Book Title: Madhyakalin Hindi Jain Sahitya me Rahasya Bhavna
Author(s): Pushpalata Jain
Publisher: Sanmati Vidyapith Nagpur
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010130/1

JAIN EDUCATION INTERNATIONAL FOR PRIVATE AND PERSONAL USE ONLY


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________________ THE FREE INDOLOGICAL COLLECTION WWW.SANSKRITDOCUMENTS.ORG/TFIC FAIR USE DECLARATION This book is sourced from another online repository and provided to you at this site under the TFIC collection. It is provided under commonly held Fair Use guidelines for individual educational or research use. We believe that the book is in the public domain and public dissemination was the intent of the original repository. We applaud and support their work wholeheartedly and only provide this version of this book at this site to make it available to even more readers. We believe that cataloging plays a big part in finding valuable books and try to facilitate that, through our TFIC group efforts. In some cases, the original sources are no longer online or are very hard to access, or marked up in or provided in Indian languages, rather than the more widely used English language. TFIC tries to address these needs too. Our intent is to aid all these repositories and digitization projects and is in no way to undercut them. For more information about our mission and our fair use guidelines, please visit our website. Note that we provide this book and others because, to the best of our knowledge, they are in the public domain, in our jurisdiction. However, before downloading and using it, you must verify that it is legal for you, in your jurisdiction, to access and use this copy of the book. Please do not download this book in error. We may not be held responsible for any copyright or other legal violations. Placing this notice in the front of every book, serves to both alert you, and to relieve us of any responsibility. If you are the intellectual property owner of this or any other book in our collection, please email us, if you have any objections to how we present or provide this book here, or to our providing this book at all. We shall work with you immediately. -The TFIC Team.

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________________ madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM rahasya-bhAvanA (nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya bArA pI-ec. sI. upAdhi ke lie svIkRta goSa- prabandha, 1975) ga. zrImatI puSpalatAna ema. e. (hindI, bhASApina), pI-ec. DI. (hindI, bhASAvijJAna) prAdhyApikA, hindI vibhAga, esa. epha. esa. kAseja, nAgapura (mahArASTra) sanmati vidyApITha mA.vi.jaina mahAsamA nAgapura prakAsana vibhAga

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________________ lakalAka prakAzana mantrI,FETRA TIMEti vidyApITha bI mA.di.na mahAsabhA, myU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura *440001 . .zrImatI puSpalatA jaina prathama saMskaraNa-mArca, 1984 Price-Rs. 100.00 (i) zrI mA.vi. mahAlA kenIya pranyAgAra .. koThArI bhavana, 30-31, naI pAna maNDI, phoTA, rAjasthAna (i) sammati vidyApITha nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura-440001 tiii) motIlAla banArasIrAsa beMgalo ror3a, javAhara navara, naI dillI-110007 (iv) bhavarala vena evaM saMtati 466/2/21, dariyAgaMja, dillI-110006 (v) sumati sAhitya sadana 944, naI bastI dillI-110008 ka-ke. esa. kampojima senTara, manohAroM kA rAstA bayapura, 302003,

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________________ parama pUjyA zvava zrImatI tulasA devI dharmapatnI, sva0 zrI gore lAla jaina ke kara kamaloM meM sAdara samarpita, jinhoMne adhyayana ke lie apekSita mAtRvat snehila vAtAvaraNa pradAna kiyA  /  (htt

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________________ (V) prakAzakIya akhila bhAratavarSIya di. jaina mahAsabhA ke adhyakSa zrI nirmalakumAra seThI (janma 4 julAI, 1938) ninasukhiyA ke suprasiddha vyavasAyI sva. zrI harakacanda seThI ke jyeSTha putra haiM  /  mApane itane hI alpakAla meM jaina samAja ke zIrSastha karmaTha netA aura udAratA ke rUpa meM pratiSThA pajita kara lI hai| bhArata ke hara kone meM pApa ke dhyApArika pratiSThAna haiN| prAdezika paura rASTrIya stara ke aneka pratiSThAnoM ke bhApa adhyakSa prAdi raha cuke haiN| aneka sarakArI DeligesanoM meM pApane videza yAtrAeM bhI kI H-Mam haiM  /  prApake adhyakSa banate hI mahAsabhA ko eka saMjIvanI bUTI upalamma ho gaI hai| digambara jaina tIrtha kSetroM ke jINobAra va vikAsa ke lie bhI pApane prazaMsanIya kArya kiyA hai| apanI naI AkarSaka yojanAoM ke sAtha mApa jaina samAja ke vikAsa meM juTe hue haiN| mApa mRdubhASI, sarala svabhAvI bhora mahaMbhAva se zUnya vyaktitva ke dhanI hai  /  mApase samAja ko bar3I mAzAeM haiN| sAhitya ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhI prApakI abhiruci bar3hI hai| prA.ga. zrImatI malatA jaina hindI sAhitya ke kSetra meM lampa pratikSita viduSI haiN| unake Php. zodha-prabandha "madhyakAlIna.hinyo anakAma meM rahasmabhAvanA' ke prakAzaka meM kApane bhASika sahayoga kiyA hai| hama isake lie Apake pAmArI hai| rAbAjAra seThI maMtrI, sAhitya prakAsana vibhAga bImA.li.na pahalamA

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________________ prAkakapana bhAva ke vaijJAnika yuga meM bhautikavAdI daur3a-dhUpa karane ke bAvajUda vyakti zAnta aura sukhI nahIM hai kyoMki usane pAtmasvabhAva meM sthita na rahakara vaibhAvika kSetra meM vicaraNa karanA zurU kara diyA hai| usane ahaM ko zira para rakhakara svayaM ko sabase bar3A vivekI mora khojI samajha liyA hai  /  isI bhUla aura bhrAnti ne use mAkulamAkula, vyagra tathA prazAnta banA diyA hai| isI se vaha apane mUla svabhAva ko bhUlakara svayaM meM chipe paramAtmA ko bAhara khoja rahA hai| taba vaha mile kaise ? paramAtmapada kI prApti to saMyama, tapa, indriyanigraha, yama, niyama, viveka Adi ke mAdhyama se hI ho sakatI hai| aise sAdhana bhI hara yuga meM hote rahe jo bhItara se jur3akara apane ko dunate rahe, gunate rhe| bhItara kI yaha bunAvaTa kiMvA khulAvaTa mAsma-sAkSAtkAra kI prakriyA kA pariNAma hai  /  isako pAnanda indriyAtIta hai| svAdhIna pora pavyAgAdha hai  /  bhakta mora sAdhaka kaSiyoM ne isa anubhUta mAnanda ko nAnAvidha rUpoM meM abhivyakta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai  /  sAhitya meM yaha pravRti 'rahasyavAda' nAma se abhihita kI gayI hai| sAmAnyataH rahasyavAda kI sRSTi ke lie jIva dhora brahmA kA bhinna-bhinna honA mAvazyaka mAnA gayA hai| jIva brahma se milane ke lie na kevala mAkula-vyAkula rahatA hai, praNaya nivedana karatA hai, varan nAnAvidha bApAmoM ko jaya karane meM bhI apane puruSArtha-parAkrama kA upayoga karatA hai| rahasyavAdI kaSiyoM meM jIva aura brahma ke pArasparika milana aura usakI mAnandAnubhUti kA vibhinna pratIkoM, rUpakoM, ulaTavAsiyoM mAdi ke rUpa meM prabhAvakArI varNana kiyA hai para jaina sAdhanA meM jIva aura brahma ke milana kI nahIM, varan jIva ke hI brahma ho jAne kI sthiti svIkAra kI gayI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jIva apane vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara, samasta karma pudagaloM kI raja haTAkara apanI prAtmA-petamA ko itanA vizuddha pora nirmala banA letA hai

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________________ (VI) ki vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| taba jIva aura brahma meM kiSita bhI antara nahIM rahatA  /  isa dRSTi se jitane bhI jIva kA bama ho jAnA saMbhAga hai| zarta hai kevala apane ko nirmala, vidhura pAra nirvikAra-vItarAga bnaanaa| jaina darzana ke zvara viSayaka isa bhinna dRSTikoNa kAraNa mAlocakoM meM bana rahasyavAda ko lekara mata-vabhinya rahA hai aura use zaMkA kI dRSTi se dekhA hai| para mujhe yaha kahate hue masyanta prasannatA hai ki DA. bImatI puSpalatA jaina ne isa khatare ko uThAkara apane isa zoSa-prabandha 'madhyakAlIna hindI baina kAma meM rahasya. bhAvanA' meM vibhinna zaMkAoM kA sukara samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai dAnika stara para bhI aura sAhityika stara para bhI  /  zrImatI puSpalatA jaina kA adhyayana vistRta paura baharA hai| unhoMne vyApaka phalaka para rahasya-cintana pora rahasma-bhAvanA kA vivecana-vizleSaNa kiyA hai| pATha parivoM meM vibhAjita apane bhopa-prabadha meM jahAM eka mora unhoMne hindI sAhitya ke kAla-vibhAjana, usakI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi, mAdikAlIna evaM madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya pravRttiyoM para prakAza DAlA hai vahIM dUsarI pora rahasyabhAvanA ke svasma, usake bAdhaka evaM sAdhaka tatvoM kA vivecana karate hue jaina rahasyabhAvanA kA saguNa, nirguNa, sUphI va mAdhunika rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| unakA adhyayana pAlocanA evaM gaveSaNA se saMyukta hai| zatAdhika jaina-netara kaviyoM kI racanAmoM kA pAlor3ana-vilor3anakara unhoMne apane jo niSkarSa diye hai ye pramANapurassara hone ke sAtha-sAtha navIna dRSTi aura cintana liye hue haiN| mujhe pUrA vizvAsa hai ki yaha kRti hindI kAvya kI rahasyadhArA ko samaya rUpa se samajhane meM apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaayegii| 23 apraila, 1984 DaoN. narendra mAnAvata esosiyeTa prophesara, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidAlaya, jayapura

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________________ viSayAnukrama ___59-89 upasthApanA : 1.16 1. prathama parivartakAla vibhAjana evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi- 1-19 kAla vibhAjana, sAMskRtika-rAjanItika-dhArmika pRSThabhUmi, vaitika-analoDa dharma, sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi. 2. dvitIya patthita-pAdi kAlIna hindI na kAvya pravRttiyAM- 20-33 3. tRtIya parivarta-madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM- 34-58 prabandha-paurANika-carita-rAsA-rUpaka-adhyAtma-bhakti mUlaka-cUnahI phAgU-liphA-bArahamAsA vivAhalo saMkhyAtmaka-gIti-prakIrNaka kAvya. 4. caturSa parivarta-rahasya bhAvanAH eka vizleSaNa rahasyaH artha aura paribhASA, pramukha tattva, sAdhya-sAdhana aura sAdhaka, adhyAtmavAda aura darzana, rahasyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda, prakAra, paramparA, jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA. paJnama parivarta-rahasya bhAvanA ke bAdhaka tatva 90-129 viSaya vAsanA, zArIrika mamatva, karmajAla, mithyAtva, kaSAya, moha, bAhyADambara, mana kI caMcalatA. SaSTha parivarta-rahasya bhAvanA ke sAdhaka tattva 130-166 sadguru, narabhavadurlabhatA, prAtmasabodhana, prAtmaciMtana, mAtmA-paramAtmA, mAtmA aura pudgala, cittazuddhi, bhedavijJAna, ratnatraya. saptama parivarta-rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~- 167-209 prapatta bhAvanA, navadhA bhakti, sahajayoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA, bhAvamUlakarahasya bhAvanA, prAdhyAtmika prema aura vivAha, mAdhyAtmika holI. paSTama parivarta-rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 210-288 bAdhaka tattva, sAdhaka tattva, bhAvamUlaka rahasya bhAvanA, anubhava, niguNa-saguNa rahasya bhAvanA saura jaina rahasya bhAvanA, madhyakAlIna jaina rahasya-bhAvanA aura mAdhunika rahasyavAda. pariziSTa-(i) kavivara pAnatarAya, 289-320 (ii) adhyayanagata madhyakAlIna katipaya na kavi, (iii) sahAyaka granya-sUcI

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________________ upasthApanA man vyakti pora sRSTi ke sarjaka tatvoM kI gaveSaNA eka rahasyavAdI tatva hai paura saMbhavataH isIliye cintakoM aura zodhakoM meM yaha viSaya vivAdAspada banArahA hai anubhava ke mAdhyama se kimI satya aura parama mArAdhya ko khojanA isakI mUlaprakRti rahI hai| isa mUlapravRtti kI paripUrti me sAdhaka kI jijJAsA aura tarkapradhAna buddhi vizeSa yogadAna detI hai| yahIM se darzana kA janma hotA hai| - isame sAdhaka svaya ke mUla rUpa meM kendrita sAdhya kI prApti kA sunizcita lakSya nirmita kara letA hai  /  sAdhya kI prApti kAla meM vyaktitva kA nirmANa hotA hai aura isa vyaktitva kI sajanA meM adhyAtma cetanA kA pramukha hAtha rahatA hai  /  /  mAnava svabhAvatayA sRSTi ke rahasya ko jAnane kA tIvra icchuka rahatA hai| usake mana meM sadaiva yaha jijJAsA banI rahatI haiM ki isa sRsTi kA racayitA kauna hai ? zarIra kA nirmANa kaise hotA hai ? zarIra ke andara vaha kauna sI zakti hai, jisake astitva se usameM spaMdana hotA hai aura jisake prabhAva meM usa spaMdana kA lopa ho jAtA hai ? yadi isa zakti ko prAtmA yA brahma kahA jAya to vaha nitya hai pravA anitya ? usake nityatva athavA panityatva kI sthiti meM kamIkA kA samApa hai aura kamoM se mukti pAne para usa zakti kA kyA svarUpa enIvAla ke ye prAstavilha hai aura ina prazna cinho kAsamAdhAna jana-siddhAnta meM mAtA sumAre aura sarala, raMga se anekAntavAda kA prAzraya lekara kiyA gayA hai| . .. .. ___ isa rahasyavAda kI ra manveSaNa meM hara deza kA prayala kiye gaye hai pora una prayatnoM kA eka vizeSa itihAsa banA huA hai| hamArI bAta batAe para vaidika kAla se lekara Adhunika kAla taka dArzanikoM ne na mAnoM para tinamanana kiyA hai aura usanikarSa granthoM ke pRSThoM para bhAkita  /  upaniSada kAla meM isa rahasyavAda para se vicAra prArambha humA aura usakI pariti tatkAlIna anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jAgRta huii| yadyapi isakA itihAsa mila MARA

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________________ meM prApta yogI kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai, parantu jaba taka usakI lipi kA parijhAna nahIM hotA, isa sandarbha meM nizcita nahIM kA jA sakatA  /  muMDakopaniSad ke ye zabda ciMtana kI bhUmikA para bAra-bAra utarate haiM jahAM para kahA gayA hai ki brahma na netroM se, na vacanoM se, na tapa se aura na karma se gRhIta hotA hai| vizuddha prANI usa brahma ko jJAna-prasAda se sAkSAtkAra karate haiM na cakSa SA gRhmate, nApi vAcA nAnyadaivastapasA karmaNA vA  /  jJAna-prasAdena vizuddha satvastatastu taM pazyate niSkale dhyAyamAnaH  /  rahasyavAda kA yaha sUtra pAli-tripiTaka aura prAcIna jainAgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai  /  majjhimanikAya kA vaha sandarbha jaina-rahasyavAda kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki nigaNTha apane pUrva karmoM kI nirjarA tapa ke mAdhyama se kara rahe haiN| isa sandarbha se spaSTa hai ki jaina siddhAMta me prAtmA ke vizuddha rUpa ko prApta karane kA athaka prayatna kiyA jAtA thA  /  brahma jAlasuta meM aparAnsadiTThi ke prasaMga meM bhagavAna buddha ne mAtmA ko prarUpI paura nitya svIkAra kiye jAne ke siddhAMta kA ullekha kiyA hai| isI sutta meM jaina-siddhAMta kI dRSTi meM rahasya vAda va anekAntavAda kA bhI patA calatA hai| ___ rahasyavAda ke isa svarUpa ko kisI ne guhya mAnA aura kisI ne svasaMvedya svIkAra kiyaa| jaina saMskRti meM mUlataH isakA "svasaMvedya" rUpa milatA hai jaba ki jainetara saMskRti meM guhya rUpa kA prAcurya dekhA jAtA hai| jaina siddhAMta kA hara konA svayaM kI anubhUti se bharA hai usakA hara pRSTha nijAnubhava aura cidAnanda catanyamaya rasa se prAplAvita hai| anubhUti ke bAda tarka kA bhI apalApa nahIM kiyA gayA balki use eka vizuddha ciMtana ke dharAtala para khar3A kara diyA gayA  /  bhAratIya darzana ke lie tarka kA yaha viziSTa sthAna-nirdhAraNa gaina saMskRti kA ananya yogadAna hai| rahasya bhAvanA kA kSetra prasIma hai| usa anantazakti ke srota ko khojanA sasIma zakti ke sAmarthya ke bAhara hai| prataH prasImatA paura parama vizuddhatA taka pahuMca jAnA tathA cidAnanda-caMtanyarasa kA pAna karanA sAdhaka kA mUla uddezya rahatA hai  /  isalie rahasyavAda kiMvA darzana kA prasthAna bindu saMsAra hai jahAM prAtyakSika aura aprAtyakSika sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura sAdhaka carama lakSya rUpa parama vizuddha pravasthA ko prApta karatA hai| vahAM pahuMcakara vaha kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai aura apanA bhavaSaka samApta kara letA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kA mArga hI rahasya banA humA hai| ukta rahasya ko samajhane mora anubhUti meM lAne ke lie nimnalikhita pramukha tatvoM ko prAdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai :

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________________ 3 1. jijJAsA yA protsukya, 2. saMsAracaka meM bhramaNa karanevAle prAtmA kA svarUpa, 3. saMsAra kA svarUpa, 4. saMsAra se mukta hone ke upAya aura 5. mukta-avasthA kI parikalpanA  /  pAdikAla se hI rahasyavAda pragamya, magobara mUha mAra dubodhya mAnA jAtA rahA hai  /  veda, upaniSad, jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM isI rahasyAtmaka pratiyoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai yaha bAta palaga hai ki grAma kA rahasyabAda gAya usa samaya taka pracalita na rahA ho| 'rahasya' sarvasAdhAraNa viSaya hai  /  svakIyAmApati usameM saMgaThita hai  /  anubhUtiyoM kI vividhatA mata vaibhinya ko janma detI hai| pratyeka manumati vAda-vivAda kA viSaya banA hai  /  zAyada isIlie eka hI satya ko pRthaka pRSArUpa meM usI prakAra abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA jisa prakAra chaha bhAvoM ke jharA hAthI ke o. pAMgoM kI vivecanA kaviyoM ne isa tathya ko sarala aura sarasa bhASA meM prastuta kiyA. hai| unhoMne paramAtmA ke prati prema aura usakI anubhUti ko "ge kAsA-gur3a" batAyA hai 'akatha kahAnI prema kI kana kahI na jAya  /  gU ge keri sarakarA, baiThA muskaaii|" jaina rahasyavAda paribhASA aura vikAsa rahasyavAda zabda magrejI "Mysticism" kA anuvAda hai, jise prathamata : san 1920 meM zrI mukuTadhara pAMDeya ne chAyAvAda viSayaka lekha meM prayukta kiyA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM isa sandarbha meM prAtmavAda athavA adhyAtmavAda zabda kA prayoga hotA rahA hai  /  yahAM sAdhaka prAtmA paramAtmA. svarga, naraka, rAga-daka yAdi ke viSaya meM cintana karatA thA  /  dhIre-dhIre prAcAra aura vicAra kA samanvaya humA pAra dArzanika cintana bhAge bar3hane lagA  /  kAlAntara meM divya zakti kI prApti ke lie paramAtmA ke dvArA nirdiSTa mArga kA anukaraNa aura anusaraNa hone lagA  /  usa 'parama' vyaktitva ke prati bhAva umar3ane lage aura usakA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie vibhinna bAgoM kA prAvaraNa kiyA jAne lagA  /  jainadarzana kI rahasyabhASanA kiMvA rahasyabAda bhI isI pRSThabhUmi meM dRSTavya hai| rahasyavAda kI paribhASA samaya, paristhiti aura cintana ke anusAra parivartita hotI rahI hai  /  prAyaH pratyeka dArzanika ne svayaM se sambandhita darzana panusAra pRkta rUpa se ciMtana aura pArAdhana kiyA hai aura usI sAdhanA ke bala para apane parama lakSya ko prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se rahasyavAda kI paribhASAeM bhI unake prAne DhaMga se abhivyajita huI haiN| pAzcAtya , vidvAnoM ne bhI rahasyavAda kI

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________________ paribhASA para vicAra kiyA hai  /  baTranDarasela kA kahanA hai ki rahasyavAda Izvara ko samane kA pramukha sAdhana hai| ise hama svasaMvedya jJAna kaha sakate haiM jo tarka paura vizleSaNa se bhinna hotA hai  / " phlIDara rahasyavAda ko bhAramA maura paramAtmA ke ekatva kI pratIti mAnate haiN| priMgila peTIzana ke anusAra rahasyavAda kI pratIti parama satya ke grahaNa karane ke prayatna meM hotI hai| isase prAnanda kI upalabdhi hotI hai 1 buddhi dvArA parama satya ko grahaNa karanA usakA dArzanika pakSa hai aura Izvara ke sAtha milana kA prAnanda-upabhoga karanA usakA dhArmika pakSa hai Izvara eka sthUla padArtha na rahakara eka anubhava ho jAtA hai  /  yahAM rahasyavAda anubhUti ke jJAna kI uccatama serer mAnI gayI hai  /  prAdhunika bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI rahasyavAda kI paribhASA para maMthana kiyA hai| rAmacandra zukla ke zabdoM meM 'jJAna ke kSetra meM jise bhadraM ta-vAda kahate haiM bhAvanA ke kSetra meM vahI rahasyavAda kahalAtA hai| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA kI hai- "rahasyavAda jIvAtmA kI usa zrantarhita pravRtti kA prakAzana hai jisameM vaha divya aura alaukika zakti se apanA zAMta maura nizchala sambama jor3anA cAhatI hai  /  yaha sambandha yahAM taka bar3ha jAtA hai ki donoM meM kucha bhI antara nahIM raha jAtA  /  "4 aura bhI anya mAdhunika vidvAnoM ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASAeM kI hai| una paribhASAoM ke mAdhAra para rahasyavAda kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM isa prakAra kahI jA sakatI haiM- 1. dhAtmA aura paramAtmA meM aikya kI anubhUti  /  2. tAdAtmya | 3. viraha - bhAvanA  /  4. bhakti, jJAna mIra yoga kI samanvita sAdhanA  /  5. sadguru zraura unakA satsaMga | prAyaH ye sabhI vizeSatAeM vaidika saMskRti bhaura sAhitya meM adhika milatI haiM  /  jaina rahasyavAda mUlataH ina vizeSatAoM se kucha thor3A bhinna yA  /  ukta paribhASAoM meM sAdhaka Izvara ke prati prAtmasamarpita ho jAtA hai| para jaina dharma ne Izvara kA Mysticism and Logic, Page 6-17 Mysticism in Religion, P 25 bhaktikAvya meM rahasvavAda DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pANDeya, pU. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. kabIra kA rahasyavAda, pR. 9

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________________ vartanI svarUpa usa rUpa meM nahIM mAnA, jo rUpa vaidika saMskRti meM prApta hotA hai| yaha hamArI sRSTi kA kartA hartA aura bartA nahIM hai| isI frer ke kAraNa cIna paramparA meM jaina darzana ko nAstika kaha diyA gayA thA  /  vahAM nAstikA yA veda-nika | parantu yaha vargIkaraNa nitAnta bAdhAra hIna thA  /  isameM ko aM zrIra bauddhoM ke pratirikta vaidika zAkhA ke hI mImAMsA aura nAstika kI paribhASA kI sImA meM thA jaayeNge| prasatA kA vidvAna 'nAstika' kI isa paribhASA ko svIkAra nahIM karate jisake mata meM puNya aura pApa kA koI mahatva na ho| taka darzana hai  /  usameM svarga, naraka, mokSa prAdi kI vyavasthA svayaM ke karmoM para prASArita hai  /  usameM Izvara athavA paramAtmA sAdhaka ke lie dIpaka kA kAma avazya karatA hai, parantu vaha kisI para kRpA nahIM karatA, isalie ki vaha viSa  /  nAstika vahI hai, janadarzana isa dRSTi se zAhi vItarAgI haiN| jaina darzana kI ukta vizeSatA ke mAdhAra para rahasyavAda kI prAdhunika pari bhASA ko hameM parivartita karanA pdd'egaa| jaMna ciMtana subhopayoga ko zuddhopayoga kI prApti me sahAyaka kAraNa mAnatA zravazya hai para zuddhopayoga kI prApti ho jAne para athavA usakI prApti ke patha meM pAramArthika dRSTi se usakA koI upayoga nahIM |"is pRSThabhUmi para hama rahasyavAda ko paribhASA isa prakAra kara sakate haiM  /  " adhyAtma kI carama sImA kI prabhubhUti rahasyavAda hai| yaha vaha sthiti hai, jahAM prAramA vizuddha paramAtmA bana jAtA hai mora vItarAgI hokara cidAnanda rasa kA pAna karatA hai  / " rahasyavAda kI yaha paribhASA jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se prastuta kI gayI hai  /  jaina sAdhanA kA vikAsa yathAsamaya hotA rahA hai| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai yaha fare tatkAlIna pracalita janetara sAdhanAthoM se prabhAvita bhI rahA hai| isa prAcAra para hama jaina rahasyavAda ke vikAsa ko nimna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM- (1) prAdikAla prArambha se lekara I. prathama zatI taka (2) madhyakAla - prathama dvitIya zatI se 7-8 vIM zatI taka  /  (3) uttarakAla -- 8 vIM 9 vIM zatI se prAdhunika kAla taka  /  1. AdikAla - veda aura upaniSad meM brahma kA sAkSAkAra karanA mukhya lakSya mAnA jAtA thA  /  jaina rahasyabAda, jaisA hama Upara kaha cuke hai, bAbA Izvara ko Izvara ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krtaa| yahAM jaina darzana apane tIrthaMkara ko paramAtmA mAnatA hai aura usake dvArA nirdiSTa mArga para calakara sAdhaka svayaM ko usI ke samakakSa banAne kA prayatna karatA hai ! vRSabhadeva, mahAvIra Adi tIrthakara aise hI rahasyadarzI mahApuruSoM meM pramukha haiM  / 

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________________ hama isa kAla ko sAmAnyataH jaina dharma ke prAvirbhAva se lekara prathama zatI taka nizcita kara sakate haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra tIrthakara mAdinApa ne hameM sApanA pati kA svarUpa diyA  /  usI ke AdhAra para uttara kAlIna tIrthakara aura bhAcAryoM me apanI sAdhanA kI  /  isa sandarbha meM hamAre sAmane do prakAra kI rahasya-sAdhanAeM sAhitya meM upalabdha hotI haiM -1. pArzvanAtha paramparA kI rahasya sAdhanA, paura 2. nirgaTha mAtaputta paramparA kI rahasya sAdhanA  /  bhagavAna pArzvanAtha jaina paramparA ke 23 ve tIrthakara kahe jAte haiN| unase bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinheM pAli sAhitya meM nigaNThanAtaputta ke nAma se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai, lagabhaga 250 varSa pUrva pravatarita hue the| tripiTaka meM unake sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda ko cAturyAma saMvara ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai  /  ye cAra saMvara isa prakAra pahisA, satya, pracaurya paura aparigraha haiM uttarAdhyayana bhAdi granthoM meM bhI inakA vivaraNa milatA hai  /  pArzvanAtha ke ina vratoM meM se caturtha vrata meM brahmacarya vrata antarbhUta thaa| pAzrvanAtha ke parinirvANa ke bAda ina vratoM ke prAcaraNa meM zaithilya pAyA aura phalataH samAja brahmacarya vrata se patita hone lagA  /  pArzvanAtha kI isa paramparA ko jaina paramparA meM 'pArzvastha' athavA 'pAsatya' kahA gayA hai  /  nigaNThanAthaputta athavA mahAvIra ke mAne para isa prAcArazaithilya ko parakhA gayA  /  use dUra karane ke lie mahAvIra ne aparigraha kA vibhAjana kara nimnAMkita paMca vratoM ko svIkAra kiyA-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha  /  mahAvIra ke ina paMcavatoM kA ullekha jaina mAgama sAhitya me to prAtA hI hai para unakI sAdhanA ke jo ullekha pAli sAhitya me milate haiM  /  ve aitihAsika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| isa saMvarma meM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki zrI paM. padamacaMda zAstrI ne bhAgamoM ke hI mAdhAra para yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki pArzvanAtha ke paMca mahAvrata the, cAturyAma nahIM (bhanekAnta, jUna 1977)  /  isa para prabhI mathana honA zeSa hai| mahAvIra kI rahasyavAdI paramparA apane mUlarUpa me lagabhaga prathama sadI taka basatI rhii| usameM kucha vikAsa avazya huprA. para vaha bahuta adhika nhiiN| yahAM taka mAte-pAte prAtmA ke tIna svarUpa ho gaye  /  antarAtmA, bahirAtmA aura paramAtmA  /  sAdhaka bahirAtmA ko chor3akara antarAtmA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmapada ko prApta karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM prAtmA aura paramAtmA meM ekAkAratA ho jAtI hai 1. vizeSa dekhiye-DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina bhAskara kA grantha 'jainijma ina buddhisTa liTarecara, tRtIya adhyAya-jaina ithiksa

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________________ tipayAro so appA parayaMtaravAhirI dehaaeN| tathya paro bhAijjai, aMtoSAega paehi pahirappA  /  /  jaina rahasyavAda ke itihAsa ke mUla-sarjaka aura prasthApaka prAcArya ndakunda, jinake graMpa bhAsmA ke mUla svarUpa ko prApta karane kA rahasya prastuta kI hai| jaina-darzana meM hara prAtmA meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti nihita hai isa dRSTi se bahA bhAramA ke tIna bheda batalAye haiM-antarAramA, bahirAtmA aura paramAtmA  /  pacandriyoM se pare mana ke dvArA dekhA jAne vAlA "maiM hU~" isa svasaMvedana svarUpa mantarAtmA hotA hai  /  indriyoM ke sparzanAdi dvArA padArthazAna karAne vAlA bahirAtmA hai aura zAmAvaraNAdika dravya karma, rAgadveSAdika bhAvakarma, zarIrAdika nokarma rahita anantajJAnAdika guNa sahita paramAtmA hotA hai| mantarAtmA ke upAya se bahirAtmA kA parityAga karake paramAtmA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha paramAtmA paramanada sthita, sarva karma vimukta, zAzvata aura siddha hai "tipayaro so appA paramaMtaravAhiro hu bahINaM  /  tattha paro bhAijjai aMtovAraNa cayahi vahirappA  //  "akkhANi bahirappA antara prappAhu atthsNklpo| kammakalaMka vimukko paramappA bhaNNae devo  /  isa dRSTi se kundakundAcArya nissaMdeha prathama rahasyavAdI kavi kahe jA sakate hai  /  unhoMne samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAya, niyamasAra mAdi granthoM meM isakA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai  /  ye anya prAcIna jaina maMga sAhitya para prAdhArita rahe haiM jahAM prAdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgrata karane kA svara gujita hotA hai  /  prAcArAMga mUla prAcInatama aMga prantha hai| yahAM jaina dharma mAnava dharma ke rUpa meM adhika mukhara hamA hai| vahAM 'pAriehiM" zabda se prAcIna paramparA kA ullekha karate hue samatA ko hI dharma kahA hai-samiyAe dhamme pAriehiM pavedite  /  pAcArAMga kA prArambha vastutaH "iya megesiMgo saNNA bhavara" (isa saMsAra meM kinhIM jIvoM ko jJAna nahIM hotA) sUtra se hotA hai isa sUtra meM prAtmA kA svarUpa tavA saMsAra me usake bhaTakane ke kAraNoM kI pora iMmita humA hai| 'vaMzA' (vetana) banda anubhava aura jJAna ko samAhita kiye huye haiN| anubhava mukhyataH sosaha prakAra ke hote hai-pAhAra, bhaya. maithuna, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, zoka, moha, sukha, du:kha, 1. moksapAhur3akundakundAcArya 4 bha. pArtha ke paMca mahAvata-banekAMta, varSa 30, kiraNa 1, pR. 23-27.bUna mArca 1977 2. moksapAhara

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________________ moha vicikitsA, moka aura dharma  /  jJAna ke pAMca bheda hai-mati, ata, avaSi, manaH paryaya aura kevljnyaan| isa sUtra meM viziSTa jJAna ke prabhAva kI hI bAta kI gaI hai| isakA spaSTa tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti saMsAra meM mohAdika kamoM ke kAraNa bhaTakatA rahatA hai| jo sAdhaka yaha jAna letA hai vahI vyakti pAtmaja hotA hai| usI ko medhAvI bhaura kuzala kahA gayA hai| aisA sAdhaka karmoM se baMdhA nahIM rahatA  /  vaha do pramamAdI banakara vikalpa jAla se mukta ho jAtA hai| yahAM ahiMsA, satya bhAdi kA vivecana milatA hai para usakA vargIkaraNa nahIM dikhAI detaa| usI taraha kI maura unake prabhAvoM kA varNana to hai para usake bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana dikhAI nahIM devA  /  kundakundAcArya taka pAte-mAte ina dharmoM kA kucha vikAsa huA jo unake graMthoM meM prativimbita hotA hai| kundakundAcArya ke bAda unake hI pada cinhoM para prAcArya umAsvAti, samantabhadra, sibasena divAkara, muni kArtikeya, makalaka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra, muni yogendu mAdi bhAcAryoM ne rahasyavAda kA apanI sAmayika paristhitiyoM ke anu. sAra vizleSaNa kiyaa| yaha dArzanika yuga thA  /  umAsvAti ne isakA sUtrapAta kiyA thA aura mANikyanandI ne use carama vikAsa para pahuMcAyA thaa| isa bIca jaina rahasya vAva dArzanika sImA me baddha ho gyaa| ise hama jaina dArzanika rahasyavAda bhI kaha sakate haiN| dArzanika siddhAnto ke anya vikAsa ke sAtha eka ullekhanIya vikAsa yaha thA ki mAdikAla meM jisa mAtmika pratyakSa ko pratyakSa kahA gayA thA aura indriya pratyakSa ko parokSa kahA gayA thA, usa para isa kAla me prazna-pratiprazna khar3e hue| unheM sulajhAne kI dRSTi se pratyakSa ke do bheda kiye gaye- sAMvyAvahArika pratyakSa aura pAramArthika pratyakSa  /  yahA nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA  /  sAdhanA ke svarUpa meM bhI kucha parivartana huA  /  isa kAla me vastutaH sAdhanA kA kSetra vistRta humA  /  prAramA ke svarUpa kI khUba mImAMsA huI upayogAtmakatA para adhika jora diyA gayA, karmoM ke bheda-prabheda para maMthana humA aura jJAna-pramANa ko bhI carcA kA viSaya banAyA gayA  /  darzana ke sabhI pragoM para tarkaniSTha prastho kI bhI racanA huii| para isa yuga me sAdhanA kA baha rUpa nahIM dikhAI detA jo prArambhika kAla me thA  /  sAdhanA kA tarka ke sAtha utanA sAmamjasya baiThatA bhI nahIM hai  /  isake bAvajUda darzana ke sAtha sAdhanA aura bhakti kA nirbhara sUkha nahIM pAyA balki sudhArAtmaka tatvoM ke sAtha vaha bhakti mAndolana kA rUpa grahaNa karatA gyaa| isa kAla meM dArzanika uthala-puthala bahuta huI aura kriyA kAma kI bhora pratiyAM bar3hane lgii| "mappA so paramappA" prayavA" sambe subaha

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________________ "" suddha gayA" jaise vAkyoM ko aikAntika dRSTi kI aura bIcA 'jAne lagA  /  nizcaya ar or der ke sAmAnyastha kI aura dhyAna dekara kisI eka pakSa kI dhora kAva adhika ho gyaa| isa saMdarbha meM gRhAsvayam stotra meM svAmI samantabhadra kA na duSTaSya hai jahA~ ve kahate haiM ki he bhavan ! yApakI hamArI pUjA se koI prIjana nahIM hai kyoMki mApa vItarAga hai aura na ko nindA se koI prayojana hai, kyoMki Apane denre ko samUla naSTa kara diyA hai, phira bhI hama bAta pUrvaka jo bhI Apake guNoM kA smaraNa karate haiM vaha isalie ki aisA karane se pApa aretter aura moha rAga dveSAdi bhAvoM se malina mana tatkAla pavitra ho jAtA hai| na pUjayAyaMstvayi vItarAge, na nivayA nAtha vivAMtavare  /  tathApi te puNya guraNa smRtinaH punAti vittaM duritA janebhyaH  //  isa yuga meM muni yogendu kA bhI yogadAna ullekhanIya hai  /  inakA samaya yadyapi facierspada hai phira bhI hama use lagabhaga 8 vI 9 vIM zatAbdI taka nizcita kara sakate haiM  /  inake do mahatvapUrNa graMtha nirvivAda rUpa se hamAre sAmane haiM-- (1) paramAtmasAra Ira ( 2 ) yogsaar| ina graMtho meM kavi ne niraMjana yadi kucha aise zabda diye hai jo uttarakAlIna rahasyavAda ke abhivyaMjaka kahe jA sakate haiN| ina grantho meM anubhUti kA prAdhAnya hai isalie kahA gayA hai ki paramezvara se mana kA milana hone para pUjA Adi kriyAkarma nirarthaka ho jAte haiM, kyoMki donoM ekAkAra hokara samarasa ho jAte hai  /  maNu miliyau paramesarahaM, paramesara vimaraNasya  /  bIhivi samarasi havAhaM pujja caDAu kassa | yogasAra, 12 3. uttarakAla uttarakAla me rahasyavAda kI zrAcAragata zAkhA meM samayAnukUla parivartana huA  /  isa samaya taka jaina saMskRti para vaidika sAdhakoM, rAjAo aura musalamAna bhAkramaNakAriyo dvArA ghanaghora vipadAoM ke bAdala chA gaye the| unase bacane ke fire bhAcArya jinase ne manusmRti ke prAcAra ko jainIkRta kara diyA, jisakA virodha dasavI zatAbdI ke prAcArya somadeva ne apane yazastilakacampU meM mandasvara meM hI kiyaa| isase lagatA hai, tatkAlIna samAja usa vyavasthA ko svIkAra kara cukI thI  /  jaMna rahasmavAda kI yaha eka mora sIr3hI thI, jisane use vaidika saMskRti ke najadIka lA diyA  /  14 i 4 freena bhara somadeva ke bAda rahasyavAdI kaviyoM meM muni rAmasiMha kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai| unakA 'pAhur3a dohA' rahasyavAda kI paribhASAoM se bharA par3A hai  /  ziva-zakti kA milana hone para bhaI samAva kI sthiti mA jAtI hai aura moha vilIna ho jAtA hai  / 

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________________ siva vizu sakti va pAvaha sila puNu satti vihINu  /  bohi mi jANahi sabahu-jAga durajhAi moha vilINu,bahI 55 //  muni rAmasiMha ke bAda rahasyAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA bala aura vikAsa hotA gayA  /  isa vikAsa kA mUla kAraNa bhakti kA ukyaa| isa bhakti kA parama utkarSa mahAkavi banArasIdAsa jaise hindI gaisa kaviyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| nATaka samayasAra, mohavika-yuTa, (banArasIdAsa) pApiyoM meM unhoMne bhakti, prema paura prayA ke jisa samanvita rUpa ko prastuta kiyA hai vaha dekhate hI banatA hai  /  'sumati' ko patnI aura betana ko pati banAkara jisa mAdhyAmika biraha ko ukerA hai, vaha sahaNIya hai| prAtmA rUpI pani praura paramAtmA pI pati ke viyoga kA bhI varNana pratyanta mArmika bana par3A hai| anta meM prAtmA ko usakA pati usake ghara mantarAtmA meM hI mila jAtA hai  /  isa ekatva kI anubhUti ko mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne isa prakAra pariNata kiyA hai piya more ghaTa maiM piya mAhi  /  jala taraMga jyoM duvidhA nAhiM  /  /  piya mo karatA meM karasUti  /  piya jJAnI meM jJAna vibhUti  /  /  piya sukha sAgara meM sukha-sIMva  /  piya sukha-maMdira meM ziva-nIMva  /  /  piya brahma maiM sarasvati nAma  /  piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma  /  piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni  /  piya jinavara maiM kevala bAni  // 1 brahma-sAkSAtkAra rahasyavAdAtmaka pravRttiyoM meM anyatama hai| jaina sAdhanA meM paramAtmA ko brahma kaha diyA gayA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne tAdAtmya anubhUti ke sandarbha me apane bhAvoM ko nimna prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai "bAlaka tuhaM tana citavana gAgari kUTi, maMcarA go phaharAya sarama gai chuTi, bAlama |||| piga sudhi pAvata vana me paisiu peli, chAr3ata rAja hagariyA bhayau prakeli, bAlama  /  / "2112 rahasya bhAvanAtmaka ima pravRttiyoM ke pratirikta samagra jaina sAhitya meM, vizeSarUpa se hindI jaina sAhitya meM aura bhI pravRttiyAM sahaja rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| vahAM bhAvanAtmaka mora sAdhanAtmaka donoM prakAra ke rahasyavAya upalabdha hote haiN| moha* rAga dveSa mAdi ko dUra karane ke lie satgurU paura satsaMga kI pAvazyakatA tathA mukti prApta karane ke lie samyak darzana-jJAna aura caritra ko samamvita sAdhanA kI abhivyakti hindI gaina rahasyabAdI kaviyoM kI lekhanI se bar3I hI sundara, sarala 1. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 161. 2. vahI, pR. 228.

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________________ bhASA meM prasphuTita huI hai| isa dRSTi se sakalakIti kA prArAdhanA pratiboSasAra, jinadAsa kA cetanagIta, jagatarAma kA bhAgamavilAsa, bhavAnIvAsa kA tina sumati samjhAya' bhagavatIdAsa kA yogIrAsA, rUpacaMda kA paramArSagIta' yAnatarAba kA cAnatavilAsa. mAnandamana kA mAnadadhana bahosarI, gharadAsa kA bhUgaragilAsa mAvi aMdha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| mAdhyAtmika sAdhanA kI parama pariNati rahasya kI upalabdhi hai| isa upalabdhi ke mAgoM meM sAdhaka eka mata nhiiN| isakI prApti meM sApakoM meM zubha-azubha athavA kuzala-prakumAla karmoM kA viveka kho diyaa| bova-dharma ke sahajayAna, maMgavAna, taMtrayAna vajayAna prAdi isI sAdhanA ke vIbhatsa rUpa haiN| vaidika sAdhanAcI meM bhI isa rUpa ke darzana spaSTa dikhAI dete haiM  /  yadyapi jaina dharma bhI isase achUtA nahIM rahA parantu yaha saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki usameM zraddhA aura bhakti kA pratireka ho avazya huSA, vibhinna maMtroM aura siviyoM kA mAviSkAra bhI humA kintu una maMtroM aura siddhiyoM kI pariNati vaidika athavA bauddha saskRtiyoM meM prApta usa vIbhatsa rUpa jaisI nahIM huI  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti ke mUla svarUpa prakSa paNa to nahIM rahA para gahita sthiti meM bhI nahIM phuNcaa| jaina rahasya bhAvanA ke ukta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina rahasyavAdI sApanA kA vikAsa uttarottara hotA gayA hai, para vaha vikAsa apanI mUla sAdhanA ke svarUpa se utanA dUra nahIM humA jitanA bauddha sAdhanA kA svarUpa apane mUla svarUpa se uttarakAla meM dUra ho gayA  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina rahasyavAda ne janetara sAdhanA moM ko paryApta rUpa se prabala svarUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA  /  prastuta prabandha ko pATha parivoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama parivarta meM madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSTha bhUmi kA prabalokana hai  /  sAmAnyataH bhAratIya itihAsa kA madhyakAla saptama zatI se mAnA jAtA hai parantu jahAM taka hindI sAhitya ke madhya kAla kI bAta hai usakA kAla kaba se kaba taka mAnA jAye, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai  /  hamane isa kAla kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa vi. saM. 1400 se vi. saM. 1900 taka sthApita kiyA hai  /  vi. saM. 1400 ke bAda kaviyoM ko prerita karane vAle sAMstika pAdhAra meM bhinya dikhAI par3atA hai  /  phalasvarUpa janatA kI vittAtti aura hathi meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai  /  paristhitiyoM ke pariNAma svastha banatAkI kavi jIvana se udAsIna mora bhagavat bhakti meM lIna hokara mAtma kalyANa karane kI bhora unmukha thI isalie kavigaNa isa vivecya kAla meM bhakti aura adhyAtma sambandhI racanAyeM karate dikhAI dete haiN| jaina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI racanAyeM lagabhama bi. saM. 1900 taka milatI hai ataH isa sampUrNa kAla ko madhyakAla nAma denA hI manakUla pratIta hotA hai  /  isake pazcAt hamane madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ko lipta

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________________ 12 rUparekhA prastuta kI hai  /  jisake antargata rAjanItika dhArmika aura sAmAjika pRSTha bhUmi ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM hindI jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa humA hai| dvitIya parivarta meM himdI jaina sAhitya ke prAdikAla kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa saMdarbha meM hamane apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ko bhI pravRttiyoM kI vRSTi se samAhita kiyA hai| yaha kAla do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiza hai - sAhityika prapabhraMza aura apabhraMza paravartI loka bhASA yA prArambhika hindI racanAeM prathama varga ke svayaMbhUdeva, puSpadaMta bhAdi kavi haiM aura dvitIya varga meM zAlibhadra sUri jina padmasUri mAdi vidvAna ullekhanIya hai  /  bhASAgata vizeSatAo kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA hai  /  are bhASA aura sAhitya ne hindI ke zrAdikAla aura madhyakAlako bahuta prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakI sahaja-sarala bhASA, svavAbhAvika varNana aura sAMskRtika dharAtala para vyAkhyAyita dArzanika siddhAMtoM ne hindI jaina sAhitya kI samagra kRtiyoM para amiTa chApa chor3I hai  /  bhASika parivartana bhI ina grantho meM sahajatA pUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai  /  hindI ke vikAsa kI yaha prAdya kar3I hai| isalie apabhraMza kI katipaya mukhya vizeSatAo kI prora dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai  /  tRtIya parivarta meM madhyakAlIna hindI kAvya kI pravRttiyoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai  /  itihAsakAroM ne hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla ko pUrva- madhyakAla (bhaktikAla ) aura uttaramadhyakAla ( rItikAla ) ke rUpa meM vargIkRta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| cUki bhaktikAla me nirguNa aura saguNa vicAradhArAye samAnAntara rUpa pravAhita hotI rahI hai tathA rItikAla meM bhI bhakti sambandhI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI hai | ataH hamane isakA dhArAgata vibhAjana na karake kAvya pravRtyAtmaka vargIkaraNa karanA ki sArthaka mAnA  /  jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta vibhAjana maura bhI saMbhava nahI kyoki vahAM bhakti se sambaddha aneka dhArAyeM madhyakAla ke prArambha se lekara anta taka nirvAdha rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, bhakti kA kAvya srota jaina zrAcAryo aura kaviyoM kI lekhanI se hindI ke bhAvikAla me bhI pravAhita humA hai  /  ataH hindI ke madhyayugIna jaina kAvyo kA vargIkaraNa kAvyAtmaka na karake pravRtyA tmaka karanA adhika upayukta smjhaa| isa vargIkaraNa meM pradhAna aura gIraNa donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyo kA prAkalana ho jAtA hai  /  6 jaina kaviyo aura prAcAryoM ne madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM peThakara ute sAhityika vidhAmo ko prasphuTita kiyA hai  /  unakI isa abhivyakti ko hamane nimnAMkita kAvya rUpoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai A

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________________ - 1. dha kAya-hAkAvya, sahakAvya, paurANika kAya, kamA kAvya carita kAmya, rAsA sAhitya praadi| '2. rUpaka kAvya-holI, vivAhalI, cetanakarma carita prAdi 3. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya-stavana, pUjA, caupAI, apamAlA, cAMcara, phAgu,cUnar3I, veli,saMkhyAtmaka, bArahamAsA aadi| 4. gIti kAvya-vividha prasaMgoM aura phuTakara viSayoM para nirmita gIta 5, prakIrNaka kAya lAkSasika, koza, gurvAvalI, prAtmakAthA paadi| upayukta pravRttiyoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye sabhI pravRsiyo mUlata AdhyAtmika uddezya ko lekara prasphuTita huI haiM  /  ina racanAoM meM prAdhyAtmika uddezya pradhAna hai jisase kavi kI bhASA prAlaMkA. rika na hokara svAbhAvika aura sAtvika dikhatI hai| usakA mUla utsa rahasyAtmaka anubhava aura bhakti rahA hai| caturtha parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke vizleSaNa se sambaddha hai| isameM hamane rahasya bhAvanA aura rahasyavAda kA matara spaSTa karate hue rahasyavAda kI vividha paribhASAnoM kA samIkSaNa kiyA hai aura usakI paribhASA ko ekAgitA ke saMkIrNa dAyare se haTAkara sarvAgINa banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| hamArI rahasyavAda kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai--"rahasyabhAvanA eka aisA prAdhyAtmika sAdhana hai jisake mAdhyama se sApaka svAnubhUni pUrvaka prArama tatva se parama tatva meM lIna ho jAtA hai| yahI rahasyabhAvanA abhivyakti ke kSetra meM Akara rahasyavAda kahI jA sakatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate hai ki madhyAtma kI caramotkarSa pravasthA ko abhivyakti kA nAma rahasyavAda hai| yahIM hamane jaina rahasya sAdhakoM kI prAcIna paramparA ko prastuta karate hue rahasyavAda maura adhyAtmavAda ke vibhinna mAyAmo para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| isI sandarbha meM jaina kora janetara rahasyabhAvanA meM nihita antara ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhya hai ki jana rahasya sAdhanA meM prAtmA kI tIna avasthAyeM mAnI gayI hai-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA bahirAtmA meM jIva janma-maraNa ke kAraNa svarUra bhautika sukha ke cakkara meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| dvitIyAvasthA :pantarAtmA) meM pahuMcane para saMsAra ke kAraNoM para mambhIratA pUrvaka cintana karane se bhAtmA pantarAtmA kI mora unmukha ho jAtA hai  /  phA. vaha bhautika sukhoM ko kSaNika bhora tyAjya sama jhane lagatA hai| tRtIyAvasthA (paramAtmA, brahmasAkSAtkAra) kI prApti ke lie sAdhanA smaka mora mAvatAramA prayatna karatA hai| inhIM tInoM prasthAnoM para pAge ke tIna madhyAyoM meM kramaza: prakAza galA hai|

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________________ paMcama parivarsa meM sammabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tatvoM kI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai  /  rahasyasAdhanA kA caramotkarSa brahmasAkSAtkAra hai  /  sAhitya meM isako prAtma-sAkSAtkAra paramAtmapada, parama satya, ajara-amara pada, paramArtha prApti mAdi nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| ataH hamane isa adhyAya meM prAtma cintana ko rahasyabhAvanA kA kendra bindu mAnA hai  /  pAtmA hI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se svAnubhUti pUrvaka apane mUla rUpa paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| isa sthiti taka pahuMcane ke lie sAdhaka ko eka lambI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai| hamane yahA~ rahasyabhAvanA ke mArga ke bAdhaka tatvoM ko jaina siddhAMtoM ke sandarbha meM prastuta kiyA hai| unameM sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA zarIra se mamatva, karmAla, mAyA-moha, mithyAtva, bAbADambara aura mana kI caMcalatA para vicAra kiyA hai| ina kAraNoM se sAdhaka bahirAtma avasthA meM hI par3A rahatA hai| SaSTha parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke sApaka tatvoM kA vizleSaNa karatA hai| isa parivarta meM sadguru kI preraNA, narabhava durlabhatA, pAtma- saMbodhana, prAtmacintana, citta zuddhi, bhedavijJAna aura ratnatraya jaise rahasyabhAvanA ke sAdhaka tatvoM para madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAmya ke prAdhAra para vicAra kiyA gayA hai  /  yahAM taka pAte-pAte sAdhaka antarAramA kI avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| ___saptama parivataM rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM ko prastuta karatA hai  /  isa parivarta meM antarAmAvasthA prApta karane ke bAda tathA paramAtmAvasthA prApta karane ke pUrva utpanna hone vAle svAbhAvika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ko hI rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai| mAtmA kI tRtIyAvasthA prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka do prakAra ke mArgoM kA avalambana letA hai-sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka  /  ina prakAroM ke antargata hamame kramazaH sahaja sAdhanA, yoga sAdhanA, samarasatA prapatti-bhakti, mAdhyAtmika prema, mAdhyAtmika holI, anirvacanIyatA prAdi se sambaddha bhAyoM aura vicAroM ko citrita kiyA hai| praSTama parivarta meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina evaM janetara rahasyavAdI kaviyoM kA saMkSipta tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM madhyakAlIna saguNa. nirguNa aura sUphI rahasyabAda kI jaina rahasyabhAvanAke sAtha tulanA bhI kI gaI hai| isa sandarbha meM svAnubhUti, prAtmA aura brahma, sadguru, mAyA, prAtmA brahma kA sambandha, virahA nubhUti, yoga sAdhanA, bhakti, pranirvacanIyatA prAdi viSayoM para sAMgopAMga rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta prabandha meM madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSTha bhUmi ko hamane bahuta saMkSepa meM hI upasthita kiyA hai aura kAla vibhAjana ke vivAda evaM nAmakaraNa meM bhI hama nahIM ulajhe  /  vistAra aura punarukti ke bhaya se hamane mAvi kAlIna aura madhya

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________________ 15 kAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko unakI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM meM hI vibhAjita karanA ucita samajhA  /  yaha mAtra sUcI sI mavazya dikhAI detI hai para usakA apanA mahatva hai  /  yahAM hamArA uddezya hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa likhane vAle vidvAnoM ko pratyeka pravR tigata mahatvapUrNa kAvyoM kI gaNanA se zApita karAnA mAna rahA hai ki abhI taka hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kinhIM kAraNoM basa ullekha nahIM ho pAyA  /  una pratiyoM ke vistAra meM hama nahIM jA ske| jAnA sambhava bhI nahIM thA kyoMki usakI eka-eka pravRtti pRthak pRthak zodha prabandha kI mAMga karatI pratIta hotI hai  /  tulanAtmaka adhyayana ko bhI hamane saMkSipta kiyA hai anyathA vaha bhI eka alaga prabandha-sA ho jAtA  /  prastuta adhyayana ke bAda vizvAsa hai, rahasyavAda ke kSetra meM eka nayA mAnadaNDa prasthApita ho sakegA prAyaH hara jaina maMdira meM hastalikhita graMthoM kA bhaNDAra hai  /  parantu ve bar3I verahamI se avyavasthita par3e hue haiM  /  prAzcarya kI bAta yaha hai ki yadi zodhaka unheM dekhanA cAhe to use pUrI suvidhAyeM nahIM mila paatiiN| hamane apane adhyayana ke lie jina-jina zAstra maMDAroM ko dekhA, saralatA kahIM nahIM huii| jo bhI anubhava hue, unase yaha avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki zodhaka ke lie isa kSetra meM kArya karane ke lie prabhUta sAmagrI hai para use sAhasI aura sahiSNu honA bhAvazyaka hai  /  anta meM yahAM para likhanA cAhUMgI ki pR. 243 (285) para jo yaha likhA gayA hai ki na koI niraMjana sampradAya yA maura na koI harIdAsa nAma kA usakA saMsthApaka hI thA, galata ho gayA hai| tathya yaha hai ki harIdAsa (saM. 1512-95) isake pravartaka the jinakA mukhya kArya kSetra DIDavAnA (nAgaura) thA aisA DaoN0 bhAnAvata ne likhA hai  /  isa prabandha lekhana meM hameM mAnyavara prophesara vhI. pI. zrIvAstava, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, hindI vibhAga, hislApa kAleja, nAgapura kA mArgadarzana milA hai  /  kRtajJa haiM  /  isI taraha hindI jaina sAhitya ke labdhapratiSThita vidvAna DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata, rIDara hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura ke bhI hama bAbhArI haiM jinhoMne bar3e snehila hRdaya se prAkkathana likhane kA hamArA prAgraha svIkAra kiyA  /  isake bAda hama sarvAdhika RNI haiM apanI mAtezvarI zvava jI zrImatI tulasA devI jaina ke jinhoMne hamezA pArivArika prathavA gArhasthika uttaradAyitvoM se muke yukta-sA rakhA  /  unakA punIta sneha hamArA preraNA srota rahA hai| sAhitya ke kSetra meM jo kucha kara sakI haiM, unake prAzIrvAda kA phala hai| unake caraNoM meM natamastaka hU~  /  unhIM ko yaha kRti samarpita hai| unake sAtha hI meM prapane jIvana sAthI DaoN. bhAgacanda jaina bhAskara bhUtapUrva madhyakSa pAli-prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizva vidyAlaya tathA

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________________ 16 vartamAna meM prophesara evaM nivezaka, jaina suzIlana kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya kI bhI cirI hUM jinase jaina dharma aura darzana ko samajhane meM suvidhA huI hai| prastuta adhyayana meM jina lekhaka aura vidvAnoM kA pratyakSa-maMtratyakSa rUpa se sahayoga milA, una sabhI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatI hU~  /  vizeSa rUpa se sarva zrI DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, bhAgaracaMda nAhaTA paramAnanda zAstrI, DaoN. kasturacaMda kAsa lIbAla, DaoN. premasAgara, DaoN. vAsudeva siMha, DaoN govinda triguNAyana, DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pAMDe, DaoN narendra bhAnAvata prabhUti ke prati prAbhAra vyakta karanA cAhatI hUM jinake zrama aura zodha vigaraNa ne hamAre kAma ko kucha halkA kara diyA  /  prastuta zodha prabandha san 1975 meM nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI. eca. DI. kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta huA thA  /  lagabhaga ATha varSoM bAda aba yaha prakAza meM bhA rahA hai| zrI digambara jaina mahAsabhA tathA sanmati vidyApITha ke adhyakSa aura nidezaka kI bhI maiM RNI hU~ jinhoMne isako prakAzita kara sAhitya sevA kii| isa prasaMga meM vidvAna pAThakoM se kSamA bhI mAMganA cAhUgI jinheM mudraNa kI azuddhiyAM pAyasa me kekaraNa kA anubhava de rahI haiM  /  tulasA bhavana zrI matI puSpalatA jaina nyU eksaTeMzana eriyA, sadara, nAgapura - 440001 fa. 16-4-84 J 4

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________________ prathama parivarta kAla- vibhAjana evaM sAskRtika pRSThabhUmi ere fvabhAna sAmAnyataH bhAratIya itihAsa kA madhyakAla saptama zadI se mAnA jAtA hai  /  parantu jahAM taka hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla kI bAta hai, usakA kAla kaba se kaba taka mAnA jAya, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai  /  thA. rAmacandra zukla ne kAlavibhAjana kA AdhAra janatA kI cittavRtti ke parivartana ko batAyA hai| unakA vicAra hai "jabaki pratyeka deza kA sAhitya vahA~ kI janatA kI cittavRti kA saMcita pratibimba hotA hai taba yaha nizcita hai ki janatA kI cittavRtti ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya ke svarUpa meM parivartana hotA calA jAtA hai  / "1 ruci vizeSa meM parivartana ke samaya ko nizcitakara evaM usa sAhitya meM nihita prabhAvazAlI pravRtti vizeSa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kAla-niriNa karanA Avazyaka hai  /  prAyaH ina vicAroM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara hindI sAhitya ke prAcIna itihAsakAroM ne eka nizcata samaya meM milI kRtiyoM dhaura unameM nihita pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para hI usakA nAmakaraNa aura kAla vibhAjana kiyA hai| isake bAvajUda hindI sAhitya ke kAla vibhAjana kA prazna abhI taka vivAdAspada banA huA hai  /  DaoN0 giyarsana, mizra bandhu, zivasiMha saMgara, candradhara zarmA gulerI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA prAdi vidvAnoM ne hindI sAhitya ke prAdikAla kA prAraMbha vi saM. 7vIM zatI se 14vIM zatI taka svIkAra kiyA hai| dUsarI prora rAmacandra zukla, hajArI prasAda dvivedI, vizvanAthaprasAda mizra bhAdi vidvAn usakA prAraMbha 10vIM zatAbdI se 14vIM zatAbdI taka mAnate haiN| ina vidvAnoM meM kucha vidvAna Adi kAlIna prapatra za bhASA meM likhe sAhitya ko purAnI hindI kA rUpa mAnate haiM aura kucha hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unakA ullekha karate haiM  /  1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa, saM. 2048, kAla vibhAga, pra. 3

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________________ mA0 rAmacandra zukla ke samaya apabhraMza aura vizeSa rUpa se hindI jaina sAhitya kA prakAzana nahIM huA thaa| jo kucha bhI hindI jaina graMtha upalabdha the unhIM ke AdhAra para unhoMne samUce hindI jana sAhitya ko apane hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM nitAnta dhArmika, sAmpradAyika maura zuSka ThaharA diyaa| unhIM kA anukaraNa karate hue prAcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne likhA hai "jo hindI ke pAThakoM ko yaha samajhAte phirate haiM ki usakI bhUmikA janoM aura bauddhoM kI sAmpradAyika sarjanA meM hai ve svayaM bhrama meM haiM aura unheM bhI isa ihalAma se bhramita karanA cAhate haiN| hindI ke zuddha sAhitya kI bhUmikA saMskRta aura prAkRta kI sarjanA meM to dI jA sakatI hai, para apabhraMza kI sAmpradAyika arcanA meM nhiiN| apabhraza ke nasargika sAhitya-pravAha se bhI usakA saMbaMdha jor3A jA sakatA hai, para jainoM ke sAmpradAyika saMvAha se nhiiN|" parantu prAcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI isa siddhAnta se sahamata nhiiN| unake anusAra " dhArmika sAhitya hone mAtra se koI racanA sAhityika koTi se alaga nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi aisA samajhA jAne lage to tulasIdAsa kA rAmacaritamAnasa bhI sAhitya kSetra meM avivecya ho jAyegA aura jAyasI kA padmAvata bhI sAhitya sImA ke bhItara nahIM ghusa skegaa|" DA. bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne bhI isakA samarthana karate hue likhA ki dhArmika preraNA yA prAdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie  /  lagabhaga dasavIM zatI ke pUrva kI bhASA meM apabhraMza ke tatva adhika milate haiM  /  yaha svAbhAvika bhI hai| ise candradhara zarmA gulerI ne purAnI hindI kahA hai| rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne bhI apabhraMza ko purAnI hindI mAnA hai aura hindI kAvya dhArA meM likhA hai--"janoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya kI racanA aura usakI surakSA meM sabase adhika kAma kiyaa| vaha brAhmaNoM kI taraha saMskRta ke adha bhakta bhI nahIM the  /  prataeva jainoM ne deza bhASA meM kathA sAhitya kI sRSTi kI, jisake kAraNa svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta jaise anamola advitIya kaviratna hameM mile  /  "svayaMbhU hamAre isI yuga meM nahIM, hindI kavitA ke pAMcoM yugoM 1. siddha sAmanta yuga, 2. sUphI yuga, 3. bhakti yuga, 4. darabArI yuga, 5. navajAgaraNa yuga, ke jitane kaviyoM ko hamane yahAM saMgrahIta 1. hindI sAhitya kA pratIta, bhAga 2, anuvacana, pRSTha 5, 2. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla, bihAra rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA, pR. 11. 3. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, pra. bhA., kAzI pR. 347. 4. "kavitA kI prAyaH bhASA saba jagaha eka sI hI thii| jaise nAnaka se lekara dakSiNa ke haridAsoM taka kI kavitA kI bajabhASA thI, vaise hI apabhraMza ko bhI "purAnI hindI kahanA anucitta nahIM, cAhe kavi ke deza-kAla ke anusAra usame kucha racanA prAdezika ho|"  / 

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________________ kiyA hai, usameM yaha ni:saMkoca kahA jA sakatA hai ki svayaM sabase bar3A kavi svayaM ke rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata donoM hI vizAla kAmI hai  / ' yaha bar3A vivAdAspada prazna hai ki apabhraMza bhASA ke granthoM meM Aye hue vezaja raat wear on sAhitya kI katipaya pravRttiyoM ko "purAnI hindI" kA rUpa svIkAra kiyA jAya yA nhiiN| DaoN0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise vidvAna prapatra' bhASA maura sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana karate hue bhI use "purAnI hindI" kA rUpa svIkAra karane meM hicakicAte haiM  /  unhoMne likhA hai- "yaha vicAra bhASAzAstrIya aura vaijJAnika nahIM hai  /  bhASAzAstra ke artha meM jise hama hindI (khar3I bolI, brajabhASA, prAdi) kahate haiM, vaha isa sAhityika pabhraMza se sIdhe vikasita nahIM huI hai  /  vyavahAra meM paMjAba se lekara bihAra taka bolI jAne vAlI sabhI upabhASAdhoM ko hindI kahate haiM  /  isakA mukhya kAraNa isa vistRta bhUbhAga ke nivAsiyoM kI sAhi fore bhASA kI kendrAbhimukhI pravRtti hai| gulerI jI isa vyAvahArika prartha para jIra dete haiM  /  " dvivedI jI kahate haiM-jahA~ taka nAma kA prazna hai, gulerI jI kA sujhAva paDitoM ko mAnya nahIM huA hai| apabhraMza ko aba koI purAnI hindI nahIM kahatA  / " parantu jahAM taka paramparA kA prazna hai, niHsandeha hindI kA paravartI sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya se kramaza: vikasita huA hai  / " DA0 premasAgara ne bhI lagabhaga isI mata ko svIkAra kiyA hai  / " parantu hamArA mata hai, hindI sAhitya ke zrAdikAla kI sImA lagabhaga saptama zatI se prAraMbha mAnI jAnI caahie| prapabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya prapabhraMza ke sAtha hI dezI bhASA kA bhI prayoga hotA thA  /  yaha bhASAvaijJAnika tathya hai ki jaba koI bolI sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhA jAtI hai to vaha bhASA bana jAtI hai dhIra usakA sthAna usI kI naI bolI grahaNa kara letI hai| isI ko dezI bhASA kahA jA sakatA hai| isa bhASA ke zabda apabhraMza bhASA ke sAhitya meM yatra tatra bikhare par3e hue haiN| unhIM ko hama "purAnI hindI" kaha sakate haiM  /  rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kI hindI kAvyadhArA isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki hindI ke prAdi-kAla meM kisa prakAra prapaMbhraMza aura dezI bhASA kA prayoga hotA thA  /  yahAM hamane apabhraMza aura purAnI hindI ke vivAda meM adhika na jAkara hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza aura dezI bhASA ke mahatva ko vizeSa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai 1. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM, pU, 36; hindI kAvyadhArA, pR, 38, 50 2. hindI sAhitya kA udbhava aura vikAsa, 1953, pR, 16-17 3. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pariziSTa 1, 2, 499

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________________ aura isalie pAdikAla kI sImA ko lagabhaga saptama zatI se 14 vIM zatI taka sthApita karane kA dussAhasa kiyA hai  /  isa kAla ke sAhitya meM bhASA aura pravRttiyoM kA vaividhya dikhAI detA hai| dharma, nIti, zRMgAra, vIra, nItikAvya mAdi jaisI pravRttiyAM ullekhanIya haiM  /  carita, kathA, rAsA Adi upalabdha sAhitya inhIM pravRttiyoM ke antargata pA jAtA hai  /  dhArmika aura laukika donoM pravRttiyoM kA bhI yahAM samanvaya dekhA jA sakatA hai| ina sabhI pravRttiyoM ko eka zabda meM samAhita karane ke lie 'pAdikAla' jaise niSpakSa zabda kA prayoga adhika upayukta lagatA hai| DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina ne ise apabhraMza kAla kahakara usakA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai  / 1 ise cAhe apabhraMza kAla kahA jAya yA cAraNakAla yA saMdhikAla, para itanA nizcita hai ki isa kAla meM apabhraMza kA pariniSThita rUpa sAhityika ho gayA thA aura usakA dezaja rUpa purAnI hindI ko sthApita karane lagA thaa| apabhraMza ke sAtha hI purAnI hindI kA rUpa svayaMbhU, hemacandra jaise prAcAryoM ke granthoM meM bhalIbhAMti pratibimbita huA hai  /  isalie isakA nAma apabhraMza kI apekSA prAdikAla adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai  /  DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne isa nAmakaraNa ko to svIkRta kiyA hai para ve kAla-somA ko svIkAra nahIM kara ske| nAmakaraNa ke pIche pravRtti, jAti, bhASA, vyakti, saMpradAya, viziSTa racanA zailI, prAcInatA-arvAcInatA, racanA-stara, rAjanItika ghaTanAe~ Adi aneka prAdhAroM ko prasthApita kiyA gayA para ve koI bhI apane ko nirdoSa siddha nahIM kara ske| unameM sarvAdhika nirdoSatA AdikAla ke sAtha hI juTI huI hai jahAM saba kucha antarmukta ho jAtA hai  /  ataH yahAM rAhula sAkRtyAyana tathA DA0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke vicAroM kA samanvaya kara hindI ke usa kAla-khaNDa kA nAma nirdhAraNa 'pAdikAla' adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| jaisA pIche likhA jA cukA hai, hamane mAdikAla kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa lagabhaga saptama zatAbdI se caudahavIM zatAbdI taka kiyA hai| ise do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai-pahalA apabhraMza bahula hindI kAla aura dUsarA prAraMbhika hindI kAla  /  prathama kAla meM bhASA sAhityika papA se vikasita hokara dezI bhASA kI bhora baDhane lagI thii| svayaMbhU ke pUrvavartI kaviyoM ne jise apabhraMza kahA, svayaMbhU ne use "desI bhAsA ubhaya-taDujjala" kahakara 'desI bhAsA' saMjJA denA adhika ucita samajhA  /  uttarakAlIna kavi lakSmaNadeva ne NemiNAhacariu meM 'gama sakAu pAuma desa bhAsa' kahakara isI kA samarthana kiyA hai saMbhava hai| apabhraMza kI loka 1. hindI sAhitya kA mAdikAla evaM mUlyAMkana-anekAnta, 34 kiraNa, 4. visa. 1981, pR, 6-8

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________________ $ Ni  veer at at deer usake vikasita svarUpa ko vidyApati ne aba aura desina aunt (dezI vacana) kahA hai| prAkRta ke vikasita rUpa ko hI vastutaH apabhraMza kahA gayA hai  /  jaise pAtaMjali 1150 I. pU.) ne mahAbhASya meM sarvaprathama apabhraMza zabda kA prayoga kiyA para vaha prayoga prapANinIya zabdoM ke lie huA hai  /  bhAmaha aura daNDI (7 vIM zatI) taka Ate-prAte vaha grAbhIra kiMvA praziSTa samAja kI bolI ke rUpa meM svIkAra kI jAne lgii| udyotana ( 8vIM pAtI) aura svayaMbhU ke kAla taka apakSa ne eka kAvya zailI aura bhASA ke rUpa meM apanA sthAna banA liyA  /  AThavIM zatI ke bAda to apabhraMza bhASA ke bhedoM meM ginI jAne lagI  /  rudraTa, rAjazekhara jaise kaviyoM ne usakA sAhityika samAdara kiyA  /  puruSottama (11 vIM zatI) ke kAla taka pahuMcate-pahuMcate usakA prayoga ziSTa prayoga mAnA jAne lagA  /  hemacanda ne to apabhraMza kI sAhitya samRddhi ko dekhakara usakA pariniSThita vyAkaraNa hI likha DAlA  /  apabhraMza athavA dezI bhASA kI lokapriyatA kA yaha sarvotkRSTa udAharaNa mAnA jA sakatA hai  /  vi. sa. 1400 ke bAda kaviyoM ko prerita karane vAle sAMskRtika AdhAra meM bhinnya dikhAI par3atA hai  /  phalasvarUpa janatA kI manovRtti aura rUci meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai  /  paristhitiyoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa janatA kI ruci jIvana se udAsIna aura bhagavadbhakti meM lIna hokara bhrAtma kalyANa karane kI ghora unmukha thI  /  isalie isa vivecya kAla meM kavi bhakti aura adhyAtma saMbaMdhI racanAyeM karate dikhAI dete haiM  /  jaina kaviyoM kI isa prakAra kI racanAyeM lagabhaga vi.saM. 1900 taka milatI haiM  /  ata: isa samUce kAla ko madhyakAla nAma denA hI anukula pratIta hotA hai  /  prA0 zukla ne bhI prAdikAla (vIragAthAkAla), pUrvamadhyakAla (bhaktikAla ), uttaramadhyakAla ( rItikAla ) aura prAdhunikakAla nAma rakhe haiM  /  prA0 zukla ne jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti aura adhyAtma saMbaMdhI racanAoM ko nahIM TaTolA yA unheM dekhane nahIM milI  /  ataH mAtra jainetara hindI kaviyoM kI zrRMgArika aura rItibaddha racanAyeM dekhakara hI madhyakAla ke uparyukta do bhAga kiye  /  cUMki jaina kaviyoM dvArA racita jaina kAvya kI bhakti rUpI jArA vi. saM. 1900 taka bahatI hai  /  prata: hamane isa sampUrNakAla ko madhyakAla ke nAma se prabhihita kiyA hai  /  yadyapi isa kAla meM jaina kaviyoM ne rIti saMbaMdhI (lakSaNa graMtha aMgara paraka citraNa, nAyaka-nAyikA bheda bhAdi) graMtha bhI rakhe haiM parantu isakI saMkhyA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nagaNya hI hai| prastuta prabandha meM hamane madhyakAla kI isI sImA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi sam upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu ke saMyoga se bane saMskRti zabda kA artha hai, samyaka prakAra se nirmANa athavA pariSkaraNa kI kriyA  /  saMskAra, vAtAvaraNa aura

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________________ sabhyatA kA saMdarbha bhI isa zabda ke sAtha jur3A huA hai  /  isalie saMskRti ke kSetra meM dharma, darzana, itihAsa, kAla, sAhitya prAdi saba kucha prantarbhukta ho jAtA hai  /  saMskRti kA aMgrejI anuvAda sAdhAraNataH Culture zabda se kiyA jAtA haiM jisakA sarvaprathama prayoga 1420 I. meM kRSi aura pazupAlana ke artha meM kiyA gayA thA  /  leTina Colere zabda se bhI isakI nirukti batAyI jAtI hai  /  vaha bhI kRSi se saMbaddha hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki kRSi kA sambandha mAnava kI paraMparA se rahA hai  /  kRSi ke kAraNa hI bhramaraNazIla pravRtti, vividha vastunoM kA upayoga, sAmUhika upayama yAdi vRttiyAM jAgarita huI haiN| ina sabhI vRttiyoM ko jAgarita karane ke lie jisa prakriyA kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha saMskRti kahalAtI hai  /  itihAsa ke sAtha hI isakA sambandha samAjazAstra se bhI hai jisake anusAra vyakti apane vaMzAnukrama (heriditory ) dhaura pariveza ( envirnoment ) kI pratikRti mAtra hai  /  saMskRti prathA Culure zabda ko lekara dezIya evaM videzIya vidvAnoM ne bar3A cintana praura manthana kiyA hai| dezIya vidvAnoM meM DaoN0 pI. ke. prAcArya baladeva prasAda mizra, maMgala dela zAstrI, bhagavata zaraNa upAdhyAya, jayacanda vidyAlaMkAra, motIlAla zarmA Adi vidvAna vizeSa ullekhya haiM tathA videzIya vidvAnoM meM e. ela. kobara ( Krober ), bAuvenArksa (Vavuenargues), vAlTeyara ( Voltire ), maithyU arnAlDa (matheuce Arnold ), philipa baigvI (philid Beglu) vhAiTa (leslie A. wnite) prAdi vidvAnoM ke nAma liye jA sakate haiN| ye sabhI vidvAna isa niSkarSa para pahuMce haiM ki saMskRti mAnava kI eka gatizIla pravRtti hai jo vyakti athavA samAja kI apanI paristhiti, pariveza, saMskAra, mAnyatAoM zrAdi kI pRSThabhUmi meM parivartita hotI calI hai  /  bhAratIya sAhitya aura saMskRti kI bhI yahI kahAnI hai apanI sArvabhaumika prAdhyAtmika sAdhanoM ke punIta AdhAra para vaha aneka bhAvAtoM meM bhI apanA stitva banAye rakhane meM sakSama huii| anekatA meM ekatA usakA mUlamaMtra rahA hai  /  dharma darzana kI loka mAMgalika pRSThabhUmi me samAja aura sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai  /  vaividhya hote hue bhI jIvana ke zAzvata mUlya paraspara guthe huye haiM  /  isalie eka dharma, sampradAya, sAhitya aura saMskRti dUsare dharma, sampradAya, sAhitya aura saMskRti se prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha sakI  /  isI pRSThabhUmi meM hama madhyayuga ke vividha prayAsoM, para saMkSipta vicAra kreNge| t 1. Kroeter A.L and clyde kluckhohn: culture, P. 952

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________________ itihAsa kA madhyayuga sAdhAraNata: sAtavIM bhAThavIM zatI se 17-18 vIM zatI taka mAnA jAtA hai| bhAratIya itihAsakAroM ne ise pUvarmadhyayuga (650I. se 1200 I. taka) aura uttara madhyayuga (1200 I.se) 1700 I. taka) ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA hai  /  yaha vibhAjana rAjanItika, dhArmika, prAdhika, aitihAsika mAdi pravRttiyoM para AdhArita hai| Adhunika bhArya bhASAyeM bhI isI kAla kI dena hai| hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kA kAla vibhAjana eka vaiziSTya liye hue hai| usakA madhyayuga 1350 I. se 1850 I taka calatA rahatA hai| isa samaya taka videzI mAnamaraNoM ke phalasvarUpa tathA briTiza rAjya ke kAraNa sAmAjika krAMti suptAvasthA meM rahI  /  asahAyAvasthA meM hI bhakti Andolana hue aura rItibaddha tathA rItimukta sAhitya kA sRjana huA  /  jaina adhyAtmavAda prathavA rahasyavAda kI pravRttiyoM ko janma dene aura unheM vikasita karane meM rAjanItika madhyayugIna avasthA viziSTa kAraNabhUta rahI hai  /  isako hama yahAM rAjanItika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se samajhane kA prayatna kareMge  /  1. rAjanItika pRSThabhUmi bhArata kI rAjanItika avyavasthA aura asthiratA kA yuga harSavardhana (606647 I.) kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI prAraMbha ho gayA  /  sAmAjika vizva khalatA aura pArthakya bhAvanA balavatI ho gii| bhArata choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA  /  aisI paristhiti meM 8vIM zatI pUrvArdha meM kannoja meM yazovarmA kA prAdhipatya huprA jo rASTrakUTo kI pracaNDa zakti ke kAraNa chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| usake bAda gurjara pratihAroM ne usa para lagabhaga 11vI zatI taka rAjya kiyaa| rAjA vatsarAja (775800 I.) jainadharma kA lokapriya sahAyaka rAjA thaa| usI ke rAjya meM jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa, udyotanasUri ne kuvalayamAlA tathA haribhadra sUri ne citaur3a meM maneka graMthoM kI racanA kI  /  yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki aise nivRttiparaka sAdhakoM meM jaina sAdhaka pradhAna rahe haiM jinakA jamAva pazcimottara pradeza meM kadAcita vyApArika vRtti ke kAraNa for rahA hai  /  isalie prArambhika hindI jaina sAhitya isI pradeza meM sarvAdhika milatA hai  /  prAge calakara dillI, magagha aura madhyapradeza bhI hindI jaina sAhitya ke gar3ha bane  /  isa sAhitya meM tatkAlIna dhArmika aura sAMskRtika dRSTikoNa bhI parilakSita hotA hai  /  sAdhAraNata: bArahavIM zatAbdI taka rAjAoM meM paraspara yuddha hote rahe aura yuddhoM kA mUla kAraNa yA zrRMgAra- prema paraka bhAvanAoM kA udvelana aura kanyAoM kA haThAt apaharaNa  /  rAjA loga isI meM apane puruSArtha kI siddhi mAnate the| una para aMkuza rakhane ke lie janatA ke hAtha meM kisI prakAra kA sambala nahIM thA  /  unakI

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________________ rAjanItika cetanA suptaprAya ho cukI thii| phalataH janatA meM rAjAmoM ke prati bhakti sevA bhAvanA, prAtma samarpaNa aura rAjanItika jIvana ke prati udAsInatA chA gayI thii| usake mana meM rASTrIya bhAvanAyeM atyaMta sImita ho cukI thii| ina paristhitiyoM ne kaviyoM ko rAjAmoM kA mAtra prazastikAra banA diyaa| ve apane prAzraya dAtAmoM ke guNagAna meM hI apanI pratibhA kA upayoga karane lge| unheM apane mAtrayadAtA ke sAmantI ThATa-bATa aura vilAsitA ke citraNa meM vizeSa ruci thii| lagabhaga 500 varSoM ke lambe kAla meM kAnyakubja ke yazovarmana ke rAjakavi bhavabhUti ne aura prati. hAra vaMza ke kulagurU rAjazekhara ne apane prAzrayadAtA ko prazasti kA mAna na karake rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke rAjanItika AdarzoM ko apane pratha mahAvIra carita uttara rAmacarita, bAla bhArata aura bAla rAmAyaNa meM sthApita kiyaa| apane AzrayadAtA rAjAroM kI prazasti kA gAna karane vAlI isa madhyayugIna paramparA kA zrIgaNeza bANabhaTTa se humA  /  unakA harSacarita rAjA harSa kI prazasti kA aisA hI saskRta kAvya hai  /  uttara kAlIna kaviyoM ne unakA bhalIbhAMti anukaraNa kiyA  /  gAuDavaho, nabasAhasAMka carita' kumArapAla carita, prabandha cintAmaNi, vastu. pAla carita prAdi saikar3oM aise graMtha haiM jo mAtra prAzrayadAtAmoM kI prazasti meM likhe huye haiM  /  isI paramparA meM hindI kaviyoM ne rAso sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| isa sAhitya ke nirmAtAmoM meM jaina kavi vizeSa agraNI rahe haiN| unhoMne isakA upayoga tIrthakara aura jana prAcAryoM kI yazogAthA meM kiyA hai| 13 vI zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka madhya eziyAI musalamAnoM ke prAkramaNoM se bhArata atyaMta trasta rahA  /  dhIre-dhIre rAjasattAyeM parAdhInatA kI zrRMkhalA meM jakar3atI rahI  /  muhammada gorI, gajanabI, saMpada vaza, lodI vaza, muhammada tugalaka prAdi musalamAna rAjAno ke niyamita AkramaNa hue jisase sArA bhAratIya jana-jIvana asta-vyasta ho gyaa| bhAratIya rAje-mahArAje svArthatA kI capeTa meM adhikAdhika saMkIrNa hote gye| unameM paraspara vidvapa kI agni prajjavalita hotI rahI  /  isI bIca bAbara humAyU, akabara, jahAMgIra, zAhajahA, moraMgajeba mAdi mugaloM ke bhI bhAkramaNoM aura pratyAkramaNoM ne bhAratIya samAja ko naSTa-bhraSTa kiyaa| bhAratIya rAjAmoM ke bIca panapI antaHkalahane bhI yuddho ko eka khela kA rUpa de diyaa| vAsanAvRtti ne isameM bhI kA kAma kiyaa| isase musalima zAsakoM kA sAhasa aura bar3hatA gayA  /  isake bAvajUda muslima zakti ko bhAratIya rAjAmoM ne saralatApUrvaka strIkAra nahIM kiyaa| lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI taka uttara bhArata meM usakA ghanaghora pratiroSa humA  /  parantu paristhitivaza dillI aura kannauja ke hindU sAmrAjya naSTa haye aura yaha pratiroSa kama ho gayA  /  isa pratirodha kI mAga rAjasthAna, madhyabhArata,

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________________ 'rg gujarAta aura ur3IsA ke rAjavaMzoM meM phailatI rahI aura phalasvasma ke mukhalamAnoM kA tIvra virodha aMta taka karate rahe  /  parantu pArasparika kUTa ke kAraNa ye muslima mAmaraNoM ko pUrNa rUpa se dhvasta nahIM kara paaye| isaliye janatA meM kucha nirAkA gyii| phira bhI musalamAnoM ke sAtha saMgharSa banA hI rahA  /  mevAr3a ke rAjA saMcAmasiMha aura vikramAditya hemacandra ke netRtva meM muslima zAsakoM se saMgharSa hote rahe aura pauraMgajeba ke samaya taka pAte-pAte hindunoM kI bhakti kAphI bar3ha gayI  /  ise hama rAjanItika punarutthAna kA yuga kaha sakate haiN| isa samaya jATa, siksa marAThA, rANApratApa, zivAjI, durgAdAsa, chatrasAla Adi bhAratIya rAjAoM ne unake dAMta khaTTaTe kiye paura svataMtratA ke bIja boye  /  uparyukta rAjanItika parithatiyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa kAla meM pAnItika asthiratA ke kAraNa jana-jIvana asta-vyasta aura saMtrasta thaa| jIvana kI prasurakSA, rASTrIyatA kA apamAna, kalA-kRtiyoM kA khaNDana, svAbhimAna kA hanana, sampatti kA apaharaNa jaise tatvoM ne hinduproM mora musalamAnoM ke bIca medabhAva aura vaimanasya kI jabardasta dIvAla khar3I kara dI thii| dharmAndhatA aura nArI ke satItva. haraNa ke kAraNa rASTra jIvana meM nirAzA kA vAtAvaraNa chA gayA thaa| phalata: usa samaya bhautika sukha kI bhora se udAsInatA tathA bhagavadbhakti kI bhora saMlagnatA dikhAI detI hai| DaoN. triguNAyata ne ina rAjanItika paristhitiyoM ke phalasvarUpa bhAratIya jIvana aura samAja para nimnalikhita prabhAva dekhe haiM (1) dharmasudhAra kI bhAvanA jAprata huii| nAthapanya, liMgAyata, siddharA mAdi panthoM kA udaya isI dharma sudhAra bhAvanA ke kAraNa humA thaa| ina sabakA lakSya hindU dharma aura islAma meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA thA, (2) pardA prathA samAja meM dRr3ha ho gaI tAki striyoM ko balAtkAra mAdi jaise kukRtyo se bacAyA jA sake, (3) dharma saguNopAsanA meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa nirguNopAsanA kI bhora jhukA, tathA (4) aikAntikatA aura nityAtmakatA se prerita hokara sAdhakoM ne nirguNa brahmakI upAsanA prAraMbha kii|| 2. maanik ghuutmuli jaisA abhI hama dekha cuke haiM, itihAsa ke madhyakAla meM bhArata kA sAMskRtika gharAtala dezI-videzI rAjAnoM ke mAkramaNoM se vikhalita rhaa| bhArata kA janamAnasa una mAkramaNoM se trasta ho gayA aura phalataH apane dhamoM meM sAmayika pari. 1. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, pR. 71-72,

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________________ to vartana kI ghora dekhane lagA  /  isa yuga meM bhakti kA prAdhAnya rhaa| sabhI dharmoM meM bhakti ke kAraNa aneka vikAsa patha nirmita hue  /  bAhyADambara ke sAtha hI pracAra zaithilya bar3ha gyaa| tAtkAlika sAhitya, dharma aura bhakti kI preraNA se adhika samRddha huA  /  vaidika, jaina bhora bauddha dharmoM ke vikAsa aura parivartana ke vividha svarUpa vizeSa rUpa se lakSita hote haiM  /  ise hama saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se dekha sakate haiM  /  1. vaidika dharma madhyayuga meM vaidika dharma ne vizeSa rUpa se dArzanika kSetra meM praveza kiyA  /  prabhAkara aura kumArila ne mImAMsA ke mAdhyama se aura zaMkarAcArya ne vedAnta ke mAdhyama se vaidika darzana kA punarutthAna kiyA  /  zaMkarAcArya ne to boddha dharma kI bahutasI sAmagrI lekara use AtmasAta karane kA prayatna kiyA  /  isalie unheM "pracchanna bauddha bhI kahA jAtA hai  /  isI yuga meM paurANika aura smArta dharmoM kA samanvayAtmaka rUpa sAmane bhAyA  /  smArto ne viSNu, ziva, durgA, sUrya zrIra gaNeza ina paMcadevoM kI pUjA prAraMbha kara dI  /  inhI ke AdhAra para pAca upaniSad bhI likhe gaye  /  yaha upaniSad darzana, smArta aura vedAnta darzana se eka juTa ho gayA  /  vaiSNava dharmAvalambI kaviyo ne aise hI dharma ko svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAgavata aura pAMcarAtra sampradAya bhI vaiSNava dharma ke zraga rahe hai  /  bhAgavata sampradAya ne ziva aura viSNu meM abhinnatva sthApita kiyA  /  vaidika pUjA-paddhati se ve vizeSa prabhAvita the  /  vaiSNava dharma bhora sAhitya ke dekhane se yaha spaSTa hai ki unameM zAkta siddhAntoM kA samAveza huA  /  pAMcarAtra sampradAya bhI aneka upasampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gayA  /  vaiSNava, mahAnubhAva aura rAmAyata uname pramukha upasampradAya the| vaiSNava pAMcarAtra sampradAya uttara se dakSiNa taka phailA thA  /  tamila pradeza meM usakA vizeSa pracAra thA  /  usameM nAthamuni, puNDarIkAkSa, yamunAcArya, rAmAnuja rAmAnanda, tulasIdAsa bhAdi prasiddha prAcArya aura santa hue hai| rAmAnuja kA viziSTAdvaitavAda vizeSa prasiddha rahA hai  /  mahAnubhAva sampradAya mAtra kRSNa kA ArAdhaka thA aura vaha mUrti ke sthAna para kevala pratIka kI pUjA karatA thaa| yaha sampradAya smArta ke AdhAra kA virodhI tathA sAmpradAyika thA  /  dattAtraya isake prasthApaka prAcArya mAne jAte haiN| mahArASTra aura kannaDa pradezoM meM isakA vizeSa pracAra thA  /  rAmAyata sampradAya meM rAma kI kathA ko AdhyAtmika mor3a milA  /  tadanusAra rAma mAyA manuSya aura sItA mAyAcchAdita cinchakti thI  /  isa para advaita vedAnta bhora zAkta sampradAyoM kA prabhAva thA  /  yaha sampradAya dakSiNa se lekara uttara bhArata meM lokapriya huA  /  paM. baladeva upAdhyAya ne vaiSNava bhakti mAndolana ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- (i) sAtvatayuga ( 1500 I. pU. se 500 I. taka ), (ii) bhalavAra

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________________ yuga (109-1400 I.) aura (ii) prAcArya suma (madhyayuga (1400-1900 ii.)| sAtvata, sampradAya (pAMcarAtra) kI, udayabhUmi mathurA rahI hai| zuMga aura gupta rAjAmoM ne ise adhika prazraya diyA hai| palavAra yuga meM bhakti kA rUpa aura gAr3ha ho gyaa| yaha dakSiNa meM adhika pracalita rahA  /  tRtIya yuga rAma aura kRSNA mAkhA meM vimAjita ho jAtA hai| uttara bhArata meM isakA kAphI vikAsa huyA hai| niguNa sampradAya isI pAMdolana se saMbaddha hai| vaiSNava sampradAya ke sAtha hI zaiva sampradAya kA bhI vikAsa humA  /  isa zaiba sampradAya ke do bheda milate haiM-pAzupata aura prAgamika  /  pAzupata ke antargata zuddha.pAzupata, lakulIza pAzupata, kApAlika aura nAtha mAte hai| mAyamika sampradAya meM saMskRta maMka tamila zaMva, kAzmIra zaiva aura bIra ghAva ko antarbhUta kiyA gayA hai  /  pAzupata sampradAya kA vizeSa jora uttara bhArata meM rahA hai  /  isake prasiddha prAcArya naiyAyika udyotakara ke ke prazastapAda mAdi aneka graMtha upalabdha haiM  /  lakulIza sampradAya gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM adhika thA  /  lakulIza kI vahA~ mUrtiyA~ bhI milI haiM  /  kApAlika sampradAya bhI uttara bhArata meM milatA rahA  /  para usakA koI mahatvapUrNa sAhitya upalabdha nahIM humA  /  usakI sAdhanA paddhati bar3I vIbhatsa aura prazlIla thii| usameM narabalI, surApAna, yauna sambandha, mAMsa bhakSaNa jaise gahita tatva adhika pracalita the| zava sampradAya ke viziSTa siddhAnta the :-pazupati ziva makhila vizva ke svAmI haiM  /  manuSya pazu hai, para usakA zarIra jar3a aura prAtmA cetana hai  /  yaha bhAtmA pAza se bandhA humA hai| pAza tIna prakAra ke haiM prArarAva (majJAna), (2) karma, (3) mAyA  /  ziva kI kRpA se zakti prakaTa hotI hai aura pAzoM kA vinAza hokara mokSa prApta hotA hai jahA~ ziva aura mAramA madata bana jAte haiM  /  madhyakAlIna zaivAcArya saMbandara paura appara ne janadharma ko dakSiNa se samApta karane kA bhArI prayatna giyA  /  zaMva sampradAya mora zAkta sampradAya kA vizeSa saMbaMdha rahA hai| zakti kA saMbaMdha. vizeSataH taMtra-maMtra se rahA hai| ziva kI patnI durgA, zakti kI pratIka hai| usI. ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI sRSTi mAdi kArya hote haiM  /  vAma mArga kI yaugika sAmanAyeM bhI thAkta sampradAya se sambaddha haiN| zaiva sampradAya kA nAtha sampradAya uttarabhArata, paMjAba tathA rAjasthAna prAdi  /  pradezoM meM vizeSa pracalita thaa| pahale usakA sambandha kApAlikoM se thA para bAdameM gorakhanAma. ne use mukta kraayaa| isa sampradAya meM halyoga-sAdhanA vizeSa rUpa se pracalita thii| tAntrika vaidika aura bauka sApaka nAtha sampradAya se prabhAvita the| soma, siddha, kola prAdi sampradAya bhI isI ke aMga haiN| samAsa: madhyakAlInasa . mana itihAsa ko vaidika saMskRti ke sandarbha meM dekhane se yaha spaSTa jhe,jAtA hai ki saptamasaSTama - sI meM camatkAra kA prabhAra

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________________ 12 1 lagabhaga hara samAja aura dharma para par3a rahA thaa| navam zatI meM camatkAra ke mAdhyama se hI taMtra sampradAya kA janma kAzmIra meM huaa| isakI do zAkhAyeM huI spanda, maura pratyabhijJa  /  spanda zAkhA ko "ziva-sUtra " kahA jAne lagA jisake siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana vasugupta (850-907) ne kiyA  /  tadanusAra ziva sRSTi ke kartA hU~  /  para usake bhautika kAraNa nahIM  /  pratyabhijJA kI sthApanA meM saumAnaMda (saM. 907) kA vizeSa hAtha hai| unhoMne ise dhvanyAloka locana meM adhika spaSTa kiyA hai| tadanusAra saMsArI jIva pRthak hote huye bhI ziva se prapRthak haiN| kAlAntara meM zaMnamata ne mahAyAna se lAbha uThAyA mora buddha tathA ziva kI eka-sA banA diyA  /  nepAla meM prApta mahAyAnI bauddha mUrtiyoM tathA yogI ziva mUrtiyoM meM aMtara karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai  /  bAda meM tAntrika mora zaiva siddhAntoM ke sAtha zakti kA saMbaMdha jur3a gayA aura zAkta mata prAraMbha ho gayA  /  yahI zakti sRSTi kA kAraNa banI  /  zakti zveta aura zyAma varNa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huI  /  zveta rUpa meM umA aura zyAma rUpa meM kAlI, caNDI, cAmuNDA prAdi bhayakAriNI deviyoM kI sthApanA huii| isa zAkta mata meM dakSiNAcAra maura vAmAcAra bheda hue| vAmAcAra kI zakti sAdhanA me paMca makAroM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA usameM bhoga vAsanA ke mAdhyama se siddhi prApta kI jAtI thI  /  pazubali bhAdi bhI dI jAtI thii| madhyakAla meM ye donoM pravRttiyA~ hiMsA tathA vilAsa ke rUpa meM dikhAI detI haiN| uttarakAla me isI meM se aneka upa-sampradAoM kA janma humA jisase hindI sAhitya prabhAvita nahIM rahA  /  videzI mAmaraNoM ke bAvajUda hindI sA0 kI paramparA apane pUrvavartI saMskRta pAli, prAkata aura apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke prAdhAra para phalatI-phUlatI rahI  /  tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM kI pRSThabhUmi me bhakti sAhitya kA nirmANa huA  /  usakI bhakti dhArA dakSiNa se uttara bhArata meM phucii| bhakti kI yaha dhArA saguNa mArgI thii| nirguNa bhakti kA pracAra muslima zAsana kAla meM adhika huthA kyoMki islAma kA usase kisI prakAra kA virodha nahI thA  /  ye nirguNa sAdhaka apane brahma ko apane hI bhItara dekhate the  /  samAja aura rASTra se unhe koI matalaba na thA  /  nirguNiyoM se pUrva nAtha aura siddhoM ke vidhi vidhAnaparaka karmakANDa se janatA ko koI preraNA nahI mila rahI thI  /  haThayogI santa bhI loka-saMgraha kA mArga nahIM dikhA sakate the  /  ataH IzopaniSad ke samuccayavAda kA punarsaMghaTana rAmAnujAcArya ne kiyA  /  bAda me uttarabhArata meM rAmAnaMda, nAtha aura tulasI Adi ne isakA pracAra kiyaa| isa samuccaya meM bhakti, jJAna dhaura karma tInoM kA samanvaya thA  /  isa bhakti Andolana ne jana samAja ko yugavANI, yuga puruSa aura yuga dharma diyA  /  2. jaina dharma madhyakAla taka mAte jhAte jaina dharma spaSTa rUpa se digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAmoM meM vibhakta ho gayA thaa| donoM paramparAdhoM aura unake prAcAryoM ko aneka

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________________ rAjAoM kA area milA dhaura phalata: dhArmika sAhitya, kalA aura saMskRti kA fare paryApta mAtrA meM huA  /  gurjara pratihAra rAjA vatsarAja ke rAjya meM uyotanasUri ne 178 I. meM kuvalayamAlA, jinasena ne saM. 783 meM harivaMzapurANa aura haribhadra sUri ne lagabhaga isI samaya samarAiccakahA Adi granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA  /  devagar3ha khajurAho prAdi ke aneka jaina maMdira isI ke utarakAlIna haiN| prAcArya somadeva ke yazastilampU (959 I.), nItivAkyAmRta prAdi grantha bhI isI samaya ke haiM  /  dhArA ke paramAra vaMzIya rAjAoM ne jaina kaviyoM ko vizeSa rAjAzraya diyA  /  rAjA muMja, navasAhasAMka, bhoja prAdi rAjA jaina dharmAvalambI rhe| unhoMne jaina kavi dhanapAla, mahAsena, amitagati, mANikyanaMdI, prabhAcanda, nayanandI, dhanaMjaya, prAzAvara prAdi vidvAnoM ko samucita zrAzraya diyA  /  mevADa kI rAjadhAnI cittor3a (citrakUTapura ) jainadharma kA viziSTa kendra thA  /  yahIM para elAcArya, vIrasena, haribhadrasUri Adi faarti ne apanI sAhitya sarjanA kI  /  cittaur3a ke prAcIna mahaloM ke nikaTa hI rAjAtroM ne bhavya jaina mandira banavAye  /  hathUDI kA rAThora vaza jaina dharma kA parama anuyAyI thA  /  vAsUdeva sUri, zAntibhadra sUri prAdi vidvAna isI ke zrAzraya meM rahe haiM  /  candela vaMza meM calavaMzIya rAjA bhI jainadharma ke parama bhakta the  /  khajurAho ke zAntinAtha maMdira meM AdinAtha kI vizAla pratimA kI pratiSThA vidyAdhara deva ke zAsanakAla meM huI  /  devagaDha, mahobA, ajayagar3ha, prahAra, paporA, madanapurA dhAdi sthAna jainadharma ke kendra the| gvAliyara ke kacchapaghaTa rAjAoM ne bhI jaina dharma ko khUba phalane-phUlane diyA  /  kaliMga rAjya prArambha se hI jainadharma kA kendra rahA hai| jainAcArya prakalaMka kA bauddhAcAryo ke sAtha prasiddha zAstrArtha yahIM huA  /  parantu uttarakAla meM yahAM jainadharma kA hrAsa ho gayA  /  kalacurIvaMza yadyapi zaiva dharmAlambI thA para usane jainadharma aura kalA ko paryApta pratiSThita kiyA  /  kurupAda, rAmagiri, acalapura, jogImArA, kuNDalapura, kAraMjA, elorA, dhArAziva, khanupadamadeva Adi jaina dharma ke kendra the  /  gujarAta meM bhI prArambha se hI jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra rahA hai| mAnyakheTa ke rASTrakUTa rAjA jainadharma ke prati atyanta udAra the  /  vizeSata: amoghavarSa aura karka "ne yahA~ jainadharma ko bahuta lokapriya bnaayaa| gujarAta anhilapATana kA solaMkI vaMza bhI jainadharma kA prAzrayadAtA rhaa| prAbU kA kalAniketana isa vaMza ke bhImadeva prathama ke maMtrI aura senAnAyaka vimalazAha ne 1032 I. meM bnvaayaa| rAjA jayasiMha ne mahila- pATana ko jJAna kendra banAkara prAcArya hemacandra ko usakA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| hemacandra ne dvAzraya kAvya, siddhama vyAkaraNa prAdi bIsoM grantha tathA bAgbhaTTa ne

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________________ 14 alaMkAra grantha isI rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM likhe  /  kumArapAla bhI isI vaMza kA zAsaka thA  /  vaha nirvivAda rUpa se jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA  /  hemacandra prAcArya usake guru the ghara bhI aneka mantrI, sAmanta prAdi jaina the  /  kumArapAla ke mantrI vastupAla aura tejapAla kA vizeSa sambandha bhAbU ke jaina mandiroM ke nirmANa se jur3A huA hai  /  sindha, kAzmIra, nepAla, baMgAla meM pAlavaMza kA sAmrAjya rhaa| vaha bauddha dharmAvalambI thA  /  usake rAjA devapAla ne to jaina kalA kendra bhI naSTa-bhraSTa kiye  /  baMgAla meM jaina dharma kA astitva 11-12 vIM zatI taka vizeSa rahA hai  /  dakSiNa meM pallava aura pAlya rAjya meM prArambha meM to jaina dharma utkarSa para rahA parantu zava dharma ke prabhAva se bAda meM unake sAhitya aura kalA ke kendra naSTa kara diye gaye  /  cola rAjA ( 985-1016 I.) ke samaya yaha atyAcAra kama huA  /  bAda meM 'cAlukya vaMza ne jaMna kalA praura sAhitya kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| isI samaya jaina mahAkavi joindU, jaTAsiMhananti, raviSeNa, padmanandi, dhanaMjaya, prAryanandi, prabhAcandra, paravAdimalla pranantavIrya, vidyAnandi prAdi prasiddha jainAcArya hue haiM jinhoMne tamila, kannaDa, saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA  /  cAmuNDarAya bhI isI samaya huA jisane zravaNabelagola meM 978 I. meM gomaTezvara bAhubali kI vizAla utturaMga pratimA nirmita karAyI  /  rASTrakUTa vaMza jainadharma kA vizeSa zrAzrayadAtA rahA hai| svayaM vIrasena, jimasena, guNabhadra, mahAvIrAcArya, pAlyakIrti, puSpadanta mAdi jainAcAryoM ne isI rAjya kAla meM jaina sAhitya ko rcaa| kalpAraNI ke kalcurIkAla meM vAsava ne jaina dharma ke siddhAnta maura va dharma kI katipaya paramparAoM kA mizraNa kara 12vIM zatI meM liMgAyata dharma kI sthApanA kii| unhoMne jainoM para kaThora atyAcAra kiye| bAda meM vaiSNavoM ne bhI unake mandira ra pustakAlaya jalAye  /  phalataH adhikAMza jaina zeva prathamA vaiSNava bana gaye  /  araboM, turkI dhaura mugaloM ke bhISaNa prAkramaNoM se jaina sAhitya aura mandira bhI baca nahI sake  /  unheM yA to miTTI meM milA diyA gayA athavA ve masjidoM ke rUpa meM pariNita kara diye gaye  /  inhIM paristhitiyoM ke prabhAva se bhaTTAraka prathA kA vizeSa prabhyudaya huA  /  mUrti pUjA kA bhI virodha huA  /  lodI vaMza ke rAjya kAla tAraNa svAmI (1448-1515 I.) hue jinhoMne mUrtipUjA kA niSedha kara 'tAraNataraNa' paMtha prArambha kiyaa| isa samaya taka dillI, jayapura mAdi sthAnoM para bhaTAraka gaddiyAM sthApita ho cukI thiiN| sUrata, bhaDoca, IDara Adi aneka sthAnoM para bhI ina bhaTTArakI gaddiyoM kA nirmANa ho cukA thA  /  mAcArya sakalakIrti, brahmajayasAgara bhAdi vidvAna isI samaya hue  /  isI kAla meM prabandhoM aura caritoM ko sarala saMskRta

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________________ aura hindI meM likhakara jaina sAhityakAroM ne sAhitya ke kSetra meM eka nayI paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA jisakA prabhAva hindI sAhitya para kAphI par3A  /  mugaloM ke prAkramaNoM se yadyapi jaina sAhitya kI bahuta hAni huI phira bhI prakabara (1556-1605 I.) jaise mahAna zAsakoM ne jainAcAryoM ko sammAnita kiyaa| madhyAtma zailI ke pravartaka banArasIdAsa, pAr3e rUpacanda, pAMDe rAmamalla, brahmarAyamalla, kavi paramalla prAdi hindI ke jaina vidvAna isI samaya hue  /  sAhu ToDaramala prakavara kI TakasAla ke adhyakSa the| prakavara ke rAjya kAla meM hindI jaina sAhitya kI prabhUta abhivRddhi huI  /  jahAMgIra ke samaya meM bhI rAyamalla, brahmagulAla, sundaradAsa, bhagavatIdAsa Adi aneka prasiddha hindI jaina sAhityakAra hae  /  rItikAlIna sAhitya paramparA ke viparIta bhayA bhagavatIdAsa, mAnaMdaghana, lakSamIcanda, jagatarAya prAdi jaina kaviyoM ne zAnta rasa se paripUrNa virAgAtmaka AdhyAtmika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA  /  eka ora jahA~ jenetara kavi tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke vaza mugaloM aura anya rAjAmoM ko zrRMgAra aura prema-vAsanA ke sAgara meM Dabo rahe the, vahIM dUsarI pora jaina kavi aise rAjAoM kI dUSita vRttiyoM ko pradhyAtma aura vairAgya kI ora mor3ane kA prayatna kara rahe the| jaina dharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti kI yaha apratima vizeSatA thii| zAntarama usakA aMgI rasa thaa| samUcA sAhitya usase prAplAvita rahA hai| 3. bauddhadharma saptama zatAbdI ke pAsanAsa taka bauddha dharma hInayAna aura mahAyAna ke rUpa meM deza-videzoM meM baMTa gayA thaa| sAdhAraNata: dakSiNa meM hInayAna aura uttara meM mahAyAna kA jora thaa| bhArata meM isa samaya mahAyAnI paramparA adhika phlii-phuulii| mahArAjA harSavardhana saMbhavata: pahale hInayAnI the aura gada meM mahAyAnI bane  /  hayUnasAMga ne isI ke rAjya kAla meM bhArata yAtrA kI thii| isa samaya bauddha dharma meM avanati ke lakSaNa dikhAI dene lage the| nAlandA, balabhI Adi sthAna bauddha dharma ke kendra bana cuke the| harSa ke bAda bauddha dharma kA patana prAraMbha ho gyaa| ___ yahA~ taka Ate-pAte buddha meM lokottara tatva nihita ho gaye  /  zraddhA aura bhakti kA mAndolana tIvratara ho gyaa| pravadAna sAhitya aura vaipulya sUtra kA nirmANa ho cukA thaa| sautrAMtika aura vaibhASika tayA yogAcAra-vijJAnavAda paura zUnyavAda-mAdhyamika sampradAya apane dArzanika AyAmoM ke sAtha bar3ha rahe the  /  prasaMga, vasubandhu, di nAga, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara gupta, nAgArjuna, prAryadeva, zAntarakSita mAdi mAcArya apanI sAhityika pratibhA kA pradarzana kara rahe the| mAtmavAda mavyAkRta se lekara anAtmavAda athavA nirAtmavAda bana gayA  /  sAdhaka pratItyasamutpAda se svabhAvazUnyatA aura guNa sAdhanA kI pora bar3hane lge| nikAyavAda kA vikAsa ho gayA  /  pAramitAyeM bhI yathAsamaya banane kamane lgii| 1. vizeSa dekhie-aMna darzana evaM saMskRti kA itihAsa-DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAskara, pR. 323-337,

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________________ ____mahAyAnI sampradAya meM isa prakAra krAntikArI parivartana haye  /  zAnta sampradAya kA usa para vizeSa prabhAva par3A  /  tadanusAra taMtra, maMtra, yaMtra, musA, bhAsana, cakra, maMDala, strI, madirA tathA mAMsa mAdi vAmamArgI pAcaraNa bauddha dharma meM pracalita ho gye| ziva kI patni zakti kI taraha pratyekabuddha kI bhI zakti ma pani kalpita huii| isakI tAMtrika sAdhanA meM maithuna ko bhI adhyAtma se sambaddha kara diyA gyaa| baMgAla meM isI ko sahajamArga kahA jAtA thA isa tAMtrika sAdhanA ne bauddha dharma ko apriya banA diyaa| isI samaya musalamAnoM ke prAkramaNoM se bhI bauddha dharma ko kaThora pakkA lagA  /  sAtha hI nandivardhana pallavamalla ke samaya zaMkarAcArya ke prabhAva se bauddha dharma kA niSkAsana ho gyaa| ina sabhI kAraNoM se bauddha dharma 11vIM, 12vIM zatAbdI taka apanI janmabhUmi se samAptaprAya ho gyaa| uttarakAla meM eka to vaha videzoM meM phUlA-phalA aura dUsare bhArata meM usane rUpAntaraNakara saMtoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya para bauddha dharma kA bhI prabhAva par3A hai| madhyakAla taka pAte-pAte yadyapi bauddha dharma mAtra granthoM taka sImita raha gayA thA, para bauddhatara dharma aura sAhitya para usake prabhAva ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki bauddha dharma ko pUrI taraha se naSTa nahIM kiyA jA skaa| mahArASTra ke prAcIna saMtoM para aura hindI sAhitya kI nirguNadhArA ke santoM para isakA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| DA. triguNAyata ne madhyakAlIna dhArmika paristhitiyoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai-(1) sAmAnya janatA meM pracalita aneka nAstika aura prAstika paMtha paura paratiyAM, (2) ve mAstika paddhatiyAM jo ucca varga kI janatA meM mAnya thiiN| ina dharma patiyoM ke pravartaka tathA pratipAdaka adhikatara zAstrajJa prAcArya loga the| mAge ve likhate haiM, jagadgurU zaMkarAcArya kA udaya bhArata ke dhArmika itihAsa meM eka atyaMta mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai  /  unake prabhAva se soyA humA brAhmaNa dharma phira eka bAra jAga uThA  /  use udbuddha dekhakara vilAsapriya bauddhadharma ke paira ukhar3a gaye  /  zAstrajJa vidvAnoM meM unakA nAma kanha ho gyaa| samAja ke naitika patana kA kAraNa bAma. mArgIya dUSita baura paddhatiyAM hI thiiN| macchA huA ki 11vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga yavanoM ke prabhAva se ina dUSita dharmoM ke prati pratikriyA jAgrata ho gayI aura uttara bhArata meM mAcaraNa pravaNa nAtha paMtha kA tathA dakSiNa meM vaiSNava aura liMgAyata dhAdi pau kA udaya ho gayA, nahIM to bhArata aura bhI adhika dInAvasthA ko pahaMca mayA hotA  /  kabIra tathA unake guru rAmAnanda ne isa pratikriyA ko aura bhI adhika mUrtarUpa diyaa| dUsarI pArA zAstrajJa prAcAryoM kI thii| ina prAcAryo kA udaya zaMkarA. cArya kI vicAradhArA kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM humA thaa| ina paravartI prAcAryoM meM rAmAnujAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, mAdhvAcArya tathA ballabhAcArya pramukha haiM  /  zaMkarAcArya

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________________ pravaita vaivAnta ke pradhAna pratipAdaka mAne jAte haiN| unhoMne jJAna ko adhika mahatva diyA  /  madhyakAlIna prAyaH sabhI santa zaMkara aura rAmAnuja donoM se prabhAvita hue haiN| madhyakAlIna santoM para rAmAnuja kI bhakti aura prapatti kA bahuta adhika prabhAva par3A hai| mAdhvAcArya, nimbArkAcArya aura vallabhAcArya kI chApa saguNopAsaka kaviyoM aura bhaktoM para dikhAI par3atI hai| ina prAcAryoM ke kramazaH dvaita, dvaitAdvaita aura zuddhAdvaita siddhAntoM ne hindI sAhitya ko kAphI prabhAvita kiyA hai| jainadharma bhI ina paristhitiyoM meM aprabhAvita nahIM raha sakA  /  usake bhakti Andolana meM aura bhI tIvratA mAI  /  niSkala aura sakala rUpa, nirguNa aura saguNadhArA samAna rUpa se pravAhita huii| prAcIna jaina prAcAryoM ke anurUpa jaina sAdhakoM ne prAdhyAtmika kiMvA rahasya sAdhanA kii| uttarakAla meM ye vaidika saMskRti se kucha rUpa lekara sAdhanA-kSetra meM utre| 3. sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi madhyakAla kA samAja varNa vyavasthA kI kaThora bhitti para khar3A thaa| ucca varNa se nimna varNa kI pora jAne kI to vyavasthA thI para nimna varNa se ucca varNa kI ora nahIM  /  zabda mAtra jAti kA sUcaka nahIM rahA balki use nimna koTi ke vyakti kA pratIka mAnA jAne lgaa| isa kAla kI smRtiyoM meM sAmAjika niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA  /  muslimoM ke AkramaNoM ke kAraNa sAmAjika kaTTaratA aura adhika bar3hatI gii| isake bAvajUda bhAratIyatA ke nAte kisI meM usakA virodha karane kI amAA nahIM rahI  /  islAma meM jAtigata vibhinnatA hote hue bhI sAmAjika vyavasthA se prasantuSTa vyaktiyoM ke lie islAma kA sahArA mila gyaa| isa samaya dhArmika svataMtratA paryApta rUpa se dikhAI detI hai  /  koI bhI vyakti kisI dharma ko pragIkAra karane ke lie svatantra thaa| isake bAvajUda smRtigata varNa vyavasthA ko adhika rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gyaa| anuloma, pratiloma vivAha bhI hote the| satI prathA bhI usa samaya pracalita thii| bahapatnItva prathA hone se nArI kI sthiti dayanIya thii| ucca kuloM meM paradA prathA bhI thii| kRSi karma pramukha vyavasAya thA aura vizeSakara zUdra varga use kiyA karatA thaa| sAmAjika rUr3hiyAM vizrRMkhalita ho rahI thiiN| jJAnAzrayI aura premAzrayI saMtoM ne bhI sAmAjika baMdhana tor3anetur3Ane kA sAhasa kiyaa| itane para bhI samAja smRti varNAzrama vyavasthA ko adhika upayukta mAnatA thaa| isa samaya svayaMvara prathA bhI pracalita thI, vizeSataH kSatriyoM meM 1 gaMdharva tapA rAkSasa vivAhoM ko vihita-sA mAnA jAne lagA thaa| 1. kabIra kI vicAradhArA, pR. 74-84.

