Dravya Vigyan

Author(s): Vidyutprabhashreejiji
Publisher: Bhaiji Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004236/1

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sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrI | dravya-vijJAna Hainepisodaynerg

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pU. bahina ma. sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrIjI ma.sA. janma - mokalasara vi.sa. 2020, jyeSTha zuklA 6 tA. 28/5/1963 mAtA - rohiNI devI lUMkaDa ( pU. mAtAjI ma. sAdhvI zrI ratanamAlAzrIjI ma.) pitA - sva. zrI pArasamalajI lUMkaDa dIkSA - pAlItANA, vi.sa. 2030, ASADha zuklA 7, tA. 23/6/1963 ko mAtAjI evaM bhAI ke sAtha pU. AcArya zrI dIkSA pradAtA jinakAntisAgarasUrIzvarajI ma.sA. gurUvaryA - pU. Agama jyoti pravarttinI zrI pramoda zrIjI ma. sA. parivAra se dIkSita pU. upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. (bhAI ma.) pU. mAtAjI ma. zrI ratanamAlAzrIjI ma.sA. (mAtAjI ma.) pU. munizrI manitaprabhasAgarajI ma. (cacere anuja) pU. sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanAzrIjI ma. ( cacerI anujA) 1 adhyayana - saMskRta, prAkRta, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, evaM Agamika adhyayana ke sAtha rAjasthAna vi.vi. se ema.e. (darzana zAstra) evaM gujarAta vi.vi. se SaDdravyAdhArita 'dravyavijJAna' para 'DaoNkTareTa' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita / vyaktitva - lekhana evaM pravacana ke kSetra meM anUThI chApa gurUdeva, kuzalagurudeva, svapnadRSTA, rAhI aura rAstA, bhIgI bhIgI khuzbU prIta kI rIta, vidyuta taraMge, dravyavijJAna, adhUrA sapanA Adi anekAneka pustakoM viziSTa zailI meM lekhana / isake atirikta aneka pustakoM kA saMpAdana ! pravacana kI prAMjatatA, cehere kI saumyatA, tarka kI prakharatA, evaM vANI kI AkarSaNa / ntisAgarasUri smAraka mAMDavalA jAlora (rAja.) citate Use Only P

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dravya - vijJAna (AMzika saMzodhana ke sAtha zodha-prabandha) sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrI For Personal & Private Use Only

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* dvitIya saMskaraNa prati 1000, vi. saM. 2063 kArtika pUrNimA 10000000000000 0 0000000000000000000000000000 * prakAzaka zrI bhAIjI prakAzana zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mAMDavalA-343042, jilA-jAlora (rAja.) G:02973-256107 1000000000000000000000000000 000000000 * mUlya 50 rupaye 1000000000000-00- 00-00-00-00000000000000000-00 * mudraka dIpaka osavAla 269 nayA ravivAra peTha, puNe-2 : 020-24477791, 9822055891 RRRRRRRRRRR00000000000000000000000000 =:: artha sahayoga ::= zrI jinadattasUri jaina maMDala dvArA saMsthApita zrI dharmanAtha maMdira ke jJAna khAte se prakAzita 85, ammana koila sTrITa, cennaI-600079 :25207875/25207936 :: sUcanA:: isa pustaka kA prakAzana jJAna dravya se hone ke kAraNa mUlya cukAkAra zrAvaka-zrAvikA grahaNa kareM, anyathA doSa lagatA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNa jIvana ke pratyeka kadama meM jahA~ mAtra sAmyatA, tAdAtmya evaM abhinnatA hai, una agraja zrI maNiprabhajI ko... - sAdhvI vidyutprabhA For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya vItarAga - vANI mokSa kA vijJAna hai| vItarAga paramAtmA ne kevalajJAna ke Aloka meM jagat ke yathArtha svarUpa kA darzana kara bhavya AtmAoM ke kalyANa ke lie tattvoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA / paramAtmA kI vANI pUrNataH vaijJAnika hai / yadi koI tattva vijJAnavettAoM kI pakar3a meM nahIM AtA haiM to yaha unake jJAna kA adhUrApana hai, isa adhUre jJAna ke AdhAra para paramAtmA kI vANI meM zaMkA karanA AdhArahIna hai / jainadarzana yathArthavAdI darzana hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra jagat meM do tattva haiM- jIva aura ajIva / ye do tattva chaha dravyoM meM vargIkRta kiye jAte hai| chaha dravyoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajha lene se jagat ke svarUpa kA tattva samajha meM A jAtA hai / jagata SaDdravyamaya hai; isake alAvA aura kucha bhI nahIM hai / ise hI AdhAra banAkara parama pUjanIyA parama viduSI mahAprajJA bahina ma. sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrI jI mahArAja ne prastuta grantha meM SaD dravyoM vaijJAnika vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| prastuta grantha AdaraNIya banegA, jJAna- jijJAsA kA AdhAra banegA / inhIM AzAoM ke sAtha grantha Apako kara-kamaloM meM prastuta hai / I For Personal & Private Use Only

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pUrva-svara jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra jo guNa aura paryAya se yukta hai, vahI dravya hai| vAcaka umAsvAti ne inhIM bhAvoM meM dravya kI paribhASA gumphita kI hai guNaparyAyavad dravyam |-tttvaarthsuutr 3/8 jo dravya ke sAtha avicchinna rUpa se satat sahabhAvI hokara rahe, vaha guNa kahalAtA hai evaM apane mUla svabhAva kA parityAga na karake bhI bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM parivartita hone vAlI dravya kI avasthA vizeSa ko paryAya kahate haiM / dravya pUrvAvasthA kA parityAga kara navIna avasthA ko avazya hI prApta ho jAtA hai phira bhI usakA mUla svarUpa jyoM kA tyoM surakSita rahatA hai| upAdAna yA nimitta kAraNoM ko prApta kara dravya apanA svarUpa bhale hI parivartita kara le parantu naye dravya kA na to utpAda hotA hai aura nahI naash| udAharaNa ke lie svarNa ko leN| jaise sonA eka dravya hai, use vibhinna AkRtiyoM meM DhAlA jAtA hai| parantu kaMgana bane athavA hAra, usakA svarNatva donoM hI rUpoM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / yaha kevala udAharaNa mAtra hai| vAstava meM svarNa bhI koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai; vaha bhI pudgala kI ananta avasthAoM meM se eka avasthA hai| Aja jo pudgala skandha svarNa rUpa meM haiM, vahI bhaviSya meM svarNatva kA tyAga kara miTTI ke rUpa meM parivartita ho sakatA hai; isIlie pudgala dravya ke jina lakSaNoM ko nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, ve varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM bhI raheMge aura miTTI meM bhii|| jisa prakAra pudgala eka dravya hai vaise hI pA~ca anya dravya haiM, antara itanA hI hai ki pudgala rUpI (indriyagAhya) hai jabaki anya pA~ca dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzastikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAla arUpI haiN| ina chahoM ko jIva aura ajIva rUpa se do bhAgoM meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| inameM se jIvAstikAya ke atirikta anya sabhI jar3a haiN| cetanatva guNa se yukta mAtra jIva eka aisA tattva hai jo sva aura para ke viSaya meM jAnanA cAhatA hai, jAna sakatA hai| sva se saMbandhita jijJAsA se darzana kA janma hotA hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA prArambha isI jijJAsA se hotA hai| 1. ihamegesiM no sannA bhavai,....atthi me AyA uvavAie, Natthi me AyA uvavAie, ke ahaM AsI, ke vA io cuo bhavismAmi?-AcArAMga sUtra 1/1-2 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bahuta se vyaktiyoM ko yaha bodha (jJAna) nahIM hotA- "maiM kisa dizA se AyA hU~? merA punarjanma hogA yA nahIM ? maiM kauna hU~ ? yahA~ se cyava kara kahA~ jAU~gA ?" maiM kauna hU~ ? yaha prazna sva ke saMbaMdha meM hai| samAdhAna milatA hai - maiM 'AtmA' huuN| 'AtmA' dharma-darzana kA mUla AdhAra hai| AtmA hai to saba kucha hai| isI kAraNa jainadarzana ne Atma-bodha para gaharA jora diyaa| jo eka (AtmA) ko jAnatA hai, vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai| __pAzcAtya darzana pudgala (matter) ko hI mahattva dete haiM aura usI ke irda-girda jIvanazailI kA nirmANa va vistAra karate haiM, jabaki bhAratIya darzana azAzvata pudgaloM ke pAra zAzvata caitanya ke anubhava kI preraNA dete haiN| isa sandarbha meM maitreyI-yAjJavalkya saMvAda ko dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai maitreyI ne yAjJavalkya se kahA-"maiM use svIkAra kara kyA karU~ jise pAkara maiM 'amRta' nahIM banatI, jo amRtatva kA sAdhana hai, vahI mujhe btaao|"2 amRtatva arthAt mokSa bhAratIya darzana-adhyAtma kI AdhAra zilA hai| mokSa kA artha hai : caitanya-bodha, aura caitanya-bodha kA eka mAtra kAraNa hai- yathArtha tattva-vijJAna / caitanya aura acaitanya-ina do padArthoM meM bheda vijJAna hI yathArtha tattvabodha hai| cetana AtmA svayaM ko para se bhinna samajhakara satya ko prApta kara letA hai / para meM svabuddhi aura sva meM parabuddhi ke kAraNa hI saMsAra hai| . jise saMsAra samajha meM A gayA, vaha satya samajha letA hai| saMsAra kA tAtparya saMsAra kI asAratA, asthiratA aura azAzvatatA se hai| jaise hI saMsAra kA vAstavika svarUpa samajha meM A jAtA hai vaise hI jIva prayatnonmukha hokara mokSa prApta kara letA hai| svarUpa kI dRSTi se jainadarzana ke anusAra SaD dravyoM kA vistAra hI saMsAra hai| prastuta grantha meM SaD dravyoM kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa huA hai| . ' vaise yaha viSaya itanA vistRta va gaharA hai ki isa choTe-se grantha meM samA nahIM sktaa| tathApi yaha nizcita hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta grantha meM prastuti kA AdhAra vistAra yA saMkoca nahIM, para spaSTatA aura saralatA hai| 1. je egaM jANai se savve jaanni| 2. yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM kiM te kuryAm / yadeva bhagavan veda tadeva me brUhi / / - bRhadAraNyakopaniSad For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa grantha ke lagabhaga paune tIna sau pRSThoM meM SaD dravyoM kA spaSTa vivecana huA hai / bahina sAdhvI vidyutprabhA kI prajJA / pratibhA isa grantha meM prakharatA se abhivyakta huI hai / adyAvadhi, saMghIya zAsana meM etadviSayaka granthoM ko prAyaH abhAva hai / isalie, nizcita hI yaha grantha zAsana - gaurava kA vajana bharA pratIka banA hai / - maiM bhI zodha-prabandha ke viSaya-nirdhAraNa ke samaya meM kabhI- kabhI vyavahArika / bAhya bhAvoM meM DUbakara va AdaraNIya zrI koThArIjI ke svaroM meM svara milA kara kahatA'koI sAmAnya / sarala viSaya lekara zIghra hI zodha prabandha kI pUrNAhUti kara upAdhi lekara DaoNkTara bana jaao|' to kabhI-kabhI gaharAI bhare ciMtana kA gaMbhIra svara prakaTa hotA - 'koI aisA viSaya cuno jo mAtra upAdhi kA kAraNa bana kara hI na raha jAye, apitu sva-para kalyANa kA AdhArabhUta hetu bane / ' bahina vidyutprabhA ne mere isa dUsare nirdeza ko svIkAra kara isa gahana viSaya kA cunAva kiyA aura talasparzI adhyayana ke phalasvarUpa isa atyanta upayogI va gUr3ha kA grantha sarjana kiyA / paramaviduSI Agama - jyoti sva. pravartinI zrI pramodazrIjI mahArAja kA ise pUrNa, parokSa AzIrvAda milA / pUjya mAtAjI mahArAja zrI ratanamAlAzrI jI ma. kA vAtsalyapUrNa sAnnidhya milA aura isa grantha kA sRjana ho gayA / merI kAmanA hai, yaha grantha una sabhI jijJAsuoM ke lie pUrNa upayogI va AdaraNIya banegA jo tarkabaddha zailI va tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa se jainadarzana ke dravya-svarUpa kA adhyayana karanA cAhate haiM / bahina sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrI apane cintana ke navonmeSa dharAtala para darzana kI gaharI gutthiyA~ sulajhAne vAle aura naye-naye granthoM kA navasarjana karatIM raheM, yahI mere mAnasa kI AzA hai / 1 indaura 5-10-1994 IV For Personal & Private Use Only - bp-7 ( maNiprabhasAgara )

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zubhAzaMsA harakhacaMda nAhaTA adhyakSa a.bhA.kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha abhI-abhI jAnakArI prApta huI hai ki DaoN. sAdhvI vidyutprabhAjI kA zodhagrantha prakAzana kI prakriyA se gujara rahA hai, jAnakara niHsaMdeha Atmika Ananda huaa| maiMne apane jIvana ke prArambhika kAla meM hI zraddheya zrImad devacandra, Anandaghana, samayasundara va rAyacandra ke padoM ko virAsata meM prApta kiyA thA aura ina padoM ke mAdhyama se jar3acetana ke svarUpa kA bheda samajhane kA bhI prayatna karatA rahA huuN| ninmAMkita yaha pada to merI raga-raga meM ramA huA hai jar3a ne caitanya banne dravyano svabhAva bhinna, supratItapaNe banne jene samajhAya che; ' svarUpa cetana jina, jaDa che sambandha mAtra, athavA te jJeya paNa paradravya mAMya che; evo anubhavano prakAza ullasita thayo, jar3a thI udAsI tene AtmavRtti thAya che; kAyAnI visArI mAyA, svarUpe samAyA evA nirgranthano pantha bhava-antano upAya ch| zrImad devacandra ne neminAtha ke stavana meM paMcAstikAya ke nAmoM kA digdarzana karAte hue batAyA ki kinakA tyAga karanA cAhie aura kinheM apanAnA cAhie... dharma adharma AkAza acetanA, te vijAti agrAhojI, pudgala grahaNe re karma kalaMkatA, bAMdhe bAMdhaka baahyojii| For Personal & Private Use Only

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dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala ye cAroM vijAtIya tattva hone se jIva ke dvArA agrAhya haiN| inakA grahaNa saMsAra kA mAtra vistAra hI karatA hai| ataH sujJa cetanA ina vijAtIya tattvoM kA svarUpa aura svabhAva pahacAna kara unase dUra hI rahane kA prayatna karatI hai| Age unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki jIva ko mAtra uttama vairAgI mahApuruSoM se hI abhinnatA sthApita karanI cAhie, jisase vaha bhI kramazaH uttamatA ko prApta ho ske| ___ anukUla aura pratikUla paristhiti meM cetanA ko samabhAva meM rahane kI preraNA ina padoM ke mAdhyama se spaSTa rUpa se prApta ho jAtI hai, aura jaba sAdhvI vidyutprabhAjI ke zodha-prabandha ko isI viSaya para dekhA to hRdaya prasannatA se bhara gyaa| ___ unakI vaktRtva kalA va lekhana kalA ke bAre meM sAmAnya rUpa se sunA avazya thA, para jaba isa gUr3ha viSaya para unake vizleSaNa kI kSamatA ko dekhA to cakita huA thaa| abhI taka maiMne unheM saMgha kI AzA pU. gaNivarya zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI mahArAja kI anujA ke rUpa meM hI pahacAnA thA, para dhIre-dhIre unakA svayaM kA svataMtra vyaktitva ubharatA gyaa| niHsaMdeha ve saMgha kI eka udIyamAna pratibhAzAlI sAdhvI haiN| isa zodha-prabaMdha meM saMdeza athavA preraNA nahIM hai| inameM mAtra svarUpa ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| agara hamane jar3a aura cetana ke svarUpa ko bhI pahacAna liyA to avazya hI unakA zrama sArthaka hogA aura hamArI cetanA jar3a saMbandhoM ko kATakara zuddha bnegii| unakI lekhana kSamatA aura adhika gaMbhIra evaM painI bne| inhIM zubhAzaMsAoM ke sAtha.... VM For Personal & Private Use Only

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sapanA jo sAkAra huA DaoN. vidyutprabhAjI ke zodha prabandha kI prakAzana belA meM maiM niHsaMdeha rUpa se AhlAdita evaM pramudita huuN| yaha merA lakSya va sapanA thA ki ve DaoNkTareTa kI maMjila taka pahu~ce / agara maiM yaha bhI kahU~ ki unhoMne pI-eca. DI. karake mujha para eka anugraha kiyA hai to bhI koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / maiM unhe taba se jAnatA hU~ jaba ve borDa kI parIkSA de cukI thI / padonnata hokara bADamera se maiM jodhapura jA rahA thA ki mujhe saMdeza milA ki sAdhvIjI ne mujhe apane adhyayana ke silasile meM yAda kiyA hai, to maiM vahA~ pahu~cA aura unase adhyayana sambandhI carcA huii| usa samaya unake paricaya prabhAva kA dAyarA atyanta sImita thA / maiMne unheM sampUrNata: Azvasta kiyA ki ve adhyayana meM Ane vAlI kisI bhI samasyA se vicalita na hokara apanI par3hAI jArI rkheN| usI dina se unakI vyAvahArika zikSA sampUrNa rUpa se maiM juDa gayA / unakI rAha meM anekoM bAdhAe~ aaiiN| adhyayana Arambha ke kucha hI dinoM bAda hI unakI guruvaryAzrI kA svargavAsa ho gayA / niHsaMdeha mujhe unakI TUTI mAnasikatA se lagA ki ve aba Age nahIM pddh'eNgii| maiMne unheM pUrNa AtmIyatA ke sAtha eka pitA kI bhUmikA se samajhAyA / aura mujhe hArdika saMtoSa hai ki usake bAda jitane bhI avarodha Aye, una sabhI ko pUrNa prakharatA se cIratI huI ve Age bar3hatI hI gaI / sAdhvI jI ne ema.e. kA adhyayana pUrA kara liyaa| merA mAnasa thA ki ve sAmAnya aura sarala viSaya cunakara atizIghra DaoNkTareTa kara leM, para yaha pahalA maukA thA jaba unhoMne merI bAta ko anasunA karake apane hI tarIke se nirNaya liyA / unhoMne zodha kA viSaya atyanta gUr3ha parantu Agamika cunaa| aisA viSaya cunA jo sAmAnya samajha se pare thaa| para aba cU~ki unakI prajJA vikasita thI aura apanI pratibhA kA ve zodha meM upayoga karanA cAhatI thIM, ataH maiMne viSaya nirdhAraNa meM unake Agraha ko svIkAra kara liyaa| vaise mujhe aura adhika santuSTi thI ki ve jaTilatama viSaya lekara apanI prajJA ko painA karanA cAhatIM hai / para viSaya nirdhAraNa ke bAda unakI gatizIla gAr3I ruka gaI / vihAra kA, paricaya kA, ziSyAoM kA aura yojanAoM kA vistAra ho gayA thaa| usI meM unake samaya kA adhikAMza bhAga gujara jAtA thA / san 1992 meM unakA VII For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaba mAlapurA jAnA huA taba unhoMne guru caraNoM meM saMkalpa kiyA ki isI varSa unheM zodha prabandha prastuta karanA hai| jisa tejI se unakI gAr3I rukI thI, usI anupAta meM balki usase bhI jyAdA tejI se unakI gati tIvratama hotI calI gii| satat parizrama karake unhoMne mAlapurA aura jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna apanA zodha prabandha pUrNa kara liyaa| svayaM sva.DaoN.narendra bhAnAvata evaM jainadarzana ke pramukha vidvAn DaoN. ke. sI. sogAnI unakI gati se Azcarya cakita the| jitanI alpAvadhi meM unhoMne apanA saMkalpa pUrNa kiyA, usake lie svayaM DaoN. sogAnI ke niSkarSa the ki isa kArya meM unheM koI daivIya sahayoga upalabdha ho rahA hai| aura merA bhI yahI cintanaphala thA ki unhoMne mAlapurA ke samrATa dAdA kuzalasUri kI dharatI para jisa kArya kA zubhArambha kiyA hai, niHsaMdeha usakI pUrNatA meM avazya hI gurudeva sahayoga kara rahe haiN| merA apanA anubhava hai ki jaba ve mAlapurA meM thI taba pustakAlaya ke abhAva meM sandarbha granthoM ke na hone se parezAna thI, usa samaya cU~ki AsapAsa kA sArA vAtAvaraNa va pariveza aparicita thA, ataH gurucaraNoM meM hI nivedana kiyA ki mujhe sahayoga kareM aura tabhI unheM Azcaryajanaka rUpa se kucha pustakeM sthAnIya digambara jaina maMdira se anAyAsa hI prApta ho giiN| zodha-prabandha prastuta hone ke bAda ve vihAra kara sAMcora A gae aura zodhaprabandha parIkSaNa hetu pramukha vidvAnoM ke pAsa gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya ne bheja diyA; parantu maukhikI parIkSA (vAyavA ) saMbhava nahIM ho pA rahA thii| bahudhA taiyAriyA~ hone para bhI yA to DaoN. ke. sI. sogAnI kI paristhitiyA~ bAdhaka bana jAtI athavA DaoN. vAI. esa. zAstrI kI atyadhika vyastatA ke kAraNa vAyavA antima samaya para radda ho jaataa| anta meM kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa AdaraNIya bhAIjI zrI harakhacaMdajI nAhaTA ne yaha uttaradAyitva apane sira para liyA aura jodhapura meM 13 apraila 94 ko bar3I umaMgoM ke sAtha unakA vAyavA saMpanna ho gyaa| agara yaha kahU~ to jyAdA yathArtha ke nikaTa hogA ki unakI vyAvAhArika zikSA kA prArambha mere sahayoga se huA to usakI parisamApti zrI bhAI jI ke sahayoga se saMpanna huii| vaha pala Aja bhI merI smRti meM hai, jaba ve vAyavA saMpanna kara DaoNkTara ke rUpa meM bAhara Ae, merA roma-roma prasannatA se jhUma rahA thaa| Ananda A~sU ke rUpa meM chalaka utthaa| VIII For Personal & Private Use Only

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__maiM vigata varSoM se unake jIvana kA sAkSI hU~ ki kina kaThinAiyoM ke sAtha unhoMne apanA lakSya pUrA kiyA hai| atyanta vyasta ho jAne para bhI ve lakSya kI ora avicala bhAvoM se bar3hatI rhiiN| ____apane dRr3ha saMkalpa ke balabUte hI unhoMne sAmAjika aura sAmudAyika uttaradAyitva hone para bhI apane uddezya ko pUrNa kara hI liyaa| unakA yaha zodha-prabaMdha jainadarzana kI mUlyavAn dharohara ke rUpa meM sthApita ho evaM vidvAnoM ke lie upayogI sAmagrI bane, isI meM isakI sArthakatA hai| ___DaoN. vidyutaprabhAzrIjI mahArAja bhaviSya meM adhyayana ke kSetra meM nae kIrtimAna sthApita kareM, inhIM zubhakAmanAoM ke sAtha.... / raMgarUpamala koThArI I.A.S. X For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhUmikA aise saMkaTApanna kSaNoM meM, jabaki bhUta-vijJAna paramANu ko le kara nita-naye prayoga kara rahA hai, sAdhvIjI vidyutprabhAjI kA 'dravya-vijJAna' zIrSaka yaha prabandha eka viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai| saba jAnate haiM ki darzana tarka kI AdhAra-bhUmi para khar3A hotA hai aura vijJAna prayoga kI buniyAda pr| vijJAna kA sArA kArobAra prayogazAlAoM meM saMpanna hotA hai| jainadarzana kI prayogazAlA kaivalya hai; vahA~ jo sammukha hai,vaha zAzvata satya hai| usameM koI 'nanu-naca' nahIM hai| yaha andhavizvAsa nahIM hai, jJAna kA vaibhava hai, usakA sarvocca zikhara hai| .. vijJAna ke rAste badale haiM, jainadarzana kA rAstA vahI hai jo pahale thA, vahI Aja hai, vahI kala rhegaa| isameM phera-badala kI koI guMjAiza nahIM hai / pharka sirpha eka hai| vijJAna kI Dagara pArthiva hai, jainadarzana kI apArthiva/AdhyAtmika / vaha mukti kI ora hai; bandhana kI dizA meM nahIM hai| bandhana-mukti jaina dharma/darzana kA antima lakSya dravyoM se loka banA hai| jahA~ taka jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, aura kAla haiM vaha- lokAkAza hai; tadanantara alokAkAza hai| __'sat' dravya kA lakSaNa hai| 'vaha' hai, usakA 'honA' hI usakI nizAnI hai| jaba lagatA hai ki 'vaha nahIM haiM, taba mAtra vaisA lagatA hai, hotA asala meM vaisA nahIM hai| vaisA honA saMbhava bhI nahIM hai| paryAyAntaraNa kI vajaha se bhrama ho sakatA hai; kintu dhyAna rahe, jahA~ samyaktva hai, vahA~ saMzayaM athavA AbhAsa ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| dravya kI ibArata hai- 'guNaparyayavad dravyam' (tattvArthasUtra sU.3/8) dravya, koI bhI vaha ho, guNa aura paryAyavAn hai| 'vaha hai, vaha nahIM hai' isakI vyAkhyA guNa aura paryAya zabdoM meM dhar3aka rahI hai / guNa-kI-apekSA vaha hai, paryAya-kI-apekSA usakA vyaya aura utpAda hai; lopa aura Agama hai| jAneM, loka kA jarrA-jarrA sApekSa hai| dravya chaha haiM-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla; kramazaH cetana, acetana, gati, sthiti, avakAza aura vartana / tamAma dravyoM kI apanI-apanI asmitAe~ haiM, ve svAdhIna haiM, Atmanirbhara haiM, apane pA~va para avasthita haiM / eka-dUsare ke astitva meM eka-dUsare kA koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| saMpUrNa loka-yAtAyAta avicchinna aura nirvighna hai| dravya anAdi haiN| inakA X For Personal & Private Use Only

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koI sirA nahIM hai| dravya kI sattA ko samajhane ke lie utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI trayI ko gaharAI meM utara kara samajhanA bahuta jarUrI hai| dravya 'hai', usakA 'thA' aura 'gA' paryaTaka hai| 'hai' hI rahatA hai, 'gA' aura 'thA' ukhar3a jAte haiN| dravya kI yaha satyakathA anAdi hai| utpAda aura vyaya kI prakriyA ko paryAyAntaraNa meM-se samajhanA caahiye|| ... AtmA hai; zarIra 'thA' 'gA' 'hai' tInoM hai| 'thA' vaha huA, 'gA' vaha hogA, 'hai' vaha hai; kintu AtmA ke sAtha aisA nahIM hai| vahA~ sirpha 'hai' hai| zuddhAvasthA meM yadyapi 'gA' 'thA' 'hai' kI trayI hai tathApi vaha zuddhAvasthAparaka hai| dravya ke isa maulika vyAkaraNa ko jAne bagaira loka-racanA ke rahasya ko jAnanA saMbhava nahIM hai| __ jainadharma/darzana kA mukhya lakSya svabhAvopalabdhi hai| bheda-vijJAna isakA acUka mAdhyama hai| isake dvArA hama dravyoM kI svAdhIna sattAoM kA bodhamRta pAte, pIte haiN| AtmA AtmA hai, deha deha hai| AtmA na kabhI deha huA hai, na thA, na hogaa| isI taraha deha na kabhI AtmA thA, na hogA, na hai / isa pArthakya ko hama bheda-vijJAna meM-se hogujara kara hI jAna pAte haiN| prastuta zodha-prabandha sAdhvIjI kI jJAna-sAdhanA kI zramasAdhya pariNati hai| unhoMne tulanAtmaka adhyayana dvArA dravyoM kI vistRta/sarvAMga vivecanA kI hai| mujhe vizvAsa hai ise vyApaka rUpa meM par3hA jaaegaa| - sAdhvIjI se nivedana hai ki ve apanI adhyayana-anusaMdhAna-vRtti ko anavarata rakheM aura yadi saMbhava ho to isake eka sarala jebI saMskaraNa se sAmAnya jana ko bhI upakRta kreN| kyA hama gaMbhIra adhyayanoM ko kaoNmana jaina taka pahu~cAne ko turanta koI upAya nahIM kareMge? merI samajha meM yadi hama prayatna kareM to jo jJAnAmRta sAdhu-jana, vidvajjana khojate-pAte haiM, usameM eka sAmAnya zrAvaka kI sahabhAgitA avazya banA sakate haiM ? indaura, ma.pra. -DaoN. nemIcanda jaina 14 navambara, 1994 saMpAdaka 'tIrthaMkara' 'zAkAhAra-krAnti' XI For Personal & Private Use Only

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apanI ora se bhAratIya cintanadhArA meM jaina darzana kI cintana paddhati apanA viziSTa mahattva rakhatI hai| jaina darzana ne dhArmika unmAda ko bar3hAvA dene ke sthAna para sahiSNutA ko adhika mUlyavAn mAnA hai| yahI vaicArika sahiSNutA 'anekAnta' evaM AcAra pakSIya udAratA 'ahiMsA' ke mAdhyama se pratipAdita huI / ahiMsA aura anekAntavAda ke dharAtala para khar3A jaina darzana mAtra bhAratIyoM ko nahIM, apitu videzI vidvAnoM ko bhI sahaja meM hI prabhAvita karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| jainadarzana kA cintana kalpita nahIM hai, apitu anubhava ke amRta se anuprANita hai / Aja usake aneka siddhAnta Adhunika vijJAna dvArA siddha ho cuke haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI khoja jArI hai| vizvavandya karuNAmUrti paramAtmA mahAvIra ne jisa satya kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA, usI ko niSpakSa dRSTi se kalyANa aura karuNA kI bhAvanA se otaprota hokara abhivyak kiyA aura vahI amRtavANI AcAryoM dvArA paramparA ke rUpa meM hama taka pahu~cI hai / pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva triguNAtmaka hai / kevalajJAna kA prakAza upalabdha hote hI tIna siddhAnta mahAvIra dvArA prarUpita hue- utpatti, sthiti, aura vinAza / ina tIna siddhAntoM para jaina sAhitya kI zAzvata aura aTUTa imArata khar3I huI hai| padArtha ke isa triguNAtmaka svabhAva para merA yaha zodha nibandha likhA gayA hai / isa zodha-prabaMdha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiM, jinakA paricaya isa prakAra hai: prathama adhyAya meM bhAratIya darzana meM jainadarzana kI vizeSatA, sRSTi ke saMbandha meM pramukha bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vicAra evaM dravya ke sAmAnya svarUpa para ciMtana kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM dravya ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa kA vizada, tArkika rUpa se spaSTIkaraNa karate hue dravya ke guNa aura paryAya kA sarvAMgINa vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM SaD dravyoM kI carcA karate hue jIvAstikAya para jaina dArzanikoM evaM itara dArzanikoM ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI AtmA ke astitva ko bhI vibhinna tarkasaMgata matoM se pratipAdita karate hue jIva ke samasta vargIkaraNa ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| XII For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha adhyAya meM ajIvAstikAya jisake antargata dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura pudrala samAviSTa hote haiM, use siddha karate hue inakA jIva para upakAra pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM samasta adhyAyoM kA upasaMhAra rUpa apane ciMtana kA prastutIkaraNa karate hue sabhI adhyAyoM kA sAra saMkalita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra pA~ca adhyAyoM se yukta zodha-prabandha kI prastuti belA meM nizcit hI maiM AtaMrika AnaMda aura AhlAda kA anubhava kara rahI hU~ / yadyapi maiM yaha bhI anubhava karatI hU~ ki dravya ke svarUpa para Aja taka pracura likhA jA cukA hai; yaha viSaya hI itanA gaharA va vistRta hai ki isa para jitanA likhA jAyegA, thor3A hI hogA kyoMki yaha tripadI hI to AgamoM kA mUla hai| phira bhI maiM anubhava karatI hU~ ki isa 'thIsisa' kA apanA mUlya aura upayoga hogA / dravya jaise gUr3ha viSaya ke cunAva para yadyapi mujhe mere zAstrIya jJAna kI alpatA kA bhAna thA, phira bhI mujhe lenA yahI viSaya thA / isakA kAraNa guruvaryAzrI kI Antarika / utkaTa abhilASA evaM unakA Adeza thA / ve svayaM apane yuga kI Agama jyoti kahalAte the aura mujhase ve apekSA rakhate the ki maiM bhI AgamajJAna kI AtmasAt karU~ / unake anurUpa banane kI merI abhilASA to avazya hai para AzA nahIM, phira bhI unake jJAnAloka meM se prakAza kI kucha razmiyA~ mere palle bhI Ae~ aura AgamoM ke AMzika jJAna ko upalabdha karU~, basa isI bhAvanA ko mUrtarUpa dete hue isa viSaya kA cunAva kiyA aura AtmatoSa hai ki apekSita jJAnArjana yadyapi nahIM huA, phira bhI 'kucha' kadama avazya bddh'e| meM viSaya kA paMjIkaraNa hone ke bAda kucha saMyamI jIvana se jur3I vyastatA hone ke kAraNa kArya meM zithilatA A gayI thI, parantu jaba gatavarSa kI janmadina kI kavitA pUjya jyeSTha bandhu zrI maNiprabhajI ne apane antarmana meM bhare sneha se ApUrita "pI. eca. DI. karanA hI hai, aura vaha bhI zIghra" - ye udgAra vyakta kiye to maiM bhI isa kArya ko Age bar3hAne meM tatpara ho gayI / janma-dina kI kavitA kA vaha padyAMza yaha "vo sUryodaya jisa dina hogA, mujhako yaha saMvAda milegA / banogI jaba tuma 'DaoNkTara' bahinA, mere mana kA phUla khilegA / / zodha-grantha kI nirmiti meM zrama-samaya tumheM denA hai sArA / XIII For Personal & Private Use Only

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'eka varSa meM pUrNa karU~gI,' eka yahI ho terA nArA / " . unake prati kRtajJatA abhivyakta kara maiM apane samarpaNa ko nahIM A~kanA caahtii| kyoMki ve sarvatobhAvena merI zraddhA aura sneha ke kendra haiN| .. isI krama meM, eka pUrNa saMkalpa ke sAtha maiM mAlapurA gurudeva zrI jinakuzalasUri ke dhAma pahu~cI aura darzana ke prathama kSaNa meM hI maiMne gurudeva kI caraNa pAdukA ke samakSa Atmanivedana kiyA "mujhe isa sthAna para apanA adhyayana karanA hI hai jo tere AzIrvAda binA asaMbhava hai| "prayatna merA va kRpA terii"| maiM nizcit rUpa se kaha sakatI hU~- mere isa nivedana ko gurudeva ne sunA hI nahIM, pUrNa AzIrvAda bhI diyA aura isI kAraNa yaha zodha prabandha kucha hI mAha meM saMpUrNa taiyAra ho gyaa| maiM abhibhUta hU~ . gurudeva kI isa kRpAmayI amIvRSTi pr| . ___ maiM samagrabhAvena sAdara savinaya natamatsaka hU~, divyAzISa-pradAtrI, mere aMtarmana meM AsIna, raga-raga meM basI Agamajyoti adhyAtmayoginI, anekoM graMthoM kI nirmAtrI apanI guruvaryA pravartinI zrI pramodazrI jI mahArAja ke zrIcaraNoM meM, jinake nAma se jur3ane kA saubhAgya mujhe upalabdha huaa| __maiM ina kSaNoM meM apanI hArdika kRtajJatA abhivyakta kiye binA nahIM raha sakatI - merI prArambhika zikSA se Aja taka kI zikSAyAtrA se jur3e preraNAdIpa zrI Ara. ema. koThArI, AI. e. esa. jodhapura ke prati ! yadyapi abhivyakti kI eka sImA hai aura vaha mAtra cAra paMktiyoM meM simaTa gayI hai para mere bhAvoM meM unake prati asIma AsthA ke svara gUMja rahe haiN| kyoMki agara ve mujhe adhyayana se jur3e rahane kI nirantara niHsvArtha preraNA nahIM dete to saMbhavataH yaha yAtrA adhUrI raha sakatI thii| unhoMne sAdhvI ke anurUpa mujhe sammAna to diyA hI, usase bhI adhika pitA banakara snehasikta preraNA bhI dii| .. maiM apane mArgadarzaka vidvadvarya saralatA kI pratimarti zrI DaoN. vAI. esa. zAstrI, AcArya, ema. e., pI.-eca. DI. (Reader in Philosophy) kI hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~, jinhoMne mere zodhakArya kI viSaya vastu ko anyAnya adhyayana adhyApana kI vyastatA ke bAvajUda dekhA, jAMcA, parakhA evaM Avazyaka nirdezoM ke sAtha avilamba mujhe lauTA bhI diyaa| merI anukUlatA ko unhoMne pramukhatA dii| agara unakA apekSita sAnugraha sahayoga nahIM milatA to prastuti kI avadhi aura bhI bar3ha sakatI thii| maiM zrI DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata ke agAdha jJAnaprema ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara pA rahI huuN| ve mere anurodha ko svIkAra kara apanI dharmapatnI DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata ke sAtha mAlapurA XIV For Personal & Private Use Only

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padhAre evaM mujhe viSaya se saMbandhita mArgadarzana diyaa| Aja isa grantha ke prakAzana kI velA meM unakI anupasthiti mujhe vyathita kara rahI hai / maiM Atmapriya sva. DaoN. zrImatI zAntA bhAnAvata evaM sva. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata kI pavitrAtmA ko vinamra praNAma karatI hU~ / pANDulipi dekhane meM mujhe zrI milApacanda jI jaina, pUrva parIkSAniyantraka, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya kA sahayoga milaa| maiM unake sahayogI vyaktitva ke prati zubhakAmanAe~ samarpita karatI hU~ / borDa se lekara ema. e. taka kI zikSAyAtrA meM samagrabhAvena sahayogI bane DaoN. ela. gAMdhI, DaoN. pI. mizrA, DaoN. ema. ela. zarmA, DaoN. ema. ema. koThArI, DaoN. vimalA bhaMDArI, mi. AsopA jodhapura, DaoN. lalitA mehatA bAr3amera evaM zrI bhUracandajI zAha, bAr3amera Adi sabhI kI maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / / zodhayAtrA kI prastuti kA sapanA sArthaka karane meM sabase mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA- DaoN. kamalacandajI sogAnI, jayapura kA / unhoMne pUrNa anugraha ke sAtha mere saMkoca ko tor3akara merI zodha kSamatA ko anAvRta kiyA / yadyapi mere dvArA likhita adhyAyoM meM unhoMne parivartana sAmAnya sA hI kiyA, para grantha kI puSTi unhoMne hI kI / ni:saMdeha grantha prastuti ke nirmANa kA zreya unhIM ko jAtA hai| maiM vinamrabhAva se unakI kRtajJatA ko zabdoM meM bAMdhane kA asaphala prayAsa karatI hU~ / zodha nimitta jayapura pravAsa ke daurAna jinakI AtmIya snigdhatA ne aparicita * pariveza meM mere zramazIla mastiSka ko UrjA va taralatA dene vAle sA.DI. devala I.A.S., zamIma dIdI akhtara, R.A. S. dulIcandajI TAMka, mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI, (sva.) mahAvIraprasAdajI zrImAla, kanaka zrImAla, bAbUlAla DosI, jatanaku~vara golecchA, sau. me bAI surANA Adi kI bhI maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / maiM zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka TrasTa, mAMDavalA ke adhyakSa zrI dvArakAdAsa DosI, bAr3amera ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara sakatI jinake prayAsoM se mujhe viSaya se saMbandhita sAmagrI prApta hotI rahI / maiM akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha mahAsaMgha ke adhyakSa pitRhRdaya nizchalamanA bhAIjI zrI harakhacandajI nAhaTA ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ jinake prayAsoM se merA vAyavA jodhapura meM vyavasthita rUpa se saMpanna ho pAyA / maiM pUjyA samatAmUrti tapasvinI prakAzazrIjI mahArAja, mAtAjI ma. zrI XV For Personal & Private Use Only

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ratanAmAlAzrI jI mahArAja ke caraNoM meM vinamrabhAvena vandanAe~ arpita karatI hU~ jinake sAnnidhya meM maiM apanI saMyama aura svAdhyAya kI yAtrA nirvighna calA rahI huuN| ... anta meM maiM apanI suyogya pratibhAzAlinI suzikSita AryAvarga sAdhvI zAsanaprabhA M.A., svarNa padaka prApta sAdhvI nIlAMjanA M.A., prajJAMjanA, dIptiprajJA, nItiprajJA evaM vibhAMjanA kI bhI katajJa haiM jinhoMne mere adhyayana ke liye zAnta aura nIrava pariveza ke nirmANa meM apanA saMpUrNa yogadAna diyaa| apanI samasta saMvedanAoM ko samApta kara mere adhyayana kI bhUmikA kA nirmANa kiyA, samasta uttaradAyitvoM se mukta kara mujhe nizcita kiyaa| zodha-prabandha kI presa kaoNpI sAdhvI zAsanaprabhA evaM nIlAMjanA ne taiyAra kI hai| unheM merA hArdika AtmIya maMgalamaya AzIrvAda hai| ve . nirantara pragati patha para agrasara hokara akSaya Ananda ko upalabdha kreN| prastuta grantha kA lekhana mAtra upAdhi hetu nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu isakA mukhya uddezya jJAna kI apUrva sampadA kI prApti rahA hai| ina SaDdravyoM kA adhyayana kara apanI AtmacetanA ko zuddha aura mukta banAU~, isI kAmanA ke sAtha merA yaha prayAsa huA hai| isa maMjila kI prApti meM pratyakSa/apratyakSa sahayogI vRnda ke prati hArdika zubhakAmanAe~ vyakta karatI huI vidvajanoM kI niSpakSa AlocanA sAdara Amantrita karatI huuN| paramAtmA mahAvIra kI amRtavANI ko agaNita vaMdanA / sAdara viurem sAdhvI vidyutprabhA zrI XVI For Personal & Private Use Only

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dravya-vijJAna anukramANikA jainadarzana ne bhAratIya dArzanika kSetra meM apane vizAla sAhitya aura talasparzI cintana ke kAraNa eka viziSTa sthAna prApta kiyA hai| dravya-svarUpa ke viSaya meM jaina dArzanikoM kA jo sUkSma vizleSaNa hai, use aneka Adhunika bhautika zAstra ke vaijJAnikoM ne bhI kucha hada taka svIkAra kiyA hai| isa zodha nibandha meM jaina dArzanika granthoM meM pAyI gayI dravya-viSayaka vivecanA ke samagra citra ko pradarzita karate hue tulanAtmaka dRSTi se prakAza meM lAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prastuta zodha nibaMdha meM kula pA~ca adhyAya haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM :1) prathama adhyAya : bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya avadhAraNA dvitIya adhyAya : jaina paramparA-mAnya dravya kA lakSaNa 3) tRtIya adhyAya : jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA 4) caturtha adhyAya : ajIva kA svarUpa 5) pAMcavAM adhyAya : upasaMhAra ina adhyAyoM meM nimnalikhita viSayoM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai : ' 1. bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya avadhAraNA 1-22 * bhinna-bhinna vicAradhArAoM meM ekatA kI anugUMja / * bhAratIya darzana kI vishesstaa| pAzcAtya darzana kI vizeSatA / * darzana zabda kI utpatti, prayoga evaM usakA artha / * darzana zabda kI philaoNsAphI se tulanA * dArzanika ke mApadaMDa evaM unakI vishesstaa| * Astika aura nAstika vicAradhArA / *jainadarzana kI praaciintaa| * jainadarzana meM dravya / * dravya kA nirukta artha / . . * dravya ke paryAyavAcI zabda / dravya kI parikalpanA kA kaarnn| * bhAratIya .. dArzanika ke dravya evaM sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna mata / * upaniSad ke anusAra XVII For Personal & Private Use Only

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dravya evaM sRsstti| * bauddha dharmAnusAra dravya evaM sRSTi / * sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra dravya evaM sRsstti| * cArvAka mata meM dravya evaM sRsstti| * jainadarzana kI dravya evaM sRSTi ke sambandha meM mAnyatA / 2. jaina paramparAmAnya dravya kA lakSaNa 23-66 * jaina paramparA meM sat kA lkssnn| * dravya lakSaNa guNa paryAya yukta hai| *sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI kI apekSA guNa pryaay| * vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| dravya traikAlika hai| * astitva kI anivAryatA pariNamana hai| . UrdhvatA evaM tiryak kI apekSA dravya, utpAdAdi se bhinna bhI hai| * dravya meM aikAntika pratipAdana ke duussnn| * dravya-guNa paryAya meM ekAnta bheda nhiiN| * dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM ekAnta abheda bhI nhiiN| * jainadarzana samanvayavAdI hai| utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya meM kAla kI bhinntaa-abhinntaa| * sabhI dravya svatantra haiN| sat sapratipakSa hai- (sad-asad, vAcyAvAcya, astitva-nAstitva, sAmAnya-vizeSa) sad-asad-nyAya vaizeSika, bheda-abheda vedAnta va sAmAnya kumArila ke anusaar| * naya kA svarUpa aura usakI aavshyktaa| * SaDdravyoM kA vibhAjana : cetana va acetana kI apekSA se mUrta va amUrta kI apekSA se, eka va aneka kI apekSA se, pariNAmI va nitya kI apekSA se, sapradezI va apradezI kI apekSA se, kSetravAn evaM akSetravAn kI apekSA se, sarvagata va asarvagata kI apekSA se, kAraNa va akAraNa kI apekSA se, kartA va bhoktA kI apekSA se| 3. jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA 67-155 * AtmA zabda kI vyutpatti / AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi / * AtmA pramANa siddha hai| jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra Atmasiddhi / vibhinna AcAryoM ke anusAra AtmA kI siddhi| * AtmA aura upaniSad / * upaniSad aura AtmasvarUpa kI vibhinntaa| * dehaatmvaad| * praannaatmvaad| * manomaya aatmaa| . prajJA vijnyaanaatmaa| * caitnyaatmaa| * nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM aatmaa| * bauddha darzana kA anaatmvaad| * cArvAka darzana meM aatmaa| XVIII For Personal & Private Use Only

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* sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA / * jIvAstikAya ke lakSaNa / * upayoga ke prakAra / * jJAna ke prakAra / * sahavAdI aura kra mavAdI vicaardhaaraaeN| . anekaatmvaad| dehprimaannaatmvaad| * nityatA tathA prinnaamiianitytaavaad| * aatmkrtRbhoktRtvvaad| jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa aura zuddhAtmA kA svruup| karmamukta aatmaa| *pAriNAmika bhaav| * AtmA aura bhAva - (ka) aupazamika bhAva, (kha) kSAyika bhAva, (ga) mizra bhAva, (gha) audayika bhaav| * saMsArI jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa-trasa aura sthAvara kI apekSA se| * vanaspati / * vanaspati ke bhed| * trasa jIvoM ke bheda / *paMcendriya jIvoM kA vrgiikrnn| * manuSya jIvoM ke prakAra / nairayikoM ke prkaar| * devoM ke prkaar| * jIva aura shriir| * AtmA aura cAritra / *lezyA aura jiiv| karma aura jIva / *jIva aura paryApti / AtmA aura gunnsthaan| .puNya, pApa, bandha aura jiiv| .Amrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura jIva / karma aura aamrv| * saMvara aura nirjarA / * baMdha aura mokSa / * baMdha aura Asrava meM bheda *mokSa kA svarUpa- (ka) pUrva ke saMskAra, (kha) karma se asaMga, (ga) bandha-cheda (gha) agnizikhAvat, (ca) mukti kI prApti ke bheda *mukti ke sAdhana, * jIva ke aneka nAmoM ke kaarnn| 4. ajIva kA svarUpa . 156-236 * dharmAstikAya kA lkssnn| .kAraNa ke prkaar| dharmAstikAya kI upayogitA / ardhAstikAya kA svarUpa evaM lakSaNa / * adharmAstikAya kI upyogitaa| dharmAstikAya-adharmAstikAya ke astitva kI siddhi / *AkAzastikAya kA lakSaNa aura svruup| catuSTayI kI apekSA se lok| .AkAzAstikAya ke bheda / bauddha mata meM loka kA vivecanaH (ka) naraka loka (kha) jyotirloka (ga) svarga lok| vaidika dharmAnusAra loka varNana: (ka) naraka loka, (kha) jyotirloka, (ga) mhrlok| loka ke bhedaprabheda saMsthAna ke prakAra / lokAloka kA pauvaapry| * dik / nyAyavaizeSika aura aakaash| * sAMkhya aura AkAza / * advaita-vedAnta aura AkAza / *bauddhamata aura AkAza / * AkAzAstikAya kI siddhi / XIX For Personal & Private Use Only

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* kAla drvy| * kAla kA lakSaNa (ka) vartanA kyA hai? (kha) pariNAma kyA hai ? (ga) kriyA kyA hai? (gha) paratva va aparatva (Da) pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM kucha tarka / vartanA aura pariNAma meM antara / kAla akhaNDa pradezI nahIM hai| .kAla ananta samaya yukta hai| .kAla ke prkaar| .kAla kA upakAra / * kriyA meM sahAyaka kAla hai| * vyavahAra ke bhed| * nizcaya kAla kA lkssnn| * vyavahAra aura nizcaya kAla meM antr| .kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA / kAla ke jJAna kI aavshyktaa| * vaizeSika darzana meM kaal| * sAMkhya aura kAla / * pudgala kA lkssnn| * pudgala ke bhed| * paramANu kA svabhAva catuSTaya, * pudgala ke lakSaNa, * pudgala ke bhedaH (ka) skandha (kha) skandhadeza (ga) pradeza (gha) prmaannu| * pudgala ke paryAyaH (ka) zuddha (kha) bandha (ga) sUkSma (gha) sthUla (Ga) saMsthAna (ca) bheda (cha) andhakAra (ja) chAyA (jha) Atapa (ba) udyot| * pudgala ke chaha bhed| * pugala pariNamana / * pudgala kA svabhAva-catuSTaya / * pudgala ke upakAra / * jainadarzana kA lkssy| 5. upasaMhAra 237-254 . 6. saMndarbha - grantha sUcI 255-269 7. hamAre prakAzana 270-273 IIX. For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya : prathama bhAratIya darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina darzana kI dravya - avadhAraNA jaina darzana bhAratIya darzanoM meM apanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / isa kalpArddha jaina zAsana Adya pravartaka prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva mAne jAte haiN| vartamAna samaya meM caubIsaveM evaM aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA jinazAsana pravartita hai / jaina darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai- usakI anekAntamayI udAra dRSTi, jahA~ sabhI darzana apane vAda kI sthApanA ke liye hI saMpUrNa zakti lagAte haiM, vahIM jaina darzana una darzanoM me kathaJcit satya pakSa DhU~r3hatA hai| vaicArika apekSA se jaina darzana kI sabase bar3I maulika dena hai syAdvAda - anekAntavAda evaM vyavahAra kI apekSA se AcAra kI pavitratA / anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI gaharAI meM bhI ahiMsA ke hI darzana hote haiM / jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI ahiMsA mAtra kAyika hI nahIM, apitu mAnasika aura vaicArika bhI hai / mana se kisI kA ahita ciMtana karanA yA zabdoM se kisI ko anucita evaM kaTu kahanA bhI hiMsA hI hai / jaina darzana kI utkRSTatA kA eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki yaha kisI eka AtmA vizeSa ko paramAtmA kI saMjJA dekara kartRtva se nahIM jor3atA, apitu samasta AtmAoM ko paramAtmA kI tulyatA pradAna karatA hai / AtmA aura paramAtmA kA antara yahI hai ki eka kI zakti prakaTa hai aura dUsare kI aprakaTa / jisakI zakti prakaTa ho cukI hai, vaha paramAtmA hai / jisakI zakti prakaTa nahIM huI hai, vaha bhI usI zakti kA svAmI hai aura prabala puruSArtha dvArA use prakaTa kara vaha paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| una paramAtmA dvArA prarUpita jaina vicAra dharma bhI hai aura darzana bhI / AcAra sUkSma vyAkhyA ke kAraNa yaha dharma hai aura anya vicAra paddhati kA virodha kiye binA AtmAnubhUta satya-tathyoM ke kramabaddha aura yuktiyukta vizleSaNa ke kAraNa darzana bhI hai| 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina darzana kA carama lakSya AtmAnanda kI upalabdhi hai aura vaha AtmAnanda mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika zuddhatA dvArA hI upalabdha hotA hai| vicAroM kI udAratA aura AcAra kI pavitratA hI vAstavika ahiMsA hai; aura isI nIMva para jaina darzana kA bhavya prAsAda zobhAyamAna hai| sahiSNutA evaM AcAragata ahiMsA sRSTi ke lie udAharaNa svarUpa hai / bhASA, rasma-o-rivAja, jIvanapaddhati aura AcAra paddhati kI vibhinnatA bhI yahA~ ke janamAnasa ko 'bhAratIya' ekatA meM bAMdhe hue hai| bhArata meM tattvajJAna samIkSAtmaka rahA hai| sabhI dArzanikoM ne apane-apane stara para aneka viSayoM para ciMtana kiyaa| Izvara jaise viSaya para bhI mukta ciMtana huaa| bauddha aura jaina saMpradAyoM ne Izvara ko karttA yA sRSTi ke hetu bhUta mAnane meM asvIkRti dete hue koI saMkoca nahIM kiyaa| bhautikavAdI cArvAka ne to Izvara ko nakAra hI diyaa| vicAroM ke vikAsa evaM abhivyakti meM bhAratIya tattvajJAna jitanA udAra hai, anya dezoM meM zAyada hI isakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| bhAratIya darzana paddhati kI vizeSatAH____ bhAratIya darzana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakI koI maMjila hai| yadyapi bhAratIya darzana para nirAzAvAdI hone kA Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai, parantu yaha bhrama mAtra hai, kyoMki bhAratIya darzana duHkhoM kA vivecana mAtra karake hI nahIM raha jAtA, apitu duHkhamukti kA mArga bhI batAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana paddhati janatA kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti karatI hai| Adhi-vyAdhi pUrita dainika jIvana se haTakara mAtra kalpanAoM kI duniyA meM vicaraNa karanA, bhAratIya dArzanika paramparA ko asvIkArya hai| rAga-dveSa rahita isa prakAra kA jIvana jInA jisase sthAyI aura akSaya sukha upalabdha ho, yahA~ ke dArzanikoM kI pahacAna hai| vyAsa evaM vijJAnabhikSu kA yaha kathana satya hai ki jisa prakAra cikitsAzAstra roga, roganidAna, Arogya tathA bhaiSajya, ina cAra tathyoM ke yathArtha nirUpaNa kI pravRtti apanAtA hai usI prakAra adhyAtmazAstra bhI duHkha, duHkha hetu, mokSa evaM mokSa ke upAya batAtA hai|' 1. bhAratIya darzanaH baladeva upAdhyAya pR. 11 2. yathA cikitsAzAstraM caturmyaham-rogI, rogahetuH ArogyaM bheSajamiti / tadipamapi zAstraM caturmyaham / tad yathA-saMsAraH mokSaH mokSopAyaH iti / - vyAsabhASya, 2.15; sAMkhyapravacanabhASya, pR. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhinna-bhinna vicAradhArAoM meM ekatA evaM sAmaMjasyaH svayaM ke evaM sRSTi ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie bhAratIya urvarA bhUmi para vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke madhya bhI kucha aise tattva haiM jo ekatA kI anugUMja ko prakhara karate haiN| meksamUlara ne vibhinna darzanoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt yaha niSkarSa nikAlA ki 'darzana' kI paraspara bhinnatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka aise dArzanika jJAna kA bhaMDAra hai jise hama rASTrIya yA sarvamAnya darzana kaha sakate haiM evaM jisakI tulanA hama usa mAnasarovara se kara sakate haiM jo yadyapi sudUra prAcIna kAla rUpI dizA meM avasthita thA, to bhI usameM se pratyeka vicAra ko apane upayoga ke lie sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI thii| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra ekAntavAdI samasta vicAradhArAe~ asatya aura mithyA haiM, parantu jaba vahI sApekSa rUpa se pratipAdita kI jAtI haiM to satya bana jAtI haiM, ise hI unhoMne syAdvAda kahA hai| isa prakAra se syAdvAda siddhAnta dvArA jaina dArzanikoM ne samasta darzanoM kI grAhyatA evaM upayogitA spaSTa kI hai| isa deza ke vicArakoM kI utkRSTatA ke kAraNa hI manu ne kahA ki saMpUrNa saMsAra ne bhAratIya dharA para avatarita cAritrikoM se caritra kI zikSA lii| ___ mUlarUpa se chaha vicAradhArAoM kA astitva AcArya haribhadrasUri ne svIkAra kiyA hai-bauddha, nyAya, sAMkhya, jaina, vaizeSika evaM miimaaNsk| DaoN.rAdhAkRSNan kA mata kucha bhinna haiM ve apane 'bhAratIya darzana' meM ina chaha darzanoM ko svIkAra karate haiM- nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttrmiimaaNsaa| bhAratIya vicAraka yadyapi darzana meM pravRtta hotA hai saMsAra kI duHkhamaya pravRtti dekhakara hI, parantu vaha nirAzA yA kuNThA se hatAza hokara cupacApa nahIM baiTha jAtA, 3. maiksamUlara,-siksa sisTams oNpha iNDiyana philaoNsaoNphI, pR.17 4. sarvadarzanasaMmata....samIcInAmaMcati |-ssrshnsmuccy, TIkA1.4; syAdvAdaH....heyAdeya vizeSakaH, -AptamImAMsA, 10:104; tattvArtha zlokavArtika, pRSTha 136, nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 3, evaM - ratnakarAvatArikA pR. 15 5. etaddezaprasUtasya sakAzAdagrajanmanaH / __ svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran pRthivyAM srvmaanvaaH| - manusmRti 2.10 6. bauddhanaiyAyika....mamUnyahI / - SaDdarzanasamuccaya 3 7..DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan : bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 2, pRSTha 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pratyuta Age bar3hatA hai / sAMkhyakArikA ke Arambha meM vicArazAstra kI pravRtti kA yahI kAraNa batAyA hai| jaina darzana ne dravyoM kA vivecana evaM unheM samajhane kA kAraNa isI duHkha-nivRtti ko batAyA hai| ataH hama niHsaMkoca kaha sakate haiM ki darzana kI upayogitA mAtra varNanAtmaka hI nahIM, apitu AcArAtmaka bhI hai, kyoMki mAtra jJAna ke dvArA hI duHkha se mukti nahIM hotI, apitu usake lie ratnatrayarUpa jJAna, darzana aura cAritra tInoM Avazyaka haiN|10 . __ yaha spaSTa rUpa se pratIta hotA hai ki bhArata meM darzana aura dharma alaga-alaga tattva nahIM hai / darzanazAstra kI kasauTI para kasA jAne vAlA tattva dhArmika kSetra meM pratiSThita hotA hai| isI kAraNa bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA mukhya tattva banA kyoMki heya aura upAdeya kA jJAna prApta karane kI yogyatA AtmA meM hI pAyI jAtI hai / 11 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM AtmA ko sarvapriya tattva kahA gayA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM to AtmA ko brahma kahA hai / 13 muNDakopaniSad meM usa vidyA ko zreSThatama batAyA gayA hai jo brahmavidyA se anuprANita ho| yuddha kSetra meM arjuna kI apanI vibhUtiyoM ke virAT svarUpa ke bAre meM batAte hue zrIkRSNa ne samasta vidyAoM meM adhyAtmavidyA ko utkRSTatama vidyA batAyA hai|5, bhArata meM darzanazAstra lokapriya rahA hai aura usakI lokapriyatA kA kAraNa yadi AcAra aura vicAra donoM se isakA anusyUta honA kahA jAye to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| yadi bhAratIya darzana ne mAtra duHkhoM kA vivecana hI kiyA hotA to hama kaha sakate the ki yaha eka nirAzAvAdI vicArapaddhati hai parantu isane to pUrNa samAdhAna kA mArga bhI prazasta kiyA hai; aura yahI nahIM ki mAtra kucha AtmAe~ hI sthAyI 8. duHkhatrayAbhighAtAjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau| - sAMkhyakArikA, kA. 1 9. evaM pavayaNasAraM, paMcatthiyasaMgahaM viyaannintaa| ___jo muyadi rAresi, so gArhAda dukkhaparimokkhaM / pa.kA. 103 10. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritraNi mokssmaargH| -tattvArthasUtra 1.1 11. yasyaivAmUrtasyAtmanaH.....viSayAtmakena nirantaraM dhyAtavyaH / -bR.u.saM. 12. bRhAdAraNyakopaniSad 2.1.5 13. taittirIyopaniSad 1.5 14. sa brahmavidyAM sarvavidhApratiSThAmatharvAya jyeSThaputrAya aah|- muNDakopaniSad 1.1 15. adhyAtmavidyA vidyAnAM....pravadatAmaham |-giitaa 10.32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sukha zAMti upalabdha kara sakatI haiM, apitu jo bhI AtmA jJAna, darzana aura saMyamamaya hotI hai, vaha nirvANa yA mokSa ke asIma aura akSaya AnaMda ko prApta kara sakatI hai|16 - dhArmika evaM dArzanika udAratA ke kAraNa hI bhAratIya darzana niraMtara panapatA rahA / aura yahI vaicArika udAratA evaM AcAra dvArA lakSya prApti kA AzvAsana, isakI vizeSatA evaM mahattA ko pratipAdita karatI hai| jahA~ bhAratIya darzana saMsAra se mukti yA duHkha se mukti ke vicAra aura paddhati para pratiSThita hai, vahIM pAzcAtya vicArapaddhati ke vikAsa ke dUsare (sAMsArika) kAraNa haiN| pAzcAtya darzana kI vizeSatA evaM paddhatiH liTI kI yaha sarvaprasiddha ukti hai ki darzana kA janma Azcarya se hotA hai / 7 pAzcAtya darzana ke itihAsa meM yaha bAta spaSTa jhalakatI hai ki unake jIvana kA lakSya nAma ke AdhAra para prajJAvAn yA buddhimAn honA hI hai| kucha hI apavAda mila sakate haiM jinhoMne AcaraNa zuddhi tathA mana kI parizuddhatA ke AdhAra para parama sattA ke sAkSAtkAra ko apanA uddezya aura Adarza mAnA hai; aura yaha Adarza bhI prAcya hai na ki pAzcAtya / pAzcAtya vidvAn to AcaraNa kI apekSA jJAna para adhika jora dete haiM / 19 briTena ke vizvavikhyAta rasela ke anusAra darzana kA apanA koI adhikAra kSetra nahIM hai; vaha dharma evaM vijJAna ke mahatva kI vastu hai| rasela ke anusAra vijJAna evaM dharmazAstra ke adhikAra kSetra ke madhya eka aisI anAtha athavA vivAdAspada bhUmi (No man's Land) hotI hai jisake Upara nitya hI donoM 16. saMpajadi NivvANaM....dasaNaNANappahANAdI / pra.sA.6 17. philaoNsaphI biginsa ina vNddr| - DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan : bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2, pR.9 18. yAkUba masIha : pAzcAtya Adhunika darzana kI samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA kA viSaya praveza, pR.1 19. vhii| 20. baTreNDa raselaH hisTrI oNpha vesTarna philaoNsAphI inTroDakzana, pR. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ora se AkramaNa hote rahate haiM; yahI vivAdAspada bhUmi darzanazAstra hai| 21 darzana zabda kI vyutpatti evaM usakA artha :.'darzana' zabda ke tIna artha sabhI darzanoM meM prasiddha haiM- (1) vyavahArabhASA meM ghaTadarzana Adi, arthAt cAkSuSajJAna ke artha meM, (2) AtmA ityAdi tattvoM ke sAkSAtkAra ke artha meM evaM (3) nyAya, sAMkhya Adi nizcita vicArasaraNI ke artha meM 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga sarvasammata hai| parantu jaina darzana meM 'darzana' zabda kA jo pracalita artha hai vaha anya sthAnoM para upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jaina paramparA meM zraddhA ke artha meM 'darzana' zabda kA prayoga prApta hotA hai| isI taraha vastu ke nirvizeSa sattAmAtra ke bodha ko bhI darzana kahA jAtA hai| darzana cAhe cAkSuSa ho, acAkSuSa ho yA Avadhika, darzana mAtra darzana hotA hai, vaha na samyag hotA hai aura na mithyaa| ise siddhasena ne bhI sUcita kiyA hai| 24 zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI saMpradAya darzana ko tArkika rUpa se pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| mANikyanaMdI ne na kevala darzana ko pramANabAhya kahA, apitu use pramANAbhAsa bhI kahA hai / 25 vAdidevasUri ne apane pramANanayatattvAloka grantha meM bhI yahI bAta kI hai|26 ____ yadyapi abhayadevasUri ne darzana ko pramANa kahA hai, parantu use tArkika dRSTikoNa se nahIM, apitu Agamika dRSTi kI mukhyatA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue samyagdarzana ke artha meM kahA hai / 27 paMDita sukhalAlajI ne darzana ke 'sAkSAtkAra' artha kI apekSA 'sabala pratIti' artha para bala diyA hai| kyoMki agara 'sAkSAtkAra' artha kareM to vibhinna dArzanikoM ke matabheda nahIM hone caahie| sAkSAtkAra ke yogya punarjanma, usakA 21. jagadIza sahAya zrIvAstava: grIka evaM madhyayugIna darzana kA vaijJAnika itihAsa, 1.1 22. tattvArthazraddhAnaM smygdrshnm| - tattvArthasUtra, 1.2 23. viSayaviSayisannipAtAntarasamudbhUtasattAmAtrAgocaradarzanAt / - pramANanaya, 2.7 .. 24. "atra ca yathA sAMkAraddhAyAM samyagmithyAdRSTyorvizeSaH, naivamastidarzane, anAkAratve ubhayorapi tulytvaadityrthH|" - tatvArthabhA., TIkA 2.9 25. parIkSAmukha 6.2 26. ajJAnAtmakAnAtma...... yathA sannikarSA..... dhyavasAyA iti |-prmaann. 6.24, 25 27. sanmati TI. pR. 457 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kAraNa, punarjanmagrAhI koI tattva evaM punarjanma ke kAraNoM kA uccheda, ye cAra prameya hI sAkSAtkAra ke viSaya mAne jA sakate haiN| ina pramukha prameya tattvoM ke vizeSa svarUpa ke viSaya meM evaM inake vistRta maMthana-ciMtana meM pramukha darzanoM kA kabhI to itanA virodha aura matabheda dekhA jatA hai ki taTastha tattvonveSI asamaMjasa meM par3a jAtA hai| isa pravRti ko dekhate hue isakA adhika upayukta artha 'sabala pratIti' jaina darzana meM isakA dUsarA artha hai 'sAmAnyabodha', jise anAkAra upayoga bhI kahate haiN| zvetAmbara-digambara donoM mAnyatAoM meM 'anAkAra' zabda jyAdA pracalita hai| liGgasApekSa upayoga yA bodha to jJAna hai aura liGganirapekSa sAkSAt hone vAlA bodha anAkAra yA darzana hai| yaha to eka mata hai, dUsarA mata yaha bhI hai ki jo mAtra vartamAnagrAhI bo hai, vaha darzana hai aura jo trikAlagrAhI bodha hai, vaha jJAna hai| 29 pracalita bhASAvyavahAra meM 'darzana', 'dArzanika', 'darzanasAhitya' Adi jo zabda prayukta hote haiM, ve tattvavidyA se saMbaMdhita haiN| - 'darzana' zabda kA vyutpattilabhya artha hai - "dRzyate anena iti darzanam', vastu ke satya svarUpa kA jahA~ avalokana hI ciMtana ho vaha darzana hai| hama kauna haiM, kahA~ se Aye haiM aura hamArA kyA lakSya hai, yaha ciMtana jagat kI hI dena hai / darzana ke ina ciMtana binduoM ke bIja prAcInatama zAstra AcArAMga meM spaSTatayA prApta hote haiM / 30 darzana zabda kI philosophI se tulanAH... pAzcAtya vicArazAstra kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'philaoNsophI' hai| yaha zabda do zabdoM ke mizraNa se banA hai- 'philAsa' arthAt, prema yA anurAga aura 'sophiyA' arthAt vidyA / isa zabda kA pracalana sarvaprathama grIsa deza meM huaa| isa saMyukta zabda ke artha se hameM pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM saralatA AtI hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika vidyAnurAgI yA prajJAvAn bananA cAhatA hai| pratyeka meM chAnabIna karake manamAnI kalpanA karane ke lie pazcima jagat vikhyAta hai| 28. paM. sukhalAlajI : darzana aura ciMtana pR. 67, 68 29. tattvArthabhASya TIkA 2.9 30. AcArAMga 1.1.2 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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pazcima kA dArzanika usa nAvika ke samAna hai jo kisI gantavya sthala kA nirdhAraNa kiye binA apanI naukA vicAra-sAgara meM tairane ke lie chor3a detA hai| agara nAva ghATa para laga jAye to bhI Ananda, aura na lage to bhI aanNd|31 bhAratIya dArzanika lakSya kA nirdhAraNa karake ciMtana ke sAgara meM utaratA hai, aura isake phalasvarUpa mukti-maMjila svarUpa Atmazuddhi kA motI use avazya hAtha lagatA hai|32 . pazcima meM dharma se bhinna darzana chaTThI zatAbdI pUrva yUnAna meM prAraMbha huaa| lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa taka vicaraNa karatA huA darzana eka bAra phira IsAI dharma meM nimagna haa| pA~cavIM zatAbdI se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kA samaya darzana kA aMdhakAramaya yuga kahalAtA hai, kyoMki isa kAlakhaNDa meM darzana IsAI dharma kA dAsa rhaa|33 bhArata meM isa prakAra kI haThadharmitA kabhI nahIM rhii| zrI haipana ke anusAra "bhArata meM dharma kI rUr3hi yA haThadharmitA kA svarUpa kabhI prApta nahIM rahA; varan yaha mAnavIya vyavahAra kI aisI kriyAtmaka parikalpanA hai,jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM aura avasthAoM meM apane Apako anukUla banA detI dArzanika ke mApadaMDa evaM usakI vizeSatAeM:- . satyAnveSI ko apanA anveSaNa prArambha karane se pUrva apekSita yogyatA ko avazya arjita karanA par3atA hai| (a) satyAnveSI meM jijJAsupravRtti avazya honI caahie| jisase vaha prakaTa rUpa meM asaMbaddha sAmagrI ke samUha se satya svarUpa ko DhU~Dhakara nikAla ske| (ba) vaha ekAgratA se kisI viSaya se jur3akara avicalita mana se viSaya kI taha meM jAye / (ka) karmaphala kI AkAMkSArahita pravRtti; usakA lakSya phalaprApti nahIM honA cAhie, apitu usakA ekamAtra lakSya anveSaNa hI 31. baladeva upAdhyAyaH bhAratIya darzana, upodvAta, pR. 5 32. prvcnbhktishrutsNpddhrmaa....jnkaani| -prazamarati 141 33. grIka evaM madhyayu. darzanoM kA vai. ciMtana jagadIza. 1.2 34. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 1, pR. 21 se uddhRta For Personal & Private Use Only

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honA caahie| (Da) usakI dRSTi pUrvAgraha se rahita evaM taTastha honI caahie| (iM) usakA apanA antarmana pUrNarUpeNa prazikSita honA caahie| usameM zAnti, dhairya, AtmasaMyama, tyAga aura zraddhA kA honA anivArya hai| use sAMsArika AkarSaNa evaM pralobhanoM se avicalita rahanA caahie| (I) usameM mumukSuvRtti (AdhyAtmikavRtti) ke pUrNa samarpaNa kA bhAva honA caahie| (u) lakSya prApti aura usake samIpa pahu~cane kI prabala AkAMkSA mAtra hI avazeSa rahanA / 35 aise dArzanika hI bhAratIya janamana ke zraddhAspada evaM viziSTa sammAnanIya bana sakate haiN| bhAratIya saMskRti va sabhyatA kI saphalatA kA kAraNa yahI hai ki ina dArzanikoM kA saMpUrNa ciMtana upadezoM ke rUpa meM parahita ke lie sadaiva barasatA rhaa| Astika evaM nAstika do prakAra kI vicAra paddhati : hama pUrva meM hI spaSTa kara Aye haiM ki bhAratIya vicArapaddhati sadA se hI udAra evaM sahiSNu rahI hai| mukhya rUpa se yahA~ dArzanika jagat meM do vicAradhArAe~ pracalita haiM, Astika evaM nAstika / sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA meM Izvara meM zraddhA, AsthA rakhane vAle darzana ko Astika evaM zraddhA na rakhanevAle ko nAstika kahate __ pANinI ne isakI zAstrIya vyAkhyA apanI aSTAdhyAyI meM isa prakAra kI hai| "asti paraloke matiryasya sa aastikH|" arthAt Astika vaha hai jisakI paraloka meM AsthA ho / 'Astika', 'nAstika' tathA 'daiSTika' zabdoM kI siddhi "astinAstidiSTaM matiH" (4.4.60) sUtra se Thak pratyaya dvArA hotI hai| pANinI kI isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra jaina aura bauddha darzana bhI Astika darzana ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho jAte haiN| .parantu manu ne Astika aura nAstika kI vyAkhyA alaga prakAra se kI hai| manu ke anusAra Astika vaha hai jo veda kI prAmANikatA meM vizvAsa kare aura . nAstika vaha hai jo veda meM vizvAsa na kre| ... ... parantu niSpakSa aura taTastha dRSTikoNa se dekhA jAye to mAtra cArvAka darzana hI nAstika darzana kI koTi meM AtA hai| jaina darzana loka-paraloka evaM Izvara 35. vedAnta darzana, zAMkarabhASya 1.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jise vaha paramAtmA yA arhat bhI kahatA hai, ko mAnatA hai| ata: jaina darzana ko nAstika kahanA yuktiviruddha hai / ise hama Age spaSTa kreNge| jaisA ki hama pahale hI likha Aye haiM ki bhArata meM chaH mukhya darzana haiM aura unameM jaina darzana kI bhI parigaNanA hotI hai| aba bhAratIya darzanoM ke sandarbha meM jaina darzana kA kyA sthAna hai, isakI vivecanA kreNge| bhAratIya darzana meM jaina darzana kI prAcInatA : kucha samaya pUrva taka jaina darzana ke bAre meM isa prakAra kI dhAraNA vyApta thI ki yaha svatantra darzana na hokara bauddha darzana kI zAkhA mAtra hai| kucha ne ise hindU dharma ke antargata bhI batAyA, parantu taTastha anusaMdhAna ke kAraNa aba yaha dhAraNA khaMDa-khaMDa ho gayI hai| yaha bhI siddha ho cukA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra yA prabhu pArzva isake saMsthApaka nahIM haiM, apitu yaha jaina darzana to prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita hai| DaoN. yAkobI ke anusAra pArzvanAtha jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM the| jaina paramparA RSabhadeva ko isa dharma kA pravartaka mAnatI hai aura isake pramANa bhI haiN|36 ____DaoN. sara rAdhAkRSNan ise aura adhika pRSTa karate haiN| unake anusAra jaina paramparA RSabhadeva se apanI utpatti hone kA kathana karatI hai jo bahuta zatAbdiyoM pUrva hue the| isa bAta ke pramANa bhI upalabdha hote haiM ki IsvIpUrva prathama zatAbdI meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA hotI thii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaina dharma pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra se pUrva bhI pracalita thaa| yajurveda meM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha aura ariSTanemi ke nAma upalabdha hote haiN| bhAgavata purANa bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karatA hai ki RSabhadeva jaina dharma ke saMsthApaka the| DaoN. sara rAdhAkRSNan kA uparyukta abhiprAya nimnaMkita hai "There is evidence to show that so far back as the first century B.C., there were people who were worshiping Rishabhadeva, the first 36 There is nothing to prore that Parshva was the founder of Jainism. Jain tradition in unanimous in making Rishabha the first. Tirthankara (as its founder), there may be something historical in the tradition which makes him the first Tirthankara. - Indian Antiquary, Vol IX, P.163 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Tirthankara. There is no doubt that Jainism prevailed even before Vardhamana or Parshvanath. The Yajurveda menitons the names of three Tirthankaras-Rishabha, Ajitnath and Aristanemi. The Bhagavata Puran endorses the view that Rishabha was the founder of Jainism-Indian Philosophy, Vol. I.P. 287 ina anusaMdhAnaparaka tatthoM dvArA yaha pramANita hone ke kAraNa Aja vizva ke kSitija para jaina darzana kI prAcInatA meM koI saMdeha nahIM karatA / sAtha hI jaina darzana vijJAnasammata niyama nirdhAraNa ke kAraNa vizvadharma banane kI kSamatA se otaprota hai| jaina darzana kI samasta dhAraNAe~ vaijJAnika haiM, ise hame agale adhyAyoM meM vicalita kreNge| jaina darzana meM svIkRta dravyaH- . darzana Adi kI AMzika parantu anivArya bhUmikA spaSTa karane ke pazcAt hama apane mUla viSaya para dRSTipAta karate haiN| yahA~ 'vivecya hai- dravya evaM usakA svarUpa' / sarvaprathama hama yaha dekhane kA prayAsa kareMge ki jaina darzana meM 'dravya' zabda kina-kina arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| prAkRta kA 'davva', pAli kA 'dabba' aura saMskRta kA dravya' zabda atyanta prAcIna hai / yadyapi lokavyavahAra meM tathA kAvya, vyAkaraNa, darzana Adi zAstroM meM bhinna-bhinna sandarbho meM 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga prAcIna evaM bahuta rUr3ha jAna par3hatA hai tathApi.jaina paripATI meM 'dravya' zabda anya zAstroM kI apekSA aneka arthoM meM bhinna bhI pratIta hotA hai| nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva, ina nikSepoM ke prasaMga meM 38; dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke prasaMga meM 39; dravyArthika evaM paryAyArthika naya ke viSaya meM 40; dravyAcArya evaM bhAvAcArya meM evaM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke prasaMga meM Ane vAlA dravya zabda viziSTa arthayukta hai| .37. paM. sukhalAlajI : darzana aura ciMtana, pR. 143 38. naam-sthaapnaa-drvy-bhaavtstnnaasH|-tttvaarthsuutr 1.5 39. davvAiM, khetao..... bhAvao vnnnnmNtaaii| - bha. 2.1.4 40. dravyAstikaM.... paryAyAstikam / - tattvArthabhASya, 5.31 41. paMcAzaka-6 42. dravyakarmaNa evaM kartA....bhAvakarmaNa / pra.sA.tA.vR. 122 For Personal & Private Use Only