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________________ baina dharma mUlataH varNa pAra jAti para vizvAsa nahIM karatA  /  usako vRSTi vyakti ke svayaM ke karma usake sukha duHkha ke uttaradAyI hote haiN| Izvara jagata kA kartA, hartA, dhartA, nahIM; vaha to mAtra adhika se adhika mArgadarzaka kA kAma kara sakatA hai| isalie vaidika saMskRti ke viparIta zramaNa saMskRti meM varNavyavasthA "janmanA" na mAnakara 'karmaNA' mAnI gaI hai  /  parantu navam zatI meM jainAcAyeM jinasena ne vaidika vyavasthA meM anya sAmAjika kiMvA dhArmika saMkalpoM kA jainIkaraNa karake jaina dharma aura saMskRti ko vaivika dharma aura saMskRti ke sAtha lAkara khar3A kara diyA  /  tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke saMdarbha meM prastuta kI gaI isa vyavasthA ne kAphI lokapriyatA prApta kara lii| lagabhaga sau varSoM ke bAda prAcArya somaveva ne usake virodha karane kA sAhasa kiyA para antata: unheM jinasena ke svara meM hI apanA svA milA denA pdd'aa| vAda ke jainacAryoM ne jinasena aura somadeva ke dvArA mAnya varNavyavasthA ko saharSa svIkAra kara liyaa| bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM vizeSa pragati huii| prAcAra kA paripAlana vahAM kama hone lagA ora bAhya kriyAkANDa bar3hane lgaa| 11-12 vIM zatI se vaidika aura jaina samAja vyavasthA meM koI bahuta antara nahIM rahA  /  bauddha dharma to samAptaprAya ho gayA para jaina aura banetara sampradAya bahalatI havA meM phalate-phUlate rhe| aneka prakAra ke samAja sudhAraka aAndolana bhI hue| kavibara banArasIdAsa kI pradhyAtmika zailI ko bhI hama isI zreNI meM rakha sakate haiM  /  ___isa sAmAjika pRSThabhUmi meM hindI jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| kavivara banArasIdAsa, maiyA bhagavatIdAsa. yAnatarAga jaise adhyAtmarasika kaviyoM ne sAhitya sAdhanA kii| jaina samAja meM pracalita andhavizvAmoM aura rur3hiyoM ko unhoMne samApta karane kA prayatma kiyaa| jJAna kA pracAra kiyA aura prAcAra se usakA samanvaya kiyaa| idhara jaba vaiSNava sampradAya sAmane pAyA to bhakti aura ahiMsA kI pRSpha. bhUmi meM usakA AcAra-vicAra bnaa| jaina dharma kA yaha vizeSa prabhAva thaa| pUjA svAdhyAya, yogasAdhanA mAdi naimittika kriyAyeM bnii| jaina-bauddhoM ke caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke anusaraNa meM unhoMne caubIsa avatAra mAne jinameM RSabhadeva aura buddha ko dI sammilita kara liyA gayA  /  dhIre-dhIre vaiSNavI mUrtiyA~ bhI banane lagIM  /  vastrAbhUSahIM se unakI sajjA bhI hone lgii| bhakti bhAva ke kAraNa bhakta rAje-mahArAjoM meM mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ko sone cAndI se Dhaka diyA  /  phalataH bhAkramaNakAriyoM kI lolupI prokhoM se ve na baca ske| zaMkara ke mAyAvAda, rAmAnujAcArya ke viziSTAdvaitavAda, mAdhavAcArya ke dvaitavAda aura nimbArka ke devAdvavabAda ne vedAnta kI sUtrAvali se adhyAtmavAda ke bar3hate hue svara kucha dhIme par3a gye| bAda meM hindU aura musalamAnoM

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________________ meM ekatA prasthApita karane ke lie aneka prayala prArambha hue  /  muluddIna pustI dhAdi kucha musalamAna phakIroM meM islAma ko bhAratIyatA ke kAMce meM DAlane kA prabala kiyA  /  jAyasI se sUphI kaviyoM ne hindI bhASA me graMtha likhe aura hindI kaviyoM ne urdU bhASA meM  /  nirguNa aura saguNa bhakti prAndolana adhika vikasita hue| pUrvottara bhArata meM svAmI rAmAnanda, aura santa kabIra paMjAba meM gurunAnaka, madhyabhArata meM santa sundaradAsa, mahArASTra meM zAnadeva, nAmadeva, tukArAma aura anAra the| baMgAla meM caitanyadeva, bihAra meM vidyApati ThAkura, mujarAta meM lokozAha aura buMdelakhaMDa meM saMta sAye mInA ne jalana ko gati pradAna kI  /  tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra unhoMne samAja meM vyApta bhandha vizvAsoM pora kurItiyoM ko dUra karane kA bharapUra prayatna kiyA  /  mUrtipUnA, jAti-pAti aura karmakAna kA apanI-apanI bolI meM virodha kara nirguNa bhakti kA pracAra kiyA tathA hindU-muslima ke bIca utpanna khAI ko pATakara nayA sAMskRtika saMracanA meM sarAhanIya yogadAna diyaa| madhyakAla kI upayukta sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti kA kSetra praprabhAvita nahIM raha sakA  /  prAcAryoM ne samaya aura prAMvazyakatA ke anusAra apanI sImA ke bhItara hI usameM parivartana-parivardhana kiye, sAhitya kI nayI viSAyeM prArambha kI aura prAcIna vidhAoM ko vikasita kiyaa| paramArtha prApti ke lie vai saguraNa pora nirguNa bhakti ke mAdhyama se rahasya bhAvanA ko prAMcala meM bAMdhakara sAhitya ke kSetra meM utare  /  jinodayasUri banArasIdAsa, maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, mAnandadhana, vinodIlAla, bAnatasaMca, lakSmIdAsa, pANDe lAlacaMda, daulatarAma, jinasamudrahari, jinaharSa-zrAdi zatAdhika kapi isa kSetra ke jAvasyamAna nakSatra rahe haiM jinhoMne apanI cirantana jIvana hatiyoM meM adhyAtmarasa ko bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| prAdhikAla se madhyakAla taka kI isa yAtrA meM hindI jaina sAhityakAroM ne aneka par3Ava pAyeM, unheM saba kiyA para phira Age cala pdd'e| unakI pati kahIM rukI nahIM  /  sAhitya sampanoM kI pravirala dhArA meM unakA pradhyAtma sIkara sarvaca rahasvabhAvanA meM mAlAvisa rahA hai| isI bAlA meM unhoMne maI-mAI milAnoM kA sRjana kiyA, bhASA kA vikAsa kiyA jinheM uttarakAlIna satrI RSiyoM ne prAra sviikaaraa| maha tavyAne kRSTa hotA samA jaagiaa| - -

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________________ dvitIya parivarta prAdikAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyA~ - madhyakAla saMskRta aura prAkRta kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai  /  gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda bANa aura zrIharSa taka kAnyakubja saMskRta kA pradhAna kendra rahA  /  isI taraha mAnyakheTa, mAhiSmatI, paTTaNa, dhArA, kAzI, lakSmaNavatI Adi nagara bhI isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| isa kAla meM saMskRta sAhitya pANDitya pradarzana tathA zAstrIya vAda-vivAda ke pajar3e meM par3a gyaa| vahAM bhAvapakSa kI apekSA kalA pakSa para adhika jora diyA gayA  /  ise hAsonmukha kAla kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai  /  uttarakAla meM usakA koI vikAsa nahIM ho skaa| isa yuga meM jinabhadra, haribhadra, zIlAMka, abhayadeva, malayagiri, hemacandra Adi kA pUrNa sAhitya, amRtacanda, jayasena, malliSeNa, meghanandana, siddhasenasUri, mAghanaMdi, jayazekhara, pAzAdhara, ratnamandiragaNI Adi kA siddhAnta sAhitya, haribhadra, aMkalaMka, vidyAna di, mAriNakyana di, prabhAcanda, hemacanda, malliSeNa, yazovijaya Adi kA nyAya sAhitya, amitagati, somadeva, mAghana di, mAzApara, vIrana di, somaprabhamUri, devendrasUri, rAjamalla prAdi kA prAcAra sAhitya, prakalaMka, vappibhaTTi, dhanaMjaya, vidyAna di, vAdirAja, mAnatuga, hemacanda, mAzApara, padmana di, divAkaramuni mAdi kA bhakti paraka sAhitya, raviSeraNa, jinasena, guNabhadra, zrIcandra, dAmanandi, malliSeNa, devapramasUri, hemacanda, pAzApara, jinaharSagaNi, merutuMgasUri, vinayacandasUri, guNavijayagaNi Adi kA paurANika aura aitihAsika kAvya sAhitya, hariSeNa, prabhAcanda, sirSi, rasnaprabhAcArya, jinaratnasUri, mANikyasUri prAdi kA kathA sAhitya, saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hue  /  isI taraha lalita, jyotiSa, koza, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, alaMkArazAstra Adi kSetroM meM jana kaviyoM ne saMskRta bhASA ke sAhitya bhaNDAra ko bharapUra samRddha kiyaa| isI yuga meM prAkRta bhASA meM bhAgamoM para bhASya, cUriNa va TIkA sAhitya likhA gayA  /  karma sAhitya ke kSetra meM vIrasena, jayasena, nemicanda siddhAnta cakravartI

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________________ 21 vIravaravijaya, candasi mahattara, garmarSi, jinaballabhaMgariNa, devendrasUri, harSakulagarie . zAdi bhAvAya ne, siddhAnta ke kSetra meM haribhadrasUri, kumAra kArtikeya, zAMtisUri, rAjazekharasUri, jayaballabha, guNaratnavijaya prAdi bhAcAyoM ne, bhAcAra va bhakti ke kSetra maiM haribhadrasUri vIrabhadra, devendrasUri vasunadi, jinaprabhasUri, dharmaghoSasUri zrAdi prAcAryo ne, paurANika aura kathA ke kSetra meM zIlAcArya, bhadrezvarasUri, somaprabhAcArya, zrIcandasUri, lakSmaNagariNa, saMghadAsagariNa, dharmadAsagariNa, jayasiMhasUri, devabhadrasUri, devendragariNa, ratnazekharasUri, udyotanasUri, guNapAlamuni, devendrasUri prAdi zrAcAryoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM Warfdhaka grantha likhe  /  lAkSaNika, gaNita, jyotiSa, zilpa zrAdi kSetroM meM bhI prAkRta bhASA ko apanAyA gayA jisane hindI ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA  /  prAkRta ke hI uttaravartI vikasita rUpa apabhraMza ne to hindI sAhitya ko sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyA hai  /  svayaMbhU (7-8vIM zatI) kA paumacariu aura riTThamicariu, dhavala (10-11vIM zatI) aura yazaHkIrti ( 15vIM zatI) ke harivaMzapurANa, puSpadata (10vIM zatI) ke tisadvipurisaguNAlaMkAra ( mahApurANa), jasaharacariu ra gAyakumAracariu, dhanapAla dhakkar3a (10vIM zatI) kA bhavisayattakahA, kanakAmara, ( 10vIM zatI) kA karakaNDu cariu, ghAhila ( 10vI zatI) kA pauma siricariu, harideva kA mayaNaparAjaya, dhabdula rahamAna kA sadesarAsaka, rAmasiMha kA pAhur3adohA, devasena kA sAvayavammadohA Adi saikar3oM grantha apabhraMza meM likhe gaye haiM jinhoMne hindI ke prAdikAla aura madhyakAla ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| unakI sahaja-sarala bhASA svAbhAvika varNana aura sAMskRtika dharAtala para vyAkhyAyita dArzanika siddhAntoM ne hindI jaina sAhitya kI samagra kRtiyoM para apanI amiTa chApa chor3I hai  /  bhASika parivartana bhI ina granthoM meM sahajatA pUrvaka dekhA jA sakatA hai  /  hindI ke vikAsa kI yaha prAtha kar3I hai  /  isalie apabhraMza kI katipaya mukhya vizeSatAoM kI prora dhyAna denA mAvazyaka hai  /  apabhraMza jise prAbhIrokti, bhraSTa aura dezI bhASA kahA gayA hai, bhASA hone ke kAraNa usake bolI rUpoM meM vaiviSya honA svAbhAvika thA  /  prAkRta sarvasvakAra mArkaNDeya ne usake tIna pramukha rUpoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-nAgara, brAcara tathA upanAgara | DaoN. yAkobI ne use usarI, pazcimI, pUrvI tathA dakSiNI ke rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai  /  DaoN. tagAre ne isa vibhAjana ko tIna bhedoM meM hI samAhitakara nimna prakAra se varNana kiyA hai 1. pUrvI apabhraMza-saraha tathA kaNha ke dohAkoza aura paryApadoM kI bhASA  /  ise arrat ra' bhI kahA jAtA hai, pa. baMgalA, ur3iyA, bhojapurI, ffeet bhAvi bhASAyeM isI se nikalI haiN|

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________________ 22 2. puSpadaMta kRta, mahApurAsa, romakumAra sara, saMtastra evaM nAsara ke karakaMbara kI bhASA kI sarI bheda isI meM gamita ho jAtA hai| 3. pazcimI prapatra za-kAlidAsa, joindu, rAmasiMha, dhanapAla, hemacanda prAdi kI prapatra se bhASA, jisakA rUpa vikramorvazIya, sAvayadhamma dohA, pAhu dohA, bhavisayattakahA evaM hemacanda dvArA udabhUta prapatra za dohIM Adi meM upalabdha hotA hai  /  ise nAgara ne kahA jAtA hai| yaha zaurasenI prAkRta saMbaddha bhASA thI  /  ise pariniSThita prakAza bhI kahA jAtA hai  /  DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne jaisA kahA hai, vastutaH lagabhaga 12vIM zatI taka zaurasenI (nAgara) prapatra za meM hI sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| puSpadaMta vagairaha kaviyoM kI bhASA bhI dakSiNI na hokara pazcimI hI rahI hai| isI zaurasenI se pUrvI rAjasthAna, braja, dillI meraTha prAdi kI boliyoM kA vikAsa humrA gurjara aura avantI kI boliyAM bhI isI ke rUpa haiM  /  To vyAsa ne zaurasenI apabhraMza (nAgara) kI vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra se ginAyA hai 1. svara aura dhvaniyA~ : (i) mahArASTrI prAkRta ke samAna yahAM hasva e aura hasva bho dhvaniyAM pAyI jAtI hai| jina saMskRta zabdoM meM e-ai tathA promo dhvaniyAM aura unake bAda saMyukta vyaMjana zrAveM ve svara kramaza: hrasva e (tha) va pro (mA~) ho jAte haiN| jaise- paMkkha (prekSa), saoNksa jaoNbsa meM prathama svara hasva (ekamAtrika) hai  /  = (ii) R, lR, ai, zrI kA prabhAva hai| ai, nau kI jagaha aha uccarita hone lagA  /  (iii) 'va' zruti kA prayoga prapabhraMza kI anyatama vizeSatA hai jaise -gAyakumAra, juyala  /  'va' zruti bhI jahAM kahIM mila jAtI hai  /  jaise- saMvaMti, (ruti, subhaga)  /  suhaba, (iv) antya svara kI hrasvIkaraNa - pravRtti  /  jaise- koi, hoi  /  2. vyaMjana vyaniyA~ : (i) svara ke madhya rahane vAle k, t, pU, kA g, dU, bu, ho jAtA hai tathA khU, thU, ph, kA gh, gh, m, ho jAtA hai| jaise - madakala (mayagala), vipriyakAraka (vipagAra), sAparAdha (samvarAha)  / 

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________________ (ii) pada ke mAdi meM saMyukta vyaMjana nahIM rakhatA, mAtra, ha, maha, lha saMyukta dhyaniyA~ hI mAdi meM mA sakatI haiN| isakI prati ke lie hemacanda ne 'rapha' kA mAgama mAnA hai| jaise-vyAsa (vAsu), dRSTi (ttretti)| para inakA prayoga kama milatA hai| (iii) zora Sa kA prayoga prAyaH samApta ho gyaa| ya ke sthAna para 'ja' kA prayoga huprA hai| (iv ) saMyukta-vyaMjana kI saMkhyA mAtra 31 raha gii| (v) madhyavartI 'ma' kA 'va' ho jAtA hai| prAyaH 'na' tansama zabdoM meM surakSita rahatA thA para tadbhava rUpoM meM eka sAtha 'ma', 've' donoM rUpa milate haiN| jaise-nAma-gAMva, sAmala-savila  /  (vi) antya svara kA hasvIkaraNa  /  (i) apabhraMza meM vyaMjanAMta (halanta) zabda nahIM milate haiN| jaise maraNa (manas), jaga (jaga), pappaNa (prAtman)  /  isalie apabhraMza ke sabhI zabda svarAMta hote haiN| (ii) liMga kI koI vizeSa vyavasthA nahIM rahatI, phira bhI sAdhAraNataH paramparA kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA rahA hai| (iii) vacana do hI hote haiN| vibhaktiyAM aura zamba rUpa (i) prAkRta meM caturthI aura SaSThI kA prabheda sthApita humA thA para apabhraza me isake sAtha hI dvitIyA paura caturthI, saptamI aura tRtIyA, paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke eka vacana tathA prathamA evaM dvitIyA kA bheda samApta ho gyaa| ( i ) prathamA ekavacana me prAkRta kA 'mo' vAlA rUpa putso tathA 'u' vAle rUpa putta, pusuna rUpa milate haiN| kahIM kahIM zUga vibhakti rUpa 'pusa' bhI milatA hai| (ii)prathamA tathA dvitIyA ekavacana meM 'u' vibhakti cinha milatA hai| kahIM-kahIM 'a' vAlA rUpa 'putta' tathA zukha pratipAdika rUpa 'puta' bhI mila jAtA hai| (iv) apamA-ditIyA vibhakti ke bahulyama boM meM 'mA' vAle kapa 'puttA' tathA zUnya rUpa 'pusa' bhI milate haiN| (v ) tRtIyA tathA saptamI ekavacana ke rUpa mizrita ho gaye haiM  /  isameM

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________________ prAkRta 'eNa' vAle rUpoM ke atirikta 'i' (putti), 'e' (putte) tathA 'i' (puttai) bAle rUpa bhI milate haiM  /  (vi) caturthI, paMcamI tathA SaSThI ke rUpa 'hu' tathA 'ho' cinha vAle 'puttahu', 'puttaho' milate haiM  /  sAtha hI 'puttassa' rUpa bhI dekhA jAtA hai| (vii) tRtIyA tathA saptamI bahuvacana meM "hiM' vAle rUpa adhika pAye jAte haiM, 'puttahi' (puttahi)  /  tRtIyA meM 'ehiM' vAle rUpa bhI milate haiM-'pulaihi' (viii) paMcamI aura SaSThI bahuvacana meM putaha, putahaM jaise rUpa milate haiN| (ix) napusaka liMga ke prathamA evaM dvitIyA bahuvacana meM 'i-I' (phalAi phalAi) vAle rUpa hote haiM  /  (x) kAraka meM kevala tIna samUha zeSa raha gaye-(a) prathamA, dvitIyA, saMbodhana, (b) tRtIyA, saptamI, aura (c) caturthI, paMcamI aura sssstthii| sarvanAma: 'asmat' zabda ke prathamA ekavacana meM 'hau', mai-maI' aura bahuvacana meM amhe, amhaI, dvitIyA  /  (ii) tRtIyA va saptamI meM mae-maI, paMcamI-SaSThI meM mahu-majhu, rUpa milate haiM  /  yuSmat zabda ke prathamA ke rUpa tuhu-tuhaM, dvitIyA-tRtIyA ke pai. paI taI; paMcamI-SaSThI meM tuha-sujjha-tujjhu tathA tat-yat ; ke apabhraMza rUpa so-jo milate hai| dhAtu rUpa : (i) apabhraMza meM prAtmane pada kA prAyaH lopa ho gayA hai| (ii) dasa gaNoM kA bheda samApta ho gayA  /  sabhI dhAtu mvAdigaNa ke dhAtuoM kI taraha calate haiN| (iii) lakAroM meM bhI kamI pAI  /  bhUtakAla ke tInoM lakAra adRSTa ho gaye tathA hetu-hetu madbhUta bhI nahIM dikhtaa| inake sthAna para bhUtakAlika kRdanta rUpoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai  /  mukhyataH laT, loT aura luT, lakAra baca gye| (iv ) NijaMta rUpa, nAma dhAtu, vi rUpa tathA anukaraNAtmaka kriyA rUpa bhI pAe jAte haiM  /  dhAtu rUpoM meM vartamAnakAla ke uttama puruSa ekavacana meM 'u' vAle rUpa karaU, bahuvacana meM 'mo' va 'hu~' bAle rUpa; madhyama puruSa ke ekavacana bahuvacana meM kramazaH si.hi tathA hu vAle rUpa; pratya puruSa ekavacana meM i-ei (karai-karei) aura bahuvacana meM nti-hiM

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________________ (kati-kahi) for fha pAe jAte haiN| prAzArthaka kriyA rUpoM meM uttama puruSa ke rUpa nahIM milte| madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM vividha rUpa pAe jAte haiM-zUnya rUpa yA dhAturUpa (kara) u, 6, 6, hi vAle rUpa (kari, karu, karaha, karahi kari hi), bahuvacana meM hai, hu, ho vAle rUpa ( karaha, karahu, karaho) pAe jAte haiM  /  anya puruSa ekavacana meM 'u' cinha ( karau) pAyA jAtA hai  /  (v) vidhyartha meM jja kA prayoga milatA hai-karijjaja, karijjahi, karijjahu prAdi  /  isakA prayoga vartamAna aura bhaviSya kAlArtha meM bhI hotA hai  /  (vi) bhaviSyakAla ke rUpa vartamAna kAlika rUpoM para prApta haiN| ina rUpoM ke bIca meM sa, ha kA prayoga hotA hai  /  'ha' rUpoM ke sAtha vartamAna nifer firs pratyayoM kA hI prayoga hotA hai  /  (vii) bhUtakAla ke lie niSThA pratyaya se vikasita kRdanta rUpa kana, huva prAdi rUpa upalabdha hote haiM  /  (viii) karmariNa prayogoM meM ijja ( gariejjai, vhAijjai ) ke sAtha manya ti pratyayoM ko jor3a diyA jAtA hai  /  parasargo kA udaya : kahima, (i) apabhraMza ke pramukha parasarga haiM--honta- honta u-honti, Thiu, kerana - kera dhaura taraNa | saptamI vAle rUpa ke sAtha 'Thiu' kA prayoga hone para paMcamyartha kI pratIti hotI hai  /  kera yA kerana parasarga kA prayoga kisI vastu se sambaddha hone ke artha me pAyA jAtA hai  /  SaSThI vibhakti ke parasarga ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga prapabhraMza kI hI vizeSatA hai| karaNakAraka ke lie sahUM, taraNa, sampradAna ke lie kehi, resi, apAdAna ke lie hontau, honta, thiu, sambandha ke lie kerau, kera, kara, kI, kA aura saptamI ke lie majha, maha~ prAdi parasagoM kA prayoga prArambha ho gayA  /  vAkya racanA : (i) kAraka- vyatyaya adhika dekhA jAtA hai  /  SaSThI kA prayoga sabhI kArakoM ke lie huA hai| saptamI kA prayoga karma tathA karaNa ke lie paMcamI vibhakti kA prayoga karaNakAraka ke lie tathA dvitIyA kA prayoga afreraNa ke lie dekhA jAtA hai  /  (ii) apabhraMza meM nivibhaktika padoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa vAkya racanA nizcita sI ho calI hai|

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________________ 26 prArambhika hindI praura uttarakAlIna hindI para isakA bahuta prabhAva par3A huA hai| hindI kA DhAMcA apabhraMza kI dena hai| hindI kA parasaga~ prayoga, nirvibhaktika rUpoM kI bahulatA, karmavAcya tathA bhAvavAcya praNAlI ke bIja apabhraMza meM hI dekhe jAte haiM  /  paravartI prapabhraMza meM sthAnIya bhASika tatva bar3hate gaye aura lagabhaga terahavIM zatI taka bhAte bhAte pUrva-pazcima dezavartI boliyAM svatantra rUpa se khar3I ho gaI  /  gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgalA, rAjasthAnI, braja, maithilI bhAdi kSetrIya bhASAe~ isI kA pariNAma hai| DaoN. nAmavarasiMha ne ina bhASAoM ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza ke yogadAna 'kI' parcA kI hai| unake anusAra yaha yogadAna nimnalikhita rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai, vizeSata: madhyakAlIna hindI ke kSetra meM  /  1. nivibhakti padoM kA upayoga  /  2. 3. 4. hinha vibhakti kA prayoga sAmAnyataH karma, sampradAna, karaNa, pradhikaraNa pro sambandha kArako meM  /  5. 6. u vibhakti kA prayoga jisakA khar3I bolI meM lopa ho gayA  /  karaNa, adhikaraNa ke sAtha hI karma, sampradAna aura prapAdAna meM bhI hi-hi vibhakti kA prayoga  /  7. 8. 9. 10. 14. 15. parasargoM meM sambandha kAraka kerala, kera, kara, kA, kI, adhikaraNa kAraka majjhe, majbhu, mA~jha, sampradAna kAraka kehi resi, taraNa pramukha haiM  /  prayatna lAghava pravRtti ke kAraNa ina parasargoM meM ghisAva bhI huA hai  /  sArvanAmika vizeSaNa -- jaiso, taiso, kaiso, praiso. ehau  /  kramavAcaka --- paDhama, pahila, biya, dUja, tIja zrAdi  /  kriyA - saMhiti se vyavahiti kI prora bar3hI  /  tiGantatadbhava - pachi, bhAchaM, ahai-hai; huto ho, thA  /  11. sAmAnya vartamAna kAla --- ai (kareM), e (kare), zrauM (baMdoM) rUpa  /  12. sAmAnya bhaviSyata kAla --- karisai, karisahu~, karihara, karihau~ Adi  /  vartamAna prAzArtha -- sumari, bilambu, kare jaise rUpa  /  13. kRdanta-tadbhava - karata, gayau, kIno, kiyo Adi jaise rUpa | avyaya - mAja, prabarhi, jAMba, kaheM, jahaeN, nAhi, lauM, jai bhAdi  /  sarvanAma haU~ pora ho ( uttama pu. ekava . ) hama (u.pu. bahuva), mo zrIra mohi, mujha-mujbhu (sampradAna), tuhu~ - tutaM- tU-tU-taI tai, tumha tuma ( uttamapu.) taba-to-tohi-tora tumbha (sambandha), mo-pro mohu ( anya pu.), appaNa -prApana, ary (fararas), eha-yaha-ye- isa-ina ( nikaTa ni-sa.), jo ( sambandha vAcaka), kAI - kavaraNa - kauna ( prazna.), kou, koka, (ati.)  /  "

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________________ apabhraMza bhASA kI saraha apabhraMza sAhitya ne bhI hindI, jaina va jainetara sAhitya ko kama prabhAvita nahIM kiyA hai| ise samajhane ke lie hameM sakSapa meM apanA jana sAhitya para eka dRSTipAta karanA Avazyaka hogaa| yaha sAhitya mukhyataH prabandhakAvya, khaNDakAvya aura muktakakAvya kI pravRttiyoM se ghulA hamA hai| purANakAvya aura paritakAvya saMvaitAtmaka haiM  /  yahA~ jaina mahApuruSoM ke carita kA pAkhyAna karate hue prAdhyAtmikatA aura kAvyasva kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| samUce jaina sAhitya meM ye donoM tatva mApAdamagna haiN| apabhraza kA prAdikAla bharata ke nATyazAstra se prArambha hotA hai yahA~ chandaHprakaraNa meM ukAra pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai (maurallau, naccataMu) pAme calakara kAlidAsa taka Ate-pAte isa pravRtti kA aura vikAsa huaa| unake vikramorvazIya meM apabhraMza kI vividha pravRttiyAM parilakSita hotI haiM  /  saMskRta-prAkRta ke chanda tukAnta nahIM the| jabaki apabhraMsa ke chanda tukAnta milane lge| gAthAse dohA kA vikAsa hamA  /  daNDI ke samaya taka apabhraMza sAhitya apane pUrNa vikAsakAla meM prA ekA thaa| sAtha hI kucha aisI pravRttiyAM bhI bar3ha gaI thIM jinakA sambandha hindI ke AdikAla se ho jAtA hai  /  sambhavataH isI kAraNa se udyotana sUri ne apabhraMza ko saMskRta-prAkRta ke zuddhA-zuddha prayogoM se mukta mAnA hai  /  kuvalayamAlA se 'desI bhAsA' ke kucha udAhararaNa diye bhI jAte haiM jo nATaka sAhitya se lie gae haiN| tAva imaM gIyayaM gIyaM gAmanaDIe, jo jasu mANUsu ballahau taMjai praNa rameha  /  jai so jANai jIva vi to tahu pANa laei  /  /  nATakoM meM bhI apabhraMza kA prayoga humA hai  /  zUdraka ne usakA prayoga hIna pAtroM ke lie kiyA hai| vahAM mAthura kI ukti meM ukAra bahulatA dikhAI detI hai| svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta prAdi kI bhI apabhraMza racanAe~ hamAre sAmane haiM. hii| inhIM rakhanAmoM meM dezI bhASA ke bhI katipaya rUpa dikhAI dete haiM  /  rASTrakUTa aura pAla rAjAmoM ke mAzraya se apabhraza kA vikAsa prAdhika huaa| idhara mammaTa (11vIM zatI), vAgbhaTa (12vIM zatI), amaracanda (13vIM zatI), bhoja, pAvandavardhana jaise.prAlaMkArikoM ne mapabhraza ke dohoM ko udAharaNoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jo usa bhASA kI mahatA kI mora spaSTa humita karate haiM  /  hemacanda (12vIM zatI) dvArA ballikhita dohoM ko dekhakara to apaca ke pAriNani DaoN. ricArDa pozela bhAvavibhora ho gaye aura unhIM ke mAdhAra para unhoMne usakI vizeSatAmoM kA prAkalana kara diyA jo mAja bhI yathAvata hai| do. yAkobI ne bhI 'bhavisayasakahA' kI bhUmikA meM apanaza sAhitya kI vizeSatAoM kI bhIra hamArA dhyAna prAkarSita kiyA hai| ina videzI vidvAnoM ke gahana adhyayana ke kAraNa hamAre deza ke vidvAnoM kA bhI dhyAna apanI sAhitya kI bhora mAkarSita mA candradhara zarmA gulerI, rAvacaMda

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________________ 28 zukla, hajArI prasAda dvivedI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, rAmakumAra varmA, bholAzaMkara vyAsa, nAmavarasiMha, zivaprasAdasiMha, rAmacanda tomara, hIrAlAla jaina bhAdi vidvAnoM ne apabhraMza kA adhyayana kiyA aura use purAnI hindI athavA dezI bhASA kahakara sambodhita kiyA  /  sarahapA, kaNha prAdi boddha saMtoM ke svayaMbhU, puSpadaMta Adi jauna vidvAnoM aura candravaradAI tathA vidyApati jaise vaidika kaviyo ne bhI isako isI rUpa meM dekhA  /  apabhraMza aura avahaTTa ne hindI ke vikAsa meM anUThA yogadAna diyA hai  /  isalie hamane apabhraMza aura avahaTTa ko hindI ke prAdikAla kA prathamabhAga tathA purAnI hindI ko prAdikAla kA dvitIya bhAga mAnA hai  /  apane kAlAntara meM sAhityika rUpa le liyA aura bhASA ke vikAsa kI gati ke hisAba se vaha mAge bar3hI jisako pravahaTTa kahA gyaa| isI ko hama purAnI hindI kahanA cAheMge  /  vidvAnoM ne isakI kAlasImA 11 vIM zatI se 14 vIM zatI taka rakhI hai| abdula rahamAna kA saMdesarAsaka, zAlibhadra sUri kA bAhubalI rAsa, jinapadma sUri kA thUlibhaT phAgu prAdi racanAeM isI kAla meM AtI haiM  /  isa kAla kI avahaTTa kiMvA purAnI hindI meM saralIkaraNa kI pravRtti adhika bar3ha gaI  /  vibhaktiyoM kA lopa-sA hone lagA  /  parasagoM kA prayoga bar3ha gayA  /  dhvani parivartana aura rUpa parivartana to itanA adhika huA ki Adhunika bhASAtroM ke zabdoM ke samIpa taka pahuMcane kA mArga spaSTa dikhAI dene lagA  /  videzI zabdoM kA upayoga bar3hA  /  illa, ulla prAdi jaise pratyayoM kA prayoga adhika hone lagA  /  saMbhavata: isI - lie DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne apabhraMza sAhitya ko bhASAkI dRSTi se hindI sAhitya ke antargata svIkAra kiyA hai  /  "cUMki bhASA ko sAhitya se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA isalie apabhraMza sAhitya bhI hindI sAhitya se sambaddha honA cAhiye bhale hI vaha saMkrAntikAlIna rahA hai|" vidvAnoM ke isa mata ko hama pUrNataH svIkAra nahIM kara sakate  /  hA~, pravRtiyoM ke sandarbha meM usakA prAkalana avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai  /  jaisA hama pahale likha cuke haiM, prAdikAla kA kAla nirdhAraNa aura usakI prAmANika racanAeM eka vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| jArja griyarsana se lekara gaNapati candra gupta taka isa vivAda ne aneka mudde banAye para unakA samAdhAna eka mata se kahIM nahIM ho paayaa| jArja griyarsana ne cAraNakAla (700-1300 I.) kI saMjJA dekara usake jina nau kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM candavaradAyI ko chor3akara zeSa kaviyoM kI racanAyeM hI upalabdha nahIM hotIM  /  isake bAda mizrabandhoM ne "mizra vandhu vinoda" ke prathama saMskaraNa meM isa kAla ko prArambhika kAla (saM. 700-1444 ) kaha kara usame 19 kaviyoM ko sthAna diyA hai  /  para una para manthana hone ke bAda pradhikAMza kavi prAmANikatA kI sImA se bAhara ho jAte haiM  /  zrAcArya rAmacandra zukla ne apane itihAsa meM prAdikAla ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA- apabhraMza aura deza bhASA kI rcnaaeN| inameM jaina kAvyoM ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA gyaa| DaoN.

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________________ rAmakumAra varmA ne bhI hindI sAhitya ke prArambhika kAla ko do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA- saMdhikAla (saM. 750-1200) evaM cAraNakAla (1000-1375sN.)| isameM jaina sAhitya ko samAhita karane kA prayala hamA hai| unhoMne use do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| sAhityika apabhraza racanAeM, aura (2) apabhraza paravartI loka bhASA yA prArambhika hindI rcnaae| prathama varga meM svayaMbhUdeva, devasena, puSpadaMta, dhanapAla, muni rAmasiMha, abhayadeva mUri, candramuni, kanakAmara muni, nayanandi, jinadata sUri, yogacandra, hemacandra, haribhadrasUri, somaprabha sUri, merutuga mAdi kaviyoM kI racanAeM pAtI haiM aura dvitIya varga meM zAlibhadra sUri, jinapadma sUri, vinayacandra sUri, dharmasUri, vijayasena sUri, ambadeva sUri, rAjazekhara sari, prAdi kaviyoM kI racanAyoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai  /  ina kaviyoM kA kAla 8 vIM zadI se 14 vIM zavI taka prAtA hai  /  DaoN hajArI prasAda dvivedI ne bhI hindI sAhitya ke mAdikAla' meM jaina, siddha evaM nAya sAhitya ko sthAna denA ucita nahIM smjhaa| phira bhI unhoMne hindI ko apabhraMza sAhitya se abhinna mAnA hai  /  hindI sAhitya ke vaijJAnika itihAsa meM isa saMdarbha meM kucha prayAsa avazya huA hai para usame bhI kucha uttama koTi kI racanAe raha gaI haiM  /  agara canda nAhaTA ne "prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paraMparA meM prAdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya kI paravartI racanAoM ko samAhita kA karane prayatna kiyA hai  /  idhara isa kAla kI vividha vidhAoM para svatantra rUpa se bhI kAphI kAma huA hai| govinda rajanIza, narendra bhAnAvata, mahendra sAgara pracaNDiyA, puruSottama menAriyA, zambhUnAtha pANDeya, bholAzaMkara vyAsa, vAsudeva siMha, puruSottama prasAda prAsoyA, rAmagopAla zarmA 'dineza' paramAnanda zAstrI, gaNapaticandra gupta, DaoN. harIza prAdi vidvAnoM ke kArya isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya haiM  /  gaNapati candra gupta ne "mAdikAla kI prAmANika racanAeM" pustaka meM isa kAla ke hindI jaina sAhitya ko acche DhaMga se samAyojita kiyA hai| __yahAM hama ina sabhI vidvAnoM dvArA ullikhita racanAmoM ke AdhAra para hindI kI prAdikAlIna jaina kRtiyoM para saMkSipta prakAza DAla rahe haiM  /  isa saMdarbha meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki svayaMbhU, puSpadanta prAdi apabhraMza kaviyoM ke graMthoM ko bhI hamane isa kAla meM sameTA hai  /  yaha isalie ki isa kAla meM lokabhASA ke pracalita tatva ina granthoM meM yatra-tatra ubhara pAye haiN| isI kAla ke dvitIya bhAga meM ye tasva mAdhunika hindI ke kAphI najadIka Ate dikhAI dete haiM  /  kucha vidvAnoM ne ise avahaTTa kA rUpa kahA hai aura kucha ne dezI bhASA kaa| hama ise prAdikAlIna hI kahanA upayukta samajhate haiN| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se yadyapi apabhraMza aura hindI ko pRthaka-pRthak mAnA jAtA hai aura mAnA jAnA cAhiye  /  para ki hindI kI saMracanA meM apanaza kAla meM pracalita dezI bhASA ke tatvoM ne vizeSa yogadAna diyA hai vo 1. hindI sAhitya, pR. 15,

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________________ 30 saMdarbha meM sAhitya meM parilakSita hotA hai| isIlie hamane vikAsa ko donA ko svayaMbhU se prArambha karane kA sujhAva diyA hai| vaise hindI kA yaha mAvikA sahI rUpa meM muni zAlibhadra sUri se prArambha hotA hai jinhoMne bharatezvara bAhubalI rAsa (vi. saM. 1241 san 1184) likhA hai  /  yaha racanA isa hima se prathama mAnI jA sakatI hai| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne vAsena aura viracita bharatezvara bAhubalI dhora ko prathama racanA mAnane kA prAgraha kiyA hai para vaha manta saMkSapti hone ke kAraNa prAtinidhika racanA nahIM kahIM jA sktii| DaoN. vineza ne sarahapA ko hindI kA prathamatama kavi prasthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai para apane pakSa meM prastuta tarka to phira svayaMbhU ko prathamatama kavi mAnane ko bAdhya kara dete haiN| yahAM hamane ina donoM matoM ko samAhitakara hindI ke prAdikAla ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai prathama apabhraMza bahula hindI kAla aura dUsarA prArambhika hindI kAla prathama kAla mAga kA prArambha svayaMbhU se hotA hai aura dUsare ko zAli bhadra sUri se prArambha kiyA hai  /  svayaMbhU mApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya the  /  ve kosala ke mUla nivAsI the para unakA kArya kSetra mAnyakheTa adhika rahA jahAM ve rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruva (vi. saM. 837-851) ke maMtrI rayaDA dhanaMjaya ke prAgraha para phuNce| svayaMbhU ke do grantha upalabdha hote haiM- paumacariu aura riTThamicariu (harivaMza purANa)  /  ina donoM ke antima bhAgoM ko ye pUrA nahIM kara ske| unheM pUrA kiyA unake kaniSTha putra tribhuvana svayaMbhU ne  /  brAhmaNa paramparA meM pale-puse kavi ne jaina paramparA ko svIkArA aura usI ke anurUpa grantha racanA kI  /  alaukikatA se dUra unake grantha rAma, kRSNa, pariSTanemi jaise mahApuruSoM kI mAnavIya durbalatAoM ko abhivyakta karane meM saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM karate  /  saMskRta kAvya paramparA se jur3e huye ina alaMkRta kAvyoM meM sabhI rasoM kA samAna pravAha huA hai  /  ina kAvyoM kI bhASA meM lIka bhASA kA bhI prayoga kAphI huA hai| seharu, ghavaghavaMti, gholai, bhiDiya, khalada, balada, guMjA, Adi jaise zabda prArambhika hindI kI ora yAtrA karate hue pratIta hote haiN| udAharaNataH --- to bhiDiya paropparu raNakusala  /  viSiNa vi sava- gAya sahAsa bana  /  vivi giri turaMga siMga- sihara  /  viSNi vi jala-harakha yahira-jira  //  (harivaMzapurA) svayaMbhU ke bAda puSpavaMta prapabhraMza bhASA ke dvitIya kavi huye  /  ve sUtaH bana yA (dillI) ke mAsa pAsa ke nivAsI kAzyayotrI dAdA mora upAsaka the  /  para bAda meM jevI ho gye| inheM bhI DATa rAjA kRSNa tRtIya (saM. 996-1025) ke maMtrI bharata aura usake putra vaza kA dyAya milA thA  /  prakRti se svAbhimAnI hone ke kAraNa ve prApatiyoM ke zikAra rhe|

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________________ 411 - saMskRta kAvya paramparA se prabhASita hone ke kAraNa . bhavAloM meM inda saMskRta kI, bhavabhUti kahA hai  /  kavi kI viziSTa racanAeM tAna hai| (1) tisAda mahmaparisa guNAlekAra (mahApurANa), (2) raNAyakumAra carita, aura (3) asahara carita  /  mahApurANa meM 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM kA caritra citraNa hai| svayaMbhU nai vimalara kI paramparA kA poSaNa kiyA to puSpadaMta ne guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI paramparA kI anusaraNa kiyaa| varNana ke saMdarbha meM una para trivikrama bhadra kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai  /  NAyakumAra carita meM zrutapaMcamI ke mAhAtmya ko spaSTa karate ho magadha rAjakumAra nAgakumAra kI kathA nibaddha hai| tRtIya paMtha jasahara carita prasiddha yazodhara kathA kA pAlpAna karatA hai  /  vANika aura mAtrika donoM taraha ke cha ko prayoga hunmA hai  /  bhASA ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se adholikhita kaDavaka dekhie| jalu galai, jhala jhalai  /  dari bharai, sAra srh| taDayaDaI, taDi paDai, giri phuDai, sihi gaii  //  maru balai, taru dhulai  /  jalu thaluvi goulu vi| giru rasiu, bhaya tasiu  /  thara harai, kira bharai  /  /  (mahApurANa) isake bAda muni kanakAmara (112 : saM.) kA karakaMDu cari ja, yadi (saM. 1150) kA sudaMsaNa cariu, dhakkar3avaMzIya dhanapAla kI bhaksiyatta kahA, pAhila kA paumasiri cariu, haribhadra sUri kA miNAha cariu, yazaH kIti kA candappAha carita mAdi jaise kathA aura carita kAvyoM meM hindI ke vikAsa kA itihAsa vipA huA hai| ina kathA carita kAvyoM meM jainAcAryoM ne vyakti ke sahaja vikAsa ko prastuta kiyA hai aura kAlpanikatA se dUra haTakara pragativAdI tathA mAnavatAvAdI dRSTikoe apanAyA hai| pradhyAtmavAdI kaviyoM meM dasavIM zatAbdI ke devasena aura joindu tathA rAmasiddha kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| devamena kA sAvaya dhamma dohA zrAvoM ke liye nItiparaka upadeza prastuta karatA hai  /  joindu ke paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra meM sarala bhASA meM saMsArI mAtmA ko paramAtmapada prApti kA mArga batAyA syA hai| rAmasiMha ne pAhur3a dohA meM samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ke vyAvahArika svarUpa ko pratipAdita kiyA hai  /  ina tInoM prAcAryoM ke granthoM kI bhASA hindI ke mAdikAla kI pora jhukatI huI dikhAyI detI hai| hemacanda (1088-11728) sakAte-pAte yaha pravRtti paura adhika parilakSita hone lagatI hai--- ... bhallA humA jo mArimA, bahiNi mhArA kaMtu  /  ____ lajjejjantu vayaMsiyata, jai bhagma para eMtu  //  hindI ke mAdikAla ko adhikAMza rUma meM jaina kaviyoM ne samudra kiyA hai| inameM mujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI katriyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| pArivAla ke ema

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________________ hindI kavi ke rUma meM bharatezvara bAhubalI ke racayitA (saM. 1241) zAlibhadra sUri ko svIkAra kiyA jAne lagA hai| yaha racanA pazcimI rAjasthAnI kI hai jisameM prAcIna hindI kA rUpa udghATita huA hai| isameM 203 chanda hai| kathA kA vibhAjana vastu, ThavaNi, paula, cUTaka meM kiyA gayA hai  /  nATakIya saMvAda sarasa, sarala pora prabhAvaka haiM  /  bhASA kI saralatA udAharaNIya hai candra dhUDa vijjAhara rAu, tiriNa vAtaI mani vihIya visAu  /  hA kula maNDaNa hA kRlavIra, hA samaraMgaNi sAhasa dhIra  //  ThavaNi 13  //  jinadatta sUri ke carcarI upadeza, rasAvanarAsa aura kAla svarUpa kulakama apabhraMza kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM  /  kavi prAsiga kA jIvadayA rAsa (vi. saM. 1257, san 1200) yadyapi prAkAra meM choTA hai para prakAra kI dRSTi se upekSaNIya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isameM saMsAra kA sundara citraNa humA hai| inhIM kavi kA candanavAlA rAsa hai jisameM usane nArI kI saMvedanA ko bar3e hI sarasa DhaMga se ukerA hai, abhivyakta kiyA hai  /  bhASA kI dRSTi se dekhiye mubhara bholI tA sukumAlA, nAu dInhu tasu caMdaraNa bAlA  //  21  //  Agho khaMDA tapa kiyA, kiva prAbhai baha sukAva nihANu  /  /  26  /  /  vijayasena sari kA revaMtagiri rAsa (vi. saM. 1287, san 1230) aitihAsika rAsa hai jisameM revaMtagiri jaina tIrtha yAtrA kA varNana hai| yaha cAra kaDavoM meM vibhakta hai  /  isameM vastupAla, tejapAla ke saMgha dvArA tIrthakara neminAtha kI mUrti-pratiSThA kA gItiparaka varNana hai  /  bhASA prAjala aura zailI aAkarSaka hai  /  isI taraha sumatigaNi kA neminAtha rAsa (saM 1295), devendra sUri kA gayasukumAla rAsa (saM. 1300), palharaNa kA mAburAsa (13 vIM zatI), prajJAtilaka kA kallI rAsa (saM. 1363), ambadeva kA samarA rAsu (saM. 1373) zAlibhadra sUri kA paMcapAMDava carita rAsa (sa. 1410), vinayaprabha kA gautama svAmI rAsa (saM. 1412), deva. prabha kA kumArapAla rAsa (saM. 1450), mAdi kRtiyAM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| isa kAla kI kucha phAgu kRtiyAM bhI isameM sammilita kI jA sakatI haiN| ina phAgu kRtiyoM meM jinapadma kI siri thUlibhadda phAgu (saM. 1390), rAjazekhara sUri kA neminAtha phAgu (saM. 1405), katipaya ajJAta kaviyoM kI jina candra sUri phAgu (saM. 1341), va vasanta vilAsa phAgu saM. 1400) kA bhI ullekha karanA prAvazyaka hai| bhASA kI dRSTi yahAM dekhie kitanA sAmIpya hai soma maruva dhUva pariNAviya, jAyavi tahi janna taha mAviya  /  naccai harisiya vajahiM tUrA, devai tAmba maporaha pUrA  //  gaya sukumAla rAsa | 22  /  meru ThAmaha na calai jAva, jAM caMda divApara  /  seSunAgu jAM gharaha bhUmi jo sAsaI sAyara  // 

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________________ dhammaha visau jo jagaha mahI, paura nizcala hoe| kUmarau rAyahaM tarau rAsu tA naMdau loe  //  -kumArapAla rAsa prAdikAla kI isa bhASika paura sAhityika pravRtti ne madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ko behada prabhAvita kiyA  /  viSaya, bhASA zailI aura paramparA kA anusaraNa kara unhoMne mAdhyAsmika aura bhakti mUlaka racanAeM likhiiN| ina racanAmoM meM unhoMne mAdikAlIna kAvya zailiyoM aura kAvya rUDiyoM kA bhI bharasaka upayoga kiyaa| hindI ke prANyAnaka kAvya apabhraMza sAhitya meM prathita loka kathAnoM para khar3e hue haiN| devasena, joindu aura rAmasiMha jaise rahasyavAdI jaina kaviyoM ke prabhAva ko hindI saMta sAhitya para AsAnI se dekhA jA sakatA hai  /  bhASA, chanda, vidhAna aura kAvya rUpoM kI dRSTi se bhI apabhraza kAvyamata vastu varNana aura prakRti citraNa uttarakAlIna hindI kaviyoM ke lie upajIvaka siddha huye haiM  /  jAyasI pora tulasI para unakA amiTa prabhAva dRSTavya hai  /  chandavidhAna, kAvya aura kathAnaka rUr3hiyoM ke kSetra meM yaha prabhAva adhika dekhA jAtA hai  /  prabhAva hI kyA prAyaH samUcA hindI jaina sAhitya apabhraMza sAhitya kI rUr3hiyoM para likhA gayA hai| isa prakAra apabhraMza aura avahaTTa se saMkramita hokara mAdikAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya prAcIna dAya ke sAtha satata bar3hatA rahA aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya ko vaha paramparA sauMpa dI  /  madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI lagabhaga sabhI vizeSatAmoM kA prAcamana kiyA aura unheM suniyojita DhaMga se saMvArA, bar3hAyA aura samRddha kiyA  /  isa pravRtti meM jaina kaviyoM ne mAdAna-pradAna karate hue katipaya naye mAnoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai jo kAlAntara meM vidhA ke rUpa meM svIkRta hue haiN| yahI unakA yogadAna hai| - -

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________________ tRtIya parivarta madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya pravRttiyAM fare pRSThoM meM hamane hindI ke madhyayuga kA kAla kSetra ghora sAMskRtika tathA bhASika pRSThabhUmi kA saMkSipta avalokana kiyA  /  isa sandarbha meM vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki itihAsakAroM ne hindI sAhitya ke madhyakAla ko pUrva madhyakAla (bhaktikAla ) aura uttara madhyakAla (rItikAla ) ke rUpa meM vargIkRta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| cUMki bhaktikAla meM nirguNa aura saguNa vicAradhArAyeM samAnAntara rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiM tathA rItikAla meM bhakti sambandhI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM, ataH isa madhyakAla kA dhArAgata vibhAjana na karake kAvya pravRtyAtmaka vargIkaraNa karanA adhika sArthaka lagatA hai| jaina sAhitya kA uparyukta vibhAjana aura bhI sambhava nahIM kyoMki vahAM bhakti se sambaddha aneka dhArAyeM madhyakAla ke prArambha se lekara anta taka nirvAdha rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| itanA hI nahIM, bhakti kA kAvya-srota jaina prAcAryoM aura kaviyoM kI lekhanI se hindI ke zrAdikAla meM bhI pravAhita huA hai| ataH hindI ke madhyayugIna jaina kAvyoM kA vargIkaraNa kalAtmaka na hokara pravRtyAtmaka kiyA jAnA adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai  /  jaina kaviyoM aura prAcAryoM ne madhyakAla kI sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi meM peThakara aneka sAhityika vidhAoM ko prasphuTita kiyA hai  /  unakI isa prabhivyakti ko hama nimnAMkita kAvya rUpoM meM vargIkRta kara sakate haiM  /  1. prabandha kAvya --- mahAkAvya, khaNDakAvya, purANa, kathA carita, rAsA, saMdhi Adi  /  2. rUpaka kAvya --- holI, vivAhalo, cetanakarmacarita prAdi  /  3. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya-stavana, pUjA, caupaI, jayamAla, cAMcara, phAgu, cunar3I, veli, saMkhyAtmaka, bArahamAsA bhAdi  / 

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________________ 4. gItikAvya, aura 5. prItimA ko prAtyArita gurvAvalI  /  zrI arred nAhaTA ne bhASA kAvyoM kA paricaya prastuta karane ke prasaMga meM unakI vividha saMjJAoM kI eka sUcI prastuta kI hai' - 1. rAsa, 2. saMdhi, 3. caupAI 4. phAgu, 5. dhamAla, 6, vivAhaloM, 7. 8. maMgala, 9. vaili, 10. saloka, 11. saMvAda, 12. vAda, 13. jhagar3I, 14 mAtRkA, 15. vAvanI, 16. kukka, 17. bArahamAsA, 18. caumAsA, 19. pavAr3A, 20. cacerI (cAcAra), 21. janmAbhiSeka, 22. kalaza, 23. tIrthamAlA. 24. caityaparipArTI. 25. saMghavana, 26. DhAla, 27. DhAliyA, 28. cauDhAliyA, 29. chaDhAliyA 30. prabandha, 31. carita, 32. sambandha, 33. AkhyAna. 34. kathA, 35. sataka, 36. bahottarI, 37. chattIsI, 38. sasarI, 39. balAsI, 40. ikkIso, 41 ikatIso, 42. caubIsI, 43. bImI, 44: bhraSTaka, 45. stuti, 46. stavana, 47. stotra. 48. gIte, 49. samabhAva, 50: caityavaMdana, 51. devabaMdana, 52 vInatI, 53 namaskAra, 51. prabhAtI, 55. maMgala, 56. sAMjha, 57. baghAvA, 58. mahUlI, 59 hIyAlI, 60. gUDhA, 61. gajala, 62. lAvaNI, 63. chaMda, 64. nIsAthI, 65. navarasI, 66. pravaharaNa, 67. pAraNa, 68. bANa, 69. paTTAvalI, 70. guNavalI, 71. hamacar3I, 72. hrauMca, 73. mAlAmAlikA, 74 nAmamAnA, 75. rAgamAlA, 76. kulaka, 77. pUjA, 78. gItA, 79. paTTAbhiSeka, 80. nirvANa, 81. saMyamatrI vivAha varNana, 82. bhAsa, 83. pada, 84. maMjarI, 85. rasAvalo, 86. rasAyana, 87. rasalaharI, 88. caMdrAvalA, 69. dIpaka, 90. pradIpikA, 91. phulaDA, 92. jor3a, 93. parikrama, 94. kalpalatA 95. lekha, 96. viruddha, 97. mUkar3I, 98. sata, 99. prakAza, 100. horI 101 taka 102 tara niskI, 193. cauka, 104. huMDI, 1905 iNa 106, faxim, 107. m, 108, at 109. gawin, 110, grofert, 111. rasoI, 112. kA 113. bhUkhasata 114. jakar3I, 115. dohA, 116. kuMDaliyara. 115. chappayAdi  /  madhyakAlIna jaina kAvya kI ina pravRttiyoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTikoNa dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sabhI pravRttiyA~ mUlata: zrAdhyAtmika uddezya ko lekara prastuta huI hai| jahA~ mAdhyAtmika uddezya prabhAva ho jAtA hai, vahAM svabhAvataH kavi kI lekhanI AlaMkArika na hokara svAbhAvika aura sAtvika hI jAtI hai| kAmUka rahasyAtmaka mora bhakti karatA rahA hai| 1, dina kI sva-paramparA-dharacaMda nAha, bhAratIya maMdira zodha pratiSThAna bIkAnera, 1962 1

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________________ 36 1. prabandha kAvya : prabandha kAvya ke antargata mahAkAvya zrIra khaNDakAvya donoM bhAte haiN| yahAM unake svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karanA hamArA prabhISTa nahIM hai para itanA kathana pravazyaka hai ki unake prakhyAnoM kA vastu-tatva paurANika, nijandharI, samasAmayika tathA kalpita hotA hai  /  unameM lokatatva kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai  /  lokatatva gAthAtmaka aura kathAtmaka rahatA hai| unake pIche dhArmika anuzrutiyAM, itihAsa aura mAnyatAyeM chipI rahatI haiN| sRSTi, laya, vaMzaparamparA, manvantara aura viziSTa vaMzoM meM hone vAle mahApuruSoM kA carita ye pAMca viSaya paurANika sImA meM prAte haiN| -- sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca  /  vaMzAnucaritaM caiva purANaM paMca lakSaNam  //  kaviyoM ne jaina dharma aura jaina sAhitya meM prabandhakAvya kI paramparA AdikAla se hI pravAhita hotI rahI hai  /  jaina prAcAryoM ne 63 zalAkA mahApuruSoM ke citrAMkana ko apanA vizeSa lakSya banAyA hai  /  unakI jIvana gAthAdhoM ke mAdhyama se darzana sambandhI vicAra abhivyakta kiye haiN| isake bAvajUda kramabaddhatA, gatizIlatA aura bhAvavyaMjanA meM kisI prakAra kI ne bhASA ke kSetra meM rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura brajabhASA ke mizrita rUpa kA prayoga kiyA hai  /  bhAva, bhASA aura zailI kI dRSTi se ye kAvya jAyasI aura tulasI ke kAvyoM se hIna nahIM haiM balki kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagatA hai ki jAyasI aura tulasI ne prAcIna jaina prabandha kAvyoM se prabhUta sAmagrI grahaNakara apanI pratibhA se apane samUce sAhitya ko unmeSita kiyA hai  /  prabandha kAvya meM apekSita kamI nahIM zrAI | kaviyoM purANa, kathA aura carita kAvya bhI prabandha ke antargata prAte hai  /  prAcAryoM ne inheM bhI jaina tatvoM ko prastuta karane kA mAdhyama banAyA hai  /  phira bhI yathAvazyaka rasoM ke saMyojana meM koI vyavadhAna nahIM thA paayaa| kaviyoM ne yathAsamaya zRMgAra aura vIrarasa kA bharapUra varNana kiyA hai| para usameM bhI zAntarasa kA bhAva sUkha nahIM pAyA balki kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagatA hai ki zRMgAra bhUmi meM AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke kAraNa saMsAra kA citraNa se prastuta huA hai  /  inameM saguNa aura nirguNa donoM prakAra kI kathAoM bhIra caritroM kA pralekhana milatA hai  /  isa Alekhana meM kaviyoM ne loka tatvoM kI kAvyAtmaka rUr3hiyoM kA bhI bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai  /  aura vIrarasa kI pRSTha kahIM adhika sakSama rUpa jahAM taka rAso kAvya paramparA kA sambandha hai usake mUla pravartaka jaina prAcArya hI rahe haiM  /  jaina rAso kAvya gIta nRtya paraka adhika dikhAI dete haiN| inheM hama khaNDakAvya ke antargata le sakate haiN| kaviyoM ne inameM tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM aura prAcAyoM ke carita kA saMkSipta citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| vahI vahI ye rAso upadeza paraka bhI huye haiM  / 

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________________ inameM sAdhAraNata: paurANikatA kA aMza adhika hai, kAvya kA kama  /  saMyoga-viyoga kA kA citraNa bhI kiyA gayA hai para vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha vairAgyamUlaka aura zAntarasa se mApUrita hai| prAdhyAtmikatA kI anubhUti vahAM TapakatI huI dikhAI detI hai| rAjula aura neminAtha kA sandarbha jaina kaviyoM ke lie adhika anukUla-sA dikhAI diyA hai| __isa bhUmikA ke sAtha jaina prabandha kAvyoM ko hama samAsataH isa prakAra mAlekhita kara sakate haiM- 1. purANa kAvya (mahAkAvya aura khaNDa kAthya), 2. carita kAvya, 3. kathA kAvya, aura 4. rAso kAvya  /  2. paurANika kAvya : paurANika kAvya meM mahAkAvya aura khaNDa kAvya sammilita hote haiN| hindI jona kaviyoM ne donoM kAvya vidhAnoM meM tadanukUla lakSaraNo evaM vizeSatAmoM se samanvita sAhitya kI sarjanA kI hai| unake graMtha sarga athavA adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM, nAyaka koI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI athavA mahApuruSa hai, zAMtarasa kI pramukhatA hai tathA zrRMgAra aura vIra rasa usake sahAyaka bane hai  /  kathA vastu aitihAsika athavA paurANika hai, catupuruSArthoM kA yathAsthAna varNana hai, soM kI saMkhyA ATha se adhika hai sarga ke aMta meM chanda kA parivartana tathA yathAsthAna prAkRtika dRzyoM kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| mahAkAvya ke ina lakSaNo ke sAtha hI khaNDa kAvya ke lakSaNa bhI isa kAla ke sAhitya meM pUrI taraha se milate haiM  /  vahA~ kavi kA lakSya jIvana ke kisI eka pahalu ko prakA. zita karanA rahA hai| ghaTanAoM, paristhitiyoM tathA dRzyoM kA saMyojana atyanta marmasparzI huA hai  /  aise hI kucha mahAkAvyoM aura khaNDakAvyoM kA yahA~ hama ullekha kara rahe haiM  /  udAharaNArtha brahmajinadAsa ke mAdipurANa aura harivaMzapurANa (vi. saM. 1520), vAdicandra kA pANDavapurANa (vi. saM. 1654), zAlivAhana kA harivaMzapurANa (vi. saM. 1695) bulAkIdAsa kA pANDavapurANa (vi. saM. 1754, padya 5500), khuzAlacandrakAlA ke harivaMzapurANa, uttarapurANa aura padmapurANa (saM. 1783), madharadAsa kA pArzvapurANa (saM. 1789), navalarAma kA vardhamAna purANa (saM. 1825), dhanasAgara kA pArzvanAthapurANa (saM. 1621), brahmajita kA munisuvratanAtha purANa (saM. 1645), vaijanAtha mAthura kA varSamAnapurANa (saM. 1900), sevArAma kA zAntinAtha purANa (saM. 1824). jinendrabhUSaNa kA nemipurANa  /  ye purANa bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se uttama haiN| isa dRSTi se-kavivara bhUSaravAsa kA pArzva purANa dRSTavya hai kilakilaMta vaitAla, kAla kajjala chavi sajahiM  /  mauM karAla vikarAla, mAla madagaja jimi gajahi  //  muMDamAla gala dharahiM lAya loyanani urahiMjana  /  mukha phuliMga phukarahiM karahiM nirdaya puni hana hana  /  / 

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________________ ihi vidhi aneka duSa dhari, kamaTha jIva upasarga kiya  /  tihuM loka vaMda jinacandra prati dhUli DAla nija sausa liy| hindI gaina sAhitya meM paurANika prabandha kAvya kI dhArA magAma pATanI zatI se prArambha huI aura madhyakAla pAte-mAte usameM aura maSika vRddhi huI  /  kaliyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM, bArAyaNoM Adi mahApuruSo ke paritoM ko jIvana-nimANa ke lie pathika upayogI pAyA aura phalataH unhoMne apanI pratimA ko yahAM prasphuTita kiyaa| yadyapi unameM jana dharma ke siddhAntoM ko spaSTa karane kA vizeSa prayatna kiyA payA hai para usase kathA pravAha meM kahIM bAdhA nahIM dikhAI detI  /  bhAvavyaMjanA saMpAda, paramApani, paristhiti saMyojana Adi sabhI tatva yahAM sundara haMma se prastuta kiye gaye haiN| jinheM prAja khaNDakAvya kahA jAtA hai unheM madhyakAla meM saMdhi kAvya kI saMjJA dI gii| saMdhi vastutaH sana ke artha meM prayukta hotA pA para uttarakAla maiM eka sarga vAle khaNDa kAthyoM ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga hone lamA pramukha jaina saMdhi kAvyoM meM ullekhanIya kAvya hai-jina prabhasUri kA amasthi saMdhi (saM. 1297) aura mamaNarehA saMSi, jayadeva kA bhAvanA saMdhi vinaya canda kA Ananda sadhi (14 vIM zatI), kalyANa tilaka kA bhRvAputra saMdhi (saM. 1550), cArucandra kA nandana maNihAra saMSi, (saM. 1587), saMyamamUrti ko udAha rAjarSi saMdhi (saM 1590), dharmameru kA sukha-duHkha vipAka saMdhi (saM. 1604), guNaprabhasUri kA citrasabhUti saMdhi (saM. 1608), kuzala lAbha kA jinarakSita saMdhi (saM. 1621), kanakasoma kA harikezI saMdhi (saM. 1640), guNarAja kA sammati saMdhi (saM. 1630), cAritra siMha kA prakIrNaka saMdhi (saM. 1631), vimala vinaya kA anAthI saMdhi (saM. 1647), vinaya samudra kA nami sadhi(saM.17 vIM zatI), guNaprabha sUri kA citra saMbhUti saMdhi (saM. 1759) prAdi  /  aise pacAsoM saMdhi kAvya bhaNDAroM meM bikhare par3e 2. carita kAzya: hindI gaina kaviyo ne jaina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane ke lie mahApuruSoM ke carita kA zAkhyAna kiyA hai  /  kahIM-kahIM vyakti ke kisI guNa-avaguNa ko lekara bhI carita granthoM kI racanA kI gaI hai jaise ThakurasI kA kRSNa caritra  /  ina carita granthoM meM kaviyoM ne mAnava kI sahaja prakRti aura rAgAdi vikAroM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai  /  madhyakAlIna katipaya carita kAvya isa prakAra hai saghAru kA pradyumnacarita (saM. 1411), IzvarasUri kA lalitAMga basti (saM. 1561), ThakurasI kA kRSNa carita (saM. 1580), jayanIti kA bhavadevacarita (saM. 1661), gauravAsa kA yazodhara carita (saM. 1581), mAladeva kA bhojaprabandha 1. pAyapurANa, 8. 23. pR. 65.

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________________ rr (saM. 1612, padma 2000), pANDe vinavAsa kA jambUsvAmI carita (saM. 1642 ), narendrakIrti kA sagara prabandha (saM. 1646), vAdicandra kA zrIpAla pAkhyAna (saM. 1651 ), parimala kA zrIpAla caritra (saM. 1651 ), pAye kA bharatabhujabala caritra (saM. 1616), jJAnakIrti kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1658), pArzvacandra sUri kA rAjacandra pravaharaNa (saM. 1661), kumudacandra kA bharata bAhubalI canda (saM. 1670 ), nandalAla kA sudarzana carita (saM. 1663) banavArI lAla kA bhaviSyadatta caritra ( saM. 1666 ), bhagavatIdAsa kA laghusItA satu (saM. 1684), kalyANa kIrtimuni kA cArudatta prabandha (saM. 1612), lAlacandra kA padminI caritra (saM. 1707), rAmacandra kA sItA caritra (saM. 1713), joSasaja godIkA kA prItaMkara caritra (saM. 1721), jinaharSa kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1724), vizvabhUSaNa kA pArzvanAtha caritra (saM. 1738), kizanasiMha ke bhadrabAhu caritra (saM. 1783), aura yazodhara carita (saM. 1781), lohaTa kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1721), prajayarAja kA yazodhara caritra (saM. 1721), prajayarAja pATaNI kA neminAtha caritra (saM. 1793 ), daulata rAma kAsalIvAla kA jIvandhara caritra (saM. 1805), bhAramala kA cArudatta caritra (saM. 1813), zubhacandradeva kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1824 ), nAthamala millA kA nAgakumAra caritra (saM. 1810 ), cetana vijaya ke sItA caritra zrI jambUcaritra (saM. 1853), pANDe lAlacanda kA varAMgacaritra (saM. 1827 ), hIrAlAla kA candraprabha carita, Tekacanda kA zreNika caritra (saM. 1883), aura brahma jayasAgara kA sItAharaNa (saM. 1835 )  /  ina carita kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM prathavA mahApuruSoM ke carita kA citraNa kara mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA bar3I sugamatA pUrvaka citraNa kiyA gayA hai  /  yadyapi yahAM kAvya kI apekSA cAritrAMkana adhika huA hai parantu caritra prastuta karane kA DhaMga aura usakA pravAha prabhAvaka hai  /  mAnanda dhaura viSAda, rAga aura dveSa tathA dharma aura adharma Adi bhAvoM kI abhivyakti bar3I sarasa huI hai  /  kavi bhagavatIdAsa kA laghu sItA satu ullekhanIya hai jahAM unhoMne mAnasika ghAta-pratighAtoM kA prAkarSaka varNana kiyA hai taba bolas mandodarI rAnI, sakhi aSAr3ha banaghaTa ceharAnI  /  pIya gaye te phira ghara mAvA, pAmara nara nita maMdira bAbA || lavahi papIhe dAdura morA, hiyarA umaga dharata nahIM dhIroM  /  /  bAdara umahi rahe caumAsA, titha piya vinu lihi uruna usAsA  /  nanhIM bUnda karata bhara lAvA | pAvasa nabha prANamu darasAmA || dAmini damakata nizi aMdhiyArI  /  virahini kAma vAma umArI  /  araft bhogu sunahi sikha morI  /  jAnati kAhe bhaI mati corI  //  madana rasAyana hara jaga sArU  /  saMjamu naimu kathana nivahAka | taba laMga haMsa zerIra mehi, taba rAja taha trimA zrama i laga koI bhoge  /  'lau  // 

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________________ isI prakAra kRpaNa caritra meM kavi ThakurasI ne kamjasa ghanI kA jo mAkhoM dekhA hAla citrita kiyA hai vaha duSTavya hai- kRpaNu eka parasiddha naryAri nivasatu nilakvaNu  /  kahI karama saMyoga tAsu ghaTi, nATi vicakkhaNu  //  dekhi duhU kI jor3a, sathalu jagi rahiu tamAsaM  /  yAhi puriSa ke yAhi, daI kima de ima bhAsaM  //  vaha rahyau rIti cAhe bhalI, dAraNa pujja guNasIla sati  /  yaha de na khANa kharacaraNa kivaM, duvai karahi diriNa kalaha prati  /  /  afa hIrAlAla dvArA racita candraprabhacarita kAvya camatkAra kI dRSTi se prati manohara hai  /  isa sandarbha meM nimna patha darzanIya hai kavala binA jala, jala bina saravara, saravara bina pura, pura bina rAya | rAya saciva bina, saciva binA budha, budha viveka bina bina zobha na pAya  //  isI prakAra navalazAha viracita varddhamAna caritra meM aMkita mahArAnI priya kAriNI ke rUpa saundarya kA citraNa (nakha zikha varana ) janetara kaviyoM se hIna nahIM hai  /  nakhanta bhayau bhaya bhayau dazahU diza ambuja sauM juga pAya bene, nakha dekha nUpusa kI jhanakAra sunai, dRga zIrara kaMdala thaMbha banaM juga jaMga, sucAla caleM gaja kI piya kSIna bano kaTi kehari sau, tana dAminI hoya rahI laja nAbhi nibauriyasI nikasI, par3hahAvata peTa saMkucana dhArI  /  kAma kapiccha kiyau paTa rantara, zIla sudhIra gharaM pravikArI  //  bhUSaNa bAraha bhautina ke anta, kaNTha me jyorita lasa adhikArI  /  dekhata sUraja candra chipe, mukha dADima daMda mahAdyavikArI || sArI  //  bhArI  /  bhArI  /  pyArI  /  isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina carita kAvya bhAva, bhASA aura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se ucca koTi ke hai  /  vastu aura uddezya baDrI sUkSmatA se samAhita hai  /  pAtroM ke vyaktitva ko ubhArane me jaina siddhAnto kA avalambana jisa DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai vaha prazaMsanIya hai  /  sAMsArika viSamatAoM kA spaSTIkaraNa aura lokaraMjanakArI tatvoM kI abhivyaMjanA jaina sAdhaka kaviyoM kI lekhanI kI vizeSatA hai| prAcIna kAvyoM meM caritArthaka pavIr3o kAvya bhI upalabdha hote haiM  /  isI sandarbha meM bhagavatIdAsa ke vRhada sItA satu zraura laghu sItA satu jaise sata sajJaka kAvya bhI ullekhanIya haiM  /  3. kathA kAvya : madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kathA kAvya vizeSa rUpa se vrata, bhakti aura stavana ke mahatva kI abhivyakti ke rUpa meM prastuta kiye gaye haiN| vahAM ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se viSaya kaSAyoM kI nivRtti, bhautika sukhoM kI apekSA tathA zAzvata sukha kI prApti

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________________ hi mArga darzAyA gayA hai  /  unameM citrita pAtroM ke bhAva caritra, prakRti aura vRti ko spaSTa karane meM ye kathA kAvya adhika sakSama dikhAI dete haiN| aise hI kathA kAvyoM meM brahmajinadAsa (vi. saM. 1520) kI ravivrata kathA, vidyAdhara kathA samyaktvakathA mAdi, fareera kI nirjarapaMcamI kathA (saM. 1576), ThakurasI kI meghamAlAvrata kathA (saM. 1580), devakalaza kI RSidattA (saM. 1569), rAyamalla kI bhaviSyadattakayA (saM. 1633), vAdicandra kI ambikAkathA (saM. 1651 ), chItara TholiyA kI holikAkathA (saM. 1660), brahmagulAla kI kRparaNa jagAvanadvAra kathA (saM. 1671), bhagavatIdAsa kI sugandhadasamI kathA, pAMDe hemarAja kI rohaNI vrata kathA, mahIcanda kI zAdityavrata kathA, TIkama kI candrasa kathA ( saM 1708), jodharAja godIkA kA kathAkoza (saM. 1722), vinodIlAla kI bhaktAmara stotra kathA (saM. 1747), kizanasiMha kI rAtribhojana kathA (saM. 1773), Tekacandra kA puNyAzravakathAkoza (sa. 1822), jagatarAma kI samyaktva kaumudI ( saM 1721) ullekhanIya haiM  /  ye kathA kAvya kaviyoM kI racanA kauzalya ke udAharaNa kahe jA sakate haiN| 'samyaktva kaumudI' kI kathAo meM nibaddha kAvya vaiziSTya ullekhya hai tabahi pAvar3I dekhi cora bhUpati nija jAnyo  /  dekhi mudrikA cora tabai mantrI pahicAnyau  //  sUta janeU dekhi cora prohita hai bhArI  /  paMcani lakhi viratAnta yahai mana me ju vicArI  //  bhUpati yaha mantrI sahita prohita yuta kADhI dayo  /  iha bhAMti nyAva kari bhaliya vidhi dharma yApi jaga jasalayau  //  isa prakAra kA kAvya vaiziSTya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kathA kAvyoM meM anyatra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| isake sAtha hI yahA~ jaina siddhAntoM kA nirUparata kaviyoM kA vizeSa lakSya rahA hai  /  4. rAsA sAhitya hindI jaina kaviyoM ne rAsA sAhitya ke kSetra meM apanA amUlya yogadAna diyA hai  /  sarvekSaNa karane se spaSTa hai ki rAsA sAhitya ko janma dene vAle jaina kavi hI the  /  janma se lekara vikAsa taka jainAcAryoM ne rAsA sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai  /  yatA kA sambandha rAsa, rAsA, rAsu, rAso mAdi zabdoM se rahA hai jo 'rAsaka' zabda ke hI parivartita aura vikasita rUpa hai  /  'rAsaka' kA sambandha nRtya, chanda bhathavA kAvya vizeSa se hai  /  yaha sAhitya gIta-nRtya paraka aura chanda vaividhya paraka milatA haiM  /  jaina kaviyoM ne gIta-nRtya paraka paramparA ko adhika apanAyA hai  /  inameM kaviyoM ne dharma pracAra ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai| isa sandarbha meM zAlibhadrasUri kA pAMca pANDava rAsa

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________________ (saM.1410), vinayama upAdhyAya kA gautamarAsa (saM. 1412), saumasundarasUri kA bhAsayArAma (saM. 1450), jayasAgara ke bayarasthAmI pururAta aura gautamarAsa, horapandari vastupAla tevapAla rAsAdi (saM. 1486), sakalakIti (saM. 1443) ke sobahakAraNarAsa pAvi uslekhanIya haiM  /  brahmajinadAsa (saM. 1445-1525) kA rAsA sAhitya kadApita sarvAdhika hai| unameM rAmasItArAsa, yazodhararAsa, hanumatasasa (125 pa) nAmakumArasasa, paramahaMsarAsa (1900 padya) ajitanAtha rAsa, holI rAsa (148 paMca) dharmaparIkSArAsa, jyeSThajinavara rAsa (120 padya), zroNikarAsa, rAmakitamithyAsvarasa (10 paba), 'sudarzanarAsa (337 padya), ambikA rAsa (158 padha), nAgadhIrAsa (23apadya), jambUsvAmI rAsa (10005 paDA), bhadrabahurAsa, karmavipAka rAsa, sukausala svAmI rAsa, rohiNIsa, solahakAraNarAsa, dazalakSaNarAsa, anantavatarAsa, kabUla rAsa, dhanyakumArasasa, cArudatta prabandha rAsa, puSpAMjali rAsa, dhanapAlarAsa (vAnakathA sasa), bhaviSyadattarAsa, jIvaMdhararAsa, nemIzvararAsa, karakandurAsa, subhaumacakravartIrAsa aura ammUmanuNa rAsa pramukha hai| inakI bhASA gujarAtI mizrita hai| ina pranyoM kI pratiyAM jayapura, udayapura dillI mAdi ke janazAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha haiM  /  inake atirikta munisundarasUri kA sudarzana zreSThirAsa (saM. 1501), muni pratApacanda kA svapnAvalIrAsa (saM. 1500), somakIrti kA yazodhararAsa (saM. 1526), saMvera sundara upAdhyAya kA sArasikhAmanarAsa (saM. 1548), jJAnabhUSaNa kA posaharAsa (saM. 1558), yaza-kIrti kA neminAtharAsa (sa. 1558), brahmajJAnasAgara kA hanumaMtarAsa (saM. 1630), matizekhara kA dhannArAsa (saM. 1514), vidyAbhUSaNa kA bhaviSyadattarAsa (saM. 1600), udayasena kA jIvaMdhararAsa (saM. 1606), vinayasamudra kA citrasena padmAvatIrAsa (saM. 1605), rAyamalla kA pradyumnarAsa (saM. 1668), pAMDe jinadAsa kA yogIrAsA (saM. 1660), hIrakalaza kA samyaktva kaumudIrAsa (saM. 1626), bhagavatIdAsa (saM. 1662) ke jomIrAsA Adi, sahamakIrti ke zIlarAsAvi (saM. 1686) bhAU kA neminA rAsa (saM. 1759), cetanaSijaya kA pAlarAsa jaina rAsA andhoM meM ullekhanIya hai  /  ina rAsA granthoM meM zrRMgAra, vIra, zAnta aura bhakti rasa kA pravAha dikhAI detA hai| prAyaH sabhI rAsoM kA anta zAntarasa se raMjita hai| phira bhIma paura viraha ke citroM kI kamI nahIM hai  /  isa sandarbha meM 'paJcanA sundarI rAsa' sallekhya hai jisameM rAjanA ke viraha kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM vansata kA vitraNa dekhie, kitanA manohArI hai madhukara karaI guMjArava mAra vikAra vahati  /  koyala karai paTahUkar3A TUkar3A melavA kanta  /  /  malayApala thI lakirA pulakiu pavana pracaNDa  /  madana mahAnaSa pAjhaha virahIni sira daNDa  / 

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________________ barA se yukta paM. bhagavatIdAsa kA jogIrAma kI mAdAya hai jisIka ko apane andara virAjamAna cidAnanda kI zivanAyaka bana kara tArasamudra se pAra hone kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai pakhahU hI tuma pekhahu mAI, jogI jaMgahi sAI  /  ghaTa-ghaTa antari pasaI cidAnanda, alakhu na maMkhie koI  /  /  bhava-vana-bhUla rahyo bhramiroklu, sivapura sudha visarAI  /  parama-pratIndriya ziva-sukha-ji kari, viSayani rahi-subhAi  /  mananta catuSya-mukha-mayA rAjahi. tinhakI hau blihaarii| mAnidhari dhyAnu bayaha zivanAyaka, jiGa' utauha bhavapAsI  //  isI prakAra bhakti rasa se otaprota sahajakIti ke 'sudarzanapreSThibAsakI minA paMktiyAM dRSTavya haiM : kevala kamalAkara sura, komala bacana vilAsa, kaviyaNa kamala divAkara, pagamiya phala vidhi paas| suravara kiMnara bara bhramara, suna caraNakaMja jAsa, sarasa vacana kara sarasabI, namIyai sohAga vAsa  /  jAsu pasAyai kavi lahara, kavijanamaI jasavAsa, haMsagamaNi sA bhAratI, deu mujha vacana vilAsa  /  isa prakAra jaina rAsA sAhitya eka ora jahAM aitihAsika athavA paurANika mahApuruSoM ke caritra kA citraNa karatA hai vahI sAtha hI bhAdhyAtmika athavA dhArmika prAdarzoM ko bhI prastuta karatA hai  /  jainoM kI dhArmika rAsa paramparA hindI ke mAdikAla se hI pravAhita hotI rahI hai| madhyayugIna rAsA sAhitya me mAdikAla rAsA sAhitya kI apekSA bhAva pAra bhASA kA adhika sauSThava dikhAI detA hai| prAdhyAtmika rasAnubhUti kI dRSTi se yaha rAsA sAhitya praSika vivecanIya hai| 2. rUpaka kAya mAdhyAtmika rahasyA ko abhivyakta karane kA sarvottama sAdhana pratIka maura rUpaka hote haiN| aura kaviyoM ne sAMsArika citraza, mAtmA kI buddhAmukha avasthA, sukhaduHkha kI samasyAyeM, rAkSAtmaka vikAramaura lAkhabhaMguratA ke dRzya jita sUkSmAnvekSaNa maura gahana anumati ke sAtha prastuta kiye haiM, yaha abhinandanIya hai| haka kAvyoM kA uddezya vIratA kI sahala pravRtti kA moka mAMgalika citraNa karatA rahA hai| mAtmA kI kAmAvi kSamatA mijAka prAvika bAna se kisa prakAra prasita hokara bhavasAgaramala karatA rahatA hai bhora kisa prakAra usase mukta hotA hai, isa pravRtti maura mitimArga kA vivAha kara jaina kaSiyoM ne mAmA kI zakti ko

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________________ 44 rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se udghATita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa vidhi se jaina tatvoM ke nirUpaNa meM nIrasatA nahIM prA paayii| balki bhAva-vyaMjanA kahIM adhika gaharAI se ubhara sakI hai  /  isa dRSTi se tribhuvanadIpaka prabandha, vidyAvilAsa pavAr3A, nATaka samayasAra, cetana karmacarita, madhu binduka caupaI, upazama paccIsikA, paramahaMsa caupAI, muktiramaNI cunar3I, cetana pudgala dhamAla, mohaviveka yuddha prAdi racanAyeM mahatvapUrNa haiM  /  rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se vivAhalau bhI bar3e sarasa race gaye haiM  /  ina rUpaka kAvyoM meM dArzanika, AdhyAtmika tathA sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai  /  nATaka samayasAra isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai  /  kavi banArasIdAsa ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama se midhyAdRSTi jIva kI sthiti kA kitanA sundara citraNa kiyA hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai- kAyA citrasArI maiM karama parajaka mArI, mAyA kI savArI seja cAdari kalapanA  /  saMna kareM cetana acetanA nIda liye, moha kI marora yahai locana ko DhapanA  //  uda bala jora yahai svAsako sabada ghora, viSaM sukha kAraja kI daura yaha sapanA  /  aisI mUr3ha dasA maiM magana rahe tihu~kAla, dhAvai bhrama jAla meM na pAve rUpa apanA  /  / 14 /  isI prakAra 'madhubinduka caupAI' meM kavi bhagavatIdAsa ne rUpaka ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai -: yaha saMsAra mahAvana jAna  /  tAmahi bhayabhrama kUpa samAna || gaja jima kAla phirata nizadIsa tihu~ pakarana kahu~ visvAvIsa  /  /  vaTa kI jaTA laTaki jo rahI  /  so prAyurdA jinavara kahI || tiha jara kATata mUsA doya  /  dina aru raina lakhahu tuma soya || mAMkhI cUTata tAhi zarIra  /  so bahu rogAdika kI pIra  //  ajagara pasyo kUpa ke biic| so nigoda sabataiM gati bIca || yAkI kachU marajAdA nAhi  /  kAla anAdi rahe chaha mAhi || tAteM bhinna kahI ihi Thaura  /  cahu~ gati mahiteM bhinna na auaura  //  bahudiza cAra mahAbhujaMga  /  so gati cAra kahI savaMga  //  madhu kI bUnda viSai sukha jAna  /  jinheM sukha kAja jyoM nara tyoM viSayAzrita jIva  /  iha viSi vidyAdhara taha~ suguru samAna  /  de upadeza sunAvata jJAna  //  rahyo hitamAna || saMkaTa sahai savIva  // 

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________________  /  isa prakAra rUpaka kAvya prAdhyAtmika cintana ko eka nayI dizA pradAna karate hai  /  sAdhakoM ne prAdhyAtmika sAdhanoM meM prayukta vividha tattvoM ko bhinna-bhinna kArakoM meM khojA hai aura unake mAdhyama se cintana kI gaharAI meM pahuMce haiN| isase sAvanA meM nikhAra pA gayA hai| rUpakoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa bhASA meM sarasatA aura prAlaMkArikatA svabhAvataH abhivyaMjita huI hai  /  3. adhyAtma aura bhaktimUlaka kAvya hindI jaina sAhitya mUlataH adhyAtma aura bhaktiparaka hai| usameM bavA, mAna mora mAcAra, tInoM kA samanvaya hai| mahanta, siddha, prAcArya, upAdhyAya pIra sAdhu ina paMca parameSThiyoM kI bhakti meM sAdhaka kavi samyaka sAdhanA patha para calatA hai aura sAdhya kI prApti kara letA hai| isa samyaka sAdhana aura sAdhya kI anubhUti kaviyoM ke nimnAMkita sAhitya meM vividha prakAra se huI hai| 1. jaina kaviyoM ne jaina siddhAntoM kA vivecana kahIM-kahIM gadya meM na kara padya meM kiyA hai| vahAM prAyaH kAvya gauNa ho gayA hai aura tattva-vivecana mukhya  /  udAharaNataH bha. ratnakIrti ke ziSya sakalakIrti kA pArAdhanA pratibodhasAra, yazodhara kA tatvasAradUhA, vIracanda ko saMbodhasattANu bhAvanA prAdi  /  inheM hama prAdhyAtmika kAvya kaha sakate haiN| 2. stavana jaina kaviyoM kA priya viSaya rahA hai| bhakti ke kSetra meM ve kisI se kama nahI rahe  /  ina kaviyo aura sAdhakoM kI ArAdhya ke prati vyakta niSkAma bhakti hai  /  unhoMne paMcaparameSThiyoM kI bhakti meM stotra, stuti, vinatI, dhUla Adi aneka prakAra kI racanAe~ likhI haiN| paMcakalyANaka stotra, paMcastotra Adi racanAyeM vizeSa prasiddha hai  /  ina racanAmoM meM mAtra stuti hI nahIM pratyuta vahAM jaina siddhAntoM kA mArmika vivecana bhI nibaddha hai| 3. caupAI, jayamAla, pUjA prAdi jaisI racanAmoM meM bhI bhakti ke tattva nihita hai  /  dohA aura caupAI apabhraMza sAhitya kI dena hai| jJAnapaMcamI caupAI, siddhAnta caupAI, DholA mAru caupAI, kumati vidhvaMsa caupAI jaisI caupAiyAM jaina sAhitya meM prasiddha haiN| yahAM eka ora jahAM middhAnta kI prastuti hotI hai dUsarI aura aitihAsika tathyoM kA udghATana bhI  /  mUladeva caupAI isakA udAharaNa hai| 4. pUjA sAhitya jaina kaviyoM kA adhika hai  /  paMcaparameSThiyoM kI pUjA, paMcama dAlakSaNa, solahakAraNa, nirdoSasaptamIvata prAdi vrata sambandhI pUjA, devaguru-zAstrapUjA, jayamAla mAdi aneka prakAra kI bhaktiparaka racanAyeM milatI haiN| bAnarAya kA pUjA sAhitya vizeSa lokapriya humA hai| 5. cAMcara, holI, phAgu, yadyapi lokotsavaparaka kAvya rUpa haiM para unameM jana kaviyoM ne bar3e hI sarasa DhaMga se mAdhyAtmika vivecana kiyA hai| cAMcara yA varI meM

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________________ sItA hAloM meM choTe-choTe unhe lekara TolI nRtya karate haiN| rAsa meM bhI lagabhaga yahI hotA hai  /  hiNDolanA holI mora phAgu meM to kaviyoM ne AdhyAtmikatA kA sundara puTa diyA hai| kahIM-kahIM sundara rUpaka tatva bhI milatA hai  /  6. vefesto rAjasthAna kI paramparA se guMdhA huA hai| vahAM cAraNa kaviyoM ne isakA upayoga kiyA hai  /  bAda meM veli kAvya kA sambandha bhakti kAvya se ho gayA  /  jaina kaviyoM ne ina veli arari meM afte tatva vivecana aura itihAsa prastuta kiyA hai  /  7. saMkhyAtmaka aura varNanAtmaka sAhitya kA bhI sRjana huA hai  /  chanda saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kAvya kA nAmakaraNa kara diyA jAnA usa samaya eka sarvasAdhAraNa prathA thI  /  jaise madanazataka, nAmavAvanI, samakita vattIsI prAdi  /  8. bArahamAsA yadyapi Rtuparaka gIta hai para jaina kavikoM ne ise AdhyAtmikasA banA liyA hai| netAtha ke viyoga me rAjula ke bArahamAsa kaise vyatIta hote isakA kalpanAjanya citraNa bArahamAsoM kA mukhya viSaya rahA hai| para sAtha hI adhyAtmabArahamAsA, sumati kumati bArahamAsA Adi jaisI racanAyeM bhI upalabdha hotI hai  /  1. prAdhyAtmika kAdhya katipaya prAdhyAtmika kAvya yahAM ullekhanIya haiM-ratvakIrti kA prArAdhanA pratisAra ( saM 1450), mahamandi kA pAhur3a dohA (saM. 1600), brahmagulAla kI trepana kiyA ( saM 1665), banArasIdAsa kA nATaka samayasAra (saM. 1693) mora banArasIvilAsa, manoharadAsa kI dharma parIkSA (saM. 1705), bhagavatIdAsa kA brahmavilAsa ( saM 1755 ), vinayavijaya kA vinayavilAsa ( saM 1739) bAnasarAya kI paMcAsika tathA dharmaklAsa (saM. 1780), bhUdhara vilAsa kA bhUSavilAsa, dIpacaMda mAha ke anubhava prakAsa prAdi (saM. 1781), devIdAsa kA paramAnanya bilAsa dhaura padapaMkata (saM. 1812), ToDaramalla kI rahasyapUrNa biTThI (saM. 1811), bhajana kA bujavilAsa, paM. bhAgacanda kI upadeza siddhAnta mAlA (saM. 1905), chatrapati kA manamohana paMcazatI saM. 1905) prAdi  /  saMvAda bhI eka prAcIna vidhA rahI hai jisameM praznottara ke mAdhyama se prAcyAfree free or samAdhAna kiyA jAtA thaa| narapati (16vIM zatI kA daMtaci saMvA, saha sundara (saM. 1572) kA prAMkha-kAna saMvAda, yauvana jarA saMvAda jaisI mAkarSaka aisI sarasa racanAe~ haiM jinameM do indriyoM meM saMvAda hotA hai vina adhyAtma meM hotI hai  /  anya racanAoM meM rAvaNa mandodarI saMvAda (sa) 1562), motI kampAliyA saMvAda, udyama karma saMvAda, samakitazIla saMvAda, sigotama saMvAda- mana

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________________ saMgrAma, sumati kumati kA jhagar3A, sumbadhI saMcAra sayaMma karma saMvAda kRpAnArI saMvAda, pancendriya saMvayA rAyasa morI va jJAna va cAriva saMvAda, prAdi bIsoM racanAe~ haiM jinameM rahasyApakatA ke tasya itane hue haiM ki saMvAda gauraga ho gaye haiM  /  ina yAtmika kAvyoM meM kaviyoM ne jaina siddhAntoM ko sarasa bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| ina siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane meM eka aura jahA~ dArzanika chaTA dikhAI detI hai vahIM kAvyAtmaka bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya bhI milatA hai  /  vilAsa kAvya isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiN| kavi banArasIdAsa ne 'paramArthahiMDolanA' maiM Atmatattva kA vivecana kAvyAtmaka zailI meM citrita kiyA hai- sahaja hiMDanA harakha hiDolanA, bhukata cetanarAva  /  jahA~ dharma karma saMvega upajata, rasa svabhAva  //  jahaM sumana rUpa anUpa maMdira, suruci bhUmi suraMga  /  tahaM jJAna darzana khaMbha pravicala, carana jhADa abhaMga  //  maruvA suguna parajAya vicarana, bhaura visala viveka  /  vyavahAra nizcaya naya sudaNDI, sumati paTalI eka  // 11 afa bhagavatIdAsa ne brahmavilAsa kI zatamaSTottarI meM vizuddha AtmA kama ke kAraNa kisa prakAra apane mUla svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai isakA sarasa citraNa khIMcA hai kAyAsI ju nagarI meM citAnanda rAja kareM, mAyAsI ju rAnI paM magana bahu bhayo hai| mohaso hai phojadAra krodha so hai kotavAra, lobha so vajIra jahA~ lUsive ko rahate hai  /  /  udaiko jU kAjI mAne, mAna ko pradalajAyauM, kAmasevA errata mAi vAkce ko hai  /  aisI rAjadhAnI meM apane gurakha bhUla gayau, suSi jaba mAI tavaM jJAna prAya gayo hai ||291 vijJAna ke mahatva ko aneka vRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se kavivAda banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samayasAra meM spaSTa karane kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha spRhaNIya hai-jaise rajasodhA raja soSika daraba kADhe, kanaka kADhi vAhata upaka pAvaka

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________________ paMka ke garama maiM jyoM DAriye kutalaphala, nIra karai ujjvala nitAri DAra mAlakoM  //  dadhi ko mathaiyA mathi kA jaise mAkhanakoM, rAjahaMsa jaise dUdha pIva tyAgi jalakauM  /  taiseM gyAnavaMta bhedagyAnakI sakati sAdhi, bedai nija saMpati uchedai paradala kauM  / ' 2. stavana pUjA maura jayamAla sAhitya AdhyAtmika sAdhana meM stavana, pUjA aura jayamAlakA apanA mahattva hai| sAdhaka rahasya kI bhAvanA kI prApti ke lie iSTadeva kI stuti aura pUjA karatA hai| bhakti ke sarasa pravAha meM usake rAgAdika vikAra prazAnta hone lagate haiM aura sAdhaka zubhopayoga se zuddhopayoga kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai| paMcaparameSThiyoM kA stavana, tIrthaMkaroM kI pUjA aura unakI jayamAla tathA bhAratI sAdhanA kA patha nirmANa karate haiM  /  isa sAhitya vidyA kI sImaMdhara svAmI stavana, mithyA dukkaNa vinatI garmavicAra stotra, gajAnanda paMcAsikA, paMca stotra, sammedazikhira stavana, jaina caubIsI, vinatI saMgraha, nanikSepa stavana prAdi zatAdhika racanAeM haiM jo rahasya bhAvanA kI abhivyakti meM anyatama mAdhana kahI jA sakatI hai| bhaktibhAva se protaprota honA inakI svAbhAvikatA hai| uparyukta stavana sAhitya meM kucha padoM kA rasAsvAdana kIjie  /  kavi bhUdaradAsa kI jinendrastuti antaHkaraNa ko gaharAI se chUtI huI nikala rahI hai aho jagata guru deva, sunie araja hamArI  /  tuma prabhu dInadayAla, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI  //  isa bhava-vana ke mAMhi, kAla anAdi gamAyo  /  bhramyo caturgati mAhiM, sukha nahiM dukha bahu pAyo  /  /  karma mahAriSu jora, eka na kAma kara jii| mana mAne dukha dehiM, kAhU soM nAhiM Dare jI  /  isI prakAra dyAnatarAya kA 'svayaMbhU stotra' bhI ullekhanIya hai jisameM tIrthakaroM kI mahimA kA gAna hai| isameM pArzvanAtha aura vartamAna kI mahimA ke pada dRSTavya hai 1. nATaka samayasAra, saMvaradvAra, pR. 10

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________________ batya kiyo upasarga apAra, dhyAna dekhi mAyo phnidhaar| mayo kamaTha maTha mukha kara zyAma, namoM meru sama pArasa svAma 123. bhavasAgara teM jIva apAra, parama pota meM ghare nihAra  /  bata kAr3he dayA vicAra, varSamAna baMdI bahubAra  /  / 24. pUjA aura jayamAla sAhitya meM bhI katipaya udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM jo rahasyAsmaka tattva kI gahanatA ko samajhane meM sahAyaka banate hai  /  arjunadAsa, majayarAja pATanI, dhAnatarAya, vizvabhUSaNa, pAMDe jinadAsa prAdi aneka kavi hue haiM jinhoMne saMgItaparaka sAhitya likhA hai  /  dekhie, kavivara dyAnatarAya kI solahakAraNa pUjA meM kitanI bhAva vibhoratA hai kavana jhArI nirmala nIra, pUjoM jinavara guna-gaMbhIra  /  paramaguru ho jaya jaya mAtha parama guru ho  /  darazavizuddha bhAvanA bhAva, solaha tIrthakara pada pAya  /  paramaguru ho jaya jaya nAtha parama guru ho|| isI prakAra bhagavatIdAsa ne brahmavilAsa meM paramAtmA kI jayamAlA meM brahma rUpa paramAtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai eka hi brahma asaMkhyapradeza  /  guNa anaMta cetanatA bheza  /  zakti manaMta lasa jiha mAhi  /  jAsama aura dUsarA nAhiM  /  /  darzana jJAna rUpa vyavahAra nizcaya siddha samAna nihAra  /  nahiM karatA nahiM kari hai koya  /  sadA sarvadA pravicala soya  /  /  cADapaI kAvyoM meM jJAmapaMcamI, balibhada, DholAmAru, kumatividhvaMsa, viveka, malasundarI prAdi racanAeM ullekhanIya haiM jo bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM  /  inake atirikta mAladeva kI purandara cau., surasundarI cau., vIrAMgada cau., devadatta cau. mAdi, rAyamalla kI candragupta cau., sAdhukIrti kI namirAja cau., sahajakIti kI harizcanda cau., nAhara jaTamala kI premavilAsa cau., TIkama kI caturdaza cau., jinaharSa kI RSidattA cau., yati rAmacandra kI mUladeva cau.. lakSmI ballabha kI ranahAsa papaI bhI sarasatA kI dRSTi se udAharaNIya haiN| cUnar3I kAvya meM rUpaka tattva adhika mamita rahatA hai| isI ke mAdhyama se jaina dharma ke pramukha tatvoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| vinayacanda kI cUnajhe (saM. 1576), sAdhukIti kI dhUnar3I (saM. 1648), bhagavatIdAsa kI mukati ramaNI cUr3I (saM. 1680), candrakIrti kI cAritra cUnar3I (saM. 1655) mAdi kAvya isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai  /  vinayacandra kI cUnar3I meM patnI pati se aisI dhUnahI vAhatI hai jo use bhava-samudra se pAra karA sake

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________________ viNae bandavi paMcaguru, moh-mhaatm-tognniyr| sAha hina hAvahi khUnaDiya yuvau pabhaNai piDa moDiSi kara  // 1 phAgu, baili, bArahamAso paura vivAhalo sAhitya : phAgu meM bhI kavi atyanta bhaktavibhora aura AdhyAtmika saMta-sA dikhAI detA hai  /  isameM kavi tIrthakara yA prAcArya ke prati samarpita hokara bhaktirasa ko ur3elatA hai  /  maladhArI rAjazekhara sUri kI nemicanda phAgu (saM. 1405), halarAja kI sthUlibhadra phAgu (saM. 1409), sakalakIti kI zAntinAtha phAgu (saM. 1480), somasundara sUri kI neminAtha varasa phAgu (saM. 1450), jJAnabhUSaNa kI mAdIzvara phAgu (1560) mAladeva kI sthUlabhadra phAgu (saM. 1612), vAcaka kanaka soma kI maMgala kalaza phAgu (saM. 1649), ranakIrti, dhanadevargAraNa, samadhara, ratnamaNDana, rAyamalla, aMcalakIrti, vidyAbhUSaNa Adi kaviyoM kI neminAtha tIrthakara para AdhArita phAgu racanAeM kAvya kI nayI vidhA ko prastuta karatI haiM jisameM sarasatA, sahajatA aura samarasatA kA darzana hotA hai  /  neminAtha aura rAjula ke vivAha kA varNana karate samaya kavi atyanta bhaktavibhora aura AdhyAtmika saMta-sA dikhAI detA hai  /  isI taraha hemavimala sUri phAgu (saM 1554), pArzvanAya phAgu (saM 1558), vasanta phAgu, suraMgAnidha nemi phAgu, adhyAtma phAgu prAdi zatAdhika phAgu racanAe~ prAdhyAtmikatA se jur3I huI haiN| ___ inake atirikta phAgulamAsa varNana siddhivilAsa (saM. 1763), adhyAtma phAgu, lakSmIballabha phAgu racanAoM ke sAtha hI dhamAla-saMjJaka racanAeM bhI jaina kaviyoM kI milatI hai jinheM hindI meM dhamAra kahA jAtA hai| aSTachApa ke kavi nandadAsa aura govindadAsa Adi ne vasaMta aura TolI padoM kI racanA dhamAra nAma se hI kI hai| lagabhaga 15-20 aisI hI dhamAra racanAeM milatI haiM jinameM jina samudrasUri kI nemi horI rcn| vizeSa ullekhanIya hai  /  beli sAhitya meM vAchA kI caGagati veli (1520 I0), sakalakIti (16vIM zatAbdI) kI karpUrakatha beli, mahAraka vIracaMda kI jambUsvAmI beli (saM, 1690), ThakurasI kI paMcendriya beli (saM. 1578), malladAsa kI kroSabeli (saM. 1588), harSakIrti kI paMcagati beli (saM. 1683), brahma jIvaMdhara kI guNaNA beli (16vIM zatAbdI), abhayanaMdi kI hariyAla beli (saM. 1630), kalyANakIrti kI laghu-bAhubalI beli (saM. 1692), lAkhAcaraNa kI kRSNarukmaNi beli TabbATIkA (saM. 1638), tathA 6vIM zatI ke vIracanda, devAnaMdi, zAMtidAsa, dharmadAsa kI kramazaH sudarzana beli, jambUsvAminI beli, bAhubalibhI beli, bharata beli, laghubAhubali keli, gurubeli aura 17vIM zatI ke brahmajayasAgara kI mallidAsimI beli va sAha lohaTha kI SaDlezyAveli __1. vinayacandra kI cUnar3I, pahalA dhruvaka  / 

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________________ kA vizeSa ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jisameM bhakta kaviyoM ne apane sarasa bhAvoM ko sunagunAtI bhASA meM utArane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| bArahamAsA bhI madhyakAla kI eka vidhA rahI hai jisameM kavi apane baDAspada deva yA prAcArya ke bArahamAsoM kI dinacaryA kA vidhivat prAtyAne karatA hai| aisI racanAtroM meM hIrAnanda sUri kA sthUli bhara bArahamAsI aura neminAtha bArahamAsA (15vIM zatI) DUMgara kA neminAtha phAMga ke nAma se bArahamAsA (saM. 1535) brahmabUnarAja kA nemIzvara bArahamAsA (saM. 1581), ratnakIti kA nemi bArahamAsA (saM. 1614), jinaharSa kA nemirAjamati bArahamAsA (saM. 1713), ballabha kA nemirAjula bArahamAsA (saM. 1727), vinodIlAla agravAla kA nemirAjula bArahamAsA (saM. 1749) siddhivilAsa kA phAguNamAsa varNana (saM. 1763), bhavAnIdAsa ke adhyAtma bArahamAsa (saM. 1781), sumati-kumati-kumati bArahamAsa, vinayacandra kA neminAtha bArahamAsa (18vIM zatI) Adi racanAe~ vizeSa prasiddha haiM  /  ye racanAe~ adhyAtma aura bhaktiparaka hai  /  isI taraha kI aura bhI zatAdhika racanAe~ haiM jo rahasya sAdhanA kI pAvana saritA ko pravAhita kara rahI haiM  /  svatantra rUpa se bArahamAsA 16vIM zatI ke uttarArdha se adhika milate haiM  /  vivAhalo bhI eka vidhA rahI hai jisameM sAdhaka kavi ne apane bhaktibhAva ko piroyA hai  /  isa sandarbha meM jinaprabhasUri (14vIM zatI) kA aMtaraMga vivAha, hIrAnaMdasUri (15vIM zatI) ke aThArahanAtA vivAhalo aura jambUsvAmI vivAhalo, brahmAvinayadeva sUri (saM. 1615) kA neminAtha vivAhalo, mahimasundara (saM. 1665) kA neminAtha vivAhalo, sahajakIti kA zAMtinAtha vivAhalasa (saM. 1678), vijaya ratnasUri kA pArzvanAtha vivAhalo (saM. 8vIM zatI) jaisI racanAe~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ina kAvyoM meM carita nAyakoM ke vivAha prasaMgoM kA varNana to hai hI para kucha kaviyoM ne vratoM ke grahaNa ko nArI kA rUpaka dekara usakA vivAha kisI saMyamI vyakti se ravAyA hai| isa taraha dravya aura bhAva donoM vivAha ke rUpa yahAM milate haiM  /  aise kAvyoM meM udayanaMdi sUri vivAhalA, kItiratna sUri, guNaratna sUri sumatisAdhu sUri paura hema vimala sUri vivAhale haiN| bahma jinadAsa (15vIM zatI) ne apane rUpaka kAvya paramahaMsa rAsa' meM zuddha svabhAbI mAtmA kA citraNa kiyA hai| yaha paramahaMsa mAtmA mAyA rUpa ramaNI ke pAkarSaNa se moha prasita ho jAtA hai| cetanA mAhitI ke kArA samajhAye jAne para bhI vaha mAyAjAla se bAhara nahIM nikala paataa| usakA mAtra bahirAtmA jIva kAyA nagarI meM baca rahatA hai  /  mAyA se mAna-putra paidA hotA hai  /  mana kI nivRtti va pravRtti rUpa do paliyoM se kramazaH viveka aura moha nAmaka putroM kI utpatti hotI hai  /  ye sabhI paramahaMsa (bahirAtmA) ko kArAgAra meM banda kara dete hai aura vikRtti tathA bibeka ko para

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________________ se bAhara kara dete haiM  /  idhara moha ke zAsanakAla meM pApa vAsanAmoM kA vyApAra prAraMbha ho jAtA hai  /  moha kI dAsI durgati se kAma, rAga, paura deSa ye tIna putra tathA hiMsA, ghaNA mora nidrA ye tIna putriyAM hotI haiN| viveka sanmati se vivAha karatA samyaksva ke khaDga se mithyAtva ko samApta karatA hai  /  paramahaMsa prAtmazakti ko jAgrata kara svAtmopanadhi ko prApta karatA hai| isI taraha brahmavUparAba, banArasIvAsa mAdi ke kAvya bhI isI prakAra bhAvAbhivyakti se motaprota haiN| phAgu sAhitya meM neminAtha phAgu (bhaTTAraka ratnakIti) yahA~ ullekhanIya hai kavi ne rAjula kI sundaratA kA varNana kiyA hai candravadanI mRgalocanI, mocanI khaMjana mIna  /  vAsaga nItpo veriNaI, meriNaya madhukara dIna  /  yugala gala dAye zazi, upamA nAsA kITa  /  adhara vidruma sama upamA, daMta nU nirmala nIra  /  /  ciduka kamala para SaTpada, mAnanda kara sudhApAna  /  grIvA sundara somatI kambu kapolane bAna  /  /  kucha phAgumo meM adhyAtma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se banArasIdAsa kA madhyAtama phAga ullekhanIya hai jisameM kavi ne phAga ke sabhI aMga-pratyaMgoM kA sambandha pradhyAtma se joDa diyA hai bhavaparapati cAcarita bhaI ho, maSTakarma bana jAla  /  alakha amUrati mAtamA ho, khelaM dharma dhamAla  /  nayapaMkati cAri mili ho, jJAna dhyAna uphtaal| picakArI pada sAdhanA ho saMvara bhAva gulAla  // ' aitihAsika veliyo ke sAtha hI prAdhyAtmika veliyAM bhI milatI hai| ina prAdhyAtmika veliyo meM 'paMcendriya veli' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai jisame kavi ThAkarasI me paMcendriya-viSaya vAsanA ke phala ko spaSTa kiyA hai| sparzandriya meM prAsakti kA pariNAma hai ki hApI lauha zRMkhalAmo se baMdha jAtA hai aura kIcaka, rAvaNa prAdi dAruNa duHkha pAte haiN| vana taruvara phala sau~ phiri, paya pIvata ha svacaMda  /  parasaNa indrI preriyo, bahu dukha sahe gayanda  /  /  - 1. paramahaMsa rAsa, khaMDelavAla di0 jaina mandira, udayapura meM surakSita hai| 2. hindI bana bhakti kAvya pora kaSi, pR. 109 3. banArasI vilAsa, adhyAtama kAga, 10-11, pR. 155

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________________ risai pAga saMkula cAle, so kiyo masakaM cAle  /  parasaraNa prarahaM dukha pAyo, tini aMkuza pAvA pAyo || parasA rasa kIcaka pUraya, gahi bhIma zilAtala cUryo  /  parasaraNa rasa rAvaNa nAmai, vAracI laMkesura rAmada | parasaraNa rasa zaMkara rAjyau tiya prAye naTa jyo nAcyo  //  madhyakAlIna hindI jaina sAhitya meM 'bArahamAsA' bahuta likhe gaye haiN| unameM se kucha to nizcita hI uncakoTi ke haiM  /  kavi vinodIlAla kA nemi rAjula bArahamAsA yahA~ ullekhanIya hai jisameM bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya dikhAI detA hai  /  yahA~ rAjula apane priya nemi ko prApya pauSa mAha kI vividha kaThinAiyoM kA smaraNa dilAyA hai piya pauSa meM jAr3o paraMgI bano, bina sauMr3ha ke zIta kaise bhara ho  /  kahA proDhege zIta lage jaba hI, kidhoM pAtana kI dhruvanIghara ho || tumharo prabhujI tana komala hai, kaise kAma kI phaujana sauMlara ho  /  jaba prAvegI zIta taraMga sabai, taba dekhata hI tinako Dara ho  /  saMkhyAtmaka kAvya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne saMkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA vipula parimANa meM sRjana kiyA hai  /  kahIM yaha sAhitya stutiparaka hai to kahIM upadeza paraka, kahIM adhyAtmaparaka hai to kahIM rahasya bhAvanA paraka  /  isa vidhA meM samAsazailI kA upayoga dRSTavya hai  /  lAvaNyasamaya kA sthUlabhadra ekavIso (saM. 1553), hIrakalama sihAsanavatIsI (saM. 1631), samayasundara kA dasazIla tapabhAvanA saMvAdazataka (saM. 1662), vAso kAmata (saM. 1645), udayarAja kI guNavAbanI (saM. 1676), banArasIdAsa kI samakitavattIsI (saM. 1681), pAMDe rUpacanda kA paramArtha dohAzataka, prAnandaghana kA zrAnandaghana bahattarI (saM. 1705), pANDe helarAja kA sitapaTa baurAsI bola (saM. 1709 ), jinaraMga sUri kI prabodhavAvanI (saM. 1731), rAyamalla kI prAtmaaait (17ai aat), bihArIdAsa kI samboSapaMcAsikA (saM. 1758), bhUmaradAsa kA jainazataka (saM. 1781), budhajana kA carcAzataka prAdi kAvya adhyAtmarasatA ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya haiN| 1. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 87 mila bArahamAsA, pR. 14 2.

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________________ uparyukta saMsthAtmaka sAhitya meM se kucha manorama padya nIce udaghRta haiN| banArasIdAsa viracita zAnabAvanI ke nim padya meM prAtmajJAnI kI avasthA aura usake jIvana kI gatividhiyoM kA citraNa dekhate hI banatA haiRtu barasAta nadI nAle sara jora car3ha, bAda nAhiM marajAda sAgara ke phaila kii| nIra ke pravAha tRNa kAThavRnda bahe jAta, citrAvela prAi car3he nAhIM kahU gela kii| banArasIdAsa aise paMcana ke parapaMca, raMcaka na saMka prAva vIra buddhi chaila kii| kucha na pranIta na kyoM prIti para guNa ketI, aisI rIti viparIti adhyAtama zailI  //  isI prakAra bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne amityapaccIsikA ke eka padya meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki durlabha narabhava ko pAkara saccA prAtmabodha na hone se prANI bhautika sukhoM meM ulajhA rahatA hai| nara deha hAye kahA, paMDita kahAye kahA, tIrtha ke nhAye kahA taTi to na jaihai re  /  lacchi ke kamAye kahA, maccha ke aghAye kahA, chaSa ke gharAye kahA chInatA na aiheM re  /  /  keza ke muDAye kahA bheSa ke banAye kahA, jovana ke Aye kahA, jarAhU na khaihai re  /  prama ko vilAsa kahA, durjana me vAsa kahA, prAtama prakAza vina pIche pachitaihai re  /  /  gAtikAvya hindI jana sAhitya meM gItikAvya kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai| usameM vaiyaktika bhAvAtmaka anubhUti kI gaharAI, prAtmaniSThatA, sarasatA aura saMgItAtmakatA Adi tatvoM kA saniveza sahaja hI dekhane ko mila jAtA hai| lAvanI, bhajana, gIta, pada prAdi prakAra kA sAhitya isake antargata pAtA hai| isameM adhyAtma, nIti, upadeza, darzana, pairAgya, bhakti prAdi kA sundara citraNa milatA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa, budhajana, dhAnattarAya, daulatarAma, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa mAdi kaviyoM kA gIti sAhitya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai  /  jaina gItikAvya sUra, tulasI, mIrA bhAdi ke pada sAhitya se kisI prakAra kama nhiiN| bhakti sambandhI padoM meM sUra, tulasI ke samAna dAspa-sasya bhAva, dInatA, pazcAttApa mAdi bhAvoM kA sundara aura sarasa citraNa hai| jaina kaviyoM ke prArAdhya rAma ke samAna zIla, zakti mora saundarya se samanvita yA samAna

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________________ zakti saundarya se yukta nahIM hai| ye to pUrNa bItasagI haiN| batA makAna unase kucha abhISTa kI kAmanA kara sakatA hai aura na usakI kAmApUrNa hI ho sakatI hai| isake lie vo use hI samyakajJAna aura samyakapAritra kA pariNAmana karanA hogA  /  mataH yahAM abhivyakta bhakti niSkAma ahetuka bhakti hai  /  bhAvAveza meM kucha kaSiyoM ne avazya unakA patitapAvana rUpa aura ulAhanA prAdi se sambada pada likhe haiN| ina sabhI vizeSatAmoM ko hama zatAdhika hindI jaina pada aura gItikAvyoM meM dekha sakate haiN| udAharaNArtha-NamokAraphalagIta, muktAphalagIta, nemIbaraNIta, (bha. sakalakoti, saM. 1443-1499), bArahavatagIta--jIvahAgIta-jigandagIta (brahmajivadAsa, saM. 1445 se 1525), nemIpavaragIta (catarumala, saM. 1571), panakAmIta (bha. bhImasena, saM. 1520), vijayakItigIta, TaMDAraNAgItaneminAtha pasaMta bAbUbarAja, maM. 1591), neminAyagIta-mallanAthagIta (yazovara, maM. 1581), madhThAlikA gIta aura pada (zubhacandra), sImaMdhara svAmIgIta (bha. vIracandra, saM. 1580), basAlavilAsagIta (sumatikIrti, saM. 1626), paMcasahelI-paMthigIta-udaragIta (bIhala, saM. 1574), padasaMgraha (jinadAsa pAMDe), phuTakara zatAdhika gIta (samayasundara, saM. 1641-1700), pUjyavAhanagIta (kuzalalAbha), gItasAhitya (brahmasAgara. saM. 1580--1655), kumuvacandra kA mItasAhitya saM. 1645-1687), aArAdhanAgIta vAdicandra (saM 1651), jinarAjasUrigIta (sahajakIti, saM. 1662), neminAthapada (hemavijaya, saM 1666), neminAtharAjula prAdi gIta (harSakIti, saM. 1683), muni abhaya candra kA mIna sAhitya (saM 1685-1721), brahmadharmaruci kA gIta sAhitya (16 vIM), saMyama sAgara kA gIta sAhitya, (saM. 16vIM zatI), kanakakIrti kA gIta sAhitya (16bI zatI), jinakA gIta sAhitya (17vI zatI), jagatarAma kI jaina padAvalI (saM 1724), kimAnasiMha kA gIta sAhitya (saM. 1771), bhUdharadAsa kA pada saMgraha, bhavAnIdAsa kA gIta sAhitya (saM. 1791), mANikacaMda kA pada sAhitya (saM. 1809) magalarAma kA pada sAhitya (saM. 1825), aise hajAroM pada hindI jaina kaviyoM ke yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiM jinameM mAdhyAtmikatA paura rahasyavAditA ke tatva gujita ho rahe haiN| yaha kAvya vidhA vyaSTi aura samaSTi cetanA kA samahita kie hue hai| mAdhyAtmika vizleSaNa ko dhyAnAtmakatA ke sAtha jor3akara kaviyoM ne sundara aura sarasa bhAvabodha kI sarjanA prastuta kI hai| mAramAse paramAtmA taka kI mAyAsamayI dIrgha yAtrA meM pUjA, upAsanA, ulAhanA, dAsyabhakti, zarAli, dAmpatyabhAva, phAga, holI, vAtsalyabhAka, mana kI caMcalatA, snehAdhika vikAraNAko kI pariNati, satsaMgati, saMsAra kI prasAratA, prAmabodhana, bhenizAna, prAdhyAtmika vivAha, vitazuddhi pAdi viSayoM para hindI na kaliyoM meM jisa mAmikAtA pora tapaspapitA ke sAtha zabdoM meM apane bhAva gUthe haiM ve mAvya kI STa se to stamA hai hI para nahatya sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bhI ve anupakyA like hue haiN|

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________________ uparyukta gIta athavA pada meM se katipaya padoM kI sarasatA ullekhanIya hai  /  adhikAMza padoM meM prAvazyaka sabhI tatva nihita haiN| saMgItAtmakatA kI dRSTi se maiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA nimna pada kitanA madhura hai ! isameM zarIra ko paradezI ke rUpa meM darzAkara yathArthatA kA citrala bar3I kuzalatA se kiyA hai kahA paradezI ko patiyAro  /  manamAne taba cale paMtha ko, sA~jha girna na skaarii| sabai kuTumba chor3a itahI puni, tyAga cale tana pyaaro|| dUra dizAvara calata pApa hI, kou na rokana haarau| koka prIti karo kina koTika, anta hoyagA nyaaro|| dhana sauM rASi dharama so bhUlata, jhUlata moha maMjhArI  /  ihi vidhi kAla ananta gamAyo, pAyoM nahiM bhava pAro  //  sAMce sukhaso vimukha hota ho, bhrama madirA mtvaaro| cetaha ceta sunahu re bhaiyA, pApa hI prApa sNbhaarii|| isI prakAra prAtmAbhivyakti kA tatva kavi daulatarAma ke nimna pada meM abhivyajita hai mero mana aisI khelata horii| mana miradaMgasAja kari tyArI, tana ko tamUrA bnorii| sumati suraMga sAraMgI bajAI, tAla dou krjorii| rAga pAMcoM pada korI mero mana samakiti rUpa nIra bhara bhArI, karunA kezara ghorI  /  jJAnamaI lekara picakArI, dou kara mAhiM samhorI  /  indrI pAMcau sakhi borI  /  mero mn||2|| kavivara banArasIdAsa ke isa pada meM bhAva aura abhivyaMjanA kA kitanA samanvaya hai cetana tU ti kAla akelA  /  nadI nAba saMjoga mile jyauM, tyoM kuTumba kA melA ||cetn|| yaha saMsAra apAra rUpa saba, jyoM paTa pekhana khelaa| sukha sampatti zarIra jala budabuda, vinazata nAhI belA cetn|| moha magana bhati magana bhUlata, parI tohi gljelaa| maiM maiM karata cahUM gati Dolata, bolata jaise khelA citn|| kahata banArasi mithyAmata taji, hoya samuru kA celA  /  tAsa vacana paratIta mAnayi, hoi rAhaja surajhalA vinA  / 

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________________ 57. prakIrNaka kAgya meM yahAM hamane lAkSaNika sAhitya, koza, gajala, murvAvalI AtmakathA prAdi vidhAnoM ko antabhUta kiyA hai| ina vidhAnoM kI mora iSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina kavi mAtra adhyAtma aura bhakti kI pora hI mAkaSita nahIM hue balki unhoMne chanda, bhalaMkAra, prAtmakathA, itihAsa mAdi se sambaddha sAhitya kI sarjanA meM bhI apanI pratibhA kA upayoga kiyA hai| __ lAkSaNika sAhitya meM piMgala ziromaNi, chandovidyA, chanda mAlikA, rasamaMjarI, caturapriyA, anUparasAla, rasamoha zRMDAra, lakhapati piMgala, mAlApiMgala, chandazataka, alaMkAra Azaya, prAdi racanAe~ mahatvapUrNa haiN| isI taraha manastamitavrata saMdhi, madanayuddha, anekArtha nAmamAlA, nAmamAlA, mAtmapravodhanAmamAlA, prardhakathAnaka, akSaramAlA, gorAbAdala kI bAta, rAmavinoda, vaidyakasAra, bacanakoSa, cittaur3a kI gajala, kriyAkoza, ratnaparIkSA, zakunaparIkSA, rAsavilAsa, lakhapatamaMjarI nAmamAlA, gurvAvalI, catya paripATI Adi racanAe~ vividha vidhAmoM ko sameTe hue haiN| isI taraha kucha hiyAlI saMjJaka racanAe~ bhI milatI haiM jo prahelikA ke rUpa me likhI gaI hai  /  bauddhika vyAyAma kI dRSTi se inakI upayogitA niHsaMdigdha hai  /  madhyakAlIna jainAcAryoM ne aisI aneka samasyA mUlaka racanAe~ likhI haiM  /  ina racanAmoM meM samayasundara aura dharmasI kI racanAe~ vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| uparyukta prakIrNaka kAvya meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne kahIM rasa ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA hai to kahIM pralaMkAra pora chanda ke, kahIM koza likhe haiM to kahIM gurvAvaliyAM, kahIM gajaleM likhI haiM to kahIM jyotiSa para vicAra kiyA hai| yaha saba unakI pratibhA kA pariNAma hai| yahAM hama uname se katipaya udAharaNa prastuta kreNge| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne kAvya rasoM kI saMkhyA 9 mAnI hai-bhRgAra, vIra, karuNa, hAsya, rodra, vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, adbhuta aura zAnta  /  inameM zAnta rasako 'rasaniko nAyaka' kahA hai| usakA nivAsa vairAgya meM batAyA hai-mAyA kI marucitA meM zAnta rasa mAniye  / " unhoMne ina rasoM ke pAramArthika sthAnoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai guna vicAra siMgAra, vIra udyama udAra rukha  /  karUnA samarasa rIti, hAsa hiradai ukhAha sukha  /  baSTa karama dala malana, rudra barata tihi mAnaka  /  tana bilecha bImatcha dunda mukha vasA bhayAnaka  //  1. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuvidvAra, 133-134.

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________________ 58 prata anaMta bala citavana, sAMta sahaja vairAga va navarasavilAsa pAsa taba, jaba subodha ghaTa, pragaTa huva  //  rasa ke samAna prakAra para bhI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| isa saMdarbha meM kuMvarakuzala kA lakhapata jayasiMdhu aura grAma kA kAra mAya macarI ullekhanIya hai| yahAM rasa, vastu aura prabaMkAra ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai  /  alaMkAra ke kAraNa vastu kA citrasya ramaNIya banatA hai| usase rasa upakRta hotA hai aura bhoM kI ramaNIyatA meM nikhAra bhAtA hai  /  chandovidhAna kI dRSTi se bhI hindI jaina kavi smaraNIya haiN| kavivara vRndAvanadAsa ne pratyanta sarala bhASA meM laghu-guru ko pahacAnane kI prakriyA batAyI hai guru kI par3hiyo laghu ko guru hU~ ko laghu kahata haiM, samajhata sukavi suceta  //  ThoM gaNoM ke nAma, svAmI aura phala kA nirUpaNa kavi ne eka hI sarvaye meM kara diyA hai laghu kI rekhA sarala hai, ihi krama sauM guru-madhu parakhi, kahUM kahU~ sukavi prabandha mahaM, rekhA baMka | chanda nizaMka 11 guru kaha deta  /  magana tiguru mUlacchi lahAvata nagana tilaghu sura zubha phala deta  /  magana jala zuddhi kareta  //  jagana ravi roga niketa  /  laghu nava zUnya sameta || magana prAdi guru indu sujasa, laghu zrAdi ragana madhya laghu, bhagina mRtyu, gurumadhya sagata bhanta guru, vAyu bhramana taganata isI prakAra banArasIdAsa kI nAmamAlA, bhagavatIdAsa kI anekArtha nAmamAlA bhAdi koza grantha bhI ullekhanIya haiN| yaha koza sAhitya saMskRta koza sAhitya se prabhAvita hai  /  isa prakAra zrAdi-madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya kI pravRttiyoM kI ghora dRSTipAta karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sAdhaka kaviyoM ne sAhitya kI kisI eka vighA ko nahIM apanAyA, balki lagabhaga sabhI faurai meM apanI pratibhA ko unmeSita kiyA hai  /  yaha sAhitya bhAva, bhASA maura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se bhI uccakoTikA hai  /  yadyapi kaviyoM kA yahA~ AdhyAtmika prathavA rahasya bhAvanAtmaka uddezya mUlata: kAma karatA rahA para unhoMne kisI bhI prakAra se pravAha meM gatirodha nahIM hone diyA  /  rasacarvaNA, chanda- vaividhya, upamAdi alaMkAra, zrIjAdi guNa svAbhAvika rUpa je abhivyaMjita hue hai  /  bhASAdi bhI kahIM bojhila nahIM ho paaii| phalataH pAThaka sarasatA aura svAbhAvikatA ke pravAha meM lagAtAra bahatA rahatA hai aura rahasya bhAvanA ke mArga ko prazasta kara letA hai| aMtara kaviyoM kI tulanA se bhI yahI bAta spaSTa hotI hai  /  1. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana, pR. 239. 2. vahI  / 

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________________ caturva parivarta rahasyabhAvanA : eka vizleSaNa - - - - rahasya-zAbdika artha, abhivyakti aura prayoga : sRSTi ke sarjaka tatva anAdi aura ananta haiM, unakI sarjanazIlatA prAkRtika zaktiyoM ke saMgaThita rUpa para nirbhara karatI hai  /  para use hama prAyaH kisI ajJAta zakti vizeSa se sambaddha kara dete haiM, jisakA mUla kAraNa mAnasika dRSTi se svayaM ko asamartha svIkAra karanA hai| isI prasAmarthya me sAmarthya paidA karane vAle 'satyaM zivaM sundaram' tatva kI gaveSaNA aura svAnubhUti kI prApti ke pIche hamArI rahasyabhAvanA eka bahuta bar3A sambala hai  /  sAdhaka ke lie yaha eka muha tasva bana jAtA hai jisakA sambandha parAbauddhika RSi-maharSiyoM kI guhya sAdhanA kI parAkASThA aura usakI vizuddha tapasyA se jur3A humA hai  /  pratyeka dRSTA ke sAkSAtkAra kI dizA, manubhUti paura abhivyakti samAna nahIM ho sktii| usakA jJAna aura sAdhanAgamma manubhava anya pratyakSadarziyoM ke zAna aura anubhava se pRthak hone kI hI sambhAvanA adhika rahA karatI hai| phira bhI lagabhaga samAna mAnoM ko kisI eka pantha vA sampradAya se jor3A jAnA bhI asvAbhAvika nhiiN| jisa mArga ko koI cumbakIya vyaktitva prastuta kara detA hai, usase usakA cirantana sambandha jur3a jAtA hai aura bhAgAmI ziSyaparamparA usI mArga kA anusaraNa karatI rahatI hai  /  yathA samaya isI mArga ko apanI paramparA ke anukUla koI nAma de diyA jAtA hai, jise hama apanI bhASA meM dharma kahane lagate haiN| rahasyabhAvanA ke sAtha hI usakA avinAmAca sambandha sthApita kara diyA jAtA hai aura kAlAntara meM bhinna-bhikSa dharma aura sampradAyoM kI sImA meM use bAMdha diyA jAtA hai|

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________________ 'rahasya' zabda 'rahas' para AdhArita hai  /  'rahas' zabda 'raha' tpAgArthaka dhAtu se asun pratyaya lagAne para banatA hai| tadanaMtara yat pratyaya jor3ane para rahasya zabda nirmita hotA hai  /  usakA vigraha hogA-rahasi bhavam rahasyam  /  arthAt rahasya eka aisI mAnasika pratIti athavA anubhUti hai, jisameM sAdhaka zeya vastu ke atirikta jJevAntara vastuoM kI vAsanA se prasaMpRkta ho jAtA hai| __'rahas' zabda kA dvitIya artha vivikta, vijana, channa, niHzalAka, raha, upAMzu mora ekAnta hai| aura vijana meM hone vAle ko rahasya kahate hai| (rahasibhavam rahasyam)  /  guhya artha meM bhI rahasya zabda kA prayoga humA hai| zrImadbhagavad gItA aura upaniSadoM meM rahasya zabda kA vizeSa prayoga dikhAI detA hai  /  vahAM ekAnta artha meM 'yogI yu jIta satatamAtmAnaM rahasi sthitam', marma artha me 'bhakto si sakhA ceti rahasyam havetadamutta' aura guhArtha meM 'guhyayAd guhyataraM' (18. 63), 'parama guhya' (18. 38) Adi kI abhivyakti huI hai| isa rahasya ko prAdhyAtmika kSetra meM anubhUti ke rUpa meM aura kAvyAtmaka kSetra meM rasa ke rUpa meM prasphuTita kiyA gayA hai| rahasya ke ukta dono kSetro ke marmajJoM ne svAnubhUti ko 'cidAnanda caitanya' athavA 'brahmAnaMda sahodara' nAma samarpita kiyA hai  /  rasa-nispati ke sandarbha meM dhvanyAloka, kAvyaprakAza, sAhityadarpaNa Adi prAcIna kAvya granthoM meM isakA gambhIra vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jahAM taka jaina sAhitya kA prazna hai, usameM rahasya' zabda kA prayoga antarAya karma ke artha me humA hai  /  dhavalAkAra me isI artha ko 'rahasya maMtarAyaH', (1/1, 1, 1/44) kahakara spaSTa kiyA hai  /  'rahasya' zabda kA yaha artha kahAM se prAyA hai, yaha gutthi abhI taka sulajha nahIM sakI  /  sambhava hai antarAya karma kI vizeSatA ke sandarbha meM 'rahasya' zabda ko antarAya karma kA paryAyArSaka mAna liyA gayA ho  /  jo bhI ho, isa artha ko uttarakAlIna prAcAryoM ne vizeSa mahatva nahIM diyA anyathA usakA prayoga lokapriya ho jAtA  /  dUsarI ora jainAcAryoM ne rahasya zabda ke irdagirda ghUmane vAle prartha ko adhika sameTA hai  /  guhya sAdhanA ke artha meM unhoMne rahasya zabda kA prayoga bhale hI prathamataH na kiyA ho para usameM saMnihita prAdhyAtmika vastuniSThatA ko 1. sabaMdhAtubhyo'sun (unnaadisuutr-cturthpaad)| 2. tatra bhavaH digAdibhyo yat (pANini sUtra, 4. 3. 53. 54) /  3. vivikta vijanaH channaniHzalAkAstathA rahaH  /  __ rahasyopAMzu cAliDe rahasyam tadbhave triSu  //  amarakoza 2. 8. 22-23. mabhidhAna cintAmaNi koza, 741, 4. gujhe rahasyam............abhiSAna cintAmaNikoza, 742.

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________________ to mUla bhAvanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hI hai  /  hameM isa saMdarbha meM prAdi tIryakara RSasadeva ko prathama rahasyavAdI vyaktitva svIkAra karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hogaa| unakI hI paramparA kA pravartana karane vAle neminAtha, pArzvanAtha mora mahAvIra jaise aitihAsika mahApuruSoM kA nAma bhI agramaNya hai  /  isI rahasya sAdhanA ko janasAmAnya taka pahuMcAne kA prayatna karane vAloM meM prAcArya kuda-kuda, kArtikeya, pujyapAda, yogendu. muni rAmasiMha, banArasIdAsa, mAnandaghana Adi jaise sAdhakoM kA nAma kisI bhI taraha bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA  /  unake granthoM meM prAdhyAtmika tattva ko rahasya se jor3a diyA gayA hai jahA~ gaina rahasya sAdhanA kA spaSTa vizleSaNa dikhAI detA hai  /  jaina sAdhaka 'ToDaramala kI rahasyapUrNa ciTThI' isI artha ko vyakta karatI hai  /  isa ciTThI meM unhoMne apane katipaya mitroM ko AdhyAtmikatA kA saMdeza diyA hai| isI taraha pAialacchinAmamAlA, supAsaNAhacariu (318) tathA hemacandra prAkRta vyAkaraNa (2.204) mAdi granthoM meM bhI rahasya zabda ko guhya athavA prAdhyAtma kI paridhi meM maMr3ha diyA hai  /  prataevaM isa prAdhAra para yaha kahanA anupayukta nahIM hogA ki jana sAdhakoM ne bhI 'rahasya' ke darzana ko adhyAtma se aGgatA nahIM rakhA  /  unhoMne to vastutaH yathAsamaya rahasya zabda kA prayoga 'pAdhyAtma ke artha meM hI kiyA hai| AdhyAtma kA artha hai-prAtmA ko arthAt svayaM ko adhizrita karake vartamAna honA (mAtmAnamadhizrinya vartamAno'dhyAtmam--aSasahasrI, kArikA 2.) /  isameM pAtmA ko kendritakara paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| prAcIna prardhamAgadhI jainAgamo meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa rahasya tatva kI bhAvAnubhUti vAsanA rUpa bhAva ke mAdhyama se bhAvaka ke mAnasa-paTala para akita hotI hai  /  isI ko sAkSAtkAra kahA jAtA hai  /  yaha sAkSAkAra tabhI ho pAtA hai, jaba mithyAtva yA prajJAna kA mAvaraNa sAdhaka kI prAtmA se haTa jAye  /  taba isako rahasyAnubhUti kahA jAyegA  /  bhAvAnubhUti kAvyAtmaka hai maura rahasyAnubhUti sAdhanAtmaka yA dArzanika hai  /  eka kA sambandha rasa se hai aura dUsare kI paridhi mAdhyAtmika hai  /  prathama prakriyA vicAra se prArambha hotI hai aura bhAvanA se hotI huI anubhUti me virAma letI hai  /  dvitIya prakriyA anubhUti se apanI yAtrA prArambha karatI hai aura bhAvanA se hotI huI vicAra meM gabhita ho jAtI hai  /  prathama ko viSaya pradhAna (Objective) kahA jA sakatA hai aura dvitIya ko prAtmapradhAna yA bhAvAtmaka (Subjective) mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1. sUya, 1.4.18; bhagavatI, 2.24, 37.38; 9. 137; 15.56, 157%3; 18. 40; nAyA. 1.1. 16, 44; 1. 5.90; 1. 7.6. 42; 1.8. 139%B 1.14.70; uvAsaka, 1.13. 57.59%; paNhA, 6.2; dekhie, bhAgama zabdakoya, pu. 609

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________________ bhAvanA ko nyAya praNAlI meM 'cintA', vedAnta meM nididhyAsana, yoga meM dhyAna bAra kAyakatra meM sAdhAraNIkaraNa vyApAra, vyApanA, mAdi ke rUpa meM ciSita kiyA gayA hai| mAdhyAtmika kSetra meM bhAvanA sAdhana mAtra hai para kAvya ke kSetra meM mahAna bhAra sAdhya donoM hai  /  dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki rahasya bhAbhI ko sambandha pAtmika-prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA se hai| para usakI bhAvAtmaka bhAvanA kAvyAtmaka kSetra meM mA jAtI hai| vAda ke sAtha rahasya (rahasyavAda) zabda kA prayoga hindI sAhitya meM sarvaprathama prAcArya mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ne san 1927 meM sarasvatI patrikA ke maI maMka meM kiyA thaa| lagabhaga isI samaya avadhanArAyaNa upAdhyAya tathA prAcArya rAmacandra zukla ne bhI isa zabda kA upayoga kiyaa| jaisA Upara hama dekha cuke haiM, prAcIna kAla meM 'rahasya' jaise zabda sAhityika kSetra meM pA cuke the para usake pIche adhikAMgataH adhyAtmarasa se sikta sAdhanA-patha jur3A huA thaa| usakI abhivyakti bhale hI kisI bhASa mora bhASA meM hotI rahI ho para usakI sahajAnubhUti sArvabhaumika rahI hai| jahAM taka usakI abhivyakti kA prazna hai, use nizcita hI sAkSAtkAra kartA gUge ke gur3a kI bhAti pUrNata: vyakta nahIM kara pAtA  /  apanI abhivyakti meM sAmarthya lAne ke lie vaha taraha-taraha ke sAdhana avazya khojatA hai| una sAdhanoM meM hama vizeSa rUpa se saMketamayI aura pratIkAtmaka bhASA ko le sakate haiM  /  ye donoM sAdhana sAhitya meM bhI mila jAte haiN| yadyapi 'rahasyavAda' jaisA zabda prAcIna bhAratIya yoga-sAdhanAmoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotA, para 'rahasya' zabda kA prayoga athavA usakI bhUmikA kA viniyoga vahAM sadava se hotA rahA hai  /  isalie bhAratIya sAhitya ke lie yaha koI navIna tathya nahIM rhaa| paryavekSaNa karane se prAdhunika hindI sAhitya meM 'rasyavAda' zabda kA prayoga pAzcAtya sAhitya ke pragrejI zabda Mysticism ke rUpAntara ke rUpa meM prayukta hamA hai  /  isa (Mysticism) zabda kA prayoga bhI aMgrejI sAhitya meM san 1900 ke pAsa-pAsa prArambhika humA  / ' usakI racanA grIka bhASA ke Mystikes zabda se honI caahie| jisakA artha kisI guhya jJAna prApta karane ke lie sAdhanArata dIkSita ziSya hai| usa dIkSita ziSya dvArA vyakta udgAra athavA 1. Bonquet, A., C., Comparative Religion, Pelican Series 1953, P. 286, 2. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, P. 782 (sq. Mystic), Oxford, 1960 3. dekhiye, manandala kA hindI zabda koza.

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________________ sidhAnta ko rahasyavAda kahA gayA hai| isameM sAdhanA pradhAna hai aura anusUti vA sAkSAtkAra kI yajamA gamita hai| rahasyavAra ko paribhASA vAda zabda kI niSpatti vad dhAtu+dhA pratyaya = k +bha se huI hai| jisakA artha kathana hotA hai  /  uttarakAla meM isakA prayoga siddhAnta aura vicAradhArA ke saMdarbha meM hone lgaa| bhArambhavAda, pariNAmavAda, vivartavAda, anekAntabAra, vimAnabAda mAyAvAda mAdi aise hI prayoga haiN| jahAM vAda hotA hai, yahAM vivAda kI zrRMkhalA tayAra ho jAtI hai  /  prAtmasAkSAtkAra kI bhAvanA se kI gaI yoma-sAdhanA ke sAtha bhI yAda bulA bhora rahasya bAda kI paribhASA meM aneka rUpatA bAyI  /  isalie sAhityakAroM ne rahasya bhAvanA ko kahIM darzama padaka mAnA aura kahI sAdhanAparaka, kahIM bhAvAtmaka (premapradhAna) to kahIM prakRtikamUlaka, kahIM yogika to kahI abhivyaktimUlaka  /  paribhASAmoM kA yaha vaividhya sAdhakoM kI rahasyAnubhUti kI vividhatA para hI AdhArita rahA hai| itanA hI nahIM, kucha vidvAnoM ne to rahasya bhAvanA kA sambandha cetanA, saMvedana, manovRtti aura camatkAritA se bhI jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isalie mAjataka rahasyavAda ko paribhASA sarvasammata nahIM ho skii| rahasyavAda kI katipaya paribhASAyeM isa prakAra haiMbhAratIya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAkaH-- DaoN0 esa. rAdhAkRSNana ne sarma, adhyAtma pora rahasyavAda ke bIca sambandha banAte hue likhA hai ki pratyeka dharmoM meM bAhya vidhi-niSeSoM kA prAvadhAna rahatA hai jabaki AdhyAtmikatA sarvocca sattA ko samajhAne aura usase tAdAtmya sthApita karane tathA jIvana ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI ora saMketa karatI hai| mAdhyAtmikatA dharma aura aura usake antargata nihita tatva kA sAra hai aura rahasyavAda meM dharma ke isI pakSa para bala diyA gayA hai| DaoN. mahendranAtha sarakAra ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko dArzanika rUpa dete hue kahA hai ki rahasyavAda satya evaM vAstavika tathya taka pahuMcane kA eka aisA mAdhyama hai jise niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM tarkazUnya kahA jA sakatA hai| parantu DaoN. rAdhAkamala mukarjI ne rahasyavAda ko kalA batAte hue kahA hai ki vaha eka aisA sAdhana hai jisase sAdhaka mantaHyoga dvArA saMsAra ko prakhaNDa rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai| vAsudeva jaga. 1. 2. 3. Eastero Religion and Western Thoughts, P. 61 Mysticism in Bhaguad Gita, Calcutta, 1944 P. 1. Preface, Mysticism : Theory and Art, P. 12.

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________________ sAtha kItikAra ne rahasyavAda ko eka mAcAra pradhAna anuzAsana banAkara use Izvara se ekatA prApta karane kA eka sAdhana batAyA hai| pro. rAgaDe ke anusAra rahasyavAda antani ke dvArA paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kahA jA sakatA hai  /  mA0 rAmacandra zakla ke anusAra sAdhanA ke kSetra meM jo advaitavAda hai, kAvya ke kSetra meM vahI rahasyavAda hai| jayazaMkara prasAda ke anusAra kAvya meM prAtmA kI saMkalpAtmaka anubhUti kI mukhya dhArA kA nAma rahasyavAda batAyA hai| DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne rahasyavAda ko antahita pravRtti kA prakAzana batAte hue kahA hai-rahasyavAda jIvAtmA kI usa antahita pravRtti kA prakAzana hai jisameM vaha divya aura alauvika zakti se apanA zAnta aura nizchala sambandha jor3anA cAhatI hai paura yaha sambandha yahAM taka bar3ha jAtA hai ki donoM meM kucha bhI andara nahIM raha jaataa| prA0 parazurAma caturvedI ne rahasyavAda kI vyApakatA ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai-"rahasyavAda eka aisA jIvana darzana hai jisakA mUla AdhAra kisI vyakti ke lie usakI vizvAtmaka sattA kI pranirdiSTa vA nivizeSa ekatA vA paramAtma tatva kI pratyakSa evaM anivacanIya anubhUti meM nihita rahA karatA hai aura jisake anusAra kiye jAne vAle usake vyavahAra kA svarUpa svabhAvataH vizvajanIna evaM vikAsonmukha bhI ho sakatA hai| mahAdevI varmA-"rahasyAnubhUti meM buddhi ke jJeya ko hI hRdaya kA preya mAna letI haiN| DaoN. triguNAyata ke anusAra jaba sAdhaka bhAvanA ke sahAre prAdhyAtmika sattA kI rahasyamayI anubhUtiyoM ko vANI ke dvArA zabdamaya citroM meM sajAkara rakhane lagatA hai, tabhI sAhitya meM rahasyavAda kI sRSTi hotI hai  /  DaoN. premasAgara ne rahasyavAda ko prAtmA aura paramAtmA ke milana kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti kahA hai  /  DaoN0 kastUracanda kAmalIvAla prAdhyAtmikatA kI utkarSa sImA kA nAma rahasyavAda nizcita karate haiN| DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ke svara meM svara milAkara DaoN0 1. Studies in Vedanta, Boumbay. PP, 150-160 2. Mysticism in Maharashtra, PP. 1-12. 3. hindI kAvya meM rahasyavAda, prA0 rAmacandra zukla kAvya, kalA tathA anya nibandha-jayazaMkara prasAda 5. kabIra kA rahasyavAda, pR 6. 6. rahasyavAda, pR. 25. 7. mahAdevI kA vivecanAtmaka gadya, 10. kabIra kI vicAradhArA-DI0 triguNAyata, 11. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 476. 12. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 20. (prastAvanA)

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________________ rUpanArAyaNa pANDe ne rahaspavAda ko mAnava kI usa prAMtarika pravRtti kA prakAzana mAnA hai jisase vaha parama satya paramAtmA ke sAtha sIdhA pratyakSa sambandha jor3anA cAhatA hai| uparyukta paribhASAmoM ko samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para yaha patA calatA hai ki vidvAnoM ne rahasyavAda ko kisI eka hI dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA hai  /  kisI ne use samAjaparaka mAnA hai to kisI ne vicAraparaka, kisI ne anubhUvijanya mAnA hai to kisI ne usakI paribhASA ko vizuddha manovijJAna para AdhArita kiyA hai to kisI ne darzana para, kisI ne use jIvana darzana mAnA hai, to kisI ne use vyavahAra pradhAna batAyA hai| 2. pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM rahasyavAda M.G. R. Alliert Forges ne rahasyavAda ko Theology (IzvarIyazAstra) se sambaddha kara kahA hai ki ye donoM vidhAyeM vijJAnoM kI rAzI kahI jA sakatI hai  /  R. L. Nettleship ne yathArtha rahasyavAda ko anubhUtijanya pratIti kA ekAMza bodha svIkAra kiyA hai jo kisI adhika vastu kA pratIka mAtra hai-True mysticism is the consciousness that everything that we cxperience is an element and only an eliment in fact, i. e, that in being what it is, it is symbolic of some thing more. Walter T. Stace ne rahasyavAda ko cetanA se sambaddha kara use sensory intellectual conscious. ness kahA  /  phlIDara (Fleiderer) ne rahasyavAda kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti ko upasthita karate hue use pAtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekatva kA pratIka mAnA hai  /  yahAM unhoMne rahasyavAda kA dhArmika prathavA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA haiMysticism is the immediate feeling of the unity of the self with God; it is nothing but the fundamental feeling of religion. The religious life is at its very heart and centre." Pingle Panthison (piMgale pAdhijana) ne likhA hai--"rahasyavAda una mAnavIya prayatnoM se sambaddha hai jo carama satya ko grahaNa karane ke prayatna meM hotA hai 1. bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 349. 2. Mystical Phenomena, London, 1926, P.3 3. Mysticism in Keligion by Dr. M. R. Inge, New-York, P. 25. 4. The Teachings of the Mystics, Newyark, 1960, P. 238. 5. Mysticism in Religion by Dr. Dean Inge, P. 25

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________________ aura usa sarvocca sattA ke sAnnidhya se utpakSa eka mAnanda hotA hai| parama satya kA grahaNa rahasyavAda kA dArzanika pakSa hai aura sarvocca sattA ke sAtha milane ke mAnanda se utpanna anubhUti dhArmika pakSa hai  / " E. Caird ne rahasyavAda ko eka mAnasika pravRtti mAnA hai  /  jisameM prAtmA aura paramAtmA ke sabhI sambandha gAbhita ho jAte haiM | Caird ko yaha paribhASA rahasyavAda maura adhyAtmavAda ko eka mAnakara cala rahI hai  /  William James ne paribhASA ko diye binA hI yaha kahA hai ki usakI anubhUti vizuddhatama aura abhUtapUrva hotI hai aura vaha anubhUti prasaMprekSya hai| Von Hartman ne rahasyavAda kI vyApakatA aura paribhASA para vicAra karate hue use cetanA kA vaha tRptimaya bAMdha batalAyA hai jisameM vicAra, bhASA pora icchA kA anta ho jAtA hai tathA jahAM acetanatA se hI usakI cetanA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| prAyaH ye sabhI paribhASAyeM manodazA se vizeSa sambaddha haiN| unhoMne svAnubhUti ko kisI sAdhanA vizeSa se nahIM jodd'aa| Ku. Under Hill (kumArI aNDahila) ne rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko manovaijJAnika kSetra ke atirikta dArzanika kSetra kI aora lAkara khaDA kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki-"rahasyavAda tathya kI khoja viSayaka usa praNAlI kA munidiSTa rUpa hai jo utkRSTa evaM pUrNa jIvana ke lie kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai aura jise 1. Mysticism appears in connection with the endeavour of human-mind to grasp the devine essence or the ultimate reality of things and to enjoy the blessedsess of actual communion with the highest. The first is the philosophical side of mysticism. The Second is the religious side. God ceases to be an object and becomes an experience." My sticism in Religion by Inge, P. 25. 2. Mysticism is a religion in the most concentrated and exel usive form. It is that aptitude of mind in which all other relations are swallowed up in the relation of the soul of God." ibid. P. 25 3. The Varities of Religious Experience, a study in human nature, Longmans, 1929, P. 429. ___ bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 12 para uddhRta.

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________________ hamane aba taka mAnavIya cetanA kI eka sanAtana vizeSatA ke rUpa meM pAyA hai| eka anya sthAna para unhoMne rahasyavAda kI saMkSipta paribhASA dete hue use bhagavata satA ke sAtha ekatA sthApita karane kI kalA kahA hai, jisane kisI sImA taka isa ekatA ko prApta kara liyA hai athavA jo usameM vizvAsa rakhatA hai aura jisane isa ekatA kI siddhi ko apanA carama lakSya banA liyA hai|" yahAM vyakti evaM bhagavat sattA, donoM ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA donoM meM ekatA-sthApana kI sambhAbanA bhI kI gaI hai| prastu, aNDara hila vedAnta meM viziSTAdvaita kI bhAMti Izvara evaM jIva kI ekatA ko svIkAra karatI pratIta hotI haiM  /  Frank Gaynor ne use aura bhI spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai-'rahasyavAda darzana, siddhAnta, jJAna yA vizvAsa hai jo bhautika jagat kI apekSA prAtmA kI zakti para adhika kendrita rahatA hai  /  vizvajanIna prAtmA ke sAtha prArimaka saMyoga athavA bauddhika ekatva rahasyavAda kA lakSya hai| pAtmika satya kA sahaja jJAna aura bhAvAtmaka buddhi tathA aAtmika cintana anuzAsana ke vividha rUpoM ke mAdhyama se upasthita hotA hai  /  rahasya. vAda apane saralatama aura atyanta vAstavika artha meM eka prakAra kA dharma hai jo ki Izvara ke sAtha sambandha ke sajagabodha (awareness) aura IzvarIya upasthiti kI sIdhI aura ghaniSTha cetanA para bala detA hai  /  yaha dharma kI apanI tIvratama, gahanatama aura sabase adhika sajIva avasthA hai  /  sapUrNa rahasyavAda kA maulika vicAra hai ki jIvana maura jagat kA tatva vaha Atmika sAra hai, jisake antargata saba kucha hai aura jo prANimAtra ke antara meM sthita yaha vAstavika satya hai jo usake bAhya prAkAra prathavA kriyA kalApoM se sambandhita nahIM hai| w. E. Hocking ne rahasyavAda kI anya paribhASAoM kA khaNDana karate hue use dhArmika athavA prAdhyAtmika kSetra se sambaddha kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki rahasvavAda Izvara ke sAtha vyavahAra karane kA eka mArga hai| ise hama bhAvArtha meM eka sAdhanA vizeSa kaha sakate haiN| 2. Mysticism is seen to be a highly specialized form of that search for reality for heightened and completed life, which we have faund to be a, constant characteristic of human consciousness. Mysticism in Newyark. 1155,P.93 (Practical Mysticism by Vader hill. Practical Mysticism by Under Hill, P. 3, bhakti kAvya meM rahasyabAda, se uddhRta, pR. 13. Mysticism Dictionaries by Frank Gaynor; bhaktikAvya meM rahasyabAda, pR. 13 se udghaTa Mysticism is a way of dealing with God. New Haven, 1912, P. 3557 rahasyavAda-parasurAma se uddhRta, pR. 20. 4.

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________________ 68 pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA bhI prastuta kI gaI rahasyavAda kI ye paribhASAyeM kathaMcita hI sahI ho sakatI haiN| inameM prAyaH sabhI ne Izvara ke sAkSAtkAra ko rahasyavAda kA carama lakSya svIkAra kiyA hai aura use manodazA se jor3a rakhA hai| parantu jaina darzana isase pUrNataH sahamata nahIM ho sakegA  /  eka to jaina darzana meM Izvara ke usa svarUpa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA jo pAzcAtya darzanoM meM hai aura dUsare rahasyavAda kA sambandha mAtra manodazA se hI nahIM, vaha to vastutaH eka vizuddha sAdhana patha para prAcarita hokara prAtmasAkSAtkAra karane kA aikAntika mArga hai| Frank Gaynor kA yaha kathana ki use vizvajanIna prAtmA ke sAtha anAtmika saMyoga athavA atfar ekatva kA pratIka na hokara anubhUtijanya sahajAnanda kA pratIka mAnA jAnA cAhie, jahAM vyakti prAtmA ke azuddha svarUpa ko dUra karane meM juTA rahatA hai  /  Pringle Panthoison, Ku Under Hill prAdi vidvAnoM kI paribhASAtroM meM bhI AtmA aura paramAtmA ke milane ko pramukha sthAna diyA hai  /  yahAM bhI maiM sahamata nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki Izvara ko sabhI dharmoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA  /  ataH rahayavAda kI ye paribhASAyeM sArvabhaumika na hokara kisI pantha vizeSa se sambaddha hI mAnI jA sakeMgI  /  rahasyavAda kI paribhASA ko ekAgitA ke saMkIrNa dAyare se haTAkara use sarvAGgINa banAne kI dRSTi se hama isa prakAra paribhASA kara sakate haiM - rahasyabhAvanA eka aisA prAdhyAtmika sAdhana hai jisake mAdhyama se sAdhaka svAnubhUtipUrvaka zrAtmatatva se parama tatva meM lIna ho jAtA hai  /  yahI rahasyabhAvanA abhivyakti ke kSetra meM prAkara rahasyavAda kahI jA sakatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki adhyAtma kI caramotkarSAfvasthA kI bhAvAbhivyakti kA nAma rahasyavAda hai  /  isa artha kI puSTi meM hama pIche prAkRta jainAgama tathA dhavalA Adi ke uddharaNa prastuta kara cuke haiM  /  isa paribhASA meM hama rahasyavAda kI pramukha vizeSatAnoM ko isa prakAra prastuta kara sakate haiM- (1 ) rahasyabhAvanA eka prAdhyAtmika sAdhana hai  /  adhyAtma se tAtparya hai cintana  /  jaina darzana meM pramukhataH sAta tatva mAne jAte haiM-- jIva, prajIva, mAdhava, bandha, saMvara, nirjara aura mokSa  /  vyakti ina sAta tatvoM kA manana, cintana maura anupAlana karatA hai  /  sAdhaka samyak caritra kA paripAlana karatA huA samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI prArAdhanA karatA hai  /  yahAM samyagjJAna aura samyakcaritra sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye haiM  /  (2) rahasyabhAvanA kI anyatama vizeSatA hai svAnubhUti  /  binA svayaM kI pratyakSa manubhUti ke sAdhaka sAdhya kI prApti nahIM kara sakatA  /  isI ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM samyagdarzana kaha sakate haiN| anubhUti ke uparAnta hI zraddhA dRDhatara hotI

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________________ calI jAtI hai| yaha anubhUti bhAvAtmaka hotI hai aura yaha bhAvAtmaka anubhUti hI rahasvAda kA prANa hai| prAtmAnubhava se sAdhaka SaD-dravyoM ke astitva para bhalIbhAMti cintana karatA hai, zraddhA karatA hai, karma upAdhi se mukta ho jAtA hai, durgati ke viSAda se dUra ho jAtA hai tathA usakA citta samatA, sudhA rasa se bhara jAtA hai| anubhUti kI dAminI zIla rUpa zItala samIra ke bhItara se damakatI huI santApadAyaka bhAvoM ko vIrakara pragaTa hotI hai aura sahaja zAzvata mAnanda kI prApti kA sanmArga pradarzita karatI hai| batArasIdAsa ke guru rUpa paNDita rUpacanda kA to vizvAsa hai ki prAtmAnubhava se sArA moha rUpa sathana andherA naSTa ho jAtA hai  /  anekAnta kI cira nUtana kiraNoM kA svaccha prakAza phaila jAtA hai, sattArUpa anupama padmuta jJeyAkAra vikasita ho jAtA hai, mAnanda kanda amanda amUrta prAtmA meM mana basa jAtA hai tathA usa sukha ke sAmane anya sukha vAse se pratIta hone lagatI haiN| isalie ve anAdikAlIna avidyA ko sarvaprathama dUra karanA cAhate haiM tAki cetanA kA anubhava ghaTa ghaTa meM abhivyakta ho ske| kavivara thAnatarAya prAtmavimora hokara yahI kaha uThe-"prAtama anubhava karanA re bhaaii|" yaha prAtmAnubhava bhedavijJAna ke binA sambhava nahIM hotaa| nava pAyoM kA jJAna, vrata, tapa, saMyama kA paripAlana tathA mithyAtva kA vinAza apekSita hai  /  bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne anubhava ko zuddha-azuddha rUpa meM vibhAjita karake zuddhAnubhava ko upalabdha karane ke lie nivedana kiyA hai| yaha zuddhAnubhava rAga, dveSa, moha, mithyAtva tathA para padArthoM kI saMgati ko tyAgane, satyasvarUpa ko dhAraNa karane aura mAtmA (haMsa) ke svatva ko svIkAra karane se prApta hotA hai| isameM vItarAga bhakti, apramAda, samAdhi, viSayavAsanA mukti, tathA Sadavya-jJAna kA honA bhI pAvazyaka hai'  /  zuddhAnubhavI sAdhaka mAtmA ke niraMjana svarUpa ko sadaiva samIpa rakhatA 1. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya mora kavi, pR.5 2. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI pR. 6 3. vahI paramArtha hinDolanA, pR.5 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 36-37 5. vahI, pR. 111 6. brahmavilAsa, bhAta praSTottarI, 98. 7. vahI, 101

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________________ hai aura puNya-pApa ke bhedaka tattva se suparicita rahatA hai| eka sthAna para to yA bhagavatI dAsa ne anubhava kA artha samyagjJAna kiyA hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki kucha thor3e hI bhava (janma-maraNa) zeSa rahane para usakI prApti hotI hai| jo use prApta nahIM kara pAtA vaha saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai  /  kavivara bhUdharadAsa pAtmAnubhava kI prApti ke lie bhAgamAbhyAsa para adhika bala dete haiM  /  use unhoMne eka pUrva kalA tathA bhavadApahArI ghanasAra kI salAka mAnA hai| jIvana kI malpasthiti aura phira dvAdazAMga ko agAdhatA hamAre kalApremI ko cintita kara detI hai| ise dUra karane kA upAya unakI dRSTi meM eka hI hai-zrutAbhyAsa  /  yahI zrutAbhyAsa pAtmA kA parama cintaka hai  /  kavidhara dyAnatarAya bhI bhavavAdhA se dUra rahane kA sarvottama upAya prAtmAnubhava mAnate haiM  /  yAtmAnubhava karane vAlA sAdhaka pudgala ko vinAzIka mAnatA hai  /  usakA samatA-sukha svayaM me pragaTa rahatA hai| use kisI bhI prakAra kI duvidhA athavA bhrama zeSa nahIM rhtaa| bhedavijJAna ke mAdhyama se vaha sva-para kA nirNaya kara letA hai  /  dIpacanda kavi bhI prAtmAnubhUti ko mokSa prApti kA aisA sAdhana mAnate haiM jisame samyagdarzana-jJAna-caritra kI prArAdhanA kI jAtI hai  /  phalataH alaNDa aura macala jJAna-jyoti prakAzita hotI hai  /  DA. rAdhAkRSNana ne bhI isI ko rahasyavAda kahA hai  /  para unhone vicArAtmaka anubhUti ko darzana kA kSetra to banA diyA para usakA bhAvAtmaka anubhUti se koI sambandha svIkAra nahIM kiyA  /  ataH yahAM hama unake vicAro se sahamata nahIM ho skeNge| anubhUti meM bhAva yadyapi pradhAna aura mUla avazya hai para unakA nikaTa sambandha vicAra athavA darzana se bhI banA rahatA hai| binA vicAra aura darzana ke bhAvoM meM saghanatA nahI pA sktii| (3) mAtmatatva AdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA kendra hai  /  saMsaraNa kA mUla kAraNa hai-pAtma tattva para samyak vicAra kA prabhAva  /  prAtmA kA mUla svarUpa kyA hai ? aura vaha mohAdi vikAroM se kisa prakAra janmAntaroM meM bhaTakatA hai ? ityAdi se praznoM kA yahAM samAdhAna khojane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| 1. vahI, puNya pApajagamUla paccIsI, pR. 18 2. vahI, paramAtma zataka, pR. 29 3. jaina zataka, pR.91 4. adhyAtma padAvali, pR. 359 5. jJAnadarpaNa, 4, 45, 128-130 Adi 6. Heart of Hindustan (bhArata ko antarAsmA) anuvAdaka-vizvambharanAtha tripAThI, 1953, pR. 65

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________________ ii (4) paramapada meM lIna ho jAnA rahasyavAda kI pramukha abhivyakti hai  /  isameM free wear at salt pavitra avasthA taka pahuMca jAtA hai ki vaha svayaM paramAtmA bana jAtA hai  /  bAtmA aura paramAtmA kA ekAkAratva eka aisI avasthA hai jahAM aree samasta duHkhoM se vimukta hokara eka anirvacanIya zAzvata cidAnanda caitanya kA rasapAna karane lagatA hai| isI ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM hama nirvAraNa prathavA mokSa kahate haiM  /  mukta avasthA meM zrAtmA aura paramAtmA kA tAdAtmya ho jAtA hai  /  isI tAdAtmya ko samarasa kahA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM brAtmA aura paramAtmA kA yaha tAdAtmya akhaMDa brahma ke aMza ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA, bahAM to vikAroM se mukta hokara zrAtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai  /  isa sandarbha meM hama bhAge ke pradhyAna meM vizada vivecana karane kA prayatna kreNge| parantu yahAM itanA avazya kahanA cAhUMgI ki jaina dharma meM zrAtmA ke tIna svarUpa variNata haiM--bahirAtmA, antarAtmA bhIra paramAtmA  /  bahirAtmA mithyAdarzana ke kAraNa vizuddha nahIM ho pAtA  /  antarAtmA meM vizuddha hone kI kSamatA hai para vaha vizuddha abhI huprA nahIM tathA paramAtmA zrAtmA kA samasta karmoM se vimukta aura vizuddha svarUpa hai  /  prAtmA ke prathama do rUpoM ko sAdhaka aura antima rUpa ko sAdhya kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhaka anubhUti karane vAlA hai aura sAdhya anubhUti tattva | paramAtma svarUpa ko sakala prora niSkala ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai  /  sakala vaha hai jisake jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra dhAtiyA karmoM kA vinAza ho cukA ho aura zarIravAna ho  /  jaina paribhASA meM ise mahanta prathavA arhat kahA gayA hai| hindI sAhitya meM isI ko saguNa brahma kahA gayA gayA hai  /  AtmA kI niSkala avasthA vedanIya, Ayu, nAma, aura gotra ina cAra atiyA karmoM kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| bhaura AtmA nirdehI bana jAtA hai  /  isI ko hindI sAhitya meM nirguNa brahma kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| uttarakAlIna jana afraid mA ke sakala zraura niSkala avasthA kI bhAvavibhora hokara bhakti pradarzita kI hai aura bhakti bhAva meM pravAhita hokara dAmpatyamUlaka hetuka prema kA citraNa kiyA hai, jisameM AtmA paramAtmA se milane ke lie viraha meM tar3apatI hai, samarasa hone kA prayatna karatI hai  /  samarasa ho jAne para vaha usa anubhUtigata aAnanda aura cidAnanda caitanya rasa kA pAna karatI hai  /  ke pramukha tatva rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda strate or kSetra samma hai| usa prananta zakti ke srota ko khojanA sasIma zakti ke samma ke bAhara hai ataH saMsInatA se asImatA aura parama vizuddhatA taka

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________________ pahuMca jAnA tayA cidAnanda caitanya rasa kA pAna karanA sAdhaka kA mUla uddezya rahatA hai| isalie rahasyavAda kA prasthAna bindu saMsAra hai jahAM prAtyAkSika aura patrAtyAkSika sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai aura parama vizuddhAvasthA rUpa ko prApta karatA hai| vahAM pahuMcakara sApaka kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| aura usakA bhavacakra sadaiva ke lie samApta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kA mArga atyanta rahasya athavA guhya hai isalie sAdhaka meM viSaya ke prati jijJAsA aura prautsukya jitanA adhika jAmRta (jAgarita) hogA utanA hI usakA sAdhya samIpa hotA calA jaaygaa| rahasya ko samajhane aura anubhUti meM lAne ke lie nimnalikhita pramukha tatvoM kA bhASAra liyA jA sakatA hai 1. nijJAsA aura prautsukya  /  2. saMsAracakra meM bhramaNa karane vAle AtmA kA svarUpa  /  3. saMsAra kA svarUpa  /  4. saMsAra se mukta hone kA upAya (bheda vijJAna)  /  5. mukta avasthA kI parikalpanA (nirvaann)| inhIM tattvoM para prastuta prabandha meM Age vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| rahasyabhAvanA kA sAdhya, sAdhana aura sAdhaka rahasyabhAvanA kA pramukha sAdhya paramAtmapada kI prApti karanA hai jisake mUla sAdhana haiM--svAnubhUti aura bhedavijJAna  /  kisI viSaya vastu kA jaba kisI prakAra se sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai taba sAdhaka ke antaraMga meM tadviSayaka viziSTa anubhUti jAgarita ho jAtI hai| sAdhanA kI suptAvasthA meM carAcara jagata sAdhaka ko yathAvat dikhAI detA hai  /  usake prati usake mana me moha garmita pAkarSaNa bhI banA rahatA hai| para sAdhaka ke mana meM jaba rahasya kI yaha gutthi samajha meM A jAtI hai ki saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha prazAzvata hai, kSaNabhaMgura hai aura yaha sat-cit rUpa prAtmA usa padArtha se pRthak hai, ye kabhI hamAre nahIM ho sakate aura na hama kabhI ina padArthoM ke ho sakate haiM taba usake mana meM eka apUrva prAnandAbhUti hotI hai| ise hama jaina zAstrIya paribhASA meM 'bhedavijJAna' kaha sakate haiM  /  sAdhaka ko bhedavijJAna kI yathArtha anubhUti ho jAnA hI rahasyavAdI sAdhanA kA sAdhya kahA jA sakatA hai| vizva satya kA samucita prakAzana isI avasthA meM ho pAtA hai| bhedavijJAna kI pratIti kAlAntara meM dRr3hatara hotI calI jAtI hai aura prAtmA bhI usI rUpa meM parama vizuddha avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM pahuMcakara sAdhaka anirvacanIya anubhUti kA mAsvAdana karatA hai| pAtmA kI yaha avasthA zAzvata aura pistana sukhada hotI hai|

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________________ 13 rahasyavAdI kA yahI sAdhya hai| zAstrIya paribhASA meM ise hama 'nirvANa' kaha sakate haiM  /  sAdhya sadaiva rahasya kI sthiti meM rahatA hai| siddha ho jAne para phira vaha rahasyavAdI ke lie ajJAta athavA rahasya nahIM raha jAtA  /  sAdhaka ke lie vaha bhale hI rahasya banA rhe| isalie tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva, mahAvIra, rAma, kRSNa prAdi kI parama sthiti sAdhya hai  /  ise hama jJeya prathavA prameya bhI kaha sakate haiM  /  isa sAdhya, jJeya athavA prameya kI prApti meM jijJAsA mUla kAraNa hai  /  jijJAsA hI prameya athavA rahasya tattva ke prantastala taka pahuMcane kA prayatna karatI hai  /  sada sAdhya ke saMdarbha meM sAdhaka ke mana meM prazna, prati prazna uThate rahate haiM  /  'prathAto brahma jijJAsA' isI kA sUcaka hai  /  'neti neti' ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka kI rahasyabhAvanA pavitratama hotI jAtI hai aura vaha rahasya ke samIpa pahuMcatA calA jAtA hai  /  phira eka samaya vaha anirvacanIya sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai--'yato vAcA nivartante aprApya manasA saha  / ' yaha anubhUtiparaka jijJAsA hI abhivyakti ke kSetra meM kAvya banakara utaratI hai  /  isI kAvya ke mAdhyama se sahRdaya vyakti sAdhAraNIkaraNa prApta karatA hai aura zanaiH zanaiH sAdhya dazA taka bar3hatA calA jAtA hai  /  prataeva isa prakAra ke kAvya meM vyakta rahasyabhAvanA kI gahanatA bhaura saghanatA ko hI bathArtha me kAvya kI vidheyAvasthA kA kendra bindu samajhanA cAhie  /  parama guhya tatva rUpa rahasya bhAvanA ke vAstavika tathya taka pahuMcane ke lie sAdhaka ko kucha aise zAzvata sAdhanoM kA upayoga karanA par3atA hai jinake mAdhyama se vaha cirantana satya ko samajha sake  /  aise sAdhano meM mAtmA aura paramAtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa para cintana aura manana karatA vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM  /  jaina dharma meM to isI ko kendra bindu ke rUpa me pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| isI ko kucha vistAra se samajhAne ke lie vahAM samUce tatvoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA haijIva aura jIva  /  jIva kA artha grAtmA hai aura prajIva kA vizeSa sambandha una paudgalika karmoM se hai jinake kAraNa yaha bhrAtmA saMsAra me bArambAra janma grahaNa karatA rahatA hai  /  ina karmoM kA sambandha prAtmA se kaise hotA hai, isake lie mira utra bandha zabda prAye haiM tathA unase mrAtmA kaise vimukta hotA hai, isake lie saMvara aura nirjarA tatvoM ko rakhA gayA hai  /  mAtmA kA kama se sambandha jaba pUrNataH dUra ho jAtA hai jaba usakA vizuddha zrIra mUla rUpa sAmane ghAtA hai| isI ko mokSa kahA gayA hai  /  isa prakAra rahasya bhAvanA kA sIdhA sambandha jaina saMskRti meM ukta sapta tatvoM para nirbhara karatA hai  /  ina sapta tatvoM kI samucita vivecanA hI jaina granthoM kI mUla bhAvanA hai  /  AcAra zAstra aura vicAra zastra inhIM tatvoM kA vizleSaNA karate hue diI dete haiN| madhyAtmavAdI RSi maharSiyoM mora vidvAna mAtrAyoM ne rahasyabhAvanA

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________________ ko sAdhanA meM anubhUti ke sAtha vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| jisakA ullekha hama yathAspAna karate gaye haiN| "eka hi sadaviprAH bahudhA vadanti' ke anusAra eka hI parama satya ko vividha prakAra se anubhava meM lAte haiM aura use abhivyakta karate haiN| unakI rahasyAnubhUtiyoM ko dharAtala pavitra prAsmasAdhanA se maNDita rahatA hai  /  yahI sAdhaka tatvadI paura kavi banakara sAhitya jagat meM utaratA hai| usakA kAdhya bhAvasaundarya se nikharakara svAbhAvika bhASA meM nisRta hotA hai phira bhI pUrNa abhivyakti meM asamartha hokara vaha pratIkAtmaka iMga se bhI apanI rahasyabhAvanA ko vyakta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| usakI abhivyakti ke sAdhana svarUpa bhAva aura bhASA meM zraddhA, prema bhakti, upalambha, pazcAttApa, dAsyabhAva prAdi jaise bhAva samAhita hote haiN| sAdhaka kI dRSTi satsaMgati mora sadaguru mahimA kI ora AkRSTa hokara Atma sAdhanA ke mArga se paramAtmapada kI prApti kI ora mur3a jAtI hai| rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka pUre AtmavizvAsa ke sAtha prAtmazakti kA davasApUrvaka upayoga karatA hai| tadartha use kisI bAhya zakti kI bhI prArambhika avasthA meM AvazyakatA hotI hai jise vaha apane preraka tatva ke rUpa me sthira rakhatA hai| sAdhanA meM sthiratA aura prakarSatA lAne ke lie sAdhaka bhakti-jJAna aura karma ke samanvita rUpa kA prAzraya lekara sAdhya ko prApta karane kA lakSya banAtA hai  /  bhaktiparaka sAdhanA me zraddhA aura vizvAsa, jJAnaparaka sAdhanA meM tarka-vitarka kI pratiSThA aura karma paraka sAdhanA me yathAvidhi prAcAra-paripAlana hotA hai| jaina sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAdI sAdhaka bhakti, jJAna aura karma ko samAna rUpa se aMgIkAra karatA hai  /  dArzanika paribhASA meM ise kramazaH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA paripAlana kahA jA sakatA hai  /  sAdhanAvasthA meM ina tInoM kA samyaka milana nirvANa kI prApti ke lie apekSita hai| sAdhaka aura kavi kI rahasyabhAvanA meM kicit antara hai| sAdhaka rahasya kA svayaM sAkSAtkAra karatA hai para kavi usakI bhAvAtmaka bhAvanA karatA hai| yaha prAvazyaka nahIM ki yogI kavi nahI ho sakatA athavA kavi yogI nahIM ho sktaa| kAvya kA to sambandha bhAva se vizeSataH hotA hai aura sAdhaka kI rahasyAnubhUti bhI vahIM se jur3I huI hotI hai| ataH itihAsa ke panne isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki ukta donoM vyaktitva samarasa hokara prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA karate rahe haiM  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki yogI kavi humA hai aura kavi yogI huA hai  /  donoM ne rahasyabhAvanA ko bhAvAtmaka anubhUti ko apanA svara diyA hai  /  prastuta prabandha meM hamane ukta donoM vyaktitvoM kI pratibhA, pramubhUti aura sajagatA ko parakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isalie rahasyavAda ke sthAna para hamane

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________________ bhAvanA zabda ko pradhika upayukta mAnA hai  /  bhAvanA anubhUtiparaka hotI hai aura bAda kisI dharma, sampradAya athavA sAhitya se sambaddha hokara basImita ho jAtA hai  /  isa antara ke hote hue bhI rahasyabhAvanA kA sambandha antatogatvA cUMki kisI sAdhanA vizeSa se sambaddha rahatA hai isalie vaha bhI kAlAntara meM manuvRti ke mAdhyama se eka bAda bana jAtA hai| isalie 'rahasyavAda' lokapriya ho gayA  /  adhyAtmavAda aura darzana : jahAM taka adhyAtmavAda aura darzana ke sambandha kA prazna hai, vaha parasparAzrita hai | adhyAtmavAda yoga sAdhanA hai jo sAkSAtkAra karane kA eka sAdhana hai aura darzana usa yoga sAdhanA kA jauddhika' vivacana hai  /  adhyAtmavAda anubhUti para AdhArita hai jabaki darzana jJAna para prAdhArita hai  /  adhyAtmavAda tatva jJAna pradhAna hai aura darzana usakI paddhati aura vivecana karatA hai| isa prakAra darzana adhyAtmavAda se bhinna nahIM ho sakatA | adhyAtmavAda kI vyAkhyA aura vizleSaraNa darzana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI sambhava ho pAtA hai  /  dono ke antara ko samajhane ke lie hama darzana ke do bheda kara sakate haiM - prAdhyAtmika rahasyavAda aura dArzanika rahasyavAda  /  zradhyAtmika rahasyavAda AAcAra pradhAna hotA hai aura dArzanika rahasyabAda jJAnapradhAna  /  bhrataH mAcAra aura jJAna kI samanvayAvasthA hI saccA adhyAtmavAda athavA rahasyavAda hai  /  isalie hamane apane prabandha me jaina prAcAra aura jJAna mImAMsA ke mAdhyama se hI rahasyavAda ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai  /  rahasyavAda kisI na kisI siddhAnta athavA vicAra- pakSa para prAdhArita rahatA hai aura usa vicAra pakSa kA aTUTa sambandha jIvana-darzana se jur3A rahatA hai jo eka niyamita bhAcAra aura darzana para pratiSThita rahatA hai| sAdhaka usI ke mAdhyama se rahasya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| vahI rahasya jaba abhivyakti ke kSetra meM bhAtA hai to darzana bana jAtA hai  /  kAvya me anubhUti kI abhivyakti kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai aura usa abhivyakti me svabhAvataH zraddhA-bhakti kA bhASikya ho jAtA hai| dhIreutt urfazvAsa, rUr3iyAM, camatkAra, pratIka, maMtra-taMtra prAdi jaise tattva usase bar3hane para jur3ane lagate haiM  /  'dUsarI ora rahasyabhAvanA kI pratiSThA jaba tarka para dhAdhArita ho jAtI hai to usakA dArzanika pakSa prArambha ho jAtA hai| darzana ko na to jIvana se pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai aura na adhyAtma se  /  isI prakAra kAvya kA sambandha bhI darzana se bilkula tor3A nahIM jA sakatA  /  dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki pratyeka pradhyAtmavAdI athavA rahasyavAdI kAvya ke kSetra meM pAne para dArzanika sAhityakAra ho jAtA hai  /  yahIM usakI rahasya bhAvanA kI abhivyakti vividha rUpa se hotI hai  /  Adi kavi vAlmIki bhI kAlAntara meM dArzanika bana gaye  /  vedoM aura AgamoM ke rahasya kA udghATana karane vAle RSi maharSi bhI dArzanika' banane se nahIM baca sakeM  / 

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________________ vastutaH yahIM unake jIvanta-darzana kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai aura yahIM unake kati rUpa kA udghATana bhI  /  kAvya kI bhASA meM ise hama rahasyabhAvanA kA sAdhAraNakaraNa kaha sakate haiM  /  parama tatva kI guhyatA ko samajhane kA isase adhika macchA aura kauna-sA sAdhana ho sakatA hai ? rahasyavAra aura adhyAtmavAda: adhyAtma antastatva kI nizchala gatividhi kA rUpAntara hai| usakA sAdhya paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra aura usase ekarUpatA kI pratIti hai| yaha pratIti kisI na kisI sAdhanApatha prathavA dharma para prAdhArita hue binA sambhava nahIM  /  sAdhAraNataH vidvAnoM kA yaha mata hai ki dharma yA sampradAya ko rahasyavAda ke antargata nahIM rakhA jA sakatA kyoMki dharma yA sampradAya IzvarIya zAstra (Thelogy) ke sAtha jur3A rahatA hai  /  isameM viziSTa mAcAra, bAhya pUjana paddhati, sAmpradAyika vyavasthA Adi jaisI bAtoM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA hai jo rahasyavAda ke lie utane mAvazyaka nahIM  /  para yaha mata tathyasaMgata nahI  /  prathama to yaha ki IzvarIya zAstra kA sambandha pratyeka dharma prayavA sampradAya se usa rUpa meM nahIM jisa rUpa meM vaidika athavA IsAI dharma meM hai  /  jaina aura bauddha darzana meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA-hartA nahIM mAnA gayA  /  dUsarI bAta, bAhya pUjana paddhati, karmakANDa Adi kA sambandha bhI jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma ke mUla rUpoM meM nahIM miltaa| ye tattva to zraddhA aura bhakti ke vikAsa ke sUcaka haiM  /  ukta dharmoM kA mUla tattva to saMsaraNa ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara nirvANa kI prApti karanA hai  /  yahI mArga una dharmoM kA vAstavika AdhyAtma mArga hai| isI ko hama tattad dharmoM kA 'rahasya' bhI kaha sakate haiN| rahasyavAda aura darzana : yadyapi darzana ko antima pariNati adhyAtma meM hotI hai| para vyavahArataH adhyAtma aura darzana meM antara hotA hai| adhyAtma anubhUtiparaka hai jabaki darzana bauddhika cetanA kA dRSTA hai| pahale meM tatvajJAna para bala diyA jAtA hai jabaki dUsarA usakI paddhati bhaura vivecanA para dhUmatA rahatA hai  /  isalie rahasyabhAvanA kA vistAra vividha dArzanika paramparAmoM taka ho jAtA hai cAhe ve pratyakSavAdI hoM pathavA parokSavAdI  /  vaha eka jIvana paddhati se jur3a jAtI hai jo vyakti ko paramapada taka pahuMcA detI hai  /  prataeva rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda vyakti ke kriyAkalApa meM artha se lekara iti taka vyApta rahatA hai| 1, mAvArya parasurAma caturvedI, rahasyavAda, pRSTha, 9.

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________________ * rahasyavAda kA sambandha jaisA hama pahale kaha cuke haiM, kisI na kisI dharmadarzana-vizeSa se avazya rahegA  /  aisA lagatA hai, mabhI taka rahasgavAda kI vyAkhyA aura usakI paribhASA mAtra vaidika darzana aura saskRti ko mAnadaNDa mAnakara hI kI jAtI rahI hai  /  IsAI dharma bhI isa sImA se bAhara nahIM hai  /  ina dhamoM meM Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA mAdi svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura isIlie rahasyavAda ko usa mora adhika mur3a jAnA par3A  /  parantu jahAM taka zramaNa saMskRti aura darzana kA prazna hai vahAM to isa rUpa meM Izvara kA koI astisva hai hI nhiiN| vahAM to mAtmA hI paramAtmapada prApta kara tIrthakara athavA buddha bana sakatA hai| use apane andhakArAcchanna mArga ko prazasta karane ke lie eka pradIpa kI mAvazyakatA avazya rahatI hai jo use prAcIna bhAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa mArga para calakara prApta ho jAtA hai| rahasya bhAvAda hinA rahasyavAva ke prakAra : rahasya bhAvanA athavA rahasyavAda ke prakAra sAdhanAmoM ke prakAroM para pravalambita haiN| vizva meM jitanI sAdhanAyeM hoMgI, rahasyavAda ke bhI usane bheda hoNge| una bhedoM ke bhI prabheda mileNge| una saba bhedoM-prabhedoM ko dekhane para sAmAnyataH do bheda kiye jAte haiM- bhAvanAtmaka rahasyavAda aura sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda  /  bhAvanAsmaka rahasyavAda anubhUti para prAdhArita hai aura sAdhanAtmaka rahasyavAda samya prAcAra-vicAra yukta yogasAdhanA para  /  donoM kA lakSya eka hI hai| paramAtmapada athavA brahmajJAna kI prApti meM paramapada se vimukta prAtmA dvArA usakI prApti ke saMdarbha meM prema athavA dAmpatya bhAva TapakatA hai| abhivyakti kI asamarthatA hone para pratIkAtmaka rUpa meM apanA anubhava vyakta kiyA jAtA hai| yaugika sAdhanoM ko bhI vaha svIkAra karatA hai aura phira bhAvAveza meM prAkara anya mAdhyAtmika tathyoM kiMvA siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karane lagatA hai  /  ataH DaoN. triguNAyata ke svara meM hama apanA svara milAkara rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda ke nimna prakAra kaha sakate haiM 1. bhAvAtmaka yA prema pradhAna rahasya bhAvanA, 2. abhivyaktimUlaka athavA pratIkAtmaka rahasyabhAvanA, 3. prakRtimUlaka rahasya bhAvanA, 4. yaugika rahasya bhAvanA, aura 5. mAdhyAtmika rahasya bhaavnaa| rahasya bhAvanA ke ye sabhI prakAra bhAvanAtmaka aura sAdhanAtmaka rahasyabhAvanA ke antargata pA jAte haiN| unakI sAdhanA antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI. donoM hotI haiN| mantamukhI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka azuddhAtmA ke mUla svarUpa vizukhAtmA ko priyatama athavA priyatamA ke rUpa meM svIkArakara use yogAdi ke mAdhyama se khojane kA prayatna karatA hai tathA bahirmukhI sAdhanA meM vividha mAdhyAtmika tathyoM ko spaSTa

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________________ 78 karane kA prayatna karatA hai| jaina sAdhanA meM ye donoM prakAra kI sAdhanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM  /  vastutaH koI bhI rahasyabhAvanA bhAvanAtmaka aura sAdhanAtmaka kSetra se bAhara nahIM jA sakatI  /  rahasya bhAvanA kA sambandha carama tatva ko prApta karane se rahA hai aura carama Tea kA sambandha kisI eka dharma athavA yoga sAdhanA vizeSa se rahanA sambhava nahIM  /  isalie rahasyabhAvanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM sAdhaka kI vijJAsA aura usakA prAcarita sampradAya vizeSa mahatva rakhatA hai  /  sampradAyoM aura unake zrAcAroM kA vaibhinya sambha an: vicAroM ora sAdhanAoM meM vaiviSya sthApita kara detA hai| isalie sAdhAraNa taura para Aja jo vaha mAnyatA hai ki rahasya Ada kA sambandha bhAratIya sAdhanAoM meM mAtra vaidika sAdhanA se hI hai, bhrama mAtra hai  /  pratyeka sampradAya kA sAdhaka apane kisI na kisI prApta puruSa meM zradvaita tatva kI sthApanA karane kI dRSTi se unake hI dvArA nirdiSTa patha kA anugamana karatA hai aura alaukika svasaMvedya anubhavoM aura rahasyabhAvoM ko pratIka zrAdi mAdhyama se abhivyakta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki dhunika rahasyavAda kI paribhASA me bhI mata vaibhinya dekhA jAtA hai  /  isake bAvajUda adhikAMza sAdhanoM meM itanI samAnatA dikhAI detI hai ki jaise ve honAdhika rUpa se kisI eka hI sampradAya se sambaddha hoM  /  yaha asvAbhAvika bhI nahI, kyoMki pratyeka sAdhaka kA lakSya usa pradRSTa zakti vizeSa ko zrAtmasAta karanA hai  /  usakI prApti ke lie darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI triveNI-dhArA kA pavitra pravAha apekSita hai| rahasyavAda kI bhUmikA ina tInoM kI sundara saMgama-sthalI hai| parama satya yA paramAtmA ke AtmasAkSAtkAra ke svarUpa kA varNana sabhI sAdhaka eka jaisA nahIM kara sake kyoMki vaha anAdi, ananta aura sarvavyApaka hai, aura usakI prApti ke mArga bhI ananta haiM  /  ataH aneka kathanoM se use vyaMjita kiyA janA svAbhAvika hai  /  unameM jaina darzana ke syAdvAda aura pramekAntavAda ke anusAra kisI kA bhI kathana galata nahIM kahA jA sakatA  /  rahasyabhAvanA meM vaibhimya pAye jAne kA yahI kAraNa hai  /  sambhavataH padmAvata meM jAyalI ne nimna chanda se isI bhAva ko darzAyA hai"vidhanA ke mAraga haiM tete  /  saraga nakhata tana rauvAM jete  // " isa vaibhiya ke hote hue bhI sabhI kA lakSya eka hI rahA hai- parama satya kI prApti bora paramAtmA se bhAtmasAkSAtkAra  /  rahasya bhAvanA kivA rahasyavAda kI paramparA : vaivika rahasyabhAvanA - rahasya bhAvanA kI bhAratIya prArambha hotI hai  /  isa dRSTi se nAsadIya sUkta mora puraSa paramparA vaidika yuga se sUbata vizeSa mahatvapU

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________________ 10 haiN| nAsadIya sUkta meM eka RSi ke rahasyAtmaka anubhavoM kA varNana hai| tadanusAra sRSTi ke prArambha meM na sat thA na bhasat aura na prakAza thA  /  kisane kisake sukha ke lie prAvaraNa DAlA ? taba agAdha jala bhI kahAM thA ? na mRtyu yI na pramRta  /  na rAtri ko pahicAnA jA sakatA thA, na dina ko  /  vaha akelA hI apanI zakti se zvAsocchavAsa letA rahA isake pare kucha bhI na thA  /  'puruSasUkta' meM rahasyamaya brahma ke svarUpa kI to bar3I sundara kalpanA kI gayI haiN|" yahAM yajJa kI pramukhatA ke sAtha hI bahutaarara kA janma huA aura phira janamAnasa eka devatAvAda kI bhora mur3a gayA  /  upaniSad sAhitya meM yaha rahasya bhAvanA kucha aura adhika gaharAI ke sAtha kti huI hai| vedoM se upaniSadoM taka kI yAtrA meM brahma vidyApUrNa rahasyamayI aura bana cukI thI  /  use putra, zivya athavA prazAntacittavAn vyakti ko hI de kA nirdeza hai  /  jaratkAra aura yAjJavalka kA saMvAda bhI hamAre kathana ko puSTha karatA hai  /  kaThopaniSad meM prAtmA kI upalabdhi zrAtmA ke dvArA hI sambhava batAI gaI hai| vahAM usa prAtmajJAna ko na pravacana se, na meghA se aura na bahuzruta se prApta batAyA gayA hai  /  4 tarka se bhI vaha gabhya nahIM  / ' vaha to paramezvara kI bhakti aura svayaM ke sAkSAtkAra athavA anubhava se hI gamya hai  / " muNDakopaniSad kI parAvidyA yahI brahma four hai | yahI zreya hai  /  isI ko adhyAtmaniSTha kahA gayA hai  /  zravidyA ke prabhAva se pratyeka AtmA svayaM ko svatantra mAnatA hai parantu vastutaH vaidika rahasyavAdI vicAradhArA ke anusAra ve sabhI brahma ke hI aMza haiM  /  yahI brahma zaktizAlI aura sanAtana hai  /  yaha brahmavidyA avidyA se prApta nahI kI jA sakatI  /  paramAtma jJAna se hI yaha vidyA dUra ho sakatI hai  / " zvetAzvataropaniSad meM kaivalya prApti kI cAra sIr3hiyoM kA nirdezana kiyA gayA hai 18 1. Rgveda 10 129 1-2; bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 24. 2. vahI, 10.90.1. 3. vedAnte paramaM guhyaM purAkalpe pracoditam  /  nAprajJAntAya dAtavyaM nAputrAyAziSyAya vA punaH  /  /  zvetAzvatara 6.22. nAyamAtmA pravacanena labhyo na meghayA bahunA zrutena  /  yaveSa vRte tena labhyastasyaiSa bhAtmA vizrRNute tana svAm  //  kaThopa 1.2. 23, 5. 6. 7. 8. bI, 1. 2. 9. zvetAzvataropaniSad 6. 23 chAndogyopaniSad, 7. 1. 3. kaThopaniSad, 1.3.14. jJAtvA devaM sarvapAzApaTTAni: kSINaiH kleze janmamRtyu prahAriNaH  /  tasyAbhidhyAnAhRtIyaM dehameve vizvezvarya kevalaM prAptakAmaH  /  zve, pU. 1. 11

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________________ 1. yaugika sAdhanoM aura dhyAnayoga prakriyA ke mAdhyama se paramAtmA kA jJAna prApta honA athavA brahma kA sAkSAtkAra honA  /  2. brahma kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAne para sampUrNa klezoM kA dUra honA  /  3. klezakSaya pone para janma-mRtyu se mukta honA, paura 4. janma mRtyu se mukta hone para kaivalyAvasthA prApta honA  /  veda aura upaniSad ke bAda gItA, bhAgavat purANa, zANDilya bhakti sUtra mora nArada bhakti sUtra vaidika rahasyavAdI pravRttiyoM ke vikAsAtmaka sopAna kahe jA sakate haiM  /  'tasvamasi, soshaM, zrahaM brahmAsmi' jaise upaniSad ke vAkyoM meM prabhivyakta vicAradhArA uttarakAlIna saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya ko prabhAvita karatI huI mAge bar3hatI hai| siddha sampradAya bhaura nAtha sampradAya kA rahasyavAda yadyapi aspaSTasA rahA hai para usakA prabhAva bhaktikAlIna kavi kabIra, dAdU zrIra jAyasI para par3e binA na rahA  /  ye kavi nirguNavAdI bhakta rahe  /  saguNavAdI bhakti kaviyoM meM mIrA, sUra aura tulasI kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| inameM mIrA aura santa kaviyoM kI rahasya bhAvanA meM koI vizeSa prantara nahIM  /  tulasI kI rahasya bhAvanA meM dAmpatya bhAvanA utanI gaharAI taka nahIM pahuMca pAI jitanI jAyasI ke kavi meM milatI hai  /  rItikAla meM prAkara yaha rahasya bhAvanA zuSka-sI ho gii| Adhunika kAla meM prasAda, panta nirAlA aura mahAdevI jaisI kaviyoM meM avazya vaha prasphuTita hotI huI dikhAI detI hai jise AlocakoM ne rahasyavAda kahA hai  /  ata rahasya bhAvanA kiyA rahasyavAda : sAdhAraNataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki rahasyavAda vahIM ho sakatA hai jahAM Izvara kI mAnyatA hai  /  para yaha mata zramaNa saMskRti ke sAtha nahIM baiTha sakatA  /  jaina aura bauddha dharma veda aura Izvara ko nahIM mAnate  /  vaidika saMskRti kI kucha zAkhAoMoM ne bhI isa saMdarbha meM prazna cinha khar3e kiye hai| isake bAvajUda vahAM hama rahasya bhAvanA paryApta rUpa meM pAte haiM  /  ataH uparyukta mata ko vyApti ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA  /  bauddha darzana meM prAtmA ke astitva ko avyAkRta se lekara nirAtmavAda taka calanA par3A  /  Izvara ko bhI vahAM sRSTi kA kartA, hartA maura dhatA nahIM mAnA gayA  /  phira bhI punarjanma prathavA saMsaraNa se mukta hone ke lie vyakti ko samyagjJAna honA zrAvazyaka hai  /  usakI prApti ke lie prajJA, zIla 1. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa- DaoN. bhArgacandra jaina bhAskara, pR. 83-92. caturAyaM satya kA auaura samAdhi ye

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________________ R tIna sAdhana diye gaye hai| itara sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se vita (mAmA) antatogatvA duvasva kI prApti kara letA hai| pAne calakara mahAyAnI sAdhanA apekSAkRta adhika guSa bana gii| usane haTyoga pora tAMtrika sAdhanA ko bhI svIkAra kara liyaa| mahAyAna kA zUnyavAda pUrNa rahasyavAdI-sA bana jAtA hai  /  kabIra mAdi kaviyoM para bhI baukha dharma kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai  /  samUcI bauddha sAdhanA kA paryAlocana karane. para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhAtmA, citta athavA saMskAra ko buddhatva meM milA dene kI sAdhanA prakriyA ke rUpa meM rahasya bhAvanA bauddha sAdhakoM meM bhalI bhAMti rahI hai| jaina rahasya bhAvanA : sAdhAraNataH jaina dharma se rahasya bhAvanA athavA rahasyavAda kA sambandha sthA.pita karane para usake sAmane prAstika-nAstika hone kA prazna khar3A ho jAtA hai| paripUrNa jAnakArI ke binA jaina dharma ko kucha vidvAnoM ne nAstika darzanoM kI zreNI meM baiThA diyA hai  /  yaha prAzcarya kA viSaya hai  /  isI kalpanA para yaha mantavya vyakta kiyA jAtA hai ki jaina dharma rahasyavAdI ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha veda aura Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karatA  /  yahI mUla meM bhUla hai  /  prAcIna kAla meM jaba vaidika saMskRti kA prAbalya thA, usa samaya nAstika kI paribhASA veda-nindaka ke rUpa meM nizcita kara dI gii| paribhASA ke isa nirdhAraNa meM tatkAlIna paristhiti kA vizeSa hAtha thaa| vedanindaka athavA Izvara sRSTi kA kartA, hartA, dhartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karane vAle sampradAyoM meM pramukha sampradAya the jaina aura bauddha  /  isalie unako nAstika kaha diyA  /  itanA hI nahIM, nirIzvaravAdI mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya jaise vaidika bhI nAstika kahe jAne lge| siddhAntataH nAstika kI yaha paribhASA nintAnta prasaMgata hai| nAstika aura pAstika kI paribhASA vastutaH pAralaukika astitva kI svIkRti aura bhasvIkRti para nirbhara karatI hai| mAtmA aura pAraloka ke astitva ko svIkAra karane vAlA mAstika aura use asvIkAra karane vAlA nAstika kahA jAnA cAhie thaa| pANinisUtra 'asti nAsti diSTaM matiH' (4-4-60) se bhI yaha bAta puSTa ho jAtI hai  /  jaina saMskRti ke anusAra prAtmA apanI vizuddhatama avasthA meM svayaM hI paramAtmA kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai  /  daihika aura mAnasika vikAroM se vaha dUra hokara paramapada ko prApta kara letI hai| isa prakAra yahAM svarga, naraka, mokSa prAdi kI vyavasthA svayaM ke karmoM para bhASArita hai| ata: jaina darzana kI gaNanA nAstika darzanoM meM karanA nitAnta masaMgata hai| jaina rahasyabhAvanA bhI zramaNa saMskRti ke antargata pAtI hai| bauddha sAdhanAne jaina sAdhanA se bhI bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina sAdhakoM ne mAtmA ko kendra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yahI mAtmA jaba taka saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA cakkara

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________________ 82 lagAtA hai, use vizuddha prathavA vimukta kahA jAtA hai  /  mAtmA kI isI vizuddhAvasthA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai| paramAtma pada kI prApti sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna ke hone para hI hotI hai  /  bhedavijJAna kI prApti mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna praura mithyAcAritra ke sthAna para samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke samanvita zrAcaraNa se ho pAtI hai| isa prakAra zrAtmA dvArA paramAtmapada kI prApti hI jaMna rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti hai  /  prAge ke adhyAyoM meM hama isI kA vizleSaNa kareMge  /  yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki rahasyabhAvanA mAne ke lie svAnubhUti kA honA souravre hai| anubhUti kA artha hai anubhava  /  banArasIdAsa ne zuddha nizcayanaya, zuddha orahAranaya aura prAtmAnubhava ko mukti kA mArga batAyA hai| unhoMne anubhava kA artha batAte hue kahA hai ki prAtmapadArtha kA vicAra praura dhyAna karane se cita ko jo zAnti milatI hai tathA prAtmika rasa kA AsvAdana karane se jo zrAnanda milatA hai, usI ko anubhava kahA jAtA hai  /  vastu vicArata ghyAva teM, mana pArva vizrAma  /  rasasvAdana rasa UpajaM, anubhau yAko nAma  //  kavi banArasIdAsa ne isa anubhava ko cintAmaNiratna, zAnti rasa kA kUra, mukti kA mArga aura mukti kA svarUpa mAnA hai  /  isI kA vizleSaNa karate hue zrAge unhone kahA hai ki anubhava ke rasa ko jagata ke jJAnI loga rasAyana kahate haiM  /  isakA zrAnanda kAmadhenu citrAvelI ke samAna  /  isakA svAda paMcAmRta bhojana ke samAna hai  /  yaha karmo kA kSaya karatA hai aura paramapada se prema jor3atA hai| isake samAna anya dharma nahI hai  /  anubhau cintAmariNa ratana, anubhava hai rasakRpa  /  anubhau mAraga mokha ko, anubhava mokha svarUpa  //  18  //  anubhau ke rasa so rasAyana kahata jaga  /  anubhau zrabhyAsayahu tIratha kI Thaura hai  //  anubhI kI jo rasA kahAve soI porasA su  /  anubhau aghorasAsoM Uradha kI daura hai  /  abhI kI keli yahai, kAmadhenu citrAvelI | anubhI ko svAda paMca amRta ko kaura hai  /  anubho karama toraM parama sau prIti jore  /  pranubho samAna na gharama kauU aura hai  //  19  //  * 1. 1. vahI, 18-19  //  nATaka samayasAra, 17.

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________________ macanda pAne meM isa manuvRti ko prArama brahma kI anubhUti kahakara use divyoSa kI prApti kA sAdhana batAyA hai| vatana isI se ananta darzana-zAna-sukhavIrya prApta karatA hai aura svataH usakA sAmAtkAraphara 'cidAnanda caitanya kA rasapAna karatA hai anubhI abhyAsa meM nivAsa suSa cetana ko, manubhI sarUpa sudha boSa ko prakAza hai  /  manubho apAra uparahata ananta jJAna; anubhau bhanIta tyAga jJAna sukharAsa hai| anubhI mapAra sAra prApa hI ko pApa bAna, pApa hI meM vyApta dIsa jAmeM jar3a nAsa hai  /  anubhau prarUpa hai sarUpa cidAnanda canda, anubho pratIta pATha karma syau prakAsa hai  // -12 jisa prakAra vaidika saMskRti meM brahmavAda athavA prAtmavAda ko adhyAtmaniSTha mAnA hai usI prakAra jana saMskRti meM bhI rahasyavAda ko AdhyAtmavAda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paM. mAzAdhara ne apane yoga viSayaka anya ko 'adhyAtmarahasya' ullikhita kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainAcArya adhyAtma ko rahasya mAnate the  /  ataH mAja ke rahasyavAda ko adhyAtmavAda kahA jA sakatA haiN| banArasIdAsa ne isa adhyAtma yA rahasya kI abhivyakti ke mAdhyama ko adhyAtma zailI nAma diyA  /  tIrthakara, cakravartI bhAdi jaise sAdhakoM ne isI kA anubhava kiyA hai aura isI ko apanI abhivyakti kA sAdhana apanAyA hai isa hI surasa ke saSAdI bhaye te to sunI, tIrthakara cakravartI zailI adhyAtma kI  /  bala vAsudeva prati vAsudeva vidhApara, cAraNa munindra indra chedI buddhi bhrama kI  //  adhyAtmavAda kA tAtparya hai pAtma cintana  /  prAtmA ke do bhAva hai-bhAgamarUpa aura madhyAtmarUpa  /  mAgama kA tAtparya hai vastu kA svabhAva aura adhyAtma kA tAtparya prAtmA kA adhikAra arthAt prArama dravya  /  saMsAra meM jIva ke do bhAva vidyamAna rahate haiM-pAgama rUpa karma paddhati aura adhyAtmarUpa zuddhacetana padati  /  karma paddhati meM dravyarUpa aura bhAvarUpa karma pAte haiN| dravyarUpa karma pudgala pariNAma kahalAte haiM aura bhAvarUpa karma pudgalAkAra mAtmA kI azuddha pariNati pariNAma kahalAte haiM  /  zuddha cetanA pati kA tAtparya hai zukhAtma pariNAma vaha bhI dravya rUpa aura bhAva rUpa do prakAra 1. adhyAtmasarvayA, pR. 1. 2. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavANI, pR. 8.

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________________ 84. kA hai|dvy rUpa pariNAma yaha hai jise hama jIva kahate haiM aura bhAva pa pariNAma meM ananta catuSTaya, manantajJAna, darzana, sukha mora vIrya kI prApti mAnI jAtI hai| isa prakAra madhyAtma se sIdhA sambandha mAtmA kA hai| adhyAtma zailI kA mUla uddezya mAtmA ko karmajAla se mukta karanA hai| pramAda ke kAraNa vyakti upadezAdi to detA hai| para svayaM kA hita nahIM kara paataa| vaha vaisA hI rahatA hai jaisA dUsaroM ke paMkayukta paroM ko dhone vAlA svayaM apane pairoM ko nahIM hotaa| yahI bAta kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne adhyAtma zailI kI viparIta rIti ko bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai  /  isa adhyAtma zailI ko jJAtA sAdhaka kI sudRSTi hI samajha pAtI hai madhyAtama zailI anya zailI ko vicAra taso, zAtA ko sudRSTimAMhi lage eto antro|| eka aura rUpaka ke mAdhyama se kavivara ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki jinavANI ko samajhane ke lie sumati aura pAtmajJAna kA anubhava Avazyaka hai  /  samyak viveka aura vicAra se miSyAjJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| zukladhyAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai, aura AtmA madhyAtma zailI ke mAdhyama se mokSarUpI prAsAda meM praveza kara jAtA hai| jinavANI dugdha mAMhi  /  vijayA sumati hAra, nijasvAda kaMda vRnda pahala pahala meM  /  'mithyAsophI' miTi gaye jJAna kI mahala meM  /  'zIranI' zukla dhyAna anahada nAda' tAna, 'gAna' guNamAna kare sujasa sahala meM  /  'bAnArasIdAsa' madhyanAyaka sabhA samUha, adhyAtma zailI calI mokSa ke mahala meM  //  banArasIdAsa ko adhyAtma ke binA parama puruSa kA rUpa hI nahIM dikhAI detaa| usakI mahimA agama aura anupama hai  /  vasanta kA rUpaka lekara kavivara ne pUrA adhyAtama phAga likhA hai  /  sumati rUpI kokilA madhura saMgIta gA rahI hai| mithyAzrama rUpI kuharA naSTa ho gayA hai  /  mAyA rUpI rajanI kA sthitikAla kama ho gayA, mohapaMka 1. vahI, pR. 210. 2. banArasI vilAsa : zAnavAvanI, pR. 29. 1. vahI, pRSTha, 13. 4. vahI, pRSTha, 38. 5. vahI, pRSTha, 45.

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________________ mazubha ghaTa gayA, saMzaya rUpI zivira samApta ho gayA, zubha-dala-pallava lahalahA par3e, patajhara prArambha ho gaI, viSayarani- mAlatI malina ho gaI, virati-veli phaila gaI, viveka zafe nirmala huA, grAtma zakti-sucandrikA vistRta huI, surati pragni jvAlA jAga uThI, samyaktva- sUrya udita ho gayA, hRdaya kamala vikasita ho gayA, kaSAyahimagirI gala gayA, nirjarA nadI meM pravAha nA gayA, dhAraNA-dhArA ziva-sAgara kI bhora vaha calI, naya paMkti carcarI ke sAtha jJAnadhyAna- Dapha kA tAla bajA, sAdhanApicakArI calI, saMvarabhAva-gulAla ur3A, dayA-miThAI, tapa mevA, zIla- jala, saMyamatAmbUla kA sevana huA, parama jyoti pragaTa huI, holikA meM bhAga lagI, bhATha kAThakarma jalakara bujha gaye aura vizuddhAvasthA prApta ho gaI  /  useremarasika banArasIdAsa prAdi mahAnubhAvoM ke uparyukta gambhIra vivecana se yaha bAta chipI nahI rahI ki unhone pradhyAtmavAda aura rahasyavAda ko eka mAnA hai  /  dono kA kA prasthAna bindu, lakSya prApti tathA usake sAdhana samAna haiN| donoM zAnta rasa ke pravAhaka haiM  /  ataH hamane yahAM donoM ko samAna mAnakara yAtrA kI hai| 85 "gUMge kA sA gur3a " kI isa rahasyanubhUti meM tarka prapratiSThita ho jAtA hai-'kahata kabIra taraka dui sAthai tinako mati hai moTI' aura vAda-vivAda kI prora se mana dUra hokara bhagavad bhakti meM lIna ho jAtA hai| usakI anubhUti sAdhaka kI zrAtmA hI kara sakatI hai  /  rUpacanda ne isI ko 'cetana anubhava ghaTa pratimAsyoM,' 'cetana anubhava ghana mana mInoM prAdi zabdo se abhivyakta kiyA hai  /  santa sundaradAsa ne brahma sAkSAtkAra kA sAdhana anubhava ko hI mAnA hai  /  4 banArasIdAsa ke samAna hI santa sundaradAsa ne bhI usake mAnanda ko 'anirvacanIya' kahA hai| unhoMne use sAkSAt jJAna aura pralaya kI agni mAnA hai jisameM sabhI dvaita, dvanda ghaura prapaMca vilIna ho jAte haiM  /  1. 2. banArasI vilAsa : adhyAtma phAga, pR. 1 - 18. vAda-vivAda kAhU so nahIM mAMhi, jagata the nyArA, dAdUdayAla kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 29. 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 36-37. 4. prabhubhava binA nahi jAna sake nirasandha nirantara nUra hai re  /  upamA usakI aba kauna kahe nahiM sundara candana sUra hai re || santa sudhAsAgara, T. 586. santa caranadAsa kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 45. 5. 6. sundara vilAsa, pR. 164.

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________________ 86 pAhi kabIra ne use 'pAnaM pe bhAva" tathA sundaradAsa ne 'ma jAne' svIkAra kiyA hai| bhaiyA bhavatIdAsa ne isI ko zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kahA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne paMcAmRta pAna ko bhI anubhava ke samakSa tuccha mAnA hai aura isalie unhoMne kaha diyA- 'pranubhau samAna gharama koka ghora na* anubhava ke AdhAra stambha jJAna, zraddhA aura samatA Adi jaise guNa hote haiN| kabIra aura sundaradAsa jaise santa bhI zraddhA kI mAvazyakatA para bala dete haiM  /  isa prakAra adhyAtma kivAM rahasya sAdhanA meM jaina aura jainaMtara sAdhakoM ne samAna rUpa se svAnubhUti kI prakarSatA para bala diyA hai  /  isa anubhUtikAla meM prAtmA ko paramAtmA athavA brahma ke sAtha ekAkAratA kI pratIti hone lagatI hai  /  yahIM samatA aura samarasatA kA bhAva jAgarita hotA hai  /  isake lie santoM aura prAcAryoM ko zAstra aura grAmoM kI apekSA svAnubhUti aura cintanazIlatA kA prAdhAra adhika rahatA hai| DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA ne santoM ke sandarbha me sahI likhA hai- ye tatva' sIdhe zAstra se nahI prAye, varan mazatAbdiyoM kI anubhUti tulA para tulA kara, mahAtmAyoM ke vyAvahArika jJAna kI kasauTI para kase jAkara, satsaMga aura guru ke upadezoM se saMgrahIta hue  /  yaha darzana svAjita anubhUti hai| jaise sahasroM puSpoM kI sugandhi madhu kI eka buMda meM samAhita hai, kisI eka phUla kI sugandhita madhu meM nahIM hai, usa madhu nirmANa ke bhramara me aneka puNya tIrthoM kI yAtrAyeM sanniviSTa hai  /  aneka puSpoM kI kyAriyAM madhu ke eka-eka karaNa meM nivAsa karatI karatI haiM, usI prakAra santa sampradAya kA darzana aneka yugoM aura sAdhakoM kI anubhUtiyoM kA samuccaya hai 18 * jaiba aura janetara rahasya bhAvanA meM antara uparyukta sakSipta vivecanA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jaina mora jainetara rahasya bhAvanA me nimnalikhita antara hai (1) jaina rahasya bhAvanA zrAtmA aura paramAtmA ke milane kI bAta avazya karatA hai para vahA prAtmA se paramAtmA mUlataH pRthak nahI  /  mrAtmA kI vizuddhAvasthA nate granthAvalI, pR. 318 sundara vilAsa, g. 159. 1. 2. 3. brahmavilAsa zata praSTotarI, pR. 98. 4. pR. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 19, banArasI vilAsa, jJAnabAvalI 14. 5. 6. DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA manuzIlana, pR. 77.

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________________ ko hI paramAtmA kahA jAtA hai jabaki anya sAdhanAmoM meM anta taka mAramA paura paramAtmA donoM pRthaka rahate haiN| prAtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekAkAra hone para bhI mAramA paramAtmA nahIM bana pAtA  /  jaina sAdhanA ananta mAsmAmoM ke astitva ko mAnatA hai para netara sAdhanAmoM meM pratyeka prAtmA ko paramAtmA kA maMza mAnA gayA hai| (2) jana rahasya bhAvanA meM Izvara ko sukha-duHkha dAtA nahIM mAnA gyaa| vahA~ tIrthakara kI parikalpanA milatI hai jo pUrNataH vItarAgI paura prApta hai| prataH use prasAda-dAyaka nahIM mAnA gayA  /  vaha to mAtra dIpaka ke rUpa meM patha-darzaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai  /  uttarakAla meM bhakti Andolana hue aura unakA prabhAva jaina sAdhanA para bhI par3A  /  phalataH unheM bhaktivaza duHkhahAraka paura sukhadAyaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| premAbhivyakti bhI huI hai para usame bhI vItarAgatA ke bhAva adhika nihita haiN| (3) jaina sAdhanA ahiMsA para pratiSThita hai| ataH usakI rahasya bhAvanA bhI ahiMsA mUlaka rahI  /  SaTcakra, kuNDalinI mAdi jaisI tAntrika sAdhanAmoM kA jora utanA adhika nahIM ho pAyA jitanA anya sAdhanAo me humaa| (4) jaina rahasya bhAvanA kA hara pakSa samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra ke samanvita rUpa para AdhArita hai| (5) sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna usakA kendra hai| (6) pratyeka vicAra nizcaya pora vyavahAra naya para AdhArita hai| jaina aura jainetara rahasya bhAvanA meM antara samajhAne ke bAda hamAre sAmane jaina sAdhako kI eka lambI paramparA A jAtI hai  /  unakI sAdhanA ko hama mAdikAla madhyakAla aura uttarakAla ke rUpa meM vibhAjita kara sakata hai| ina kAlo me jaina sAdhanA kA Rmika vikAsa bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| ise sakSepa meM hamane prastuta prabandha kI bhUmikA meM upasthita kiyA hai  /  ataH yahAM isa sandarbha me adhika likhanA upayukta nahIM homA  /  basa itanA kahanA paryApta hogA ki jena rahasya bhAvanA tIrthakara RSabhadeva se prArambha hokara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra taka pahuMcI, mahAvIra se bhAcArya kundakunda, umA svAmI, samantabhadra, siddhasena divAkara, muni kAtikeya, prakalaMka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcanda, muni yogendu, muni rAmasiMha, mAnandatilaka, banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, mAnandadhana, bhUSaradAsa, thAnatarAya, daulatarAma mAdi jaina rahasya sAdhakoM ke mAdhyama se rahasya bhAvanA kA uttarottara vikAsa hotA gyaa| para yaha vikAsa apane mUla svarUpa se utanA adhika dUra nahIM humA jitanA bauddha sAdhanA kA vikAsa  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki jana rahasya sAdhanA ne janetara rahasya sAdhanAmoM ko paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| isakI tulanAtmaka adhyayana madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya se kiyA jAnA abhI zeSa hai  /  isa adhyayana ke bAda vizvAsa hai, rahasyavAda kiyA isya bhAvanA ke kSetra meM eka nayA mAnadaNDa prasthApita ho skegaa|

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________________ anta meM yahAM yaha kaha denA bhI bhAvazyaka hai ki chAyAvAda mUlataH eka sAhityika prAndolana rahA hai jabaki rahasyavAda kI paramparA bhAra paramparA rahI hai  /  isalie rahasyavAda chAyAvAda ko apane sukomala aMga meM sahajabhAva se bhara letA hai| phalataH hindI-sAhitya ke samIkSako ne yatra-tatra rahasyavAda aura chAyAvAda ko eka hI tulA para taulane kA upakrama kiyA hai  /  vastutaH eka prasIma hai, sUkSma hai, amUrta hai jabaki dUsarA sasIma hai, sthUla hai maura mUrta hai  /  rahasya bhAvanA meM saguNa sAkAra bhakti se nirguNa nirAkAra bhakti taka sAdhaka sAdhanA karatA hai| para chAyAvAda meM isa sUkSmatA ke darzana nahIM hote  /  mAnavatAvAda aura sarvodayavAda ko bhI rahasyavAda kA paryAyArthaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA  /  rahasyavAda prAtmaparaka hai jabaki mAnavatAvAda maura sarvodayavAda samAjaparaka hai| rahasyavAda vastutaH eka kAvyadhArA hai jisameM kAvya kI mUla prAtmA anubhUti pratiSThita rahatI hai  /  rahasya zabda mUDha, guhya, ekAnta artha meM prayukta hotA hai| prAcArya mAnandavardhana ne dhvani tatva ko kAvya kA 'upaniSad' kahA hai| jise dArzanika dRSTi se rahasya kahA jA sakatA hai aura kAvya kI dRSTi se 'rasa' mAnA jA sakatA hai| rasa kA sambandha bhAvAnubhUti se hai jo vAsanAtmaka (cittavRsirUpAtmaka) athavA mAsvA. dAtmaka hotI hai| rahasya kI anubhUti jJAtA-jeya-jJAna kI anubhUti hai| kavi isa rahasya kI anubhUti ko tanmayatA se jor3a letA hai jahAM rasa-sacaraNa hone lagatA hai| yaha anubhUti prAtmaparaka hotI hai, bhAvanA mUlaka hotI hai| bhAvanA zabda kA prayoga jaina darzana me anucintana, dhyAna anuprekSaNa ke prarSa mehamA hai  /  vedAnta me isI ko nididhyAsana mAnA hai| vyAkaraNa meM bhAvanA ko 'jyApAra' kA paryayArthaka kahA hai  /  bhaTTanAyaka isI ko bhAvakatva athavA sAdhAraNIkaraNa ke rUpa me svIkAra karate haiN| yahI rasAnubhUti hai jo sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vyApta ho jAtI hai  /  bhAvanA ke abhAva meM pabhivyakti kisI bhI paristhiti meM saMbhava mahI hai| isalie kavi ke lie bhAvanA eka sAdhana kA kAma karatI hai| prAdhyA. tmika tAva dRSTA rahasya kI sAkSAt bhAvanA karatA hai jabaki kavi usakI bhAvAtmaka manubhUti karatA hai  /  jaina sApaka adhyAtmika kavi hue haiM jinameM rahasya bhAvanA kA saMcAra donoM rUpo meM humA hai  /  unakA sthAyI bhAva vairAgya rahA hai| aura ve zAntarasa ke pujArI mAne jAte hai| 1. dhvaneH svarUpaM sakala-satkavi kAvyopaniSad bhUtam-vanyAloka, 1.1. 2. vaiyAkaraNa bhUSaNasAra, 106. 3. kAvya prakAza, tRtIya ullAsa, rasaniSpatti, 4. kAvya meM rahasyavAda, DaoN. babUlAla avasthI, prathama, kAnapura 1965.