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- vizva ke maulika padArthoM ke artha meM bhI 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / vaha tattva jo svabhAva kA tyAga kiye binA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta ho, jaina darzana kA 'dravya' zabda kA vAcya hai| jaina darzana kI taraha anya darzanoM meM bhI 'dravya' zabda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| nyAya, vaizeSika Adi darzanoM meM 'dravya' zabda guNakarmAdhAra artha meM prasiddha hai|" pRthvI, jala, teja Adi nau dravya haiN| mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali ne bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para 'dravya' zabda ke artha kI carcA kI hai / unhoMne eka sthAna para kahA hai ki ghar3e ko tor3akara kuNDI aura kuNDI ko tor3akara ghar3A banAyA jAtA hai| bhinnabhinna alaMkAroM ko tor3akara bhinna-bhinna alaMkAra banAye jAte haiM, parantu usameM rahane vAlA suvarNa tattva nitya rahatA hai / bhinna-bhinna AkRtiyoM meM sthira rahane vAlA yaha tattva hI 'dravya' zabda se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai|5 'yogasUtra' ke vyAsabhASya meM 'dravya' kI yaha paribhASA jyoM kI tyoM upalabdha hotI hai| - mImAMsaka kumArila ne bhI 'dravya' zabda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| pataJjali ne dUsarI jagaha guNasamudAya yA guNa sadbhAva ko dravya kahA hai|488 mahAbhASyaprasiddha evaM bAda meM vyAsa Adi dvArA samarthita ye sArI vyAkhyAe~ jaina dArzanika vAcaka umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha hotI haiN|9 . 'dravya' zabda kA niruktilabhya artha: vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se paramparA meM prayukta pAribhASika 'dravya' zabda kA vizeSa artha evaM usakI vyAkhyA ko nimnAMkita prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai:43. apariccata......davvaMti vuccaMti / - sa.sA. 95 44. vai-sU. 1.1.15 45. dravyaM nityamAkRtiranityA...suvarNaM kadAcidAkRtyA....piNDAkRtimupamarca rucakAH ____ kriyate.......AkRtyupamardaina dravyamevAvaziSyate / -pAtaJjala mahAbhASya, 1.1. 46. yogabhASya, 4.13 47. vardhamAnakamaGge ca....hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM na nAzena vikArI / sAmAnyanityatA, mImAMsA zloka vArtika 21.23 48. pAtaJjala mahAbhASya 4.1.3, 5.1.119 49. tattvArthasUtra, 5.29, 30.37 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anusAra : 'dravya' zabda 'dru' zabda se 'yat' pratyaya kA vidhAna karane para vyutpanna hotA hai; yahA~ para 'yat' pratyaya ivArthaka hai; aura 'dravya' zabda yatpratyayAnta nipAtita mAnanA caahiye| 'dravya bhavye' (4.1.158), jainendra vyAkaraNa ke isa sUtra ke anusAra jo 'dru' kI taraha ho use 'dravya' samajhanA / jisa prakAra binA gA~Tha kI lakar3I bar3haI Adi ke nimitta se Tebala, kursI Adi aneka AkAroM ko prApta hotI hai, usI taraha dravya bhI bAhya va Abhyantara kAraNoM se una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai, jaise pASANa khodane se pAnI nikalatA hai / yahA~ avibhakta kartRkaraNa hai, usI prakAra dravya aura paryAya meM bhI samajhanA cAhiye / 5deg paMcAstikAya ke anusAra : una-una sadrAva paryAyoM ko jo tattva dravita hotA hai, prApta hotA hai use dravya kahate haiM, jo sattA se ananya bhUta hai / 51 sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra : (1) jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA gayA thA athavA guNoM ko prApta huA thA; jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAyegA yA guNoM ko prApta hogA, use dravya kahate haiM / 52 (2) jo yathAyogya apanI-apanI paryAyoM ke dvArA prApta hote haiM yA paryAyoM ko prApta hote haiM, ve dravya kahalAte haiM / 53 paMcAstikAya kA anusaraNa karatI vyAkhyA rAjavArtika meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai / 54 aneka paryAyAvAcI zabdoM ke dvArA abhihita dravyaH utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvya svabhAva yukta nitya pariNamanazIla artha meM prayukta hone 50. "athavA 'dravyaM bhavye' (jainendra vyAkaraNa - 4. 1. 158), ityanena nipAtito..... tena tena paryAyeNa dru iva bhavatIti dravyamityupamIyate / " rAjavArtika, 5.2.2.436.26 51. daviyadi gacchadi tAiM tAiM savbhAvapajjayAI / jaM daviyaM taM bhaNNate, aNaNbhUdaM tu sattAdI / / paM. kA. 9 52. guNairguNAnvA drutaM gataM guNairdroSyate, guNondroSatIti vA dravyam - sarvArthasiddhi, 1.5.17.5 53. yathAsvaM paryAyaidryante dravanti vA tAni iti dravyANi / - sarvArthasiddhi 5.2.266.10 54. rAjavArtiraka, 1.33.1.95.4 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vAle isa 'dravya' zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiM / sattA, sat athavA sattva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha aura vidhi, ye nau zabda sAmAnya. rUpa se eka dravya rUpa artha ke vAcaka haiN|55 dravya ke artha sAmAnya, utsarga aura anuvRtti haiM / 56 parantu adhika pracalita artha, dravya, sat athavA bhAva hai| dravya kI parikalpanA kA kAraNa:___hameM yaha sahaja jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki dravya kI parikalpanA kyoM kI gayI? isake samAdhAna meM hameM yahI tarka prApta hotA hai ki sRSTi kI vyAkhyA ko samajhane ke liye 'dravya' zabda kI kalpanA huI hogii| 'sRSTi dravyamaya hai'; hamAre sAmane jar3a-cetana jo kucha hai, vaha saba dravya hai| ___ anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI 'dravya' zabda prayukta huA hai jisakA vistArapUrvaka vivecana Age ke pRSThoM meM hai| jaina darzana kA dravya hI upaniSad kA sat hai evaM jaina darzana meM bhI 'sat' aura 'dravya' paryAyavAcI haiN| sAMkhya puruSa-prakRti ke artha meM, cArvAka bhUtacatuSTaya ke artha meM aura nyAya-vaizeSika paramANuvAda ke artha meM 'dravya' zabda ko grahaNa karate haiN| . bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vibhinna mataH- . ___vividhatA aura viziSTatA se bharapUra yaha raMgabiraMgI sRSTi aneka dArzanikoM ke ciMtana kA viSaya rahI hai| unake lakSya evaM uddezya meM bhinnatA ho sakatI hai| unake jaise tattvajJa saMta isa sRSTi kI taha meM isaliye jAnA cAhate haiM jisase isakA vAstavika svarUpa pahacAnakara usake prati virakta baneM evaM anya ko bhI nivRtti kA mArga prarUpita kara skeN| ____ dArzanika mAtra apanI antarnadI meM uphanatI jijJAsAoM ko samAhita karane hetu ise jAnanA cAhatA hai / matoM kI isa bhinnatA ne jahA~ eka ora udAravAda kA paricaya diyA, vahIM dUsarI ora avadhAraNAe~ bhinna-bhinna banatI gii| sRSTi ke 55. sattA satvaM sadvA sAmAnyaM dravyamanvayo vstu| ___ artho vidhiravizeSA ekArthavAcakA amI shbdaaH| -paM. dha. pu.-143 56. dravyaM sAmAnyamutsarga anuvRttirityarthaH / - sa. si. 1.33.2411. 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prazna para bhI aneka avadhAraNAe~ bniiN| Age ke kucha anucchedoM meM dravyoM evaM sRSTi ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna dArzanika matoM ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / upaniSad ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi: -- sarvaprathama yahA~ asat thA, isa asat se sat kI utpatti huI / 57 kucha RSiyoM ke mata meM asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / sarvaprathama sat hI thA, usane socA "maiM aneka hoUM" aura sat kI isI kalpanA se sRSTi kA nirmANa huA / 58 upaniSad AtmA aura brahma ko abhinna mAnatA hai / "yaha saba brahma hI hai aura AtmA hI brahma hai / 59 caMdramA aura sUrya brahmA kI A~kheM, aMtarikSa aura dizAe~ zrotra aura vAyu isakA ucchvAsa hai / 60 taittirIya upaniSad meM brahma kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra batAyI gayI hai - "vaha jisase samasta bhUtoM kI utpatti huI aura utpanna hone ke pazcAt jIvana ko dhAraNa karate haiM, mRtyu ke bAda ve sAre brahma meM hI samA jAte haiM / 1 eka mata yaha bhI hai ki jisa prakAra bar3haI makAna Adi banAtA hai, brahmA ne bhI usI prakAra se sRSTi banAyI hai / yahA~ prazna yaha hotA hai ki jaba brahmA ne saMsAra banAyA to banAne kI sAmagrI use kahA~ se upalabdha huI? isakA uttara Age jAkara yaha diyA gayA ki brahma hI vaha vRkSa evaM kaSTha hai jisase dyuloka evaM pRthvI kA nirmANa huA / 62 isa prakAra sRSTi ke saMbandha meM upaniSadoM meM spaSTa vicAradhArA milatI haiM ki saMpUrNa cetana-acetana Izvara dvArA sarjita hai evaM vyaya yA vinAza hokara usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / 57. asata: sadajAyata / - chAndogya upaniSad 6.2.1 58. kutastu khalu saumya evaM syAditi hovAca kathamasataH sajjAyeteti / sattveva saumyedamaNu AsIt / ekamevAdvitIyam / tadaikSata bahu syAM prajAyeyeti / - chAndogyopaniSad 6.2.2 59. sarvaM hi etad brahma ayamAtyA brahma / - mANDUkyonipaniSad 60. muNDokapaniSad, 1.1 61. taittirIyopaniSad 3.16; taittirIya brAhmaNa, 10.31.7 62. taittirIya brAhmaNa 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bauddha mata meM dravya evaM sRSTiH mahAtmA buddha se jaba isa prakAra ke jIva-jagat viSayaka prazna kiye jAte the63, taba ve unheM avyAkRta kahakara mauna hI rahate the| buddha kahate the ye prazna na to arthayukta haiM, na hI dharmayukta / inakA jJAna na to brahmacarya ke lie Avazyaka hai aura na nirveda ke lie; inase na virAga hotA hai; na duHkhanirodha; na zAnti prApta hotI haiM na abhijJA; na saMbodhi prApta hotI hai aura na nirvANa, ataH inheM avyAkRta kahA hai|64 ... tathAgata Age kahate haiM "kucha zramaNa aura brAhmaNa zAzvatavAda ko mAnate haiM, kucha ucchedavAda ko, kucha aMzataH donoM ko mAnate haiN| ye saba inhIM praznoM meM ulajhakara raha jAte haiN| maiM bhI inako jAnatA hU~, pratyuta jyAdA jAnatA hU~, parantu jAnane kA abhimAna nahIM karatA, ataH tathAgata nirvANa kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN|" 65 : ... buddha ne Age yaha bhI kahA ki jo loka (saMsAra) Adi kA vivecana karate haiM kyA unhoMne usa loka kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai? agara nahIM, to kyA unakA vacana apramANika nahIM hogA?66 - buddha ne to yahA~ taka kahA ki jo ina avyAkRta praznoM meM ulajhakara raha jAtA hai vaha duHkha se mukta nahIM ho sktaa|67 nAgArjuna samagra vyAvahArika dhAraNAoM kI parIkSA karake yahI nirNaya lete haiM ki yaha saba kucha asatya hai; mAtra zUnyatA hI satya hai / 68 sAMkhya ke anusAra dravya evaM sRSTi:- . sAMkhya dvaitavAdI darzana hai, kyoMki yaha puruSa aura prakRti donoM kI sattA svIkAra karatA hai| isake anusAra 'kArya' kAraNa meM vidyamAna hotA hai| kAraNa kI 63. dIghanikAya, poTThapAdasutta, 9 64. dIghanikAya, poTTapAdasutta, 9 . . . 65. dIghanikAya, brahmajAlasutta, 1 . 66. dIghanikAya, poTThapAdasutta 67. majjhimanikAya 63, cUlabhAlukyasutta 64, dIghanikAya9 68. na svatI nAti paratI..... bhAvA kvacana kecana / - madhyamakArikA-11 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paribhASA karate hue sAMkhya kahatA hai ki kAraNa vaha sattA hai jisake aMdara kArya avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| isake lie vaha katipaya uktiyA~ bhI prastuta karatA hai| 69 abhAvAtmaka padArtha kisI bhI kriyA kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA; asat ko sat nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / nIle ko hajAroM kalAkAra bhI pIlA nahIM kara skte| sAMkhya isa sRSTi ko kisI buddhimAn kI racanA nahIM mAnatA, apitu vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki prakRti kA kArya-kalApa kisI sacetana ciMtana kA pariNAma nahIM hai| - buddhi rahita prakRti ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha vaise hI kArya karatI hai jaise vRkSa phaloM ko utpanna karate haiN| puruSa svayaM racanAtmaka zakti nahIM hai, parantu prakRti jo 'aneka rUpa vizva' ko utpanna karatI hai, vaha puruSa ke mArgadarzana evaM saMparka ke kAraNa hI karatI hai / isa siddhAnta ko laMgar3e aura aMdhe ke udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA haiN|73 sAMkhya ke anusAra sRSTi na yathArtha hai na ayathArtha, phira bhI varNanIya hai, kyoMki avarNanIya kI sattA nahIM hai| sAMkhya matAnusAra usakA na to astitva hai aura na hI mAtra vaicArika sattA / yaha jagat prakRti ke nitya rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai aura apane asthAyI parivartita rUpoM meM vilupta ho jAtA hai| yaha vikAsa aura vilaya kA cakra anAdi-anaMta hai| prakRti kA yaha nRtya mukti taka cAlU rahatA "rakA9 . 69. asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahAt sarvasambhavAbhAvAt / zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam |-saaNkhykaarikaar 70. nahi nIlaM zilpIsahastraNe pItaM kartuM zakyate / - tattva. kaumudI. 2.9 71. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, 3.31 72. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, vRtti, 2.1 73. puruSasya darzanArthaM kaivalyArthaM tathA pradhAnasya / -sAMkhyakArikA, 21 74. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, 5.54 75. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, 5.55 76. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, 1.42 77. sadasatkhyAtividhibAdhAt |-saaNkhyprvcnsuutr, 5.56 78. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra, 3.36 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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- sAMkhya kA sRSTi krama isa prakAra spaSTa hai-prakRti se mahat, mahat se ahaMkAra, ahaMkAra se mana, pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~, pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ evaM pA~ca mahAbhUta utpanna hote haiN| ye caubIsa tattva acetana haiM, phira bhI cetana puruSa ke prayojana ke liye pravRtta hote haiN| puruSa sRSTi vyApAra se alipta hai; na yaha vikRti hai, na prakRti / mUlaprakRti prakRti (avyakta) hai; mahat, ahaMkAra aura pA~ca tanmAtrAe~, ye prakRti-vikRti donoM haiN| mana, pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~ aura pA~ca mahAbhUta, ye solaha tattva mAtra vikRti haiM / 80 ... . . ___rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda, ye pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ haiM / ina pA~ca tanmAtrAoM se agni, jala, pRthvI, vAyu aura AkAza rUpa pA~ca mahAbhUtoM kI utpatti hotI nyAya-vaizeSika meM dravya va sRSTi: nyAya aura vaizeSika samAna tantra mAne jAte haiN| nyAya ke anusAra jagat kI sRSTi tathA saMhAra karane vAlA vyApaka, nitya, eka, sarvajJa tathA nityajJAnayukta ziva pRthvI, candra, sUrya, nadI, samudra Adi sabhI kisI buddhimAn dvArA nirmita haiM, kyoMki ye ghaTa-paTa kI taraha kArya haiM; aura jitane bhI kArya haiM, ve sAre kisI na kisI se nirmita haiN|83 . nyAya aura vaizeSika asatkAryavAdI mAne jAte haiN| vaizeSika paramANu ko jagat kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| isa jagata meM sAre padArtha utpatti-vinAzazIla haiM; nitya paramANuoM ke vibhinna saMyogoM se banate haiM aura viyoga se vinaSTa hote haiN| bhautika padArthoM ke avayavoM kA vibhAga bhI kiyA jAtA hai aura ina avayavoM ko punaH anya avayavoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, isa anavasthA se bacane ke liye 79. prakRtermahAMstato....paMca bhUtAni / -sAMkhyakArikA, 33 80. mUlaprakRtiravikRti.... vikRtiH purussH|-saaNkhykaarikaa, 3 81. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 40, sAMkhyakArikA, mATharavRtti, pR. 37 82. akSapAdamate samAzrayaH / -SaDdarzanasamuccaya, 16 . 83. yad yad kAryaM sattad bodhAdhArakAraNam..tasmAt bodhAdhArakAraNam |-prshstpaadbhaassy, pR. 302 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMtima avayava ko avibhAjya aura niravayava mAnanA hogA, aura aisA atIndriya nitya avibhAjya bhautika dravya paramANu hai / 84 paramANu cAra prakAra ke haiM- pArthiva, jalIya, taijasa Ara vAyavIya / AkAza eka aura nitya hai / prazastapAda ne apane bhASya meM ina paramANuoM se jagadutpatti kA suMdara vivecana kiyA hai|85 aNu pariNAma viziSTa paramANuoM se dvaNuka kI utpatti hotI hai / dvyaNuka kArya hone se anitya hai yadyapi vaha bhI aNuparamANuka hotA hai| tIna NakoM se jisa trasareNu kI utpatti hotI hai, vaha mahatparimANavAlA hotA hai / yahI indriyagocara hotA hai / paramANu kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai - chata ke cheda se sUrya kI kiraNoM meM jo choTe kaNa najara Ate haiM, ve trasareNu haiM aura usa trasareNu kA chaThA bhAga paramANu hai / 86 1 paramANu zAnta aura nispanda rahate haiM phira unameM spanda kaise hotA hai ? vaizeSika isakA kAraNa dharmAdharmarUpa adRSTa ko batAte haiM / jaise suI kI ayaskAMtamaNi meM gati", vRkSoM meM rasa kA nIce se Upara kI ora bar3hanA " hotA hai, vaise hI mana tathA paramANuoM kI pahalI kriyA adRSTa kI sahakAritA se Izvara kI icchA se paramANuoM spaMdana aura phira usase sRSTi kriyA mAnI gayI hai / 89 cArvAka meM dravya evaM sRSTi: bhAratIya darzana meM cArvAka darzana kA ullekha nAstika darzana meM hotA hai / vaha isa sRSTi kI racanA ko kisI vyakti vizeSa kI upalabdhi na mAnakara ise pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ke hI tattvacatuSTaya ke dvArA utpanna batAtA hai / jisa prakAra 84. nyAyabhASya 4.2.17 - 25.7; prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 19-22 85. prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 19-22 86. jAlAntaragate bhAnau, yat sUkSmaM dRzyate rajaH / tasya SaSThatamo bhAga: paramANu saH ucyate / - AptamImAMsA, pRSTha 20 se uddhRta - 87. maNigamanasUcyabhisarpaNamityadRSTakAraNam / - vaizeSikasUtra, 5.1.15 88. vRkSAbhisarpaNamityadRSTakAritam / - vaizeSikasUtra, 5.2.7 89. prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 20 90. pRthvI jalaM tathA... catuSTam / - SaDadarzana. 43; "zarIrendriyaviSayasaMjJebhya... / " - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pR. 115 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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mahuA Adi mAdaka sAmagrI ke saMyoga se viziSTa madazakti utpanna hotI hai, usI taraha bhUtacatuSTaya ke viziSTa saMyoga se caitanyazakti utpanna hotI hai| bhUta aura bhaviSya meM inakA vizvAsa nahIM hai| inakI prasiddha ukti hai"yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|" __isa prakAra loka (sRSTi) ke saMbandha meM anekoM mata haiN| isake vistRta vivecana ke liye hameM haribhadrasUri kRta 'lokatattva nirUpaNa' grantha dekhanA cAhiye / aba hama jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi ke saMbandha meM vivecana para dRSTipAta kreN| dravya va sRSTi ke saMbaMdha meM jaina darzana kI mAnyatA: jaina dArzanikoM ne jIvana se saMbaMdhita samasta pahaluoM para apanA dRSTikoNa spaSTa kiyA hai| cU~ki mAnava apanI samasta kriyAe~ saMsAra meM hI sampanna karatA hai to isa viSaya para jaina dArzanika mUka kaise raha sakate haiM ! bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama vinamra ziSya, "roha" ne samAdhAna kI prArthanA karate hue mahAvIra se nivedana kiyA"pahale loka huA athavA alok|" . __ bhagavAn ne usakI jijJAsA ko upazAMta karate hue kahA-roha! loka aura aloka, ye donoM anAdi haiM; inameM paurvAparya saMbandha saMbhava nahIM hai| isake lie unhoMne aNDe aura murgI kA udAharaNa bhI diyA jahA~ para hama rahate haiM vaha loka hai| loka meM AkAza, dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala aura jIva kI sahasthiti hI hai / 12 ___ dravya se paripUrNa isa sRSTi ko jaina darzana meM loka kahA jAtA hai| mahAvIra ne isa saMpUrNa sRSTi ko chaha dravyoM se parivyApta batAyA hai / jaina siddhAntoM ke prakAza meM abhedAtmaka apekSA se isa sRSTi ko dravyamaya evaM bhedAtmaka dRSTikoNa se SaDdravyamaya kahA jA sakatA hai|93 yaha vizva isa anantAnanta 'sat' kA virAT Agara hai aura akRtrima hai;" kisI vyakti vizeSa yA Izvara dvArA racita nahIM hai| mAdhyamikoM ke anusAra, "padArtha 91. bhagavatI sUtra 1.6 92. jIvA ceva AjIvA ya, asa loge viyhie| - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 36.2 93. dharmAdharmAkAza....dityAdiryathA |-prmaannn. 7.20 94. logo akiThimo khlu| -mUlAcAra 712 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ma eka hai aura na aneka / eka isalie nahIM kyoMki padArthoM meM vividhatA hai aura usa vividhatA ko siddha karane vAlA pramANa na hone ke kAraNa 'abhAvavaikAnta' kahanA ThIka hai|"95 .. jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi-ananta hai, usameM na to nayA utpAda hai aura na prApta sat kA vinAza hai / vaha mAtra paryAya parivartana karatA rahatA hai| ... na to asat se sat utpanna hotA hai aura na hI sat kA kabhI vinAza hotA hai| samasta sAdhana kI upalabdhatA meM bhI mRtpiMDa ke abhAva meM ghar3e kA utpAda nahIM hotA / 16 bhAva (dravya) mAtra guNa aura paryAya meM parivartana karate haiM, parantu sat kA utpAda yA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotaa| haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtA samuccaya meM bhI isI vyAkhyA kI puSTi kI hai|98 . __jaina darzana ne dravya chaha mAne gaye haiM-dhamAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM kAla / ' tattvArthasUtra meM yadyapi 'kAla' dravya kA varNana uparyukta pA~ca astikAya dravyoM ke varNana ke sAtha to nahIM upalabdha hotA, parantu isI (pA~caveM) adhyAya ke paiMtIsaveM sUtra meM kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM liyA hai|0deg rAjavArtika meM dravya kI saMkhyA upalabdha hotI hai / 101 kuMdakuMdAcArya ko parivartana liMga yukta kahakara dravya kI saMkhyA svIkAra kI hai / 102 ve sabhI dravya paraspara mizrita rahakara eka dUsare meM praveza karate haiM, eka dUsare ko avakAza dete haiM, paraspara mila jAte haiM phira bhI apane svabhAva kA tyAga nahIM karate / 103. 95. bhAvA yena nirUpyante tadrUpaM nAsti tattvataH / yasmodakamanekaM ca, rUpaM teSAM na vidyte|| . -pramANavArtikA. 2.360 96. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 6.28 97. bhAvasma Natthi NAso.... pukavvaMti / - paM.kA. 15 98. zAstravArtAsamuccaya, 6.37 evaM 11.5 99. tattvArthasUtra, 1.3 100. tattvArthasUtra, 5.35 101. rAjavArtika, 5.3.442 102. paM. kA. 2.6 103. aNNoNNaM pavisaMtA.....vijaMhati pa.kA.na. 21 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vaizeSika chaha padArtha mAnate haiM-dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya / 104 vaizeSika mata meM dravya kA lakSaNa hai- jisameM guNa aura kriyA pAyI jAya tathA jo kArya kA samavAyI kAraNa ho / 05 pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana, ye nau dravya haiM / 106 eka apekSA se adravyatva aura aneka dravyatva bhI dravya kA lakSaNa hai| AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA, mana aura paramANu adravya haiM, ye na kisI se utpanna haiM aura na kisI ke utpAdaka haiM / avaziSTa pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye aneka dravya haiM, kyoMki ye aneka dravyoM se utpanna bhI haiM aura anekoM ke utpAdaka bhI haiN|107 ____ vaizeSika darzana ne guNa ko bhI nitAnta bhinna mAnA hai| jo eka dravyAzrita ho guNarahita evaM saMyoga-vibhAga kA sApekSa kAraNa ho, vaha guNa hai|108 rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, saMkhyA, parimANa, pRthaktva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dravatva, gurutva, saMskAra, sneha, dharma, adharma, aura zabda, ye 24 guNa hote haiM / 109 vaizeSika darzana kI taraha bauddha darzana bhI eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se saMbandha svIkAra nahIM karatA / paratantratA nAma saMbandha kA hai; parantu jo vastu siddha ho gayI usameM paratantratA kA prazna hI nahIM hai, isIlie kisI bhI padArtha meM koI vAstavika saMbandhra nahIM hai|110 ---- ---- 104. syAdvAdamaMjarI 8.48 / 105. kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyalakSaNam |-vaishessiksuutr, 1.1.15 106. vaizeSikadarzana, 1.1.15 / 107. davyaM dvidhA adravyamanekadravyaM ca / na vidyate dravyaM janyatayA janakatayA ca yasya tadadravyaM dravyam, ythaakaashkaalaadi| anekaM dravyaM janyatayA ca janakatayA ca yasya tadanekadravyaM dravyam / - syAdvAdamaMjarI, 4.49 se uddhRta 108. dravyAzrayaguNavAn saMyogavibhAgepvakAraNamanapekSa iti guNalakSaNam |-vaishessiksuutr 1.1.16 109. rUparasagaMdha....prayatnazca |-vaishessiksuutr, 1.1.6 110. "pArataMtryaM hi saMbandhaH siddhe kA paratantratA / tasmAt sarvasvabhAvasya saMbaMdho nAsti tttvtH|" "sNbNdhpriikssaa|" -AptamImAMsA 1.11.123 para uddhRta 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya : dvitIya jaina paramparA mAnya dravya kA lakSaNa .. bhUta aura bhaviSya ko jor3ane vAlA vartamAna hai| yadi vartamAna na ho to bhUta aura bhaviSya donoM mahattvahIna haiN| jisakA hama Aja astitva svIkAra karate haiM, niHsaMdeha atIta meM bhI usakA astitva rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| avasthA meM pariNamana to anivArya hai, parantu pariNamana ke madhya kucha aisA aprakaMpa tattva hai jo sarvadA sthAyI hai| dArzanika kSetra meM dravya use hI kahate haiM jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM pratipala pariNamana to kare, parantu apane maulika svabhAva kI apekSA nitya rhe| sat aura dravya eka hI hai; athavA yaha bhI kaha sakate haiM- jo sat hai, vahI dravya - avasthAoM kA pariNamana usI meM saMbhava hai jo dhruva yA nitya rhe| nitya kI anupasthiti meM na to pUrvavartI avasthA saMbhava hai aura na hI uttaravartI / nitya kA lakSaNa vAcaka umAsvAti ne isa prakAra batAyA hai- jo apane bhAva se kabhI cyuta na ho, vaha nitya hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI isa vyAkhyA se yukta pariNamana kI paramparA se yukta hokara bhI dravya apane svabhAva kA ullaMghana nahIM krtaa| ataH isa sat (dravya) ko trilakSaNa hI kahanA caahiye| dravya meM na to mAtra-utpAda saMbhava hai aura na hI mAtra vyaya aura dhrauvyatA ke abhAva meM utpAda-vyaya kisake Azrita hoNge| pratipala utpAda-vyaya kI sthiti ke madhya bhI dravya ke apane svarUpa kI hAni nahIM hotii| 1. bhAratIya darzanaH baladeva upAdhyAya pR. 11 2. utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat- ta.sU. 5.29 . 3. goyamA saddavvayAe- bha. 8.9.55 4. tadbhAvAvyaya nityam-ta.sU. 5.30 5. evamasya svabhAvata eva trilakSaNAyAM....satvamanumodanIyam-pra.sA.ta.pra.vR.99 6. Na bhavo bhaMgavihINo.....viNo dhovveNa attheNa - pra.sA. 100 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dravya aura sattA inameM mAtra zabdabheda hai, arthabheda nahIM hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki dravya aura sattA-ina donoM kA eka hI artha meM prayoga milatA hai / dravya aura sattA ke ekArthaka hone kA kAraNa pravacanasAra meM isa prakAra se kathana prApta hotA hai- "dravya yadi sat nahIM hai to asat hogA; aura asat to dravya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH dravya svayaM sattA hai|" 7 cetana aura acetana jitane bhI haiM, ve sabhI dravya kahalAte haiN| cetana aura acetana dravyoM meM utpAda-vyaya vaise hI hotA hai jisa prakAra mRtpiMDa se ghar3e kA nirmANa aura piNDAvasthA kA nAza / miTTI se jaba ghar3A banA taba mRtpiMDAkAra kA vyaya huA aura ghaTa kI utpatti huI, parantu ina donoM hI avasthAoM meM mRttikA kI sthiti yathAvat (dhruva) rahatI hai| ____ AcArya guNaratnasUri ne 'SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA' meM sat kI yahI vyAkhyA dI hai-samasta vastue~ utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiM / jo utpAda-vyaya yukta nahIM haiM, ve sat nahIM haiN| lokabhASA meM 'sat' zabda ke vibhinna artha milate haiM, para yahA~ 'sat' kA artha astitva hai| ___ svayaM haribhadrasUri ne "utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta" ko hI sat ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA haiN|11 "paMcAstikAya meM kuMdakuMdAcArya ne dravya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra dI hai'"jo 'sadbhAva' paryAyoM ko dravita hotA hai, prApta hotA hai use dravya kahate haiM, aura aisA dravya sattA se ananyabhUta hai|"129 agale hI zloka meM unhoMne dravya ke tIna lakSaNa batAye-jo sat lakSaNa vAlA ho, jo utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta ho evaM jo guNa-paryAyoM kA Azraya ho, 7. pAduvbhavAda ya aNNI......uppaNNaM - pra.sA. 103 8. Na havadi jadi saddavvaM......davvaM sattA-pra.sA. 105 9. "cetanasya acetanasya......ghaTaparyAyavat / tathA pUrvabhAvavigamA.......ghaTotpatto piNDAkRteH" sa.vA. 5.30 494-95 10. sarva vastUtpAdravyaya......tatsadapi na bhavati-SaDdarzana TI. 57.360 11. tatreha vivakSAtaH.......veditavyaH - sa.vA. 5.30.495 12. yenotpAda.....tatsadiSyate-SaDdarzana 57. For Personal & Private Use Only

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vahI dravya hai / 13 . dravya kA lakSaNa-guNa paryAyayukta hai:___ guNa aura paryAya yukta ko hI 'dravya' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA hai| niyamasAra meM bhI dravya kI yahI vyAkhyA hai| isI vyAkhyA se milatI julatI vyAkhyA pravacanasAra evaM nyAyabindu (jaina) meM upalabdha hotI hai / 16 guNa aura paryAya ke sAtha sat jise dravya kahate haiM, kA tanmayatva hai / 17 / ... dravya, guNa aura paryAya-ye tInoM eka sAtha pAye jAte haiM; ina tInoM meM saha astitva hai; tInoM meM se eka bhI vibhakta nahIM hotA / dravya kA abhAva guNa kA bhI abhAva kara degA, aura guNa ke abhAva meM dravya kA bhI astitva nahIM hogA; dravya aura guNa avyatirikta haiN| isI prakAra se paryAya ke abhAva meM dravya nahIM ho sakatA aura dravya ke abhAva meM paryAya nahIM; dravya aura paryAya bhI ananyabhUta haiN|19 jo anyavI haiM, ve guNa haiM aura jo vyatirekI haiM, ve paryAya haiN|" -- guNa aura paryAya ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM-dravya meM bheda karane vAle ko guNa (anvayI) aura dravya ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN|21 .. 1... guNa aura paryAya ko udAharaNa sahita isa prakAra samajhAyA hai-"jJAna Adi guNoM dvArA hI 'jIva' ajIva se bhinna pratIta hotA hai / jIva meM ghaTa jJAna, paTa jJAna, krodha, mAna Adi pAye jAte haiN| ve jIva dravya kI paryAyeM haiN|22 .. - guNa aura paryAya se yukta samUha ko to dravya sabhI kahate haiN| parantu kahIM 13. daviyadi gacchadi....bhUdaMtu sattAdI - paM.kA. 9 14. davvaM sallakkhaNayaM.... bhaNNaMti savvaNhU - paM. kA. 10 15. "guNaparyAyavad dravyama" - ta.sU. 5.38 16. nAnAguNaparyAyaiH saMyuktAH - ni.sA. 9. 17.pra.sA. 95, nyAyabi. 1.115. 428 18. jesiM atthi.....vivihahiM-paM. kA. 10. 19. davveNa viNA havadi tamhA-paM. kA. 13. 20. pajjayavijudaM.....aNaNNabhUdaM -paM. kA. 12. 21. anvayinoguNA vyatirekiNaH paryAyAH-sa. si. 5.38.600. 22. guNa idi davvavihANaM....."ajupadasiddha have NiccaM" -saM. si. pR. 237 para uddhRta. ..23. dravyaM dravyAMtarAd yena viziSyate sa guNaH, jJAnAdayo jIvasya guNAH.....teSAM vikArA.... .... ghaTajJAnaM, paTajJAnaM, krodho....ityevamAdayeH - sa. si. 5.38.600 : .... 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kahIM mAtra guNoM ke samudAya ko bhI dravya kahA gayA hai; kevala itane se bhI koI AcArya dravya kA lakSaNa kahate haiN| sahabhAvI aura kramabhAvI kI apekSA guNa-paryAyaH___ dravya meM guNa sahavartI evaM paryAya kramavartI kahalAte haiN| sahabhAvI dharma tattva kI sthiti aura kramabhAvI dharma tattva kI gatizIlatA ke sUcaka hote haiN| paryAya pariNamana pratipala hotA rahatA hai / jaise cAvala ko pakAne ke lie bartana meM DAlA aura use Aga para rkhaa| vaha Adhe ghaMTe meM pake to yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki 29 miniTa yA 29.5 miniTa meM vaha jyoM kA tyoM rahA aura mAtra aMtima kSaNa meM paka gyaa| usameM sUkSma rUpa se parivartana prathama samaya meM hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| yadi prathama kSaNa se parivartana prArambha na ho to dUsare kSaNa meM parivartana saMbhava hI nahIM hai| vAdidevasUri ne paryAya evaM guNa ko vizeSa ke do prakAra batAyA hai evaM sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kI saMjJA dI hai| jJAna, zakti Adi AtmA ke guNa haiM, jinakA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA / yadi jIva kA jJAnAdi guNa samApta ho sakatA to vaha ajIva ho jAtA, aura isa prakAra dravya kI isa mUla vyAkhyA kA hI lopa ho jAtA ki 'dravya se dravyAntara' nahIM hotaa| ___ dravya kI utpAdavyayAtmaka jo paryAyeM haiM, ve kramabhAvI haiM, jaise-sukha, duHkha, harSa aadi|28 TIkAkAra ratnaprabhAcArya ne guNa aura paryAya kI isa bhinnatA kA kAraNa kAla ko batAyA hai|29 24. guNaparyayasamudAyo dravyaM punarasya bhavati vAkyArthaH-pa.dha.pR.72 25. guNa samudAyo dravyaM lakSaNametAvatApyuzaMti budhAH pa.dha.pU. 733, sahakrama pravRttaguNa paryAya paM. kA.TI.11. 26. yathA vyAvahArikasya.....ca na syAditi-ta.vA. 5.22 27. vizeSopi dvirUpo guNaH paryAyazceti, guNaH sahabhAvI dharmo yathAtmAni vijJAnavyaktiyAdiriti pramANa na. 5.6.7. 28. paryAyastu kramabhAvI yathA tatraiva sukhaduHkhAdiriti-pramANa na. 5.8 29. syAdvAda. ma 5.8.736 26 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nyAyavinizcaya meM bhI dravya meM guNoM ko sahabhAvI evaM paryAya ko kramabhAvI kahA hai| 20 svajAti kA tyAga kiye binA dravya meM do prakAra ke pariNamana hote haiM, anAdi evaM AdimAn / sumeru parvata Adi ke AkAra ityAdi anAdi pariNAma haiN| AdimAn do prakAra kA hai - eka prayogajanya aura dUsarA svAbhAvika / svAbhAvika ko vaisrasika bhI kahate haiM / karmoM ke upazama hone ke kAraNa jIva Adi jo bhAva hai; jinameM puruSa prayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM haiM, ve vaisrasika AdimAn meM aupazamika bhAva haiM,. aura jo jJAna, zIla Adi guru ke nimitta se hote haiM, ve prayogajanya adimAn haiM / kumhAra ke dvArA acetana miTTI ko ghaTa Adi kA AkAra denA prayogaja hai / indradhanuSa, bAdala Adi svAbhAvika haiM / 31 inheM kramazaH svabhAva paryAya evaM vibhAva paryAya bhI kahate haiM / anya ke sahayoga ke abhAva meM hone vAle pariNamana ko svabhAva paryAya evaM nimitta se hone vAle pariNamana ko vibhAva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| jIva kI svabhAva paryAyeM anantajJAna Adi haiN| isI prakAra pudgala kI svabhAva paryAyeM rUpa Adi haiN| svabhAva paryAya sabhI dravyoM meM pAyI jAtI haiM parantu vibhAvaparyAya mAtra jIva aura pudgala meM hI pAyI jAtI hai / jIva kI vibhAvaparyAyeM nAraka, deva Adi evaM pudgala kI vibhAvaparyAyeM skandharUpa (sthUla rUpa ) Adi haiM / 2 jisa prakAra dravya meM paryAya anivArya haiM, usI prakAra guNa bhI utanA hI Avazyaka haiM / "dravyarUpa se to dravya sabhI eka (samAna) hI haiN| parantu guNa bheda ke kAraNa hI dravyabheda hai / " paryAya to vinAzazIla hai, parantu guNa dhruva hai| jaise aMgUThI, hAra Adi banane para svarNa meM AkRti parivartana to ho gayA, parantu svarNa kA pItaguNa sthAyI hI rhaa| ise sadRza pariNamana bhI kahate haiM / 34 30. guNaparyayavad dravyam te sahakramapravRttayaH nyAyavi. bhU. 1.115.428. 31. dravyasya svajAtyaparityAgena pariNAmo vaisrasikaH - ta.vA. 5.22 32. yaH sarveSAM dravyANAM jIvapudgalAdInAM utpAdayatIti kA pre. TI. 216 33. savvANaM davvANaM..... bhiNNANi kA. pre. 10.236 34. sAraso jo.... guNo sohi - kA. pre. 10.241 27 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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guNoM ke prakAra : . jo guNa sabhI dravyoM meM pAyA jAye, vaha sAmAnyaguNa hai, aura jo kisI nizcit dravya meM hI pAyA jAye, vaha usakA vizeSa guNa hai| astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva agurulaghutva, cetanatva, acetanatva, pradezatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva, isa prakAra se ye dasa sAmAnya guNa haiN| pratyeka dravya meM ATha sAmAnya guNa pAye jAte haiM, jaise jIva meM mUrtatva aura acetanatva kA abhAva hai aura pudgala meM amUrtatva evaM cetanatva kA abhAva hai| 35 . .. ___ jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, varNa, gatihetutva, sthitihetutva, avagAhanahetutva, vartanahetutva, cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva aura amUrtatva-ye solaha dravyoM ke vizeSa guNa haiM / anta ke cAra guNoM ko svajAti kI apekSA sAmAnya aura vijAti kI apekSA vizeSa guNa kahA jAtA hai / 36 .... kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM AcArya zubhacandra ne chaH sAmAnya guNoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- jisase dravya kA nAza na ho, vaha astitva, jisase arthakriyA ho vaha vastutva, jisase sadA pariNamana ho vaha dravyatva, jisase dravya kisI na kisI ke jJAna kA viSaya ho vaha prameyatva, jisase dravyAntara evaM guNAntara na ho vaha agurulaghutva, jisase dravya kA koI na koI AkAra banA rahe vaha pradezitva guNa guNa kI vyAkhyA karate hue vAcaka umAsvAti ne kahA-guNa dravya ke Azrita aura svayaM nirguNa hote haiM / 38 pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM amRtacandrAcArya ne guNa ko sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka kahA hai| unhoMne astitva, nAstitva, ekatva, anyatva, dravyatva, paryAyatva, sarvagatatva, asarvagatatva, sapradezatva, apradezatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva, sakriyatva, akriyatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva, abhoktRtva, 35. kA. pre. TI. 241 . 36. kA. pre. TIkA 10: 241 37. vahI. 38. dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH ta. sU. 5.41 28. For Personal & Private Use Only

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agurulaghutva ityAdi ko sAmAnya; evaM gatinimittatA, sthitikAraNatva, avagAhanatva, vartanAya tanutva, rUpAdimatva evaM cetanatva ko vizeSa guNa kahA hai| 39 paryAyoM ke prakAra: pratyeka vastu anaMtadharmAtmaka hotI hai / " sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa aura kramabhAvI dharma ko paryAya kahate haiM / yadi vastu meM hama anaMtadharmoM ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to vastu kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai, ataH vastu anaMtadharmAtmaka hI mAnanI cAhie / " paryAya ke do prakAra haiM- arthaparyAya evaM vyaMjanaparyAya / bhedoM kI paramparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAma pravAha kisI bhI eka zabda ke lie vAcya bana kara prayukta hotA hai, vaha pravAha vyaMjanaparyAya kahalAtA hai / aura usa paramparA meM jo bheda aMtima aura avibhAjya hai vaha arthaparyAya kahalAtA hai| jaise cetana padArtha kA sAmAnya rUpa jIvatva hai / kAla, dharma Adi ke kAraNa usameM upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva, bAlatva Adi ananta bhedoM vAlI aneka paramparAe~ haiN| una paramparAoM meM niraMtara puruSa rUpa samAna pratIti kA viSaya aura eka 'puruSa' zabda kA pratipAdya jo sadRzaparyAya pravAha hai vaha to vyaJjana paryAya hai, aura puruSarUpa meM sadRzapravAha ke aMtargata dUsare bAla, yuvA Adi jo bheda haiM, ve arthaparyAya haiM / 42 janma se mRtyu paryaMta puruSa ke lie jo 'puruSa' saMbodhana diyA jAtA hai, vaha vyaMjana paryAya kA udAharaNa hai| usa puruSa ke bAla, yuvA Adi aMza arthaparyAya ke udAharaNa haiM / yahA~ aMza kA artha 'paryAya' hai / vyaMjana paryAya kI apekSA se dekhane vAle ko 'puruSa' nirvikalpa yA abhinna rUpa meM dikhatA hai aura bacapana Adi vikalpa yukta dekhane para vahI (puruSa) - 39. pra. sA. tA. pra. pR. 95. 40. anaMtakAlastrikAlaSiyatvAda..... tadanaMtadharmAtmakam - syAdvAda 22.200 41. anaMtadharmAtmakameva satvamasUpapAdam anyayayo 22. 42. sanmatitarka 1.30 para pa. sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsa jI kA vivecana / 43. purisami purisasaddI.... bahuviyappA - sa. ta. 1.32 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

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arthaparyAya ke rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna (bAla,yuvA Adi) dikhatA hai / 44 vyaMjanaparyAya aura arthaparyAya kA alpa vivecana AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI kiyA hai| unake anusAra dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM arthaparyAya evaM jIva aura pudgala meM artha aura vyaMjana donoM prakAra kI paryAya upalabdha hotI haiM / 5 jaina darzana kA yaha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya yukta 'sat' siddhAnta 'pariNAmI nityatvavAda' kahalAtA hai| isa siddhAnta kI tulanA rAsAyanika vijJAna' ke 'dravyAkSaratatvavAda' se kI jA sakatI hai| isa siddhAnta kI sthApanA Lawoisier nAmaka prasiddha vaijJAnika ne kI thii| isake anusAra vizva meM dravya kA pariNamana sadA hotA hai, parantu nyUnAdhikatA nahIM hotii| sAdhAraNa dRSTi se jise dravya kA nAza samajhA jAtA hai vaha usakA rUpAntara meM pariNamana mAtra hai| jaise-koyalA jala kara rAkha ho jAtA hai, sAdhAraNa rUpa se ise nAza honA kahate haiM, parantu vAstava meM to vaha vAyumaNDala ke oNksIjana aMza ke sAtha milakara kArbAnika esiDa gaisa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| , isI prakAra zakkara yA namaka bhI pAnI meM ghulakara naSTa nahIM hote, parantu ve Thosa se drava meM rUpAntarita ho jAte haiM / vastutaH navIva vastu kI utpatti nahIM hotI, mAtra rUpAntara hotA hai| prakAza, tApamAna, cumbakIya AkarSaNa Adi kA hrAsa nahIM hotA, ve to eka dUsare meM mAtra parivartita hote haiN|6 kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartanazIla padArtha yadi samApta hote to Aja sRSTi kA yaha svarUpa nahIM hotA / parivartana ke abhAva meM mAtra utpAda se sRSTi kA yaha svarUpa saMbhava nahIM thaa| ___'sanmati tarka' meM isa utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNamana ko prayatnajanya aura aprayatnajanya, do prakAra kA kahA hai| prayatnajanya vaha hai jo ki aparizuddha hai| ise 44. vaMjaNapajAyassa..... atthapajAo-sa. ta. 1.34. 45. kA. pre. TIkA 10.220 46. muni nathamalajI-jaina dharma aura darzana pR. 330 . 47. utpAdadhruvavinAzaiH.....dRzyate dravyAnu. - ta. 9.2. 30 For Personal & Private Use Only

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samudAyavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai|48 ____ pariNamana astitva kA hI svabhAva hai / 'sat' kA yaha lakSaNa IzvaravAdiyoM kI mAnyatA kA pratirodha karatA hai| IzvaravAdiyoM ke anusAra pariNamana Izvara dvArA prerita hai / kahA bhI hai- Izvara se prerita jIva hI svarga kI ora prasthAna karatA hai| Izvara ke sahayoga binA jIva sukha-duHkha ko bhI nahIM prApta kara sktaa| prANI ke prayatnoM dvArA hone vAle parivartana ko prayatnajanya aura anya kisI dravya ke sahayoga binA prayatna ke hone vAle ko aprayatnajanya kahate haiM / vaizeSika mAtra prayatnajanya pariNAma hI svIkAra karate haiN|50 ___ yaha prayatnajanya aura aprayatnajanya pariNamana sAmudAyika aura vaiyaktika rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / dUdha meM zakkara milAne se dUdha meM hone vAlI madhuratA kI utpatti sAmudAyika prayatnajanya utpAda hai| ___ alaga-alaga rahane vAle avayavoM ko milAkara yA jur3e hue avayavoM ko alaga kara jo utpAda aura vinAza kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sAmudAyika utpAda evaM * vinAza hai; aura eka hI dravya ke Azrita na hone ke kAraNa yaha aparizuddha pariNamana sAmudAyika utpAda aura vinAza skandha sApekSa hone ke kAraNa aura skandha pudgaladravya meM hI saMbhava hone ke kAraNa mUrta dravya meM hI saMbhava haiM; amUrta meM nhiiN| ghaTa-paTa Adi jo bhI mUrta padArtha haiM, ve sabhI prayatnajanya parivartana haiN| bAdala, pahAr3a Adi kA sarjana aura visarjana kramazaH vainasika/sAmudAyika utpAda evaM vinAza haiN| binA kisI anya dravya se mile arthAt eka svatantra dravya meM jo utpAda yA vinAza hotA hai, vaha aikatvika aprayatnajanya utpAda evaM vinAza hai| yaha skandhAzrita na hone ke kAraNa parizuddha bhI kahalAtA hai| isakA viSaya mAtra amUrtadravya aura eka-eka (svatantra) dravyarUpa hai| yaha parimaNana AkAza, dharma dravya aura adharma 48. uppAo duviyAo- aparisuddhA-sa.ta. 3.32 49. Izvaraprerito gacchet, svarga vA zvabhrameva vA / anyojaMturanIzoyamAtmanaH sukhduHkhyoH|| __-mahAbhArata vanaparva 30.28 / 50. kSityAdayo buddhimatkRrtakAH kAryatvAd ghaTavaditi / uddhRtoyam syAdvama. pRSTha 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

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... dravya meM hI saMbhava hai; yaha prayatnajanya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ye tInoM astikAya gati evaM kriyA rahita haiM, ataH inameM prayatna kA abhAva hai| ... . prayatnajanya aura aprayatnajanya, ina donoM sAmudAyika vinAzoM ke samudAyavibhAga mAtra evaM arthAntarabhAvaprApti nAma ke do do prakAra haiM / sAmudAyika prayatnajanya vinAza kA udAharaNa haiH prayatnapUrvaka banAye gaye makAna se IMTa Adi avayavoM kA alaga ho jAnA / sAmudAyika aprayatnajanya vinAza kA udAharaNa hai: prakRtita: bane hue bAdaloM kA svataH hI bikhara jAnA / avayavoM se alaga hue binA (usI dravya meM) pUrva AkAra ko chor3a kara nae AkAra ko dhAraNa karanA prayatnajanya arthAntarabhAva vinAza hai, jaise-kar3e se kuMDala bananA / 51 aprayatnajanya arthAntarabhAvaprApti kA udAharaNa hai bhautika saMyoga se yA Rtu parivartana se barpha kA pAnI aura pAnI kA bhApa bananA / 52 ___vAcaka umAsvAti ne eka anya apekSA se bhI pariNamana kI vyAkhyA kI hai- . kisI bhI dravya kA svAbhAvika pariNamana 'pAriNAmika bhAva' kahalAtA hai; evaM paramANuoM ke milane se jo pariNamana hotA hai, vaha audayika bhAva kahalAtA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla meM jo pariNamana hotA hai vaha pAriNAmika hai| pudgala dravya meM pAriNAmika evaM audayika, donoM pariNamana hote haiN| paramANu meM pAriNAmika pariNamana hotA hai| skandhoM meM rUpa, rasa Adi meM hone vAlA audayika pariNamana hai / jIva meM sabhI pariNamana hote haiM / 53 / / dravya traikAlika hai :___apane pariNAmI svabhAva ke kAraNa dravyoM meM pratikSaNa pariNamana honA avazyambhAvI hai, ve kisI bhI kSaNa pariNamanazUnya nahIM raha sakate / pariNamana karane para bhI ve apanI sImA kA ullaMghana nahIM krte| ve tadbhAva pariNamana karate haiM / 54 anAdi kAla ke isa pariNamana pravAha meM dravya jitane the, utane hI haiM; na ghaTe haiM aura na bar3he haiN| 51. sAmAvio vi samudayakao-paccaoNiyamA-sanmatita. 3.33. 52. vigamassa vi. esa.... bhAvagamaNaMca-sa. ta. 3.34 evaM isI para saMpAdaka yugala kA vivecana / 53. bhAvo dharmAdharmAmbara-bhAvAnugA jIvAH-prazamarati 209. 54. tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH ta. sU. 5.42 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
jIva dravya athavA anya koI bhI na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai; mAtra paryAya-pariNamana hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa avabodha hotA hai ki dravya kI sattA traikAlika hai| dravya meM atIta meM ananta paryAyeM ho cukI haiN| bhaviSya meM bhI ananta payAyeM hogI, mAtra vartamAna kI apekSA paryAya eka hai|56 paryAya vAlA hI dravya hotA hai| isa prakAra se sUtrakAra ke spaSTIkaraNa se tInoM kAloM meM dravya kA astitva nirvivAda tInoM kAloM ko viSaya karane vAle nayoM aura upanayoM ke viSayabhUta aneka dharmoM ke tAdAmya saMbandha ko prApta samudAya kA nAma dravya hai / vaha dravya eka (sAmAnya kI apekSA) bhI hai aura aneka (vizeSa kI apekSA) bhii|58 paryAya dravya meM hI hotI hai| ataH jaba paryAyoM kA traikAlika astitva hai, to usakA AzrayadAtA dravya to svataH traikAlika ho jAtA hai| .. kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandra ne apanI anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA meM 'sat' kA lakSaNa pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki pratyeka kSaNa meM utpanna aura nAza hone vAle padArthoM kI sthiti dekhakara bhI jo dravya ke utpAda aura vinAza ko nahIM mAnate, isameM unakI pUrvAgraha grasta mAnasikatA hI kAraNa ho sakatI hai| utpAda aura vinAza, donoM kA adhikaraNa traikAlika dhruva dravya hI hai, jaise caitra aura maitra donoM bhAIyoM kA adhikaraNa eka mAtA hai / 60 AtmA zabda se ananta paryAyoM meM rahane vAle ananta dharmAtmaka nitya dravya kA sUcana hotA hai|61 . 55. maNusattaNeNa-paM. kA. 17.18.19 56. kA. pre. 10.221, eya daviyammi-havai davvaM-dha. 1.1.136 199, ka.pA. 1.1.14.108 57. paryayavad dravyamiti-dravyamuktam-lo. vA. 2.1.5.63.269 58. nayopanaya-dravyamekamanekadhA-A.mI. 10.107. 59. pratikSaNotpAda-pizAcakI vA: anyayo 21. 60. sthiramutpAdavinAzayau yathA caitramaitrayorekA jananI syAt-vahI 21.197 61. atra cAtmazabdenAnaMteSvapi-dravyaM dhvanitam-syAdvAda. 22.203 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
AtmasAdhaka zrImad rAjacandra ke zabdoM meM dravya kI nityatA isa prakAra spaSTa huI hai-"saMpUrNa rUpa se dravya kA nAza to hotA hI nahIM, agara dravya kA hI nAza ho jAyegA to he sAdhaka! tU khoja ki vaha kisameM mizrita hogA, arthAt tujhe samajha meM A hI jAyegA kyoMki 'cetana' cetanAnantara nahIM hotaa|"62 ___ "bacapana, yuvA evaM praur3ha avasthA meM eka hI AtmA dravya hai mAtra avasthAgata parivartana se AtmA nahIM badalatA, vaise hI paryAya pariNamana to hotA hai para dravya nitya (anAzavAn) hI hai|"63 / / dravya ke traikAlika hone meM 'anutpatti' kAraNa hai, kyoMki jisakA utpAda hotA hai, vinAza bhI usI kA hotA hai| dravya to na kisI kA utpAda hai aura na usakA vyaya hotA hai|64 vahI janmatA aura vahI maratA hai arthAta mAtra usameM paryAya pariNamana hotA hai, usakA sarvathA nAza nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kA ekatva tabhI saMbhava hai jaba koI utpatti aura vyaya hote hue bhI dhruva ho / - utpatti aura vinAza meM nitya rahane vAlA ekatva bhI do prakAra kA hai, mukhya aura upacarita / AtmA Adi meM to mukhya ekatva hotA hai, jaise-jo AtmA naraka meM thA vahI aba manuSya hai; jo AtmA bacapana meM thA, vahI javAnI aura bur3hApe meM haiityAdi meM mukhya ekatva jJAna hai aura sAdRzya yukta vastu meM upacarita ekatva hotA hai, jaise-kATane ke bAda punaH utpanna hue nakha aura kesh|66 . . pariNamana astitva kI anivAryatA hai:- . pariNamana karanA astitva kA svabhAva hai| jisase pratikSaNa pariNamana kI kSamatA nahIM hotI, vaha apanI sattA sthAyI nahIM rakhA sktaa| yaha astitvagata pariNamanazIlatA Aropita nahIM hai| dravya kA svayaM kA svabhAva hai ki vaha utpAda62. kyAre koI.....kemAM bhale tapAsa-Atmasiddhi 70. 63. AtmA dravye nitya ekane thAya- A. si. 68. 64. A. si. 66. 65. so ceva jAdi-pa.kA. 18 66. dvividhaM hyekatvaM murUyamupacArita-sAdRzye tadupaciratamiti-aSTasa. 161. 34 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
vyaya - dhrauvya yukta ho / 7 svabhAva meM sthiti kA nAma hI sat hai aura utpAda-vyayavya yukta honA yaha padArtha kA svabhAva hai / 68 sabhI padArtha pratikSaNa pariNamana ke pravAha se gujarate haiM / jo sthiti prathama samaya meM thI vaha dUsare samaya meM nahIM hogI, parantu pariNamana ke kAraNa sarvathA navInatA bhI nahIM AtI / 69 paryAya dRSTi se vastu kI utpatti aura vinAza dekhe jAte haiM, kyoMki paryAyoM kA pariNamana nirbAdha rUpa se hamAre anubhava meM AtA hai / 7deg 70 utpAdita ko paraspara nirapekSa hI mAna liyA jAye to unakI kalpanA AkAza kusuma kI taraha thothI hogI / ataH utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNamana sApekSa hai / isa pariNamana kA koI apavAda nahIM hai kyoMki pariNamana ke kAraNa hI puNya, pApa, paraloka gamana, sukhAdiphala, bandha aura mukti saMbhava haiM / 71 "jIva dravya manuSya rUpa se naSTa huA aura deva ke rUpa meM paidA huA" 72 yahI pariNamana hai / agara pariNamana svabhAva nahIM ho to kyA sRSTi meM parivartana najara AtA? sRSTi ke parivartana kA kAraNa hI sat kA utpAda-vyaya rUpa pariNamana hai jise zAstrIya bhASA meM 'arthakriyA' bhI kahate haiM / paryAya pariNamana ke kAraNa hI UrjA meM vRddhi evaM hAni hotI hai / sabhI padArthoM meM nAnA prakAra kI zakti hai / padArtha dravya-kSetra-kAlabhAva ke anusAra pariNamana karate haiM aura unakI isa pariNamana kI kriyA meM koI bAdhaka nahIM bana sktaa| udAharaNa ke liye bhavyatva zakti se yukta jIva kAla labdhiko prApta kara mukti ko prApta kara letA hai; usameM koI bAdhaka nahIM bana sakatA / 3 67. pra. sA. 95.69: 68. pra. sA. 99. 69. sarvavyaktiSu niyataM...vyavasthAnAt uddhRteyam, anekAMtavAda - pra. pR. 59. 70. dravyAtmanA sarvasya vastunaH paryAyAnubhAvAt, - SaD samu. TI. 57.357 71. utpAdaH kevalI pratipatavyau aSTasa. pR. 219, puNyapApa ! na taiSAM - A.mI. 3.40 72. maNusattaNeNa - idaro vA paM. kA. 17. 73. kAmAi laddhi juttA "have kAlI" kA. pre. 10.219 ... ..... 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
suprasiddha vaijJAnika AiMsTIna se pahale yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki dravya ko zakti rUpa meM aura zakti ko dravya rUpa meM nahIM badalA jA sakatA, parantu AiMsTIna ne isa dhAraNA ko khaMDita kara diyA / yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki dravya aura zakti bhinna-bhinna nahIM hai; eka hI vastu ke rUpAntaraNa haiM / isa siddhAnta ke AdhAra para eka pauMDa koyale se zakti ke rUpa meM do kilovATa kI vidyuta zakti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| cUMki vaijJAnika parIkSaNa pudgala taka hI sImita haiM, ataH pudgala kI zakti ko mApA jAtA hai, parantu dravya cAhe pudgala ho yA jIva, sabhI anantazaktiM saMpanna hai aura isI kAraNa unakA traikAlika astitva hai / pariNamana kA artha hai- avasthAntara honA / koI vyakti eka sthAna se prayANa kara anya sthAna para phuNcaa| sthAna kA parivartana to huA, parantu vyakti meM parivartana nahIM huA / dravya kA pariNamana bhI aisA hI hai| sarvathA utpAda yA vinAza na hokara mAtra avasthA kA parivartana hai / 74 kUTastha nityavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki padArtha sarvathA nitya hote haiM, kyoMki ve sat haiM "sarvaM nityaM sattvAt " / unake anusAra kSaNika padArthoM meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki kSaNika padArtha eka kSaNa ke bAda dUsare kSaNa meM sthira nahIM rahate / jabaki bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai ki "saMpUrNa padArtha kSaNika haiM kyoMki ve sat haiM""sarvaM kSaNikaM sattvAt / " nitya pakSa meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai / arthakriyA ke liye pUrva svabhAva kA vinAza aura uttarakAlIna svabhAva kA padArtha ke prayojana bhUta kArya ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai jo ki nitya tattva meM saMbhava nahIM haiM / 75 jaina darzana ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA khaMDana karatA hai / usake anusAra "jo doSa nitya ekAntavAda meM hai, vahI doSa sarvathA kSaNikavAda meM hai / 76 sarvathA nitya ekAMtavAda meM sukha, duHkha, puNya, pApa, bandha aura mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sakatI / 77 74. pariNamAstadvidAmiSTaH uddhRteyam - syAdvAda maMjarI 239 75. syAdvAdamaM jarI 26.233.34. 26 76. anyayogavya. 77. naikAMtavAde sukhaduHkhabhoge..... baMdhamokSau - anyayo. 27 36 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
apracyuta, anutpanna, sthira aura eka rUpa ko nitya kahate haiN| yadi AtmA apanI kAraNa sAmagrI se sukha ko chor3akara duHkha kA upabhoga karane lage to apane nitya aura eka svabhAva ke tyAga ke kAraNa AtmA ko anitya mAnanA pdd'egaa| ataH ekAntavAda meM arthakriyA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| isI prakAra kSaNikavAda meM bhI artha kriyA saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki vahA~ hiMsA kA saMkalpa karane vAlA alaga hai, hiMsA karane vAlA koI dUsarA hai aura hiMsA karma janita karmabandha kA phala bhogane vAlA koI tIsarA hI hai|79 ___ hama hiMsaka kise kaheM? kyoMki kSaNikavAda ke anusAra hiMsA karane vAlA hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| usakA astitva to dUsare kSaNa hI vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra padArthoM kA 'niranvaya vinAza' mAnane se eka ko kartA aura dUsare ko bhoktA mAnanA pdd'egaa| isakA samAdhAna kSaNikavAdiyoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai"jisa prakAra kapAsa ke bIja meM lAla raMga lagAne se bIja kA raMga bhI lAla ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra avasthA saMtAna meM karmavAsanA kA phala milatA hai|" 80 parantu jaina darzana isa mAnyatA kA khaMDana karatA hai| eka kSaNavartI vastu ko dUsare kSaNa se jor3ane vAlA koI tatva nahIM hai| donoM kSaNoM ko paraspara jor3ane vAle ke abhAva meM donoM kA saMbandha saMbhava nahIM hai| donoM ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I caahiye| jaina darzana meM bauddhoM jaisA utpAda aura vinAza bhI hai aura sAtha hI donoM ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I jo dhruva kahalAtI hai, bhI vidyamAna hai| ___ jaina darzana ke 'dhruva' kI kUTastha nitya brahmavAdiyoM ke nitya se evaM bauddhoM ke anitya se utpAda va vyaya kI samAnatA hai, parantu yaha samAnatA kathaMcit hI hai sarvathA nahIM, kyoMki jaina darzana padArtha ko kathaMcit nitya evaM kathaMcit anitya mAnatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dIpaka se lekara AkAza taka ke sAre padArtha nityAnitya svabhAva yukta haiN| 78. syAdvAda. 27. 236 79. hinastyanabhisaMdhAt-cittaM baddhaM na mucyate- A. mI. 3.51 80. yasminneva hi santAne-raktatA yathA / uddhRteyam-syAdvAda maMjarI 27. 238 81. anyayogavya. 5. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
vaizeSika kucha padArthoM ko nitya aura kucha padArthoM ko anitya mAnate haiN| ataH ve ardha bauddha bhI kahe jAte haiM / zaMkarAcArya ne vaizeSikoM ko ardhabauddha kahakara saMbodhita kiyA hai|82 UrvatA evaM tiryagaMza kI apekSA dravyaH___ abheda dRSTikoNa ko 'sAmAnya' evaM bhedagrAhI dRSTikoNa ko 'vizeSa' kahate haiN| inheM hI naya kI bhASA meM kramazaH dravyAstika aura paryAyAstika kahate haiN| . jagata ke sabhI padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hote haiM / sAmAnya ko anuvRtta evaM vizeSa ko vyAvRtta bhI kahate haiN| pratyeka vastu meM sat Adi rUpa kI samAnatA hone . se anuvRtti evaM visadRzatA hone ke kAraNa vyAvRtti rUpa jJAna kA hetu pAyA jAtA hA pUrva paryAya kA vyaya aura navIna paryAya kA utpAda, ina donoM avasthAoM meM dravyatva kI sthiti avicchinna rUpa se rahane se ise nitya pariNAmI kahate haiM, aura isa svabhAva meM hI arthakriyA saMbhava hai|83 sAmAnya ke do bheda haiM- 'tiryak sAmAnya' aura 'UrdhvatA sAmAnya' / samAna pariNAma ko tiryak sAmAnya evaM pUrva va uttara paryAya meM rahane vAle ko UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiN|84 ... UrdhvatA sAmAnya apanI kAlakrama se hone vAlI kramika paryAyoM meM Upara se nIce taka vyApta rahatA hai, sAtha hI sahabhAvI guNoM ko bhI vyApta karatA hai| tiryak sAmAnya tirachA calatA hai| aneka svatantra sattAka manuSyoM meM sAdRzyamUlaka jAti kI apekSA manuSyatva kI sAmAnya kalpanA tiryak sAmAnya kahalAtI hai| 82. pro. e.bI. dhruvaH syAdvAdamaMjarI pR. 54 83.anuvRttavyAvRtapratyayagocaratvAt pUrvottarAkAraparihArAvApti- sthiti lakSaNapariNAmenArthakriyopapatezza.-aSTasa. pR. 162. 84. sadRzapariNAmAstiryakkhaNDamuNDAdiSu gotvavat evaM parAparavivartavyApi dravyamUrdhvatA mRdiva __ sthAsAdiSu. - aSTasa. pR. 164 85. paM. mahendrakumArajI: jaina darzana pR. 481 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM bhI lagabhaga isI se milatI-julatI vyAkhyA hai| vastu UrdhvatA sAmAnyarUpa dravya meM, sahabhAvI vizeSa svarUpa guNoM meM evaM kramabhAvI vizeSa svarUpa paryAyoM meM utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyamaya hai / 86 jitane bhI padArtha isa sRSTi meM haiM, ve saba sAmAnya samudAyAtmaka ( guNasamudAyAtmaka) aura AyatasAmAnya samudAyAtmaka (paryAyasamudAyAtmaka) dravya se racita hone ke kAraNa dravyamaya haiM / 7 utpAdAdi bhinna bhI abhinna bhI: dravya ko hama trilakSaNayukta siddha kara Aye haiM / yahA~ yaha jijJAsA honA svAbhAvika hai ki dravya ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paraspara bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? dArzanikoM ne isa prazna kI gambhIratA ko samajhA aura apanI painI pratibhA se isa prazna ko nimna prakAra se samAhita kiyA / jaina dArzanika syAdvAda kI nIMva para hI samasta jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna khojate haiM / unake dRSTikoNa meM ekAntavAda mithyA hai| ataH unhoMne vastu ke svarUpa ko bhI kathaMcit bhinna evaM kathaMcit abhinna kahA hai| sat ko trilakSaNAtmaka khaa| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hotA hai ki inameM paraspara bhinnatA hai / parantu ye eka vastu ke utpAda - vyaya ko dUsarI vastu meM lekara nahIM jA sakate, ataH abhinnatA hai| jaise rUpa, rasa Adi ke lakSaNa alaga haiM, ata: inameM bheda hai, parantu ye paraspara meM sApekSa haiM, ataH abhinna bhI haiM / " na to utpAda svatantra hai aura na padArtha / isa prakAra eka hI dravya meM bheda aura abheda, donoM pAye jAte haiN| jo guNa hai vaha utpAda nahIM, jo utpAda hai vaha paryAya nahIM, ida tInoM kA saMyukta svarUpa hI astitva kA sUcaka hai aura pramANa kA viSaya hone se bheda aura abheda- donoM hI vAstavika haiM, kAlpanika nahIM / gauNa aura pradhAna kI apekSA se bheda aura abheda- donoM avirodhI haiM / " nivartitanivRttimacca - pra. sA.ta. pra. 10. 86. bastu punarUrdhvatAsAmAnyalakSaNe 87. iha khalu yaH kazcana paricchidyamAna..... nirvRttatvAddravyamayaH - pra.sA.pra. 93. 88. nanUtpAdAdayaH parasparaM bhidyate - anyoyApekSaNAmutpAdAdInAM vastUni patipatuttatvaM - SaDda. samu. TI. 57. 258 89. pramANagocarau saMtau-guNamukhyavivakSayA- A.mI. 2.26 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakhyAta dArzanika zrI kuMdakuMdAcArya ne pravacana sAra meM "utpAda ke abhAva meM vyaya nahIM hotA aura vyaya ke abhAva meM utpAda nahIM hotA hai| utpAda aura vyaya, donoM hI dhrauvya ke hI Azrita haiN|" kahakara bhinnatA aura abhinnatA svIkAra karate hue unameM avirodhitva svIkAra kiyA hai / " Age isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue kundakundAcArya kahate haiM- "utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya paryAyoM meM aura paryAyeM niyama se dravyAzrita hotI haiM / " 1191 * dravya svayaM hI guNAntara rUpa se pariNamita hotA hai| dravya kI satA guNaparyAyoM kI sattA ke sAtha abhinna hai, ataH guNaparyAya hI dravya hai / " TIkAkAra amRtacaMdrAcArya ne ise vRkSa ke udAharaNa dvArA aura adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| "jisa prakAra aMzI vRkSa ke bIja, aMkura, vRkSatva svarUpa tInoM aMza eka sAtha dikhAyI dete haiM, vaise hI dravya ke vyaya, utpAda aura dhrauvya svarUpa nijadharmoM ke dvArA avalambita eka sAtha hI pratIta hote haiN| agara dravya ko utpAda vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpa se bhinna mAnA jAye to sarvatra viplava ho jAyegA / yadi dravya kA vyaya hI mAneM to sArA saMsAra zUnya ho jAyegA, yadi dravya kA utpAda hI mAne to dravya meM anantatA A jAyegI, aura yadi dravya ko dhrauvya hI mAne to bhAvoM kA abhAva hone se kramazaH dravya kA abhAva ho jAyegA / 13 haiM ve nahIM hai aura dravya haiM ve guNa nahIM haiM / 14 ataH dravya aura guNa bhinna haiN| utpAda - vyaya rUpa bheda padArthoM kA dharma haiM, vaha dharma padArthoM se kathaMcit bhinna hai kathaMcit abhinna hai / dharma aura dharmI meM sarvathA bheda yA sarvathA abheda nahIM pAyA jAtA / I 95 eka hI vyakti meM saMbandhoM kI bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai, jaise eka hI vyakti pitA, putra, bhAMjA, aura bhAI Adi saMbandhoM se jJapita hotA hai kintu ina saMbandhoM 90. Na bhavadi bhaMgavihINo.....dhovveNa alpeNa- pra. sA. 100. 91. uppAdaThThidibhaMgA - davvaM havadi savvaM pra.sA. 101. 92. pariNamadi sayaM davvaM..... davvamevatti - pra. sA. 10.4 eva. guNaparyaya vat dravyam - ta.sU. 5.37 93. yathA kilaMzinaH pAdapasya bIjajAGkurapAdapatva..... dravyasyAbhAvaH - pra. sA.ta. pra. pR. 101. 94. yaddavyaM bhavati na tadguNA bhavanti na dravyaM bhavatIti - pra. sA.ta. pra. pR. 130. 95. bhedo hi padArthAnAM dharma..... bhinnabhinnazca - syAdvAdaratnA. 1.16.203 40 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI bhinnatA ne saMbandhAzraya eka vyakti ko bhinna-bhinna ( aneka ) nahIM banAyA, usI prakAra indriyagrAhya rUpa, rasa Adi paryAyoM meM dravya kA ekatva avagata hotA hai| vaizeSika dravya aura guNa ko bhinna padArthoM ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dete haiM / bhinna mAnyatA se kina doSoM ke Agamana kA dvAra khulatA hai, jaina dArzanika ise spaSTa karate haiM / yadi dravya kA lakSaNa 'sthiti', aura guNa kA lakSaNa 'utpatti kA vinAza' mAna leM to ye lakSaNa kramazaH dravya evaM guNa meM hI ghaTita hoMge na ki saMpUrNa sat meM / dravya se bhinna guNa yA to mUrta hoMge yA amuurt| agara guNoM ko indriyagrAhya aura mUrtta mAneMge to paramANu nahIM raheMge, kyoMki paramANu atIndriya hote haiN| agara amUrta hoMge to indriyagrAhya nahIM raheMge / 7 yahA~ yaha zaMkA svAbhAvika hai jaba utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM paraspara bhinna haiM to inheM trayAtmaka rUpa vastu nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura abhinna haiM to inheM tIna rUpa mAnanA caahie| " utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya, ina tInoM kI pratIti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne ise isa prakAra samajhAyA hai - svarNa ghaTa kA icchuka mAnava svarNa se mukuTa banate samaya duHkhI hotA hai aura mukuTa kA icchuka prasanna; parantu svarNapriya manuSya to donoM hI sthiti meM taTastha rahatA hai / " dahI nahIM khAne kA saMkalpa karane vAlA dUdha legA aura jisane dUdha nahIM lene kA saMkalpa liyA hai vaha dahI legA; parantu jisane gorasa nahIM khAne kA saMkalpa liyA hai vaha na dUdha legA aura na dahI / 100 dravya aura paryAya meM kathaMcit abheda hai, kyoMki una donoM meM avyatireka pAyI jAtI hai / davya aura paryAya karthacit bhinna bhI hai, kyoMki dravya aura paryAyoM meM pariNAma kA bheda hai / dravya meM Adi aura anantarUpA se pariNamana kA pravAha hai 1 96. piuputtaNatubhavvayaH....visesaNaM lahai sa.ta. 17.18 97. davvassa ThiI jamma..... amuttesu aggahuNaM - sa.ta. 3.23.24 98. yadyutpAdAdayoM..... kathamekaM trayAtmakam - syAdvAdama. me. uddhRta 21.999 99. ghaTamaulIsuvarNArthI.... sahetukam - A. mI. 3.56 100. payovratI na dadhyAti.... trayAtmakam 3.60 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jabaki paryAyoM kA pariNamana sAdi aura sAnta hai / dravya zaktimAn hai / paryAyazakti rUpa 'ekatvaviziSTa' kI dravya saMjJA hai to dUsare (prasUta) kI paryAya saMjJA / dravya eka hai, paryAyeM aneka / dravya kA lakSaNa alaga hai, paryAya kA lakSaNa alaga hai| prayojana bhI donoM ke bhinna haiM, kyoMki dravya anvayajJAnAdi karAtA hai jabaki paryAya vyatirekajJAna karAtA hai / dravya trikAlagocara hai jabaki paryAya vartamAnagocara / ina nAnA kAraNoM aura lakSaNoM se dravya kI bhinnatA bhI hai aura abhinnatA bhii|101 dravya 'guNa' nahIM hai aura guNa 'dravya' nhiiN|102 dravya meM ekAntika pratipAdana ke dUSaNa: prakhyAta dArzanika evaM tArkika AcArya samantabhadra ekAntavAda meM Ane vAle dUSaNoM kA AptamImAMsA meM vizada vizleSaNa karate haiN| ___ bauddha darzana kI zAkhA zUnyavAda ke anusAra eka mAtra abhAva hI pramANa hai| unake anusAra abhAva hI satya hai, bhAva to svapnajJAna kI taraha mithyA hai| svapna kA jJAna anekoM kI apekSA svapnadarzI ko hI hotA hai aura vaha svapna taka hI sImita hotA hai / jagat kA jJAna anekoM ko hotA hai, adhika sthAyI hotA hai, para haiM donoM mithyaa| ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra, bhAva kI sattA.nahIM mAnane vAle mata meM iSTa tattva kI siddhi nahIM hotii| na to vahA~ bodha pramANa hai na hI vAkya / pramANa ke abhAva meM svamata kI siddhi aura paramata kA khaNDana saMbhava nahIM hai / 103 ___ mImAMsaka sarvathA bhAvAbhAvAtmaka rUpa vastu ko mAnate haiM, parantu yaha bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi 'bhAva' aura 'abhAva'- donoM ekarUpa haiM, to yA to bhAva rahegA yA abhaav| ___ sAMkhya ke mata meM vyakta aura avyakta-donoM kA tAdAtmya hai / mahat Adi kA prakRti meM tirobhAva ho jAtA hai phira bhI inakA sadbhAva banA rahatA hai| vyakta aura avyakta sarvathA ekarUpa haiM to donoM meM eka hI zeSa rhegaa| 101. dravyaparyAyayorevayaM..... nAnAtvaM na sarvathA- A. mI. 4.71.72 102. pra.sA. 108. 103. abhAvaikAMtapakSepi......sAdhAnadUSaNam 1.12. 42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bauddha 'tattva' ko sarvathA avAcya batAte haiM, parantu avAcya kahane vAlA avAcya kA prayoktA nahIM ho sktaa|104 syAdvAdavirodhI matoM meM bhAva aura abhAva kA nirapekSa astitva saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki donoM ko ekAtma mAnane meM virodha hai| yahA~ to avAcyaikAnta bhI nahIM banatA, kyoMki "yaha avAcya hai" aise zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM ho sktaa|05 .. 'padArtho kA sarvathA sadbhAva hI hai' agara aisA mAneM to samasta padArtha anAdiananta aura svarUpa rahita ho jAyeMge / 106 ___ abhAva cAra prakAra kA hai- prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyaMtAbhAva / vastu kI utpatti ke pUrva abhAva ko prAgabhAva kahate haiN| padArtha ke nAza ke bAda ke abhAva ko pradhvaMsAbhAva kahate haiN| eka padArtha kA dUsare padArtha se sApekSa abhAva ko anyoyAbhAva kahate haiN| padArtha ke zAzvata abhAva ko atyantAbhAva kahate haiN| sAMkhya padArthoM kA sarvathA sadbhAva mAnate haiM, prAgbhAva nhiiN| aura prAgbhAva na mAnane se 'mahad' Adi tattva anAdi ho jAyeMge, phira prakRti se mahadAdi kI utpatti batAnA vyartha hai, jabaki ve prakRti se hI utpatti batAte haiM / 107 sAMkhya 'puruSa' aura 'prakRti' meM atyantAbhAva nahIM mAnate, taba to prakRti aura puruSa meM bheda108 vyartha ho jaayegaa| ___ cArvAka prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAva, donoM ko nahIM maantaa| vaha bhUtoM se sarvathA navIna utpatti aura unake viyoga ko sarvathA vinAza mAnatA hai| mImAMsaka bhI zabda ko sarvathA nitya mAnate haiN| yadi zabda meM prAgabhAva ko na mAnakara nitya mAnA jAye to puruSa ke tAlu Adi prayatna ko kyA mAnA jAyegA? 104. AptamI. tatvadIpikA TIkA. 1.13.129.31 105. virodhAnnobhayai....yujyate-A.mI. 1.13 106. bhauvaikAnte padArthAnAM.....matApakam A.mI. 1.9 107. sAMkhyakArikA 22. 108. vahI 11 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAMkhya ke anusAra 'padArtha' evaM mImAMsaka ke anusAra 'zabda' mAtra abhivyakta hote haiM, unakI utpatti nahIM hotI / kAraNoM ke dvArA avidyamAna vastu kI utpatti hotI hai| kisI AvaraNa se DhakI huI vastu ke kisI anya kAraNa se prakaTa hone ko abhivyakti kahate haiM, jaise aMdhere meM koI vastu hai para dikhAI nahIM de rahI hai, vahI dIpaka ke prakAza se dikhane lagatI hai, yahI abhivyakti hai / parantu prAgabhAva kA nirAkaraNa karane ke kAraNa ghaTa Adi kAryadravya anAdi ho jAyeMge aura pradhvaMsAbhAva ko na mAnane ke kAraNa kAryadravya ananta ho jAyeMge / 109. dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane para "yaha dharmI hai, ye isI dharmI ke dharma haiM aura yaha dharma aura dharmI meM saMbandha karAne vAlA 'samavAya' hai" - isa prakAra tIna bAtoM kA alaga-alaga jJAna prApta nahIM hotA / yadi kahe ki samavAya saMbandha se paraspara bhinna dharma aura dharmI kA saMbandha hotA hai to bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki jaisA jJAna dharma aura dharmI kA hotA hai vaisA 'samavAya' kA nahIM hotA / agara yaha kaheM ki eka 'samavAya' ko mukhya mAnakara samavAya meM samavAyatva ko gauNa mAna lene para samavAya kI siddhi ho jaayegii| to yaha kAlpanika mAtra hai, tathA isameM lokavirodha bhI hai / 110 kArya kI ekAnta nityatA meM puNya, pApa, paralokagamana Adi saba asaMbhava ho jAyeMge / 199 kSaNikaikAnta meM 'yaha vahI hai' - isa prakAra kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM rahegA, aura taba kArya kA AraMbha hI nahIM hogA to usakA phala kaise saMbhava hai / 112 kSaNika pakSa meM kAryakAraNabhAva bhI nahIM bana sakatA, kAryarUpa santAna kAraNa se sarvathA pRthak hai (bauddha pratyeka padArtha ko saMtAna mAnate haiM ) / 113 mAtra ko 'asat ' mAna leM to AkAzapuSpa kI taraha usakI utpatti hI nahIM ho sakegI / 114 109. kAryadravyamanAdi.. anaMnatAM vrajet-A.mI. 1.10 110. na na dharmadharmitva.... lokabAdhaH anyayo. - vya . 7. 111. puNyapApAkriyA.... teSAM na - A.mI. 3.40 112. kSaNikaikAMtapakSepi... kRtaH phalam - A.mI. 3.41 113. na hetuphalabhAvA.... pRthak - A.mI. 114. yadyasat sarvathA.....khapuppavat - A.mI. 3.43 44 3.42 For Personal & Private Use Only

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- ina sabhI ekAntavAdoM kA khaMDana karake jaina darzana vastu kA svarUpa virodhIyugaloM dvArA pratipAdita karatA hai| utpAda kyA hai: hamane dravya ko trilakSaNAtmaka siddha kiyA haiM parantu jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki 'utpAda'kyA hai? kisakA utpAda hotA hai? granthakAra yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM- "apanI-apanI jAti ko chor3ate hue bAhya aura AntarikadonoM nimittoM ko pAkara cetana dravya aura acetana dravya kA anya svaparyAya meM parivartita honA utpAda hai / 195 pUrvakAlika asat kA uttarakAla meM sattAlAbha utpAda nahIM hai, apitu ananubhUta kA uttarakAla meM prAdurbhAva hI utpAda hai / 116 vinAza kyA hai: apanI jAti kA tyAga kiye binA pUrva paryAya kA nAza honA vinAza yA vyaya hai, jaise piNDarUpa AkRti kA naSTa honA / 117 utpAda-vyaya kI isa pravAha paramparA meM sthAyitA na to naSTa hotI hai aura na utpanna / dravya kI eka paryAya kA vyaya hotA hai aura dUsarI paryAya kA utpAda, parantu dravya dhruva banA rahatA hai / 118 ___ utpAda aura vyaya yukta paryAya, guNa, aura dhrauvya se yukta sat (dravya) kA hI astitva hai| 'utpAda-vyaya' arthAt paryAya dravya rUpa sthAyI dharmI ke dharma haiN| na to dharma dharmI se vibhakta hotA hai aura na dharmI dharma kA parityAga karate haiN| dharma aura dharmI kI bhinnatA pramANasiddha nahIM hai| dharmadharmAtmaka vastu hI pramANa kA viSaya hai|19 dharma aura dharmI kI sattA kathaMcit sApekSa evaM kathaMcit nirapekSa hai| 115. cetanasyAcetanasya vA dravyasya....ghaTaparyAyavat-sa.si. 5.30 584 116. utpAdo bhUtabhavanaM. - zAstravArtA. 7.12 117. tathA pUrvabhAva vigamanaM vyayaH yathA ghaTautpattau piNDAkRteH sa.si. 5.30584 vinAzastadviparyaya: zAstravArtA. 7.12 evaM-ta.vA. 5.30 118. pra.sA.103. 119. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 57.36.3 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dravya-guNa-paryAya meM ekAnta bheda nahIM hai:___ nyAyavaizeSika dravya aura guNa ko sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiN| yadi dravya aura guNa ko sarvathA bhinna mAnA jAye to jaina darzana ke mata meM yA to dravya kI anantatA hogI yA abhaav| vyapadeza, saMsthAna, saMkhyA aura viSaya anekoM haiM, aura ve saba dravya aura guNa kI abhinnatA meM hI saMbhava haiN| deg dravya ke nAza hone kI AzaMkA isalie hai ki guNa dravyAzrita hI hote haiN| yadi 'guNa' dravya se bhinna hogA to guNa kisI aura kA Azrita hogA, aura vaha bhI yadi dravya se bhinna hogA taba to dravya meM anantatA AyegI, kyoMki guNa jisakA bhI Azrita hogA vaha dravya hI hogaa|" dharmI aura dharma (dravya aura guNa) ko sarvathA bhinna mAnane se vizeSyavizeSaNabhAra bhI saMbhava nahIM hai|22 ___ guNoM ko usake AzrayabhUta dravya se bhinna mAnane para guNa nirAzraya ho jAyeMge, evaM guNa se pRthak rahanevAlA dravya bhI niHsvarUpa hone se kalpanAmAtra banakara raha jaayegaa|3 vaizeSika dizA, kAla aura AkAza ko kriyAvAle dravyoM se vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa niSkriya mAnate haiN| karma aura guNa ko bhI ve niSkriya hI mAnate haiN| agara inheM niSkriya mAneM to "guNasandrAvo dravyam"25 yaha lakSaNa kaise siddha hogA? ekAntavAdiyoM ke mata meM to "dravyaM bhavye" yaha lakSaNa bhI siddha nahIM hotaa| jaba dravya hI asiddha hai, to usake 'bhavya' -hone (sattA kA anubhava rUpa kriyA se yukta hone) kI kalpanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai? guNa, karma aura sAmAnya se jaba 'dravya' sarvathA bhinna hai to kharaviSANa kI taraha asat hone se bhavana kriyA kA kartA nahIM ho sktaa| asat hone ke kAraNa usameM samavAya saMbandha ke kAraNa svarUpa' kI kalpanA bhI nahIM hogii| 20. jadi havadi madavvabhaNNaM......pakuvvaMti vavadesA saMThANA....vijjate -paM.kA. 44,46. 21. dravyasya guNebhyo bhede.....dravyAnaMtyam- paM.kA.TI. 44. 22. sa.ma.4.17.18 23. yadi guNA eva dravyAbhAvi....nirAdhAratvAd.....kalpanA dravyasya syAt rA.vA. 9.2.9.439 24. dikkAlAvakAzazaH.....niSkriyAH vai.da. 5.2.21,22. 25. pAtaMjala mahAbhASya 5.1.119 26. dravyaM bhavye ityayamapi dravyazabdaH ekAMtavAdinA.....anekAMtadinastu guNa sandrAvo dravyam, dravyaM 'bhavye' iti copapadyate rA. vA. 5.2.1.441.1.9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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'anekAntavAda' arthAt bhinna-bhinna svabhAva meM hI "guNa sandrAvo dravyaM" evaM "dravyaM bhavye"- ye donoM lakSaNa siddha hote haiN| "- vaizeSika dharma aura dharmI ko samavAya saMbandha se jor3ate haiN| yaha samavAya dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura vizeSa padArthoM meM rahatA hai / samavAya saMbandha ke kAraNa hI sarvathA bhinna dharma aura dharmI meM dharma-dharmI kA vyavahAra hotA hai / 27 - jaina darzana meM 'sat' aura 'dravya' paryAyavAcI haiM, jabaki vaizeSika 'sattA' aura 'dravya' ko alaga-alaga mAnatA hai, kyoMki vaha (sattA) pratyeka dravya meM (Adheya rUpa se) pAyI jAtI hai| jaise dravyatva nau dravyoM meM se pratyeka meM rahatA hai| ataH dravyatva ko dravya nahIM kahA jAta, parantu sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa (dravya) kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha 'sattA' bhI pratyeka dravya meM rahane ke kAraNa dravya nahIM apitu 'sAmAnya' kahI jAtI hai|9 . - jaina darzana dravya ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka mAnatA hai, jabaki vaizeSika darzana dravyAdi se vilakSaNa hone ke kAraNa 'vizeSa' ko padArthAntara mAnatA hai| prazastapAda ke anusAra antya meM hone ke kAraNa ve (vizeSa) antya haiM tathA Azraya ke niyAmaka . haiM ataH vizeSa haiN| ye vizeSa nityadravyoM meM rahate haiN|31 ___ 'sAmAnya' ko bhI vaizeSika loga 'sattA' se bhinna padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| yaha sAmAnya nitya aura vyApaka hai| sAmAnya ke do bheda haiM- para aura apr| sAmAnya dravya, guNa aura karma-ina tIna padArthoM meM rahatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika ke sarvathA bhedabhAva kA khaMDana karate hue AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM ki 'guNa aura guNI meM, kArya aura kAraNa meM tathA sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM 27. ghaTAdInAM kapAlAdau dravyeSu guNakarmaNoH / teSu jAtezca saMbaMdhaH samavAyaH prkiirtitH| -kAArikAvalI kA: 12. muktAvalI pR.23. 28. dravyaguNakarmabhyo'rthAntaraM sattA / vai.sU.1.2.4 29. syAdvAdamaMjarI pRSTha 49. 30. anteSu bhavA antyAH svAzrayavizeSakatvAda vizeSAH prazastapAdabhASya vizeSa prakaraNa pR.168 31. ansyo nityadraSyavRttiH vizeSaH prikiirtitH| - kA. 10. 32. sAmAnyaM dvividhaM proktaM.....parAparatayo ucyate - kA. 8.9. 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sarvathA bheda mAnanA anupayukta hai / 33 dravya guNa aura paryAya meM ekAnta abheda bhI nahIM hai: guNa aura guNI meM sarvathA abheda mAnane para yA to guNa raheMge yA guNIM, taba donoM kA vyapadeza saMbhava nahIM hogaa| akele guNI ke yA guNa ke rahane para yadi guNI rahatA hai to guNa kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa vaha niHsvabhAvI hokara apanA bhI vinAza kara baiThegA, aura yadi guNa rahatA hai to vaha nirAzraya hokara kahA~ Azraya legA ?34 brahmAdvaitavAdI saMpUrNataH abheda ko hI svIkAra karate haiM / upaniSadoM meM aise anekoM vAkya Ate haiM jo mAtra 'brahma' kI hI sattA ko sthApita karate haiM / 5 cetana-acetana samasta sRSTi ke tattva mAtra usa 'brahma' ke pratibhAsamAtra haiM / jisa prakAra timira rogI ko vizuddha AkAza bhI citra - vicitra rekhAoM se khacita dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra avidyA yA mAyA ke kAraNa eka hI brahma aneka prakAra ke deza kAla aura AkAra ke bhedoM se citra-vicitra pratibhAsita hotA hai / vastutaH sRSTi meM thA, hai aura rahegA, vaha saba bahma hai| . yahI brahma saMpUrNa sRSTi kI utpatti, sthiti aura vinAza kA usI prakAra kAraNa hai jisa prakAra makar3I apane jAla ke prati / 37 - sRSTi meM ekamAtra brahma hI satya hai, anya saba kucha mithyA hai - "bahma satyaM jaganmithyA" - yaha upaniSad kI prasiddha ukti hai, to kyA AtmazravaNa, manana aura dhyAna, jise ve Atmazuddhi kA aura amRta kI prApti kA mAdhyama mAnate haiM, vaha bhI mithyA hai yA avidyAtmaka hai ? vedAntI isakA bhI samAdhAna karate haiM aura kahate 33. kArya kAraNa nAnAtvaM..... yadIpyate / A.mI. 6.61. 34. ekAMtAnanyatve hi guNA eva vA syuH rA. vA. 5.2.9.439 34. yadi guNA eva dravyAbhAve nirAdhAratvAdabhAvaH syAt / - 35. sarvaM khalvidaM brahma / - chAndogya upa. 3.1.14 36. yathA vizuddhamAkAzaM timirApluto janaH saMkIrNamiva rekhAmAzizcitrAbhiratriminyate tathedamamalaM brahma nirvikAramavidyayA kaluSatvamivApannaM bhedarUpaM prapazyati - bRhadA. bhA. vA. 3.5.43.44 37. yathorNanAbhaH sRate gRhNItezca - muNkopa. 1.1.7 rA. vA. 5.2.9.439 48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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haiM- bhedarUpa hone se ye bhI avidyAtmaka haiM, parantu inase cU~ki vidyA kI utpatti saMbhava hai| jaise dhUla yukta pAnI ko svayaM dhUlamaya hote hue bhI kataka ke phala kA cUrNa svaccha kara detA hai; viSa ko viSa samApta kara detA hai, usI prakAra zravaNa Adi bhedarUpa avidyA hote hue bhI moha, rAga, dveSa, Adi mUla avidyA ko naSTa kara svagatabheda kI zAnti se nirvikalpa svarUpa ko prApta hotI hai|38 / ... saMpUrNa saMsAra brahma kA hI vivarta hai, para loga brahma ko na dekhakara usake vivarta ko hI dekhate haiM, 39 jabaki yaha mithyA hai, kyoMki yaha pratIti kA viSaya hai aura jo bhI pratIti ke viSaya haiM, ve mithyA haiM, jaise-'sIpa' meM 'cA~dI' kA vivarta / ___ jisa sRSTi ko mAyAmAtra kahakara brahmAdvaitavAdI 'brahma' ko hI sat mAnakara advaita siddha karate haiM, vaha 'mAyA' sat hai yA asat? agara mAyA ko sat mAne to advaita nahIM rahegA Ara asat mAne to tInoM lokoM ke padArthoM kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| yadi yaha kaheM ki mAyA 'mAyA' (anivarcanIya-asat) hokara arthakriyA karatI hai, to usI prakAra virodhAbhAsa hogA jaise yaha kahanA ki eka strI mAM hokara bhI bAMjha hai|49 jaina darzana samanvaya karatA hai:- jaina darzana kA dRSTikoNa ApekSika rahA hai / vaha ekAnta se na bheda mAnatA hai aura na abheda / usakI mAnyatA hai-jo dravya hai vaha guNa yA paryAya nahIM, aura jo guNa yA paryAya hai vaha dravya nhiiN| guNa aura guNI se bheda na kareM to dravya kA lakSaNa saMbhava nahIM hai| dvaita ke abhAva meM advaita kI siddhi saMbhava hI nahIM hai| " 38. yathA payo payontaraM jayayati svayaM ca jIryatiH, yathA viSaM viSAMtaraM zamayati svayaM ca sAmyati, yathA ca katakarajo rajontarAvile payasi prakSiptaM rajontarANi bhiMdat syayamapi bhidyamAnamanAvaliM payaH karoti evaM karma avidyAtmakamapi avidyAntarANi apagamayat svayamapyapagacchatIti / - . brahmasU. zA.bhA.bhA. pRSTha 32. 39. sarvaM vai khalvidaM.....tatpazyati kazcana-chAndogya u. 14 40. syAdvAdamaMjarI 13.112. 41. mAyA satI ced....vandhyA ca bhevat pareSAm / - anyayo. 13. 42. teSAmeva guNAnAM taiH pradezaH viSiSTA bhinna.....-pra.sA.ta.pra.130 43. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA TIkA, 3.1.2.63 . 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina darzana ke anusAra lakSaNarUpa bheda hone para bhI vastusvarUpa se guNa aura guNI abhinna haiM / 5 yadyapi ye Apasa meM vizeSaNavizeSyabhAva se saMbandhita haiM, phira bhI donoM abhinna haiM / 6 dravya meM guNa-guNI kA bheda prAdezika nahIM hai, apitu atadbhAvika hai / " saMjJA kI apekSA bheda avazya pratIta hotA hai, parantu sattA kI apekSA donoM meM abheda hai / 48 kathaMcit bhedAbheda ke kAraNa hI 'dravya' isa saMjJA kI siddhi ho pAtI hai / 49 guNa aura dravya paraspara avibhakta rUpa se rahate haiM, ataH abheda hai tathA saMjJA, lakSaNa, prayojana Adi kI apekSA bheda hai / . jainadarzana meM bhedAbheda kI svIkRti se virodhoM kI samApti svataH hI ho jAtI hai / hameM vastu ke svarUpa ko kathaMcit svIkAra karanA cAhiye / advaita ekAnta ko mAnane se usameM kArakoM (karttA, karma, karaNa) kA jo pratyakSasiddha bheda mAnate haiM, usameM virodha AtA hai, kyoMki eka vastu svayaM apane se utpanna nahIM hotI / 5deg utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvya meM kAla kI bhinnatA evaM abhinnatA: dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda-vyaya - dhrauvya yukta hai / vastu ke ina lakSaNoM meM kAla kI bhinnatA bhinnA bhI hai aura abhinnatA bhI / inheM dravya se bhinna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai aura abhinna bhI, " kyoMki jo sikur3ane kA samaya hai vaha phailane kA nahIM aura eka apekSA se sikur3ane ke aura phailane ke samaya meM bhinnatA bhI nahIM / " jisa 44. advaitaM na binA dvaitAdaheturiva.. . hetunA. - A.mI. 2.27. 45. dravyaM ca lakSyalakSaNa bhAvAdibhya... bhUtameveti maMtavyam. - paM. kA. TI . 9. 46. 1.1.14.242 (rAjavArtika ?) 47. pra. sA.ta. pra.vR. 98. 48. dravyaguNAnAmadhyAdezavazAt..... maMtavyam - paM. kA.TI. 13. 49. kathaMcid bhedAbhedopapattestadvyapadezAsiddhiH 5.2.5.529 50. advaitekAMta....svasmAt prajAyate. - A.mI. 2. 24 51. sanmati tarka 3.36 52. jo AUMcaNa kAlo.... kAlaMtaraNatthi . - 50 sa.ta. 3.36 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAra tarAju ke eka palar3e kA Upara jAnA aura dUsare kA nIce AnA eka sAtha hotA hai, usI prakAra utpAda aura vyaya bhI eka kAla meM hI hote haiM / 53 isa prakAra 'dravya eka hI kSaNa meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai / 54 pUrva paryAya ke vinAza kA kSaNa hI uttaraparyAya ke utpAda kA kSaNa hai / ataH utpAda aura vinAza samakAlIna haiN| isa apekSA se inameM kAlabheda haiM bhI sahI kyoMki eka paryAya kI AdikAlIna sImA aura aMtimakAlIna sImA bhinnabhinna haiN| jisa samaya utpAda -vinAza rUpa paryAya parivartana ghaTita hotA hai usa samaya bhI vastu sAmAnyarUpa se vidyamAna rahatI hai / jaise aMgulI eka vastu hai, vaha jaba sIdhI (sarala) hai taba Ter3hI nahIM hai aura jaba Ter3hI hai taba sIdhI nahIM / aMgulI meM Ter3hApana paryAya ke utpAda aura saralatA rUpa paryAya ke vinAza kA samaya alaga-alaga nahIM hai; yaha huI eka vastu rUpa aMgulI meM utpAdavinAza rUpa do paryAyoM ke eka sAtha hone kI vyAkhyA / aba eka paryAya vakratA ko leM to utpAda - vinAza kA kAlabheda spaSTa ho jAyegA / aMgulI kA Ter3hApana miTA aura vaha sarala banI; yaha aMgulI kI saralatA kA utpAdakAla, amuka samaya taka sarala rahakara vakra banI; yaha saralatA kA vinAzakAla aura saralatA se vakratA taka kI yAtrA ke madhya jo samaya vyatIta huA vaha saralatA kA sthitikAla banA / 55 ise aura spaSTa karane ke lie sammati tarka ke sampAdakIya meM makAna kA udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai| jaba makAna nirmANa kI prakriyA se gujaratA hai, taba vaha saMpUrNa makAna kI apekSA to utpadyamAna (adhUrA) hai, parantu usake jitane bhAga paripUrNa ho gaye, unakI apekSA se use 'bana gayA' kaheMge aura jo banane bAkI haiM, unakI apekSA use kaheMge ki 'banegA / ' 56 utpanna hote dravya ko kaheMge 'ho gayA', ho rahe ko kaheMge 'naSTa ho gayA' isa prakAra kahakara dravya ko trikAlaviSayI 53. nAzotpAdau ...... tulAntayoH / uddhRta - A.mI. 220 pR. me 54. sabhavedaM khalu davvaMsaNNidaTThehiM - pra. sA. 102. 55. sanmatitarka meM saMpAdaka yugala kA vivecana 3.35.37.295,96. 56. vahI 3 sa.ta. 3.37 51 For Personal & Private Use Only

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banA dete haiN| yahA~ vivecita evaM siddhasena dvArA nirUpita utpAdAdi meM kAlabhinnatA kArya kI pUrNatA kI dRSTi se hai| prakriyA kI apekSA se to kAla kI abhinnatA hI hai| bhArata meM mukhyarUpa se tIna prakAra kI vicAradhArA pAyI jAtI haipariNAmavAdI, saMghAtavAdI, aura aarmbhvaadii| sAMkhya vastu kA mAtra rUpAntara mAnate haiM, ataH ve pariNAmavAdI haiM; bauddha sthUla ko bhI sUkSma dravyoM kA samUhamAtra mAnate haiM, ataH saMghAtavAdI; aura vaizeSika anekoM dravyoM ke saMyoga se apUrva navIna vastu yA dravya kI utpatti mAnate haiM, ataH ve ArambhavAdI kahalAte haiN| . __ jaina darzana na ArambhavAdI, na saMghAtavAdI aura na hI pariNAmavAdI hai, vaha kathaMcit sabhI ko mAnatA hai| sabhI dravya svatantra haiM: sat svayaM apane pariNamanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa paraspara nimittanaimittika banakara pratikSaNa parivartita hote rahate haiN| bAhya aura Abhyantara sAmagrI ke anusAra samasta kArya utpanna hote haiM aura paryAya kI apekSA se vinaSTa bhii| inameM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva banate haiM, phira bhI 'sat' svatantra aura paripUrNa hai| vaha apane guNa-paryAya kA svAmI bhI hai aura AdhAra bhii| ___eka dravya dUsare dravya meM koI nayA pariNamana nahIM lA sktaa| jaisI-jaisI sAmagrI upasthita hotI jAtI hai, kArya-kAraNa niyama ke anusAra dravya svayaM vaisA vaisA pariNata hotA jAtA hai / jisa samaya prabala bAhya sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hotI, usa samaya dravya svayaM kI prakRti ke anusAra sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatI hI hai| eka dravya dUsare meM koI nayA guNotpAda nahIM krtaa| sabhI dravya apane apane svabhAva se utpanna hote haiM arthAt paryAya parivartana karate haiM / 57 isI taraha pratyeka dravya apanI paripUrNa akhaMDatA aura vyakti svAtantrya kI caramaniSThA para apane-apane pariNamana cakra kA svAmI hai| koI dravya dUsare dravya 57. samayasAra 372 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kA niyantraka nahIM hai / pratyeka sat kA apane hI guNa aura paryAya para adhikAra hai / I sabhI dravya svabhAva meM rahate hue svadravya kA hI kArya karate haiM; koI dravya anya dravya kA kArya nahIM karatA / 58 jo 'guNa jisa dravya meM hote haiM ve usI dravya meM rahate haiM, anyatra saMkramaNa nahIM karate / guNa- paryAya apane hI dravya meM rahate hai / " sat svalakSaNa vAlA svasahAya evaM nirvikalpa hotA hai / 60 sabhI prakAra ke saMkara va zUnya doSoM se rahita saMpUrNavastu sadbhUta vyavahAranaya se aNu kI taraha ananyazaraNa hai, aisA jJAna hotA hai / dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaha hai| una chahoM dravyoM meM se koI bhI dravya apane svabhAva kA parityAga nahIM krtaa| yadyapi ve paraspara meM mile hue rahate haiN| eka dUsare meM praveza bhI karate haiM tathA eka hI kSetra meM rahate haiM / 62 pratyeka dravya svatantra hai / do dravya milAkara eka paryAya nahIM banAte aura na do dravyoM kI eka paryAya banatI hai / dravya aneka haiM aura aneka hI rahate haiM / 63 dravya svayaM hI kartA, karma, aura kriyA- tInoM hai / dravya paryAyamaya banakara pariNamana karatA hai| jo pariNamana huA vahI dravya kA karma hai aura pariNati hI kriyA hai, arthAt dravya hI kartA hai, kriyA tathA karma kA svAmI bhI vahI hai / 65 kartA, kriyA, aura karma, bhinna pratIta avazya hote haiM, parantu inakI sattA bhinna nahIM hai| svayaM kI paryAya kA svAmI svayaM hai / 66 58. sarvabhAva nija bhAva nihAre para kAraja ko koyana dhaare| - dravyaprakAza 109. 59. jo jamhi guNe davve.... pariNAmae davvaM / 1 amRtacaMdrAcArya kRta TIkA / 60. tattvaM sallakSaNikaM - svasahAyaM nirvikalpaM -ca.pa.dha.pU. 8.528 61. astamitasarvasaMkaradoSaM kSatasarvazUnyadoSaM vA / aNuriva vastu samastaM jJAnaM bhavatItyananyazaraNam / sa.mA. 103. vistAra ke liye isI kI vahIM pa.dha.pU. 528 62. avaropparaM vimissa.... . parasahAve gacchaMti - na.ca.vR. 7 63. "nobhau pariNAmataH.....manekameva sadA / " 64. vahI 51 65. vahI 52 66. appA appu jiparU ji, paru appA paru jiNa hoI / paruNi kayAi vi appU NiyameM pamaNehi joii| - paramAtma prakAza 1.67 53 adhyAtma amRta kalaza 53. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
- bhedavijJAna kI bhASA meM vettA kI nijavastu AtmA hI hai, dehAdi padArtha para hI hai / paradravya AtmA nahIM hotA aura AtmA para dravya nahIM hotaa|67 .. samasta padArtha svabhAva se hI apane svarUpa meM sthita haiM / ve kabhI anya padArthoM se anyathA nahIM kiye jA sakate / evaMbhUtanaya kI dRSTi se dekhA jAye to sabhI dravya svapratiSThita haiN| inameM AdhAra AdheyabhAva nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya se hI paraspara AdhAraAdheya bhAva kI kalpanA hotI hai| jaise vAyu kA AdhAra AkAza, jala kA vAyu aura pRthvI kA AdhAra jala mAnA jAtA hai|68 sat sapratipakSa hai:___jaina darzana sat kA svarUpa virodhI yugala se pratipAdita karatA hai / sat kI sattA parivartana ke sAtha hI zAzvata hai| na to sarvathA sat hai Ara na sarvathA asat, apitu kathaMcit sat bhI hai asat bhii| pratipakSa(asat) ke abhAva meM sat kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai / sattA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka, eka, sarvapadArthasthita savizvarUpa, anantaparyAyamaya aura sapratipakSa hai|69 vastu kathaMcit hI asat hai, sarvathA nhiiN| isI prakAra apekSAbheda se vastu ubhayAtmaka aura avAcya hai, naya kI apekSA se hI vastu sat Adi rUpa hai; sarvathA nhiiN| naya kA vivecana isI prakaraNa meM Age ke pRSThoM meM kiyA gayA hai / jaina darzana vastu ko apekSA se hI pratipAdita karatA hai| vaktA jisa dRSTi se vastu ke svarUpa ko kahanA cAhatA hai usI dRSTi se usa vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / vaktA ke abhiprAya ke viruddha yadi eka hI dRSTikoNa se vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAye to avyavasthA nizcit hai| jaina darzana meM vastu kA ekAntika rUpa mithyA hai| ataH samasta vastuoM kA anekAntAtmaka rUpa se hI pramANa kA viSaya mAnanA caahiye|" 67. sarve bhAvAH svabhAvena svasvabhAvavyavasthitAH 1 na zakyatenyathA kartuM te pareNa kadAcana / -pa.dha.pU. 461 / 68. rA.vA.5.12.454 69. paMcAstikAya8. evaM sabhASya tattvArthA pR. 282 70. kathaMcit te na srvthaa| - A.mI. 1.14 71. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 57.363. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
vastu sadasadAtmaka hai: svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla evaM svabhAva kI apekSA saba padArtha sat haiM aura pararUpAdi (paradravya, parakAla evaM parabhAva) kI apekSA sabhI padArtha asat haiM / 72 cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, isa niyama kA koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai / agara isa niyama ko asvIkRta kara diyA jAye to yA to sAra saMsAra zUnya ho jAyegA yA dravya kI sattA kA koI niyama nahIM rahegA / vastu meM vAcyAvAcyatva hai: eka hI vastu meM ananta dharma pAye jAte haiN| ina ananta dharmoM meM se jisa dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA jAye vaha mukhya aura anya dharma gauNa kahe jAte haiM, ye hI zAstrIya bhASA meM kramazaH arpita aura anarpita bhI kahe jAte haiM / 73 jaba krama se svarUpAdi catuSTayI kI apekSA se sat tathA pararUpAdi catuSTayI kI apekSA se asat arpita hote haiM usa samaya vastu kathaMcit ubhayAtmaka .(sadasadAtmaka) hotI hai aura jaba koI svarUpAdi catuSTaya tathA pararUpAdi catuSTaya ke dvArA vastu ke satvAdi dharmoM kA eka sAtha pratipAdana karanA cAhatA hai to aisA koI zabda nahIM milatA jo eka hI zabda meM donoM dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara sakeaisI avasthA meM vastu avAcya hai / 74 vastu meM astitva - nAstitva hai: *1 astitva aura nAstitva, ye Apasa meM avinAbhAvI haiM / astitva ke abhAva stitva nahIM haiM aura nAstitva ke abhAva meM astitva nahIM hai / avinAbhAva arthAt eka saMbandha, jo una do padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai jinameM se eka padArtha ke * binA dUsarA na raha sake / eka hI vastu meM rahane vAlA astitva vizeSaNa hone se pratiSedhya (nAstitva) kA avinAbhAvI hai, jaise hetu meM vizeSaNa hone se sAdharmya vaidharmya kA avinAbhAvI 72. sadevaM sarvaM ko vyavatiSThate / A.mI. 1.15 - 73. arpitAnarpitasiddheH ta. sU. / 5.32 evaM sa. si. 5.32.588 74. kramArpitAdvayAd... zAktitaH / A.mI. 1.16 55 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
hotA hai|75 ___anvaya ko sAdharmya aura vyatireka ko vaidharmya kahate haiM / hetu ke hone para sAdhya kA honA anyava hai| hetu ke abhAva meM sAdhya kA nahIM honA vyatireka hai| parvata meM agni hai, dhUma hone se|' yahA~ dhUma hetu hai aura agni sAdhya hai, jahA~ vahni nahIM hotI vahA~ dhuMA bhI nahIM hotA, yaha vyatireka hai| ___ yadyapi nyAya darzana kucha hetuoM ko kevala anvayI aura kucha hetuoM ko kevala vyatirekI mAnatA hai, para jaina nyAya ke anusAra sUkSmatA se dekhA jAye to koI bhI hetu na kevala anvayI hotA hai aura na kevala vytirekii| ___ bauddha tattva (svalakSaNa) ko sarvathA avAcya mAnate haiN| usameM vidhi niSedha rUpa vyavahAra sarvathA saMvRti (kalpanA) se hotA hai| vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai: dravya eka bhI hai aura aneka bhii| sAmAnya kI apekSA eka hai aura vizeSa kI apekSA aneka haiM / sAmAnya sattA sabhI padArthoM meM samAna rUpa se rahatI hai| vizeSa sattA sabhI padArthoM kI bhinna-bhinna hai| ghaTa kI sattA se paTa kI sattA bhinna hai| isa sAmAnya sattA aura vizeSa sattA ko to 'padArtha kI AtmA' taka kaha diyA gayA hemacandrAcArya ne bhI isI mAnyatA kI puSTi kI hai ki "samasta padArtha sAmAnya kI apekSA aneka hokara bhI eka haiM aura eka hokara bhI vizeSa kI apekSA aneka advaitavAdI, mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya sAmAnya ko sat rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, bauddha vizeSa ko hI sat mAnate haiM, nyAya-vaizeSika sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko nirapekSa aura bhinna-bhinna mAnate haiN| 78 75. "astitvaM......bhedAvivakSayA"-A.mI. 1.17 76. sAmAnyavizeSAtmA tadarthoM viSayaH |-priikssaamukh 4.1 77. anyayo. vya. 14 evaM A. mI. 2.34 78. syAdvAmaMjarI 14.120 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
parantu jaina darzana sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka sattA yukta ko hI sat mAnatA hai / usakA spaSTa kathana hai ki vizeSa rahita sAmAnya kharagoza ke sIMga ke samAna hai aura sAmAnya rahita vizeSa bhI isI prakAra se asat hai / 79 candrAcArya ne bhI apane grantha meM ekAnta sAmAnya vizeSa kA khaMDana karate hue kahA ki jo alaga-alaga dikhane vAlI pA~ca a~guliyoM meM kevala sAmAnya rUpa ko dekhatA hai vaha puruSa apane sira para sIMga hI dekhatA hai / ataH vizeSa ko chor3akara mAtrapadArthoM meM sAmAnya kA jJAna honA asaMbhava hai| bauddha sAmAnya aura svalakSaNa meM bheda mAnate haiM / unake anusAra svalakSaNa kA kArya arthakriyA karanA hai, sAmAnya koI arthakriyA nahIM karatA / svalakSaNa paramArthasat hai aura sAmAnya saMvRttasat arthAt kAlpanika hai / " jaina darzana vastuko virodhI yugala se siddha karatA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra "virodhI dharmoM kA aviruddha sadbhAva pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha hai / vastu meM virodhI dharma kA honA vastu ko bhI rucikara hai, hama unakA niSedha nahIM kara sakate / 1 82. sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko nirapekSa yA abhinna mAnanA pramANAbhAsa ho sakatA hai, pramANa nahIM // 3 hama sAmAnya ko zAzvata aura vizeSa ko azAzvata bhI kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa kahA hai ki sAmAnya kI apekSA vastu na utpanna hotI hai aura na naSTa, parantu vizeSa kI apekSA utpanna bhI hotI hai aura naSTa bhI / 4 vastu (sad) kA arthakriyAkArI honA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba usameM virodhI dharmoM kA yugapat astitva ho / vidhi aura niSedha rUpa ubhayadharmoM kI eka sAtha upalabdhi 79. nirvizeSaM hi sAmAnyaM bhavecchazaviSANavata. - mI. lo. AkR. zlo. 10. 80. etAsu paMcasvavabhAsanISu IkSate sa. azokaviracita sAmAnya draSaNadikganthe uddhRteyam syAdvAda. 24.922 89. yadeva arthakriyAkAri.... svAsAmAnyalakSaNe / - pramANa vA 2.3 82. viruddha mapi saMsiddhaM tatra ke vayam - aSTasa. pR. 292 83. pramANa nayatatvA. 6.86.87 84. na sAmAnyatmano....dayApi sat / - A.mI. 9.57 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
meM hI arthakriyA pAyI jAtI hai jaise bahiraMga aura antaraMga kAraNoM se hI kArya kI niSpatti hotI hai, inake binA nhiiN|85 isa prakAra jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra samasta vastuoM meM pratipakSI (virodhI) dharma pAyA jAtA hai|6 loka meM jo kucha hai vaha saba dvipadAvatAra hai, isakA samarthana ThANAMga bhI karatA hai| ... anantadharmAtmaka vastu hI kArya kara sakatI hai, isakI puSTi svAmI kArtikeya bhI karate haiN| jo vastu anekAntasvarUpa hai vahI niyama se kAryakArI hotI hai| ekAntarUpa dravya kAryakSama nahIM ho sakatA; aura jo kAryakSama nahIM hotA use dravya nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki pariNamana rahita nitya dravya na vinAza ko prApta hotA hai aura na utpAda ko, phira vaha kArya kaise karatA hai, aura jo kSaNa-kSaNa meM vinAza ko prApta hotA hai vaha bhI anvayI dravya se rahita hone ke kAraNa kAryakArI nahIM ho sktaa| naya kA svarUpa aura usakI vyAkhyA:- . .. jaba taka hama nayavAda kI carcA nahIM kareMge, hamArA vivecana adhUrA rhegaa| saMpUrNa jJAna prApti ke do AdhAra mAne gaye haiM- pramANa aura naya / anekadharmAtmaka vastu ko akhaMDa rUpa se grahaNa karanA pramANa hai| ise sakalAdeza bhI kahate haiN|' naya vastu ke eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai, sAtha hI dUsare naya kI vivakSA rakhatA hai| durnaya eka dharma ko grahaNa karake anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai|91 85. evaM vidhiniSedhA....rupAdhibhiH - A.mI. 1.21 86. evaM sapratipakSe sarvasminneva vastutvesmin / uddhRteyaM syAdvAdaratnAkara 5.88.34 87. ThANaM 2.1 . 88. jaM vatthu aNeyaMta....dIsae loe "eyataM puNa davvaM kerisa dava" vihINaM.... kahaM kuNaipajayabhittaM taccaM..... kiMpi saahdi| - krA.pre. 225.28 89. prmaannnyairdhigmH|- ta.sU. 1.6 90. tathA coktaM sakAmodezaH pramANAdhInaH / - sa. si. 1.6 91. anekasyAnekarUpA, dhI. pramANaM tadaMzadhIH / nayo dharmAntarApekSI, durnayastannirAkRtiH / aSTazatI meM uddhRta pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
naya kI vyAkhyA karate hue AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA - anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA, hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ke prApta karAne samartha prayoga ko naya kahate haiM / 92 yahA~ yaha bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki vastu to anantadharmAtmaka hai, taba usake eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle jJAna ko naya kaise kahate haiM / isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki naya ke abhAva meM syAdvAda kI vyAkhyA saMbhava nahIM hai| jo ekAntavAda yA Agraha se apanI mukti cAhatA hai use naya ko jAnanA atyanta Avazyaka hai / 13 anekAnta kI siddhi meM naya kI vahI bhUmikA hai jo samyaktva meM zraddhA kI, guNoM meM tapa kI aura dhyAna meM ekAgratA kI hai / 14 naya ko vikalAdeza bhI kahate yahA~ yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki naya pramANabhUta hai yA apramANabhUta / isakA samAdhAna hA~ meM bhI nahIM diyA jA sakatA aura nA meM bhI nhiiN| jaise ghar3e meM bhare samudra ke jala ko na samudra kahA jAtA hai na asamudra / " jaise ghaDe kA jala samudraikadeza hai samudra nahIM, vaise hI naya pramANaikadeza haiM apramANa nahIM / antara itanA hai ki pramANa meM pUrNa vastu kA grahaNa hotA hai aura naya meM vastu ke kisI eka pakSa kA pUrva meM hama inhIM pramANaikadeza bhUta nayoM ke dvArA vastu meM sapratipakSatva, trAcyAvAcyatva Adi dharmoM kA pratipAdana kara Aye haiM / yahA~ ina vastudharmoM ko anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM kisane aura kisa svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, isakA aMgulanirdeza nimna anucchedoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai| 92. sa. si. 133.241 93. nayacakra 175 94. nayakacakra 176 95. sa. si. 1.6.24 96. nAyaM vastu..... yathocyate, tattvArthazloka 1.6 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
vibhinna vastudharmo ke viSaya meM dArzanika tulanA : sad-asad : jaina darzana to vastu ko sadasadAtmaka mAnatA hI hai, parantu vaizeSika darzana meM bhI maharSi kaNAda ne anyonyAbhAva ke nirUpaNa meM vastu ko ubhayarUpa hI svIkAra kiyA hai / 7 97 gautama RSi ke nyAyasUtra kI vaidika vRtti meM 'karma se utpanna hone vAlA phala * utpatti se pUrva sat hai athavA asat' ? isa prazna ke uttara meM "utpAda vyaya darzanAt" ( 4.1.49 nyAyasUtra . ) isa sUtra kI TIkA meM hUbahU jaina darzana ke samAna hI vastu kI sadasAdAtmakatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| bheda - abheda: vedAnta darzana ne bhI bhedAbheda ko svIkAra kiyA hai / vyAsa racita brahmasUtra para bhAskarAcArya ne apane bhASya meM "zabdAntarAcca" (2.1.18) sUtra para svIkAra kiyA hai ki vastu meM atyanta bheda svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 19 advaitaH - abhinnavAda meM bhI bhedAbheda kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai / vidyAraNya svAmI kAryakAraNa siddhAnta para carcA karate hue karate hue apane grantha meM likhate haiM'ghar3A miTTI se na to ekAnta rUpa se bhinna haiM aura na abhinna / 100 sAmAnya- vizeSa: kumArali bhaTTa ne apane grantha meM vastu ke svarUpa ko spaSTataH sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 101 97. saccAsat / yaccAnyadasadatastadasat - vaizeSika da.a. 9 A. 1 sU. 4.5 uddhRta caMpAbAI abhi. graM. 250 98. vaidikI vRtti: uddhRta vahI 99. vahI pR. 251. 100. sa ghaTo nA mRdo.... manavikSaNAt / vahI 101. vahI pR. 251.52. 60 For Personal & Private Use Only

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yadyapi bhinna-bhinna darzanoM meM uparokta virodhI yugaloM kA pratipAdana upalabdha hotA hai, parantu jisa prakAra kA tarkayukta aura spaSTa pratipAdana jaina darzana meM hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai / itara darzanoM meM sapratipakSa vastu kA vivecana apavAda rUpa meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| yadyapi naya meM vastu ke eka hI aMza ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, phira bhI anya sabhI dharmoM kI apekSA rahatI hai / pramANa 'tat' aura 'atat' - sabhI ko jAnatA hai, naya meM kevala 'tat' kI pratIti hotI hai / 102 sApekSatA naya kA prANa hai / jo parapakSa kA niSedha karake apane hI pakSa meM Agraha rakhate haiM, ve sAre mithyA haiM / 103 jaba ve paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyag hote haiM, jaise maNiyA~ jaba taka dhAge meM piroI nahIM jAtI taba taka mAlA nahIM banatI / 104. cU~ki vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai, isalie svAbhAvika rUpa se unake dharma ko grahaNa karane vAle abhiprAya bhI ananta haiM, aura una ananta abhiprAyoM ke kAraNa naya bhI ananta haiM, 105 phira bhI inheM mukhyarUpa se do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai / vastu svarUpataH abheda hai aura apane meM maulika hai, parantu guNa aura paryAya ke * dharmoM dvArA aneka hai / abhedagrAhI dRSTi dravyArthika naya aura bhedagrAhI dRSTi paryAyArthika 1 naya kahalAtI hai / 106 svAmI kArtikeya ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - yukti ke bala se jo paryAyoM ko kahatA hai vaha paryAyArthika 107 aura jo vastu ke sAmAnya svarUpa ko kahatA hai vaha dravyArthika naya hai / 108 nayoM kI apekSA se hI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva, ina cAra nikSepoM kA 102. dharmAMtarAdAnyopekSAM tadanyAnirAkRtezca - aSTa. pR. 290. 103. nirapekSA... narthakRta. - A. mI. 104. jahaNeya lakkhaNaguNA.... visesaNNAo / - sa.ta. 1.22.25 105. jAvaiyA vayaNapaTTA..... vayavAyA / - sa. ta. 3.47 106. davvaThThiyavattattvaM.. .... pajjavva vantavvabhagyoya - sa. ta. 1.29 107. kA. pre. 10.270 108. vahI 10.269 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
vibhAga isa prakAra hotA hai- paryAyArthika naya mAtra bhAvanikSepa ko tathA dravyArthika naya avaziSTa tInoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / 109 . . .... donoM naya milakara hI sat ke lakSaNa grahaNa karate haiM, kyoMki sat kA lakSaNa sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM se milakara banatA hai / 110 dravyArthika naya kA vaktavya paryAyArthika naya kI dRSTi se avastu hai aura paryAyArthika naya kA vaktavya dravyArthika naya kI apekSA avastu hai| kyoMki dravyArthika naya mAtra sAmAnya ko hI dekhatA hai aura paryAyArthika naya mAtra vizeSa ko hI dekhatA hai / 111 ___ agara eka hI naya se samasta vastu dharmoM ko grahaNa kareM to sat meM pariNamana saMbhava nahIM haiM kyoMki yadi mAtra dravyArthika naya ko svIkAra kareM taba to saMsAra meM parivartana saMbhava hI nahIM, kyoMki yaha naya mAtra zAzvata kI apekSA kathana karatA hai| aura isI prakAra, mAtra paryAyArthika naya meM bhI saMsAra saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki yaha mAtra azAzvata dharmoM kI apekSA kathana karatA hai / 112 sukha-duHkha kI kalpanA nityAnitya pakSa meM hI saMbhava hai|193 pudgaloM kA yoga hone se karmabandha hotA hai aura kaSAya ke kAraNa baMdhe hue karmoM kI sthiti kA nirmANa hotA hai| ekAnta rUpa se kSaNika yA zAzvata bandha sthiti kA nirmANa asaMbhava hai / 114 bandha aura sthiti ke abhAva meM na to saMsAra meM bhaya kI pracuratA hogI aura na mukti kI AkAMkSA / 115 - AdhyAtmika dRSTi se bhI nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kI hI mAnyatA hai / 116 109. sa. si. 1.24.116 110. ee puNa saMgahao....mUlaNayA- sa.ta. 1.13 111. sa.ta. 1.11 112. sa.ta. 1.17 113. sa.ta. 1.18 114. kamma jogAnipittaM....baMdhaTThiikAraNaMNatthi- sa.ta. 1.19 115. baMdhammi apUrate.....Natthi mokkhoya / - sa.ta. 1.20 116. nayasAgara gA. 183 - For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
kundakundAcArya ne nizcayanaya ko bhUtArtha arthAt vastu ke zuddha svarUpa kA grAhaka aura vyavahAranaya ko abhUtArtha vastu ke azuddhasvarUpa kA vivecaka kahA badravyoM kA vibhAjana: jainadarzana ne dravyoM kI saMkhyA chaha svIkAra kI hai| una chaH dravyoM ke vibhinna vibhAjana haiM, ve yahA~ (apekSA se) prastuta haiN| cetana-acetana kI apekSAH dravya do haiM jIva aura ajIva / cetanA aura upayoga jIva ke lakSaNa haiM inake viparIta lakSaNoM vAlA ajIva hai / 118 mUrta-amUrta kI apekSA: AkAza, kAla, jIva, dharma aura adharma amUrta haiM, pudgala dravya mUrta hai / 199 kriyAvAna aura bhAvavAna kI apekSAH.. dharma, adharma, kAla aura AkAza niSkriya haiM, pudgala aura jIva sakriya hai| yaha bAta arthApatti se prApta ho jAtI hai / 120 pravacanasAra ke anusAra 'pudgala' aura 'jIva' bhAva vAle aura kriyA vAle hote haiM, kyoMki pariNAma, saMghAta aura bheda ke dvArA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ko prApta karate haiN| zeSa dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla mAtra bhAvavAn haiM, kyoMki kevala pariNAma dvArA hI unameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya hotA hai| bhAva kA lakSaNa pariNAma mAtra hai aura kriyA kA lakSaNa parispaMdana / 121 eka aura aneka kI apekSAH dharma, adharma aura AkAza-dravya kI apekSA eka hI haiM, jIva aura pudgala 117. vavahAro mudattho....havadi jIvo-sa.sA. 11. 118. pravacanasAra 127, paM. kA. 124 119. paM. kA. 97 120. adhikRtAnAM dharmAdharmAkAzAnAM.....sakriyatvamaryAdApannam-sa.si.5.7.273. 121. kriyAbhAvavatvena..... kriyAvaMtazca bhavanti / - pra.sA.ta.pra. 129 . 63 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
aneka haiN|122 vasunandi ne jIva aura pudgala kI taraha vyavahAra kAla ko bhI aneka rUpa mAnA hai / 123 pariNAmI aura nitya kI apekSAH svabhAva tathA vibhAva pariNAmoM se jIva tathA pudgala pariNAmI haiM, zeSa cAra dravya vibhAvavyaJjana paryAya ke abhAva kI mukhyatA se apariNAmI haiM / 124 sapradezI aura apradezI kI apekSAH lokapramANa mAtra asaMkhyapradezayukta jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura pudgala sapradezI haiM, kAla apradezI hai, kyoMki usameM kAyatva nahIM hai / 125 . ina dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva ko pradezoM ke samUhayukta hone ke kAraNa hI astikAya kahate haiN| kAla meM pradezoM kA abhAva hai, ataH nAstikAya hai / 26 ise apradezI bhI kahate haiN| kSetravAn evaM akSetravAn kI apekSAH ___ sabhI dravyoM ko avakAza dene ke kAraNa mAtra AkAza hI kSetravAn hai, anya pA~coM akSetravAn haiM / 120 sarvagata evaM asarvagata kI apekSAH___ loka aura aloka meM vyApta hone kI apekSA se AkAza ko sarvagata kahA jAtA hai / lokAkAza meM vyApta hone ke kAraNa dharma aura adharma bhI sarvagata haiM / eka jIva kI apekSA se jIva asarvagata hai, parantu lokapUraNa samudghAta kI avasthA meM eka jIva kI apekSA se sarvagata hai| bhinna-bhinna jIvoM kI apekSA to sarvagata hotA hI hai| pudgaladravya lokavyApaka mahAskaMdha kI apekSA se sarvagata hai hI, zeSa pudgalo kI apekSA se asarvagata hai / kAladravya bhI eka kAlANudravya kI apekSA se 122. dharmadravyamadharmadravyaM ca.....mekadravyatvam / - rA.vA. 5.6.6.445 123. dhammAdhammAgAsA.... vavahArakAlapuggalajIvA hu. aNeyaruvati - vasu. zrA. 30 124. bR.da.sa. adhikAra prathama kI cUlikA dvaya 125. bR.da.sa. adhikAra kI cUlikA 1.2 126. paM. kA. TI. 22 bRhad dra.sa. 1 kI cUlikA 1.2 127. bR.dra.sa. adhikAra 1 kI cUlikA 1.2 64 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sarvagata nahIM hai| lokAkAza ke pradeza ke barAbara bhinna-bhinna kAlANuoM kI vivakSA se kAladravya loka meM sarvagata hai / 128 kAraNa aura akAraNa kI apekSA: -- pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla vyavahAra naya se jIba ke zarIra, vANI, mana, prANa, ucchvAsa, gati, sthiti, avagAhana aura vartanArUpa kArya karate . haiM, ataH kAraNa hai| jIva-jIva kA to guru-ziSya rUpa meM upakAra karate haiM, parantu anya pA~coM dravyoM kA kucha bhI nahIM karate, ataH akAraNa hai / 129 kartA aura bhoktA kI apekSA: zuddha dravyArthika naya kI apekSA se jIva yadyapi bandha-mokSa, dravya-bhAvarUpa puNya-pApa aura ghaTa-paTAdi kA akartA hai to bhI azuddha nizcaya se zubha aura azubha ke upayoga meM pariNamita hokara puNya-pApa kA kartA aura unake phala kA bhoktA banatA hai| vizuddha jJAna darzana svabhAvI zuddha Atmadravya ke samyak zraddhA, jJAna aura anuSThAna rUpa zuddhopayoga se pariNamita hokara mokSa kA bhI kartA aura usakA bhoktA banatA hai / avaziSTa pA~coM kA apane-apane pariNAma se jo pariNamana hai vahI kartRtva hai, puNya pApa kI apekSA to akartRtva hI hai / 130 upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa kI apekSA: kArya kI utpatti meM upAdAna aura nimitta kA kyA svarUpa hai, isa saMbaMdha meM carcA kiye binA dravya ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM apUrNatA hI rhegii| jaise ghaTa meM, ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa miTTI hai aura nimitta kAraNa kumhAra hai / jo dravya tInoM kAloM meM apane rUpa kA kathaMcit tyAga aura kathaMcit tyAga na karatA huA pUrvarUpa se aura apUrvarUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai vahI upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai / 131 dravya kA na sAmAnya (zAzvata) aMza aura na vizeSa (kSaNika) aMza upAdAna hotA hai, parantu kathaMcit azAzvata aura kathaMcit zAzvata hI dravya kA upAdAna 128. vahI 129. vahI 130. bRhad dravya saMgraha ke prathama adhikAra kI cUlikA 131. tyAktAtyaktAtmakarUpaM upAdAnamiti smRtam aSTam. pR. 10 meM uddhRta *****. 65 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kAraNa ho sakatA hai / 132 upAdAna meM kAraNakAryabhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai| ise svAmI kArtikeya ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki pUrvapariNAma se yukta dravya kAraNarUpa se pravartita hotA hai aura uttarapariNAma se yukta vahI dravya niyama se kArya hotA hai / 133 - svAmI vidyAnanda ke anusAra upAdAna kA pUrva AkRti se vinAza kArya kA utpAda hai, kyoMki ye donoM eka hetu se haiM, aisA niyama hai / 134 svAmI pUjyapAda ke anusAra jisa prakAra gati kriyA kA nimitta dharmAstikAya hai usI prakAra anya saba bAhya padArtha nimitta mAtra hote haiN| koI ajJa vijJatA ko prApta nahIM hotA aura vijJa ajJatA ko prApta nahIM karatA, mAtra upAdAna kI yogyatA ke anusAra bAhya nimitta sahAyaka hote haiN| kArtikeya ne bhI isI mAnyatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| sabhI dravya apane-apane pariNamana ke upAdAna (mukhya) kAraNa haiM, anya bAhya dravya to mAtra nimitta haiN| pratyeka sat yA dravya pUrvaparyAya ko chor3akara pratikSaNa uttaraparyAya ko dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha parivartana sadRza yA visadRza, donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura zuddha jIva dravya ke pariNamana sadA eka se hote haiN| inameM vaibhAvika zakti nahIM hai| zuddha jIva meM svAbhAvika zakti kA sadA svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| isa para nimitta kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotaa| ___ saMsArI jIva aura pudgala meM vaibhAvika zakti hai| jisa-jisa prakAra kI sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai vaise hI ye badalate jAte haiM / yadyapi sarvathA asadbhUta parivartana lAne kI kSamatA naimittika kAraNa meM nahIM hai, jaise lAkha prayatna karane para bhI patthara se taila nahIM miltaa| pariNAma kA artha bhI yahI hai / 135 ---- ---- 132. yat svarUpaM.... zAzvataM yathA taM / jaina ta. mI. meM pR. 47 meM uddhRta 133. puvvapariNAmajutaM....NiyamA-kA. pre. 230. 134. jaina ta. mI. pR. 49 para uddhRta / "nAjJovijJatvamAyAti.......dharmAstikAyavat / " iSTApadeza 35. 135. tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH- ta.sU. 5.42 66 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
adhyAya : tRtIya jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA AtmA zabda kA artha: 'AtmA' zabda kA mUla rUpa Atman hai| 'Atman' zabda kI vyutpatti hai 'atati-gacchati-jAnAti iti AtmA' / at sAtatya gamane dhAtuH' arthAt 'at' dhAtu satat gamana ke artha meM hai| yahA~ gamana kA artha jJAna hai / arthAt jo satata jAnatA hai; eka bhI kSaNa ajJAnI nahIM hotA, vaha AtmA hai| jo zubha, azubha rUpa kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika vyApAra yathAsaMbhava tIvra, maMda Adi rUpo meM hote haiM, ve sabhI jJAna guNa ke kAraNa hI sambhava hote haiN| jJAnAdiguNa AtmA dravya ke AzrayI haiM / ataH uparyukta vyutpatti sArthaka hai| 'AtmA' zabda ke bAre meM eka tathya yahA~ spaSTa kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai ki saMskRta meM 'Atman' zabda puMlliMga hai, jabaki hindI meM yaha prAyaH strIliMga meM prayukta hotA hai / yaha liMgavyavasthA zabda ke sAtha hai, Atmatattva na to puMlliMga hai aura na hI strIliMga, vaha to aliMga hai| jaina sAhitya meM kucha aise prayoga anya zabdoM ke sAtha bhI haiM, jaise-kaSAya, paryAya ye donoM zabda strIliMga meM prayukta hote haiM, ThIka vaise hI jaise hindI meM 'A~kha' zabda kA strIliMga meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| . 'jaina darzana ne AtmA ke jisa svarUpa kA pratipAdana zatAbdiyoM pUrva kiyA thA, adyaparyaMta vahI svarUpa usI rUpa se sthApita hai| uttaravartI tArkikapratibhAsaMpanna dArzanika AcAryoM ne usa svarUpa ko apanI prakhara tarka zailI se siddha kiyA, paraMtu usa svarUpa meM sAmAnya parivartana bhI nahIM Ane diyaa| _ 'AtmavAda yA AtmA bhAratIya darzana kI AtmA hI hai' - aisA kaheM to atizayokti nahIM hogI; kyoMki bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke saMpUrNa ciMtana kA kendabindu AtmA hI rahA hai; aura sArA darzana isI ke irda-girda ghUmatA-sA pratIta hotA hai| 67 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #94
'AtmavAda' zabda kA prayoga hameM ati-prAcIna jaina darzana ke prathama aMga ke rUpa meM sthApita 'AcArAMga' meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| Age isI meM "AtmA ko vijJAtA aura vijJAtA ko hI AtmA kahA hai| jJAna kI apekSA se AtmA kA vyapadeza (vyavahAra) hotA hai| isa sUtra ke dvArA AtmA kI do paribhASAe~ spaSTa huIM-prathama paribhASA dravyAzrita aura dvitIya guNAzrita hai| cetana(AtmA) dravya hai, caitanya (jJAna) usakA guNa hai| cetana pratyakSa nahIM hotA, parantu caitanya pratyakSa hotA hai| .. yahA~ eka prazna saMbhava hai ki jaba AtmA aura jJAna abhinna haiM taba jJeya bheda se anekarUpa pariNata hue jJAna kI taraha AtmA bhI anekarUpa ho jAyegI? isa prazna kA samAdhAna bhagavatI' meM upalabdha hotA hai / ghaTa, paTa, ratha, azva Adi jJeyoM meM pariNata jJAna ke AdhAra para eka hI AtmA ko ghaTajJAnI, paTajJAnI, rathajJAnI, azvajJAnI Adi kahA jAtA hai| AtmA jisa samaya jJAna ke jisa pariNamana se pariNata hotI hai usI ke AdhAra para AtmA kA vyapadeza arthAt vyavahAra hotA hai| lokarAzi do prakAra kI mAnI hai-jIva rAzi aura ajIva raashi| aura loka meM zAzvata kyA haiM? isa prazna kA samAdhAna diyA gayA hai ki jIva aura ajIva donoM zAzvata haiN| . ajIva kA apanA svaMtatra mahattva nahIM hai usakA mahattva jIva ke kAraNa hI hai, kyoMki ajIva svayaM bhoktA nahIM hai, apitu jIva hI sajIva kA bhoktA haiN| yadi jIva na rahe to sRSTi kA koI mUlya nahIM hai, para aisA samaya saMbhava nahIM hai ki sRSTi jIva rahita kabhI ho bhii| 1. se AyAvAI, logAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAvAI-AcArAMga 1.1.5 2.je AyA se viNNayA, je viNNAyA se AyA jeNa vijANAti se AyA-AcArAMga 5.5.104 3. bhagavatI 6.174 4. do rAsI paNNatA taM jahA jIvarAsI ceva ajIvarAsI ceva - ThANaM 2.392 5. ke sAsayA loge? jIvacceva ajIvacceva - ThANaM 2.419 6. bhagavatI 25.4.4 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

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SaDdravyoM meM jIva ko astikAya kahA hai| astikAya ke svarUpa ke saMbandha meM jaba gautama svAmI ne yaha pUchA ki astikAya kA svarUpa kyA hai? taba prabhu mahAvIra ne kahA- jaise cakra kA, chatra kA, carmaratna kA, daMDa kA, duSyapaTTa kA, Ayudha kA, modaka kA khaMDa yA Tukar3A kramazaH cakra, chatra, ratna, daMDa, duSyapaTTa yA Ayudha, modakanahIM kahalAsakatA, vaise hI astikAya ke eka pradezako astikAya nahIM kahate, parantu sampUrNa tattva ko hI astikAya kahate haiN| miTTI ke abhAva meM jisa prakAra ghaTa kA nirmANa asaMbhava hai, vaise hI AtmA ke abhAva meM sRSTi kA vyApAra bhI asaMbhava hai| AtmA ke astitva kI siddhiH jisa prakAra hameM ghaTa, paTa Adi pudgala dravya kI paryAyoM ke darzana hote haiM, vaise hameM AtmA ke darzana nahIM hote| isakI pratIti hameM kAraNa vyApAra dvArA hotI hai| sArathI jisa prakAra se rathAdi kA saMcAlana karatA hai, AtmA bhI usI prakAra se zarIra kA niyantraNa karatI hai| AtmA jyoM hI zarIra kA tyAga kara detI hai tyoM hI sundara, svastha, priya zarIra ko Aga ke supurda kara diyA jAtA hai| isase anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki zarIra se bhinna koI tattva yA sattA avazya honI caahie| AtmA indriyoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI indriyoM dvArA jJAna vastuoM kI smRti vidyamAna rahatI hai| ___ AtmA indriyoM se bhinna hai, kyoMki kaI bAra indriyoM kA vyApAra hone para bhI padArthoM kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| A~kha, kAna sakSama haiM, phira bhI padArthoM kA grahaNa nahIM honA yahI pratIti karAtA hai ki inake atirikta kucha aura bhI hai aura vahI AtmA hai|0 - AtmA indriyabhinna nahIM hotI to eka indriyavikAra dUsarI indriya ko prabhAvita nahIM krtaa| imalI ko A~kha se dekhate hI tatkAla jihvA prabhAvita ho jAtI hai, usame amala rasAsvAda smRti janya lArakAsrAva hone lagatA hai| isase 7. bhagavatI: 2:10.1 8. bhagavatI 2.10.4, (3) 9. SaDdarzana samu. TI. 49.157 10. SaDdarzana samu. TI. 49.158 For Personal & Private Use Only

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indriya se bhinna AtmA ke astitva kI pratIti hotI hai / " yadi AtmA kA astitva bhinna nahIM hotA to A~kha se ghar3A dekhakara AvazyakatAnusAra ghar3e ko grahaNa karane meM kyoM pravRtti hotI hai / ?12 isI prakAra 'maiM' sukhI - duHkhI Adi kA saMvedana AtmA ke astitva kI hI anubhUti karAte haiM / AtmA ke astitva ko nakAranA svayaM ke astitva ko hI nakAranA hai / AtmA pramANa siddha hai: bhAratIya darzana meM cU~ki AtmA sarvotkRSTa evaM mahattvapUrNa prameya rahA hai ataH usake saMbandha meM sabhI darzanoM ne apane-apane stara se vicAra prastuta kiye haiN| eka ciMtaka hai - cArvAka, jo bhUtacatuSTaya se caitanya kI utpatti mAnatA hai / ise bhUtacaitanyavAda kahate haiM / isake viparIta dUsarA ciMtana hai - AtmavAda / jaina darzana AtmavAdI hai / cArvAkadarzana pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu aura teja ke ucita anupAta ke mizraNa se caitanya kI utpatti mAnatA hai / ina cAra bhUtoM ke atirikta pA~caveM kisI bhI tattva kI mAnyatA cArvAka darzana meM nahIM milatI / SaDdarzana samuccaya kI TIkA meM guNaratnasUra ne isake pratyuttara prastuta kiye haiM / guNaratnasUri ne AtmA ko nimnalikhita tarkoM se pramANita kiyA hai guNaratnasUra ke anusAra AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai, kyoMki jJAna guNa kA pratyakSa hotA hai, ataH AtmA ko pratyakSasiddha mAnanA cAhiye / smRti, jijJAsA, AMkAkSA, ghUmane Adi kI icchA ityAdi AtmA ke guNoM kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa se anubhava hotA hai| cU~ki guNa pratyakSa hai, ataH guNI bhI pratyakSa hai / jaisA ki cArvAka darzana mAnatA hai ki bhUtacatuSTaya ke mizraNa se caitanya utpanna hotA hai, to unakA mizraNa karane vAlA koI tattva bhI to honA cAhie, aura vaha AtmA ke atirikta kauna ho sakatA hai? agara koI tattva nahIM hai to ghaTa-paTa Adi jitane padArtha haiM una sabhI ko caitanyayukta honA cAhie kyoMki bhUtoM kI 19. vahI 49.159 12. vahI 49. 160 13. SaDdarzana samu. TI. 49. 120 70 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sattA to sarvatra hai, parantu pratyeka bhUtacatuSTaya yukta padArtha caitanya nahIM banatA / ataH spaSTa hai ki 'caitanya' bhUta kA nahIM, apitu AtmA kA lakSaNa hai / " isake atirikta nimnalikhita tarkoM se bhI AtmA siddha hotI hai: - (1) jJAna prApti ke mAdhyama karNa, netra, rasanA Adi karaNa kisI se prerita hokara hI apanI kriyAe~ saMpanna karate haiM / ina indriya rUpI gavAkSoM se jJAna kA grAhaka AtmA hI hai / 15 AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI AtmA kA astitva isI prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai - jisa prakAra yantrapratimA kI ceSTAe~ apane prayoktA kA jJAna karAtI haiM vaise hI prANa - apAna (zvAsocchrAsa) Adi kriyAe~ bhI AtmA kA jJAna karAtI hai| " (2) yaha saMsaraNazIla zarIra kisI kI preraNA se hI cala sakatA hai, jaise ratha sArathI kI icchAnusAra calatA hai| khAne kI yA pIne kI icchA hone para tadanusAra pravRtti karatA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pravRtti karAne vAlA koI aura hai, aura vahI AtmA hai / 17 (3) isa zarIra ko isa AkRti meM kisI ne banAyA hai jaise ghaTa kA nirmAtA kumhAra hai, vaise hI samasta kAryoM kA koI utpAdaka hai / zarIra kA jo nirmAtA hai vahI AtmA hai / 1 (4) isa zarIra kA koI svAmI avazya honA cAhie, kyoMki indriyA~ to karaNa yA sAdhana mAtra haiN| jaise ghaTanirmANa meM sahayogI aujAroM kA mAlika kumhAra hai, vaise hI ina indriya rUpa aujaroM kA svAmI AtmA hai / (5) yaha zarIra to jar3a hai; aura jar3a kA bhoktA cetana hI hotA hai / " (6) rUpa, rasa Adi aneka prakAra ke jJAna kisI Azraya-bhUta dravya meM hI rahate haiM / jaise rUpa ghaTa kA AzrayI hai, vaise hI AtmA jJAna kA AzrayI hai / 14. vahI 49. 199 15. vahI 49. 123 16. yathA "yaMtrapratimAcoSTitaM......sAdhayati " - vasa. si. 17. vahI, prazasta. bhA. pR. 69, praza. vyo. pR. 402, nyAyakusu. pR. 349 18. SaDdarzana TI. 49. 123 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(7) jJAna, sukha Adi kA koI na koI upAdAna kAraNa avazya honA caahie| jaise ghaTa kA upAdAna miTTI hai, isI taraha jJAna, sukha Adi kA jo upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jJAnI, sukhI Adi banatA hai, vahI AtmA hai / 9 (upAdAna kAraNa ko hama dvitIya adhyAya meM spaSTa kara Aye haiN|) . (8) cAhe jIva ho yA ajIva, samasta padArtha dvipadAvatAra (sapratipakSa) hote haiN| jahA~ jIva hai vahA~ ajIva bhI hai yaha ajIva niSedhAtmaka hai / jisa niSedhAtmaka zabda kA pratipakSI artha na ho to samajhanA cAhiye ki vaha yA to vyutpattisiddha zabda kA niSedha nahIM karatA yA phira zuddha zabda kA,kintu kisI rUDha zabda yA saMyukta zabda kA niSedha karatA hai, jaise-akhrvissaann| (9) sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna dvArA bhI AtmA kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| svayaM kI kriyA jaisI kriyA anya zarIra meM bhI dekhakara AtmA kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI kriyA dekhakara hama AtmA ke astitva kA anumAna kara sakate haiN| priya meM AkarSaNa aura apriya meM vikarSaNa kA nirNAyaka AtmA hI banatI hai| parantu yadi ghaTa para bhayaMkara sarpacar3ha jAye to bhI ghaTa meM AkarSaNa yA vikarSaNa jaisA koI antara nahIM aataa|22 . jaise pratyakSa aura anumAna pramANoM se AtmA kA astitva siddha hai, vaise hI Agama (zabda), upamAna aura arthApatti dvArA bhI AtmA pramANasiddha hai / 23. jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra AtmasiddhiH jaise guNa aura guNI kI abhinnatA hai, vaise hI smaraNa Adi guNoM se jIva bhI pratyakSa siddha hai|" indriyA~ kAraNa haiM, ataH inakA koI adhiSThAtA avazya honA cAhiye, vaha adhiSThAtA hI AtmA hai|5 zarIra sAvayava aura sAdi hai, ataH ghaTa kI taraha isakA bhI koI kartA hai| jisakA koI kartA nahIM hai, usakA nizcit 19. SaDdarzana TI. 49.125 20. ThANaM 2.1 21. SaDdarzana TI. 49. 125 22. vahI 49.126 23. vahI 49.127 24. gaNadharavAdaH- 1560.62 25. vahI 1567 72 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AkAra nahIM hotA / zarIra kA kartA AtmA hai / 26 viSaya aura indriyoM ke madhya koI aisA tattva avazya honA cAhie jo grAhaka ho, aura vaha AtmA hai / 27 jisa prakAra bhojana, vastra Adi kA koI bhoktA avazya hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra kA bhI koI bhoktA honA cAhiye, aura vaha bhoktA AtmA hI ho sakatA haiN|28 isI prakAra zarIrAdi ke saMghAta rUpa meM,29 saMzaya ke rUpa meM,30 ajIva ke pratipakSI ke rUpa meM, AtmA kA astitva hai| anya AcAryoM ke anusAra AtmasiddhiH___ zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM evaM prANApAna ke kAraNa AtmA kA astitva AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| indriya nirapekSa Atmajanya kevalajJAna rUpa sakala pratyakSa ke dvArA zuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| deza pratyakSaH avadhijJAna aura manaHparyava jJAna ke dvArA karma-nokarma se yukta AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai / 23 indriyoM se prApta vibhinna jJAnoM meM AtmA hI ekasUtratA sthApita karatI haiN| kisI vyakti ko dekhane mAtra se priyatA aura apriyatA kA bhAva acAnaka nahIM uThatA, kahIM na kahIM usake kAraNa sukha-duHkha kA anubhava huA hogA, isa pravRtti se bhI AtmA kA astitva siddha hai|35 26. vahI 1567 27. vahI 1568 28. vahI 1569 29. vahI 1570 30. vahI 1571 31. rA. va. 5.19.38 pR. 473 32. syAdvAdama. 17. 174 33. rA. vA. 28.18.122. 34. rA.vA. 2.819 pR. 122. 35. nyAya. 68. 69.71 pR.39 73 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA aura upaniSad : adhikAMza bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne cetana aura acetana ko sRSTi kA maulika tattva mAnA hai| jaina darzana ne inheM jIva aura ajIva; sAMkhya ne ise prakRti aura puruSa; aura bauddha ne inheM hI nAma aura rUpa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| upaniSad kA dRSTikoNa atyanta AtmavAdI rahA hai| samasta tattvoM meM AtmA ko hI zreSThatama tattva kahA gayA hai| jaba yAjJavalkya apanI bhautika saMpadA kA apanI patniyoM meM vibhAjana karake saMnyasta hone kA nirNaya lete haiM, taba unakI patnI maitreyI unase dIrgha saMvAda karatI hai| jisakA niSkarSa yaha prApta hotA hai ki "jisa saMpatti se maiM amRta nahIM bana sakatI, usakI prApti nirarthaka hai, jise pAkara amRta banU~, usI kA upadeza deN|" taba yAjJavalkyaM unheM isa prakAra se AtmA kA upadeza dete haiM- "AtmA hI darzanIya, zravaNIya, mananIya aura dhyAna karane yogya ___nAciketA bhI jaba Atmatattva ko jAnane kI prabala jijJAsA abhivyakta karate haiM, taba unheM yama agaNita bhautika vibhUtiyoM kA pralobhana dekara AtmA kI jijJAsA se virata karane kA prayAsa karate haiN| parantu naciketA sArI sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM ko ThukarAkara mAtra Atmatattva jAnane kI hI icchA abhivyakta karate haiM, taba yama Atma svarUpa ko prakaTa karate haiM / 39. ____ chAndogyopaniSad meM AtmavidyA ko itanA mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai ki usake samakSa samasta vidyAe~ nirarthaka aura vyartha haiM / nAradajI sanatkumAra se kahate haiM- "maiM cAroM veda, itihAsa, purANa, gaNita aura sarpAdi vidyAoM kA jJAtA hU~, phira bhI AtmavidyA ke abhAva meM zokAkula huuN|" unakI zokamukti ke lie sanatkumAra unheM AtmavidyA kA jJAna pradAna karate haiN|40 36. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 2.4.1.3 37. vahI 2.4.5 38. kaThopaniSad 1.20 . 39. kaThopaniSad 2.28 40. chAndogyopaniSad 8.12 74 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna upaniSadoM meM AtmA kA svarUpa : AtmA kyA hai, isa saMbaMdha meM upaniSad meM vibhinna mata dRSTigocara hote haiM, yathA prajApati ke zabdoM meM "pApa se nirlipta, janma, jarA evaM mRtyu ke zoka se rahita, bhUkha aura vyAkulatA kI pIr3A se rahita AtmA hai|"42 ... bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM "AtmA ko kartA, jAgRta aura mRtyu kI avasthA meM eka samAna rahanevAlA tattva kahA hai|"43 chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra "AtmA aura zarIra bhinna hai / AtmA azarIrI tathA amara hai| dekhane aura sUMghane kA vicAra karane vAlA AtmA hai, A~kha aura nAka to mAtra mAdhyama hai|" kaThopaniSad ke anusAra "AtmA na maratA hai na utpanna hotA hai / yaha ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana hai|" 45 yaha na tarkagamya hai aura na hI veda ke adhyayana se prAptiyogya / yaha mAtra prajJA dvArA hI prApta hotA hai|"46 .. yAjJavalkya ne AtmA ke saMbandha meM apane vicAra isa prakAra spaSTa kiye haiM"AtmA viSaya nahIM ho sktii|" AtmA hI ekamAtra prItiyogya hai| jo bhI hama prIti karate haiM vaha AtmA ke liye hai| jo kucha bhI priya aura mUlyavAn hai vaha saba AtmA ke kAraNa hai|" 48 . RSiyoM ke "so'haM" 49 evaM "aham brahmAsmi kI abhivyakti se anumAna hotA hai ki AtmA aura brahma kA unheM pratyakSa anubhava ho gayA thaa| - 42. chAndogyopaniSad 8.7.4 43. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4.4.3 44. chAndogyopaniSad 8.12.1, 2 45. kaThopaniSad 1.2:18 46. kaThopaniSadapa 1.2.23 47. bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad 4.5.15 48. vahI 4.5.6 49. koSItakI upaniSad 1.6 50. bRhadAraNya upa. 1.4.10 75 For Personal & Private Use Only

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upaniSad aura AtmasvarUpa kI vibhinnatA : Atma svarUpa ke nirdhAraNa meM upaniSad nirantara pragati karatA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki vibhinna upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke svarUpa kI bhinnatA spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai| dehAtmavAda :. upaniSad ke puraskartA RSiyoM ke mana meM jaba yaha ciMtana calA ki bAhya vizva ko gauNa kara jisa caitanya kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha kyA hai? isa saMbandha meM upaniSad meM eka AkhyAna AtA hai ki asuroM meM vairocana aura deMvoM meM indra AtmavidyA kI zikSA lene prajApati ke pAsa gye| taba prajApati ne bartana meM pAnI DAlakara usameM unakA pratibimba dikhAkara kahA- yahI AtmA hai| indra to dehAtmasvarUpa se saMtuSTa nahIM hue para vairocana saMtuSTa ho gye|59 ... jainAgamoM meM dvitIya aMga zrI sUtrakRtAMga meM isI ko "tajjIva taccharIravAda" kahA gayA hai / 52 __bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIsare gaNadhara vAyubhUti ke mana meM bhI yahI zaMkA thI ki "jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM yA eka hii|"53 / / rAjA pradezI bhI AtmA ko zarIra kI taraha indriyagrAhya mAnatA thA aura isI kAraNa usakA Atmazodhana kA prayAsa niSphala rhaa|54 prANAtmavAdaH indra ko isa dehAtmavAda ke svarUpa se saMtuSTi nahIM huI / indra kI taraha auroM ke mastiSka meM bhI yaha prazna ubharA hogA ki agara zarIra hI AtmA hai to mRtyu ke samaya bhI zarIra to vidyamAna rahatA hai phira bhI zarIra kI kriyAe~ avaruddha kyoM ho jAtI haiM, nidrAvasthA meM bhI zvAsocchvAsa kI prakriyA satat rahatI hai, yaha kyA hai, taba unhoMne anubhava ke AdhAra para prANa sattA ko hI samasta pravRtti kA kAraNa maanaa|55 51. chAndogyopaniSad 8.84 52. suyagaDAMga 6.48 53. gaNadharavAda 1649 54. rAja praznIya 244.266 55. taitirIya upani. 2.2.3 76 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
chAndogya upaniSad meM to yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA hai ki "vizva meM saba kucha prANa hai| indriyA~ aura prANa kA tAdAtmya bhI kara diyA gyaa| indriyoM ko bhI prANa kahate haiN|56 dArzanika isa prANAtmavAda se bhI saMtuSTa nahIM hue| manomaya AtmA:___ AtmA saMbandhI vicAraNA aura use prApta karane meM RSi nirantara prayatnazIla the| unheM aisA AbhAsa huA ki mana ke abhAva meM prANa aura indriyA~ saba vyartha haiN| mana kA saMparka hone para hI indriyA~ apane-apane viSayoM ko grahaNa kara sakatI haiM; yadi mana anupasthita ho to indriyoM kI upasthiti sArthaka nahIM hai / taba prANamaya AtmA ke sthAna para manomaya AtmA kI sattA svIkAra kI gyii|57 mana kI sattA kI utkRSTatA ko svIkAra karate hue use parama brahmasamrAT taka kaha diyaa| chAndogya upaniSad meM bhI use brahma kahA hai|59 . prajJA vijJAnAtmA: kauSItakI upaniSad meM prANa ko prajJA aura prajJA ko prANa kahA hai| isI meM Age prajJA kA mahattva svIkAra karate hae kahA gayA hai ki prajJA ke abhAva meM indriyA~ aura mana nirarthaka haiN| indriyoM aura mana kI apekSA prajJA kA mahattva adhika __vijJAnAtmA ko manomaya AtmA kI antarAtmA ke rUpa meM batAyA hai| aitareya upaniSada meM prajJAna brahma ke paryAyavAcI zabdoM meM mana bhI hai|63 prajJA aura prajJAna64 eka hI haiN| yahA~ prajJAna kA paryAya vijJAna bhI batAyA hai|65 56. bRhadAraNyaka upa. 1.5.21 57. taitirIya upani. 2.3 58. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4.1.6 59. chAndogyopa. 7.3.1 60. kauSitakI upa. 3.2.,3.3.3.3.34. 61. kauSitakI upa. 3.6.7 62. taitirIya upaniSad 2.4 63. aitareya upani. 3.2 64. aitareya upa. 3.3 65. aitareya upa. 3.3 77 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #104
caitanyAtmAH AtmA ke saMbandha meM niraMtara vaicArika ciMtana kA pariNAma Age jAkara yaha nikalA ki kenopaniSad ne spaSTa kaha diyA ki annamaya AtmA ratha ke samAna hai, use calAne vAlA rathI hI AtmA hai|66 yahI dRSTA, zrotA, manana karane vAlA aura vijJAtA hai| isa cidAtmA ko ajara, amara, akSara, avyaya, aja, nitya, dhruva, zAzvata aura ananta mAnA gayA hai|68 isa prakAra, satat ciMtana se zarIra aura AtmA kI bhinnatA siddha kI gyii| nyAya-vaizeSika meM AtmA:... nyAya darzana ne AtmA kI vyAkhyA bhinna riti se kI hai|" jJAna, icchA, Adi guNoM kA AdhAra AtmA hai|" 69 dvitIya paribhASA hai-"pratisaMdhAna, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna karane vAlA tattva hI AtmA hai|"70 ___ nyAya darzana AtmA ko zarIrAdi se bhinna eka svatantra dravya mAnatA hai, 71 parantu use jaDavat mAnatA hai| caitanya jo AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, nyAya darzana ke anusAra vaha Agantuka guNa hai| nyAya darzana meM AtmA ko isa caitanya guNa kI utpatti kA AdhAramAtra batAyA gayA hai|72 . buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa aura prayatna, ye AtmA ke chaha vizeSa guNa mAne gaye haiN| * mukti meM zarIrAdi kA abhAva hai; ataH vahA~ muktAtmA meM Agantuka caitanyaguNa kA bhI abhAva hai|75 66. kenopaniSad 1.2 67. bRhadAraNya 3.7.22 68. kaTho. 3.2 69. ta. saM. pR. 12 70. nyAyavA. 1.1.10 pR. 64 71. prazastapAdabhASya pR. 49.50 72. bhAratIya darzana-DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhAga 2 pR. 148, 149 73. tarkabhASA-keziva mizra pR. 190 74. tarkabhASA-keziva mizra pR. 190 75. nyAyasUtra 1.7.22 78 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
vaizeSika sUtra meM AtmA kA astitva anumAna pramANa se siddha kiyA gayA hai| prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, indriyAntara-saMcAra, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa Adi ko AtmA ke liMga batAte hue inhIM se AtmA kA astittva siddha kiyA gayA hai| vizeSa vivecana ke lie ena. ke. devarAja dvArA likhita bhAratIya darzana pR. 301-8.1 dekhanA caahie| - isI prakAra nyAya sUtrakAra ne bhI icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha aura nirNayAtmaka jJAna ke hetuoM dvArA AtmA kI sattA kA anumAna kiyA hai| gautama RSi anumAna ke atirikta zAstrIya pramANa bhI dete haiN|78 .. ___ AtmA kA mAnasa-pratyakSa hotA hai yA nahIM, nyAya darzana meM isake viSaya meM matabheda hai| nyAyasUtra meM AtmA ke anumAna kI carcA hai, pratyakSa kI nhiiN| 79 nyAyasUtra ke bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana ne AtmA ko alaukika pratyakSa kA viSaya kahA hai, laukika pratyakSa kA nhiiN| vaizeSika darzana ke prAcIna sAhitya ke anusAra bhI bhASyakAra vAtsyAyana dvArA pratipAdita AtmA ke isI yogI-pratyakSa kA viSaya hone ke pakSa kA samarthana hotA hai, parantu udyotakara, vAcaspati mizra Adi ne jJAna Adi vizeSa guNoM ke sAtha AtmA kA mAnasa-pratyakSa 'aham padArtha ke rUpa meM mAnA hai| bauddha darzana kA anAtmavAda : . upaniSadoM ne AtmA aura AtmA se saMbandhita vidyA ko pramukha tattva mAnakara usI kI prApti ko jIvana kA lakSya banA diyA thaa| bauddha darzana ne tejI se panapatI isa AtmavAda kI pravRtti ko rokane ke lie anAtmavAda kA siddhAnta diyA / buddha ne rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra, vijJAna aura indriyoM para evaM indriyoM ke viSayoM para 76. vai.sU. 3.2.4-13 77. nyAyasUtra 3.1.10 78. bhAratIya darzana :- DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhAga 2 pR. 145 79. nyAyabhASya 1.1.10 80. nyAyabhASya 1.1.3 81. bhAratIya darzana:- DaoN. ena. ke. devarAja pR. 300 82. nyAyavA. pR. 341 .83. tA. TI. 501 72 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #106
kramazaH vicAra kiyA tathA una sabhI ko anitya aura anAtma ghoSita kara diyaa| ve apane zrotAoM ko bhI praznottara kI zailI meM yuktipUrvaka vizvAsa karavA dete the ki saba kucha anAtma hai aura AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai|" ___buddha ke anusAra janma, maraNa, karma, vipAka, bandha aura mokSa-saba kucha hai, parantu inakA sthAyI AdhAra nahIM hai| ye samasta avasthAeM apane pUrvavartI kAraNoM se utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura eka navIna kArya ko utpanna karake naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra cakra calatA rahatA hai| uttaravartI avasthA pUrvavartI avasthA se na sarvathA bhinna hai aura na abhinna, ataH avyAkRta hai| 5 na koI karma kA kartA hai aura na pharmaphala kA bhoktA, mAtra zuddha tharmoM kI pravRtti hotI hai, yahI samyagdarzana hai| ye 'karma' aura 'phala' paurvAparya se saMbandha rahita bIja aura vRkSa kI taraha anAdikAla se eka-dUsare para Azrita haiM aura apane-apane hetuoM para avalambita hokara pravRtta hote haiN| yaha paramparA kaba niruddha hogI, yaha bhI nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| jIva ke viSaya meM kucha zAzvatavAda kA aura kucha ucchedavAda kA avalambana lete haiM aura paraspara virodhI dRSTikoNa rakhate haiN|6 buddha AtmA ke zAzvata aura azAzvata ke prazna para mauna rahate the, kyoMki zAzvata kahate to usakA samarthana hotA jo mata sthiratA meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura azAzvata kahate to unakA samarthana hotA jo zUnyavAda meM vizvAsa karate haiN| nAgasena aura rAjA milinda ke praznottara meM bhI AtmA ke svarUpa para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| rAjA milinda pUchatA hai-AtmA kyA hai? taba nAgasena samAdhAna ke sthAna para prazna karate haiM ki kyA DaMDe ko, dhurA ko, pahiye ko aura DhAMce ko ratha 84. saMyuktanikAya 12.70.32-37 85. saMyuktanikAya 12.17.24, milindaprazna 2.25.33 86. gaNadhAravAdaH- prastAvanA pR. 92 87. majjhima nikAya mUlapaNNAsaka 35.3.5-34 88. bhA. darzana DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan bhAga eka pR. 384 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
kahate haiM? milinda ne kahA- bhagavan ! ye saba ratha ke bhAga haiM, ratha nahIM / taba nAgasena ne kahA- usI prakAra se eka sAtha upasthita skandhoM kA nAma hI sat yA AtmA hai / 9 bauddha darzana meM kSaNika saMvedanAoM ko hI AtmA kahate haiN| bauddhoM ke anusAra, inake atirikta AtmA kI pRthak sattA upalabdha nahIM hotI / " hInayAnI vasubandhu ne spaSTa kahA hai ki paJcaskandhI ke alAvA AtmA koI tattva nahIM hai / 1 buddha ne binA kisI AdhAra ke bhI saMsAra kI avicchinnatA kI vyAkhyA kAraNakAryabhAva se kI hai| isa kAraNakAryabhAva ko hI saMsAra kI avicchinnatA kA kAraNa batAyA / "parivartana yukta tattva astitva rakhatA hai / " yaha satya hai ki jo kucha vidyamAna hai vaha saba kAraNoM evaM avasthAoM se hI prAdurbhUta huA hai aura pratyeka sthiti meM asthira hai / 12 buddha ne yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki cetanA mAtra kSaNika hai, vastueM nhiiN| yaha pratyakSa hai ki yaha zarIra eka varSa, sau yA isase bhI adhika samaya taka raha sakatA hai, parantu jise mana, buddhi, prajJA yA cetanA kahate haiM, vaha dina-rAta eka prakAra ke cakra ke rUpa meM parivartita hotI rahatI hai| 13 buddha na AtmA kI svIkRti dete haiM na AtmA se saMbandha rakhane vAlI anya kisI vastu kii| unake anusAra AtmA kI nityatA, aparivartanazIlatA Adi mUrkho kI bakavAsa hai / 4 buddha ne isa pula ko kSaNika aura nAnA kahA hai| yaha cetana to hai, para mAtra cetana hai, aisA nahIM hai / vaha 'nAma' aura 'rUpa' * ina donoM kA samudAya rUpa hai / B 89. milinda 2.1.1 90. majjhimanikAya uparipaNNAsaka 2.2.1-6 91. abhidharmakoSa 3.18 92. bhA. darzana bhAga 1. DaoN. rAdhA. pR. 341 93. saMyukta 2-96 94. majjhimanikAya 1.138 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
bhautika yA abhautika kA mizra rUpa kahanA cAhiye / isameM bhI bhagavAn buddha kA madhyama mArga jhalakatA hai| cArvAka aura AtmAH cArvAka ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura AkAza atirikta AtmA jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai / ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura inhIM meM vilIna ho jAtI hai|96 prAcIna cArvAka cAra mahAbhUta hI mAnate the, parantu arvAcIna cArvAkoM ne prasiddha hone se pA~caveM AkAza ko bhI mahAbhUta mAna liyaa| - Age ve kahate haiM ki ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke atirikta koI tattva nahIM hai| kriyA, akriyA, sukRta, duSkRta, kalyANa, pApa, acchA, burA, siddhi, asiddhi, naraka yA anya gati Adi inase hI haiN|97 ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ko na kisI ne banAyA hai aura na banavAyA hai; na to ye kRta haiM, na kRtrima aura na hI kisI se apanI utpatti kI apekSA rakhate haiN| ye pA~ca mahAbhUta Adi-anta rahita haiM, svatantra evaM zAzvata haiN|98 pA~ca mahAbhUta hI jIva haiM / ye hI astikAya haiN| ye hI jIvaloka haiN| saMsAra kA kAraNa ye hI haiM / tRNa kA kampana taka inake kAraNa hI hotA haiN| ina pRthvI Adi pA~ca mahAbhUtoM ke zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hone para inhIM bhUtoM se abhinna jJAnasvarUpa caitanya utpanna hotA hai| jaise gur3a, mahuA Adi madya kI sAmagrI ke saMyoga se madazakti utpanna ho jAtI hai, vaise hI pA~ca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se zarIra meM caitanya zakti utpanna ho jAtI hai| jaise jala meM bulabule utpanna hote haiM aura vilIna ho jAte haiM, vaise hI pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se caitanya utpanna hotA hai aura unhIM meM vilIna ho jAtA hai / 100 95. saMyuktanikAya 1.135 96. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.7,8 97. sUtrakRtAMga 2.1.655 98. vahI 665 99. vahI 657 100. SaDdarzana samuccaya 84, prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 115 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
zarIra se atirikta anya koI jIva nahIM hai, jo loka paraloka jAkara zubha azubha kA phala bhoge| jo kucha hai zarIra hai, aura vaha bhI bijalI kI taraha caMcala hai, isalie khAo, pIo aura mastI se raho / 01 sAMkhya darzana meM AtmAH sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa aura prakRti-ye do mukhya tattva haiM / vaise to sAMkhya darzana 25 tattva mAnatA hai| inameM prakRti aura usake 23 vikAroM kA evaM puruSa kA samAveza ___ sAMkhya ke anusAra yaha caitanya 'zarIra' nahIM hai, aura na tattvoM se utpanna padArtha hai, yaha unake aMdara alaga-alaga vidyamAna bhI nahIM hai, ata; una sabameM eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| yaha indriyoM se bhinna hai / 103 indriyA~ darzana ke sAdhana avazya haiM, dRSTA nhiiN| puruSa buddhi se bhI bhinna hai, kyoMki buddhi acetana hai| hamAre anubhavoM kI ekatA AtmA ke kAraNa hai| vizuddha AtmA hI puruSa hai jo prakRti se bhinna hai|104 puruSa kA prakAzamaya svarUpa kabhI parivartita nahIM hotA / 105 yaha suSupta avasthA meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai / 106 yaha puruSa na kisI kA kArya hai aura na kAraNa / 107 ___ buddhi, mana Adi tattva caitanya puruSa kI dAsatA meM hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa caitanyamaya hai / yaha na sukhamaya hai aura na duHkhamaya / 108 yaha Anandamaya bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki Ananda to sattvaguNa ke kAraNa hotA hai, jisakA saMbandha prakRti se hai jo triguNAtmikA hai| sAMkhya kA puruSa guNarahita hai| tathA yaha na parimita hai na annuruup| yaha puruSa prakRti kI kisI kriyA meM bhAga nahIM letA arthAt yaha niSkriya hai| " sAMkhya ke anusAra bhI AtmAe~ aneka haiN| inakI indriyA~, karma, janma, maraNa sabhI bhinna-bhinna haiM / 109 kAI svarga meM jAtI haiM to koI naraka meN| 101. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 82. 564 102. sAMkhyapravacanasUtra 5.129 103. vahI 2.29 104. sA. pra. sU. 6.1.2 105..sAMkhya pravacanabhASya 1.75 106. sAM. pra. sU. 1.148 107. sAM. pra. sU. 1.61 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
sAMkhya ke puruSa kA Adi hai aura na anta / yaha nirguNa, sUkSma, sarvavyApI, nityadRSTA, indriyAtIta tathA mana kI pahuMca se bAhara hai| yaha vyavahArika arthoM meM saba vastuoM ko nahIM jAnatA, kyoMki zArIrika sImA meM sImita indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA hI jJAna saMbhava hai| jaba AtmA isa sImA se mukta hotA hai taba ise parivartana kA bodha nahIM rahatA, apitu yaha apane svarUpa meM rahatA hai| 110 puruSa prakRti se saMbaddha nahIM hai, mAtra darzaka hai, udAsIna hai, akelA hai aura niSkriya puruSa aura prakRti paraspara pratikUla lakSaNa vAle haiN| prakRti parivartanazIla hai| puruSa amUrta, cetana, nitya, sarvagata, niSkriya, akartA, bhoktA,nirguNa, sUkSma AtmA hai| jabaki prakRti triguNAtmaka (sattvaguNa, rajoguNa, tamoguNa) prameya hai, ahaMkAra sahita hai aura jIva hai / 12 sAMkhya darzana meM puruSa aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna padArtha haiN| ahaMkAra sahita puruSa hIjIva hai / 113 vizuddha AtmA buddhi se pare hai jabaki buddhi ke aMdara puruSa kA pratibimba ahaMbhAva ke rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, jo hamArI sabhI avasthAoM kA, jisameM sukha duHkha bhI sammilita haiM, bodha prApta karane vAlA hai| jaba taka hama AtmA ko buddhi se bhinna nahIM samajhate, jo lakSaNa aura jJAna meM buddhi se bhinna hai, taba taka hama buddhi ko hI AtmA samajhate rahate haiN|114 pratyeka ahaMbhAva eka aisA sUkSma zarIra rakhatA hai jo indriya sahita mAnasika upakaraNa se nirmita hai, aura yahI sUkSma zarIra punarjanma kA AdhAra hai / 115 108. bhA. darzana DaoN. rAdhA. bhAga 2 pR. 279 109. sA. pra. sU. 6.45 110. sA. pra. sUtra vRtti 6.59 111. sAM. kA. 19 112. sA. pra. sU. vRtti 6.63 113. sAM. pra. bhASya 6.63 114. yogasUtra 2.6 115. sAM. pra. sU. 3.16 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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puruSa vizuddha cetana svarUpa hai, parantu jaba taka yaha rajoguNa aura tamoguNa se Acchanna rahatA hai taba taka yathArtha kA bhUla jAtA hai / mokSa tathA bandhana rUpa parivartana kA saMbandha sUkSma zarIra ke sAtha hai jo puruSa ke sAtha saMlagna hai / laukika jIvAtmA, puruSa aura prakRti kA mizraNa hai| jaba rajoguNa pradhAna hotA hai to puruSa mAnavIya jagat meM praveza karatA hai| vahA~ vaha baicena hokara duHkha se chuTakArA pAne va mukti ke lie prayantazIla hotA hai| jaba sattvaguNa kI adhikatA ho jAne para rakSAparaka jJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai, taba prakRti ahaM ko aura adhika jIvana kI ApadA se bAMdhakara nahIM rakha pAtI / usa avasthA meM mRtyu ke bAda prakRti aura puruSa kA bandhana TUTa jAtA hai aura AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| jIvastikAya ke lakSaNa : dravya ke jitane bhI lakSaNoM para dvitIya adhyAya meM vimarza kiyA gayA hai, ve samasta lakSaNa jIva meM pAye jAte haiM, ataH jIva bhI dravya hai| jaina AgamoM meM 'jIva' zabda ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha haiM; jIvAstikAya, prANa, bhUta, sattva, vijJa, cetA, jetA, AtmA, pudgala, mAnava, kattA, vikartA, jagat, jantu, yoni, zarIra aura antraatmaa|116 / / ___jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / 197 'upayoga' zabda vyApaka arthavAlA hai| vaha 'jJAna' aura 'darzana' donoM ko samAhita karatA hai / yaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai| kundakundAcArya ne samayasAra meM evaM haribhadrasUri ne SaDdarzana samuccaya meM 119 jIva kA lakSaNa 'cetanA' kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM jIva kA lakSaNa 'upayoga' upalabdha hotA hai |120pNcaastikaay meM kundakundAcArya ne jIva kA lakSaNa 'upayoga' aura 'cetanA' ubhaya rUpa se kiyA hai / 121 isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki 'cetanA' aura 'upayoga' donoM ekArthaka haiN| cetanA jIva kI yogyatA evaM upayoga usakI kriyAnviti hai| .. 116. bhagavatI 20.2.7 - 117. upayogo lakSaNam-ta.sU.2.8, bhagavatI 13.4.27., jIvo uvaogamao- bR.da.sa.2. 118. sa.sA. 48 119. SaDdarzanasamu. 49 120. uttarA. 28.70 121. paM. kA. 16 pa For Personal & Private Use Only