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________________ 89 . vAda ke jAla meM phaMsakara yaha rahasya bhAvanA rahasyavAda ke rUpa meM mAdhunika sAhitya meM prasphuTita huI hai| isakA vAstavika sambandha padhyAtmavidyA se hai jo pAtma paraka hotI hai| antaH sAkSAtkAra kendrIya tattva hai  /  anubhUti usakA sAdhana hai  /  mokSa usakA sAdhya hai jahAM pAtmajJAna ke mAdhyama se jina tattva pora mahaMtatva meM mata bhAva paidA ho jAtA hai| jaina kavi vAda ke pacar3e meM nahIM rahe the to rahasya bhAvanA taka hI sImita rahe haiM  /  isalie hamane yahA~ darzana aura kAvya kI samanvayAtmakatA ko mAdhAra mAnA hai jahAM sAdhakoM ne samarasa hokara apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti prastuta kI hai| ye sAdhaka pahale haiM, kavi vAda meM haiN| jahAM kahIM dArzanika kavi aura sAdhaka kA rUpa eka sAtha bhI dikhAI de jAtA hai  /  vAda zailI kA ghotaka hai aura bhAvanA anubhUti paraka hai| jaina kavi bhAvAnubhUti meM adhika juTe rahe haiM  /  isalie hamane yahA~ 'rahasyavAda' ke sthAna para rahasya bhAvanA ko hI adhika upayukta mAnA hai| rahasya bhAvanA ke vivecana ke kAraNa rahasyavAda kA kAvyapakSa bhI hamAre adhyayana kI paridhi se bAhara ho gayA hai| 1. jo jiNa so harDa, so ji huU, ehaDa bhAu bhintu joiyA, ugNu Natantu emantu mokyaho kAraNi-paramAtmA sAra

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________________ paMcama parivarta rahasyabhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattva - - - - rahasya-bhAvanA kA caramotkarSa brahmasAkSAtkAra hai| sAhitya meM isa brahmasAkSAtkAra ko paramArtha prApti, prAtma-sAkSAtkAra paramapada prApti, parama satya, pajara-amara pada mAdi nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai  /  isameM prAtma cintana ko rahasyabhAvanA kA kendra bindu mAnA gayA hai| prAtmA hI sAdhanA ke mAdhyama se svAnubhUtipUrvaka apane mUla rUpa paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai  /  isa sthiti taka pahuMcane ke lie use eka lambI yAtrA karanI par3atI hai  /  sarvaprathama use svayaM meM vidyamAna rAga-dveSa-mohAdika vikAro ko vinaSTa karanA par3atA hai| ye hI vikAra saMsArI ko janma-maraNa ke duHkha sAgara me DubAye rahate hai  /  inako dUra kiye binA na sAdhanA kA sAdhya pUrA hotA hai  /  aura na brahmasAkSAtkAra rUpa paramarahasya tattva taka pahucA jA sakatA hai  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH sabhI sAdhanAmo meM unase vimukta hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA: sAdhaka kavi sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA para vividha prakAra se cintana karatA hai  /  cintana karate samaya vaha sahajabhAva se bhAvuka ho jAtA hai  /  usa avasthA meM vaha kabhI apane ko doSa detA hai to kabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko bIca meM lAtA hai| kabhI rAgAdika padArthoM kI pora nihAratA hai to kabhI tIrthaMkaroM se prArthanA, vinatI aura ulAhane kI bAta karatA hai  /  kabhI pazcAttApa karatA hubhA dikhAI detA hai to kabhI satsaMgati aura dAsyabhAva ko abhivyakta karatA hai| ina sabhI bhAvanAoM ko hindI jana kaviyoM ne nimna prakAra se apane zabdoM meM gUthane kA prayatna kiyA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa saMsAra kI nazvarazIlatA para vicAra karate hue kahate hai ki sAre jIvana tUne vyApAra viyA, junA zrAdi khelA, sonA-cAMdI ekatrita kiyA, bhoga vAsanAmoM meM ulajhA rahA  /  para yaha nizcita hai ki eka dina yama pAyegA maura

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________________ i tumheM yahAM se uThA le jAyegA  /  usa samaya yaha sArA vaibhava yahIM par3A raha jAyegA  /  prAMdhI-sI goN| saMgha mukha calA jAyegA  /  vaha barAla kAla kI kumare sadaiva tumhAre sira para laTakatI rahatI hai| zrama to vRddhAvasthA bhI mAnavI  /  isa samaya to kama se kama mana meM yaha sUbhA bhA jAya aura janma maraNa kI bAta kI socakara saMsAra ke svabhAva para vicAra kara le : jiya mana haiM  /  vA dina ko karaM soca vanaja kiyA vyApArI tUneM TAMDA lAdA bhArI  /  tet pUjI jumrA khelA bhAkhira bAjI hArI re || mAkhira bAjI hArI, kara le calane ko taiyArI | ika dina DerA hoyagA vana meM || vA dina ||1| 1. 2. jhUThe nainA ulaphata bAMdhI, kisakA sonA kisakA cAMdI  /  ika dina pavana calegI prAMdhI, kisakI bIbI kisakI bAMdI  //  nAhaka citta lagA vai dhana meM || vA dina ||21| miTTI setI miTTI miliyo, pAnI se pAnI  /  mUrakha setI mUrakha miliyo, jJAnI se jJAnI  //  yaha miTTI hai tere tana meM  //  kahata banArasi suni bhavi prANI, yaha pada hai niravAnA re  /  jIvana marana kiyA sau nAhI, sira para kAla nizAnA re  /  /  sUjha par3egI bur3hApepana me  //  bA dina 1412 vA dina 1131 saMsaraNa kA prabalatama kAraNa moha aura prajJAna hai jinake kAraNa jIva kI rAga dveSAtmaka pravRttiyAM utpanna hotI hai| ye pravRttiyAM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha kI bhora mana ko daur3AtI hai  /  mana kI caMcalatA aura vacanAdi kI asaMyamatA se zubha athavA kuzala karma bhI duHkhadAyI ho jAte hai  /  moha ke zeSa rahane para kitanA bhI yogAsana prAdi kiyA jAye para vyakti kA citta prAtma-dRSTi kI mora nahI daur3atA  /  zrutAbhyAsa karane para bhI jAti, lAbha, kula, bala, tapa, vidyA prabhutA aura rUpa ina pATha bhedoM se jIva abhimAna grasta ho jAtA hai  /  phalata: viveka jAgrata nahIM hotA aura Atmazakti pragaTa nahIM ho paatii| isalie banArasIdAsa jIva para kahakara kahate haiM :--- dekho bhAI mahAvikala saMsArI dukhita dhanAdi moha ke kArana, rAga dveSa bhrama mArI  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 55. vahI, pR. 57.

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________________ saMsArI jIva ko anaMtakAla taka isa saMsAra meM khelate-bhaTakate ho gayA para kabhI use isakA pazcAttApa nahIM humA  /  baha jumA, mAlasa, zoka, bhaya, kukathA, kautuka, kopa, kRpaNatA, ajJAnatA bhrama, nidrA, mada aura moha ina teraha kAThiyoM meM ramatA rhaa| jisa saMsAra meM sadaiva janma-maraNa kA roga lagA rahatA hai, prAyu kSIraNa hone kA koI upAya nahIM rahatA, vividha pApa aura vilApa ke kAraNa jur3e rahate haiM, parigraha kA vicAra mithyA lagatA rahatA hai, indriya-viSaya-sukha svapnavat rahatA hai, usa caMcala vilAsa meM, re mUda, tU apanA dharma tyAgakara mohita ho gyaa| aise moha praura harSa-viSAda ko chor3a  /  jo kucha bhI sampatti milI hai vaha puNya pratApa ke kAraNa  /  para usake parigraha aura moha ke kAraNa tUne karmabaMdha kI sthiti bar3hA lii| jaba anta pAyegA to yahAM se akele hI jAnA pdd'egaa| saMsAra kI vAstavika sthiti para sAdhaka jaba cintana karatA hai to use spaSTa prAbhAsa ho jAtA hai ki yaha zarIra bhI anya padArthoM ke samAna zaktihIna hotA calA jaayegaa| bAlyAvasthA se vRddhAvasthA taka zarIra kI giratI huI kramika avasthA ko dekhakara sAdhaka virakta-sA ho jAtA hai| use sArA saMsAra nazvara pratIta hone lagatA hai| jagajIvana ko to yaha sArA saMsAra dhana kI chAyA-sA dikhatA hai  /  unhoMne eka sundara rUpaka meM yaha bAta kahI  /  putra, kalatra, mitra, tana, sampatti prAdi karmodaya ke kAraNa jur3a jAte haiM  /  janma-maraNa rUpI varSA pAtI hai aura mAdhava rUpI-pavana se ve saba baha jAte hai| indriyAdika viSaya laharoM-sA vilIna ho jAtA hai  /  rAgadveSa rUpa vaka-paMkti bar3I lambI dikhAI detI hai, moha-gahala kI kaThora bhAvAja sunAI par3atI hai, sumati kI prApti na hokara kumati kA saMyoga ho jAtA hai  /  isase bhavasAgara kaise pAra kiyA jA sakatA hai  /  para jaba ratnatraya (samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra) kA prakAza bhora manaMta catuSTaya (anaMta darzana-jJAna-sukha-vIrya) kA sukha milane lagatA hai taba kavi ko yaha sArA saMsAra kSaNabhaMgura lagane lagatA hai :-jagata saba dIsata bana kI chAyA  /  saMsArI jIva apanI mAdatoM se pratyanta duHkhI ho jAtA hai  /  vaha na to kisI prakAra paMca pApoM se mukta ho pAtA hai pora na cAra vikathAmoM se  /  mana, vacana, kAya ko bhI vaha apane vaza nahIM kara pAtA, rAga dveSAdika jama jAte haiM, prAtma-jJAna ho 1. banArasI bilAsa, teraha kAThiyA, pR. 157. 2. vahI, prAstAvika phuTakara kavitA, pR. 8-16, 3. vahI, pR. 12. 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 77.

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________________ nahIM pAtA  /  aisI sthiti meM jagatarAma kavi prasta-sA hokara kahate haiM  /  'merI kauna gati hosI ho gusAI  //  dhAnatarAya ko to yaha sArA saMsAra bilkula mithyA dikhAI detA hai  /  ve anubhava karate haiM ki jisa nazvara deha ko hamane apanA priya mAnA aura jise hama sabhI prakAra ke rasapAkoM se poSate rahe, vaha kabhI hamAre sAtha calatA nahIM, taba anya padArthoM kI bAta kyA soceM? sukha ke mUla svarUpa ko to dekhA samajhA hI nhiiN| vyartha meM moha karatA hai| prAtmajJAna ko pAye binA asatya ke mAdhyama se jIva dravyAjaMna karatA, asatya sAdhanA karatA, yamarAja se bhayabhIta hotA 'maiM' aura 'merA' kI raTa lagAtA saMsAra meM ghUmatA ghiratA hai| isalie saMsAra kI vinAzazIlatA dekhate hue ve saMsArI jIvoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM  /  'mithyA yaha saMsAra hai re, jhUThA yaha saMsAra re  /  daulatarAma ne bhI saMsAra ko 'ghoke kI dATI' kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki saMsArI jIva jAnabUjhakara apanI AMkhoM para paTTI bAMdhe hue haiM  /  use samajhAte hue ve kahate haiM ki tere prANa kSaNa meM nikala jAyeMge, to terI yaha miTTI yahIM par3I raha jAyegI  /  prataH anta.kapATa khola le aura mana ko vaza meM kara le  /  saMsArI jIva anaMtakAla se saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakkara lagA rahA hai  /  utpanna hone se marane taka duHkhadAha meM jalatA rahatA hai  /  bhakta kavi dyAnatarAya ko mAtA, pitA, putra, patnI Adi sabhI svArthIpa dikhAI dete haiN| zarIra kA ratibhAva kavi ko aura bhI virAgatA kI pora jAne ko bAdhya karatA hai| isalie isase dUra hone ke lie ve brahmajJAna kA anubhava Avazyaka mAnate haiN| yahI unake lie kalyANa kA mArga hai| isI saMdarbha meM bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne caupaTa ke khela meM saMsAra kA citraNa prastuta kiyA hai........caupaTa ke khela meM tamAso eka nayo dIsa, jagata kI rIti saba yAhI meM banAI hai| yaha saMsAra kI vicitratA hai  /  kisI ke ghara maMgala ke dIpa jalate hai, unakI mAzAyeM pUrI hotI haiM, para koI madhere meM rahatA hai, iSTa viyoga se rudana karatA hai, nirAzA usake ghara meM chAyI rahatI hai| koI sundara-sundara vastrAbhUSaNa pahinatA, ghor3oM para daur3atA hai para kisI ko tana DhAMkane ke lie bhI kapar3e nahIM milte| jise 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 102. 2. vahI, pR. 130, 133. 3. jiyA jaga bode kI dATI........vahI, pR. 211. 4. brahmavilAsa, supathakupathapacIsikA, 10, pR. 181. .. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 154,

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________________ 94 prAtaHkAla rAjA ke rUpa meM dekhA vahI dopahara meM jaMgala kI bhora jamtA dikhAI detA hai  /  jala ke babUle ke samAna yaha saMsAra asthira aura kSaNabhaMgura hai  /  isa para darpa karane kI kyA katA ? vaha to rAtri kA svapna jaisA hai, pAvaka meM tRNapUla-sA hai, kAla-kudAla lie zira para khar3A hai, moha pizAca ne matiharaNa kiyA hai  /  2 saMsArI jIva dravyArjana meM acche bure sabhI prakAra ke sAdhana apanAtA, makAna zrAdi khar3A karatA, putra-putrI prAdi ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha socatA para isI bIca yadi yamarAja kI pukAra ho uThI to 'rUpI zataraMja kI bAjI sI saba kucha vastuyeM yoM hI par3I raha jAtI, usa dhana-dhAnya kA kyA upayoga hotA ? cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vizva, to saba kAja sareM jiyarA jI  /  geha cinAya karUM gahanA kachu, byAhi sutA suta bAMTiye bhAjI  //  cintata yo dina jAhi~ cale, jama prAmi acAnaka deta dagAjI  /  khelata khela khilAri gaya~, rahi jAirUpI zataraMja kI bAjI | jinake pAsa dhana hai ve bhI duHkhI haiM, jinake pAsa dhana nahIM hai ve bhI tRSNAvaza duHkhI haiM  /  koI ghana tyAgI hone para bhI sukha-lAlacI haiM, koI usakA upayoga karane para duHkhI hai| koI binA upayoga kiye hI dukhI hai| saca to yaha hai ki isa saMsAra me koI bhI vyakti sukhI nahIM dikhAI detA  / " vaha to sAMsArika vAsanAoM meM lagA rahatA hai  /  4 pAMDe jinadAsa ne jIva ko mAlI aura bhava ko vRkSa mAnakara mAlIrAso nAmaka eka rUpaka rcaa| isa bhava-vRkSa ke phala viSayajanya haiM  /  usake phala maraNAntaka hote hai  /  'mAlI varajyo ho nA rahe, phala kI bhUSa  /  5 sundaradAsa ke lie yaha prAdhacarya kI bAta lagI ki eka jIva saMsAra kA mAnanda bhI lUTanA cAhatA hai aura dUsarI ora mokSa sukha bhI  /  para yaha kaise sambhava hai ? patthara kI nAva para car3hakara samudra ke pAra kaise jAyA jA sakatA hai ? kRpANoM kI zayyA se vizrAma kaise mila sakatA hai| 1. vahI, pR. 157. 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, 32-33, chahaDhAlA- budhajana prathamaDhAla,  /  3. manamodanapaMcazatI, 216, hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 2:39, pR. 194, pR. 252, T. 211. pANDe rUpacanda, gItaparamArthI, paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI. 5. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 4. 128.

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________________ 'pAyara kI kari nAva pAranvaSi utaravI kahe, kAga ur3Avani kAz2a sUtra cintAmariNa bAhe  /  basa chAMha bAdala taraNI ravaM dhUma ke dhUma, kari kRpAyA saMjyA rame te kyoM pArzva visarAma  // 12 95 vinayavijaya saMsArI prANiyoM kI mamatA pravRtti ko dekhakara bhAvuka ho uThate haiM aura kaha uThate haiM- 'merI merI karata bAure, phire jIva prakulAya' ye padArtha jala ke bulabule ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura haiN| unase tUM kyoM lalacAtA hai ? mAyA ke vikalpoM ne terI AtmA ke zuddha svabhAva ko prAcchAdita kara liyA hai  /  mRgatRSNA aura tRpti ke kAMToM se par3e rahakara duHkha bhoga rahA hai| use jJAna- kusumoM kI zayyA ko prApta karane kA saubhAgya huA hI nahIM  /  svayaM meM rahane vAle sudhA-sarovara ko dekhA nahIM jisameM snAna karane se sabhI duHkha dUra ho jAte haiM  / " kavivara daulatarAma kA hRdaya saMsAra kI vinazvaratA ko dekhakara karuNA ho jAtA hai aura kaha uThatA hai ki bhare vidvan  /  tuma isa 'saMsAra' me ramaNa mata karo  /  yaha saMsAra kele ke tane ke samAna prasAra hai  /  phira bhI hama usameM prAsakta ho jAte haiN| kyoki moha ke indrajAla meM hama jakar3e hue haiM  /  phalataH caturgatiyoM meM janma-maraNa ke du.kha bhoga rahe haiM  /  isa duHkha ko adhika vyakta karane ke lie kavi ne pArivArika sambandhoM kI anityatA kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA ki kabhI jo apanI patnI thI vaha mAtA bana jAtI hai, mAtA patnI bana jAtI hai, putra pitA bana jAtA hai, putrI sAsa bana jAtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, jIva svayaM kA putra bana jAtA hai  /  isake atirikta usane naraka paryAya ke ghora duHkhoM ko sahA hai jisakA koI manta nahIM rahA  /  use sukha vahAM hai kahAM ! re vidvan ! sura bhora manuSya kI pracura viSaya lipsA se bhI tuma paricita ho to batAo, kauna-sA saMsArI jIva sukhI hai| saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA ko bhI tumane parakhA hai| vahAM mahAn aizvaryaM praura samRddhi kSaNa bhara meM naSTa ho jAtI hai  /  indra jaisA aizvaryazAlI to jIva bhI kukkura ho jAtA hai, nRpa kRSi bana jAtA hai, dhana sampanna bhikhArI bana jAtA hai aura to kyA jo mAtA putra ke viyoga meM marakara vyApriNI banI, usI ne apane putra ke zarIra ke khaNDa-khaNDa kara diye  /  kavi unase phira kahatA hai ki mavaSya ko bAlyAvasthA meM hitAhita kA 2. 1. vahI, pR. 163, maMdira TholiyAna, jayapura kA guTakA naM. 110, pR. 120 padya 5 vAM  /  jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 295.

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________________ mAna nahIM rahatA bhaura taruNAvasthA meM hRdaya kAmagni se dahakatA rahatA hai tathA pavAvasthA meM maMga-pratyaMga vikala ho jAte haiM, taba batAno, saMsAra meM kauna-sI dazA sukhadAyI hai ? anta meM kavi anubhUtipUrNa zabdoM meM kahatA hai, re vidvan, saMsAra kI isI prasAratA ko dekhakara anya loga mokSa mAna ke anugAmI bane  /  tuma bhI yadi kamoM se mukti cAhate ho to isa kSaNika saMsAra se virakta ho jAmo aura jinarAja ke dvArA nirdiSTa mArga para calanA prArambha kara do mata rAcI dho-dhaarii| bhaMvarabhramarasara jAnake, mata rAcI dhIdhArI  /  /  inAjAla ko khyAla moha Thaga vibhrama pAsa psaarii| pahuMgati vipatimayI jAmeM jana, bhramata bharata dukha bhArI  /  /  rAmA mA, mA bAmA, suta pitu, sutA zvamA, avatArI  /  ko pracaMbha jahA~ mApa mApake putradazA vistArI  /  /  ghora naraka dukha aura na ghora na leza na sukha vistArI  //  sura nara pracura viSaya jurajAre, ko sukhiyA sNsaarii|| maMDala hai prakhaMDala china meM, napa kRmi, saghana bhikhArI  /  jA suta-viraha marI hai vAghini, tA suna deha vidArI  //  zizu na hitAhita jJAna, taru ura madana dahana prjaarii| vRddha bhaye vikasaMgI thAye, kauna dazA sukhakArI  /  /  yoM masAra lasa chAra bhavya jhaTa gaye mokha-maga caarii| yAteM hoha udAsa 'daula' aba, bhaja jinapati jagatArI  /  /  saMsAra kA sundara citraNa gena kathA sAhitya meM madhubindu kathA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai  /  eka vyakti ghanaghora jaMgala meM bhUla gayA  /  vaha bhayabhIta hokara bhaTakatA rahA  /  itane meM eka gaja usakI mora daur3atA dikhAI diyaa| usake bhaya se vaha samIpavartI kue meM kUda pdd'aa| kue ke kinAre lage vaTavRkSa kI zAkhA ko kUdate samaya pakar3a liyaa| usameM madhubindunoM kA chAtA lagA humA thA  /  usakI bUMdoM meM usakI mAsakti paidA ho gii| kUpa ke nimna bhAga meM cAra vikarAla ajagara muMha phailAye usa vyakti kI mora nihAra rahe the| idhara hAthI apanI sUra se vRkSa zAkhA ko jhakajhora rahA thA aura jisa bhAkhA se baha laTakA thA use eka cUhA kAra rahA thA  /  madhumakkhiyAM bhI usa para pAkramaNa kara rahI thiiN| isa kathA meM saMsAra mahAvata hai, bhavabhramaNa kUpa ke samAna hai, gaja yama hai, madhumakkhiyoM kA kATanA rogAdi kA mAkramaNa hai, ajagara kA kUpa meM honA nigoda kA pratIka hai, cAra praja

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________________ gara pagati ke pratIka hai, madhubindu sAMsArika sukhAbhAsa hai| kavivara bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI isI kathA kA prAdhAra lekara saMsAra kA citraNa kiyA hai|' kavi bUcarAja ne sasAra ko ToDa (vyApAriyoM kA calatA humA samUha) kahA hai aura apane TaMDAraNAgIta meM parivAra ke svArtha kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai : 'mAta pitA suta sajana sarIra daha saba loga virANAve  /  iyaNa paMkha jima laruvara vAse dasahaM dizA uDANAve  /  /  viSaya svAratha saba jaga vaMcha kari kari budhi binAraNAve  /  choDi samAdhi mahArasa nUpama madhura vindu lapaTANAve  // " saMsAra ke isa citraNa meM kavi sAdhakoM ne eka mora jahAM saMsAra kI viSaya vAsanA me prAsakta jIvoM kI mana:sthiti ko spaSTa kiyA hai vahIM dUsarI ora usase virakta ho jAne kA upadeza bhI diyA hai| ina donoM ke samanvita citraNa meM sAdhaka TUTane se baca gayA  /  usakA cintana svAnubhUti ke nirmala jala se nikharakara bhAge bar3ha gayA  /  jaina kaviyoM ke citraNa kI yahI vizeSatA hai| 2 zarIra se mamatva rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie saMsAra ke samAna zarIra bhI eka cintana kA viSaya rahA hai| use unhone samIpa se dekhA aura pAyA ki vaha bhI saMsAra ke hara padArtha ke samAna vaha bhI naSTa hone vAlA hai| samaya prathavA avasthA ke anusAra vaha lIna hotA calA jAtA hai  /  adhyAtma rasika bhUdhara kavi ne zarIra ko carakhA kA rUpa dekara usakI yathArtha sthiti kA citraNa kiyA hai  /  isa sandarbha meM moha-magna vyakti ko sambodhate hue ve kahate haiM ki zarIra rUpI carakhA jIrNa-zIrNa ho gayA  /  usase aba koI kAma nahIM liyA jA sakatA  /  vaha Age bar3hatA hI nhiiN| usake paira rUpa donoM khUTe hilane lage, phephar3oM meM se kapha kI dhara-gharaM AvAja pAne lagI jaise purAne carakhe se pAtI hai, use manamAnA calAyA nahIM jA sktaa| rasanA rUpa takalI lar3akhar3A gayI, zabda rUpa sUta se sudhA nahIM nikalatI, jaldI-jaldI zabda rUpa sUta TUTa jAtA hai| prAyu rUpa mAla kA bhI koI vizvAsa nahIM, vaha kaba TUTa jAya, vividha prauSadhiyAM dekara use pratidina svastha rakhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, usakI marammata kI jAtI hai, 1. brahmavilAsa, madhubinduka caupAI, chIhala kA panthI gIta bhI dekhiye jo jayapura ke dIvAna badhIcandrajI ke maMdira meM, guTakA naM. 27, veSTana naM. 973 meM surakSita hai| 2. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya pAra kavi, pR. 100.

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________________ 98 Aatur marammata karane vAloM ne ghuTane Teka diye| jaba taka zarIra rUpa karatA tyA yA taba taka sabhI ko vaha priya thaa| para jaise hI vaha purAnA huA, usakA raMgaviraMga huA, to aba use koI dekhanA hI nahIM caahtaa| isalie he bhAI, miSyA 'tattva rUpa moTe dhAge ko mahIna kara use sulajhA lo aura samyagjJAna ko utpanna kara lo  /  usakA bhanta to IMdhana meM honA nizcita hI hai, basa, prAta:kAla samajhakara pUre prAzmavizvAsa ke sAtha samyagjJAna ko prApta karane kA prayatna karo  /  " carakhA calatA nAhI (1) carakhA hudhA purAnA (ve)  //  maya de do hAlata lAge, ura madarA khakhasanA  /  chIdI huI saMkhar3I pAMsU, phiraM nahIM manamAnA  //   //  rasanA takalI ne bala khAyA, so aba kaise khUTe | abada sUta sudhA nahIM nikasa, ghar3I-ghar3I pala TUTai  // 2 //  mAyu mAla kA nahIM bharosA, maMga calAcala sAre  /  roja ilAja marammata cAhe, veda bAr3ha hI hAre  // 3 //  yA varakhalA raMgA caMgA, sabakA citta curAvaM  /  palaTA varana gaye guna agale aba dekheM nahIM bhAve  // 14 //  moTA mahI kATa kara bhAI ! kara apanA surakerA  /  Aga se IMdhana hogA, bhUdhara samajha saberA || 5 || 2 chIla kavi ne udaragIta meM jIva kI tInoM avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai  /  bAlyAvasthA meM vaha nava-dasa mAha atyanta kaSTa pUrvaka garbhAvasthA meM rahatA hai, bAlyAbasthA ajJAna meM calI jAtI hai, yuvAvasthA indriyavAsanA meM nikala jAtI hai prora vRddhAvasthA meM indriyA~ zithila hone lagatI haiN| sArA jIvana yoM hI calA jAtA hai'udara udadhi meM dasa mAsAha rahyo  / ' 'jarA bur3hApA bairI grAibho, sudhi-budhi nAhI jaba pachitAiyo 12 zarIra ke saundarya aura to buddhAvasthA yA gaI, aise zarIra se mamatva haTAne ke lie bhUbhara kavi ne bala para abhimAna karane vAle mohI vyakti se kahA ki bhAI ! kucha to saceta ho jAo  /  zravaNa zakti kama ho gaI, pairoM meM calane kI zakti na hone se ve lar3akhar3Ane lage  /  zarIra yaSTi ke samAta patalA ho gayA, bhUkha kama hone 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 152, bhUmara pada saMgraha, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA  /  2. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pRSTha 105 udaragIta, dIvAna badhIcandrajI kA maMdira, jayapura guTakA naM. 27, veSTana naM. 973.

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________________ lagI, pAlI meM pAnI girane lagA, tioM ko pokta TUTa gaI, hariyoM ke jor3a ukhar3ane lane, kamI ko raMga badala gayA, aurIra meM roga ne gherA gala diyA, punAdi sambandhI usa duHkha ko boTa nahIM sakate, taba pora kona bAMTa sakegA ? isalie re prANI pada 'to kama se kama apanA hita kara leN| yadi abhI bhI saceta nahIM hamA to phira kara hogA  /  pazcAttApa hI hAtha lgegaa| pIyA ra bur3hApA mAnI, suSi budhi visarAnI  / ' bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa ko yaha zarIra sapta dhAtu se nirmita mahAgurava se paripUrNa dikhAI detA hai  /  isalie unheM pAzcarya hotA hai ki koI usameM pAsakoM ho jAtA hai  /  kavi bhUdharadAsa ko bhI yaha pAzvarya kA viSaya banA ki kisI ko isa zarIra se ghasA kyoM nahIM hotI-'deha dazA yaha vikhita mAta, pinAta nahIM kina buddhi hArI hai|' ___ yaha zarIra sabhI prakAra ke pavitra padArthoM se bharA humA hai| isalie daulatarAma kahate haiM ki isa zarIra ko ghinaunI aura jar3a jAnakara usase moha mata karo : 'mata kIjyo jI gArI, ghinageha deha jar3a jAna ke  /  mAta pitA raja vIrajaso yaha, upajI mlkulvaarii| asthimAla palanasA jAla kI, lAla lAla jalakyArI  /  /  maiyA bhagavatIdAsa kahate haiM ki aise ghinaune azuddha zarIra ko zuddha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? zarIra ke lie bhojana kucha bhI do para usase rudhira, mAMsa, asthiyAM pAdi hI utpanna hotI haiM  /  itane para bhI vaha kSaNabhaMgura banA rahatA hai| para majJAnI mohI vyakti use yathArtha mAnatA hai| aisI mithyA bAtoM ko vaha satya samajha letA hai| paM. daulatarAma zarIra ke prati mAnava ke rAga ko dekhakara pratyanta brahita ho jAte haiM aura kaha uThate hai he mUDha, isase mamatva kyoM karatA hai  /  yaha zarada megha aura jalabudabuda ke samAna kSaNabhaMgura hai| prataH bhAsmA aura zarIra kA bhedavijJAna kara, 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 15, banArasIvilAsa, prAstAvika phuTakara kavitA, 12. 2. bAvilAsa, zatamamTottarI, 46, pR. 18, 3. jainazataka, 20, pR. 9. 4. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pR. 11. pada 17vAM  /  5. brahmavilAsa, zatamaSTottarI, 103. brahmavilAsa, paramANe pada paMkti 1.

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________________ 100 V zAzvata sukha ko prApta kro|' eka pada meM ve kahate haiM ki re mUrkha, tuma apanA mithyAjJAna chodd'o| vyartha meM zarIra se mamatva jor3a liyA hai| yaha zarIra tumhArA nahIM hai jise tuma pranAdikAla se apanA mAnakara poSaNa kara rahe ho| yaha to sabhI prakAra ke maloM doSoM kA thailA hai| isase mamatva rakhane ke kAraNa hI tuma anAdikAla se karmoM se baMdhe hue ho aura duHkhoM ko bhoga rahe ho  /  punaH samajhAte hue kavi kahatA hai, yaha zarIra jar3a hai, tU cetana hai| jar3a aura cetana, donoM pRthak-pRthak astitva rakhane vAle padArthoM ko tuma eka kyoM karanA cAhate ho| yaha sambhava bhI nahIM  /  samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka caritra ye tInoM tumhArI sampatti haiM  /  isalie sAMsArika tarit se moha chor3akara tuma usa ajara-amara sampadA ko prApta karo aura zivagaurI ke sAtha sukha bhoga kro| zarIra se rAga chor3e binA vaha mila nahIM sakatA  /  jinhoMne yaha zarIra - rAga chor3a diyA unhIM se tumhArI mamatA honI caahie| isI jJAnAmRta kA tuma pAna karo tAki para padArthoM se tumhArA mamatva chUTa sake :-- chAMDi de yA budhi bhorI, vRthA tana se rati jorI  /  yaha para hai, na rahai thira poSata, takala kumala kI jhorI  //  yAsI mamatA kara anAdi taiM, baMdhI karama kI DorI  /  sahai dukha jaladhi - hilorI || 1 || yaha jar3a hai, tU cetana, yoM hI apanAvata barajorI  /  samyagdarzana, jJAna, carana nidhi ye haiM saMpati torI  //  sadA vilaso ziva-gorI  // 2 //  sukhiyA bhaye sadIva jIva jina, yAsauM mamatA torI  /  'daula' sIkha yaha lIje, pIje jJAna-piyUSa kaTorI  //  miTe para cAha kaThorI ||3|| 2 vinayavijaya ne zarIra kI nazvaratA aura prakRti ko dekhakara use eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai  /  zarIra ghor3A hai aura AtmA savAra  /  ghor3A carane meM mAhira hai para kaMda hone meM DaratA hai| kitanA bhI acchA acchA khAye para jIna kasane para bahakane lagatA hai  /  kitanA bhI paisA kharca karo, saMvArI ke samaya savAra ko kahIM jaMgala meM girA degA | kSaNa bhara meM bhUkhA hotA hai, kSaraNa bhara meM pyAsA  /  sevA to bahuta karAtA hai, para tadanurUpa usakA upayoga nahIM ho paataa| use rAste para lAne ke lie cAbuka kI prAvazyakatA hotI hai| usake binA saMsAra se pAra nahIM huA jA sakatA :-- 1. 2. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 17. adhyAtma padAvalI, pada 4, pR. 340.

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________________ 'porA jhUThA hai re tU mata bhUle prasavArA  /  tohi suSA ye lAgata pyArA, aMta hopayA myArA  /  /  carai cIja mAra Dara kaida so, prabaTa cala paTArA  /  jIna kasai taba soyA cAhai, khAne ko hoshiyaaraa|| khUba khajAnA kharaca khilAno, yo saba nyAmata caaraa| prasabArI kA avasara prAva, galiyA hoya gaMvArA  /  /  chinu tAsA chinu pyAsA hova, khivamata bahuta karAvana haaraa| daura dUra jaMgala meM DAra, bhUre dhanI vicArA  //  karahu caukar3A cAtura caukasa, yo cAbuka do caattaa| isa ghore ko vinaya sikhAvo, jyoM pAvo bhavapArA  // 1 budhajana zarIra kI nazvaratA kA bhAna karate hue zuddha svabhAva cidAnaMda caitanya avasthA meM sthira hone kA saMdeza dete haiM-'tana dekhyA asthira ghinAvanA  / ....... budhajana tanata mamata meTanA cidAnaMda pada dhAranA (budhajanavilAsa, pada 116) /  mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| usake Ane para koI bhI apane prApako bacA nahIM pAtA, isalie usase bhayabhIta hone kI prAvazyakatA nahI balki prAtmaciMtana karake janma-maraNa ke duHkho se mukta ho jAnA hI zreyaskara hai- "kAla acAnaka hI le jAyegA, gAphila hokara rahnA kyA re ! china hU~ toko nAhiM bacA to sumaTana ko rakhanA kyA re" (budhajana vilAsa, pada 5) /  zarIra kI isa nazvaratA kA prAbhAsa sAdhaka pratipala karatA hai aura sAdhanAtmaka pravRtti me zuddha svabhAvI caitanya kI bhAvanA bhAtA hai| mRtyu eka aTala tathya hai jisameM zarIra bhagna ho jAtA hai mAtra svastha cetana raha jAtA hai| 3. karmajAla pratyeka vyakti athavA sAdhaka ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa usake svayaMkRta karma hamA karate haiN| bhAratIya dharma sAdhanAmoM meM cArvAka ko chor3akara prAyaH sabhI vicArakoM ne karma ko saMsAra meM janma maraNa kA kAraNa ThaharAyA hai| yaha karma paramparA jIva ke sAtha anAdikAla se jar3I huI hai| jaina cintakoM ne Izvara ke sthAna para karma ko saMsthApita kiyA hai  /  tadanusAra svayaMkRta karmoM kA bhoktA jIva svayaM hI hotA hai, cAhe ve zubha hoM yA azubha  /  isalie janma-paramparA tathA sukha-duHkha kI asamAnatA meM Izvara kA koI rola yahAM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA  /  jIva phala bhomane meM jitanA parataMtra hai utanA hI navIna karmoM ke upArjana karane meM svatantra bhI hai| 1. hindI caina bhakti kAvya aura kapi, pR. 294.

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________________ 102 prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ke dekhane se aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya karma ke samakakSa bhaneka siddhAnta bar3e diye gaye the| usa samaya kI kAla ko vizva kA niyantraka mAnatA thA to koI svabhAva ko, koI niyati ko anilAtA thA to koI yaducchA ko, kisI kA dhyAna bhUtoM para jAtA thA. to kisI kA Izvara para koI apane wrest deva ke hAtha de detA thA to koI puruSArtha ko patA thA  /  ina sabhI vAdoM ne ekAntika miTako se killA karU. karma siddhAnta ke sthAna para svayaM ko prAsIta kara liyaa| parantu jaiksana meM ina sabhI ko samanvita rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tadanusAra sabhI kAraNa milakara hI kArya kI niSpatti karate haiN| isI ko samyak dhAraNA kahA jAtA hai| karmoM kA astitva, sukha-duHkha ke vaividhya, navIna zarIra dhAraNA karane kI prakriyA tathA dAnAdika kriyAoMoM ke phala meM spaSTata dikhAI detA hai  /  samAna- sAdhana hone para bhI phala kA tAratamya pradRSTa karma kA hI pariNAma hai| karma ko jaina dharma meM mUrti athavA padalika mAnA gayA hai aura AtmA ko pramUrtika  /  pramUrta prAtmA ke sAtha mUrta karma kA sambandha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| isI prakAra zarIra aura karma kA sambandha bhI bIjAMkura ke samAna anAdikAlIna hai aura vaha kAryakAraNa bhAvAtmaka hai| hamAre mana-vacana-kAya kI pratyeka kriyA apanA saMskAra zrAramA maura karma prathavA kAraNa zarIra para chor3atI jAtI hai  /  yaha saMskAra kArmAraNa zarIra se baMdhatA calA jAtA hai aura usakA jaba paripAka ho jAtA hai to baMdhe karma ke udaya se yaha AtmA svayaM hInAvasthA me pahuca jAtI hai  /  phalataH mithyAtva mAdi vikAroM se vaha grasita hotA jAtA hai jJAnAdi rUpa vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA  /  jAte haiM aura naye karma baMdhate cale jAte haiM  /  mrAtmA aura karma kI yahI paramparA anAdikAla se calI nA rahI hai| zAstrIya paribhASA meM pudgala paramANuoMoM ke piNDa rUpa karma ko dravya karma aura rAga dveSAdika pravRttiyoM ko bhAva karma, aura zarIra rUpa karma ko nokarma kahA gayA hai| banArasIdAsa ne ise eka udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai  /  mAna lIjie jisa prakAra koThI meM dhAna rakhI hai, bAla ke mIra kA hai to usa pAna ko alaga kara karaNa ko rakha lete haiN| isameM koThI ke samAna nokamaMgala haiM  /  yAna ke samAna rAga, dveSa, moha, prajJAna mora vaha apane ananta purAne karma nirmANa hote: kamala haiM, camI ke samrana bhAvakarmamala tathA karaNa ke samAna bhagavAna hai budgalA ke ye do ho, jAla haiM- adhyakarma aura bhAvakarma  /  sahaja zuddha, cetana, bhAvakarya kI ora. 1. sammati tarka prakaraNa, 3-53. 2. banArasIvilAsa, madhyAtama basIsI, 11-13.

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________________ 1031 basatA hai aura kAya karma jokarma se baMdhA pudagala piNDa hai  /  1 bhAvakarma ke ke rUpa hai| jJAna aura karma jJAna caka cetana ke antara meM gupta aura jJAnacaka pratyakSa hai| dUsa zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki cetana ke ye donoM bhAda zuklapakSa ra kRSNapA ke samAna haiN| zAma ke kAraNa cetana sajaga banA rahatA hai aura karma ke kAsya mitrA amra meM niti rahatA hai  /  eka darzaka hai, dUsarA mA eka nirjarA kA kAraNa hai, dUsarA maMtra kA 12 jaina dharma meM karmoM ke prAbhava ke kAraNa pAMca mAne rati (vratAbhAva), pramAda, kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura vacana, kAya kI pravRtti)  /  dAnaM puNyAdika kArya zubha karma ke kAraNa haiM aura hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha yAdi pApa zrathavA azubha bandha ke kAraNa haiN| kama kA bandha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- prakRti bandha, sthiti bandha, anubhAva bandha aura pradeza bandha | prakRtibandha ATha prakAra kA hai - jJAnavaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya  /  ina karmoM ke bheda prabhedAdi kI bhI carcA jaina zastroM ke anusAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bar3I gaharAI aura vistAra se kI hai  /  usa gaharAI taka hama nahIM jAnA caaheNge| hama yahAM mAtra yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki ina karmoM ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra me paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| jIva ke sukha duHkha kA pramukha kAraNa karma mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra se teja jala pravAha me bhaMvara cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai aura usameM phaMsa jAne vAlA mRtyu kA zikAra ho jAtA hai usI prakAra karma kA vipAka ho jAne para jIva saMsAra ke janma-maraNa ke pravAha meM vidyamAna karmarUpa bhaMvara meM phaMse jAtA hai 15 jisa prakAra jvAra ke prakopa se bhojana meM koI ruci nahIM rahatI usI prakAra kukarma athavA prazubhakarma ke udaya se dharma ke kSetra meM use koI utsAha jAgrata nahIM hotaa| jaba taka jIva kA sambandha jar3a athavA karmoM se rahatA hai taba taka use duHkha hI duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM "jaba lagu motI sIpa mahi taba lagu samu guNa jAi  /  jaba lamu jIyA saMgi jaDa, taba laga dUkha suhAi || "" banArasI vilAsa, pradhyAtama battIsI 9-10. 1. 2. vahI pR. 14. 3. 4. sthAnAMga 418. samavAyAMsa 5. banArasI vilAsa karma prakRti vidhAna mAdi banArasI vilAsa, mokSa peThI, pR. 18. 5. 6. hindI bhaktiH gaye haiM- mithyAtva prarvi lobha) prora yoMga (mana) rakama..

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________________ 164 vastarAma sAha kA jIva ina karmoM se bhayabhIta ho gayA  /  vaha inhoM kA ke kAraNa para-padArthoM meM mAsakta rahA aura bhava bhava ke duHkha bhoge  /  karmoM se atyanta duHkhI hokara ve kahate haiM ki ye karma merA sAtha eka pala mAtra ko bhI nahIM chodd'te|| bhayA bhagavatIdAsa to karuNAdra hokara kaha uThate haiM, ki dhueM ke samudAya ko dekhara garva kauna karegA kyoki pavana ke calate hI vaha samApta ho jAne vAlA hai| sandhyA kA raMga dekhate-dekhate jaise vilIna ho jAtA hai, dIpaka-pataMga jaise kAla-kavalita ho jAtA hai, svapna me jaise koI nRpati bana jAtA hai, indradhanuSa jaise zIghra hI maSTa ho jAtA hai, mosabUda jaise dhUpa ke nikalate hI sUkha jAtI hai, usI prakAra karma jAla meM phaMsA mUDha jIva du:khI banA rahatA hai| 'dhUmana ke dhaurahara dekha kahA garva kara, ye to chinamAhi jAhi pauna parasata hii| saMdhyA ke samAna raMga dekhata hI hoya maMga, dIpaka pataMga jaise kAla garasata hI  /  /  supane meM bhUpa jaiseM indra dhanurUpa jaiseM, prosa baMda dhUpa jaise dura darasata hii| aisoI bharama saba karma jAlavargaNA ko, tAme mUDha magna hoya marai tarasata hI  // 2 karma hI jIva ko idhara se udhara tribhuvana meM nacAtA rahatA hai| budhajana 'ho viSanA kI maupa kahI to na jAya  /  sulaTa ulaTa ulaTI sulaTA de pradarasa puni darasAya  / " kahakara karma kI prabalatA kA digdarzana karate hue yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki karmoM kI rekhA pASANa rekhA-sI rahatI hai  /  vaha kisI bhI prakAra TAlI nahI jA sktii| tribhuvana kA rAjA rAvaNa kSaNa bhara meM naraka me jA par3A  /  kRSNa kA chappana koTi kA parivAra vana meM bilakhate-bilakhate mara gyaa| hanumAna kI mAtA aMjanA vana-vana rudana karatI rahI, bharata bAhubali ke bIca ghanaghora yuddha humA, rAma aura lakSmaNa ne sItA ke sAtha vanavAsa jhelA, mahAsatI sItA ko dadhakatI Aga meM kUdanA par3A, mahAbalI pANDavoM kI patnI draupadI kA cIra haraNa kiyA gayA, kRSNa rukmaNI kA putra prathamna devoM dvArA hara liyA gayA  /  aise sahasroM udAharaNa haiM jo karmoM kI gAthA gAte milate haiM  /  aSTakarmoM ko naSTa kiye binA saMsAra kA prAvAgamana samApta nahIM hotaa| isa para cintana karate hue zarIrAnta ho jAne ke bAda kI kalpanA karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki aba ve hamAre pAco kisAna (indriyA~) kahAM gaye  /  unako khUba khilAyA pilAyA, para vaha saba niSphala ho gayA  /  cetana alaga ho gayA aura indriyA malaga ho gii| aisI sthiti me usase mohAdi karane kI kyA mAvazyakatA ? dekhiye ise kavi kalAkAra ne kitane sundara zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 165. 2. brahmavilAsa, puNya pacIsikA, 17 pR. 5, nATaka pacIsI 2 pR. 23. 3. brahmavilAsa, pranityapacIsikA, 16 pR. 175. 4. budhajana vilAsa pada 73. 5. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 241. karmana kI rekhA nyArI se viSanA TArI nAhiTara 1

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________________ kita gaye paMca kisAna hmaare| kita0  //  Teka  //   /  boyo bIja kheta gayo giraphala, bhara baye khAda pnaare| kapaTI logoM se sAjhAkara,....hue mApa vicAre ||1| prApa divAnA gaha-gaha baiTho likha-likha kAgada ddaare| bAkI nikasI pakare mukaddama, pAMcoM ho gaye nyAre 112 //  ruka gayo kaMTha zabda nahiM nikasata, hA hA kama sauM haare| 'banArasi' yA nagara na basiye, cala gaye sIMcana hAre  /  // 3 // ' saMsAra kI prasAratA ko dekhate hue kavivara bhagavatIdAsa saMsArI se abhimAna chor3ane ko kahate haiM-'chADi de abhimAna jiyake choDi de  /  rAjA raMka prAdi koI kabhI sthira rUpa se yahAM nahIM rahe  /  tumhAre dekhate-dekhate kitane loga pAye aura gathe  /  eka kSaNa ke viSaya meM bhI kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| bhataH caturmati ke pramaraNa meM kAraNabhUta ina karmoM ko chor3ane kA prayatla kro| pAMDe rUpacanda kI mAtmA nijapada ko bhUlakara karmoM ke kAraNa saMsAra meM janma maraNa karane lgii| use tRSNA kI pyAsa bhI adhika lagI-- viSayana sevate bhaye, tRSNA teM na bujhAya, jyoM jalakhArA pIvateM, vADhe tRNAdhikAya  /  kanakakIrti ne bhI karma ghaTAvalI meM aSTakarmoM ke prabhAva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| isa prabhAva ko sAdhaka aura gaharAI se socatA hai ki vaha kisa prakAra usakI mAtmA ke mUla guraNoM kA hanana karatA hai  /  bhUdharadAsa "dekhyA bIca jahAna ke svapne kA prajeba tamAzA re  /  eko ke ghara maMgala gAvaM pUrI mana kI bhAzA  /  eka viyoga mare bahu rova bhari-bhari naina nirAsA" kahakara karma ke svabhAva ko abhivyakta karate haiN| 6. mithyAsva mithyAtva kA tAtparya hai prajJAna aura prajJAna kA tAtparya hai dharma vizeSa ke siddhAntoM para vizvAsa nahIM karanA  /  mithyAtva, prajJAna, pravidyA, mithyAzAna, mithyA. dRSTi, mAdi zabda samAnArthaka haiM  /  pratyeka dharma aura darzana ne ina zabdoM kA prayoga 1. banArasI vilAsa-pR. 240. 2. brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti, 12. rUpacanda "lasuna ke pAtra ki bAsa kapUra kI kapUra ke pAtra ki lasuna kI hoi" kahakara karma prakRti ko spaSTa karate haiM  /  3. paramArthI dohAzataka, janahiteSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6; jaina siddhAnta bhavana pArA meM eka hastalikhita prati hai| 4. karmaghaTAvali, badhIcanda mandira, jayapura, guTakA naM. 108.

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________________ 106 samabhaya samAna arthoM meM kiyA hai| unake vizleSANa kI prakriyA bhale hI pRthaka rahI ho| isalie hara samusAmA ke sAhitya meM isake bheda-prameva mI apane DhaMga se kiye gaye haiN| jama-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM mithyAtva usa dRSTi ko kahA gayA hai jisameM vizuddhatA na ho, para padArthoM meM prAsakti ho, ekAntavAdI kA pakSapAtI ho, bhedavijJAna jAgrata na humA ho, karma ke manoroM se saMsAra meM vaisA hI DolatA ho jaise badharUr3e meM par3A pattA, koSAdi kaSAyoM se grasita ho, paura kSaNa bhara me sukhI aura kSaNa bhara meM duHkhI bana jAtA ho  /  mAyA, mithyA aura zoka ina tInoM ko zalya kahA gayA hai| vAmaNa inhIM meM ulajhe rahate haiM  /  vyakti inake rahate vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jisa prakAra lAla raMga ke kAraNa se dUsarA paTa bhI lAla dikhAI detA hai athavA kapirAdi se sApha karane para kapar3A sapheda nahIM raha sktaa| usI prakAra mithyAsya se prAbuta rahane para samyak jJAnAdika guNoM kI prApti nahIM kI jA sktii| pudagala prathayA padArthoM se moha rakhanA tathA pudgala aura AtmA ko eka rUpa mAnanA yahI mithyAbhrama hai  /  prAtmA jaba pudgala kI dazA ko mAnane lagatA hai tabhI usameM karma maura vibhAva utpanna honA prArambha ho jAte haiM  /  pariprahAdika bar3ha jAte haiN| madirApAna kiye bandara ko yadi vicchU kATa jAya to jisa prakAra vaha utpAda karatA hai usI prakAra mithyAjJAnI bhI prAtmajJAnI na hone ke kAraNa bhaTakatA rahatA hai| karma rUpI roga kI do prakRtiyoM hotI haiM  /  eka kampana maura dUsarI aiMThanA  /  zAstrIya paribhASA meM ina donoM ko kramaza: pApa aura puNya kahA gayA hai| vizuddhAramA ina donoM se zUnya rahatA hai| pApa ke samAna puNya ko bhI jaina darzana meM duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai kyoMki vaha bhI eka prakAra kA rAga hai aura rAga mukti kA kAraNa ho nahIM sktaa| yaha avazya hai ki dAnapUjArika zubha bhAva haiM jo zuddhopayoga ko prApta karAne meM sahayogI hote haiM  /  isalie banArasIrAsa ne puNya ko bhI 'roga' rUpa mAna liyA hai| pApa se tapAdika roga, cintA, duHkha prAdi utpanna hote haiM aura puNya se saMsAra bar3hAne vAle viSapabhogoM kI buddhi pArsa-raudrAdi dhyAna utpanna hote haiN| mithyAvI ina donoM ko samAna mAnatA hai, kampana roga se bhaya karatA hai maura aiMThana se" prIti  /  eka meM udvega hotA hai aura dUsare meM upazAnti  /  eka meM kacchapa jaisA 1. vitra dekhie, sa. bhAmacandra jaina, bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, prathamAdhyAya 2. bamArasI vilAsa, mAnamAvanI 5, nATaka samayasAra, utpAnikA, 9. bhUdhara vilAsa, pada 9. 3. banArasI vilAsa, mokSa paiThI 9. 4, vahI, karma battIcI .

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________________ 10th saMkoca, turaga.sI. kamAla maura, pandhakAra jaisA samaya rahatA hai. aura, dUsare meM, bakarakuda-sI umaMga, bakarabanda jaisI cAla tathA mahArabAhI prakAra hogaa| tama aura ucoda ye donoM pragala ko paryAya haiM para, mithyA zAjAma mameM apIla paidA nahIM hotA isalie saMsAra meM bhaTakate rahate haiN| donoM hAthe hilone. vAlI haiN| koI parvata se girakara maratA hai to koI kUpa se| maraNa donoM kA eka hai, rUpa vividha bhale hI hoN| donoM ke mAtA-pitA kramazaH vedanIya mAra mohanIya hai| unhIM se ve bandhe hue haiN| zRMkhalA eka hI hai.cAhe vaha lohe kI ho athavA svarNa kI ho| jisakI citta dazA jaisI hogI usakI dRSTi vaisI hI hogii| isalie zAnI saMsAra cakra ko samApta kara detA hai para mithyAtvI use aura bhI bar3hA letA hai| puNya-pApa donoM saMsAra bhramaNa ke bIja hai| inhIM ke kAraNa indriyoM ko sukha-duHkha milatA hai  /  maiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne isalie ina donoM ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyA hai| ajarAmara pada prApti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai| banArasIdAsa ne ise nATaka samayasAra ke puNyapApa ekatvadvAra meM isa tattva para vizada prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne kahA hai jaise kisI cAMDAlanI ke do pukahue, umameM se usane eka putra brAhmaNa ko diyA aura eka apane ghara meM rakhA ! jo brAhmaNa ko dipA vaha brAhmaNa kahara lAyA aura madya-mAMsa bhakSaNa kA tyAgI humA  /  jo ghara meM rahA vaha pANDAla kahalAyA tathA mahA-mAMsabhakSI humA  /  usI prakAra eka vedanIya karma ke pApa aura puNya bhinna-bhiva nAma vAle do putra haiM, ke donoM saMsAra meM maTakAte haiN| aura donoM baMdhaparamparA ko bar3hAte haiM  /  isase jJAnI loma donoM ko hI abhilASA nahIM krte| jaise kAhU caMDAlI jumala-putra jane ziki, eka dIyo rAmana ke eka ghara rAkhyo hai| bAMmana kahApaura vinimaya-mAMsa tyAkAkIlA, cAMDAla kahAyotiki majanmAMka vAlI hai  /  /  taiseM eka vedanI karama ke jugala pura, eka pApa eka putra nAma bhinna bhAkhyo hai| duI mohi daura dhUpa doU karmabandhakrama, yAta gyAnavaMta nahi kou abhilAgyo hai| banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samaya-sAra meM eka rUpaka ke mAdhyama se,mithyAtva ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| zarIrarUpI mahala meM karmarUpI bhArI palaMga hai, mAyA kI zayyA sajI huI hai, saMkalpa vikalpa kI cAdara tanI huI hai| cetanA apane svarUpa 1. banArasI vilAsa, karmachattIsI, 1-39. 2. brahmavilAsa, anAdi battIsikA, pR.220. 3. nATaka samayasAra, pR. 96.

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________________ 168 ko bhUlA humA nidrA kI goda meM par3A huA hai, moha ke jhakoroM se netroM ke palaka iMka rahe haiM, karmodaya se tIvra purakane kI AvAja ho rahI hai, viSaya sukha kI khoja meM bhaTakanA svapna hai, aisI ajJAnAvasthA meM prAtmA sadA mamna hokara mithyAtva meM bhaTakatA phiratA hai, parantu apane prAtmasvarUpa ko nahIM dekhatA. kAyA citrasArI meM karama parajaMka bhArI, mAyA kI saMvArI seja cAdari kalpanA  /  saina kara cetana pracetanA nIMda liye, ___moha kI maroTa yahai locana ko DhapanA  //  udai bala jora yahai zvAsako sabada ghora, viSa-sukha kAraja kI daura yahai sapanA  /  aisI mUDha dasA maiM magana rahai tihuMkAla, ghAba bhrama jAla maiM na pAvai rUpa apanA  // 1 mithyAjJAnI tattva ko samajha nahIM paataa| usakA jJAna vasA hI dabA rahatA hai jaisA meghaghaTA meM candra  /  vaha sadguru kA upadeza nahIM sunatA, tIno avasthAmoM meM ninda hokara ghUmatA rahatA hai  /  mariNa aura kAMca meM use koI antara nahIM dikhtaa| satya mora asatya kA use koI bhedajJAna bhI nahI hai| tathya to yaha hai ki maNi kI parakha jauharI hI kara sakatA hai  /  satya kA jJAna jJAnI ko hI ho sakatA hai| kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne isI bAta ko kitane mArmika DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai "rUpa kI na jhAMka hiye karama ko DAMka piye, jJAna dabi raha yo miragAMka jaise dhana meM  /  locana kI DhAMka so na mAne sadguru hAMka, Dole mUr3ha raMga so nizaMka nihUMpana meM  // 2 mithyAtva ke udaya se viSayabhogoM kI ora mana daur3atA hai  /  ve suhAvane lagate hai| rAga ke binA bhoga kAle nAma ke samAna pratIta hote haiN| rAma se hI samUce zarIra kA saMvardhana hotA hai aura samUce mithyA saMsAra ko samyak mAnane lagatA hai| isalie kavivara bhUSaradAsa ne rAgI bhora virAgI ke bIca mantara spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki yaha antara vaise hI hai jaise baiMgana kisI ko pamya hotA hai aura kisI ko vAyUvarSaka hotA hai  /  mithyAjJAnI svayaM ko catura maura dUsare ko mUr3ha mAnatA 1. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarAdvAra 14, pR. 138. 2. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 5, pR. 224. 3. rAgIvirAgI ke vicAra meM baDoI bheda, jaise 'bhaTA pacakAhUM kAhU ko bayAre  / ' na sataka, 18

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________________ 109 hai  /  sAMyakAla ko prAtaHkAla mAnatA hai, zarIra ko hI saba kucha mAnakara pradhere meM banA rahatA hai| kavivara bhAvuka hokara isIlie kaha uThate haiM ki re ajJAnI, pApa dhatUrA mata bo| usake phala mRtyuvAhaka hoNge| kiMcida bhautika sukha-prApti kI lAlasA meM tU apanA yaha narajanma kyoM vyartha khotA hai ? isa samaya to dharma-kalpavRkSa kA siMcana karanA caahie| yadi tuma viSa bote ho to tumase prabhAgA aura kauna ho sakatA hai  /  saMsAra meM sabase adhika duHkhadAyaka phala imI vRkSa ke hote haiM prataH bhoMdu mata bana  /  ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boy| phala cAkhana kI vAra bhare draga, marahai mUrakha roya  //  vastarAma kA cetana bhI aisA hI bhoMdu bana gayA  /  vaha saba kucha bhUlakara mithyA saMsAra ko yathArtha mAnakara baiTha gyaa| dharma kyA hai, yaha mithyAjJAnI samajha nahIM paataa| aharniza viSaya bhogoM meM ramatA hai aura usI ko sukRta mAnatA hai| deva-kudeva, sAdhu-kusAdhu, dharma-kudharma prAdi meM use koI pantara nahIM dikhAI detA  /  moha kI nidrA meM vaha anAdikAla se so rahA hai| rAga-dveSa ke sAtha mithyAtva ke raMga meM raca gayA hai, viSayavAsanA meM phaMsa gayA hai| cetana karma caritra meM bhayA bhagavatIdAsa ne isakI bar3I sundara mImAMsA kI hai  /  mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI meM unhoMne mithyAtva ko spaSTa kiyA hai| mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI anAdikAla se yaha prazuddhatA banI huI hai| mokSapatha rukA huA hai, sakaTa para saMkaTa sahe gaye haiN| phira bhI cetana usase mukta nahIM ho rahA  /  moha ke dUra hone se rAga-dveSa dUra hoMge, karma kI upAdhi naSTa hogI aura cidAnanda apane zuddha rUpa ko prApta kara skegaa| anyathA mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI vaha caturgati me bhramaNa karatA rhegaa| jaba taka mithyAtva hai jaba taka bhrama rahegA aura jaba taka bhrama hai taba taka karmoM se mukti nahIM mila sakatI aura na hI samyagjJAna ho sakatA hai| mithyAjJAna ke kAraNa svaparakveika jAgrata nahIM ho paataa| pUrvAvasthA meM to viSaya bhogoM meM ramaNa karatA hai para jaba vRddhAvasthA pAtI hai to rudana karatA hai| koSAdika kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara nigoda kA bandha karatA hai| sAre jIvana bhara gAMTha kI kamAI khAtA hai, eka kaur3I kI bhI naI kamAI nahIM karatA  /  isase adhika 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 166. 2. vahI, pR. 166. 3. brahmavilAsa, zata praSTotarI, 4. brahmavilAsa, mithyAtva vidhvaMsana caturdazI, 7-12. 5. brahmavilAsa, upadezapacIsikA, 20.

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________________ 1010 mUdAra kauna ho sakatA hai yaha cetana-cetana kI hiMsA karatA rahA, bhaIya-abhakSya "sAtA rahA, satva ko satya aura asatya kI satya mAnatI rahA, 'vastu ke svabhAva ko nahI pahacAnA, mAtra bAhya kriyAkANDa ko dharma mAnartA rahA tathA ku~guru, kudeva aura supara kA sevana karatA rahA  /  moha ke prama se rAga-dveSa meM hu~do rahA  /  moha kepariNAma svarupa jIpa meM rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai| rAgadveSa usakA mUla svabhAva nhiiN| rAgAdika ke raMga se sphaTika bhariNa jaisA vizuddha cetana bhI raMgIlA dikhAI dene lagatA hai| yaha raMgIlA bhAva mithyAtva hai  /  midhyAtva se hI vaha kAyA mAyA ko sthira mAnakara usameM pAsarata rahatA hai| lobhI banakara icchAmoM kI dAvAnala meM bhukharatA rahatA hai| jIva bhora punala ke bheda ko na samajhakara majJAnI banA rahatA hai|' kavivara dyAnatarAya mithyAjJAnI kI sthiti dekhakara pUcha uThate haiM ki he mAtman, yaha mithyAtva tumane kahAM se prApta kiyA ? sArA saMsAra svArtha kI bhora nihAratA hai para tumheM apanA svArtha svakalyANa nahIM rucaa| isa apavitra, acetana deha meM tuma kaise mohAsakta ho gaye ? apanA parama pratIndriya sAkSAta sukha chor3akara indriyoM kI viSaya-vAsanA meM tanmaya ho rahe ho  /  tumhArA tamba mAma jar3a kyoM ho gayA aura tumane apanA ananta jJAnAdika guNoM se yukta apanA nAma kyoM mulA diyA ? triloka kA svatantra rAjya chor3a kara isa paratantra ko svIkArate hue tumheM lajjA nahIM paatii| mithyAtva ko dUra karane ke bAda hI tuma karmamala se mukta ho sakoge aura paramAtmA kahalA skoge| tabhI tuma ananta sukha ko prApta kara mukti prApta kara skoge| "jIva ! tU mUDhapanA kita paayo| saba jaga svAratha ko cAhata hai, svAraya tohi na bhaayo| azuci aceta duSTa tana mAhI, kahA jAna viramAyo  /  parama atindrI nija mukha hari ke, viSaya-roga sakTAyo  /  /  1. "khAya calyo gAMDa kI kamAI kaur3I eka naahii| so sau mUDha dUsarI na DhUDhayo kahU~ pAyo hai  /  /  brahmavilAsa, anityapacIsikA, 11. 2. vahI, supatha-kupatha pacIsikA, 5-22. 3. vahI, moha bhramASTaka 4. vahI, rAgAdi nirNayASTaka, 2. 5. hindI pada saMgraha, budhajana, pR. 196. 6. suSajanavilAsa, 29. 7. vahI, 71.

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________________ pailana nAma bhayo jar3a kAhe, apanI nAma kamAyo  /  tIna loka kI rAja chADika, bhIkha mAMga na lagAyo  / ' bhUupanA mithyA aba chUTe, taba tU santa kahAyo  /  'cAnata' sukha ananta ziva vilasI, yoM sadguru batalAyI 11 daulatarAma isa mithyA bhrama-nidrA ko dekhakara atyanta dur3I hue aura kaha uThe-re nara, isa duHkhadAI bhrama nidrA ko chor3ate kyoM nahIM ho ? cirakAla se nasI meM par3e hue ho, para yaha nahIM socate ki isameM tumhArA kyA kitanA ghATA isA hai ? mUrkha vyakti pApa-puNya kAryoM meM koI bheda nahIM karatA aura na usakA marma hI samajhatA hai| jeba duHkhoM kI jvAlA meM jhulasane lagatA hai taba use kaSTa hotA hai| itane para bhI nidrA bhaMga nahIM hotI  /  kavi punaH anya prakAra se kahatA hai ki tumhAre sira para yamarAja ke bhayaMkara bAje baja rahe haiM, aneka vyakti pratidina prANa tyAyate haiN| kyA tumheM yaha samAcAra sunAI nahIM diyA ? tumane apanA rUpa to mulA diyA paura para rUpa ko svIkAra kara liyA  /  itanA hI nahI, tumane indriya viSayoM kA Idhana jalAkara icchAmoM ko bar3hA diyaa| aba to eka yahI mArga hai ki tuma rAga-dveSa ko chor3akara mokSa ke rAste ko pakar3a lo :he nara, bhrama-nIda kyoM na chor3ata du.khadAI  /  sovata cirakAla soMja mApanI umAI  /  /  mUrakha adhakarma kahA, bheda nahiM marma lahA  /  lAgai duHkha jvAlA kI na deha ke tatAI  //  jama ke rava bAjate, sumairava ati gAjate  /  aneka prAna tyAgate, sunai kahA na bhaaii| jaina rahasyavAda meM mithyAkSya ke tIna bheda hote haiM-miyAdarzana, mithyAmana aura mithyAcAritra  /  ye tInoM bheda gRhIla aura agRhIta sya hote haiN| gRhIta kA parva hai bAjhakAraNoM se grahaNa karanA maura magahIta kA tAtparya hai nisargama, anAdikAla se honA  /  inhIM ke kAraNa saMsArI bhava prApaNa karatA rahatA hai| jIvAdi sapta savIM ke svarUpa para yathArtha rUpa se zraddhA na karanA agRhIta mithyAvarzana hai aura usase jalA hone vAlA jJAna pragrahIta mithyAjJAna hai  /  paMcendriyoM ke viSaya bhogoM kA sevana karanA agrahIta mithyAcArima hai| inake kAraNa jIva pave mApako sulI-yuHkhI, banI, minI, sabala, nirbala Adi rUpa se mAnatA hai, zarIra ke utpanna hone para apanI utpatti aura zarIra ke naSTa hone para apanA nAza samajhatA hai, rAgadveSAdi kArasoM ko juTAtA hai paura prArama-mAliko maukara icchAmoM kA ambAra samAna hai| nahIM miyAdarzana meM jIva kugurU, kudeva aura kudharma kA devana karatA hai| guru kA vaha vyakti jo mithyAtvAdi antaraMga parigraha aura pItavastrAdibAsa pariSada ko bhArata karatA ho, 1. madhyAtma padAvali, pR. 360 2. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 3441

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________________ 112 apane ko suni mAnatA ho, manAtA ho| rAga-dveSAdi yukta deva-kudeva haiM aura hiMsAdi kA upadeza dene vAlA dharma kudharma hai  /  inakA sevana karane vAlA vyakti saMsAra meM svayaM DUbatA hai aura dUsare ko bhI DubAtA hai  /  ve ekAntavAda kA kathana karate haiM tathA bhedavijJAna na hone se kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara zarIra ko kSINa karane vAlI aneka prakAra kI haThayogAdika kriyAyeM karate haiM  /  1 midhyAdRSTi jIva paMcendriyoM ke viSaya sukha meM nijasukha bhUla jAtA hai  /  jaise kalpavRkSa ko jar3a se ukhAr3akara dhatUre ko ropa diyA jAya, gajarAja ko becakara gaMdhe ko kharIda liyA jAya, cintAmariNa ratna ko pheMkakara kAMca grahaNa kiyA jAya vaise hI dharma ko bhUlakara viSayavAsanA ko sukha mAnA jAya to isase adhika mUrkhatA aura kyA ho sakatI hai  / " ye indriyAM jIva ko kupatha meM le jAne vAlI haiM, turaga sI vakragati vAlI haiM, vivekahAriNI uraga jaisI bhayaMkara, puNya rUpa vRkSa ko kuThAra, kugatipradAyanI fararaaraat, wittikAriNI aura durAcArarvAdhiraNI haiN| viSayAbhilASI jIva kI pravRtti kaisI hotI hai, isakA udAharaNa dekhiye : dharmatarumaMjana ko mahAmatta kuMjara se, prApadA bhaNDAra ke bharana ko karorI haiM  /  satyazIla rokane ko paur3ha paradAra jaise durgati ke mAraga calAyave ko ghorI hai  //  kumati ke adhikArI kunaMpaMtha vihArI, bhadrabhAva IMdhana jarAyabe ko horI hai  /  mRSA ke sahAI durabhAvanA ke bhAI aise viSayAbhilASI jIva agha ke aghorI hai  //  bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa cetana ko udbodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki tuma una dinoM ko bhUla gaye jaba mAtA ke udara meM nava mAha taka ulTe laTake rahe. Aja yauvana ke rasa meM unmatta ho gaye ho| dina bIteMge, yauvana bItegA, vRddhAvasthA prAyegI, maura yama ke cihna dekhakara tuma duHkhI hoge  /  zrare cetana, tuma zrAtmasvabhAva ko bhUlakara indriyasukha meM magna ho gaye, krodhAdikapAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara dara-dara bhaTaka gaye, kabhI tumane bhAminI ke sAtha kAma krIr3A kI kamI lakSmI ko saba kucha mAnakara anItipUrvaka dravyArjana kiyA aura kabhI balI banakara nirbaloM ko pratAr3ita kiyA  /  aSTa madoM se tuma khUba khele aura dhana-dhAnya, putrAdi icchAoM kI pUrti meM lage rhe| para ye saba sukha mAtra sukhAbhAsa haiM, kSaNika haiM, tumhArA sAtha dene vAle nahIM  /  nArI viSa kI vela hai, duHkhadAI hai| inakA saMga chor3a denA hI zreyaskara hai 18 2 chahaDhAlA, daulatarAma, dvitIya DhAla; manamodaka paMcazatI, 106-8 1 banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsUkta muktAvalI, 6 pR. 201 1. 2. 3. vahI, 72, pR. 54 4. brahmavilAsa, prAta praSTottarI, 32-331 5. brahmavilAsa, 39-44, hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 431 6. vahI, 79-81

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________________ 1 isI prakAra dhana-sampatti bhI jIva ko durgati meM le jAne vAlI hai| vaha capalA-sI caMcala hai, dAvAnala-sI vRthalA ko bar3hAne vAlI hai, kulaTA-sI DolatI hai, bandhu virodhinI, chalakAriNI aura kavAyavadhiNI hai| krodhAdika kaSAya bhI isI taraha cetana ko durgati meM le jAne vAle hote haiM  /  kroSa, bhrama, bhaya, cintA dhAdi ko bar3hAne vAlA, sarpa ke samAna bhayaMkara, viSavRkSa ke samAna jIvana haraNa karane vAlA, kalahakArI, yazahArI aura dharma mArga vidhvaMsaka hai  /  mAyA kumati-guphA hai, jahAM badha -buddhi kI ghUmarekhA aura kopa kA dAvAnala uThatA rahatA hai| mAnI madAMdha gaja ke samAna rahatA hai| isalie bhagavatIvAsa ne 'aife ve abhiyAna jiyare chAMDi de abhimAna  / ' tU' kisakA hai aura terA kauna hai ? sabhI isa jagata meM mehamAna bana kara prAye haiM, koI vastu sthira nahIM  /  kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kSaNa bhara meM tuma kahA~ pahu~coge  /  bar3e-bar3e bhUpa prAye aura gaye taba tU kyoM garva karatA hai ? mAyA vetana ke zubha bhAvoM ko pracchanna kara detI hai| vaha kuzalajanoM ke lie air uaura satyahAriNI hai| moha kA kuMjara usameM nivAsa karatA hai, vaha prapayaza kI khAna, pApa-santApadAyinI, avizvAsa aura vilApa kI gRhiNI hai  / " banArasIdAsa 1. 2. banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsuktAvalI, 73-76 jo sujana vitta vikAra kArana, manahu madirA pAna  /  jo bharama bhaya cintA baDhAvata, prasita sarpa samAna  //  jo jantu jIvana harana viSa taya, tanadahanadavadAna  /  so koparAMza binAzi bhavijana, pahahU ziva sulavAna  //  bahI bhASAsuktAvalI, 451, 3. vahI, 511 4. chAMr3i de prabhimAna biyare 113 de abhimAna  //  mrat tU aru kauna tere, sahI haiM mahimAta  //  deza rAjA raMka koU~, pira nahIM yaha thAna || 1 || brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada paMkti, 12, pR. 113 5. vahI, phuTakara kavitA, 15, pR. 276 | 6. kucala jananako bAMjha, satya raviharana sA~jha miti  /  kugati yuvatI uramAla, moha kuMjara nivAsa citi  /  hama vArija himarAzi, pApa santApa mahAyani  /  prayaza khAni jAna, tajahu mAyA duHkhadAyani  //  banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsuktAvalI, 53-56

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________________ 114 ne mAyA aura khAyA ko eka mAnA hai kyoMki ye donoM kSaNa-kSaNa meM ghaTatI-bar3hatI rahatI haiN| unhoMne mAyA kA bojha rakhane vAle kI apekSA khara payavA rIcha ko adhika acchA maanaa| bhUparadAsa ne use ThaganI kahA hai suni ThaganI mAyA, te saba jaga Thaga khAyA  /  Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA so mUrakha pachatAyA ||suni  // 1 //  mAmA tanaka dikhAya bijju jyoM mUr3hamatI llcaayaa| kari mada aMdha dharmahara lInoM, anta naraka pahuMcAyA  //  ni  /  / 2413 mAnandadhana bhI mAyA ko mahAThaganI mAnate haiM aura usase vilaga rahane kA upadeza dete haiM avadhU aiso jJAna vicArI, vAmeM koNa puruSa koraNa nArI  /  bammana ke ghara nhAtI potI, jogI ke ghara celI  //  kalamA par3ha bhaI re surakar3I, to Apa hI mApa akelii| sasuro hamAro bAlo bholo, sAsU bolA kuMvArI  //  piyujo hamAro hoI pAraNiye, to maiM hUM jhulAvanahArI  /  nahIM hU~ paraNI, nahIM hU~ kuvArI, putra jaNAbana hArI  //  lobha meM bhI sukha kA leza nahIM rahatA  /  lobhI kA mana sadaiva malIna rahatA hai| vaha jJAna-ravi rokane ke lie gharAghara, sukRti rUpa samudra ko sokhane ke lie kumbha nada, kopAdiko utpanna karane ke lie arariNa, moTa ke lie viSavRkSa, mahAdRr3hakanda, viveka ke lie rAhu aura kalaha ke lie kelimIna haiN| banArasIdAsa ne sabhI pApoM kA mUla lobha ko, duHkha kA mUla sneha ko aura vyAdhi kA mUla ajIrNa ko batAyA hai| budhajana kA mana lobha ke kAraNa kabhI tRpta hI nahIM ho paataa| jitanA bhoga milatA hai utanI hI usakI tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai| isalie kabhI use sukha bhI nahIM milatA  / ' lobha kI pravRtti mAzAjanya hotI hai  /  bhUdharadAsa ne pAzA ko nadI mAnakara 1. mAyA chAyA eka hai, ghaTa bar3e chinamAhi  /  inakI saMgati je lage, tinahiM kahIM sukha nAhiM  // 16 //  vahI pR. 2051 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 154  /  3. Anandadhana bahottarI, pada 98  /  4. banArasIvilAsa, mASA sUktAvalI, 58 5. bahI, 19, pR. 205, brahmavilAsa, puNyapIsikA, 11 pR.4  /  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 1971 budhajanavilAsa, 291

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________________ usakA sundara varNana kiyA hai| mAzApa nahI moha rUpI Uce parvata se nikalakara sAre bhUtala para phaila jAtI hai| usameM viviSa ,manoratha kA jana, vRSNA ko taraMge, ama kA bhaMvara, yapa kA mamara, cintA kA taTa hai jo dharma-pakSa ko bahAte cale jAte haiMmoha se mahAna U~ce parvata sau Dhara AI, tihajaga bhUtala meM yA hI visatarI hai| vividha manoratha meM bhUri jalamarI bahai, misanA taraMgani so mAkulatA parI hai| paraM bhrama bhora jahA~ rAgaso magara tahA~, cintA taTatuMga dharmavRcchaDhAya DharI hai| aisI yaha pAzA nAma nadI hai agAdha tAkoM, dhanya sAdhu dhIraja jahAja caDhi tarI hai| loma se munigaNa bhI prabhAvita hue binA nahIM rahate, usakA loma ziva-ramaNI se ramaNa karane kA banA rahatA hai| aisA lobhI vyakti naga cintAmaNI ko chor3akara patthara ko baToratA, sundara vastra chor3akara cithar3e ikaTThe karatA tathA kAmadhenu ko chor3akara bakarI grahaNa karatA hai  /  nama cintAmaNi DArike patthara jou, graha nara mUrakha soii| sundara pATa paTambara ambara chorika moMDharaNa leta hai loI  //  kAmadUdhA parateM jU viDAra ke kheri gaheM matimaMda ji koii| dharma ko chora adharma kauM jasarAja uNeM nija buddhi vigoI 112113 saMsArI jIva ina krodhAdi kapAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara sAdhanA ke vimala patha para lIna nahIM ho pAtA  /  koSaM, mAna, mAvA, lobhAdi vikAroM se grasta hokara baha masaraNa ko aura bhI Age bar3hA letA hai| use zAzvata sukha kI prApti meM sarvAdhika bAdhaka tattva ye kaSAya haiM jo pAtmA ko saMsAra-sAgara meM bhaTakAte rahate haiN| moha maSTa karmoM meM prabalatama karma hai mohanIya, usI ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| dhana kI tRSA-tRpti aura vanitA kI prIti meM vaha dharma se vimukha ho jAtA hai  /  apane indriya sukha ke lie sabhI taraha ke acche-bure sAdhana apanAtA hai  /  aise vyakti kI moha-nidrA itanI tIvra hotI hai ki jagAne para bhI vaha jAgatA nahIM  /  vaha to para padAthoM meM pAsakta rahatA hai| use sva-para viveka nahIM rahatA  /  miSpAsvavaza merA-merA kI raTa lagAtA rahatA hai| yaha moha caturgati ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa 1 jainabataka, 761 2. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 2351 3. hindI pada saMgraha, paM. rUpacandra, pR. 31  /  4. vahI, pR. 33 1 sva para viveka vinA bhrama bhUlyo, mai meM karata rahyo, pada 411

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________________ 116 hotA hai| jIva parakIya vastu para mugdha hokara svakIya vastu ko chor3a baiThatA hai| moha kA prabala pratApa itanA teja rahatA hai ki jIva usase sadaiva saMtapta banA rahatA hai| sura nara indra sabhI mohIjana astra ke binA bhI prastravAna haiN| hari, hara, brahmA mAdika mahApuruSoM ne use chor3a diyA para jinhoMne nahIM chor3A ve jIvana bhara vilApa karate rahate haiM  /  isalie paM0 rUpacandra bhAvavibhora hokara bar3e prAgraha se jIva kI salAha dete haiM ki isa moha ko chodd'o| isa pApa se duHkhI kyoM bane ho  /  jisa prakAra pavana ke jhakoroM se jala meM taraMgeM uThatI haiM vaise hI parivaha maura moha ke kAraNa mana caMcala ho uThatA hai  /  jaise koI sarpa kA DaMsA vyakti apanI ruci se nIma khAtA hai vaise hI yaha saMsArI prANI mamatA-moha ke vazIbhUta hokara indriyoM ke viSaya sukha meM lagA hai  /  pranantakAla se isI mahAmoha kI nIMda ke kAraNa caturgati meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| moha ke kAraNa hI vyakti eka vastu ke aneka nAma nirdhArita kara letA hai  /  unake anekatva ko ekatva meM dekhatA hai  /  kalpita nAma ko bhI mohavaza tInoM avasthAoM meM ekasA aura yathArtha mAnatA hai  /  para yaha bhrama hai  /  usa bhrama para hI vicAra kyoM nahIM kara letA ? yadi usa para vicAra kara le to isa saMsAra se pAra ho jaayegaa| moha se vikala hone para jIva cetana ko bhUla jAtA hai aura deha meM rAga karane lagatA hai| sArA parivAra svArtha se prerita hotA hai  /  janma aura maraNa karane vAlA prANI svayaM akelA rahatA hai para vaha sAre saMsAra kA moha baTore calatA hai  /  vaha socatA hai, yadi vibhUti hotI to dAna detA  /  aura bhI usake mana meM prapaMca mAte haiM jinake kAraNa saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai  /  vaha bandha kA kAraNa juTAtA hai, para mokSa prApti kA upAya nahIM jaantaa| yadi jAna jAtA to bhava-bhramaNa sahaja hI dUra ho jaataa| jIva ke lie usakA moha sarvAdhika mahAduHkhadAI hotA hai  /  manAdikAla se mAtmA kI ananta zakti ko usane chipA diyA thaa| krama krama se usane narabhava prApta kiyA, phira bhI moha ko nahIM chodd'aa| jisa parivAra ko apanA mAnakara pAlA-posA, vaha bhI chor3akara calA gayA, janma-maraNa ke duHkha bhI pAye  /  isakA mUla kAraNa moha hai jisakA tyAga kiye binA paramapada prApta nahIM ho sktaa|' mohI batmA ko 1. hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi, pR. 38 /  2. vahI, pR. 41 tohi apanapI bhUlyo re bhAI, pada 55 /  3. vahI, pR. 50 /  4. banArasIvilAsa, mAnapaccIsI 5-61 5. vahI, nAmanirNaya vidhAna, 7 pR. 1721 6. vahI, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 2-4  /  7. brahmavilAsa, paramArtha pada pNkti,6|

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________________ 112. paradezI mAnakara kavi kaha uThA- isa paradezI kA kyA vizvAsa  /  yaha na subaha binA hai, na zAma, kahIM bhI cala detA hai, sabhI kuTumbiyoM ko aura zarIra ko chor3akara dUra deza calA jAtA hai, koI usakI rakSA karane vAlA nahIM  /  saca to yaha hai, kisI se kitanI bhI prIti karo, yaha nizcita hai ki vaha eka dina pRthak ho jAyegA  /  isane bana se prIti kI paura dharma ko mUla gyaa| moha ke kAraNa anantakAla taka ghUmatA rahA  /  rAga-drava, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, viSayavAsanA Adi vikAroM meM magna rahA  /  unake kAraNa duHkhoM ko bhI bhogatA rahA para kabhI sukha nahIM pAyA " isalie bhagavatIdAsa bar3e duHkhI hokara kahate haiM- "cetana pare moha vaza dhAya  / " yaha cetana moha ke vaza hokara viSaya bhogoM meM rama jAtA hai  /  vaha kabhI dharma ke viSaya meM socatA nahIM  /  samudra meM cintAmaNiratna pheMkakara jaise mUrkha pazcAttApa karatA hai vaise hI yaha mohI narabhava pAkara bhI dharma na karane para phira anta meM pazcAttApa karegA  /  moha ke bhrama se hI adhikAMza karma kiye jAte haiN| moha ko cetana aura acetana meM koI bheda nahIM dikhAI detA  /  moha ke vaza kisane kyA kiyA hai, ise purANa kathAnoM kA prAdhAra lekara bhagavatIdAsa ne sUcita kiyA hai  /  una kathAoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki moha kI pariNati do haiM- - rAga aura dveSa ina donoM ke kAraNa jIva mithyAbhrama meM par3a jAtA hai  /  yaha bhIva ghinaune zarIra meM lIna rahatA, nArI ke er se deha para prAkarSita hotA, lakSmI ke kAraNa bar3e-bar3e mahArAjA apanA para chor3akara prajA ke samAna lobha kI pUrti ke lie DolatA hai  /  bhagavatIdAsa ko una sAMsAriyoM para bar3I haMsI prAtI hai jo isa choTI-sI prAyu meM karor3oM upAya karate haiM  /  5 re mUr3ha  /  jise tUne ghara kahA hai vahAM Dara to aneka haiM para una sabhI ko bhUlakara viSaya-vAsanA meM phaMsa gayA hai  /  jala, coTa, udara, roga, zoka lokalAja, rAja zrAdi aneka DaroM se to tU DaratA hai para yamarAja ko nahIM DaratA  /  tU moha meM itanA for ulajha gayA hai ki terI mati aura gati donoM bigar3a gaI haiM  /  tU apane hAtha apane hI pairoM para kulhAr3I mAra rahA hai|" svapna battIsI kavi ne moha-nidrA kA 1. kahA~ paradezI ko patavAro, manamAne taba cale paMtha ko, sAMja girna na sakAro  /  saba kuTumba khAMDa itahI puni tyAga cale tana pyAro  // 11 //  vahI, pR. 10 1 2. vahI, paramArthapada paMkti 15, mAjhA, baghIcanda maMdira, jayapura meM surakSita prati  /  3. vahI, 25 1 4. brahmavilAsa, moha bhramASTaka | 5. vahI, puNyapApajagamUla paccIsI, 4, pR. 1951 6. vahIM, jina dharma pacItikA  / 

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________________ atyanta spaSTa nivaNa kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki usake tyAge binA vinAsI sukha nahIM mila sktaa| mere moha. ne merA saba kucha bigAr3a kara rakhA hai| karmarUpa mirikandarA meM usakA nivAsa rahatA hai  /  usameM chipe hue hI vaha bhaneka pApa karatA hai para kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detaa| indriya vAsanA meM paramana ke apaharaNa kA bhAva dikhAI detA hai| bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha kavi kahatA hai ki ina sabhI vikAroM ko dUra karane kA eka mAtra upAya jinavANI hai moha mere sAre ne vigAre pAnajIva saba, jagata ke 'bAsI taise bAsI kara rAkhe haiN| karmagirikaMdarA meM vasata chipAye prApa, karata aneka pApa jAta kase bhAkhe haiN| viSevana aura tAme cora ko nivAsa sadA, paraSa na harave ke bhAva abhilAse haiM  /  tApa jinarAja jUke baina phaujadAra car3he, pAna mAna mile cinheM mokSa veza dAkheM haiN| daulatarAma kA jIva to anAdikAla se hI zivapatha ko bhUlA hai| vaha moha ke kAraNa kabhI indriya sukho meM ramatA hai to kabhI mithyAjJAna ke cakkara meM par3A rahatA hai| jaba pravidyA-mithyAtva kA pardA khulatA hai to vaha kaha uThatA hai, re cetana, mohavazAt tUne vyartha meM isa zarIra se manurAga kiyA  /  isI ke kAraNa pranAdikAla se tU karmoM se baMdhA huA hai  /  yaha jar3a hai aura tU cetana, phira bhI yaha apanApana kase ? ye viSayabhoga bhujaga ke samAna haiM jisake Dasate hI jIva mRtyu-mukha meM calA jAtA hai| inake sevana karane se tRSNA rUpI pyAsa baMsI hI bar3hatI hai jaise kSAra jala pIne se bar3hatI hai| hai nara ! sayAne logoM kI zikSA ko svIkAra kyoM nahIM karate ? moha mada pIkara tumane apanI sudha bhulA dii| kubodha ke kAraNa kuvratoM meM magna ho gaye, jJAna sudhA kA manubhava nahIM liyaa| para padArthoM se mamatva jor3A mora saMsAra kI masaratA ko parakhA nhiiN| 1. brahmabilAsa, svapnabattIsI  /  2. vahI, phuTakara kavitA 2  /  3. "jIva tUM anAdi hI te mUlyo ziva melavA," hi. pada. saM. pR. 221  /  .. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 233  /  .. vahI, pR. 2311

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________________ 119 viSaya sevana se utpanna tRSNA ke khAre jala ko pIne ke bAda usakI pyAsa bar3hatI hai, khAja khujAne ke samAna prArambha meM to acchI lagatI hai para bAda meM duHkhadAyI hotI hai| vastutaH indriya bhoga viSaphala ke samAna hai  / ' budhajana ko to AtmaglAni-sI hotI hai ki isa AtmA ne svayaM ke svarUpa ko kyoM nahIM pahacAnA  /  mithyA moha ke kAraNa vaha abhI taka zarIra ko hI apanA mAMgatA rahA  /  dhatUrA khAne vAle kI taraha yaha prAtmA ajJAnatA ke jAla meM phaMsa gayA haiM  /  isalie kavi ko yaha cintA kA viSaya ho gayA ki vaha kisa prakAra zAzvata sukha ko prApta karegA  / " moha se hI mithyAtva panapatA hai  /  isalie sAdhakoM mora AcAryo ne isa moha ko vinaSTa karane kA upadeza diyA hai  /  jaba taka viveka jAgrata nahIM hotA, moha naSTa nahIM ho sakatA  /  yazapAla kA mohaparAjaya, vAdicanda sUri kA jJAnasUryodaya haradeva kA mayaNa-parAjaya- cariu, nAgadeva kA madanaparAjaya carita maura pAhala kA manakarahArAsa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM  /  banArasIdAsa kA moha viveka yuddha inhI se prabhAvita hai  /  acalakIrti ko mAyA, mohAdi ke kAraNa saMsAra-sAgara kaise pAra kiyA jAya, yaha cintA ho gii| mana rUpI hAthI ghATha madoM se unmatA ho gayA  /  tInoM mavasthAyeM vyartha gaMvA dIM, aba to prabhu kI hI zaraNa hai  /  kAhA karU~ kaise tara bhavasAgara bhArI  //  Teka  //  mAyA moha magana bhayo mahA vikala vikArI  //  kahA 0  //  sumana-sA maMjArI  /  jyu pratibala mahaMkArI || mana hastI mada grATha, cita pItA siMgha sAMpa moha sAdhaka kA prabalatama zatru hai  /  sAdhanA ke bAdhaka tatvoM meM yadi use naSTa kara diyA jAya to cirantana sukha bhI upalabdha karane meM pratyanta sahajatA ho jAtI hai  /  isalie sAdhakoM ne usake lie "mahAviSa" kI saMjJA dI hai| isa tathya ko sabhI arati meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| usakI hInAvikatA aura vizleSaNa kI prakriyA meM prantara avazya hai  /  1. paramArtha dohAzataka, 4-11, (rUpacandre), lUNakara mandira, jayapura meM surakSita prati  /  2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 245 1 3. "deSo caturAI moha kasma kI jagateM, prAnI saba rASe bhrama sAnikai  / " manarAma vilAsa, manarAma, 63, DoliyoM kA vi. jaina maMdira jayapura, veSTana naM0 395K 4. yaha pada lUNakarajI pANDA maMdira, jayapura ke guTakA naM. 114, patra 17.2-173 para aMkita hai  / 

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________________ jaina sAdhakoM ne dhArmika bAhyADambara ko rahasyasAdhanA meM bAdhaka mAnA hai| bAhya kriyAmoM se pAtmahita nahIM hotA isalie usakI gaNanA bandha paddhati meM kI gaI hai| bAhya kriyA moha-mahArAjA kA nivAsa hai, prajJAna bhAva rUpa rAkSasa kA nagara hai| karma aura zarIra mAdi pudgaloM kI mUrti haiM  /  sAkSAt bhASA se lipaTI mizrI bharI churI, hai| usI ke jAla meM yaha cidAnanda prAtmA phaMsatA jA rahA hai| usase zAna-sUrya kA prakAza chipa jAtA hai| prataH bAhya kriyA se jIva, dharma kA kartA hotA hai, nizcaya svarUpa se dekho to kriyA sadaiva duHkhadAyI hotI hai| isa sandarbha meM pItAmbara kA yaha kapana mananIya hai-"bheSadhAra kahe maiyA bheSa hI meM bhagavAna, bheSa meM na bhagavAna, bhagavAna na bhAva meM  / " banArasIdAsa ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki ambara ko mailA kara dene vAlA yoga-mArambara kiyA, aga vibhUti lagAyI, mRgachAlA lI aura ghara parivAra ko chor3akara vanavAsI ho gaye para svara kA viveka jAgrata nahIM humA  /  /  yA bhagavatIdAsa ne bAhyakriyAmoM ko hI saba kucha mAnane vAloM se prazna kiye ki yadi mAtra jalasnAna se mukti milatI ho to jala meM rahane vAlI machalI sabase pahale mukta hotI, dugdhapAna se mukti hotI to bAlaka sarvaprathama mukta hogA, maMga meM vibhUti lagAne se mukti hotI ho to gaSoM ko bhI mukti milegI, mAtra rAma kahane se makti ho to zuka bhI mukta hogA, dhyAna se mukti ho to baka mukta hogA, zira mur3Ane se mukti ho to bher3a bhI tira jAyegI, mAtra bastra chor3ane se mukta koI hotA ho to pazu mukta hoMge, pAkAza gamana karane se mukti prApta ho to pakSiyoM ko bhI mokSa milegA, pavana ke khAne se yadi mokSa prApta hotA to vyAla bhI mukta ho jAyeMge  /  yaha saba saMsAra kI vicitra rIti hai  /  saba to yaha hai ki tatvajJAna ke binA mokSa prApta nahIM ho sktaa| mithyAbhrama se deha ke pavitra ho jAne se pAtmA ko pavitra mAna lete haiM, 1. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhidvAra, 96-971 2. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 43 pR. 871 3. joga praDambara te kiyA, kara mambara mallA  /  bhaMga vibhUti lagAyake, lInI mRga challA  /  hai vanavAsI te tajA, gharabAra mahallA  /  mapyApara na bichAriNayAM saba jhUThI gallA  /  vahI, mokSapaDI, 8, pR. 1321 zuddhi te mInapiyeM payavAlaka, rAsabha aMga vibhUti lgaaye| rAma kahe zuka dhyAna gahe vaka, bher3a tira puni muuddmudd'aaye|| vastra vinA pazu vyoma pale khaga, vyAla tire mita pauma ke sAye  /  eto sabai jar3a rIta vicakSana ! mokSa nahIM bina tasva ke paaye| (mAvilAsa, mata aSTottarI, 11, pR. 10)

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________________ 121 anAcAra ko hI narma rAya-pApa karma ke bakara meM manAjamAna para kasA ho munAda beha ko jalAkara hI dharma mAnane vAla kA pravacana karate hue bhI zAstra ko nahIM sakyate  /  naradeha pAne se paMDita pahanAne se vIrSa sthAna karane se, dravyArjana karane se chatradhArI hone se, keza ke mujhane se aura bheSa dhAraNa karane se kyA tAtparya, yadi mArama prakAzAtmaka jJAna nahIM huaa| zAnAna kiye binA hI aneka prakAra ke sAdhu vividha sApanA karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| unameM kucakanaphaTA, jaTAdhArI, bhasma lapeTe, ceriyoM se ghire dhUma pAyI sAdhu hai. jo kAmavAsanA se pIr3ita aura viSayabhogoM meM lIna haiMke phira kAnaphaTA, keU pIsa dharai jaTA, . ke lie bhasmavaTA bhUle bhaTakata haiN| keU taja jAMhi aTA, keU dhereM cerI caTA, keU par3he paTa keU ghUma gaTakata haiN| ke tata kiye laTA, keU mahAdIseM kaTA, __ keU tarataTA keka rasA laTakata hai| bhrama bhAvate na haTA hiye kAma nAhIM ghaTA, virSa sukha raTA sAtha hAtha paTakata haiM 1100 kAna phaTAkara yogI bana jAte haiM, kaMdhe para jholI laTakA lete haiM, para byA kA vinAza nahIM karate to aise DhoMgI yogI banane kA koI phala nahIM  /  yati mA para indriyoM para vijaya nahIM pAyI, pAMcoM bhUtoM ko mArA nahIM, jIva majIva ko samajhA nahIM, veSa lekara bhI parAjita humA, veda par3hakara brAhmaNa kahalAye para bahmadazA kA zAna nahIM  /  prAtma tattva ko samajhA nahIM to usakA kyA tAtparya ? baMgala jAne bhasma 1. brahmavilAsa, supaMtha kupaMtha pacIsikA, 11, pR. 182  /  2. naradeha pAye kahA paMDita kahAyekahA, tIratha ke nhAye kahA tIra to na jaihe re| lacchi ke kamAye kahA macca ke pAye kahA, chatra ke parAye kahA chInatAna aihai re  /  keza ke muMgaye kahA bheSa ke banAye kahA, jobana ke prAye kahA jarAha na kheha re| bhrama ko vilAsa kahA durjana meM vAsa kahA, pAtma prakAza dina pIche pachita hai|" vahI, anitya pacIsikA, pR.114| 3. vahI, suddhi pauSItI, 10 pR. 1591

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________________ 122 car3hAne aura jaTA dhAraNa karane se koI artha nahIM, jaba taka para padArtho se pAzA na tor3I jAya  /  pANDe hemarAja ne bhI isI taraha kahA kI zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kiye| binA tIrtha snAna, zira muMDana, tapa-tApana prAdi saba kucha vyartha haiM-"zuddhAtama anubho binA kyoM pAvaM sivaSeta" "jinaharSa ne jJAna ke binA muNDana tapa Adi ko mAtra kaSTa uThAnA batAyA hai| una kriyAnoM se mokSa kA koI sambandha nahIM ---"kaSTa kare jasarAja bahuta pe gyAna binA ziva paMtha na pAveM  / " ziromaNidAsa ne "nahIM digambara nahIM sa dhAra, ye jatI nahIM bhava bhrameM apAra" kahakara aura paM. daulatarAma ne "iMDa muMDAye kahAM tattva nahi pAca jo lauM likhakara, bhUdharadAsa ne "antara ujjvala karanA re bhAI", kahakara isI tathya ko udghATita kiyA hai aura zithilAcAra kI bhartsanA kI hai| kizanasiMha ne bAhyakriyAoM ko vyartha batAkara antaraMga zuddhi para yaha kahakara bala diyA jina pApakU jIyA nahIM, tana mana kUSojyA nhiiN| mana maila kuMghoyA nahIM, aMgula kiyA to kyA humA  /  /  lAlaca karai dila dAma kI, SAsati karai bada kAma kii| hiradai nahIM suna rAma kI, hari hari kahyA to kyA huA  //  1. jogI huvA kAna phaDAyA jhorI mudrA garI hai| gorakha kahai asanA nahI mArI, pari dhari tumacI nyArI hai  /  / 2 /  /  jatI huvA indrI nahIM jItI, paMcabhUta nahiM mAryA hai  /  jIva ajIva ke samajhA nAhIM, bheSa lei kari hAsyA hai  // 4 //  veda par3he marU barAmana kahAvaM, brahma dasA nahIM pAyA hai| prAtma tattva kA praratha na samajyA, pothI kA janama gumAyA hai  /  / 5 /  /  jaMgala jAvai bhasma car3hAye, jaTA va dhArI kaisA hai| parabhava kI mAsA nahIM mArI, phira jaisA kA taisA hai  // 6 //  rUpacanda, sphuTapad 2-6, apabhraza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyabAda, pR. 184, abhaya jana granyAlaya bIkAnera kI hastalikhita prati  /  2. upadeza dohA zataka, 5-18 dIvAna badhIcanda maMdira jayapura, guTakA naM. 17, beSTana naM 636 /  3. jasarAja bAvanI, 56, ana gurjara kavimo, bhAga 2, pR. 116 /  4. siddhAnta ziromaNi, 57-58, hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR. 1681 5. hindI para saMgraha, pR. 1451

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________________ ias kRtA imAM dhana mAladA, ghaMdhA kara jNjaaldaa| hiradA humA vyaMmAladA, kAsI gayA to kyA humA  / " bAkriyAmoM ke karane se jIva rAgAdika vAsanAmoM meM lipta rahatA hai aura apanA mAtma kalyANa nahIM kara pAtA isalie aise bAhyADambaroM kA niSedha jaina sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM ne jainetara santoM ke samAna hI kiyA hai  /  daulatarAma ne deha mAzrita bAhyakriyAmoM ko mokSa prApti kI viphalatA kA kAraNa mAnA hai isalie ve kahate haiM mApA nahiM jAnA tUne kaisA zAnadhArI re  /  dehAzrita kari kriyA bhApako mAnata ziva-maga-dhArI re  /  nija-niveda vina ghora parIsaha, viphala kahI jina sArI re|| mana ko caMcalatA rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA kA kendra mana hai| usakI mati cUMki tIvratama hotI hai isalie use vaza meM karanA sAdhaka ke lie atyAvazyaka ho jAtA hai  /  mana kA zaithilya sAdhanA ko DagamagAne meM paryApta hotA hai| zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki hara sAdhanA meM mana ko vaza meM karane kI bAta kahI hai  /  jaina yoga sAdhanA bhI isameM pIche nahIM rhii| saMsArI mana kA yaha kucha svabhAva-sA hai ki jisa aura use jAne ke lie rokA jAtA hai usI aura vaha daur3atA hai  /  yaha manovaijJAnika tathya hai  /  paM. rUpacandra kA anubhava hai ki unakA mana sadaiva viparIta rIti calatA hai  /  jina sAMsArika padArthoM se usane kaSTa pAyA hai unhI me prIti karatA hai  /  para padArthoM meM mAsakta hokara banaitika mAcaraNa bhI karatA hai  /  kavi use vaza meM nahIM kara pAtA aura hArakara baiTha jAvA hai| kalAkAra banArasIdAsa ne mana ko jahAja kA rUpaka dekara usake svabhAva kI mora adhika spaSTa kara diyA hai| jisa prakAra kisI vyakti ko samudra pAra karane ke lie eka hI mArga rahatA hai jahAja, usI taraha bhava (samudra) se mukta hone ke lie samyagjJAnI ko mana rUpI jahAja kA prAzraya lenA par3atA hai| vaha mana-ghaTe meM svayaM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, para prazAnI use bAhara khojatA hai, yaha mAzcarya kA viSaya hai| karmarUpI samudra meM rAga-dveSAdi vibhAva kA pala hai, usameM viSaya kI varameM uThatI rahatI haiM, tRSNA kI prabala bar3avAgni aura mamatA kA zabda phailA rahatA hai| bhramarUpI maMbara hai jisameM mana rUpI jahAja pabana ke jora se cAroM dizAoM meM pakakara lagAtA, 1. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya mora kabi, pR. 3324 2. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 3421 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 491

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________________ 124 viratA biratA, sUkhatA, utarAtA hai| aba cetana rUpa svAmI jAgatA hai aura usakA pariNAma samajhatA hai to vaha samatA rUpa zrRMkhalA phekatA hai  /  phalataH bhaMvara kA prakopa kama ho jAtA hai| karma samudra vibhAva jala, viSayakaSAya trNg| baDavAgani tRSNA pravala, mamatA dhuni saravaMga  // 5 //  bharama bhaMvara tAmeM phira, manajahAja cahu~ aura  /  giraM khiraM bUDa tira, udaya pavana ke jora  // 6 //  jaba cetana mAlima jaga, lakhai vipAka natUma  /  DAra samatA zRMkhalA, thaka bhramara kI dhUma 11701 banArasIdAsa kA mana idhara-upara bahuta bhaTakatA rahA  /  isalie ve kahate haiM ki re mana, sadA santoSa dhAraNa kiyA kara  /  saba duHkhAdika doSa usase naSTa ho jAte hai| mana bhrama athavA duvidhA kA ghara hai  /  kavi ko isakI bar3I cintA hai ki isa mana kI yaha duvidhA kaba miTegI mora kaba vaha nijanAtha niraMjana kA smaraNa karegA, kara vaha akSaya pakSa kI pora lakSya banAyegA, kaba vaha tana kI mamatA chor3akara samatA grahaNa kara zubhamAna kI ora mur3egA, sadguru ke vacana usake ghaTa ke andara nirantara kaba raheMge, kara paramArtha sukha ko prApta karegA, kaba dhana kI tRSNA dUra hogI, kaba ghara ko chor3akara ekAkI vanavAsI hogA  /  apane mana kI aisI dazA prApta karane ke lie kavi pAtura hotA humA dikhAI detA hai| jagajIvana kA mana dharma ke marma ko nahIM pahacAna skaa| usake mana ne dUsaroM kI hiMsA kara dhana kA apaharaNa karanA cAhA, para strI se rati karanI cAhI, asatya bhASaNa kara burA karanA cAhA, parigraha kA bhAra lenA cAhA, tRSNA ke kAraNa saMkalpa vikalpamaya pariNAma kiye, raudrabhAva dhAraNa kiye, krodha, mAna, mAyA lobhAdi kaSAya aura aSTamada ke vazIbhUta hokara mithyAtva ko nahIM chor3A, pApamayI kriyAyeM kara ekha-sampatti cAhI, para milI nahIM  /  jagatarAma kA mana bhI basa meM nahIM hotaa| ve kisI taraha se use khIMcakara bhagaSaccaraNa meM lagAte hai para kSaNa bhara bAda punaH vaha vahAM se bhAga jAtA hai| prasAtA kamoM ne use khUba jhakajhorA hai isalie vaha zithila paura murajhA-sA gayA hai  /  sAtA karmoM kA udaya pAte hI vaha harSita ho jAtA hai|" 1. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 152, 331 2. re. mana ! kara sadA santoSa, jAteM miTata saba duHkha doSa  /  banArasIvilAsa, pR. 2281 3. vahI, adhyAtama paMkti, 13 pR. 2311 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 821 5. vahI, pR.95|

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________________ rUpacanda apane mana kI balTI rIti kI aura saMketa karate haiM ki vahAM dukA milatA hai vahIM vaha daur3atA hai isalie ve usake sAmane apanI hAra mAna lete haiN| para padArthoM se mamatva karane ke bAda bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ko baba zAna kA mAbhAsa hotA hai to vaha kaha uThate haiM, re mUDa mana, cetana ko bhUlakara isa parachAyA meM kahA~ bhaTaka gaye ho ? isameM terA koI svarUpa nhiiN| vaha to mAtra vyAdhi kA ghara hai  /  terA svarUpa to sadA samyak guNa rahA hai aura zeSa mAyA rUpa bhrama hai| isa anupama rUpa ko dekhate hI siddha svarUpa prApta ho jAyegA  /  abhI taka viSaya sukhoM meM tU ramA rahA, para yadi vicAra karo to usase tumhArA bhalA nahIM hogA  /  to aise zAniyoM-dhyAniyoM kA sAtha kara jinase mati duSara ske| unase yaha moha mAyA chUTegI aura tuma siddha pada prApta kara loge| cetana karma caritra meM 'cetana mana bhAI re" kA sambodhana kara kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki kisa prakAra mana mAyA, mithyA aura zoka meM lagA rahatA hai  /  ina tInoM zalyoM ko mUlataH chor3anA cAhie  /  tadartha koSa, mAna, mAyA aura lobhAdika kaSAya, moha, ajJAna viSayasukha prAdi vikAroM ko tilAMjali dekara avinAzI brahma kI pArAdhanA karanI caahie| saMsAra meM pAne ke bAda maraNa avazyambhAvI hai phira dhana yovana, viSaya rasa prAdi meM re mUr3ha, kyoM lIna hai, tana aura mAyu donoM kSINa usI taraha ho rahe haiM jaise ajuli se jala jharatA jAtA hai  /  isalie janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane kA prayatna kro|" paMcendriya saMvAda meM mana ke donoM pakSoM ko kavi ne sughar3atA se rakhA hai  /  mana apane Apako sabhI kA saradAra kahatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki mana se hI karma mINa hotA hai, karuNa punya hotA hai aura prAsmatatva jAnA jAtA hai  /  isalie mana indriyoM kA rAjA hai aura indriyAM mana kI dAsa haiN| taba munirAja ne usakA dUsarA pakSa usI ke samakSa rakhA-re mana, tU vyartha meM garva kara rahA hai| tumhAre kAraNa hI tandula maccha naraka meM jAtA hai, jIva koI pApa karatA hai taba usakA anumodana karatA hai, indriyAM to zarIra ke sAtha hI baiThI rahatI haiM para dina rAta idhara-upara cakkara lagAtA rahatA hai  /  phalataH karma baMdhate jAte haiN| isalie re mana, rAga dveSa ko dUra kara paramAtmA meM apane ko lagAyo  /  1. hindI, pada saMgraha 651 2. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI, 471 3. vahI, 81 /  4. bahI, cetana karma caritra, 234-246  /  5. vahI, paramArtha pada paMkti, zikSA Ida, pR. 1081 6. bahI, paMcendriya saMbAda, 112-1241

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________________ 120 manabattIsI meM kavi ne mana ke cAra prakAra batAye haiM-satya, pasatya anubhava aura ubhaya  /  prathama do prakAra saMsAra kI bhora mukate haiM aura zeSa do prakAra bhavapAra karAte haiM  /  mana yadi brahma meM laga gayA to apAra sukha kA kAraNa banA, para yadi bhrama meM laga gayA to mapAra duHkha kA kAraNa siddha hogaa| isalie triloka meM mana se balI aura koI nhiiN| mana dAsa bhI hai, bhUpa bhI hai| vaha pati caMcala hai| jIte jI mAtmajJAna mora mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| jisane use parAjita kara diyA vahI sahI yotA hai| jaise hI mana dhyAna meM kendrita ho jAtA hai, indriyAM nirAza ho jAtI haiM aura prArama brahma pragaTa ho jAtA hai  /  mana jaisA mUrkha bhI saMsAra meM koI dUsarA nhiiN| vaha sukha-sAgara ko chor3akara viSa ke vana meM baiTha jAtA hai| bar3e-bar3e mahArAjAoM ne SaTkhaNDa kA rAjya kiyA para ve mana ko nahIM jIta pAye isalie unheM naraka gati ke duHkha bhoganA pdd'e| mana para vijaya na pAne ke kAraNa hI indra bhI pAkara garbhadhAraNA karatA hai  /  prataH bhAva hI bandha kA kAraNa hai aura bhAva hI mukti kA  /  kapi bhUdharadAsa ne mana ko hAthI mAnakara usake apara-zAna ko mahAvata ke rUpa meM baiThApA para use vaha girAkara, samati kI sAMkala tor3akara bhAga khar3A praa| usane guru kA aMkuza nahIM mAnA, brahmacarya rUpa vRkSa ko ukhAr3a diyA, agharaja se snAna kiyA, karNa pora indriyoM kI capalatA ko dhAraNa kiyA, kumati rUpa hathinI se ramaNa kiyaa| isa prakAra yaha madamatta-mana-hAthI svacchatApUrvaka vicaraNa kara rahA hai| guNa rUpa pathika usake pAsa eka bhI nahIM paate| isalie jIva kA kattavya hai ki vaha use vairAgya ke stambha se bAMdha le| jJAna mahAvata DAri, sumati saMkalagahi khaNDa  /  muru aMkuza nahiM pina, brahmavata-virakha vihaMDe  /  kari siMghata sara nhauna, keli agha-raja sauM ThAne  /  karana capalatA dharai, kumati karanI rati mAna  /  /  Dolata sudhanda madamatta mati, guNa-pathika na bhAvAta ur| vairAgya khaMbhate bAMdha nara, mana-pataMga vicarata burai  // 2 eka sthAna para bhUdharadAsa kavi ne mana ko sumA aura jinadharaNa ko piMjarA kA rUpaka dekara supA ko piMjare meM baiThane kI salAha dI aura aneka upamAnoM ke sAtha karmoM se mukta ho jAne kA prAgraha kiyA hai-'mere mana supA jinapada-pIare vasi yAra - 1. vahI, manavattIsI, bhAvana hI tai bandha hai, bhAvana hI te mukti| jo jAnaM gati bhAva kI, so jAna yaha yukti  // 26 //  vahI, phuTakara kavitA, 91 2. jainazataka, 67 pR. 261

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________________ ..127 mAva na bAra re (bhUdharakliAsa pada 5)  /  isI taraha bhAge kavi mana ko mUrakhapaMthI kahakara haMsa ke sauma rUpaka dvArA use sAMsArika vAsanAmoM se virakta rahane kA upadeza diyA hai aura jimacaraNa meM baiThakara sataguru ke vacanarUpI motiyoM ko cunane kI salAha dI hai-mana ha~sa hamArI le zikSA hitkaarii|' (vahI pada 33) mana kI pahelI ko kavi daulatarAma ne jaba parakhA to ve kaha uThe-re mana, terI ko kuTeva yaha  / ' maha terI kaisI pravRti hai ki tU sadaiva indriya viSayoM meM lagA rahatA hai  /  inhIM ke kAraNa to anAdikAla se tU nija svarUpa ko pahicAna nahIM sakA aura zAzvata sukha ko prApta nahIM kara skaa| yaha indriya sukha parAdhIna, kSaraNa-zayI duHkhadAyI, durgati aura vipatti dene vAlA hai| kyA tU nahIM jAnatA ki sparza indriya ke viSaya upabhoga meM hAthI gaDDhe meM giratA hai aura paratantra bana kara apAra duHkha uThAtA hai  /  rasanA indriya ke vaza hokara machalI kAMTe meM apanA kaNTha phaMsAtI hai aura mara jAtI hai| gandha ke lobha meM bhramara kamala para maNDarAtA hai aura usI meM banda hokara apane prANa gaMvA detA hai  /  saundarya ke cakkara meM prAkara pataMga dIpazikhA meM apanI pAhuti de DAlatA hai| kaNendriya ke lAlaca meM saMgIta para mugdha hokara hariNa vana meM vyAdhoM ke hAtha apane ko saupa detA hai| isalie re mana, guru sIkha ko mAna aura ina sabhI viSayoM ko chor3a re mana terI ko kuTeva yaha, karana-viSaya meM pAva hai| danahIM ke vaza tU anAdi teM, nija svarUpa na lakhAvai hai  /  parAdhIna china-chIna samAkula, duragati-vipatti cakhA hai  /  pharasa viSaya ke kArana vArana, garata parata duHkha pAvai hai| rasanA indrIvaza jhaSa jala meM, kaMTaka kaMTha chidAve hai  /  /  gaMdha-lola paMkaja mudrita meM, ali nija prAna khapAva hai| nayana-viSayavaza dIpa zikhA meM, aMga pataMga jarAvai hai  //  karana viSayavaza hirana prasna meM, khalakara prAna lubhAva hai| daulata taja inako, jinako bhaja, yaha guru-sIkha sunAva hai| janetara prAcAryoM kI taraha hindI ke jainAcAryoM ne bhI mana ko karahA kI upamA dI hai| brahmadIpa kA mana viSaya.rUpa beli ko carane kI ora jhukatA hai para use aisA karane ke lie kavi Agraha karatA hai kyoMki usI ke kAraNa use saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke parakara lagAnA par3e-"mana karahA bhava banimA carai, tadi viSa veslarI bahUta  /  tahaM paraMtaha bahuM dukhu pAiyaDa, taba jAnahu gau mIta  / " isa viSayavAsanA meM zAzvata sukha kI prApti nahIM hogii| re mUr3a, isa mana rUpI hAthI ko bindhya kI pora 1. adhyAtma padAvalI, pada 1, pR. 3391

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________________ 1 128 jAne se roko prayathA yaha imhAre zIla rUpa bana ko tahasa-nahasa kara degaa| phalataH tumheM saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahanA par3egA - ur remove meM raha karahi iviyavisaya suhasya  /  sukkhu ziraMtara hi gavi muccahi te ki saga || ammiya iha maNu hatviyA vibhahaM aMtara vAri  /  taM maMjesa sIsavaNu kuNu paDisai saMsAri  //  bhagavatIdAsa ko mana sabase adhika prabala lagA  /  trilokoM meM bhramaNa karAne vAlA yahI mana hai  /  vaha dAsa bhI hai| usakA svabhAva caMcalatA hai  /  use vaza meM kiye binA mukti prApta nahIM ho sktii| mana ko dhyAna meM kendrita karate hI indriyAM nirAza ho jAtI haiM aura prAtmabrahma prakAzita ho jAtA hai  /  mana so balI na dUsaro, dekhyo ihi saMsAra  /  /  tIna loka meM phirata ho, jatana lAge bAra  //  8  //  mana dAsana ko dAsa hai, mana bhUpana ko bhUpa  //  mana saba bAtani mama rAjA kI sena rAta dinA dauraa phirai, kareM aneka anyAya  //  10  //  indriya se umarAva jirha, viSaya deza vicaraMta || bhaiyA tiha mana bhUpako, ko jIte vina saMta  //  11  //  mana caMcala mana capala prati, mana bahu karma kamAya  //  mana jIte vina prAtamA, mukti kaho kima thAya  /  /  12  /  /  samso joSA jagata meM, aura dUsaro nAhi  //  yogya hai, mana kI kathA pranUpa  //  9  //  saba indrina se umarAva  //  tAhi pacAraM so subhaTa, jIta lahai jaga mAhi  //  13  //  mana indrina ko bhUpa hai, tAhi kareM jo phera  //  so sukha pAve mukti ke, yA meM ka na phera  //  14  //  jaba mana saMgho dhyAna meM, indriya bhaI nirAza  //  taba iha bhAtama brahma ne, kIne nija parakAza  //  15  //  dudhajana ko saMsAra meM ulajhA huA mana bAcalA-sA lagane lagA pare para vastuoM ko wet vikAra meM karanA cAhatA hai- "manumA bAvalA ho gayA  /  (budhajana, vijJAsa, pada 104), isI taraha ve anyatra kaha uThate haiM-hA~ manAjI thAri gati burI kaM 1. arra ra hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 177 2. brahmavilAsa, pR. 262 1

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________________ 129 dukhadAI ho  /  nija kAraNa meM neka na lAgata para sau prIti lagAI ho (vahI, pada 62 /  aura jara taka jAte haiM to mana ko usakI prananta catuSTayI zakti kA smaraNa karAkara kaha uThate haiM-re mana merA tU merI ko bhAna-mAna re (bahI, pada 64) /  bAnatarAya mana ko santoSa dhAraNa karane kA udbodhana karate haiM aura usI ko sabase bar3A dhana mAnate haiM-"gAhu santoSa sadA mana re, jA sama aura nahIM pana de" (dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada 61) /  isalie ve viSaya bhogoM ko viSa-bela ke samAna mAnakara jina nAma smaraNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiM-"jina nAma sumara mana bAvare kahA ita uta bhaTaka  /  viSaya prakaTa viSa bela haiM jinameM jina paTaka  / " (vahI, pada 102) vItarAga kA dhyAna hI unakI dRSTi meM sadaiva sukhakArI hai-kara mana ! vItarAga ko dhyAna  /  ....."dhAnata yaha guna nAma mAlikA pahira hiye sukhadAna (vahI, pada 61) /  __ isa prakAra hamane dekhA ki ukta bAdhaka tattvoM ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAdhanA patha para agrasara nahIM ho pAtA  /  kabhI vaha sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanAoM ko asalI sukha mAnakara usI meM ulajha jAtA hai, kabhI zarIra se mamatva rakhane ke kAraNa usI kI cintA meM lIna rahatA hai, kabhI karmoM ke prAdhava pAne aura zubha-azubha karmajAla meM phaisane ke kAraNa pAtma-kalyANa nahIM karatA, kabhI mithyAtva, mAyA-moha Adi ke mAvaraNa meM lipta rahatA hai, kabhI bAhyADambaroM ko hI paramArtha kA sAdhana mAnakara unhI kriyA-kANDoM meM pravRtta rahatA hai aura kabhI mana kI caMcalatA ke phalasvarUpa usakA sAdhanA rUpI jahAja DagamagAne lagatA hai jisase rahasya sAdhanA kA patha projhala ho jAtA hai|

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________________ paSTha parivarta rahasya bhAvanA ke sAdhaka tatva - - S rahasya bhAvanA ke pUrvokta bAdhaka tatvoM ko dUra karane ke bAda sAdhaka kA mana nizchala aura zAMta ho jAtA hai| vaha vItarAgI sadguru kI khoja meM rahatA hai  /  sadguru prApti ke bAda sAdhaka usase saMsAra-sAgara se mAra hone ke lie mArga-darzana kI prAkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai  /  sadguru kI amRtavANI ko sunakara use saMsAra se vairAgya hone lagatA hai| vaha saMsAra kI pravRtti ko acchI taraha samajhane lagatA hai, zarIra ko apavitratA, vinazvara zIlatA aura narabhava-durlabhatA para vicAra karatA hai, prArama sambodhana, pazcAttApa prAdi ke mAdhyama se mAtmacintana karatA hai, vAsanA paura karma phala kA anubhava karane lagatA hai, cetana aura karma ke sambandha para gambhIratA. pUrvaka manana karatA hai, prAzraya aura bandha ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara saMvara aura nirjarA lattva kI prApti karane kA prayatna karatA hai| bAhya kriyAnoM se mukta hokara anta:karaNa ko vizuddha karatA hai, sva-para viveka rUpa bhedavijJAna ko prApta karatA hai aura samyagdarzana aura jJAnacAritra rUpa ratnatraya kI prApti ke lie sAdhanA karatA hai| isa sthiti me pAte-pAte sAdhaka kA citta mithyAtva kI ora se pUrNataH dUra haTa jAtA hai tathA bhedavijJAna meM sthiratA lAne ke lie sAdhaka tapa aura vairAgya ke mAdhyama se paramArtha rUpa mokSa kI prApti ke lie kramazaH zubhopayogI paura zuddhopayogI bana jAtA hai| abhI taka sAdhaka ke lie jo tattva rahasya banA thA usakI gutthI dhIre-dhIre rahasya bhAvanA aura rahasya tattvoM ke mAdhyama se sulajhane lagatI hai  /  vaha kaSAya, lezyA Adi mArgaNAmoM se mukta hokara mahAvatoM kA anupAlana kara guNasthAnoM ke mAdhyama se kramazaH nirvANa prApti kI aora abhimukha ho jAtA hai  /  1. sadguru jana sAdhanA meM sadguru prApti kA vizeSa mahatva hai  /  vizeSataH usakA mahatva rahasyasApakoM ke lie hai, jinheM vaha sAdhanA karane kI preraNA detA hai| rahasyasApanA

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________________ 131 meM jo tasya bAdhA DAlate haiM unake prati ruci bAta kara sapanA kI ghora sara karatA hai  /  sAmanA meM sadguru kA sthAna vahI hai jo panta kA hai| caine arhanta tIrthakara, mAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ko sadguru mAnakara unakI upAsanya stuti aura bhakti kI hai|' mohAdika karmoM ke bane rahane ke kAraNa vaha 'bar3e Amani se ho pAtI haiM  / " kuzala lAbha ne guru zrI pUjyakaraNa ke upadezoM ko kokilakAminI ke gItoM meM, mayUroM kI thirakana meM aura cakoroM ke pulakina nayanoM meM dekhA + unake dhyAna meM snAna karate hI zItala pavana kI lahareM calane lagatI haiN| sakala jagat supatha kI sugandha se mahakane lagatA hai, sAtoM kSetra sudharma se bharapUra ho jAtA hai  /  aise guru ke prasAda kI upalabdhi yadi ho sake to zAzvata sukha prApta hone meM koI bAdhA nahI hogI somaprabhAcArya ke bhAvoM kA anukaraNa kara banArasIdAsa ne bhI guru sevA ko 'pAyapaca parihArahi parahiM zubhapaMtha paga' tathA 'sadA pravAdita citta jutArana tarana jaga' mAnA hai  /  sadguru kI kRpA se mithyAtva kA vinAza hotA hai  /  sugati-durgati ke fares ra ! fafer-niSeSa kA jJAna hotA hai, puNya-pApa kA artha samajha meM AtA hai, saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane ke lie sadguru vastutaH eka jahAja hai  /  usakI samAnatA saMsAra meM aura koI bhI nahIM kara sakatA --- 'sadA guru dhyAna snAnalahari zItala vahai re 1 kIrti sujasa visAla sakala jaga maha mahai re  /  sAte kSetra suThAma sudhameha zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha nIpajaI re  /  saMpajai re  //  1. 2. kavi kA guru anantaguNI, nirAbAdhI, nirupAdhi, avinAzI, cidAnaMdamaya maura brahmasamAdhimaya hai  /  unakA jJAna dina meM sUrya kA prakAza aura rAtri meM candra kA prakAza hai  /  isalie he prANI, ceto aura guru kI amRta rUpa tathA nizcayavyavahAranaya 3. 4. mithyAtva dalana siddhAnta sAdhaka, sukatimAraga jAniye  /  karanI prakaranI sugati durgati, puNya pApa bakhAniye  //  sasAra sAgara tarana tArana, guru jahAja jagamAMhi gurusama kaha 'banArasa', zraura kou na pekhiye  // 14 vizekhiye | banArasIvilAsa, paMcapadavidhAna | hindI pada saMgraha, rUpacanda, pR. 48. hindI jaina bhakta kAvya aura kavi, pR. 117. banArasIvilAsa, pu. 24.