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upayoga ke prakAra :___upayoga do prakAra kA hai- jJAnopayoga evaM darzanopayoga / 122 ise guNaratnasUri ne SaDdarzana kI TIkA meM sAkAra caitanya (jJAna) aura nirAkAra caitanya (darzana) bhI kahA hai / 123 bRhad dravyasaMgraha TIkA meM ise savikalpaka bhI kahA gayA hai / 124 paMcAstikAya meM jIvA ko jJAnadarzana se yukta batAkara inheM jIva ke sAtha ananya va sarvakAla bhI kahA gayA hai, arthAt jIva meM jJAnadarzana rUpa upayoga tInoM kAloM meM rahatA hai| 125 jo vizeSa ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha jJAna aura jo sAmAnya ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha darzana hai|926 jIva kA lakSaNa jJAna-darzanamaya hai| jJAnopayoga evaM darzanopayogaH___ darzana kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai- "pazyati, dRzyate dRSTimAnaM vA darzanam" arthAt jo dekhatA hai, jisake dvArA dekhA jAtA hai athavA dekhanAmAtra hI darzana hai|127 jaMba viSaya aura viSayI kA sannipAta hotA hai taba darzana hotA hai| vizeSaNa se zUnya 'kucha' hai, yaha grahaNa honA darzana hai / 129 abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba koI jJAyaka kisI padArtha ko mAtra dekhatA hai, usa prakriyA meM jaba taka vaha koI vikalpa na kare, taba taka jo sattAmAtra kA grahaNa hotA hai use darzana kahate haiM, aura jaise hI dRSTa padArtha ke zukla, kRSNa ityAdi vizeSaNoM se yukta vikalpa rUpa kI pratIti hone lagatI hai, taba use jJAna kahate haiM / 130 ___jJAna kI paribhASA dete hue pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki, jo jAnatA hai, jisake dvAra jAnA jAtA hai, vaha jJAna hai / 131 122. sa.si. 2.8.273 123. SaDada. TI. 49.97., bR.ta.kR. 2.8.15.86 124. bR.da.sa.TI. 4.15 125. paM.kA. 40 126. paM. kA.TI. 40.75 127. sa.si. 1.1.6.4 128. vahI 1.15.190.79 129. 2.bha.ta. 47.9 130. bR.dra.saM. 43.216 131. sa. si. 1.1.64 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jJAna aura darzana kI saMyukta vyAkhyA: sAmAnya kI mukhyatApUrvaka vizeSa ko gauNa karake padArtha ke jAnane ko darzana kahate haiM aura vizeSa kI mukhyatApUrvaka sAmAnya ko gauNa karake padArtha ke jAnane ko jJAna kahate haiM / 132 jJAna aura darzana meM aMtara : - jJAna aura darzana jIva ke svabhAva haiM, ataH donoM abhinna haiM, parantu kathaMcit bhinna bhI haiN| jisake dvArA dekhA jAye aura jAnA jAye use darzana kahate haiM - isa prakAra ke lakSaNa se, jJAna aura darzana meM koI vizeSatA nahIM rahegI tathA cakSurindriya aura Aloka bhI darzana ho jAyeMge / ' yadi koI aisI zaMkA kare, to usakA samAdhAna hai ki nahIM! aisA nahI hai / antarmukha citprakAza ko darzana aura bahirmukha citprakAza ko jJAna kahate haiN| dekhane meM sahakArI kAraNa hote hue bhI Aloka aura cakSu darzana nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki caMkSu aura Aloka AtmA ke svabhAva nahIM haiM / 133 darzana mAtra sAmAnya kA hI grAhaka nahIM hai, isI prakAra jJAna mAtra vizeSa kA hI grAhaka nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka dravya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka haiM, aura sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu kA krama ke binA hI grahaNa hotA hai / dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki sAmAnya ko chor3akara mAtra vizeSa arthakriyA karane meM asamartha hai / arthakriyA meM jo samartha nahIM hotI, vaha avastu hotI hai| usa avastu kA grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa nahIM hotA / tathA mAtra vizeSa kA grahaNa bhI to nahIM hotA, kyoMki sAmAnya rahita kevala vizeSa meM karttA-karma rUpa vyavahAra nahIM bana sktaa| jaba vizeSa ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna pramANa nahIM banatA to mAtra sAmAnya ko grahaNa karane vAlA darzana bhI nahIM banatA / 134 darzana va jJAna meM svapara - grAhakatA kA samanvaya : jJAna ko bahirmukha prakAzaka aura darzana ko antarmukha prakAzaka kahA gayA hai / parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM ki jJAna mAtra para - prakAzaka hI hai aura darzana mAtra sva-prakAzaka haiM / aura kevala isI vidhi se AtmA sva-para prakAzaka donoM 132. syAdvAdamaM. 1.8 133. dhavalA 9.1.4. 145 134. bR.dra. sa. 44.215 - 215 - 218 evaM dha. 1.1.1.4.146.3 87 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai| 135 yadi 'jJAna' mAtra para prakAzaka ho to bAhyasthiti ke kAraNa AtmA kA jJAna se saMparka hI nahIM rahegA, taba sva ko jAnane kA usakA svabhAva hone para sarvagatabhAva nahIM rahegA! isI prakAra darzana bhI mAtra antaH rUpa ko hI dekhe, bAhyasthita padArtha ko na dekhe, yaha saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH jJAna-darzana lakSaNa vAlA AtmA hI svapara prakAzaka hai!136 yadi jJAna ko mAtra para-prakAzaka mAneM to saMpUrNa sRSTi cetanamaya bana jAegI, kyoMki jJAna para-prakAzaka hone ke kAraNa dravya se pRthak prakAzaka hogA, taba yA to zUnyatA kI Apatti hogI yA jahA~-jahA~ vaha pahu~cegA ve sAre dravya cetanA ho jaayeNge| 137 AtmA na kevala jJAnamaya hai, aura na kevala darzanamaya hai, apitu, vaha ubhaya hai| jisa prakAra agni meM dAhakatA bhI hai aura pAka guNa bhI ! 138 upayoga ke prakAra : vaha jJAnopayoga ATha prakAra kA aura darzanopayoga cAra prakAra kA hai!139 / bRhadrvya saMgraha meM bhI vyavahAra naya se ATha prakAra kA jJAna aura cAra prakAra kA darzana kahA gayA hai, parantu ise sAmAnya rUpa se jIva kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| zuddha naya kI apekSA se to zuddha jJAna-darzana hI jIva kA lakSaNa haiM!14deg paJcAstikAya meM kundakundAcArya ne bhI jJAna-darzana ke isI saMkhyAbheda kI puSTi kI hai tathA nAmollekha kiye haiM-matijJAna,zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaH paryavajJAna kevalajJAna, kumatijJAna, kuzrutajJAna aura vibhaMgajJAna -ye jJAna ke evaM cakSu, acakSu, avadhi aura kevala ye cAra darzana ke bheda batalAe haiN|141 jJAna ke aMtima tIna bhedoM ko vibhAva jJAna bhI kahate haiM / 142 135. niyamasAra 161 136. ni.sA.tA.vR. 161 137. niyamasAra 162 138. ni.sA.tA.vR. 162 139. ta.sU. 2.9 140. bR.dra.saM.6 141. paM. kA. 41-42, sa. si. 2.9.237 142. ni.sA.tA.bR. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryaya ko vibhAva jJAnopayoga aura kevalajJAna ko svabhAva jJAnopayoga kahate haiM ! 143 yaha jJAna indriya-nirapekSa aura asahAya hai !144 cakSu acakSu, avadhi ye darzana vibhAva darzana, aura kevala darzana svabhAva darzana hai / 145 upayoga meM krama:- yaha jJAna-darzanamaya upayoga chadmastha karmayukta AtmA ko krama se, aura kevalI ko yugapat hotA hai! 146 niyamasAra meM sUrya kA udAharaNa dete hue ise aura spaSTa kiyA hai, jaise sUrya kA prakAza aura tApa eka sAtha rahate haiM, usI prakAra kevalajJAnI ko jJAna aura darzana eka sAtha vartate haiM / 147 sahavAdI aura kramavAdI :- dravya aura guNa ananya haiM, ve eka dUsare se abhinna hote haiM / 148 jJAna jIva kA svarUpa yA lakSaNa hai, ataH AtmA, AtmA ko jAnatA hI hai / 149 parantu kevalI ko vaha upakrama pUrvaka hotA hai yA eka sAtha, isameM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM matabheda hai / zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamapATha yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA karate haiM ki jJAna aura darzana ekasAtha saMbhava nahIM haiN| isa viSaya meM gautama gaNadhara aura mahAvIra svAmI kA saMvAda bhagavatIsUtra meM paThanIya hai| gautama jijJAsu bhAva se pRcchA karate haiM, prabhu ! kyA parama avadhijJAnI manuSya jisa samaya paramANu pudralaskandha ko jAnatA hai, usa samaya dekhatA hai? prabhu ne samAdhAna meM kahA- nahIM / gautamasvAmI svAmI ne punaH pUchA- aisA kyoM? taba bhagavAn ne kahA- parama avadhijJAnI kA jJAna sAkAra (vizeSagrAhaka) hai aura darzana anAkAra hai, ataH jAnanA aura dekhanA eka samaya meM saMbhava nahIM hai| yahI prazna punaH kevalajJAnI ke bAre 143. ni.sA. 10 144. ni. sA. 12 145. ni.sA. 13.14 146. sa. si. 2.9.273 147. ni.sA. 160 148. pa. kA. 45 149. ni.sA. 170 89 For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM pUchA, to paramAtmA ne jJAna aura darzana eka hI kAla meM asaMbhava batAe aura vA kAraNa dohraayaa|150 ____ gautama aura mahAvIra kI isI prakAra kI carcA prajJApanA meM bhI upalabdha hoN| gautama - jisa samaya kevalI ratnaprabhA naraka ko dekhate haiM, usa samaya jAnA . haiM yA nahIM? mahAvIra - yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| gautama - isakA kyA kAraNa hai ki jJAna aura darzana yugapat nahIM hotA? mahAvIra - cU~ki jJAna sAkAra hai aura darzana anAkAra / ataH eka sAtha dona . . upayoga nahIM hote / 151 parantu isake viparIta, zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI prakhara tArkika AcArya siddhasena apanI yuktiyoM dvArA yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki jJAna aura darzana yugapat hote haiN| jJAnAvaraNIya karmakSaya se utpanna hone vAlA kevalajJAna jaise utpanna hotA hai vaise hI darzanAvaraNIya karmakSaya se kevala darzana bhI utpanna hotA hai / 152 ___ karmopazama ke kAraNa chadmastha meM darzana aura jJAna meM krama sambhava ho pAtA hai, kintu jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya-ina cAra ghAtIkama kA jaba yugapat kSaya hotA hai taba jJAna aura darzana meM krama kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI; anyathA kAlamAtrA taka eka kevalajJAnI ke zeSa tIna ghAtIkoM kI sattA mAnI par3egI, dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahanA hogA ki mohanIya aura antarAya karmoM kI upasthiti meM bhI kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana sambhava haiN| isI prakAra kI anya ApattiyA~ A pdd'eNgii| jaba jJAna ke AvaraNa kSaya ho jAte hai to ajJAna nahIM raha jAtA; usI kSaNa jJAna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI darzana avarodhaka AvaraNa kA kSaya hone para darzana guNa bhI 150. bhagavatI 18.8.21.22 151. prajJApanA 30.319 pR. 531 152. saM. ta. 2.5 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pragaTa ho jAtA hai; jJAnAvaraNa Adi cAroM ghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya yugapat hone se jJAna aura darzana meM kAlabheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / 153 vyakta aura avyakta kA bheda sAmAnya AtmA meM hotA hai, parantu kevalI AtmA meM nahIM hotA / vyakta darzana aura vyakta jJAna-ye donoM kevalI ke lie ekasAtha saMbhava haiM!154 yadi aisA na mAnA jAye, to sarvajJatA bhI kramavAda se khaMDita ho jaaegii| sarva jAnanA aura sarva dekhanA hI sarvajJa kI paribhASA hai / 155 ___ zvetAmbara paramparA ke hI AcArya jinabhadrasUri ke anusAra kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana eka sAtha nahIM hote / 156 vastutaH yaha krama upayoga kI apekSA se kahA gayA ho sakatA hai, jaise kisI ke svarNa khacita pAdukA aura svarNakhacita Asana donoM vibhUtiyA~ eka sAtha svAmitva meM hoM, phira bhI vaha yA to Asana grahaNa kara sakatA hai yA gamana kara sakatA hai; donoM kArya eka sAtha na hone para bhI svAmitva meM to donoM eka sAtha ho sakate haiN| digambara paramparA meM yadyapi yaha pracalita hai ki kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana yugapat hote haiM, parantu digambara sAhitya meM hI kucha uddharaNa aise haiM jinase yaha tathya puSTa hotA hai ki digambara paramparA meM bhI jJAna aura darzana meM ve kramavAdI haiN| guNadharAcArya ke kaSAyapAhuDa kI mUla 15-20 kI gAthAoM meM jina mArgaNaoM ke alpa-bahutva ke rUpa meM jaghanya utkRSTa kAla kahA gayA hai, vahA~ utkRSTa kAla meM alpa-bahutva meM kahA gayA hai- "cakSudarzanopayoga ke utkRSTa kAla se cakSujJAnopayoga kA kAla dugunA hai|" usase zrotra, ghrANa, jihvA, indriyoM kA jJAnopayoga, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga Adi sparzanendriya jJAnopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| sparzanendriya ke jJAnopayoga se avAyajJAna kA utkRSTa kAla dugunA hai| isase IhA jJAnopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika hai| isase zrutajJAna kA, zrutajJAna se zvAsocchvAsa kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika 153. vahI 2.6 154. vahI 2.11 155. vahI.2.13 156. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 3096 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura kaSAya sahita jIva kI zukla lezyA kA utkRSTa kAla svasthAna meM samAna hote hue bhI pratyeka kA utkRSTa kAla zvAsocchvAsa se vizeSa adhika hai| kevalajJAna ke utkRSTa kAla se ekatva vitarka avicAra dhyAna kA utkRSTa kAla vizeSa adhika hai| inase pRthaktva vittarka savicAra dhyAna kA kAla dugunA hai| isase pratipAtI sUkSmasaMparAya upazama zreNI meM car3hane vAle kA; sUkSma saMparAya, kSapaka saMparAya kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| sUkSma sAMparAyika jIva ke utkRSTa kAla se mAna kaSAya kA utkRSTa kAla dugunA hai| isase krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, kSudrabhavagrahaNa, kRSTikaraNa, saMkrAmaka kA utkRSTa kAla kramazaH vizeSa adhika hai| isase upazAnta kaSAya kA kAla dugunA hai| isase kSINa kaSAya kA, isase cAritra mohanIya ke upazAmaka kA, isase cAritramohanIya ke kSapaka kA kAla vizeSa adhika hai / 157 isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki darzanopayoga saMbandhI sabhI indriyoM, mana, vacana, kAyA, avAya, IhA, va zrutajJAna inakA utkRSTa kAla zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hotA hai / kevalajJAnopayoga va kevaladarzanopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla eka zvAsocchvAsa se adhika aura do zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hotA hai| arthAt isa samaya taka meM upayoga badala jAtA hai| ataH jahA~ kevalajJAna va kevaladarzana ke upayoga kA samaya antarmuhUrta diyA hai, vahA~ yaha antarmuhUrta se zvAsocchvAsa ke utkRSTa kAla se kama hI samajheM / 1588 __ kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA utkRSTa kAla antarmuhUrta kahA hai, isase lagatA hai, kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI pravRtti eka sAtha nahIM hotI / 159 ____TIkAkAra vIrasenAcArya ne ise ina zabdoM meM puSTa kiyA hai-"kAryarahita 'zuddha jIva' pradezoM se ghanIbhUta darzana aura jJAna meM anAkAra aura sAkAra rUpa se upayoga rakhane vAle hote haiM, yaha siddhAtmA kA lakSaNa hai / 160 157. kaSAyapAhuDa 15-20 158. kusuma abhi. grantha-kanhaiyAlAla loDhA khaM. 4 pR. 288 159. kaSAyapAhuDa pR. 319 160. dhavalA 2.9.56 pR. 98 92 For Personal & Private Use Only

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agara upayoga yugapat hotA to inakA kAla ananta utkRSTa kAla honA cAhie thA, parantu kaSAya-pAhuDa kI mUla gAthA meM kevalajJAnopayoga va kevaladarzanopayoga kA utkRSTa kAla do zvAsa se kama batAyA gayA hai, jo kramavAda mAnane para hI saMbhava darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa kA kSaya hone para kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kI utpatti eka sAtha hotI hai, parantu donoM upayoga eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate / 161 isase yahI sArAMza nikalatA hai ki guNa to eka sAtha rahate haiM, para upayoga kramapUrvaka hotA hai / guNa upalabdhi hai| upayoga kA artha hai usa guNa meM pravRtta honaa| upayoga aura upalabdhi bhinna haiN| eka vyakti aneka viSayoM kA jJAtA hai, para vaha usa samaya eka hI darzana meM upayoga lagAe hue hai, para isase anya viSaya ke jJAna kA abhAva nahIM hai| ____ parantu, siddhAnta kI carcA ke bAda, yadi tArkika sArAMza dekhA jAye to siddha jIvoM ke upayoga meM bheda hone kA kAraNa hI nahIM hotA, isalie jJAnazakti aura darzanazakti kI yugapat upasthiti ke kAraNa siddha jIvoM ke dono upayoga (jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga) eka sAtha mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata jAna par3atA jaina darzana kA anekAtmavAda :* tattvArtha sUtra meM "jIvAzca" 162 sUtra upalabdha hotA hai| isase jaina darzana kA anekAtmavAda prakaTa hotA hai| ___akalaMka ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai- jIvoM kI anantatA aura vividhatA sUcita karane ke liye "jIvAzca" bahuvacana kA prayoga kiyA hai| saMsArI jIva gati Adi caudaha mArgaNAsthAna, mithyAdRSTi Adi caudaha guNasthAna, sUkSma bAdara Adi caudaha jIva sthAnoM ke vikalpoM se aneka prakAra ke haiN| mukta jIva bhI eka, do, tIna, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, samayasiddha, zarIrAkAra avagAhanA ke bheda se aneka prakAra ke haiM / 163 161. kaSAyapAhuDa 137 pR. 3211 162. ta.sU. 5 163. ta. vA. 5.3.442 93 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
eka zarIra meM aneka AtmA raha sakatI haiM, parantu eka AtmA aneka zarIroM meM nahIM raha sktii| gaNadharavAda meM isakA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / jaba gautama svAmI brAhmaNa paMDita ke rUpa meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se carcA karane jAte haiM aura pUchate haiM ki upaniSad kI agara yaha mAnyatA svIkAra kara leM ki saba brahma hI haiM to kyA hAni . mahAvIra-gautama! aisA saMbhava nahIM haiM; kyoMki AkAza kI taraha sabhI piNDoM meM eka AtmA saMbhava nhiiN| sabhI piNDoM meM lakSaNa bheda hai| pratyeka piNDa meM bhinna lakSaNa pratIta hone se vastu bheda svIkArya hai / 164 AtmA eka ho to sukha, duHkha, bandha, mokSa kI bhI vyavasthA saMbhava nahIM hai| hama dekhate haiM- eka sukhI hai, eka duHkhI hai, eka baddha hai, eka mukta hai / eka hI jIva kA eka hI samaya meM bandha aura mokSa donoM saMbhava nahIM haiN| 165 ... jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / vaha upayoga pratyeka AtmA kA samAna nahIM hotaa| utkarSa, apakarSa avazya pAyA jAtA hai, ataH jIva ananta mAnane caahie|166 eka hI jIvAtmA mAnane se na koI kartA hogA, na bhoktA, na mananazIla, na koI sukhI hogA, na koI duHkhI, kyoMki zarIra kA yadi adhikAMza bhAga pIr3ita ho to sukhI nahIM hotA, vaise hI saMsAra kA adhikAMza bhAga baMdhA huA ho to eka aMza mukta aura sukhI kaise ho sakatA hai / 167 pratyeka piMDa kI AtmA ke apane sukha, duHkha, smRti aura jJAna (upayoga) hote haiM / ataH AtmA kI anekatA vyavahAra meM bhI spaSTa hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM bhI ekAtmavAda kA virodha kiyA gayA hai / jo yaha mAnatA hai ki eka AtmA hI nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detI hai, vaha prArabhma meM Asakta rahakara pApa kara letA hai, phira akele use hI duHkha aura pIr3A bhoganI par3atI hai; saMpUrNa jagat ko nhiiN| 168 164. gaNadharavAda 1581 165. vahI 1582 166. vahI 1583 167. vahI 1584-85 188. sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.9.10 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA kA parimANa : dehapramANa : AtmaparimANa ke saMbandha meM vividha vAda pracalita haiN| nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura yoga AtmA ko vyApaka mAnate haiN| unake anusAra AtmA amUrta hai, ataH AkAza kI taraha vyApaka hai|169 gItA bhI yahI mAnatI hai / 170 _ rAmAnuja, vallabhAcArya, mAdhavAcArya va nimbArkAcArya AtmA ko aNu parimANa mAnate haiN| inake anusAra AtmA bAla ke hajAraveM bhAga barAbara hai aura hRdaya meM nivAsa karatI hai / 971 unakA kathana hai-yadi AtmA ko aNu parimANa na mAnA jAya to usakA paraloka gamana nahIM hogaa| - jaina darzana AtmA ko na vyApaka mAnatA hai, na aNupariNAma, vaha AtmA ko dehapariNAma mAnatA hai| AtmA sarvavyApI nahIM, apitu zarIravyApI hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa guNa ghaTa meM hI upalabdha hai, vaise hI AtmA ke guNa zarIra meM upalabdha haiN| zarIra se bAhara (saMsArI) AtmA kI anupalabdhi hai, ataH zarIra meM hI usakA nivAsa hai|172 kartRtva, bhoktRtva, bandha, mokSa Adi yuktiyukta tabhI banate haiM, jaba AtmA ko aneka aura zarIravyApI mAnA jAya / 173 __.AtmA kathaMcit vyApaka hai, para vaha sAmAnya avasthA meM nahIM hai| kevalIsamudghAta avasthA meM ATha samaya meM caudaha rAja parimANa loka meM vyApta hone kI apekSA vaha vyApaka hai, parantu yaha sthiti kabhI-kabhI hotI hai, niyata nhiiN| mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane ko samudghAta kahate haiM / yaha samudghAta sAta prakAra kA haiM / 174 (1) tIvra vedanA hone ke samaya mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara jAne kI vedanA ko vedanA samudghAta kahate haiN| .169. tarkabhASA pR. 149 / / 170. gItA 2.20 / 171. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 692 172. gaNadharavAda 1586 173H vahI 1587 174. bhagavatI 2.2.1, paNNa vaNA bhA. 1 pR. 237 evaM syAdvAmaMjarI 9.75 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2) tIvra kaSAya ke udaya se dUsare kA nAza karane ke liye mUla zarIra ko binA chor3e AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane kA kaSAyasamudghAta kahate haiN| (3) jisa sthAna meM Ayu kA bandha kiyA ho, marane ke aMtima samaya usa sthAna ke pradezoM ko sparza karane ke liye mUla zarIra ko na chor3ate hue AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara nikalane ko mAraNAMtika samudghAta kahate haiN| . . (4) taijas samudghAta do prakAra ko hotA hai- zubha aura azubha / jIvoM ko kisI vyAdhi yA durbhikSa se pIr3ita dekhakara mUla zarIra ko naM chor3ate hue muniyoM ke zarIra se bAraha yojana lambe sUcyaguMla ke asaMkhyeya bhAga, agrabhAga meM nau yojana, zubha AkRti vAle putale ke bAhara nikala jAne ko zubha taijas samudghAta kahate haiM / yaha putalA vyAdhi, durbhikSa Adi ko naSTa karake vApasa lauTa AtA hai| kisI prakAra ke apane aniSTa ko dekhakara muniyoM ke zarIra ko binA chor3e hI muniyoM se ukta parimANa vAle azubha putale ke bAhara nikala kara jAne ko azubha taijas samudghAta kahate haiN| yaha azubha putalA apane aniSTa ko naSTa karake muni ke sAtha svayaM bhI bhasma ho jAtA hai| (5) mUla zarIra ko na chor3ate hue kisI prakAra kI vikriyA karane ke liye AtmA ke pradezoM ke bAhara jAne ko vaikriya samudghAta kahate haiN| (6) RddhidhArI muniyoM ko kisI prakAra kI tattvasaMbandhI zaMkA hone para unake mUla zarIra ko binA chor3e zuddha sphaTika ke eka hAtha ke barAbara kA putalA mastaka ke bIca se nikalakara zaMkA kI nivRtti ke liye kevalI bhagavAn ke pAsa bhejA jAnA AhAraka samudghAta kahalAtA hai| yaha putalA kevalI bhagavAn ke pAsa antarmuhUrta kAla meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura zaMkA kI nivRtti hone para apane sthAna para A jAtA hai| (7) vedanIya karma ke adhika rahane para aura Ayu karma ke kama rahane para Ayu karma ko binA bhoge hI Ayu aura vedanIya karma barAbara karane ke liye AtmapradezoM kA samasta loka meM vyApta ho jAnA kevalIsamudghAta hai| isa apekSA se AtmA vyApaka hai| sada For Personal & Private Use Only

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jisa prakAra rUpAdi ghaTa meM hI upalabdha hote haiM, usI prakAra AtmA zarIra meM hI upalabdha hotI hai / 175 tathA zarIra ke saMpUrNa pradezoM meM vyApta rahatI hai| AtmA ko sarvagata mAnane se vaha sarvajJa ho jAyegI, phira apane sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana kaise karegI, kyoMki AtmA ko sukha duHkha hote haiM / 176 __ kevalIsamudghAta ke atirikta eka aura kAraNa se bhI AtmA vyApaka haivaha hai usakA jJAna guNa / jJAna samasta padArthoM ko jAnane se sarvagata aura vyApaka hai| isa apekSA se bhI AtmA sarvavyApaka hai / jJAna AtmA kA svabhAva hai| use aura AtmA ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isI dRSTi se jJAniyoM ne dravya (AtmA) ko vizvarUpa bhI kahA hai / 178 jJAnI (AtmA) ko jJAna se bhinna mAne para donoM ke acetana hone kI Apatti A pdd'egii|179 dUsare, jJAna ko aura jJAnI ko bhinna mAnane me hameM apanA hI jJAna nahIM hogaa|180 - AtmapradezoM kI apekSA samasta lokAkAzapramANa hone para bhI saMsArI jIva ko karmAnusAra jisa prakAra kA zarIra prApta hotA hai, vaha usI zarIra ke anusAra apane pradezoM meM saMkoca vistAra kara letA hai| zarIra kA koI aMza aisA nahIM hotA, jahA~ AtmapradezoM kA abhAva rhe| usameM yaha svAbhAvika zakti hai ki vaha zarIra ko vyApta kara le / 181 kevalIsamuddhAta ke samaya vaha loka meM vyApta hotA hai, jIva ke madhya ke ATha pradeza meru parvata ke nIce citrA pRthvI ke vajramaya paTala ke madhya meM sthita ho jAte haiM aura zeSa pradeza Upara, nIce aura tirache samasta loka ko vyApa lete haiN| 182 175. anyayo vya. 9 176: kArtikeyAnuprekSA 177 177. pravacanasAra 23-28 178. paM. kA 43. 179. paMcAstikAya 48 180. syAdvAdamaM pR. 67 181. sa. si. 5.8. 541 182. vahI - 97 For Personal & Private Use Only

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amRtacandrAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM 'amUrta AtmA kA saMkoca vistAra kaise saMbhava hai' - yaha prazna uThAkara svayaM samAdhAna kara diyA ki "yaha to anubhavagamya hai, jaise jIva sthUla tathA kRza zarIra meM bAlaka tathA kumAra ke zarIra meM vyApta hotA hai|" nizcayadRSTi se sahajazuddha lokAkAza pramANa asaMkhyapradezI jIva hone para bhI vyavahAra se anAdibaMdha ke kAraNa parAdhIna zarIra nAmakarma udaya ke kAraNa saMkoca vistAra yukta hokara ghaTAdi pAtra meM dIpaka kI taraha svadeha pramANa hai / 184. nityatA tathA parimANI anityatA (pariNAmInityAtmavAda) :___AcArAMga sUtra kA prAraMbha hI isa sUtra se huA hai ki AtmA pariNamanazIla hai| jaise kucha manuSyoM ko yaha saMjJA nahIM hotI ki "maiM pUrva dizA se AyA hU~ 'pazcima dizA se AyA hU~' uttara, Urdhva, adhaH, yA kisI anya dizA se AyA hU~ yA anudizA se AyA huuN|"185 isI prakAra nitya pariNamanazIla AtmA ko apane pariNamana kA anubhava nahIM hotaa| ___isa anusaMcaraNa kA itanA mahattva batAyA ki ise 'AtmavAdI' kA lakSaNa taka batA diyaa|186 paryAya kI dRSTi se AtmA anitya hai, parantu dravya kI apekSA nitya hai / jaise saMsArI paryAya kI dRSTi se naSTa, mukta ke rUpa meM utpanna aura dravyatva kI dRSTi se avasthita hai / 187 jaina darzana dhrauvya ke pratikSaNa parimaNana svarUpI hone se AtmA ko pariNAmI nitya mAnatA hai / isake viparIta sAMkhya AtmA (puruSa) ko sarvathA apariNAmI mAnatA hai / 188 manuSyatva se naSTa huA jIva devatva ko upalabdha hotA hai, para isameM jIvana utpanna hotA hai, na naSTa / 189 paryAya pariNamana rUpa kriyA se AtmA anitya aura 183. pra.sA.tA.vR. 137 184. bR.dra.saM.TI. 2.9.10 185. AcArAMga sUtra 1.1.1 186. vahI 1.1.5 187. gaNadharavAda 1843 188. sAMkhyakArikA 17 189. paM. kA 17 98 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dravyatva yA jIvatva meM sadaiva sthAyI hone se nitya hai / tattvArthasUtra meM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ko niSkriya batAyA gayA hai| isase yaha bhalI prakAra se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ki pudgala aura jIva sakriya haiN| kriyA kI vyAkhyA pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra kI hai| "aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta se utpanna hone vAlI jo paryAya dravya ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM prApta karAne kA kAraNa hai, vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai| 190yaha gatikriyA saMsArI jIvoM meM hotI hai, isIlie yaha vibhAva kriyA kahalAtI hai aura siddhoM meM mAtra svabhAva kriyA hai, jo Urdhvaloka loka kI ora hI le jAtI hai jabaki saMsArI jIvoM kI kriyA chaha dizAoM meM hotI hai / 191 dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya pariNAma yukta sat (nitya) hai| 192 AtmA dravya hai, ataH vaha bhI anya dravyoM kI taraha nitya hai aura pariNAmI bhii| pariNAmI kyA hai? isakA samAdhAna tattvArthasUtra meM diyA gayA hai- dravya kA pratisamaya badalate rahanA pariNAma hai / 193 ___ pariNAma svAbhAvika aura prAyogika do prakAra se hotA hai / 94 jIva aura pagala inameM svAbhAvika aura prAyogika donoM paryAyeM (pariNamana) pAyI jAtI haiN|195 isa pariNamana kI apekSA jIva anitya hai| dravya kI apekSA nitya va apariNAmI evaM paryAya kI apekSA jIva anitya aura pariNAmI hai| AtmA kartA aura bhoktA hai (AtmakartRtva-bhoktRtvavAda):- : uttarAdhyayana meM AtmA ko nAnAvidha karmoM kA kartA kahA hai / 196 AtmA hI una karmoM ke phala ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM aneka jAti, yoni meM janma letA hai / 197 190. sa.si. 5.7.539 evaM ta.vA. 5.7.446 191. ni.sA.tA.vR. 184, 366 192. pra.sA.8 193. ta.sU. 5.42 . 194. nyAyavi.TI. 1.10 195. bhagavatI 1.3.7 196. uttarAdhyayana 3.2 197. uttarAdhyayana 3.3 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pApakarma kA kartA usake phala kA bhoktA bane binA mukta nahIM ho sakatA / 198 ___bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva svakRta karma ke phala kA bhoktA hai yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM spaSTa vivecana hai| ... gautama svAmI prazna karate haiM ki "jIva svakRta karma kA bhoktA hai yA nahIM?" taba mahAvIra svAmI prazna kA samAdhAna karate haiM- kisI ko bhogatA hai, kisI ko nhiiN| gautama kI jijJAsA zAnta nahIM huii| unhoMne punaH pUchA-aisA kyo? taba mahAvIra svAmI ne kahA-jo vartamAna meM udaya avasthA meM haiM, unheM bhogatA hai; jo sattA meM (saMcita) haiM, unheM nhiiN| isase yaha na samajhe ki ve bhaviSya meM bhogane nahIM pdd'eNge| bhogane to usako par3eMge hI jo unakA kartA haiM / 199 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI samaya meM bauddha vicAradhArA pracalana meM A cukI thii| bauddhasiddhAnta 'pratItyasamutpAdavAda' ne usa samaya janatA meM kucha aisA vizvAsa utpanna kara diyA thA ki karma karanevAlA kSaNikavijJAna-AtmA koI anya hai tathA phala kA bhoktA kSaNikavijJAnAtmA koI anya hI hotA hai| isI prakAra nyAyadarzana ne dArzanika AdhAra para yaha siddha kara diyA thA ki karma karane meM to jIva svatantra hai kintu phala ke bhogane meM vaha Izvara ke adhIna hai, arthAt Izvara cAhe to puNya-pApa karmoM kA phala de aura cAhe to na bhI de; Izvara kI kRpA ho jAye to azubha kA pariNAma bhugatanA nahIM pdd'egaa| isa prakAra sAMkhya ke AtmakartRtvabhoktRtvavAda meM saMzaya utpanna ho gayA thaa| zrAvakoM ke isa bhrama ko dUra karane ke lie gautamasvAmI ne usakA samAdhAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA karavAyA thaa| bhagavAn ke samAdhAna se yaha vyAvahArika asaMtulana bhI samApta ho gayA ki karma koI kare aura bhoktA koI bane / ____ AtmA ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva se hI jIva mAtra ke karmoM kI viSamatA sthApita hotI hai| anekAtmavAda eka yathArthavAdI siddhAnta hai| isake anusAra vibhinna prANI haiM, una sabhI ke karmabandha bhI vibhinna (asamAna) haiN| ataH unake phala bhI asamAna hI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM samAnatva aura asamAnatva ko lekara lambI carcA hai / 200 198. uttarAdhyayana 3.4 199. bhagavatI 1.2.2.3 200. bhagavatI 1.2.5-10 100 For Personal & Private Use Only

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/ kundakundAcArya ne samayasAra meM nayazailI se, vyavahAra naya se, AtmA ko jJAnAvaraNIya karma, audArikAdi zarIra, AhArAdi paryApti ke yogya pudgalarUpa nokarma kA aura bAhya padArtha ghaTapaTAdi kA kartA kahA hai, parantu azuddha nizcaya naya se vaha AtmA rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva karmoM kA kartA hai, tathA zuddha nizcaya naya se zuddha cetana jJAna-darzana svarUpa zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA hai / 201 - yahI tattha kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM pragaTa huA hai ki saMsAra evaM mokSa-ina donoM kA kartA evaM bhoktA jIva svayaM hI haiM / 202 . samayasAra meM saMpUrNa dvitIya adhikAra kartA aura karma prakaraNa se vyApta hai| samayasAra ke anusAra vyavahAra naya se AtmA aneka pudgala karmoM kA kartA evaM aneka karmapudgaloM kA bhoktA hai / 203 ... ina karmoM kA AtmA vyApyavyApaka bhAva se hI kartA nahIM, nimitta naimittikabhAva se bhI AtmA kartA nahIM hai| isI prakAra bAhya padArtha ghaTa, paTa athavA anya kinhIM dravyoM kA karttA AtmA nahIM hai, parantu ghaTAdi dravya aura krodhAdi vibhAvabhAvoM ko utpanna karane vAle yoga va upayoga kA kartA hai aatmaa|204 saMkSepataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA kartA aura bhoktA upacAra (vyavahAra) se hai, paramArtha se nahIM / jIva nimittabhUta hone para karmabandha kA pariNAma hotA huA dekha kara jIva ne karma kiyA, yaha upacAra mAtra se kahA jAtA hai / 205 - isa tattha ko eka dRSTAnta ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai- yuddha meM senA hI saMgharSa karatI hai, para kathana yahI hotA ki rAjA ne yuddha kiyaa'| usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karma jIva ne kiye, yaha kathana bhI upacAra se hI hai|06| nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se AtmA para-padArthoM kA kartA nahIM hai| jo yaha mAnatA hai ki maiM dUsaroM ko mAratA hU~, dUsare mujhe mArate haiM, vaha ajJAnI hai| jo yaha mAnatA .201. samayasAra 98 202. kArtikeyAnupekSA 188 203. samayasAra 84 204. samayasAra 100 205. samayasAra 105 206. samayasAra 106 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai ki maiM dUsaroM ko sukhI hU~, dUsare mujhe sukhI karate haiM, vaha mUrkha hai| isase viparIta mAnane vAlA jJAnI hai; kyoMki karmodaya se hI jIva sukhI-duHkhI hote haiN|207 jIva kA svarUpa aura vargIkaraNa :___ koI bhI kathana satya tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai jaba vaha syAdvAdazailI meM kahA gayA ho, arthAt koI bhI tattha kisI eka apekSA se hI kahA jA sakatA hai; nirapekSarUpa se nhiiN| jainAgama meM jIvAdi ke viSaya meM jo bhI kathana prApta haiM, ve kisI na kisI apekSA se kahe gaye haiN| yadi anekAntavAda ke kathaMcid ekAntapakSa ke anusAra jIva kA svarUpa kahanA ho to vaha cetanAguNa hai| samayasAra jIvAjIva adhikAra meM paramArthataH jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue 49 vIM kArikA meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva kA guNa cetanA hai, kintu usakA koI aisA cihna nahIM hai jo paugalika ho arthAt vaha kisI bhI liMga se gRhIta nahIM hotA; vaha aliMgagrahaNa hai| yahA~ para aliMgagrahaNa ko samajhAte hue paugalika guNoM kI apekSA se kahA gayA hai ki vaha rasa-rUpa-gandha-zabda se rahita avyakta (indriyAtIta) hai| kyoMki samasta jagat do prakAra ke padArthoM kA samUha hai, jIva evaM ajIva / ina donoM ke bhedavijJAna para AdhArita jIva dravya kA svarUpa yA to usake nija guNa ke mAdhyama se batAyA jA sakatA hai yA phira usake viparIta guNadharmoM se yukta pudgala dravya ke guNoM ke abhAva ke mAdhyama se| uparyukta svarUpa karmasAkSepa nahIM hai kintu karmanirapekSa aura pAramArthika hai| pAramArthika svarUpa to anubhavagocaramAtra hai| samasta jIvarAzi ke jIva cUMki karmarahita yA karmasahita hI vyavahArAtaH dekhe jAte haiM, karmamuktisApekSa zuddha AtmA meM karmopAdhi janya azuddhi kA abhAva vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karate hue jIva kA lakSaNa batAyA jAtA hai| anAdikarmabandha se yukta jIva mukti ke pUrva taka karma se baddha rahatA huA saMsaraNa karatA rahatA hai, ise saMsArI jIva kahate haiM, aura jaba vahI jIva karmabandhana se rahita ho jAtA hai taba use mukta kahate haiN| isa prakAra, jIvoM kA mukhya vargIkaraNa saMsArIjIva aura muktajIva ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai|208 207. samayasAra 247-258 208. ta.sU. 2.10 ThANAMga 2.409 102 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmamukta AtmA: AtmA jJAnamaya, darzanamaya, atIndriya, mahApadArtha, dhruva, acala, nirAlamba aura zuddha hai / 209 AtmA dhruva, nizcita, zAzvata, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai / yaha kAla kI apekSA se AtmA ke lakSaNa haiM, bhAva kI apekSA avarNa, agaMdha, arasa aura asparza haiM / 210 AcArAMga meM karmayukta AtmA kA svarUpa isa prakAra prApta hotA hai - zuddhAtmA avarNanIya, agamya, zarIra rahita, jJAtA, na dIrgha, na hrasva, na vRtta, na trikoNa, na catuSkoNa, na parimaMDala, na kRSNa, na nIla, na lAla, na pIta, na zukla, na sugaMdhita, na durgaMdhayukta, na tikta, na kaTu, na kaSAya, na amla, na madhura, na karkaza, na mRdu, na guru, na laghu, na zIta, naiM uSNa, na snigdha, na rUkSa hai / vaha zarIramukta, karmamukta, alepa, strI-puruSa - napuMsaka Adi veda rahita hai| vaha mAtra parijJA hai, saMjJA hai, caitanyamaya hai, anupameya va amUrta hai, vaha padAtIta, zabdAtIta, rUpAtIta, rasAtIta, sparzAtIta hai / " 211 AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA ko nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se jJAyakamAtra kahA hai / vaha na pramatta hai, na apramatta, na jJAna-darzana- cAritra svarUpa hai / 212 vaha to mAtra anyaya, zuddha, upayoga svarUpa hai / 213 niyamasAra kundakunda ne niyamasAra meM AtmA kA bhAvAtmaka svarUpa batAte hue kahA ki kevalajJAna svabhAva, kevaladarzana svabhAva, anantasukhamaya, aura anantavIryamayaha AtmA hai / 214 yahI lakSaNa uttarAdhyayana meM milatA hai / 215 - 209. pra. sA. 192. 210. ThANAMga 5.173 211. AcArAMga 3.123 -40 va samayasAra 50-55 212. samayasAra 213. ni. sA. 44 214. ni.sA. 96 215. uttarAdhyayanaM 28.11 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmayukta AtmA : jaba taka AtmA jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM se baMdhA huA hai, taba taka vaha saMsArI kahalAtA hai / jyoMhi ye karma samApta hote haiM yA jIva se karmoM kA saMbandha vicchinna hotA hai, usakA zuddha aura ujjvala svarUpa prakaTa ho jAtA hai / 216 ise paramAtmA yA siddhAtmA bhI kahate haiN| zuddha AtmA kA svarUpa caitanya hai - jaisA pUrva meM pAramArthika jIvasvarUpa vivaraNa meM kaha Aye haiN| jIva meM jJAna - darzana guNa kI dhArA nirantara bahatI rahatI hai / saMsArI avasthA meM jaisA - jaisA bAhya aura antaraMga nimitta milatA hai, usake anusAra vaha dhArA nyUnAdhika aura malina, malinatara yA malinatama hotI hai; mAtra kevalI avasthA meM paripUrNa vizuddha ho pAtI hai kyoMki kevalI meM bAhya va aMtaraMga kAraNa apekSita nahIM rahate / 217 kundakundAcArya ne AtmA kA svarUpa paMcAstikAya meM batAte hue kahA hai ki AtmA caitanya, upayoga svarUpa, prabhu, karttA, bhoktA, dehapramANa, amUrta, va karmasaMyukta hai / 218 SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM AcArya haribhadrasUri ne jIva kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA. hai ki-jIva caitanyasvarUpa, jJAna-darzana Adi guNoM se bhinna-bhinna, manuSyAdi vibhinna paryAyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, zubha azubha karma kA karttA aura phala kA bhoktA hai / 215 jIva anAdinidhana hai aura cetanA usakA sahaja svabhAva hai / 220 bhagavatIsUtra meM 'jIva' aura prANI ko bhinna-bhinna batAyA gayA hai / gautamasvAmI ne jaba jIva aura caitanya kI bhinnatA viSayaka jijJAsA pragaTa kI, mahAvIra svAmI ne jIva aura caitanya ko ekArthaka batAyA / 221 parantu jaba prANI 216. paM.kA. 20 217. sa.mi. 2.8.273 298. paM.kA. 27 219. SaDdarzana samuccaya 48-49 220. abhidhAna rAjendra koSa bhA. 4 pR. 1519 221. bhagavatI 6.10.2 104 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aura jIva kI bhinnatA meM pUchA to mahAvIra svAmI kahA- jo prANa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha to jIva hai, parantu jo jIva hai usake liye prANa dhAraNa karanA anivArya nahIM hai| zuddhAtmA ke prANa nahIM hote / 212 tAtparya yaha hai ki jIva aura prANI meM yaha bheda hai ki prANI usa jIva kI (usa avasthA kI) saMjJA hai jisake dravyaprANa aura bhAvaprANa hoM; ye saMsArI jIva meM hI hote haiM, saMsAra se mukta jIva ke zarIra ke abhAva meM prANa kA astitva nahIM hotA; vaha kevala apane jIvatva guNa ke sAtha jIva saMjJA pAtA hai / sAMkhya darzana AtmA ko upacAra se karmoM ke sukhAdi phala kA vAstavika bhoktA mAnatA hai / 223 yadyapi AtmA zuddhanaya se nirvikAra hai! parama AhlAda jisakA lakSaNa hai aise sukhAmRta kA bhoktA hai to bhI azuddhanaya se sAMsArika sukha duHkha kA bhI bhoktA hotA hai / 224 jIva ko vAstavika bhoktA na kahakara agara upacAra se kahA jAya to sukha duHkha kA saMvedana nirAdhAra ho jAyegA / 225 saMsArI aura mukta AtmA aura atmikabhAva : samasta saMsArI jIva karmamala se lipta haiM / karmazakti ke kAraNa jIva kI svAbhAvika zakti kA AvirbhAva ruka jAtA hai| jIva kI zakti karmazakti ke anupAta meM adhika hotI hai| jaise eka choTI cAdara se zarIra ko Dha~kane para zarIra koI na koI bhAga anAvRta raha hI jAtA hai, usI prakAra anAdi saMsArI jIva ke cetanaguNa ko karmazakti dvArA pUrNarUpa se AvRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaina siddhAnta meM azuddhAtmA aura zuddhAtmA ke bhAvoM ke Azraya se jIva dravya ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / jIva kI 14 avasthAoM (vikAsa kI bhUmikAoM) meM hone vAle ina bhAvoM ko pA~ca vargoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM inheM chaha vargoM meM vyavasthita kiyA gayA hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM vAcaka umAsvAti ke dvArA nirdiSTa AtmA ke aupazamika, kSAyika, mizra, audarika 222. bhagavatI 6.10.6 223. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 49.96 224. bR.dra. sa. 9 225. syAdvAdamaM. 15.229 105 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hata hai| aura pAriNAmika-ina pA~ca bhAvoM226 kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA pUjyapAda kRta sarvArthasiddha TIkA meM nimnalikhita prakAra se prApta hotI hai| aupazamika bhAvaH jaise kataka Adi dravya ke saMbandha se jala meM kIcar3a kA upazama ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM karma kI nija zakti kA kAraNavaza prakaTa na honA yA kucha samaya ke liye roka denA upazama hai / jIva ke jisa bhAva ke pragaTa hone kA nimitta kAraNa karmazakti kA 'upazama' hai, vaha aupazamika bhAva hai / 227 ise spaSTa karate hue kSullaka jinendra varNI ne likhA hai-karmoM ke dabane ko upazama aura usa upazama se utpanna jIva ke pariNAmoM ko aupazamika bhAva kahate haiN| umAsvAti ne aupazamika bhAva ke do bheda kiye haiM-samyaktva aura cAritra / 228 samyaktva ke sAtha paThita hone se yahA~ para cAritra kA artha samyak cAritra hai| mohanIya karma ke do bheda haiM-darzanamohanIya aura cAritramohanIya / inameM se darzanamohanIya ke tIna uttarabheda haiM: samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyagmithyAtva, aura cAritra mohanIya ke do bheda haiM : kaSAyamohanIya aura akaSAyamohanIya / kaSAyamohanIya ke anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha, aura darzanamohanIya ke samyaktva, mithyAtva aura samyagmithyAtva-ina sAta karmaprakRtiyoM ke upazama se aupazamika bhAva hotA hai / 229 samyagdarzana kA ghAta uparyukta sAta karmaprakRtiyoM ke kAraNa hI hotA hai / isake viparIta, ina sAtoM prakRtiyoM ke upazama se tattvaruci prakaTa hotI hai, usa aupazamika samyaktva (samyagadarzana) kahate haiM / zubha aura azubha kriyAoM meM kramazaH pravRtti aura nivRtti ko cAritra kahate haiN| cAritramohanIya karma kI akaSAya(nokaSAya) evaM kaSAya(krodha-mAna-mAyAlobha) nAmaka uttaraprakRti ke bheda pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana ke upazama se aupazamika cAritra prakaTa hotA hai / 230 226. ta.sU. 2.1 227. sa.si. 2.1.252 228. ta.sU. 2.3 229. sa.si. 2.3.257 230. sabhASyatAdhigama sUtra 2.3.77 106 For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSAyika bhAva : karmoM kA sarvathA AtmA se alaga ho jAnA, kSaya hai| kataka (phiTakarI) DAlane se nirmala hue pAnI ko dUsare bartana meM DAlane se jaise kIcar3a kA atyanta abhAva ho jAtA hai / 231 ...yaha kSAyika bhAva navabheda yukta hai| jJAna darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, samyaktva aura cAritra!232 samagra jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya, vIryAntarAya, darzanamoha va cAritra moha ke AtyAntika kSaya hone para ina kSAyika bhAvoM kA prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai| dAnAdi labdhiyoM ke kArya ke lie zarIra nAmakarma va tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke udaya kI apekSA hotI hai| cU~ki siddhoM meM inakA udaya nahIM hai, ataH unameM ye labdhiyA~ avyAbAdha anantasukha rUpa se rahatI hai, jaise-kevalajJAna rUpa meM anantavIrya / 233 ye nau kSAyikabhAva cAraghAtIkarmoM se rahita sazarIra (sakala paramAtmA) aura azarIra (mukta-nikala paramAtmA), donoM meM pragaTa rahate haiN| ___aupazamikasamyagdarzana, aupazamikacAritra aura kSAyika bhAva bhavya jIva meM hI pAye jAte haiM / 234 . mizra (kSAyopazamika) bhAva:___ ise kSAyopazamika bhAva bhI kahate haiN| kSAyopazamika bhAva karmoM ke AMzika upazama aura AMzika kSaya se paidA hotA hai| jisa prakAra phiTakarI Adi ke prayoga se jala meM kucha kIcar3a kA abhAva ho jAtA hai aura kucha banA rahatA hai|235 kSAyopazamikabhAva ke 18 bheda haiM-cAra jJAna (matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, manaHparyavaMjJAna), tIna ajJAna (mati-ajJAna, zruta-ajJAna, avadhijJAna), tIna darzana (cakSu darzana, acakSu darzana, avadhi darzana), pA~ca labdhiyA~ 231. sa.si. 2.1.252 232. ta.sU. 2.4 233. ta.rA.vA. 2.4.1-7.105-106 234. sa.si. 2.1.253 235. sa. si. 2.1.252 107 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(dAna,lAbha, bhoga,upabhoga aura vIrya),samyaktva, cAritra aura saMyamAsaMyama / 236 udayaprApta sarvaghAtI karmaspardhakoM kSaya hone se aura anudaya prApta sarvaghAtI karmaspardhakoM kA sadavasthA rUpa upazama hone para tathA dezaghAtI spardhakoM kA udaya hone para mizra arthAt kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai / 237 audayika bhAva :___ mana, vacana aura kAya kI vibhinna kriyAoM ko karane se zubha, azubha karmoM kA saMcaya Atma pradezoM meM hotA rahatA hai| ye karma kAlalabdhi se paka kara jaba dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se phala pradAna karate haiM, taba yaha unakI. udaya avasthA hai / 238 isa karmodaya se honevAlI jIva kI avasthA ko audayika bhAva kahate haiN| ___ audayika bhAvoM ke ikkIsa bheda'39 batalAye haiM-cAra gati-deva, manuSya, tiryaMca aura naraka; cAra kaSAya-krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha; tIna liMga-strI liMga, puruSa liMga aura napuMsakaliMga; mithyAdarzana, ajJAna, asaMyata, asiddhatva evaM chaH lezyAkRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma aura zukla / bhagavatI sUtra meM jIva ke bhAvoM ko chaH bhAvoM meM vargIkRta karate hue chaThe 'sAnnipAtika' 240 bhAva kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ audarika bhAva ko do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai-udaya aura udayaniSpanna / udaya kA artha ATha karma prakRtiyoM kA phala pradAna karanA hai| udayaniSpanna ke do bheda haiM-jIvodayaniSpanna aura ajIvodayaniSpanna / 241 karma ke udaya se jIva meM hone vAle nAraka, tiryaMca Adi paryAya jIvodayaniSpanna evaM karma ke udaya se ajIva meM hone vAle paryAya ajIvodayaniSpanna kahalato haiM / jaise audArikAdi zarIra aura audArikAdi zarIra meM rahe hue varNAdi / ye audArika zarIranAmakarma ke udaya se pudgaladravya rUpa ajIva meM niSpanna hone se ajIvodayaniSpanna kahalAte haiN| 236. ta.sU. 2.5 237. ta.rA.vA. 2.5.3.106 (vistRta vivecana hetu tattvArtha TIkA dekheM) 238. sa.si. 2.1.252 239. ta.sU. 2.6 240. bhagavatI 17.1.28 241. bhagavatI 17.1.28 108 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vastutaH karma to asaMkhya prakAra ke haiM, vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se unheM ATha mUla prakRtiyoM evaM tirAnaveM (93) uttara prakRtiyoM meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra bhAvoM ke bhedoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| arthAt bhAvoM ke pA~ca bhedoM kI ekatra sthiti kI avasthA ko sAnnipAtika bhAva kahA jAtA hai| pAriNAmika bhAvaH * AtmA kA pAriNAmika bhAva hI use ajIva se pRthak siddha karatA hai| pAriNAmika bhAva AtmA kA svabhAva hai| anya sAre bhAva karmasApekSa haiM jabaki pAriNAmika bhAva karma udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ke binA hote haiM, isaliye ye 'pAriNAmika' haiN|242 paMcAstikAya meM jIva ko pariNAmI bhAva ke kAraNa hI anAdi-ananta kahA gayA hai|243 anAdi-ananta jIva audayika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika bhAva se sAdi sAMta haiM, kSAyika bhAva se sAdi anaMta hai|244 bhagavatIsUtra meM bhAvoM kI apekSA se AtmA ke ATha prakAra batAye gaye haiN| jisa samaya AtmA jisa pariNAma (bhAva) se yukta ho, usa samaya usI bhAva ke AdhAra para AtmA ko nAma diyA jAtA hai, yathA-dravyAtmA, kaSAyAtmA, yogAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA, caritrAtmA aura viiryaatmaa|45 isakA vistRta vivecana bhagavatI sUtra meM prApta hotA hai / 246 ___ dravya kI apekSA se sabhI jIvoM ko dravyAtmA kahA jAtA hai| upazAnta kaSAya aura kSINakaSAya ke atirikta sabhI kaSAyayukta jIvoM ko kaSAyAtmA kahA jAtA hai| ayogIkevalI aura siddhoM ke atirikta sabhI jIvoM meM koI na koI yoga (manoyoga, vacanayoga, yA kAyayoga) rahatA hai, aise jIvoM ko yogAtmA kahA jAtA hai| jIvamAtra kA lakSaNa upayoga hai, isalie sabhI jIvoM ko upayogAtmA nAma diyA jAtA hai| samyagdRSTi jIvoM ke jJAnaguNa kI apekSA se unheM jJAnAtmA kahA jAtA hai, jJAna yahA~ samyagjJAna kI apekSA se kahA hai| 242. sa.si. 2.7.268 243. paMcAstikAya 53 244. paM.kA.tA.vR. 53 245. bhagavatI 10.10.1 246.. bhagavatI 12.10.2-8 109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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cakSudarzana Adi darzanoM kI apekSA se AtmA ko darzanAtmA kahA jAtA hai| sabhI jIvoM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se darzana guNa pAyA jAtA hai| ekadezacAritra yA sarvadeza cAritra dhAraNa karane vAle zrAvakoM aura muniyoM ko cAritratmA kahA jAtA hai / saMsArI jIva sakaraNa vIrya se yukta hone ke kAraNa aura siddha jIva akaraNa vIrya se yukta hone ke kAraNa jIva ko vIryAtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| 1 tattvArtha sUtra meM pAriNAmika bhAva ke tIna bheda kiye haiM- jIvatva, bhavyatva aura abhavyatva / 247 ye tInoM bhAva mAtra jIva dravya meM hI pAye jAte haiM, anya dravyoM meM nahIM / jIvatva kA artha 'caitanya' hai / jisameM samyagdarzana Adi bhAva prakaTa hone kI yogyatA hai, use 'bhavya' evaM isase viparIta ko abhavya kahate haiM / 248 ina tInoM bhAvoM ko zuddha pAriNAmika aura azuddhapAriNAmika meM bhI vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMsArI jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa ( trasa aura sthAvara kI apekSA) : kAya do prakAra kI hai- sakAya aura sthAvara kAya / 249 'kAya' zabda kA artha zarIra hai / sabhI sammUrchanajanma, garbhajanma aura upapAdajanma bheda se janita jIvoM ke tattat zarIrajanya kSudhAdi vedanAe~ hotI hai evaM jo jIva kSudhAdi ke kAraNa bhojanAdi ke lie trasta hote rahate haiM, ve trasa haiM, aura jo eka sthAna para avasthita rahate hue bhojanAdi prApta kara lete haiM, ve sthAvara haiN| sarala zabdoM meM kahA jAye to jo cala phira sakeM ve trasa haiM, evaM jo cala phira na sakeM; sthira raheM, ve sthAvara haiM / isa prakAra, pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati ko sthAvara kahA jAtA hai, zeSa saMsArI jIvasa haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM ekendriya jIvoM ko sthAvara aura zeSa dvIndriyAdi jIvoM ko trasa kahA jAtA hai| vanaspatikAya kI kucha jAtiyoM ke jIva bhojanAdi ke lie eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para gamana karate dekhe jAte haiM, ataH ve trasa haiM yA sthAvara ? aisI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karmasiddhAnta ke AdhAra para samajhanA cAhiejinake nAma karma kA udaya hai, ve trasa haiM evaM jinake sthAvara nAma karma kA udaya hai, ve sthAvara haiM / 250 247. ta.sU. 2.7 248. sa. si. 2.7.268 249. ThANAMga 2.164 evaM uttarAdhyayana 36.68, ta.sU. 2.12 250. sa. si. 2.12.284 110 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaina siddhAnta sarvajJa, sarvadarzI tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita hotA AyA hai| isalie jIvoM kA jisa prakAra se sUkSma vivecana jainasiddhAnta meM kiyA gayA hai, Aja taka vaisA vizleSaNa aura vargIkaraNa kisI siddhAnta lie saMbhava nahIM ho skaa| jisa sUkSmasthiti kI kalpanA bhI anyatra nahIM kI jA sakI, vahA~ jainasiddhAnta meM jIvoM kA sthAna batAkara unakI saMpUrNa AhAra Adi kriyAoM ko vizleSita kiyA gayA hai / AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana meM sthAvara jIvoM kA sUkSma ciMtana hotA hai / sthAvara pA~ca haiM- pRthvI, ap, teja, vAyu aura vanaspatiM / 251 aneka prakAra se Atura mAnava pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko saMtapta karatA hai, una jIvoM kI hiMsA karanA, karAnA va usakA anumodana karanA jIva ke liye ghAtaka hotA hai / 252 jisa prakAra se vyakta vedanA-bodha janma se andha, badhira, mUka aura paMgu manuSya ko hotA hai, usI prakAra se avyakta vedanA-bodha pRthvIkAya ke jIvoM ko bhI hotA hai / 253 256 aura isI prakAra se apkAya 254 kA, teja: :kAya kA255, vAyukAya 256, vanaspatikAya 257 kA vivecana bhI AcArAMga meM prApta hotA hai / sthAvara ke AhAra sthiti Adi kI carcA : pRthvIkAya, apkAya, tejaH kAya, vAyukAya aura vanaspatikAya kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI evaM utkRSTa sthiti 22 hajAra varSa kI hai| ina sabhI sthAvara jIvoM kA zvasana kArya viSama arthAt anizcit hai / 251. jIva vicAra. 252. AcArAMga - 1.2.15.17 253. vahI 1.2.28 254. vahI 1.3.39-53 255. vahI 1.4.73.84 upalabdha 256. vahI 1.7.152 - 168 257. vahI 1.5.101-112 111 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sabhI sthAvara AhAra ke abhilASI pratikSaNa rahate haiM / 258 dravya svarUpa se anantapradezI hote haiM / kSetra kI apekSA se chahoM dizAoM meM rahate haiN| kAlA, nIlA, pIlA, lAla, sapheda varNa ke, surabhi gaMdha - durabhigaMdha ke, tiktiAdi pA~coM rasoM ke, karkazAdi AThoM sparzoM se yukta AhAra lete haiN| sthAvarajIvoM ke sparzana indiya hotI hai| sabhI sthAvara jIva asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga kA AhAra lete haiM aura anantaveM bhAga kA sparza karate haiN| AhAra kiye hue pudrala sAtA asAtA meM vividha prakAra se ra-bAra pariNata hote rahate haiM / 259 bAra ina sabhI kI vedanA samAna hotI hai| ye asaMjJI hote haiM arthAt mana rahita hote haiM / mAyI aura mithyAdRSTi hone ke kAraNa inheM niyama se AraMbhikI Adi pA~coM kriyAoM kA doSa lagatA rahatA hai| saMjJA kI apekSA saMsArI jIvoM ko saMjJI aura asaMjJI arthAt mana rahita (amanaska) aura mana sahita (samanaska) - aise do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 260 vanaspatikAya: vizeSa vimarza 'AcArAMga' meM manuSya aura vanaspati kI spaSTa tulanA kI gayI hai| ''maiM kahatA hU~ manuSya bhI janmatA hai, vanaspati bhI janmatI hai / manuSya bhI bar3hatA hai, vanaspati bhI bar3hatI hai| manuSya bhI cetanayukta hai, vanaspati bhI cetanayukta hai / chinna hone para manuSya aura vanaspati donoM mlAna hote haiN| manuSya aura vanaspati donoM AhAra karate haiN| manuSya bhI anitya hai, vanaspati bhI anitya hai, donoM azAzvata haiM / 1261 vanaspati sajIva hai, hajAroM varSa pUrva kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI isa ghoSaNA ko prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra basu ne san 1920 meM pramANita kiyA thA / Aja vanaspati ke viSaya meM jIvavijJAna kI Adhunika zAkhA svatantra rUpa se sthApita ho cukI hai / Adhunika vijJAna dvArA jIvita padArtha (Living organism) ke sAmAnya lakSaNa pratipAdita kiye haiM, ve sabhI vanaspatiyoM meM bhI pAye jAte haiM jo spandana (Movement) :- sAdhAraNa: vanaspatiyA~ apane sthAna para hI 258. bhagavatI 1.1.12, 13 pR. 27.28 259. bhagavatI 1.2.7 pR. 47-48 260. ta.sU. 2.11 261. AcArAMga sUtra 1.5.56 112 For Personal & Private Use Only

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rahatI haiN| unakI gati, tane, puSpa, patrAdi kI vRddhi ke rUpa meM yA saMvedana se hone vAle halana calana ke rUpa meM hotI hai| kintu kucha paudhoM meM yaha vizeSa rUpa se dikhAyI detA hai-chuImuI ke paudhe ko chUte hI usameM halana calana prAraMbha ho jAtA hai, sUryamukhI sadaiva sUrya kI ora hI mu~ha rakhatA hai / sanaDrayU aura vInasa phlAi-Trepa ke paudhe apane phUloM para kITa-pataMgoM ke baiThate hI apane nAgapAza meM le lete haiN| yaha kriyA eka sekiNDa ke zatAMza meM hI ho jAtI hai / 262 zArIrika gaThana (Organisation) :- jo vanaspati eka hI jAti ke haiM, unakA nizcita AkAra-prakAra rUpa raMga hotA hai| eka hI jAti ke vanaspati kA rUpa, patte, phala, phUla Adi kA gaThana eka jaisA hotA hai| 263 bhojana aura usakA svIkaraNa (food & its assimilation):-bhojana kI kriyA jIvadhArI meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| vanaspati meM yaha kriyA pratyakSa dekhI jAtI hai| vaha miTTI, pAnI, pavana Adi se bhojana prApta karake apane aMgoM ko puSTa karatA hai / ye bhI dugdhAhArI, mAMsAhArI, nirAmiSAhArI vibhinna prakAra ke hote haiN| pravardhana (Growth):- bar3hanA ! vaha bhI anupAta meM sajIva meM hI hotA hai| nanhA-sA bIja vaTavRkSa ke AkAra kA ho jAtA hai| usake phala, phUla, patte eka nizcita sImA meM bar3hate haiN| zvasana (Respiration) :- jIvoM meM zvasana kriyA anivArya hai| yaha prakriyA vanaspati meM pattoM dvArA saMpanna hotI hai| hamArI vanaspati se sabase adhika nikaTatA kA mukhya kAraNa zvasana hai| hama zvAsa dvArA jisa vAyu (kArbana-DAi-AksAiTa) ko chor3ate haiM) per3a-paudhe use grahaNa karate haiM aura per3a-paudhe oNksIjana ko chor3ate haiM, use hama grahaNa karate haiN| ise apane lekha "jaina AgamoM meM vanaspati vijJAna" meM kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA ne prayogoM dvArA bhI spaSTa kiyA hai|264 donoM upacita aura apacita hote haiN| manuSya aura vanaspati donoM hI vividha avasthA ko prApta hote haiN|265 262. vijJAna loka, aprela 1962 pR. 14 263. marudhara kesarI abhinaMdana grantha khaNDa 2 pR. 147 264. marudhara kesarI abhinaMdana graMtha khaMDa 2 pR. 147 113 For Personal & Private Use Only

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- isa saMpUrNa vivecana ko basu ne apane zodha yaMtra ke dvArA pratyakSa kiyaa| unhoMne eka aise yantra kA nirmANa kiyA jo vanaspati kI sajIvatA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| vaha yantra paudhoM kI gatividhiyoM ko eka karor3a guNA bar3A karake dikhAtA thaa| samaya kA bodha bhI eka sekaNDa ke sahasraveM bhAga taka hotA thaa| paudhoM kI saMpUrNa kriyA, pratikriyA svataH aMkita ho jAtI thii| ina yantroM se unheM spaSTa vizvAsa ho gayA ki vanaspati aura manuSyoM para nIMda, tApa, vAyu aura AhAra kA lagabhaga samAna hI prabhAva par3atA hai / 266 / . basu ne siddha kara diyA ki sacetanatA, spandanazIlatA, zArIrika gaThana, bhojana, vardhana, zvasana, prajanana, anukUlana, visarjana, maraNa (Irritability, Movement, Organisation, Food, Growth, Respiration, Resproduction, Adaptation, Excreation and Death) Adi samasta guNa vanaspati meM bhI vidyamAna haiN| ___ vanaspati meM AhAra saMjJA prayogasiddha hai| tatkSaNa tor3a gaye DaMThala sahita sapheda yA anya gulAba ko lAla pAnI meM DaMThala sahita DubAkara rkhiye| kucha samaya bAda pattiyoM para lAla raMga spaSTa dikhegaa|267 pyAse kele ke paudhe ko jala milate hI pIne lagatA hai, jisakI AvAja bhI pAsa baiThA vyakti suna sakatA hai / murajhAye paudhoM ko muskurAte pratidina hama dekhate vanaspati prakAza se bhI prabhAvita hotI hai| paudhoM ke tane sadA prakAza kI ora mur3ate jAte haiM tathA usakI jar3a viruddha dizA meM jamIna meM gaharAI meM bar3hatI jAtI hai| prajanana(Reproduction):- jIvadhArI meM hI prajanana zakti pAyI jAtI hai| vanaspati bhI prajanana karatI hai| secana kriyA dvArA parAgakaNa yoninalI ke mArga se garbhAgaya (Ovary) meM pahuMcate haiN| vahA~ pratyeka parAgakaNa eka rajakaNa se jur3atA hai| jitane rajakaNa hoMge utane hI bIja banakara garbhAzaya meM paidA hote haiN| secatana 265. AcArAMga 1.5.113 266. navanIta pharavarI 1957 pR. 37 267. prAraMbhika jIva vijJAna, pR. 197 114 For Personal & Private Use Only

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svataH bhI hotA hai aura parataH bhii| ___ vanaspati strIliMgI, pulliMgI aura ubhayaliMgI hote haiN| jaba kisI ubhayaliMgI vanaspati ke puSpa kA parAgakaNa usI puSpa ke avayava yonichatra taka pahu~catA hai, to vaha svasecana kahalatA hai| jaise kRSNakolI, sUryamukhI Adi phUloM kA svasecana hotA hai| puMlliMgI vanaspati ke puSpa kA parAga-kaNa anya kITa, pataMga, vAyu, jala Adi ke mAdhyama se usI jAti ke strIliMgI vanaspati ke puSpAvayava yonicchatra para pahu~catA hai to parasecana kahalAtA hai| bhrUNa vijJAna (vanaspati vijJAna kI upazAkhA) isI viSaya para AdhArita hai| bhAratIya vaijJAnika pro. paMcAnana mAhezvarI bhrUNa vaijJAnikoM meM agraNI hai, jinhoMne anekoM prayoga isa viSaya para kiye haiM / 268 anukUlana (Adaptation) :- prANiyoM kI taraha vanaspati bhI apane Apa ko paristhiti ke anusAra DhAla letI haiN| registAnI paudhoM kI pattiyA~ sajala sthAnoM ke paudhoM kI apekSA choTI hotI haiM tAki unase bhApa banakara pAnI kama udd'e| virsajana(Excreation):- zvasana kI taraha inameM visarjana kriyA bhI pattoM dvArA saMpanna hotI hai| . mRtyu (Death):- jIvita paudhe prArambha meM tejI se vRddhi karate haiM, parantu bAda meM yaha gati dhImI ho jAtI hai aura anta meM ve paudhe murajhA jAte haiM, jo unakA maraNa kahalAtA hai| traimAsika, SaNmAsika, ekavarSIya, dvivarSIya, bahuvarSIya bheda se vanaspati aneka prakAra kI Ayu vAle hote haiN| vanaspati ke bheda :___jaina darzana ke anusAra vanaspati ke do bheda haiM / sUkSma vanaspatikAya aura bAdara vanaspatikAya / 269 .. pratyeka vanaspati arthAt eka zarIrAzrita eka hI aatmaa| jaise sarasoM ke anekoM donoM ko gur3a mizrita kara laDDU banAte haiN| laDDU eka piNDa hone para bhI dAnoM kA Astittva alaga-alaga hotA hai, vaise hI bAhara se eka dikhane para bhI 268. jaina AgamoM meM vanaspati vijJAna, pR. 15-16 269. panavaNA sUtra 1.36 115 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jo jIva apane zarIra kA bhinna astitva rakheM, use pratyeka vanaspatikAya kahate haiN|270 sAdhAraNa vanaspati arthAt nigoda ke jIva / ve itane sUkSma haiM ki cakSu se agrAhya haiN| inake eka do tIna saMkhyAta va asaMkhyAta jIvoM kA piNDa nahIM dikhatA, apitu anantajIvoM kA piNDa hI dekhA jA sakatA hai / 271 . jainAgamoM meM nirUpita sUkSma sthAvara jIvoM kI tulanA vAyarasa aura baikTIriyA se kI jA sakatI hai| vAyarasa ke bAre meM vaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki ye itane choTe haiM ki sUkSma yantroM se bhI inakA patA lagAnA kaThina hai| saMsAra meM aisI koI jagaha nahIM, jahA~ ye na hoM / bahuta se kITANu to pratyeka tApakrama para raha sakate haiM / 272 ye vAyarasa aura baikTIriyA aneka prakAra kI AkRtivAle haiN| inameM se sUkSma golAkAra AkRti ke kITANu, jinheM kokAI kahate haiM tathA cakkaradAra AkRti ke kITANu, jinheM spAirala kahate haiM,273 sUkSma yA nigoda vanaspatikAya meM garbhita kiye jA sakate haiN| prANI mAtra meM AhArasaMjJA, nidrAsaMjJA, bhayasaMjJA aura maithunasaMjJA hotI hai / 274 saba prANiyoM meM vanaspati bhI A jAtI hai / vanaspati kaba jyAdA-kama AhAra karatI hai, isakA bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra ullekha AtA hai-varSA Rtu meM vanaspati adhika AhAra karatI hai| tadanantara anukrama se zarada, hemanta, vasanta va grISma Rtu meM alpa se alpa AhAra karatI hai / 275 pRthvI, jala aura vanaspati meM kRSNa, nIla, kApotaM aura tejasye cAra lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN|276 isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki vanaspati kI pratyeka kriyA, jo zatAbdiyoM pUrva ghoSita kI gaI thI, vaha prayogazAlA meM pramANita ho cukI hai| ina sthAvara jIvoM 270. panavaNA 1.56 271. suhamA ANAgijA....NigoajIvANaMtANaM-pannavaNA 1.gA. 103 pR. 63 272. kRSizAstra pR. 125 273. kRSizAstra pR. 1264 274. ThANAMga 4.23 275. bhagavatI 7.3.1 276: "egidiyANaM.....vaNassaikAiyAvavi" pannavaNA 17.2- 159-61 116 For Personal & Private Use Only