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________________ 132 rUpa vANI ko suno| marmI vyakti ho marma ko jAna pAtA hai  /  guru kI vANI ko hI unhoMne kahA aura usakI hI zubhadharma prakAzaka, pApavinAzaka, kupayabhedaka, vRSurates prAdi rUpa se stuti kI 12 jisa prakAra se aMjana rUpa auSadhi ke lagAne se timira roga naSTa ho jAte haiM vaise hI sadguru ke upadeza se saMzayAdi doSa vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| ziva paccIsI meM guru vANI ko 'jalaharI' kahA hai| * use sumati aura zAradA kahakara kavi ne sumati devyaSTottara zatanAma tathA zAradASTaka likhA hai jinameM guruvANI ko 'sudhAdharma saMsAdhanI dharmazAlA, sughAtApani nAzanI meghamAlA | mahAmoha vidhvaMsanI mokSadAnI' kahakara 'namodevi vAgezvarI jainavAnI' prAdi rUpa se stuti kI hai 15 kevalajJAnI sadguru ke hRdaya rUpa sarovara se nadI rUpa jinavANI nikalakara zAstra rUpa samudra meM praviSTa ho gii| isalie vaha satya svarUpa aura dhanantanayAtmaka hai  /  kavi ne usakI megha se upamA dekara sampUrNa jagata ke lie hitakAriNI mAnA hai  / " use samyagdRSTi samajhate hai aura mithyAdRSTi nahIM samajha pAte  /  isa tathya ko kavi ne aneka prakAra se samajhAyA hai  /  jisa prakAra nirvANa sAdhya hai aura arahaMta, zrAvaka, sAdhu, samyaktva zrAdi avasthAyeM sAdhaka hai, inameM pratyakSa-parokSa kA bheda hai  /  ye saba avasthAyeM eka jIva kI haiM aisA jAnane vAlA hI samyagdRSTi hotA hai  /  " sahajakIrti guru ke darzana ko paramAnadadAyI mAnate haiM - 'darazana nadhika prANaMda jaMgama sura tarukada  / ' unake guNa avarNanIya haiM- 'varaNavI hUM navi sa 19 jagatarAma dhyAnastha hokara alakha niraMjana ko jagAne vAle sadguru para balihArI ho jAtA hai 10 aura phira sadguru ke prati 'tA jogI cita lAvo more bAlo' kahakara 1. hindI pada saMgraha, rUpacanda, pR. 48. 2. banArasI vilAsa, bhASA muktAvalI, pR. 20, pR. 27. 3. vahI, jJAnapaccIsI, 13, pR. 148. 4. vahI, zivapaccIsI, 6, pR. 150. 5. vahI, zAradASTaka, 3, pR. 166. 6. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 3. 7. tyAvara varaSA samai, medha prakhaMDita dhAra  /  tyauM sadguru vAnI khire, jagata jIva hitakAra | vahI satyasAdhaka dvAra, 6, pR. 338. 8. nATaka samayasAra, 16, pR. 38. 9. jinarAjasUrI gIta, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, 2, 7, pR. 174-176. terahapaMthI maMdira jayapura, pada saMgraha, 946, patra 63-64. 10.

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________________ 133 apanA anurAga pragaTa kiyA hai  /  vaha zIla rUpa laMgoTI meM saMyama rUpa dorI se gAMTha lagAtA hai bhamA aura karuNA kA nAda bajAtA hai tathA mAna rUpa guphA meM dIpaka saMjokara cetana ko jagAtA hai  /  kahatA hai, re cetana, tuma jJAnI ho aura samajhAne vAlA sadguru hai taba bhI tumhAre samajha meM nahIM pAtA, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai| sadguru tumahiM par3hA cita dai aru tumahU hI jJAnI, tabahUM tumahiM na kyoM hU bhAva, cetana tatva khaanii| pAMDe hemarAja kA guru dIpaka ke samAna prakAza karane vAlA hai aura vaha tamanAzaka pora barAgI hai| use pAzcarya hai ki aise guru ke vacanoM ko bhI jIvana to sunatA hai aura na viSayavAsanA tathA pApAdika karmoM se dUra hotA hai| isalie vaha kaha uThatA hai-'sISa saguru ko mAni le re lAla  / ' ___rUpacanda kI dRSTi me guru-kRpA ke binA bhavasAgara se pAra nahIM huprA jA sakatA  /  brahmadIpa usakI jyoti meM apanI jyoti milAne ke lie prAtura dikhAI dete haiM-'kahai brahmadIpa sajana samujhAI kari joti me joti milAvai  / ' ___brahmadIpa ke samAna hI mAnaMdadhana ne bhI 'avadhU' ke sambodhana se yogI guru ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| maiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne aise hI 1. tA jogI cita lAvoM more bAlA  //  saMjama DorI zIla laMgoTI ghulaghula, gATha lagAle more bAlA  /  gyAna guDiyA gala vica DAle, prAsana daDha jamAve  // 1 //  kSamA kI sauti gale lagAvai, karuNA nAda bajAve more vaalaa| jJAna guphA meM dIpaka jo ke cetana alakha jagAMve more bAlA  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 99. 2. gIta paramArthI, paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha, jaina grantha rattAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 3. guru pUjA 6, vRhajjinavANI saMgraha, madanagaMja, kizanagar3ha, sitambara, 1955, pR. 201. 4. jJAnacintAmaNi, 35, bIkAnera kI hastalikhita prati. 5. suguru sISa, dIvAna badhIcanda maMdira, jayapura, guTakA naM. 161. .. guru bina bheda na pAiya, ko paru ko nija vastu  /  guru bina bhavasAgara viSai, parata gahai ko hasta  /  /  apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda. pR. 97. 7. manakarahArAsa, mAmerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati. 8. mAnadhana bahottarI, 7.

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________________ 134 yogI sadguru ke vacanAmRta dvArA saMsArI jIvoM ko saceta ho jAne ke lie prAvAhana kiyA hai eto duHkha saMsAra meM, eto sukha saba jAna  /  imi lakhi bhaiyA cetiye, suguruvacana ura dhAna  //  madhubiMduka kI caupAI meM unhoMne anya rahasyavAdI santoM ke samAna guru ke mahatva ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA vizvAsa hai ki sadguru ke mArgadarzana ke binA jIva kA kalyANa nahIM ho sakatA, para vItarAgI sadguru bhI prAsAnI se nahIM milatA, putra ke udaya se hI aisA sadguru milatA hai- 'sugraTA socaM hie makAra | ye guru sAMdhe tAranahAra  //  maiM zaTha phirayo karama vana maahiN| aise guru kahuM pAe nAhi  /  pramo puNya udaya kucha bhayo  /  sAMce guru ko darzana layo || pAMDe rUpacanda gIta paramArthI meM AtmA ko sambodhate hue sadguru ke mahatva ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki sadguru pramRtamaya tathA hitakArI vacanoM se cetana ko samajhAtA hai :-- 1. 2. 3. cetana, acaraja mArI yaha mere jiya prAye | amRta vacana hitakArI, sadguru tumahiM par3hAI  /  sadguru tumahiM par3hA cita de, prAru tumahU ho jJAnI  /  taba tuma na kyoM hU bhrAva, cetana tatva kahAnI  //  daulatarAma jaina guru kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue citita dikhAI dete haiM ki unheM vaisA guru kaba milegA jo kaMcana kAMca meM va nidaka-vaMdaka meM samatAbhAvI ho, vItarAgI ho, durdhara tapasvI ho, aparigrahI ho, saMyamI ho| aise hI guru bhavasAgara se pAra karA sakate haiM kaba hau mila mohi zrI guru munivara kari haiM bhavodadhi pArA ho  /  bhoga udAsa joga jina lInhoM chAr3i parigraha mArA ho  /  kaMcana kAMca barAbara jinake, nidaka-baMdaka sArA ho  /  durdhara tapa tapi samyak nijaghara mana vacana kara dhArA ho  /  grISama giri hima saritA tIre pAvasa tarutara ThArA ho  /  karuNA mIna hIna trasa thAvara IryApatha samArA ho || madhuvinduka kI caupAI, 58, brahmavilAsa, pR. 130. brahmavilAsa, pR. 270. gIta paramArthI, hindI jaina zakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 171.

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________________ 135 * - 548 mAsa barmAsa upasi bAsabana pAsuka karata mahArA ho| bhArata raudra laiza nahiM jinake dharma zukla cita dhArA ho  //  dhyAnArada gUr3ha nija mAtama zuddha upayoga vicArA ho| ... mApa tarahi porani ko tArahiM, bhava jala sindhu prapArA ho| daulata aise jaina jatina ko nijaprati dhoka' hamArA ho  /  (daulata vilAsa, pada 72) dyAnatarAya ko guru ke samAna paura dUsarA koI bAtA dikhAI nahIM diyaa| tadanusAra guru usa mandhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai jise sUrya bhI naSTa nahIM kara pAtA, megha ke samAna sabhI para samAnabhAva se nisvArtha hokara kRpA jala baraSAtA hai, naraka tiryaMca Adi gatiyoM se jIvoM ko lAkara svarga-mokSa meM pahuMcAtA hai  /  ataH tribhuvana meM dIpaka ke samAna prakAza karanevAlA guru hI hai  /  vaha saMsAra sAyara se pAra lagAne bAlA jahAja hai| vizuddha mana se usake pada-paMkaja kA smaraNa karanA caahie| kavi viSayavAnA meM page jIvoM ko dekhakara sahAnubhUtiyoM pUrvaka kaha uThatA hai jo tajai viSaya kI prAsA, dyAnata pAvai sivavAsA  /  yaha sataguru sIkha banAI kAhUM virala ke jiya mAI  //  bhUdharadAsa ko bhI zrIguru ke upadeza anupama lagate hai| isalie ve sambodhita kara kahate haiM- "suna jJAnI prANI, zrIguru sIkha sayAnI  /  guru kI yaha sIkha rUpa gaMgA nadI bhagavAna mahAvIra rUpI himAcala se nikalI, moha-rUpI mahAparvata ko bhedatI huI mAge bar3hI, jaga kI jar3atA rUpI prAtapa ko dUra karate hue jJAna rUpa mahAsAgara meM girI, saptabhaMgI rUpI tarage uchalI  /  usako hamArA zatazaH vandana  /  sadguru kI yaha bApI prajJAnAndhAra ko dUra karane vAlI haiN| guru samAna dAtA nahiM koii|| bhAnu prakAza na nAsata jAko, so aMdhiyArA DAre khoii||1|| megha samAna sabana 4 barasa, kachu icchA jAke nahi hoii| naraka pazugati prAgamAhitaM suraga mukata sukha thApaM soI  /  /  2  /  /  tIna loka maMdira meM jAno, dIpakasama parakAzaka loii| dIpataleM aMdhiyArA bharayo hai antara bahira vimala hai joii||3|| tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba gevaM jgtoii| bAnata nizidina niramala mana meM, rAkho guru pada-paMkaja doI 11411 dyAnata pada saMgraha. pR. 10. 2.. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 126-127, 133. 3. bhUpara vilAsa, 7 pR.4.

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________________ 136 budhajana satguru kI sIkha ko mAna lene kA prAgraha karate hai-"suThilyau jIva sujAna sIkha guru hita kI khii| mulyo anantI bAra gati-mati sAtA na lhii| (budhajana vilAsa, pada 99), guru dvArA pradatta jJAna ke pyAle se dudhajana sAre jaMgaloM se dUra ho gaye : guru ne pilAyA jo jJAna pyaalaa| yaha bekhabarI paramAvAM kI nijarasa meM mtvaalaa| yoM to chAka jAta nahiM binahUM miTi gaye prAna jaMjAla  /  adbhuta prAnanda magana dhyAna meM buddhajana hAla samhAlA  //  -~-budhajana vilAsa, pada 77 samaya sundara kI dazA guru ke darzana karate hI badala jAtI hai bhaura puNya kzA prakaTa ho jAtI hai-Aja kU dhana dina merau |punnydshaa pragaTI aba merI pekhatu guru mukha terau  /  /  (aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 129) sAdhukIti to guru darzana ke binA vihala se dikhAI dete haiN| isalie sakhi se unake Agamana kA mArga pUchate haiN| unakI vyAkulatA nirguNa saMtoM kI vyAkulatA se bhI adhika pavitratA lie hue hai (aitihAsika jana kAvya saMgraha, pR. 91.) /  vIra himAcala se nikasI, guru gautama ke mukhakuNDa DharI hai  /  moha mahAcala bheda calI, jaga kI jar3atA tapa dUra karI hai| jJAna payonidhimAhiM rulI, bahu bhaMga-taraMganI sauM ucharI hai| tA zuci zArada gaMganadI prati, maiM aMjurI nija sIsa dharI hai  /  /  isa prakAra sadguru maura usakI divya vANI kA mahatva rahasya-sAdhanA kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai  /  sadguru ke prasAda se hI sarasvatI ! aura ekacittatA kI prApti hotI hai  /  brahma milana kA mArga yahI sujhAtA hai| paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karAne meM sadguru kA vizeSa yogadAna rahatA hai  /  mAyA kA prAcchanna prAvaraNa usI ke upadeza aura satsaMgati se dUra ho pAtA hai  /  phalataH prAtmA vizuddha bana jAtA hai| usI vizuddha prAtmA ko pUjyapAda ne nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se sadguru kahA hai| 1. janazataka, 14-15, pR. 6-7. 2. siddhAnta caupAI, lAvaNya samaya, 1-2. 3. sArasikhAmanarAsa, saMvega sundara upAdhyAya, bar3A mandira, jayapura kI hasta likhita prati namatyAtmAtmeva janma nirvANameva ca  /  gururAsmAtmama stara smAnnAnyo sti paramArthataH  // 751 samAdhi tamba, 75.

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________________ 13 2. narabhava durlabhatA prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne narabhava kI durlabhatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha sambhavataH isalie bhI hogA ki jJAna kI jitanI adhika gaharAI taka manuSya pahuMca sakatA hai utanI gaharAI taka anya koI nhiiN| sAtha hI yaha bhI sthAyI tathya hai ki jitanA adhika prajJAna manuSya meM ho sakatA hai utanA aura dUsare meM nahIM  /  jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kI prakarSatA yahA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM  /  isalie prAcAryoM ne mAnava kI zakti kA upayoga usake prajJAna ko dUra karane meM lagAne ke lie prerita kiyA hai| etadartha sarvaprathama yaha mAvazyaka hai ki sAdhaka ke mana meM narabhava kI durlabhatA samajha meM mA jAya  /  mahAtmA buddha ne bhI aneka bAra apane ziSyoM ko isI taraha kA upadeza diyA thaa| mana kI caMcalatA se duHkhita hokara rUpacanda kaha uThate haiM-"mana mAnahi kina samajhAyo re|" yaha narabhava-ratna athaka prayatna karane para satkamoM ke kAraNa prApta ho sakA hai| para use hama viSaya-vAsanAdi vikAra-bhAva rUpa kAcamariNa se badala rahe haiN| jaise koI vyakti dhanArjana kI lAlasA se videza yAtrA kare aura cintAmaNi ratna hAtha mAne para lauTate samaya use pASANa samajha kara samudra meM pheMka de| usI prakAra koI bhavasAgara meM bhramaNa karate hue satkarmoM ke prabhAva se narajanma mila jAtA hai para yadi prajJAnavaza use vyartha gavA detA hai to usase padhika mUDha aura kauna ho sakatA hai ? somaprabhAcArya ke zabdoM ko banArasIdAsa ne punaH kahA ki jisa prakAra prajJAnI vyakti saje hue mataMgaja se Idhana Dhoye, kaMcana pAtroM ko dhUla se bhare, pramAta rasa se paira dhoye, kAka ko ur3Ane ke lie mahAmariNa ko pheMka de aura phira rojI prakAra isa narabhava ko pAkara yadi nirarthaka gaMvA diyA to bAda meM pazcAttApa ke prati. rikta aura kucha bhI hAtha nahIM lgegaa| jyoM matihIna viveka binA nara, sAji matagaMja Idhana Dhovai  /  kaMcana bhAjana dhUla bhara zat, mUDha sudhArasa sauM paga dhove  /  /  bAhita kAga ur3Avana kAraNa, DAra mahAmaNi mUrakha rove  /  syoM yaha durlabha deha 'banArasi' pAya prajAna prakAratha kho  /  1. therIgAthA, 4,459 Adi, 2. narabhavaratana janata bahutani teM, karama-karama kari pAyo re| viSaya vikAra kAcamariNa badale, su prahale jAna gavAyo re  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 34. banArasIvilAsa, bhASA sUktamuktAvalI, 5 pR. 19. 4. vahI, bhASA sUkta muktAvalI, pR. 19.

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________________ 188 cAnatarAya ne 'nahi aisau janama bArambAra' kahakara yahI bAta kahI hai| unake anusAra yadi koI narabhava ko saphala nahIM banAtA to 'maMgha hAtha baTera mAI, sajata tAhi vAra' vAlI kahAvata usake sAtha caritArtha ho jaayegii| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne vyakti kI pahale use sAMsArika icchAtroM ko prora se saceta kiyA hai aura phira nara. janma ko durlabhatA kI mora saMketa kiyA  /  jIva anAdikAla se miyAjJAna ke vazIbhUta hokara karma kara rahA hai  /  kabhI vaha rAmA ke cakkara meM par3atA hai to kabhI bana ke, kabhI zarIra se rAga karatA hai to kabhI parivAra se  /  use yaha dhyAna nahIM ki 'prAja kAli pA~jare sau pacI ur3a jAtu hai  /  /  re cidAnada, tuma apane mUla svarUpa para vicAra kro| jaba taka tuma aura rUpa meM page rahoge, taba taka vAstavika sukha tumheM nahIM mila skegaa| indriya sukha ko yadi tuma vAstavika sukha mAnate ho to isase adhika bhUla tumhArI aura kyA hogI? yaha sukha kSaNika hai aura tumhArA svarUpa avinAzI hai| aisA narajanma pAkara vivekI banI aura karmaroga se mukta homo, isI me kalyANa hai| anyathA pazcAttApa karanA pdd'egaa| tumane itanI gAr3ha nidrA lI jo sAdhAraNataH maura koI nahIM letA  /  aba tumhAre hAtha cintAmariNa pAyA hai, narabhava pAyA hai isalie ghaTa kI mAMkheM khola aura jauharI bana  /  saMsAra kI karuNa sthiti ko dekhakara bhI yaha mUDha nara bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| samanaSya janma ko pAkara sote-sote hI vyatIta kara diyA jAya to bahuta bar3I ajJAnatA hogii| usa samaya kI koI kImata nahI lagAyI jA sakatI hai| eka-eka pala usakA amUlya hai  /  isalie kavi ne 'cetana narabhava pAya ke, ho jAni vRthA kyoM khove chai' kA udghoSa kiyA hai  /  daulatarAma ne caturgati ke duHkho kA varNana karate hae "durlabha lahi jyo cintAmaNi tyo paryAyalahI trasataNI' kahakara manuSya ko saceta kiyA hai|' budhajana ke bhAvo ko dekhiye, kitanI mAturatA aura vyagratA dikhAI de rahI hai unake zabdoM meM : 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 116. 21 brahmavilAsa, zatapraSTottarI, 21,22,44. 3. vahI, 42,43. 4. vahI, zatapraSTottarI, 83-85, paramArthapada paMkti, 5. 5. jaina zataka, bhUdharadAsa, 21. 6. hindI pada saMgraha, bastarAmasAha, pR. 166. 7. bahaDhAlA, prathama DhAla, 1-6.

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________________ narabhava pApa pheri du:khAnA detA kAma na karanA ho| nAhaka mamata ThAni pudgalasoM, karama jAlakyoM paranA ho  /  nrmv0||1|| yaha to nA tU malpI, tila tuSa kI buruvaranA ho| rAma-koSa taji bhaja samatA ko karma sAyA koharanA ho4120 voM va pAya viSaya sukha sehA, maja caliyana DomA ho| 'bukjana' samuki sema jinavara pada, jyoM bhaktAmara taranA ho  /  kavivara viSayAsakta vyakti kI prAhaTa ko pahacAnate haiN| isalie ve kahate haiM ki tumane abhI taka bahuta vicAra kiyA hai apanA  /  yaha narabhava mukti-mahala kI sIDI hai, saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karAne vAlA taTa hai phira kyo ise vyartha kho rahA hai "are ho se to sudharI bahuta bimArI  /  ye mati mukti mahala kI porI pAya rahata kyoM pichaarii|" (budhavana vilAsa, pada 26) mUbaradAsa saceta hokara narabhava kI saphalatA kI bAta karate haiM pare ho ceto re bhaaii| mAnuSa deha lahI dulahI, suparI udharI bhavasaMgati paaii| je karanI varanI karanI nahiM, samajhI karanI smjhaaii| yoM zubha thAna jagyo ura jJAna, virSa viSapAna tRSA na bujhAI  /  pArasa pAva sudhArasa bhUdhara, bhIkha ke mAMhi sulAja na aaii| (bhUghara vilAsa, pada 46) bihArIdAsa ko narabhava vyartha karanA samudra meM rAI pheka kara punaH prApta karanA jaisA lamA-"mAtama kaThisa upAya pAya narabhava kyoM tajai rAI udadhi samAnI phira TUTa nahI paaiye|" narabhava durlabhatA ke cintana ke sAtha hI sAdhaka kA mana saMsAra paura zarIra kI nazvaratA para bhI Tika jAtA hai| usakA mana tathAkathita sAMsArika sukhoM kI bhora se haTakara sthAyI sukha kI prApti meM laga jAtA hai| aba yaha samajhane lagatA hai ki sAMsArika sukha vastutaH vAstavika sukha nahIM balki subAAma hai| narabhava durlabhatA kA cintana isa cintana ko gaura mAye bar3hA detA hai| 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 181-192. 2. sambopacAsika, 3 digambara jaina mandira baDota kI hastalikhita prati, 3. prastuta viSaya para 'rahasya bhAvanA ke bASaka tattva" nAmaka adhyAya meM vistAra se madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ke vicAra prastuta kiye jA cuke haiN|

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________________ 3. prAsma sambodhana narabhava durlabhatA, zarIra mAdi viSayoM para cintana karane ke sAtha hI sAdhaka apane cetana ko mAtma sambodhana se sanmArga para lagAne kI preraNA detA hai| isase prasadavRttiyA~ manda ho jAtI haiM aura sAdhya kI ora bhI ekAgratA bar3ha jAtI hai sAdhaka svayaM mAme pAtA hai aura saMsAra ke padArthoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA prAdi para socatA hai| banArasIdAsa apane cetana ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki re cetana, tU trikAla meM akelA hI rahane vAlA hai  /  parivAra kA saMyoga to aisA hI hai, jaise nadInAva kA saMyoga hotA hai  /  jahA~ saMyoga hotA hai vahAM viyoga bhI nizcita hI hai| yaha saMsAra prasAra hai, bharaNabhaMgura hai  /  bulabule ke samAna sukha, saMpatti, zarIra prAdi sabhI kucha naSTa hone vAle haiM  /  tU moha ke kAraNa unameM itanA adhika pAsakta ho gayA hai ki AtmA ke samUce guNo ko mUla gayA hai  /  'maiM maiM' ke bhAva meM catutiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahA  /  abhI bhI mithyAmata ko chor3a de aura sadguru kI vANI para zraddhA kara le  /  terA kalyANa ho jAyegA  /  /  re cetana, tU abhI bhI mithyAbhrama kI ghanaghora nidrA meM soyA humA hai  /  jabaki kaSAya rUpa cAra cora tumhAre ghara ko naSTa kiye de rahe haiM cetana tuhu jani sovahu nIda aghora  /  cAra cora ghara mUsaMhi sarabasa toro| isalie tU rAga dveSa prAdi chor3akara aura kanaka kAminI se sambandha tyAga pracetana padArthoM kI sagati meM tU saba kucha mUla gayA  /  tujhe yaha to samajhanA cAhie thA ki cakamaka meM kabhI bhAga nikalatI nahIM dikhtii| Age kavi apanI prAtmA ko sambodhate hue kahate haiM ___ "tU mAtama guna jAni re jAvi, sAdhu vacana mani prAni re pAni  /  bharata cakravartI, rAvaraNa prAdi paurANika mahApuruSoM kA udAharaNa dekara ve aura bhI adhika spaSTa karate haiM ki anta samaya pAne para "paura na tohi chur3Avana haar|"3 1. cetana tU tihUkAla akelA, nadI nAva saMjoga mila jyoM, tyoM kuTumba kA melA  /  cetana  // 1 //  yaha saMsAra prasAra rUpa saba, jyoM paTamekhana khelaa| sukha saMpatti zarIra jalabuda buda, vinazata nAhIM belA  //  kahata 'banArasi' mithyAmata taja, hoya suguru kA celA  /  tAsa vacana paratI na pAna jiya, hoi sahaja surajhalA  /  cetana  /  / 3 /  /  banArasI vilAsa, madhyAtamapada paMkti, 2. 2. banArasI vilAsa, pradhyAtamapada paMkti, 9-20. 3. bahI, madhyAtama pada paMkti, 8.

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________________ 141 yaha saMsArI jIvAtmA para padArthoM meM adhika ruci dikhAtA hai aura svayaM apane guNoM ko bhUla jAtA hai-cetana ulTI cAla cale  /  jar3a saMgata teM jar3atA vyApI nija guna sakala Tale  /  yaha cetana bAra-bAra moha meM phaMsa jAtA hai isalie ve use apane Apa ko sambhAlane ko kahate haiM- cetana tohina neka saMsAra, nakha zikha loM dRr3ha bandhana baiThe kauna nikhAra 11 isIlie banArasIdAsa saMsArI jIva ko 'bhauMdU' kahakara sambodhita karate haiM  /  unake isa zabda meM kitanI yathArtha abhivyakti huI hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai| unakA kathana haiM-re bhoMdU, ye jo carma cakSu haiM jinase tuma padArthoM kA darzana karate ho, vastutaH ye tumhArI nahIM hai  /  unakI utpatti bhrama se hotI hai aura jahAM bhrama hotA hai vahAM zrama hotA hai| jahAM zrama hotA hai vahAM rAga hotA hai| jahAM rAga hotA hai vahAM mohAdika bhAva hote haiM, jahAM mohAdika bhAva hote haiM vahAM mukti prApti sambhava hai  /  re bhau, ye carma cakSueM to paudgalika haiM, para tUM to pudgala nahI  /  ye bhAveM parAdhIna haiM  /  fear prakAza ke ve padArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI  /  ataH aisI prAkheM prApta karane kA prayatna karo jo kisI para nirbhara na raheM bhau bhAI ! samujha zabda yaha merA, jo tU dekhe ina prakhinasau tAmeM kachu na terA, bhaudU0  //   //  parAdhIna bala ina prAkhina ko vinu prakAza na sUrbha  /  so parakAza pragati ravi zazi ko, tU apanoM kara bUjhe, bhoMdU  // 15 //  3 vAstavika prAkheM to 'hiye kI grAkheM haiN| re bhoMdU, tuma unhIM hiye kI prAkhoM se dekho jinase kisI prakAra kA bhrama utpanna nahIM hotaa| unase pramRta rasa kI varSA mAMkhoM se paramArtha hotI hai  /  ve kevala jJAnI kI vANI ko parakha sakatI haiM  /  una dekhA jAtA hai jisase prANI kRtArtha ho jAtA hai| yahI kevalI kI vyavasthA hai jahAM karmoM kA leSa nahIM rahatA  /  una prAMkhoM ke milate hI alakha niraMjana jAga jAtA hai, muni dhyAna dhAraNA karatA hai| saMsAra ke anya sabhI kArya mithyA lagane lagate haiM, viSaya vikAra naSTa hokara ziva-sukha prApta hotA hai, samatA rasa prakaTa hotA hai, nirvikalpAvasthA meM jIva ramaNa karane lagatA hai  /  banArasIdAsa kahate haiM-"vA dina 1. vahI, madhyAtama pada paMkti, 12. 2. banArasI vilAsa, pradhyAtama pada paMkti, 18, pR. 234-35. 3. bhoMdU bhAI dekhi hiye kI mAMkheM, je kara apanI sukha sampatti bhrama kI sampatti nAyeM, bhoMdU bhAI  /  vahI, 19 g. 235.

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________________ 142 ko kara soca jiya ! mana meM vA dina  // " he mUr3ha prANI jisa dina bhAMSI calegI usameM tumheM va tumhAre parivAra ko evaM sampatti ko vaha jAnA par3egA isalie tU ina saba meM cita mata lagA aura nirvANa prApti kA mArga grahaNa kara  /  maiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne jIvana kI tInoM avasthAoMoM kA sundara citraNa karake... saMsArI ko udghoSita kiyA hai bhUli gayI tija rUpa anupama, moha- mahAmada ke matavAre  /  hU dAna bando bhava ke tuma vetana kyoM nahIM cetana hAre || 2 tumhAre ghara meM cidAnanda baiThA hai usase rUpa ko dekhane-parakhane kA upamya kIjie-cinanda bhaiyA virAjita hai ghaTa mAMhi, vAke rUpa lakhiye ko upAya kachu kariye  //  para pradAyoM ke saMsarga se bhrAtma dharma ko mata bhUla | samyagjJAnI hokara paramArtha prApta kara aura zuddhAnubhava rasa kA pAna kara 13 vyakti bhogoM kI aura saralatA pUrvaka daur3atA hai| usakI isa pravRtti ko spaSTa karate hue kavivara daulatarAma ne " mAna le yA sikha morI, bhukaM mata bhogana zrorI" kahakara bhogavAsanA ko mujaMga ke zarIra (bhoga) ke samAna batAyA hai jo dekhane meM to sundara lagatA hai para sparza karate hI isa letA hai aura marmAntika pIr3A kA kAraNa banatA hai  /  jisa prakAra totA bhAkAza meM calane kI apanI gati ko bhUlakara nalinI ke phaMde meM phaMsatA hai aura pazcAtApa karatA hai usI prakAra re Atmat, tU apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara duHkha sAgara meM DubakiyAM lagAtA hai| 5 isalie ve cetana ko usa zrora se mur3ane ke lie kahate haiM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. vahI, aSTapadI malahAra, pR. 240. brahmavilAsa, zata praSTottarI, 50-54 pR. 19-20. aMsA, bhrama na bhUliye pudgala ke parasaMga  /  apano kAja saMvAriye, prAya jJAna ke aMma  //  prAyajJAta ke aMga mApa darzana kara loje  /  kIje vistA bhAva' zuddha pranubho rasa pIje  /  dIje cauvidhi dAna, aho ziva kheta basayA  /  tuma tribhuvana ke rAya, bharama jina mUlahU maiyA 217 111 vahI, 74, pR. 24. adhyAtama padAvalI pR, 340. apanI sudhi mUla bhApa zrApa dukha upAyo  /  jase zAma tama cAla bisari, malinI laTakAyI  /  dolatarAma, madhyAtma padAreft, g. 340.

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________________ 'jiyo tohi samajhAyI sI sau bAra  /  dekha saMguru kI parahita meM rati hita upadeza sunAyo sau sau bAra  /  viSaya mujaMga se dukhaM pAyo, puni tinasoM lapaTAye  /  svapada visAra racyo para pada meM, madarata chauM borAyau !! 7 tana dhana svajana nahIM hai tere, nAhaka neha lagAyo  /  kyoM na tarja bhrama, cAkha samAmRta, jo nita saMta suhAyo  //  bahU samujhi kaThina yaha tarabhava, jitavRSa vitA gamAyo  /  te vilakheM mani DAra udadhi meM, daulata ko pachanAyo || jIva ke mithyAjJAna kI ghora vihAra kara dhAnatarAya kahe binA nahIM raha pAte -- jAnata kyoM nahi he nara prAtama jJAnI, rAga dveSa pudgala kI saMgati nihace zuddha nizAnI 12 tU maiM maiM kI bhAvanA se kyoM prasita hai ? saMsAra kA hara padArtha kSaNabhaMgura hai para avinAzI hai maiM maiM kAhe karata haiM, tana ghana bhavana nihAra  /  tU avinAzI prAtamA, vinAsIta parantu mAyA moha ke cakkara meM par3akara svayaM kI saMsAra  //  zakti ko bhUla gayA hai  /  terI hara zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sohaM sohaM ke bhAva uThate hai  /  yahI tInoM lokoM kA sAra hai  /  tumheM to sohaM - chor3akara ajapAjapa meM laga jAnA caahie| udayarAja jatI ne prIti ko sAMsArika moha kA kAraNa batAkara usase dUra rahane kA upadeza diyA hai 4. udarAja kahaiM suriNa zrAtamA isI prIti jipa kareM 14 rUpacanda ne cetana ko catura sujAna kahakara apane zuddha vetanya svarUpa ko pahacAnane ke lie udbodhita karate haiM zrIra kahate hai ki para padArtha apane kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakate - 'rUpavanda citaceti nara, prapanI na hoi nidAna' (hindI pada saMgraha, 143) 1. 2. 3. sohaM sohaM hota nita, sAMsa usAsa maMjhAra | aret graratha vicArie, tIna loka meM sAra  /  jaiso taso prApa, thApa nihapai taji sohaM  /  ajapA jApa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM sohaM | dharmavilAsa, pU. 65. adhyAtmapadAvalI, 12, pR. 342. 1 hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 115. bhajata chattIsI, 37, rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI. bhAga 2, pariziSTa 1, pR. 142-3 mizrabandhu-va364, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 151.

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________________ 144 pada 62) 1 kyA prosa se kabhI pyAsa bujha sakatI hai ?1 kyA viSaya-sukha se kabhI sahaja zAzvata sukha prApta ho sakatA hai ? isalie re cetana ! para-padArthoM se prIti mata kara  /  tuma donoM kA svabhAva bilkula bhita hai| tU vivekI hai aura para padArtha jar3a haiN| aisI sthiti meM tU kahA~ unameM pha~sA huA hai-jiya jina karahi para soM prIti  /  eka prakRti na mileM jAsoM ko mare tihi nIti | 2 budhajana ko ajJAnI jIva ke ina kAryoM para pracaMbhA hotA haiM ki vaha pApa karma ko bhI dharma se sambaddha karatA hai 'pApa kAja kari dhana ko cAhai, dharma viSai meM batAva cha  /  3 isalie manarAma to sIdhA kaha dete haiM- 'cetana iha ghara nAhIM terI  / ' mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI tUne ise apanA ghara mAnA hai| sadguru ke vacana rUpI dIpaka kA prakAza milane para yaha terA ajJAna aMdhakAra apane prAya dhvasta ho jAyegA  /  4 maiyA bhagavatIdAsa AtmajJAna kI prApti ke lie cetana ko sambodhate hue kahate haiM-re mUDha, pAlmA ko pahicAna  /  vaha jJAna meM hai aura dhyAna meM hai  /  na vaha maratA hai aura na utpanna hotA hai, na rAva hai na raMka  /  vaha to jJAna nidhAna hai  /  zrAtmaprakAza karatA hai mora praSTa karmoM kA nAza karatA hai  /  suno rAya cidAnanda, tuma anaMta kAla se indriya sukha meM ramaNa kara rahe ho phira bhI tRpta nahIM hue  / " sAdhaka zrAtmasambodhana ke mAdhyama se apane kRta karmoM para pazcAttApa karatA hai jise rahasya bhAvanA kI eka viziSTa sIr3hI kahI jA sakatI hai| usakI yahI mAnasika jAgarUkatA use sAdhanA patha se vimukha nahIM hone detI  /  citta vizuddha ho jAne se sAMsArika prAsakti kosoM dUra ho jAtI hai  /  phalataH vaha zrAtmacintana meM adhika saghanatA ke sAtha jUTa jAtA hai  /  4. prAtmacintana : jaina darzana meM sapta tatvoM meM jIva athavA zrAtmA ko sarva pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| vahAM jIva ke do svarUpoM varNana kA milatA hai-saMsArI aura mukta | saMsAra 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sahaja sukha bina, viSaya sukha rasa, bhogavata na praghAta  /  rUpacanda cita ceta prosani, pyAsa toM na bujhAta  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pada 37. vahI, pada, 38. budhajana vilAsa, pada 85. hindI pada saMgraha, pada 352. brahmavilAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 13, 23. vahI, 14-15, pR. 11.

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________________ 145 kI free - bhinna paryAyoM meM bhramaNa karane vAlA sakarma jIva saMsArI kahalAtA hai aura jaba vaha apane karmoM se vimukta ho jAtA hai to use mukta kahA jAtA  /  jIva kI ina donoM paryAyoM koM kramazaH prAtmA aura paramAtmA bhI kahA gayA hai  /  sAmAnyataH jIva ke lie cidAnanda, cetana, alakSa, jIva, samayasAra, buddharUpa, bhabaddha, upayogI, cidrUpa, svayaMbhU, cinmUrti, dharmavanta, prANavanta, prANI, jantu, bhUta, bhavabhogI, guNavArI, kulAdhArI, bheSadhArI, aMgadhArI, saMgadhArI, yogadhArI, yogI, cinmaya, prakhaNDa, haMsa, akSara, AtmArAma, karma kartA, paramaviyogI prAdi nAmoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| aura paramAtmA ke lie paramapuruSa, paramezvara, paramajyoti, parabrahma, pUrNa, parama, pradhAna, anAdi, ananta, dhavyakta, avinAzI, bhaja, nirdvanda, mukta, mukunda, pramlAna, nirAbAdha, nigama, niraMjana, nirvikAra, nirAkAra, saMsAra - ziromaNi, sujJAna, sarvadarzI, sarvajJa, siddha, svAmI ziva, dhanI, nAtha, Iza, jagadIza, bhagavAna Adi nAma diye jAte haiM  /  ' mahAtmA zrAnandadhana paurANika zabdoM aura prathoM ko chor3akara prAtmA ke rAma prAdi naye zabda aura unake naye prarthaM diye haiM  /  'rAma' vaha hai jo nija pada meM rame 'rahIma' vaha hai jo dUsaroM para rahama kare, 'kRSNa' vaha hai jo karmoM kA kSaya kare, 'mahAdeva' vaha hai jo nirvANa prApta kare, 'pArzva' vaha hai jo zuddha zrAtmA kA sparza kare, brahma vaha hai jo grAtmA ke satya rUpa ko phicaane| vaha brahma niSkarma mora vizuddha hai : nija pada rame rAma sau kahiye, rahima kare rahimAna rI  /  karaze karma kAna so kahiye, mahAdeva nirvANa rI  //  parase rUpa pArasa sau kahie, brahma cinhe so brahmarI  /  iha vidha sAdhI Apa AnaMdaghana, cetanamaya niHkarma rI || jainadarzana vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa para vicAra karane ke lie naya praNAlI kA upayoga karatA hai  /  tadanusAra vastu ke mUla athavA zuddha svarUpa ko nizcaya naya aura azuddha svarUpa ko vyavahAra naya ke antargata rakhA jAtA hai  /  jIva kI niSkarmAvasthA para zuddha prathavA nizcayanaya se aura sakarmAvasthA para prazuddha athavA vyavahAra naya se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai  /  madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM sAdhakoM ne ina donoM praNAliyoM ko yathAsamaya apanAyA  /  mAtmA ke svarUpa para bhI unhoMne inhIM donoM praNAliyoM ke AdhAra para vicAra kiyA hai  /  1. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 36-37; nAmamAlA bhI dekhiye  /  2. jaina zodha mora samIkSA, pR. 72.

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________________ 146 zuddha cidAnandarUpa apanA bhAva hI zAna hai usI se mAyA-mohAvi dUra ho jAte . haiM aura siddhi prApta ho jAtI hai| jJAna nija bhAva zuddha cidAnanda, cItato mUko mAyA moha geha dekhie  /  /  mAtmA kA mUla guNa jJAna hai  /  vaha karmoM ke prabhAva se pracchanna bhale hI ho jAye para supta nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra suvarNa kudhAtu ke saMyoga se agni meM aneka rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai phira bhI vaha apane svarNatva kI nahIM chodd'taa| jIva kI yaha zuddhAvasthA caitanya rUpa hai, ananta guNa, anaMta paryAya aura anaMta zakti sahita hai pramUrtika hai, ziva hai, akhaMDita hai, sarvavyApI hai  /  banArasIdAsa ke nAma para pItAmbara dvArA likhI jJAnavAvanI meM jIva ke svarUpa ko bahuta acche DhaMga se prastuta kiyA gayA hai  /  usake anusAra jIva zuddha naya se zuddha, siddha, jJAyaka prAdi rUpa hai  /  parantu karmAdi ke kAraNa vaha unheM prApta nahIM kara pAtA  /  yahIM cidAnanda ko rAjA mAnakara karma pudgaloM se usakA saMgharSa bhI batAyA hai  /  sAtha hI cerI, senA, paramArtha, prapaMca, caupaTa prAdi rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se usake bAhma svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne jIva ke zuddha svarUpa ko ziva aura brahma samAdhi mAnA tathA zarIra meM usake nivAsa ko usI prakAra batAyA jisa prakAra phala-phUlAdi meM sugandha, dahI-dUdha Adi meM ghI, kATha pASANadi meM pAvaka  /  isI prakAra kA kathana muni mahanandi kA bhI hai-ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dUdha meM ghI, tila se tela tathA lakar3I meM agni rahatI hai usI prakAra zarIra meM prAtmA nivAsa karatI hai : tatvasAra dUhA-bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, 91; hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 78. 2. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 9. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 20. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 4. vahI, 16-30. vahI, dhyAnavattIsI, 1. cetana pudgala sau mileM, jyoM tila meM khali tela  /  pragaTa eka se dekhiye, yaha anAdi ko khela 11411 jyoM suvAsa phala phUla meM, dahI dUdha meM ghIva  /  pAvara kATha pASANa meM, tyoM zarIra meM jIva  / 17 /  vahI. madhyAtmabattIsI 4-7, pR. 143.

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________________ vIraha maha jaima ghiu, tilaha maMki jina tilu  /  ries arer jima vasaI, tisa dehahi dehillu  //  1. 2. banArasIdAsa ne prAtmA aura ziva ko sAMgarUpaka meM prastuta kara ziva samUce guNa siddha meM ghaTAye haiN| ziva ko unhoMne brahma, siddha bhaura bhagavAna bhI kahA hai  /  samUcI zivapaccasI meM unake isa siddhAnta kI mArmika vyAkhyA upalabdha hai  /  tadanusAra jIva aura ziva donoM eka haiM  /  vyavahArataH vaha jIva hai auaura nizcaya naya se vaha ziva rUpa hai  /  jIva ziva kI pUjA karatA hai aura bAda meM ziva rUpa ko prApta karatA hai  /  kavi ne yahAM nirguNa aura saguNa donoM bhakti dhArAoM ko ekasva meM samAhita karane kA pratyana kiyA hai  /  jIva ziva rUpa jinendra kI pUjA sAdhya kI prApti ke lie karatA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne apanI prakhara pratimA se usI ziva ko siddha meM prasthApita kara diyA hai  /  tanamaMDapa rUpa vedI hai usa para zubhalezyA rUpa saphedI hai  /  prAtma ruci rUpa kuNDalI banI hai, sadguru kI vANI jala-laharI hai usake sabuta svarUpa kI pUjA hotI hai  /  samarasa rUpa jala kA abhiSeka hotA hai, upazama rUpa rasa kA candana ghisA jAtA hai, sahajAnanda rUpa puSpa kI utpatti hotI hai, guNa gabhita 'jayamAla' car3hAyI jAtI hai  /  jJAna dIpa kI zikhA prajjvalita ho uThatI hai, syAdvAda kA ghaMTA jhaMkAratA hai, agama adhyAtma cavara DulAte haiM, kSAyaka rUpa dhUpa kA dahana hotA hai  /  dAna kI artha-vidhi, sahajazIla guraNa kA prakSata, tapa kA nevaja, vimalabhAva kA phala Age rakhakara jIva ziva kI pUjA karatA hai aura pravINa sAdhaka phalataH zivasvarUpa ho jAtA hai  /  jinendra kI kaTharaNArasa vANI surasaritA hai, sumati praSaginI gorI hai, triguraNabheda nayana vizeSa hai, vimalabhAva samakita zazi-lekhA hai  /  guru-zikSA ura me baMdhe zrRMga haiM  /  naya vyavahAra kaMdhe para rakhA bAghAmbara hai| vivekabaila, zakti vibhUti maMgacchavi hai  /  trigupti trizUla hai, kaMTha meM vibhAvarUpa viSaya viSa haiM, mahAdigambara yogI bheSa hai, brahma samAdhi chapana ghara hai anAhada rUpa DamarU bajatA hai paMca bheda zubhajJAna hai aura gyAraha pratimAyeM gyAraha rudra haiM  /  yaha ziva maMgala kAraNa hone se mokSa-patha dene vAle haiN| isI ko zaMkara kahA gayA hai, yahI akSaya niSi svAmI, sarvajaga antaryAmI aura AdinAtha haiM  /  tribhuvanoM kA tyAga kara zivavAsI hone se tripura haraNa kahalAye  /  mraSTa karmoM se akele saMgharSa karane ke kAraNa mahArA hue  /  manokAmanA kA dahana karane se kAmadahana kartA hue  /  saMsArI unhIM ko mahAdeva, bhu, mohahArI hara mAdi nAma se pukArate haiM  /  yahI zivarUpa zuddhAtmA siddha, nitya maura nirvikAra hai, utkRSTa sukha kA sthAna hai  /  sAhajika zAnti se sarvAMga sundara hai, 147 rAjasthAnI jaina santa, vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. 174. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI 1-24.

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________________ 148 nirdoSa hai, pUrNa jJAnI hai, virodharahita hai, pranAdi anaMta hai isalie jagata - ziromaNi hai, mArA jagata unakI jaya ke gIta gAtA hai avinAsI zravikAra paramarasadhAma hai  /  samAdhAna sarvajJa sahaja prabhirAma hai  /  suddha buddha praviruddha anAdi ananta hai  /  jagata ziromani siddha sadA jayavaMta hai ||4|| 1 nihAlacanda ne bhI siddha rUpa nirguNa brahma ko dhoMkAra rUpa mAnakara stuti kI hai  /  unheM vaha rUpa zragama, agocara, alakha, paramezvara, paramajyoti svarUpa dikhA - 'prAdi prakAra Apa paramesara parama joti' agama agocara alakha rUpa gAyI hai  /  yaha oMkAra rUpa siddhoM ko siddhi, santoM ko Rddhi, mahantoM ko mahimA, yogiyoM ko yoga, devoM aura muniyoM ko mukti tathA bhogiyoM ko mukti pradAna karatA hai  /  yaha cintAmaNi aura kalpavRkSa ke samAna hai  /  isake samAna aura koI bhI dUsarA mantra nahIM siddhanako siddhi, Rddhi dehisaMtana ko, mahimA mahantana ko dena dina mAhI hai, jogI ko jugati hUM, mukati deva, munina kU, bhogI kU bhugati gati matiuna pAMhI hai  /  cintAmana ratana, kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu, sukha ke samAja saba yAkI parachAMhI hai, kahaiM muni harSacanda niSedeyajJAna dRSTi aMkAra, maMtra sama aura mantra nAhIM hai  //  banArasIdAsa aura tulasIdAsa samakAlIna haiM  /  kahA jAtA hai ki tulasIdAsa ne banArasIdAsa ko apanI rAmAyaNa bheMTa kI aura samIkSA karane kA nivedana kiyA  /  dUsarI bAra jaba dono santa mile to banArasIdAsa ne kahA ki unhone rAmAyaNa ko adhyAtma rUpa me dekhA hai| unhoMne rAma ko zrAtmA ke artha meM likhA hai aura usakI samUcI vyAkhyA kara dI hai| zrAtmA hamAre zarIra meM vidyamAna hai  /  adhyAtmavAdI athavA rahasyavAdI isa tathya ko samajhatA hai  /  mithyA dRSTi use svIkAra nahIM karatA | AtmA rAma hai, usakA jJAna guNa lakSmaNa hai, sItA sumati hai zubhopayoga vAnara dala hai viveka raraNakSetra hai, dhyAna dhanuSaTaMkAra hai jisakI bhAvAja sunakara hI viSayabhogAdika bhAga jAte hai, mithyAmata rUpI laMkA bhasma ho jAtI hai, dhAraNA rUpI nAga 1. nATaka samayasAra, 4, pR. 5. jIvadvAra 2; brahmavilAsa - maiyA bhagavatIdAsa, sijhAya pR. 125, siddha caturdazI 141. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, 2. pR. 351.

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________________ 149 uTha jAtI hai, prajJAna bhAva rUpa rAkSasakula usameM jala jAte haiM, nikAMkSita rUpa yoddhA lar3ate haiM, rAgadveSa rUpa senApati jUjhate haiM, saMzaya kA gar3ha cakanAcUra ho jAtA hai, bhavavibhrama kA kumbhakaraNa vilakhane lagatA hai mana kA darayAva pulakita ho uThatA hai, mahirAvaNa thaka jAtA hai| samabhAva kA setu baMdha jAtA hai, durAzA kI maMdodarI mUrchita ho jAtI hai, caraNa (caritra) kA hanumAna jAgrata ho jAtA hai, caturgati kI senA ghaTa jAtI hai, chayaka guNa ke bANa jhUTane lagate hai, Atmazakti ke cakra sudarzana ko dekhakara dIna vibhISaNa kA udaya ho jAtA hai aura rAvaNa kA sirahIna jIvita kabaMdha mahI para phirane lagatA hai| isa prakAra sahajamAva kA saMgrAma hotA hai aura antarAtmA zuddha bana jAtA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne bhanta me yaha niSkarSa diyA ki rAmAyaNa vyavahAra dRSTi hai aura rAma nizcaya dRSTi  /  ye donoM samyaka zrutajJAna ke avayava hai virAja rAmAyaNa ghaTa mAhiM  /  /  maramI hoya marama so jAne, mUrakha mAne nAhi,  //  virAja rAmAyaNa  //  Teka pAtama 'rAma' jJAna guna lachamana 'sItA' sumati sameta  /  zabhapayoga 'vAnaradala' maMDita, vara viveka 'raNakheta'  // 2 //  dhyAna dhanuSa TaMkAra zaura suni, gaI viSayaditi bhAga  /  bhaI bhasma mithyAmata lakA, uThI dhAraNA prAga  // 3 //  jare ajJAna bhAva rAkSasakula lare nikAMchita sUra  /  jUjhe rAgadveSa senApati saMsai gaDha cakacUra  // 4 //  valakhata 'kubhakaraNa' bhavavibhrama, pulakita manadarayAva  /  thakita udAra vIra 'mahirAvaNa' setubaMdha samabhAva  // 5 //  mUchita 'maMdodarI' durAzA, sajaga carana 'hanumAna'  /  ghaTI caturgati paraNati 'senA' chuTe chapakaguNa 'bAna'  // 6 //  nirakhi sakatiguna cakrasudarzana udaya vibhISaNa dIna  /  phira kabaMdha mahIrAvaraNa kI prAraNabhAva zirahIma  /  /  iha vidhi sakala sAghu ghaTa aMtara, hoya sahaja saMgrAma  /  yaha vivahAradRSTi 'rAmAyaNa' kevala nizcaya 'rAma' virAje rAmAyaNa  /  /  /  cetana lakSaNa rUpa prAtmA kI tIna bhavasthAyeM hotI haiM-bahirAtmA antarAtmA paura paramAtmA  /  jo zarIra aura prAtmA ko prabhinna mAnate haiM vaha bahirAtmA hai  /  usI ko mithyAvRSTi bhI kahA gayA hai  /  vaha vidhiniSedha se anabhijJa hotA hai aura viSayoM meM lIna rahatA hai  /  jo bheda vijJAna se zarIra aura mAtmA ko bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai vaha 1. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 16, pR. 233.

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________________ 150 antarAtmA hai  /  isI ko samyak dRSTi kahA gayA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne inhIM ko karmamA prathama, madhyama prora paMDita kahA hai  /  jinavANI para zraddhA karane vAlA, bhramasaMzaya ko karane vAlA, samakitavAna prasaMyamI, jaghanya athavA adhama, antarAtmA hai| vairAgI tyAgI, indriyadaMbhI, svaparavivekI aura dezasaMyamI jIva madhyama antarAtmA hai tamA sAtaveM se lekara bArahaveM guraNasthAna taka kI zreNI ko dhAraNa karane vAle suddhopayogI mAtmadhyAnI nisparigrahI jIva uttama athavA paMDita antarAtmA hai| jI sayoga guNasthAna para car3hakara kevalajJAna prApta karatA hai vaha paramAtmA hai  /  isake do bheda hai--sakala (sazarIrI) aura nikala (azarIrI)  /  inhIM ko kramazaH parhanta pora siddha kahA gayA hai| trividhisakala tanuthara gata pAtamA, bahirAtamA dhuri bheda  /  bojo pratara-prAtama, tisaro paramAtama pravicheda  /  /  prAtama buddhi kAyAdika grayo, bahirAtama adharUpa  /  kAyAdika no sAMkhIghara rahayo, tara prAtama rUpa  /  /  jJAnAnaMda ho pUraNa pAvano varajita sakala upAdha  /  pratindriya guNagaNamaNi prAgaru ima paramAtama sAdha  //  bahirAtama taji pratara mAtama rUpa dhaI thira bhAva  /  paramAtama ho pAtamabhAvaka prAtama parapaNa dAva  // 2 pAsmA eka sthiti para pahucakara saguNa maura bAda meM nirguNa rUpa ho jAtA hai  /  kavivara banArasIdAsa ne usakI ina donoM avasthAmo kA varNana kiyA hai| prAcArya yogIndu ne inhI ko kramazaH sakala aura nikala kI saMjJA dI hai| sakala kA artha hai mahanta aura nikala kA partha hai siddha  /  eka sAkAra hai aura 1. banArasIvilAsa avasthASTaka, pR. 185%; chahaDhAlA-daulatarAma 3-4-6%3B madhyAtma paMcAsikA dohA-dyAnatarAya, hastalikhita granthoM kA pandrahavAM vArSika vivaraNa (khoja vivaraNa) san 1932-34, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vArANasI. 2. apabhraMza aura hindI meM rahasyavAda, pR. 108; brahmavilAsa-(bhaiyA bhagavatI dAsa), paramAtmachattIsI, 2-5 pR. 227; dharmavilAsa-dyAnatarAya, adhyAtma paMcAsikA, pR. 192. "niguNa rUpa niraMjana devA, saguNa svarUpa kareM vidhisevA'  /  banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 7, pR. 150. 4. paramAtmaprakAza, 1-25, pR. 32.

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________________ ts 1 dUsarA nirAkAra  /  zrahanta ke cAra ghAtiyA karma naSTa ho jAte haiM aura zeSa cAra tayA karmoM ke naSTa hone taka saMsAra meM sazarIra rahanA par3atA hai  /  para manta ATha karmoM kA nAza kara cukate haiM aura siddha avasthA prApta kara lete haiN| unhIM ko . saguNa aura nirguNa brahma bhI kahA gayA hai| hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne donoM kI bar3e bhaktibhAva se stuti kI hai| unhoMne siddha ko hI brahma kahA hai  /  darzana se unheM cAroM ora phailA basanta dekhane milA hai  /   hIrAnanda mukIma ne grAtmA vizuddha svarUpa ko alakha pragocara batAyA tathA dhAtmatatva ke anupama rUpa ko prApta karane kA upadeza diyA  /  isakA pUrNa paricaya pAye binA japa tapa zrAdi saba kucha vyartha hai usI taraha jaise karaNoM ke binA SoM kA phaTakanA nirarthaka rahatA hai  /  dhAnya virahita kheta meM bAr3hI lagAne kA artha hI kyA hai ? prAtmA vizuddha svarUpa nirvikAra, nizchala, nikala, nirmala, jyotirjJAna gamya aura zAyaka hai  / " vaha 'devani ko deva so to basai nija deha mAMjha, tAkI bhUla sevata pradeva deva mAnika' ke kAraNa saMsAra bhramaNa karatA hai  / " 5. zrAtmA-paramAtmA jaisA ki hama vigata pRSThoM meM kaha cuke haiM ki prAtmA kI vizuddhatama avasthA paramAtmA kahalAtI hai| isa para bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne cetana karma caritra meM jIva ke samUce tattvoM ke rUpa meM vizada prakAza DAlA hai| eka anya sthAna para bhI kavi ne zuddha cetana ke svarUpa para vicAra kiyA hai  /  vaha eka hI brahma hai jisake prasaMkhya pradeza hai, ananta guraNa hai, cetana hai, ananta darzana-jJAna, sukha-vIryavAna hai, siddha hai, bhajaraamara hai, nivikAra hai  /  isI ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai  / " usakA svabhAva jJAna 1. nirAkAra cetanA kahAve darasana guna sAkAra cetanA suddhajJAna guna sAra hai  /  nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 10. banArasIdAsa, nAmamAlA, Iza ke nAma, brahmavilAsa, siddhacaturdazI, 1-3 khAnatapada saMgraha 58, banArasIvilAsa, madhyAtmaphAgu, pR. 154. adhyAtmavAvanI, gurjara kavipro, prathama bhAga, pR. 466-67. 5. pAMDe rUpacanda, paramArthI dohAzataka, jaita hitaiSI, bhAga 6, aMka 5-6. 6. manarAmavilAsa, 15 TholiyoM ke di. jaina maMdira, vaiSnaTa naM. 395 meM saMkalita hastalikhita prati manamodana paMcazatI, 42. pR. 20. 7. ekahi brahma asaMkhya pradeza | guraNa ghanaMta cetanatA meza || 2. 3. 4. zakti anaMta larsa jisa mAhi jAsama aura dUsarI nAhi ||21| parakA parasa raMca nahi jahAM zuddha sarUpa kahAvaM tahAM  //  afaarit after avikAra  /  so paramAtama hai niradhAra ||6|| ---brahmavilAsa, paramAtmA kI jayamAla; pU. 104,

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________________ 152 darzana hai aura rAga-dveSa, mohAdi vibhAva bhAtma paraNatiyAM hai  /  ziva, brahma maura siddha ko eka mAnA hai  /  brahma aura brahmA me bhI ekarUpatA sthApita kI hai  /  jaise brahmA ke cAra mukha hote hai, vaise brahma ke bhI cAra mukha hote hai-mAMkha, nAka, rasanA aura zravaNa  /  hRdaya rUpI kamala para baiThakara yaha vividha pariNAma karatA rahatA hai para prAtamarAma brahma karma kA kartA nahI  /  vaha nirvikAra hotA hai| anantaguNI hotA hai| prAtmA aura paramAtmA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM  /  antara mAtra itanA hai ki moha mela dRr3ha lagi rahyo tAtai sUjha nAhiM  /  zuddhAramA ko hI paramezvara paramaguru paramajyoti, jagadIza aura parama kahA hai  /  6.mAtmA aura pudgala pudgala rUpa karmoM ke kAraNa prAtmA (cetana) kI mUla jJAnAdika zaktiyAM dhUmila ho jAtI hai aura phalataH use saMsAra me janma maraNa karanA par3atA hai  /  yaha usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa hai  /  sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda prakAza dhUpa, cAMdanI, chAyA, paMdhakAra, zarIra, bhASA, mana zvAsocchavAsa tathA kAma, krodha, mAna-mAyA, lobha mAdi jo bhI indriya aura manogocara haiM ve sabhI paudgalika hai  /  deha bhI paudgalika hai  /  mana me isa prakAra kA vicAra sAdhaka ko bhedavijJAna ho jAne para mAlUma par3ane lagatA hai aura vahI bahirAtmA, antarAtmA bana jAtA hai| antarAtmA sAMsArika bhogoM ko tuccha samajhane lagatA hai aura apanI antarAtmA ko vizuddhAvasthA prApta karAne kA prayatna karatA hai| antarAtmA vicAratA hai ki prAtmA aura pudgala vastutaH bhinna-bhinna hai para paraspara sambandha bane rahane ke kAraNa vyavahArataH unheM eka kaha diyA jAtA hai  /  mAtmA aura karmoM kA sambandha anAdikAla se rahA hai| unakA yaha sambandha usI prakAra se hai jisa prakAra tila kA khali aura tela ke sAtha rahatA hai| jisa prakAra 1. brahmavilAsa, mithyAtva vidhvasa na caturdazI, jayamAla, pR. 104. 2. vahI, siddha catudarzI, 1-4 pR. 134; subuddhi caubIsI 7-9 pR. 159, phuTakara kavitA; pR. 273. vahI, brahmAbrahma nirNaya catudarzI, pR. 171, phuTakara kavitA, 1, pR. 272-73. 4. vahI, jinadharmapacIsikA, 13 pR. 214. 5. vahI, paramAtmA chattIsI, 1 pR. 228. 6. vahI, IzvaranirNayapacIsI, 1 pR. 252; paramAtmazataka, pR. 278-29 1.

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________________ 153 cumbaka lohe ko bhASita karatA hai usI prakAra karma cetana ko apanI ora khIMcatA hai| cetana zarIra meM usI prakAra rahatA hai jisa prakAra phala-phUla meM sugandha, dUdha meM dahI aura ghI, tathA kATha meM agni rahA karatI hai| sahaja zuddha cetana bhAva karma kI moTa meM rahatA hai aura dravya karma rUpa zarIra se baMdhA rahatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne eka udAharaNa dekara use spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| koThI meM dhAna rakhI hai, pAna ke chilake ke andara dhAnya karaNa rakhA hai| yadi chilake ko dhoyA jAya to karaNa prApta ho jAyegA aura yadi koThI (miTTI kI) ko dhoyA jAya to kIcar3a bana jaayegii| yahA~ koThI ke rUpa meM nokarma makha haiM. dravya karma meM dhAnya hai, bhAvakarmamala ke rUpa meM chilakA (camI) haiM aura kaNa ke rUpa meM praSTa karmoM se mukta bhagavAna haiN| isa prakAra karma rUpa pudgala ko do bheda hai-bhAva karma aura dravya karma  /  bhAva karma kI gati jJAnAdika hotI haiM aura dravya karma nokarma rUpa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| eka jJAna kA pariNamana haiM aura dUsarA karma kA ghera hai  /  jJAnacakra antara meM rahatA hai para karmacakra pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| cetana ke ye donoM bhAva kramazaH zukla pakSa aura kRSNa pakSa ke rUpa hai  /  nija guNa-paryAya meM jJAnacakra kI bhUmikA rahatI hai aura para padArthoM ke guNaparyAya meM karmacakra kAraNa rahatA hai  /  jJAnI sajaga samyag darzana yukta karmoM kI nirjarA karane vAlA tathA deva-dharma guru kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hotA hai para karmacakra meM rahane vAlA ghanaghora nidrAlu, mandhA tathA karmoM kA bandha karane vAlA deva-dharma guru kI ora se vimukha hotA hai  /  karmavAn jIva mohI mithyAtvI, bheSadhArikoM ko guru mAnane vAlA, puNyavAn ko deva kahane vAlA tathA kula paramparAmoM ko dharma batAne vAlA hotA hai, para jJAnI jIva vItarAgI niraMjana ko deva, unake vacanoM ko dharma aura sAdhu puruSa ko guru kahatA hai  /  karmabandha se bhrama bar3hatA hai aura bhrama se kisI bhI vastu kA spaSTata: bhAna nahIM ho pAtA  /  moha kA upazama hote hI vibhAva paraNitiyAM samApta hotI jAtI haiM tathA sumati kA udaya hotA hai  /  usI se samyak darzaka-jJAna-cAritra kA prakAza mAtA hai  /  ziva kI prApti ke lie sumati kI prApti hI mukhya upAya hai| 1. hindI pada saMgraha, bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti, pR. 3. 2. jyoM koThI meM dhAna tho. camI mAMhi kanabIca  /  camI dhoya kama rAkhiye, koThI dhoe kIca  // 11 //  koThI sama nokarma mala, dravya karma jyoM dhAna  /  bhAvakarmamala jyoM, camI, kana samAna bhagavAna  /  / 12 /  banArasI vilAsa, pradhyAtama battIsI 11-12, pR. 144. 3. vahI, adhyAtama battIsI, 13-32.

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________________ 134 zrAtmA kA yahI mUla rUpa hai --moha karma mama nAhIM nAhi bhramakUpa hai, zuddha cetanA siMdhu hamArI rUpa hai| www jisa prakAra koI naTI vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajakara nATyazAlA meM parade kI noTa meM jhAkara jaba bar3I hotI hai to kisI ko dikhAI nahIM detI para jaba usake donoM ghara ke parade alaga kara diye jAte haiM to darzaka use spaSTa rUpa se dekhane meM sakSama ho jAte haiN| vaise hI yaha jJAna kA samudrarUpa prAramA midhyAtva ke prAvaraNa se DhaMkA thA  /  usake dUra hote hI prAtmA ne apanI mUla jJAyaka zakti prApta kara lI :jaise koU pAtura banAya vastra grAmarana, prAvati prakhAre nisi mAr3I paTa karikai  /  duhaM kara dIbaTi saMvAri paTa dUri kIja, sakala sabhA ke loga dekheM dRSTi dharikai  //  taiseM gyAna sAgara midhyAti graMthi bhedi kari, umagyo prakaTa rahyo tihUM loka bharikai  //  aiso upadesa suni cAhie jagata jIva, zuddhatA saMbhAre jaga jAlaso nisarike  //  2 mithyAtva karma ke udaya se jIva adhyAtma aura rahasya sAdhanA kI ora unmukha nahIM ho pAtA  /  vaha deha maura jIva ko abhinna mAnakara sArI bhautika sAdhanA karatA hai| moha, mamatA, parigraha, viSaya bhoga zrAdi saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko dUra kara zrAtmajJAnI karma-nirjarA meM juTa jAtA hai  /  saMsArI kA mana tRSNA ke kAraNa dharma-rUpa aMkuza ko usI taraha nahIM svIkAra karatA jaise mahAmatta gajarAja prakuza se bhI vaza meM nahIM ho pAtA  /  isa mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie dhyAna-samAdhi praura sadguru kA upadeza upayogI hote haiN| kaMcana jisa prakAra kisI paristhiti meM apanA svabhAva nahIM chor3atA 1. 2. 3. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 13. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 35 g. 52. deha maura jIva ke sambandha kI prazAnatA hI mithyAtva hai dIghanikAya ke brahma jAla surata meM isa prakAra kI 62 midhyAdRSTiyo kA ullekha hai - 18 prAdi sambandhI aura 44 bhanta sambandhI  /  inameM zAzvatavAda, bhramaravikSepavAda, ucchedavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda, saMjJIvAda, prasaMjJIvAda jaise vAda adhika prasiddha the  /  sUbhakRtAMga meM saptatattva yA nava padArthoM ke prAdhAra para bahI saMkhyA 363 batAyI gaI hai  /  kriyAvAda 180, prakriyAvAda 84, ajJAnavAda 67 aura daforare 32 | jaina bauddha sAhitya meM yaha paramparA lagabhaga samAna hai  /  bizeSa dekhie - DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAskara kI pustaka bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, prathama adhyAya  / 

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________________ 836 use pakAne ke bAda zuddha kara liyA jAtA hai kise hI vAtmA kA mUla samAva jAna paSTa nahIM ho sktaa| use bhedavijJAna ke mAdhyama se mohAdi ke prAvaraNa ko dUra kara paramAtmapada prApta kara liyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra cetana aura pudgala, donoM pRthak hai  /  pudgala (deha) karma kI paryAya hai aura cetana zuddha buddha rUpa hai  /  cetana mora pudgala ke isa aMtara ko bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bar3e sAhityika DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA hai| ina donoM meM vahIM antara hai jo zarIra paura vastra meM hai| jisa prakAra zarIra vastra vahI ho sakatA aura na vastra zarIra  /  lAla vastra pahinane se zarIra lAla nahIM hotA  /  jisa prakAra vastra jIrNa-zIrNa hone se zarIra jIrNa-zIrNa nahIM hotA 'usI taraha zarIra ke jIrNa-zIrNa hone se prAtmA jINe-zIrNa nahIM hotA  /  sarIra pudgala kI paryAya hai aura usameM cidAnanda rUpa mAtmA kA nivAsa rahatA hai| isI ko kavivara banArasIdAsa ne aneka udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA hai| sone kI myAna meM rakhI huI lohe kI talavAra sone kI kahI jAtI hai parantu jaba vaha lohe kI talavAra sone kI myAna se alaga kI jAtI hai taba bhI loga use lohe kI hI kahate haiM  /  isI prakAra ghI ke saMyoga se miTTI ke ghar3e ko ghI kA par3A kahA jAtA hai parantu vaha ghar3A ghI rUpa nahIM hotA, usI taraha zarIra ke sambandha se jIva choTA, bar3A. kAlA, va gorA pAdi aneka nAma pAtA hai parantu yaha zarIra ke samAna aceta nahIM ho jaataa| khAMDo kahiye kanakako, kanaka-myAna-sayoga  /  myAro nirakhata myAnasauM, loha kahaiM saba loga  // 7 //  jyoM ghaTa kahiye dhIva ko, ghaTa ko rUpa na dhiiv| tyauM varanAdika nAma sauM, jar3atA lahai na jIva  // 812 1. lAla vastra pahiresoM deha to na lAla hoya, lAla deha bhaye haMsa lAla to na maaniye| vastra ke purAne bhaye deha na purAnI hoya, deha ke purAne jIva jIrana na jaaniye|| basana ke nAza bhage deha ko na nAza hoya, deha ke na nAza haMsa nAza na bdhaaniye| deha darva pudgala kI cidAnanda jJAnamayI, doU bhinna-bhinna rUpa 'bhaiyA' ura mAniye ||lon (brahmavilAsa, pAzcarya caturdazI, 10, pR. 191.) 2. nATaka samayasAra, pajIbadvAra, 7-9 pR. 58-60,

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________________ 156 prAtmacintana ke sandarbha meM sAdhaka mAtmA ke mUla svarUpa para ukta prakAra se vicAra kara usake sAtha karmoM ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra karatA hai| isa vicAraNA se usake prAra- art kI prakriyA DhIlI par3a jAtI haiM, rAgAdika bhAva zithila ho jAte haiM tathA saMvara- nirjara kA mArga prazasta ho jAtA hai  /  7. cittazuddhi jaina rahasya sAdhanA me citta zuddhi kA vizeSa mahatva hai| usake binA kisI bhI kriyA kA koI upayoga nahIM  /  samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI prApti ke lie antaH kAraNa kA zuddha honA zrAvazyaka hai  /  jo bAhyaliMga se liMga se rahita hai vaha phalataH Atmapatha se bhraSTa aura mokSa kyoMki bhAva hI prathama liMga hai, dravyaliMga kabhI bhI paramArtha prApti meM kAraNabhUta nahIM hotA  /  zuddha bhAva hI guNa-doSa kA kAraNa hotA hai| 2 bAhya kriyA se zrAtmahita nahIM hotA isalie usakI gaNanA bandha paddhati me kI gaI hai| vaha mahAduHkhadAyI hai| yogIndumuni aura munirAmasiMha jaise rahasya sAdhakoM ne kabIra se pUrva bAhya kriyAyeM karane vAle yogiyoM ko phaTakArA hai aura apanI AtmA ko dhokhA dene vAle kahA hai  /  citta zuddhi ke binA mokSa kadApi prApta nahIM ho sakatA  /  " 4 banArasIdAsa ne bhI yahI kahA ki yadi sva-para viveka jAgrata nahIM huA to sArI kriyAye zrAtmazuddhi binA mithyA haiM, nirarthaka haiN| * maiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhI prAtma zuddhi ke pakSapAtI the  / " pAMDe hemarAja ne isI taraha kahA ki zuddhAtma kA anubhava kiye binA tIrtha sthAna, zira muMDana, tapa-tApana zrAdi saba kucha vyartha hai - "zuddhAtama anubhau binA kyoM pAvai sivaSeta 16 vahI mokSa mArga kA vizeSa sAdhana hai- yukta hai kintu prabhyantara patha kA vinAzaka hai  /  1 1. mokkha pAhur3a, 61 2. bhAva pAhur3a, 2. 3. pAhur3a, dohA 135, paramAtma prakAza, 2.70  //  4. banArasI bilAsa, mokSaper3I, 8 T. 132. brahmavilAsa, zata aSTottarI 11, pR. 10. 5. upadeza dohAzataka, 5-18. madanamohana paMcazatI, chatrapati, 99, pR. 48. 6. 7. bhAva binA dravya nAhi, dravya binA loka nAhi, loka binA zUnya saba mUla bhUta bhAva haiN|"

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________________ 137 zuddha bhAva kI prApti ho jAne para para padArthoM se bharuci ho jAtI hai, saMzayAdika doSa dUra ho jAte hai, vidhi niSedha kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, rAgAdika vAsanA dUra hokara niveda bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai| isalie zuddhabhAva aura prAtmajJAna ke binA kiyA gayA mithyA dRSTi kA karor3oM jammoM kA bAlalapa utane karmoM kA vinAza nahIM kara pAtA jitanA samyagjJAnI jIva kSaNa mAtra meM kara ddaaltaa| isalie kavi daulatarAma zuddha bhAva mAhAtmya ko samajhakara kaha uThate haiM-mere kaba hai vA dina kI suprii| tana vina vasana asana bina bana meM nivasI nAsa dRSTi dhari  /  /  puNya pApa parasoM kaba viracoM, paracoM nijavidhi cir-bikhrii| taja upAdhi, saja sahaja samAdhi sahoM dhAma-hima megha jhrii|| kaba thira-joga gharoM aisoM mohi upala jAna mRgakhAja harI  /  dhyAna-kamAna tAna anubhavazara, chedoM kihi dina moha prii|| kava tana kaMcana eka ganoM praru, mani jar3itAlaya zaila drii|| daulata sadaguru caranana seUM jo puravI prAza yahai hamArI  //  bhAvazUnya bAhya kriyAnoM kA niSedhakara sAdhaka antaraMga zuddhi kI ora agrasara hotA hai  /  vaha samajhAne lagatA hai ki apane Apako jAne binA dehAzrita kriyAyeM karanA tathA-nirveda hue binA kaThina tapa karanA vyartha hai isalie daulatarAma kahate haiM ki yadi tU ziva pada prApta karanA cAhatA hai to nija bhAva ko jaano| yaha cittavizuddhi prAtmAlAcana gabhita hotI hai| prAtmAlocana ke binA sAdhaka AtmavikAsa kI ora saphalatApUrvaka paga nahIM bar3ha ptaa| prAtmAlocana aura prAtmazodhana paraspara guthe hue haiM  /  jaina kaviyoM ne ina donoM kSetroM meM sahajatA aura saralatApUrvaka prAtma doSoM ko pragaTa kara cittavizuddhi kI mora kadama bar3hAye haiM-1 rUpacanda ko isa bAta kA pazcAttApa hai ki unhoMne apanA mAnusa janma vyartha kho diyA 'mAnusa janma vRthA teM khoyo' (hindI Sada saMgraha, pada 46)  /  dyAnatarAya (dhAnata vilAsa, pada 21) kavi cintA grasta hai ki use vairAgya bhAva kaba udita hogA-"mere mana kaba have hai vairAga" (dyAnata pada saMgraha, pada 241) yahI socate-socate ve kaha uThate haiM 1. vahI, 103-105. 2. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 341. ziva cAhai to dvividha dharmata, kara nija paranati nyArI re| daulata jina jina bhAva pichANyo, tina bhavavipati vidArI re|| vahI, pR. 332.

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________________ 158 'duvidhA kama je hai yA mana kI'  /  kaba nijanAtha niraMjana sumirau taja sevA jana-jana kI  /  kabaruci sauMpI dUga cAtaka, dvandA zralaya pada dhana kI  /  kaba subha dhyAna dharauM samanA gahi karUM na mamatA tana kii| kaba ghaTa antara rahe nirantara dir3hatA suguru vacana kI  /  kaba sukha lhoM bheda paramAratha, miTe dhAranA dhana kI  /  kaba ghara khAMr3a hohu ekAMkI, liye lAlasA bana kI  /  aisI dasA hoya kaba merI hauM bali-bali vA dhana kI  //  - (hindI pada, sagraha, pada 80 ) daulatarAma "hama to kabahuM na nijaguna Aye" kaha 'nija ghara nAhiM pichAnyau re' kaha uThate haiM  /  vidyAsAgara bhI "maiM to yA bhana vyakta kara karate haiM  /  ye bhAva sAdhaka kI prAMtarika haiM jinameM paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra kI gahana mAzA prAdhyAtmika pragati ke sopAna car3hatA rahatA hai  /  yoMhi gamAyo" kahakara yahI bhAva pavitratA se utpanna mArmika svara juDI huI hai jisake bala para vaha isa prakAra jaina dharma meM antaraMga kI vizuddhi para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai  /  isalie banArasIdAsa ne jJAnI aura ajJAnI kI sAdhanA ke phala me antara dikhAte hue spaSTa kahA hai- jAke citta jaisI dazA paMDita bhava khaMDita kareM, tAkI taisI dRSTi  /  mUDha banAve sRSTi  //  sva-para kA viveka bhedavijJAna kahalAtA hai  /  usakA prakAza AdikAla se lage hue jIva ke karma aura moha ke naSTa ho jAne para hotA hai  /  samyagdRSTi hI bhedavijJAnI hotA hai  /  use bhedavijJAna sAMsArika padArthoM se aise pRthak kara detA hai jaise pragni svarNa ko kiTTikA Adi se bhinna kara detI hai  / " rUpacanda isI ko suprabhAta kahate haiM- "prabhu mokauM aba suprabhAta bhayo  / " vaha mithyAbhrama, mohanidrA, krodhAdika kaSAya, kAmavikAra zrAdi naSTa hone para prApta hotA hai  /  yahI mokSa kA kAraNa hai 1 3 8. bhedavijJAna bhedavijJAna hone para cetana ko svAnubhava hone lagatA hai anya pakSa ke sthAna para anekAnta kI kiraNa prasphuTita ho jAtI hai, zrAnanda kanda mamanda mUrti meM mana ramaNa karane lagatA hai  /  isalie bhedavijJAna ko 'hiye kI prAkheM' kahA gayA hai  /  banArasI vilAsa, karma chattIsI, 37, nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 23. 1. 2. 3. hindI pada saMgraha, du. 36. 4. vahI, pR. 36-37. pR. 139.

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________________ 155 jisake prApta hone para amRtarasa barasane lagatA hai paura paramArtha spaSTa dikhAI dene. lagatA hai| jaise koI vyakti dhobI ke ghara jAkara dUsare ke kapar3e pahana letA hai aura yadi isa bIca una kapar3oM kA svAmI prAkara kahatA hai ki me kapar3e mere haiM to vaha manuSya apane vastra kA cinha dekhakara tyAga buddhi karatA hai, usI prakAra yaha karma saMyogI jIva parigraha ke mamatva se vibhAva meM rahatA hai arthAt zarIrAdi ko apanA mAnatA hai  /  parantu bhedavijJAna hone para jaba sva-para kA viveka ho jAtA hai to vaha rAgAdi bhAvoM se bhinna apane svasvabhAva ko grahaNa karatA hai| jisa prakAra pArA kASTha ke do khaNDa kara detA hai, athavA jisa prakAra rAjahaMsa kSIra-nArI kA pRthakkaraNa kara detA hai usI prakAra bhedavijJAna apanI bhedana-zakti se jIva bhora pudgala ko judAjudA karatA hai  /  pazcAt yaha bhedavijJAna unnati karate-karate avadhizAna manaH paryayazAna aura paramAvadhi jJAna kI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai aura isa rIti se vRddhi karake pUrNa svarUpa kA prakAza arthAt kevalajJAna svarUpa ho jAtA hai jisameM lokamaloka ke sampUrNa padArtha pratibimbita hote haiM jaise karavata eka kATha bIca khaNDa kareM, jaise rAjahaMsa nikhArai dUdha jalakauM  /  taMse bhedagyAna nija bhedaka sakatisetI, bhinna-bhinna kara cidAnanda pudgala kauM  /  / 3 zuddha, svatantra, ekarUpa, nirAbAgha bhedavijJAna rUpa tIkSNa karauMta antaHkaraNa meM praveza kara svabhAva-vibhAva aura jar3a cetana ko pRthak-pRthak kara detA hai vaha bhedavijJAna jinake hRdaya meM utpana hotA hai unheM zarIra prAdi para vastu kA bhAva nahIM suhAtA  /  ve prAtmAnubhava karake hI prasanna hote haiM aura paramAtmA kA svarUpa 1. bahI, banArasIdAsa, pR. 59. 2. jaiseM koU jana gayo dhobIka sadana tina, pahirayo parAyo vastra mero mAni rahI hai| dhani dekhi kahyo bhaiyA yaha to hamArI vastra, taise hI manAvi pudgalasoM saMjogI jIva, saMga ke mamatva sauM vibhAva tAmaiM brahmA hai  /  bhedajJAna bhayo jaba pApI para jAnyau taba, nyArI parabhAvasauM svabhAva nija gahI hai  /  nATaka samayasAra, bIvahAra,32. 3. nATaka samayasAra, ajIbadvAra, 14 pR. 64,

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________________ 160 pahacAnate haiN| isalie bhedavijJAna ko saMvara, nirjaga aura mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai  / " bhedavijJAna ke binA zubha-azubha kI sArI kriyAyeM bhAgavad bhakti, bAhyatapa prAdi saba kucha nirarthaka hai  /  bhedavijJAna apanI jJAna zakti se dravya karma-bhAvakarma ko naSTa kara mohAndhakAra ko dUra kara kevala jJAna kI jyoti prApti karatA hai  /  karma aura nokarma se na chipa sakane yogya ananta zakti prakaTa hotI hai jisase vaha sIdhA mokSa prApta karatA hai bhedavijJAna ko hI zrAtmopalabdhi kahA gayA hai| isI se cidAnanda apane sahaja svabhAva ko prApta kara letA hai  /  pItAmbara ne jJAnavAvanI meM isI tathya ko kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se bahuta spaSTa kiyA hai| 5 banArasIdAsa ne isI ko kAmanAzinI puNyapApatAharanI, rAmaramaNI, vivekasiMhacaranI, sahaja rUpA, jagamAtA rUpa sumatidevI kahA hai  /  meyA bhagavatIdAsa ne "jaiso zivakheta teso deha meM virAjamAna, aiso lakhi sumati svabhAva me pagate hai  / "" kahakara "jJAna binA bera-bera kriyA karI phera-phera, kiyo koU kAraja na prAtama jatana ko " kahA hai| kavi kA cetana jaba zranAdikAla se lage mohAdika ko naSTa kara anantajJAna zakti ko pA jAtA hai to kaha uThatA hai 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. jaisI koU manuSya prajAna mahAbalavAna, khodi mUla vRccha ko ukhAraM gahi bAhU sauM  /  taise matimAna darva karma bhAvakarma tyAgi, rahe atIta mati gyAna kI dazAhU sauM  /  yAhI kriyA anusAra miTai moha andhakAra jaga joti kevala pradhAna savitAhU sauM  /  cuke na sukatIsoM lukaM na pudgala mAhi dhukaM mokha thalako rukaM na phira kAhU sau  //  8. bahI, saMvaradvAra, 3 pR. 183. vahI, saMvaradvAra, 6, pR. 125. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 9, pR. 135 vahI, pR. 210. banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, pR. 72-90. vahI, navadurgA vidhAna, pR. 7, pR. 169-7C. brahmavilAsa, zata praSTottarI, 34. vahI, paramArthaM pada paMkti, 14, pR, 114.

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________________ " dekhI merI sakhIye bhAja cetana ghara bhAvaM  /  kAla anAdi phirayo paravaza hI aba nija sudhahi citAvaM ||" bhedavijJAna rUpI taruvara jaise hI samyaktvarUpI dharatI para UMgatA hai vaise hI usameM samyagdarzana kI majabUta zAkhAyeM prA jAtI haiM, cAritra kA kA dala lahalahA jAtA hai, guraNa kI maMjarI laga jAtI hai, yaza svabhAvataH cAroM dizAoM meM phaila jAtA hai  /  dayA, vatsalatA, sujanatA, AtmanindA, samatA, bhakti, virAga, dharmarAga, manaprabhAvanA, tyAga, dhairya, harSa, pravINatA prAdi aneka guNa guNamaMjarI meM guthe rahate haiM  /  " afa bhUvaradAsa ko bhedavijJAna ho jAne para prAzcarya hotA hai ki hara zrAtmA meM jaba anantajJAnAdika zaktiyAM haiM to saMsArI jIva ko yaha bAta samajha meM kyoM nahIM zrAtI  /  isalie ve kahate haiM 161 pAnI vina mIna pyAsI, mohe raha-raha bhAvaM hAMsI re || dyAnatarAya AtmA ko sambodhate hue svayaM zrAtmaramaNa kI ora jhuka jAte haiM aura unheM pratmavizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki 'aba hama bhramara bhaye na mareMge  / ' bhedavijJAna ke dvArA unakA svapara viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura ve prAtmAnubhUtipUrvaka cintana karate haiM  /  yaba unhe carmacakSutroM kI bhI prAvazyakatA nhiiN| aba to mAtra mAtmA kI anantazakti kI ora unakA dhyAna hai  /  sabhI vaibhAvika bhAva naSTa ho cuke haiM aura AtmAnubhava karake saMsAra- duHkha se chUTe jA rahe haiM hama lAge zrAtamarAma sauM  /  vinAzIka pudgala kI chAyA, kauna ramai dhana-dhAna sauM  //  samatA sukha ghaTa meM paragAra-yo, kauna kAja hai kAma sauM  /  duvidhAbhAva jalAMjali dIno mela bhayo nija svAma sauM  /  bhedajJAna kari nija para dekhyau, kauna vilaukaM cAma sauM  /  uraM paraM kI bAta na bhAve, lau lAgI guraNa -grAma sauM  //  vikalapa bhAva raMka saba bhAjaM, bhari cetana prabhirAma sauM  /  'dyAna ' mAtama anubhava kari ke, chUTe bhava-dukha ghAma sauM  /  afa chatrapati ne bhI bhedavijJAna ke mAhAtmya kA sundara varNana kiyA hai  / " 1. vahI, zatapraSTotarI, 64. 2. vahI, guraNamaMjarI, 2-6, pR. 126. 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. adhyAtma padAvalI, 47, pR. 358. 4. 5. manamodanapatra, 76, pR. 36.

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________________ 162 svara - viveka rUpa yaha bhedavijJAna sAdhaka ke sana meM saMsAra bhaura padArtha ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kara detA hai aura usase sambaddha rAgAdika vikAroM ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai  /  usake mana meM rahasya bhAvanA kI prApti ghora usakI sAdhanA ke prati prAtmavizvAsa bar3ha jAtA hai aura phalataH vaha ratnatraya kI prApti kI aura agrasara hotA hai  /  9. ratnatraya ratnatraya kA tAtparya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA samanvita rUpa hai| ina tInoM kI prApti hI mukti kA mArga hai| yaha mArga bhedavijJAna ke dvArA prApta hotA hai  /  bhedavijJAna ko hI samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai| samyagjJAnI vahI hai jise zrAtmA kA yathArtha jJAna ho, paramArtha se sahI prema ho, satyavAdI aura nivirodhI ho, para padArthoM meM prAsakti na ho, apane hI hRdaya meM Atma hita kI siddhi, prAtmazakti kI Rddhi aura prAtmaguNoM kI vRddhi pragaTa dikhatI ho tathA prAtmIya sukha se prAnaMdita ho  /  2 isI se AtmasvarUpa kI pahicAna hotI hai prora sAdhaka samajha letA hai 'aba gyAna kalA jAgI bharama kI dRSTi bhAgI,' apanI parAyI saba sauja pahicAnI hai  / " samyagjJAnI indiyajanita sukha-dukha se abhiruci haTAkara zuddhAtmA kA anubhava karatA hai tathA darzana jJAna- caritra ko grahaNa kara prAtmA kI bhArAdhanA karatA hai  /  4 jJAna rUpI dIpaka se usakA moha rUpI mahAndhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai  /  usa dIpaka me fear bhI 'grA nahIM rahatA, havA ke jhakoroM se bujhatA nahIM, eka kSaNa bhara meM karmapataMgoM ko jalA detA hai, battI kA bhoga nahIM, ghRta telAdi kI bhI zrAvazyakatA nahIM, mAMca nahIM, rAga kI lAlimA nahIM  /  usameM to samatA, samAdhi aura yoga prakAzita rahate haiM, niHzaMkita, nikAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, pramUDhadRSTi, upagUhana, sthitikaraNa, vAtsatya aura prabhAvanA ye mrATha zraMga jAgrata ho jAte haiM  / " kula jAti, rUpa, jJAna, ghana, bala, tapa, prabhutA, ye prATha mada dUra ho jAte haiM, kuguru, samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga : tatvArtha sUtra 1, 1. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 7, pR. 7. 1. 2. 3. vahI, kartA karma dvAra, 28 pR. 87. 4. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 8, 9, 19 saMvara dvAra 5. 5. vahI, nirjarAdvAra, 38, 60.

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________________ 163 kudeva, kudharma, kuguru sekka, kudevasevaka mora kupasevaka ye chaha banAyatana, kumujhasekA, kudevasevA mora kumarmasevA ye tIna mUkhkhAyeM samyaktvI ke dUra ho jAtI haiN| samyagjJAnI jIva, sadaiva prAtmacintana meM lagA rahatA hai| use duniyA ke anya kisI kArya se koI prayojana nahIM hotaa| mAnasthana ne eka acchA udAharaNa diyA hai  /  jaise grAmavadhueM pAMca-sAkha saheliyAM milakara pAnI bharake ghara kI bhora calIM  /  rAste meM haMsatI iThalAtI calatI haiM para unakA dhyAna nirantara bar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai  /  gAyeM bhI udara pUrti ke lie jaMgala jAtI haiM, vAsa cATatI hai, cAroM dizAmoM meM phiratI haiM, para unakA mana apane bachar3oM kI-mora lagA rahatA hai| isI prakAra samyaktvI kA bhI mana anya kAryoM kI pora jhukA rahane para bhI brahma-sAdhanA kI ora se vimukha nahIM hotaa| sAta pAMcasaheliyAM re hila-mila pANIr3e jAya  /  tAlI diye khala haMsa, vAkI surata gagarupAmAyaM  /  udara bharaNa ke kAraNoM re gauvAM bana meM jAya  /  cAroM para pahuM disi phireM, vAkI surata bacharUmA mAyaM  // 2 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne samyaktva ko sugati kA dAtA aura durgati kA vinAzaka kahA hai| chatrapati kI dRSTi meM jisa prakAra vRkSa kI jar3a aura mahala kI mIMva hotI hai vaise hI samyaktva dharma kA mAdi aura mUla rUpa hai| usake binA prazamabhAva, zrutajJAna, vrata, tapa, vyavahAra prAdi saba kucha bhale hI hotA rahe para unakA sambandha prAtmA se na ho, to ve vyartha rahatI haiM, isa prakAra samyaktva ke binA bhI sabhI kriyAyeM sArahIna hotI hai| bhUdharadAsa kA kavi samyaktva kI prApti se vaisA hI praphullita ho jAtA hai jaise koI rasika sAvana ke mAne se rasamAna ho uThatA hai| mithyAtvarUpI grISma vyatIta ho gayA, pAvasa bar3A suhAvanA lagane lgaa| mAtmAnubhava kI dAmini damakane lagI, surati kI dhanI ghaTAyeM chAne lagIM  /  vimala vika rUpa papIhA bolane 1. daulatarAma, 3. 11-15. 2. jainazodha aura samIkSA, pR. 132, nATaka samavasAra, nirjarAdvAra, 34. 3. brahmavilAsa, puNyapacIsikA, 8-10 pR. 3-4. viraccha ke jara vara mahala ke nIMva jaise, dharama kI mAdi se samyakadaraza hai| yA bina prazamabhAva zrutajJAna ta tapa, vivahAra hota hai na mAtama parata hai| jaiseM vina bIja ala sAdhana na anna heta, rahata hameza parazeya ko tarasa hai 12711 manamodana, 27, pR. 13.

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________________ 164 lage, sumati rUpa suhAgina mana ko ramane lagI, sAdhaka bhAtra maMkurita ho gaye, harSavega mA gayA, samarasa kA jala jharane lgaa| kavi apane ghara meM prA gaye, phira bAhira jAne kI bAta unake mana se calI gayIM 'aba mere samakita sAvana mAyo  / ' bIti kurIti mithyAmati grISama pAvasa sahaja suhAyo  /  praba  // 1 //  anubhava dAmini damakana lAgI, surati ghaTA ghana chAyo  /  boleM vimala viveka papIhA, sumati suhAgina pAyo  /  aba  // 2 //  gurudhuni garaja sunata sukha upaja, mora sumata vihsaayo| sAdhaka bhAva akUra uThe bahu, jita tita haraNa savAyo  /  aba  // 3 //  bhUla bhUlakahi bhUla na sUjhata, samarasa jala jharalAyo  /  bhUdhara ko nikasai aba bAhira, nija niracU ghara pAyo  /  /  aba 1401 samyagdarzana ke sAtha jJAna aura cAritra kA bhI sambandha hai  /  zuddhajJAna ke sAtha zuddha caritra kA aMza rahatA hai| isase jJAnI jIva heya, upAdeya ko sahI DhaMga se samajhAtA hai  /  usakA vairAgya paka jAtA hai, rAga, dveSa, moha se usakI nivRti ho jAtI hai, pUrvopArjita karma nijIrga ho jAte haiM aura vartamAna tathA bhaviSya meM unakA bandha nahIM hotA  /  jJAna aura vairAgya, donoM eka sAtha milakara hI mokSa ke kAraNa hote haiM  /  jaise kisI jagala meM dAvAnala lagane para laMgar3A manuSya aMdhe ke kadhe para car3he paura use rAstA batAtA jAye to ve dono paraspara ke sahayoga se dAvAnala se baca jAte haiM  /  usI prakAra jJAna aura cAritra me ekatA mukti prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai  /  jJAna AtmA kA svarUpa jAnatA hai aura cAritra aAtmA meM sthira hotA hai  /  /  rUpacanda ne darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ina tIno kA sAmudAyika rUpa hI sAdhya kI prApti meM kAraNa batAyA hai| darzana se vastu ke svarUpa ko dekhA jAtA hai, jJAna se use jAnA jAtA hai aura cAritra se usa para sthirIkaraNa hotA hai| dravyasaMgraha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| mukti kA mArga samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI samanvita avasthA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti bhedavijJAna ke dvArA hotI hai  /  antaraMga aura bahiraMga sabhI prakAra 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 147. 2. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizaddhi dvAra, 82-85. 3 dohA paramArtha, 58-62, badhIcanda maMdira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita.

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________________ 165 ke parigrahoM se dUra rahakara pariSaha sahate hue sapa karane se parama pada prApta hotA hai| sAdhaka pAtmAnubhava karane para kahane lagatA hai hama lAge pAtamarAma sro| usake mAtmA meM samatA sukha pragaTa ho jAtA hai, duvidhAbhAva naSTa ho jAtA aura bhedavijJAna ke dvArA sva-para kA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai  /  isalie pAnatarAya kahane lagate mAtama anubhava karanA re bhaaii|' bhedavijJAna jaba taka utpanna nahIM hotA taba taka janma-maraNa kA duHkha sahanA par3atA hai  /  siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana, vrata tapa, saMyama mAdi prAtmajJAna ke vinA nirarthaka haiN| isalie kavi rAgAdika pariNAmoM ko tyAmakara samatA se lau lagAne kA saMkalpa karatA hai, kSAyaka zreNI car3hakara carita moha kA nAza karanA cAhatA hai, kramazaH pAtiyA-aghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa kara mahanta aura siddha avasthA prApta karane kI bAta karatA hai  /  usakI saMkalpa pUti kI prAturatA 'mAtama jAno re bhAI' aura kabhI 'karakara prAtama hita re prAnI' kaha uThatA hai| jaba bhedavijJAna ho jAne kA use vizvAsa ho jAtA hai to 'maba hama mAtama ko pahicAnI', duharAkara 'mohi kaba aisA dina prAya hai' kaha jAtA hai  /  sasAra kI svArthatA dekhakara use yaha bhI anubhava ho jAtA hai-duniyA matalaba kI garajI, aba mohe jAna bhayA bhagavatIdAsa ne rAga dveSa ko jItanA, krodha mAnAdika mAyA-lobha kaSAmoM ko dUra karanA, mukti prApti ke lie Avazyaka batAyA hai  /  ve bhedavijJAna ko nijanidhi mAnate hai  /  usako pAne vAlA brahma jJAnI hai aura vahI zivaloka kI nizAnI kahI gayI hai  /  vizvabhUSaNa ne anekAntavAda ke jAgate hI mamatA ke bhAga jAne kI bAta kahI aura usI ko mukti prApti kA mArga khaa| vaha usa yogI meM 1. hindI pada sagraha, dhAnatarAya, pR. 109-141. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya, pR. 109-141. jabaloM rAgadveSa nahiM jItaya tabaloM, mukati na pAvai koi  /  jabaloM krodhamAna manadhArata, tabaloM sugati kaho te hoii|| jabaloM mAyA lobha base ura, tabaloM sukha supanai nahiM joi  /  epari jIta bhayo jo nirmala, ziva saMprati vilasata hai soi  /  / 451 brahmabilAsa, zata praSTotarI, 45, pR. 18. 4. nijanidhi pahicAnI taba bhayo brahmajJAnI, zivaloka kI nizAnI mApa meM gharI gharI  //  vahI, subuddhi caubIsI, 12 pR. 16. 5. pada saMgraha, di. jaina maMdira baDauta, 49, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 263.

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________________ 166 zrI fee lagAnA cAhatA hai jisane samyaktva kI DorI se zIla ke kachoTA ko bAMdha rakhA hai| jJAna rUpI gUdar3I gale meM lapeTa lI hai| yoga rUpI prAsana para baiThA hai| vaha mAdi guru kA belA hai| moha ke kAma phar3avAye haiN| unameM zukla dhyAna kI banI mudrA bahatI hai| kSayakarUpI siMgI usake pAsa hai jisameM karuNAnuyoga kA' nAda nikalatA hai  /  vaha praSTa karmoM ke upaloM kI ghumI ramAtA he aura kI agni jalAtA hai upazama ke channe se chAnakara samyaktva rUpI jAla se mala-malakara mahAtA hai  /  isa prakAra vaha yoga rUpI siMhAsana para baiThakara mokSapurI jAtA hai| usane guru kI sevA kI hai jisase use phira kaliyuga meM na dhAnA par3e  /  isa prakAra jaina sAdhaka rahasya- sAdhanA ke sAdhaka tattvoM para svAnubhUtipUrvaka calane kA upakrama karatA hai  /  vaha sadguru athavA svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA tathA anityazIlatA para gambhIra cintana kara zanaiH-zanaiH samyaktva ke sopana para car3ha jAtA hai  /  sAdhanAtmaka rahasya bhAvanA kI pravRttiyoM kA janma tathA sAMgopAMgatA para vicAra karane ke sAtha hI ina pravRttiyoM meM sahaja yoga sAdhanA tathA samarasatA ke bhAva jAgrata hote hai  /  sAdhaka inhIM bhAvanAoMoM ke AdhAra para svAtmA ke utara vikAsa para pahucane kA mArga prazasta kara letA hai  /  1. vahI, pannA 49, di. jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 263.

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________________ saptama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyA~ - - - rahasya bhAvanA ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko dUrakara sAdhaka, sAdhaka tattvo ko prApta karatA hai aura unameM ramaNa karate hue eka aisI sthiti ko prApta kara letA hai jaba usake mana meM saMsAra se vitRSNA aura vairAgya kA bhAva jAgrata ho jAtA hai  /  phalataH vaha sadguru kI preraNA se prAramA kI vizuddhAvasthA meM pahuMca jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM sAdhaka kA prAtmA paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie Atura ho uThatA hai aura usa sAkSAtkAra kI abhivyakti ke lie vaha rUpaka, mAdhyAtmika vivAha, prAdhyAtmika holI, phAgu mAdi sAhityika vidhAmoM kA avalambana khoja letA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvyoM meM ina vidhAnoM kA vizeSa upayoga humA hai| usameM sAdhanAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka donoM prakAra kI rahasya sAdhanAmoM ke digdarzana hote hai| sAdhanA kI cirantanatA, mArmikatA saMvedanazIlatA, svasavedanatA, bhedavijJAna mAdi tatvoM ne sAdhaka ko niraMjana, nirAkAra, parama vItarAga prAdi rUpoM meM page hue sAdhya ko prApta karane kA mArga prastuta kiyA hai aura cidAnanda baitanyamaya brahmAnanda rasa kA khUba pAna karAyA hai| sAtha hI paramAtmA ko alakha, pragama, nirAkAra, adhyAtamagamya, parabrahma, jJAnamaya, cidrUpa, niraMjana, anakSara, azarIrI, gurugusAI, pragUDa prAdi zabdoM kA prayoga kara use rahasyamaya banA diyA hai| dAmpatya laka prema kA bhI sarala pravAha usakI abhivyakti ke nijhara se jharatA humA dikhAI detA hai  /  ina saba tatvoM ke milana se jaina-sASakoM kA rahasya parama rahasya bana jAtA hai| prastuta parivarta meM sAdhaka kA pAtmA bahirAsmA se mukta hokara antarAtmA kI paura mur3atA hai  /  antarAtmA banane ke bAda tathA paramAtmapada prApti ke pUrva, ina donoM avasthAmoM ke bIca meM utpana hone vAle svAbhAvika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti 1. banArasI vilAsa, jinasahananAma

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________________ 168 ko hI rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA nAma diyA gayA hai  /  ina pravRttiyoM meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne prapatti (bhakti) sahaja yoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA tathA rahasya bhAvanA kA vizeSa rUpa se upayoga kiyA hai| hama bhAge inhIM tattvoM kA vivecana kreNge| 1. prapatta mAvanA : rahasya sAdhanA meM sAdhaka paramAtmapada pAne ke lie aneka prakAra ke mArga apanAtA hai| jaba yoga sAdhanA kA mArga sAdhaka ko adhika durgama pratIta hotA hai to vaha prapatti kA sahArA letA hai| rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie yaha mArga adhika sugama hai  /  isalie sarvaprathama vaha isI mArga kA avalambana lekara kramazaH rahasya bhAvanA kI carama sImA para pahuMcatA hai  /  rahasya bhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda kI bhUmikA cAra pramukha tattvoM se nirmita hotI hai-AstikatA, prema aura bhAvanA, guru kI pradhAnatA aura sahaja mArga  /  jaina sAdhako kI prAstikatA para sandeha kI aAvazyakatA nahIM  /  unhoMne tIrthakaroM ke saguNa aura nirguNa, dono rUpo ke prati apanI ananya bhakti-bhAvanA pradazita kI hai| unakI bhagavada prema bhAvanA unhe prapanna bhakta banAkara prapatti ke mArga ko prazasta karatI hai| 'prapatti' kA tAtparya hai-ananya zaraNAgata hone athavA prAtmasamarpaNa karane kI bhAvanA  /  bhagavad gItA me "ziSyastehaM zAdhi mAM tvaM prapannam" kahakara ise aura adhika spaSTa kara diyA hai| navadhA bhakti kA bhI mUla utsa prapatti hai| prataH hamane yahA 'prapatti' zabda ko vizeSa rUpa se cunA hai| bhAgavatpurANa kI navadhA bhakti ke 9 lakSaNa mAne gaye hai-zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa, pAdasevana (zaraNa) arcanA, vandanA dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva aura prAtma nivedana  /  kavivara banArasIdAsa ne isameM kucha aMtara kiyA hai| ye tattva hInAdhika rUpa se saguNa aura nirguNa, donoM prakAra kI bhakti sAdhanAmo me upalabdha hote hai  /  bhakti ke sAdhanoM me kRpA, rAgAtmaka sambandha, vairAgya jJAna aura satsaMga pramukha hai| prapatti me ina sAdhano kA upayoga hotA hai| pAMcarAtra lakSmI sahitA me prapatti kI SaDvidhAye dI gaI haiM-prAnukUlya kA saMkalpa, prAtikUlya kA visarjana, sarakSaNa, etadrUpa vizvAsa goptRtva rUpa me varaNa, prAtmanikSepa aura 1. bhagavadgItA, 27.4. 2. zravaNa kIrtana viSNoH smaraNaM pAdasevanam  /  arcanaM vandanaM dAsyaM satyamAtmanivedanam  //  3. zravana kIratana citavana sevana bandana dhyAna  /  laghutA samatA ekatA nodhA bhakti pravAna  //  nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 8, pR. 217.

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________________ 169 kArpaNya bhAva  /  /  prapatibhAva ke atirikta nArada bhaktisUtra meM sAdhya rUrA premAbhakti  /  ko gyAraha mAsaktiyAM batAyI haiM-guNamAhAtmyAsakti, rUpAsakti, dAsyAsakti, sakhyAsakti, pUjAsakti, smaraNAsakti, kAntyAsakti, vAtsalyAsakti, prAtmanivedanAsakti, tanmayAsakti, aura paramavirahAsakti  /  dAsyAsakti meM vinayabhAva kA samAveza hai| vinaya ke antargata dInatA mAnamarSatA, bhayadarzanA, masanA, mAzvAsana, manorAjya aura vicAraNA ye sAta tattva pAte haiM  /  pazcAttApa, upAlambha Adi bhAva bhI prapatti mArga meM sammilita haiM lagabhaga ye sabhI bhAva bhakti sAdhanA meM dRSTigocara hote hai| jana sAdhanA meM bhakti kA sthAna mukti ke lie sopAnavat mAnA gayA hai| bhagavad bhakti kA tAtparya hai-apane iSTadeva meM anurAga karanA  /  anurAga ke sAtha hI vinaya, sevA, upAsanA, stuti, zaraNagamana mAdi kriyAyeM vikasita ho jAtI haiN| isa sandarbha meM paryupAsanA zabda kA bhI prayoga humA hai  /  upAsagadasAmo meM paryupAsanA kA krama isa prakAra milatA hai-upagamana, abhigamana, pAdakSiNA, pradakSiNA, baMdaraNa namassaraNa evaM paryupAsanA  /  stavana, nAmasmaraNa, pUjA, sAmAyika prAdi ke mAdhyama se bhI sAdhaka apanI bhakti pradarzita karatA humA sAdhanA ko vizuddhatara banAne meM juTA rahatA hai hindI jaina kaviyoM ne ina sabhI prakAroM ko apanAkara bhakti kA mAhAtmya prasthApita kiyA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne bhakti ke mAhAtmya ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki hamAre hRdaya meM bhagavAna kI aisI bhakti hai jo kabhI to subaddhi rUpa hokara kubuddhi ko miTAtI hai, kabhI nirmala jyoti hokara hRdaya meM prakAza DAlatI hai| kabhI dayAlu hokara citta ko dayAlu banAtI hai, kabhI anubhava kI pipAsA rUpa hokara netroM ko sthira karatI hai, kabhI bhAratI rUpa hokara prabhu ke sanmukha mAtI hai, kabhI sundara vacanoM meM stotra bolatI hai  /  jaba jaisI avasthA hotI hai taba taisI kriyA karatI hai kabahUM sumati hai kumatiko nivAsa karai, kabahUM vimala joti antara jagati hai| kabahUM dayA hai cita karata dayAla rUpa, kabahUM sulAlasA hai locana lagati hai| kabahUM bhAratI ke prabhu sanamukha prAva, kabahUM subhAratI vhaM bAhari bagati hai| 1. mAnukUlyasya saMkalpaH prAtikalpasya varjanam  /  rakSiSyatIti vizvAso goptRtvavaraNaM tthaa| mAtma nikSepakArpaNye SaDvidhA zaraNAgatiH  // " 2. isake vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekhiye-DaoN. premasAgara jaina ke soSa prabandha kA prathama bhAga jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRsstthbhuumi|

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________________ 170 gharaM dasA jaisI taba kareM rIti taisI aisI, hirave hamAre bhagavaMta kI bhagati hai  / " jaina sAdhanA ke kSetra meM dasa prakAra kI bhaktiyA~ prasiddha haiM-siddha bhakti, zruta bhakti, caritra bhakti, yogi bhakti, prAcArya bhakti, paMcamahAguru bhakti, vaitya bhakti, vIra bhakti, catuvizati tIrthaMkara bhakti aura samAdhi bhakti  /  inake pratirikta nirvAraNa bhakti, naMdIzvara bhakti aura zAMti bhakti ko bhI isameM sammilita kiyA gayA hai  /  bhakti ke do rUpa haiM - nizcaya naya se kI gaI bhakti aura vyavahAra naya se kI gaI bhakti  /  nizcaya naya se kI gaI bhakti kA sambandha vItarAga samyagdRSTiyoM ke zuddha prAtma tattva kI bhAvanA se hai aura vyavahAra naya se kI gaI bhakti kA sambandha sarAga samyagdRSTiyoM ke paMca parameSThiyoM kI ArAdhanA se hai  /  vyavahAra meM upAsya ko karma, duHkha mocaka Adi banAkara bhakti kI jAtI hai para vaha antaraMga bhAvoM ke sApekSa hone para hI sArthaka mAnI gaI hai anyathA tahIM  /  navadhA bhakti prAdi ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka nizcaya bhakti kI mora prasArita hotA hai| isI ko prapatti mArga kahA jAtA hai  /  uparyukta prapatti mArga ke pramukha tatvo ke prAdhAra para hama yahA~ madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM dvArA abhivyakta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA saMkSipta prava lokana kareMge  /  banArasIdAsa ne navadhA bhakti meM sarvaprathama zravaraNa ko sthAna diyA hai| zravaNa kA tAtparya hai apane prArAdhya deva ke upadezoM kA samyak zravaraNa karanA zrIra tadanukUla samyakjJAna pUrvaka AcaraNa karanA  /  bhakta ke mana meM bhArAdhya ke prati zraddhA aura prema bhAvanA kA atireka hotA hai  /  zrataH mAtra usI ke sunakara apane jIvana ko kRtArtha mAnA hai  /  vaha apane aMgo kI sArthakatA ko tabhI svIkAra karatA hai jabaki ve prArAdhya kI ora jhuke raheM  /  manarAma ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ko isa prakAra abhivyakta kiyA hai upadeza Adi ko carana saphala manarAma vahe gani, je paramAratha ke patha dhAvahi  //  isI ko dhyAnatarAya ne 're jiya janama laho leha' kahakara caraNa, jihavA, zrotra zrAdi kI sArthakatA tabhI mAnI hai jaba ve sadguru kI vividha upAsanA meM juTe raheM  /  2 1. 2. na saphala niraSa~ ju nirajana, sIsa saphala nami Isara bhAvahi  /  zravana saphala vihi sunata siddhAMtahi muSaja saphala japiya jina nAMvahi  /  hirdo saphala jihi dharmavase dhruva, karaja suphala punyahi prabhu pAvahi  /  3. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnika, pR. 11-12. manarAma vilAsa, 90, ThoMliyoM kA vi jaina mandira, jayapura, veSTana naM. 305. khAnata pada saMgraha, 9, pU. 4, kalakattA,

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________________ 171 bhakta kavi ne apane mArAdhya ko guNa kIrtana karake apanI bhakti prakaTa kI hai  /  vaha pArAdhya meM prasIma guNoM ko dekhatA hai para unheM abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa kaha uThatA hai-- prabhu maiM kihi vidhi yuti karrA serii| pAvara kahata pAra nahiM pAvai, kahA buddhi hai merI  //  zakra janama bhari sahasa jIma dhari tuma jasa hota na pUrA  /  eka jIbha kaise guNa gAve uchU kahe kimi sUrA  /  /  camara chatra siMhAsana baranoM, ye guNa tumate nyAre  /  tuma guNa kahana vacana bala nAhIM naina ginai kimi tAre  //  bhagavat guNa kIrtana se bhakta ko bhoga pada, rAja pada, jJAna pada, cakrI aura indra pada hI nahIM milate balki zAzvata pada bhI mila jAtA hai isalie vinayaprabha upAdhyAya ne kahA hai-eha mAhappa tuha sayala jagi gjje| unheM paramArAdhya bhagavad guNa kIrtana 'punya bhaMDAra bharesue, mAnava bhava saphala kare sue kA kAraNa pratIta hotA hai  /  isa guNa kIrtana se manovAMchita phala kI prApti hotI hai-'bAMdhita phala bahu dAna dAtAra, sArada sAmiNa vIna" aura bhavabaMdhana kSINa hotA hai-'bhava baMdhana khINo samarasalINo, brahma jinadAsa pAya vaMdayo  / ' bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kI dRSTi meM ye guNa bhagavAna meM usI prakAra bhare haiM jaise zaradakAlIna sarovara meM nirmala jala bharA rahatA hai mAhe nayana kamala dala sama kila komala bolai vaannii| zarada sarovara nirmala sakala prakala guNa khAni  //  bhagavAn mahAvIra kalikAla ke samasta pApoM ko naSTa karane vAle haiN| unakA 1. vahI, 45. sImanbara svAmI stavana, 19. majita zAMti stavana, jaina lopta saMdoha, ahamadAbAda, san 1932. dhamapAlarAsa, maMgalAcaraNa, mAmera mAsva maMDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hasta likhita prati. 5. mithyA dukar3a, 1(maMtima) bhAmera zAstra maMDAra jayapura kI hastalikhita prati. 6. mAdIzvara phAgu, 145, mAmera zAstra maMgara jamapura kI hastalikhita prati. 7. manastamittanata saMdhi-haricanda, di. jaina bar3A maMdira jayapura kI hastalikhita prati, gaTakA naM. 171.

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________________ 172 svarUpa nirvikAra, nizcala, nikala aura jJAnagamya hai jisane use jAna liyA use saMsAra meM maura kucha karane kI prAvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii|| kavivara dyAnatarAya ne pArzvanAtha stotra meM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mahimA kA aneka prakAra se guNagAna kiyA hai dukhI duHkhahartA sukhI sukkhakartA  /  sadA sevakoM ko mahAnanda bhartA  //  hare yakSa rAkSasa bhUtaM pizAcaM  /  viSaM DAMkinI vighna ke bhaya pravAcaM  // 3 //  daridrIna ko dravya ke dAna dIne  /  aputrIna koM tu bhale putra kIne  //  mahAsaMkaTo se nikAra vidhaataa| sabe saMpadA sarva ko dehi dAtA  // 402 paM. rUpacandra prabhu kI ananta guNa garimA se prabhAvita hokara kaha uThate hai'prabhu terI mahimA ko pAvai  / ' kavivara budhajana bhI 'prabhu terI mahimA varaNI na jAI kahakara, isI bhAva ko abhivyakta karate haiN| isIlie bhakta kavi bhAvavibhora hokara kaha uThate hai-gaNadhara indra na kari sake tuma vinatI bhagavAna  /  vinatI prApa nihArika kIjai pApa samAna  /  sAdhaka guNa prArAdhya kIrtana kara usake cintavana me apane ko lIna kara lenA hai| usake nAma smaraNa se hI usakI sArI icchAye pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| usake lie bhagavAna kAma dhaTa-devamaNi aura devataru ke samAna lagate haiN| bhaTTAraka kumudacandra ne isI tathya ko 'nAma leta sahU pAtaka cUre' kahakara abhivyakta kiyA hai| municaritrasena neminAtha ke samAdhimaraNa kA smaraNa karane ke lie kahate haiM jisase antaHkaraNa kA samacA viSa naSTa ho jAtA hai-'nemi samAdhi sumari jiya bisu nAsai  / ' prabhu kA smaraNa karake brahmarAyamalla kA mana atyata utsAhita hotA hai-'toha sumiraNa mana hoi uchAha to huA cha aru hoya jI sii|' isase paThAraha doSa dUra ho jAte haiM aura 1. nirvikAra nizcala nikala nirmala jyoti gyAnagamya gyAyaka kahAM lo tAhi baranauM  /  niharca sarUpa mana rAma jina jAnau aisI, nAko paura kArija rahayo na kacha krnii|| manarAma vilAsa, TholiyoM ke di. jaina maMdira jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati, veSTana naM. 395. 2. vahajjinavANI saMgraha, kalakattA se prakAzita  /  3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 26. 4. vahI, pR. 206. 5. sImandhara svAmI stavana-vinayaprabha upAdhyAya, 6. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 17. 7. jaina paMcAyatI meM dillI meM surakSita hasta. li. pra. .

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________________ 113 chayAlIsa guraNa utpanna ho jAte haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ke lie prabhu kA nAmasmaraNa kalpavRkSa, kAmadhenu, cintAmaNi aura amRta-sA lagatA hai jo samasta duHkhoM ko naSTa karane vAlA aura sukha prApti kA kAraNa hai| bAnatarAya pramu ke nAmasmaraNa ke lie mana ko saceta karate haiM jo aghajAla ko naSTa karane meM kAraNa hotA hai re mana bhaja-bhaja dIna dayAla  //  jAke nAma leta ika khina meM, kaTa koTi pradha jAla || pAra brahma paramezvara svAmI, dekhata hota nihAsa  /  sumaraNa karata parama sukha pAvata, sevata bhAje kAla  // 1 //  indra phaNindra cakradhara gAvai, jAko nAma rasAla  /  jAke nAma jJAna prakAsa, nAsa mithyAjAla  // 3 //  jAke nAma samAna nahIM kachu, UraSa madhyapatAla  /  soI nAma japo nita dhAnata, chAMDi viSa vikarAla  // 4 //  prabhu kA yaha nAmasmaraNa (citavana) bhakta taba taka karatA rahatA hai jaba taka vaha tanmaya nahIM ho jaataa| 'jainAcAryoM ne smaraNa aura dhyAna ko paryAyavAcI kahA hai  /  smaraNa pahale to ruka-rukakara calatA hai, phira zanaiH zanaiH usameM ekAntatA pAtI jAtI hai, aura vaha dhyAna kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai  /  smaraNa meM jitanI adhika tallI. natA bar3hatI jAyegI vaha utanA hI tadrUpa hotA jAyegA  /  isase sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM kI prApti hotI avazya hai kintu hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne prAdhyAtmika sukha ke lie hI bala diyA hai  /  prabhu ke smaraNa para to lagabhaga sabhI kaviyoM ne jora diyA hai kintu dhyAnavAcI smaraNa jaina kaviyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai  /  isa prakAra ke dhyAna se bhakta kavi kA duvidhAbhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura use harihara brahma purandara kI sArI nidhiyAM bhI tuccha lagane lagatI haiN| vaha samatA rasa kA pAna karane lagatA hai| samakita dAna me usakI sArI dInatA calI jAtI hai aura prabhu ke guNAnubhava ke rasa ke mAge bhaura kisI bhI vastu kA dhyAna nahIM rahatA hama magana bhaye pramu dhyAna meM visara gaI duvidhA tana mana kI, acirA suta guna gAna meM  /  /  hari-hara-brahma-purandara kI riSi, pAvata nahiM kou mAna meM  /  1. pradyumna pariva, 1, bhAmera zAstra bhaMDAra jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati. 2. brahmavilAsa, kupaMtha pacIsikA, 3, pR. 180. 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 125-26. 4. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya mora kavi, pR. 16-17.

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________________ 174 cidAnanda kI mauja macI hai, samatA rasa ke pAna meN| itane dina tU nAhiM pichAnyo, janma gaMvAyo pajAma meN| aba to adhikArI hai baiThe, prabhu muna pakhaya khajAna meM  /  gaI dInatA sabhI hamArI, prabhu tujha samakita dAna meN| prabhu guna anubhava ke rasa mAge, mAvata nahiM koI dhyAna me  //  jagajIvana bhI prabhu ke dhyAna ko bahuta kalyANakArI mAnate haiN| dhAnatarAya marahanta deva kA smaraNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiN| ve syAtilAbha pUjAdi chor3akara prabhu ke nikaTatara pahuMcanA cAhate haiN| isI prakAra eka pada meM mana ko idharaupara na bhaTakAkara jina nAma ke smaraNa kI salAha dI hai kyoMki isa se saMsAra ke pAtaka kaTa jAte haiM jina nAma sumari mana bAvare, kahA ita uta bhaTake  /  viSaya pragaTa viSa bela hai inameM mata aTake  /  /  dyAnata utama bhajana hai kIjai mana raTake  /  bhava bhava ke pAtaka savai baiMhe to kaTake  /  / * bhakta kavi apane iSTadeva ke caraNoM meM baiThakara unakA upadeza sunatA hai| phalataH usake rAga dveSa dUra ho jAte haiM aura vaha sadaiva bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM rahakara unakI sevA karanA cAhatA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne bhagavAna kI stuti karate hue unheM devoM kA deva kahA hai| unake caraNoM kI sevA kara indrAdika deva bhI mukti prApta kara lete hai| kavi maThAraha doSoM se mukta prabhu kI caraNa sevA karane kI mAkAMkSA vyakta karatA hai 1. jasavilAsa-~-yazovijaya upAdhyAya, sajjhAya pada ane stabana saMgraha meM mudrita  /  2. kariye prabhu dhyAna, pApa kaTaM bhavabhava ke yA mai bahota bhalAse ho  /  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 178. prarahaMta sumari mana bAvare  /  /  khyAti lAbha pUjA taji bhAI  /  pratara prabhu lauM jAva re  //  vahI, pR. 139. vahI, pR. 138. isake patirikta 'sumirana prabhu jI kI kaTa re prAnI, pR. 164, pare mana sumari deva jinarAya, pR. 187 bhI dRSTavya haiN| sImandhara svAmI stavana, 14-15. caturvizati jinastuti, jaina gurjara kavimI, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1479, dekhiye cetana pudgala DhamAla, 29, di. jaina maMdira nAgadA 'dI meM surakSita hastalikhita prati.

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________________ 173 jagata meM sau devana ko deva  /  jAsu carana parasai indrAdika hoya mukati svameva  /  nahIM tana roga na zrama nahi cintA, doSa maThAraha meva  /  miTe sahaja jAke tA prabhu kI karata banArasi seva  /  /  kumudacandra bhI prabhu ke caraNa-sevA kI prArthanA karate haiM--pramu pAya lAgoM karU', seva thArI, tU sunalo araja zrI jinarAja hmaarii|' maiyA bhagavatIdAsa pramu ke caraNoM kI zaraNa meM jAkara prabala kAmadeva kI nirdayatA kA zikAra hone se bacanA cAhate haiN| prAnaMdadhana saMsAra ke sabhI kArya karate hue bhI prabhu ke caraNoM meM usI prakAra mana lagAnA cAhate haiM jisa prakAra gAyoM kA mana saba jagaha ghUmate hue bhI unake bachar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai-- aise jina caraNa cita pada lAuM re manA, aise parihaMta ke guNa gAUM re manA  /  udara bharaNa ke kAraNe re gauvAM bana meM jAya, cAro cahuM disi phira, bAkI surata bacharU mA mAya  //  bhagavatIdAsa pArzvajinendra kI bhakti meM agAdha niSThA vyakta karate hue saMsArI jIva ko kahate hai ki use idhara-udhara bhaTakane kI prAvazyakatA nahIM haiN| usakI rAta. dina kI cintA pArzvanAtha kI sevA se hI naSTa ho jAyegI-- kAhe ko dezadizAMtara dhAvata, kAhe rijhAvata indra narida  /  kAhe ko devi pro deva manApata, kAhe ko zIsa navAvata caMda  //  kAhe ko sUraja sIM karajorata, kAhe nihorata mUr3ha muniNd| kAhe ko soca kare dina raina tU, sevata kyoM nahiM pArva jinaMda  //  jagatarAma prabhu ke samakSa apanI bhUla ko svIkAra karate hue kahate haiM jina viSaya kaSAya rUpI nAgoM ne use usA hai usase bacane ke lie mAtra bhApakA bhakti 1. hindI pada saMgraha, bhUmikA, pR. 16-17. 2. hindI jaina bhakti kAmya aura kavi, pR. 132. 3. terI hI saraNa jima jAre na basAya yAko sumaTA sau pUje tohi-mohi aisI bhAyau hai  /  brahmavilAsa, jaina zoSa paura samIkSA, pR. 55. 4. pAnaMdaghana pada saMgraha, adhyAtmajJAna prasAraka maMDala baMbaI, saM. 1971, pada 95, pR. 413. 5. brahmAvilAsa, phuTakara kavitA, pR. 91.

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________________ 176 gaDa hI sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai  / " khuzAlacanda kAlA bhagavAn kI caraNa sevA kA prAzraya lekara saMsAra sAgara se pAra honA cAhate haiM 'suranara sesa sevA kareM jI caraNa kamala kI vora, bhamara samAna lagyo rahe jI, nisi-pAsara bhora  // 12 kavivara daulatarAma apane ArAdhya ke sivA aura kisI kI cararaNa sevA meM nahIM jAnA cAhate hai kavi budhajana ko bhI jina pAraNa meM jAne ke bAda maraNa kA koI bhaya nahIM dikhAI detA  /  vaha bhramavinAzaka, tattva prakAzaka praura bhavadadhitAraka hai 1. surapati narapati dhyAna gharata vara, kari nizcaya duHkha harana ko ||2|| yA prasAda jJAyaka nija mAnyau, jAnyau tana jar3a parana ko  /  nizcaya sisau pe kavAyateM, pAtra bhayo dukha bharana ko 1|3|| prabhu bina aura nahI yA jaga meM, mere hita ke karana ko  /  budhajana kI aradAsa yahI hai, hara saMkaTa bhava phirana ko 114113 madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne stuti zrathavA vandanAparaka saikar3oM pada zraura gIta likhe haiM  /  unameM bhakta kaviyoM ne vividha prakAra se apane ArAdhya se rrant kI hai| bhaTTAraka kumudacandra pArzva prabhu kI stuti karake hI apane janma 2. jAuM, kahAM zarana tihArI  //  cUka anAdi tanI yA hamArI, mApha karoM karugA guna dhAraM  //  Dubata hoM bhavasAgara meM ba, tuma bina ko mohi pAra nikAraM || suna sama deva sabara nahi koI, tAteM hama yaha hAtha pasAre || mausama praghama aneka UbAre, baranata haiM guru zAstra apAre  /  daulata ko bhavapAra karo praba. prAyo hai zaranAgata thAre  /  3 3. 4. hama zarana gahyo jina carana ko  /  baurana kI mAna na mere, Dara hurahyo nahi maranako ||1|| bharama vinAzana tattva prakAzana, bhavadadhi tArana tarana ko  /  prabhu bina kauna hamArI sahAI  /  ........ jaina padAvalI, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA 15vAM traivArSika vivaraNa, saMkhyA 95; hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 256. caubIsa stuti pATha, di. jaina paMcAyatI maMdira bar3auta, saMbhavanAthajI kI vinatI, guTakA naM. 47, hindI jana bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 335. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pada 18, pR. 11, isI taraha kA eka anya pada naM. 34 bhI dekhiye, hindI pada saMgraha - dyAnatarAya, pR. 140. budhajana vilAsa, pR. 28-29.

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________________ 171 saphalatA mAnate haiN| usI se unake tana-mana kI mASi-vyAdhi bhI dUra ho jAtI hai'janama saphalabhayo bhayau sukAja re  /  tana kI tapata TarI saba merI, dekhata loDae pAsa mAja re  /  /  lAvaNya samaya ne bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI vandanA karate hue unheM bhavatAraka bhaura sukhakAraka kahA hai| zrI zAntiraMga gariNa ko pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki pArzva jinendra kI vandanA karane se prajJAna hI naSTa nahIM hotA varan manavAMchita phala kI bhI prApti hotI hai pAsa jiNaMda khairAbAda maMDaNa, haraSa gharI nitu namasyaM ho  //  rora timira saba helehi harasyU, manavAMchita phalavarasyaM  //  kuzalalAbha kavi sarasvatI kI vandanA karate hae use surANI, svAminI aura vacana vilAsaNI mAnate haiM  /  vaha samasta saMsAra meM vyApta eka jyoti hai| rAmacanda tIrthaMkara vardhamAna ko praNAma karate haiM aura lokAloka prakAzaka unake stavana se mohatama ko dUra karate haiM-'praNAmo parama punIta nara, varadhamAna jinadeva  / ' kavivara banArasIdAsa ne tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI aneka prakAra se stuti kI hai jisameM bhAva aura bhASA kA sundara samanvaya huA haiM karama bharama jaga timira haranakhaga, urana lakhana raga sivamagadarasI  /  nirakhata nayana bhavikajala varasata, harakhata amita bhavika jana srsii|| madana kadana-jina parama dharama hita, sumirata bhagati bhagati saba ddrsii| sajala-jalada tana mukuTa sapata phana, kamaTha-dalana jina namata banarasI  // 1 //  kavivara daulatarAma apane prArAdhya se aba duHkha ko haraNa karane kI prArthanA karate haiM, aura unakA muNagAna karate hue kahate haiM ki he parameza, tuma mokSamArga darzaka 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 19. 2. vairAgyavinatI, jaina gurjara kavimo, prathama bhAga. pR. 71-78. 3. pArvajinastavana, khairAbAda sthita guTake meM nibaddha hastalikhita prati. 4. goDI pAzvanAtha stavanam, jana gurjara kavipro, pahalA bhAga, pR. 216. 5. sItAcarita, kA. nA. pra. pratrikA kA bArahavAM vArSika vivaraNa, aipenDiksa 2, pR. 1261, bArAbaMkI ke jaina mandira se upalabdha prati  /  6. nATaka samayasAra, maMgalAcaraNa, pR. 2. ka

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________________ 178 ho aura moha rUpI dAvAnala ke lie nIra ho  /  merI vedanA ko dUra karo aura karma-jaMjIra se mujhe mukta karo hamArI vIra haro bhava pIra  //  maiM du:kha tapita dayAmRtasara tuma, lakhi prAyo tuma tora  /  tuma parameza mokhamagadarzaka, mohadavAnalacIra  // 1 //  tuma vinaheta jagata upagArI zuddha cidAnanda dhIra  /  ganapatijJAna samudra na laMghe, tuma gunasindhu gahIra ||2|| yAda nahIM meM vipati sahI jo, ghara ghara amita zarIra  /  tuma guna ciMtata nazata tathA bhava jyau dhana calata samIra ||3|| koTavAra kI araja yahI hai, maiM duHkha saha adhIra  /  harahu vedanA phanda daula kI, katara karma jaMjIra ||4|| jagajIvana ke pada bhI bar3e hRdayahArI haiM  /  kavi apane prArAdhya se janma-maraNa kA cakkara dUra karane kA nivedana karatA hai aura 'dInabandhu' jaise virada ko nirvAha karane kI prArthanA karatA hai|" budhajana bhI prabhu kI mahimA ko acchI taraha jAnate haiN| ve unake darzana mAtra se hI apane rAga-dveSa ko bhUla jAte haiM - prabhu terI mahimA varaNI na jAI  //  indrAdika saba tuma guraNa gAvata, meM kachu pAra na pAI  //   //   //  paTU dravya me guNa vyApata jaite, eka samaya meM lakhAI  /  tAkI kathanI vidhi niSedhakara, dvAdasa aMga savAI | kSAyika samakita tuma Dhiga pAvata zraura Thaura nahi pAI jina pAI tina bhava tithi gAhI, jJAna kI rIti bar3hAI  // 3 //  mose alpa budhi tuma upAvata, zrAvaka padavI pAI  /  tuma hI taM prabhirAma lakhU nija rAga doSa visarAI  // 14 // 13 bhakta kavi zrArAdhya se apane prApako atyanta hIna samajhatA hai aura laghutA vyakta karate hue dAsya bhAva ko prakaTa karatA hai| bha. kumudacanda ke bhaktirAga ne unheM anAtha banA diyA aura phalataH svayaM ko bhagavAna ke caraNa-zaraNa meM chor3a diyA  /  1. daulata janapada saMgraha, kalakattA, pada 31, pR. 19. 2. terahapanthI mandira, jayapura, pada sagraha 946. patra 90, hindI jaina bhakta kavi aura kAvya pR. 214. 3. hindI pada saMgraha. 206.

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________________ are anAthani phU kachu dIje  //  virada saMbhArI dhArI haTha mana teM, kAhe sa jaga jasa lIje  // 11 //  tumhI nivAja kiyo hUM mAnava guNa avaguNa na gaNIje  /  vyAla vAla pratipAla saviSatara, sau nahIM prApa haNIje  // 12 //  meM to soI jo tA dIna hUto jA dina ko na Ije  /  jo tuma jAnata aura bhayo hai bAdhi bAjAra becIje ||3|| mere to jIvana dhana saba tumahi nAca tihAre jIje  /  kahata kumudacanda caraNa zaraNa mohi, je bhAve so kIje  //  4 | kavivara banArasIdAsa ne mArAdhya ke prati laghutA vyakta karate hue usake svarUpa ko bhAgama aura pravAha mAnA hai usake svarUpa kA varNana karanA usI prakAra kaThina hai jisa prakAra ulUkapota ravi kiraNa ke udyota kA varNana nahIM kara sakatA aura bAlaka apanI bAhoM se sAgara pAra nahIM kara sakatA  /  1. 2. prabhusvarUva prati bhagama prathAha  /  kyoM hamase iha hoya nivAha  /  ulUko pota  /  kahi na sake ravi kirana udota ||4|| tuma prasaMga nirmalaguNakhAni  /  meM matihIna kaho nijabAni  /  jina bAlaka nijabAMha pasAra  /  sAgara parimita kahai vicAra 116112 jagatarAma prabhu kA anugraha pAne ke lie hAtha joDakara baiThe haiM aura pravasuNoM ko anadekhA karane kI prArthanA kara rahe haiN| kavi kA yaha 'cerA' kA svarUpa dRSTavya hai 179 tuma sAhitra meM cerA, merA prabhu jI ho  //  cUka cAkarI mo verA kI, sAhiba sI jina merA  // 1 //  Tahala yathAvidhi bana nahIM prAve, karama rahe kara berA  /  mero bhavaguNa itano hI lIje, nizadina sumarana terA  // 2 //  karo dhanugraha aba mujha Upara mero aba urabherA  /  'jagatarAma' kaha jor3a vInavaM rAkhI caraNana nerA || 3 || 3 vahI, pR. 15, rUpacanda bhI laghumaMgala meM 'adbhuta hai prabhu mahimA terI, varanI na jAya pralipa mati merI' kahakara laghutA vyakta karate haiM  /  banArasIvilAsa, kalyANa mandira stotra, bhASAnuvAda, padma 4 aura 6 T. 124. 3. vahI, pR. 100.

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________________ 180 bakhata rAma sAha bhI isI taraha -- "dInAnAtha dayA mo pe kIjI" kahakara apane treat ma mara pAtika batAte haiM  /  budhajana bhI cerA' banakara bhraSTakarmoM ko naSTa karanA cAhate haiM -- sAdhaka bhakta kavi kI samatA aura ekatA kI pratIti ke sandarbha meM maiM pahale vistAra se likha cukI hU~'  /  'samatA bhAva bhaye haiM mere prAMna bhAva saba tyAgojI' jaise bhAva usake mana meM udita hote haiM aura vaha ekAkAratA kI anubhUti karane lagatA hai| vaha prada rAgAtmaka sambandha bhI sthApita kara saMsAra sAgara se pAra karane kI prArthanA karatA hai 1. 2. 3. 4. tuma mAtA tuma tAta tuma hI parama dharaNIjI  /  tuma jaga sAMcA deva tuma sama tuma prabhu dInadayAlu munda duSa lIjai mohi ubAri maiM tuma saraNa mahI jI  // 2 //  saMsAra anaMtana hI tuma dhyAna gharo jI | tuma darasana bina deva duragati mAMhi satyojI  // 3 //  4 bhakta kavi ArAdhya ke rUpa para zrAsakta hokara usake darzana kI prAkAMkSA liye rahatA hai  /  sImAnvara svAmI ke stavana meM bherutanda upAdhyAya ne prabhu ke rUpa kA bar3A sundara citrAMkana kiyA hai jisameM upamAna- upameya kA svAbhAvika saMyojana huA hai  / " bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa (vi. saM. 1572) ne tIrthakara RSabha kI bAlyAvasthA kA kA citraNa karate samaya unake mukha ko pUrNamAsI ke samAna batAyA aura hAthoM ko kalpavRkSa kI upamA dii| unake kAvya meM bAlaka kA citra pratyanta svAbhAvika DhaMga se ubharA huA hai jisame aneka upamAnoM kA prayoga hai  / " 6. zraura nahIM jI  // 1  //  dUri karo jI  /  vahI, pR. 163. budhajanavilAsa, pada 52, pR. 29. hindI pada saMgraha, navalarAma, pR. 182. karmaghaTAvali, kanaka kIrti, badhIcanda di jaina mandira, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita prati, guTakA naM. 108. 5. sImAndhara svAmI stavana, 9 jaina stotra saMdoha prathama bhAga, ahamadAbAda, 1932, q. 340-345. prAhe mukha jisa punima canda naridanamita pada pITha  /  tribhuvana bhavana maMbhAri sarIkhau koI na dITha  //  Ahe kara surataru varaM zAkha samAna sajAnu pramANa  /  teha sarIkhau lakar3I bhUpa sarUpahiM jAMriNa || dIzvara phAgu, 144, 146, zramerazAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hasta likhita prati kramasaMkhyA, 95. ,

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________________ 181 pAMDe rUpacanda kI kAvya sauSThava dekhiye jisameM bimba-pratibimba bhAva kA samucita prayoga humA hai prabhu terI parama vicitra manohara, murati rUpa bnii| maMga-maMga kI anupama sobhA, barani na sakati phanI  /  /  sakala bikAra rahita binu ambara, sundara subha krnii| nirAbharana bhAsura chabi sohata, koTi taruna trnii|| vasu rasa rahita sAMta rasa rAjata, khali ihi sAdhupanI  /  jAti virodhi jantu jihi dekhata, tajata prakRti apnii|| darisanu durita harai cira saMcitu, suranaraphani muhnii| rUpacanda kaha kahau mahimA, tribhuvana mukuTa-manI  // 1 kavivara banArasIdAsa ne nATaka samayasAra meM paMcapameSThiyoM kI jo stutiyAM kI haiM unameM tIrthakara ke zarIra kI stuti yahA ullekhanIya hai  /  jagatarAma ne bhI isI prakAra pArAdhya kI chavi dekhakara zAzvata sukha kI prApti kI prAzA kI hai| navalarAma ke netroM meM usakI chAyA sukhada pratIta hotI hai-'mhArA to nainA meM rahI chAya, ho jI ho jinanda thAMkI bhUrati  / " daulatarAma ko bhI aisA hI sukhada anubhava hotA hai aura sAtha hI unake moha mahAtama kA nAza humA hai-'nirakhata sukha pAyo jina mukha canda moha mahAtama nAza bhayo hai, ura ambuja prphulaayo| tApa nasyau baDhi udadhi ananda  /  budhajana bhI 'chavi jinarAI rAje chai' kahakara bhagavAna kI stuti karate haiN| 1. rUpacanda zataka (paramArthI dohAzataka, jaina hiteSI, bhAga 6, aka 5-6. 2. jAke deha-dyuti sau dazo dizA pavitra bhaI-nA. sa., jIvadvAra, 25. 3. adbhuta rUpa anUpama mahimA tIna loka meM chaaje| jAkI chavi dekhata indrAdika candra sUrya gaNa lAjai  //  pari anurAga vilokata jAkoM azubha karama taji bhAge  /  jo jagarAma bane sumarana to anahada bAjA bAja  /  /  di. jaina mandira, bar3auta meM surakSita pada saMgraha, hindI jana bhakti kAvya mora kavi, pR. 257. 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 184. 5. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 43 vAM pada, pR. 25. budhajana vilAsa, 57 vAM pada, pR. 30.

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________________ 182 rUpAsaktimaya bhakti ke mAdhyama se bhakta bhagavada darzana ke lie lAlAyita rahatA hai| vaha jinendra kA darzana karane meM apanA janma saphala mAmatA hai aura dhyAna dhAraNa karane se saMsiddhi prApta karatA hai  /  upAdhyAya jayasAgara ko mAdinAtha ke darzanoM se anirvacanIya mAnanda kI prApti hotI hai| padma tilaka ne bhI bhAvinAtha ko stuti kI hai jisase samasta manovAMchita abhilASAyeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiN| muni jayalAla kA mana prabhu ke darzana se harSita ho jAtA hai| vaha rAja Rddhi kI AkAMkSA nahIM karatA, basa, use to pArAdhya ke darzanoM kI hI pyAsa lagI hai| yaha darzana sabhI prakAra ke saMkaTa mora durita kA nivAraka hai-'upasamai saMkaTa vikaTa kaSTaka durita pApa nivAraNA  / ' manovAMDisa cintAmariNa hai| jise vaha acchA nahIM lagatA vaha mithyA dRSTi hai  /  jina pratimA jinendra ke samAna hai  /  usake darzana karane se sabhI pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM jina pratimA jina sama lekhIyai  /  tAko nimitta pAya ura antara rAga doSa nahi dekhIyai  /  /  samyagdRSTi hoi jIva je, jisa mana e mati rekhIyai  /  yahu darasana jAMtUna suhAvai, mithyAmata sekhIyai  /  citavata cita cetanA catura nara nayana meSa je mekhIyai  /  upazama kRpA UpajI anupama, karma karai na sekhIyaha  /  /  vItarAga kAraNa jina bhAvana, ThavaNA tiraNa hI pekhIyai  /  cetana kavara bhaye nija pariNati, pApa punna dui lekhIyai  / ' vidyAsAgara ne 'nirakhyo nayane jaba rasAyana mandira sukhakara' likhakara bhagavAna ke darzana kA mAnanda liyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne jina bimba pratimA ke mAhAtmya kA isa prakAra varNana kiyA hai 1. sImandhara svAmI stavana, vinayaprabha upAdhyAya, pR. 120-24. 2. caturvizatI jinastuti, jena gurjara kavipro, tRtIya bhAga, pR. 1479. 3. garbha vicAra stotra, 27 vAM padya 4. vimalanAtha, jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 94. 5. pArvajinastavana-guNasAgara, jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 95. 6. gor3I pArzvanAtha stavana-kuzalalAbha, jaina gurjara kavimo, prathama bhAga, pR. 216 antima kalaza. 7. kuarapAla kA pada  /  kavi kI aneka racanAyeM saM. 1684-1685 meM likhe eka guTake meM nibaddha haiM jo kI zrI bhagaracanda nAhaTA ko upalabdha hamA thaa| bhUpAla stotra chappaya, dUrNI, jayapura kA jaina zAstra bhaNDAra, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, tu. 389. x.

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________________ jAke mukha darasoM bhagata ke nainanikoM, thiratA kI bAni baDhe caMcalatA vimasI  /  mudrA dekhi kevalI kI mudrA yAda mAvaM jahAM, jAke dhAge indra hI vibhUti dIsaM tinasI || jAko jasa japata prakAza jage hirade meM, soi suddhamati hoI hutI ju malina sI  /  kahata banArasI sumahimA pragaTa jAkI, so hai jinakI chavi suvidyamAna jinasI || kavivara daulatarAma ne jina darzana karake bharapUra sukha pAyA 'nirakhata sukha pAyau, jina mukhacanda' | unheM jina chavi tribhuvana mAnandakAriNI bhora jagatAriNI pratIta huI hai  /  2 buSajana ke nayana nAbhikudmara darzana karate hI saphala ho gaye'tirakhe nAbhikurajI, mere naina saphala bhaye  / ' jinendra ke darzana karate hI unakA midhyAtama bhAga gayA, anAdikAlIna saMtApa miTa gayA dhIra nijAnubhava pAkara ananta harSa pA liyA- lakhe jI praja canda jinanda prabhu ko midhyAtama mama bhAgau  //  Teka  //  zranAdikAla kI tapata miTI saba, sUto jiyarI jAgau  // 1 //  nija saMpati nija hI meM pAI, taba nija anubhava lAgau  /  budhajana haraSata zrAnanda varaSata, amRta bhara maiM pAgo ||2|| 3 1. 2. 3. 4. 183 bhakta kavi prArAdhya kA darzana kara bhaktivazAt unake samakSa apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA pazcAttApa karatA hai jisase usakA mana halkA hokara bhakti bhAva meM aura afte lIna ho jAtA hai  /  bhaTTAraka kumudacandra 'maiM to narabhava bAdhi gavAyo  /  na kiyo japatapa vrata vidhi sundara, kAma bhalo na kamAyo  / ' tathA " cetana cetata kyUM bAvare  /  viSaya viSe lapaTAya rahiyo kahA, dina dina chIjata jAta prApare' jaise padyoM meM apanA bhakti-sikta pazcAtApa vyakta karate haiM  /  " rUpacanda 'janamu prakAratha hI ju gayI  //  dharama akAratha kAma pada tIno, ekokari na layo  /  yAnataraNya to 'kabahU' na nija vara mAye || paravara phirata bahuta dina bIte nAMva aneka dharAye  //  '6 va navalarAma 'prabhu cUka nATaka samayasAra, caturdaza guNasthAnAdhikAra, pR. 365. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 43, 111, 112 veM patha. budhajana vilAsa, 117, pR. 60. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 14 aura 20. 5. vahI, pR. 40. 6. vahI, pR. 109.

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________________ 184 takasIra merI mApha kariye' kahakara mithyAtva kodha-mAna mAyA lobha ityAdi vikAra bhAvoM ke kAraNa kiye gaye karmoM kI bhatsanA karate haiM aura prArAdhya se bhavasAgara pAra karAne kI prArthanA karate hai 1--"prabhu bUka takasIra merI mApha kriye|" sAdhaka pazcAttApa ke sAtha bhakti ke vaza pArAdhya ko upAlambha detA hai ki 'jo tuma dInadayAla kahAvata  /  hamase manAthani hIna dIna kU kAhe na nAtha nivAjata  / ' prabhu, tumheM praneka vidhAnoM se ghire sevaka ke prati mauna dhAraNa nahIM karanA cAhie  /  tuma vidhanahAraka, kRpA sindhu jaise virudoM ko dhAraNa karate ho taba unakA pUrA nirvAha karanA caahie| dyAnatarAya upAlambha dete hue kucha mukhara ho uThate haiN| aura kaha dete haiM ki pApa svayaM to mukti meM jAkara baiTha gaye para maiM abhI bhI saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA huuN| tumhArA nAma hamezA maiM japatA hU~ para mujhe usase kucha milatA nahIM  /  aura kucha nahIM, to kama se kama rAga-dveSa ko to dUra kara hI dIjie-- tuma prabhu kahiyata dInadayAla  /  prApana jAya mukati meM baiThe, hama ju rulata jaga jAla  // 11 tumaro nAma japaM hama nIke, manavaca tInoM kAla  /  /  tuma to hamako kachu deta nahiM, hamaro kauna havAla  // 2 //  bure bhale hama bhagata tihAre jAnata ho hama cAla  /  aura kachu nahiM yaha cAhata haiM, rAga-doSa ko TAla  // 31 //  hama sau cUka parI so vakaso, tuma to kRpA vizAla  /  dhAnata eka bAra prabhu jagatai, hamako lehu nikAla 14113 eka anyatra sthAna para kavi kA upAlambha dekhiye vaha uddhAra kiye gaye vyaktiyoM kA nAma ginAtA hai aura phira apane iSTa ko ulAhanA detA hai ki mere lie mApa itanA vilamba kyoM kara rahe hai| merI bera kahA DhIla karI jii| sUlI so siMhAsana kInA, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jI  /  /  1. vahI, pR. 181-92. 2. pramu mere tumakU aisI na cAhie sadhana vidhana gherata sevaka ku, mauna dharI kiUM rahiye  // 1 //  vidhana harana sukhakarana sabanikucita cintAmani kahiye  /  prasaraNa zaraNa prabaMdhubaMdhu kRpAsindhu ko virada nibahiye  /  hindI pada sagraha, bha. kumudacandra, pR. 14, lUNakaraNajI pANDayA mandira, jayapura ke guTaka naM. 114 me surakSita pada  /  3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 114-15.

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________________ sItA satI pragati meM baiThI pAvaka nIra karI sagarI jI  /  vAriSeNa pe khaDaka calAyo, phUlamAla kInI sutharI jI  //  dhanyA vANI paralo nikAlyau tA ghara riddha aneka bharI jI  /  sirIpAla sAgara taiM tArayo, rAjabhoga ke sAMpa kiya phUlana kI mAlA, somA para 'dyAnata' meM kucha jAMcata nAhIM, kara vairAgya dazA hamarI jI 11 mukati varI jI  /  /  tuma dayA gharI jI  /  185 daulatarAma bhI isa prakAra upAlambha dete hai aura prabaguraNoM kI kSamA yAcanA kara dhArAdhya se duHkha dUra karane kI prArthanA karate haiM nAtha mohi tArata kyoM nA, kyA takasIra hamArI  //  aMjana cora mahA madha karatA sapta visana kA bArI  /  vo hI mara suraloka gayo hai, bAkI kachu na vicArI  // 1 //  zUkara siMha nakula vAnara se, kauna-kauna vrata dhArI  /  tinakI karanI kachu na bicArI, ve bhI bhaye sura bhArI ||2|| praSTa karma bairI puruba ke, ina mo karI khuvArI  /  darzana jJAna ratana hara lIne, done mahAdukha bhArI  // 3 //  guNa mApha kare prabhu sabake, sabakI sudhi na visArI  /  daulatarAma khar3A kara jore, tuma dAtA meM bhikhArI 114 11 2 isa prakAra prapattabhAvanA ke sahAre sAdhaka apane ArAdhya paramAtmA ke sAnnidhya me pahuMcakara tattat guNo ko svAtmA meM utArane kA prayatna karatA hai  /  prapatti me zraddhA aura prema kI vizuddha bhAvanA kA atireka hone ke phalasvarUpa sAdhaka apane ArAdhya ke raMga meM raMgane lagatA hai  /  tadrUpa ho jAne para usakA duvidhA bhAva samApta ho jAtA hai ghora samarasabhAva kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai  /  yahI sAMsArika duHkhoM se trasta jIva zAzvata zAMti kI prApti kara letA hai aura vItarAgatA zukladhyAna ke rUpa meM sphurita ho jAtI hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina bhakto kI bhAvAbhivyakti meM isI prakAra kI zAntA bhakti kA prAdhAnya rahA hai  /  2. sahaja - sAdhanA praura samarasatA yoga sAdhanA bhAratIya sAdhanAoM kA abhila prAMga hai| isameM sAdhAraNataH mana ko ekAgra karane kI prakriyA kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| uttara kAla meM yaha 1. dharmavilAsa, 54vAM padma  /  2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 216 - 7. khuzAlacanda kAlA bhI isI prakAra ulAhanA dete hue bhakti vyakta karate haiM- 'tuma prabhu prathama praneka udhAraM DhIla kahA hama bAro jI  / '

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________________ 186 paramparA haThayoga kI prasthApanA meM mUlakAraNa rhii| isameM sUrya aura candra ke yoga se zvAsocchavAsa kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai athavA sUrya ( iDA nAr3I) aura candra (piMgalA) ko rokakara suSumNA mArga se prANavAyu kA saMcAra kiyA jAtA hai  /  uttara kAlIna vaidika aura bauddha sampradAya meM haThayoga sAdhanA kA bahuta pracAra huA  /  jaina sAdhanA meM muni yogIndu, muni' rAmasiMha aura AnaMdaghana meM isake prAraMbhika tasva avazya milate haiM  /  para usakA vaha vIbhatsa rUpa nahIM milatA jo uttarakAlIna after meet bauddha sampradAya meM milatA rahA hai| jaina sAdhanA kA haThayoga jaina dharma ke mUla bhAva se patita nahIM ho sakA  /  use jainAcAryoM ne apane raMga meM raMgakara antabhUta kara liyaa| yoga-sAdhanA sambandhI pracura sAhitya bhI jaina sAdhakoM ne likhA hai  /  usameM yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogavindu, yogaviMzati, yogazAstra zrAdi grantha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM  /  yoga kA tAtparya hai yama-niyama kA pAlana karanA  /  yama kA artha hai indriyoM kA nigraha aura niyama kA artha hai mahAvratoM kA pAlana  /  pacendriyoM ke nigraha ke sAtha hI 'antara vijaya' kA vizeSa mahatva hai  /  use hI satya brahma kA darzana mAnA jAtA hai - 'antara vijaya sUratA sAMcI satya brahma darzana niravAcI  / " isI se yogI ke mana kI parakha kI jAtI hai| aisA hI yogI dharmadhyAna zraura zukladhyAna ko pAtA hai  /  daulatarAma ne aise hI yogI ke lie kahA hai 'aisA yogI kyoM na abhayapada pAva, so phera na bhava meM bhAvaM  /  banArasIdAsa kA cintAmaNi yogI AtmA satya rUpa hai jo triloka kA zoka haraNa karane vAlA hai aura sUrya ke samAna udyotakArI hai  / " kavi dyAnatarAya ko ujjavala darpaNa ke samAna nirajana grAtmA kA udyota dikhAI detA hai  /  vahI nirvikalpa zuddhAtmA cidAnanda rUpa paramAtmA hai jo sahaja sAdhanA ke dvArA prApta hunA hai isIlie kavi kaha uThatA hai- 'dekho bhAI prAtamarAmavirAje  /  sAdhaka avasthA ke prApta karane ke bAda sAdhaka ke mana meM dRr3hatA prA jAtI hai aura vaha kaha uThatA hai 1. pAr3a dohA, 168. 2. yogasAra, pR. 384. 3. pAhur3a vohA, pR. 6. 4. 5. banArasI vilAsa, praznottara mAlA, 12, pR. 183. mana rAmavilAsa, 72-73 TholiyoM kA di jaina maMdira, jayapura, baiSTana naM. 395. 6. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 65, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA. banArasIvilAsa, adhyAtmapada paMkti, 21, pR. 236. 7. 8. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 114.

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________________ 18 'praba hama bhamara bhaye na mreNge|" zuddhAmAvasthA kI prApti meM samarasatA bhora tajjanya anubhUti kA mAnaMda jainetara kaviyoM kI taraha na kaviyoM ne bhI liyA hai| usakI prApti meM sarvaprathama dvividhA kA anta honA cAhie jise banArasIdAsa aura maMyA bhagavatIdAsa ne dUra karane kI bAta kahI hai  /  prAnandatilaka kI AtmA samarasa meM raMga gaI.-- samarasa bhAve raMgiyA appA dekhaI soI, appau jANai paragaI pANaMda karaI riNarAva hoii| yazovijaya ne bhI unakA sAtha diyA  /  banArasIdAsa ko vaha kAmadhena citrAveli aura paMcAmRta bhojana jaisA lgaa| unhoMne aisI hI pAtmA ko samarasI kahA hai jo naya-pakSoM ko chor3akara samatArasa grahaNa karake prAtma svarUpa kI ekatA ko nahIM chor3ate aura anubhava ke abhyAsa se pUrNa prAnaMda meM lIna ho jAte haiN| ye samarasI sAMsArika padArthoM kI cAha se mukta rahate haiM-'je samarasI sadaiva tinakoM kacha na caahie| aisA samarasI brahma hI parama mahArasa kA svAda cakha pAtA hai| usameM brahma, jAti, varNa, liMga, rUpa prAdi kA bheda aba nahIM rhtaa|| bhUdharadAsajI ko samyaktva kI prApti ke bAda kaisI prAtmAnubhUti huI aura kaisA samarasa rUpI jala jharane lagA, yaha ullekhanIya hai aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo  /  /  bIti kurIti mithyAmati grISama, pAvasa sahaja suhAyo  /  anubhava dAmini damakana lAgI, surati ghaTA dhana chAyo  /  bola vimala viveka papIhA, sumati suhAgina bhASo  /  /  bhUla dhUlakahi mUla na sUjhata, samarasa jala jhara laayo| bhUSara ko nikasa praba bAhira, nija nirakhU ghara pAyo  / " pANaMdA, pAmerazAstra bhaMDAra jayapura kI hastalikhita prati. hi. jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 202, jalavilAsa. nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 19. nATaka-samapasAra, kartAkarma kriyA dvAra, 27, pR. 86. aisI nayakakSa tAko pakSa taji. gyAnI jIva' samarasI bhae ekatA soM nahi Tane haiN| mahAmoha nAsi suddha-anubhau abhyAsi nija, bala paragati sukharAsi mAMhi Tale haiN| 5. sAdhya-sAdhaka dvAra, 10, pR 340. 6. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 147.

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________________ 188 pAnaMdadhana para haThayoga kI jisa sAdhanA kA kiMcit prabhAva dikhAI detA hai baha uttarakAlIna anya jaMnAcAryoM meM nahIM milatA mAtama bhanubhava-rasika kau, majaba sunyau birataMta  /  nirvedI vedana kara vedana kara ananta  //  mAhAro bAluDo sanyAsI, deha devala maThavAsI  /  ir3A-piMgalA mAraga taji jogI, suSamanA ghara bAsI  /  /  brahmaraMdhra maghi sAMsana pUrI, bAU anahada nAda bjaasii| yama nIyama prAsana jayakArI, prANAyAma abhyAsI  //  pratyAhAra dhAraNAghArI, dhyAna samAdhi samAsI  /  mula uttara guNa mudrAdhArI, paryaMkAsana vAsI  // 1 dhAnatarAya ne use gUge kA gur3a mAnA  /  isa rasAyana kA pAna karane ke uparAnta hI prAtmA nirajana aura paramAnanda banatA hai| use hari-hara-brahmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| mAtmA aura paramAtmA ke ekatva kI pratIti ko hI daulatarAma ne "zivapura kI Dagara samarasa sauM bharI, so viSaya virasa ruci ciravisarI" kahA hai| madhyakAla meM jisa sahaja-sAdhanA ke darzana hote haiM usase hindI jaina kavi bhI prabhAvita hue haiM para unhoMne usakA upayoga prAtmA ke sahaja svAbhAvika aura parama vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta karane ke artha meM kiyA hai| bAhyacAra kA virodha bhI isI sandarbha meM kiyA hai| jaina sAdhaka apane DhaMga kI sahaja sAdhanA dArA brahma pada prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahe haiN| kabhI kabhI yoga kI carcA unhoMne avazya kI para haThayoga kI nahIM  /  brahmAnubhUti aura tajjanya AnaMda ko prApti kA udghATana karane meM jainasAdhako kI uktiyAM na adhika jaTila aura rahasyamaya banI aura na hI unake kAvya meM adhika aspaSTatA A pAI  /  jaina kAvya meM sahaja zabda mukhya rUpa se tIna rUpoM meM prayukta humA hai 1. mAnaMdadhana bahottarI, pR. 358. 2. pAnata vilAsa, kalakattA. 3. pANaMdA, mAnaMdatilaka, jayapura bhAmera zAstra bhaMDAra kI hastalikhita prati 2, 4. daulata jaina pava saMgraha, 73 pR. 40. bheSadhAra rahe bhaiyA, bhesa hI meM bhagavAna  /  bheSa me na bhagavAna, bhagavAna to bhAva meN|| (banArasIvilAsa, jJAnabAvanI, 43 pR. 87)

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________________ 189 1. sahaja-samAdhi ke rUpa meM 2. sahaja-sukha ke rUpa meM aura 3. paramatatva ke rUpa meN| pItAmbara ne sahaja samAdhi ko agama aura prakathya kahA hai  /  yaha samAdhi sarala nahIM haiM  /  vaha to netra aura vANI se bhI agama hai jise sAdhaka hI jAna pAte haiM "nainana te pragama agama yAhI bainana te, ulaTa 'pulaTa bahe kAlakUTaha kaha rii| mUla bina pAe mUr3ha kaise joga sAdhi pAveM, sahaja samAdhi kI pragama gati gaharI  // 3402 ___ banArasIdAsa ne use nirvikalpa aura nirupAdhi kA pratIka mAnA  /  vahI prAtmA kevalajJAnI aura paramAtmA kahalAtA hai  /  isI ko prAtama samAdhi kahA gayA hai jisameM rAga, dveSa, moha virahita vItarAga avasthA kI kalpanA kI gaI hai paMDita viveka lahi ekatA kI Teka gahi, dudaja avasthA kI anekatA haratu hai| mati zrUti avadhi ityAdi vikalapa meMTi, niravikalapa gyAna mana meM dharatu hai  /  /  indriyajanita sukha-dukha sauM vimukha hai ke  /  parama ke rUpa hai karama nirjaratu hai  /  sahaja samAdhi sAdhi tyAgi parakI upAdhi, prAtama parAdhi paramAtama karatu hai  //  rAgadveSa moha kI dasAsoM bhinna rahe yAte. sarvathA trikAla karbha jAla koM vidhushai| nirUpAdhi prAtama samAdhi maiM virAje tAne, kahie pragaTa pUrana parama haMsa hai  //  jaina sAdhakoM ne nAma sumirana aura ajapA jApa ko apanI sahaja sAdhanA kA viSaya banAyA hai  /  sAdhAraNa rUpa se paramAtmA aura tIrthakaroM kA nAma lenA sumirana hai tathA mAlA lekara unake unake nAma kA japa karanA bhI sumirana hai|g. 1. apanaza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 244. 2. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 34, pR. 84. 3. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarA dvAra, pR. 141. 4. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhivAra, 82, pR. 285.

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________________ 190 pItAmbara datta baDapavAla ne sumirana ke jo tIna bheda mAne haiN| unheM jaina sAdhakoM ne apanI sAdhanA meM apanAyA hai  /  unhoMne bAhyasAdhana kA khaMDanakara antaH sAdhanA para vala diyA hai  /  vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se jApa karanA anucita nahIM hai para nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se use bAhya kriyA mAnA hai| tabhI to dyAnatarAya jI aiseM sumirana ko mahatva dete haiM jisameM - pratyAhAra cAranA kIjai  /  dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa bIjaM  // 12 manahRda ko dhyAna kI sarvocca pravasthA kahA jA sakatA hai jahAM sAdhaka ghantaratama meM praveza kara rAga-dveSAdika vikArI bhAvoM se zUnya ho jAtA hai| vahAM zabda pratIta ho jAte haiM aura anta meM AtmA kA hI bhAva ghoSa raha jAtA hai  /  kAna bhI apanA kArya karanA baMda kara detA hai  /  kevala bhramaragujjana-sA zabda kAnoM meM gUMjatA rahatA hai  /  so sumarana kariye re bhAI  /  pavana meM mana kitahu na jAI  //  paramesura sauM sAcoM rahije  /  loka raMjanA bhaya taji dIjai  //  yama aru niyama doUvidhi ghArau  /  zrAsana prANAyAma samAro | 1. 2. 3. anahada sabada sadA suna re  //  prApa hI jAne praura na jAneM, kAna binA suniye ghuna re  //  isIlie dyAnatarAya jI ne sohaM ko tIna loka kA sAra kahA hai  /  jina sAdhakoM ke zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sadaiva hI sohaM sohaM kI dhvani hotI rahatI hai aura jo sohaM ke artha ko samajhakara, prajapA kI sAdhanA karate haiM, ve zreSTha haiM bhamara guMja sama hota nirantara, tA pratara gati citavana re || sohaM sohaM hota nita, sAMsa usAsa makAra  /  tAko aratha vicArirya, tIna loka meM sAra  //  1. jApa-jo ki bAhya kriyA hotI hai| 2. ajapAjApa-jisake anusAra sAdhaka bAharI jIvana kA parityAga kara AbhyAMtarita jIvana meM praveza karatA hai, 3. anahada jisake dvArA sAdhaka apanI zrAtmA ke gUr3hatama bhraMza meM praveza karatA hai, jahAM para apane Apa kI pahicAna ke sahAre vaha sabhI sthitiyoM ko pAra kara prAMta meM kAraNAtIta ho jAtA hai  /  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 119. vahI, pR. 118, zrAzro sahajavasanta kheleM saba horI horA  //  anahada zabada hota ghanaghorA  /  (vahI, pR. 119-20 )

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________________ tIna loka meM sAra, ghAra siva kheta nivAsI  /  aSTa karma sauM rahita, sahita guNa praSTa vilAMsI  //  jaMso teso prApa, thApa nihacaM taji sohaM  /  ajapA jApa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM sohaM  //  AnaMdaghana kA bhI yahI mata hai ki jo sAdhaka grAzAoMoM ko mArakara apane aMtaH kAraNa meM ajapA jApa ko jagAte haiM ve cetana mUrti niraMjana kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM  / " isIlie saMta mAnaMdaghana bhI sohaM ko saMsAra kA sAra mAnate haiM cetana aisA jJAna bicaaro| sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM sohaM aNu nabI yA sAro  //  /  3 isa prajapA kI anahada dhvani utpanna hone para AnaMda ke megha kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai aura jIvAtmA saubhAgyavatI nArI ke sadRzya bhAvavibhora ho uThatI haiM 2. "upajI ghuni zrajapA kI anahada, jIta nagArevArI  /  jhar3I sadA zrAnaMdadhana barakhata, bana mora ekanatArI  //  uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki sahaja yoga sAdhanAjanya rahasyabhAvanA se sAdhaka prAdhyAtmika kSetra ko adhikAdhika vizuddha karatA hai tathA brahma (paramAtmA ) aura AtmA ke sammilana athavA ekAtmakatA kI anubhUti tathA tajjanya pranirvacanIya paramasukha kA anubhava karatA hai| inhIM sAdhanAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM ke citraraNa meM vaha jaba kabhI apanI sAdhanA ke siddhAntoM prathavA pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga karatA hai| isa zailI ko DaoN0 triguNAyata ne zabda mUlaka rahasyavAda aura adhyAtma mUlaka rahasyavAda kahA hai  / " isa taraha madhyakAlIna jaina sAdhakoM kI rahasya sAghanA adhyAtmamUlaka sAdhanAtmaka rahasyabhAvanA kI sRSTi karatI hai  /  1. dharmavilAsa, pR. 65, sohaM nija japaM, pUjA zrAgamasAra  /  3. 191 uter] mAri bhAsana ghari ghaTa meM, ajapA jApa jagAvaM  /  grAnaMdadhana cetanamayamUrati nAhi niraMjana pAve  //   //  (bhAnaMdadhana bahottarI, pR. 359. grAnaMdaghana bahottarI, pR. 395; apabhraMza aura hindI jaina rahasyavAda, T. 255. 4. vahI, pR. 365. 5. satsaMga meM baiThanA, yahI kareM vyauhAra || (pradhyAtma paMcAsikA dohA, 49. kabIra kI vicAradhArA --- DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, pR. 226-228.

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________________ 192 3 bhAvanAtmaka rahasya bhAvanA sAdhaka kI prAtmA ke Upara se jaba aSTa karmoM kA prAvaraNa haTa jAtA hai, aura saMsAra ke mAgajAla se usakI prAtmA mukta hokara vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta kara letI hai to usakI bhAva dazA bhaMga ho jAtI hai| phalataH sAdhaka viraha-vidhura ho tar3apa uThatA hai  /  yaha mAdhyAtmika viraha eka ora to sAdhaka ko satya kI khoja arthAt paramapada kI prApti kI mora prerita karatA hai aura dUsarI ora use sAdhanA meM saMlagna rakhatA hai  /  sAdhaka kI atarAtmA vizuddhatama hokara apane meM hI paramAtmA kA rUpa dekhatI hai taba vaha prema aura zraddhA kI pratirakatA ke kAraNa usase apanA ghaniSTha saMbaMdha sthApita karane lagatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kabhI sAdhaka use pati ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai aura kabhI patnI ke rUpa meM  /  kyoMki prema kI carama pariNati dAmyatyarati meM dekhI jAtI hai  /  ataH rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti sadA priyatama aura priyA ke prAdhaya meM hotI rahI hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane vAle jaina evaM jainetara santoM evaM kaviyoM ne isI dAmpatyamUlaka ratibhAva kA avalambana paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie liyA hai| prAtmA paramAtmA kA priya-premI ke rUpa meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai  /  zrI puruSottamalAla zrIvAstava kA yaha kathana isa sandarbha meM upayukta hai ki loka meM prAnaMdazakti kA sabase adhika sphuraNa dAmyatya saMyoga me hotA hai, jisameM do kI pRthaka sattA kucha samaya ke lie eka hI anubhUti meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| mAnaMda svarUpa vizvasattA ke sAkSA* skAra kA mAnaMda isI kAraNa anAyAsa laukika dAmyatya prema ke rUpakoM meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai  /  malaukika premajanya tallInatA aimI vilakSaNa hotI hai ki dvaidha bhAva hI samApta ho jAtA hai  /  madhyakAlIna kaviyo ne mAdhyAtmika prema ke sambandha meM prAdhyAtmika vivAhoM kA citraNa kiyA hai  /  prAyaH inheM vivAhalA, vivAha, vivAhalau aura vivAhalA mAdi nAmoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| vivAha bhI do prakAra ke milate haiN| rahasyasAdhako kI rahasyabhAvanA se jina vivAhoM kA sambandha hai unameM jina prabhasUri kA 'aMtaraMga vivAha' atimanorama hai| sumati aura cetana priya-premI rUpa haiN| majayarAja pATaNI ne zivaramaNI vivAha racA jisameM prAtmA vara (ziva) aura mukti vadhU (ramaNI) haiM  /  mAramA mukti vadhU ke sAtha vivAha karatA hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA zivaramaNI se pariNaya rcaayaa| pariNaya hone ke pUrva hI zivaramaNI kI utsukatA kA citraNa dekhiye-kitanA manUThA 1. kabIra sAhitya kA adhyayana, pR. 372.

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________________ 193 hai-rI sakhi, mAja mere saubhAgya kA dina hai ki jaba merA priya se vivAha hone vAlA hai para du.sa yaha hai ki vaha abhI taka nahIM paayaa| mere priya sukha kanda haiM, unakA zarIra candra ke samAna hai isalie mega prAnaMda mana sAgara meM lahareM le rahA hai| mere netra-cakora sukha kA anubhava kara rahe haiM jaga meM unakI suhAvanI jyoti phailI hai, kIti bhI chAyI hai, vaha jyoti duHkha rUpa andhakAra dUra karane vAlI hai, vANI se amRta jharatA hai  /  mujhe saubhAgya se aisA pati mila gayA  /  eka anya kRti pradhyAtmagIta meM banArasIdAsa ko mana kA pyArA paramAtmA rUpa priya mila jAtA hai| prataH unakI AtmA apane priya (paramAtmA) se milane ke lie utsuka hai  /  vaha apane priya ke viyoga meM aisI tar3apa rahI hai jaise jala ke binA machalI tar3apatI hai  /  mana me pati se milane kI tIvra utkaMThA bar3hatI hI jAtI hai taba vaha apanI samatA nAma kI sakhI se apane mana meM uThe bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI hai yadi mujhe priya ke darzana ho gaye to me usI taraha magna ho jAUMgI jisa taraha dariyA meM bUda samA jAtI hai| maiM ahaMbhAva ko tajakara priya se mila jAUMgI  /  jaise prolA galakara pAnI meM mila jAtA hai vaise hI maiM apane ko priya meM lIna kara duuNgii| mAkhirakAra usakA priya usake antarmana me hI mila gayA aura vaha usase milakara ekAkAra ho gaI  /  pahale usake mana meM jo duvidhAbhAva thA vaha bhI dUra ho gyaa| duvidhAbhAva kA nAza hone para use jJAna hotA hai ki baha aura usakA priyatama eka hI hai| kavi ne aneka sundara dRSTAntoM se isa ekatva bhAvako aura abhivyakta kiyA hai  /  vaha aura usake priya, donoM kI eka hI jAti hai  /  priya usake 1. sahi erI ! dina prAja suhAyA mujha bhAyA prAyA nahI ghare  /  sahi erI! mana udadhi anaMdA sukha-kandA candA dhare  /  canda jivAM merA ballabha sohe, naina cakorahi sukkha kare  /  jaga jyoti suhAI kIrati chAI, bahudukha timira vitAna hare  /  sahu kAla vinAnI amRtavAnI, praka mRga kA lAMchana khiye| zrI zAMti jineza narottama ko prabhu, mAja aAja milA merI sahiye  /  banArasIvilAsa, zrI zAMtijina stuti, padya 1, pR. 189. 2. merA mana kA pyArA jo mila  /  merA sahaja sanehI jo mila  // 1 //  upajyo kaMta milana ko cAva  /  samatA sakhI soM kahai isa bhAva  /  / 3 /  /  maiM virahina piya ke mAdhIna  /  yoM talaphoM jyoM jalabina mIna  /  / 3 /  /  bAhira dekhU to piya dUra  /  baTa dekhe ghaTa meM bharapUra  /  / 4 /  /  hohaM magana meM darazana pAya  /  jyoM dariyA meM bUMda samAya  // 9 //  piya ko miloM apanapo khoy| prolA galapANI jyoM hoya  // 10 //  banArasIvilAsa, pradhyAtama gIta, 1-10, pR. 159-160.

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________________ 194 ghaTa meM virAjamAna hai aura vaha priya meN| donoM kA jala aura laharoM ke samAna abhina sambandha hai  /  priyakartA hai aura vaha karatUti, priya sukha kA sAgara hai aura vaha sukha sIMva hai| yadi priya ziva maMdira hai to vaha zivanIMva, priya brahmA hai to vaha sarasvatI, priya mAdhava hai to vaha kamalA, priya zaMkara hai to vaha bhavAnI, priya jinendra haiM to vaha unakI vANI hai  /  isa prakAra jahAM priya haiM-vahAM vaha bhI priya ke sAtha meM hai  /  donoM usI prakAra se haiM- 'kyoM zazi hari meM jyoti prabhaMga  / ' jo priya jAti sama soi  /  jAtahi jAta milai saba koi  //  18  //  priya more ghaTa, maiM piyamahi  /  jalataraMga jyoM dvividhA nAhiM  // 19 //  piya mo karatA maiM karatuti  /  piya jJAnI meM jJAnavibhUti ||201 for sukhasAgara meM sukhasava  /  piya zivamandira meM zivanIMva  // 21 //  for brahmA maiM sarasvati nAma  /  piya mAdhava mo kamalA nAma  // 22 //  piya zaMkara maiM devi bhavAni  /  piya jinavara meM kevalabAni  // 23 //  jahaM piya taha maiM piya ke sNg| jyoM zazi hari meM joti prabhaMga ||29111 afaar banArasIdAsa ne sumati aura cetana ke bIca pradvaita bhAva kI sthApanA karate hue rahasyabhAvanA kI sAdhanA kI hai| cetana ko dekhate hI sumati kaha uThatI hai, cetana, tumako nihArate hI mere mana se parAyepana kI gAgara phUTa gyii| duvidhA kA acala phaTa gayA aura zarma kA bhAva dUra ho gyaa| he priya, tumhArA smaraNa Ate hI maiM rAjapatha ko chor3akara bhayAvaha jaMgala meM tumheM khojane nikala pdd'ii| vahAM hamane tumheM dekhA ki tuma zarIra kI nagarI ke ataH bhAga meM ananta zakti sampanna hote hue bhI karmoM ke lepa meM lipaTe huye ho  /  aba tumheM moha nidrA ko bhaMga kara aura rAgadveSa ko dUra kara paramArtha prApta karanA cAhie  /  phUTi  /  bAlama || || bAlama tahuM tana citavana gAgara pracarA go phaharAya sama gai chUTi tika rahUM je sajanI rajanI ghora  /  ghara karakeu na jAnaM cahudisi cora, bAlama ||21 piu sudhi pAvata vana maiM paisiu peli  /  chAu rAja DagariyA bhayau akeli, bAlama ||3|| kAya nagariyA bhItara caitana bhUpa  /  karama lepa lipaTA bala jyoti svarUpa, bAlama |15|| cetana bUjhi vicAra gharahu santoSa  /  rAga dveSa dui baMdhana chUTata moSa, bAlama 11131 1 2 1. vahI, pradhyAtama gIta, 18-29, pR. 161-162. 2. banArasIvilAsa, pradhyAtama pada paMkti, 10, pR. 228 - 29.

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________________ 195 patnI sumati pati betana ke viyoga meM jala 'vina mIna ke samAna tar3apatI hai (vahI, adhyAtma gIta pR. 159-60) aura aise magna honA cAhatI hai jaise dariyA meM dUda samA jAtI hai| apane hI athaka prayatnoM se baha pantataH priya cetana ko pAne meM saphala ho jAtI hai-piya mere ghaTa meM piya mAhi jalataraMga jyoM duviSA nAhI (vahI pR. 161) /  isalie vaha kaha uThatI hai-dekho merI sakhina ye mAja cetana ghara mAve  /  (brahmavilAsa pada 14)  /  sataguru ne kRpA kara isa vichure kaMta ko sumati. se milA diyA (hindI pada saMgraha, pada 379) /  sAdhaka kI prAtmA rUpa sumati ke pAsa paramAtmA svayaM hI pahuMca jAte haiM kyoki vaha priya ke viraha meM bahuta kSINa kAya ho gaI thii| viraha ke kAraNa usakI decainI tathA milane ke lie AturatA bar3hatI hI gaI  /  usakA prema saccA thA isalie bhaTakA huA pati svayaM vApisa pA gyaa| usake Ate hI sumati ke khaMjana jaise netroM meM khuzI chA gyaa| aura vaha apane capala nayanoM ko sthira karake priyatama ke saundarya ko nirakhatI raha gayI  /  madhura gItoM kI dhvani se prakRti bhara gayI  /  anta: kA bhaya mora pApa rUpI mala na jAne kahA~ vilIna ho gaye kyoMki usakA paramAtmA jaisA sAjana sAdhAraNa nahIM  /  vaha to kAmadeva jaisA sundara aura amRta rasa jaisA madhura hai  /  vaha anya bAhya kriyAyeM karane se prApta nahIM hotA  /  banArasIdAsa kahate haiM vaha to samasta karmoM kA kSaya karane se milatA hai  /  mhAre pragaTe deva niraMjana  /  /  praTako kahAM-kahAM sira bhaTakata kahA kahUM jana-raMjana mhAre.  // 1 //  khaMjana dRga, dRga nayanana gAU vAU citavata raMjana  /  sajana ghara antara paramAtmA sakala durita bhaya raMjana  //  mhAre.  /  /  vo hI kAmadeva hoya, kAmaghaTa vo hI maMjana  /  aura upAya na mile banAraso sakala karama paya khaMjana  /  /  mhAre.  /  /  /  bhUdharadAsa kI sumati apanI viraha-vyathA kA kAraNa kumati ko mAnatI hai paura isalie use "jahyo nAza kumati kulaTA ko, biramAyo pati pyAro" (bhUdharavilAsa, pada 29) jaise durvacana kahakara apanA duHkha vyakta karatI hai tathA pAzA karatI hai ki eka na eka dina kAla labdhi prAyegI jaba usakA cetanarAva pati duramati kA sAtha chor3akara ghara vApisa bhAyegI (vahI, pada 69) /  jaina sAdhakoM evaM kaviyoM ne rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA udghATana karane ke lie rAjula bhora tIpaMkara neminAtha ke pariNaya kathAnaka ko vizeSa rUpa se cunA 1. banArasIvilAsa, pR. 241.

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________________ 196 hai  /  rAjula bhAtmA kA pratIka hai aura neminAtha paramAtmA kA  /  rAjula rUpa dhAramA neminAtha rUpa paramAtmA se milane ke lie kitanI dhAtura hai yaha dekhate hI banatA hai  /  yahA~ kaviyoM meM kabIra aura jAyasI evaM mIrA se kahIM adhika bhAvodavega dikhAI detA hai  /  saMyoga aura viyoga donoM ke citraraNa bhI bar3e manohara aura sarasa haiM  /  bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti kI rAjula se neminAtha virakta hokara kisa prakAra girinAra cale jAte haiM, yaha zrAzcarya kA viSaya hai unheM to neminAtha para tantra-mantra mohana ko prabhAva lagatA hai--''una pe taMta maMta mohana hai, vaiso nema hamArI  / " saca to yaha hai ki "kAraNa kou piyA ko na jAne  / " piyA 'viraha se rAjula kA saMtApa bar3hatA calA jAtA hai aura eka samaya AtA hai jaba vaha apanI sakhI se kahane lagatI hai"sakhI rI nema na jAnI pIra' 'sakhI ko milAvo nema narindA', 'sakhI rI sAvani ghaTAI satAve | " bhaTTAraka kumudacandra aura adhika bhAvuka dikhAI dete haiM  /  prasahya viraha-vedanA se santapta hokara ve kaha uThate hai- sakhI rI aba to rahyo nahI jAta 12 hemavijaya kI rAjula bhI priya ke viyoga meM akelI cala paDatI hai use loka maryAdA kA baMdhana toDanA par3atA hai  /  ghanaghora ghaTAyeM chAyI huI haiM, cAroM tarapha bijalI camaka rahI hai, piure piu re kI AvAja papIhA kara rahA hai, moreM kaMgAroM para baiThakara avAjeM kara rahI haiM  /  zrAkAza se dU deM Tapaka rahI haiM, rAjula ke netroM se prAMsunoM kI jhar3I laga jAtI hai  /  " bhUdharadAsa kI rAjula ko to cAroM aura apane priya ke binA aMdherA dikhAI detA hai  /  unake binA usakA hRdaya rUpI dharavinda murajhAyA par3A hai| isa vedanA ko vaha apanI mAM se bhI vyakta kara detI hai, sakhI to ThIka hI hai- "bina piya dekheM murajhAya rahyayo hai, ura aravinda hamAge rI  //  rAjula ke viraha kI svAbhAvikatA vahAM aura adhika dikhAI detI hai jahAM vaha apanI sakhI se kaha uThatI hai - "tahA~ le cala rI jahA~ 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 3-5. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 16, jinaharSa kA nemi rAjImatI bAra samAsa savaiyA 1. jaina gurjara kaviyoM, khaMDa 2, bhAga, pR. 1180; vinodIlAla kA nemi rAjula bArahamAsA, bArahamAsA saMgraha, jaina pustaka bhavana kalakattA, tulanArtha dekhiye  /  3. neminAtha ke pada, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 157; lakSmI bAlama kA bhI viyoga varNana dekhiye jahA~ sAdhaka kI paramAtmA ke prati dAmpatyamUlaka rati dikhAI detI hai, vahI, nemirAjula bArahamAsA, 14, pR. 309. bhUdhara vilAsa, 13, pR. 8. 4.

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________________ 197 jAdopati pyAro | "nami binA na rahe merI jiyarA," mAM vilaMvana lAva paThAva tahAM dI jahA~ jagapati piya pyArau' ? jagatarAma ne "sakhI rI vina dekhe rAyo na jAya" zraura dyAnatarAya ne 'taiM dekhe nemikumAra" kahakara rAjula kI prAMtarika vedanA me samarasatA kA siMcana kara diyA  /  unakI rAjula apanI sakhi se neminAtha ke sAtha milAne kA Agraha karatI haierI sakhi nemijI ko mohi milAvo " aura kahatI hai---"sunarI sakhi, jahA~ nemi gaye tahAM mo kaha~ le pahuMcAvo rI hAM" (dyAnata pada saMgraha, 208 )  /  para use jaba yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki neminAtha to vairAgI haiM mukti gAmI haiM, to vaha kahane lagatI hai ki unase milanA tabhI sambhava hai jaba vaha bhI vairAgina ho jAya --- piya vairAgya liyo hai kisa misa dekhana jAU~  /  vyAhana zrAye pazu chuTakAye taji ratha janapura gAU~  /  /  maiM siMgArI ve avikArI jyo nama muThiya samAU~  /  dyAnata jo gini have viramAU~ kRpA kareM nija ThAU~ || (vahI, pada 191) isa sandarbha meM paMca sahelI gIta kA ullekha karanA zrAvazyaka hai jisameM bIhala ne mAlina, tambolanI, chIpanI, kalAlanI aura sunArina nAmaka pAMca saheliyoM ko pAMca jIvoM ke rUpa meM vyajita kiyA hai  /  pAcoM jIva rUpa saheliyoM ne apane-apane priya ( paramAtmA) kA viraha varNana kiyA hai| jaba unheM brahmarUpa pati kI prApti nahIM ho pAtI hai to ve usake viraha se pIr3ita ho jAtI haiN| kucha dinoM ke bAda priya (brahma) mila jAtA hai| usase unhe parama Ananda kI prApti hotI hai  /  unakA priya milana brahma milana hI hai  /  pati ke milana hone para unakI sabhI zrAzAeM pUrNa ho gayIM  /  pati ke sAtha samatva prAliMgana sAdhaka jIva jaba brahma se milatA hai to ekAkAra hue binA nahIM rahatA  /  isI ko paramamukha kI prApti kahate hai  /  brahma milana kA citraraNa dRSTavya hai : kADhayA gAtra apAra  /  colI khola tambolanI raMga kIyA bahu prIyasu nayana milAI tAra || bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kA 'lAla' unase kahIM dUra calA gayA isalie usako pukArate hue ve kahate haiM-he lAla, tuma kisake sAtha ghUma rahe ho ? tuma apane jJAna ke mahala meM kyoM nahIM Ate ? tumane apane antara meM jhAMka kara kabhI nahIM dekhA ki vahA~ dayA, kSamA, samatA aura zAMti jaisI sundara nAriyA~ tumhAre lie khar3I huI haiN| ve dhanupama rUpa sampanna haiM  /  1. 2. vahI, 45, pR. 25; pada 13. paMcasahelI gIta, luNakarajI pANDayA mandira, jayapura ke guTakA naM. 144 meM aMkita hai; himdI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 101-103.

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________________ 198 kahAM-kahAM kauna saMga lAge hI phirata lAla, prAvo kyo na bhAja tuma jJAna ke mahala meM  /  neka biloki dekhat antara sudRSTi setI, kaisI-kaisI nIki nArI ThAr3I hai Tahala meM  /  eka te eka banI, sundara svarUpa ghanI, upamA ne jAya bAma ko cahala meM  /  2 mahAtmA mAnandaghana kI AtmA bhI apane priyatama ke viyoga meM tar3apatI dikhAI detI hai  /  isI sthiti me kabhI vaha mAna karatI hai to kabhI pratIkSA, kabhI upAlambha detI hai to kabhI bhakti ke pravAha me bahatI hai, kabhI priya ke viyoga meM sudha budha kho detI hai- 'piyA bina sudhi-budhi bhUlI ho  / " viraha - bhujaMga usakI zaiyyA ko rAta bhara khUM detA rahatA hai, bhojana-pAna karane kI to bAta kI kyA ? apanI isa dazA kA varNana kisase kahA jAya ? usakA priya itanA adhika niSThura ho jAtA hai ki vaha upAlambha diye binA nahI rahatI  /  vaha kahatI hai ki maiM mana, vacana aura karma se tumhArI ho cukI, para tumhArI yaha niSThuratA aura upekSA kyoM ? tumhArI pravRtti phUla-phUla para maDarAne vAle bhramara jaisI hai to phira hamArI prIti kA nirvAha kaise ho sakatA hai ? jo bhI ho, mai to priya se usI prakAra ekAkAra ho cukI hUM jisa prakAra puSpa meM usakI sugandha mila jAtI hai| merI jAti bhale hI nimna koTi kI ho para tumheM kisI bhI prakAra ke guNa-avaguNa kA vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie  /  piyA tuma niThura bhae kyU aise  /  mai mana baca krama karI rAjarI, rAurI rIti manaseM  //  phUla-phUla maMbara kaisI bhAuMrI bharata ho niba hai prIti kyUM aiseM  /  maiM to piyate aisi milI ghAlI kusuma vAsa saMga jaiseM  //  prochI jAta kahA para aitI, nIra na haiya~ bhaiseM  /  gunaguna na vicArI zrAnandadhana kIjiye tuma ho tase || "suhAgaraNa jAgI anubhava prIti" meM pagI aura antaH karaNa meM adhyAtma dIpaka se jagI prAnandadhana kI prAtmA eka dina saubhAgyavatI ho jAtI hai  /  use usakA priya 1. brahmavilAsa, zata praSTottarI, 27 vAM padya, pR. 14. prAnandaghana bahottarI, 32-41. 2. 3. piyA bina sudhi-budhi mUMdI ho  /  viraha bhujaMga nisA samai. merI sejar3I khUdI ho  /  atanpAna kathA miTI. kisakUM kahUM suddhI ho  /  vahI, 62 4. mAnandaghana mahottarI, 32.

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________________ 199 (paramAtmA) mila jAtA hai  /  ataeva vaha saulahoM zRMgAra karatI hai  /  pahanI huI jhInI sAr3I meM pratIti kA rAga jhalaka rahA hai| bhakti kI meMhadI lagI huI hai, zubha bhAvoM kA sukhakArI aMjana lagA huA hai| sahajasvabhAva kI cUr3iyA~ aura sthiratA kA kaMkana pahana liyA hai| dhyAna kI urvazI ko hRdaya meM rakhA aura priya kI guNamAlA ko dhAraNa kiyA  /  surati ke sindUra se mAMga saMvArI, nirati kI veNI sajAI  /  phalataH usake hRdaya meM prakAza kI jyoti udita huI  /  anta:karaNa meM ajapA kI manahada dhvani guMjita hotI hai bhora avirala mAnanda kI sukhada varSA hone laga laga jAtI hai| prAja suhAgana nArI, avadhU pAja  /  mere nAtha pApa sudha, kInI nija bhNgcaarii| prema pratIti rAga ruci raMgata, gahire jhIrI sArI  /  maMhidI bhakti raMga kI rAcI, bhAva maMjana sukhkaarii| sahaja subhAva curI maiM panhI, thiratA kaMkana bhaarii| dhyAna urabasI ura meM rAkhI, piya gunamAla pradhArI  /  surata sindUra mAMga raMgarAtI, nirata baini smaarii| upajI jyoti udyota ghaTa tribhuvana pArasI kevalakArI  /  upajI dhuni prajapA kI anahada, jIta ngaarevaarii| jhar3I sadA mAnandaghana barasata, bana mora ekntaarii|| jaina sAdhakoM ne eka aura prakAra ke prAdhyAtmika prema kA varNana kiyA hai| sAdhaka jaba pranagAra dIkSA letA hai taba usakA dIkSA kumArI athavA saMyamazrI ke sAtha vivAha sampanna hotA hai| prAtmA rUpa pati kA mana zivaramaNA rUpa patnI ne pAkaSita kara liyA 'zivaramaNI mana mohiyo jI jeThe rahe jI lubhAva  /  kavi bhagavatIdAsa apanI cUnarI ko apane iSTa deva ke raMga meM raMgane ke lie prAtura dikhAI dete haiM  /  usameM prAtmA rUpI sundarI ziva rUpa prItama ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatI hai  /  vaha samyaktva rUpI vastra ko dhAraNa kara jJAna rUpI jala ke dvArA sabhI prakAra kA mala dhokara sundarI ziva se vivAha karatI hai  /  isa upalakSya meM eka sarasa jyonAra hotI hai jisameM gaNadhara parosane vAle hote hai jisake khAne se mananta catuSTaya kI prApti hotI hai| 1. vahI. pR. 20. 2. ziva-ramaNI vivAha, 16 ajayarAja pATaNI, badhIcanda mandira, jayapura guTakA naM. 158 veSTana naM 1273.

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________________ 200 tumha jinavara dehi raMgAI ho, vinavar3a saSI piyA ziva sundarI  /  aruNa anupama mAla ho mero bhava jalatAraNa cunar3I ||2|| samakita vastra visAhile jJAna salila saga sei ho  /  mala pacIsa utAri ke, diDhipana sAjI dei jI || merI ||3|| bar3a jAnI garaNadhara tahA bhale, parosaMga hAra ho  /  ziva sundarI ke bayAha kI, sarasa bhaI jyoMNAra ho  // 30 //  mukti ramariNa raMga tyau ramaiM, vasu guraNamaMDita sei ho  /  ananta catuSTaya suSa gharaNAM janma maraNa nahi hoi ho ||32|| 6. prAdhyAtmika holI jaina sAdhakoM aura kaviyoM ne prAdhyAtmika vivAha kI taraha prAdhyAtmika holiyoM kI bhI sarjanA kI hai| isako phAgu bhI kahA gayA hai| yahAM holiyoM aura phAgoM meM upayogI padArthoM (raMga, picakArI, kezara, gulAla, vivadha vAdya mAdi ) ko pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se abhivyaMjita kiyA gayA hai| isake pIche AtmA-paramAtmA ke sAkSAtkAra se sambaddha zrAnandopalindhi karane kA uddezya rahA hai  /  yaha holI athavA phAga prAgA rUpI nAyaka zivasundarI rUpI nAyikA ke sAtha khelatA hai  /  kavivara banArasIdAsa ne 'madhyAtama phAga' meM adhyAtama bina kyoM pAiye ho, parama puruSa ko rUpa | aTa mAMga ghaTa mila radyo ho mahimA agama anUpa kI bhAvanA se vasanta ko bulAkara vividha aMga-pratyaMgoM ke mAdhyama se phAga khelI aura holikA kA dahana kiyA 'viSama virasa' dUra hote hI 'sahaja vasanta' kA zrAgamana huA  /  'suruci sugaSitA' prakaTa huI  /  'mana-madhukara' prasanna huA  /  'sumati kokilA' kA gAna prArambha huA  /  pUrva vAyu bahane lagI  /  'bharama-kuhara' dUra hone lagA  /  'jaDa-vADA' ghaTane lagA  /  mAyArajanI choTI ho gaI  /  samarasa-rAzi kA udaya ho gayA  /  'moha-paMka kI sthiti kama ho gii| saMzaya- zizira samApta ho gayA  /  zubha - pallavadala' lahalahA uThe  /  'prazubha patajhara' hone lagI  /  'malina - viSayarati dUra ho gaI, 'virati-beli' phailane lagI, 'zaziviveka nirmala ho gayA, viratA-amRta hilore lene lagA zakti sucandrikA phaila gaI, 'nayana-cakora' pramudita ho uThe, surati zragnijvAlA' bhabhaka uThI samakita sUrya, udita ho gayA, 'hRdaya-kamala' vikasita humrA, 'suyaza-makaranda' pragaTa ho gayA, dRr3ha kaSAya himagirI jala gayA, 'nirjarA nadI' meM dhAraNAdhAra 'ziva-sAgara' kI prora bahane lagI 1 1. zrI cUnarI, isakI hastalikhita prati maMgorA (mathurA) nivAsI pa. kllabha rAma jI ke pAsa surakSita hai, prapabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 90

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________________ fare vAta- prabhUtA miTa gaI, yathArtha kArya jAgrata ho gayA, basantakAla meM jaMgala bhUmi suhAvanI lagane lagI  /  1 basanta Rtu ke Ane ke bAda bhalakha amUrta bhAtmA pradhyAtma kI bhora pUrI taraha se jhuka gayI  /  kavi ne phira yahAM phAga aura holikA kA rUpaka khar3A kiyA aura usake aMga-pratyaMgoM kA sAmaMjasya adhyAtma kSetra se kiyA  /  'naya vAcari paMkti' mila gaI, 'jJAna dhyAna' uphatAla bana gayA, 'picakArI pada bhI sAdhanA huI, 'saMvarabhAva gulAla' bana gayA, 'zubha bhAva bhakti tAna' me 'rAga virAma' alApane lagA, parama rasa meM lIna hokara dasa prakAra ke dAna dene lagA  / " dayA kI rasa bharI miThAI, tapa kA mevA, zIla kA zItala jala, saMyama kA nAgara pAna khAkara nirlajja hokara gupti-maMga prakaTa hone lagA, akatha kathA prArambha ho gaI, uddhata guNa rasiyA milakara mamala vimala rasaprema meM surati kI taraMge hilorane lgii| rahasyabhAvanA kI parAkASThA ho jAne para parama jyoti pragaTa huI  /  bhraSTa karma rUpa kASTha jalakara holikA kI bAga 1. 2. vizama viraNa pUro bhayo ho, prAyo sahaja vasaMta  /  pragaTI surUci sugandhitA ho, mana madhukara mayata  //  adhyAtama vina kyo pAiye ho  // 2 //  201 sumati kokilA gaha gahI ho bahI apUraba vAu  /  bharama kuhara bAdara phaTe ho' ghaTa jADo jar3a tAu || pradhyAtama || 3 || mAyArajanI laghu bhaI ho' samarasa divazazi jIta  /  moha paMka kI thiti ghaTI ho' saMzaya zizira vyatIta || adhyAtama || 4 || zubha dala pallava lahalahe ho' hohi prazubha patakAra  /  malina viSaya rati mAlatI ho' virati veli vistAra  //  mradhyAtama  // 5 //  zaziviveka nirmala bhayo ho, thiratA prabhiya jhakora  /  phailI zakti sucandrikA ho' pramudita naMma cakora  //  zradhyAtama ||6|| surati agni jvAlAgI ho' samakita bhAnu zramanda | hRdaya kamala vikasita bhayo ho' pragaTa sujaza mkrnd| madhyAtama || 7 || diDha kaSAya himagira gaye ho nadI nirjarA jora  /  dhAra dhAraNA baha calI ho zivasAgara mukha auaura || dhyAtama ||8|| vitatha vAta prabhUtA miTI ho jagyo jathAratha kAja  /  jaMgalabhUmi suhAvanI ho tupa vasanta ke rAja || adhyAtama ||9|| banArasIvilAsa, madhyAtama phAga 2-6 paM. 154 gau suvarNa dAsI bhavana gaja turaMge paradhAna  /  kulakalaca tila bhUmi ratha ye punIta dazadAna  /  vahI, basavA 1 paM. 177.

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________________ 202. bujha gaI, pacAsI prakRtiyoM kI bhasma ko bhI snAnAdi karake dho diyA aura svayaM ujjavala ho gayA  /  isake uparAnta phAga kA khela banda ho jAtA hai, phira to mohapAkSa ke naSTa hone para sahaja zrAtmazakti ke sAtha khelanA prArambha ho jAtA hai'naya paMkati cAcari mili ho jJAna dhyAna DaphatAla  /  saMvara bhAva gulAla || adhyAtama ||11|| picakArIpada sAdhanA ho rAma virAma pralApiye ho bhAvabhagati thumatAna  /  rIjha parama rasalInatA dIje daza vidhidAna || adhyAtama ||12 /  /  1. 2. dayA miThAI rasabharI ho tapa mevA paradhAna  /  zIla salila prati sIyalo ho saMjama nAgara pAna || adhyAtama ||1311 gupati aMga paragAsiye ho yaha nilajjatA rIti  /  yaha gArI niranIti  //  mradhyAtama ||14| ree kathA mukhabha liye ho uddhata guNa rasiyA mile ho surata taraMgamaha chaki rahe ho, manasA vAcA nena ||adhyAtama ||1|| bhramala vimala rasa pra ema  /  parama jyoti paragaTa bhaI ho, lagI holikA Aga | pATha kATha saba jari bujha ho, gaI tatAI bhAga  //  zradhyAtama ||16|| prakRti pacAsI lagi rahI ho, bhasma lekha hai soya  /  nhAya dhoya ujjavala bhaye ho, phira taha khela na koya  //  mradhyAtama ||17|| sahaja zakti guNa kheliye ho ceta banArasIdAsa  /  sage sakhA aise kahe ho, miTe moha dadhi phAsa || adhyAtama ||18|| 1 jagatarAma ne jina rAjA aura zuddha pariNati-rAnI ke bIca khelI jAne vAlI holI kA manorama dRzya upasthita kiyA hai  /  ve svayaM usa raMga meM raMga gaye haiM aura holI khelanA cAhate hai para unhe khelanA nahIM A rahA hai- kaise horI khelI kheli na bhAvaM  /  kyoki hiMsA jhUTha corI kuzIla, tRSNA prAdi pApoM ke kAraNa citta capala ho gyaa| brahma hI eka aisA prakSara hai jisake sAtha khelate hI mana prasanna ho jAtA hai  /  unhoMne eka anyatra sthAna para 'sudha budha gorI' ke sAtha 'surUci gulAla' lagAkara phAga bhI khelI hai| unake pAsa 'samatA jala' kI picakArI hai jisase 'karuNA - kesara' kA guraga chiTakAyA hai  /  isake bAda anubhava kI pAna-supArI aura sarasa raMga lagAyA  /  sudha budha gorI saMga leya kara, surUci galAla lagA re tere  /  samatA jala picakArI, karuNA kesara guraNa chirakAya re tere  //  banArasIvilAsa, madhyAtama phAga, 18, paM. 155-156. akSara brahma khela prati nIko khelata hI hulasAbai-hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 92.

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________________  /  2031 anubhava pAni supArI gharacAni, sarasa raMga lagAya re tere,| rAma kahai jai'iha vidhi pele, mokSa mahala meM jApa re  //  dhAnatarAya ne holI kA sarasa citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| ve-sahaja, basantakAna meM holI khelane kA mAhavAna karate haiN| do dala eka dUsare ke sAmane khar3e haiN| eka dala meM buddhi, dayA, bhamA rUpa nArI varga khar3A humA hai aura dUsare dala meM ralatrayAdi guNoM se sajA prAtmA rUpa puruSa varga hai| jJAna, dhyAna, rUpa, Dapha, tAla mAdi vAgha bajate haiM, ghanaghora anahada nAda hotA hai, dharma rUpI lAla varNa kA gulAla ur3atA hai, samatA kA raMga ghora liyA jAtA hai, praznottara kI taraha picakAriyA~ calatI hai| eka mora se prazna hotA hai-tuma kisakI nArI ho, to dUsarI ora se prazna hotA hai, tuma kisake lar3ake ho? bAda meM holI ke rUpa meM praSTa karma rUpa Idhana ko anubhava rUpa agni meM jalA dete hai aura phalataH cAroM ora zAnti ho jAtI hai isI zivAnanda ko prApta karane ke lie kavi ne prerita kiyA hai| jisa samaya sArA nagara holI ke khela meM masta hai, sumati apane pati cetana ke prabhAva meM kheda khinna hai| use isa bAta kA anyanta duHkha hai ki usakA pati apanI sauta kumati ke sAtha holI khela rahA hai  /  isalie socatI hai 'pimA vina kAsoM kheloM horI' (dhAnata pada saMgraha, pada (93) /  saMyoga vaza cetanarAya ghara vApisa mAte haiM aura sumati tallIna hokara unake sAya holI khelatI hai-bhalI bhaI yaha horI mAI mAye cetanagaya (vahI,phda 193) /  isI prakAra ve cetana se samatA rUpa prANapriyA ke sAtha 'chimA vasanta' meM holI khelane kA prAgraha karate hai| prema ke pAnI meM karuNA kI kesara gholakara jJAna 1. mahAvIrajI atizaya kSetra kA eka prAcIna guTakA, sAija 8-6, pR. 160%; hindI jana bhakti kAvya aura kavi, paM. 256. 2. bhAyo sahaja basanta kheleM, saba horI horA  /  /  uta budhi deyA chimA bahugar3hI, ita jiyaM ratana saje guna jorA  //  jJAna dhyAna Dapha tAla bajata haiM. anahada zabda hota dhnyoraa|| gharama surAga gulAla ur3ata haiM, samatA raMga duI ne ghorA ||maayo0021.. parasala uttara bhari picakArI, chorata donoM kaTi kaTi joraa| itateM kaha nAri tuma kAkI. utate kaheM kona ko chorA  /  /  mATha kATha anubhava pAvaka meM, jala bujha zAMta bhaI saba morA  /  /  cAnata ziva mAnanda canda chabi, dekhe sajjana naina cakorA 141 hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 119.

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________________ 204 dhyAna kI picakArI se holI khelate haiN| usa samaya guru ke vacana hI madaMga hai, nizcaya vyavahAra naya hI tAla haiM, saMyama hI itra hai, vimala vrata hI caulA hai, bhAva hI gulAla hai jise apanI jhorI meM bhara lete haiM, dharama hI miThAI hai, tapa hI mevA hai, samarasa se prAnandita hokara donoM holI khelate haiM  /  aise hI cetana aura samatA kI jor3I cirakAla taka banI rahe, yaha bhAvanA sumati apanI sakhiyoM se abhivyakta karatI hai cetana khalo horI  /  /  samatA bhUmi chimA basanta meM, samatA prAna priyA saMga gaurI  // 1 //  mana ko mATa prema ko pAno, tAmeM karunA kesaradhorI, jAna dhyAna picakArI bhari bhari, bhApa meM chAraM horA horI  /  / 2 /  /  guru ke vacana mRdaMga bajata haiM, naya dono, Dapha tAla TakorI. saMjama pratara vimala vrata cauvA, bhAva gulAla bhara bhara jhorI  /  /  parama miThAI tapa bahumevA, samarasa pAnanda amala kaTorI, dyAnata sumani kaheM sakhiyana so, cirajIbo yaha juga juga jorii|| isI prakAra kavivara bhUdharadAsa kA bhI AdhyAtmika holo kA varNana dekhiye___ "maho doU raMga bhare khelata horI  /  / 1 /  /  malakha pramUrati kI jorI  //  iname mAtamarAma ragIle, utate subuddhi kisorii| yA ke jJAna sakhA saMga sundara, vAke saMga samatA gaurI  / 12 /  /  suci mana salila dayA rasa kesari, udai kalasa meM dhorI  /  sudhi samajhi sarala picakArI, sakhiya pyArI bhari bhari choTI  // 3 //  sataguru sIkha tAna ghara pada kI, gAvata horA horii| pUrava baMdha prabIra ur3Avata, dAna gulAla bhara jhorI  // 4 //  bhUdhara prAja bar3e bhAgina, sumati suhAgina morii| sau hI nAri sulachinI jana maiM, jAsauM pati ne rani jorii| 512 eka anya kRti meM bhUdharadAsa abhivyakta karate haiM, ki usakA cidAnanda jo abhI taka saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA thA, ghara vApisa mA gayA hai| yahAM bhUdhara svayaM ko priyA mAnakara aura cidAnanda ko prItama mAnakara usake sAtha holI khelane kA nizcaya karate haiM- "horI khelUgI ghara pAye cidAnanda  / " kyoMki mithyAtva kI zizira samApta ho gaI, kAlalabdhi kA vasanta pAyA, bahuta samaya se jisa avasara kI 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 121. 2. vahI, pRSTha 149.