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277 ke sparzana indriya, kAya, zvAsocchvAsa aura Ayu ye cAra prANa pAye jAte haiN| sa- jIvoM ke bheda : dravyendriyoM ke vikAsa kI apekSA trasa jIva cAra prakAra ke haiM- dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, evaM paMcendriya / 278 jinake sparzana aura rasanendriya ho ve jIva dvIndriya hote haiM / inameM chaha prANa hote haiM - sparzana, kAya (bala), Ayu, zvAsocchvAsa, rasanA aura vacana (bala) / trIndriya ke prANa indriya bar3hane se sAta prANa hote haiM / cakSurindriya milane se caturindriya ke ATha prANa, aura zrotrendriya milane se asaMjJI paMcendriya ke nau prANa hote haiM, evaM manobala ke milAne se saMjJI paMcendriya ke dasa prANa hote haiN| 27.9 sa jIvoM ke udAharaNa : 280 kRmi, sIpa, zaMkha, gaMDolA, ariSTa, candanaka, zaMbuka Adi dvIndriya jIva haiN| jU~, lIkha, khaTamala, cIMTI, iMdragopa, dImaka, jhIMgara, illI Adi trIndriya jIva haiM / 289 makar3I, pataMgA, DAMsa, bhauMrA, madhumakkhI, gomakkhI, macchara, TiDDI, tataiyA, Adi caturindriya jIva kahalAte haiM / 282 tiryaMca, manuSya, deva aura nAraka paMcendriya saMsAra samApannaka ye paMcendriya jIva haiM / 283 paMcendriya jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa : samasta paMcendriya jIvarAzi ko cAra bhedoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai| ye bheda saMsArI paMcendriya kI apekSA se haiM - 1. tiryaMca, 2. manuSya, 3. deva, 4. nAraka aura 5. paMcendriya saMsAra samApannaka / 2849 277. sa. si. 2.13.286 * 278. ta.sU. 2.14 279. sa.si. 2.14.288 280. jIvavicAra 15 281: vahI 16, 17 282. jIvavicAra 18 283. prajJApanA 1.59 evaM ThANAMga 4.608 284. vahI 117 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #144
1. tiryaMca :- samasta tiryaMca paMcendriya tIna prakAra ke haiM- jalacara, thalacara aura khecara / 285 jo jala meM rahate haiM, ve jalacara haiN| jalacara pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-matsya, kachue, grAha, magara aura saMsumAra / matsya pA~ca, kacchapa do, grAha pA~ca, magara do, evaM sumAra eka hI prakAra ke batAye gaye haiM / 286 ye sabhI tiryaMcayonika eka apekSA se do prakAra ke bhI haiM - saMmUrcchima aura grbhj| inameM jo saMmUrcchima haiM, ve napuMsaka evaM garbhaja strI, napuMsaka tInoM hote haiN| 207 jo mAtA-pitA ke binA saMyoga ke apane Apa utpanna hoM, ve saMmUrcchima aura jo mAtA-pitA ke vIrya yA saMyoga se utpanna ho, ve garbhaja hote haiM / jo jalarahita sthAna para arthAt pRthivI para rahate haiM, unheM thalacara yA sthalacara kahate haiM / sthalacara tiryaMca paMcendriya cAra prakAra, ke haiM - eka khura vAle, do khura vAle, gaNDIpada (sunAra kI eraNa jaise paira vAle) aura nakhapAda (paira) vAle / 288 jIvavicAra meM sthalacara tiryaMca paMcendriya ko anya apekSA se tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / ve ye haiM- catuSpada - gAya Adi, uraH parisarpa - peTa ke bala calane vAle sarpa Adi aura bhujaparisarpa-bhujA ke bala calane vAle noliye Adi / 289 1 prajJApanA meM Age ekakhura, dvikhura, gaNDIpada, evaM nakhapAda ke bheda aura nAma batAye haiM / 290 inameM jo saMmUrcchima haiM, ve napuMsaka haiM, jo garbhaja haiM, ve strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka tInoM haiM / 299 285. prajJApanA 1.61 tathA jIvavicAra 20 286. prajJApanA 1.62-67 287. prajJApanA 1.68 288. prajJApanA 1.69 289. jIvavicAra 21 290. prajJApanA 1.71.74 291. prajJApanA 1.75 118 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #145
prajJApanA meM sthalacara ko uraHparisarpa aura bhujaparisarpa tiryaMca paMcendriya kI apekSA se do bheda vAlA bhI kahA hai aura unake nAma batAye haiM / 292 . ye bhI saMmUrchima aura garbhaja donoM prakAra ke haiM tathA saMmUrchima napuMsaka evaM garbhaja strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka tInoM hote haiM / 293 khecara tiyeca paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke haiM- carmapakSI, lomapakSI, samudgaka pakSI, vitatapakSI / 294 - jinakI pA~kha camar3e kI ho, ve carmapakSI haiM, jaise-camAgAdaDa aadi| jinakI pA~kheM roMedAra ho, ve romapakSI yA lomapakSI haiM, jaise-caTaka aadi| jinakI pA~kheM ur3ate samaya peTI jaisI raheM, ve samudgaka pakSI haiM, jaise-haMsa, kalahaMsa aadi| aura jinake paMkha phaile hI raheM, ve vitatapakSI haiM (ye manuSya kSetra meM nahIM haiN)| ye bhI saMmUrchima tathA garbhaja do prakAra se nirUpita kiye gae haiM, tathA jo saMmUrchima haiM, unheM napuMsaka aura jo garbhaja haiM, unheM strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka ke bheda se vibhakta kiyA hai / 295 2.manuSyaH- manuSya do prakAra ke hote haiN| saMmUrchima aura garbhaja / 296 tInoM lokoM meM Upara, nIce aura tirache deha kA cAroM ora se mUrcchana arthAt grahaNa honA saMmUrchana hai| isakA abhiprAya hai, cAroM ora se pudgaloM kA grahaNa kara avayavoM kI racanA honA / nArI ke udara meM zukra aura zoNita ke paraspara grahaNa ko garbha kahate haiM / 297 saMmUrchima manuSya kI utpatti ke caudaha sthAna hote haiN| pandraha karmabhUmiyA~, pandraha akarmabhUmiyA~ aura chappana antarvIpa meM garbhaja manuSyoM ke viSThA meM, mUtra meM, nAka ke mela meM, vamana meM, pitta meM, pUya, rakta meM, vIrya meM, pUrva meM sUkhe zukra ke bAda meM bhIge pudgaloM meM mare hue jIvoM ke kalevara meM, strI-puruSa ke saMyoga meM, grAma ke 292. prajJApanA 1.76.83.85 293. prajJApanA 1.84.85 294. prajJApanA 1.86 evaM jIvavicAra 22 295. prajJApanA 1.87.90 296. prajJApanA 1.92 297. sa.si. 3.31 322 - 119 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #146
' hA gaTara meM, zahara ke gaTara athavA saMpUrNa apavitra sthAnoM meM ye paidA hote haiN|298 Adhunika bhASA meM yadi kahA jAye to garbhaja manuSyoM ke zarIra kI kozikAoM (Body cells) se pudgaloM kA grahaNa karake inakA janma hotA hai| garbhaja manuSya karmabhUmi, akarmabhUmi evaM antarvIpa meM paidA hote haiN|299 antIpaja 58 prakAra ke, karmabhUmija 15 prakAra ke evaM akarmabhUmija 30 prakAra ke hote haiM / 300 3. deva :- devoM ke cAra nikAya hote haiN| bhavanapati, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika / 301 inameM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura pIta lezyA pAyI jAtI haiM / 302 . bhavanavAsI deva dasa prakAra ke haiM303, vyantara ATha prakAra ke aura jyotiSI pA~ca prakAra ke haiM / vaimAnika deva do prakAra ke haiM- kalpopanna aura kalpAtIta / 204 kalpopanna deva bAraha prakAra ke haiM, evaM kalpAtIta deva graiveyakavAsI aura anuttaravAsI bheda se punaH do prakAra ke haiM / graiveyaka nau prakAra ke evaM anuttaravAsI pA~ca prakAra ke haiN|305 __bhavanapati deva manuSyaloka se nIce rahate haiN| inake nivAsa kA vistRta vivecana prajJApanA sUtra 177-186 meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| vyantara aura jyotiSka kramazaH viSama aura tirache rUpa se rahate haiM / 306 vaimAnika kramazaH Upara-Upara rahate haiN|305 vaimAnika aizAna arthAt dvitIya vimAnavAsI devoM taka ke deva zarIrasaMparka dvArA viSayabhoga bhogate haiN|308 zeSa deva 298. prajJApanA 1.39 299. prajJApanA 1.94 300. prajJApanA 1.95-97 301. ThANAMga 4.124 evaM ta.sU. 4.1 302. ta.sU. 4.2 303. ta.sU. 4.11 304. ta.sU. 4.11.12.11 ta.sU. 4.16.17 evaM prajJApanA 1.143 305. prajJApanA 1.144-147 306. sa.si. 418-477 307. ta.sU. 4.19 308. ta.sU. 4.8 120 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #147
kramazaH sparza dvArA, rUpa dvArA, zabda dvArA aura mana se viSaya bhoga lete haiM / yaha sthiti bhI kalpopapanna devoM taka rahatI hai / kalpAtIta deva to viSayabhogoM se pUrNata: virata rahate haiM / 309 sthiti, prabhAva, sukha, camaka, lezyAvizuddhi, indriyavizuddhi, avadhiviSaya Adi kI apekSA Upara-Upara ke deva kramazaH adhika haiM / 310 deva evaM nairayika jIva niyama se aupapAtika janma vAle hote haiM / 311 4. nAraka:- naraka sAta haiM- ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaHprabhA, mahAtamaH prabhA / 312 sAtoM narakoM ke jIva napusaMka hote haiM / 313 gati kI apekSA nArakI, indriya kI apekSA paMcendriya, kaSAya kI apekSA cAroM kaSAyoM se yukta, lezyA kI apekSA kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyA vAle hote haiM / yoga kI apekSA inameM manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga-tInoM yoga pAye jAte haiN| upayoga kI apekSA se ye jJAna aura darzana donoM se yukta hote haiN| jJAna kI apekSA se inameM mati, zruta, avadhi yA mati ajJAna, zrutaajJAna, vibhaMgajJAna pAyA jAtA hai / darzana kI apekSA se ye samyagdRSTi, mithyAdRSTi yA samyagmithyAdRSTi hote haiN| samasta nArakI caritra kI apekSA na to cAritrI haiM, na cAritrAcAritrI haiM, apitu anivAryataH acAritrI haiM / veda kI apekSA se samasta nArakI napusaMka vedI haiM / 314 ina sAtoM narakoM kI bhUmiyA~ kramazaH nIce-nIce aura ghanAmbu tathA vAyu aura AkAza ke sahAre sthita hai| 315 ina nAraka bhUmiyoM meM kramaza: tIsa lAkha, paccIsa lAkha, pandraha lAkha, dasa lAkha, tIna lAkha, pA~ca kama eka lAkha aura pA~ca naraka haiN| ina nArako meM lezyA, pariNAma, zarIra pramANa, vedanA aura vikriyA kramazaH 316 309. ta. sU. 4.8-9 310. ta.sU. 4.21 evaM sa. si. 4. 20.481 311. ta.sU. 2.35 evaM sa. si. 4. 20.481 312. prajJApanA 1.60 ta. sU. 3.1 313. ta. sU. 2.50 314. prajJApanA 13.938 315. ta.sU. 3.1 316. ta.sU. 3.2 (digambara paramparAnusAra) 121 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #148
azubha, azubhatara aura azubhatama hote jAte haiM tathA vedanA, zarIrapramANa Adi vRddhiMgata hote haiM / 317 ye nAraka paraspara utpanna kiye gaye duHkha vAle hote haiM aura tIna narakabhUmiyoM taka saMkliSTa asuroM ke dvArA utpanna kiye gaye duHkha vAle bhI hote haiM / 318 . bhayaMkara pIr3A bhogane para bhI inakA akAla-maraNa nahIM hotaa|319 inakI utkRSTa Ayu kramazaH eka, tIna, sAta, dasa, satraha, bAvIsa, aura taiMtIsa sAgaropama hai|320 jIva aura zarIra : jaba taka rAga-dveSa kI sthiti rahatI hai, abhI taka AtmA zarIra ke baMdhana meM nivAsa karatA hai / 321 zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM-1. audArika, 2. vaikriya, 3. AhArAka, 4. taijasa aura 5. kArmaNa / 322 1. audArika zarIra : vizeSa zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se prApta hokara galate haiM, unheM zarIra kahate haiN| ye audArika Adi karmaprakRti vizeSa ke udaya se prApta hotA hai| isakA galanA, sar3anA aura vidhvaMsa honA svabhAva hai|323 jo zarIra pratighAta yukta ho arthAt pudgalaskandha ke dvArA avaruddha ho sake aura pudgala samUha ko avaruddha kara sake, vaha audArika zarIra kahalAtA hai| audArika zarIra garbha se utpanna hotA hai / ina audArika zarIroM (zarIrAvayavoM) ke Azraya se utpanna sammUrchima jIvoM kI bhI tatsadRza jAti hone se sammUrchima jIvoM kA zarIra bhI audArika zarIra kI koTi meM AtA hai| isI prakAra sthAvaroM kA zarIra bhI audArika zarIra kI koTi meM AtA hai| anyadarzanoM kI bhASA meM 317. ta.sU. 3.3 318. ta.sU. 3.4-5 319. sa.si. 3.5.375 320. ta.sU. 3.6 321. ThANAMga 2.163 322. prajJApanA 12.901 evaM ta.sU. 2.37 323. paiMtIsa bola bivaraNa, pR. 10 122 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #149
kahA jAye to sthUla zarIra ko audArika zarIra kahate haiN| garbhaja prANI tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-jarAyuja, aNDaja, aura potaja / 324 jarAyuvAle strIgarbha se utpanna jarAyuja haiM, strIgarbha meM nirmita (aNDe) se utpanna aNDaja haiM, evaM jarAyurahita strIgarbha se utpanna potaja haiN| manuSya, gAya, baila, bakarI Adi jarAyuja / sarpa, goha, giragiTa, kabUtara Adi aNDaja evaM hAthI, kharagoza, bhAraNDapakSI Adi potaja kahalAte haiM / 325 jarAyu se paidA hone vAle jarAyuja, aNDoM se paidA hone vAle aNDaja, pota se paidA hone vAle potaja kahalato haiM / 326 jarAyu, aNDa aura pota- ye tInoM zabda prAcIna bhrUNa vijJAna ke pAribhASika zabda haiN| _puMlligI aura strIliMgI jIvoM kI zarIra racanA meM vizeSatA hotI hai| strI jAti meM garbhAzaya nAmaka avayava hotA hai| lauMgika prajanana meM eka hI jAti ke paMlliMgI aura strIliMgI jIvoM ke saMyoga se strI garbha meM zakra aura zoNita ke ekIkaraNa dvArA prANizarIra kI utpatti sambhava hotI hai| __ kucha prANiyoM ke garbhavikAsa meM garbha kI surakSA ke lie mAMsadhAtu se nirmita eka AvaraNa kA vikAsa hotA hai, isameM eka drava bharA rahatA hai aura garbha isake andara tairatA sA rahatA hai; yaha AvaraNa garbha ko gharSaNa Adi se bacAtA hai| isI AvaraNa ko jarAyu kahate haiN| jAtigata svabhAva ke kAraNa kucha prANiyoM meM eka kiMcit kaThina AvaraNa se rakSita zukrazoNitasaMyoga ke dvArA nirmita garbha garbhAzaya se bAhara kara diyA jAtA hai, ise aNDaja (aNDA) kahate haiN| yaha garbha bAhara hI vikAsa ko prApta hokara AvaraNa ko bheda kara bAhara A jAtA hai| aise prANiyoM ko aNDaja kahate haiN| ___jina jAtiyoM meM garbha ke AvaraNa ke binA hI garbhAzaya meM garbha kA vikAsa hotA hai tathA jo yoni se nikalate hI calane phirane meM samartha hotA hai use potaja kahate haiN| 324. ta. sU. 2.34 325. saM. si. 2.34, 326 326H sabhASya tattvArthadhigama 2.34.108 123 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #150
2. vaikriya zarIra :____ aNimA Adi ATha, aizvarya- saMbandha se svayaM ke zarIra ko eka, aneka, choTA, bar3A Adi nAnA prakAra ke zarIra kI saMracanA karanA vikriyA hai| yaha vikriyA jisa zarIra kA prayojana hai, vaha vaikriya hai|327 vaikriya zarIra devoM aura nArakiyoM ke hotA hai / vikriyARddhi isase bhinna hai, jo audArika zarIra ke Azraya se hotI hai| 3. AhAraka zarIra : sUkSma padArtha kA jJAna karane ke lie yA asaMyama ko dUra karane kI icchA se pramattasaMyata guNasthAnavartI muni jisa zarIra kI racanA karatA hai, vaha AhAraka zarIra hai|328 4. tejasa zarIra : jo dIpti kA kAraNa hai yA teja meM utpanna hotA hai, use taijasa zarIra kahate haiM / 329 grahaNa kie hue AhAra ko yahI zarIra pacAtA hai / 3300 5. kArmaNa zarIra : karmoM (jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmaprakRtiyoM) se utpanna zarIra kArmaNa zarIra hai| yadyapi sAre zarIra karma ke nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, to bhI rUr3hi se viziSTa zarIra ko kArmaNa zarIra kahate haiN|31 yahA~ para karmasamUha upAdAna kAraNa ke rUpa meM hotA hai, arthAt yaha zarIra karmaprakRtiyoM kA hI banA hotA hai, jabaki anya zarIroM meM zarIra nAma karma Adi viziSTa karmaprakRtiyA~ nimitta kAraNa mAtra hotI haiN| 327. sa.si. 2.36.331 328. vahI 329. vahI 330. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 11 331. sa.si. 2.36.331 124 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #151
jIva ke zarIroM kI sahasthiti (kisake kitane zarIra hote haiM):___ eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra ko grahaNa karane ke pUrva taka eka jIva ke kevala do zarIra hote haiM-taijasa aura kArmaNa / ye donoM apratighAtI hote haiM, atyanta sUkSma hote haiM, aura anAdikAla se saMsArI jIva ke sAtha sambaddha haiN| jina jIvoM ke janma garbha se yA sammUrchana se hote haiM, unake zarIra audArika hote haiN| isalie, audArika zarIra ke sAtha taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra milane para inake tIna zarIra hote haiN| nArakiyoM ke evaM devoM ke aupapAtika janma hotA hai| aupapAtika zarIra vaikriyika hotA hai, isalie nArakiyoM meM svabhAvika rupa se vaikriya, taijasa aura kArmaNa-ye tIna zarIra hote haiN| __vikriyARddhikArI ke audArika zarIra ke Azraya se zarIra meM vikriyA karane kI zakti hotI hai| vikriyA karane taka adhikatama cAra zarIra hote haiM- audArika, taijasa, kArmaNa aura vaikriyikaahaark| .. pramattasaMyata muni ke audArika zarIra ke Azraya se AhAraka zarIra kI racanA hotI hai, isalie AhAraka zarIra kI upasthiti taka pramattasaMyata muni ke adhikatama cAra zarIra hote haiM-audArika, taijasa, kArmaNa aura aahaark| AtmA aura cAritra : cAritra pariNAma pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai- (1) sAmAyika cAritra, (2) chedopasthApanIya cAritra, (3) parihAravizuddhi cAritra, (4) sUkSmasaMparAya cAritra, (5) yathAkhyAta cAritra / 332 (1) sAmAyika :- rAga-dveSa kI viSamatA ko miTAkAra zatru-mitra ke prati samabhAva ko dhAraNa karanA sAmAyika hai| isase jJAna, dhyAna aura saMyama kA lAbha hotA hai| isakI jaghanya avadhi 48 minaTa evaM utkRSTa avadhi chaha mAha kI hotI hai|333 sAmAyika do prakAra kI hai-niyatakAla sAmAyika svAdhyAya Adi aura 332. prajJApanA 13.936 ta.sU. 9.8 tathA ThANAMga 5.139 333. paiMtIsa bola vitaraNa pR. 51.52 125 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #152
IryApatha kA viveka aniyatakAla sAmAyika hai / 334 (2) chedopasthApanIya :- yaha saMyamadhArI sAdhu-sAdhvI meM pAyA jAtA hai| choTI dIkSA ke paryAya kA cheda karake bar3I dIkSA ke anuSThAna ko chedopasthApanIya kahate. haiM / 335 athavA vikalpoM kI nivRtti kA nAma chedosthApanIya cAritra hai / 336 . (3) parihAravizuddhi :- prANI vadha se nivRtti ko parihAra kahate haiN| isase yukta zuddhi jisa cAritra meM hotI hai, vaha parihAra vizuddhi cAritra hai337 athavA viziSTa zrutapUrvadhArI sAdhu saMgha se apane ko alaga karake AtmA kI vizuddhi ke lie jisa anuSThAna ko karatA hai, vaha parihAra vizuddhi cAritra hai / 338 (4) sUkSma saMparAya :- jisa cAritra meM kaSAya ati alpa yA sUkSma ho jAya, vaha sUkSma saMparAya cAritra hai / 339 (5) yathAkhyAta cAritra :- mohanIya karma ke upazama yA kSaya se jaisA AtmA kA svabhAva hai, usa avasthAsvarUpa apekSA lakSaNa se jo cAritra hotA hai, use yathAkhyAta cAritra kahate haiM / 340 lezyA aura jIva : lezyAsiddhAnta jainadarzana kA pratitantra siddhAnta hai| anya darzanoM meM isakA koI paricaya prApta nahIM hotA / sazarIra saMsArI jIva ke kaSAyasApekSa AtmapariNAma ko lezyA kahate haiM / arthAt AtmA ke jo bhAva kaSAya ke bhAva aura abhAva ko pragaTa kareM, vaha lezyA haiM / kaSAya (krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha) ke taratamabhAva se bhI lezyAbheda hotA hai aura kaSAya ke abhAva se bhI / sayogI kevalI ke kaSAyoM kA abhAva hone para zuklalezyA hotI hai / ayogI kevalI ke zarIra bhI nahIM hotA 334. sa.si. 9.8.854 335. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 52 336. sa.si. 9.8.854 337. sa.si. 9.8.854 338. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 52 339. sa.si. 9.8.854 340. vahI 126 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #153
aura kaSAya bhI nahIM, ataH aise jIva ke koI lezyA nahIM mAnI gayI hai, vaha paramapAriNAmika bhAva se yukta hotA hai| lezyA chaha prakAra kI hotI hai- kRSNa, nIla, kApota, tejo, padma aura zukla / 341 lezyA bhAvanA vizeSa ko kahate haiN| prajJApanAsUtra ke anusAra vibhinna jIvoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se lezyAsthiti hotI hai jisakA digdarzana Age ke anucchedoM meM karAyA jA rahA hai| _ nairayikoM meM kRSNa lezyA, nIla lezyA, kApota lezyA hotI haiN| tiryaMca yoni meM chahoM lezyAeM hotI haiM / pRthvIkAya, apkAya evaM vanaspatikAya meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejolezyA hotI haiM / 342 dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya, tejaHkAya aura vAyukAya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyAe~ pAyI jA sakatI haiN|343 tiryaMca paMcendriya jIvoM meM chahoM lezyAe~ pAyI haiN|344 saMmUrchima tiryaMca paMcendriya meM kRSNa, nIla aura kApota lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / 345 garbhaja tiryaMca paMcendriya meM kRSNa, lezyA se zukla lezyA paryaMta chahoM lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / 346 ____saMmUrchima manuSya meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota,-ye tIna247 aura garbhaja manuSya meM chahoM lezyA pAyI jAtI haiM / 348 ___bhavanavAsI nikAya ke devoM meM kRSNa, nIla, kApota aura tejolezyA, vyantara devoM meM bhI ye cAra, jyotiSI devoM meM mAtra tejolezyA aura vaimAnika devoM meM tejolezyA, padmalezyA aura zukla lezyAe~ pAyI jAtI haiN| anya sabhI sthAnoM 341. ThANAMga 6.47 342. prajJApanA 17.1159-61 343. prajJApanA 17. 1162 344. prajJApanA 17. 1163 . 345. prajJApanA 17. 1163 (2) 346. prajJApanA 17. 1163 (3) 1164 (1) 347. prajJApanA 17. 1164 (2) 348. prajJApanA 17. 1164 (2) 3 prajJApanA 17.1164 (3) 127 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
para puliMga aura strIliMga meM samAna lezyA haiM, para vaimAnika deviyA~ isakA apavAda haiN| unameM mAtra tejolezyA hI pAyI jAtI hai|349 ye lezyAe~ sabhI meM saMkhyAnusAra honA anivArya nahIM hai| jIvoM ke apaneapane puruSArtha kI apekSA usa-usa lezyA taka pahu~ce kI kSamatA ho sakatI hai| lezyAoM ko samajhane ke lie manuSya ko udAharaNa ke rupa meM liyA jA sakatA hai kRSNalezyA vAlA atyaMta raudra, matsara, nityakrodhI, dharmarahita, dayAhIna aura gaharI duzmanI vAlA hotA hai| nIlalezyA vAlA pramAdI, mUDhamati, strIlubdha, ThaganevAlA, kAyara, Darapoka, sadA abhimAnI vAlA hotA hai| kApotalezyA vAlA cintA, AkulatA se pIr3ita, paraniMdA, svaprazaMsA aura ruSTa svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| tejolezyA vAlA vidvAna, dayAlu, kArya kA anucita/ucita vicAraka, vivekI Adi hotA hai| padmalezyA vAlA kSamAzIla, tyAgI, deva guru bhakta, nirmala citta evaM sadAnaMdI svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| zuklalezyA vAlA rAga-dveSa rahita, zoka aura nidrAmukta, paramAtmavaibhava se yukta hotA hai / 350 karma aura jIva :___ karmasiddhAnta aura usa para sUkSma cintana jaina darzana kI abhUtapUrva dena hai| karmasiddhAnta se saMbandhita vipula sAhitya jaina darzana kI anamola saMpatti hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM aneka vAdoM kA digdarzana huA hai, jinake anusAra kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, yoni, puruSa Adi ko saMsAra kI utpatti kA kAraNa evaM sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / 351 jaina darzana ne sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa jIva ke karma ko mAnA hai| 349. prajJApanA 17.1166-69 350. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa 40.41 351. kAla svabhAvo niyati-sukhaduHkha heto - zvetAzvara upa. 12 128 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #155
AtmA ke Antarika vikAsa yA nyUnatA kA kAraNa karma haiM / karma-saMyoga se AtmA kI zakti AvRtta hotI hai aura karma-viyoga se prakaTa hotI hai| zuddha AtmA para karmaprabhAva nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana syAdvAda ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina darzana kisI bhI kArya ke liye pA~ca tattvoM ko anivArya mAnatA hai- kAla, svabhAva, niyati, puruSArtha aura karma / ye pA~coM milakara kArya niSpanna hone meM kAraNabhUta hote haiN| ina pA~coM meM karma mukhya haiM, para ina cAroM kA bhI astitva hai| jaina darzana karma ko pudgala mAnatA hai / 352 ina karmapudgaloM ke kAraNa hI paratantratA aura duHkha hai / AtmA arUpI hote hue bhI karma ke kAraNa rUpI aura mUrta hai / 353 ___ jIva mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM ke dvArA jinheM upArjita karatA hai, ve karma kahalAte haiM / 354 . ___ karma do prakAra ke haiM- dravyaMkarma aura bhAvakarma / dravya karma mUla-prakRti ke bheda se ATha prakAra hai, tathA uttara-prakRti ke bheda se eka sau aTThAvana prakAra kA hai| tathA uttarottara bheda se to aneka prakAra kA hai| __bhAva karma caitanya pariNAmarUpa haiM; kyoMki krodhAdikarmoM ke udaya se hone vAle krodhAdi AtmapariNAma yadyapi audayika haiM tathApi ve kathaMcit abhinna haiM, lekina jJAnarUpatA nahIM hai; kyoMki jJAna audayika nahIM hai| ataH krodhAdi AtmapariNAma AtmA se abhinna hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit caitanya pariNAmAtmaka haiN|355 ___AtmaguNoM kI pradhAnatA ke AdhAra para karmoM kI ATha mUla prakRtiyoM kA krama isa prakAra hai- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya / kintu mohanIya karma atibalavAn hai, jaba taka darzanamohanIya para niyantraNa na ho taba taka saMsAroccheda kI prakriyA Arambha nahIM hotI, kyoMki 352. taM. sU. 8.2 353. bhagavatI abhaya. vRtti patra 623 354. parIkSAmukha 114. 296 355, parIkSAmukha kA. 1115 evaM TIkA 296-2971 - 129 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
darzanamohanIya hI vaha karmaprakati hai, jo samyagdarzana nahIM hone detii| . ___mohanIya karma ke do bheda hote haiM-darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya / kaSAya aura no kaSAya ke bheda se cAritra mohanIya do prakAra kA evaM darzanamohanIya tIna prakAra kA hai|356 darzana mohanIya ke tIna bheda ye haiM1. samyaktva 2. mithyAtva aura 3. smygmithyaatv| ___ cAritramohanIya karma do prakAra kA hai- 1. akaSAyamohanIya aura 2.kaSAyamohanIya / kiMcit arthAt atyalpa mAtrA meM kaSAya ke udaya ko akaSAya cAritra mohanIya kahate haiN| hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda aura napusaMkaveda, isa prakAra akaSAyamohanIya ke nau bheda haiM / isI prakAra anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI, aura saMjvalana bheda vikalpa vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha-ye 16 kaSAya bheda kaSAyamohanIya ke haiM / 357 cAritramohanIya karma ke udaya se AtmA kA cAritra guNa prakaTa nahIM hotaa| 1. samyaktva:- jaba 'mithyAtva' zubha pariNAmoM ke kAraNa apane vipAka ko roka detA hai aura udAsIna rUpa se avasthita rahakara AtmA ke zraddhAna ko nahIM rokatA hai, use samyaktva kahate haiN| 2. mithyAtva :- jisake udaya se yaha jIva sarvajJapraNIta mArga se vimukha, tattvArtha ke zraddhAna karane meM nirutsuka evaM hitAhita kA vicAra karane meM asamartha ho, use mithyAtva kahate haiN| 3. samyaktva-mithyAtva :- jisakA udaya mile pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hai, jo na kevala samyaktva rUpa kahe jA sakate haiM aura na kevala mithyAtva rUpa, kintu ubhayarUpa hote haiM, vaha mizramohanIya karma hai| isake lie udAharaNa jala se dhone Adi ke kAraNa ardhazuddha mandazakti vAle kodoM kA diyA jAtA hai / 358. yahA~ jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura aMtarAya:59 mUla prakRti ke ATha bhedoM ke svarUpa ko saMkSipa meM prastuta kiyA 356. uttarAdhyayana 38.8.10 357. ta.sU. 8.9 va uttarAdhyayana 33.11 358. sa.si. 8.9.749 359. ta.sU. 8.4 va ThANAMga 8.5 tathA uttarAdhyayana 33.2.3 130 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
jA rahA hai - jJAnAvaraNIya : AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko AcchAdita karane vAlA AvaraNa jJAnAvaraNIya kahalAtA hai / 360 jaise A~kha para paTTI bA~dhane ke kAraNa netroM kI padArthoM ko jAnane kI jo zakti jAtI hai, vaise hI AtmA ko AvRtta karane vAle karma ko jJAnAvaraNIya kahate haiM / 361 yaha karma jJAna ko AcchAdita karatA hai, samApta nahIM / matijJAnAvaraNa Adi jJAnAvaraNIya karma kI pA~ca uttaraprakRtiyA~ haiM / 362. darzanAvaraNIya : padArtha ke sAmAnya dharma kA bodha jisake kAraNa ruka jAya, use darzanAvaraNIya karma kahate haiM / 363 jisa prakAra paharedAra zAsaka ko dekhane ke lie utsuka vyakti ko roka detA hai, usI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya karma AtmA kI darzanazakti para AvaraNa DAlakara use roka detA hai / 364 cakSudarzanAvaraNa Adi darzanAvaraNa kI nau uttarakarmaprakRtiyA~ haiM / 265 'vedanIya jisa karma ke kAraNa sukha - duHkha kA saMvedana AtmA ko hotA hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiM / vedanIya karma kI sAtA aura asAtA do prakRtiyA~ hotI haiM / 366 sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa jIva ko zarIra aura mana saMbandhI sukha milatA hai / asAtAvedanIya ke udaya se mana, vacana aura kAya saMbandhI pIr3A bhoganI par3atI hai / 367 -: 360. sa.si. 8.3.736 361 : gommaTasAra (karmakANDa ) gA. 21 362. ta. sU. 8.6 evaM uttarAdhyayana 33.4 363. anAnAlokanam - sa. si. 8.3.736 364. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) gA. 21 365. uttarAdhyayana 33.5.61 366. vedasya sadasallakSaNasya sukhaduHkha saMvedanam - sa. si. 8.3.736, uttarAdhyayana 33.7 367. sa. si. 8.8.746 131 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
mohanIya : mohanIya karma ko saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa karma viSayaka vivecaka ke Arambha meM isakA paricaya diyA gayA hai| yaha AtmA kA zatru hai kyoMki isI ke kAraNa samasta duHkha haiN| ise zarAba kI upamA dI gaI hai| Ayu karma : kisI vivakSita zarIra meM jIva ke rahane kI avadhi ko Ayu kahate haiN| isakI talanA kArAgAra se kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ko kArAgAra meM DAla detA hai, taba na cAhate hue bhI use vahA~ rahanA par3atA hai|368 Ayu karma cAra prakAra kA hai - narakAyu, manuSyAyu, tiryaMcAyu aura devaayu|369 adhika parigrahI, Asakta, hiMsaka, kRtaghna, utsUtrarUpaka Adi svarUpa vAlA jIva narakAyu kA bandha karatA hai| isI prakAra kapaTI, mAyAvI, prapaMcI AtmA tiryaMcAyu kA, alpa kaSAyI, dAnaruci, saumya, manuSyAyu kA evaM paMcamahAvrata dhArI sAdhu, vratadhArI, zrAvaka, devAyu kA bandha karate haiM / 370 nAma karmaH - jisakA nimitta pAkara AtmA gati, jAti, saMsthAna, zarIra Adi prApta karatA hai, vaha nAma karma hai / 371 isake mukhya do bheda haiM- zubha aura azubha / zubha aura azubha ke anekoM uttarabheda bhI hote haiM / 372 gotra karma: gotra karma ke mukhya do bheda haiM-uccagotra aura nIcagotra / 373 jisake udaya se pUjanIya kula meM janma hotA hai, vaha ucca gotra karma hai, aura jisake udaya se niMdanIya 368. gommaTasAra karmakANDa gA. 11 369. ta.sU.8.10 evaM ThANAMga 4.286 370. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 2.3 371. sa.si. 8.11.755 372. uttarAdhyayana 33.13 373. ta.sU. 12 132 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
kula meM janma hotA hai, use nIca gotrakarma kahate haiM / 374 - gotra karma se tAtparya jIva ke AcAra vicAra se hai, zarIra yA rakta se nhiiN| isIliye gotra ko jIvavipAkI kahA hai / 375 antarAya karma : . jo karma vighna yA bAdhA utpanna karatA hai, prApti kI icchA hote hue bhI prApta nahIM karane detA, dene kI icchA hote hue bhI nahIM dene detA, bhoga aura upabhoga kI icchA hote hue bhI bhogane nahIM detA, utsAhita nahIM hone detA, inake kAraNoM ko antarAya karma kahate haiM / 376 isake pA~ca bheda haiM- dAnAntarAya, lAbhAntarAya, bhogAntarAya, upabhogAntarAya aura vIryAntarAya / 377 jIva aura paryApti :__paryApti chaH prakAra kI hotI hai- AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana / 378 prajJApanAsUtra meM bhASA aura mana dono ko saMyukta mAnakara pA~ca paryAptiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 79 . mRtyu ke pazcAt saMsArI jIva dUsarA janma lene ke liye yonisthAna meM praveza karate hI apane zarIra ke yogya kucha pudgala vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, isI ko AhAra kahate haiM / isa AhAra vargaNA ko zarIra, indriya Adi meM pariNata karane kI jIva zakti kA pUrNa ho jAnA paryApti hai| jIvoM ke caudaha bheda hote haiM / 38deg pratyeka jIvoM meM paryApta aura aparyApta-ye do bheda hote haiN| ve paryApta aura aparyApta jIva, ina paryAptiyoM kI pUrNatA aura apUrNatA se hote haiN| zarIra Adi pUrNa rahane para jIva paryApta aura apUrNa rahane para aparyApta 374. sa.si. 8.12.757 375. sa.si. 8.12 kA "vizeSArtha' pR. 308 376. sa.si. 8.13.759 377. ta. sU. 8.13 evaM uttarAdhyayana 33.15 378. navatattva prakaraNa 6 379. prajJApanA 28.1904 380. samavAyAMga 14.1 133 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
kahalAte haiM, indriya Adi apUrNa ho to bhI zarIra kI pUrNatA se paryAptaka khlaayeNge| aparyAptaka jIva zarIra paryApta pUrNa kiye binA hI mara jAte haiN| eka zvAsa meM 18 janma maraNa karane vAle jIva aparyAptaka kahalAte haiM / 381 AhAra paryAptiH- mRtyu ke bAda zarIra ke yogya pudgalavargaNA grahaNa karanA AhAra kahalAtA hai| usa AhAra ko rasarUpa pariNamana karane kI zakti kI pUrNatA ko AhAra paryApti kahate haiM / 382 zarIra paryApti:- jisake pUrNa hone para AhAra paryApti ke dvArA pariNata kharabhAga haDDI Adi kaThora avayavoM meM, rasa khUnA vasA aura vIrya Adi tarala avayavoM meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, use zarIra paryApti kahate haiM / 383 indriya paryApti:- darzanAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAya karma ke kSayopazama yogya deza meM sthita rUpAdi se yukta padArthoM ko grahaNa karane vAlI zakti kI utpatti ke kAraNabhUta pudgalapracaya kI prApti indriya paryApti kahalAtI hai|384 athavA "khUna, mAMsa, meda, majA, asthi aura vIrya-ina sAta dhAtuoM se sparza aura rasana Adi dravyendriyoM ko banAne kI jo zakti hai, use indriya paryApti kahate haiN|385 zvAsocchvAsa paryApti:- AhAra vargaNA se grahaNa kiye pudgala skandhoM ko ucchvAsa-niHzvAsa rUpa meM pariNata karane vAlI zakti ko zvAsocchvAsa paryApti kahate haiM / 386 bhASA paryApti:- jisa zakti kI pUrNatA se vacana rUpa pudgala skandha vacanoM meM pariNamita hote haiM, vaha bhASA paryApti kahalAtI hai / 387 manaHparyApti:- jisa zakti ke pUrNa hone se dravyamana yogya pudgala skandha dravyamana ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM, use manaHparyApti kahate haiM / 288 381. udaye Du apuNNassa.....apajattago so du-gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 22 382. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvatattvadIpikA 118 383. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) jIvatattvapradIpikA 119 384. vahI 385. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa pR. 8 386. vahI pR. 8.9 evaM dhavalA 1.1.34 387. vahI 388. vahI 134 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
AtmA aura guNasthAna :. jIva ke vikAsa sopAna caudaha mAne gaye haiM / 389 mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, aviratasamyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattavirata, apramattavirata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSmasaMparAya, upazAnta, kSINamoha, sayogakevalI, aura ayogkevlii|390 1) mithyAtva :- mithyAtva prakRti ke udaya se tattvArtha ke viparIta zraddhAna ko mithyAtva kahate haiN| isake pA~ca bheda haiM 391, ekAnta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzayita aura ajnyaan| 2) sAsvAdana :- upazama samyaktva ke antarmuhartamAtra kAla meM jaba jaghanya eka samaya utkRSTa chaH AvalI pramANa kAla zeSa rahe, utane kAla meM anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha meM se kisI ke udaya se samyaktva kI virAdhanA hone para samyagdarzana guNa kI jo avyakta atattvazraddhArUpa pariNati hotI hai, usako sAsvAdana guNasthAna kahate haiN| 3) mizra guNasthAna :- jisa prakAra dahI aura gur3a ko acchI taraha milAne para na usakA svAda khaTTA hotA hai na mIThA, apitu mizrita hotA hai, usI prakAra mizra meM samyaktva aura mithyAtva kA mizrita pariNAma hotA hai aura eka hI jIva meM eka sAtha donoM saMbhava bhI haiN| jaise eka hI vyakti eka kA mitra hai, eka kA amitra hai, vaise hI eka vyakti sarvajJaprarUpita vacanoM meM evaM asarvajJakathita siddhAntoM meM eka sAtha zraddhAna rakhatA hai / 392 . isa guNasthAna meM na cAritra grahaNa karatA hai, na zrAvakatva / isameM Ayu bandha bhI nahIM par3atA hai aura na isameM vyakti kI mRtyu ho sakatI haiN| 393 (4) avirata samyagdRSTiH- isa guNasthAna meM jIva samyaggadRSTi hote hue bhI vratadhArI nahIM bana sakatA / yaha zraddhAna (sarvajJa prarUpita vANI meM) avazya rakhatA 389. samavAyAMga 14.5 310. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 9.10 tathA dvitIya karmagrantha gA. 2 391. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gA. 15.16.17 392. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 21.22 393. vahI gA. 23.24 135 For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai, parantu pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA / 394 (5) dezavirata guNasthAna :- isa guNasthAna meM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya hone ke kAraNa pUrva saMyama nahIM ho pAtA, parantu apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya na hone se dezavirata (AMzika vrata) le sakatA hai / 295 ise viratAvirata yA saMyamAsaMyama bhI kahate haiM / 16 isa guNasthAna meM trasahiMsA se virata, parantu usI sthAvarahiMsA se avirata hotA hai, isIlie use viratAvirata kahate haiM / 397 isameM kSAyopazamika bhAva hotA hai / (6) pramattasaMyata guNasthAna :pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA upazama hone se. pUrNa saMyama to ho cukA hotA hai, parantu usa saMyama ke sAtha saMjvalana catuSka aura nokaSAya ke udaya se saMyama meM bAdhA utpanna karane vAlA pramAda bhI hotA hai, ise pramattasaMyata guNasthAna kahate haiM / yadyapi isa guNasthAna meM jIva mUlaguNa aura zIla se yukta hotA hai, parantu vyakta aura avyakta donoM prakAra ke pramAdoM ko karane se vaha saMyama meM bhI saMpUrNa saMyamamaya nahIM banatA / 398 (7) apramattasaMyata guNasthAna :- jaba saMjvalana aura kaSAya manda ho jAte haiM, sakala saMyama se yumta muni ke pramAda kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| isalie isa guNasthAna ko apramattasaMyata kahate haiM / 399 isake bheda aura upabheda kI gommaTasAra meM vistRta carcA hai / 400 -- (8) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna prathama kabhI na utpanna pariNAma kI utpatti isa guNasthAna meM hotI hai / isa guNasthAna meM bhinnasamayavartI jIvoM ke vizuddha pariNAma visadRza hI hote haiM, parantu ekasamayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM sAdRzya aura vaisAdRzya donoM hote haiM / 401 isakA kAla mAtra antarmuhUrta hotA hai / 402 394. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 29 395. vahI 30 396. ta. vA. 2.5.8 397. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa ) 31 398. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gA. 32.33 399. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) 45 400. vahI gA. 49 409. vahI 51.52 402 . vahI 52 136 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(9) anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna :- isa guNasthAna meM vizuddha pariNAmoM kA bheda samApta ho jAtA hai / antarmuhUrta mAtra anivRtti ke kAla meM se kisI eka samaya meM rahane vAle aneka jIvoM meM zarIra ke AkAra, varNa Adi kI apekSA bheda hotA hai| jina vizuddha pariNAmoM dvArA unameM bheda nahIM hotA, ve anivRttikaraNa pariNAma kahalAte haiN| isameM vizuddha pariNAma eka jaise hI pAye jAte haiM tathA ye pariNAma dhyAna rUpI agni se karmakASTha jalAne meM samartha hote haiM / 403 / / (10) sUkSmasaMparAya :- isa guNasthAna meM atyanta sUkSma lobha kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai| raMga se raMge vastra kI lalimA dhone para jaise phIkI ho jAtI hai, vaise hI isa guNasthAna meM rAga atyanta alpa hotA hai| mAtra sUkSma lobha hone ke kAraNa yathAkhyAta cAritra udaya meM nahIM aataa|04 . (11) upazAMtakaSAya :- nirmala phala se yukta jala kI taraha athavA zaradaRtu meM hone vAle sarovara ke jala kI taraha saMpUrNa mohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hone vAle nirmala pariNAmoM ko upazAMta kaSAya guNasthAna kahate haiN|05 (12) kSINamoha :- mohanIya karma ke kSINa hone se jisa nirgrantha kA hRdaya sphaTika ke nirmala pAtra meM rakhegayejala ke samAna nirmala ho jAtA haiM, use kSINamoha kaSAya guNasthAna kahate haiN|06 / (13) sayogakevalI :- kevalajJAna rUpI prakAza se jisake ajJAna kA andhakAra samApta ho gayA hai, jise paramAtmA kI saMjJA prApta ho cukI hai, indriyoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA na rakhane vAle kAyayukta ko sayogakevalI kahate haiM / 400 (14) ayogakevalI :- jisake karmoM kA Asrava (Agamana) sarvathA ruka gayA hai, karmarupI raja kI pUrNatayA nirjarA kara cuke yogarahita (mana vacana aura kAya-ina tIna yogoM se rahita) jIva ko ayogIkevalI guNasthAna hotA hai|08. 403. vahI 56.57 404. vahI 58.60 405. vahI gA. 61 406. vahI gA. 62 evaM ta. vA. 9.1.22.590 407. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 64 408. vahI 65 137 For Personal & Private Use Only

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zarIrakSetra meM rahate hue bhI isameM AtmapradezoM kA zarIra se sambandha nahIM raha jaataa| isakA kAla pA~ca hrasva varNa a, i, u, R aura lR ke uccAraNa meM lagane vAle samaya ke barAbara hai / zAstrIya bhASA meM isakA utkRSTa kAla antarmuhUrtta bhI kahA jAtA hai / isa guNasthAna meM upAntya aura anta samaya meM zeSa bacI huI 12 aura 13 prakRtiyoM Short ho jAtA hai / ina prakRtiyoM kA kSaya ho jAne ke bAda jIva 'siddha bhagavAn' saMjJA pAtA hai aura eka samaya meM lokAnta pahu~ca jAtA hai / jIva kI paripUrNatA aura utkRSTatA isI guNasthAna meM prApta hotI hai / ina guNasthAnoM ke vivecana se spaSTa hai ki AtmA uttarottara vikAsa karatI huI. aMta meM saMpUrNa karma kSaya karake apane zuddharUpa ko upalabdha karatI hai / moha aura yoga ke kAraNa jIva ke antaraMga pariNAmoM meM pratikSaNa hone vAle utAra-car3hAva ko guNasthAna kahate haiM / ise ogha aura saMkSepa bhI kahate haiM / 409 puNya-pApa aura jIva : mukhya tattva to isa saMsAra meM do hI haiM- jIva aura ajIva / 410 jIva kA prayojana saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chUTa kara mukti prApta karanA hai| isa prayojana kI pUrti saMsAra ke kAraNa aura unakA nivAraNa samajhe binA nahIM hotii| isalie jainadarzana ne jIva aura ajIva- ina do padArthoM kA vistAra mokSamArga ke prayojanabhUta sAta tattvoM meM kiyA hai - jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, aura mokSa / parantu aisA bhI nahIM hai ki mAtra inako samajhate hI mukti prApta ho sake; aise bahuta kama jIva haiM jo nigoda (aikendriya paryAya) se sIdhe hI manuSyatva ko prApta kara usI janma meM mokSa prApta kara skeN| mokSa kI prakriyA meM AcaraNa ( cAritra) kA mahattva hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra samyakcAritra kI utkRSTa avasthA aneka sopAnoM meM prApta hotI hai / isa prakriyA meM, jaba taka pUrNatA na ho, sAMsArika sukha aura duHkha ke kAraNabhUta karmoM kA Asrava aura bandha hotA hI rahatA hai / yadyapi puNya aura pApa, donoM prakAra ke karma saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM, aura inakA nAza hI jIva kA lakSya honA cAhie, parantu phira bhI jaba taka uccheda na ho taba taka puNya karmoM kA Asrava aura bandha hI upAdeya hai / 409. saMkheo odyo tti ya guNasaNNA.. sakammabhavA- - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa ) 3 410. uttarAdhyayana 36 138 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaba taka puNya aura pApa ko na samajhA jAye taba taka kyA chor3A jAye aura kyA grahaNa kiyA jAye- isa samasyA kA samAdhAna karane ke lie Asrava aura bandha ke prakAra puNya aura pApa ko svatantra viSaya banAkara bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra inakA vistAra karane para jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa-ye nau tatva hote haiN| 11 jIva kA vivecana hama Age ke pRSThoM meM kara Aye haiN| ajIva do prakAra kA hai- mUrta aura amUrta / jisameM varNa, bandha, gandha, rasa, sparza ho use rUpI yA mUrta kahate haiM aura jisameM ye cAroMna hoM ve amUrta haiM / 12 isakA vistRta vivecana agale adhyAya meM kreNge| puNya-pApaH____ ThANAMga meM nau prakAra se puNya batAyA gayA hai| anna dene se, pAnI dene se, vastradAna se, layanadAna se, zayanasAdhana dene se, mana, vacana, kAya kI zubha pravRti se evaM namaskAra se puNya hotA hai / 13 - SaDdarzana samuccaya meM haribhadrasUri ne puNya kI paribhASA dI- "satkarmoM dvArA lAye gaye karma pugaloM ko puNya kahate haiN|" 414 ThANAMga meM pApa ke sthAna bhI nau batAye haiM- prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha / 415 mahAvIra svAmI ke gaNadhara acalabhrAtA kA to saMdeha hI puNya, pApa ke astittva aura usake svarUpa se saMbandhita thaa| unake mana meM puNya pApa se saMbaMdhita pA~ca prazna the| 1. mAtra puNya hI hai| pApa ke astittva kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| puNya bar3hatA hai, sukha bar3hatA hai, puNya ghaTatA hai, sukha ghaTatA hai / phira pApa ke svatantra astittva kI kyA AvazyakatA hai|416 411. navatattva 1 412. uttarAdhyayana 36.4 413. ThANAMga 9.25 414. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 49 415. ThANAMga 9.26 416. gaNadhAravAda 1908.9 - 139 For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki pApa kA hI astittva mAnA jAye; pApa ghaTA sukha milA, pApa bar3hA, duHkha bddhaa| 17 3. yA pApa aura puNya, ina donoM kA saMyukta astittva hai / 18 4. cauthA mata yaha hai ki puNya aura pApa, donoM svatantra haiN| 5. pA~cavA mata yaha hai ki puNya-pApa kucha bhI nahIM haiN| - ina sabhI praznoM ko mahAvIra svAmI ne anubhava evaM tarka se samAhita kiyAdehAdikA jo kAraNa hai vaha karma hai| 19 karma do prakAra ke haiM, puNya aura pApa / zubha kAryAdi se puNya kA aura azubha kAryAdi se pApa kA astittva siddha hotA hai / 20 puNya aura pApa svatantra haiM / sukha ke anubhava kA kAraNa puNya evaM duHkha ke anubhv|421 sukha ke atyanta utkarSa kA kAraNa puNya ko aura duHkha ke atyanta utkarSa kA kAraNa pApa ko mAnanA hogaa| pApa ko puNya se sarvathA pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH puNya aura pApa donoM mAnane cAhiye / 22 jisa prakAra duHkha ke lie pApa kI kalpanA anivArya hai, usI prakAra sukha ke lie puNya kI kalpanA bhI anivArya hai| cAhe jahara kama ho yA jyAdA, vaha hAni pahu~cA hI sakatA hai, usase amRta kI kalpanA saMbhava nhiiN| pApa to duHkha kA hI kAraNa banatA hai|423 . jaise eka samaya meM eka hI dhyAna hotA hai usI prakAra eka samaya meM karmodaya eka hI prakAra kA hotA hai, ataH inheM svatantra hI maaneNge|24 puNya aura pApa donoM 417. gaNadharavAda 19104 418. gaNadharavAda 19114 419. gaNadharavAda 1919 420. gaNadharavAda 1920 421. gaNadharavAda 1921 422. gaNadharavAda 1930 423. gaNadharavAda 1933 424. gaNadharavAda 1937 - 140 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pudgala haiM, para na atyanta sthUla haiM na atyanta sUkSma / 25 AcArya kundakunda ne puNya aura pApa donoM ko jIva kA bandhana batAte hue eka ko sone kI ber3I tathA eka ko lohe kI ber3I kahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, parantu unhoMne to yaha bhI kahA ki jIva ko ina donoM kA tyAga karanA caahiye| ina donoM ke yoga se jIva karma kA bandha karatA hai, aura inase virakta AtmA karmamukta banatI hai| - bhagavatI sUtra meM pApa aura puNya ke saMbandha meM jijJAsA ke samAdhAna meM mahAvIra dvArA kiyA gayA vistRta vivecana upalabdha hai- "jisa prakAra se sarvathA suMdara, susajita thAlI meM, aThAraha prakAra kA bhojana ho, parantu vaha viSamizrita ho to bhojana karane meM Ananda to AyegA para usakA pariNAma azubha hogaa| usI prakAra pApoM kA sevana to acchA lagatA hai para usakA pariNAma khataranAka hotA hai|426 . puNyabandha kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai--eka vyakti auSadhimizrita bhojana karatA hai, yadyapi svAda use rucikara nahIM lagegA, parantu usakA pariNAma acchA hogaa|27 puNyakarma meM sukha yAruci nahIM hotI, para usakA pariNAma rucikara avazya hotA hai / 28 tattvArtha sUtra meM puNya ko zubhayoga vAlA aura pApa ko azubhayoga vAlA kahA hai|429 . hiMsA, corI, maithuna Adi azubha kAyayoga hai; kaThora, asatya vacana, Adi azubha vacanayoga hai; mArane kA vicAra, ahitakArI vicAra Adi azubha manoyoga hai| inase viparIta zubha kAyayoga, zubha vacanayoga, zubhamanoyoga haiN|10 jo AtmA ko pavitra kare vaha puNya, aura jo AtmA ko zubha se dUra kare vaha pApa hai| puNya kA udAharaNa sAtAvedanIya evaM pApa kA udAharaNa asAtAvedanIya 425. gaNadhAravAda 1940 425. samayasAra 146 426. sa.sA. 147.50 428. bhagavatI 7.10.15-18 429. ta.sU. 6.3 430. sa.si. 6.3.614 141 For Personal & Private Use Only

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... bhagavatIsUtra meM bandha kA kAraNa kAMkSAmohanIya karma ko mAnA hai| pramAda aura yoga ke nimitta se jIva kAMkSAmohanIya karma bAMdhatA hai| pramAda yoga se utpanna hotA hai, yoga vIrya se, evaM vIrya zarIra se utpanna hotA hai / (jaba jIva nAmakarma se yukta ho tabhI zarIra utpanna karatA hai|) jaba bandha kA kAraNa zarIra hai to utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya aura puruSAkAra parAkrama bhI jIva se hI hotA hai / 432 . Amrava.... Amrava kA artha hai dvAra! karmoM ke Agamana yA praveza dvAra ko AsavaM kahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM 433 umAsvAti ne pA~ca bheda batAye haiM--mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya, pramAda aura yoga / kundakundAcArya ne samayasAra meM 434 Asrava ke cAra bheda batAye haiM; pramAda kA samAveza inhIM meM ho jAtA hai| dravyAsrava evaM bhAvAsrava bheda se Asrava do prakAra kA hai| AtmA ke jisa pariNAma se karma kA Asrava hotA hai use bhAvAsrava kahate haiM, evaM jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM ke yAgya pudgaloM ke Asrava ko dravyAsrava kahate haiN|435 ___ zrImad nemicandra ne Asrava pA~ca mAne haiM aura unake kramazaH pA~ca, pandraha, tIna aura cAra bheda bhI kiye haiM!436 . ThANAMga sUtra meM ina AsravoM kA artha karate hue likhA hai- mithyAtva-viparIta zraddhA, avirati-vratarahita jIvana, pramAda-Atmika anutsAha,kaSAya-AtmA kA rAgadveSAtmaka uttApa, yoga-mana, vacana aura kAya kA vyApAra / 437 . haribhadra sUri ne bhI karmabandha ke kAraNabhUta mithyAtva Adi ko Asrava kahA hai|438 431, vahI . 432. bhagavatI 1.3.8.9 433. ta.sU. 8.1 434. sa.sA. 164 435. bR.dra.saM. 29 436. bR.dra.saM. 30 437. ThANAMga 5.109 438. SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA 50 142 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karmoM ke Agamana ke jaise pA~ca dvAra haiM, vaise hI Ate hue una karmoM ko rokane ke bhI pA~ca dvAra haiM- samyaktva, virati, apramAda, akaSAya, aura ayog|439 tattvArthasUtra meM saMvara kI paribhASA dI gayI hai- "jo Asrava kA nirodha kare/ roke vaha saMvara hai|"440 ..yaha saMvara do prakAra kA hai- dravyasaMvara evaM bhAvasaMvara / saMsAra kI nimittabhUta kriyA kI nivRtti honA bhAvasaMvara hai, evaM isakA nirodha hone para tatpUrvaka hone vAle karma-pugAle ke grahaNa kA viccheda honA dravyasaMvara hai|441 yahI paribhASA nemicandra ne dI hai|42 . haribhadra sUri ne "saMvarastanirodhaH" 443 - Asrava ke nirodha kA nAma hI saMvara ____ guNaratnasUri ne ise sarvasaMvara aura dezasaMvara ke nAma se bhI vibhakta kiyA hai| jisa samaya mana, vacana aura kAya kA sUkSma aura sthUla donoM vyApArI kA sarvathA niSedha ho jAye, use sarvasaMvara kahate haiM / yaha ayogI kevalI guNasthAna meM arthAt siddhAtmA meM hotA hai / mana, vacana, kAya kI saMyatapravRtti rUpa cAritra se dezasaMvara hotA hai / 44 Asrava aura saMvara jaina darzana ke mahatvapUrNa bindu haiM / gyAraha aMgoM meM prathama AcArAMga ke prathama adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka meM bhI Asava-saMvara kI vyAkhyA upalabdha hotI hai| __ AcArAMga meM batAyA gayA hai ki kriyA karanA, karavAnA aura usakA anumodana karanA Asrava (kA kAraNa) hai|45 aura yahI Asrava saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa 439. ThANAMga 5.110 440. ta.sU. 9.1 441. sa.si. 9.1.785 442. bR.dra.saM. 34 443. SaDdarzanasamuccaya 51 444. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 51.229 445. AcArAMga 1.1.6 143 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
hai 446 ataH sabhI karma samAraMbhoM ko jAnakara tyAganA, yahI saMvara hai| ise sAdhane vAlA hI muni hotA hai| karma aura Asrava :- jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha karma haiN| ina ATha karmoM ke AsravoM ko alaga-alaga isa prakAra se samajhA jA sakatA hai| pradoSa, nihnava, mAtsarya, antarAya, AsAdana aura upaghAta-ye jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa ke Asrava haiN| 48 ___ zrI pUjyapAda ne nihnava Adi kA artha kiyA hai- tattvajJAna mokSa kA sAdhana hai, usakA guNagAna karane para usa samaya nahIM bolane vAle ke bhItara jo paizunyarUpa pariNAma hai vaha pradoSa hai| kisI kAraNa se 'aisA nahIM hai, maiM nahIM jAnatA'ityAdi kahakara jJAna kA apalApa karanA nihnava hai| jJAna kA abhyAsa kiyA hai, vaha dene yogya bhI hai, phira bhI jisa kAraNa (IrSyA) se nahIM diyA jAtA vaha mAtsarya hai| jJAna kA viccheda karanA antarAya hai| dUsarA koI jJAna kA prakAza phailA rahA ho usa samaya zarIra yA vacana se usakA niSedha karanA AsAdana hai| prazaMsanIya jJAna meM dUSaNa lagAnA upaghAta hai|49 ____ apane meM, dUsare meM yA donoM meM vidyamAna duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha, aura parivedana- ye asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava (ke kAraNa) haiN| 1500 prANI-anukaMpA, vratI-anukaMpA, dAna, sarAgasaMyama Adi kA yoga, kSAnti (kSamA) aura zauca ye sAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava haiN|059 kevalI, zruta, saMgha, dharma, aura deva, ina pA~ca kA avarNavAda bolanA (guNI puruSoM/tattvoM meM doSoM kI avidyamAnatA hone para bhI una meM una doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA) darzanamohanIya karma kA Asrava hai|52 446. AcArAMga 1.1.8 447. vahI 1.1.7.12 448. ta.sU. 6.10 449. sa. si.6.10.628 450. ta.sa. 6.11 451. ta.sU. 6.12 452. ta. sU. 6.13 144 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAle tIvra AtmapariNAma ko cAritramohanIya karma kA Asrava kahate haiM / 453 dhavalA meM ise aura bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai--mithyAtva, asaMyama aura kaSAya- ye pApa kI kriyAeM haiN| ina pAparUpa kriyAoM kI nivRtti ko cAritra kahate haiN| jo karma isa cAritra ko AcchAdita karatA hai, use cAritramohanIya Asrava kahate ___ atyanta Arabhma aura parigraha kA bhAva narakAyu ke Asrava kA; kapaTa (mAyA) tiryaMcAyukA; alpArambha aura alpaparigraha kA bhAva evaM svabhAva kI mRdutA manuSyAyu ke Asrava kA; sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAmanirjarA aura bAlatapa devAyu ke Asrava kA kAraNa haiM / 55 yogavakratA aura visaMvAda ye azubhanAmakarma ke Asrava kA kAraNa haiM, tathA yoga kI saralatA aura avisaMvAda ye zubhanAmakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiM / 56 zubhanAmakarma atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| darzanavizuddhi, vinayasaMpannatA, zIla, sadAcAra, vratoM kA aticAra rahita pAlana, jJAna meM satat upayoga, satat saMvega, zakti ke anusAra tyAga, tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi, vaiyAvRttya, arihaMtabhakti, AcArya bhakti bahuzrutabhakti, pravacanabhakti, Avazyaka kriyAoM ko na chor3anA, mokSamArga kI prabhAvanA aura pravacanavAtsalya ye 16 kAraNa tIrthaMkara nAmakarma ke Asrava ke haiN| 57 paranindA, AtmaprazaMsA, sadguNoM kA ucchAdana, aura asadguNoM kA udbhAvana ye nIcagotra ke Asava ke kAraNa haiM / 58 akalaMka ne ucchAdana aura udbhAvana kA artha kiyA hai-pratibAndhaka kAraNoM se vastu kA prakaTa nahIM honA ucchAdana hai aura pratibandhaka ke haTa jAne para prakAza meM A jAnA udbhAvana hai|59 453. ta.sU. 6:14 454. dhavalA 22.6.1.9-11 pR. 40 455. ta.sU. 6.15-17.19 456. ta.sU. 6:22.23 457. ta.sU. 6.24 458. ta.sU. 6.25 459. ta.rA.vA. 6.25.530 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
inase viparIta arthAt paraprazaMsA, AtmaniMdA, sadguNoM kA udbhAvana, asadguNoM kA ucchAdana, namravRtti aura anutseka - ye uccagotra karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiM / 46 anutseka arthAt 'ahaMkAra rahita honA' / gotra zabda kI vyutpati hai - gUyate yat tad gotram / arthAt jo zabdavyavahAra meM Ave, vaha gotra hai / 469 jJAna, satkAra, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya, sthAna, anulepana, gandha, mAlya, AcchAdana Adi meM vighna karanA Adi antarAya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiM / 462 saMvara : ina AThoM karmoM ke karma pravezadvAra rUpa Asrava ko rokanA saMvara hai| isa prakAra saMvara kA tAtparya huA - karmadvAra ko banda karanA / jIva jo karmabandha pUrva meM (atIta meM) kara cukA hai usase mukta hone ko nirjarA kahate haiM / haribhadrasUri ne isI paribhASA dI hai - "baMdhe hue karmoM ke jhar3ane ko nirjarA kahate haiM / 1463 1 nirjarA do prakAra se hotI hai- sakAma nirjarA aura akAma nirjarA / karmoM ko jhar3A dene kI icchA se jo sAdhu duSkara tapa tapate haiM; zmazAna meM rAtri ke vakta khar3e hokara dhyAna karate haiM; bhUkha, pyAsa, sadI, garmI Adi vividha pariSahoM ko sahana karate hai; bAdhAe~ sahate haiM; loca karate haiM; aThAraha prakAra ke zIla ko dhAraNa karate haiM; bAhya tathA Abhyantara rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karate haiM, una ugra tapazcaraNa karane vAle zarIrAsakti rahita muniyoM ke karmoM kI nirjarA sakAma nirjarA hai / ve karmoM ko niyaMtrita kara unheM jhAr3ate haiN| yaha nirjarA puruSArtha se hotI hai / 1 jo zAnta pariNAmI vyakti karmoM ke udaya se hone vAle lAkhoM prakAra ke tIvra zArIrika tathA mAnasika duHkhoM ko sAtA se bhoga lete haiM, vaha akAma nirjarA hai 460. ta. rA. vA. 6.25.530 461. ta.rA.vA. 6.25.531 462. ta. rA. vA. 6.27.531 463. SaDdarzana samuccaya kA. 51 146 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
arthAt udaya meM Aye hue karmoM ko zAnti se bhoganA, parantu unake hAtha jhar3Ane kI icchA se cher3achor3a na karanA / 464 / ___ tattvArthasUtra meM tapa ko nirjarA kA kAraNa batAyA batAyA hai| pUjyapAda ne nirjarA do prakAra kI batAyI hai- abuddhipUrvA aura kuzalamUlA / narakAdi gatiyoM meM karmaphala ke vipAka se hone vAlI nirjarA ko abuddhipUrvA nirjarA kahate haiM, tathA pariSaha ke jItane para jo nirjarA hotI hai, vaha kuzalamUlA nirjarA hotI hai|465 tattvArthasUtra meM pariSaha 22 mAne gaye haiN| ina pariSahoM ko sahana karanA karmoM kI nirjarA hai| kSudhA, pyAsa, zIta, garmI, daMzamazaka, nagnatA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNasparza, mala, satkArapuraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana / 66 tapa bAraha prakAra kA hotA hai-anazana, UnodarI, vRttisaMkSepa, rasatyAga, kAyakleza, saMlInatA, yaha chaH prakAra bAhya evaM prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, kAyotsarga-yaha chaha prakAra kA Abhyantara tapa kahalAtA hai|467 ina bAraha prakAra ke tapa se pUrvasaMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai|468 ___ abuddhipUrvA nirjarA meM vedanA to atyadhika hotI hai, parantu nirjarA alpa hotI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prazna para carcA upalabdha hotI hai- "bhagavan! nairayikoM ko jo vedanA hai, kyA vaha nirjarA kahI jA sakatI hai? nahIM gautama! yaha saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki vedanA karma hai aura nirjarA nokarma hai|" 469 baMdha aura mokSa : jIva aura karmapudgala kA paraspara ekameka (ekakSetrAvagAhI) hokara mila jAnA bandha hai aura sarvathA viyoga ho jAnA mokSa hai|470 464. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 52.336 465. sa.si. 9.7.807 466. ta.sU. 9.9 evaM navatattva pra. 27.28 467. navatattva prakaraNa 35.36 468. bArasaviMha tavo NijarAya-navatattvapra. 35 469. bhagavatI 7.3.11 470. SaDdarzana samu. 51 147 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
mile bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra "jIva aura pudgala paraspara eka dUsare se spRSTa haiM,. hue haiM, paraspara cikanAI se jur3e hue haiM aura paraspara gAr3ha ho kara raha rahe haiM / jaise labAlaba bhare tAlAba meM koI vyakti do sau chidroM vAlI jahAja (naukA) DAla de, usameM jaise pAnI bhara jAtA hai, vaise hI jIva aura pudgala paraspara ekameka ho kara rahate haiM / 471 bhagavatIsUtra meM bandha ke do prakAra batAye haiM-- prayogabandha aura visrasAbaMdha / 472 jo jIva ke prayoga se bandhatA hai, vaha prayogabandha aura jo svAbhAvika rUpa se baMdhatA hai, vaha visrasAbandha hai / yaha bhagavatIsUtra ke 8 veM zataka ke nauveM uddezaka bandha kI carcA se saMbandhita hai / jIva aura karma ke banane yogya pudgala skaMdha kA paraspara anupraveza - eka kA dUsare meM ghusa jAnA hI bandha hai / yaha pAnI aura dUdha kI upamA se upamita kiyA gayA hai / 73 yadyapi yaha kevala laukika dRSTAnta hai| ekakSetrAvagAha ko lohe ke tapta gole se samajhA jA sakatA hai - jaise lohe ke gole ko garma karane para lohe ke kSetra meM hI Aga bhI praveza kara jAtI hai| yaha udAharaNa bhI pUrNata: samAna nahIM hai, kyoMki lohe ko garma karane para vaha bhI kiMcit phaila jAtA hai / bandha ke kAraNa pA~ca haiM-mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga / 474 baMdha ke prakAra cAra haiM- prakRti, sthiti, rasa aura pradeza / 475 yoga se prakRti aura pradeza kA bandha kA tathA kaSAya se sthiti aura anubhAga kA bandha hotA hai / 476 prakRtibandha: - ise zrI pUjyapAda ne yoM samajhAyA hai -- jisa prakAra nIma kI prakRti meM kar3avApana hai, gur3a kI prakRti meM mIThApana hai, usI prakAra jJAnAvaraNIya 471. bhagavatI 1.6.26 472. bhagavatI 8.9.1 473. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 51.230 474. ta.sU. 8.1 475. ta.sU. 8.3 476. bR.dra.saM. 33 148 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
karma kI prakRti hai- jJAna nahIM hone denA, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI prakRti hai- artha kA avalokana nahIM hone denA, vedanIyakarma kI prakRti hai- sAtA aura asAtA kA saMvedana karAnA, darzanamohanIya kI prakRti hai- tattva kI zraddhA nahIM hone denA, cAritramohanIya kI prakRti hai- asaMyamabhAva meM rahanA, Ayukarma kI prakRti haibhavadhAraNa karanA, nAmakarma kI prakRti hai- nAraka Adi nAmakaraNa, gotrakarma kI prakRti hai- ucca aura nIca sthAna kI prApti aura aMtarAyakarma kI prakRti hai- dAna Adi meM vighna karanA / 477 sthitibandhaH- karma kI sthiti do prakAra kI hai- jaghanya aura utkRSTa / 78 jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya- ina cAroM kI utkRSTa sthiti tIna koTAkoTi sAgaropama hai / mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthiti 70 koTAkoTi sAgaropama hai| yaha utkRSTa sthiti mAtra mithyAdRSTi, saMjJI paMcendriya aura paryAptaka ko hI prApta hotI hai| nAma aura gotra kI bIsa, Ayu karma kI taiMtIsa sAgaropama utkRSTa sthiti hai|81 . .. ina sabhI karmabandhoM kI jaghanya sthiti isa prakAra hai- vedanIya kI bAraha muhUrta, nAma aura gotra kI ATha muhUrta aura avaziSTa karmoM kI eka antarmuhUrta hai|482 : bakarI, gAya, bhaiMsa, Adi ke dUdha meM jisa prakAra do prahara taka madhura rasa rahane kI kAlamaryAdA hai, usI prakAra karmoM kI sthiti bhI samajhanA cAhiye / jIva ke pradezoM meM jitane kAla taka karma saMbandha rUpa se sthiti hai, use sthitibandha kahate jaise dUdha meM tAratamya se rasa saMbandhI zakti vizeSa hotI hai, usI prakAra jIva ke pradezoM para lage karma ke skandhoM meM bhI sukha athavA duHkha dene kI zakti vizeSa .477. sa.si. 8.3.736 evaM bRhad dra. saM. 33, pR. 106 478. sa.si. 8.13.760 479. ta.sU. 8.14.15 480. sa.si. 8.14.760 481. ta.sU. 8.16.17 482. ta.sU. 8.18.20 * 483. bR.dra.saM.TI. 33 pR. 107 149 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #176
ko anubhAgabandha kahate haiM / 484 AtmA ke eka-eka pradeza para siddhajIvarAzi ke anantaveM bhAga pramANa aura abhavya jIvoM kI saMkhyA se anantaguNe anantAnanta paramANu pratikSaNa baMdhate haiM, use pradezabandha kahate haiN|485 kundakundAcArya ne bandha kA kAraNa jIva ke mithyAdRSTiyukta (rAgAdirUpa . hone se) adhyavasAya ko kahA hai| "maiM jIvoM ko sukhI duHkhI karatA hU~- yaha dRSTi kI mUr3hatA hI zubhAzubha karma ko bAMdhatI hai|86 vastutaH bAhya vastu bandha kA kAraNa nahIM, apitu adhyavasAya hI bandha kA kAraNa hai|487 . baMdha aura Asrava meM bheda :___ prathama kSaNa meM karma skandhoM kA Agamana Asrava hai, aura Agamana ke pazcAt dvitIya kSaNa meM jIva ke pradezoM meM una karmoM kA ekakSetrAvagAhI rUpa se rahanA bandha hai|488 mokSa kA svarUpa :___'mokSa' zabda kA zAbdika artha hai- mukta honA / jainadarzana meM yaha pAribhASika zabda ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| yadyapi anya darzanoM meM bhI mokSa avasthA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu jainadarzana meM svIkRta mokSa ke svarUpa meM bahuta bhinnatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, mokSa avasthA ko prApta jIva ke svarUpa meM bhI bhinnatA hai, yo yathAsthala vivecita kI gayI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM batAyA gayA hai ki jIva kA sabhI karmoM se sambandha kA Atyantika abhAva ho jAnA (mukta ho jAnA) mokSa hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra- "jaba AtmA karma maila rUpI zarIra ko apane se sarvathA alaga kara detI hai, taba usake jo acintya svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNarUpa 484. bR.dra.saM.TI. 33 107 evaM ta.sU. 8.21 485. ta.sU. 8.24 evaM bR.dra.saM.TI. 107 486. sa.sA 259 487. sa.sA. 265 488. bR.dra.saM.TI. 108 150 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #177
aura avyAbAdha sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa avasthA utpanna hotI hai, use mokSa kahate haiM / 489 kundakundAcArya ke anusAra "AThoM karmoM ko kSaya karane vAle, anantajJAna, darzana, vIrya sUkSmatva, kSAyika samyaktva, avagAhanatva, aguralaghutva aura avyAbAdhata va ina ATha guNoM se yukta parama loka ke agrabhAga meM siddha muktAtmA sthira haiM / 490 vyavahAra naya se jJAnapuMja aise ve siddha bhagavAn caitanyaghana se Thosa cUr3AmaNi ratna kI taraha haiM, nizcaya naya se sahajaparamacaitanya ciMtAmaNi svarUpa nityazuddha nija rUpa meM rahate haiM / 491 mokSa meM jIva kA zuddha svarUpa hI rahatA hai| dIpaka bujhane para jaise prakAza ke paramANu andhakAra meM badala jAte haiM, usI prakAra samasta karmakSaya hone para AtmA zuddha caitanya avasthA meM badala jAtI hai / 492 bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ko dRSTi meM rakha kara paMcAstikAya meM, AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa meM AtmA kA sadbhAva siddha kiyA hai- "yadi jIva kA mokSa meM adasbhAva ho to zAzvata - uccheda, bhavya - abhavya, zUnya - azUnya aura vijJAna - avijJAna bhAvoM kA abhAva ho jAyegA, jo anucita haiM / 1493 . uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra, siddhAtmA ke zarIra kI avagAhanA antima bhava peM jo zarIra kI U~cAI thI, usase tRtIya bhAga hIna hotI hai / 494 siddhoM ke antima zarIra se kucha kama hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki carama zarIra ke nAka, kAna, nAkhUna Adi khokhale haiM / zarIra ke kucha khokhale bhAgoM meM Atmapradeza nahIM hote / muktAtmA chidrarahita hone ke kAraNa pahale zarIra se kucha kama, momarahita sAMse ke bIca AkAra kI taraha athavA chAyA ke pratibimba ke AkAra vAlI hotI hai| 495 489. sa. si. 9.4.18 490. ni.sA. 72 491. sa.sA.tA. bR. 101 492. tarA. vA. 10.4 pR. 644 493. paM. kA. gA. 46 494. uttarAdhyayana 36.64 495. bR.dra. saM. TIkA 51 pR. 106 151 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #178
siddha banane ke pazcAt unameM punaH saMsAra yA karmabandha kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI, kyoMki bandhana rUpa kArya kA sarvathA uccheda ho jAtA hai| kAraNa samApta hone ke bAda bhI yadi kArya ho to jIva kA mokSa nahIM ho sakatA / 496 bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI isI prakAra kI carcA hai jisane saMsAra kA nirodha kiyA hai, vaha punaH manuSyabhava ko dhAraNa nahIM krtaa|497 siddhoM ke avagAhana zakti hotI hai / alpa avagAha meM bhI aneka siddhoM kA avagAha ho jAtA hai| jaba mUrttimAn dIpakoM kA bhI alpAkAza meM avirodhI avagAha ho sakatA hai, taba siddhoM ke amUrta hone kAraNa virodha kA prazna hI nahIM hai| sAMsArika sukha sAdi-sAnta tathA utAra-car3hAva vAlA hai, parantu siddhAtmA kA sukha parama ananta hai| sAMsArika sukha aura mokSa sukha meM sUkSma samAnatA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki sAMsArika sukha viSayabhogajanya hotA hai jabaki mokSasukha AtmAnubhavajanya hotA hai| mukta jIva kA lokAntagamana:- saMpUrNa karmoM kA uccheda ho jAne para, Urdhvagamana svabhAva ke kAraNa mukta jIva Urdhvagamana karatA hai / 99 vAcaka umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM Urdhvagamana ke cAra kAraNa batAye haiM-pUrva ke saMskAra se ,karma ke saMgarahita ho jone se, bandhana ke uccheda se, aura Urdhvagamana kA svabhAva hone ke kAraNa mukta jIva Urdhvagamana hI karate haiM / 500 "hA 1. pUrva ke saMskAra:- jisa prakAra kumhAra apanA hAtha haTA le to bhI pUrva prayoga ke kAraNa saMskArakSaya taka cakra ghUmatA rahatA hai, vaise hI saMsArI AtmA ne apavarga (mokSa) prApti ke liye prayatna kiyA hai, parantu karmasahita hone ke kAraNa binA niyama gamana karatA hai aura karmamukti hone ke kAraNa niyamapUrvaka gamana karatA hai|501 496. tattvArtha rA.vA. 10.4.4.642 497. bhagavatI 498. ta.rA.vA.10.4.9.11 pR. 643 499. ta.sU. 10.5 500. ta.sU. 10.6 501. ta.sU.vA. 10.7.2.645 152 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #179
2. karma se asaMga:- miTTI ke lepa se vajanadAra tumbI pAnI meM DUba jAtI hai; parantu jyoMhi miTTI kA lepa haTatA hai, tumbI Upara A jAtI hai, usI taraha karma se bhArI AtmA bhaTakatA rahatA hai, para akarmamukta hote hI Urdhvagamana kara jAtA 3. baMdhacchehaH- jisa prakAra bIjakoza se bandhana TUTane se eraNDabIja Upara kI ora jAtA hai, vaise hI gati nAmakarma Adi karmoM ke bandhana ke haTate hI muktAtmA kI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati hotI hai / 503 ... 4. agnizikhAvat:- jaise tirachI bahane vAlI vAyu ke abhAva dIpadikhA svabhAva se Upara kI ora jAtI hai, vaise hI muktAtmA bhI nAnA vikAroM ke kAraNa karma ke haTate hI UrdhvagatisvabhAva se Upara ko hI jAtI hai / 504 . - isa prakAra cAroM kAraNoM ko tattvArthasUtra meM vAcaka umAsvAti ne cAroM udAharaNoM ko sUtra dvArA spaSTa bhI kiyA hai|505 ... .. mukta jIvoM kA lokAgra taka hI gamana hone meM kAraNa:- lokAgra taka hI... siddhAtmA jAtA hai; usase Age nahIM jA pAtA; kyoMki gamana kA kAraNa dharma dravya hai jisakA aloka meM abhAva haiM / 506. .: mukta jIvoM ke kSAyikabhAvaH- mokSAvasthA meM bhI kevala samyaktva,.. kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura siddhatva ina cAra bhAvoM kA kSaya nahIM hotaa|507 unheM punaH saMsAra meM Akara janma-maraNa karane kI bAdhA bhI hIM hai| mUrta avasthA meM hI prIti, paritApa Adi bAdhAo kI saMbhAvanA thii|508..... 502. ta.rA.vA. 10.7.3.645 503.ta.rA.vA. 10.7.5.645 504. ta.rA.vA. 10.7.6.645 505. ta.sU. 19.7 506. ta.sU. 10.7 507. ta.sU. 10.4 508. yasminneva deze karmaviprapokSastasminne prApSanIjJeti punargatikArAbhAvaditi, tannaH kiM kAraNam sAdhyatvAt- ta.vA. 10.4.19.644 153 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #180
mukti kI prApti ke bhedaH- kSetra, kAla, gati, liGga, tIrtha, cAritra, pratyekabuddha, bodhitabuddha, jJAna, avagAhanA, aMtara saMkhyA aura alpabahutva ina bAraha anuyogoM se siddhoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai / 509 mukti kA sAdhanaH- tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne mukti kA mArga samyagdarzana, jJAna va cAritra ko mAnA hai / 590 - samayasAra meM kundakundAcArya ke anusAra jo AtmA ko aura bandha ko jAnakara bandha se virakta hotA hai, vahI mokSa kI prApti karatA hai / 11 / - AtmA aura bandha prajJArUpI chenI dvArA bhinna kiye jAte haiM / 512 prajJA ke dvArA bhinna kiyA huA (bandha aura caitanya) zuddha Atma-svarUpa hI merA hai, anya saba paradravya haiM, aisA mAnanA cAhiye / 592 kundakundAcArya ne samayasAra meM Age yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki mAtra jAnanA hI paryApta nahIM hai / bandha, sthiti, svabhAva Adi ko jAnane mAtra se mukti nahIM milatI, parantu una bandhanoM ko kATane kI anukUla prakriyA apanAne para hI, arthAt rAgAdi bhAva se jIva jaba zuddha hone para hI use mukti prApta hotI hai|594 saMsAra meM jIvoM kI saMkhyA evaM jainasiddhAnta:.. ananta jIva Aja taka mukti prApta kara cuke haiM, parantu saMsAra meM AtmAe~ phira bhI banI rahatI haiM, usameM koI kamI nahIM AyI kyoMki jIva anAdi ananta haiN| gaNita kA bhI yaha niyama hai ki ananta meM se ananta nikAleM, phira bhI bAkI ananta hI rheNge| jitane jIva mokSajAte haiM, utane hI jIva nigoda se nikalate haiM / ataH saMsAra meM jIva jitane haiM, utane hI rahate haiM / nigoda kA svarUpa isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai 509. ta.sU. 10.9 510. ta.sU. 1.1 511. sa.sA. 294 512. sa.sA. 294.5 513. sa.sA. 296 514. sa.sA. 288.9 154 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #181
gola asaMkhyAta haiM, eka gola meM asaMkhyAta nigoda rahate haiN| jitane jIva vyavahAra rAzi se nikala kara mAkSa jAta haiM, utane hI jIva avyavahAra rAzi se nikala kara vyavahAra rAzi meM A jAte haiM / 515 jIva ke aneka nAmoM ke kAraNa :____jIva zvAsa aura niHzvAsa meM prANavAyu letA aura chor3atA hai isIlie vaha prANI kahalAtA hai| vaha bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, ataH use bhUta kahanA cAhiye / vaha jIvana jItA hai, jIvatva evaM AyuSyakarma kA anubhava karatA hai, ataH use sattva kahanA cAhiye / vaha rasoM kA jJAtA hai, ataH use vijJa kahanA cAhiye / vaha sukha-duHkha kA vedana karatA hai, ataH use veda kahanA caahiye|516 515. syAdvAdamaMjarI 29 pR. 259 para uddhRta 516. bhagavatI 2.1.8 (2) 155 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #182
adhyAya : caturtha ajIva kA svarUpa ... jIva se viparIta svabhAva vAle padArtha ajIva haiN| ajIva samUha meM pA~ca astikAya Ate haiM--dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzastikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudgalAstikAya / astikAya kA artha hai bhuprdeshii| jinake Tukar3e na ho sakeM ese avibhAgI pradezoM ke samUha ko astikAya kahate haiN| isa adhyAya meM sabhI ajIvAstikAya dravyoM kA krama se vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAyaH dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya- donoM dravya mAtra jainasiddhAnta dvArA hI pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ prayukta 'dharma' aura 'adharma' dAnoM hI pAribhASika zabda haiM jo do pRthak-pRthak dravyoM ke artha meM prayukta kiye gaye haiM; sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA ho yA dharma sAhitya ho, 'dharma' zabda loka meM bahupracalita svabhAva, sukha-duHkhanimittaka AcaraNa, mokSaprApti ke upAya, puNya-pApa, zubhaazubha, prazasta-aprazasta, ucita-anucita vyavahAra Adi arthoM meM pracalita hai| kintu yahA~ 'dharma' aura 'adharma' zabda ina vAcyArthoM se bhinna arthoM meM prayukta haiN| jainadarzana ne jIvadravya kI taraha dharmAstikAya ko bhI dravya mAnA hai tathA use bhI guNa aura paryAya se yukta kahA hai| dharma dravya vaha hai jo gati meM sahAyaka kAraNa haiM adharma dravya vaha hai jo sthiti (avasthAna-ThaharanA) meM sahAyaka kAraNa haiN| yahA~ sarvaprathama kAraNa ke svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai, isake binA dharma aura adharma kI kAraNatA nahIM samajhI jA sktii| kAraNoM ke prakAra :- SaDdarzana samuccaya ke TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ne kAraNa tIna prakAra ke batAye haiM-pariNAmikAraNa, nimittakAraNa aura nivartakakAraNa / 1. bhagavatI 2.10.1 evaM ThANAMga 5.170 2. SaDdarzana ke batAye haiM- pariNAmikAraNa, nimittakAraNa aura nivrtkaarnn| 156 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #183
pariNAmikAraNa:- jo svayaM kAryarUpa se pariNamana kare, kArya ke AkAra meM badala jAye vaha pariNAmI kAraNa hai, jaise-ghar3e meM miTTI (ise upAdAna kAraNa bhI kahate haiN|)| nimittakAraNa:- nimitta kAraNa ve haiM jo svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNata to na hoM, para kartA ko kArya meM sahAyaka hoM, jaise-ghar3e kI utpatti meM daNDa, cakra aadi| nirvartaka kAraNa:- kArya kA kartA nirvartaka kAraNa hotA hai, jaise ki ghar3e kI utpatti meM kumhAra / tattvArthasUtrabhASya meM uddhRta isa padya se bhI isakI puSTi hotI nirvatakaM nimittaM pariNAmI ca tridheSyate hetuH| ___ kuMbhakAro dharvA mucceti samasaMkhyam / / nimittakAraNa ke prakAra :- nimittakAraNa do prakAra ke haiM-- eka to zuddha nimittakAraNa tathA dUsarA apekSA nimittakAraNa / svAbhAvika tathA kartA ke prayoga se jahA~ kriyA hotI hai, vaha zuddha nimittakAraNa hai, evaM jahA~ svAbhAvika pariNamana mAtra hotA ho, vaha apekSA nimittakAraNa kahalAtA hai| dharmAstikAya kA svarUpaH dharmAstikAya dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA lokapramANa hai, kAla kI apekSA vaha atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM hai aura bhaviSya meM rahegA, ataH dhruva nizcita, zAzvata, akSaya, avasthita aura nitya hai / guNa kI apekSA gatinimitta guNa hai; jIva aura pudgala dravya kI gati meM udAsIna sahAyaka hai| uttarAdhyayana meM bhI dharmAstikAya ke gamananimitta guNa kI puSTi kI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne bhI dharmAstikAya ko gamana meM upakArI batAyA hai|5 12. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA 49.167 13. uddhRteyaM ta.bhA.TI. pR. 517 14. SaD.darzana samuccaya TIkA 49.168 3. ThANAMga 4. gai lakkhaNo dhmmo|-uttraadhyyn 28.9 5. ta.sU. 5.17 157 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #184
pUjyapAda ne gati kI vyAkhyA kI hai- eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna meM jAne ko gati kahate haiM / TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ke anusAra dharmadravya AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle lokAkAza bhAga ke sabhI pradezoM meM pUrI taraha se vyApta hai / isake bhI lokAkAza kI taraha asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM / yaha svayaM gamana karane vAle jIva aura pudgala kI gati meM apekSita kAraNa hai; apekSita kAraNa se tAtparya hai ki yaha preraNA karake inako calAtA nahIM hai, yadi calate haiM to calane meM sahakArI kAraNa avazya banatA hai / 7 paMcAstikAya ke anusAra dharmAstikAya asparza, arasa, agandha, avarNa, azabda, lokavyApaka, akhaNDa, vizAla aura asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| ' sparzAdi se rahita hone ke kAraNa hI dharmAstikAya amUrta svabhAvavAlA hai aura isIlie azabda bhI hai| saMpUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta rahane ke kAraNa lokavyApaka hai / ayuta siddha pradezI hone ke kAraNa akhaMDa hai| svabhAva se hI sarvataH vistRta hone se vizAla hai| nizcayanaya se eka pradezI hone para bhI vyavahAra naya se asaMkhyAta pradezI hai / " dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya hai / yaha lakSaNa dharmAstikAya meM bhI prApta hotA hai / dharmAstikAya agurulaghu rUpa se sadaiva pariNamita hotA hai, phira bhI nitya hai, gatikriyA meM kAraNabhUta hone para bhI svayaM akArya hai / " jaise machaliyoM ko pAnI calane meM sahayoga detA hai vaise hI dharmAstikAya bhI jIva aura pudgala ko udAsIna sahayoga karatA hai / " anya dravyoM kI taraha dharma meM bhI sAmAnya aura vizeSa, donoM guNa upalabdha hote haiN| amUrtta, niSkriya, dravyatva, jJeyatva Adi sAmAnya guNa haiM, evaM isakA vizeSa guNa 'gati' pradAna karanA hai / 15 6. sa. si. 5.17.559 7. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 49.166 8. paMcAstikAya 83 9. paM.kA.TI. 83 10. vahI 84 19. vahI 85 15. gamaNaNimittaM dhammaM / niyamasAra 30 158 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #185
dharmAstikAya ko tattvArthasUtra meM niSkriya dravya6 kahA hai, kyoMki kriyA kI paribhASA hai-antaraMga aura bahiraMga nimitta se utpanna hone vAlI jo paryAya dravya ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra meM prApta karAne kA kAraNa hai, vaha kriyA kahalAtI hai| yahA~ prazna hotA hai, jaba dharmAstikAya niSkriya hai to isameM utpAda Adi saMbhava nahIM haiM, aura utpAda Adi lakSaNoM ke abhAva meM ise dravya nahIM kahA jA sakatA? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra se diyA hai-yadyapi dharma dravya niSkriya hai, tathApi isameM utpAdAdi dravya ke lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiN| inameM kriyAnimittaka utpAda nahIM hai, tathApi anya prakAra se utpAda hai, kyoMki utpAda do prakAra kA hai- svanimittaka utpAda aura parapratyaya utpAda / Agama meM pratyeka dravya meM ananta agurulaghu guNa svIkAra kiye gaye haiM, jinakA SaTsthAnapatita hAni aura vRddhi ke dvArA vartana hotA rahatA hai, ataH inakA utpAda aura vyaya svabhAva se hotA hai| isI prakAra parapratyaya utpAda bhI hotA rahatA hai| jaise ye dharmAdi dravya gati Adi ke kAraNa hote haiM, inake gati, sthiti Adi meM kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai, ataH inakA kAraNa bhinna-bhinna honA cAhiye / isa prakAra dharmAdi dravya meM parapratyaya kI apekSA utpAda-vyaya hai, aura jo utpAda-vyayayukta hai vaha dravya - dharma,adharma, AkAza aura kAla-inameM niSkriya hone ke kAraNa svabhAvaparyAya hI pAyI jAtI hai; vibhAvaparyAya nhiiN| svabhAvaparyAya meM pariNamana paradravyoM kI apekSA se rahita hotA hai aura jo pariNamana skandha rUpa se hotA hai vaha vibhAva pariNamana kahalAtA hai| vibhAva pariNamana jIva aura pudgala meM pAyA jAtA hai| 16. niSkriyANica / ta.sU.-5.7 17. sa.si. 5.7.539 18. sa.si. 5.7.539 .19. niyamasAra 28 159 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #186
dharmAstikAya kI upayogitA :. jIva aura pudgala-donoM hI isa lokAkAza meM idhara se udhara bhramaNa karate haiN| sthUla gatikriyA to indriyagrAhya hai, parantu sUkSma gatikriyA dRSTigocara nahIM hotii| sUkSma aura sthUla, ina donoM prakAra kI gatikriyA meM dharma dravya sahAyaka banatA hai| dharmAstikAya ko mAnane ke do kAraNa haiM: 1. gati kA sahayogI kAraNa evaM 2. loka-aloka kI vibhAjaka zakti yadi dharmAstikAya dravya kA abhAva hotA to jIva aura pudgala kI gati kA abhAva ho jAtA yA sadA hI gati hotI rhtii| jIvAdi sabhI padArthoM ke astitva se yukta samUha ko loka kahate haiM / jahA~ jIvAdi kA saMpUrNa abhAva ho vaha aloka hai| yadi jIva-pudgala ko bahiraMga nimitta dharmAdina mile to aloka meM unake gamana ko rokA nahIM jA sktaa| dharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hI gati vyavasthA niyaMtrita hotI hai aura loka-aloka ke madhya vibhAjaka rekhA bhI banatI hai| ___dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya kA astitva pRthak hai, ataH bhinna haiM, para donoM eka hI kSetrAvagAhI hone ke kAraNa avibhakta bhI haiN| sAtha hI saMpUrNa loka meM gati Adi meM anugraha karate haiM, ataH lokapramANa bhI haiN| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra loka ke tInoM bhAgoM kA dharmAstikAya sparza karatA hai| adholoka dharmAstikAya ke Adhe se adhika bhAga ko tiryagloka asaMkhyeya bhAga ko Urdhvaloka kucha kama dharmAstikAya ke Adhe bhAga kA sparza karatA hai| bhagavaMtIsUtra meM gautamasvAmI pUchate haiM ki dharmAstikAya dvArA jIvoM kI kyA gatividhi hotI hai? bhagavAn kahate haiM- dharmAstikAya dvArA hI jIvoM ke Agamana, gamana, unmeSa, (netra kholanA) manoyoga, vacanayoga, aura kAyayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| isake atirikta bhI jitane calabhAva haiM ve saba dharmAstikAya dvArA pravRtta hote haiN| dharmAstikAya kA lakSaNa gatirUpa hai|22 gati meM udAsIna sahAyatA dharma dravya kA lakSaNa hai, parantu yaha svayaM prerita nahIM 20. paM. kA. gAthA 87 21. bhagavatI 13.4.24 22. vahI 160 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karatA / jaise bijalI ke tAra bijalI ko, rela kI paTarI rela ko calane ke lie prerita nahIM karatI apitu udAsIna bhAva se sahAyaka mAtra hotI hai, usI prakAra dharmAstikAya bhI udAsIna sahAyaka mAtra banatA hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke anusAra aneka dravya kI eka sAtha pravRtti yA gati honA hI dharmadravya kI yathArthatA aura dravyatA ko pramANita karatA hai| unake anusAra sabhI jIvoM aura pudgala dravyoM kI pRthak-pRthak gatiyoM ke lie eka sAmAnya aura Antarika paristhiti para nirbhara honA anivArya hai| jaise eka tAlAba ke pAnI para asaMkhya machaliyoM kI gati nirbhara hai|23 / ___ jisa prakAra svayaM calane meM samartha laMgar3e ko lAThI sahArA detI hai yA darzanasamartha netra ko dIpaka kA sahArA hotA hai usI prakAra svayaM gatimAna jIvoM ko va pudgaloM ko dharma dravya gati meM sahAyatA pradAna karatA hai| laMgar3e vyakti ko lAThI na to gati meM preraNA detI hai, na kartA banatI hai aura na darzana zakti ke abhAva meM dIpaka darzana kI zakti utpanna kara sakatA hai, lAThI aura dIpaka to mAtra sahayogI banate haiN|24 - jisa gatisahAyaka padArtha ko jaina darzana ne dharmAstikAya kahA hai, Adhunika vaijJAnika anusandhAna ke AdhAra para usI ke samAna guNa vAle dravya ko 'Ether' (Ithara) kahate haiN| IsA kI 18 vIM/19vIM zatAbdI meM bhautika vijJAnavettAoM ke sAmane eka bAta spaSTa ho gayI ki yadi prakAza kI taraMgoM kA astitva hai to usakA koI AdhAra avazya honA cAhie, ThIka vaise hI, jaise pAnI sAgara kI taraMgoM ko paidA karatA hai aura havA una kaMpanoM ko janma detI hai jinheM hama dhvani kahate haiM / jaba yaha lagA ki 'prakAza' zUnya se bhI hokara vicaraNa karatA hai, taba vaijJAnikoM ne 'Ithara' tattva kI kalpanA kI, jo unake anusAra samasta AkAza aura brahmANDa meM vyApta . bAda meM phaireDa ne eka anya prakAra ke 'Ithara' kI kalpanA kI jo vidyut evaM cuMbakIya zaktiyoM kA vAhaka mAnA gyaa| antataH yaha 'Ithara' kI nizcita aura 23. prameyakamala mArtaNDa pari. 4.10 pR. 623 24. ta.vA. 5.17.24.463 161 For Personal & Private Use Only

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spaSTa mAnyatA meksvena vaijJAnika ke bAda siddhAnta rUpa meM svIkAra kara lI gayI / unhoMne prakAza ko 'vidyuta cuMbakIya vikSobha' (Electromagnatic disturbance) ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dii| aba Ithara kA svarUpa aura astittva nizcita sA ho gayA / amerikana bhautika vijJAnavettA e. e. mAikelasana aura I. DablyU morale ne klIvaleNDa meM san 1881 meM Ithara ke saMbandha meM eka bhavyaparIkSaNa kiyA / usa parIkSaNa ke pIche unakA tarka thA ki yadi saMpUrNa AkAza kevala Ithara kA gatihIna sAgara hai to Ithara ke bIca pRthvI kA ThIka usI taraha patA laganA cAhiye aura paimAiza honA cAhiyejaise nAvika sAgara meM jahAja ke vega nApate haiN| nAvika jahAja kI gati kA mApa sAgara meM laTThA pheMkakara aura usase baMdhI rassI kI gAMThoM ke khulane para najara rakhakara lagAte haiN| ata: morale aura mAikelasana ne laTThA pheMkane kI kriyA kI / yaha laTThA prakAza kI kiraNa ke rUpa meM thA / yadi prakAza sacamuca Ithara meM phailatA hai to usakI gati para pRthvI kI gati ke kAraNa utpanna Ithara kI dhArA kA prabhAva par3anA caahiye| vizeSa taura para pRthvI kI gati kI dizA meM pheMkI gayI prakAza - kiraNa meM Ithara kI dhArA se usI taraha halkI brAdhA pahu~canI cAhiye, jaisI bAdhA kA sAmanA eka tairAka ko dhArA ke viparIta tairate samaya karanA par3atA hai / isameM aMtara bahuta thor3A hogA; kyoMki prakAza kA vega eka sekeNDa meM 1,86,284 mIla hai jabaki sUrya ke cAroM ora apanI dhurI para pRthvI kA vega kevala bIsa mIla pratisekaNDa hotA hai / ataeva Ithara dhAsa ko viparIta dizA meM pheMke jAne para prakAzakiraNa kI gati 1,86, 264 mIla honI cAhie aura sIdhI dizA meM pheMkI jAye to 1,86,304 miil| ina vicAroM ko mastiSka meM rakhakara mAikelasana aura morale ne eka yaMtra kA nirmANa kiyA / isa yaMtra kI sUkSmadarzitA isa hada taka pahu~cI huI thI ki vaha prakAza ke tIvra vega meM prati sekeNDa eka-eka mIla ke aMtara ko bhI aMkita kara letA thaa| isa yaMtra ko unhoMne vyatikaraNa mApaka (Interferometer) nAma diyaa| kucha darpaNa isa taraha lagAye hue the ki eka prakAza kiraNa ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA thA aura eka hI sAtha do dizAoM meM unheM pheMkA jA sakatA thA / yaha sArA parIkSaNa itanI 25. DaoN. AinsTIna aura brahmANDa - likaMna bAraneTa pR. 42 162 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAvadhAnI se Ayojita kiyA gayA ki saMdeha kI koI guMjAiza hI nahIM thii| isakA niSkarSa sarala bhASA meM yaha rahA ki prakAza-kiraNoM ke vega meM cAhe ve pheMkI gayI hoM, koI aMtara nahIM pdd'taa|26 ___ AiMsTIna ke anusAra isa niSkarSa se vaijJAnika-jagata meM halacala prAraMbha ho gayI; kyoMki isa niSkarSa se bhI adhika mAnya koparanikasa siddhAnta, jisameM yaha siddha kiyA thA ki 'pRthvI sthira nahIM, gatizIla hai' ko chor3e yA Ithara siddhAMta ko| bahuta se bhautikavijJAna vettAoM ko yaha lagA ki yaha vizvAsa karanA adhika AsAna hai ki pRthvI sthira hai banispata isake ki taraMgeM, prakAza taraMgeM, vidyutacuMbakIya taraMgeM binA kisI sahAre ke astitva meM raha sakatI haiN| inhIM vibhinna matadhArAoM ke kAraNa paccIsa varSa paryaMta eka mata nahIM bana paayaa| nayI kalpanAe~ huIM, parIkSaNa hue, parantu niSkarSa yahI rahA ki 'Ithara' meM pRthvI kA pratyakSa vega zUnya - Ithara prakAza kI gati ko prabhAvita nahIM karatA, isalie AiMsTIna ne usake astitva kA nirasana kiyaa| parantu yaha to svIkAra karanA hI hogA ki gatiniyAmaka tattva ke abhAva meM padArtha ananta meM bhaTaka jAte aura eka dina vartamAna vizva prakAza zUnya ho jaataa| .'Ithara' ke viSaya meM bhautika vijJAnavettA DaoN.e.esa. eDiMgaTana likhate haiM Nowadays, it is agreed that ETHER is not a kind of matter, being non material, its properties are quite unique characters such as mass and rigidity which we meet with in matter will naturally be absent in ETHER will have new definite characters of its own non-material ocean of ETHER. AjakAla yaha svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai ki "Ithara bhautika dravya nahIM hai| bhautika kI apekSA usakI prakRti bhinna hai / bhUta meM prApta piNDatva aura ghanatva guNoM 26. jaina darzana aura anekAMta:- yuvAcArya mahAprajJa pR. 25-26 . 27. DaoN. AiMsTIna aura brahmANDa pR. 43-46 163 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #190
kA Ithara meM abhAva hogA, parantu usake apane naye aura nizcayAtmaka guNa hoNge|"28 __prophesara jI. Ara. jaina. ema. esasI., dharma aura Ithara kI tulanA karate hue likhate haiM "Thus it is proved that science and Jain Physics agree absolutely so far as they call Dharm (ETHER) nonmaterial, nonatomic, non-discrete, continuous, co-extensive with space in divisible and as a necessary medium for motion and one which does not itself move." arthAt yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki "vijJAna aura jainadarzana donoM yahA~ taka ekamata haiM ki dharmadravya yA Ithara abhautika, apAramANavika, avibhAjya, akhaNDa AkAza ke samAna vyApaka, gati meM anivArya mAdhyama, aura apane Apa meM sthira vaijJAnikoM dvArA sammata yaha 'Ithara' gatinimitta tattva kA hI dUsarA nAma haiN| Ithara saMbaMdhI ye sArI mAnyatAe~ madhyayugIna vaijJAnika yuga se saMbaMdhita haiN| ___ yadi dharmAstikAya kI sattA nahIM hotI to pudgala aura jIva kI gati meM nimitta kauna hotA? kyoMki jIva aura pudgala to svayaM upAdAna kAraNa haiN| vAyu svayaM gatizIla hai to pRthvI, aura jala loka meM sarvatra vyApta nahIM hai| ataH hameM aisI zakti kI apekSA hai jo svayaM gatizUnya ho aura saMpUrNa lokaM meM vyApta ho, sAtha hI aloka meM nhiiN|29 adharmAstikAya kA svarUpaH adharmAstikAya varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza se rahita hai, arthAt arUpI, ajIva, zAzvata, loka pramANa hai, evaM jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM sahAyaka tattva hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI adharma ko sthiti lakSaNa vAlA sUcita kiyA hai|31 28. ------- 29. prajJApanA vR.pa.1 30. bhagavatI 2.10.2 evaM ThANAMga 5.171 31. adhammo ThANa lkkhnno|- uttarA. 28.9 164 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #191
tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra bhI jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti udAsIna sahAyaka ko adharmAstikAya kahA hai| ___ zrI pUjyapAda ne adharmAstikAya kA udAharaNa dete hue batAyA ki jisa prakAra ghor3e ko Thaharane meM pRthvI sAdhAraNa nimitta hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala ko Thaharane meM adharmAstikAya sAdhAraNa nimitta hai|33 laghu dravyasaMgraha ke anusAra sthita hote jIvoM aura pudgaloM ko jo sthira hone meM sahakArI kAraNa haiM use adharmAstikAya kahate haiM, jaise chAyA yAtriyoM ko sthira hone meM sahakArI hai, parantu vaha gamana karane vAle jIva aura pudgala ko sthira nahIM krtii|4 SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM bhI adharmAstikAya ke isI lakSaNa ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai|35 adharmAstikAya kA apanA koI svatantra kArya nahIM hai| sthUla rukanA to spaSTa dRSTigata hotA hai, sUkSma sthiti dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| parantu sUkSma ThaharanA padArtha ke mur3ane ke samaya hotA hai / calatA-calatA hI padArtha yadi mur3anA cAhe to use mor3a para jAkara kSaNabhara ThaharanA pdd'egaa| yadyapi rukanA dRSTigata nahIM hotA, para hotA avazya hai| isa sUkSma tathA sthUla avasthAna meM jo sahAyaka tattva - hai, use adharmAstikAya kahate haiN|26 . isa para se yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki jo sadA sarvadA se rukA huA hai usameM bhI adharmAstikAya kA sahayoga hai| adharmAstikAya use sahayoga karatA hai, jo calate-calate tthhre| jo calatA hI nahIM, use ThaharAne kA prazna hI nahIM hai| jaise AkAza calatA hI nahIM to use ThaharAne kA prazna hI nahIM hai| kundakundAcArya ke anusAra na dharmAstikAya gamana karatA hai aura na adharmAstikAya sthira karatA hai / jIva aura pudgala svayaM apane pariNAmoM se gati aura sthiti karate haiN| 32. ta.sU. 5.17 33. sa.si. 5.17.559 34. laghu dravya saMgraha 9 35. SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 49. 169 36. padArtha vijJAna :- jinendra varNI pR. 190 37. paM. kA. 89 165 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #192
phira prazna hotA hai ki taba dharma aura adharma ko mAnane kA kyA kAraNa hai? isakA samAdhAna amRtacandrAcArya dete haiN| unake anusAra yadi 'dharma' aura 'adharma' gati aura sthiti ke mukhya hetu mAna liye jAyeM to jinheM gati karanI hai ve gati hI kareMge, aura jinheM sthiti rakhanI hai ve sthiti hI rkheNge| donoM gati aura sthiti eka padArtha meM nahIM pAyI jAtI, jabaki gati aura sthiti donoM hI eka dharmI meM pAye jAte haiN| ataH anumAna hai ki ye vyavahAranaya dvArA sthApita udAsIna kAraNa haiN|"38 adharmAstikAya kI upayogitA:____ gautamasvAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA-bhagavan ! adharmAstikAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai? bhagavAn ne kahA-yadi adharmAstikAya nahIM hotA to jIva khar3A kaise hotA? baiThanA, mana ko ekAgra karanA, mauna karanA, nispaMda honA, karavaTa lenA Adi jitane bhI sthira bhAva haiM, ve adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa haiM / 39 siddhasena divAkara dharmAstikAya aura dharmAstikAya ke svatantra dravyatva ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate, ve inheM dravya kI paryAya mAtra svIkAra karate haiN| dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya ke astitva kI siddhiH prazna hai ki cU~ki AkAza sarvagata hai, ataH use hI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka mAna lenA cAhiye / pRthak dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ko mAnane kA kyA aucitya hai? isakA samAdhAna hai ki 'AkAza' dharma aura adharma Adi sabhI dravyoM kA AdhAra hai, jaise-nagara samasta bhavanoM kA AdhAra hai| AkAza kA upakAra avagAhana nizcita hai to usake anya upakAra nahIM mAne jA sakate, anyathA taralatA aura uSNa guNa bhI pRthvI ke mAna lene caahie| yadi AkAza ko gati aura sthiti kA sahAyaka mAnA jAye to jIva aura pudgala kI gati alokAkAza meM bhI honI caahie| aura taba, loka aura aloka kI vibhAjana rekhA hI samApta 38. paM.kA. tA. vR. 89 39. bhagavatI 13.4.25 40. prayogavistrasAkarma, tadbhAvisthitistathA / lokAnubhAvavatAMta, kiM dharmAdharmayoH phalaMni.dvA.24 166 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #193
ho jaayegii| loka se bhinna aloka kA honA to anivArya hai, kyoMki vaha . 'abrAhmaNa' kI taraha naJyukta sArthaka pada hai| jisa prakAra machalI kI gati jala meM hI saMbhava hai, jala rahita pRthvI para nahIM, usI taraha AkAza kI upasthiti hone para bhI dharma-adharma hoM to hI jIva aura pudgala kI gati aura sthiti ho sakatI hai|49 pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM sAMkhyamata kI zaMkA ko rakhate hue samAdhAna karate haiM ki yadi AkAza se hI dharmAdharma kA kArya liyA jAtA hai to sattva guNoM se hI prasAra aura lAghava kI taraha rajoguNa ke zoSa aura tApa tathA tamoguNa ke sAdana aura AvaraNa rUpa kArya ho jAnA caahiye| zeSaguNoM kA mAnanA nirarthaka hai / isI taraha sabhI AtmAoM meM eka caitanyatattva samAna hai, taba eka hI AtmA mAnanI cAhiye, ananta nhiiN| ____ bauddhamata rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna- ye pA~ca skandha mAnate haiN| yadi eka meM hI anya ke dharmoM ko mAnA jAye to vijJAna ke binA anya skandhoM kI pratIti nahIM hotI, ataH eka vijJAna skandha hI mAnanA cAhie, usI se sAre kArya saMpanna ho jaayeNge| zeSa skandhoM kI nivRtti hone para nirAvalaMbana vijJAna kI bhI sthiti nahIM rahegI aura taba sarvazUnyatA utpanna ho jaayegii| ataH vyApaka hone para bhI AkAza meM gati aura sthiti ke upakAraka dharma-adharma kI yogyatA nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ... dharma aura adharma cU~ki amUrta hone ke kAraNa dRSTigata nahIM hote, parantu isase kharaviSANa kI taraha inakI anupalabdhi nahIM mAnanI cAhie, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM tIrthaMkara, puNya, pApa, Adi sabhI padArthoM kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| sAtha hI dhamR aura adharma kI upalabdhi prasiddha haiM, kyoMki tIrthaMkara paramAtmA Adi dvArA praNIta AgamoM meM dharma aura adharma kI upalabdhi hotI hai| anumAna se bhI gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa nimitta ke rUpa meM upalabdhi hotI hai|3|| . 41. tattvArtharAjavArtika 5.17.20.22 pR. 462 42. vahI 5.17 23 pR. 463 / / 43. ta.rA.vA. 5.17.28.464 - 167 For Personal & Private Use Only

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yahA~ eka prazna yaha bhI hotA hai ki jisa prakAra jJAnAdi AtmapariNAma aura dahI Adi pudgala pariNAmoM kI utpatti parasparAzrita hai, usake lie dharma aura adharma jaise kisI atIndriya dravya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| usI prakAra se gati aura sthiti ke liye dharma aura adharma kI kahA~ AvazyakatA haiM? akalaMka unake samAdhAna meM kahate haiM- jJAnAdi paryAyoM kI utpatti ke lie jaise 'kAla' nAmaka sAdhAraNa bAhyakAraNa kI AvazyakatA hai, usI taraha dharma aura adharma kI bhI gati aura sthiti ke lie AvazyakatA hai| ___ AcArya akalaMka tattvArtharAjavArtika meM sAMkhya, bauddha aura vaizeSika ko uttara dete hue kahate haiM- amUrta hone se hI dharma aura adharma kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jAtA kyoMki amUrta pradhAna ahaMkAra (sAMkhya ke anusAra) Adi vikAra rUpa se pariNata hokara puruSa ke bhoga meM nimitta hotA hai, vijJAna (bauddhasammata) amUrta hokara bhI nAma-rUpa kI utpatti kA kAraNa hotA hai / adRSTa (vaizeSikasammata) amUrta hokara bhI puruSa ke upabhoga aura sAdhanoM meM nimitta hotA hai, usI taraha dharma aura adharma amUrta hone para bhI gati aura sthiti meM sAdhAraNa nimitta mAne jAne caahie|45 isa prakAra agara dharma aura adharma kI mAnyatA nahIM hotI to zuddhAtmA Aja taka ur3Ana hI bharatI rahatI aura usakI isa ananta yAtrA kA kabhI anta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki AkAza kA kahIM anta nahIM hai- yaha to aura bhI bar3I paratantratA ho jAtI; aura bhI bar3A duHkha ho jAtA, parantu aisA nahIM hai| dharma aura adharma ke astittva ke kAraNa muktAtmA loka ke agrabhAga para jAkara sthira ho jAtI hai, kyoMki gatisahAyaka dharmAstikAya kI aloka meM anupasthiti hai aura grahaupagraha Adi kA paraspara gharSaNa bhI adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki apanI hI paridhi meM nirantara bhramaNazIla inakA saMtulana adharmAstikAya sthApita kara detA hai| AkAzastikAya kA lakSaNa aura svarUpa :___ astikAya ajIva dravyoM meM tIsarA astikAya dravya AkAza hai| ThANAMga meM isakA vivecana aura lakSaNa isa prakAra batAyA hai- AkAzastikAya avarNa, 44. vahI 5.17.36.465 45. vahI 5.17.41.466 168 For Personal & Private Use Only

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agaMdha, arasa, asparza, arUpa, ajIva, zAzvata, avasthita tathA loka kA eka aMzabhUta dravya hai| dravya kI apekSA eka dravya hai, kSetra kI apekSA loka tathA Aloka pramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna tInoM meM zAzvata hai| bhAva kI apekSA avarNa, agandha, arasa aura asparza hai / guNa kI apekSA avagAhana guNa vAlA hai|46 ___ uttarAdhyayana meM bhI AkAza ke avagAhana guNa ko hI puSTa kiyA hai| - yahA~ prabuddha varga meM eka samasyA ubhara sakatI hai ki hama AkAza kaheM kise? jo hameM nIlA, pIlA dikhAyI detA hai, vaha AkAza hai? parantu nIlA-pIlA to AkAza ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki AkAzAstikAya kA lakSaNa to avarNa hai tathA amUrta hai / vaha to indriyoM se jAnA nahIM jA sktaa| yaha sardI/garmI jo kucha hameM pratIta hotI hai vaha vAyu kI hai, AkAza kI nhiiN| yaha vAyu AkAza meM vyApta hai| gaMdha cAhe vaha sugandha ho yA durgandha Adi pudgala skandhoM kI hai, AkAza kI nhiiN| nIlA-pIlA dikhatA hai ye bhI vAyumaMDala meM tairane vAle kSudra aNuoM ke raMga haiM aura sUrya kI kiraNoM ko prApta karake isa raMga meM raMga jAte haiN| vaizeSika zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM aura ise siddha karane ke prayAsa bhI karate haiM, parantu zabda AkAza kA guNa na hokara paugalika hai| kyoMki vaizeSikoM ne jo hetu upasthita kiye haiM, ve asiddha haiN|" zabda AkAza kA guNa na hokara pudgala kA guNa hai; kyoMki aneka pudgaloM ke TakarAne se zabda utpanna hotA hai aura vAyumaNDala meM eka kaMpana vizeSa utpanna karatA hai| - hamAre cAroM aura jo bhI khAlI jagaha (Vaccum) dikhAyI detI hai, vahI AkAza hai, jise aMgrejI bhASA meM Space kahA jAtA hai / Sky aura meM Space 46. ThANAMga 5.172 evaM bhagavatI 2.10.4 47. bhAyaNaM savvadravvANaM, nahaM ogAha lakkhaNaM, - uttarAdhyayana 28.9 48. vaizeSika sUtra 22.1.27., 29-32 evaM tatra AkAzasya guNAazabda saMkhyAparimANa pRthaktvaM saMyoga vibhAgA.....prazasta - bhA.pR. 23-25 49. syAdvAdamaMjarI 14 pR. 127-128 169 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #196
antara hai / Sky to vaha hai jo pudgala ke rUpa meM vivecita kiyA hai arthAt raMgabiraMgA dikhatA hai aura rikta sathAna Space hai| AkAza kA upakAra hai- dharma, adharma, jIva aura pudgala ko avAha denA / 51 dharma aura adharma AkAza kA avagAhana karake rahate haiM, yaha eka aupacArika prayoga hai| jisa taraha haMsa jala kA avagAhana karake rahatA hai, yaha isa taraha kA . mukhya prayoga nahIM hai| AdhAra aura Adheya meM jahA~ paurvAparya saMbandha ho, vaha mukhya prayoga hotA hai| saMpUrNa lokAkAza dharma aura adharma kI vyApti hai / 52 .. dharmAstikAyAdi ko avagAhana dene vAlA lokAkAza hai, 52 parantu AkAza kA apanA koI AdhAra nahIM hai, kyoMki AkAza se bar3A koI dravya nahIM hai jisameM AkAza Adheya bana ske| ataH yaha ananta AkAza svapratiSTha hai| AkAza kA AdhAra anya, phira usakA koI anya AdhAra mAnane meM anavasthA hotI hai|54 kevala avasthA ke bhaya se hI anya AdhAra kA niSedha nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu vastu kA svarUpa hI aisA hai| evaMbhUtanaya kI dRSTi se sAre dravya svapratiSThita haiM, inameM AdhAra-Adheya bhAva nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya se AdhAra-Adheya kI kalpanA hotI hai / vyavahAra se hI vAyu kA AkAza, jala kA vAyu, pRthvI kA jala, sabhI jIvoM kA pRthvI, jIva kA ajIva, ajIva kA jIva, karma kA jIva aura jIva kA karma, dharma-adharma tathA kAla kA AkAza AdhAra mAnA jAtA hai| paramArtha se to vAyu Adi samasta svapratiSThita haiN|55 .. dharma aura adharma ko bhI AkAza hI avagAhana detA hai, parantu inameM paurvAparya saMbaMdha nahIM hai, jaisA kuNDa aura bora meM hai| inakA saMbandha zarIra aura hAtha jaisA hai| 50. padArtha vijJAna pR. 168 le. jineMdra varNI 51. sabhASyatattvArthadhigama sUtra 5.18 pR. 262 52. ta.rA.vA. 5.18.2.466 53. lokAkAzevagAhaH ta.sU. 5.12 54. ta.rA.vA. 5.12.2-4, 454 55. vahI 5.12.5, 6, 454, 55 170 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #197
hAtha aura zarIra meM AdhAra-Adheya bhAva hai, phira bhI na to pUrvApara kAla haiM, na yutasiddhi / donoM yugapat utpanna hote haiM aura ayutasiddha hote haiM / 56 / / 'dharma' aura 'adharma' saMpUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta karake rahatA hai jaisetiloM meM tela / vastutaH tila aura tela kA udAharaNa bhI sthala hai kyoM ki usameM khalI aura tela alaga-alaga kiye jA sakatA haiN| isase bhI sUkSma udAharaNa hogA- 'zakkara meM mdhurtaa'| ___avagAha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- eka puruSa ke mana kI taraha aura dUsarA dUdha meM pAnI kI taraha / athavA, jaise AtmA saMpUrNa zarIra meM vyApta hokara rahatI hai, vaise hI dharma aura adharma bhI saMpUrNa lokAkAza ko vyApta karake rahate haiM / 58 . jIva aura pudgala to jisa prakAra se jala meM haMsa avagAhana karatA hai, vaise hI lokAkAza meM karate haiN| ye alpakSetra aura aMkhyeya bhAga ko rokate haiM aura kriyAvAn haiN| eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para jAte haiN| ataH inake avagAha meM saMyoga aura vibhAga dvArA AkAza upakAra karatA hai|"59 / dharma aura adharma ke anAdi saMbandha aura ayutasiddhatva ke viSaya meM anekAnta hai| paryAyArthikanaya kI gauNatA aura dravyArthikanaya kI mukhyatA hone para vyaya aura utpAda nahIM hotA, aura paryAyArthikanaya kI mukhyatA aura dravyArthikanaya kI gauNatA hone para sAdisaMbandha aura yutasiddhatva hote haiM, kyoMki AkAza bhI dravya hai aura isa apekSA se utpAda, vyava aura dhrauvya yukta honA isakA lakSaNa hai|60 AkAza evaM loka kA ananyatva :___jIva pudgala, dharma, adharma, tathA kAla loka se ananya haiN| isI prakAra loka ina pA~coM dravyoM se ananya hai / loka ke binA avaziSTa pA~coM dravyoM kA astitva 56. vahI 5.12.8.9. 455 57. ta.sU. 5.13 58. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra 5.13.257 59. sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama sUtra 5.18.262 60. ta.rA.vA.5.18.5.466,67 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
nahIM hai aura lokAkAza bhI inase rahita nahIM hotaa|69, dharma, adharma aura AkAza ina tInoM astikAyoM kA eka kSetrAvagAhI aura samAna parimANa vAle hone ke kAraNa ekatva hai, phira bhI ina tInoM ke lakSaNa bhinna haiM aura svarUpaH bhI bhinna haiM, ataH anyatva bhI haiN|62 vijJAna kI bhASA meM ise isa prakAra kahA jAtA hai ki dravya kA astitva AkAza aura kAla sApekSa hai| vijJAna ke isa siddhAnta ko Theory of Relativity of time & space' nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| anya dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM, parantu AkAza anaMtapradezI hai|62 .. rikta sthAna ko AkAza kahate haiN| yadyapi isa khAlI jagaha meM vAyu hone ke kAraNa ise vAyumaNDala kahA jAtA hai, parantu vAyu aura AkAza alaga-alaga haiN| vAyu jisameM rahatI hai, saMcAra karatI hai, vaha AkAza hai| Upara antarikSa jahA~ Aja ke bheje gaye vaijJAnika upagraha yantra sputanika Adi ghUma rahe haiM vahA~ vAyu nahIM hai, parantu AkAza avazya hai| jisa khAlI jagaha meM ye vaijJAnika-upakaraNa ghUma rahe haiM vaha AkAza hai| catuSTayI kI apekSA loka : loka Adi hai yA anAdi, evaM loka sAnta hai yA ananta ! isa saMbandha meM skandaka ko jijJAsA huii| ve mahAvIra ke pAsa pahuMce aura isa saMbandha meM samAdhAna caahaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA "loka cAra prakAra kA hai- dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka aura bhAvaloka / dravyaloka kI apekSA loka eka hai aura antavAlA hai| kSetraloka kI apekSA asaMkhya kor3Akor3I yojana vistAra vAlA hai; asaMkhya kor3Akor3I paridhi vAlA hai, phira bhI sAnta hai| kAlaloka kI apekSA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna, ina tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata, dhruva, niyata, akSaya, avasthita, avyaya aura nitya hai| bhAvaloka kI apekSA ananta varNaparyAyarUpa, gandhaparyAyarUpa, - 61. paM. kA. 91 62. paM. kA. 96 63. loyAloyappamANamaMte aNaMte ceva- bhagavatI 2.10.4 evaM "AkAzasyAnaMtAH"-ta.sU. 64. bhagavatI 2.1.24 172 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
rasaparyAyarUpa aura sparzaparyAyarUpa hai| isI prakAra ananta saMsthAnaparyAyarUpa, ananta gurulaghuparyAyarUpa, evaM ananta aguru - laghuparyAyarUpa hai / isakA anta nahIM hai| isa prakAra dravyaloka evaM kSetraloka antasahita hai, kAla evaM bhAvaloka aMtarahita / 64 AkAzastikAya ke bhedaH - bhagavatIsUtra evaM ThANAMga ke anusAra AkAza do prakAra kA hai - lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / 65 lokAkAza aura alokAkAza meM kyA bhinnatA hai? yaha pUche jAne para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- lokAkAza meM jIva, jIva ke deza aura jIva ke pradeza haiM, ajIva bhI hai, ajIva ke deza aura ajIva ke pradeza bhI haiN| una jIvoM meM niyamataH ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya tathA anindriya haiN| ajIva bhI rUpI aura arUpI donoM haiN| rUpI ke skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu pudgala-isa prakAra cAra bheda haiN| jo arUpI haiM unake pA~ca bheda haiMdharmAstikAya, nodharmAstikAya kA deza, aura dharmAstikAya ke pradeza, adharmAstikAya, nodharmAstikAya kA deza, adharmAstikAya ke pradeza aura addhAsamaya hai / 66 alokAkAza meM na jIva hai na jIvapradeza haiM / vaha eka ajIvadravya deza hai, aMgurulaghu hai tathA ananta agurulaghuguNoM se saMyukta hai / anantabhAganyUna sarvAkAzarUpa hai / 67 yaha aloka na to dharmAstikAya se, na adharmAstikAya se, na lokAkAzAstikAya se spRSTa hai| AkAzastikAya ke deza aura pradeza se hI spRSTa hai| pRthvIkAya athavA addhAkAla se bhI spRSTa nahIM hai / 68 jabaki loka dharmAstikAya se evaM usake pradezoM se spRSTa hai, isI prakAra adharmAstikAya se evaM usake pradezoM se spRSTa hai| AkAzAstikAya ke deza aura pradeza se spRSTa hai| pudgalAstikAya, jIvAstikAya evaM pRthvIkAyAdi se vanaspatikAya paryanta se spRSTa hai, trasakAya se 65. duvihe Agese pajhaNate taM jahA loyAgAse ya aloyAgAse ya-bhagavatI 2.10.10, ThANAMga - 2.152 66. bhagavatI 2.10.11 67. bhagavatI 2.10.12 173 For Personal & Private Use Only "

Page #200
kathaMcit spRSTa hai kathaMcit spRSTa nahIM bhI hai (jaba kevalI samudghAta karate haiM, taba cauthe samaya meM ve apane AtmapradezoM se samagra loka ko vyApta kara lete haiN| kevalI trasakAya ke aMtargata Ate haiN)| addhAsamaya deza se spRSTa hotA bhI hai aura nahIM bhii| (addhAkAla DhAI dvIpa meM hI hai, Age nhiiN|) bRhadravyasaMgraha ke anusAra jo dharma, adharma, jIva, pudgala ko avakAza de, vaha lokAkAza aura usa lokAkAza se bAhara alokAkAza hai|70 loka kA vivecana bauddha mata meM :__ AcArya vasubaMdhu ne loka ke saMbandha meM isa prakAra maMtavya spaSTa kiyA hai loka ke adhobhAga meM solaha lAkha yojana U~cA aparimita vAyumaNDala hai| usake Upara 11 lAkha 20 hajAra yojana U~cA jalamaNDala hai| usameM tIna lAkha bIsa hajAra yojana kaMcanamaya bhUmaNDala hai| jalamaMDala aura kaMcanamaMDala kA vistAra 12 lAkha 3 hajAra 450 yojana tathA paridhi 36 lAkha 10 hajAra 350 yojana pramANa hai|72 vAyumaMDala ke madhya meM kaMcanamaya meru parvata hai| yaha 80 hajAra yojana nIce jala meM DUbA huA hai tathA itanA hI Upara nikalA huA hai| isase Age 80 hajAra yojana vistRta aura do lAkha cAlIsa hajAra yojana pramANa paridhi se saMyukta prathama samudra hai jo meru ko ghera kara avasthita hai| isase Age cAlIsa hajAra yojana vistRta yugaMdhara parvata valayAkAra se sthita hai| isake Age bhI isI prakAra se ekaeka samudra ko antarita karake Adhe-Adhe vistAra se saMyukta kramazaH yugaMdhara, IzAdhara, khadIraka, sudarzana, azvakarNa, vinataka aura nirmidhara parvata haiN| samudroM kA vistAra uttarottara AdhA-AdhA hotA gayA hai|75 68. prajJApanA 15.1.1005 69. prajJApanA 15.1.1002 70. bRhad dravya saMgraha 22 71. abhidharmakoSa 3.45 72. abhidharmakoSa 3.36 73. abhidharmakoSa 3.47, 48 74. abhidharmakoSa 3.50 75. abhidharmakoSa 3.51, 52 174 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
ukta parvatoM meM se meru cAraratnamaya, zeSa sAta svarNamaya haiN| sabase bAhara avasthita mahAsamudra kA vistAra tIna lAkha bAIsa hajAra yojana pramANa hai| aMta meM lauhamaya cakravAla parvata sthira hai| nimiMdhara aura cakravAla parvatoM ke madhya meM jo samudra sthita hai usameM jambUdvIpa, pUrvavideha, avaragodAnIya aura uttarakuru ye cAra dvIpa haiN| inameM jambUdvIpa meru ke dakSiNa bhAga meM hai / usakA AkAra zakaTa ke samAna hai| usakI tIna bhujAoM meM se do bhujAe~ do-do hajAra yojana kI ora eka bhujA tIna hajAra pacAsa yojana kI hai|76 jambUdvIpa meM uttara kI ora bane kITAdi aura unake Age himavAn parvata avasthita haiM / himavAn parvata se Age uttara meM pA~ca sau yojana vistRta anavatapta nAma kA agAdha sarovara hai| isase gaMgA, siMdhu, vakSu aura sItA ye cAra nadiyA~ nikalI haiM / isa sarovara ke samIpa jambUvRkSa hai| isase isa dvIpa kA nAma jambUdvIpa par3A hai / 77 narakaloka :- jambUdvIpa ke nIce bIsa hajAra yojana vistRta avIci naraka hai| usake Upara kramazaH pratApana, tapana, mahAraurava, raurava, saMghAta, kAlasUtra aura saMjIva nAma ke sAta naraka aura haiM / 78 jyotirloka :- meru parvata kI bhUmi se cAlIsa hajAra yojana Upara candra aura sUrya paribhramaNa karate haiM / candramaNDala kA pramANa pacAsa yojana aura sUrya maMDala kA pramANa ikyAvana yojana hai / jisa samaya jambUdvIpa meM madhyAhna hotA hai, usa samaya uttarakuru meM ardharAtri, pUrvavideha meM astagamana aura avaragodAnIya meM sUryodaya hotA hai / 79 ke: bhAdrapada mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI navamI se rAtri kI vRddhi aura phAlguna mAsa zukla pakSa kI navamI se usakI hAni prArabhma hotI hai| rAtri kI vRddhi dina kI hAni aura dina kI vRddhi rAtri kI hAni hotI hai| sUrya ke dakSiNAyana meM rAtri kI 76. . gaNitAnuyoga bhUmikA pR. 83 77. abhidharmakoSa 3.57 78. abhidharmakoSa 3.58 79. abhidharmakoSa 3.60 175 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
vRddhi aura uttarAyaNa meM dina kI vRddhi hotI hai| svargaloka :- meru ke zikhara para svargaloka hai| isakA vistAra assI hajAra yojana hai| yahA~ para trAyastriMza deva rahate haiN| isake cAroM vidizAoM meM vajrapANi devoM kA nivAsa hai| - trAyastriMza loka ke madhya meM sudarzana nAmaka nagara hai| vaha suvarNamaya hai| isakA eka-eka pArzva bhAga DhAI hajAra yojana vistRta hai| isake madhya bhAga meM indra kA DhAI sau yojana vistRta vaijayanta nAmaka prAsAda hai| nagara ke bAharI bhAga meM cAroM ora caitraratha, pAruSya, mizra aura nandanavana- ye cAra vana haiN| trAyastriMza loka ke Upara vimAnoM meM deva rahate haiN| kucha deva manuSyoM kI taraha kAmasevana karate haiM aura kucha kramazaH AliMgana, hastamilApa, hasita aura dRSTi dvArA tRpti prApta karate haiN|83 bauddha aura jaina mata meM vivecita loka kI tulanA :___ bauddhoM ne dasa loka mAne haiM- naraka, preta, tiryak, manuSya aura chaH devlok| pretoM ko jainoM ne devoM ke antargata mAnA hai (isakA vivecana jIvAstikAya meM hama kara Aye haiN)| pretaloka ko devayoni ke antargata mAnane para naraka, tiryak, manuSya aura deva cAra loka hI siddha hote haiN| jaina ise cAra gati ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| __ bauddhoM ne preta yoni kI pRthak yoni mAnakara pA~ca yoniyA~ svIkAra kI haiN| vaidika dharmAnusAra loka varNana: viSNupurANa ke dvitIyAMza ke dvitIyAdhyAya meM batAyA gayA hai ki isa pRthvI para jambU, lakSa, zAlmala, kuza, kroMca zAka aura puSkara nAma vAle sAta dvIpa haiN| 80. abhidharmakoSa 3.61 81. abhidharmakoSa 3.65 82. abhidharmakoSa 3.66.67 83. abhidharmakoSa 3.39 84. "naraka preta tiryaMco mAnuSAH SaD divaukasaH" abhidharmakoSa 3.1 85. "narakAdisvanAlokA gatayaH paMca teSu tAH" abhidharmakoSa 3.4 176 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
ye sabhI cUr3I ke samAna golAkAra aura kramazaH sAta samudroM se veSTita haiM / ina sabhI ke madhya jambUdvIpa hai| isakA vistAra ekalAkha yojana hai| isake madhyabhAga meM 84 hajAra yojana U~cA svarNamaya meruparvata hai| isakI nIMva pRthvI ke bhItara 16 hajAra yojana hai| meru kA vistAra mUla meM 16 hajAra yojana hai, phira kramazaH bar3hakara zikhara para 32 hajAra yojana ho gayA hai|86 . Age jAkara himavAn Adi chaH varSaparvatoM se isa jambUdvIpa ke sAta bhAga ho jAte haiN| meru parvata ke pUrvAdika dizAoM meM kramazaH mandara, gaMdhamAdana, vipula aura supArzva nAma vAle cAra parvata haiN| inake Upara kramazaH 1100 yojana U~ce kadamba, jambU, pIpala aura vaTavRkSa haiN| inameM se jambUvRkSa ke nAma se yaha jambUdvIpa kahalAtA jambUdvIpa ke ina parvatoM dvArA bhI sAta bhAga hote haiM- bhAratavarSa, kimpuruSa, harivarSa, ilAvRtta, ramyaka, hiraNmaya aura uttrkuru|8 ... ina sAta kSetroM meM se mAtra jambUdvIpa meM hI kAla parivartana hotA hai| kiMpuruSAdika meM kAla parivartana nahIM hotA / yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko kisI prakAra ke zoka, parizrama, kSudhA Adi kI bAdhA nahIM hotii| svarUpa-sukhI, AtaMka rahita inakA jIvana hotA hai| yaha bhogabhUmi hai| yahA~ para pApa Adi bhI nahIM hai| svarga, mukti, Adi kI prApti ke lie kI jAnevAlI tapazcaryA vratAdi bhI yahA~ nahIM haiN| mAtra bhAratavarSa ke loga hI mukti Adi ko pAne kA prayAsa kara sakate haiN| yahA~ ke loga asi, maSi Adi karma karate haiM, ataH yaha karmabhUmi bhI kahalAtI hai| yaha sabhI kSetroM meM sarvazreSTha kSetra mAnA gayA hai|90 86. viSNu purANa dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 5.9 87. viSNu purANa dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 17-19 88. viSNu purANaM dvitIyAMza dvitIya adhyAya zloka 10-15 89. karmabhUmirayaM svargamapavargaca gacchatAm-agnipurANa adhyAyana 2 gAthA 118 90. uttara yatsamudrasya himAdeza dakSiNam / varSaM tadbhArataM nAma, bhAratI yatra saMtati / * navayojanasAhasro, vistArosya mahAmune / karmabhUmiriyaM svargamavargaca gacchatAm / / ataH saMprApyatisvargo, muktimasmAt prAyAnti vai| tiryaktvaM narakaM cApi, yAntyataH puruSAmune / / itaH svargazca mokSazna, madhyaM cAntazva gamyate / tatkhalvanyatra mAnAM, karmabhUmau vidhIyate / / . viSNupurANa dvitIyAMza kA tIsarA adhyayana gA. 19.22 177 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #204
isa bhUmaNDala ke nIce dasa-dasa hajAra yojana ke sAta pAtAla haiM / yahA~ uttama bhavanoM se yukta bhUmiyA~ haiM tathA dAnava, daitya, yakSa aura nAga Adi yahA~ rahate haiN|" pAtAla ke nIce viSNu bhagavAn kA zeSa nAmaka tAmasa zarIra sthita hai, jo ananta kahalAtA hai| yaha sahasraphaNoM se saMyukta hokara samasta pRthvI ko dhAraNa karake pAtAla mUla meM sthita hai| kalpAnta ke samaya isake mu~ha se nikalI saMkarSAtmaka rudra viSAgni-zikhA tInoM lokoM kA bhakSaNa karatI hai / 22 narakaloka:- pRthvI aura jala ke nIce raurava, sUkara rodha, lAla vizAsana mahAjvAla, ityAdi nAma vAle aneka mahAn bhayAnaka naraka haiN| pApI jIva mRtyu pAkara ina narakoM meM janma grahaNa karate haiN| naraka se nikalakara ye jIva kramazaH sthAvara, kRmi, jalacara, manuSya, deva Adi hote haiN| jitane jIva svarga meM haiM, utane hI jIva naraka meM bhI haiN|14 jyotirlokaH- bhUmi se eka lAkha yojana kI dUrI para sauramaNDala hai| isase eka lAkha yojana Upara nakSatramaMDala, isase do lAkha yojana Upara budha, isase do lAkha yojana Upara zukra, isase do lAkha yojana Upara maMgala, isase do lAkha yojana para bRhaspati, isase do lAkha yojana para zani, isase eka lAkha yojana para saptarSimaNDala tathA isase eka lAkha yojana Upara dhruvatArA hai|95 maharloka (svargaloka):- dhruva se eka yojana Upara maharloka hai| vahA~ kalpakAla taka jIvita rahane vAle kalpavAsiyoM kA nivAsa hai| isase do karor3a yojana Upara janaloka hai / yahA~ nandanAdi se yukta brahmANI ke putra rahate haiN| isase ATha karor3a yojana Upara tapoloka hai, jahA~ vairAja deva nivAsa karate haiN| isase bAraha karor3a yojana Upara satyaloka hai, yahA~ kabhI na marane vAle amara rahate haiN| ise brahmaloka bhI kahate haiN| bhUmi aura sUrya ke madhya meM siddhajanoM aura munijanoM se sevita sthAna 91. viSNupurANa di. a. paMcama adhyAya gA. 2.4 92. viSNupurANa di. a. paMcama adhyAya 93-96 93. viSNupurANa di. a. paMcama adhyAya gA. 1-6 94. viSNupurANa di. a. paMcama adhyAya gA. 34 95. viSNupurANa di. aMza saptama adhyAya gA. 2-9 178 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #205
bhuvanaloka kahalAtA hai| sUrya aura dhruva ke madhya caudaha lAkha yojana pramANa kSetra svarloka nAma se prasiddha hai / 96 samIkSA : 1 vaidika aura jainadarzana dvArA mAnya loka ke vivecana meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM haiM / vaidika darzana bhogabhUmi va karmabhUmi mAnatA hai aura jaina darzana bhI yahI mAnatA haiM / dvIpoM meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM haiM / samudra, kSetra, parvata Adi kI apekSA se bhinnatA bhI hai aura samAnatA bhI / " bhAratavarSa ko donoM ne karmabhUmi mAnate hue sarvazreSTha bhUmi batAyA hai / loka ke bheda prabhedaH - kSetraloka tIna prakAra kA hotA hai- adholoka kSetraloka, tiryakkaloka kSetraloka evaM Urdhvaloka kSetraloka / " adholoka kSetraloka:- sAta prakAra kA hai: - ratnaprabhApRthvI, zarkarAprabhA, vAlukAprabhA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaH prabhA, mahAtamaH prabhApRthvI adholoka / tiryagloka kSetralokaH - yaha asaMkhyAta prakAra kA hai|" isameM jambUdvIpa Adi zubha nAmavAle dvIpa aura lavaNoda Adi zubhanAmavAle samudra haiN| deg loka meM jitane kI zubhanAma haiM, una sabhI nAmoM vAle ve dvIpa - samudra haiN| jambUdvIpa se svayaMbhUramaNa paryaMta asaMkhyAta dvIpa - samudra isa tiyak kSetraloka meM haiM / ' sabhI dvIpa aura samudra duguNe- duguNe vyAsa vAle pUrva - pUrva dvIpa aura samudra htag karane vAle aura cUr3I ke AkAravAle haiN|' arthAt ina dvIpoM aura samudroM kA vistAra aura racanA nagaroM kI taraha na hokara uttarottara ve dvIpa aura samudra eka dUsare ko ghere hue haiN| * 96. viSNupurANa dvitIya aMza SaSThama adhyAya 12.18 97. gaNitAnuyoga prastAvanA la. 88 98. bhagavatI 11.03 evaM ta.sU. 3.1 99. bhagavatI 11.10 100. ta. sU. 3.7 1. sa. si. 3.6.381 2.. 3. dvidviviSkamamAH parva pUrva parikSepikA valayAkRtaya..... - ta. sU. 3.8 sa. si. 3.8.381 179 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #206
una sabhI ke bIca gola aura lAkha yojana vistAra yukta jambUdvIpa hai jisake madhya meM nAbhi kI taraha meru parvata sthita hai| jambUdvIpa meM sAta kSetra haiM aura una sAta kSetroM meM eka bharata kSetra bhI hai| (jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra isI bharatakSetra ke hama nivAsI haiN|) isa bharata kSetra kA vistAra pA~ca sau chabbIsa yojana aura eka yojana kA chaha baTA unnIsa bhAga hai|6 isa bharata kSetra meM utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI ke chaha samayoM kI apekSA vRddhi aura hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| (isakA vivecana kAla ke antargataM kiyA jaayegaa|) isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki kSetra kI nyUnAdhikatA hotI hai, apitu isa kSetra ke nivAsiyoM kI Ayu, anubhava, pramANa Adi kI apekSA se hAni vRddhi hotI hai| Urdhvaloka kSetraloka :- Urdhvaloka kSetraloka pandraha prakAra kA hotA hai| saudharmakalpa Urdhvaloka se lekara acyutakalpa kSetraloka, graiveyaka, anuttara vimAna, evaM ISatprAgbhAra pRthvI Urdhvaloka kSetraloka paryaMta Urdhvaloka kSetraloka hotA prazamarati meM loka kA vivecana isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai| yaha loka puruSAkAra hai| apane dono hAtha kamara para rakhakara do paira phailAkara khar3e puruSa kI taraha hai| loka ko kula caudaha rajju pramANa batAyA hai| sumeru parvata ke tala se nIce sAta rajju pramANa adholoka batAyA hai aura tala ke Upara se sAta rajju Udhvaloka batAkara kula caudaha raju pramANa loka batAyA hai| madhyaloka kI UMcAI ko Udhvaloka meM sammilita kiyA hai, kyoMki sAta ranju pramANa ke kSetraphala meM eka lAkha cAlIsa yojana kA kSetraphala ThIka usI prakAra mahatva rakhatA hai. jaise parvata kI tulanA meM raaii| 4. ta.sU. 3.9 5. ta.sU. 3.10 6. ta.sU. 3.24 (digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya) 7. bhagavatI 11.10.6 8. prazamarati gA. 210 9. kAtikeyAnuprekSA gA. 127 180 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #207
loka kA parimApa:- aba hama yaha samajheM ki 'rajju' kA mApa kyA haiM? kyoMki yaha bhI jainadarzana kA apanA viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai / 'rajju' se tAtparya rassI nahIM hai / apitu tIna karor3a ikyAsI lAkha sattAIsa hajAra nau sau sattara maNa vajana kA eka bhAra aura aise hajAra bhAra kA arthAt ar3atIsa araba bAraha karor3a unyAsI lAkha sattara hajAra maNa vajana kA eka lohe kA golA chaH mAha, chaH dina, chaH prahara aura chaH ghar3I meM jitanI dUrI taya kare, utanI dUrI ko eka rajju kahate haiN| lokasaMsthAna ke prakAra : jaina sAhitya meM jisa prakAra se loka racanA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai usI prakAra usake AkAra kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| __adholoka kA saMsthAna kisa prakAra kA hai? gautama svAmI ke isa prazna para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- adholoka kSetraphala kA saMsthAna tipAI ke samAna hai| tiryag loka kSetraloka kA AkAra jhAlara ke AkAra kA hai| adholoka ke kSetraphala kA AkAra mRdaMga ke samAna hai / 11 ___ loka kA saMsthAna sakore ke AkAra kA hai| vaha nIce se caur3A, Upara se mRdaMga jaisA hai| prazamarati meM umAsvAti ne bhI loka kI AkRti isI prakAra se batAyI hai / adholoka kA AMkAra sakore ke samAna (Upara saMkSipta nIce vizAla), tiryakloka AkAra thAlI ke jaisA hai evaM Udhvaloka kA AkAra khar3e rakhe gaye sakore ke Upara ulaTe rakhe gaye sakore ke jaisA hai|12 - aloka kA saMsthAna pole gole ke samAna hai / 13 bhagavatIsUtra meM vyAkhyAkAra ne loka kA pramANa isa prakAra se batAyA hai- sumeru parvata ke nIce aSTapradezI rucaka hai| usake nicale pratara ke nIce nau sau yojana taka tiryagloka hai| usake Age adhaHsthita hone se adholoka hai, jo sAta rajju se kucha adhika hai tathA . rucaka pradeza kI apekSA nIce aura Upara nau sau-nau sau yojana tirachA hone se 10. gaNitAnuyoga saMpAdakIya pR. 6 11. bhagavatI 11.10.1 evaM vahI 7.1.5 12. prazamarati prakaraNa 2.11 13. bhagavatI 11.10.11 181 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #208
tiryagloka hai| tiryagloka ke Upara kucha kama sAta rajju pramANa UrdhvabhAgavartI hone se Urdhvaloka kahalAtA hai / Urdhva aura adhodizA meM kula U~cAI caudaha rajju jainadarzana kI taraha vizAla jagata ne bhI AkAza ko svIkAra kiyA hai| DaoN.henasA ke anusAra "These four elements (Space, Matter, Time and Medium of motion) are all separate in mind. We can not imagine that the one them could depend on another or converted into another." AkAza, pudgala, kAla aura gati kA mAdhyama (dharma) ye cAroM tattva hamAre mastiSka meM bhinna-bhinna haiM / hama isakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakate ki ye paraspara eka dUsare para nirbhara rahate hoM yA eka dUsare meM parivartita ho sakate hoM / isase jainadarzana ke siddhAnta kI puSTi hotI hai ki sabhI dravya svatantra pariNamana karate haiM aura koI dravya kisI dravya meM dravyAntara nahIM krtaa| jainadarzana loka ko parimita mAnatA hai aura aloka ko aparimita / 16 isakI puSTi vaijJAnika eDiMgTana ne bhI kI hai: "The World is closed in space dimensions. I shall use the phrase arrow to expresss this one way properly which has on analogue in space." dig AyAmoM meM brahmANDa paribaddha hai / eka dizatA ko ThIka prakAra se prastuta karane ke lie maiM tIra saMketa (muhAvare) ko prayukta karUMgA, jisakA dik meM koI sAdRzya nahIM hai| ____ vizva vikhyAta vaijJAnika albarTa AiMsTIna, DI. sITara pIinakera Adi kI loka-aloka ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAe~ haiN| ina mAnyatAoM evaM siddhAntoM kA samanvaya kara dene para jainadarzana meM varNita lokAloka kA svarUpa svataH phalita hone lagatA hai| 14. bhagavatI 11.10.51 pR. 53 15. jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA 16. AgAsaM vajitA savve logAmmi ceva Natthi varhi-go.jI. 583 182 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #209
AiMsTIna ke siddhAntAnusAra vizva belanAkAra, vakra, ekabaddha AkAra ko dhAraNa karane vAlA va sAnta hai / jainadarzana bhI loka AkAza ko vakra tathA sAnta mAnatA hai| AiMsTIna ke maMtavyAnusAra samasta AkAza svayaM sAnta aura paribaddha hai, jabaki jainadarzana ke anusAra samasta AkAza dravya to ananta, asIma aura aparimita hai, mAtra lokAkAza sAnta va baddha hai| kyoMki lokAkAza meM vyApta dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya sAnta parimita tathA baddhAkAra vAle haiN| isa kAraNa loka bhI sAnta parimita tathA baddhAkAra vAlA ho jAtA hai|17 AiMsTIna ke vizva vyApaka siddhAnta meM samasta AkAza avagAhita hai, parantu ica jyoti vaijJAnika "DI. sITara" ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / zUnya (padArtha rahita) AkAza kI vidyamAnatA ko saMbhAvita siddha kiyA hai|18 isa prakAra jahA~ AiMsTIna kA vizva AkAza saMpUrNa rUpa meM avagAhita hai, vahA~ DI. sITara kA vizvAkAMza saMpUrNa rUpa meM avagAhita zUnya hai| jainadarzana lokAkAza ko avagahita mAnatA hai aura alokAkAza ko agAhita zUnya / isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vizva samIkaraNa meM mUlabhUta pada 'lokAkAza kA, va parivarddhita pada 'alokAkAza' kA sUcaka hai| AiMsTIna kA vizva lokAkAza hai aura DI. sITara kA vizva alokAkAza / ina donoM ke vizva kA samanvita rUpa jainadarzana ke vizva lokAlokAkAza meM abhivyakta hotA hai / 19 vizva kI vakratA ke viSaya meM samIkaraNa ke hala vaijJAnikoM ke sAmane yaha samasyA khar3I kara dete haiM ki vakratA dhana hai athavA RNa? dhana vakratA vAlA sAnta aura baddha tathA RNa vakratAvAlA vizva ananta aura khulA pAyA jAtA hai| AiMsTIna kA vizva dhana vakratA vAlA hai, ataH sAnta aura baddha hai| RNa vakratA vAle vizva kI saMbhAvanA bhI vizva samIkaraNa ke AdhAra para huI hai| isa prakAra dhana aura vakratA ke AdhAra para kramazaH 'sAnta aura baddha' tathA "ananta aura khule" vizva kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| lokAkIza kI vakratA dhana aura alokAkAza kI RNa mAnane para jaina darzana kA vizva siddhAnta puSTa ho sakatA hai| lokAkAza kA AkAra 17. jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA 18. phrema yuklIDa TU erDigTana pR. 126 19. jaina prakAza 22.12.68 pR. 56 le. kanhaiyAlAla loDhA . 183 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #210
dhana vakratA vAlA hai, yaha kSetra loka ke gaNitIya vivecana se spaSTa hai| alokAkAza kA AkAra isase svataH RNa vakratA vAlA ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra jaina siddhAnta dhana aura RNa vakratA svIkAra karane vAle vizva siddhAnta kA samanvaya hai / 20. AkAza ko sAnta mAnA gayA hai, phira bhI hama usakI sImA ko nahIM pA sakate / isa siddhAnta ko 'poinakera' ne spaSTa kiyA hai- "apanA vizva eka atyanta vistRta gole ke samAna hai aura vizva meM uSNatAmAna kA vibhAgIkaraNa isa prakAra huA hai ki gole ke kendra meM uSNatAmAna adhika hai. aura isa gole kI sataha kI ora kramazaH ghaTatA huA vizva kI sImA (gole ke aMtima sataha) para vaha vAstavika zUnya ko prApta hotA hai| sabhI padArthoM kA vistAra uSNatAmAna ke anupAta se hotA hai / ata: kendra kI ora se sImA kI ora hama caleMge to hamAre zarIra kA tathA jina padArthoM ke pAsa se hama gujareMge, una padArthoM kA bhI vistAra kramazaH ghaTanA prArambha ho jAyegA, parantu hameM isa parivartana kA koI anubhava nahIM hogA / yadyapi hamArA vega vahI dikhegA, parantu vastutaH vaha ghaTa jAyegA aura hama kabhI sImA taka nahIM pahu~ca paayeNge| ataH yadi anubhava ke AdhAra para kaheM to hamArA vizva ananta hai, parantu vastuvRtyA hama anta ko pA nahIM sakate / hamArI pahu~ca eka sImA taka hai, usake bAda AkAza avazya hai, parantu hamArI pahu~ca se bAhara hai / 129 poinekara ne yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki hamAre vizva ke uSNatAmAna kA vibhAgIkaraNa isa prakAra hai ki jyoM-jyoM hama sImA ke samIpa jAne kA prayatna karate haiM, tyoM-tyoM hamAre vega meM aura vistAra meM kamI hotI hai| pariNAmata: hama sImA ko prApta nahIM kara sakate / ThANAMga meM Aye sUtra ko hama isase jor3a sakate haiM- "loka ke saba antima bhAgoM meM abaddha, pArzva, spaSTa, pudgala hote haiM / lokAnta taka pahu~cate hI saba pudgala svabhAva se hI rUkSa ho jAte haiN| ve gati meM sahAyatA karane kI sthiti meM saMgaThita nahIM ho sakate, isaliye lokAnta se Age pugaloM kI gati nahIM ho sakatI / yaha eka loka sthiti hai / 22 20. jaina bhAratI 15 maI 1966 21. dI necara oNpha dI phijIkala riyAliTI pR. 163, phAuMDezanansa oNpha sAiMsa pR. 175 22. sarvavasu viNaM logatteSu avaddha pAsapuTTA poggalA lukkhatAe kejjAMti jeNaM, jIvA ya poggalA ya No saMcAyaMti bahiyA logaMtA gamaNayAe- evaMppegA logATThitA paNNattA -ThANAMga 0.10 184 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #211
rUkSatva paramANuoM kA mUlaguNa mAnA gayA hai| kucha pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha eka prakAra kA (RNa athavA dhana) vidyut Aveza ho aisA lagatA hai| poinekara ke abhimata ko yadi jainadarzana ke vivecita siddhAnta kA kevala zabdAntara hI mAnA jAya to abaddha, pArzva, spaSTa, pudgala kA artha vAstavika zUnya tApamAna vAle pudgala ho sakatA hai| kucha bhI ho, donoM uktiyoM ke bIca sAmya hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki poinekara ne AkAza kI sAntatA aura parimitatA ke antara ko spaSTa karane ke liye ukta vicAra diyA hai, jabaki jainadarzana ne lokAkAza kI sAntatA aura alokAkAza meM gati, sthiti, abhAva ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM ukta tathya batAyA __bhAva yaha hai ki Adhunika vijJAna jainadarzana meM varNita AkAza ke svarUpa ko svIkAra karatA hai tathA donoM meM samAnatA bhI hai| lokAloka kA paurvAyaparya :___ Arya roha ne pUchA-bhagavan ! prathama loka aura phira aloka banA yA prathama aloka phira loka bnaa| bhagavAn ne kahA-roha ! ye donoM zAzvata haiN| inameM pahale pIche kA krama saMbhava nahIM hai / 24 ___ AkAzAstikAya dravya se jIvoM aura ajIvoM para kyA upakAra hotA hai? * gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se puuchaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-- AkAzAstikAya se hI to pA~coM dravya AdhAra prApta karate haiN| AkAza meM hI to dharma-adharma vyApta hokara rahate haiN| jIvoM ko avagAhana bhI AkAza detA hai| kAla bhI AkAza meM hI baratatA hai| pudgaloM kA raMgamaMca bhI AkAza banA haA dik : AkAza ke jisa bhAga se vastu kA vyapadeza yA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dizA kahalatI hai|26 23. jaina bhAratI 15 maI, 1966 24. bhagavatI 1.6.17.18 25. bhagavatI 13.4.25 26. dizyate vyapadizyate pUrvAditayA vastavanayeti dik-sthA. vRtti 3.3 185 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #212
anudizA aura dizA kI utpatti tiryagloka se hotI hai| dizA kA prArambha AkAza ke do pradezoM se zuru hotA hai| unameM do-pradezoM kI vRddhi hote-hote ve asaMkhya pradezAtmaka bana jAtI haiM / anudizA kevala eka dezAtmaka hotI haiM / Urdhva aura adhodizA kA prArambha cAra pradezoM se hotA hai| bAda meM unameM vRddhi nahIM hotii| AcArAMga kA prArambha hI dizA kI vivecanA ke sAtha huA hai| AcArAMga meM pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, Urdhva aura adhaH dizAoM kA nAmollekha prApta hotA hai|28 jisa vyakti ke jisa ora sUryodaya hotA hai, vaha usake liye pUrva 'jisa tarapha asta hotA hai; vaha pazcima dizA hai / dAhine hAtha kI ora dakSiNa bAIM ora uttara dizA hotI hai| inheM tApa dizA kahA jAtA hai| nimitta kathana Adi prayojana ke liye dizA kA eka prakAra aura hotA hai| prajJApaka jisa ora mu~ha kiye hotA hai use pUrva, usake pRSTha bhAga meM pazcima donoM ora dakSiNa tathA uttara dizA hotI haiM, inheM prajJApaka dizA kahate haiN|" jainadarzana ke anusAra 'dizA' svatantra dravya AkAza kA eka kAlpanika vibhAga hai| ThANAMga meM dizAeM chaha batAyI gayI haiM evaM eka apekSA se dizAeM dasa bhI batAyI gayI haiM-pUrva, pUrva-dakSiNa, dakSiNa, dakSiNa-pazcima, pazcima, pazcimauttara, uttara, uttara-pUrva, Urdhva, adhas / 32 do dizAoM ke madhya kone meM hone se vidizA do dizAoM ke saMyukta nAma se bhI pukArI jAtI haiN| 27. AcArAMga niyukti 42.44 28. AcArAMga 1.1.1 29. AcArAMga niyukti 47.48 30. AcArAMga niyukti 51 31. ThANAMga 6.37 32. ThANAMga 10.31 186 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
vastutaH dizA kA koI svatantra astittva yA svatantra saMkhyA nahIM hai| uparyukta bheda vyavahAra meM pracalita hone se dasa hai| gaNitIya vyavahAra meM 360 aMzoM meM vibhAjita paridhi ko bhI dizA nAma se kahA jA sakatA hai / yaha vibhAga bhI sthUla hI hai, kyoMki gaNita meM eka-eka aMza ke bhI dasa-dasa vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| ye dasa-dasa vibhAga bhI gaNitIya vyavahAra para AdhArita haiM; vAstava meM inakI gaNanA nahIM kI jA sktii| itara darzanoM ke anusAra AkAza :- . jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra AkAza kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt anya bhAratIya darzanoM ne AkAza ko kisa prakAra se vizleSita kiyA hai, yaha jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| nyAya vaizeSika aura AkAzaH' vaizeSika darzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, deza, AtmA aura mana ko dravya mAnA gayA hai| ina dravyoM ke antargata AkAza ko bhI svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA dI gayI hai| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra inake andara zarIradhArI aura azarIrI vastuoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai|3 . AkAza sarvavyApaka bRhattama vistAra yukta hai| AkAza sarvavyApaka hote hue bhI zabda kA utpAdaka hai|35 - AkAza eka sakAma, nirantara, sthAyI, tathA ananta dravya hai| yaha zabda kA adhiSThAna hai| yaha raMga, gaMdha aura sparza se rahita hai| apanayana kI prakriyA dvArA yaha siddha kiyA jAtA hai ki zabda AkAza kA viziSTa guNa hai| yaha niSkriya hai| samasta bhautika dravya isake sAtha saMyukta mAne jAte hai| paramANu atyanta sUkSma haiN| paramANu eka dUsare ke pAsa Akara yA saMyukta hokara kisI bar3e padArtha kA nirmANa nahIM karate / ve eka dUsare se alaga rahate haiM phirabhI kisI prakAra se milakara eka 33. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 187 34. prazastapAdakRta padArtha dharma saMgraha pR. 22 35. tarkadIpikA pR. 14 36. vaizeSika darzana 2.1.27.29.31 37. nyAyasUtra 4.2.21.22 187 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
vyavasthA ko sthira rakhate haiM to mAtra AkAza ke kaarnn| paramANu paraspara saMyukta hote haiM, parantu nirantara nhiiN| vaha jo paramANuoM ko paraspara saMyukta kiye rahatA hai, AkAza hai, parantu yaha AkAza paramANuoM dvArA nirmita nahIM hai| AkAza nitya hai, sarvatra upasthita hai, indriyAtIta hai, jor3ane tathA pRthak karane kA vyaktigata guNa rakhatA hai|38 ... pA~co tattvoM kA mizraNa hI prakRti hai jo hamAre sAmane AtI haiN| inameM AkAza bhI eka tattva hai, jisakA vizeSa guNa ekamAtra zabda hai| zabda guNa kA Azraya dUsarA koI dravya nahIM hai| zabda AkAza kA anumApaka bhI hai| AkAza vibhu jainadarzana bhI AkAza ko sarvagata, nitya, vyApaka, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza rahita mAnatA hai, parantu zabda ko pudgala mAnatA hai na ki AkAza kA guNa / Aja vijJAna ne reDiyo, TI.vI. Adi dvArA zabda taraMgoM ko pakar3akara sthAnAntarita karake yaha siddha bhI kara diyA hai| sAMkhya ka anusAra AkAza : sAMkhya darzana prakRti ke vikAra mAtra ko AkAza kahatA hai| prakRti se buddhi, buddhi se ahaMkAra tathA ahaMkAra se solaha tattva-pA~ca dravyendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~, mana, rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza aura zabda paidA hote haiN| rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza tathA zabda inheM tanmAtrAe~ bhI kahate haiN| ina pA~ca tanmAtrAoM meM se zabda se AkAza kI utpatti hotI hai| pA~ca tanmAtrAoM ke anurUpa pA~ca indriyoM ke pratyakSa ke viSaya haiN| ye bhautika tattva rUpa haiM, parantu sAdhAraNa prANiyoM ke dRSTi kA viSaya nahIM bntii| ina adRzya 38. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 192 39. nyAyasUtra 3.1.60.61 40. bhAratIya darzana : DaoN. ena. ke. devarAja pa. 326 41. SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA. 37.39 42. "svarAnnabhaH" -SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA. 40 evaM zabda tanmAtrAdAkAza sA. kAtti mAta. pR.37 43. bhAratIya darzana, bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 369 188 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
sAratattvoM kA anumAna dRzyamAna padArthoM se hotA hai / tanmAtrAe~ taba taka indriyoM ke liye uttejaka nahIM banatIM jaba taka ki ve paramANuoM kA nirmANa karane ke liye eka dUsare meM saMyukta na ho jAyeM / tamoguNa niSkriya evaM puMja ke atirikta sabhI lakSaNoM se rahita bhI hotA hai / rajoguNa ke sahayoga se yaha parivartita hokara sUkSmadravya kampanazIla tejomaya aura zakti se paripUrNa ho jAtA hai| taba zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, tathA gandha kI tanmAtrAeM utpanna hotI haiN| bhUtAdi tathA tanmAtrAoM ke madhya AkAza saMkramaNa kI kaDI banatI hai| AkAza ke do bheda karate haiM-kAraNAkAza aura kAryAkAza / kAraNAkAza ANavika nahIM hai tathA sarva vyApaka hai| kAryAkAza ANavika hai, jo bhUtAdi athavA puMja ikAIyoM aura zabda ke sAratattvoM ke mela se banA hai / zabda ke sAratattva kAraNAkAza meM ruke hue rahate haiM tathA vAyu ke aNuoM ke liye vikAsa kA mAdhyama banate haiM / " jainadarzana sAMkhya kI AkAza vivecanA se asahamata hai| usake anusAra AkAza ko prakRti kA vikAra mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / nitya aura niSkriya ananta prakRti ke AtmA kI taraha vikAra ho nahIM sakatA / AkAza kA na AvirbhAva hotA hai na tirobhAva / jisa prakAra ghar3A prakRti kA vikAra hokara anitya, mUrtta aura asarvagata hotA hai, usI taraha AkAza ko bhI honA caahiye| yA AkAza kI taraha ghaTa ko nitya amUrta aura sarvagata honA caahiye| eka kAraNa se do paraspara atyanta virodhI vikAra nahIM ho sakate / advaita vedAnta aura AkAza : yaha mata dvaita ko svIkAra nahIM karatA / dvaitaparaka jagat kevala mAyA hai / brahma eka hI hai, aneka jIvoM meM vibhakta pratIta honA adhyAsamAtra hai| advaita vedAnta meM AtmA kI tulanA sarvavyApI deza (AkAza) se kI gayI hai aura jIva kI tulanA ghar3e meM sImita deza (AkAza) ke sAtha kI gayI hai| jaba DhaMkanevAlA bAhya AvaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai to sImAbaddha deza (ghaTAkAza) vyApaka deza (mahAkAza) meM mila jAtA hai| bheda kevala aise AnuSaMgika padArthoM meM rahate haiM, jaise-AkRti, kSamatA, nAma / parantu svayaM vyApaka AkAza meM yaha bheda nahIM hotaa| jaise hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki sImAbaddha AkAza vyApaka AkAza kA avayava hai yA vikAra hai| ye donoM eka hI haiM, bheda pratIti mAtra haiM / 5 isI prakAra 'jIva' AtmA kA avayava yA 44. pojeTiva sAiMsesa oNpha dI hindUja zIla, uddhRta bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana pR. 269-70 45. ta. rA. 5.18.13.468 189 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
vikAra hai-aisA hama nahIM kaha sakate / ye donoM eka haiM, bheda pratItimAtra hai, hA~! vyAvahArika bheda avazya hai|6 AcArya zaMkara ne brahma ko jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA hai| isI brahma se AkAzAdi bhUtaprapaMca kI utpatti hotI hai| AkAza eka hai, ananta hai, laghu aura sUkSma hai, kriyArahita, sarvavyApaka aura sabase prathama utpanna padArtha hai|48 .. - jainadarzana vedAnta kI AkAza vyavasthA se sahamata nahIM hai, kyoMki cetana se acetana tattva kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai? AkAza zAzvata aura vibhu hai, phira vaha samaya-vizeSa meM utpanna kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? AkAza svayaM svatantra aura SaDdravyoM meM se eka dravya hai| . bauddha mata aura AkAza :- bauddha darzana ke anusAra tattva cAra haiM, pRthvI jo kaThora hai, jala jo zItala hai, agni jo uSNa hai, vAyu jo gatimAn hai / AkAza ko ve nahIM mAnate, parantu kaI vAkyoM meM nirapekSa AkAza ko bhI jor3a dete haiN| buddha kA kahanA thA "he Ananda! yaha mahAn pRthvI jala para Azrita hai, jala vAyu para Azrita hai aura vAyu AkAza para Azrita hai"| AkAza kA vivecana eka anya apekSA se bhI AtA hai| "nAgasena! isa saMsAra meM aise prANI pAe jAte haiM jo karma ke dvArA isa janma meM Aye haiM, dUsare aise haiM jo kisI ke pariNAma ke rUpa meM Aye haiM, parantu do vastue~ aisI haiM jo ina donoM kI zreNI meM nahIM AtI- eka hai AkAza aura dUsarA hai nirvANa / "51 . parantu vaibhASika aura sautrAntika do loka mAnate haiM aura inameM paraspara bheda karate haiM-bhAjanaloka jo vastuoM kA AvAsa sthAna hai aura sattvaloka jojIvita prANiyoM kA saMsAra hai| bhAjanaloka sattvaloka kI sevA ke lie hai|52 46. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 455 47. bhAratIya darzana DaoN. ena. ke. devarAja pR. 495 48. zAMkarabhASya 2.3.7 49. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 350 50. dIghanikAya 207 51. milinda 4 52. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 567-68 190 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
AkAza sabhI prakAra ke bheda se svatantra evaM ananta hai / yaha nitya, sarvavyApaka aura bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai / yadyapi isakA koI rUpa nahIM hai phira bhI yaha sat hai / yaha bhautika padArtha bhI nahIM hai / 53 jainadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki AkAza AvaraNa bhAvamAtra nahIM hai, kintu vastubhUta hai / jisa prakAra se nAma aura vedanA Adi amUrta hone se anAvaraNa rUpa hokara bhI sat hai / usI prakAra AkAza bhI sat hai / 54 AkAzastikAya kI siddhi loka kI do prakAra se vyutpatti kI jAtI hai / jahA~ puNya pApa karmoM kA sukha-duHkharUpa phala dekhA jAtA hai, vahaloka hai| isa vyutpatti meM loka kA artha huA-AtmA evaM jo padArthoM ko dekhe / jAne vaha loka arthAt AtmA / ina donoM hI vyutpattiyoM se 'jIva' ko hI lokasaMjJA prApta hotI hai, tathApi anya dravyoM ko na to aloka kahA jAyegA aura na chaH dravyoM kA samUha loka / isakA virodha hogA, kyoMki paramparA meM kriyA vyutpatti kA nimitta mAtra hotI hai, jaise'gacchatIti gauH ' - isa vyutpatti se na to sabhI calane vAle gAya kahe jA sakate haiM aura na baiThI huI gAya gAya rUpa se bhinna kahI jA sakatI hai / isI taraha 'loka' zabda kI uparokta vyutpatti karane para bhI dharmAdi dravyoM kA lokatva naSTa nahIM hotA / AtmA svayaM ke svarUpa kA lokana karatA hai / aura sarvajJa bAhya padArthoM kA evaM svayaM ke svarUpa kA lokana karatA hai / 55 * - jo dekhA jAya vaha loka, aisI vyutpatti karane meM aloka ko bhI loka kahanA cAhiye kyoMki aloka ko bhI sarvajJa dekhatA hai| isa prazna kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki lokasaMjJA rUpa hai, vyutpatti mAtra nimitta hai / athavA yaha samAdhAna bhI hotA hai ki "jahA~ baiTha kara sarvajJa dekhe vaha loka" aisI vyutpatti karane meM bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| kyoMki aloka meM baiThakara to kevalI loka ko dekhatA nahIM hai / 56 1 53. vahI pR. 568 54. ta. rA. vA. 5.11.467-68 55. ta. rA. vA. 5.12.10-14455 56. ta. rA. vA. 5.12.15-16455-56 191 For Personal & Private Use Only

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yahA~ yaha prazna hI sakatA haiM ki AkAza utpanna nahIM hotA, ataH kharaviSANa kI taraha usakA abhAva hI honA cAhiye / isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki AkAza ko anutpanna kahanA asiddha hai, kyoMki dravyArthika kI gauNatA aura paryAyArthika kI mukhyatA hone para agurulaghu guNoM kI vRddhi aura hAni ke nimitta se svapratyaya utpAda-vyaya aura avagAhaka jIvapudgaloM ke pariNamana ke anusAra parapratyaya AkAza meM utpAda-vyaya hote rahate haiN| jaise ki antima samaya meM asarvajJatA kA vinAza hokara kisI manuSya kI sarvajJatA utpanna huI tojo AkAza pahale anupalabhya thA vahI bAda meM upalabhya ho gyaa| ataH AkAza bhI anupalabhyatvena vinaSTa hokara upalabhyatvena utpanna huaa| isa taraha usameM parapratyaya bhI utpAda-vinAza karate rahate haiN|50 kAla dravya : jainadarzana SaDdravyasiddhAnta mAnatA hai| kAla cauthA ajIva dravya hai jisakA vivecana yahA~ hama karane jA rahe haiN| jainadarzana kI zvetAmbara aura digambara-donoM hI paramparAoM ne kAladravya ko svIkAra to kiyA hai, parantu kAladravya kI svatantratA para matabheda hai| jainadarzana meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArA kAla ke saMbandha meM pAyI jAtI hai, kucha AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnate haiM aura kucha AcArya kAla ko svatantra dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate / ina do vicAradhArAoM ke bAvajUda isameM sabhI ekamata haiM ki 'kAla' dravya avazya hai| ___ prathama vicAradhArA ke samarthaka kundakundAcArya, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnandI, nemIcandra evaM AgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra aura uttarAdhyayanasUtra haiM, to dvitIya vicAradhArA ke samarthaka AcAryoM meM umAsvAti, siddhasena divAkara, jinabhadragaNi Adi aura AgamagranthoM meM ThANAMga aura jIvAbhigama haiN| ina donoM vicAradhArAoM kA evaM kAla ke svarUpa kA hama vivecana kreNge| ___ThANAMga ke TippaNa ke 8 anusAra kAla vAstavika dravya nahIM hai, vaha aupacArika dravya hai / vastutaH vaha jIva aura ajIva kA paryAya hai| isalie use 57. ta.rA.vA. 5.18.10.467 58. ThANAMga TippaNa naM.122 pR. 140 192 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIva aura ajIva donoM kahA hai|59 ___paMcAstikAya meM kundakundAcArya ne kAla kI dUsarI vicAradhArA ko hI puSTa kiyA hai| kAla pariNAma se utpanna hotA hai aura pariNAma dravyakAla se utpanna hotA hai| kAla kSaNabhaMgura bhI hai aura nitya bhii|60 ise amRtacandrAcArya ne vizeSa spaSTa kiyA hai-vyavahArakAla jIva aura pudala ke dvArA spaSTa hotA hai aura nizcayakAla jIva pudgaloM ke pariNAma kI anyathA anupapatti dvArA (jIva aura pudgala ke pariNAma anyathA nahIM bana sakate isalie) nizcita hotA hai| kAla nitya aura kSaNika kyoM aura kaise haiM? ise bhI kundakundAcArya ne spaSTa kiyA hai- 'kAla' yaha kathana sadbhAva kA preraka hai, ataH nitya hai (yaha nizcayakAla kI apekSA se hai)| utpannadhvaMsI vyavahArakAla (yadyapi kSaNika hai, phira bhI) pravAha apekSA dIrghasthiti-yukta bhI kahA jAtA hai / 61 kundakundAcArya ne agale zloka meM dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva kI taraha kAla ko bhI dravya to mAnA hai, parantu kAya nhiiN|62 AcArya umA svAti ne yadyapi ajIva dravyoM ke antargata kAla ko nahIM ginAyA thA, para Age jAkara unhoMne sUtra meM 'ca' zabda kA prayoga karate hue kAla ko bhI dravya ke rUpa meM mAnyatA de dii|63 pravacanasAra meM kundakundAcArya ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki eka samaya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kAla meM sadA pAye jAte haiN| ataH kAlANu kA apanA svatantra astitva hai|64 bhASyakAra akalaMka ne 'kAla' "dravya kyoM hai?" isakA kAraNa bhI batA diyA hai| "utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat"aura "guNaparyAyavadravyaM"-ina lakSaNoM se yukta hone se AkAza Adi kI taraha kAla bhI dravya hai| kAla meM dhrauvya to 59. ThANAMga 2.387 60. paMcAstikAya vRtti 100 61. paM. kA. 101 62. paM. kA. 102 63. ta.sU. 5.16 64. pravacanasAra 143 193 For Personal & Private Use Only

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svapratyaya hai hI; kyoMki vaha svabhAva meM sadA vyavasthita rahatA hai / vyaya aura utpAda agurulaghuguNoM kI hAni - vRddhi kI apekSA svapratyaya hai tathA para dravyoM meM vartanAhetu hone se parapratyaya bhI hai| kAla meM acetanatva, amUrttatva, sUkSmatva, agurulaghutva Adi sAdhAraNa guNa aura vartanAhetutva asAdhAraNa guNa pAye jAte haiM / vyaya aura utpAda rUpa paryAyeM bhI kAla meM barAbara hotI rahatI haiM; ataH vaha dravya hai / 65 yahA~ eka anya prazna aura hotA hai ki yadi 'kAla' dravya hai to use dharma aura adharma Adi ke sAtha kyoM nahI spaSTa kiyA? pUjyapAda ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra diyA hai- "yadi vahA~ kAla dravya kA kathana karate to ise kAyayukta mAnanA par3atA aura kAladravya meM mukhya athavA upacAra donoM rUpa se pradezapracaya kI kalpanA kA abhAva hai / dharmAdi ko mukhyarUpa se pradezapracaya kahA hai aura aNu ko upacAra se / parantu kAla meM donoM nahIM haiM ataH kAla nahIM hai / " dUsarA samAdhAna yaha hai ki "niSkriyANi ca 66 isa sUtra dvArA dharma se lekara AkAza taka ke ajIva dravyoM ko niSkriya kahane para jaise avaziSTa bace jIva aura pudgala ko svataH sakriyatva prApta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAla ke sakriyatvaM kI apatti hotI / AkAza se pahale bhI kAla ko nahIM rakha sakate / "AkAza taka eka dravya hai"67 - isa sUtra ke anusAra yadi kAla ko AkAza se pahale rakhate to kAla bhI 'eka' dravya hotA, jaba ki jainasiddhAnta ke anusAra kAla dravya saMkhyA meM ananta / ina sabhI doSoM se bacane ke lie 'kAla' kA alaga se grahaNa karene ke lie pRthak sUtra banAyA gayA hai / 68 kAla kA lakSaNa : uttarAdhyayana meM kAla kA lakSaNa vartanA batAyA gayA hai / " tattvArthasUtra meM svAti ne kAla ke lakSaNa vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva mAne haiN| 65. ta. rA. vA. 5.391-2501 66. ta.sU. 5-7 67. ta. sU. 5.6 68. sa. si. 5.39602 69. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28.10 70. vartanA pariNAma kriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya / - ta. sU. 522 194 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vartanA kA svarUpa :___ "pratyeka dravya pratyeka paryAya meM prati samaya jo svasattA kI anubhUti karatA hai, use vartanA kahate haiN| pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA anubhava karatA hai| dharmAdi dravya apane anAdi yA AdimAn paryAyoM meM utpAdavyaya-dhrauvya rUpa se pariNata hote rahate haiN| yahI svasattAnubhUta vartanA hai| sAdRzyopacAra se pratikSaNa 'vartanA' - aisA anugata vyavahAra hone se yadyapi vaha eka kahI jAtI hai, para vastutaH pratyeka dravya kI apanI-apanI vartanA alaga hotI hai|71 vartanA kA anumAna hama isa prakAra se lagA sakate haiM- jaise cAvala ko pakAne ke lie bartana meM DAlA, vaha AdhA ghaNTe meM paka gayA to yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki 29 miniTa taka to vaha jyoM kA tyoM rahA, mAtra antima samaya meM paka kara bhAta bana gyaa| usameM prathama samaya se hI sUkSmarUpa se pAkakriyA prArambha thI, yadi prathama samaya meM pAka na huA hotA to dUsare tIsare kSaNoM meM saMbhava hI nahIM ho sakatA thA, aura isa taraha pAka kA abhAva ho jaataa| yaha vartanAlakSaNayukta kAla paramArtha kAla hai|73 .. dravya kI paryAya badalatI hai aura use badalAne vAlA kAla hai| yadi aisA hai to kAla kriyAvAn dravya ho jAtA hai, jaise ziSya par3hatA hai, upAdhyAya par3hAte haiM, yahA~ upAdhyAya kriyAvAn dravya hai| pUjyapAda isa AzaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM- yaha koI doSa nahIM hai kyoMki nimittamAtra meM hetu karttArUpa kathana (vyapadeza) dekhA jAta hai "jaise kuMDe ko agni pakAtI hai" yahA~ kuMDe kI agni nimittamAtra hai, usI prakAra kAla bhI hetukartA hai| pariNAma kA svarUpa : - apanI svadravyatva jAti ko na chor3ate hue dravya meM jo svAbhAvika yA prAyogika parivartana hotA hai, use pariNAma kahate haiM / dravyatva jAti yadyapi dravya se bhinna nahIM hai, phira bhI dravyArthika kI avivakSA aura paryAyArthika kI pradhAnatA meM 71. ta.rA.vA. 5.22.4.477 72. ta.rA.vA. 5.22.5.477 73: paramArthakAlo vartanAlakSaNaH -sa.si. 5.22.569 74. sa.si. 5.22.569 For Personal & Private Use Only

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usakA vyavahAra pRthak ho jAtA hai| pariNAma kA tAtparya hai- apanI maulika sattA ko na chor3ate hae pUrvaparyAya kA vinAza aura uttaraparyAya kA utpanna honaa| pariNAma do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka anAdi, dUsarA AdimAn / loka kI racanA, sumeruparvata Adi ke AkAra anAdi pariNAma hai / AdimAn pariNAma do prakAra kA hai- eka prayogajanya aura dUsarA svAbhAvika / cetana dravya ke aupazamikAdibhAva jo mAtra karmoM ke upazama Adi kI apekSA se hote haiM; jinameM puruSaprayatna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, ve svAbhAvika pariNAma kahalAte haiN| jJAna, zIla, bhAvanA Adi guru ke upadeza se hote haiN| ataH ye prayogaja pariNAma haiN| isI prakAra miTTI Adi meM kumhAra dvArA hone vAlA acetana pariNamana prayogaja acetana pariNamana hai / indradhanuSa Adi pariNamana svAbhAvika acetana pariNamana kriyA kA svarUpa : ___ bAhya aura Abhyantara nimittoM se dravya meM hone vAlA parispandAtmaka pariNamana 'kriyA' hai / vaha do prakAra kI hai- prAyogika aura svAbhavika / bailagAr3I Adi meM prAyogika tathA bAdala Adi meM svAbhAvika kriyA hotI hai|76 paratva tathA aparatva kA svarUpaH paratva aura aparatva kSetrakRta bhI haiM au guNakRta bhii| kSetra kI apekSA 'para' kA artha dUravartI evaM 'apara' kA samIpavartI kahAM jAtA hai / guNa kI apekSA se ahiMsA Adi prazasta guNoM ke kAraNa dharma ko 'para', aura adharma ko 'apara' kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kAlakRta paratva-aparatva bhI hotA hai| jaise sau sAla kA vRddha 'para' aura solaha sAla kA yuvaka 'apara' hai| ina tIna prakAra ke paratvAparatva meM se kAlakRta paratvAparatva hI liyA jAnA caahiye| tarkabhASA meM bhI paratvAparatva kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isameM paratva aura aparatva ko do prakAra se mAnA gayA hai- kAlika paratva aura kAlika aparatva 75. ta.vA. 5.22.10.477.78 76. rA.vA. 5.22,19.481 evaM sa.si. 5.22.569 77. rA.vA. 5.22 22.481 78. kAlopakAraNAt kAlakRte'ya paratvApatve gRhtvete|- ta.rA.vA. 5.22.22.481 196 For Personal & Private Use Only