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________________ 205 pratIkSA thI, saubhAgya se vaha samaya A gayA, priya ke viraha kA anta ho gayA aba usake sAtha phAga khelanA hai| kavi ne yahAM zraddhA ko gagarI banAyA usameM ruci kA kezara gholA, mAnanda kA jala DAlA aura phira umaMga bhara priya para picakArI chor3I kavi matyanta prasanna hai ki usakI kumati rUpa sauta kA viyoga ho gayA  /  vaha cAhatA hai ki isI prakAra sumati banI rahe ____ 'horI khelUgI ghara pAe cidAnanda  /  /  girA mithyAta gaI praba, mAI kAla kI lavidha vasaMta horii|| pIya saMga khelani koM, haya saiye tarasI kAla ananta  /  /  bhAga jagyo maba mAga racAnI, pAyo viraha ko aMta  //  saradhA gAgari meM ruci rUpI kesara ghorI turanta  //  prAnanda nIra umaMga picakArI, choDUgI nIkI bhaMta  //  Aja viyoga kumati sonanikoM, mere haraSa ananta  //  bhUghara dhani ehI dina durlabha sumati rAkhI vihasaMta  // 1 navalarAma ne bhI esI hI holI khelane kA prAgraha kiyA hai| unhoMne nija paraNati rUpa suhAgani bhIra sumatirUpa kizorI ke sAtha yaha khela khelane ke lie kahA hai  /  jJAna kA jala bharakara picakArI choDI, krodha mAna kA abIra ur3AyA, rAga gulAla kI jhorI lI, saMtoSa pUrvaka zuma bhAvoM kA candana liyA, samatA kI kesara ghorI prAtmA kI carcA kI, 'maganatA' kA tyAgakara karuNA kA pAna khAyA aura pavitra mana se nirmala raMga banAkara karma mala ko naSTa kiyA  /  eka anyatra holI meM ve punaH kahate haiM-"paise khela horI ko khelire' jisameM kumati ThagorI ko tyAgakara sumati-gorI ke sAtha holI khela  / " prAge navalarAma yaha bhAva darzAte haiM ki unhoMne isI prakAra holI khelI jisase unheM ziva peThI kA mArga mila gyaa| jaise khela horI ko khelire  /  /  kumati ThagorI kI praba taji kari, tu sAtha sumati gorI ko  //  navala hasI vidhi khelata hai, te pAvata haiM maga ziva porI ko  /  /  1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 158. 2. iha vidhi kheliye horI ho catura nara  //  nija paranati saMgi laiha suhAgina, arU phuni sumati kizorI ho  // 1 //  gyAna mai jala sau bhari bhari ke, sabada picarikA chorI krodha mAna prabIra ur3Avo rAga gulAla kI jhorI hI  /  / 3 /  hinda pada saMgraha, pR. 177 3. vahI, pR. 176.

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________________ "206 duvajana bhI cetana ko sumati ke sAtha holI khelane kI salAha dete hai-cetana khela sumati raMga horI  / ' kaSAyAdi ko tyAgakara, samakita kI kezara gholakara miyA kI zila ko cUra-cUrakara nija gulAla kI jhorI dhAraNakara ziva-mIrI ko prApta karane kI bAta kahI hai| kavi ko vizuddhAtmA kI anubhUti hone para yaha bhI kaha dete haiM nijapura meM prAja macI horI  /  umagi cidAnanda jI ita pAye, ita prAI sumatI gorI  /  loka lAja kulakAni gamAI, jJAna gulAla bharI jhorI  /  samakita kesara raMga banAyo, cArita kI picukI chorI  /  gAvata majapA gAna manohara, anahada jharasauM varasyo rii| dekhana mAye budhajana bhIge, nirakhyo khyAla anokhI rii|| sarvatra holI dekhakara sumani parezAna ho kaha uThatI hai-'aura sabai mili hori racAveM hUM, karake saMga khelUgI horI' (budhajana vilAsa, pada 43)  /  isalie budhajana 'vetana khela sumati saMga horI kahakara satguru kI sahAyatA se cetana ko sumati ke pAsa vApasa pAne kI salAha dete haiM--(budhajana vilAsa, pada 43)  /  prAdhyAtmika rahasya bhAvanA se motaprota hone para kavi kA cetanarAya upake ghara vApasa pA jAtA hai pora phira vaha usake sAtha holI khelane kA nizcaya karatA hai-'aba ghara mAye cetanarAya, sajanI khelauMgI maiM horii| kumati ko dUrakara sumati ko prApta karatA hai, vija svabhAva ke jala se hauja bharakara nijaraMga kI rorI gholatA hai, zuddha picakArI lekara nija mati para chir3akatA hai aura apanI apUrva sakti ko pahacAna letA hai aba ghara bhAye betanarAya, sajanI khelauMgI maiM horI  /  /  pArasa soca kAni kula harika, dhari dhIraja brjorii| burI kumati kI bAta na bUjha, citavata hai momorI, vA gurujana kI bali-vali jAUM, dUri karI mati bhorI  /  /  nija subhAva jala hauja bharAUM, ghorU nijaraMga rorii| nija tyauM lyAya zuddha picakArI, chirakana nija mati dorii|| gAya rijhAya mApa vaza karika, jAvana dhauM nahi porii| budhajana raci mati rahUM niraMtara, zakti apUraba morii| sjnii|| 1. chAra kaSAya tyAgI yA gahi le samakita kezara ghorii| mithyA patthara gari dhAri lai, nija gulAla kI morI  //  'budhajanavilAsa', 40 2. vahI, pR. 49. chAra kaSAya tyAgI yA gahi le samakita kezara ghorii| mithyA patthara DAri pAri lai, nija gulAla kI jhorI  /  /  'budhajanavilAsa',49.

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________________ 207 aterrAmajI kA mana bhI aisI hI holI khelatA hai| unhoMne mana ke mRdaMga sajAkara, tana ko taMbUrA banAkara, sumati kI sAraMgI bajAkara, samyaktva kA nIra bharakara karuNA kI kezara dholakara jJAna kI picakArI se paMcendriya- sakhiyoM ke sAtha holI khelii| mAhArAdika caturdAna kI gulAla lagAI, tapa ke mevA ko apanI jholI meM rakhakara yaza kI abIra ur3AI aura aMta meM bhava-bhava ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane ke lie 'phAgumA ziva horI' ke milana kI kAmanA karate haiM  /  kavi ne isI prasaMga meM bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki samyagjJAnI jIva karmoM kI holI kisa prakAra khelatA hai 1. jJAnI aisI holI macAI || rAga kiyo viparIta vipana ghara, kumati kusauti suhAI  /  dhAra digambara kInha su saMvara nija parabheda lakhAI  /  ghAta viSadinakI bacAI || jJAnI aisI  // 11 //  kumati sakhA bhaji dhyAnabheda sama, tana meM tAna uDAI  /  kumbhaka tAla mRdaMgasI pUraka recakavIna bajAI  /  lagana anubhava sauM lagAI || jJAnI aisI 1121 karma batItA rasAnAma ghari veda suindri ganAI  /  de tapa agni bhasma kari tinako, dhUla pradhAti ur3AI  /  karI zivatiya kI titAI || jJAnI  // 3 //  mero mana aisI khelata horI  //  mana miradaMga sAjakari tyAgI, tana ko tamUrA banorI  /  sumati suraMga sAraMgI bajAI, tAla dou karajorI | rAga pAMcoM pada korI, mero mana  // 1 //  samakiti rUpa nIra bhara bhArI, karunA kezara ghorI  /  jJAnamaI lekara picakArI, dou karamAhi samhorI  /  indra pAMcoM sakhi borI, mere mana.  // 2 //  caturadAna ko hai gullAla so, bhari bhari suThi calorI  /  tapa mevAkI bhari nija korI, yaza kI abIra ur3orI  /  raMga jinadhAma macorI, mere mana.  // 13 //  daulata bAla kheleM isa horI, bhavabhava duHkha TalorI  /  zaranA le ika vajana ko rI, jaga meM lAja ho torI  /  mile phagumA ziva horii| mere mana.  // 4 //  daulata jaina pada saMgraha . 26.

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________________ 208 so jJAna ko phAga bhAga vaza bhAva lAkha karo caturAI  /  guru dInadayAla kRpA kari daulata tohi batAI  /  nahI citta se visarAI, jJAnI ||4|| 2 7. paMca kalyAraka vivAha, phAgu bhora holiyo ke sAtha hI jaina sAdhakoM ne apane iSTadeva ke paMca kalyANakoM kA bhI kAvyamaya prAdhyAtmika varNana kiyA hai  /  paramparAmroM ko starrer me gUMtha denA unakI vizeSatA hai| devI-devatAoM dvArA bhagavAna ke mAtApitA kI sevA suzruSA zrarcA-pUjA, unake garbha meM Ate hI prArambha kara dI jAtI hai  /  janma hone para kubera dvArA nirmita mAyAmayI airAvata para baiThakara indra-indrANI bhagavAna ke mAtA-pitA ke pAsa Ate haiM aura mAyAmayI bAlakako mAM ke pAsa liTAkara bhagavAna ko pAMDuka zilA para le jAkara eka hajAra ATha kalazo se snAna karate haiM  /  isI taraha dIkSA tapa aura nirvANa kA varNana bhI jaina kaviyoM ne pAramparika mAnyatAmroM ke sAtha kAvyamayI vANI meM kiyA hai  /  bhUdharadAsa use vacanamagocara mAnate haiM -- kahi tharka loka lakha jIbha na sake barana (bhUdharavilAma, pada 39) aura daulatarAma tRpta hokara mukti rAha kI ora baDhate hai - 'daulata nAhi lekhe cakha tRptahi sUbhata zivavaTavA' (daulata vilAsa, pada 39) kavivara banArasIdAsa ne zuddho yoga ko mUla nakSatra meM utpanna 'beTA' kA rUpa dekara bahuta hI sundara varNana kiyA hai  /  unhone kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mUla nakSatra me utpanna bAlaka parivAra ke vinAza kA kAraNa hotA hai usI prakAra zuddhopayoga ke utpanna hone para mamatA, moha, lobha, kAma, koSa zrAdi sAre vikAra bhAva dhvasta ho jAte haiM  /  'mUlana beTA jAyo re sAdhau, jAne khoja kuTumba saba khAyo re sAdho  /  janmata mAtA mamatA khAi moha loka va doI bhAI || kAma, krodha doI kAkA khAye, khAI tRSanA dAI  /  pApI pApa parosI khAyo azubha karama doI mAmA  /  mAna nagara ko rAjA khAyo, phaila parau saba gAmA  //  duramati dAdI khAI dAdI, mukha dekhata hI mUmro  /  maMgalAcAra bAjAye bAje jaba yoM bAlaka huno  /  nAma dharayo bAlaka ko bhauMdU, rUpa varana kucha nAhIM  /  nAma gharateM pAMDe khAye, kahata banArasI bhAI  /  1. vahI, pR. 20. ( banArasIvilAsa, pR 238 )

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________________ 209 isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI ke jaina sAdhakoM dvArA likhita vivAha, phAgu aura holiyAM prAdi prAdhyAtmarasa se sikta aisI dArzanika kRtiyA~ haiM jinameM eka ghora upamA, utpekSA, rUpaka, pratIka prAdi ke mAdhyama se jaMna dArzanika siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai vahIM dUsarI bhora tAtkAlIna paramparAmoM kA bhI sundara citraNa humA hai  /  donoM ke samanvita rUpa se sAhitya kI chaTA kucha anupama-sI pratIta hotI hai  /  sAdhaka kI rahasyabhAvanA kI abhivyakti kA ise eka sundara mAdhyama kahA jA sakatA hai| vizuddhAvasthA kI prApti, cidAnanda caitanyarasa kA pAna, parama sukha kA anubhava tathA rahasya kI upalaki kA bhI paripUrNa jJAna ina vidhAyoM se jhalakatA hai  /  jaina sAdhakoM kI rahasya-sAdhanA meM bhakti, yoga, sahaja bhAvanA aura premabhAvanA kA samanvaya huA hai  /  ina sabhI mArgoM kA avalambana lekara sAdhaka apane parama lakSya para pahuMcA hai praura usane parama satya ke darzana kiye haiM  /  usake aura paramAtmA ke bIca banI khAI paTa gaI hai| donoM milakara vaise hI ekAkAra aura samarasa ho gaye jaise jala aura taraMga | yaha ekAkAratA bhakta sAdhaka ke sahaja svarUpa kA pariNAma hai jisase usakA bhAvabhInA hRdaya sukha-sAgara meM laharAtA rahatA hai ghaura anirvacanIya mAnaMda kA upabhoga karatA rahatA hai|

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________________ aSTama parivarta rahasya bhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaisA hama pichale pRSThoM meM dekha cuke haiM, rahasyabhAvanA prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke kSetra meM eka aisA asImita tattva hai jisameM saMsAra se lekara saMsAra se vinimukta hone kI sthiti taka sAdhaka anucintana aura anuprekSaNa karatA rahatA hai  /  prastuta pradhyAya meM hama rahasyabhAvanA ke pramukha bAdhaka tatvoM se lekara sAdhaka tattvoM aura rahasyabhAvanAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA sakSipta tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara rahe haiM  /  isa sandarbha meM hamane madhyakAlIna hindI sAhitya ke jAyasI kabIra, sUra, tulasI, mIrA prAdi jaise rahasyavAdI netara kaviyoM ke vicAra dekhe haiM aura unake tathA jaina kaviyoM ke vicAroM meM sAmya-vaiSamya khojane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| 1. vAdhaka tattva 1. saMsAra-cintana : saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura anityazIlatA para sabhI prAdhyAtmika santo ne cintana kiyA hai  /  saMsAra kA artha hai saMsaraNa arthAt janma-maraNa  /  yaha janma-maraNa zubhAzubha karmoM ke kAraNa hotA hai-'evaM bhavasaMsArai suhAsu hohiM kammehi  /  /  upaniSad, tripiTaka, pAgama mAdi granthoM meM etat sambandhI aneka udAharaNa milate haiM  /  prAcAryoM ne zarIra aura sAMsArika viSayoM ko moha kA kAraNa mAnA hai  /  unhoMne yaha bhI anubhava kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra jIva paura zarIra kA sambandha samApta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra sabhI prAtmIya jana bhI bichur3a jAte haiM  /  mAtA-pitA, patnI, putra, bhAI mAdi sabhI loga mRta vyakti ko jalAkara rote-cillAte vApisa cale jAte haiM parantu 1. uttarAdhyayana, pR. 10, 15.

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________________ 211 usake sAtha jAtA koI nhiiN|' jagajIvana ne isalie saMsAra ko 'pana kI chAyA batAkara putra, kalatra, mitra prAdi ko 'udaya pudgala buri mAyA' kahA hai  /  kabIra ne use semara ke phUla-sA aura dAdU ne use semara ke phUla tathA bakarI kI bhAMti kahakara khaNA-khaNDa vATI jAne vAlI pAMkharI batAyA hai| jAyasI ne saMsAra ko svapnavada, mithyA aura mAyAmaya batalAyA hai| sUra ne isI tathya ko nimnAMkita rUpa meM vyakta kiyA hai : jA dina mana paMchI uDi jaihai| jina logana sauM neha karata haiM teI dekhi ghina haiN| ghara ke kahata sakAre kAThI bhUta hoI dhari khaihaiN|' nAnaka ne bhI 'prAdha ghar3I ko nahiM rAkhata ghara te deta nikAra' kahakara isI bhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai| jaina kaviyoM ne to bhanitya bhAvanA ke mAdhyama se ise maura bhI adhika tIvra svara diyA hai| paM. daulatarAma ne ina bhautika padArthoM ke svabhAva ko 'suradhanu capalA capalAI kahA hai  / 10' tulasIdAsa ne bhI saMsAra kI prasAratA ko nimna zabdoM meM citrita kiyA hai 1. saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga-2, pR. 4. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 77. 3. 'aisA yaha saMsAra hai jaisA semara phUla  /  dina dasa ke vyavahAra meM jhUThe re mana bhUla  /  / ' kabIra sAkhI saMgraha, pR. 61. __ yaha saMsAra seMvala ke phUla jyoM tApara tU jini phUla, dAdUvAnI, bhAga-2, pR. 14. saba jaga chalI kAla kasAI, karda lie kaMTha kaatte| paca tattva kI paMca paMkharI khaNDa-khaNDa kari vATa  //  dAdUvAnI, bhAga-1, pR. 229. jAyasI kA padamAvata : kAvya aura darzana DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, pR. 213-214. 7. sUrasAgara, santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga-2, pR. 46. dekhiye, isI prabandha kA dvitIya-paMcama parivarta, vRhad jinavANI saMgraha, bAraha bhAvanA bhUdharadAsa, budhajana, prAdi kaviyoM kii| 10. jovana gRha go dhana nArI, haya gayajana mAzAkArI  /  indrIya bhoga china thAI, surapanu capalA capalAI  /  chahaDhAlA, 5-3

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________________ 212 meM tohi aba jAnyo, maMsAra  /  bAMdhi na sakahi mohiM hari ke bala pragaTa kapaTa-dhAgAra  /  /  dekhata hI kamanIya, kachu nAhiMna puni kie vicAra  /  jyoM badalI taru madhya nihArata kabahU na nikasata sAra  /  tere lie janma aneka meM phirata na pAyoM pAra  /  mahA moha-mRga jala saritA maha borayo ho bArahiM bAra  /  /  isI prakAra sUra ne bhI saMsAra ko seMmala ke samAna nissAra pora jIva ko usa para mugdha hone vAle suprA ke samAna kahA hai - re mana mUrakha janama gNvaayo| kari prabhimAna viSaya rasa godhyo, syAma sarana nahi praayo| yaha saMsAra subhA semara jyoM, sundara dekhi lubhaayo| cAkhana lAgyo kaI gaI ur3i, hAtha kachu nahiM praayo|| dyAnatarAya ne use 'jhUThA supanA yaha saMsAra  /  dIsata hai vinasata nahIM ho bAra"3 kahA aura bhUdharadAsa ne use 'rena kA sapanA' tathA 'vAri-babUla' mAnA  /  jagajIvana ne dhana 'dhana kI chAyA' ke sAtha hI rAga-dveSa ko 'vagu paMkati dIragha' kahA  /  banArasI. dAsa ne to saMsAra ke svabhAva ko nadI-nAva kA saMyoga jaisA citrita kiyA hai cetana tU tihukAla akelA  /  nadI nAva saMyoga mile jyoM tyoM kuTramba kA melaa| yaha saMsAra prasAra rUpa saba jyoM paTakhelana khelaa| sukha sampatti zArIra jala buda buda vinasata nAhI belA  //  isI bhAva se milatA-julatA sUra kA pada bhI dRSTavya hai : hari vina apanI ko saMsAra  /  mAyA lobha moha haiM chAMDe kAla nadI kI dhAra  /  jyoM jana saMgati hota nAva meM rahiti na parala pAra  /  tasa dhana-dArA-sukha sampati, viThurata laga na baar| mAnuSa-janama nAma narahari ko, mile na bArambAra  //  1. vinaya patrikA, 188. vo pada, 2. sUrasAgara, 335. 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 133. 4. vahI, pR. 157. 5. vahI, pR. 70. 6. kavitA ratna, pR. 24.

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________________ 213 eka anyatra pada meM sUradAsa saMsAra aura saMsAra kI mAyA ko miyA mAnate haiM 'mithyA yaha saMsAra aura miyyA yaha mAyA mithyA hai yaha deha kahI kyoM hari bisarAyA  // ' jaina kavi banArasIdAsa janma gaMvAne ke kAraNoM ko bhI ginA dete haiM  /  unake bhAvoM meM jo gaharAI aura anubhUti jhalakatI hai vaha sUra ke ukta paya meM nahIM dikhAI detI hai vA dina ko kara soca jiye mana meM  //  banaja kiyA vyApArI tUne, TAMDA lAdA bhArI re| mochI pUjI jUmA khelA, mAkhira bAjI hArI re  // .... jhUThe nainA ulaphata bAMdhI, kisakA sonA kisakI caaNdii|| ika dina pavana calegI mAMdhI kisakI bIbI kisakI baaNdii|| nAhaka citta lagAvai dhana meM  /  2. zarIra se mamatva sAdhakoM ne zarIra kI vinazvaratA para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| bAlyAvasthA pora yuvAvasthA yoM hI nikala jAtI hai| yuvAvasthA meM vaha viSaya vAsanA kI mora daur3atA hai aura jaba vRddhAvasthA mA jAtI hai taba vaha pazcAttApa karatA hai ki kyoM vaha adhyAtma kI mora se vimukha rahA  /  kabIra ne vRddhAvasthA kA citraNa karate hue bar3e mAmika zabdoM meM kahA hai tarunApana gai bIta bur3hApA Ani tulAne  /  kAMpana lAge sIsa calata dou carana pirAne  /  naina nAsikA cUvana lAge mukhateM prAvata vAsa  /  kapha pita kaThe gheri liyo hai chUTi gaI ghara kI prAsa  //  sUra ne bhI indriyoM kI bar3hatI huI kamajorI kA isI prakAra varNana kiyA hai bAlApana khelata khoyo, jumA viSaya rasa mAte  /  vRddha bhaye sudhi pragaTI, mo ko, dukhita pukArata taateN| sutana tajyo triya bhrAta tajyo saba, tanateM tucA bhaI nyaarii| zravana na sunata carana gati thAkI, naina bahe jldhaarii| palita kesa kaNTha kaNTha bhaba rudhyo kala na paraM dina rAtI  //  1. sUrasAgara, 1110. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 55. 3. saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 21. 4. saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 64,

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________________ 214 banArasIdAsa ne jIvana ko gyAraha avasthAnoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai aura pratyeka vasthA ko avadhi dasa varSa mAnI hai  /  bhUSaradAsa ne vRddhAvasthA ko jIrNazIrNa carakhe kI upamA dekara usa ko zrIra bhI mArmika banA diyA -- carakhA calatA nAhI (re carakhA humrA purAnA (ve ) 2 dAdU ne kabIra aura sUra ke samAna zravaraNa, nayana aura kesa kI thakAna kI bAta kI para unhoMne zabda- kapana kA vizeSa varNana kiyA- 'mukha tai zabda vikala bhai vANI"  /  bhUdharadAsa ne to dAdU ke citraraNa ko bhI mAta kara diyA jahA~ ve kahate haiM eka anya citraraNa meM unhoMne zarIra kI jIrNAvasthA kA yathArtha citraNa dekara anta me yaha gati hai  /  jaba taka pachate haiM prANI' kahakara pazcAttApa kI bAta kahI hai  /  isI prakAra ke pazcAttApa kI bAta dAbU ne 'prAraNa purisa pachitAvaNa lgaa| dAdU mausara kAhai na jAgA "" kahakara kI aura kabIra ne 'kahai eka rAma bhajana cina bar3e bahuta bahuta saMyAnta"" likhakara use vyakta kiyA  /  daulatarAma ne sundaradAsa ke samAna hI zarIra kI apavitratA kA varNana kiyA hai| unhoMne use " asthinAla palanasAjAla kI lAla-lAla jala kyArI" batAyA maura sundaradAsa ne "hAtha pAMva soU saba hAr3ana kI galI hai" kahA  /  " rasanA takalI ne bala khAyA, so aba kaise khuTaM  /  zabda sUta sudhA nahi nikasaM ghar3I ghar3I pala TUTa 14 zarIra kI vinazvaratA ke sandarbha me socate-socate sAdhaka saMsAra kI kSaNamaguratA para cintana karane lagatA hai  /  jaina-janetara sAdhako ne eka svara se jIvana ko kSaNika mAnA hai  /  tulasIdAsa ne jIvana kI kSaNikatA ko bar3e kAvyAtmaka DhaMga 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 152. 3. dAdU kI vAnI, bhAga 2, pU. 94. 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 152. vahI, 158. 8. 9. banArasIvilAsa, prAstAvika phuTakara kavitta, dAdU kI bAnI, bhAga 2, pR. 94. kabIra prathAvalI, pR. 346. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, pR. 11. pada 17 vAM. saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 124. pR. 12.

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________________ 215 se "kalikAla kuThAra liye phiratAM tanu namra hai cora jhilI na jhilI" rUpa meM kahA  /  /  aura bhUdharadAsa ne use "kAlakuThAra lie sira ThAr3A kyA samajhe mana phUlA re" rUpa se sambodhita kiyaa| kabIra ne zarIra ko kAgaja kA putalA kahA jo sahaja meM hI ghula jAtA hai mana re tana kAgada kA putlaa| lAga bUda binasi jAi china meM, garaba kara kyA itanA  /  mATI khodahiM bhIMta usAra, maMdha kahai ghara merA  /  prAva talava bAdhi le cAla, bahuri na karihai pheraa| khoTa kapaTa kari yahu dhana joyo, lai dharatI meM gADyo  /  rokyo ghaTi sAMsa nahI nikasa, Thaura-Thaura saba chADyo  /  kahai kabIra naTa nATika thAke, madalA kauna bjaavai| gaye paSaniyAM ujharI bAjI, ko kAra ke prAvai  //  isI tathya ko bhagavatIdAsa ne 'ghaTe terI prAva kache trAhi ko upAvare' kahakara mabhivyakta kiyA hai  /  kabIra ne saMsAra ko 'kAgada kI pur3iyA' bhI kahA hai jo bUda par3e dhUla jAtI hai| mAtA, pitA, parivAra jana sabhI svArtha ke sAthI haiM jo zarIra ke naSTa hone para use jalAkara vApisa pA jAte haiN| 1. kSaNabhaMgura jIvana kI kaliyA~ kala prAta ko jAna khilI na khiliiN| malayAcala kI zuci zItala manda sugandha samIra milI na milii| kali kAla kuThAra lie phiratA tanu namra hai coTa jhilI na jhilii| kari le hari nAma parI rasanA phira aMta same pai hilI na hilI  //  2. bhagavaMta bhajana kyo bhUlA re  //  yaha sasAra raina kA supanA, tana dhanavAri-babUlA re  //  isa jIvana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa phUlA re  /  svAratha sAdhaM pAMca pAMva tU, paramAratha ko bhUlA re| kaha kaise sukha paihe prANI kAma karai dukhamUlA re  //  moha pizAca chalyo mati mArai nijakara kaMdha vasUlA re| bhaja zrI rAjamatIvara 'bhUdhara' do duramati sira dhUlA re  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 157. 3. kabIra graMthAvalI, padAvalI bhAga, 92 vAM pada, pR. 346. 4. brahmavilAsa, anitya pacIsikA, 41, pR. 176. jaina sAdhakoM dvArA zarIra cintana ko vistAra se isI prabandha ke dvitIya-paMcama parivarta meM dekhie  /  5. kabIra-haoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pacha 130, pR. 309.

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________________ 216 kaisA nAtA re  /  kahai bira merA  /  mana phalA-phUlA phira jagata meM mAtA kahe yaha putra hamArA vahana bhAI kahai yaha mujA hamArI nArI kahai nara merA  /  peTa pakari ke mAtA rove bAMha pakari ke bhAI  /  lapaTi paTi ke tiriyA rovaM haMsa akelA jAI  /  cAra gajI caragajI maMgAyA car3hA kATha kI ghor3I  /  cAroM kone mAga lagAyA phUMka diyo jasa horI | hAr3a jara jasa lAha kar3I ko kesa naraM jasa ghAsA  /  sonA aisI kAyA jari gaI koI na bhAyo pAsA  //  kavivara dyAnatarAya ne bhI ina sAMsArika sambandho ko isI prakAra mithyA aura jhUThA mAnA hai| majJAnI jIva unako merA-merA kahakara prAtmajJAna se dUra rahatA hai  /  mithyA yaha saMsAra hai re, jhUThA yaha saMsAra hai re  //  jo dehI vaha rasa sauM poSa, so nahi saMga calai re, prorana ko tauhi kauna marosI, nAhaka moha karaM re  /  /  sukha kI bAteM bU nAhIM, dukha ko sukha lekheM re  /  mUDho mAMhI mAtA Dole, sAdhI nA jhUTha kamAtA jhUThI khAtA jhUThI zrApa sacchA sAMI sU nAhIM, kyoM kara pAra lage Rs  //  Dare re  /  japeM hai 3. midhyAtva, moha aura mAyA : jama sauM DaratA phUlA phiratA karatA maiM maiM maire  /  , dhAnata syAta soI jAnA, jo japa tapa dhyAna dharaM raM || 4. 1 jaba se darzana kI utpatti huI hai tabhI se mithyAtva, moha mora mAyA kA zabda kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se sabandha usake sAtha jur3A huA hai| Rgveda meM 'mAyA' beza badalane ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| 3 upaniSad kAla meM isane darzana kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA aura ise paramAtmA kI sRjana kA pratIka kahA gayA  /  saMsArI prAtmA isI mAyA se zrAbaddha banI rahatI hai  / " jainadharma ise mithyAtva, moha praura karma kahatA 1 santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 4 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pada 156, pR. 130. 3. indro mAyAbhiH pururUpa Iyate, Rgveda 6. 47. 18. asmAnmAyI sRjate vizva metat, tasmizvAnyo mAyayA saMniruddhaH zvetAzvataropaniSada 4. 9.

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________________ 217 hai jisake kAraNa jIva saMsAra bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| bauddhoM ne bhI ise inhIM zabdoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| unhoMne isake praneka rUpa batAye haiM- svapnavAda, aftycare aaura zunyavAda  /  inhIM ko RSiyoM ne pradhyAsa, anirvacanIya, sthAtivAda Adi ke sahAre spaSTa kiyA hai  /  praddhata vedAnta ke anusAra mAtmA mAyA dvArA hI sRSTi kA nimittopAdAna kAraNa hai aura usake dUra hone se eka prAtmA athavA brahma hI zeSa raha jAtA hai  /  isake viparIta tAMtrikoM kA mAyAbAda hai  /  jahA~ mAyA mithyA rUpa nahIM balki sadrUpa hai  /  madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne mithyAtva, moha aura karma ko apane kAvya meM prastuta kiyA hai jise hama paMcama parivarta me dekha cuke hai| saguNa-nirguNa hindI ke anya kaviyoM ne bhI mAyA ke isI rUpa kA varNana kiyA hai jAyasI ne brahmavilAsa meM mAyA aura zaitAna ye do tatva bAdhaka mAne haiN| alAuddIna aura rAghava ko cetana ke saMtAna ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai  /  ratnasena jaisA siddha sAdhaka usakI pracintya zakti ke sAmane ghuTane Teka detA hai  /  mAyA ko kavi ne nArI kA pratirUpa mAnA hai  /  ahaMkAra aura jar3atA ko bhI vyajita karatI hai| alAuddIna ko mahaMkAra kA avatAra batAyA gayA hai  /  'nAgamatI yaha duniyAM dhaMdhA' kahakara nAgamatI ko bhI mAyA kA pratIka mAnA hai  /  mAyA, chala, kapaTa, strI prAdi zabda samAnArthaka haiN| jAyasI ne isIlie nArI (nAgamatI) ke svabhAva ko prastuta kara mithyAtva, mAyA aura moha ko abhivyaMjita kiyA hai  /  jo tiriyAM ke kAja na jAnA  /  pare ghokha pIche pachatAnA || nAgamati nAgini buSi tAU  /  sudhA mayUra hoi nahi kAU || 1. mita vedato jIvo, vivarIyadaMsarago hoI  /  gaya dhammaM rocedi hu, mahuraM pi rasaM jahA jarido, paMcasaMgraha, 1.6 : tu. uttarAdhyayana, 7. 24. 2. 3. brahmasUtra bhASya, 2. 1. 9, 1.1. 21, 2.1. 28. brahma satyam jagat idamanRtaM mAyayA bhAsamAnaM  /  jIvo brahma svarUpI grahamiti mamacet asti dehebhimAna  /  zrutvA brahmamahamanuyabhavamudite naSTa karmAbhimAnAt  /  mAyA saMsAra mukte iha bhavati sadA saccidAnanda rUpa:  /  bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda, pU. 63. rAghavadUta soi saitAnU  /  mAyA palAuddIna sulatAnu || jAyasI granthAvalI, g. 301. vahI, pR. 224-226. 5. 6. vahI, pu. 205.

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________________ 218  /  sUra ne ballabhAcArya kA anukaraNa karate hue mAyA ko Izvara kI hI zakti kA pratIka mAnA hai  /  vaha satya aura bhrama donoM rUpa hai  /  zaMkarAcArya kI dRSTi meM vidyA ke dUra hone para jIva praura jagat kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai para ballabhAcArya use nahI mAnate  /  ve kevala saMsAra kA nAza mAnate haiM mAyA to unakI dRSTi meM paramAtmA kI hI zakti hai 1 jisake cakkara se zaMkara, brahma prAdi jaise mahAmAnava bhI nahIM baca sake 12 sUra ne mAyA ko mujaMginI, naTinI, mohanI bhI kahA  /  kAma, koSa, tRSNA mAdi vikAra bhI mAyAjanya hI haiN| mAyA hI avidyA athavA mithyAtva hai jisake kAraNa bhautika sasAra satyavat pratIta hotA hai  /  yahI saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| mIrA punarjanma meM vizvAsa karatI thIM  /  punarjanma kA kAraNa zravidyA, moha athavA karma hai  /  saMcita (pratIta), saMcIyamAna (bhAvI) aura prArabdha (vartamAna) karmoM meM saMcita karma hI punarjanma ke kAraNa haiM mIrA ke vividha rUpa usake pratIka haiM  /  karma kI zakti kA varNana mIrA ne nimnalikhita padya me spaSTa kiyA hai karama gati dvArAM nA rI TarAM  /  satabAdI haracandrA rAjAM homa ghara nIrAM bharAM  //  pAMca pAMDurI rAnI dupadA hAr3a himAlo garAM  /  jagya kiyA bali lena indrAsana jAyAM patAla parAM  /  mIrA re prabhu giradhara nAgara bikharU bhramarita karAM  //  tulasI kisa darzana ke anuyAyI the yaha zrAja bhI hai  /  " mujhe aisA lagatA hai ki ve ballabhAcArya ke vizeSa bhAcArya ke samAna hI unhoMne bhI mAyA ko rAma kI 1. gopAla tumhArI mAyA mahAprabala nihi saba pada, 44. 2. mAdhaujU naiku haTako gAi  /  3. vivAda kA viSaya banA huA anuyAyI rahe hoge  /  ballazakti mAnA hai - 'mana mAyA 4. mIrAbAI, pR. 327-28. 5. tulasI, saM. udayabhAnu siMha, pR. 178-9. jaga basa kInho, sUrasAgara bhramata nisi vAsara prapatha-patha agaha gahi gahi jAi  /  Sudhina prati na pradhAti kabahU, nigama dumadala khAi  /  aSTa dasa-ghaTa nIra paMcavati tRSA taU na bujhAi  /  sUrasAgara, pada 56. sUrasAgara, 42-43, tulanArtha dRSTavya, malUkadAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 9, palaTU, saMtavAraNI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 238.

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________________ 219 sambhava saMsArA  /  jAva carAcara vividha prakArA' tathA 'paru mora tora khai mAyA  /  jahi basa kInheM jIva nikaayaa|' kavi ke eka anya dohe se bhI yaha spaSTa hai mAyA jIva subhAva guna kAla karama mahadAdi  /  Isa aMka te bar3hata saba Isa aMka binu bAdi  /  jaina sAdhakoM aura kabIra ke mAyA sambandhI vicAra milate-julate se haiN| kabIra ne mAyA ko chAyA ke samAna mAnA hai jo prayatna karane para bhI grahaNa nahIM kI jA sktii| phira bhI jIva usake pIche daur3atA hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhI use chAyA' kahakara sundara zayyA kahA hai jisa para mohI moha-nidrA se prasta ho jAtA hai  /  kabIra aura bhUdharadAsa donoM ne mAyA ko ThaginI kahA hai  /  kabIra ne isa mAyA ke vibhinna rUpa pora nAma batAye haiM aura use kathanIya kahA hai mAyA mahA ThaginI hama jaanii|| niraguna phAMsa liye kara Dole, bole madhurI vAnI, kezava ke kamalA have baiThI, ziva ke bhavana zivAnI  /  paMDA ke mUrati havai baiThI tIratha meM bhaI pAnI, jogI ke jogina havaM baiThI rAjA ke ghara raanii|| kAhU ke hIrA havaM baiThI, kAhU ke kor3I kAnI, bhagatana ke bhagatina havai baiThI brahmA ke brhmaanii| kahata kabIra suno ho saMto, yaha saba akatha khaanii| kabIra ke samAna hI bhUdharadAsa ne mAyA ko 'ThaganI' zabda se sambodhita kiyA hai aura use bijalI kI prAtmA ke samAna mAnA hai jo ajJAnI prANiyoM ko lalacAtI rahatI hai  /  isakA jarA bhI vizvAsa karane para pachatAnA hI hAtha lagatA hai  /  mAge bhUdharadAsa jI kete kaMtha kiye te kulaTA, to bhI mana na madhAyA' kahakara usake rahasya ko spaSTa kara dete haiM parantu kabIra use kathanIya kahakara hI raha jAte haiN| 1. tulasI granthAvalI, pR. 100. 2. mAyA chAyA eka sI viralA jAne koya  /  mAtA ke pIche phire sanamukha bhAga soya  /  saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 57. mAyA chAyA eka hai ghaTa bar3he china mAhi  /  inakI saMgati je laga tinahiM kaTI sukha nAhiM ||bnaarsiivilaas, pa 75. mAyA kI saMvArI seja cAdari kalapanA....."nATaka samayasAra, nirjarAdvAra 14, pR. 138. mAyA to ThaginI bhaI Thagata phira saba desa, saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 57. 6. kabIra-ko. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, par3a 134, pR. 311.

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________________ 220 suni ThaganI mAyA, taiM sabai jaga Thage khAMyA | Tuka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA, so mUrakha pachatAyA || grAmA tanaka dikhAya bijju, jyoM mUDhamatI lalacAyA  /  kari mada aMdha dharma hara lInoM, pranta naraka pahuMcAyA  //  kete kaMtha kiye teM kulaTA, to bhIM mana na pradhAyA  /  kisa hI sauM nahi prIti nibhAI, vaha taji dhaura lubhAyA  //  bhUdhara calata phirata yaha sabakoM, bhauMdU kari jaya pAyA  /  jo isa ThaganI ko Thaga baiThe, maiM tinako zira nAyA || anyatra padoM meM kabIra ne mAyA ko sAre saMsAra ko nAgapAza meM bAdhane vAlI caNDAlini, Domini aura sApina bhAdi kahA hai| saMta prAnandaghana bhI mAyA ko aise hI rUpa meM mAnate haiM aura usase sAvadhAna rahane kA upadeza dete haiN| kabIra kA bhI isI prAzaya se yukta pada hai bhavadhU aiso jJAna vicArI, tArthaM nAMhU patnIM nAMhU kvArI, kAlI mUNDa kI eka na choDayo bAmhana ke bamhaneTI kahiyo, kalamA paDhi paDhi bhaI bhAI puriSa the nArI  //  pUta janyU gho hArI  /  prajahU akana kuvArI  //  jogI ke ghara celI  /  turakanI, prajahU phirI akelI  //  1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 154. 2. vadhU aiso jJAna vicArI, vAmeM koNa puruSa koNa nArI  /  bAmhana ke ghara nhAtI dhotI, bAmhana ke ghara velI  /  kalamA par3ha par3ha bhaI re turakar3I, to bhApa hI prApa akelI  //  sasaro hamArI bAlo bholo, sAsU bAla kuMvArI  /  piyajU hamAre hor3he pAraNiya, to maiM hUM bhulAvanahArI  //  nahIM hUM paTaNI, nahIM hUM kuMvArI, putra jaragAvana hArI  /  kAlI dAr3hI ko maiM koI nahI choDyo, to hajue hUM bAla kuMvArI  //  dvIpa meM khATa khaTUlI, gagana uzIku talAI  /  dharatI ko cher3o, zrAma kI pichor3I, tomana soDa bharAI  //  gagana maMDala meM gAya bibhAraNI, vasudhA dUdha jamAI | sau re suno mAi baloNU balove, to tatva pramRta koI pAI || nahIM jAUM sAsariye ne nahIM jAUM pIhariye, piyajU kI seja bichAI  /  dhAnandadhana kahe sunA bhAI sAdhu, to jyota se jyota milAI  /  mAnandadhana bahosarI, pu. 403 - 405.

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________________ pIhari jAMu na rahU sAsuraM purabahi premi na lAMUM  /  kahai kabIra sunahu re santI, aMgahi aMga na ghubAUM  // 1 tulasIdAsa ne mAyA ko bamana kI bhAMti sthAjya batAyA  / " malUkadAsa ne use kAlI nAginI mora dAdU ne sarpiNI kahA  /  jAyasI, sUra aura tulasI' ne isa saMsAra ko svapnavat kahA jisameM saMsArI nirarthaka hI mohI banA rahatA hai  /  bhUdharadAsa ne bhI saMsAra ke tamAze ko svapna ke samAna dekhA hai  /  221 " dekhyA bIca jahAna ke svapane kA ajaba tamAzA ve  /  /  ekake ghara maMgala gAveM pUgI mana kI prAsA  /  eka viyoga bhare bahu rI, bhari bhari nena nirAsA  // 1 //  teja turaMganipa car3hi calate pahareM malamala khAsA || raMga bhaye nAge prati DoleM, nA koI deya dilAsA || tarakai rAja takhata para baiThA thA khuzavakta khulAsA  /  ThIka dupaharI mUdata prAI, jaMgala kInA vAsA  // 13 //  tana dhana thira nihAyata jaga meM, pAnI mAMhi patAsA  /  bhUSara inakA garava kareM je phiTa tinakA janamAsA  // 14 //  8 6. 7. 8. 9. dveSA mithyAtva, moha aura mAyA ke kAraNa hI jIva meM krodha, lobha rAga, dika vikAroM kA janma hotA hai| tulasI ne inako pratyanta upadrava karane vAle mAnasika rogoM ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| sUra ne inako paridhAna mAnakara saMsAra kA kAraNa mAnA hai 1. kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 231, pR. 427-28. 2. tulasI rAmAyaNa, prayodhyAkANDa, 323-4. 3. malUkadAsa, bhAga 2, pR. 16. 4. dAdU, bhAga 1, pR. 131. 5. yaha saMsAra sapana kara lekhA, vivari gaye jAnoM nahiM dekhA, jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 55. jaise supane soI nekhiyata tese yaha saMsAra, surasAra, pR. 200. moha nisA saba sovani dvArA, dekhina sapana aneka prakArA, mAnasa, pR. 458. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 154. tama moha loga ahaMkArA, mada, krodha bodha ripu bhArA  /  prati karahi upadrava nAthA, mardahi mohiM jAni mnaayaa| santavAraNI saMgraha bhAga 2, pR. 86, tula nArtha dekhiye, kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 311.

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________________ 222 aba meM nAcyo bahuta gopAla  /  kAmakrodha ko pahiri colanA kaNTha viSaya kI mAla  /  mahAmoha ke nUpura bAjata nidA-zabda rasAla  /  bhrama-mAyo mana bhayo SakhAvaja calata asaMgata cAla  /  tRSNA nAda karati ghaTa bhItara, nAnA vidhi de tAla | mAyA ko kaTi pheTA bAMdhyoM lobha tilaka diyo bhAla  /  koTika kalA kAchi dikharAI jala thala sudhi nahi kAla  /  sUradAsa kI sabai avidyA dUri karI nandalAla || isIlie maiyA bhagavatIdAsa ina vikAroM se dUra rahane kI salAha dete haiM  /  2 karma bhI mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai| tulasI ne unheM sukha-duHkha kA hetu mAnA hai- 'kAhU na koU sukha duHkhakara dAtA  /  nija kRta karma bhoga sukha bhrAtA  / " tUra bhI " janama janama bahu karama kie haiM tinameM grAma prApa badhApe  /  " kahakara yaha batAyA hai ki unheM bhoge binA koI bhI unase mukta nahIM ho sktaa| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne " karmana ke hAtha de bikAye jaga jIva sabai karma joI kare soI inake prabhAta haiM 'likhakara karma kI mahattA ko prakaTa kiyA hai| mIrA ne karmoM kI prabala zakti ko isI prakAra prakaTa kiyA hai  /  budhajana bhI isI prakAra karmoM kI anivArya zakti kA vyAkhyAna kara use purANoM se udAharaNa dekara spaSTa karate haiM- 3. karmana kI rekhA nyArI re vidhinA TArI nA~hi TaraM  /  rAvaNa tIna khaNDa ko rAjA china meM naraka paDe  /  chappana koTa parivAra kRSNa ke vana meM jAya mare ||||| hanumAna kI mAta anjanA vana vana rudana kareM  /  1. sUrasAgara 153, pR. 8 1 " 2. kAhe ko krUra tU krodha kare prati tohi raheM dukha saMkaTa ghere  /  kAhe ko mAna mahAza rakhAvata, Avata kAla chine china tere  //  kAhe ko saMgha tu badhana mAyA sau, ye narakAdika meM tuhai gere  /  lobha mahAdukha mUla hai bhaiyA, tu cetata kyoM nahi ceta savere  //  brahmavilAsa, puNya pacIsikA 11 pR. 4. rAmacarita mAnasa, gItA pra esa, pR. 458. sUrasAgara, pR. 173. 4. 5. thakita hoya ratha cakrahIna jyauM viraci karmaguna phaMda, vahI, pR. 105 6. brahmavilAsa, puNya pApa jagamUla pacIsI, 20, pR. 199 7. mIrA bAI, pR. 327.

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________________ 223 bharata bAhubali doU bhAI kasA yuddha karai  /  / 2 /  /  rAma para lakSmaNa donoM bhAI kaisA siya ke saMga vana mAMhi phireM  /  sItA mahAsatI pativratA jalatI pragani pare  /  / 3 /  /  pAMDava mahAbalI se yoddhA tinakI triyA ko hare  /  kRSNa rukmaNI ke suta praca mna janamata deva harai  / 140 ko laga kathanI kIjai inakI likhatA grantha bhare  /  /  dharma sahita ye karama kauna sA 'budhajana' yoM ucare 51 4. manaH sAdhanA meM mana kI zakti acintya hai  /  vaha saMsAra ke bandha aura mokSa donoM kA kAraNa hotA hai| mana ko viSaya vAsanAmoM kI aora se haTAkara jaba use mAramA meM hI sthira kara lete haiM to vaha yogayukta avasthA kahI jAtI hai| kaThopaniSad meM isI ko paramagati kahA gayA hai| ' mana, vacana aura kAya se yukta jIva kA vIrya pariNAma rUpa prANiyoga kahalAtA hai  /  aura yahI yoga mokSa kA kAraNa hai  /  dUi. lie yogIndu ne use paMcendriyoM kA svAmI batAyA hai aura use vaza meM karanA Avazvaka kahA hai| gauDapAda ne usakI zakti ko pahicAnakara saMsAra ko mana kA prapaMca mAtra kahA hai  / ' kabIra ne mAyA aura mana ke sambandha ko avicchinna kahakara use sarvatra duHkha aura pIDA kA kAraNa kahA hai| mAyA mana ko usI prakAra vigAr3a detI hai jisa prakAra kAjI dUdha ko vigAr3a detI hai  /  /  mana se mana kI sAdhanA bhI kI 1. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 201. 2. yadA viniyataM cittaM mAtmanyevAvatiSThate  /  niHspRha sarvakAmebhyo yoga ityucyate tadA  //  gItA, 6. 18. kaThopaniSada. 2.3.10. maNasA vAyA vA vi juttasya vIriya pariNAmo  /  jIvassa viriya jogo, jogotti jiNohiM riNaTThio , paMca sagraha, 1.88. 5. caturvage grahI mokSo yogastasya ca kAraNam-yogazAstra, 1. 15. paMcaha NAyaku vasikarahu jeNa hotI vasi aNNa  /  mUla viNaTThai taruvaraha avasai sukkahiM paNNa  /  /  paramAtmaprakAza, 140, pR. 285. manodRzyamida dvatam , mANDUkya kArikA, 3.31. 8. mana pAMcoM ke vasi parA mana ke vasa nahi pAMca  /  jita dekhUtita do lagi jita bhAkhU tita pAca  //  kabIra vANI, pR. 67. 9. mAyA soM mana vIgaDayA, jyoM kAMjI kari dUdha  /  hai koI saMsAra meM mana kari deve sUdha ||daaduu, bhAga 1, pR. 118.

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________________ 224 jAtI hai  /  mana dvArA mana ke samajhAne para carama satya kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai  / " caMcala citta ko nizcala karane para hI rAma-rasAyana kA pAna kiyA jA sakatA hai' yaha kAcA khela na hoI jana ghaTatara khele koI  /  fan caMbala nizcala kIje, taba rAma rasAyana pIje  //  2 eka anyatra pada meM kabIra mana ko saMbodhita karate hue kahate haiM hai mana ! tU kyoM ar bhramaNa karatA phiratA hai ? tU viSayAnandoM meM saMlipta hai kintu phira bhI tujhe santoSa nahIM  /  tRSNAoM ke pIche bAvalA banA humrA phiratA hai  /  manuSya jahAM bhI paga bar3hAtA hai use mAyA-moha kA bandhana jakar3a letA hai  /  mrAtmA rUpI svaccha svarNa thAlI ko usane pApoM se kaluSita kara diyA hai| ThIka isI prakAra kI vizvAra- saraNI banArasIdAsa ' aura budhajana jaise jaina sAdhakoM ne bhI abhivyakta kI hai  /  maiyA bhagavatI dAsa ne kabIra ke samAna hI mana kI zakti ko pahicAnA aura use zabdoM meM isa prakAra gUMthane kA prayatna kiyA B 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. mana balI na dUsaro, dekhyau ihi saMsAra || tIna loka meM phirata hI jAtana lAge bAra ||8|| mana dAsana ko dAsa hai, mana bhUpana ko bhUpa  //  mana saba bAtani yogya hai, mana kI kathA anUpa  //   //  mana rAjA kI sena saba indrina umarAva  //  rAta dinA daurata phiraM, kare aneka anyAva  // 10 //  indriya se umarAva siMha, viSaya deza vizcaraMta  //  yA tiha mana bhUpa ko, ko jIte vina saMta  //  11  //  kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 146. vahI, pR. 146. kAhai re mana vaha disi ghAvaM, viSiyA saMgi saMtoSa na pAve  /  /  jahAM jahAM kala tahAM tahAM baMdhano, ratana ko thAla kiyau te raMdhanAM  /  kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 87, pR. 343. re mana ! kara sadA santoSa, bar3hata parigraha moha bADhata, adhika tRSanA hoti  /  bahuta IMdhana jarata jaise, pragani UMcI joti  //  banArasIdAsa, hindI pada saMgraha pR. 65. mere mana tirapata kyoM nahi hoya, anAdikAla te viSayanarAcyo, apanA sarabata khoya  /  /  budhajana, vahI, pR. 197

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________________ mana caMcala mana apala pati, mana bahu karma kamAya  //  mana jIte bina pAtamA, mukti kaho kima dhAma 11211 mana so joSA jagata meM, bhaura dUsaro nAhiM  /  /  tAhi pachAra so subhaTa, jIta lahai jaga mAhi  /  / 13 /  /  mana indrina ko bhUpa hai, tAhi kare jo jera  //  sau sukha pAve mukti ke, yA meM kala na phera  /  / 1411 jata tana mUcho dhyAna meM, idriya bhaI nirAza  /  /  taba iha mAtama brahma ne, kIne nija parakAza 11511 kabIra ke samAna jagatarAma bhI mana ko mAyA ke vaza mAnate haiM aura u anartha kA kAraNa kahate haiN| jaina kavi brahmadIpa ne mana ko karama saMbodhana karake uraM bhava-vana meM vicaraNa na karane ko kahA hai kyoMki yahAM aneka viSa veleM lagI huii| jinako khAne se bahuta kaSTa hogaa| mana karahA bhava banimA parai, tadi viSa bellarI bahuta  /  tahUM caraMtahaM bahu dukhu pAiyau, taba jAnahi gau mIta  /  /  5. bAgADambara sAdhanA ke prAntarika aura bAhya svarUpoM meM se kabhI kabhI sAdhakoM : bAhyADambaroM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA  /  aisI sthiti meM jJAnArAdhanA kI apekSa kriyAkANDa prayavA karmakANDa kI lokapriyatA adhika huii| parantu vaha sAdhanA ka vAstavika svarUpa nahIM thaa| jina sAdhakoM ne usake vAstavika svarUpa ko samajha unhoMne muNDana, tIrthasthAna, yajJa, pUjA, prAdi bAhya kriyAkANDoM kA dhanaghora viro kiyA  /  yaha kriyAkoDa sAdhAraNataH vaidika saMskRti kA maMga bana cukA thaa| jainAcArya yogIndu ne jJAna ke binA tIrthasthAna ko bilkula nirarSaka batAya hai| suni rAmasiha ne bhI usase prAbhyaMtara mala ghulanA asabhava mAnA hai  /  1. brahmavilAsa, manavattIsI, pR. 262, 2 manakarahArAsa, I, Amera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura meM surakSita hastalikhita sa tulanArtha dRSTavya-janazataka, bhUdharadAsa, 67 pR. 26. 3. tisthaI tityu bhamatAhaM mUDhahaM moksa Na hoi  /  yANa vivajiu jega jiya muNivaru hoi pa soI 1581 paramAtmaprakAza, dvi. mahA0, pR. 227. 4. patiya pANiDa damba tila samvahaM jANi savaNNu  /  ja puNu moksahaM jAibau taM kAraNu kui prANu ||-paahudddohaa, 159.

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________________ 226 prAcArya kundakunda se bhalIbhAMti prabhAvita rahe haiN| siddha sarahapAda ne bhI tIrthasthAna prAdi bAhyAcAra kA khaNDana kara acelAvasthA picchi, kezalu bana prAdi kriyAoM kI nimna prakAra se mAlocanA kI hai kabIra ne bhI dhArmika grandhavizvAsoM, pAkhaNDI aura bAhyADambaroM ke virodha meM tIkSNa vyaMgyoktiyAM kasI haiN| mAtra mUrtipUjA karane vAloM aura mUr3a mur3Ane vAloM ke Upara kaTu prahAra kiyA hai| kabIra kA vicAra hai ki inase bAhyAcAroM ke grahaNa karane kI pravRtti to banI rahatI hai parantu mana nirvikAra nahIM hotA isalie hAtha kI mAlA ko tyAgakara kavi ne mana ko vaza meM karane kA Agraha kiyA hai  /  5 jogI khaMDa meM bAhyAcAra virodha kI halkI bhAvanA jAyasI meM bhI milatI hai jaba ratnasena jyotiSI ke kahane para uttara detA hai ki prema mArga meM dina, ghaDI Adi bAhyAcAra para dRSTi nahI rakhI jAtI  /  pranyatra sthaloM para bhI unhoMne jhakajhora dene vAle karAre vyaMgya kiye haiM  /  nagna rahane se hI yadi yoga hotA hai to mRga ko bhI mukti mila 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. yadi naMgAye hor3a mukti to zunaka zrRgAlahu  /  loma upATe hoi siddhi to yuvati nitambahu || pichi gahe dekheu jo mokSa to mora camarahuM  /  umcha- bhojane hoi jJAna to karihuM turaMgahu | bhAvai  /  saraha mane kSapaNa kI mokSa, mohi tanika na tattva rahita kAyA na tApa para kevala sAdhai || 6. mokkhapAr3a, 61; bhAvapAhur3a 2. hindI kAvyadhArA - saM. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pAkhaNDa-khaNDana (chAyA) pR. 5, tulanArtha dRSTavya hai - brahmavilAsa, zatamaSTottarI, 11 pR. 10. pAhana pUje hari mile to maiM pUjU pahAra  /  tAta cAkI bhalI pIsi khAya sasAra  //  saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga-1, pR. 62. mUDa mur3Aye hari mileM saba koI leya mur3Aya  /  bAra-bAra ke mUr3ate mer3a na baikuNTha jAya  //  mAlA pherata juga gayA, pAya na mana kA phera  /  karakA manakA choDa de manakA manakA phera || kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 45. jAyasI kA padmAvata ---DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, pR. 157.

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________________ jAtI aura yadi muNDana karane se svarga milatA to bher3a bhI svarga pahuMcatI sundaradAsa, jagajIvana, bhIkhA mAdi santoM ne bhI ina bAhyAcAroM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| tulasI ne bhI kahA ki, japa, tapa, tIrthasnAna prAdi kriyAyeM rAmabhakti ke binA vaisI hI hai jaise hAthI ko bAMdhane ke lie ghUla kI rassI banAnA  /  aneka devatAoM kI sevA, zmazAna meM tAntrika sAdhanA, prayAga meM zarIra tyAga prAdi prAcAra avidyAjanya haiM 15 madhyakAlIna jaina santoM ne bhI apanI paramparA ke anusAra bAhyAcAroM kA cause kiyA hai| jainadharma meM binA vizuddhamana aura jJAnapUrvaka kiyA gayA prAcAra karmabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai  / " bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne kabIrAdi santoM ke svara se milAkara bAhya kriyAnoM meM vyasta sAdhunoM kI tIkhI AlocanA kI hai| " vRkSa ke mUla meM rahanA, jaTAdi dhAraNa karanA, tIrthasnAnAdi karanA jJAna ke binA bekAra haiMkoTi koTi kaSTa sahe, kaSTa meM zarIra dahe, dhUmapAna kiyo pe na pAyo bheda tana ko  /  vRkSana ke mUla rahe jaTAna meM bhUli rahe, mAna madhya mUli rahe kiye kaSTa tana ko || 1. korati ke kAja diyau dAnahU ratanako  /  jJAna binA bera-baira kriyA karI phera-phera, kiyau koU kAraja na bhrAtama jatana ko  //  jaina kavi bhagavatIdAsa ne aisI bAhya kriyAnoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai jinameM samyak jJAna aura prAcAra kA samanvaya na ho 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. tIratha aneka nhaye, tirata na kahUM bhaye, 7. 8. 227 nAge phireM joga jo hoI, bana kA mRga mukati gayA koI  /  mUr3a mur3AyeM jo sidhi hoI, svarga hI bher3a na pahuMcI koI  //  nanda rAkhi je khela hai bhAI, to dusare koNa parama gati pAI ||13211 kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 23. sundara vilAsa, pR. 23. saMta sudhAsAra, bhAga - 2, pR. 58. bhIkhA sAhaba kI vAnI, pR. 5. fareafter, pada 129. tulasI granthAvalI, pR. 200. nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhi dvAra, 96-97. brahmavilAsa, zatapraSTottarI, 11 pR. 10 vahI; manityapacIsiyA, 9 pR. 174.

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________________ 228 jainadharma ke anusAra kriyAvihIna jJAna vyartha hai aura jJAna vihIna kriyA bhI nagara se bhAga lagane para paMgu to dekhatA dekhatA jala gayA aura zradhA daur3atA-daur3atA  /  pItAmbara ne isIlie kahA hai---bheSadhAra kahaiM bhaiyA bheSa hI meM bhagavAna, bheSa me bhagavAna, bhagavAna na bhAva meM  /  '3 isa sandarbha me prastuta prabandha ke caturthaM parivarta meM bAhyADambara ke prakaraNa meM saMkalita aura bhI aneka pada dekhe jA sakate haiM jisame bAhyAcAra kI kaTu AlocanA kI gaI hai  /  jaina sAdhakoM evaM kaviyoM ke sAhitya kA vistRta paricaya na hone ke kAraNa kucha AlocakoM ne mAtra kabIra sAhitya ko dekhakara uname hI bAhyADambara ke khaDana kI pravRtti ko svIkArA hai jabaki unake hI samAna bAhyAcAra kA khaMDana pro prAlocanA jaina sAdhaka bahuta pahale kara cuke the ataH isa sandarbha meM kabIra ke bAre meM hI mithyA zrAropa lagAnA upayukta nahIM  /  S deha ke pavitra kiye zrAtmA pavitra hoya, aise mUDa bhUla rahe mithyA ke bharama meM  /  kula ke prAcAra ko vicAraM soI jAnaM dharma, kaMda mUla khAye puNya pApa ke karama me  /  mUMDa ke muMDAye gati deha ke dagAye gati, rAtana ke khAye gati mAnata parama meM  /  zastra ke gharaiyA deva zAstra ko na jAne bheda, aise haiM abena zraru mAnata parama meM  /  uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina aura jInatara dono sAdhaka kaviyo bAhyAcAra kI apekSA grAntarika zuddhi para adhika bala diyA hai  /  antara itanA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. brahmavilAsa, supaMtha kupaMthapacItika, 11 pR. 182. hayaM nAraNa kriyAhINaM hayA annAgaNazrI triyA  /  pAsaMtI paMgulI daDDho dhAvamArago ya dhamo  /  vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, jina bhadraraNa, 1159. banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 43, pR. 87. kyA hai tere nhAI dhoI, prAtamarAma na cInhA soI  /  kyA ghaTa pari maMjana kI bhItarI maila apArA  //  rAmanAma bina naraka na chUTai, jo dhovai sau bArA  /  jyU dAdura surasari jala bhItari hari bina mukati na hoI || kabIra, pR. 322. zrabhintara citti vi mahaliyai bAhiri kAi tabeNa  /  citti giraMjaNu ko vi ghari muccahi jema maleraNa || pAhuNa dohA, 61 pR. 18 bhitari bhariu pAumalu mUDhA karahi savhANu  /  je mala lAga citta mahi bhandA re ! bima jAya samhANi  //  prAdA, 4.

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________________ 229 hai ki jainatara sAdhaka bhakta the ataH unhoMne bhakti ke nAma-smaraNa para adhika jora IT jabaki jaina sAdhakoM ne AtmA ke hI paramAtmatattva ko antara meM dhAraNa karane bAta kahI hai| 2. sAdhaka tatva sadguru aura sarasaMga : ___ sAdhanA kI saphalatA aura sAdhya kI prApti ke lie sadguru kA satsaMga preraNA srota rahatA hai  /  guru kA upadeza pApanAzaka, kalyANakAraka zAnti aura prAsmadva karane vAlA hotA hai| usake lie zramaNa aura vaidika sAhitya me zramaNa, cAryo, buddha, pUjya, dharmAcArya, upAdhyAya, bhante, bhadanta, sadguru, guru prAdi zabdoM kA pti prayoga humA hai  /  jainAcAryoM ne arhanta aura siddha ko bhI guru mAnA hai aura vedha prakAra se guru bhakti pradarzita kI hai| ihaloka aura paraloka me jIvoM ko jo I bhI kalyANakArI upadeza prApta hote haiM ve saba gugajano kI vinaya se hI hote isalie uttarApyayana meM guru aura ziSyoM ke pArasparika kartavyoM kA vivecana gA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM supAtra aura kupAtra ke bIca jaina tathA vaidika sAhitya karekhA bhI khIcI gaI hai| jaina sAdhaka munirAmasiMha aura prAnaMdatilaka ne guru kI mahattA svIkAra kI pora kahA hai ki guru kI kRpA se hI vyakti mithyAtva rAgAdi ke baMdhana se mukta hara bhedavijJAna dvArA apanI AtmA ke mUlavizuddha rUpa ko jAna pAtA hai  /  isalie . uttarAdhyayana, 1 27. . je kei vi uvaesA, iha para loe suhAvahA saMti  /  viNaeNa gurujaNANaM save pAuNai te purimA  //  vasunandi-zrAvakAcAra, 339, tulanArtha dekhiye-gheraMDa saMhitA, 3, 12-14. . uttarAdhyayana, prathama skandha  /  . zvetAzvataropaniSad 3-6, 22 Adi parva, mahAbhArata, 131. 34. 58, tAma kutitthai paribhamai ghuttima tAma karei  /  guruhu pasAe jAma raNavi appA deu muNe  /  /  yogasAra, 41, pR. 380. appAparahaM paraMparaha jo darisAvai bheu  /  pAhur3adohA, 1. guru jiraNavaru guru siddha siDa, guru rayaNattaya sAru  /  sau darisAvai appa parU pANaMdA ! bhava jala pAvai pAra  //  pANaMdA, 36.

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________________ 230 unhoMne guru kI vandanA kI hai  /  prAnaMdatilaka bhI guru ko jinavara, siddha, ziva aura sva-para kA bheda darzAne vAlA mAnate hai  /  jaina sAdhakoM ke hI samAna kabIra ne bhI guru ko brahma (govinda) se bhI zreSTha mAnA hai  /  usI kI kRpA se govinda ke darzana saMbhava haiN| rAgAdika vikAroM ko dUra kara zrAtmA jJAna se tabhI prakAzita hotI hai jaba guru kI prApti ho jAtI hai  / " unakA upadeza saMzayahAraka aura pathapradarzaka rahatA hai | guru ke anugraha evaM kRpA dRSTi se ziSya kA jIvana saphala ho jAtA hai  /  sadguru svarNakAra kI bhAti ziSya ke mana se doSa bhaura durguNoM ko dUra kara use tapta svarNa kI bhAMti kharA aura nirmala banA detA hai  / 4 sUphI kavi jAyasI ke mana meM pIra (guru) ke prati zraddhA dRSTavya hai  /  vaha unakA prema kA dIpaka hai| hIrAmana totA svayaM guru rUpa hai aura sasAra ko usane ziSya banA liyA hai  / " unakA bizvAsa hai ki guru sAdhaka hRdaya me viraha kI cinagArI prakSipta kara sAdhaka ziSya guru kI dI huI usa vastu ko sulagA detA hai  /  jAyasI ke bhAvamUlaka rahasyavAda kA prANabhUtatattva prema hai aura yaha prema pIra kI mahAna dena hai  /  padmAvata ke stutikhaDa meM unhoMne likhA hai- detA hai aura saccA sUra kI gopiyA to binA guru ke yoga mathurA le jAne ke lie kahatI hai jahA jAkara 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. "saMyada asarapha pIra pirAyA  /  jahi mohi patha dInha ujiyArA | lesA hie prema kara dIyA  /  uThI jauti bhA niramala hIyA  / " 8. 9. sIkha hI nahI sakI  /  ve uddhava se guru zyAma se yoga kA pATha graharaNa guru govinda doU khar3e kAke lAgU pAya  /  balihArI guru prApakI jinha govinda diyo dikhAya || saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga- 1. pR. 2. balihArI guru prApaNoM dyo hAr3o ke bAra  /  jini mAniSa te devatA karata na lAgI bAra || kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 1. sasaM khAyA sakala jaga, sasA kinahUM na khaddha, vahI, vahI, pR. 4. jAyasI granthamAlA, pR. 7. g. 2-3. guru sujhA jei paMtha dekhAvA  /  binu guru jagata ko niraguna pAvA || padmAvata. guru hoi prApa, kInha ucelA, jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 33. guru viraha cinagI jo melA  /  jo sulagAi lei so bhelA  //  /  vahI, pR. 51. jAyasI graMthAvalI, stutikhaNDa, pR. 7.

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________________ 231 kara sakeM 12 bhakti-dharma meM sUra ne guru kI AvazyakatA anivArya batalAI hai aura usakA ucca sthAna mAnA hai  /  sadguru kA upadeza hI hRdaya meM dhAraNa karanA cAhie kyoMki vaha sakala bhrama kA nAzaka hotA hai "sadguru ko upadeza hRdaya ghari, jina bhrama sakala nivArayo ||2 sUra guru mahimA kA pratipAdana karate hue karate haiM ki hari zraura guru eka hI svarUpa hai aura guru ke prasanna hone se hari prasanna hote haiN| guru ke binA saccI kRpA karane vAlA kauna hai ? guru bhavasAgara meM DUbate hue ko bacAne vAlA aura satpatha kA dIpaka hai  /  3 sahajobAI bhI kabIra ke samAna guru ko bhagavAna se bhI bar3A mAnatI haiM 14 dAdU lokika guru ko upalakSya mAtra mAnakara asalI guru bhagavAna ko mAnate haiM  /  nAnaka bhI kabIra ke samAna guru kI hI balihArI mAnate hai jisane Izvara ko dikhA diyA anyathA govinda kA milanA kaThina thA  /  sundaradAsa bhI "gurudeva binA nahI mAraga sUjhaya" kahakara isI tathya ko prakaTa karate haiM  / " tulasI ne bhI moha bhrama dUra hone aura rAma ke rahasya ko prApta karane meM guru ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai| rAmacaritamAnasa ke prArambha me hI guru vandanA karake use manuSya ke rUpa meM karuNAsindhu bhagavAna mAnA hai  /  guru kA upadeza ajJAna ke aMdhakAra ko dUra karane ke lie aneka sUryo ke samAna hai 1. 6. 2. 3. sUrasAgara, pada 416, 417; sUra aura unakA sAhitya, 4. paramesura se guru bar3e gAvata veda purAna - saMtasudhAsAra, pR. 182 5. prAcArya kSitimohana sena-dAdU aura unakI dharmasAdhanA, pATala santa vizeSAMka, 7. baMdaU gurupada kaMja kRpA sindhu nararUpa hari  /  mahAmoha tama puMja jAsu vacana ravi kara nikara  //  8. joga vidhi madhubana sikhihaiM jAi  /  binu guru nikaTa sadesani kaise, avagAhyau jAi  /  sUrasAgara (sabhA), pada 4328 vahI, pada 336. bhAga 1, pR. 112. balihArI guru prANoM dyI hAMr3I ke baar| jini mAniSateM devatA karata na lAgI bAra  //  guru graMtha sAhiba, ma 1, prAsAdIvAra, pR. 1 sundaradAsa graMthAvalI, prathama khaNDa, pR. 8 rAmacaritamAnasa, bAlakANDa 1-5

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________________ kabIra ke samAna hI tulasI ne bhI saMsAra ko pAra karane ke lie guru kI ti anivArya mAnI hai  /  sAkSAt brahmA aura viSNu ke samAna vyaktitva bhI, guru ke nA saMsAra se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| sadguru hI eka aisA dRr3ha karNadhAra hai jo ke durlabha kAmoM ko bhI sulabha kara detA hai karanadhAra sadguru dRr3ha nAvA, durlabha sAja sulabha kari pAyA  /  madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI guru ko isase kama mahatva nahIM diyaa| hoMne to guru ko vahI sthAna diyA hai jo prarhanta ko diyA hai| paMca parameSThiyoM meM 1 ko deSa mAnA pora zeSa cAroM ko guru rUpa svIkArA hai  /  ye sabhI "durita harana dArida dona" ke kAraNa hai  /  kabIrAdi ke samAna kuzala lAbha ne zAzvata sukha upalabdhi ko guru kA prasAda kahA hai-"zrI guru pAya prasAda sadA sukha sapajai * rUpacanda ne bhI yahI mAnA  /  banArasIdAsa ne sadguru ke upadeza ko megha kI mA dI hai jo saba jIvoM kA hitakArI hai| mithyAtvI aura prazAnI use grahaNa karate para samyagdRSTi jIva usakA prAzraya lekara bhava se pAra ho jAte hai| anyatra sthala para banArasIdAsa ne use "sasAra sAgara tarana tArana guru jahAja khiye" kahA hai  /  mIrA ne 'sagurA' aura 'nigurA' ke mahatva ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kahA hai ki rA ko amRta kI prApti hotI hai aura nigurA ko sahaja jala bhI pipAsA kI ta ke lie upalabdha nahI hotaa| sadguru ke milana se hI paramAtmA kI prApti guru binu bhavanidhi tarai na koI jo viraMci saMkara sama hoI  /  bina guru hohi ki jJAna jJAna ki hoi virAga vinu  /  rAmacaritamAnasa uttarakANDa, 93 vahI, uttarakANDa, 4314 banArasIvilAsa, pacapada vidhAna, 1-10 pR. 162-163. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 117. jyauM vara5 varaSA same, megha akhaMDita dhAra  /  tyo sadguru vAnI khira, jagata jIva hitakAra  /  /  nATaka samayasAra, 6, pR. 338. vahI, sAdhya sAdhaka dvAra, 15-16 pR. 242-3. banArasI vilAsa, bhASAsUkta ma.ktAvalI, 14, pR. 24

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________________ 233 hotI hai| rUpacanda kA kahanA hai ki sadguru kI prApti bar3e saubhAgya se hotI hai isa lie ve usakI prApti ke lie apane iSTa se abhyarthanA karate haiN| cAnatarAya ko "jo taja virya kI prAsA, bAnata pAvaM sivavAsA  /  yaha sadguru sIkha batAI, kAhUM virala ke jiya jAI" ke rUpa meM apane sadguru se pathadarzana milA  /   /  santoM ne guru kI mahimA ko do prakAra se vyakta kiyA hai- sAmAnya guru kA mahatva aura kisI viziSTa vyakti kA mahatva  /  kabIra aura nAnaka ne prathama prakAra palapanAyA tathA sahajobAI mAdi anya santoM ne prathama prakAra ke sAtha hI dvitIya prakAra ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai  /  jaina santoM ne bhI ina donoM prakAroM ko apanAyA hai| mahata prAdi sadguruSoM kA to mahatvagAna prAyaH sabhI jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai para kuza lAbha jaise kucha bhakto ne apane lokika guruSoM kI bhI pArAdhanA kI hai|  /  guru ke isa mahatva ko samajhakara hI sAdhaka kaviyoM ne guru ke satsaMga ko prApa karane kI bhAvanA vyakta kI hai| paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karAne vAlA hI sadAha hai  /  satsaMga kA prabhAva aisA hotA hai ki vaha majITha ke samAna dUsaroM ko apane raMga meM raga letA hai| kAga bhI hasa bana jAtA hai  / ' raidAsa ke janma-janma ke pAza kaTa 1. satagurU miliyA suchapichAnau aisA brahma maiM paatii| sagurA sUrA amRta pIve nigurA pyAsA jaatii| magana bhayA merA mana sukha meM govinda kA guNa gAtI  /  mIrA kahai ika pAsa mApakI aura sU sakucAtI  //  santa vANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 69. bhaba mauhi sadguru kahi samajhAyo, tau sau prabhU bar3e bhAgani paayo| rUpacanda naTu vinavai tauhI, aba dayAla pUrI de mohI  /  /  hindA pada saMgraha, pR. 49 3., vahI, pR. 127, tulanArtha dekhiye  /  mana vacakAya joga thira karake tyAgo viSaya kssaaii| bAnata svarga mokSa sukhadAI sataguru sIkha batAI  //  vahI, pR, 133. 4. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pR. 117. 5. bhAI koI sataguru sata kahAvai, nainana malakha lakhAva-kavIra; bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 146. 6. dariyA sagata sAdhu kI, sahaja palaTe aMga  /  -- jaise saM gamajITha ke kapar3A hoya suraMga  /  dariyA 8, saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 129 7. sahajosaMgata sASa kI kAga haMsa ho jAya  /  mahobAI, vahI, pR. 158

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________________ 234 jAte haiM  /  mIrA satsaMga pAkara hI hari carcA karanA cAhatI hai  / " satsaMga se vuSTa bhI vaise hI sudhara jAte haiM jaise pArasa ke sparza se kudhAtu lohA bhI svarNa bana jAtA hai  /  " isalie sUra duSTa janoM kI saMgati se dUra rahane ke lie prerita karate haiM  / ' madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne bhI hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne tulasI ke samAna satsaMgati 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. satsaMga kA aisA hI mahatva dikhAyA lAbha ginAye haiM Ange kumati nikada hoya mahA moha maMda hoya, jagamage suyaza viveka jagaM hiyaso  /  nIti ko divya hoya vinaiko baDhAva hoya, upaje uchAha jyoM pradhAna pada liyesoM || dharma ko prakAza hoya durgati ko nAza hoya, barate samAdhi jyoM piyUSa rasa piye soM  /  toSa pari pUra hoya, doSa dRSTi dUra hoya, ete guna hohi saha saMgati ke kiye sauM || kaha raidAsa mileM nijadAsa, janama janama ke kATe pAsa-raidAsa vAnI, pR. 32 taja kusaMga satasaMga baiTha nita, hari carcA suraNa lIjo-samtavAraNI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 77. jalacara thalacara nabhacara nAnA, je jar3a cetana jIva jahAnA | mIta kIrati gati bhUti bhalAI, jaba jehi jalana jahAM jehi pAI  /  sau jAnava satasaMga prabhAU, laukahuM veda na Ana upAU  /  binu satasaMga viveka na hoI, rAma kRpA binu sulabha na soI  /  satasaMgati muda maMgalamUlA, soI phala sidhi saba sAdhana phUlA  /  saTha sudharahi satasaMgati pAI, pArasa parasa kudhAta suhAI  /  tulasIdAsa - rAmacaritamAnasa, bAlakANDa 2-5. tajo mana hari vimukhana ko saMga  /  jinake saMga kumati upajata hai parata bhajana meM maMga  /  kahA hota paya pAna karAye viSa nahi tajata bhujaMga | kAhi kahA kapUra cugAe svAna mhavAe gaMga | sUradAsa khalakArI kAmari, car3he na dUjo raMga  //  sUrasAgara, pR. 176. banArasIvilAsa, bhASAsukta muktAvalI, pR. 50.

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________________ 235 dhAnatarAya kavIra ke samAna unheM kRtakRtya mAnate haiM jinheM satsaMgati prApta ho gayI hai| bhUparamala satsaMgati ko durlabha mAnakara narabhava ko saphala banAmA cAhate haiM pramu guna gAya re, yaha prosara phera na pAya re  //  mAnuSa bhava joga duhelA. durlabha satasagati melA  /  saba bAta bhalI bana pAI, arahanta bhajo re bhAI  // 1 //  dariyA ne satsagati ko majITha ke samAna batAyA aura navala rAma ne use candrakAntamariNa jaisA batAyA hai  /  kavi ne aura bhI dRSTAnta dekara satsaMgati ko sukhadAyI sata saMgati jaga meM sukhadAyI  //  deva rahita dUSaNa guru sAcI, dharma dayA nizca citalAI  //  suka menA saMgatinara kI kari, ati paravIna vaca natA pAI  /  candra kAMti mani prakaTa upala sau, jala sasi dekhi jharata sarasAI  /  /  laTa ghaTa palaTi hota SaTa pada sI, mina ko sAtha bhramara ko thaaii| vikasata kamala nirakhi dinakara koM, loha kanaka hoya pArasa chAI  /  /  bojha tiraM saMjoga nAva kaM, nAga damani lakhi nAga na khoii| pAvaka teja pracaMDa mahAbala, jala maratA sItala ho jaaii|| saga pratApa muyaMgama jai hai, caMdana zItala tarala pttaaii| ityAdika ye bAta dhaNerI, kolo tAhiM kahI nu bddh'aaii|| 1. kara kara sapata saMgata re bhaaii|| pAna parata nara narapata kara sau tau pAnani sau kara praasnaah|| candana pAsa nIMva candana hai kADha car3hayo loha tarajAI  /  pArasa parasa kuSAta kanaka hai bUnda urddha padavI pAI  /  /  karaI tovara saMgati ke phala madhura madhura sura kara gaaii| viSa guna karata saMga proSadha ke jyo baca khAta miTa vAI  /  /  doSa ghaTe pragaTe guna manasA niramala hai taja capalAI  /  cAnata dhanna dhanna jinake ghaTa sata saMgati srdhaaii|| hindI pada saMgraha, pu. 137. 2. vahI, pR. 155. 3. vahI, pR. 158-86.

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________________ isI prakAra kavivara chatrapati ne bhI saMgati kA mAhAtmya dikhAte hue usake bheda kiye haiM-utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya  /  /  isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jana sAdhakoM ne vibhinna upameyoM ke AdhAra dguru aura unakI satsAgati kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai| ye upameya eka dUsare bhAvita karate hue dikhAI dete haiM jo niHsandeha satsaMgati kA prabhAva hai| yahAM STavya hai ki janetara kaviyoM ne satsaMgati ke mAdhyama se darzana kI bAta adhika kI jabaki jaina kaviyoM ne use darzana mizrita rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| tmi-paramAtma-nirUpaNa : prAdhyAtmika dArzanika kSetra me prAtmatattva sarvAdhika vivAda kA viSaya rahA dAntasAra, sUtrakRtAMga aura dIghanikAya meM ina vivAdo ke vividha ullekha milate koI zarIra aura AtmA ko eka mAnate hai aura koI mana ko prAtmA mAnate kucha adhicca-samuppannikavAdI the, kucha ahetuvAdI the, kucha prakriyAvAdI the, kucha vAdI the, kucha ajJAnavAdI the, kucha jJAnavAdI the, kucha zAzvatavAdI the aura kucha vAdI the  /  ye sabhI siddhAnta aikAntikavAdI haiM  /  iname koI bhI siddhAnta AtmA stavika svarUpa para niSpakSa rUpa se vicAra karate hue nahIM dikhAI detA  /  vedAnta dekho svAMti bUnda sIpa mukha parI motI hoya : keli meM kapUra bAsa mAhiM basalocanA  /  Ikha me madhura puni nIma meM kaTuka rasa, pannaga ke mukha parI hoya prAna mocanA  /  /  abuja dalanipari parI motI sama dipa, tapana tabe pe parI nasa kachu socanA  /  utakiSTa madhyama jaghanya jaisoM saMga mila, taisI phala lahai mati pauca mati pocanA  /  / 147 /  /  malaya suvAsa dekho niMbAdi sugandha kare, pArasa pakhAna loha kaJcana karata hai| rajaka prasaga paTa samalate zveta kara, bheSaja prasaMga viSa rogana harata hai  //  paMDita prasaMga jana mUrakhateM budha kara, kASTa ke prasaMga loha pAnI meM tarata hai| jaisI jAko saMga tAko taso phala prApati hai, sajjanaprasaMga saba dukha nivarata hai  /  /  148, manamodana paMcazatI, pR. 70-71. vedAntasAra, pR. 7. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR. 3-5.

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________________ 237 ke anusAra mAsmA svaprakAzaka, nitya, zuddha, satyasvabhAvI aura caitanyayukta hai  /  /  bauddhadarzana meM prAtmA ne pradhyAkRtavAda se lekara nirAmatvAva naka kI yAtrA kI haiN|' janadarzana meM prAtmA jJAnadarzanopayogamayI, amUrtika, kartA,s vadehapariNAmavAn, bhoktA, saMsArastha, siddha aura UrdhvasvabhAvI hai| jIva hai sujJAnamayI cetanA svabhAva dharai, jAnibau jo dekhibau anAdinidhi pAsa hai  /  __ amUrtika sadA rahai aura sau na rUpa gahai, nizcane pravAna jAke mAtama vilAsa hai|| vyohAranaya kartA hai deha ke pramAna mAna, bhoktA sumya duHkhAni ko jaga meM nivAsa hai| zuddha hai viloke siddha karama kalaka vinA, Urddha ko svabhAva jAkI loka agravAsa hai| ____madhyakAlIna hindI santa zrAtmA ke inhIM vibhinna svarUpoM para vicAra karate rahe hai  /  sUphI kavi jAyasI ke prAtmatattva sambandhI vicAra vedAnta, yoga, sUphI, islAma aura jaina dharma se prabhAvita rahe haiM  /  usameM ina sabhI siddhAntoM ko samanvita rUpa meM prastuta karane kI bhAvanA nihita thii| jAyasI kA brahmanirUpaNa sUphiyoM se adhika prabhAvita hai  /  sUphImata meM brahma kI sthiti hRdaya meM mAnI gayI hai aura jagat usakI praticchAyA ke rUpa me digvAI detA hai  /  kavi kA yaha kayana dRSTavya hai jahAM vara karatA hai-kAyA udadhi sadRza hai  /  usI meM paramAtmA rUpI priyatama pratiSThita hai| usI ko zAzvata mAnA hai| prAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra antarmukhI mAdhanA kA phala hai| yaha prAtmA piNDastha mAnI gaI hai| yoga ke anusAra piNDastha prAtmA do prakAra kI hai-prAtAtmA aura prAptavyAtmA  /  sUphiyoM ne bhI prAtmA ke do rUpa svIkAra kiye hai-naphasa (maMsArI) aura rUha (vivekii)| rUha AtmA zarIra ke pUrva vidyamAna rahatI hai  /  paramAtmA hI use manuSya zarIra meM bhejatA hai| isa uccatara AtmA ke bhI tIna pakSa hai-~kalba (dila) rUha (jAna) tathA sirai anta:karaNa)  /  vahA~ sire hI mantaratama rUpa hai  /  isI meM pahuMcakara sUphI sAdhaka AtmA ke darzana karate haiN| imamAtmadvayavAda ko kavi ne sUrya-candra ke pratIkoM se aneka sthAno para vyaMjita kiyA hai| Atmadvaya 1. pratastadbhAsakaM nitya zuddhayukta satyasvabhAvaM pratyakaH  /  /  caitanya mevAtmabhavastviti vedAntavidanubhava:  /  vedAntasAra-saM. hariyatrA, pR. 8. 2. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR. 88. 3. brahmavilAsa, dravyasaMgraha, 2, pR. 33. 4. kAyA udadhi citava piMDA pAhAM  /  dekhe ratana sau hiradaya mAhAM  //  jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 177. 5. vahI, pR. 3. 6. prAju sUra sasi ke ghara mAyA  /  sasi sUrahi janu hoi merAvA, vahI, pR. 123.

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________________ 238 meM eka zuddhAtmA hai aura dUsarI nimnAtmA  /  mAyA ke naSTa ho jAne para donoM kA dvaitabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai  /  vedAnta meM mAyA (naphasa) kA hanana jJAna se hotA hai para sUphImata meM Izvara prema se sAdhaka usase mukta hotA hai  /  jAyasI ne bhrAtmA kI jJAnarUpatA, sva-para-prakAzakarUpatA, ' nityazuddha, muktarUpatA, caitanya rUpatA parama premAspada rUpatA, Ananda rUpatA, sadarUpatA mIra sUkSmAtisUkSma rUpatA svIkAra kI hai| jAyasI ke isa zrAtmA ke siddhAnta para vedAnta kA prabhAva adhika batAyA jAtA hai  /  para mujhe jainadarzana kA bhI prabhAva dikhAI detA hai  /  1 kabIra ke anusAra jIva aura brahma pRthaka nahIM hai  /  vaha to apane prApako bhavicA 'kAraraNA brahma se pRthak mAnatA hai  /  avidyA aura mAyA ke dUra hone para jIva aura brahma pradvaita ho jAte haiM- 'saba ghaTi aMtari tU hI vyApaka ghaTe sarUpaM soI  /  5 mAtmajJAna zAzvata sukha kI prApti karAne vAlA hai  / " sarvavyApaka hai  / ' avinAzI hai, nirAkAra aura niraMjana hai  /  sUkSmAtisUkSma tathA jyotisvarUpa hai  /  11 ise AtmA kA paramArthika svarUpa kahate haiM  /  usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa mAyA athavA zravidyA se mAta sthiti meM fdAI dekhatA hai  /  vahI saMsAra me janma-maraNa kA kAraNa hai  /  sundaradAsa kA bhI yahI mantavya hai  /  22 0 sUra ne bhI brahma aura jIva meM koI aMtara nahIM maanaa| mAyA ke kAraNa hI jIva apane svarUpa ko vismRta ho jAtA hai- 'prApuna Apuna hI visarayau  / ' mAyA ke 13 dUra hone para jIva prapatI vizuddhAvasthA prApta kara letA hai  / " tulasI ne bhI jIvAtmA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 19. 11. 12. 13. 14. hiya ke joti dIpa vaha sUjhA, jAyasI granthAbalI, vahI, pR. 50. vahI, pR. 57. jAyasI kA padmAvata: kAvya aura darzana, pR. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 105. prApa hI zrApa vicAriye taba kaisA hoI AnaMda re, kabIra graMthAvalI, vahI, pR. 56. vahI, pR. 323. nijasvarUpa niraMjanA, nirAkAra aparaMpAra, vahI, pR. 227. vahI, pR. 73. vahI, pR. 73. satavAnI saMgraha, pR. 107. sUrasAgara, pada 369. vahI, pada, 407. pR. 61. 194-204. pR. 89.

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________________ 239 ko paramAtmA se pRthaka nahIM mAnA  /  mAmA ke vazIbhUta hokara hI vaha apane yathArtha svarUpa ko bhUla gyaa| kavi kA paramAtmA vyApaka hai maura vaha kabIra prAdi ke samAna kevala nirguNa nahIM hI kahA, vaha bhI saguNa hokara bhinna-bhinna avatAra dhAraNa karatA hai| saguNa-nirguNa rAma kI zakti kA vivecana isa kathya ko puSTa jaina santoM ne bhI kabIra Adi santoM ke samAna prAtmA ke nizcaya aura vyavahAra svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| jaina darzana kA prAtmA nizcaya naya se zuddha, buddha aura nirAkAra hai para vyavahAra naya se vaha zarIra pramANa prAkAra grahaNa karatA hai, kartA aura bhoktA hai| AtmA aura zarIra ko bhI vahAM pRthak mAnA gayA hai  /  sUphI sAdhakoM ne prAtmA se paramAtmA taka pahuMcane me cAra avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA hai-zarIyata (zrutAbhyAsa), tarIkata (nAmasmaraNa), hakIkata (mAtmajJAna) aura mAra. phata (paramAtmA meM liin)| jainoM ne AtmA kI inhIM avasthAoM ko tIna avasthAmoM meM antarbhUta kara diyA hai-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| prAtmA hI paramAtmA bana jAtA hai  /  ina sabhI avasthAoM kA varNana hama pIche kara cuke haiM  /  yogIndu muni ne prAtmA ke svarUpa para vicAra karate hue likhA hai ki prAtmA na gaura varNa kA hai, na kRSNA varNa kA, na sUkSma hai, na sthUla hai na brAhmaNa hai, na kSatriya, na vaizya hai, na zUdra, na puruSa hai, na strI, na napuMsaka hai, na taruNa-vRddha Adi  /  vaha to ina sabhI sImAnoM se pare hai| usakA vAstavika svarUpa to zIla, tapa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kA samanvita rUpa hai| appA gaurau kiNhu raNavi, appA rattu rA hoi  /  appA suhasu vi thUNu Na vi, raNAriNau jANe joi  /  / 86 /  appA baMbhaNu baisu Na vi, Na vi khattiuNa vi sesu  /  purisu gAuMsau ittha Na vi, raga riNau muNai asesu  /  / 87 /  /  appA vandau khabaNu raga vi, appA gurau e hoi| appA ligiu ekku Na vi, raNa riNau jANai joi  // 88 //  1. jiya jaba te hari nai bigaanyo| taba se geha nija jaanyo| mAyA vasa sarUpa bisraayo| tehi bhrama teM dAruna duHkha pAyo  /  vinaya. patrikA, 136. 2. vahI, 53. 3. gItAvalI, 5, 5-27

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________________ 240 prapA paMDita muksuNa bi, ravi Isaru sabi pI  /  /  taruNau bUr3hau bAlu gAvi, aNNu vi kamma visesu  // 9111 appA saMjamu sIlu tau, mappA vaMsaNu pANu  /  appA sAsaya mokkha pau, jANatau mappANu 19301 muni rAmasiMha ne bhI prAtmA ke isI svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| kabIra bhI yahI kahA hai-'barana vivarajita havai rahyA nAM sau syAma na seta  / '3 kabIra mAtmA avinAzI, avikAra aura nirAkAra hai| banArasIdAsa ne bhI mAtmma isI rUpa ko svIkAra kiyA haiavinAsI avikAra paramarasa dhAma hai, samAdhAna sarvajJa sahaja abhirAma hai| suddha buddha aviruddha anAdi ananta hai  /  jagata ziromaNi siddha sadA jayavanta hai| kabIra kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva aura mAyA ke naSTa hone para prAtmA 6 paramAtmA meM koI aMtara nahIM raha jaataa| jala meM kumbha-kumbha meM jala hai, bAhira bhItara paanii| phUTA kubha jala jalahi mamAnA, yahu jatha kI giyAnI  /  /  jyUbiMva hiM pratibimba samAnA udaka kumbha bigraanaa| kahai kabIra jAni bhrama bhAgA, dhahi jIva samAnA  /  /  banArasIdAsa ne bhI prAtmA-paramAtma rUpa kA aisA hI citraNa kiyA hai piya more ghaTa, mai piyamAhiM  /  jalataraMga jyoM dvividhA nAhi  //  piya mo karatA maiM karatUti  /  piya jJAnI maiM jJAna vibhUti  //   /  piya sukhasAgara maiM sukha sIMva  /  piya zivamaMdira meM zivanIya  /  /  1. paramArthaprakAza, pra. mahA : pAhuDa dohA, 2.5-31. kavIra graMthAvalI, pR. 243. kahai kabIra sabai saja vinasyA, rahe rAma pravinAsI re  /  nija sarUpa niraMjana nirAkAra, aparaMpAra apAra  /  alakha niraMjana lakhai na koI nirarbha nirAkAra hai soi  /  kabIra paMthAvara pR. 210. 227, 230. nATaka samayasAra, pR. 5. 6. kabIra granthAvalI, paracA ko bhaga, pR. 111.

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________________ piya brahmA meM sarasvati nAma  /  piya mAdhava bho kamalA nAma  //  for zaMkara maiM afr bhavAni  /  piya jinavara meM kebalavAni  //  sundaradAsa ne prAtma-paramAtma tattva kI advaitatA, akhaNDatA tathA nirmukhatA kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai brahma nirIha nirAmaya nirguna nitya niraMjana dhIra na bhAse  /  /  brahma prakhaNDita hai pradha karaSa bAhira bhItara brahma prakAsaM  /  brahmahi sUcchama sthUla jahAM lagi brahmahi sAhiba brahmahi dAsaM  /  suMdara aura kachU mata jAnahU brahmahi dekhata brahma tamAse  /  2 tulasIdAsa ne rAma ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue unheM saguNa-nirguNa rUpa mAnA hai| unhoMne brahma ko nitya, nirbhaya, saccidAnanda, jJAnadhana, vimala, vyApaka, siddha prAdi vizeSaNoM se prabhihita kiyA hai nitya nirbhaya, nitya mukta nirmAna hari jJAnadhana saccidAnaMda mUlaM  /  sarvarakSaka sarvabhakSakAdhyakSa kUTastha gUr3hAci bhaktAnukUlaM  // 1 siddhi sAdhaka sAdhya, vAcya vAcaka rUpa maMtra jApaka-jApya, sRSTi saSTA  /  paramakArana kaMjanAbha, saguna, nirgunA sakala- dRzya dRSTA  //  vyoma vyApaka biraja brahma baradesa ba~kuTha vAmana vimala brahmacArI  /  siddha vRndAskAvRMda vaMdita sadA khaMDi pAkhaMDa nirmUlakArI  //  241 pUranAnaMda saMdoha praharana saMmoha prajJAna gunasannipAtaM  /  bacana mana karma gata sarana tulasIdAsa, trAsa pAthodhi iva kuMbhajAnaM  //  3 sUra ko sagurapavAdI kahA jAtA hai para unhoMne nirguNa rUpa kA bhI bhakti - vazAt vyAkhyAna kiyA hai zobhA zramita apAra prakhiNData prApa prAtamArAma  /  pUrana brahma prakaTa puruSottama saba vidhi pUrana kAma  /  zrAdi sanAtana eka anupama pravigata alpa mahAra  /  prakAra zrAdi veda prasura hana nirguNa saguNa apAra  // 14 sUrasAgara ke prathama skandha ke prArambha meM sUradAsa ne parabrahma ke rUpa kI vistRta banArasIvilAsa, pradhyAtama gIta, pR. 1. 2. sundara vilAsa, pR. 129. vinayapatrikA, 53. 3. 4. sUrasArAvalI, pada 993, pR. 34 ( veMkaTezvara presa) 161.

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________________ Rs AN 242 arrer kI hai  /  aneka aise pada haiM jinameM parabrahma kRSNa ke antayAmI virATa svarUpa, tathA nirguNa svarUpa kA varNana hai  /  ' banArasIdAsa ne bhI paramAtmA ke inhIM saguNa aura nirguNa svarUpa kI stuti kI hai- 'nirguNa rUpa niraMjanadevA, saguNa svarUpa kareM vidhi sevA  /  " eka anyatra sthAna para kavi ne caitanya padArtha ko eka rUpa hI kahA hai para darzana guNa ko nirAkAra cetanA aura jJAnaguNa ko sAkAra cetanA mAnA hai aMjana kA artha mAyA hai aura mAyA se vimukta grAtmA ko niraMjana kahA gayA hai  /  banArasIdAsa ne uparyukta pada meM niraMjana zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kabIra ne bhI niraMjana ko nirguNa aura nirAkAra mAnA hai - nirAkAra cetanA kahAve darasana guna sAkAra cetanA suddha jJAnagunasAra hai  /  cetanA mata doU' cetana dakha mAMhi samAna vizeSa sattA hI ko visatAra hai  //  mo paMde tU niraMjana tU niraMjana raayaa| tere rUpa nAMhI rekha nAhIM, mudrA nAMhIM mAyA  //  * sundaradAsa ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai-'aMjana yaha jana rAi | sundara upajata dekhie, bahurayo jAi vilAi || meM jo vyakti samasta prAzAnoM ko dUra kara dhyAna dvArA ajapA jApa ko apane prantaHkaraNa meM saMcita karatA hai vaha niraMjana pada ko prApta karatA hai 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. mAsA mAri zrAsana ghari ghaTa meM, ajapA jApa jagAvaM  /  mAnandaghana cetanamaya mUrati nAtha niraMjana pAvaM  //  niraMjana zabda ke ina prayogoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina zraura jainetara kaviyoM ne ise paramAtmA ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai| siddha sarahapAda' aura gorakhanAtha ne 8. mAmA karI, zrApu niraMprAnandaghana kI dRSTi sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 211. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 7 pR. 150. nATaka samayasAra, mokSadvAra, 10, pR. 219 kabIra graMthAvalI, 219, pR. 162. santasudhAsAra, pR.648. mAnandaghana bahoMtarI, pR. 359. suyA riMgaraMjana parama hau, suiNomA sahAya  /  1 bhAvahu citta sahAyatA, jau rAsijjai jAya || dohAkoza, 139, pR. 30. ' udaya na grasta rAti na dina, sarane sacarAcara bhAva na bhinna  /  soI niraMjana DAla na mUla, sarvavyApika suSama na prasthUla || hindI kAvyadhArA, pR. 158.

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________________ bhI isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| niraMjana pAtmA kI yaha sthati hai vahA~ bhASA mathavA mavidyA kA pUrNa vinAza ho jAtA hai aura mAramA kI viduravasthA prApta ho jAtI hai  /  isa avasthA ko sabhI sampradAyoM ne lagabhaga isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai  /  prataeva yaha kathana satya nahIM lagatA ki niraMjana nAmaka koI pRSaka samma dAya thaa| jisakA lagabhaga 12 vIM zatAbdI meM udaya huaA hogaa| DaoN. milAyata se niraMjana sampradAya kA saMsthApaka kabIrapaMthI harIdAsa ko btaayaa| yaha bhrama mAga hai| niraMjana nAma kA na to koI sampradAya hI thA aura na usakA saMsthApaka harIdAsa athavA niraMjana nAmaka koI sahajiyA bauddha siddha hI thaa| isa zabda kA prayoga toM mAtmA kI usa paramocca avasthA ke lie bhAgamakAla se hotA rahA hai jisameM mApA mathavA pravidyA kA pUrNa vinAza ho jAtA hai| yogIndu ne isa zabda kA prayoga bahuta kiyA hai| unakA samaya lagabhaga 8 vIM zatI hai| unhoMne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki niranjana vaha hai jisameM rAgAdika vikAroM meM se eka bhI doSa na hoM jAsuNa vaNNu Na gaMdhu rasu ja suraNa sadu Na phAsu  /  jAsu Na jammaNu maraNu raNavi gAu NiraMjaNu tAsu  //  jAsu raNa kohu Na mohu mau jAsu Na mAya sa mANu  /  jAsu Na ThANu raNa mANu jiya so ji niraMjaNu jaannu|| bhatthi raNa puNNu Na pAu jasu asthi Na harisu bisAu  /  patthi Na ekku vi dosu jasu so ji riparajaNu mAu  / ' 1. kabIra-DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, hindI prantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, __ paMcama saMskaraNa, pR. 52-53. 2. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pR. 354. 3. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pR. 35.5. 4. raMjanaM rAgAyu:-raMjanaM tasmAnnirgatapasthAnAMgasUtra, abhiyAna rAjendra koza, caturtha bhAga, pR. 2108, kalpa subodhikA meM bhI likhA hai-rajanaM rAmAyuparajana tena zUnyatvAta niraJjanam  /  5. paramAtma prakAza, 1-17, 123, 6. madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA-DaoN. hamArItrasAda zivI, pra. saMskaraNa, 1952 pR. 44. 7. paramAtma prakAza, pR. 27-28.

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________________ 244 banArasIdAsa ne bhI isI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai  /  usI niraMjana kI unhoMne vadanA kI hai| vahI paramaguru aura apamaMjaka hai| bhagavAna kA yahI nirguNa svarUpa yathArtha svarUpa hai  /  tulasI kA brahma bhI mUlata: nirguNaparaka hI hai  /  isI ko niSphala brahma bhI kahA jAtA hai  /  allAha, karIma, rahIma prAdi sUphI nAmoM ke prati rikta pAtmA guru, haMsa, rAma prAdi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga nirguNI santoM ne brahma ke artha meM kiyA hai  /  jainAcAryoM ne bhI inameM se adhikAMza zabdoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai  /  yaha jinasahasranAma se spaSTa hai  /  saguNa paramparA kA bhI unhoMne prAdhAra liyA hai| brahmatva nirUpaNa meM yahAM ekatvavAda kI pratiSThA kI gaI hai jisameM adhyAtma kA sarasa nirmala jala siMcita humA hai  /  sAkAra vigraha ke varNana meM brahma ke virATa svarUpa kA darzana hotA hai| pradatatA aura akhaNDatA kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai  /  isI ko anirvacanIya aura agocara bhI kahA gayA hai| ye sabhI tattva saguNa-nirguNa bhakta kaviyoM ke sAhitya meM hInAdhika bhAva se milate haiM  /  jaina kaviyoM kI bhakti bhI saguNA aura nirguNA rahI hai  /  ataH unakA AtmA aura brahma bhI uparyukta vizeSaNoM se mukta nahIM ho skaa| nisAnI kahA batAu re tero vacana agocara rUpa  /  rUpI kaha to kachu nAhI re, kaise bagha prarUpa  /  /  rUpA rUpI jo kahU~ pyAre, aise na siddha anUpa  /  siddha sarUpI jo kahUM pyAre, bandhana mokSa vicAra  //  siddha sanAtana jo kaha re, upaje viNase koNa  /  upaja virAsa jo kahU pyAre, nitya pravAdhita gauna  //  1. parama niramjana paramaguru paramapuruSa paradhAna  /  bandahaM parama samAdhigata, apamaMjana bhagavAna  //  banArasIvilAsa, karmachattIsI, pacha 1, pR. 136. 2. prAnandadhana bahottarI, pR. 365. tulanArtha dekhie bAbA pAtma bhagocara kaisA tAtai kahi samujhAvoM aisA  /  jo dIsa so to hai vo nAhIM, hai so kahA na jaaii| mainA bainA kahi samajhAmo, mUge kA gur3a bhaaii| duSTi na dIsa muSTi na mAva, vinasa nAhi niyArA  /  aisA gyAna kathA guru mere, paNDita karo vicArA  /  /  kabIra, pR. 126.

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________________ 245 2. prapatta-bhAvanA DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne 'kabIra kA rahasyavAda' meM rahasyavAda kI bhUmikA cAra pramukha tatvoM se nirmita batalAyI hai-pAstikatA, prema aura bhAvanA, guru kI pradhAnatA aura mArga  /  ye cAroM tattva prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kI prAdhyAtmika paura dArzanika paramparA se jur3e huye haiN| 'mAstikatA' kA tAtparya hai prAtmA aura paramAtmA ke mastitva para vizvAsa karanA  /  'prema aura bhAvanA' kA sambandha apane bhArAdhya ke prati vyakta mAdhyAtmika prema se hai| isa prema ke antargata prapatti mUlaka dAmpatya prema kI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai| 'guru' paramasatya kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA hotA hai aura 'mArga' me sAkSAtkAra karane kA patha nirdiSTa kiyA jAtA hai  /  upayukta tattvoM meM se hama prAstikatA aura guru para pIche vicAra kara cuke haiN| prema ko hama dUsare zabdoM me bhakti-prapatti kaha sakate haiN| prapatti kA tAtparya hai apane iSTadeva ke zaraNa meM jAnA  /  sAdhaka kI bhakti use isa prapatti kI mora le jAtI hai  /  anukUla kA saMkalpa athavA vyavahAra karanA, prAtikUlya kA chor3anA, bhagavAna rakSA kareMge aisA vizvAsa honA, bhagadguNoM kA varNana, bhAtma nikSepa aura dInatA ina chaH aMgoM ke mAdhyama se bhakta apane ArAdhya kI zaraNa meM jAtA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI santoM meM prapanna bhaktoM ke lagabhaga sabhI guNa upalabdha hote haiN| "anukUlyasma saMkalpa" kA tAtparya hai bhagavAna ke anukUla mAcaraNa karanA, aise satkArya karanA jo bhagavadbhakti ke lie mAvazyaka hoN| kabIra kA cintana hai ki prAtmA kI vizuddha pariNiti hari kA darzana kiye binA nahIM ho sakatI-'hari na mile bina hiradai sUdha  /  usake binA to vaha jala meM se se dhUta nikAlane ke samAna asambhava hai-'hRdaya kapaTa mukha gyAMnI, jhUThe kahA vilobasi paanii| tulasI pazcAttApa karate hue yaha pratijJA karate haiM ki abhI taka to unhoMne apanA samaya vyartha gaMvAyA para aba cintAmariNa mila gayA hai  /  use yoM hI vyartha nahIM jAne deNge| aba loM nasAnI, aba na nsNhoN| rAma kRpA bhAva-nisA sirAnI, jAge phira na Dasa hoN| pAyeU nAma cAru cintAmani, urakara te na ssehoN| syAma rUpa suci rucira kasauTI, citta kaMcanahi ksaihoN| 1. pAMcarAtra, lakSmI saMhitA sAdhanAMka, pR. 60. 2. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 214. 3. vahI, pR. 332.

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________________ 246 hasahoM  /  garabasa jAni haruko ina dina basa hai na mana madhukara pana ke tulasI pada kamala vasaihoM  /  1 isa prakAra rUpacanda bhagavAn ke zaraNa meM jAkara yaha kahate hue dikhAI dete 6- 'abhI taka unhoMne svayaM ko nahIM pahicAnA 1 mana vAsanA meM lIna rahA; indriyAM viSayoM kI ora daur3atI rahIM  /  para maba tumhArI zaraNa milane se eka mArga mila gayA hai jo bhava duHkha ko dUra kara degA-- prabhu tere pada kamala nija na jAne || mana madhukara rasa rasi kuvasi, kumayo aba pramata na rati mAnaM  /  aba lagi lIna rahyo kuvAsanA, kuvisana kusuma suhAne  /  bhIjyoti vAsanA rasa yasa pravasa vara sayAhi bhulAnaM  /  zrI nivAsa saMtApa nivArana nirUpama rUpa marUpa bakhAne  /  muni jana sabahasa ju sevita, sura nara sira saramAne  //  bhava dukha tapani tapata jana pAe, ama-praga sahatAne  /  rupacandha cita bhayo anadasu nAhi ne banatu bakhAne || yA bhagavatIdAsa ho ketana so mati kauna harI maurakumudacanda "cevana ghetata 'kisa' bAbare" kahakara yahI bhAva vyakta karate haiN| kabIra bAhya kriyAmo ko vyartha kahate haiM aura tulasIdAsa idriya vAsanA kI bAta karate haiM para bhagavatI rAga dhora lobha ke prabhAva se AyI huI mithyAmata ko hI dUra karane kA saMkalpa lie hue baiThe hai +3 'prAtikUlasya varjanam' kA tAtparya hai bhagavad bhakti me upasthita pratikUla bhAvo kA tyAga karanA  /  'hirade kapaTa hari nahi sAMco, kahA bhayo je anahada nAcyauM' jaise uddharaNoM me kabIra ne mAyA, kapaTa krodha lobha prAdi dUSita bhAvo ko tyAgane kA saMketa kiyA hai  / " mIrA bhI mere to giradhara gopAla dUsarA na koI 'kahakara bhakti me vighna DAlane vAle parivAra ke logo ko tyAga detI hai|" tulasI ne bhI' jAke priya na rAma vaidehI  /  so chAr3iye koTi berI sama jadyapi parama sanehI' kahakara pratikUla 1. 2. 3. vinaya patrikA, 105. hindI pada sagraha, pR. 32-33 brahmavilAsa, pR. 116. 4. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 183. 5. mere to giradhara gopAla dUsarA na koI  //  jAke sira mora mukuTa mero pati soI  /  tAta mAta bhrAta bandhu apanA nahi koI  /  chor3a daI kula kI kAni kyA karihai koI || "

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________________ 247 sthiti ko chor3A hai|' vaktarAma sAha ne 'ina karmoM se merA jI karadA ho  / ' kahakara karmoM ko dUra karane ke lie kahA hai aura daulatarAma ne chor3a de yA buddhi morI, vRthA tana se rati jorI' mAnakara zarIrAdi se moha naSTa karane ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai  / "  / " ko nAma ko nAma kalpataru "rakSiSyatIti vizvAsaH " kA artha hai--- -- bhakta ko yaha pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAna hamArI rakSA kreNge| kabIra ko bhagavAna me dRr3ha vizvAsa haiM- "aba mohI rAma bharoso terA, aura kauna kA karo nihArA tulasI ko bhI pUrA vizvAsa hai - " bharoso jAhi dUsaro sau kro| moko to kali kalyAna karo | "4 sUra ne bhI 'ko ko na tarayo hari nAma liye' kahakara vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai| mIrA ko vizvAsa hai ki he prabhu, maiM to prApake zaraNa hU~, bhApa kisI na kisI taraha tAreMge hii| eka anyatra pada meM mIrA vizvAsa ke sAtha kahatI hai-- hari more jIvana prAna pradhAra bhaura bhAsiro nAhI tuma bina tIna loka maMjhAra 18 navalarAma ko bhI vizvAsa hai ki vItarAga kI zaraNa meM dUra ho jAyege aura mukti prApta kara leMge  / " dyAnatarAya ko bhI jinadeva samAna anya koI sAmarthyavAna deva nahIM milA  /  kevala jIvani ko tArane meM samartha haiM  /  kabIra tulasI ke samAna dyAnatarAya ko bhagavAna meM pUrNa vizvAsa hai- - aba hama nemi jI kI zaraNa aura Thaura mana lagata hai brAMDa prabhu ke zarana  /  rAma 1. vinaya patrikA, 174. 2. "goptRtva varaNa" kA tAtparya hai- ekAnta me bhavasAgara se pAra hone ke lie bhagavadguNoM kA citana karanA  /  kabIra ne 'niramala rAma guNa gAve, so bhagatAM hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 165, 223. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 124. vinaya patrikA, 226. sUrasAgara, pada 89. mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 260, pada 14 vAM, pR. 262. hindI pada saMgraha. pR. 174 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. hindI pada saMgraha, pU. 140. rahane se sabhI pApa tInoM bhavanI meM jinendra hI bhava yAnatarAya saMgraha, kalakattA, 28 vAM pada, pR. 12.