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tathA dezika paratva aura dezika aparatva / kAlika arthAt samaya se saMbandha rakhanevAlA tathA dezika arthAt sthAna se saMbandha rakhane vaalaa| jaise Ayu kA bar3apanna kAla kA dyotaka hotA hai, ata: kAlika paratva kahA jAtA hai aura Ayu meM choTepana ko kAlika aparatva kahA jAtA hai| isI taraha dezika paratva tathA dezika aparatva ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| pariNAma ke saMbaMdha meM kucha tarka : kucha zaMkAkAra yahA~ pariNAma jo ki kAla kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai, ko lekara prazna karate haiM ki bIja aMkura meM hai yA nahIM? yadi hai to vaha aMkura nahIM kahA jA sakatA, yadi nahIM hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki bIja aMkura rUpa se pariNata nahIM huA; kyoMki usameM bIja svabhAvataH nahIM hai| isa prakAra astitva-nAstitva donoM pakSa meM doSa aayeNge| ___AcArya akalaMka isakA samAdhAna karate haiM ki kathaMcit astitva-nAstitva meM doSoM kA Agamana saMbhava nahIM hai| 'sadasadvAda' narasiMha kI taraha jAtyantara rUpa hai| ise zAlibIjAdi ke udAharaNa dvArA aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise zAlibIjAdi dravyArthika dRSTi se aMkura meM bIja haiM, yadi usakA saMpUrNataH vinAza ho gayA hotA to zAli kA aMkura kyoM kahalAtA ? zAlibIja aura zAlyaMkura rUpa paryAyArthika dRSTi se aMkura meM bIja nahIM hai; kyoMki bIja kA yadi pariNamana nahIM huA hotA to aMkura kahA~ se AtA? bIja aMkura se bhinna hai yA abhinna? yadi bhinna hai to vaha bIz2a kA pariNamana nahIM kahA jA sktaa| agara abhinna hai to use aMkura nahIM kaha skte| kahA bhI hai- yadi bIja svayaM pariNata huA hai to aMkura bIja se bhinna nahIM ho sakatA; parantu aisA nahIM hai| yadi bhinna hai to use aMkura nahIM kaha sakate, isa prakAra pariNAma siddha nahIM ho sktaa|9. - isakA samAdhAna tattvArthavArtika meM isa prakAra upalabdha hotA hai- isakA samAdhAna bhI syAdvAda meM prApta ho jAtA hai ki aMkura kI utpatti ke pahale bIja meM aMkura paryAya nahIM thI, bAda meM utpanna huii| ata: paryAya kI dRSTi se aMkura bIja se bhinna hai, aura cU~ki zAlibIja kI jAtivAlA hI aMkura utpanna huA hai, anya 79. tarka bhASA pR. 188 evaM prazastapAdakRta padArtha dharma saMgraha pR. 164 se aage| 197 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nahIM, ataM dravya kI dRSTi se abhinna bhii| 1 pariNAma mAnA jA sakatA hai, parantu pariNAma meM vRddhi nahIM mAnA jA sakatI / yadi bIja aMkura rUpa se pariNata hotA hai to dUdha ke pariNAma dahI kI taraha aMkura ko bIjamAtra hI honA cAhiye bar3A nhiiN| kahA bhI hai- yadi bIja aMkuratva ko prApta hotA hai to choTe bIja se bar3A aMkura kaise bana sakegA? yadi pArthiva aura jalIya rasa se aMkura kI vRddhi kahI jAtI hai to kahanA hogA ki vaha bIja kA pariNAma nahIM hogaa| pArthiva aura jalIya tathA anya rasa dravyoM ke saMcaya se vRddhi kI kalpanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai / jaise lAkha ke lapeTane se bhI kASTha moTA avazya ho jAtA hai aura rasa bar3hate haiM to phira bIja kyA karate haiN| isa bIja vRddhi kA samAdhAna yaha hai ki jaise manuSyAyu aura nAmakarma ke udaya se utpanna bAlaka bAhyasUryaprakAza aura mA~ ke dUdha Adi ko apanI bhItarI pAcanazakti se pacAtA huA AhArAdi dvArA bar3hatA hai, usI prakAra vanaspati bhI Ayu karma aura nAmakarma ke udaya se bIcAzrita jIva aMkurarUpa se utpanna hokara bhI pArthiva aura jalIya rasabhAga ko khIMcatA huA bAhyasUryaprakAza aura AMtarika pAcanazakti ke anusAra unheM jIrNa karatA huA apane khAda ke anusAra bar3hatA hai / pariNamana saMbandhI vRddhidoSa bhI ekAntavAdiyoM meM AtA hai / anekAntavAda aMkurAdi sabhI dravyadRSTi se nitya haiM, parantu paryAyadRSTi se anitya / 1 yahA~ eka prazna aura uThatA hai ki jaba pariNamana aura vartanA donoM hI parivartana ko hI sUcita karate haiM to unheM alaga-alaga mAnane kI kyA tuka hai? isakA samAdhAna vartanA aura pariNAma meM antara ko spaSTa kara ke diyA jA sakatA hai| vartanA aura pariNAma meM bheda : 1. sthUlatA evaM sUkSmatA - vartanA aura pariNAma yadyapi parivartana ko hI sUcita karate haiM phira bhI inameM sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA kA aMtara hai / vartanA sUkSmatA ko iMgita karatI hai aura pariNamana sthUlatA ko, jaise bAlaka se yuvaka / 80. ta. rA. vA. 5.22.11.478 81. ta. rA. vA. 5.22.15.16.479.80 198 For Personal & Private Use Only

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2. bhinnapramANagrAhyatva - vartanA aura pariNAma meM pramANa kA bhI antara haiM / vartanA ko pratyakSa pramANa se nahIM jAna sakate, apitu usakA anumAna karanA par3atA hai, jabaki pariNAma ko hama pratyakSa pramANa se jAna sakate haiN| jaise miTTI kA ghaTa ke rUpa meM pariNamana pariNAma hai aura miTTI kA astitva meM bane rahanA vartanA hai / gati aura sthiti kriyA kA jaba pariNAma meM antarbhAva hotA hai to parispandAtmaka kriyA bhI usI ke antargata A sakatI hai| aise meM mAtra pariNAma kA nirdeza karanA cAhiye / kriyA kI alaga se kyA AvazyakatA hai? isakA samAdhAna tattvArthavArtika meM isa prakAra diyA hai ki parispandAtmaka aura aparispandAtmaka- donoM prakAra ke bhAvoM kI sUcanA ke liye kriyA kA pRthak grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai / parispanda kriyA hai aura anya pariNAma / 82 vartanA Adi dvArA kAla kA anumAna hotA hai| kAla kA lakSaNa yahI batAyA hai ki jisase mUrttadravyoM kA upacaya aura apacaya lakSita hotA hai vaha kAla hai / 83 kAla akhaMDapradezI nahIM hai : AkAza kI taraha kAla akhaMDa aura ekpradezI nahIM hai, kyoMki eka pudgala paramANu eka AkAzapradeza se dUsare AkAzapradeza para jAtA hai aura isameM jo samaya lagatA hai, agara gaharAI meM jAkara dekheM to yaha samaya hI kAladravya kI paryAya hai / yaha atisUkSma hone se niraMza bhI hai / yadi kAladravya ko lokAkAza ke barAbara akhaMDa aura eka mAnA jAtA hai to isa akhaMDa samayaparyAya kI niSpatti nahIM hotI, kyoMki pugala paramANu jaba eka kAlANu ko chor3akara dUsare kAlANu ke prati gamana karatA hai, taba vahA~ donoM kAlANu pRthak-pRthak hone se samaya kA bheda bana jAtA hai aura yadi eka akhaMDa loka ke barobara kAladravya ho to samaya paryAya kI siddhi kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai, arthAt nahIM ho sakatI / yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki kAladravya lokapramANa asaMkhyAta pradezI hai, usake eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza ke prati jAne para samaya paryAya kI siddhi ho jAyegI ? 82. ta. rA. vA. 5.22.20, 21.481 83. "yena mUrtAnAmupacayAzcApacayAzca lakSyante sa kAlaH" rA. vA. 5.23 pR. 481 ( uddhRta ) 199 For Personal & Private Use Only

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isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki eka akhaMDa dravya ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM jAne para samaya paryAya kA bheda nahIM bntaa| ataH samaya paryAya meM bheda siddha karane ke lie kAla dravya ko aNurUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kAla do prakAra kA hai- vyavahArakAla aura nizcayakAla / hama vyavahAra ke svarUpa bheda aura prabheda ko pratyakSa anubhava kara sakate haiM, parantu nizcayakAla kI prakRti vyavahArakAla dvArA hI anumAnita kI jAtI hai| usakI prakRti, svarUpa sabakucha indriyAtIta haiM / eka-eka samaya kA samuccaya Avali, pala Adi kAla kA jo vyavahAra hai, vaha vyavahArakAla hai, ise samayaparyAya bhI kaha sakate haiN| yaha samayaparyAya hI nizcayakAla kA jJAna karAtI hai| ___yahA~ eka yaha bhI tarka diyA jA sakatA hai ki kAlANu ko na mAnakara mAtra samayaparyAya rUpa vRtti hI svIkAra kareM to kyA kaThinAI hai? isakA samAdhAna amRtacandrAcArya ne yaha diyA hai ki mAtra vRtti (samayarUpa pariNati) kAla nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki vRtti vRttimAn ke binA nahIM ho sktii| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vRttimAn ke binA bhI vRti ho sakatI hai, to yaha prazna hogA ki 'vRtti' to utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya kI ekatA svarUpa honI caahiye| akelI 'vRtti' utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya kI ekatArUpa kaise ho sakatI hai? athavA yaha kahA jAya ki anAdi ananta anantara (paraspara antara hue binA eka ke bAda eka pravartamAna) aneka aMzoM ke kAraNa ekAtmatA hotI hai isalie pUrva-pUrva ke aMzoM kA nAza hotA hai aura uttara-uttara aMzoM kA utpAda hotA hai tathA ekAtmakatA rUpa dhrauvya rahatA hai, isa prakAra akelI vRtti bhI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI ekatAsvarUpa ho sakatI hai, parantu aisA saMbhava nahIM hai| jisa aMza meM nAza hai aura jisa aMza meM utpAda hai, ve do aMza eka sAtha pravRtta nahIM ho sakate / ataH utpAda aura vyaya kA aikya saMbhava nahIM hai, tathA naSTa aMza ke sarvathA samApta hone para aura utpanna hone vAle aMza kA apane svarUpa ko prApta na hone se nAza aura utpAda kI ekatA meM pravartamAna dhrauvya kahA~ se AyegA? aisA hone para trilakSaNAtmakatA nahIM rhegii| ___ ataH ina dUSaNoM ke parihAra ke liye vRttimAn svIkAra karanA anivArya hai, ___84. sa. si. 5.39 pR. 241 kA vizeSa vivecana - 200 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aura vaha vRttimAna pradeza hI hai, kyoMki jo apradeza haiM unameM utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya nahIM ho sakatA / 5 ataH hameM kAla ko eka pradezI ke rUpa meM to svIkAra karanA hI hai, kyoMki pradeza rahita dravya to zUnya hotA hai / 86 kAla ananta samayayukta hai : kAla ko anantasamaya yukta kahA gayA hai| " kAla anantasamaya vAlA kisa apekSA se hai ise pUjyapAda ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai- vartamAna kAla to yadyapi eka samaya vAlA hai, parantu atIta aura anAgata to ananta samaya vAlA hai / ataH atIta aura anAgata kI apekSA kAla anantasamaya yukta aura vartamAna kI apekSA eka samayayukta hai / " kAla ke prakAra : kAla ke bheda kI carcA bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra upalabdha hotI hai| jaba bhagavAn se yaha prazna pUchA ki kAla kitane prakAra kA hai? sudarzana kI isa zaMkA bhagavAn ne kAla ke nimna cAra bheda batAte hue samAdhAna kiyA 1. pramANakAla 2. yathAyurnivRtti kAla 3. maraNakAla 4. aura addhAkAla" 1. pramANakAla - pramANakAla do prakAra kA hai, divasa pramANakAla aura rAtripramANakAla | jisase rAtri, divasa, varSa, zatavarSa Adi kA pramANa jAnA jAya, use pramANakAla kahate haiM / 2. yathAyurnivRttikAla - AtmA ne jisa prakAra kI Ayu kA bandha bAMdhA hai, usI prakAra usakA pAlana karanA, bhoganA, yathAyurnivRtti kAla hai / 85. pra. sA.tA. pR. 144 86. pra. sA. 144 87. ta. sU. 5.40 88. sa. si. 5.40.604 89. sa. si. 11.11.77 90. bhagavatI 11.117.8 201 For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. maraNakAla- zarIra kA jIva se yA jIva kA zarIra se viyukta honA, alaga honA maraNakAla hai| 4. addhAkAla- addhAkAla aneka prakAra kA hai| sUryacandra Adi kI gati se saMbandha rakhane vAlA addhAkAla hai| kAla kA mukhya rUpa addhAkAla hai, zeSa tInoM isake viziSTa rUpa haiN| addhAkAla vyAvahArika hai, vaha manuSyaloka meM hI hotA hai, aura isalie manuSyaloka ko samayakSetra kahA jAtA hai| nizcayakAla-kAla jIva-ajIva kA paryAya hai, vaha lokAloka vyApI hai, usake vibhAga nahIM hote| samaya se lekara pudgala parAvartana taka ke jitane vibhAga haiM, vesaba addhAkAla ke haiN| samaya use kahate haiM jo avibhAjya haiN| isako kamalazatapatrabhedanyAya-kamalapatroM ke bhedana evaM vastravidAraNa dvArA spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai(ka) eka dUsare se saTe hue sau kamala ke pattoM ko koI balavAn vyakti suI se cheda detA hai, taba aisA hI lagatA hai ki saba patte eka sAtha chida gaye, parantu vAstava meM aisA nahIM hotA ki saba patte eka sAthra chida gye| jisa samaya pahalA pattA chedA gayA, usa samaya dUsarA nhiiN| sabhI alaga-alaga samaya meM hI chede jAte haiM aura yaha kramazaH hotA hai| (kha) eka kalAkuzala yuvA aura baliSTha julAhA jIrNa-zIrNa vastra yA sAr3I ko zIghra hI phAr3a detA hai aura itanI zIghra yaha kriyA hotI hai ki aisA lagatA hai ki eka hI samaya meM sArA vastra phaTa gayA, parantu aisA hotA nhiiN| vastra aneka tantuoM se banatA hai, jaba taka Upara ke tantu nahIM phaTate, taba taka nIce ke tantu nahIM phaTate / ataH yaha nizcita hai ki vastra phaTane meM kAla-bheda hotA vastra aneka tantuoM kA banA hotA hai| pratyeka tantu meM aneka reze hote haiN| usameM bhI Upara kA rezA pahale chidatA hai, taba kahIM usake nIce kA rezA chidatA hai| ananta paramANuoM ke milana kA nAma saMghAta hai / ananta saMghAtoM kA eka samudAya aura ananta samudAyoM kI eka samiti hotI hai aura aisI 91. bhagavatI 11.11.46 202 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ananta samitiyoM ke saMgaThana se tantu ke Upara kA eka rezA banatA hai| ina sabakA chedana kramazaH hotA hai| tantu ke pahale reze ke chedana meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai, usakA atyanta sUkSma aMza yAnI asaMkhyAtavAM bhAga samaya kahalAtA kAla kA upakAra :- kriyA mAtra kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hai| cAhe padArtha sajIva hoM yA nirjIva hoM, unameM parivartana to kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava hai| vaha kAla sUkSma bhI ho sakatA hai, sthUla bhii| parantu isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM ki yaha kisI padArtha meM balapUrvaka parivartana lAtA hai|92 parivartana do prakAra kA hotA hai- kSetrAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka / kSetrAtmaka parivartana kabhI-kabhI aura kahIM-kahIM saMbhava hotA hai, parantu bhAvAtmaka parivartana sarvatra aura sadaiva rahatA hai| kSetrAtmaka parivartana kisI-kisI padArtha meM hotA hai| parantu bhAvAtmaka parivartana sadA padArthoM meM hotA hai| cAhe vaha mUrtika ho yA amUrttika / 13 bhAvAtmaka parivartana,do prakAra kA hotA hai- sUkSma tathA sthUla / sUkSma parivartana vaha hai jo pratipala padArthoM meM hotA hai, sthUla parivartana pratIti meM A jAtA hai| hama indriyajJAna se sthUla parivartana dekha sakate haiM / parantu isase yaha nahIM samajheM ki sUkSma parivartana hotA hI nhiiN| sUkSma ke abhAva meM sthUla parivartana saMbhava nahIM hai / sthUla parivartana jIva aura pudgala meM hI hotA hai, parantu sUkSma parivartana to chahoM dravyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| kyoMki utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvya yukta hI dravya ho sakatA hai| sUkSma tathA sthUla donoM prakAra ke parivartana meM kAla hI upakArI yA sahAyaka hai| kriyA meM sahAyaka kAla hai:- jitanI bhI kriyAe~ hotI haiM, ve saba kAla ke kAraNa hI saMbhava haiN|15 yadi kAla na ho to hamArI gatikriyA yA Ayu saMbandhI kisI prakAra kA anukrama nahIM bana skegaa| yahA~ eka prazna ho sakatA hai ki AkAza 92. bhagavatI a. vRtti pR. 535 93. dhavalA 4.1.5.1.7.3.317 94. padArtha vijJAna- le. jinendravarNI pR. 196.97 95, jainendra siddhAMtakoSa pR. 83 203 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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pradeza se dravyoM meM vartanA hotI hai? (jaise suI kA kAMTA eka sthAna se Age bar3hatA huA dUsare kAMTe taka pahu~catA hai aura donoM kAMToM ke bIca jo dUrI hai vaha AkAza hai|) to kAla ko kriyA kA hetu mAne kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? AcArya akalaMka samAdhAna dete haiM ki aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki pakAne ke lie bartana AdhAra hai, parantu agni honA bhI to anivArya hai anyathA pAka kriyA kaise saMbhava hogI? usI prakAra AkAza vartanA vAle dravyoM kA AdhAra to ho sakatA hai, parantu vartanA kI utpatti meM sahAyaka to kAla hI hogaa|96 ____paMcAstikAya kI vRtti meM bhI yahI zaMkA uThAyI gayI ki sUrya kI gatikriyA Adi meM dharmadravya sahakArI kAraNa hai, taba kAla kI kyA AvazyakatA hai, parantu yaha saMbhava nahIM lagatA; kyoMki gati pariNati ke dharmadravya tathA kAla donoM sahakArI kAraNa hote haiM aura sahakArI kAraNa to bahuta sAre hote haiM, jaise-ghaTa kI utpatti meM kumhAra, cakra Adi kaI sahakArI kAraNa haiM / isI prakAra kAla dravya bhI sahakArI hai| kAla ke nayasApekSa bheda : nayoM kI apekSA se kAla do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- nizcayakAla aura vyvhaarkaal| vyavahAra kAla :- samaya, nimeSa, kASThA, kalA, ghar3I, ahorAtra, mAsa, Rtu, ayana aura varSa Adi jo kAla hai, vaha vyavahAra kAla hai, ise parAzrita kAla bhI kahate haiN| niyamasAra meM isI vyavahAra kAla kI apekSA se do bheda batAye gaye haiM aura tIna bhii| samaya aura Avali ke bheda se vyavahAra kAla ke do bheda hote haiM / atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna kI apekSA se tIna prakAra bhI hote haiN|99 vyavahArakAla kI paribhASA tAtparyavRtti meM spaSTa karate hue AcArya kahate haiM- "eka AkAza pradeza meM jo paramANu sthita ho, use dUsarA paramANu maMdagati se 96. ta.rA.vA. 5.228.477 97. paM.kA.tA.va. 25 98. paM.kA. 25 99. ni.sA. 31 204 For Personal & Private Use Only

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lAMce utanA kAla" samayarUpa vyavahAra kAla hai|900 ___ yaha 'samaya' avibhAjya hai aura kAladravya kI sUkSmAtisUkSma paryAya hai| 'samaya' utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa bhii| jaise AkAza dravya ke bhAga karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, vaise hI 'samaya' bhI niraMza hai| - yahA~ yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki jaba pudgala paramANu zIghra gati dvArA eka samaya meM loka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahuMca jAtA hai, taba vaha caudaha rAjU taka AkAza pradezoM meM zreNIbaddha jitane kAlANu haiM, una sabako sparza karatA hai| ataH asaMkhya kAlANuoM ko sparza karane se samaya ke asaMkhya aMza hone caahie| isakA samAdhana yaha hai ki koI paramANu eka samaya meM asaMkhya kAlANuoM kA ullaMghana karake, loka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahu~ca jAtA hai, vaha paramANu ke vizeSa prakAra ke pariNamana ke kAraNa hI hai| isase samaya ke asaMkhya aMza nahIM hote| jaise ananta paramANu kA koI skandha AkAza ke eka pradeza meM samAkara parimANa meM eka paramANu jitanA hI hotA hai, yaha paramANuoM ke vizeSa prakAra ke avagAha ke kAraNa hai| gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM bhI 'samaya' kI yahI vyAkhyA dI hai| saMpUrNa dravyoM ke paryAya kI jaghanya sthiti eka kSaNamAtra kI hotI hai| do paramANuoM ke atikramaNa karane ke kAla kA jitanA pramANa hai, usako samaya kahate haiN| sarya gati nimittaka vyavahArakAla manuSya kSetra meM hI calatA hai, kyoMki lokAkAza ke jyotirdeva gatizIla hote haiM aura bAhara ke jyotirdeva avasthita dhavalA meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki trikAlagocara anantaparyAyoM se paripUrita eka mAtra manuSyakSetra saMbandhI sUryamaMDala meM hI kAla hai arthAt kAla kA AdhAra manuSya-kSetra saMbandhI sUryamaMDala hai|' 100. ni.sA.tA. 31 evaM pra.sA.ta.pra. 139 1. pravacanasAra tA. vRtti 139 / 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 172 3. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 577 4. dhavalA 4.151.320.5 205 For Personal & Private Use Only

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nizcayakAla:- nizcayakAla pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gandha aura ATha sparza se rahita, agurulaghu, amUrta aura vartanA lakSaNa vAlA hai| jo nizcaya kAla hai, vahI pariNamana karane meM kAraNa hotA hai| __parivartana rUpa koI bhI kArya binA kAraNa ho nahIM sktaa| isalie koI na koI sattAbhUta padArtha isakA kAraNa honA cAhiye, yaha sattAbhUta padArtha hI nizyacakAla hai| vyavahAra aura nizcayakAla meM aMtara:- mukhya kAla ke astitva kI sUcanA dene ke liye sthiti se pRthak kAla kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| vyavahArakAla paryAya aura paryAyoM kI avadhi kA pariccheda karatA hai| vyavahArakAla jIva aura pudgala ke pariNamana kA AdhAra hotA hai aura nizcayakAla aNurUpa aura indriyAnubhavAtIta kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA :. jainadarzana meM kAlacakra kI avadhAraNA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake kI gayI hai| eka nIce se Upara arthAt duHkha se sukha kI ora jAne vAlA aura dUsarA Upara se nIce Ane vAlA arthAt sukha se duHkha kI ora Ane vAlA / jaise gAr3I kA pahiyA ghUmatA hai arthAt pahiye kA nIce vAlA bhAga Upara AtA hai aura punaH nIce jahA~ se calA thA vahA~ pahu~ca jAtA hai, isI prakAra kAla kA pahiyA bhI barAbara ghUmatA rahatA hai / sukha se duHkha kI dizA meM jAne vAlA avasarpiNI aura duHkha se sukha kI dizA meM jAne vAlA bhAga utsarpiNI kAla kahalAtA hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI ye donoM cakrArddha milakara pUrA eka kAlacakra banAte haiN| ise yuga bhI kahate haiN| __utsarpiNI tathA avasarpiNI- donoM hI cakrAoM ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake pUre kAlacakra ko 12 vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| utsarpiNI kAla kramazaH Upara kI ora bar3hatA hai, ataH dukhamA-dukhamA, dukhamA, dukhamA 5. paMcAstikAya 24 6. na.ca.vRtti 135 7. ta.rA.vA. 1.8.20.43 8. ThANAMga 2.74 206 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sukhamA, sukhamA-dukhamA, sukhamA, sukhamA-sukhamA ye chaha cakrAra hote haiN| avasarpiNI kAla ThIka isake viparIta calatA hai; isalie isameM cakrAroM kA krama viparIta ho jAtA hai-sukhamA-sukhamA, sukhamA, sukhamA-dukhamA, dukhamA-sukhamA, dukhamA aura duHkhmaa-duHkhmaa| vartamAna meM avasarpiNI kA pA~cavA~ bhAga cala rahA hai, isameM uttarottara naitika tathA AdhyAtmika zAnti kI hAni hotI jA rahI hai| kAla ke jJAna kI AvazyakatA :___ kAla hamAre jIvana kA mahatvapUrNa aMga hai| hama mRtyu ko bhI kAla kahate haiM,10 jo vAstava meM vyAvahArika kAla hai| pratyeka padArtha kAla ke Azrita hai| parivartana yA kriyA jo kucha bhI hotI hai aura jisake kAraNa sRSTi kA sauMdarya aura saMtulana hai, vaha sArA kAla kA hI upakAra hai| dainika, mAsika, vArSika nitya, naimittika, vyavahArika aura cAritrika kriyAoM meM hameM kAla kI upayogitA spaSTa pratIta hotI hai| anya darzanoM meM kAla kA vivecana : bhAratIya darzanoM meM kAladravya viSayaka vivecana kisI na kisI rUpa meM avazya prApta hotA hai cAhe vaha dravya ke rUpa meM ho yA pariNAma ke rUpa meN| Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI darzanoM ke samakakSa kAla kA vicAra kiyA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM kAla :___ vaizeSika nau dravya mAnate haiM, jisameM kAla bhI eka dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika kAla ko AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApaka mAnate haiM12 tathA pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM mAnate / kAla ko ye bhI sabhI utpanna padArthoM ke nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / 13 9. ThANAMga 6.23.24 10. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 291 11. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 187 12. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 1 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 187-88 13. prazastapAda kRta padArtha dharmasaMgraha pR. 25 207 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakRti meM hone vAlA mRta parivartana jaise vastu kI utpatti, vinAza sthiratA ke liye bhI kAla kA honA anivArya hai / yaha vaha zakti hai jo anitya padArthoM meM parivartana lAtI hai| yaha samasta gati kI Avazyaka avasthA hai| kAla svatantra yathArtha sattAtmaka padArtha mAnA gayA hai jo samasta vizva meM vyApaka hai aura vastuoM kI gati ko vyavasthita banAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hone ke saMbandhoM aura zIghra athavA vilamba ke bhAvoM kA AdhAra kAla hI hai| kAla eka hI hai jo vistAra meM sarvatra upasthita hai| yaha kAla eka nitya dravya hai aura samasta vastuoM kA AdhAra hai|16 __ vaizeSika ke kAlasiddhAnta kI apekSA jainadarzana ke kAlasiddhAnta meM bhinnatA hai| jainadarzana kAla ko eka aura sarvavyApI na mAnate hue asaMkhyAta aura aNurUpa mAnate haiN| kAla meM bhI anekAntavAda siddhAnta nizyacanaya kI dRSTi se eka hai evaM vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se kAlANu asaMkhyAta dravya haiM / 18 sAMkhya aura kAla: sAMkhya meM to mAtra do tattvoM kI hI svIkRti hai| ve to isake atirikta tIsarA dravya mAnate hI nahIM haiN| kAla inameM svatantra dravya nahIM hai| phira bhI, prAcya sAMkhya yA brahmapariNAmavAdI (advaitavAdI) darzana ke siddhAnta ke rUpa meM caraka saMhitA meM kAla ko 'pariNAma ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAta kiyA gayA hai- kAlaH punaH pariNAmaH (caraka sNhitaa)| . vimarza:- isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki koI bhI kriyA kAla ke abhAva meM siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| pratyeka darzana kAla ko saiddhAntika rUpa se svIkRti de yA nahIM de, parantu vyavahAra ke mAdhyama se to use svIkAra karanA hI hogA, kyoMki nayA, purAnA, baccA, javAna Adi samasta kAla ke hI udAharaNa haiN| kAla kI yaha 14. vaizeSika sUtra 2.2.6 15. vaizeSika sUtra 2.2.6 16. atItAdivyavahArahetu- tarkasaMgraha 15 . 17. dravya saMgraha 22 18. laghu dravya saMgraha 12 19. sAMkhya tattva kaumudI 33 pR. 209 208 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #235
vizeSatA hai ki pariNAmI hone para bhI dUsare dravya rUpa meM svaya pariNata nahIM hotA aura na dUsare dravyoM kA apane svarUpa athavA bhinna dravya svarUpa meM pariNamana lAtA hai; parantu apane svabhAva se hI apane-apane yogya pariNAmoM se pariNata hone vAle dravyoM ke pariNamana meM yaha kAladravya udAsInatA pUrvaka svayaM bAhya sahakArI nimitta bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra kAla ke Azraya se pratyeka dravya apane-apane paryAyoM se pariNata hotA hai / " Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI pariNamana meM udAsIna sahayogI kAla ke isa tathya ko mAnyatA de dI hai| AiMsTIna ne yaha siddha kara dikhAyA hai ki deza aura kAla bhI ghaTanAoM meM bhAga lete haiM / 1 prasiddha vaijJAnika jinsa kA kathana hai ki hamAre dRzya jagat kI sArI kriyAeM mAtra phoTona aura dravya athavA bhUta kI kriyAe~ haiM tathA ina kriyAoM kA eka mAtra maMca deza aura kAla hai / isI deza aura kAla ne dIvAra banakara hameM ghera rakhA hai| 22 Aja ke vijJAnayuga meM samaya kI sUkSmatA Azcaryajanaka nahIM lgtii| isakA . vyAvahArika udAharaNa TelIphona dvArA bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai / kalpanA kareM, do hajAra kilomITara dUra baiThe hue kisI vyakti se hama TelIphona para bAta kara rahe haiM / hamArI dhvani vidyut taMragoM meM pariNata hokara tAra ke sahAre cala kara dUrastha vyakti taka pahu~r3hatI hai aura usakI dhvani hama tk| isameM jo samaya lagA vaha itanA kama hai ki hameM usakA anubhava nahIM ho rahA hai aura aisA lagatA hai mAnoM kucha bhI samaya nahIM lagA ho aura hama usa vyakti ke sAmane baiThakara hI bAta kara rahe hoM / cAra hajAra mI tara ko pAra karane meM taraMga ko lagA samaya bhale hI Apako pratIta na ho rahA ho phira bhI samaya to lagatA hI hai| kAraNa ki vaha taraMga tatkSaNa hI vahA~ nahIM pahu~catI hai, apitu eka-eka mITara aura milImITara ko kramazaH pArakara ke Age bar3hatI huI vahA~ pahu~cI hai| aba hama anumAna lagAyeM ki usa taraMga ko TelIphona ke tAra ke eka mITara yA milImITara ko pAra karane meM kitanA samaya lagA hogA ? hama saMpUrNata: : anumAna lagA sakeM yA nahIM, parantu taraMga ko eka milImITara tAra pAra 20. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 269-70 21. svAdhyAya zikSA agasta 1989 pR. 55 22. svAdhyAya zikSA - agasta 1989 pR. 55 209 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #236
karane meM samaya to lagatA hI hai| jainadarzana meM varNita samaya isase bhI asaMkhyAta guNA adhika sUkSma hai| isa prakAra kAla saMbandhI carcA ke niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadyapi jainadarzanikoM meM kAla ke saMbandha meM do mata pracalita haiM-eka mata kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnane vAlA hai aura dUsarA kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnane vAlA, phira bhI ye donoM virodhI nahIM haiN| bhagavatIsUtra,23 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, prajJApanAsUtra25 Adi meM kAla saMbandhI ye donoM mAnyatAeM svIkRta haiN| AcArya umAsvAti,26 jinabhadragaNi, haribhadrasUri28 Adi ne bhI donoM hI mata svIkAra kiye haiN| . uparokta donoM mata paraspara avirodhI haiM; kyoMki sApekSa haiM / nizcaya naya se use jIva aura ajIva kI paryAya mAtra mAnane se hI sabhI vyavahAra saMpanna ho sakate haiN| vyavahAra dRSTi se hI use svatantra aura pRthak dravya mAnA jA sakatA hai| pugalastikAya :____ aba hama cauthe adhyAya ke aMtima zIrSaka pudgalAstikAya meM pudgala kyA hai aura usakA svarUpa kyA hai? isakA vistRta vivecana karane kA prayAsa kreNge| __SadravyoM meM se eka pudgala hI aisA hai jo rUpI yA mUrta hai / saMsArabhramaNa kA mukhya kAraNa zuddhasvarUpI AtmA kI pudgala se saMgati honA hai cAhe vaha saMgati karmabandha ke rUpa meM ho yA zarIra aura AtmA ke ekakSetrAvagAha ke rUpa meM ho| saMsArabhramaNa se mukta hone para ina donoM saMgatiyoM kA uccheda ho jAtA hai| - isa loka meM mukhya do hI padArtha haiM jinake dvArA yaha sRSTi nirmita hai-jIva aura padgala / avaziSTa cAroM dravya dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla sahayogamAtra dene vAle udAsIna upakAraka hote haiN| 23. bhagavatI 25.4.734 24. uttarAdhyayana 28.7.8 25. prajJApanA 1.3 26. tattvArthasUtra 5.38,39 para siddhasena kI bhASya vyAkhyA 27. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 926 evaM 2068 28. dharmasaMgrahaNI gAthA 32 kI malayagiri TIkA 210 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #237
"pudgala" yaha jainadarzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai| 'pudgala' eka vicitra sA zabda avazya lagatA hai, kintu yaha kevala jainadarzana meM hI nahIM anya darzanoM meM bhI prayukta huA hai| jaina darzana kA pudgala Adhunika vijJAna ke 'maiTara' ke samakakSa hai| vijJAna ne pudgala ko 'meTara' kahakara UrjA kA mUla strota svIkAra kiyA hai| __ pRthvI, agni, vAyu, kIr3e, makor3e Adi jo indriyagamya hai vaha pudgala hai| yadyapi pudgala ke anekoM bheda haiM para jainadarzana ne use SaTkAya meM vibhakta kara diyA hai| yoM to SaTkAya jIva ke bheda haiM, para inakA vibhAjana kAya yA indriya kI apekSA hotA hai aura kAya tathA indriyA~ pudgala haiN| jaba taka inake sAtha jIva hai taba taka jIvoM ke zarIra kahalAte haiM aura jIva kA viyoga hote hI ye pudgala kahalAte haiN| anantakAla se jIva aura pudgala kSIra-nIra kI taraha ekasAtha rahane para bhI 'pudgala' jIvarUpa meM pariNata nahIM huA aura 'jIva' pudgala ke rUpa meM pariNata nahIM huaa| pudgala zabda kI vyutpatti aura lakSaNa:- . 'pudgala' zabda vyutpattilabhya pAribhASikazabda hai| jisa prakAra se 'bhA (saMskRta-bhAs)' ko karane vAlA 'bhAskara' kahalAtA hai, usI taraha jo bhedasaMghAta se pUraNa aura galana ko prApta ho vaha pudgala hai| yaha zabda pRSodarAdigaNa se niSpanna hotA hai| paramANuoM meM bhI zakti kI apekSA galana aura pUraNa hai tathA pratikSaNa agurulaghuguNa kRta guNapariNamana, guNavRddhi aura guNahAni hotI rahatI hai| ataH unameM bhI pUraNa aura galana vyavahAra mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai| athavA yaha nirvacana bhI ho sakatA hai ki jise 'jIva' zarIra, AhAra, viSaya aura indriya upakaraNa Adi ke rUpa meM nigaleM/grahaNa kareM, vaha pudgala hai| paramANu bhI skandha dazA meM jIboM dvArA hI nigale jAte haiN| yaha "pudgala' zabda do AkhyAtaja zabdoM ke mela se vyutpanna hotA hai- 'pUraNAt put galayatIti galapUraNa-galAnAnvartha saMjJatvAt pudgalAH, arthAt pUraNa svabhAva vAlA hone se se 'put', aura galana svabhAva se 'gala', ina do avayavoM ke mela se 'pudgala' zabda banatA hai / pUraNa aura galana ko prApta hone se pudgala kA vyutpattiparaka artha ghaTita hotA hai; pudgala arthAt 29. bhagavatI 8.10.361 30. ta.rA.vA. 5.124-26, 434 211 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #238
jur3anA, TUTanA aura punaH judd'naa| "galanapUraNasvabhAvasanAtha: pudgalaH, arthAt jo galanapUraNa svabhAva sahita hai (jo pRthak hone aura ekatrita hone ke svabhAva vAlA hai) vaha pudgala hai| ____pudgala zabda ke vyutpattilabhya artha se isase tIna bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM:- . 1. pudgala galana aura pUraNa svabhAva vAlA hotA hai| 2. bheda aura saMghAta ke anusAra jisameM pUraNa-galana kriyAe~ antarbhUta hotI haiN| 3. jIva jinheM zarIra, AhAra, viSaya aura indriya upakaraNAdi ke rUpa meM nigalatA hai yA grahaNa karatA hai ve pudgala haiN| jainadarzana meM chahadravyoM kI prarUNatA hai| una SaDdravyoM meM pA~ca dravya to arUpI aura amUrta haiM, parantu pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jo mUrtika/rUpI hai| yaha pudgala pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gandha, ATha sparza rUpI, ajIva, zAzvata, avasthita tathA loka kA eka aMzabhUta dravya hai / 23 pugala ke bheda :- pudgala do prakAra ke hote haiM- paramANu pudgala aura no paramANu pudgala arthAt . skndh| paramANu ke lakSaNa: skandha kA antima avibhAgI bhAga eka, zAzvata, mUrtarUpa se utpanna hone vAlA aura azabda hai|35 bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI paramANu kI vyAkhyA isI prakAra se batAyI gayI hai- eka varNa, eka rasa, eka gandha aura do sparza vAlA paramANu pudgala kahA gayA hai| eka varNa vAlA yA to lAla, pIlA, kAlA, nIlA yA sapheda hogaa| eka gandha meM yA 31. niyamasAra vRtti 9 evaM bRhadrvya saMgraha vani 15 32. rUpiNaH pudgalAH - ta.sU. 5.4 33. ThANAMga 5.174 34. ThANAMga 2.228 35. paMcAstikAya 77 212 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
to sugandha hotI hai yA durgandha / yadi eka rasa ho to yA to tIkhA yA kar3avA yA kasailA yA khaTTA yA mIThA / do sparza meM zIta-snigdha yA zIta-rukSa yA uSNasnigdha yA uSNa-rukSa hogA, (arthAt sparza do hoMge aura ve virodhI hoNge|) ___ mahAvIra ne hajAroM varSoM pUrva hI paramANu ke saMbandha meM talasparzI samAdhAna de diye the| Aja vaijJAnika aNu ke anveSaNa karane meM juTe hue haiM, kintu aNu ke saMbandha meM jisa sUkSmatA se mahAvIra ne vivecana kiyA, Aja ke vaijJAnika vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca pAye haiN| Aja ke vaijJAnika jise aNu kahate haiM, mahAvIra use skandha kahate haiN| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM paramANu indriyAtIta hai| vaha skandha se bhinna niraMza tattva hai / paramANu pudgala avibhAjya, acchedya, abhedya evaM adAhya hai| aisA koI upacAra yA upAdhi nahIM, jisase usakA upacAra kiyA jA ske|37 paramANu kA vahI Adi, vahI madhya aura vahI anta hai|8 kahA bhI hai"aMtAdi antamajjhaM, aMtaMtaM va iMdie gejjhN| jaM davvaM avibhAgI taM paramANuM vijANIhi / "39 . . ye paramANu indrigrAhya nahIM hote| paramANu mAtra 'kAraNa' hI nahIM, kArya bhI hai, kyoMki vaha skandhoM ke bheda pUrvaka utpanna hotA hai| paramANu meM sneha Adi guNa utpanna aura vinaSTa hote rahate haiM / ataH kathaMcit vaha anitya bhI hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM gautamasvAmI ne prazna kiyA-kyA yaha eka pradezI paramANu kAMpatA hai? taba bhagavAn . mahAvIra ne syAdvAda naya se isakA samAdhAna diyA-vaha kAMpatA bhI hai aura nahIM bhii|40 jaba gautamasvAmI ne agalA prazna pUchA-kyA paramANu talavAra kI dhAra yA ustare kIdhAra para avagAhana karake raha sakatA hai? bhagavAn ne kahA- vaha avagAhana karake raha sakatA hai| 26. bhagavatI 20.5.? 37. bhagavatI 5.7.3 (2) 38. bhagavatI 5.7.10 (1) evaM ta.sU. 5.25 39. ta.rA.vA. 4.5.25 pRSTha 491 se uddhRta / 40. bhagavatI 5.7.3 (11) 41. bhagavatI 5.7.3. (1) 213 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #240
__aba hameM yaha jijJAsA ho sakatI hai ki uparokta lakSaNoM se yukta paramANa pudgala kitane samaya taka rahatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki paramANupudgala jaghanya ekasamaya taka aura utkRSTa asaMkhya kAla taka raha sakatA hai|42 . agara vAstava meM dekhA jAya to mUla padArtha to paramANu hI hai| yaha paramANu svatantra hai / yaha na to tor3A jA sakatA hai, na dekhA jA sakatA hai| isakI lambAI, caur3AI, moTAI nahIM hai, parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki paramANu nirAkAra haiM kyoMki nirAkAra to sAkAra ke guNoM ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sklaa| AkAravAn padArtha hI AkAravAn ke guNoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura guNoM ke samuha ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa hI dravya mAnA jAtA hai| aba agara yaha prazna ho ki vaha AkAra kaisA hai, to isakA uttara yahI diyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha paramANu svayaM hI apanA AkAra hai| yahI usakI lambAI, caur3AI aura moTAI hai| ___paramANu atyanta sUkSma hote haiM; yadyapi ve indriyoM se jAne jA sakate haiM, parantu dekhe nahIM jA sakate / ve mUrtika hai, kyoMki mUrtika kA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se dekhA jAnA mUrtika kA lakSaNa hai| vaise yaha samajhAne ke liye lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai, vAstavika nhii| paramANu kA svabhAva catuSTayaH paramANu cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- dravya paramANu, kSetra paramANu, kAla paramANu aura bhAva prmaannu| dravya paramANu cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- ucchedya, abhedya, adAhya aura agrAhya / kSetra paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- anAdi, amadhya, apradeza aura avibhAjya / kAla paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- avarNa, agandha arasa aura asparza / bhAva paramANu bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- varNavAn, gandhavAn, rasavAn, sparzavAn / 42. bhagavatI 5.7.14 (1) 43. bhagavatI 20.516-19 214 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #241
pudgala ke lakSaNa: tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne pudgala kA lakSaNa sparza rasa, gandha aura varNa yukta kiyA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM pudrala ko pA~ca lakSaNoM se yukta kahA gayA hai - varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza aura saMsthAna / 45 varNa : gaMdha : rasa : varNa pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai- kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA, aura sapheda / 46 I gaMdha do prakAra kI hotI hai / sugaMdha aura durgaMdha / 47 rasa (svAda) pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai - tIkhA, kar3avA, aura mIThA / kasailA, khaTTA sparza :- sparza ATha prakAra kA hotA hai- kaThora, komala, halkA, bhArI ThaMr3A, garama, cikanA aura rUkhA / 49 saMsthAna :- saMsthAna (AkAra) pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai / parimaNDala saMsthAna vRtta (gola) saMsthAna, trayasra saMsthAna, samacaturasra (caurasa) saMsthAna aura Ayata (lambA) saMsthAna / 50 ina varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparzaM aura saMsthAna se yukta hI pudgala ho sakatA hai| aisA nahIM ki eka bhautika padArtha meM vaha guNa hai, dUsare meM nahIM / vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatA ThIka isake viparIta hai| vaizeSika nau dravya mAnate haiM / ina nau dravyoM ke apane-apane guNa haiM / rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza guNa se yukta jala rUpa tathA uSNa sparza guNa se yukta agni aura sparzaguNa se yukta vAyu hai, 1 parantu jainadarzana kI yaha mAnyatA nahIM hai / 44. ta.sU. 5.23 evaM dravya prakAza 2.4 45. uttarAdhyayana 36.15. 46. uttarAdhyayana 36.16 47. uttarAdhyayana 36.17 48. uttarAdhyayana 36.18 49. uttarAdhyayana 36.19.20 50. uttarAdhyayana 36.21 51. bhAratIya darzana bhAga 2. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan pR. 204 215 For Personal & Private Use Only

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tarka se bhI isa bAta kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| pratyeka padArtha meM cAroM hI guNa pAye jAte haiM, cAhe vaha pRthvI ho yA jala / yadi aisA nahIM hotA to pRthvI ko vijJAna dvArA jala banA diye jAne para usameM se gaMdha guNa kahA~ jAtA hai ? aura jala ko pRthvI banAne para usameM jala guNa kahA~ se AtA hai? kyoMki yaha to nirvivAda hai ki kisI meM kisI prakAra kA guNotpAda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH pratyeka pudgala skandha cAroM guNa mAnane hI hoMge / vAstava meM koI bhI pudgala aisA nahIM hai jo rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza rahita ho / yaha alaga bAta hai ki koI guNa kisI meM vyakta hai kisI meM avyakta / ' yaha vivecana do naya kI apekSA se calatA hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM gur3a aura bhramara ke udAharaNa dvArA yaha vivecana spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / vyavahAra dRSTi se gur3a mIThA hai, parantu nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se gur3a pA~ca varNa, do gandha, pA~ca rasa aura ATha sparza vAlA hotA hai / bhramara kAlA hai, tote kI pA~kha harI hai, majITha lAla hai, haldI pIlI hai, zaMkha sapheda hai aura paTavAsa (kapar3e meM sugandha dene vAlI pattI) sugandhita hai| mRtadeha durgaMdha yukta hai, nIma kar3avA hai, sauMTha tIkhI hai, kapittha kasailA hai, imalI khaTTI hai Adi / parantu ye saba vyakta guNa haiM aura vyavahAra dRSTi se hai, parantu nizcaya dRSTi se to pA~coM varNa, do gandha, pA~ca rasa, ATha sparza saba meM hote hI haiM / 52 pudgala ke bheda .... pudgala ke cAra bheda hote haiN| yA ise yoM bhI kaha sakate haiM ki pugala ke bhedasaMghAta kI kriyA cAra prakAra se hotI hai - skandha, skandhadeza, pradeza aura paramANu / 53 1. skandhaH - aneka paramANuoM ke piNDa ko skandha kahate haiM / 2. skandhadeza :- skandha ke kisI kalpita bhAga ko skandhadeza kahate haiM / 3. pradezaH- skandha ke niraMza aMza (avibhAjya aMza) ko pradeza kahate haiM / 4. paramANuH - skandha se pRthak hue niraMza bhAga ko paramANa kahate haiM / 54 52. bhagavatI 18.6.1.5 53. uttarAdhyayana 36.10 evaM paMcAstikAya 74 54. paMcAstikAya 75 216 For Personal & Private Use Only +

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ina/cAra bhedoM meM mukhya bheda to skandha aura paramANu hI haiN|55 ina skandha aura paramANu kI utpatti tIna prakAra se hotI hai- bheda se, saMghAta se tathA bheda aura saMghAta donoM se / 56 bhedaH- aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga ina donoM prakAra ke nimittoM se saMhata skandhoM ke vidAraNa ko bheda kahate haiN| saMghAta:- bhinna hue padArthoM ke baMdha hokara eka ho jAne ko saMghAta kahate haiN| bheda-saMghAta:- do paramANuoM ke skaMdha se do pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| do pradezavAle skaMdha aura aNu ke saMghAta se yA tIna aNuoM ke saMghAta se tIna pradezavAlA skaMdha utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, anaMtAnaMta aNuoM ke saMghAta se utane-utane pradezoMvAle skaMdha utpanna hote rahate haiN| inhIM saMkhyAta Adi paramANu vAle skaMdhoM ke bheda se do pradezavAle skaMdha taka hote haiN| isa prakAra eka samaya meM hone vAle bheda aura saMghAta ina donoM se do pradezavAle Adi skaMdha hote rahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba anya skaMdha se bheda hotA hai aura anya kA saMghAta taba eka sAtha bheda aura saMghAta ina donoM se skaMdha kI utpatti hotI hai|57 aNu yA paramANu kI utpatti to vibhAjana se hI yA bheda se hI hotI hai| jo cAkSuSa haiM ve bhada-saMghAta se utpanna hote haiM aura jo acAkSuSa haiM ve saMghAta se, bheda se aura bheda-saMghAta, tInoM se utpanna hote haiN| cAkSuSa kA artha hai-cakSurindriya kA vissy| pudgala ke sUkSma aura bAdara bhAva:.. pudgala ke sUkSma aura bAdara kI apekSA do bheda hote haiN| sAdhAraNataH bar3A kahate haiM sthUla ko tathA sUkSma kahate haiM choTe ko, parantu yaha sAmAnya avasthA ke 55. ta.sU. 5.25 evaM bhagavatI 2.10.11 56. ta.sU. 5.26 57. sa.si. 5.26 576 48. ta.sU. 4.27 . ta.sU. 5.28 . ThANAMga 2.229 217 For Personal & Private Use Only

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artha haiM, anyathA kaI bAra aisA hotA hai ki bar3A padArtha sUkSma ho sakatA hai aura choTA sthUla, jaise khasakhasa (postA) kA dAnA choTA hai aura jala kI bUMda bar3I, parantu pAnI vastra se pAra ho jAtA hai aura dAnA nahIM / vAyu zIze meM se pAra nahIM hotI para prakAza pAra ho sakatA hai| ataH eka dUsare meM se pAra karane kI zakti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara sUkSma aura sthUla kA vizleSaNa karanA caahiye| jo padArtha kisI dUsare padArtha ko na roka sake, na kisI se svayaM ruke athavA eka-dUsare meM samAkara raha sake yA eka dUsare se pAra ho jAya use sUkSma kahate haiM tathA jo padArtha dUsare ko roke athavA dUsare se ruka jAye aura eka-dUsare meM na samA sake, vaha sthUla kahalAtA hai| isameM bhI tAratamya hotA hai| koI padArtha pUrNataH sUkSma hai to koI kama sthUla hai| jo kisI se bhI kisI prakAra na ruke, vaha pUrNa sUkSma hai / jo hara padArtha se ruke vaha pUrNa sthUla hai| aMgrejI bhASA meM sUkSmatA aura sthUlatA kA anumAna lagAne ke lie inheM tIna vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jaise Positive degree, Comparative degree and Superlative degree.61 . pugala ke paryAya (avasthAntara) :____ zabda, aMdhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA evaM Atapa ye sabhI pudgala kI paryAya haiN|62 tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra zabda, baMdha, sUkSma, saMsthAna, bheda, aMdhakAra, chAyA, tapa evaM prakAza ye pudgala kI paryAya haiN|63 dravya kA pariNamana paryAya hai| ina uparokta paryAyoM meM pudgala pariNata hotA hai| zabdaH 'zabda' kA prayoga 'dhvani' artha meM huA hai| zabda do prakAra ke hote haiM(ka) bhASAtmaka (kha) abhaassaatmk| bhASAtmaka zabda arthoM ko saMketita karatA hai, vaha do prakAra kA hai- akSarakRta aura ankssr| 61. jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna le. jinendravarNI pR. 155 62. dravya prakAza 2010 evaM uttarAdhyayana 28.12 63. ta.sU. 5.24 218 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #245
akSarakRta zabda :- akSarakRta zabdoM se vAgyavyavahAra hotA hai aura mcelcha Adi jAti ke manuSyoM aura devoM madhya vyavahAra kA sAdhanabhUta zabda hI hai, isI ke mAdhyama se zAstra kI abhivyakti hotI hai| anakSara zabda:- anakSarAtmaka zabda dvIndriya Adi ke jIvoM ke hote haiN| jar3a padArthoM meM saMgharSa ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlI dhvani ko abhASAtmaka zabda kahate haiN| isake ke bhI do bheda haiM-- 1. prAyogika aura 2. svAbhAvika (vainsaasik)| prAyogika :- prAyogika zabda nimnalikhita cAra prakAra kA hotA haitataH- puSkara, bherI, tabalA, Dholaka Adi meM camar3e ke tanAva ke zabda jo hote haiM ve tata haiN| vitata :- vINA, sughoSa, Adi se jo zabda hotA hai vaha vitata hai| .. ghana:- tAla, ghaMTA Adi se jo zabda hotA hai vaha ghana hai| sauSira :- bAMsurI, zaMkha Adi se nikalane vAlA zabda sauSira hai|64 svAbhavika:- megha Adi ke nimitta se jo zabda utpanna hote haiM ve svAbhAvika . yA vainasika haiN|65 . jainadarzana hI eka aisA darzana hai jisane zabdAdiko pudgala kI paryAya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / vaizeSika Adi zabda ko AkAza kA nitya guNa mAnate haiM, parantu jaina zabda ko pudgala kI paryAya vizeSa mAnakara use nityAnitya mAnate haiN| zabda pudgala dravya kI dRSTi se nitya aura zrotrendriya ke dvArA sunane yogya paryAya sAmAnya kI dRSTi se kAlAntara sthAyI hai aura pratikSaNa kI paryAya kI apekSA kSaNika hai|66 ... jainadarzana kI zabda viSayaka mAnyatA ko puSTa karate hue pro. e. cakravartI ne likhA hai64. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.2/485 evaM ThANAMga 2.212-217 65. ta.rA.vA. 5.24 572 66. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.5887 219 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #246
"The Jain account of sound is a Physical concept. All other Indian Systems spoke of sound as a quality of space. But explains in relation with material particles as absolute of concision of atmospheric molecules. To prove this the jain thinkers employed arguments which are now generally found in text book of physics." anya saba bhAratIya vicAradhArAe~ zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnatI haiM, jabaki jainadarzana use pudgala mAnatA hai| jainadarzana kI isa vilakSaNa mAnyatA ko vijJAna ne pramANita kara diyA / dhvani ke vividha upayoga: Aja ke yuga meM dhvani ke upayoga hone laga gaye haiM / ucca zravaNottara dhvani (Ultrasonic Sound) kA upayoga ghar3I kI binA khole usake kala purje sApha karane meM kiyA jAtA hai| dhAtu ke bane purje ke dAMte kATane tathA jor3ane (velDiMga) meM bhI isakA upayoga hotA hai / cikitsAlaya meM isakA vizeSa upayoga hotA hai, kyoMki vastra va aujAra sApha hone ke sAtha-sAtha isase jIvANu bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| kapar3e dhone meM bhI isakA upayoga ho sakatA hai| dhone yogya vastroM ko jala meM DAlakara jala meM zravaNottara dhvani praveza karAI jAtI hai| usa bulabulAhaTa se rAsAyinaka parivartana dvArA hAiDrojana para AksAiTa paidA ho jAtA hai jo usake maile raMga ko sApha kara detA hai / cikitsA kSetra meM isake aura bhI mahattvapUrNa upayoga haiN| zarIra ke antaH aMgoM ke citra lene ke lie Ulterasonic Sound Sonography kI jAtI hai; patharI ke rogI ko eka Tebala para sulAkara patharI kI ora Ulterasonic Sound nizcita mAtrA meM kendrita kI jAtI hai, usa dhvani se mAMsa meM to koI parivartana nahIM hotA kintu patharI TUTa-TUTa kara cUrNIbhUta ho jAtI hai jo rogI ke mUtra ke mAdhyama se bAhara A jAtI hai / motiyAbiMda kA ilAja bhI isase saMbhava hai| dhAtu kI banI eka bArIka nalI kI noMka se dhvani A~kha meM leMsa jise motiyA biMda kahate haiM usa para kendrita kI jAtI hai, usase motiyAbiMda tarala padArtha meM rUpAMtarita ho jAtA hai aura tarala padArtha ko nalI ke khokhale mArga se bAhara khIMca liyA jAtA hai / aparAdhiyoM ko pakar3ane meM dhvani kaisarA paryApta sahayogI banatA hai / dhvani kaimare meM dhvani kA citrAMkana kiyA jAtA hai / aMguliyoM kI chApa kI taraha dhvani 220 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #247
chApa bhI pratyeka vyakti kI bhinna hotI hai / jaise aMguliyoM kI chApa aparAdhiyoM ko pakar3ane meM sahAyaka banatI hai vaise hI yaha dhvani kI chApa bhI upayogI banatI hai I isI prakAra ilekTronika saMgIta meM bhI viziSTa upayoga hai| ilekTronika saMgIta yaMtra meM eka aisA chAna yaMtra hotA hai jo dhvani kI anAvazyaka tIvratA utAra caDhAva Adi ko chAna kara alaga kara detA hai| isa yaMtra meM saMzleSaka (siMthesAijara) kA bhI prayoga hotA hai / isake dvArA prAkRtika dhvaniyoM ko kRtrima rUpa se taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke vaijJAnika prayogoM dvArA yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki zabda pugala hai / zabda kI gati ke viSaya meM pannavaNA meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai "he gautama ! jo bhASA bhinna rUpa meM niHsRta yA prasArita hotI hai, vaha anaMtaguNI vRddhi ko prApta hotI huI loka ke aMtima bhAga ko sparza karatI hai arthAt vyApta hokara saMsAra ke pAra (lokAkAza ke chora) taka pahu~ca jAtI hai aura jo bhASA abhinna rUpa meM niHsRta hotI hai, vaha saMkhyAta yojana taka jAkara nAza ko prApta hotI hai tathA asaMkhyAta yojana jAkara bheda ko prApta hotI hai / 167 isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhASA ke do rUpa haiM- eka abhinnarUpa aura dUsarA bhinnarUpa / abhinnarUpa bhASA ke mUla rUpa kA dyotaka hai, tathA bhinnarUpa bhASA mUla meM parivartita hokara rUpAntarita hone kA sUcaka hai / zabdotpatti ke kAraNa: do kAraNoM se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai| pahalA kAraNa hai- jaba pugala saMhati ko prApta ho jaba, jaise ghar3I kA zabda evaM dUsarA kAraNa hai- jaba pugala bheda ko prApta ho taba, jaise bAMsa ke phaTane kA zabda / 18 bandha: - pudrala kA dUsarA avasthAntara hai bandha / jo baMdhe yA jisake dvArA bAMdhA jAya vaha bandha hai / " bandha ke do bheda haiM: - prAyogika evaM svAbhAvika 1 67. pannavaNA 11.41 68. . ThANAMga 2.220 69. ta. rA. vA. 5.24.1.485 221 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #248
prAyogika:- prAyogika bandha vaha hai jo prayogajanya ho; jinameM mana-vacanakAya kA puruSArtha ho / yaha prAyogika bandha bhI do prakAra kA hai- ajIva-viSayaka bandha, aura jIvAjIvaviSayaka bandha / ajIvaviSayaka bandhaH- ajIva padArthoM meM hone vAlA pArasparika bandha ajIva viSayaka hai, jaise-lAkha aura kATha Adi kA bandha / jIvAjIvaviSayaka bandhaH- pudgala aura jIva kA eka kSetrAvagAhI bandha jIvAjIvaviSayaka bandha hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai- karmarUpa pariNata padlANuoM kA jIvapradezoM ke sAtha ekakSetrAvagAhI bandha karmabandha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, aura pharmaphala ke pariNAmasvarUpa audArika Adi zarIroM ke sAtha jIva kA ekakSetrAvagAhI bandha nokarmabandha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai|70 svAbhAvika bandhaH- yaha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- AdimAn aura anAdimAn / AdimAn bandhaH- snigdha rukSa guNoM ke nimitta se bijalI, ulkA, jaladhArA indadhanuSa Adi rUpa pudgala baMdha AdimAna hai| anAdimAna bandhaH- yaha nau prakAra kA hai- dharmAstikAya bandha, dharmAstikAya dezabandha, dharmAstikAya pradezabandha, adharmAstikAya bandha, adharmAstikAya dezabandha, adharmAstikAya pradezabandha, AkAzastikAya bandha, AkAzastikAya dezabandha, aura AkAzastikAya prdeshbndh| . bandha kI prakriyA: - tattvArthasUtra meM umAsvAti ne baMdha ko bhI pudgala paryAya batAyA aura sAtha hI baMdha kI prakriyA ko bhI spaSTa kiyA / baMdha kyoM aura kaise hotA hai? umAsvAti ne ise spaSTa karate hue kahA ki snigdha (sneha) aura rUkSatA ke kAraNa kI baMdha hotA ... AcArya akalaMka ne snigdhatA aura rUkSatA ko samajhAte hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoM se sneha paryAya kI prakaTatA se jo cikanApana hai, 70. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.9.487 71. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.7.487 72. ta.sU. 5.33 222 For Personal & Private Use Only

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vaha sneha hai usake viparIta rUkSatA hai| do snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM meM bandha hone para dvayaNuka skandha hotA hai / sneha aura rUkSa ina donoM ke ananta bheda haiM / avibhAga pariccheda eka guNavAlA sneha sarvajaghanya prathama bheda hai| isI taraha do, tIna, cAra, saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anantaguNa bheda se sneha-rUkSa ke ananta vikalpa haiN| jaise jala se bakarI ke dUdha/ghI meM, bakarI ke dUdha se gAya ke dUdha aura ghI meM adhika snigdhatA hai / usI taraha kramazaH dhUla se prakRSTa rUkhApana tuSakhaMDa meM aura usase bhI prakRSTa rUkSatA reta meM pAyI jAtI hai| isI taraha paramANuoM meM bhI snigdhatA aura rUkSatA ke prakarSa aura apakarSa kA anumAna hotA hai|72 parantu sarvajaghanya guNavAle (avibhAgI aura ekaguNavAlA sarvajaghanya kahalAtA hai|) paramANuoM meM bandha nahIM hotaa| samAna aMza, samAna guNa (do, cAra, chaH aura kevala snindha yA kevala rUkSa sadRza paramANu) rahane para bhI bandha nahIM hotaa|75 snigdhatA yA rUkSatA meM do aMza Adi adhika hoM to sadRza paramANuM milakara skandha banA sakate haiN| jaise do paramANuoM kA cAra paramANuoM ke sAtha bandha ho sakatA hai|6 bandha hone para adhika guNavAlA nyUnaguNavAle kA apane rUpa meM pariNamana karavA letA hai| isako adhika spaSTa karane ke uddezya se akalaMka ne kahA- 'tAtparya yaha ki do guNa snigdha paramANu ko cAraguNa rUkSa paramANu pAriNAmika hotA hai, bandha hone para eka tIsarI hI vilakSaNa avasthA hokara eka skandha bana jAtA hai| anyathA sapheda aura kAle dhAge ke saMyoga hone para bhI donoM pahale jaise rakhe rheNge| jahA~ pAriNAmikatA hotI hai vahA~ sparza, rasa gandha, varNa Adi meM parivartana ho jAtA hai| jaise zukla aura pIta raMgoM ke milane para hare raMga ke patra Adi utpanna hote haiN|78 73 ta.rA.vA. 5.33. 1.5, 497-98 74. ta.sU. 5.34 75. ta.sU. 5.35 76. ta.sU. 5.36 77. ta.sU. 5.37 78. tArA.vA. 5.37.2.500 223 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bandha ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM kucha asamAnatA hai| isakA kAraNa tattvArthasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyAya ke sUtra 37 meM pAThabheda hai / digambara paramparA meM "bandhedhikau pAriNAmikau ca " hai, jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM "bandhe samAdhikau pAriNAmikau" pATha hai / isakA tAtparya hai, snigdha kA dviguNa rUkSa bhI pAriNAmika hotA hai, jabaki digambara mAnyatA hai ki cAhe sadRza ho yA visadRza, do adhika guNavAle kA hI bandha hotA hai, anya kA nahIM / jaise do kA cAra ke sAtha aura tIna kA pA~ca ke sAtha / 79 sUkSmatA - sthUlatA : sUkSmatA kA artha hai chottaapn| yaha do prakAra kI hai- atyantasUkSmatA aura ApekSika sUkSmatA / atyanta sUkSmatA paramANu meM pAyI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sUkSmatA do vastuoM kI tulanA dvArA jJAta hotI hai, jaise A~vale kI apekSA bera adhika sUkSma hai / sthUlatA kA tAtparya hai bar3Apana / yaha bhI do prakAra kI hotI hai- atyanta sthUlatA aura ApekSika sthUlatA / atyanta sthUla hai- acitta mahAskaMdha, aura ApekSika sthUla hai - bera kI apekSA AMklA / " saMsthAna : saMsthAna (AkRti) paryAya do prakAra se hai- 1 itthaMlakSaNa aura 2. anitthaMlakSaNa / ityaMlakSaNa jisako paribhASita kiyA jA sake, jaise gola, tikonA, caukora, lambA, cor3A Adi / - anitthaMlakSaNa:- jisako paribhASita nahIM kiyA jA ske| jaise bAdala kI AkRti Adi / " bhedaH - pudrala kI chaThI avasthA hai bheda / bheda kA artha hai vibhAjana | yaha avasthA skandha ke TUTane se hotI hai / yaha chaH prakAra kI hai - utkara, cUrNa, khaNDa, cUrNikA, 79. ta. rA. vA. 5.36.2.499 80. ta.rA.vA. 5.24 10-11 488 evaM sa. si. 5.24572 81. ta. rA. vA. 5.2412-13488-89 224 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #251
pratara aura aNucaraNa / utkaraH- karoMta se lakar3I Adi ko jo cIrA jAtA hai, vaha utkara hai| cUrNa :- jau, gehU~ Adi kA sattu kanaka Adi jo banAyA jAtA hai, vaha cUrNa hai / khaNDaH- ghaTa Adi ke jo kapAla aura zarkarA Adi Tukar3e hote haiM, ve khaNDa haiM / cUrNikA:- ur3ada, mUMga ke jo khaNDa (dAla) kie jAte haiM, ve cUrNikA haiM / pratara:- bAdala ke bikhara-bikhara kara alaga-alaga jo paTala bana jAte haiM, ve pratara kahalAte haiM aNucaTaNa:- tapAye hu lohe ke gole Adi ko ghana Adi se pITane para jo sphuliMga nikalate haiM ve aNucaTaNa haiM / 2 adhaMkAraH jaina siddhAnta meM andhakAra ko bhI pudgala kI paryAya mAnA gayA hai / na kevala mAnA gayA hai, apitu tArkika AdhAra para use siddha bhI kiyA gayA hai / dRSTi pratibandhakarttA andhakAra hai| dIpaka usa andhakAra ko haTAne vAlA hone ke kAraNa prakAzaka hotA hai / 3 kucha dArzanika andhakAra ko pudgala kI paryAya na mAnakara prakAza kA abhAva kahate haiM aura usake cAra kAraNa batAte haiM: 1. isameM kaThora avayava nahIM hai / 2. yaha apratighAtI hai| 3. isameM sparza kA abhAva hai / 4. isameM khaMDita avayavIrUpa dravyavibhAga kI pratIti nahIM hotI / parantu jainadarzana ina tarkoM kA khaMDana karate hue kahatA hai ki andhakAra bhI prakAza kI taraha cakSu kA viSaya hai| prakAza ke paramANu hI andhakAra kI paryAya meM pariNata hote haiM / yaha dRSTi kA viSaya bhI banatA hai, jo dRSTi kA viSaya banatA hai vaha 82. saM. si. 5.24 573 83. ta. rA. vA. 5.24. 15.489 225 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #252
sparzayukta bhI hotA hai, ataH andhakAra bhI sparzavAn hai; aura cU~ki sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa meM se kisI eka ke rahane para bAkI ke tIna guNa usameM avazya rahate haiM, yahI pugala kA lakSaNa bhI hai / ataH prakAza ke hI samAna andhakAra bhI pudgala kI avasthA hai, prakAza aura aMdhakAra meM kisI prakAra kA antara nahIM hai / yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki dIpaka ke paramANu andhakAra paryAya (visadRza ) meM kaise pariNata ho sakate haiM? nimnalikhita udAharaNa se isa prazna kA samAdhAna ho jAyegA / prakAzavAn agni se gIle IMdhana ke sahayoga se aprakAzavAn dhue~ kI utpatti hotI hai| ataH yaha niyama nahIM ho sakatA ki sadRza se sadRza kArya hI utpanna hotA hai| ata: yaha niyama nahIM ho sakatA ki sadRza se sadRza kArya hI utpanna ho / amuka sAmragI milane para visadRza kArya bhI utpanna hote haiM / 4 vijJAna ne bhI andhakAra ko prakAza kI taraha svatantra padArtha mAnA hai| vijJAna ke anusAra andhakAra meM bhI avarakta tApa kiraNoM kA sadbhAva hai jinameM billI aura ullU kI A~kheM tathA kucha viziSTa acitrIya" paTa (Photographic Plates) prabhAvita hote haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki andhakAra kA astitva dRzya prakAza (visible light) se pRthak hai / chAyA : prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai / 6 prakAza patha meM apAradarzaka padArthoM (Opeque bodies) kA A jAnA AvaraNa kahalAtA hai / chAyA andhakAra kI koTi kA hI eka rUpa hai / yaha bhI prakAza kA abhAva na hokara pudgala kI paryAya hai / chAyA do prakAra kI hotI hai / darpaNa Adi svaccha dravyoM meM Adarza ke raMga Adi kI taraha mukhAdi kA dikhanA, tadvarNapariNata chAyA kahalAtI hai, tathA dUsarI pratibimba mAtra hotI hai / 87 vizva meM pratyeka indriyagocara hone vAle mUrtta padArtha se pratipala tadAkAra praticchAyA pratibiMba ke rUpa meM nikalatI rahatI hai aura vaha padArtha ke cAroM ora 84. syAdvAdamaMjarI 5.16.18 85. hajArImala smRti grantha pR. 385 86. sa. si. 5.24.572 87. ta. rA. vA. 5.2416, 17.489 226 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #253
1 nirantara Age bar3hatI rahatI hai| mArga meM jahA~ use avarodha milatA hai, vahA~ hI vaha dRzyamAna hotI hai / praticchAyA ke razmipatha meM darpaNoM (Mirrors) aura aNuvIkSoM (Lenses) kA A jAnA bhI eka prakAra kA AvaraNa hai / isI prakAra ke AvaraNa se vAstavika (Real) aura avAstavika (Virtual) pratibiMba banate haiM / aise pratibiMba do prakAra ke hote haiN| varNAdivikArapariNata aura pratibiMbamAtrAtmaka / " varNAdivikArapariNata chAyA meM vijJAna ke vAstavika pratibiMba liye jA sakate haiM, jo viparyasta (inverted) ho jAte haiM aura jinakA parimANa (Size) badala jAtA hai / ye pratibiMba prakAza - razmiyoM ke vAstavika (Actual) milana se banate haiM / pratibiMbAtmaka chAyA ke antargata vijJAna ke avAstavika pratibiMba (Virtual images) rakhe jA sakate haiM jinameM kevala pratibiMba hI rahatA hai / prakAza - razmiyoM ke milane se ye pratibiMba nahIM banate / 89 4 Adhunika vijJAna ne aise ilekTrAnika tolamApI yaMtra taiyAra kiye haiM jinakI sUkSmamApakatA 'aklapanIya hai, jinameM 1000 pRSThoM ke granthoM ke aMta meM bar3hAye hue eka phulasTApa, parachAI jaisI 'na kucha' vajanI vastuoM ke bhAra bhI jJAta kiye jA sakate haiM / " vijJAnaloka kA ullekha yaha siddha karatA hai ki parachAI padArtha hai / aura vaha itanA bhAravAn bhI hai ki use taulA jA sakatA hai| 1 pratibiMba kabhI-kabhI mRga marIcikAoM ke rUpa meM bhI prakaTa hote haiN| garmI meM dopahara ke samaya registAna jahA~ mIloM taka pAnI kA nAmonizAna nahIM hotA, vahA~ pAnI se bhare jalAzaya dikhate haiN| mRga apanI pyAsa bujhAne jAtA hai, para use vahA~ pAnI nahIM milatA / vaha dUsarI jagaha jAtA hai, jahA~ use pAnI najara AtA hai, para vahA~ bhI nahIM milatA / ise hI mRgamarIcikA kahate haiN| isa prakAra ke sabhI dRzya jo sacamuca kucha nahIM hote, kevala dikhAyI dete haiM, ve mRgamarIcikA ke nAma se sambodhita kiye jAte haiM / 'mRgamarIcikA' vastuoM kA astitva na hone para bhI dikhAyI denA, eka vastu hone para bhI usake aneka pratibiMba dikhanA, vastuoM kA adRzya honA Adi aneka rUpoM meM spaSTa hotI hai / 88. su.si. 5.24572 89. muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha pR. 385 90. vijJAna loka disambara 1964 pR. 42 227 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #254
mImAMsAka kI mAnyatA- "darpaNa meM chAyA nahIM par3atI, parantu netra kI kiraNeM darpaNa se TakarAkara vApasa lauTatI haiM aura apane mukha ko hI dekhatI haiM" ucita nahIM hai / kyoMki netra kI kiraNeM jaise darpaNa se TakarA kara mukha ko dekhatI haiM, usI taraha dIvAla se TakarAkara bhI unheM mukha ko hI dekhanA caahiye| isa prakAra jaba kiraNeM vApasa AtI haiM to pUrva dizA kI tarapha jo mukha hai, vaha pUrvAbhimukha hai dikhanA cAhiye, pazcimAbhimukha nahIM / mukha kI dizA badalane kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai / 99 AtapaH jainadarzana meM Apa ko bhI pudgala kI hI avasthA kahA gayA hai / 92 'Atapa ' zabda 'tap santApe' dhAtu se banA huA hai, jisakA artha hai - tApa uSNa kiraNeM / arthasaMkoca siddhAnta ke AdhAra para mAtra sUrya kI dhUpa ko 'Atapa' kahA jAtA hai| jainadarzana meM agni ko Atapa nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jabaki dhUpa ko Atapa mAnA gayA hai| isase bhI isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki vastu meM rahI huI uSNatA vastu yA dravya kA guNa hai aura uSNatA kA vastu se alaga astitva vastu yA dravya kI paryAya hai| Aga rUpa koyalA, lakar3I Adi IMdhana kI uSNatA koyalA Adi vastuoM kA uSNa guNa hai, yaha Atapa nahIM hai / Atapa hai Aga kI AMca jo Agneya padArthoM se bhinna hokara cAroM ora phailatI hai aura jisakA anubhava Aga se dUra baiThA vyakti karatA hai / yadyapi yaha Aga se nikalI hai, phira bhI isakA astitva Aga se alaga hai, jaise sUrya se nikalI kiraNoM kA sUrya se alaga astitva hai / tApa yA dhUpa paryAya hAne ke kAraNa sthAnAMtarita hotI hai / jisa prakAra ilekTrona tathA proTrona eka dRSTi se padArtha haiM aura dUsare dRSTikoNa vaidyutika taraMgoM ke atirikta kucha nahIM haiM, usI prakAra prakAza vikiraNa ke saMbandha meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaha padArtha kA taraMga rUpa hai aura padArtha ke saMbandha meM kaha sakate haiM ki yaha vikiraNa kA barpha kI taraha jamA huA rUpa hai / 13 91. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 17.489 92. ta. rA. vA. 5.24 18.489 93. navanIta disambara 1955 pR. 32 228 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #255
jainadarzana meM 'Atapa' ke liye sUrya kI dhUpa ko udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / vijJAna ne bhI sUrya kI dhUpa ko hI AdhAra mAnakara khoja kI hai| lagabhaga do sau varSa pUrva prasiddha khagola zAstrI viliyama harzela ne eka prayoga kiyA thA / usane sUrya kiraNoM ke eka pu~ja ko prijma dvArA jhukAkAra tharmAmITara kI sahAyatA se yaha jAnA ki varNakrama meM lAla raMga ke nIce tharmAmITara rakhA jAtA hai to vaha sabase adhika garma hotA hai| isase yaha pariNAma sAmane AyA ki sUrya se AtI huI adRzya kiraNeM jinheM avarakta kiraNeM kahA jAtA hai, yahI kiraNeM Atapa kI kiraNeM haiM / jisa prakAra prakAza UrjA kI taraMgeM haiM, usI prakAra avarakta kiraNeM bhI UrjA kI taraMge haiM aura Aja to isa Atapa rUpa UrjA kA upayoga bahuta kAryoM meM hone lagA hai| jainadarzana dvArA pratipAdita 'Apa' pudgala haiN| phoTo khIMcakara vijJAna ne pramANita kara diyA ki 'Atapa' padArtha hai / kyoMki phoTo padArtha kA hI khIMcA tA hai zUnya kA nahIM / tApacitra lene ke kaimare bhI taiyAra ho gaye haiM / inheM tharmogrApha kahA jAtA hai / tApa yadi padArtha na hotA to isakA citra lenA asaMbhava thA / tApacitra ke upayoga se stana kaiMsara ko, bhUmi meM chipI gaisoM ko, iMjana ko khole yA baMda kiye binA hI usakI kharAbiyoM ko DhU~r3hA jA sakatA hai I Azaya yaha hai ki Aja Atapa yA tApa kI kiraNoM ko grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA aneka kAryoM meM usakA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| vijJAna ke isa prayogAtmaka prastutIkaraNa se aba sAmAnya buddhijIvI bhI yaha samajhane laga gayA ki vAstava meM Atapa pudgala kI hI paryAya hai / akalaMka ne Atapa kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- " asAtAvedanIya ke udaya se jo apane svarUpa ko tapatA hai yA jisake dvArA tapAyA jAtA hai yA AtapamAtra ko AtaMpa kahate haiM / ' 1194 udyotaH - jo nivAraNa ko udyotita karatA hai yA jisake dvArA udyotita karatA hai yA udyotanamAtra ko udyota kahate haiM / 15 94. taM. rA. vA. 5.24.1.485 95. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.1.485 229 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #256
candra, maNi, juganU Adi ke prakAza ko udyota kahate haiN|96 prabhA, udyota, prakAza ye sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| vartamAna meM vijJAna ne prakAza saMbandhI paryApta anveSaNa kiye haiN| sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa khoja hai lesara kiraNeM / lesara razmiyA~ prakAza kA ghanIbhUta rUpa hai| lesara razmiyoM kI zakti ke saMbandha meM anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki eka vaga seMTImITara prakAzIya kSetraphala meM sATha karor3a vaoNTa kI zakti chipI huI hai| sArI zakti kI laiMsa dvArA jaba eka seMTImITara meM ghanIbhUta kara diyA jAtA hai to usase nikalane vAlI razmiyA~ kSaNa bhara meM moTI se moTI ispAta kI cAdaroM ko galAkara bheda detI lesara kiraNoM ke kitane hI upayoga haiN| kisI bhI sthAna para ina kiraNoM se nyUnatama moTAI kA surAkha karanA itanA hI sarala hai jitanA ki rAiphala kI golI kA makkhana kI DalI meM se niklnaa| ina kiraNoM se iMca ke dasa hajAraveM bhAga taka laghu chidra karanA saMbhava hai| kSaNa bhara meM kaThora dhAtu ko lesara kiraNoM se pighalAyA jA sakatA hai| do yA adhika dhAtuoM ko pighalAkara unheM jor3ane kI kriyA sekaMDoM meM pUrI kI jA sakatI hai| A~khoM ke pIche lage parade (raTInA) ke apane sthAna se haTa jAne se AdamI andhA ho jAtA hai| pahale isakA koI upacAra nahIM thaa| aba lesara kiraNoM se reTInA ko apane sthAna para jamA kara bar3I hI saralatA se cikitsA kI jAtI hai| mAnava zarIra meM bhI lesara kiraNoM se cIraphAr3a kiye binA zalya cikitsA saMbhava hai| yadi ina kiraNoM ko pRthvI para eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para pheMkane kA prayatna kiyA jAya to kAzmIra meM sthita upakaraNa se nikalane vAlI lesara kiraNeM kanyAkumArI meM rakhI patIlI meM cAya ubAla sakatI haiN| eka gatimAn yAna ko pRthvI se hI lesara kiraNoM dvArA zakti pahu~cAyI jA sakatI hai| jaise koI upagraha gati ke manda hone ke kAraNa nIce girane lage to lesara kiraNoM ke dabAva se apanI kakSA meM sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / lesara kiraNoM kI 96. ta.rA.vA. 5.24.19.489 230 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #257
eka ghar3I bhI bAyI gayI hai, jo andhoM ko mArgadarzana de sakatI hai| ghar3I kI noka se lesara kiraNeM nikaleMgI aura mArga meM rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI vastuoM se TakarAkara punaH upakaraNa meM lauTa aayeNgii| lauTI huI kiraNa dvArA rukAvaTa DAlane vAlI vastuoM kA jJAna thapakI dvArA andhe kI hathelI para AyegA, jisase vaha jAna sake ki udhara jAnA ThIka nahIM / Adhunika vijJAna ne prakAza ko padArtha ke sAtha bhAravAn bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| prakAzavizeSajJoM kA kathana hai sUrya ke prakAza vikiraNa kA eka nizcita bhAra hotA hai, jise Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne ThIka taraha se nApa liyA hai| pratyakSa meM yaha bhAra bahuta kama hotA hai| pUrI eka zatAbdI meM pRthvI ke eka mIla ke ghere meM sUrya ke prakAza kA jo cApa par3atA hai, usakA bhAra eka sekaNDa ke pacAsaveM bhAga meM hone vAlI mUsalAdhAra varSA ke cApa ke barAbara hai| yaha bhAra itanA kama isalie lagatA hai ki virAT vizva meM eka mIla kA kSetra nagaNya se bhI nagaNya haiM / yadi sUrya ke prakAza ke pUre cApa kA bhAra liyA jAya to vaha prati miniTa 25,00,00,000 Tana nikalatA hai / yaha eka miniTa kA hisAba hai / ghaNTA, dina, mAsa, varSa, saikar3oM, hajAroM, lAkhoM, karor3oM, araboM varSoM kA hisAba lagAiye, taba patA calegA ki prakAza vikiraNa ke cApa kA bhAra kyA mahatva rakhatA hai / 97 vijJAna dvArA puSTa jainadarzana meM svIkRta prakAza bhAravAn aura pudgala hai / sthUlatA ke AdhAra para pudgala ke chaH bhedaH - niyamasAra meM kundakundAcArya ne evaM gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM AcArya nemicandra ne pudgala ke chaH bheda bAtaye haiM- atisthUla, sthUla, sthUlasUkSma, sUkSmasthUla, sUkSma aura atisUkSma / 1. atisthUlaH - jo skandha TUTa kara punaH jur3a na sakeM ve atisthUla haiM, jaisepRthvI, parvata Adi / 9 2. sthUlaH- jo skandha pRthak-pRthak hokara punaH mila sakeM, ve sthUla kahalAte haiM, jaise ghI, jala, tela Adi / 100 97. navanIta disambara 1955 pR. 29 98. niyamasAra gA. 21 99. niyamasAra gA. 22 pUrvArddha 100. niyamasAra gA. 22 uttarArddha 231 - For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. sthUlasUkSmaH- yaha skandha dekhane meM Ate haiM, parantu bhede nahIM jA sakate yA hAtha Adi se grahaNa nahIM kiye jA sakate ve, sthUla sUkSma haiM, jaise prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra aadi|101 4. sUkSmasthUlaH- cAra indriyoM se (cakSurindriya ke atirikta) jisake viSayoM ko grahaNa kiyA jA sake, parantu jinakA svarUpa dikhAyI de, vaha sUkSmasthUla . hai, jaise-zabda, rasa, gandha, sparza / 102 5. sUkSmaH- jinakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sake arthAt jo indriyoM se agocara haiM, ve sUkSma haiM- jaise karmavargaNA aadi|03| 6. sUkSmasUkSmaH- ye atyanta sUkSma skandha, jo karmavargaNA se bhI choTe dvayaNuka paryaMta pudgala hote haiM, inako bhI indriyoM se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, sUkSmasUkSma kahalAte haiN|104 pudgala pariNamana ke hetu:ThANAMga meM pudgala pariNamana ke tIna kAraNa spaSTa kiye gaye haiM:1. prayoga pariNata:- kisI bhI jIvadravya dvArA pudgala, jaise jIva zarIra aadi| 2. mizra pariNata:- jIva ke prayoga tathA svAbhAvika rUpa se pariNata pudgala jaise mRta shriir| 3. visrasA pariNata:- jinakA pariNamana yA rUpAntaraNa svabhAva se hI ho jAtA hai- jaise bAdala, ulkApAta aadi|105 vargaNA ke AdhAra para pudgala ke prakAra: jIvasaMyoga ke AdhAra para pudgala rAzi ko do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai(ka) jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye hue pudgala, aura (kha) jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiye hue 101. niyamasAra gA. 23 pUrvArddha 102. niyamasAra gA. 23 uttarArddha 103. niyamasAra gA. 24 pUrvArddhala 104. niyamasAra 23 uttarArddhala 105. ThANAMga 3.401 232 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pudrala / 106 107 inako punaH apekSA se 23 vargoM meM bhI rakhA jAtA hai " ina 23 bhedoM meM mukhya ATha bheda haiM / ina bhedoM ko vargaNA bhI kahate haiM- audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa, kArmaNa, zvAsa, vacana aura mana / 1. audArikavargaNAH- pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati - inake dvArA audArika zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai / 2. vaikriya vargaNAH- vaikriya kA saMskRta paryAya 'vaikurvika' bhI hotA hai| isakA artha hai vividha kriyA / viziSTa kriyA ko karane meM sakSama vikriyA hai / usa. vikriyA ko karane vAlA vaikriya zarIra hai| isa zarIra ke pudgala mRtyu ke pazcAt kapUra kI taraha ur3a jAte haiM / 3. AhArakavargaNAH - viziSTa yogazakti saMpanna caudaha pUrvadhArI muni kisI viziSTa prayojana vizeSa se jisa zarIra kI saMracanA karate haiM, usameM saMhata pudgala rAzi ko AhAra vargaNA kahate haiM aura usa zarIra ko AhAraka zarIra kahA jAtA hai / 4. taijasa vargaNAH- jo dIpti kA kAraNa hai vaha taijasa vargaNA hai, aura jisa taijasa vargaNA se niSpanna zarIra meM AhAra pacAne kI kSamatA yA sAmarthya hotI hai, vaha taijasa zarIra hai / isa zarIra ke aMgopAMga nahIM hote / yaha zarIra AhAraka zarIra se adhika sUkSma hotA hai / 5. kArmaNa vargaNAH- karma ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara jIva se baddha hone yogya pudgala ko kArmaNa vargaNA kahate haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya Adi ATha prakAra ke karmapuloM ke samUha kArmaNa zarIra banatA hai / yaha karmasamUha hI anya zarIroM ke nirmANakA nimittakAraNa hai| taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha sadA rahatA hai| terahaveM guNasthAna taka karmaprakRtiyoM kA sadbhAva rahatA hai| mukti meM hI inakA Atyantika abhAva hotA hai| ina donoM zarIroM ke chUTate hI AtmA zuddha bana jAtI hai / 108 106. ThANAMga 2.232 107. gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) 593.94 108. prajJApanA 12.901 233 For Personal & Private Use Only -

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6. zvAsocchvAsa vargaNAH- yaha zvAsa lene aura nikAlane yogya pudgala samUha hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM ise AksIjana ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| 7. bhASA vargaNAH- zabda bhI (vacana) pudgala kI hI paryAya hai; kyoMki bolate samaya bhASA kA bhedana-bikharAva hotA hai| yaha cAra prakAra kI hai- satya, asatya, mizra aura vyavahAra bhASA / 109 8. manovargaNAH - mana bhI pudgala kA samUha hai| yaha manana karate samaya hI mana kahalatA hai / mana AtmA nahIM hai, ataH pudgala hai| mana kA bhedana hotA hai, ataH pudgala hai| mana cAra prakAra kA hai- satya mana, asatya mana, mizra mana, aura vyavahAra mana / 110 pudgala kA svabhAva catuSTayaH pudgala kA vizada paricaya prApta karane ke lie use cAra dRSTikoNoM se vizleSita kiyA gayA hai- dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva / dravya kI apekSA ananta dravya hai| kSetra kI apekSA lokapramANa hai| kAla kI apekSA zAzvata hai (paramANu kI apekSA), aura bhAva kI apekSA varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza se yukta hai, aura guNa kI apekSA grahaNa guNa kI yogyatA vAlA hai / 111 kSullaka jinendravarNI ne ise aura jyAdA spaSTa kiyA hai-svabhAva kI dhAraNA karane vAlA jo bhI hai, use dravya kahate haiN| usake AkAra ko kSetra kahate haiN| usake avasthAna ko kAla kahate haiM tathA usake dharma aura guNaM ko bhAva kahate haiN| svadravya kI apekSA sAmAnya rUpa se pudgala dravya eka hai, parantu pradezAtmaka paramANu anantAnanta haiN| eka bAlAgra sthAna para anantAnanta paramANu rahate haiN| svakSetra kI apekSA sAmAnyarUpa se paramANu eka pradezI hai, parantu vizeSa rUpa se choTe-bar3e AkAroM ko dhAraNa karane vAle skandha aneka prakAra ke haiM, kucha saMkhyAta, kucha asaMkhyAta aura kucha anantapradezI haiN| 109. bhagavatI 13.7.7.9 110. bhagavatI 13.7. 10-14 111. ThANAMga 5.174 234 For Personal & Private Use Only

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svakAla kI apekSA pudgala anitya haiM; kyoMki ve utpAda, vinAza karate rahate haiN| svabhAva kI apekSA pudgala mUrtika haiM, indriyagocara haiM / guNa kI apekSA pudgala meM varNa, gandha, rasa, tathA sparza guNa pAye jAte haiN| pudgala ke upakAraH__ saMsArI jIva pudgala ke AbhAva meM raha hI nahIM skte| unakI samagratA pudgala dvArA hI saMpanna hotI hai| hamArA zarIra (jisakA vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai) pudgala kI hI dena hai| bhASA, mana, prANa, apAna Adi saba pudgala kA hI upakAra hai / 112 jIvana meM prApta sukha, duHkha, jIvana, maraNa Adi samasta pudgala ke hI upakAra haiN| jaise anucara apane svAmI kI AjJA mAnane ko bAdhya rahatA hai vaise hI pudgala dvArA nirmita indriya Adi jIva kI AjJA mAnate hI haiM / 113 . isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM pudgalastikAya kA nAtivistRta vivecana kiyaa| aba prazna uThatA hai ki pudgala ko jAnane kA prayojana kyA hai? isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra hai- mukhya tattva to do hI haiM- jIva aura ajIva / jaba taka jIva ajIva ke svarUpa, svabhAva, aura prakRti ko nahIM samajha legA taba * taka vaha ajIva se mukta hone kA na to prayAsa kara sakegA aura na mukti kI ruci paidA hogii| pudgala kA citra-vicitra raMga-biraMgA AkarSaNa jIva ko mugdha karatA rhegaa| jIva isa AkarSaNa se mukti hetu tabhI puruSArtha karegA, jaba use heya aura upAdeya kA samyak jJAna ho jaayegaa| vastusvarUpa ko jAnakara hI jIva heya (tyAjya) kA tyAga evaM upAdeya (grAhya) kA grahaNa kara skegaa|114 isa paMcAstikAya ke svarUpa ko jAnakara jo rAgadveSa ko chor3atA hai, vahI mukta hotA hai| yahI pudgala dravya ko jAnane kA prayojana hai| 112. jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna pR. 163.64 113. taM.sU. 5.20 114. paM.kA. 103 235 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana kA lakSyaH jainadarzana mAtra vivecanAtmaka darzana hI nahIM hai, vaha upayogI siddhAntoM ke pratipAdana dvArA AcaraNa yogya bhI hai| jainadarzana kA aMtima lakSya mokSa hai aura usI mukti kI prApti meM avarodhoM ko jAnane kA aura AcaraNa kA upadeza jaina dArzanikoM ne diyA hai / 115 SaDdravya ko bhI isIlie samajhanA caahiye| jIva aura pudgala kA saMbandha anAdi hai, para use samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai aura zuddha Atma svabhAva prakaTa ho sakatA hai / 116 -------- 115. "Azravo bhavahetuH syAt.....prapaJcanay" sarvadarzana saMgraha pR. 4.39 116. rA.vA. 5.19.29.472 236 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhyAya : paJcama upasaMhAra jainadarzana ke sabhI siddhAntoM meM syAdvAda zailI spaSTa najara AtI hai| vastutattva kI mImAMsA bhI jainadarzana meM bhedAbheda kI apekSA se huI hai| praznoM ko syAdvAda ke antargata samAhita karane ke prayAsa meM jainadarzana ko yadyapi saMzayavAda ke AropoM se gherA gayA, para gaharAI meM jAkara yadi syAdvAda ko samajhA jAye to yaha bhrAnti nirarthaka aura nirmUla siddha hogii| hama apane vyavahAra meM bhI padArtha kA sarvathA-ekAnta svarUpa svIkAra nahIM kara sakate / padArtha kA vAstavika svarUpa hI kucha isa prakAra kA hai ki yadi usake anya dharmoM kA sarvathA viccheda karake mAtra eka hI dharma kA samagra, mukhya aura satya mAna leM to vyavahAra hI khaMDahara ho jAtA hai| jainadarzana ke sAmane bhI yaha kaThinAI khar3I ho sakatI thI yadi vaha padArtha kA ekAMgI svarUpa karatA; kyoMki ekAMgI svabhAva meM yA to zAzvatavAda rahegA yA zAzvatavAda / padArtha mAtra zAzvata hai to cAroM ora parivartana kyoM dikha rahA hai? hamAre svayaM ke aMtarmana meM panapate, badalate bhAvoM ko hama mahasUsa karate haiN| bAhya jagat meM bhI hamAre atyanta samIpa zarIra kI avasthAoM meM pratipala parivartana hotA hai, phira bhI zarIra ke parivartana meM koI aisA zAzvata aura akampa tattva avazya hai jisake AdhAra para parivartana kI saMbhAvyatA hai aura yahI azAzvata ke madhya zAzvata vastu svarUpa jaina darzana kA pratipAdya hai jise "tattva kyA hai?" gautamasvAmI ke prazna parabhagavAn mahAvIra ne "uvagameI vA, vigameI vA dhuveI vA" kahA thA jo darzana meM tripadI ke nAma se pahacAnA jAtA hai| isa zodhaprabandha meM isI utpanna, vinAza aura dhrauvya ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa ko vivecita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| 237 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana kA dvaitavAda yathArthavAdI hai hamArI saSTi dvandAtmaka hai| cetana aura acetana ina donoM kA svatantra astitva hai aura ise jainadarzana ne SaDdravyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| inhIM SaDdravyoM kA satata parivartana saMsAra kI vyavasthA ko saMtulita rakhatA hai| ___ yadi mAtra zAzvatavAda para hamArI zraddhA sthira hotI to spaSTa dRSTigata ho rahe parivartana ko kyA kahate? ise mAtra mithyA yA asatya kahakara nakAranA kaise ucita hotA? jo vastu spaSTataH indriyagrAhya bana rahI hai, use mAtra mithyA mAnakara usakA astitva kaise nakArA jA sakatA hai? yadi sArA jagat mithyA hai to samyak kucha bhI nahIM rhegaa| jainadarzana ne ise mithyA kahane kI apekSA AtmabhAva ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko para padArtha kahakara usake astitva ko svIkRti pradAna to kI, parantu sAtha hI parapadArtha kahate hue niSprayojana bhI btaayaa| jainadarzanasvIkRta nityAnityatvavAda meM hI mukti samabhva hai . paradravyoM meM jaba taka Atma-buddhi hai taba taka saMsAra hai, aura jyoM hI yaha AtmabhAva samApta huA, jainadarzana ke anusAra mukti nizcita hai| paradravya ko tadpa meM hama mithyA yA asat nahIM kaha sakate, usakA apanA astitva hai| yadi aisA na ho to kisase mukta hone kA prayatna kiyA jAyegA? mAtra azAzvata ko svIkAra karate to bhI vahI dArzanika samasyA thii| yadi mAtra parivartana hI parivartana rahe to karttA kise kaheM? kAraNa aura kArya meM upAdAna aura upAdeya bhAva bhI kaise banegA? yadi upAdAna kAraNa sarvathA kSaNika hai to vaha kAryakAla taka sthira nahIM rahegA aura kIryotpatti ke eka kSaNa pUrva hI naSTa ho jAtA hai to jisa prakAra do ghaNTA athavA do dina pahale naSTa huA kAraNa kAryotpatti meM nimitta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra eka kSaNa pUrva bhI naSTa huA kAraNa kAryotpatti meM nimitta nahIM bntaa| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki sat aura asat donoM bhAvoM kA samanyava hI vastu ke vivecana meM sahAyaka hai| 3 . sat aura asat ko virodhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki ina donoM kA sadbhAva eka dRSTi se nahIM hai| sat kisI anya apekSA se hai, asat bhI kisI 238 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aneka payAyeM hoMgI parantu AtmA kA dhruvatattva phira bhI vaisA hI rhegaa| paryAya ke parivartana se AtmA ke dhruvatva kA parivartana jainadarzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| isa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ke svarUpa ke spaSTIkaraNa meM jainadarzana kA syAdvAda siddhAnta atyanta upayogI siddha huA hai| yadi syAdvAda ko nahIM apanAyA hotA to jainadarzana bhI unhIM AropoM aura doSoM se ghira jAtA jo ekAntavAdI darzanoM meM Ae haiN| mahAvIra ne syAdvAda ke AdhAra para hI sArI vyAkhyAeM diiN| jaba mahAvIra se pUchA gayA-AtmA nitya hai yA anitya? taba mahAvIra ne kahA- astitva kI dRSTi se nitya hai aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya / isa syAdvAda ke kAraNa jainadarzana kI AtmA kI kartA-bhoktA viSayaka vyAkhyA bhI siddha ho gayI aura asitva kI anivArya zarta pariNamana kI samasyA bhI hala ho gyii| arthakriyAkAritva tabhI ghaTita hogA jaba vastu nityAnitya hogii| kevala nitya vastu meM arthakriyAkAritva mAnane meM doSa hai| yadi hama nitya vastu meM arthakriyAkAritva svIkAra kara leM to prazna hogA ki vaha arthakriyA krama se hogI yA akrama se? yadi hama yaha mAneM ki krama se hogI to yaha tarkasaMgata nahIM lagegA kyoMki jaba vastu samartha hai to vaha eka hI kSaNa meM arthakriyA kyoM nahIM kara letI? jaba vaha samartha hai to kAla athavA anya sahakArI kAraNoM kI pratIkSA kyoM karegI? yadi pratIkSA karatI hai to usakA sAmarthya Ahata hotA hai| yadi hama yaha mAna leM ki jisa prakAra samartha hote hue bIja pRthvI, jala, vAyu Adi ke sahayoga se hI aMkura ko utpanna karatA hai anyathA nahIM, isI prakAra nitya padArtha samartha hote hue bhI sahayogI kAraNoM ke binA arthakriyA nahIM karatA / to phira prazna uThegA ki vaha sahakArI kAraNa nitya padArtha kA kucha upakAra karate haiM yA nahIM? yadi upakAra karate haiM to yaha upakAra padArtha se bhinna hai yA abhinna hai? yadi vaha sahakArI kAraNa abhinna hai to vahI arthakriyA karatA hai nityapadArtha nhiiN| yadi sahakArI kAraNa nityapadArtha se bhinna hai to prazna hotA hai ki sahakArI kAraNa aura padArtha meM kyA saMbaMdha hotA hai? ina donoM meM saMyoga saMbandha 239 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bana nahIM sakatA; kyoMki saMyoga saMbandha do dravyoM meM hotA hai jabaki dravya eka hai, kriyA bhI eka hai / yahA~ samavAya saMbandha bana nahIM sakatA; kyoMki vaha to eka hai aura vyApaka hai| yadi samavAya saMbandha svIkAra kareMge to phira nityapadArtha aura arthakriyA kI bhinnatA bhI nahIM rahegI / ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki arthakriyA nityapadArtha meM krama se saMbhava nahIM hai / aba yadi yaha kaheM ki krama se na hokara nityapadArtha meM arthakriyA akrama se hotI hai to bhI saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi eka saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi eka sAtha hI arthakriyA kara lI to dUsare kSaNa meM vaha kyA karegA? ata: yaha saMbhava nahIM hai ki nityapadArtha arthakriyA kreN| yadi sAMkhya ke nityavAda meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai to kyA bauddha ke kSaNika padArtha meM arthakriyA saMbhava hai? yaha bhI ucita aura tarkasaMgata nahIM lagatA kyoMki jisakA kSaNika astitva ho vahA~ krama se arthakriyA ho nahIM sktii| deza aura kAla kA krama kSaNika padArtha meM saMbhava hI nahIM hai / yadi yaha kahA jAye ki santAna kI apekSA pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa meM krama saMbhava ho sakatA hai to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki santAna koI vastu nahIM hai / yadi santAna ko vastu svIkAra kiyA jAye to santAna kSaNika hai yA akSaNika / santAna ko kSaNika mAnane para santAna meM kSaNika padArthoM se koI vizeSatA nahIM hogI / akrama se bhI kSaNika padArtha meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba bauddha loga niraMza padArtha se aneka kAryoM kI utpatti mAnate haiM to phira nitya padArtha meM krama se aneka kAryoM kI utpatti meM kyoM doSa dete haiM? ataH kSaNika padArtha meM akrama se bhI arthakriyAkAritva siddha nahIM ho sakatA; aura ekAnta anitya padArtha meM kramavyApakoM kI nivRtti hone se vyApta arthakriyA bhI nahIM bana sakatI / arthakriyA ke abhAva meM kSaNika padArtha ke astitva kA hI abhAva ho jAtA hai / I jainadarzana nityAnityatva kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa ina dUSaNoM se surakSita hai; kyoMki jainadarzana to pratyeka padArtha ko utpAda-vyaya-yukta padArtha kI dRSTi se dhruva dravya dRSTi se svIkAra karatA hai cAhe vaha jar3a ho yA cetana / yaha nityanitya bhI pratikSaNa hotA hai / bAhya nimitta mile to unase anyathA svayaM antaraMga rUpa se pariNamana karatA rahatA hai / 240 For Personal & Private Use Only

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karate jainadarzana ne nitya kA lakSaNa anutpanna, apracyuta aura sthirarUpa svIkAra hue nitya kA lakSaNa diyA-- apane svarUpa kA nAza jo nahIM karatA (tadbhAvAvyayaM nityaM ) / tathA dravya kA lakSaNa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya svIkAra kiyA / jaina darzana ne na kevala pudgala aura AtmA kA hI pariNamana svIkAra kiyA, apitu dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya kA bhI pariNamana svIkAra kiyA, yadyapi ina cAroM kA svAbhAvika parivartana hI svIkArya hai, kyoMki inakA vaibhAvika pariNamana saMbhava nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgala meM bhI jo parivartana hotA hai, vaha sarvathA vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hotA / isa parivartana meM jo samAnatA hotI hai, vaha dravya hai aura jo asamAnatA hai, vaha payAya hai / dravya meM utpAda kI sthiti hone para bhI usakI svarUpahAni kabhI nahIM hotI / . jisa dravyAkSaratvavAda kI sthApanA 1989 meM Lowoisier ( lAojiyara) vaijJAnika ne kI, usakI tulanA agara hama jainadarzana ke dravya svarUpa se kareM to koI anucita nahIM hogaa| kyoMki isa siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI ananta vizva meM dravya kA pariNamanra hotA hai, para dravya kA vinAza kabhI nahIM hotA / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM koyale meM hone vAle parivartana ko leM, koyalA jalakara rAkha huA to hamane vyavahAra kI bhASA meM kaha diyA- koyalA jalakara naSTa ho gayA, parantu gaharAI se dekhA jAye to vaha naSTa nahIM huA, apitu vAyumaMDala meM oNksIjana ke aMza ke sAtha milakara kucha aMza kArbana DAI oNksAiDa gaisa ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gayA aura kucha Thosa rAkha meM badala gayA / jainadarzana isa parivartanavAda ko pariNAminityatvavAda bhI kahatA hai / isI pariNaminityatvavAda kI AdhArazilA se jainadarzana ke ciMtana kA mahala taiyAra huA hai / sAMkhya bhI pariNamana ko to svIkAra karatA hai, parantu mAtra prakRti kA, puruSa kA nahIM / naiyAyika, vaizeSika AtmA ko nitya tathA ghaTa-paTa ko nityAnitya mAnate haiM, parantu jainadarzana to dravya mAtra kA pratikSaNa parimaNana svIkAra karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainadarzana kahIM vastu meM svabhAva 241 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #268
aura vibhAva donoM kI svIkRti detA hai| svabhAva paranirapekSa hai aura vibhAva parasApekSa / AtmA jaba parasApekSa hai arthAt vibhAva dazA meM hai, taba taka saMsAra hai, jyoM hI vaha paranirapekSa hotA hai, vaha zuddhasvarUpI banakara antima maMjila prApta kara letA hai| AtmA ke svatantra svarUpa kI jo vyAkhyA jainadarzana prastuta kara pAyA hai, vaha kisI anya darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hotii| isameM kAraNa hai, kyoMki upaniSad ne eka hI brahma kI kalpanA kI hai, to sAMkhya ne mAtra puruSa ko bhoktA ke rUpa meM hI svIkRti dI hai aura bauddha AtmA ko kSaNika mAnatA hai, aura ina sabhI ekAntavAdI mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa aneka jijJAsAe~ to ubharatI haiM, parantu samAdhAna kA abhAva banA rahatA hai| jinakA upacAra mAtra jainadarzana meM hai| / / jJAna AtmA kA svAbhAvika guNa hai, aupAdhika nahIM jainadarzana 'jJAna' aura 'darzana' - donoM se yukta ko hI AtmA mAnatA hai, jabaki vaizeSika kI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna Agantuka guNa hai aura AtmAM se sarvathA bhinna hai, jJAna aura AtmA kA saMbandha samavAya se banatA hai, AtmA svayaM jar3a hai| vaizeSika kI samasyA yaha hai ki yadijJAna aura AtmA ko (samavAyasambandha se) eka hI mAnA jAe to mukti meM jaise AtmA ke vizeSa guNa buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma,adharma, aura saMskAra Adi samApta ho jAte haiM, vaise hI, jJAna ko AtmA kA vizeSa guNa mAnane para to vaha bhI samApta ho jAyegA taba to mukti meM AtmA kA bhI abhAva honA cAhiye; parantu vaizeSikoM kA yaha tarka ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki prathama to vaizeSikasammata samavAya pRthak padArtha hI siddha nahIM hotA, aura dUsare AtmA aura jJAna meM vaizeSika sammata samavAya se sambandha siddha nahIM hotaa| sarvaprathama to jJAna aura AtmA meM samavAya saMbandha kaise banatA hai, vaizeSika kA samavAya to eka hI hai aura vyApaka bhii| yadi yaha mAnA jAye ki jJAna aura AtmA meM samavAya dUsare samavAya se rahatA hai to isa prakAra samavAyoM kI ananta zrRMkhalA mAnanI hogI aura anta samavAya mAnane se anavasthA doSa aaegaa| yadi doSa Ane para bhI, samasyA kA samAdhAna ho to doSa bhI svIkAra kara leM, kintu samasyA to jyoM kI tyoM banI rahatI hai| - yadi yaha soceM ki samavAya meM samavAyAntara mAnane kI AvazyakatA 242 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #269
nahIM hai, vaha apane Apa hI rahatA hai to jJAna aura AtmA meM bhI vaha apane Apa raha legaa| vaizeSika ise spaSTa karane ke lie dIpaka kA udAharaNa dete haiM ki dIpaka kA sva-para prakAzaka svabhAva hai| sthUlabuddhi vyakti bhI samajha sakatA hai ki dIpaka kA dRSTAnta ghaTita nahIM hotA kyoMki dIpaka dravya hai aura prakAra usakA dharma hai jabaki vaizeSika to dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnate haiN| ataH yaha mAnanA hI yuktiyukta hai ki jJAna AtmA kA Agantuka guNa nahIM, svAbhAvaki guNa hai / guNa aura paryAya hI sat kA lakSaNa hai| SaDdravyoM kI sattA vAstavika hai, kAlpanika nahIM ___ jainadarzana ne sRSTi ke padArthoM ko chaH padArthoM meM samAhita kiyA hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya jainadarzana kI apanI maulika dhAraNA hai| inake saMbandha meM jainadarzana ke atirikta kisI bhI darzana meM aisI dhAraNA nahIM banAyI jA skii| madhyayugIna vijJAna dharmAstikAya kI yadyapi 'Ithara' ke nAma se astitva meM lAyA thA, parantu vartamAna ke vijJAna ne 'Ithara' kA nirasana kara diyA hai| .. yadi dharmAstikAya evaM adharmAstikAya kA astitva nahIM hotA to padArthoM kI saMtulita vyavasthA nahIM hotI, aura usake abhAva meM yA to padArtha anaMta meM bhaTakate rahate yA mAtra sthiti hI rhtii| phira jIva aura pudgala kI mokSa taka na to gati rahatI aura na sthiti hii| loka aura aloka kA jo vibhAjana hai, vaha bhI ina donoM dravyoM ke kAraNa hI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTa samajhanA cAhiye ki ye donoM udAsIna sahAyaka hai| aisA nahIM hai ki jIva aura pudgala ko ye balapUrvaka gati yA sthiti hetu prerita karate haiN| ina donoM dravyoM se pariNamana bhI siddha hotA hai / dravya kA mUla svabhAva pariNamana hai aura isa.pariNamana svabhAva ke kAraNa pUrvaparyAya ko chor3akara uttaraparyAya ko dhAraNa karane kA krama anAdi kAla se satata cAlU hai aura yaha pravAha anantakAla taka cAlU hI rhegaa| . ina donoM tattvoM ko mAnane kI anivAryatA isalie paidA huI ki kisI aise tattva kI AvazyakatA thI jo jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati aura sthiti ko niyantritaM kare / AkAza eka amUrta, akhaNDa, aura ananta pradezI dravya hai, usakI 243 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #270
sattA sarvatra samAna hai, ataH usake itane pradezoM taka pudgala aura jIvoM kA gamana hai, Age nhiiN| yaha niyantraNa akhaNDa AkAza dravya nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki usameM pradeza-bheda hone para bhI svabhAva bheda nahIM hai| jIvadravya aura pudgaladravya bhI gati aura sthiti meM sahAyaka nahIM bana sakate; kyoMki ve to svayaM gati aura sthiti karane vAle haiN| kAla mAtra parivartana svabhAvI hai| ataH dharma aura adharmadravya ko loka aura paraloka ke madhya vibhAjaka tattva kI mAnyatA dI gayI aura use gati-sthiti meM udAsIna sahAyaka dravya ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA gyaa| 'zabda' AkAza kA vizeSa guNa nahIM pula kI paryAya hai: samasta jIva-ajIva rAzi kA AzrayadAtA AkAza tattva hai| jainadarzana ne AkAza kA guNa avagAha mAnA hai jabaki nyAya vaizeSika ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai, parantu zabda paugalika indriyoM se gRhIta hai, pudgaloM se TakarAtA hai, svayaM pudgaloM ko rokatA hai aura pudgaloM se bharA jAtA hai, ata: vaha paudralika hI ho sakatA hai, isalie nyAyavaizeSika kI yaha mAnyatA ki zabda AkAza kA guNa haiM dharAzAyi ho jAtI hai| jainadarzana 'zabda' ko pudgala kI bhASAvargaNA mAnatA hai| zabda ke Azrita dravya paramANu indriya kA viSaya hone se vAyu kI anukUlatA para dUra sthAna para sthita zrotA taka pahu~ca jAte haiM aura vAyu kI pratikUlatA para samIpa baiThe zrotA taka bhI nahIM jA paate| ataH jisa prakAra 'gandha' indriya kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa paudgalika hai, vaise hI 'zabda' bhI indriya kA viSaya hone se paugalika hai| Aja vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI zabda kA paudgalika svarUpa siddha ho cukA hai| TI.vI., TelIphona, reDiyo Adi yantroM ke mAdhyama se zabdoM kI taraMgoM ko pakar3anA jainadarzana ke 'zabda' kI pudgalatvavAdI vyAkhyA ko hI mAnyatA detA hai| 'zabda' AkAza kA guNa isalie bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki AkAza to nitya hai aura zabda anity| yadyapi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kAlIna zabda bhI vijJAna dvArA kabhI na kabhI prakaTa kiyA jAyegA, parantu yaha bhI zabdanityatvavAda ke prakAza meM hI socA jA sakatA hai| 244 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #271
vijJAna usI kArya kI kriyAnviti kara sakatA hai, jo saMbhava hai / agara vijJAna se yaha apekSA rakhI jAe ki vaha samApta hue zarIra ko punaH vaisA hI banA de yA vyatIta huI RtuoM ko punaH Amantrita kare to yaha asaMbhava hogaa| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki zabda guNa nahIM, paryAya hai; kyoMki vaha anitya hai / guNa isalie bhI nahIM hai ki zabda utpanna hotA hai / guNa kabhI utpanna nahIM hotA / guNa traikAlika hote haiM / nitya AkAza kA anitya zabda guNa kaise ho sakatA hai? yadi 'zabda' nitya aura sthAyI hotA to Aja sarvatra zora hI zora hotA aura bhayaMkara azAnti kA mAhaula ho jAtA, phira khAmozI yA nistabdhatA saMbhava hI nahIM thI / parantu aisA nahIM hai / isI se lagatA hai, zabda na AkAza kA guNa hai, na pudgala kA, vaha to mAtra pudgala kI azAzvata paryAya hai / 'zabda' AkAza kA guNa isalie bhI saMbhava nahIM hai ki AkAza mUrttika aura sthira hai| usameM kisI prakAra ke kaMpana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, jabaki zabda to sAkSAt kaMpana hai| kisI bajate hue ghaMTe para hAtha rakhakara dekheM to hameM isa bAta kA vizvAsa ho jaayegaa| jaba taka kaMpana hai, tabhI taka zabda hai / jyoM hI kaMpana rukA, zabda turaMta banda ho jAyegA / ataH yaha tarka aura vijJAna donoM dvArA pramANita hai ki zabda pudgala kI hI kSaNika paryAya hai na ki AkAza kA guNa / zabda kaMpana ke kAraNa hotA hai| pudgala meM prakaTa hone vAlA kaMpana vAyumaMDala meM A jAtA hai aura vAyumaMDala sarvatra vidyamAna hone se usa kaMpana kA bhI sparza kara letA hai / usI vAyumaMDala kA vaha kaMpana hamAre kAnoM kA bhI sparza karatA hai, ataH jo zabda hama sunate haiM, vaha usa vAyu kA hI kaMpana hai| agara vAyu viparIta dizA meM baha rahI hai to hamako vaha zabda sunAI nahIM detA kyoMki vaha kaMpana vAyu kI dizA meM tIvra vega se baha jAtA hai aura viparIta dizA meM mandatva ko prApta hotA hai / isIlie, yadi vAyu hamArI dizA meM baha rahI ho to dUra kA zabda bhI sahaja hI sunane meM A jAtA hai, yaha bAta hamAre anubhava meM bhI prAyaH A jAtI hai / bAdala tathA bijalI kI kar3akar3AhaTa sahajatayA hamAre sunane meM AtI hai kyoMki vahA~ vAyumaMDala hai, parantu sUrya meM hone vAle visphoTa hama nahIM sunate kyoMki vahA~ ke vAyumaMDala aura pRthvI ke vAyumaMDala ke bIca meM bar3A aMtarAla hai arthAt sUrya ke vAyumaMDala aura pRthvI ke bIca meM bar3A aMtarAla hai| ina donoM ke bIca koI saMbandha 245 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #272
nahIM hai, inake madhya mAtra AkAza hai| yadi 'zabda' AkAza kA guNa hotA to sUrya meM hone vAlA visphoTa avazya sunAI detA; kyoMki AkAza sarvatra hai| jainadarzana ne AkAza kA guNa zabda na mAnakara avagAhana mAnA hai| samasta padArthoM ko rahane kA sthAna denA aura kisI prakAra kI rukAvaTa na DAlanA, ise Agama kI bhASA meM avagAhana kahate haiM / avagAhana kA artha mAtra itanA hI nahIM hai ki pRthaka-pRthaka padArtha apane-apane sthAna para sthita raheM, apitu avagAhana kA artha hai- padArtha cAhe jahA~ Thahara sake / isI guNa ke kAraNa padArtha cAhe jahA~ praveza bhI pA sakatA hai aura raha bhI sakatA hai, jaise zIze meM prakAza praviSTa bhI ho sakatA hai aura aura sthita bhI ho sakatA hai| Aja ke vijJAna meM yaha prayoga siddha hai ki padArtha eka dUsare meM praviSTa ho jAtA hai / eksa-re kI kiraNeM, cuMbaka kI kiraNeM tathA reDiyoM kI vidyuta taraMgeM jo ki sUkSma padArtha haiM, anya padArtha meM praveza pAte hue spaSTa dikhate haiM / eksa-re zarIra meM se ArapAra ho jAtA hai aura sAmane vAlI pleTa para zarIra ke andara kA phoTo khiMca jAtA hai| reDiyo kI vidyuta taraMgeM parvatoM taka ko bhedakara dUra-dUra dezoM se hamAre pAsa calI AtI haiN| jaisA ki AkAza ke pradezoM ke vivecana meM hamane spaSTa kiyA thA ki AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| yahA~ prazna hotA hai ki AkAza ke asaMkhyAta pradezoM meM anantAnanta padArtha kaise raha sakate haiM? isakA uttara yahI hai ki anantAnanta padArtha eka dUsare meM samAkara rahate haiM / jIva to hotA hI amUrta hai aura amUrta itane sUkSma hote haiM ki ve eka dUsare se TakarAye binA eka hI sthAna meM svAbhAvika rUpa se raha sakate haiN| mAtra mUrta padArtha hI sthAna gherate haiM aura eka dUsare se TakarAte haiN| mUrtika padArtha ke chaha bhedoM meM bhI sUkSma skandha aura sUkSma paramANu to yathAsthiti padArthoM meM samA sakate haiN| kevala mUrtika sthUla padArtha hI TakarAte haiM aura eka dUsare meM nahIM samA skte| isa prakAra jainadarzana vaha pahalA darzana hai, jisane AkAza kA guNa zabda na mAnakara avagAhana mAnA hai aura zabda ko pudgala kI kSaNika aura azAzvata paryAya mAtra lAnA hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #273
lokAkAza aura alokAkAza meM vibhAjana SaDdravyasApekSa hai: avagAhana guNavAlA yaha AkAza yadyapi asIma aura vyApaka hai, parantu yaha dRzya jagat na vyApaka hai na asIma / jitane bhAga meM padArtha yA dravya pAye jAte haiM, use lokAkAza aura jahA~ mAtra AkAza hI upalabdha hotA hai, use lokAkAza kahate haiM / isa lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke vibhAjana se hameM yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki AkAza khaMDita ho gyaa| vAstava meM yaha vibhAjana kAlpanika hai, jisa prakAra ghar3e kI antaH avagAha ko hama ghaTAkAza kahate haiM aura usase bAhara phaile hue asIma AkAza ko kevala AkAza kahate haiM, parantu isase AkAza khaMDita nahIM hotaa| asIma AkAza meM yaha loka eka ghaTa kI bhA~ti hI samajhanA caahiye| sImA ke andara ko loka aura usase bAhara ko aloka samajhanA caahiye| lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke madhya kisI prakAra kI dIvAra bhI banI huI nahIM hai| jahA~ jIvaM aura pudgala gamana aura sthiti kara sakeM, vaha loka aura usake atirikta saMpUrNa aloka hai| lokAkAza ko bhI tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake saMpUrNa carAcara prANiyoM aura lokAgra ke bhAga meM mukta jIvoM ke sthita rahane kA AgamoM meM jJAniyoM dvArA prastuta spaSTIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| kAla bhI dravya hai: : 'kAla' zabda atyanta prAcIna hai| atharvaveda meM kAla dravya ko nitya * padArtha mAnA gayA hai, tathA isa nitya padArtha se pratyeka vastu kI utpatti svIkAra kI gayI hai| jainadarzana kI kAla ke saMbandha meM do mAnyatAe~ haiN| eka mAnyatA kAla ko svatantra dravya mAnatA hai / dUsarI mAnyatA kAla ko jIva-ajIva dravya meM hI samAhita kara letI hai| .. kAla ko do bhedoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| vyavahArakAla evaM nizcayakAla / jisa prakAra padArthoM kI gati aura sthiti meM dharma aura adharmadravya sahakArI kAraNa hai, vaise hI parivartana kA kAraNa kAla hai| jisake kAraNa dravyoM meM vartanA hotI hai, yaha nizcayakAla hai evaM padArthoM meM choTApana-bar3Apana Adi vyavahArakAla kA sUcaka hai| vyavahArakAla nizcayakAla kA paryAya hai| yaha padArtha kAla, jIva aura pudgala ke pariNAma se hI utpanna hotA hai aura isI kAraNa vyavahArakAla ko jIva aura pudgala ke Azrita mAnA gayA hai| kAladravya ko 247 For Personal & Private Use Only

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aNurUpa mAnA gayA hai, kintu yaha aNu kAlaNu hai, pudgalANu nahIM, isIlie usake skandha nahIM hote / jitane lokAkAza ke pradeza hote haiM, utane hI kAlANu hote haiM / ye eka-eka kAlANu gatirahita hone se lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza ke Upara ratnoM kI rAzi kI taraha avasthita haiN| AkAza ke eka sthAna meM mandagati se calanevAlA paramANu lokAkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza taka jitane kAla meM pahu~catA hai, use samaya kahate haiM / yaha samaya atyanta sUkSma hotA hai aura pratikSaNa utpanna aura naSTa hone ke kAraNa ise paryAya kahate haiM / yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai, isa 'samaya, ghaNTA, miniTa' Adi ke atirikta aura koI nizcayakAla nahIM hai / kAla ke do bheda kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna hai - kAla ke do bheda anivArya haiM, kyoMki 'samaya, miniTa, ghaMTA' Adi kAla kA hI paryAya hai, aura paryAya dravya ke binA nahIM hotI / jisa prakAra ghaTa rUpa paryAya kA kAraNa miTTI hai| usI prakAra samaya, miniTa Adi paryAyoM kA kAraNa kAlANu rUpa nizcayakAla ko mAnanA cAhiye / punaH isake samAdhAna meM eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki samaya-miniTa Adi paryAyoM kA kAraNa dravya nahIM hai, parantu mandagati se jAne vAle pudgala paramANu hI inakA kAraNa hai / jisa prakAra nimeSa rUpa kAlaparyAya kI utpatti meM A~khoM kI palakoM kA khulanA aura banda honA kAraNa hai, usI prakAra vyavahArakAla ke 'dina' rUpa paryAya kI utpatti meM sUrya kAraNa hai, na ki nizcayakAla / isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai ki kAraNa aura kArya meM parivartana hone para bhI samAnatA avazya pAyI jAtI hai| A~khoM kA khulanA aura banda honA nimeSa kA, evaM dina rUpa paryAya kA kAraNa sUrya hI utpAdana kAraNa hotA to jisa prakAra miTTI se bane ghar3e meM miTTI ke rUpa rasa guNa Adi Ate haiM, usI prakAra nimeSa evaM dina meM kramazaH A~khoM kI palakoM ke khulane aura baMda hone ke tathA sUrya Adi ke pudgala paramANu A jAte, parantu isa prakAra se hameM inameM ye pudgala upalabdha nahIM hote / ataH mAnanA hogA ki samaya Adi vyavahArakAla kA upAdAna kAraNa nizcaya kAla hai / kAla kA mukhya upakAra padArthoM ke parivartana meM udAsIna sahayoga denA hai| parivartana do prakAra kA hai- kSetrAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka / kSetrAtmaka parivartana 248 For Personal & Private Use Only

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dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya dvArA hotA hai, aura bhAvAtmaka parivartana kAla dvArA niSpanna hotA hai| kAla ke abhAva meM guNAtmaka yA bhAvAtmaka parivartana kI kalpanA saMbhava nahIM bntii| kSetrAtmaka parivartana kI pratikSaNa saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI; jabaki bhAvAtmaka parivartana to prAraMbha hI rahatA hai| yaha bhAvAtmaka parivartana bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- sUkSma aura sthUla / sUkSma parivartana vaha jo padArtha ke andara hI andara hotA rahatA hai| yaha parivartana dRSTigata nahIM hotA / sthUla parivartana vaha hai jo bAhara se dRSTigata ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha sthUla parivartana binA sUkSma parivartana ke saMbhava hI nahIM hai; kyoMki padArtha ekadama nahIM bdltaa| choTA sA baccA pratikSaNa kada meM bar3ha rahA hai, parantu vaha mahasUsa nahIM hotA; kyoMki parivartana sUkSma hai / yaha sUkSma parivartana sabhI dravyoM meM 'pAyA jAtA hai / sthUla parivartana mAtra jIva aura pudgala meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| pudrala, maiTara aura mahAbhUta prAyaH samAnArthI haiM: aMgrejI meM jise 'maiTara' kahA jAtA hai, jaina AgamoM kI bhASA meM usI ko pudgala kahA jAtA hai| jo kucha bhI citra-vicitra vividha svarUpa hama dekhate haiM, vaha sArA pudgala kA hI svarUpa hai| jaina AgamoM ne saMpUrNa padArthoM ko chaha kAya meM samAhita kiyA hai- pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa / jaba taka AtmA inameM vidyamAna hotI hai, ye jIvayukta kahalAte haiN| AtmA ke vimukta hote hI ye ajIva zuddhapudgala hote haiM / jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa ina paugalika zarIroM ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| jarA hama dRSTipAta kareM-sRSTi ke cAroM ora aisA kauna sA dRSTa padArtha hai jo kabhI jIvAzraya na rahA ho? cAhe pAnI ho yA Aga, cAhe ratna ho yA . phala-phUla, sabhI to jIva piMDa yA jIvAzraya haiN| ye chaha kAya bhI paMcabhUtoM meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| chaha kAya meM jo vanaspati aura trasakAya ginAyA hai, ye do ina paMca mahAbhUtoM ke saMghAta yA milana se hI banate haiN| isakA spaSTa vivecana isa prakAra se hai - pRthvI, jala Adi paMca mahAbhUtoM ke mela meM jisa bhUta kA aMza jyAdA hogA, vaha usake anurUpa hI bnegaa| jaise pAMcoM ke saMghAta meM pRthvI kA aMza jyAdA hai to vaha vastu Thosa hogii| yadi jala kI adhikatA ho to tarala hogI, teja kI 249 For Personal & Private Use Only

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adhikatA hone para uSNavAna evaM vAyu kI adhikatA se halkI evaM saMcaraNazIla aura yadi AkAza kA bhAga adhika ho to khAlI sthAna rUpa dikhAI degA / jaise varSA ke dinoM meM yadyapi vAyu jalamizrita hotI hai, phira bhI kahalAtI vAyu hI hai aura garmI ke mausama meM yadyapi vAyu meM teja yA Aga kA mizraNa rahatA hai, phira bhI kahate use vAyu hI haiM / isakA kAraNa vAyu kI adhikatA / mukhyatA hai / vanaspati ke vikAsa se bhI paudralikatA siddha hotI hai| bIja ko pRthvI meM DAlakara jala se siMcana karate haiM, usameM se aMkura phUTatA hai jo vAyu ko evaM sUrya ke teja ko lekara vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai tathA phala aura phUloM se yukta banatA hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM, vRkSa ke vikAsa meM pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu, cAroM hI bhUtoM kA yogadAna rahA hai / vRkSa apanI saMpUrNatA prApta kara bhI ina cAroM se yukta rahatA hai / jaise usakI TahaniyoM meM pRthvI adhika hai aura jala kama, ataH vaha kucha Thosa hai / pattoM meM usakI apekSA adhika jala hai aura phUloM meM usase adhika jala hai| zeSa jo IMdhana hai, vaha Thosa hone ke kAraNa pRthvI kA bhAga hai| phala-phUloM kI camaka agni kA bhAga hai aura ina sabameM jo polApana hai, vaha AkAza hai| agara polApana nahIM hotA to usameM kIla Adi praviSTa nahIM ho sakatI / polApana meM vAyu bhI hotI hai, ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki vRkSa yA vanaspati ina paMcamahAbhUtoM kAhI saMyoga haiN| hama ina paMcamahAbhUtoM se vyApta apane zarIra ko sadaiva dekhate hI haiN| isa prakAra gUr3ha dRSTi se dekhane para patA calatA hai ki yaha saMpUrNa saMsAra paMca mahAbhUtoM kI hI racanA hai / pudgala ko aura bhI gaharAI se jAnane kA agara prayAsa kiyA jAya to lagatA hai ki sRSTi meM ina pAMca mahAbhUtoM kA hI svatantra astittva nahIM hai / ina paMca mahAbhUtoM kA AdhAra bhI vAstava meM 'ilekTrona', 'proTona' Adi nAmoM vAle padArtha haiM / inameM nyUnAdhika saMgama se hI mahAbhUtoM kA yA padArthoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| ye ilekTrona aura proTona Adi itane sUkSma hote haiM ki inheM indriyoM dvArA dekhA nahIM jAtA / agara tAtrtvika dRSTi se dekheM to sone aura lohe meM koI antara nahIM hotaa| donoM ilekTrona aura proTona ke saMgama se bane haiN| padArthoM meM donoM tattvoM kI nyUnAdhikatA avazya hotI hai| ina donoM kA AdhAra bhI paramANu haiM / 250 For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa paramANu ko vijJAna abhI taka khoja nahIM pAyA hai / kyoMki vijJAna kA paramANu vibhikta hotA hai, jabaki jainadarzana kA paramANu vibhakta nahIM hotA / samasta bhautika tattvoM kA mukhya AdhAra paramANu hI hai / yaha paramANu atyanta sUkSma hotA hai, ise na indriya dvArA dekhA jA sakatA hai aura na yantra dvaaraa| ise to mAtra paramAtmA kI vANI dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai / jaba anekoM paramANu ekatrita hote haiM tabhI ve skandha kahalAte haiM aura hamAre dRSTipaMtha meM avatarita hote haiM / 1 vaizeSika darzana meM paramANuvAda mukhya viSaya hai / ve cAroM jAtiyoM ke alaga-alaga paramANu mAnate haiM / pratyeka meM guNoM kI bhI alaga-alaga kalpanA karate haiM, jaise pRthvI paramANu meM mAtra gandha-guNa, jala meM mAtra rasa-guNa, agni ke paramANu meM mAtra rUpa- guNa, vAyu meM mAtra sparza - guNa, parantu unakI yaha mAnyatA vijJAna dvArA bhI khaMDita ho jAtI hai / Aja yaha pramANita tathya hai ki pRthvI ho yA jala - ye ilekTrona aura proTona ke mizraNa se hI bane haiM aura donoM ke mUla meM bhI paramANu haiM / isa dRSTi se mUla dravya paramANu hI ThaharatA hai| jainadarzana mUlatattva paramANu mAnatA hai, parantu jaina darzana kA yaha paramANu vaizeSika kI taraha kUTastha nitya nahIM hai, apitu pariNAmI nitya hai / jitane bhI dravya hote haiM, ve sabhI parivartanazIla to hote hI haiM / ina paramANuoM ke guNoM meM bhI tAratamya hotA rahatA hai, jaise sparza-guNa ko leM / sparzaguNa meM mukhyataH cAra bAteM pAyI jAtI haiM - ThaNDA, garama, cikanA, aura ruukhaa| cikane aura rUkhe para hama dRSTipAta kareMge; kyoMki inhIM ke kAraNa bandha aura mukti hai| cikane se tAtparya AkarSaNa aura rUkhepana se tAtparya vikarSaNa se hai jise vaijJAnika proTona (AkarSaNa) aura ilekTrona (vikarSaNa) kahate haiN| 1 jIva kA saMsAra ina puloM kA AtmA se saMyoga ke kAraNa hI hai / jIva mithyAtvAdi kriyAoM se karma pugaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai aura ve karma pugala hI saMsAra kA nirmANa karate haiM / mana, vacana aura kAya - ina pugaloM kI hI dena hai / jainadarzana ne zvAsa ko bhI pudgala mAnA hai / AkAza ke pratyeka pradeza meM anantAnanta paramANu bhare par3e haiM / pariNamanazIla hone ke kAraNa ye paramANu svataH rUkSa aura snigdha hote rahate haiM / ye rUkSa aura snigdha rUpoM meM vibhakta paramANu vijJAna ko proTona aura ilekTrona ke rUpa 1 251 For Personal & Private Use Only

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meM mAnya haiM / ye AkarSita hone aura AkarSita karane kI zakti se yukta haiN| ina paramANuoM meM se eka vargajise jainasiddhAnta meM kArmaNa vargaNA kahate haiM, AtmA kI kriyAoM se AkRSTa hokara AtmapradezoM se ekakSetrAvagAha rUpa meM cipaka jAte haiM jinheM zuddha kriyA ke abhAva meM alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ina pudgala paramANuoM ke sammizraNa kI avasthA meM AtmA ko eka apekSA se padala bhI kahA jAtA hai| pudgala kI saMyogAvasthA AtmA ko azuddha banA detI hai aura yaha azuddhAvasthA jaba taka samApta nahIM hotI taba taka AtmA apane sthAyI AvAsa siddhapada ko upalabdha nahIM krtii| jainadarzana ke pratipAdana kA kendrabindu jIva hai : jainadarzana kA eka mAtra lakSya hai jIva; jIva ko jAnanA, use samajhanA aura usakI saMpUrNa zuddhi ke prayAsa krnaa| ajIva kA svarUpa aura paricaya dene kA kAraNa bhI jIva hI hai| jaba hama yaha samajha leM ki jIva kyA hai aura ajIva kyA hai? tabhI ajIva se jIva ko mukta karane kA puruSArtha kara sakate haiN| jaba taka usakA saMpUrNa paricaya prApta nahIM kara lete, taba taka jIva ko ajIva se mukta nahIM karAyA jA sktaa| jitanA sUkSma vargIkaraNa jainadarzana ne jIva kA kiyA hai, anya darzana nahIM kara pAye aura isI vargIkaraNa ke kAraNa jainadarzana kI ahiMsA bhI utanI hI sUkSma hotI gyii| jIva kA apanA mUla svabhAva hai samatA, saralatA aura virakti / yaha ThIka vaise hI hai jisa prakAra 'jala' mUla svabhAva se zItala hai, parantu Aga ke saMyoga ke kAraNa garma hotA hai aura kRtrima sAdhanoM se alaga hote hI punaH mUla svarUpa meM sthira bana jAtA hai| yahA~ yadi yaha prazna uThAyA jAye ki jIva meM karma kA saMyoga kaba se hai, to isakA samAdhAna yahI hai ki anAdi se| jisa prakAra khAna kA sonA kaba azuddha banA- isakA uttara samAyavadhi ke rUpa meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA, vaise hI AtmA kA karma-saMyoga kaba banA, isakA uttara nahIM diyA jA sktaa| hA~ itanA nizcita hai ki ekabAra zuddha hone ke bAda punaH vaha azuddha nahIM hotaa| 252 For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA zabdAtIta mAnI gayI hai; kyoMki vaha amUrta hai| amUrtta kA na AkAra hotA hai na rUpa / jitanA bhI AkAra hai vaha sArA pudgala kA hai| bhAratIya manISiyoM meM mAtra cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI ne AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| mAtra svIkRti hI dI - aisA bhI nahIM hai, usake svarUpa aura vizleSaNa meM apanA pUrA dhyAna kendrita kiyA hai / bhinna-bhinna matoM kA kAraNa bhI yahI rahA / jinheM jo satya tathya lagA, use unhoMne siddhAnta kA rUpa de diyA / upaniSad kI dRSTi brahmavAdI dRSTi hai| unhoMne saMsAra ko brahma kA aMza mAnA hai / jainadarzana jIva ko svatantra astitva yukta mAnatA hai| isameM caitanya sahaja svAbhAvika hai / jIva bhI anAdi ananta hai / yaha saMsAra jIva rahita kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| jisa prakAra gaNita meM ananta meM se ananta nikAleM to ananta hI zeSa raheMge, vaise hI ananta jIva mokSa ko prApta kara leM phira bhI ananta jIva saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate raheMge / jIva kA vikAsa usake svayaM ke puruSArtha para nirbhara karatA hai / nigoda se jIva kI vikAsa yAtrA prArambha hotI hue mokSa taka pahu~cakara pUrNatA ko prApta karatI hai / zakti kI dRSTi se sabhI jIva samAna haiM, cAhe ekendriya jIva ho yA paMcendriya, balAbala kI samAnatA hone para bhI kucha jIva pUrNatA ko upalabdha kara lete haiM aura kucha jIva bhaTakate rahate haiM / isakA kAraNa jIva kI svAbhAvika ananta aura asIma zakti ko kucha to puruSArtha dvArA prakaTa kara dete haiM aura kucha jIva puruSArthahIna hokara jahA~-tahA~ bhramaNa karate rahate haiM / jIva ke saMbandha meM jainadarzana kI anya darzanoM se alaga vilakSaNa aura alaukika mAnyatA yahI hai ki jainadarzana meM Izvara Adarza yA preraka jarUra hai parantu isake atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hai| jIva svayaM hI apane puruSArtha dvArA apanI maMjila taya karatA hai tathA Izvaratva ko upalabdha kara letA hai| pratyeka AtmA paramAtmAsvarUpa hai / aisA nahIM ki eka hI Izvara hai aura anya sabhI bhakta ke rUpa meM hI rahate haiM / apitu pratyeka AtmA Izvara - zakti se saMpanna hai / 253 For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadarzana ke AcArapakSa kI sthApanA kA kAraNa jIva kI apanI satA aura zaktiyoM kA prakaTa karanA hI hai / jIva ke vargIkaraNa kI sUkSmatA ko pahacAna karake hama apane Apako una jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata kareM evaM apane nija svarUpa ananta jJAna, darzana, cAritra ko upalabdha kreN| 254 For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha - grantha sUcI 3. akalaMkatrayI- akalaMka deva, saM. mahendrakumAra zAstrI, pra. siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda san 1939 adhyAtma rahasya - (hindI vyAkhyA sahita) paM. AzAdhara saM.paM. jugala kizora mukhtAra, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, dillI san 1957 adhyAtmakAla mArtaNDaH- paM. rAjamallajI, saM. praM. darabArIlAla koThiyA, paM. paramAnanda jaina, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura, prathamAvRtti san 1944. . adhyAtma mata parIkSA- raci. yazovijaya, pra. divya darzana TrasTa 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4 pra. saM. adhi-nItizAstra ke mukhya siddhAMta - DaoN. vedaprakAza zarmA, pra. alAITa pablizarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, 15 je. ena. hireDiyA mArga, bailarDa esTeTa bambaI,pra. saM. 1987 anuyogadvAra sUtra- caturtha khaNDa, saM. devakumAra jaina pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1987 abhinava paryAyavAcI zabda koSa-satyapAla gupta va zyAmakapUra, pra. Arya buka Dipo, nayI dillI, san 1960 aSTasahasrI- prathama bhAga, zrI vidyAnaMdAcArya, jJAnamati mAtAjI pra. di. jainatriloka zodha saMsthAna hastinApura (u.pra.) pra. saM. 1972. aSTa pAhuDa-cayanikA- saM. DaoN. kamalacaMda sogAnI, pra. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, pra. saM. 1987 aSTa pAhuDa (hindI vacanikA sahita)- kundakuMdAcArya, pra. anaMtakIrti mANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI, pra. saM. 1916. 11. aSTasahasrI- vidyA nandi, sa. guruvara gopAladAsa, pra. nAthUlAla gAMdhI zrI nAthAraMgajI, san 1915. 12. arhat-pravacana-sa. paM. cenasukhadAsa, pra. Atmodaya granthamAlA. 7. 255 For Personal & Private Use Only

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13. Agamayuga kA jainadarzana-paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pra. sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, san 1966. 14. AcArAMga cayanikA - saM. DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI, pra. prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura di. saM. 1987. 15.. AcArAMga niyukti- bhadrabAhu (di.) pra. siddhacakra sAhitya pracAraka samiti, bambaI, vi.saM. 1935. 16. AtmAnuzAsana - le. guNabhadra, saM. bAlacaMdra siddhAMtazAstrI, pra. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, tR. saM. 1987 17. AtmamImAMsA- (hindI vivecana sahita) paM. mUlacandrajI zAstrI, pra.zrI zAntivIra di. jaina saMsthAna, san 1970 18. AtmavAda-le. muni phUlacandra 'zramaNa' saM. muni samadarzI, pra. prAcArya zrI AtmArAja jaina prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA pra.saM.1965. 19. Atma tattva vicAra- prathama bhAga, zrImad lakSmaNa sUrIzvarajI ma., saM. zrI kIrtivijaya gaNivara, pra. bI.bI. mehatA. , 20. Atma-prasiddhi-le. harilAla jaina, zrI seThI di. jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, . vI. ni. saM. 2490. 21. AtmamImAMsA kI tattvadIpikA nAmaka vyAkhyA- racita A. samantabhadra, le. pro. udayacandra jaina, pra. zrI gaNezavaNI digambara jaina saMsthANa nariyA, vArANasI, pra. saM. vI. ni. saM. 2401 22. AptaparIkSA- vidyAnanda, anu. paM. darabArIlAla jaina, pra. vIra sevA maMdira, sahAranapura, san 1949. 23. AyAro-saM. muni nathamala, pra. jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM, vi.saM.2031. 24. AlApa paddhati- devasena, saM.paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI. san.1971 25. uttarAdhyayana sUtra- prathama khaNDa (1 se 10) saM. zrIcaMda surANA 'sarasa' pra. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, bApU bAjAra, jayapura pra. saM. 1987. 256 For Personal & Private Use Only

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26. uttarAdhyayana sUtra - dvitIya khaNDa ( 11 se 22) saM. zrIcaMda surANA 'sarasa' pra. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, bApU bAjAra, jayapura pra. saM. 1985. 27. uttarAdhyayana sUtra - tRtIya khaNDa (23 se 36) saM. zrIcaMda surANA 'sarasa' pra. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, bApU bAjAra, jayapura pra. saM. 1980. 28. kundakundAcArya kI pramukha kRtiyoM meM dArzanika dRSTi- suSamA gaoNMga, nirde. DaoN. dayAnaMda bhArgava, pra. bhAratIya vidyA prakAzana, 1 yU. bI. javAhara nagara baiglo roDa dillI, pra. saM. 1982. hindI anu. pro. 29. gaNadharavAda - gujarAtI, le. paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, pRthvIrAja, pra. rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratIya saMsthAna jayapura, pra. saM. 1982. 30. gaNadhAravAda - le. paM. zrI. bhAnuvijayajI, pra. divyadarzana pra. vijJAna, AtmAnanda jaina sabhA bhavana, ghI vAloM kA rAstA, jayapura-3. 31. gaNitAnuyoga - sa muni kanhaiyAlAla kamala, pra. Agama anuyoga TrasTa, ahamadAbAda vI. ni.saM. 2495. 32. grIka evaM madhyayugIna darzana kA vaijJAnika itihAsa - le. jagadIza sahAya zrIvAstaka, pra. kitAba mahala, 15 thAnI hila roDa, ilAhAbAda, pra. saM. 1968 33. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa (hindI anuvAda sahita ) - nemIcandAcArya siddhAMtacakravartI, dvitIyAvRtti, pra. rAyacandra jaina zAstrAmAlA, paramazruta, prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, vI. ni. saM. 2453. 34. jaina dharma darzana - le. muni nathamala, pra. seTha mannAlAlajI surANA memoriyala TrasTa 81 saMdarbha evenyU kalakattA - 29, pra. saM. 1960 35. jaina dharma - le. DaoN saMpUrNAnanda, pra. maMtrI sAhitya vibhAga bhA. di. jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA pra. saM. 1948. 36. jaina darzana aura anekAnta - yuvAcAya mahAprajJa, pra. kamaleza caturvedI, prabandhaka, Adarza sAhitya saMgha curU (rAja.).. 37. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna-muni zrI nagarAjajI, saM. sohanalAla, pra. rAmalAlapurI, saMcAlaka, AtmArAma eNDa sansa kazmIrI geTa, dillI 257 For Personal & Private Use Only

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6, san 1959 38. jainadarzana meM Atma vicAra - le. DaoN. lAlacanda jaina pra. pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI - 5 pra. saM. 1984. 39. jaina bhAratI - le. zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI, pra. di. jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura (meraTha) pra. saM. 1990 40. jainadarzana: Adhunika dRSTi- DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, pra. samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala, bApU bAjAra, jayapura pra. saM. 1984 41. jaina siddhAMta - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI pra. saM. 1983. 42. jaina tattva mImAMsA - phUlacandra siddhAMta zAstrI, pra. azoka prakAzana maMdira 2/ 38 bhadainI, vArANasI. 43. jaina darzana meM padArtha vijJAna - le. jinendra varNI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAbana bI/45-47 kanaoNTa plesa, nayI dillI, pra. saM. 1977. 44. jainendra- siddhAMta - koza - dvitIya bhAga, jinendra varNI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, nayI dillI, dvi. saM. 1986. 45. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga dvitIya, le. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pra. rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratIya saMsthAna, jayapura pra. saM. 1982. 46. tattvArthazlokavArtikam - vidyAnandi, saM. paM. manoharalAla, pra. gAMdhI nAthAraMga - jaina granthamAlA, nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI vI. ni. sa. 2444. 47. taittirIya upaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura. 48. tarkabhASA - kezava mizra, pra. saM. sI., cauka, vArANasI. 49. tarka saMgraha - annaMga bhaTTa, pra. haridAsa saMskRta granthamAlA saMskRta sIrIja oNphisa, vArANasI, saptama sa., vi. saM. 2026 50. tattvArthavRtti ( hindI sAra sahita ) zrutasAgara, saM. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI. 51. tattvavijJAna - zrImadrAyacandra, pra. zrI madrAyacandra jJAna pracAraka TrasTa, 258 For Personal & Private Use Only

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rAjabhavana, dillI daravAjA bAhara ahamadAbAda, pra. saM. 1963. 52. tattvArthasUtra - vAcaka umAsvAti, TI. sukhalAla, pra. jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI, san 1952. 53. tattvArtharAjavArtika - bhAga 1,2 - AcArya akalaMka deva, saM. paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, san 1956. 54. tattvajJAna - le. DaoN. dIvAnacanda, pra. hindI sUcanA vibhAga uttarapradeza, 1968. 55. darzana ke mUla prazna- DaoN. zivanArAyaNa lAla zrIvAstava, pra. madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI bhopAla pra. saM. 1981 56. darzana aura ciMtana - le. paM. sukhalAla, khaNDa prathama, dvitIya pra.paM. sukhalAlajI sanmAna-samiti gujarAta vidyAsabhA ahamadAbAda pra. saM. 1957. 57. darzana aura anekAnta - le. paM. haMsarAja zarmA, pra. zrI AtmAnaMda jaina pustaka pracAraka - maNDala rozana mohallA AgarA, pra. saM. 1928. 58. darzana pAhuDa - kundakundAcArya, pra. - mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, bambaI, pra. saM. vi. saM. 1977. 59. dIgha nikAya - (hindI) anuvAdaka - rAhula sAMskRtyAyana, pra. mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, san 1936. 60. dravyAnubhava ratnAkara - abhayadevasUri, le. cidAnandajI. 61. dvaita vedAnta kA tAttvika anuzIlana- DaoN. kRSNakAnta caturvedI, pra. vidyAmaMdira, dillI, san 1971. 62. dharma darzana, manana aura mUlyAMkana - le. devendramuni zAstrI, pra. zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura pra. saM. 1985. 63. dharma aura darzana - le. devendramuni, pra . sanmati jJAnapITha, lohAmaMDI, AgarA2 pra. saM. 1961. 64. dhammapada - anuvAdaka rAhula sAMskRtyAyana, pra. mahAbodhi - sabhA, pra. saM. 1933. 259 For Personal & Private Use Only sAranAtha

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65. dhavalA (hindI anavAda sahita)- vIrasena, paM. saM., amarAvatI 66. nyAyamaMjarI- nyAyabhaTTaviracita, saM. nagInajI zAha, prathama Ahnikam prakAzaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira ahamadAbAda-9, pra. saM. 1975. 67. nyAyamaMjarI- nyAyabhaTTa viracita, saM. nagInajI zAha dvitIya Ahnikam prakAzaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmanadira, ahamadAbAda-9, pra.saM. 1978. 68. nyAyamaMjarI- nyAyabhaTTaviracita, saM. nagIjanI zAha tRtIya Ahnikam, prakAzaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda-9, pra.saM. 1984. 69. nyAyamaMjarI-nyAyabhaTTaviracita, saM. nagIjanI zAha tRtIya Ahnikam, prakAzaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda-9, pra. saM.1989. 70. niyamasAra- vyA. padmaprabhamadhArideva, gujarAtI anuvAdaka paM. himmata jeThAlAla zAha, hindI anuvAdaka paM. parameSThIdAsa, pra. zrI kundakunda kahAna digambara jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura pra. saM. 1988.. 71. niyamasAra- kundakundAcArya, pra. jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, hIrAbAga, bambaI; 1916. 72. nayacakra, mAilla dhavala-saM. aura hindI TIkA vyAkhyAkAra paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pra. saM. 1971. 73. nyAyakumudacandra- prabhAcandAcanarya (bhAga1-2) saM. paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyazAstrI, pra. - maMtrI zrI nAthurAma pramI mANikacandra di. jaina granthamAlA, hIrAbAga, giragAMva, bambaI-4, prabhamAvRtti vI.ni.saM. 2464 74. nyAyadIpikA, abhinava dharma bhUSaNa, saM. aura anuvAdaka nyAyacAyara paM. darabArIlAla jaina koThiyA, pra.-vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, jilA sahAranapura, prathamAvRtti 1945. 75. nyAyadarzana (vAtsAyana bhASya sahita), saM. zrInArAyaNa mizra, pra. caukhambhA saM. sIrIja vArANasI, dvitIya saM. 1970 260 For Personal & Private Use Only

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76. nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa, bhaTTAkalaMkadeva, saM.paM. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, pra.saM. 1954. 77. nyAyasUtraH gautama RSi, saM.paM. zrIrAma zarmA, AcArya saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, pra. saM. 1964. 78. nyAyAvatAra vArtika vRttiH zAntisUri, saM. paM. dalamukha-mAlavaNiyA, pra. siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, prathamAvRtti, san1949. 79. nayacakrasAra ane guruguNa chattIsI- zrImaddevacandajI zrI adhyAtma darzana pracAraka maNDala pADarA dvitIyAvRtti saMvat 1985. 80. nandIsUtra - vyA. zrI AtmArAmajI ma., pra.A. zrI AtmArAmajI jaina samiti, ludhiyAnA, sanapa 1966. 81. nayadarpaNa- bhAga prathama, dvitIya, le. jinendravarNI, pra.di. jaina pAramarthika saMsthAe~ javerIbAga, indaura (ma.pra.) pra.saM. 1965. 82. prajJApanA sUtra- prathama khaNDa, saM. jJAnamuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra.saM. 1983. 83. prajJApanA sUtra -dvitIya khaNDa, saM.jJAnamuni, pra.zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra.saM. 1984. 84. prajJApanA sUtra -tRtIya khaNDa, saM. jJAnamuni, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra.saM. 1980. 85. pravacanasAra sUtra- zrI amRtacandAcArya deva kRta tattvadIpikA nAmaka saMskRta TIkA evaM zrI jayasenAcAryadeva viracita tAtparya vRtti nAmaka saMskRta TIkA ..sahita, pra. zrI vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraNa TrasTa, 602, kRSNAnagara, bhAvanagara (guja.) pra. saM. vi. saM. 2026.. pravacana ratnAkara- prathama khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, anuvAdaka paM. .. ratanacandra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara -jayapura pra. saM. 1981. 87. pravacana ratnAkara-dvitIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, anuvAdaka paM. 261 For Personal & Private Use Only

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ratanacandra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara -jayapura pra. saM. 1982. 88. pravacana ratnAkara-tRtIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, anuvAdaka paM. ratanacandra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara -jayapura pra. saM. 1983. 89. pravacana ratnAkara- caturtha khaNDa, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, anuvAdaka paM. ratanacandra bhArilla, pra. paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara -jayapura pra. saM. 1985. pramANa naya tattvAlokaH vivecana aura anuvAdaka paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla nyAyatIrtha, pra. Atma jAgRti kAryAlaya, zrI jaina gurukula zikSaNa saMgha, byAvara (rAja.) prathamAvRtti san 1942. prameyakamalamArtaNDaH prabhAcandrAcArya, saM.paM. mahendrakumAra zAstrI, pra.-nirNaya sAgara presa, dvitIya saM. 1941 92. prameyaratnamAlA (hindI vyAkhyA sahita) laghu anaMtavIrya, vyAkhyAkAra tathA saMpAdaka paM. zrI hIrAlAlajI jaina, caukhambhA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI, pra.saM.vi.saM. 2020. 93. pravacanasAraH kundakundAcArya- saMpAdaka A. ne upAdhye, pra. parama zruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, agAsa tRtIya saM. 1964. 94. paMcAdhyAyI (pUrvArdha-uttarArdha): paM. rAjamala, saM.paM. phUlacaMda siddhAMta zAstrI, varNI granthamAlA vArANasI. pataMjali yogadarzana bhASyaH maharSi vyAsadeva, pra. zrI lakSmI nivAsa car3aka, ajamerata dvitIya saM. san 1961. 96. puruSArtha siddhyupAya (hindI anuvAda sahita): amRtacandrAsUri, pra.bhA.jai. si. pra. saM. kalakattA, vI.saM. 2452. 97. paramAtmaprakAzaH (saMskRta vRtti evaM hindI bhASA TIkA sahita): yogIndradeva, saM. AdinAtha nemInAtha upAdhye, pra. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, 95. 262 For Personal & Private Use Only

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98. rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA jauharI bAjAra, bambaI-2, dvitIya saM.vi.saM.2017. pramANaprameya kalikA- racita narendrasena, le.zrI hIrAlAla zAstrI, saM. darabArIlAla jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI,pra.saM.vI.ni.saM.2487. paMcAstikAya saMgrahaH (hindI anuvAda sahita) prApti sthAna zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa sonagar3ha (saurASTra). 100. pAzcAtya Adhunika darzana kI samIkSAtmaka vyAkhyA-saM.yA.masIha, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa, baMgalo roDa javAharanagara, dillI,pra.saM. 1933. 101. prazamarati- prathama bhAga, racita umAsvAti, vivecana bhadragupta vijayajI gaNivara, pra. zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, kamboI nagara ke pAsa, mehasAnA (guja.).pra. saM. vi. saM. 2042. 102. prazamarati-dvitIya bhAga, racita umAsvAti, vivecana bhadragupta vijayajI gaNivara, pra. zrI vizvakalyANa prakAzana TrasTa, kamboI nagara ke pAsa, mehasAnA (guja.) pra. saM. vi. saM. 2042.. 103. prazna vyAkaraNa sUtra - anuvAdaka hastimalajI muni, pra. zrI hastimalajI . surANA, pAlI, san 1950 104. bRhat -dravyasaMgraha- racita nemIcandra siddhAntintadeva, anuvAdaka rAjakizorajI jaina, pra. zrI vItarAga sat sAhitya pracAraka TrasTa bhAvanagara, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2033 105. bhAratIya darzana- prathama khaNDa, saM. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, pra. rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI -6, pra. saM. 1972. 106. bhAratIya darzana- dvitIya khaNDa, saM. DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan, pra. rAjapAla eNDa saMsa, kazmIrI geTa, dillI-6, pra. saM. 1973. 107. bhAratIya darzana- le. baladeva, pra. caukhambhA oriyanTAliyA posTa bAksa - naM. 1031 vArANasI (u.pra.) pra.saM. 1990. 108. bhAratIya darzana- le. cakradhara zarmA, pra. motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa ... baMgalo roDa javAharanagara, dillI pra. saM. 1990 263 For Personal & Private Use Only

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109. bhAratIya darzana kI rUparekhA-saM. ema. hiriyannA, pra. rAjakamala prAiveTa limiTeDa 8, netAjI subhASa mArga, nayI dillI pra. saM. 1965. 110. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna- DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pra. madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSadapa bhopAla san 1962. 111. bhagavAna mahAvIra Adhunika sandarbha meM-saM. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata saha saM.DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvat, pra. zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, samatA bhavana rAmapuriyA sar3aka, bIkAnera (rAja.) pra. saM. 1974. .. 112. mokSamArga prakAzaka- le. paM. ToDaramala, saM. DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, pra. satsAhitya prakAzana evaM pracAra vibhAga, zrI kundakunda kahAna, di. jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa e-4 bApUnagara jypur| 113. mUlAcAra- racita A. vaTTakera, TIkAnuvAda jJAnamatIjI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI pra. saM. 1944. 114. mImAMsA darzana- maNDana mizra, pra. rameza buka Dipo, jayapura, pra. saM. san 1955. 115. mImAMsA darzana (zAbara bhASya): zAbara svAmI) ku. cauka kAzI. 116. muNDakopaniSad- gItA presa gorakhapura. 117. yogasAra (hindI anuvAda sahita): amita gati, pra. bhAratIya jaina siddhAMta prakAzinI saMsthA kalakattA, pra.sana.vI.ni.saM. 2444. 118. yogasAra (paramAtma prakAza ke antargata saMskRta chAyA aura hindI sAra), yogIndra deva, pra. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrI rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, dvi.saM. vi. saM. 2017. 119. yogadRSTi samuccaya- A. haribhadrasUrIzvara racita, vyAkhyAta, bhuvanabhAnu sUrIzvara, saM. padmasena vijaya bhAga, pra. divya darzana TrasTa 68 gulAlabAr3I bambaI, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2040. 120. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra- A. vasunandikRta saM. hIrAlAla siddhAMtazAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI pra. saM. 1966. 264 For Personal & Private Use Only

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129. vaizeSika darzana ( prazasta pAdabhASya: maharSi prazastapAda deva. caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa vArANasI, pra. saM. 1966. 122. vivAhapaNNattisUtraM - prathama bhAga, paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dosI, pra. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, paM. saM. 1974. 123. vivAhapaNNattisUtraM - dvitIya bhAga, saM paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dosI, pra. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, paM. saM. 1978. 124 vivAhapaNNattisUtraM - tRtIya bhAga, saM paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dosI, pra. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, paM. saM. 1978. 125. vivAhapaNNattisUtraM - caturtha bhAga, saM paM. becaradAsa jIvarAja dosI, pra. zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, paM. saM. 1978. 126 vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - prathama bhAga, saM. amaramuni pra. zrI Agama prakAzanasamiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982. " 127 vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - dvitIya bhAga, saM. amaramuni, pra: zrI Agama prakAzanasamiti byAvara- (rAja.) pra. saM. 1983. 128. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - tRtIya bhAga, saM. amaramuni pra. zrI Agama prakAzanasamiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1985. 129. vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra - caturtha bhAga, saM. amaramuni pra. zrI Agama prakAzanasamiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1986. 130. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-bhAga prathama, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa viracita, maladhArI zrI hemacaMdrasUri viracitam, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, tIsarA mAlA bambaI, pa.saM. 2039. 131 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya - bhAga dvitIya, zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamA zramaNa viracita, maladhArI zrI hemacaMdrasUri viracitam, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, tIsarA mAlA bambaI, pa.saM. 2039. 132. rAjapraznIya sUtra - dvitIya khaNDa, saM. ratanamuni pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, pIpaliyA bAjAra byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982. 265 For Personal & Private Use Only

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133. zrI lalita vistarA- hindI vivecana prakAzana sahita, racita. zrI haribhadra sUrIzvara. 134. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA TIkA, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvara, vyAkhyAkAra yathovijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI prathama stabaka, prakAzaka caukhambhA oriyanTAliyaka, po.A. caukhambhA po. bAksa naM. 32 gokula bhavana ke. 37/109 gopAla maMdira lena, vArANasI, pra.saM. 1977. 135. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, dvitIya stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. 136. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA,tRtIya stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. 137. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, caturtha stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. 138. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, paMcama stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. pra. saM. vi. saM. 2039. 139. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, saptama stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya darzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. praM. saM. vi. saM. 2040. 140. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, aSTama stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya rdana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. praM. saM. vi. saM. 2038. 266 For Personal & Private Use Only

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141. zAstravArtA- samuccaya aura usakI syAdvAda-kalpalatA, navama, dazama, ekAdaza stabaka, racita A. haribhadrasUrIzvarajI, vyA. yazevijaya gaNivarya, hindI vivecana paM. zrI badarInAthajI, pra. divya rdana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, bambaI-4. 142. SaDdarzana rahasya- paM. raMganAtha pAThaka, pra. vihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad paTanA u.pra. saM. 1958. 143. SaDdarzana-samuccaya-haribhadrasUri viracita, saM. DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAza, nayI dillI saM. 1981 / 144. SaDkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA evaM hindI anuvAda sahita) bhUtabali puSpadanta, pra. jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI, pra. AvRtti san 1939. 145. sUtra kRtAGga sUtra- prathama khaNDa, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1982. 146. sUtra kRtAGga sUtra- dvitIya khaNDa, pra. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM..1982. apraila. 147. sthAnAMga sUtra (ThANaM sUtra) - saM. muni nathamala, pra. jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM - (rAja.) pra. saM. 1976. 148. sabhASya tattvArthAdhima sUtra- racita zrI umAsvAti, anuvAdaka paM. khUbacaMdajI, pra. mIThAlAla revAzaMkara jagajIvana jhaverI, A. vyavasthApaka paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maMDala jhaverI bAjAra, bambaI-2 pra. saM. 1932. 149. samayasAra-racita zrImad kundakundAcArya deva, gujarAtI TIkAkAra zrI .. himmatalAla jeThAlAla zAha hindI anuvAdaka paM. parameSThIdAsajI, pra. zrI . vItarAga sat sAhitya prasAraka TrasTa bhAvanagara (guja.) pra. saM. vI.ni. saM. 2505. 150. syAdvAdamaMjarI-racita hemaracandrAcArya, saM. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina pra. zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala zrImadrAmacandra Azrama agAsa pra. saM. 1979. 151. sarvadarzanasaMgraha (hindI TIkA sahita), mAdhavAcArya, pra. caukhambhA saMskRta .. sIrIja, vArANasI. 267 For Personal & Private Use Only

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152. sAMkhyakArikA (goDapAdabhASya): IzvarakRSNa, dR.ku. caukAsI vi.saM. 1872. 153. sAMkhyasUtram-kapilamuni, saM. zrI rAmazaMkara bhaTTAcArya, pra. bhAratIya vidyA. prakAzana, vArANasI, vi. saM. 2022. 154. siddhivinizcaya-TIkA, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI pra. saM. san 1951. 155. syAdvAda ratnAkara- bhAga prathama, zrI madvAdidevasUri viraciMta, pra. bhAratIya buka kArporezana, 1 yU. bI. javAharanagara, baiglo roDa, dillI, pra. saM. 1988. 156. syAdvAda ratnAkara- bhAga dvitIya, zrI madvAdidevasUri viracita, pra. bhAratIya buka kArporezana, 1 yU. bI. javAharanagara, baiglo roDa, dillI, pra. saM. 1988. 157. savArtha siddhi- racita zrImadAcArya pUjyapAda, saM. paM. phUlacandra zAstrI, pra. bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 18 insTITyUzanala eriyA, lodhI roDa, nayI dillI-3 pra.saM. 158. sammati tarka prakaraNa- khaNDa prathama, siddhasena divAkara, vyAkhyAkAra A. abhayadevasUrijI, pra. seTha motIzA lAlabAga jaina TrasTa pAjarA pola kampAuNDa-bhulezvara, bambaI, pra. saM. vi. saM. 2040. 159. sAMkhya-tattva-kaumudI-vAcaspati mizra, hi.TI. gajAnaMda zAstrI, pra. caukhambhA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI, vi.saM. 2028. 160. saptabhaMgI taraMgiNI-vimaladAsa, hi.TI. manoharalAlajI, pra. paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI, san 1916. 161. siddhAMtasAra-AcArya nemIcandra, saM. e. ena. upAdhye va DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pra. jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura san 1972. 162. zrI puSkara muni abhinaMdana grantha, pra. puSkara munijI abhinaMdana grantha prakAzana samiti, zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) pra. saM. 1979. 163. zrI kastUracandrajI ma. janma zatAbdI grantha, pra. zrI pratApa muni jJAnAlaya, 268 For Personal & Private Use Only

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bar3I sAdar3I (rAja.). 164. muni hajArImala smRti grantha, pra. muni hajArIlAla smRti grantha prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAja.) pra. saM. 1965. 165. sAdhvI zrI puSvavatI - abhinaMdana grantha, pra. zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapUra (rAja.) pra. saM. 1987. 166. kasuma abhinandana grantha, pra. zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, zAstrI sarkala, udayapura (rAja.) pra. saM. 1990 167. marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImalajI abhinaMdana grantha, pra. marudhara kesarIabhinaMdana grantha prakAzana samiti jodhapura, pra. saM. 1968. 168. bra. paM. candAbAI abhinandana grantha, pra. a. bhA. di. jaina mahilA pariSad zrI jaina bAlAH dharmakuMja, dhanupurA ArA, vI. ni. saM. 2480. 169. SPACE, TIME AND GRAVITATION SIR ARTHUR, EDDINGTON CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEWYORK. 170. PHILOSOPHY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE-A EDDINGTON, OXFORD PRESS. 171. SCIENCE AND UNSEEN WORLD - A. N. WHITE HEAD. 172. THE NATURE OF THE PHYSICAL WORLD EINSTEIN. 173. PRASAMRATIPRAKARAN, EDITED AND TRANSLATED DR. Y.S.SHASTRI L.D. INSTITUTE OF .INDOLOGY AHEDMDABAD - 1984. 174. TRAREVESES ONLESS TRODDEN, PATH OF INDIAN PHILOSOSPHY AND RELIGION, BY Y.S.SHASTRI, L.D. INSTITUTE OF INDOLOGY AHEMDABAD - 1991. 175. vaijJAnika arntadRSTi, barTeNDa rasala anudita, rAjakamala prakAzana, nayI dillI. 176. paiMtIsa bola vivaraNa, muni kAntisAgara, hari vihAra, pAlItAnA. 269 For Personal & Private Use Only

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30 rU 30 rU 30rU 30 rU or m hamAre prakAzana pravacana sAhitya...... uTha jAga musAphira bhora bhai (aprApya) amara bhaye nA mareMge (aprApya) bItI rajanI jAga jAga (aprApya) jaya siddhAcala (aprApya) tIrthaMkara tAraNahAra re (aprApya) maNimaMthana/maNiprabhasAgara jAgaraNa/maNiprabhasAgara vidyut taraMgeM/sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA navaprabhAta/maNiprabhasAgara pAtheya/AcArya jinakAntisAgarasUri anugUMja/AcArya jikAntisAgarasUri prIta prabhu se kIjiye/sAdhvI vijJAMjanAzrI prArthanA/saMkalana kAvya sAhitya. ciMtana cakra (aprApya) amIjharaNA (aprApya) pUjana sudhA (aprApya) vaMdanA (aprApya) baja uThI bAMsurI (aprApya) samarpaNa (aprApya) cauvIzI (aprApya) zatrujaya stavanAvalI (aprApya) saMgIta ke svara (aprApya) 30rU or . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 For Personal & Private Use Only

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swi swi swae swae swae yi stuti stavana sajjhAya saMgraha (aprApya) RSidattA rAsa/maNiprabhasAgara malayasaMdarIrAsa/maNiprabhasAgara pUjana vATikA /maNiprabhasAgara nAca uThA mana mora/maNiprabhasAgara sudhArasa/maNiprabhasAgara pratidhvani/maNiprabhasAgara kathA sAhitya. rAhI aura rAstA (aprApya) adhUrA sapanA (aprApya) / inase zikSA lo (aprApya) gurUdeva kI kahAniyA~ bhAga 1,2 (aprApya) bhIgI bhIgI khuzbU (aprApya) dizA bodha (aprApya) jaTAzaMkara/maNiprabhasAgara svapnadRSTA/sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA itihAsa................ dAdA citra saMpuTa (aprApya) nAkoDA tIrtha kA itihAsa (aprApya) anubhUti abhivyakti (aprApya) kSamAkalyANacaritram (aprApya) karUNAmayI mAM (aprApya) jaina tIrtha paricAyikA tasmai zrIgurave namaH/maNiprabhasAgara gurUdeva/sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA :11 100 rU keo 30 271 For Personal & Private Use Only

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: bha kuzala gurUdeva /sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA jahAja maMdira kA itihAsa/maNiprabhasAgara paricaya pustikA (aprApya) tatvajJAna........... paMca pratikramaNa vidhi sahita paMca pratikramaNa artha sahita paMca pratikramaNa sUtra do pratikramaNa sUtra do pratikramaNa vidhi sahita pyAsA kaMTha mIThA pAnI/muni manitaprabhasAgara jIvavicAra prakaraNa sArtha/muni manitaprabhasAgara prIta kI rIta/sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA jJAnasAra sArtha/padyAnuvAda/maNiprabhasAgara svAdhyAya mAlA/saMkalana pahalA pATha/saMkalana / 150 rU 40 rU 20rU 40 rU 30rU 3 2rU zodha prabandha....................................... dravya vijJAna/sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA 50 rU sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana/ sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanAzrI . 150 rU vividha............ vihAra DAyarI/maNiprabhasAgara stotra vATikA/saMkalana pravajyA yoga vividha/saM. maNiprabhasAgara dIkSA raMga zAlA bhAga 1 se 8 . 11 272 For Personal & Private Use Only

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pratyeka / mizrImala botharA suprabhAtam / saMkalana bhava AlocanA /muni manitaprabhasAgara kSamApanA / muni manitaprabhasAgara micchAmi dukkaDam / muni manitaprabhasAgara jaina dharma aura vijJAna / DaoN. ema. Ara. gelaDA jahAja maMdira patrikA mAsika-prakAzana paMcAMga kA prativarSa prakAzana presa meM.. dAdAvADI darzanam (presa meM) . bArasA sUtra (presa meM) zramaNAcAra (presa meM) devadravyAdi vicAra (presa meM) * pravAha (presa meM) gurUdeva kI kahAniyA~ (presa meM) vakta kI AvAja (presa meM) navatattva sArtha (presa meM) daMDaka sArtha (presa meM) laghu saMgrahaNI sArtha (presa meM) 273 For Personal & Private Use Only bheMTa 5 rU 5 rU 5 rU 100 rU

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55 . . . . AzIH gaurava aura AhlAda kA viSaya hai ki bahina sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA kA zodha prabaMdha janatA ko prastuta ho rahA hai| vidyutprabhA kI lekhanI samarasatA, pravAhamayatA aura prastutIkaraNa kI anUThI kSamatA kA paryAya hai| usane 'dravya' jaise gUr3ha viSaya para zAstrIya mantavyoM ke sAtha apane cintana ko zabda-svara diyA hai| isa grantha kI mahattA va upayogitA svayaM siddha hai| merA antaHkaraNa isa grantha ke prakAzana kI belA meM pramudita hai, isa bharose ke sAtha ki yaha grantha vidvajjanoM dvArA samAdaraNIya bnegaa| isa apekSA ke sAtha ki aise hI gUr3ha viSayoM para aura bhI cintana calegA, aura kalama bahegI, sAdhvI vidyatprabhA kI ujjvala gati-pragati ke lie maiM AzIrvAda detA huuN| RAMANTILITTA ka Histore Satsanste Use Only

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zrI jinakAntisUrI smAraka jahAja maMdira, mAMDavalA For Personal sPrivateuse only STOR 000000000 000000000