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________________ 248 sere mana bhAva' ke mAdhyama se isakA varNana kiyA hai  /  tulasI ne 'kRpA sodho kahA~ bisArI rAma  /  jehi karunA muni zravana dIna duHkha dhAvata ho taji dhAma' likhakara rAma ke guNoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| mIrA meM zaraNa aba tihArI jI mohi rAkhoM kRpAnidhAna kahakara prabhu ke guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai  / " isI prakAra vastarAma sAha apane prabhu ke pratirikta isa jaga meM dUsaroM ko dAnI nahIM samajhate haiM  /  usI kI kRpA se unake hRdaya me ananta sukha upajA haituma darasana teM deva sakala madha miTi hai mere || kRpA tihArI teM karuraNA nidhi, upajyo sukha acheva  /  aba lau nihAre carana kamala kI karI na kabahU seva  //  pravahU saranaM prAyo saba chUTa gayo ahameva  //  tuma se dAnI aura na jaga me, jAcata ho taji bheva  /  vaktarAma ke hiye raho tuma bhakti karana kI Teba 114 "mAtmanikSepa" kA artha hai| bhakta svayaM ko bhagavAna ke pradhIna kara de  /  kabIra ne 'jo paM pativratA hai nArI kaise hI rahausI piyahi pyArI  /  ' tana mana jIvana saupi sarIrA  /  tATi suhAgina kahai kabIrA' se zrAtmanikSepa kI zarta mAna lI  /  tulasIdAsa ne bhI 'mere rAvariye gati hai raghupati bali jAu  /  nilaja nIca niradhana niraguna kahUM jaga dUsaro na ThAkura lAu' kahakara svayaM ko prabhu ke lie samarpita kara diyA hai| 8 mIrA bhI "maiM to yArI saraNa parI re rAmA jyU tAre tyU taaraa| mIrA dAsI "rAma bharose jama kA phadA nivAra' kahakara pUrNatayA bhagavAna ke adhIna hai use tAranA ho vaise tAro  / " jaina kavi bhI svayaM ko bhagavAna ke adhIna kara unase bhAva vihvala ho mukti kI kAmanA karate dRSTigocara hote hai  /  vakhtarAma sAha - 'tuma vina nahi tAraM koi  /  dIna jAni bAbA vastA ka~, karo ucita hai soI' kahakara dyAnatarAya" - aba hama nemi jI kI zarana  /  dAsa khAnata dayAnidhi prabhu, kyo tajeMge marana' zraura 'aba mohe tAra 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 127. vinaya patrikA, 93 mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 260-61. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 163. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 133. vinaya patrikA, 153, mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pRSTha 259. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 164, 8. 9. vahI, pR. 140.

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________________ 249 laihu mahAvIra" kahakara aura daulatarAma 'jAU' kahAM taja dharama vihArI" kahakara isI bhAva kI abhivyaMjanA kI hai  /  kArpaNya-bhakti ke isa raMga meM sAdhaka apanI dInatA vyakta karatA hai  /  kabIra ne 'jihi ghaTi rAma rahe bharapUri, tAkI maiM caranana kI pUri' tathA 'kabIrA kUtA rAma kA mutiyA merA nAU" jaise uddharaNoM meM apanI dInatA aura vinaya kA pradarzana kiyA hai| tulasI ne 'jAU' kahAM taji carana tumhAre  /  kAko nAma patita pAvana ? kehi ati dIna piyAre ?' mIrA bhI 'aba maiM saraNa tihAroM mohi rAkho kRpAnidhAna' kahakara apanI kicanatA vyakta karatI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne bhI bhakti ke isa raMga ko usI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jagatarAma ko prabhu ke binA aura dUsarA koI sahAyaka nahIM dikhtaa| aura dUsare to svArthI haiM para prabhu unheM paramArthI lagate haiM-- prabhu vina kona hamArau sahAI  //  aura sabai svAratha ke sAthI, tuma yAte carana sarana prAye haiM, mana bhUdharadAsa ne bhI bhagavAna jinendra ko araja sunAI hai ki tuma dInadayAlu ho aura maiM saMsArI dukhiyA hU~  / " isI prakAra kI dInatA sUradAsa ke vinaya ke padoM meM bhI bikharI dikhAI par3atI hai 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. dInatA ke sAtha sabhI bhaktoM ne apane doSoM aura pazcAttApoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai | bhagavAna dayAlu hai vaha apane bhaktoM ko doSa dete hue bhI bhava samudra se pAra lagA deMge | tulasIdAsa ne vinaya patrikA me 'mAdhava mo samAna jaga nAhIM  /  saba vidhi hIna, malIna, dIna prati, lIna viSaya kou nAhI  /  /  kahakara apanI dInatA vyakta kI 7. 8. paramAratha bhAI  //  paratIta upAI  //  aba lau kaho, kauna dara jAU ? tuma jagapAla, catura cintAmani, dInabandhu suni nAu  //  " vahI, pR. 101. vahI, pR. 216. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 26. vinaya patrikA, 101. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 101. graho jagata guru deva, suniyo paraja hmaarii| tuma ho dInadayAlu, maiM dukhiyA saMsArI  /  /  bhUdharadAsa, jinastuti, jJAnapITha pUjAjalI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, chaThA khaNDa, pahalA padya, pR. 522. sUrasAgara, prathama skandha, 165 vAM pada, pu. 54. vinaya patrikA, 144 vAM pada, pR. 213.

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________________ 250 hai| isI prakAra maiyA bhavasIdAsa ne cetana ke dhoSoM ko ginAkara, use bhagavAna kA bhajana karane kI bAta kahI hai| isa prakAra madhyakAlIna hindI jaina santoM meM prapatti bhAvanA ke sabhI aMga ... upalabdha hote haiN| inake atirikta zravaNa, kIrtana, citavana, sevana, vandana, dhyAna, samatA, samatA, ekatA, dAsyabhAva, sakhyabhAva prAdi navadhAbhakti tatva bhI milate haiN| ina natvoM kI eka prAcIna lambI paramparA hai  /  vedoM, smRtiyoM sUtroM, pAgamoM aura piTakoM meM inakA paryApta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI jaina aura jainetara kAya unase niHsandeha prabhAvita dikhAI dete haiM  /  ina tasvoM meM nAmasmaraNa vizeSa ullekhanIya hai  /  saMsAra sAgara se pAra hone ke lie sAdhakoM ne isakA vizeSa prAzraya liyA hai| sUphiyoM kA mArphata aura vaiSNavoM kA Atma nivedana donoM eka hI mArga para calate hai  /  zravaNa-kIrtana Adi prakAra bhI sUphiyo se zarIyata, tarIkata, hakIkata paura mArphata mAdi jaise tatvoM meM nAmAntarita hue haiN| sUphiyoM, vaiSNavo aura jainoM ne mAtmasamarpaNa ko samAna stara para svIkArA hai, sUphI sAdhanA meM isI ko jikra aura phika saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai  /  jAyasI kA vicAra hai ki prakaTa meM to sAdhaka sAMsArika kArya karatA rahe para mana hI mana ArAdhya kA dhyAna karate rahanA cAhie'paragaTa loka cAra kaha bAtA, guputa lAu mana jAsoM raataa| sura ke anusAra mahAn se mahAn pApI bhI hari ke nAmasmaraNa se bhavasAgara ko pAra kara letA hai-ko ko na tArayo lIlA hari nAka liye  /  "hari-guNa avae se hI zazvita sukha milatA hai, jo yaha lIlA sune sunAI so hari bhakti pAi sukha pAve dariyA ne nAma binA bhAvakarma kA naSTa honA asaMbhava-sA kahA hai|" tulasI ne bhI nAma smaraNa kI zreSThatA digdazita kI hai|' banArasIdAsa ne jina sahasranAma meM aura dyAnatarAya ne cAnata pada saMgrahame isakI vizeSatA kA varNana kiyA hai| 1. bhagavaMta bhajI su tajo paramAda, samAdhi ke saga meM raMga rho| aho cetana tyAga parAi subuddhi, gaho nija zuddhi jyoM sakkha laho  /  /  tama jJAyaka ho SaT dravyana ke, tina so hita jAni ke pApa kho|| brahmavilAsa, zataka praSTottarI, 12 pR. 31. 2. bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda, pR. 221-226. 3. jAyasI anya mAlA 4. sUrasAgara, pada 89 5. sarasAgara 6. santavANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 153. 7. tulasI rAmAyaNa, bAla kANDa, 120.

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________________ 251 1 pAdasevana, bandana aura prarcana ko bhI ina kaviyoM ne apane bhAvoM meM bA hai  /  kabIra ne sevA ko hI haribhakti mAnI hai jo sevaka sevA kareM tAre murAri sUrasAgara kA to prathama pada hI caraNa kamaloM kI vandanA se prArambha kiyA gayA hai  / " mIrA ne bhI bhAI mhogovinda guna gAsthA" kahakara 'bhaja mana caraNa kamala pravinAzI' likhA hai  / ' mAnandavana prabhu ke caraNoM meM vaise hI mana lagAnA cAhate haiM jaise gAyoM kA mana saba jagaha ghUmate hue bhI unake bachar3oM meM lagA rahatA hai  /  anya kavi rUpavada, chatrapati, budhajana prAdi ne apane padoM meM inhIM bhAvoM ko vyakta kiyA hai| isa prakAra prapasa bhAvanA madhyakAlIna hindI jaina maura jaivetara kAvya meM samAna rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI hai| upAlambha, pAttApa, laghutA samatA zrIra ekatA, jaise tatva bhAvabhakti me yathAvat upalabdha hote haiN| ina kaviyoM ke padoM ko tulanAtmaka dRSTi se dekhane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve eka dUsare se kisI sImA taka prabhAvita rahe haiM  /  sahaja yoga sAdhanA aura samarasatA yoga sAdhanA prAdhyAtmika rahasya kI upalabdhi ke lie eka sarapekSa aMga hai| sindhu ghATI ke utkhanana meM prApta yogI kI mUrtiyA usakI prAcIna paramparA ko prastuta karane ke lie paryApta haiN| Rgveda ( 1 10.6) bhora yajurveda (.12. 18) me yoga kA vivaraNa milatA hai  /  yogasUtra meM yoga ke bATha aMga batAye gaye haiM-yama, niyama, prAsana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhyAna, dhAraNA aura samAdhi  /  caina-bauddha dharma me bhI yoga kA vivecana milatA hai  /  sAdhAraNataH yoga kA tAtparya hai--yogacittavRttinirodhaH prarthAt mana-vacana kAya ko ekAgra karanA 18 usakA vizeSa prarthaM hai - piMDasya mrAtmA kA paramAtmA meM antarbhAva  /  uparyukta bhraSTAMga yoga ko spavahArataH 1. kabIra prathAvalI, pR. 88 2. 3. 4. sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 240. mIrA (kAzI) pada 101. DAkora pada 2. 5. mAnandaghana pada saMgraha, pada 96. pR. 413. 6. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 33,258,195. 7. bauddha saMskRti kA itihAsa, pR. 260-301. 8. pAtaMjala yoga zAstra, 1-2. 9. haThayoga pradIpikA kI bhUmikA yogI zrInivAsa pAyaMgAra, pR. 6

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________________ 252 cAra aMgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-mantra yoga, layayoga, haThayoga bhaura rAjayoga  /  bAva meM surati yoga cora sahajayoga kI bhI sthApanA huI  /  madhyakAlIna hindI jana-janetara kAvya meM bhI yogasAdhanA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai  /  jAyasI ne praSTAMga yoga ko svIkAra kiyA hai  /  yama-niyamoM kA pAlana karanA yoga hai  /  yama pAMca haiM - prahisA, satya, asteya brahmacarya aura aparigraha  /  jAyasI ko ina para pUrNa mAsthA thI  /  'niThura hoI jiu badhasi parAvA, hatyA kera na tohi usa prAvA' tathA 'rAja' kahA satya kaha suprA, binu sana jasa seMbara kara bhUnA zrAdi jaise uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai  /  niyama ke antargata zauca, santoSa, tapa svAdhyAya aura Izvara praNidhAna ko rakhA gayA hai| jAyasI ne ina niyamo ko bhI yathAsthAna svIkAra kiyA hai| jIva tatva ko brahmatatva me milA denA prathavA zrAtmA ko paramAtmA se sAkSAtkAra karA denA yoga kA mukhya uddezya hai  /  ina donoM tatvoM ko sAdhakoM aura prAcAryoM ne bhinna-bhinna nAma diye haiM  /  jAyasI ne sUrya aura candra ko pratIka mAnA hai  /  kucha yogiyoM ve ir3A-piMgalA ko candra-sUrya rUpa meM vyajita kiyA hai  /  nAr3I sAdhanA me bhI jAyasI kI dhAsthA rahI hai| prANa, apAna, samAna, udAna, vyAna, nAsa, kUrma, kukara, devadatta aura ghananjaya ye dasa vAyueM nAr3iyoM meM hokara sUrya tatva ko UrdhvamukhI aura candratatva ko adhomukhI kara dono kA milana karAtI haiM  /  yahI prajapA jApa hai  /  jAyasI ajapAjApa se sambhavataH paricita nahIM the para japa ke mahatva ko avazya jAnate the 'Asana lei rahA hoi tapA, padmAvatI japA' 13 nAr3iyoM meM pAca nAr3iyAM pramukha hai jinakA yoga sAdhanA meM adhika mahatva mahatva haiir3A, pigalA, suSumnA, citrA zrIra brahma  /  kuNDalinI sAdhanA ke sandarbha me mahAmudrA, mahArgha nivarIta karaNI bhAdi mudrAye adhika upayogI hai  /  haThayogI kuNDalinI kA upasthApana karatA huA SaTcako (mUlAdhAra, svAdhiSThAna, maNipUraka, vizuddha, zrAjJA zraura sahasrAra) kA bhedana karatA hai  /  kucha granthoM me tAla, nirvANa aura prAkAzacandra ko bhI jor3a diyA gayA hai  /  jAyasI ne 'bhavo khaNDa nava paurI aura tahaM vastra kivAraM ' kahakara ina cakroM para vizvAsa vyakta kiyA hai  /  unhone yogI-yoganiyoM ke svarUpa para bhI carcA kI hai  /  jAyasI zrAdi sUphI kaviyoM ne yoga kI zuSkatA aura jaTilatA ko tIna prakAra se abhivyakta kiyA hai  /  DaoN. triguNAyata ne 'jAyasI kA padmAvata' kAvya 1. 2. yoga upaniSad, pR. 367. jAyasI granthAvalI, pU. 31. 3. vahI, pR. 38. 4. bahI, pU. 101.

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________________ 253 aura darzana meM jAyasI ke haThayogika rahasyavAda ke tIna rUpoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai-1. bhAvanA yA premabhAva ke prAvaraNa meM prAvRtta 2. prakRti ke prAvaraNa meM mAvRtta 3. jaTila abhivyakti ke prAvaraNa meM prAvRtta  /  kuNDalinI ke ubuddha aura prANavAyu ke sthira ho jAne para sAdhaka zUnyapatha se anahadanAda ko sunatA hai  /  isake lie kAma, krodha, mada aura lobha mAdi vikAroM ko dUra karanA Avazyaka hai| kabIra ne bhI yoga sAdhanA kI hai  /  unhoMne "na maiM joga citta lAyA, bina barAga na chUTa si kAyA" kahakara yoga kA mUlyAMkana kiyA hai  /  kabIra ne haThayogI sAdhanA bhI kii| unhoMne SaTkarma Asana, mudrA, prANAyAma aura kuNDalinI utthApana kI bhI kriyAye kI  /  haThayogI kriyAnoM se mana ucaTa jAne para kabIra ne mana ko kendrita karane ke lie layayoga kI sAdhanA prArambha kI jise kabIra paMtha meM 'zabdasurati-yoga' kahA jAtA hai  /  sabda ko nitya aura vyApaka mAnA gayA hai  /  isalie zabda-brahma kI upAsanA kI gaI hai-'anahada zabda uThaM jhanakAra, tahaM prabhu baiThe samaratha mAra  / ' isakI siddhi ke lie jJAna ke mahatva ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| kabIra ne dhyAna ke lie ajapA jApa aura nAmajapa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne bahimuMkhI vRttiyoM ko antarmukhI kara ulaTI cAla se brahma ko prApta karane kA prayatna 1. suruja cAMda ke kathA jo kaheU  /  prema kahAnI lAi citta bAheU, jAyasI paura unakA padmAvata, banijArA khaNDa-rAmacandra zukla 'cAMda ke raMga meM sUraja raMga gayA', vahI ratnasena bheMTa khaNDa  /  2. gar3ha para nIra khIra dui nadI  /  panihArI jaise durapadI  //  aura kuMDa eka motI curU  /  pAnI amRta, kIca kapUrU  /  3. nau porI tehi gar3ha majhiyArA  /  pro taha phirahiM pAMca kottvaaraa| dasavaM dupAra guputa eka tAkA  /  Agama car3hAva, bATa suThi bAMkA  //  bhedai jAi soi vaha ghaattii| jo lahi bheda, caDha hoI caaNttii| gar3ha tara kuMDa, suraMga tehi maahaaN| tahaM vaha paMtha kahIM tohi pAhA~  /  cora baiTha jasa saighi saMvArI  /  jumrA paiMta jasa lAva jupArI  /  /  jasa marajiyA samudra dhaMsa, hAtha pAva taba sIpa  /  Dhadi lei jo saraga-dupArI caDhe sau siMhaladvIpa  /  /  vahI, pArvatI maheza khaMDa' 4. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 301. 5. vahI, pR. 198. 6. vahI, pR. 277.

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________________ 254 kiyA hai-'calaTI cAla mile pAra brahma kauM, sau sataguru hmaaraa|' isI mAdhyama se unhoMne sahaja sAdhanA kI hai aura use kabIra ne talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna kahA hai| isameM SaTpakoM mudrAmoM prAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI  /  vaha sahaja bhAva ke sAtha kI jAtI hai  /  rAjayoga, unmani athavA sahajAvasthA samAnArthaka hai  /  sahajAvasthA vaha sthiti hai jahAM sAdhaka ko brahmatmaikya prApta ho jAtA hai  /  kabIra ne yamaniyamoM kI bhI carcA kI hai| unameM bAhyADambaroM kA tIvra virodha kiyA gayA hai aura mana ko mAyA se vimukta rakhane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| unhoMne sahaja samAdhi ko hI sarvopari svIkAra kiyA hai. santo sahaja samAdhi bhlii| sAMI te milana bhayo jA dina ta, suratana maMta clii| mAMkha na mUdU kAna na saMdhU, kAyA kaSTa na dhArU  /  khule naina maiM haMsa-haMsa dekhU, sundara rUpa nihArUM  /  /  kahUM su nAma sunu sau sumarana, jo kucha karU sau puujaa| giraha udyAna eka sama dekhU, aura miTAu, dUjA  //  jahaM-jahaM jAUM soi parikaramA, jo kucha karUso sevA  /  jaba soU taba karU daMDavata, pUMjU aura na devA  /  /  zabda niraMtara manavA rAtA, malina vacana kA tyaagii| kahai kabIra yaha unamani rahanI, so paragaTa krigaaii| sukha duHkha ke ika paraM parama sukha, tehi meM rahA smaaii|| sahajAvasthA aisI avasthA hai jahAM na to varSA hai na sAgara, na pralaya, na dhUpa, na chAyA, na utpatti mora na jIvana aura mRtyu hai, vahAM na to duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai 1. kabIra granthAvalI, pR 145. sahaja-sahaja saba koU kahe sahaja na cInhe koya  /  jo sahajai sAhaba mile sahaja kahAvaM soya  /  saharja-sahaja saba gayA suta cita kAma nikAma  /  eka meka havaM mili rahA dAsa kabIrA jAna  /  kar3avA lAge nIma sA jAme ecAtAni  /  sahaja mile so dUdha-sA mAMgA mile so pAni  /  kaha kabIra vaha raphata sama jAmai ecAtAni  /  saMta sAhitya, pR. 222-3. 3. brahmagini meM kAyA jAraM, trikuTarTI saMgama jaag| kahai kabIra soi jAgezvara, sahaja sUni tyo lAge  //  kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 109. 4. kabIra darzana, pR, 297-347. 5. prAcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI-kabIra pariziSTa : kabIra bApI, pa. 262.

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________________ pora na sukha kI  /  vahAM zUnya kI jAti paura samAdhi kI nidrA nahIM hai |m to use taulA jA sakatA hai aura na chor3A jA sakatA hai| na vaha halkI hai, na bhArI  /  usameM Upara nIce kI koI bhAvanA nahIM hai  /  vahAM rAta aura divasa kI sthiti bhI nahIM hai  /  vahA~ na jala hai, na pavana aura na hI agni  /  vahAM satguru kA sAmrAjya hai  /  vaha jagaha indriyAtIta hai  /  usako prApti guru kI kRpA se hI ho sakatI hai sahaja kI mApa kathA hai jiraarii| tuli nahIM baiTha jAi na mukAtI halaku laga na mATI  /  praraSa karadha doU nAhI rAti dinasu taha nAhI  /  jalu nahI pavanu-pavaku phuni nAhI satigura tahA sa sAhI  /  agama agocara rahai nirantara gura kirapA te lhiye| kahu kabIra cali jAU gura apune saMta saMgati mili rahIye  /  /  sahaja sAdhanA kI mora vastutaH dhyAna sahajayAna ke prAcAryoM ne diyA  /  sahajayAna kI sthApanA meM bauddha dharma kA pAkhaNDapUrNa jIvana mUla kAraNa thA  /  isake pravartaka sarahapAda mAne jAte haiM jinhoMne naisargika jIvana vyatIta karane para jora diyA hai| usame haThayoga kA koI sthAna nhii| citta hI sabhI karmoM kA bIja hai usI ko sahaja svabhAva kI sthiti kahA gayA hai jisame citta aura pracitta donoM kA zamana ho jAtA hai  /  kaNhapA ne isI ko parama tattva bhI kahA hai| isameM prajJA aura upAya advaita avasthA me mA jAte haiN| kaulamAgiyoM meM inhI tattvoM ko zakti aura ziva kahA jAtA hai  /  nAthoM kA yahI parama tattva, parama jJAna, parama svabhAva aura sahaja samAdhi rUpa hai| bauddhoM ke sahajayAna se prabhAvita hokara eka vaiSNava sahariyA sampradAya bhI khar3A humA jisameM zrIkRSNa ko parama tattva aura rAdhA ko unakI naisagika pAlahAdinI zakti mAnA gayA hai| dono kI rahasyamayI keli kI sahajAnubhUti kara isa sampradAya ke sAdhaka prema-lIlAmoM kA upabhoga karate haiN| unake anusAra pratyeka puruSa pora strI meM eka prAdhyAtmika tattva rahatA hai jise hama kramazaH svarUpa pora rUpa kahate haiM jo zrI kRSNa aura rASA ke pratIka haiM  /  sAdhaka ko prAtma vismRtipUrvaka inako prApta karanA cAhie  /  zuddha aura sAtvika vyakti ko hI isameM sahajiyA mAnuSa kahA gayA hai| nAtha sampradAya kA lakSya vividha siddhiyoM ko prApta karanA rahA hai para sahajiyA sampradAya use mAtra camatkAra pradarzana mAnakara yahita mAnate haiM aura sahamAnaMda ke sAtha usakA sambandha svIkAra nahIM krte| 1. saMta kabIra, rAmakumAra varmA, pR. 51, pada 48; 'saita |maahity, pR. 304-3 2. dohAkoSa, pR. 46.

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________________ 256 santoM ne sahaja ke svarUpa ko bilkula badala diyA  /  'santa kaviyoM taka ghAtemAte sahaja kI mithuna paraka vyAkhyA kA lopa hone lagatA hai aura yuga ke svAdhInacetA kabIra sahaja ko samasta matavAdoM kI sImAoM se pare parama tatva ke rUpa meM manuSya kI sahaja svAbhAvika anubhUti mAnate hai jisakI prApti eka sahaja santulita jIvanacaryA dvArA hI sambhava hai  /  isake lie sAdhaka ko kisI bhI prakAra kA zrama nahIM karanA par3atA, varan sArI sAdhanA svayameva sampanna hoto calatI hai -- sahaje hoya so hoya  / ' sahaja sAdhaka prathaka vizvAsa aura ekAntaniSThA ke sAtha sahaja sAdhanA karatA hai aura 'savada' ko samajhakara hI grAtma tatva ko prApta karane meM hI samartha hotA hai nAnaka ne sahaja svabhAva ko svIkAra kara use eka sahaja hATa kI kalpanA dI hai jisameM mana sahajabhAva se sthira rahatA hai  /  dAdU ne yama-niyamoM ke mAdhyama se mana kI dvaitatA dUra hone para sama svabhAva kI prApti batAI hai  /  yahI samarasatA hai| aura isI se pUrNa brahma kI prApti hotI hai  /  yama niyamoM kI sAdhanA anya nirguNI santoM ne bhI kI hai  /  sundaradAsa aura malUkadAsa isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya haiM  / " sUra santo dekhata jaga baurAnA  /  saca kahIM to mArana ghAvaM, jhUThahi jaga patiyAnA  /  nemi dekhA gharamI dekhA, prAta karahi zramanAnA  /  zratama mAri papAnahi pUrjAha unimaha kichau na jJAnA  //  hindU kahahiM mohi rAma piyArA, turuka kahahi rahimAnA  /  prAsa meM dou lari muye, marama na koI jAnA || kahahi kabIra sunahu ho santo, I sama bharama bhulAnA | ketika kahIM kahA nahi mAneM, sahajai sahaja samAnA  //  1. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 269, madhyakAlIna hindI saMta- vicAra bhaura sAdhanA, pR. 531. bIjaka, pRSTha 116, madhyakAlIna saMta vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR. 531. sahaja hATi mana kImA nivAsu sahaja subhAva mani kIgrA paragAsu-prAraNa saMgalI, pR. 147. sahaja rUpa mana kA bhayA, jaba dve dve miTI taraMga | tAlA sItala sama bhayA, taba dAdU eka praraMga  //  dAdUdayAla kI vAnI, bhAga 1, T. 170. 5. vahI, bhAga-2, pR. 88. 6. sundaradarzana - DaoN. trilokI nArAyaNa dIkSita, pR. 29-50. 2. 3. 4.

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________________ maura tulasI jaise saguNa bhaktoM meM yaha paramparA dikhAI nahIM detii| mIrA ke nimnalikhita uddharaNa se yaha pravazya lagatA hai ki unhoMne prAraMbha meM kisI yoga sAdhanA kA avalambana liyA hogA  /  prema sAdhanA kI ghora laga jAne para unako yoga se virakti ho jAnA svAbhAvika thA terI marama nahi pAyo re jogI  /  prasaraNa mAri guphA meM baiTho dhyAna karI ko lagAbho  //  gala vica saMlI hAtha hAjariyoM bhaMga bhabhUta ramAyo  /  mIrA ke prabhu hari avinAsI bhAga likhyo so hI pAyo  //  * eka anya sthAna para bhI mIrA ke aise hI bhAva milate haiM- 'jina karatAla pakhAvaja bArja anahada kI jhanakAra re  /  " 1. 257 jaina dharma meM yoga kI eka lambI paramparA hai| vahAM bhI sUphI paura santoM ke samAna mana ko sAdhanA kA kendra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paMcendriyoM ke nigraha ke sAtha hI 'antara vijaya' kA vizeSa mahatva hai  /  use hI 'satyabrahma' kA darzana mAnA gayA hai-- 'prantara vijaya sUratA sAMcI, satyabrahma darzana niravAMcI  / " aisA hI yogI abhayapada prApta karatA hai-- 'aisA yogI kyoM na zrabhayapada pAvaM, so phera na bhava meM ur | * yahI nirvikalpa pravasthA hai jise AtmA kI paramocca pravasthA kaha sakate haiM  /  yahIM sAdhaka samarasa meM raMga jAtA hai - 'samarasa bhAve raMgiyA, pravyA dekhaI soI 15 thAnatarAya use kabIra ke samAna gUMge kA gur3a mAnA hai aura daulatarAma ne 'zivapura kI Dagara samarasa sauM bharI' kahA hai  /  " 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. prAnandatilaka para haThayoga kA prabhAva dikhAI detA hai jo manya jaMnAcAryoM para nahI hai  /  'pravadhU' zabda kA prayoga bhI unhoMne adhika kiyA hai  /  pItAmbara ne sahaja mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 281. vahI, pu. 204. banArasIvilAsa, praznottaramAlA, 12 pU. 183. daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 65. mAgaMdA, 40, grAmera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura kI hastalikhita prati  /  senA bainA kahi samubhAmro, gUMge kA gur3a || kabIra, pR. 126. cAnatavilAsa, kalakattA, daulata jaina pada saMgraha, 73, pU. 40. prAnandaghana bahottarI, pu. 358.

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________________ 258 earfust an uaura akathya kahA hai|' khAnatarAya ne 'anahada' zabda ko bhI sunA hai  / " samarasatA madhyakAla kI eka sAmAnya vizeSatA hai avazya para use nAtha sampradAya kI dena nahIM kahIM jA sktii| use to samAna svara se sabhI yogiyoM ne svIkArA hai| hemacandrAcArya ne kahA hai ki yogI samarasI hokara paramAnanda kA anubhava karatA hai| yogIndu ne bhI isI brahma kya kI bAta kahI hai| * rAmasiMha ne isa samarasatA ke bAda kisI bhI pUjA yA samAdhi kI prAvazyakatA nahIM batAI hai 15 isa prakAra madhyakAla meM hindI jaina-jainetara kaviyoM ne sAdhanA kA pravalambana apane sAdhya kI prApti ke lie liyA hai| kI anubhUti ke bAda sAdhaka samarasatA ke raMga meM raMga jAtA hai| yaha anyatama uddezya hai  /  3. bhAvamUlaka rahasya bhAvanA 1. anubhava : prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA kiMvA rahasya ko prApti ke lie svAnubhUti eka maparihArya tattva hai| ise jaina-jainetara sAdhakoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| tarka pratiSThAnAt " jaise vAkyoM se eka tathya sAmane AtA hai ki prAtmAnubhUti meM tarka aura vAdavivAda kA koI sthAna nahIM hai  /  'na cakSusA gRhyate nApi vAcA," aura 'yato vAcA nivartante zraprApta manasA sahaM bhI yahI mata vyakta karate haiN| jaisA hama pIche likha cuke haiM, jainadharma meM bhedavijJAna, svapara viveka, tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna, brahmajJAna, prAtma-sAkSAtkAra prAdi se utpanna hone vAle anubhava ko cidAnanda caitanya rasa. 18 1. 2. hindI pada saMgraha, 119. 3. banAsIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 34 pu. 84. 4. yoga aura sahaja brahmatva yA niraMjana rahasya bhAvanA kA evaM kramazo'bhyAsavazAd dhyAnaM bhajetrirAlambama | samarasabhAvaM pAtaH paramAnandaM tato'nubhavet  //  yogazAstra, 12. 5; tulanArtha dekhiye, jJAnArNava, 30-5. maNu miliyau paramesarahaM, paramesarau vi maraNassu  /  vehivi samarasa havAhaM, pujja caDhAvaDaM kassa || paramAtmaprakAza, 1. 123, q. 125. pAr3a dohA, 176, pR. 34. vedAntasUtra 1. 1. 1 5. 6. 7. muNDakopaniSad, 3. 1. 8 8. taisarIyopaniSad, 1.9.

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________________ 259 afruit prAnanda prAdi jaise zabdoM se pranaTa kiyA gayA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI isI prakAra ke sAkSAtkAra kI aneka ghaTanAoMoM aura kathanoM kA ullekha milatA hai  /  kabIra ne 'rAma ratana pAyA re karama vicArA', nainA baina praganevarI,' 'lApa fruit mApe Apa jaise uddharaNoM ke mAdhyama se anubhava kI prAvazyakatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| unhoMne advaitavAda kA sahArA lekara tatva kA anubhava kiyA  /  isa pranubhava meM tarka kA koI upayoga nahIM  /  tarka se zradvaitavAda kI sthApanA bhI nahIM hotI balki pranekasva kA sRjana hotA hai isalie kabIra ne prAdhyAtmika kSetra meM tarka ko pratiSThita karane vAloM ke lie 'mohI mana vAlA' kahA hai  / " aura 'khule naina pahicAnI haMsihaMsi, sundara rUpa nihAroM" kI preraNA dI hai| dAdU ne bhI isI prakAra se 'so hama dekhyA naeNna bhari sundara sahaja sarUpa' ke rUpa meM anubhava kiyA  / " yaha zrAtmAnubhava vRttiyoM ke antarmukhI hone para hI ho pAtA hai  / " isase eka alaukika zrAnanda kI prApti hotI hai- prApahi Apa vicAriye tava ketA hoya mAnanda re  / " banArasIdAsa ne kabIra aura anya santoM ke samAna zrAtmAnubhava ko zAnti aura Ananda kA kAraNa batAyA hai  /  anubhUti kI dAminI zIla rUpa zItala samIra 18 ke bhItara se damakatI huI santApadAyaka bhAvoM ko cIrakara pragaTa hotI hai aura sahaja zAzvata prAnanda kI prApti kA sanmArga pradarzita karatI hai  / " kabIra Adi santoM ne aAtmAnubhava se mohAdi dUra adhika spaSTa nahIM kI jitanI hindI jaina kaviyoM ne kii| to vizvAsa hai ki prAtmAnubhava se sArA moha rUpa saghana karane kI bAta utanI jaina kavi rUpacanda kA andherA naSTa ho jAtA 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 dAdUdayAla kI dAnI, bhAga 1, paracA ko aMga, 6. ulTI cAla mile parabrahma so sadguru hamArA - kabIra dila meM diladAra sahI aMkhiyAM ulTI karitAhi pR. 156. ulaTi dekho ghara meM joti pasAra - santavAnI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 188. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 89. nATaka samayasAra, 17. banArasIvilAsa, paramArtha hinDolanA, pR. 5. 8. 9. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 241, pR. 4 sAkhI, pR. 5. vahI, pR. 318. kahata kabIra taraka dui sArdhaM, tAkI mati hai mohI, vahI, pR. 105. zabdAvalI, zabda 30. 93, 98, 109. graMthAvalI, pR. 145. citaiye - sundara vilAsa,

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________________ 260 hai  /  anekAnta kI cira nUtana kiraNoM kA svaccha prakAza phaila anupama pradbhuta jJeyAkAra vikasita ho jAtA hai, mAnanda kanda meM mama basa jAtA hai tathA usa sukha ke sAmane anya sukha vAse se haiN| isalie ve anAdikAlIna pravidyA ko sarvaprathama dUra karanA cetanA kA anubhava ghaTa-ghaTa meM abhivyakta ho sake  /  dyAnatarAya ne bhI prAtmAnubhava ko cAhate haiM tAki tAvasthA kI prApti aura bhavavAdhA dUra karane kA uttama sAdhana mAnA hai  /  sva-para viveka tathA samatA rasa kI prApti isI se hotI hai  / " banArasIdAsa prAdi kaviyoM ne bhedavijJAna kI bAta kahI hai para santoM ne use prAtmasAkSAtkAra kI bhASA dI hai'prANa parIcaM prAraNa ApahuM bhrApahi jAne'  / ' bhedavijJAna hone para hI vRttiyA~ antamukhI ho jAtI haiM-- 'vastu vicArata ghyAvataM mana pAva vishraam| dAdU ne isI ko 'brahmadRSTi paricaya bhayA taba dAdU baiThA rAkhi" kahA aura sundaradAsa ne 'sAkSAkAra yAhI sAdhana karane hoI, sundara kahata dvaita buddhi kU nivAriye' mAnA hai  / " isase spaSTa hai ki bhavamUlaka rahasyabhAvanA meM sAdhaka kI svAnubhUti ko sabhI prAdhyAtmika santoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| bhAvamUlaka rahasyabhAvanA kA sambandha aisI sAdhanA se hai jisakA mUla uddezya prAdhyAtmika cirantana satya aura tajjanya anubhUti ko prApta karanA rahA hai| isakI prApti ke lie sAdhaka yama-niyamoM kA to pAlana karatA hI hai para usakA pramukha sAdhana prema yA upAsanA rahatA hai| usI ke mAdhyama se vaha parama puruSa, priyatama, paramAtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karatA hai aura usase bhAvAtmaka aikyAnubhuti kI kSamatA paidA karatA hai| isa sAdhanA meM sAdhaka ke lie guru kA vizeSa sahArA milatA hai jo usakI prasupta prema bhAvanA ko jAgrata karatA hai  /  prema athavA rahasya bhAvanA jAgrata ho jAne para sAdhaka dAmpatyamUlaka viraha se saMtapta ho uThatA hai aura phira usakI prApti ke lie vaha vividha prakAra kI sahaja yogasAdhanAmoM kA avalambana letA hai  /  1. dekhiye, isI prabandha kA caturtha parivarta, pR. 81-86 2. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 359. 3. dAdUbAnI, bhAga 1. pU. 63 4. sundara vilAsa, pR. 159. 5. nATaka samayasAra, 17. jAtA hai, sattArUpa manda amUrta bhAtmA pratIta hone lagate 6. dAdUvAnI, bhAga 1, pR. 87. 7. sundara vilAsa, pR. 101

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________________ horerita hindI sAhitya meM isa prakAra kI rahasya - bhAvanA hama vizeSa rUpa se sUphI, kabIra aura mIrA kI sAdhanA meM pAte haiM  /  2. saphI rahasya bhAvanA : 261 bhAratIya sUphI kaviyoM ne sUphImata meM pracalita prAyaH sabhI siddhAntoM ko antarbhukta kiyA hai aura una para bhAratIya paramparAmroM kA prAvaraNa DAlA hai| usakI paramasattA alakha, prarUpa evaM pragocara hai, phira bhI vahA samasta jagata ke kaNa-karaNa meM vyApta hai-- balakha rUpa akabara so kartA  /  vaha sabasauM, saba mohitoM bhartA  / " vaha sRSTi kA kAraka dhAraka aura hAraka hai  / " vaha mahAn zaktizAlI, karuNAzIla maura saundaryazIla hai | kartavya bhaura karuNA usake prAdhAra stambha haiM jisa prakAra sarovara meM par3A pratibimba samIpastha hote hue bhI pragrAhya hai usI prakAra sarvavyApaka paramAtmA kA bhI pAnA sarala nahIM hai  / " usa paramAtmA ke mUrta aura amUrta donoM svarUpoM kA air sUphI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai  /  mAtmA-paramAtmA kI madvaita sthiti ko bhI unhoMne svIkAra kiyA hai  /  jo bhI antara hai vaha pAramArthika nahIM, vyAvahArika hai  /  usakA vyAvahArika svarUpa mAyAgabhita hotA hai  /  sAdhaka ina cAroM pravasthAnoM ko pAra karane meM paramAtmA ke guNoM kA cintana (jika) karatA hai, rAga, grahaMkAra Adi mAnasika vRttiyo ko dUra karatA hai (phikra ) apane dharma graMtha (kurAna zarIpha) kA abhyAsa ( tilavata) karatA hai aura tadanusAra nAmasmaraNa, vrata, upavAsa, dAnAdika kriyAyeM karatA hai  /  1. sUphI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka kI cAra avasthAoM kA varNana milatA hai (1) zarImata zrarthAt prAcAra yA karmakANDa kA pAlana (2) tarIkata arthAt bAhya kriyAkANDa ko chor3akara prAntarika zuddhi pUrvaka paramAtmA kA dhyAna karanA  /  (3) hakIkata arthAt paramAtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna honA, prora (4) mArphat arthAt samyak sAdhanA dvArA zrAtmA ko paramAtmA meM vilIna hIne kI kSamatA prApta honA  /  sUphI santoM ne prAdhyAtmika sattA ko priyatama ke rUpa meM dekhA hai auaura usake darzana kI Fene meM apane ko DuboyA hai  /  isI meM ve samarasa hue haiN| 2. prakharAvaTa-jAyasI, pR. 305, citrAvalI- usamAna, pR. 2. bhASA prema rasazekha rahIma, padmAvata jAyasI, pR. 257-8 indrAvatI-nUramuhammada, pR. 54

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________________ 262 'sUphiyoM kA prema 'pracchanna' ke prati hai  /  sUphI apanI prema vyaMjamA sAdhAraNa nAyaka-nAyikA ke rUpa meM karate hai  /  prasaMga sAmAnya prema kA hI rahatA hai kintu usakA saMketa 'parama prema' kA hotA hai  /  bIca meM mAne vAle rahasyAtmaka sthala isa sAre saMsAra meM usI kI sthiti ko sUcita karate haiM sAtha hI sArI sRSTi ko usa eka se milane ke lie citrita karate haiM  /  laukika evaM pralaukika prema donoM sAtha-sAtha calate haiM  /  prastuta meM prastuta kI yojanA hotI hai  /  vaiSNava bhaktoM kI bhAMti inakI prema vyaMjanA ke pAtra alaukika nahIM hote| laukika pAtroM ke madhya laukika prema kI dhyaMjanA karate hue bhI alaukika kI sthApanA karane kA durUha prayAsa ina sUphI prabandha kAvyoM meM saphala humA hai  /  prema ke vividha rUpa milate hai  /  eka prema to vaha hai jisakA prasphuTana vivAha ke bAda hotA hai  /  dUsarA prema vaha hai jisame premiyo kA AdhAra evaM prAdarza donoM hI viraha haiM  /  tIsare prema me nArI kI apekSA nara me virahAkulatA dikhAI detI hai maura cauthe prema meM prema kA sphuraNa citradarzana, sAkSAt darzana prAdi se hotA hai  /  'prema ke isa antima svarUpa, jisakA prArambha guNa zravaNa, citradarzana, sAkSAt darzana mAdi se hotA hai, kA paricaya sUphI premAkhyAnoM meM milatA hai  /  lagabhaga sabhI nAyaka nAyikA kA, jo paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai, rUpa guraNa varNana sunakara athavA svapna me yA sAkSAt dekhakara usake viraha meM vyAkula ho gharabAra tyAgakara yogI bana jAte hai| guNazravaNa ke dvArA prema bhAvanA jAgrata hone vAlI kathAnoM ke antargata 'padmAvata' 'hasajAhara', 'anurAgavAMsurI', 'puhupAvatI' prAdi kathAyeM pAtI haiN| 'chItA' premAkhyAna meM guNazravaNa se pAkarSaNa evaM pazcAt sAkSAt darzana se prema jAgrata hotA hai| citradarzana se premodbhUta hone vAlI kathAnoM meM citrita hone vAlI kathAoM meM 'citrAvalI' 'ratanAvalI' mAdi kathAyeM mAtI haiM,  /  svapna darzana ke dvArA prema jAgrata hone vAlI kathAyeM adhika haiM  /  'kanakAvatI', 'kAmalatA' 'indrAvatI', 'yUsupha julekhA', premadarpaNa' prAdi premAkhyAna isake antargata pAte haiN| sAkSAt darzana dvArA jAgRti kA varNana madhumAlata, madhakaramAlati evaM bhASA premarasa mAdi meM milatA hai  /  sUphI kaviyo meM jAyasI vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| unhoMne anyokti aura samAsokti ke mAdhyama se prastuta vastu se aprastuta vastu ko prastuta kara AdhyAtmika 1. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya-DaoN. sarala zukla, lakhanaU, saM. 2013, pR. 111. 2. vahI, pR. 113.

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________________ 263 tathyoM kI bhora saMketa kiyA hai  /  sUryacandra sAdhanA ke prakAza meM DaoN. triguNAyata ne padmAvata kI kathA kI anyoktiyoM ko isa prakAra samajhAyA hai-- (1) siMhala dIpa-sahasrAra kamala (2) mAnasarodaka-brahmarandhra (3) totA-guru (4) ratanasena-yogI sAdhaka (5) nAgamati-mAyA (6) padmAvatI-zuddha jyoti svarUpI jIvAtmA jisameM ziva zakti pratiSThita rahatI hai  /  (7) sAta samudra-~~SaTcakra aura satavAM sahasrAra (8) maMDapa-brahmarandhra me jIvAtmA paramAtmA kA milana yahAM ratanasena eka sAdhaka kI AtmA ko vyaMjita karane vAlA tatva hai jisameM svayaM kI ananta zakti bharI huI hai| vaha mana kA pratIka hai jo nAgamati rUpiNI mAyA meM prAsakta hai  /  totA rUpa guru ke mila jAne para usakI zAna buddhi jAgrata ho jAtI hai aura vaha padmAvata rUpI zuddha-buddha zakti ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| sAdhya ke darzana meM sAdhaka ke lie bhUkha-pyAsa kI bhI bAdhA pratIta nahI hotii| usakA darzana dIpaka ke samAna hai jahAM baha paMtaga ke samAna bhikhArI bana jAtA hai  /  priyatama kA darzana mAtra hI sAdhaka kA ajJAna dUra karane meM paryApta hotA hai| tote rUpI guru ke mukha se padmAvatI rUpI sAdhya puruSa kA rUpa varNana sunakara ratanasena rUpI sAdhaka mUchita ho gayA  /  uha usake prema se tar3apane lgaa| saMsAra ke mAyA jAla meM phaMse rahane ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAdhya kA darzana nahIM kara pAtA aura yahI usake viraha kA kAraNa hotA hai| antatogatvA ratanasena (sAdhaka) 'duniyA kA dhandhA rUpiNI nAgamatI ko choDakara padamAvatI rUpI paramAtmA ko prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai| phira bhI usakA mana pUrNataH pariSkRta na hone se patita ho jAtA hai aura bhava-sAgara meM DUbatA utarAtA rahatA hai  /  sAdhaka ko jaba isa tathya kA anubhava hotA hai taba vaha pazcAtApa karatA hai ki maiMne to 'mora-mora' kahakara mahaMkAra aura mAyA saba kucha gaMvA diyA  /  para paramAtmA (padmAvatI) kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM humA  /  vaha 1. jAyasI kA padmAvata, kAvya aura darzana, pR. 107. 2. jehi ke hiye prema raMga jaayaa| kA tehi bhUkha nIMda visarAyA  /  jAyasI graMtha mAlA, pR. 58.

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________________ 264 paramAtmA rUpa padmAvatI kahAM hai ? yaha viraha hI rahasyavAdI sAdhaka kA prANa hai| vahI usakI jijIviSA hai  /  isa viraha ko jAyasI ne 'prema-dhAva' ke rUpa meM citrita kiyaa| vaha sAre zarIra ko kAMTA banA detA hai  /  sApaka sAdhya kI virahAgni meM jalatA rahatA hai para dUsare ko jalane nahIM detA  /  prema kI cinagArI se mAkAza pora pRthvI, donoM bhayavIta ho jAte haiN| padmAvatI ke divya saundarya kA varNana bhakta kavi ne kiyA hai| mAna-sarobara ne padmAvatI ko pAkara kaisA harSa vyakta kiyA yaha padmAvata meM dekhA jA sakatA hai|' usake divya rUpa ko jAyasI ne 'devatA hAtha-hAtha pagu lehii| jahaM pagu dhara sIsa tahaM dehI' ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| unakA paramAtmA prema bhI anupama hai| mAkAza jaisA asIma hai, dhra vanakSatra se bhI UMcA hai| usakA darzana vahI kara sakatA hai jo zira ke bala para vahAM taka pahuMcanA cAhatA hai| paramAtmA kI yaha prApti sadAcAra ke pAlana, pahaM ke vinAza, hRdaya kI zuddhatA evaM svayaMkRta pApoM kA pratikramaNa (tobA) karane se hotI hai  / ' isa prAdhyAtmika viraha se pratADita hokara ratanasena padmAvatI se milana karane ke lie prayatna karatA hai  /  usakI sAdhanA dvimukhI hotI hai- antarmukhI aura bahirmukhI sAdhanA meM sAdhaka apane hRdayastha priyatama kI khoja karatA hai pora bahimuMkhI sAdhanA meM vaha use sAre vizva meM khojatA hai| antamukhI rahasyavAda zuddha bhAvamUlaka aura yogamUlaka donoM prakAra kA hotA hai  /  bahirmukhI rahasyavAda meM prakRtimUlaka, mabhivyaktimUlaka prAdi bheda pAte haiN| isa prakAra jAyasI kA bhAvamUlaka rahasyavAda antarmukhI bhaura bahirmukhI ubhaya prakAra kA hai  /  1. kahaM rAnI padmAvatI, jIu vasa jehi pAMha  /  mora-mora ke khAeU, bhUli garaba avagAha  /  /  vahI, pR. 179 prema-dhAva dukha jAna na koI, bahI, pR. 74. 3. vahI, gu. 88. 4. vahI, pR. 25. 5. vahI, pR. 48 6. prema pradiSTa gagana te UcA, dhrava ta UMca prema dhra va UmA  /  sira dei so pAMva dei so chuumaa| vahI, pR. 50. 7. sUphImataH sAdhanA mora sAhitya-pR. 231-258 8. AyasI kA padmAvata : kAvya paura darzana, pR. 269-277.

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________________ 265 jAyasI prantarmukhI prakriyA ke vizeSa dhanI hai| unhoMne siMhala gaDha ko hRdaya kI pratIka banAkara usameM paramAtmA kA nivAsa batAyA hai  /  mAyA Adi jaise tatvoM ke kAraNa priyatama ke use darzana hI nahIM ho pAte  /  ratanasena darzana ke lie itanA tar3apa uThatA hai ki sAta pAtAla khojakara aura sAta svargo meM daur3akara padmAvatI ko khojane kI bAta karatA hai  /  sAdhaka ghanaghora tapa aura sAdhanA karatA hai  /  taba kahIM priyatama ke deza meM pahuMca pAtA hai  /  jAyasI ne usa deza kA varNana kiyA hai| jahAM na dina hotA hai na rAta, na pavana hai na pAnI  / " usa deza meM pahuMcakara priyatama se bheMTa kI prAturatA bar3ha jAtI hai| para vaha aparicita hai aura phira idhara duSToM kA gherA hai jise kisI taraha se sAdhaka sAdhya kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai aura usake bAda afone vivAha kI avasthA hotI hai jisakA mahatva rahasyavAda meM bahuta pradhika hai  /  ratanasena aura padmAvatI kA vivAha aise hI vivAha kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai  /  isa vivAha kA varNana yadyapi bhautika jaisA lagatA hai para vaha vastuta: hai prAdhyAtmika hI hai  /  vara-vadhu kI gAMTha itanI dRr3hatA se jur3a jAtI hai ki vaha bhAge ke bhavoM meM bhI nahIM chUTa pAtI | maMgalAcAra hote haiM mantra-pATha par3hA jAtA hai aura cAMda-sUrya kA milana hotA hai 13 uttarfree faare ke uparAnta sAdhaka sAdhya ke prati pUrI taraha se prArama samarpaNa kara detA hai| dono tanmaya ho jAte haiN| sAdhaka-sAdhya kA milana bhI prAdhyAfore milana hai jise mAnasarovara khaNDa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| milana hote hI ratanasena padmAvatI ke caraNa sparza karatA hai  /  caraNa sparza karate hI vaha brahma rUpa ho jAtA hai  /  yahI avasthA rahasyAnubhUti kI carama avasthA hai  /  jAyasI ne isakA varNana bar3I sUkSmatA se kiyA hai| ratanasena apane Apa ko padmAvatI ke lie sauMpa detA hai  /  usakA zarIra mAtra usake sAtha hai| jIva padmAvatI meM mila gayA  /  isalie duHkha-sukha jo bhI hogA, vaha zarIra ko nahIM, jIva ko hogA, ratanasena ke jIva ko nahIM | padmAvatI ne ratanasena ko prAzvAsana diyA ki jIvita praura marege to sAtha raheMge  / " yaha tAdAtmya avasthA kA bahuta sundara citraNa hai  /  raheMge to sAtha raheMge 1. jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 63. 2. vahI, ratanasena padmAvatI vivAha 3. 13 #1 vahI, 4. bahI, mAnasarovara khaNDa, pR. 252 5. vivAha khaNDa, pR. 126. vahI, gandharvasena- mantrI khaNDa pU. 112.

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________________ 266 tAdAtmya hone para sAdhaka ko prArAdhya ke atirikta aura koI nahIM dikhAI detA  /  ratanasena ko padmAvatI ke atirikta sundarI mapsarA mAdi kA rUpa nahIM dikhAI diyA  /  usI ke smaraNa meM use . paramAnanda kI anubhUti hotI hai| dhIredhIre pradeta sthiti pAtI hai aura donoM eka dUsare meM aise rama jAte haiM ki unheM sArA vizva prakAzita dikhAI dene lagatA hai  /  ve sasImatA se haTakara asImatA meM pahuMca jAte haiM, ratanasena aura padmAvatI isa prakAra se eka hue jaise do vastueM mauMTa kara eka ho jAtI haiN| sUphI kaviyoM meM milana kI pAMca pravasthAnoM kA varNana milatA hai-phanA, phakda, sukra, vajda aura zaha  /  phanA meM sAdhaka sAdhya ke vyaktitva ke sAtha bilakula dhula-mila jAtA hai  /  vaha apane mahaM ke astitva ko bhUla jAtA hai| phakda avasthA meM vaha usake nAma pora rUpa meM rama jAtA hai  /  sukra avasthA meM sAdhaka sAdhya ke rUpa kA pAnakara unmatta ho jAtA hai, mAnanda vibhora ho jAtA hai  /  vajda avasthA meM sAdhaka ko paramAtmA kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura zaha meM use pUrNa zAnti mila jAtI hai| jAyasI meM pAMcoM avasthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| jAyasI ne paramatattva kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie prakRti ko bhI eka sAdhana banAyA hai  /  sRSTi kA mUla tattva advaita thA  /  avidyA Adi kAraNo se usameM dvaita tattva mAyA jo bhrAnti mUlaka thaa| bhrAnti ke dUra hote hI sAdhaka svayaM meM aura sAdhya meM tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| isa sandarbha me rahasyavAdI kavi kA prakRti varNana zuddha bhautika na hokara kAlpanika, divya aura rahasyavAdI hotA hai  /  kabhI-kabhI apanI praNaya bhAvanA ko bhI vaha prakRti ke mAdhyama se vyaMjita karatA hai| rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti vividha prakAra kI saMketAtmaka, pratIkAtmaka, janAparaka evaM mAlaMkArika zailiyoM meM kI jAtI hai| ina zailiyoM meM pranyokti zailI, samAsoktizailI, saMvRtti bakratAmUlaka zailI, rUpaka zailI, pratIkazailI vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai  /  ina zailiyoM me jAyasI ne apane prAdhyAtmika siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA hai| ise unakA mAdhyAtmika rahasyavAda kaha sakate haiN|' 1. vahI, pArvatI maheza khaNDa, pR. 91. 2. vahI, gandharvasena-maMtrI khaNu. pR. 104. 3. vahI, ratanasena-sUlIkhaNDa, pR. 111. 4. vahI, vasantakhaNDa, pR. 84. 5. vahI, ratanasena khaNDa, pR. 143. 6. jAyasI kA padmAvata kAvya aura darzana, pR. 286-288. 7. jAyasI kA padmAvata : kAma aura darzana, pR. 305-308.

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________________ 267 sUphI kAvyoM ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne prema aura rUpa kA ajasra sambandha svIkAra kiyA hai  /  isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ve rUpa ko khudA kI praticchavi mAnate haiM 12 jIvAtmA ke paramAtmA ke prati prema ko unhoMne kaI pratIkoM dvArA vyaMjita kiyA hai jinameM kamala aura sUrya, candramA ghora cakora, dIpaka evaM pataMga, cumbaka aura lohA, gulAba dhaura bhramara, rAga aura hiraNa pramukha haiN| ina pratIkoM se kavi spaSTa hI sAdhaka aura sAdhya ke bIca ke vyavadhAna kI ora saMketa karatA hai avazya para unameM vidyamAna zrAnanda, ekaniSThatA aura tyAga sarAhanIya hai  /  hara sUphI sAdhaka jagata ko eka darpaNa mAnatA hai jisameM brahma athavA Izvara pratibimbita hotA hai  /  mAnasarovara rUpI darpaNa meM padmAvatI rUpI virATa brahma ke rUpa se sArA saMsAra zrabhAsita hotA hai | zraddhaMtavAda ko spaSTa karane kA yaha saralatama mArga sUphI sAdhakoM ne khoja nikAlA  /  paramAtmA rUpa priyatama ke viraha ne isameM saMvedanazIlatA kI naharI anubhUti jor3a dI jise sAhitya aura darzana ke kSetra meM hama eka vizeSa yogadAna kaha sakate haiM  /  1 3. nirguNa bhaktoM ko rahasya bhAvanA : madhyakAlIna hindI santoM ne bhI sUphI santoM ke samAna apanI rahasyAnubhUti ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| unakI rahasyabhAvanA ko sUphI, vaidika, jaina aura bauddha rahasyabhAvanAoM kA saMmizrita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai  /  mAyA zrAdi ke prAvaraNa se dUra prema kI prakarSatA yahAM sarvatra dekhI jA sakatI hai  /  mAyA ke kAraNa brahmamilana na hone para viraha kI vaha dazA jAgrata hotI hai jo sAdhaka ko parama satya kI khoja meM lagAye rakhatI hai| santoM kA brahma (rAma) nirguNa aura nirAkAra hai- nirguNa rAma japahu re bhAI  /  vaha anupama aura rUpI hai| usake viyoga me kabIra kI prAtmA tar3apatI huI idhara-udhara bhaTakatI hai| para usakA priyatama to niguMga hai  /  'abalA ke pika 1. haMsa javAhira, kAsimazAha, pR. 151. 2. 3. 4. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphI kavi aura kAvya, pR. 223. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 49. jAke muMha mAthA nahIM nAhIM rUpa arUpa  /  puhupa vAsa se pAtarA aisA tattva anUpa  //  bahI, pR. 64, tulanArthaM dekhiye -- so nirguna kathi kahe sanAthA, jAke hAtha pAMva nahi mAthAM  /  dariyAsAgara, g. 26.

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________________ 268 piu' vAle mArtasvara se bhI usa para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA  /  piyA milana kI grAsa lekara mAkhira vaha kaba taka khar3I rahe- 'piyA milana kI prAsa, rahIM kaba lauM kharI  / ' piyA ke prema rasa meM kabIra ne apane prApako mulA diyaa| eka myAna meM do talavAreM bhalA kaise raha sakatI haiM ? unhoMne prema kA pyAlA khUba piyA  /  phalataH unake roma-roma meM bahI prema basa gyaa| kabIra ne guru-rasa kA bhI pAna kiyA hai, chAcha bhI nahIM bcii| yaha saMsAra-sAgara se pAra ho gayA hai  /  pake ghar3e ko kumhAra ke bAka para punaH car3hAne kI kyA AvazyakatA ? pIyA cAhe prema rasa rAkhA cAhe mAna  /  eka sthAna meM do khar3aga dekhA sunA na kAna  /  kabirA pyAlA prema kA, maMtara liyA lagAya  /  roma-roma me rami rahA zraura amala kyA khAya  /  kabirA hama guru rasa piyA bAkI rahI na chAka  /  pAkA kalasa kumhAra kA bahuri na caDhasi cAka 12 santoM ne vAtsalya bhAva se bhagavAna ko kabhI mAtA rUpa meM mAnA to kabhI pitA rUpa meM  /  parantu mAdhurya bhAva ke udAharaNa sarvopari haiN| unhoMne svayaM ko priyatama aura bhagavAn ko priyatama kI kalpanA kara bhakti ke sarasa pravAha meM manacAhA avagAhana kiyA hai-- hari merA pIu maiM hari kI bahuriyA  /  dAdU, sahajobAI, 14 caranadAsa prAdi santoM ne bhI isI kalpanA kA sahArA liyA hai| unake priyatama ne priyA ke lie eka vicitra cUnarI saMvAra dI hai jise viralA hI pA sakatA hai| vaha mATha prahararUpI mATha hAtho kI banI hai aura paMcatattva rUpI raMgoM se raMgI hai| sUryacandra usake prAMcala meM lage haiM jinase sArA saMsAra prakAzita hotA hai  /  isa cUnarI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ise kisI ne tAne-bAne para nahIM bunA  /  yaha to use priyatama ne bheMTa kI hai 1. cunariyA hamarI piyA ne saMvArI, koI pahiraM piyA kI pyArI  /  mATha hAtha kI banI cunariyA, paMcaraMga paTiyA pArI  //  4. maiM abalA piu-piDa karU nirguna merA pIva  /  zUnya sanehI rAma bina, dekhUM bhaura na jIva  //  santa kabIra kI sAkhIbaiMkaTezvara, pR. 26. kabIra vacanAvalI - prayodhyAsiMha upAdhyAya, pR. 104. 2. 3. harijananI maiM bAlaka taurA -- kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 123; hama bAlaka tuma mAya hamArI palapala mAMhi karo rakhavArI - sahajobAI, santa suSAsAra, pR. 196. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 125.

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________________ cAMda suraja jAmaiM prAMcala lAge, jagamaga joti ujArI  /  binu tAne yaha banI cunariyA, dAsa kabIra balihArI  //  kabIra ke priyatama kI chavi vizva vyApinI hai| svayaM kabIra bhI usameM tanmaya hokara 'lAla' ho jAte haiM  /  usake viraha se virahiNI krauMca pakSI ke samAna rAta bhara rotI rahatI hai viyoga se santapta hokara vaha pathikoM se pUchatI hai --priyatama kA eka zabda bhI sunane kahAM milegA ? usakI vyathA hicakAriyoM ke mAdhyama se phUTa par3atI hai 1. 2. 3. pAina sakoM tujha pe sakU na tujha bulAi  /  jiyarA yoM hI lege, viraha tapAi tapAi || preSar3iyA bhAI par3I, pantha nihAri nihAri  /  jIbhar3iyA chAlA paDyA, rAma pukAri pukAri  //  ina tana ke dIvA kasaM, bAtI melyU jIva  /  lohI sIMco tela jyU, kaba mukha dekhauM pIva  //  8 nimna paMktiyoM meM priyatama ke viraha kA arat vidhurI regikI, bhAi milI paramAti  /  je jana vichure rAma se, te dina mile na rAti || bAsari sukha na reMga sukha, nAM sukha upunaM mAMhi  /  kabIra vichuTyA rAmasU, nA sukha dhUpa na chAMha || virahina kabhI paMthasiri, paMthI bude dhAi  /  eka sabada kahi pIvakA, kabareM mileMge bhAI || AtmasamarpaNa ke lie kaviyoM ne zrAdhyAtmika vivAha kA sRjana kiyA hai| patnI kI tanmayatA pati meM binA vivAha ke pUrI nahIM ho paatii| pIhara meM rahate hue bhI usakA mana pati meM lagA rahatA hai| pati se bheMTa na hone para bhI patnI ko usameM sukha kA anubhava hotA hai  /  karuNa krandana meM hI usake priya kA vAsa hai  /  priya kA milana haMsI mArga se nahIM miltaa| usake lie to prabhu pravAha hI eka sarala mArga haikhar3iyAM jhAMI par3I, pantha nihAri nihAri  /  jIbhaDiyo chAlA paDyA rAma pukAri pukAri  // 22 //  4. aura bhI saMvedana dRSTavya hai 269 kabIra -DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 187. lAlI mere lAla kI jita dekhU titalAla  /  lAlI dekhana meM gaI maiM bhI ho gaI lAla || kabIra vacanAvalI - prayodhyAsiMha, pR. 6. madhyakAlIna hindI santa vicAra aura sAdhanA, pU. 216. kabIra -DA0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 191.

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________________ nainA nIjhara lAiyA, rahaTa basa nisa-jAma  /  papIhA jyUpiva piva karauM, kabasa milahuge rAma |2411 paMkhaDi prema kasAiyAM, loga jANe duHkhar3iyAM  /  sAI mapaNe kAraNa, roI roI rattar3iyAM  // 25 //  haMsi haMsi kanta na pAiye, jini pAyA tina roi| jo haMsi haMsi hI hari mila, to na duhAgini koi  // 1 priyatama rUpa paramAtmA kA prema vaisA hI hotA hai jaisA ki mIna ko nIra se, zizu ko kSIra se, pIr3ita ko auSadhi se, cAtaka ko svAti se, cakora ko canda se, sarpa ko candana se, nirdhana ko dhana se, aura kAminI ko kanta se hotA hai| prema se vyathita hokara premI andara aura bAhara sarvatra priya kA hI darzana karatA hai kabIra rekha sindUra kI, kAjala diyA na jAi  /  nainU ramaiyA rami rahayA, dUjA kahAM samAI  //  naMnA antari bhAva tU jyU hoM nena jhapeu  /  nAM hI dekhoM aura kU, nA tujha dekhana deu  / ' priyatama ke dhyAna se kabIra kI dvividhA kA bheda khula jAtA hai aura mana maila ghula jAtA hai--duvidhA ke bheda khola bahuriyA manakai ghovAi  / ' unakI cUnarI ko bhI sAhaba ne raMga diyaa| usameM pahale syAhI kA raMga lagA thaa| use chuTAkara majIThA kA raMga lagA diyA jo dhone se chUTatA nahIM balki svaccha-sA dikhatA hai| usa cUnarI ko pahanakara kabIra kI priyA samarasa ho jAtI hai 1. kabIra graMthAvalI, pR. 9; kabhIra-DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 193. 2. nIra binu mIna dukhI kSIra binu zizu jaise  /  pIra jAke auSadhi binu kaMse rahyo jAta haiN| cAtaka jyoM svAti bUMda canda ko cakora jaise candana kI cAha kari sarpa akulAta hai  /  /  nidhana jyoM dhana cAhai kAminI ko kanta cAhai aisI jAke cAha tAko kachu na suhAta hai| prema ko prabhAva aisau prema tahAM nema kaisI sundara kahata yaha prema hI kI bAta hai  /  /  santa sudhAsAgara, pR. 59 kabIra manthAvalI, 4, 2; madhyakAlIna hindI santa-vicAra aura sAdhanA, pR. 217.

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________________ 271 sAheba hai raMgareja cunarI merI raMga haarii| syAhI raMga chur3Ayake re diyo majIThA raMga  /  dhoya se chUTe nahIM re dina-dina hota suraMga  /  bhAva ke kuMDa neha ke jala meM prema raMga dei bora  /  dukha deha maila luTAya de re khUba raMgI jhakajhora  //  sAhiba ne cunarI raMgI re pItama catura sujAna  /  saba kucha una para bAra dUM, re tana mana dhana aura prAna  /  /  kaheM kabIra raMgareja pyAre mujha para hue dayAla  /  sItala cunarI moDhi ke re bhai haiM magana nihAla  // 1 priyatama se prema sthApita karane ke lie saMsAra se vairAgya lene kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| saMsAra se virakta hokara priyA priyatama meM apane ko ramA letI hai| aura usake viraha meM mana ke vikAroM ko jalA detI hai| milana hone para vaha priya ke sAtha horI khelanA cAhatI thI para priya vichur3a hI gayA  /  milana athavA vivAha racAne kA uddezya paramapada kI prApti thii| kabIra ne isa prAdhyAtmika vivAha kA bar3A sundara citraNa kiyA hai  /  dulahina gAvo maMgalAcAra, hama ghari pAye ho rAjA rAma bharatAra  /  tana rati kari maiM mana rani kari hUM paMca tatva vraatii| rAmadeva mohi byAhana pAye maiM jovana madamAtI  //  sarIra sarovara vedI kari hUM brahmA veda ucAra  /  rAmadeva saMga bhaMvari lehUM dhani dhani bhAga hamAra  /  /  sura tetisa koTika pAye munivara sahasa aThAsI  /  kahai kabIra hama vyAhi cate puruSa eka avinAzI  / ' 1. kabIra-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 352-3 2. piya ke raMga rAtI rahai jaga sU hoya uvAsa  /  carana dAsa kI vaanii| prIti kI rIti nahiM kaju rAkhata jAti na pAMti nahIM kula gaaro| sundaradAsa, santa sudhAsAra, khaNDa 1, pR. 633. 3. piya ko khojana meM calI Apahu gaI hirAya  /  palaTU, vahI, pR. 435. 4. viraha pragina meM jala gae mana ke maila vikAra  /  dAdUvAnI, bhAga 1, pa. 43. 5. hamArI umariyA khelana kI, piya mosoM mili ke vichuri gayo ho| dharmadAsa, santavAnI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 37. 6. gulAba sahAba kI vAnI. pR. 22. 7. kadhIra graMthAvalI, pR. 90.

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________________ 272 afrat puruSa se vivAha karane ke bAda kabIra kA pItama bahuta dinoM meM ghara prAtA hai- "bahuta dinana meM prItama prAe  / " kavi kI priyA use prabhAta mAnatI hai  /  bAda meM tAdAtmya kI sahI anubhUti madhura milana aura suhAgarAta meM hotI hai  /  vahIM kabIra kI priyA pranirvacanIya prAnanda kA anubhava karatI hai vigata prakala anupama dekhA, kahatA kahI na jAI  /  sena karaM mana hI mana rahasaM, gUMge jAni miThAI  //  isa avasthA meM areka aura sAdhya jala meM jala ke samAna milakara prasa ho jAte haiM jala meM kumbha kumbha meM jala hai, bhItara bAhara pAnI  /  phUTA kumbha jala jalahi samAnA, yaha tata kahyo giyAnI  //  prata sthiti meM priyA aura priyatama ke bIca yaha bhAvanA prasthApita ho jAtI hai-hari mari haiM to hamahu mari haiM  /  hari na mareM to hama kAhe ko mareM  //  isa prakAra nirguriyA santa prAdhyAtmikatA, adva eta aura pavitratA kI sImA meM ghire rahate haiM  /  unakI sAdhanA meM vicAra praura prema kA sundara samanvaya huprA hai tathA brahmajijJAsA se vaha anuprANita hai  /  aNDarahila ke anusAra rahasyavAdiyoM kA nirguNa upAsya prema karane yogya, prApta karane yogya sajIva aura vaiyaktika hotA hai  /  ye vizeSatAyeM santoM ke rahasyavAdI priyatama meM saMniviSTa milatI haiM  /  prema, guru, viraha, rAmarasa ye rahasyavAda ke pramukha tatva haiM  /  aNDarahila ke anusAra prema mUlaka rahasyavAda kI pAMca pravasthAyeM hotI haiM-- jAgaraNa, pariSkaraNa, prazAnubhUti, vighna aura milana  /  santoM ke rahasyavAda meM ye sabhI pravasthAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| unakI rahasyabhAvanA kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM haiM- sarvavyApakatA, sampUrNa satya kI dhanubhUti pravRtyAtmakatA, kathanI-karanI meM ekatA, karma-bhakti-prema-jJAna meM samanvayavAditA, ma tAnubhUti aura janmAntaravAditA | 2 4. saguNa bhaktoM kI rahasyabhAvanA : saguNa sAdhakoM meM mIrA, sUra maura tulasI kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai  /  mIrA kA prema nArI sulabha samarpaNa kI komala bhAvanA garbhita 'mAdhurya bhAva' kA hai 1. brAja parabhAta mile hari lAla  /  dAdUvAnI 2. hindI kI nirguNa kAvya dhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi, pu. 580-604.

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________________ 273 jisameM apane iSTadeva kI priyatama ke rUpa meM upAsanA kI jAtI hai| unakA koI sampradAya vizeSa nahIM, ve to mAtra bhakti kI sAkAra bhAvanA kI pratIka haiM jisameM cirantana priyatama ke pAne ke lie madhura praNaya kA mArmika spandana humA hai  /  'mhAro to giradhara gopAla aura dUsarA na koI' athavA 'giradhara se navala ThAkura mIrAM sI dAsI' jaise uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki unhoMne giradhara kRSNa ko hI apanA parama sAdhya aura priyatama svIkAra kiyA hai  /  sUra, nandadAsa prAdi ke samAna unheM kisI rASA kI pAvazyakatA nahIM huii| ve svayaM rAdhA banakara AtmasamarpaNa karatI huI dikhAI detI haiN| isalie mIrA kI premA bhakti parA bhakti hai jahAM sArI icchAyeM mAtra priyatama giradhara meM kendrita haiM  /  sasya bhAva ko chor3akara navadhA bhakti ke sabhI aMga bhI unake kAvya meM milate haiN| ekAdaza prAsaktiyoM meM se kAntAsakti, rUpAsakti aura tanmayAsakti vizeSa dRSTavya hai  /  prapatta bhAvanA unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai  /  unakI prAtmA dIpaka kI usa lau ke samAna hai jo ananta prakAza meM milane ke lie jala rahI hai| sUphI kaviyoM ne paramAtmA kI upAsanA priyatamA ke rUpa meM kI hai unake prata meM nijI sattA ko paramasattA meM milA dene kI bhAvanA gabhita hai| kabIra ne paramAtmA kI upAsanA priyatama ke rUpa meM kI para usameM vaha bhAva vyaMjanA nahIM dikhAI detI jo mIrA ke svara meM nihita hai  /  mIrA ke raga-raga me piyA kA prema bhaga huA hai jabaki kabIra samAja sudhAra kI pora adhika agrasara hue haiM  /  mIrA kI bhAvukatA cIraharaNa aura rAsa kI lIlAyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai jahA~ ve 'mAja pranArI le gayI sArI, baMTI kadama kI DArI, mhAre gela paDyo giradhArI' kahatI haiM  /  priyatama kA milana ho jAne para mIrA ke mana kI tApa miTa jAtI hai aura sArA zarIra romAMcita ho uThatA hai mhArI bholagiyA dhara pAyA jI  //  tana kI tApa miTI sukha pAyA, hilamila maMgala gAyA jii| dhana kI dhuni suni mora magana bhayA, yUprANanda pAyA jii| magana bhaI milI prabhu aparaNAsU, bho kA darada miTAyA jii|| canda ko dekhi kamodariNa phUla harikha bhayA merI kAyA jii| raga-raga sItala bhaI merI sajanI, hari mere mahala sidhAyA jii| saba bhagatama kA kAraja kInhA, soI prabhu meM pAyA jI  /  mIrA virahariNa sItala hoI, dukha dunda nasAyA jii| mIrA kI tanmayatA aura ekIkaraNa ke darzana 'lagI mohi rAma khumArI ho' meM milate haiM jahAM vaha 'sadA lIna bhAnanda meM rahakara brahmarasa kA pAna karatI hai|

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________________ 274 unakA jJAna aura prajJAna, zrAnanda aura viSAda 'eka' meM hI lIna ho jAtA hai  /  isI ke lie to unhoMne pacaraMgI bolA pahinakara phiramiTa meM prAMkha dhIra manamohana se sone meM suhAga-sI prIti lagAyI hai| bar3e bhAga se giridhara nAgara mIrA para rIke haiN| micaunI khelI hai mIrA ke prabhu isI mAdhurya bhAva meM mIrA kI cunariyA premarasa kI bUMdoM se bhoMgatI rahI prora bhAratI majAkara suhAgina priya ko khojane nikala pdd'ii| use varSAt mIra fare bhI nahIM roka skii| priya ko khojane meM usakI nIMda bhI harAma ho gaI, aMga-maMga vyAkula ho gaye para priya kI vAraNI kI smRti se 'antara-vedana viraha kI vaha pIDA na jAnI' gii| jaise cAtaka ghana ke binA aura machalI pAnI ke binA vyAkula rahatI hai vaise hI mIrA 'vyAkula virahaNI sudha budha visarAnI' bana gaI  /  usakI piyA sunI seja bhayAvana lagane lagI, viraha se jalane lagI  /  yaha nirguNa kI seja UMcI maTArI para lagI hai, usameM lAla kivAr3a lage haiM, paMcaraMgI jhAlara lagI hai, mAMga meM sindUra bharakara sumiraNa kA thAla hAtha meM lekara priyA priyatama ke milana kI bATa joha rahI hai jinakA priyatama paradeza meM rahatA hai unheM patrAdi ke mAdhyama kI prAvazyakatA hotI  /  para mIrA kA priya to unake antaHkaraNa meM hI vasatA hai, use patrAdi likhane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhtii| sUrya, candra Adi saba kucha binAzIka hai yadi kucha avinAzI hai to vaha hai priya paramAtmA  /  surati aura nirati ke dIpaka meM mana kI vAtI aura prema-haTI ke tela se utpanna hone vAlI jyoti prakSuNNa jinakA piyA paradeza vasata hai likha likha bhejeM pAtI  /  merA piyA mere hIyavata hai nA kaha thAtI jAtI  /  /  candA jAyagA sUraja jAyagA jAyagA dharaNi dhakAsI  /  pavana pAnI donoM hUM jAyage aTala rahe avinAzI || rahegI 1. OMcI aTariyA, lAla kivar3iyA, nirguna seja bichI  /  paMcaraMgI jhAlara subha sohe phUlata phUla kalI  //  bAjUbanda kaDUlA so haiM mAMga seMdUra bharI  /  sumiraNa thAla hAtha meM lInhA sobhA adhika bharI  /   /  seja sukhamaNAM mIrA sovai subha hai prAja ghaDI  //  " 2. bhI cunariyA premarasa bUMdana  /  bhArata sAjakI calI hai suhAgina piya apane ko DhUr3hana  //  mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 218. mIrA kI prema sAdhanA, pR. 222,

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________________ surata nirata kA divalA saMjIle manasA kI kara le bAtI  /  prema haTI kA tela maMgAle jaga rahayA dina te rAtI  /  sataguru miliyA saMsA bhAgyA sena vatAI sAMcI  //  nA ghara terA nA ghara merA gAva mIrA dAsI  //  275 DaoN0 prabhAta ne mIrA kI rahamya bhAvanA ke sandarbha meM DaoN0 zarmA aura DaoN. dvivedI ke kathanoM kA ullekha karate hue apanA niSkarSa diyA hai| nirguNa bhakta binA bAtI, binA tela ke dIpa ke prakAza meM pArabrahma ke jisa khela kI carcA karatA hai, yaha mUlataH saguNa bhaktoM kI 'harilIlA' se vizeSa bhinna nahIM hai  /  DaoN. muzIrAma zarmA ne veda purANa, tantra aura Adhunika vijJAna ke AdhAra para yahI fron nikAlA hai ki 'harilIlA Atmazakti kI vibhinna krIr3AmroM kA citraNa hai  / " rAdhA, kRSNa, gopI prAdi saba prantaH zaktiyoM ke pratIka haiN| DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke adhyayana kA nizva hai ki 'rahasyavAdI vaditA vA kendravindu vaha vastu hai jise bhakti sAhitya meM 'lIlA' kahate hai  /  yadyapi rahasyavAdI bhaktoM kI bhAMti pada-pada para bhagavAna kA nAma lekara bhavana nahIM hai hI  /  ye bhagavAna agama pragovara to hai hI, vAraNI aura mana ke bhI atIta haiM, phira bhI rahasyavAdI kavi unako pratidina pratikSaNa dekhatA rahatA hai- saMsAra meM jo kucha ghaTa rahA hai prora ghaTanA sambhava hai, vaha saba usa premamaya kI lIlA hai- bhagavAna ke sAtha yaha nirantara calanevAlI prema keli hI rahasyavAdI kavitA kA kendra bindu hai  /  " ataH mIrA kI prema-bhAvanA meM 'lIlA' ke isa nirguNatva-nirAkAratva taka aura kadAcit usase pare bhI prasArita sarasa rUpa kA sphuTana honA zrasvAbhAvika nahIM hai  /  prAdhyAtmika satA meM vizvAsa karane vAle kI dRSTi se yaha yathArtha hai, satya hai  /  pazcima ke vidvAnoM ke anukaraNa para ise 'misTisijma' yA rahasyavAda kahanA anucita hai  /  yaha kevama rahasa (prAnandamayI lIlA) hai aura mIrA kI bhakti bhAvanA me isI 'rahasa' kA svara hai  /  * 4 pUra aura tulasI, donoM saguNopAsaka haiM para prantara yaha hai ki sUra kI bhakti sakhyabhAva kI hai aura tulasI kI bhakti dAsyabhAva kI hai| isI taraha mIrA kI bhakti bhI sUra bhaura tulasI, donoM se pRthak hai| mIrA ne kAntAbhAva ko apanAyA hai  /  ina sabhI kaviyoM kI apekSA rahamyabhAvanA kI jo vyApakatA aura pranubhUtiparakA jAyasI 1. mIrA padAvalI, pR. 20. 2. bhAratIya sAdhanA aura sUradAsa, pR. 208. 3. sAhitya kA sAthI, pu. 64. mIrAMbAI, pR. 405, 4.

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________________ 276 meM hai vaha manyatra nahIM miltii| kabIra ko nizapathavA samuNa ke ghere meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA  /  unhoMne yadyapi nimuNopAsanA adhika kI hai para saguNopAsanA kI bhora bhI unakI dRSTi gaI hai  /  unakA uddezya paripUrNa jyotirUpa satpuruSa ko prApta karanA sUra kI madhura bhakti ke sambandha meM DaoN. haravaMzalAla zarmA ke vicAra dRSTavya hai- "hama bhakta sUradAsa kI antarAtmA kA antarbhAva rAdhA me dekhate haiM  /  unhoMne strIbhAva ko to pradhAnatA dI hai parantu parakIyA kI apekSA svakIyA bhAva ko adhika prazraya diyA hai aura usI bhAva se kRSNa ke sAtha ghaniSThatA kA sambandha sthApita kiyA hai| kRSNa ke prati gopiyoM kA AkarSaNa aindriya hai, isalie unakI prIti ko kAmarUpA mAnA hai| sUra kI bhakti kA uddezya bhakta ko saMsAra ke aindriya pralobhanoM se bacAnA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI bhakti-bhAvanA strI-bhAva se protaprota hai, jisakA pratinidhitva gopiyAM karatI haiN|" ve kRSNa meM itanI tallIna haiM ki unakI kAmarUpA prIti bhI niSkAma hai  /  isalie saMyoga-viyoga donoM hI pravasthAnoM meM gopiyoM kA prema eka-rUpa hai| prAtma samarpaNa aura ananya-bhAva madhurabhakti ke lie pAvazyaka hai jo sUrasAgara kI dAnalIlA cIra haraNa aura rAsalIlA meM pUrNatA ko prApta hue haiN| ___ saguNopAsanA meM rahasyAtmaka tatvoM kI abhivyakti iSTa ke sAkAra hone ke kAraNa utanI spaSTa nahIM ho paatii| kahIM kahIM rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke darzanaavazya mila jAte haiN| sUra ne prema kI vyaMjanA ke lie pratIka rUpa meM prakRti kA varNana rahasyAtmaka DhaMga se kiyA hai jo ullekhanIya hai-- cali sakhi tihiM sarovara johi  /  jihiM sarovara kamala kamalA, ravi binA vikasAhiM  /  haMsa ujjvala paMkha nirmala, aMga mali mali nhAhiM  /  /  mukti-muktA anagine phala, tahA~ cuvi cuni khAhi  //  veda kahe saraguna ke prAge niraguNa kA bisarAma  /  saraguna-niraguna tanahu sohAgina, dekha sabahi nijadhAma  /  /  sukha-dukha vahAM kachu nahiM vyApa, darasana pATho jAma  /  nUre proDhana nUre DAsana, nUrekA sirahAna  /  kahe kabIra suno bhaI sAdho, sataguru nUra tamAma  //  kabIra-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 270. 2. sUra aura unakA sAhitya, pR. 245. 3. sUrasAgara, 331,

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________________ 277 sUra kI anyoktiyoM meM kahIM-kahIM rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke darzana hote haiMcakaI rI cala carana sarovara, jahAM na milana vichoha  /  eka anyatra sthAna para bhI sUra ne sUrasAgara kI bhUmikA meM sapane iSTadeva ke sAkAra hote hue usakA nirAkAra brahma jaisA varNana kiyA haivigata gati kachu kahata na bhAvaM  /  gUMge mIThe phala ko rasa antaragata hI bhAva  /  parama svAda savahIM su nirantara pramita toSa upajAve || mana vAnI ko agama agocara jo jAne so pAvai  /  rUpa rekha guna jAti jugati binu nirAlaMba mana dyAve  /  saba vidhi agama vicArahi tAteM sUra saguna pada pAve  //  sUra ke gopAla pUrNa brahma hai| mUla rUpa meM ve nirguNa haiM para sUra ne unheM saguNa ke rUpa meM hI prastuta kiyA yadyapi hai saga uNa aura nirguNa, mila jAtA hai  /  donoM kA prabhAsa tulasI bhI sugaraNopAsaka haiM para sUra ke samAna unhoMne bhI nigA rUga kI mahatva diyA hai  /  unako bhI kezava kA rUpa prakathanIya lagatA hai-- kezava ! kahi na jAi kA kahiye  /  dekhata tava racanA vicitra hari ! samujhi manahiM mana rahiye || sUnya bhIti para citra, raMga nahi, tanu binu likhA citere  /  bhoye miTai na marai bhIti, dukha pAima ehi tanu here  //  ravikara-nIra base prati dAruna makara rUpa tehi mAhIM  /  badana-hIna so prase carAbara, pAna karana je jAhIM  //  kou kaha satya, jhUTha kaha koU, jugala prabala kou mAne  /  tulasidAsa pariharetIta bhrama, sau prApana pahicAnaM  //  tulasI jaise saguNopAsaka bhakta bhI apane prArAdhya ko kisI nirguNopAsaka rahasyavAdI sAdhaka se kama rahasyamaya nahIM batalAte  /  rAmacaritamAnasa meM unhoMne likhA hai "Adi aMta ko jAsu na pAvA  /  mati anumAni nigama jasa gAvA  /  binu pada calai sunai binu kAnA  /  kara bimu karama karai vidhi nAnA  / " isa prakAra saguNopAsaka kaviyoM meM mIrA ko chor3akara prAyaH grantha kaviyoM meM rahasyAtmaka tatvoM kI utanI gaharI anubhUti nahIM dikhAI detI  /  isakA kAraNa 1. vahI, skandha 1 pada 2. 2. vinayapatrikA, 111 vAM pada

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________________ 278 spaSTa hai ki vAmpatyabhAva meM prema kI jo prakarSatA dekhI jA sakatI hai vaha dAsya bhAva mathavA sasya bhAva meM sambhava kahAM  /  isake bAvajUda unameM kisI na kisI taraha sAdhya kI prApti meM unakI bhakti sakSama huI hai aura unhoMne parama brahma kI anirvacanIyatA kA anubhava kiyA hai| 5. suphI bhora jaina rahasyabhAvamA madhyAkAlIna sUphI hindI jana sAhitya ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sUphI kaviyoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya aura darzana se jo kucha grahaNa kiyA hai usameM jaina darzana kI bhI paryApta mAtrA rahI hai| jAyasI brahma ko sarvavyApaka, zAzvata, malakha aura prarUpI 1 mAnate haiN| jainadarzana meM bhI mAtmA ko prarasa, arUpI aura cetanA guNa se yukta mAnate haiM  /  sUphiyoM ne mUlataH prAtmA ke do bheda kiye haiMnaphasa aura rUha  /  naphasa saMsAra meM bhaTakanevAlA mAtmA hai aura rUha viveka sampanna hai| jaina darzana meM bhI prAtmA ke do svarUpoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai-pAramArthika pora vyAvahArika  /  pAramArthika dRSTi me prAtmA gAzvata hai aura vyAvahArika dRSTi se vaha sasAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai  /  sUphI darzana meM rUha ko viveka sampanna mAnA gayA hai  /  jenoM ne prAtmA kA guNa anantajJAna-darzana rUpa mAnA hai  /  sUphI darzana meM rUha (uccatara) ke tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM-kalva (dila), rUha (jAna), sirra (antaHkaraNa)  /  jainoM ne bhI prAtmA ke tIna bheda mAne haiM- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA saphiyoM ke mAtmA kA sira rUpa jainoM kA antarAtmA kahA jA sakatA hai| yahI se paramAtmA pada kI prApti kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| saMsAra kI sRSTi kA hara konA sUphI darzana ke anusAra brahma kA hI praza hai  /  para jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi kI saracanA meM paramAtmA kA koI hAtha nahIM rhtaa| jaina darzana kA prAtmA hI vizuddha hokara paramAtmA banatA hai arthAtU usako AtmA me hI paramAtmA kA vAsa rahatA hai para prajJAna ke bhAvaraNa ke kAraNa vaha prakaTa nahIM ho pAtA  /  jAyasI ne bhI guru rUpI paramAtmA ko apane hRdaya meM pAyA hai| jAyasI kA brahma sAre saMsAra meM vyApta hai maura usI ke rUpa se sArA saMsAra jyotirmAna hai| gaino kA bhAtmA bhI sarvavyApaka 1. jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 3. samayasAra, 49%; nATaka samayasAra, utthAnikA, 36-47. 3. hiya ke joti dIpa vaha sUjhA-jAyasI granthAvalI, pR. 51. 4. jAyasI prathAvalI, pR. 156. 5. guru more more hiya diye turaMgama ThATa, vahI, pR. 105. 6. nayana jo dekhA kaMvalabhA, niramala nIra sarIra  /  haMsata jo dekhA haMsa bhA, dasana joti naga hIra  /  /  vahI, pR. 25. .

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________________ 279 hai aura usake vizuddha svarUpa meM saMsAra kA hara padArya darpaNavat pratibhASita hotA jAyasI ne brahma ke sAtha prarvatAvasthA pAne meM mAyA (alAuddIna) aura saitAna (rAghavadUta) ko bASaka tatva mAne haiN| bAsanAtmaka mAsikta hI mAyA hai| zaMtAna prema-sAdhanA kI parIkSA lene vAlA tatva hai  /  padmAvata meM nAgamatI ko duniyAM aMdhA, malAuddIna ko mAyA evaM rAghava cetana ko zaitAna ke rUpa meM isIlie citrita kiyA gayA hai  /  jAyasI ne likhA hai-maiMne jaba taka prAsmA svarUpI guru ko nahIM pahicAnA, taba taka karor3oM parde bIca meM the, kintu jJAnodaya ho jAne para mAyA ke saba prAvaraNa naSTa ho gaye, prAtmA aura jIvagata bheda naSTa ho gyaa| jIva jaba apane pAtmabhAva ko pahicAna letA hai to phira yaha anubhava ho jAtA hai ki tana, mana, jIvana saba kucha vahI eka prAtmadeva hai  /  loga ahaMkAra ke vazIbhUta hokara daMta bhAva meM phaMse rahate haiM, kintu jyoM hI ahaMkAra naSTa ho jAtA hai  /  advaita sthiti mA jAtI hai| mAyA kI aparimita zakti hai  /  usane ratanasena jaise siddha sAdhaka ko padacyuta kara diyA  /  alAuddIna rUpI mAyA sadeva striyoM me prAsakta rahatI hai| chala-kapaTa bhI usakI anyatama vizeSatA hai  /  daza dvAra meM sthita prAtmatatva ko antarmukhI dRSTi se hI dekhA jA sakatA hai para mAyA isa prAtmadarzana meM bAdhA DAlatI hai| mAyA ko isIlie Thaga, baTamAra prAdi jaisI upamAyeM bhI dI gaI haiN| saMsAra mithyA-mAyA kA pratIka hai  /  yaha saba prasAra hai  /  jaina darzana meM mAyA-moha athavA karma ko sAdhya prApti meM sarvAdhika bAdhaka kAraNa mAnA gayA hai  /  isameM prAsakta vyakti aindrika sukha ko hI yathArtha sukha mAnatA hai  /  yahAM mAyA zaitAna jaise pRthak do tatva nahIM mAne gaye  /  sArA saMsAra mAyA aura mithyAtva janya hI hai  /  mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI isa kSaNika saMsAra ko jIva apanA mAnatA hai  /  jAyasI ne jise antarapaTa athavA antaradarzana kahA hai, jaina dharma use mAtmajJAna prathavA bhedavijJAna kahatA hai| jaba taka bhedavijJAna nahIM hotA taba taka mithyAtva, mAyA. karma athavA ahaMkAra Adi dUra nahIM hote| jAyasI ke samAna yahAM jIva aura prAtmA do pRthak tatva nahIM hai| jIva hI prAtmA hai  /  use mAyA mI 1. apacanasAra, prathama adhikAra, banArasI vilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 4. 2. jAyasI granthamAlA, pR. :01. 3. jaba lagi guru ho mahA na cInhA  /  koTi antarapada bIcahi dInhA  /  /  jaba cInhA taba aura koI  /  tana mana jiu jIvana saba soii|| 'ho ho' karata pokha itarAhI  /  jaba bhI siddha kahAM paravAhIM  /  /  vahI, pR. 105, jAyasI kA padmAvata kAvya paura darzana, pR. 219-26. 4. nATaka samayasAra, jIvadvAra, 23.

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________________ 280 ThavilI jaba Thaga letI hai lo vaha saMsAra meM janma-maraNa ke cakkara lagAtI rahatI hai| vAsanA ko yahAM bhI saMsAra kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| mithyAtva ko duHkhadAyI paura bhAsmazAna ko mokSa kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai  /  ana yogasAdhanA ke samAna sUphI yoga sAdhanA bhI hai| aSTAMgayoga aura yama-niyama lagabhaga samAna haiN| jAyasI kA yoga prema se sambalita hai para jena yoga nahIM  /  jAyasI ne rAjayoga mAnA hai, haThayoga nahIM  /  jana bhI haThayoga ko mukti kA sAdhana nahIM mAnate  /  sUphiyoM meM jIvanamukti aura jIvanottara mukti donoM muphtiyoM kA varNana milatA hai  /  jIvana mukti dilAne vAlI vaha bhAvanA hai jo phanA paura bakA ko eka kara detI hai  /  phanA meM jIva kI sArI sAMsArika mAkAMkSAyeM, moha, mithyAtva mAdi naSTa ho jAte hai  /  jainadharma me isI avasthA ko vItarAga avasthA kahA gayA hai| isI ko padvatAvasthA bhI kaha sakate haiM jahAM prAtmA apanI paramocca avasthA me lIna ho jAtI hai| yahI nirdhAraNa hai jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ke paripAlana se prApta hotA hai  /  jAyasI ne bhI gaino ke samAna totA rUpa sadguru ko mahatva diyA hai  /  yahI padmAvatI rUpI sAdhya kA darzana karatA hai| jAyasI ne viraha ko prema se bhI adhika mahatva diyA hai  /  isolie jAyasI kA viraha daNana sAhitya aura darzana ke kSetra me eka anupama yogadAna hai| uttarakAlIna jaina bhakta sAdhaka bhI isa viraha kI jvAlA meM jale haiN| banArasIdAsa mora mAnandadhana ko isa dRSTi se nahIM mulAyA jA sktaa| jAyasI ke samAna hI hindI gaina kaviyoM ne bhI mAdhyAtmika vivAha aura milana racAye haiM  /  jAyasI ne paramAtmA ko pati rUpa mAnA hai para vaha hai strii-pdmaavtii| yadyapi jana sAyako-bhaktoM ne paramAtmA kA pati rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai para usakA rUpa strI nahIM, puruSa rahA hai| banArasIdAsa kA nAma dAmpatyamUlaka jaina sAdhako me agraNIya hai| nAyasI aura hindI jaina kaviyoM kI varNana zailI meM avazya antara hai| jAyasI ne bhAratIya lokakathA kA prAdhAra lekara eka sarasa rUpaka bar3A kiyA hai aura usI ke mAdhyama se sUphI darzana ko spaSTa kiyA hai| parantu jaina sAhitya ke kaSiyoM ne loka kathAmoM kA pAzraya bhale hI liyA ho para unameM vaha rahasyAnubhUti nahIM jo jAyasI me dikhAI detI hai  /  jainoM ne apane tIrthakara neminAtha ke vivAha kA khuba varNana kiyA aura unake viraha meM rAjula rUpa sAdhaka kI pAtmA ko tar3akAyA bhI hai 1. pravacanasAra, 64%; banArasIvilAsa, jJAnavAvanI, 16-30. 2. uttarAdhyayama, 20:37; hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 36. 3. paMcAritakAya, 162; nATaka.samayasAra, saMvaradvAra, 6, pR.125.

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________________ 281 parantu milana ke mAdhyama se pranirvacanIya mAnanda kI prApti ke prasphuTana ko bhUla gaye, jisa jAyasI ne apanI jAdU bharI kamala se prApta karAyA hai, vahAM padmAvatI rUpI paramAtmA kI rasnasena rUpI priyatama sAdhaka ke viraha se prAkula-vyAkula huI hai  /  jainoM kA paramAtmA sAdhaka ke lie itanA tar3aphatA humA dikhAI nahIM detA vaha tar3aphe bhI kyoM ? vaha to vecArA vItarAgI hai  /  rAgI prAtmA bhale hI tar3apattI rhe| isa prakAra sUphI paura jaina rahasyabhAvanA ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se yaha patA calatA hai ki sUkI kadhi jaina sAdhanA se bahuta kucha prabhAvita rahe haiM  /  unhoMne apanI sAhityika sakSamatA se isa prabhAva ko bhalIbhAMti antabhUta kiyA hai  /  unakI kathAyeM jahAM eka tarapha laukika dikhAI detI haiM vahA rUpaka ke mAdhyama se vahI pAralaukika dikhatI haiM jabaki jaina kavi pratibhA sampanna hote hue bhI isa zailI ko nahIM apanA sake  /  unakA vizeSa uddezya prAdhyAtmika siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa karanA rahA  /  jAyasI kA mAramA aura brahma ye donoM pRthak-pRthak tatva haiM jo antarmukhI vRttiyoM ke mAdhyama se pradata avasthA meM pahuMcate hai jaba ki gainoM kA paramAtmA prAtmA ko hI vizuddhatama sthiti hai  /  vahAM do pRthak-pRyak tatva nahIM isalie milana yA brahmasAkSAtkAra kI samAna tIvratA hote hue bhI dizA me alaga-alaga rhiiN| 6. nirguka rahasyabhAvanA aura ana rahasyabhAvanA nirguNa kA tAtparya hai--pUrNavItarAga bhavasthA  /  kabIra prAdi nirguNI santoM kA brahma isI prakAra kA nirguNa aura nirAkAra mAnA jAtA hai| kabIra ne niguNa ke sAtha hI saguNa brahma kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki kabIra kA brahma nirAkAra pora sAkAra, dvaita aura paddhata tathA bhAvarUpa bhaura prabhAvarUpa hai| jaise janoM ke anekAnta meM do viroSI pahalU prapekSAkRta dRSTi se nibha sakate haiM, vaise kabIra ke brahma meM bhI haiN| kabIra para jAne-anajAne eka aisI paramparA kA jabaradasta prabhAva par3A thA, jo apane meM pUrNa thI aura spaSTata: kabIradAsa kI satyAnveSaka buddhi ne use svIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne anubhUti ke mAdhyama se use pahicAnA  /  jaina paramparA meM bhI mAtmA ke do rUpa milate haiM-nikala aura sakala  /  ise hI hama kramazaH nirgaNa paura saguNa kaha sakate haiM  /  rAmasiMha ne nirguNa ko hI niHsaMga kahA hai| use hI 1. santo, SokhA kAMsU kahiye guNa meM niraguNa niraguNa meM guNa bATa chADi syU kahiye ?-kabIra graMthAvalI, pada 180. 2. jaina zoSa mora samIkSA-pR. 62. 3. paramAtmaprakAza, 1-25. 4. pAhAbohA, 100.

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________________ 282 niraMjana bhI kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki paMcaparameSThiyoM meM mahenla pora siddha kamazaH saguNa pora nirguNa brahma hai jise kabIra ne svIkAra kiyA hai| banArasIdAsa ne isI nirguNa ko zuddha, buddha, pavinAzI aura ziva saMjJAoM se abhihita kiyA hai| kabIra kI mAyA, bhrama, mithyAjJAna, krodha, lobha, moha, vAsanA, prAsakti prAdi manovikAra mana ke paridhAna haiM jinhoMne triloka ko apane vaza meM kiyA hai| yaha mAyA brahma kI lIlA kI zakti hai  /  isI ke kAraNa manuSya digbhramita hotA hai  /  isalie ise ThagorI, ThaginI, chalanI. nAgani mAdi kahA gayA hai  /  kabIra ne vyAvahArika dRSTi se mAyA ke tIna bheda mAne haiM- moTI mAyA, jhInI mAyA aura vidyArUpiNI  /  moTo mAyA ko karma kahA gayA hai| isake antargata bana, sampadA, kanaka kAminI Adi pAte haiN| pUjA-pATha Adi vAhyADambara meM ulajhanA bhI aise karma haiM jinase vyakti paramapada kI prApti nahIM kara pAtA  /  jhInI mAyA ke antargata prAzA, tRSNA, mAna prAdi manovikAra pAte haiN| vidyArUpiNI mAyA ke mAdhyama se santa sAdhya taka pahuMcane kA prayatna karate hai  /  yaha AtmA kA vyAvahArika svarUpa hai  /  gaino kA mithyAtva athavA karma kabIra kI mAyA ke siddhAnta ke samAnArthaka hai  /  kabIra ke samAna jaina kaviyoM ne bhI mAyA ko ThaginI kahA hai  /  kabIra kI moTI mAyA jenoM kA karma hai jisake kAraNa jIva meM mohAsakti banI rahatI hai| jaisA hama dekha cuke haiM, jaina kavi bhI kabIra ke samAna bAhyADambara ke pakSa meM bilakula nahIM haiM  /  ve to prAtmA ke vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie vizuddha sAdhana ko hI apanAne kI bAta karate hai| vidyArUpipI mAyA kA sambandha muniyoM ke cAritra se jor3A jA sakatA hai| kabIra aura jainoM kI mAyA meM mUlabhUta antara yahI hai ki kabIra mAyA ko brahma kI lIlA zakti mAnate haiM para jaina use eka manovikArajanya karma kA bheda svIkAra karate haiM  /  mAyA athavA manovikAroM se mukta honA hI mukti ko prApta karanA hai| usake binA saMsAra-sAgara se pAra nahIM humA jA sktaa| isalie 'mApA para saba 1. paramAtma prakAza, 1-19. 2. banArasIvilAsa, zivapaccIsI, 1-25. 3. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 166. 4. vahI, pR. 151. 5. vahI, pR. 116. 6. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 145.

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________________ 283 eka samAna, taba hama pAyA pada niravAraNa' kahakara kabIra ne mukti-mArga ko nirdiSTa kaviyoM ne ise hI bhedavijJAna kahA hai aura vahI mokSa kA kAraNa kabIra aura jaina, donoM saMsAra ko duHkhamaya, kSaNika aura zranitya kiyA hai| jaina mAnA gayA hai mAnate haiM  /  narabhava durlabhatA ko bhI donoM ne svIkAra bhAva ko prantakara muktAvasthA prApta karane kI bAta kiyA hai| donoM ne hI duvidhA kahI hai| kabIra kI jIvanmukta aura videha zravasthA jainoM kI kevalI bhora siddha avasthA kahI jA sakatI hai  /  svAnubhUti ko jainoM ke samAna nirguNI sannoM ne bhI mahatva diyA hai  /  kabIra ne brahma ko hI pAramArthika sat mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki brahma svayaM jJAna rUpa hai, sarvatra vyApaka hai aura prakAzita hai --' avigata aparapAra brahma, gyAna rUpa saba ThAma jainoM kA zrAtmA bhI cetana guNa rUpa hai aura jJAna darzana zakti se samanvita hai  /  isI jJAna zakti se mithyAjJAna kA vinAza hotA hai  /  kabIra kI 'mAnamadRSTi' jainoM kA bheda vijJAna athavA AtmajJAna hai  /  banArasIdAsa, dyAnatarAya zrAdi hindI jaina kaviyoM ne sahajabhAva ko bhI kabIra ke samAna apane DhaMga se liyA hai  /  aSTAMga yogoM kA bhI lagabhaga samAna varNana huA hai| zuSka haThayoga ko jaino ne pravazya svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| kabIra ke samAna jaina kavi bhI samarasI hue haiM aura prema ke khUba pyAle piye haiN| tabhI to unakA duvidhA bhAva jA sakA  /  kabIra ne likhA hai pANI hI teM hima bhayA, hima hai gayA bilAi | jo kucha thA soI bhayA, aba kachu kahayA najAI  //  isa samarasatA ko prApta karane ke lie kabIra ne apane ko 'rAma kI bahuriyA ' mAnakara brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| piyA ke premarasa meM bhI kabIra ne khUba nahAyA hai  /  banArasIdAsa aura prAnandaghana ne bhI isI prakAra dAmpatyamUlaka prema ko apanAyA hai| kabIra ke samAna hI chohala bhI apane priyatama ke viraha se pIr3ita hai  /  prAnandaghana kI AtmA so kabIra se bhI adhika priyatama ke viyoga meM tar3apatI dikhAI detI hai 18 kabIra kI cunariyA ko usake pritama ne saMvArA' aura bhagavatIdAsa ne prapanI cunariyA ko iSTadeva ke raMga meM raMgA 18 kabIra prora banArasIdAsa, donoM kA prema prahetuka hai| donoM kI paliyA apane priyatama ke viyoga meM jala ke binA 4. banArasIdAsa ne bhI aisA hI kahA hai piya more ghaTa me piya mAMhi, jalataraMga jyo duvidhA nAhi  // 5 1. nATaka samayasAra, nirjarA dvAra, pR. 210 2. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 241 3. vahI, pR. 100. kabIra guMthAvalI, paracA kau aMga, 17. banArasI vilAsa, pradhyAtmagIta, 16. 5. 6. 7. 8. kabIra -DaoN0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI, pR. 187. khUnI, hastalikhita prati, apabhraMza aura hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda, pR. 94. dhAnambadhana bahottarI, 32-41

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________________ 284 machalI ke samAna tar3aphI haiM  /  mAdhyAmika vivAha racAkara bhI viyoga kI sarjanA huI hai| brahma milana ke lie nirguNI santoM aura jaina kaviyoM ne khUba raMgareliyAM bhI khelI haiN| isa prakAra nirguNiyAM santoM aura madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ne thor3I bahuta masamAnatAbhoM ke sAtha-sAtha samAna rUpa se guru kI preraNA pAkara brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai  /  isake lie unhoMne bhakti athavA prapatti kI sArI vidhAnoM kA mAzraya liyA hai  /  jaina sAdhakoM ne apane iSTa deva kI vItarAgatA ko jAnate hae bhI anAvazat unakI sAdhanA kI hai| 7. saguNa rahasyamAvanA mora jaina rahasyabhAvanA jaisA hama pIche dekha cuke haiM, saguNa bhaktoM ne bhI brahma ko priyatama mAnakara usakI sAdhanA kI hai  /  jaina bhaktoM ne bhI sakala paramAtmA kA varNana kiyA hai jo saguNa brahma kA samAnArthaka kahA jA sakatA hai  /  mIrA meM sUra pora tulasI kI apekSA rahasyAnubhUti adhika milatI hai  /  isakA kAraNa hai ki sUra aura tulasI kA sAdhya pratyakSa aura sAkAra rhaa| mIrA kA bhI, parantu saguNa bhaktoM meM kAntAbhAva mIrA meM hI dekhA jAtA hai isalie prema kI divAnI mIrA meM jo mAdakatA hai vaha na to sUra meM hai aura na tulasI meM aura na jaina kaviyoM meN| yaha avazya hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne apane paramAtmA kI nirguNa aura saguNa donoM rUpoM kI viraha vedanA ko sahA hai  /  eka yaha bAta bhI hai ki madhyakAlIna janetara kaviyoM ke samAna hindI jaina kaviyoM ke bIca nirguNa athavA saguNa bhakti zAkhA kI sImA rekhA nahIM khicii| ve donoM pravasthAnoM ke pujArI rahe haiM kyoMki ye donoM avasthAyeM eka hI mAtmA kI mAnI gaI haiN| unheM hI jaina pAribhASika zabdoM meM siddha aura mahanta kahA gayA hai| mIrA kI tanmayatA aura ekAkAratA banArasIdAsa aura mAnandaghana meM acchI taraha se dekhI jAtI hai  /  rahasya sAdhanA ke bAdhaka tatvoM meM mAyA, moha mAdi ko bhI donoM paramparAmoM ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai  /  sAdhaka tatvoM meM ina bhaktoM se bhakti tattva kI pradhAnatA adhika rahI hai| bhakti ke dvArA hI unhoMne apane mArAdhya ko pratyakSa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai  /  yahI unakI mukti kA sAdhana rahA hai| sAdhana kA patha sugama banAne aura sulAne ke sandarbha meM jaina evaM jainetara sabhI santoM aura bhaktoM ne guru kI mahimA kA gAna kiyA hai  /  mIrA ke hRdaya meM kRSNa prema kI cinagArI bacapana se hI vidyamAna thii| usako prajvalita karane kA zreya unake bhAvuka guru redAsa ko hai jo eka bhAvuka bhakta evaM santa the| mIrA ke guru raidAsa hone meM kucha samAlocaka sandeha vyakta karate haiM  /  jo bhI ho, mIrA ke kucha padoM meM jogI kA ullekha milatA hai jisane mIrA ke hRdaya meM prema kI cinagArI boii|| 1. jogiyA kahAM gayA nehar3I lagAya  /  chor3a gayA bisavAsa saMghAtI prema kI bAtI braay| mIrA ke prabhu kaba re miloge tuma bina raho ma jaaii| mIrA kI prema sApanA, pR. 168,

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________________ jaina sAdhakoM ne bhI saurA ke samAna guru ( sadaguru ) kI mahattA ko sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta banAne ke sandarbha meM abhivyaMjita kiyA hai  /  antara mAtra cinagArI prajvalita karane kI mAtrA kA hai  / " mIrA pra ema mAdhuryabhAva kA hai jisameM bhagavAna kRSNa kI upAsanA priyatama ke rUpa meM kI hai| isase adhika sundara-sundara sambandha kI kalpanA hI bhI nahIM sakatI  /  viraha aura milana kI jo dhanubhUti ghora abhivyakti isa mAdhuryabhAva meM khilI hai vaha sakhya dhaura dAsyabhAva meM kahAM ! isalie mIrA ke samAna hI jaina kaviyoM ne dAmpatyamUlaka bhAva ko hI apanAyA hai| mIrA priyatama ke premarasa meM bhIgI cunariyA ko pror3hakara sAja zrRMgAra karake priyatama ko DhUr3hane jAtI hai usake viraha meM tar3apatI hai| isa sandarbha meM bArahamAse kA citraNa bhI kiyA hai sArI sRSTi milana kI utkaNThA meM sAja-sajA rahI hai parantu mIrA ko priyatama kA viyoga khala rahA hai  /  prAkhira priyatama se milana hotA hai  /  vaha to usake hRdaya meM hI basA huA hai vaha kyoM yahAM-vahAM bhttke| yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa ho jAtA hai| usa prAgama deza kA bhI mIrA ne mohaka varNana kiyA hai  /  jaina sAdhakoM kI zrAtmA bhI mIrA ke samAna apane priyatama ke viraha meM tar3apatI hai  / " bhUdharadAsa kI rAjula rUpa zrAtmA apane priyatama nemIzvara ke viraha meM mIrA ke samAna hI tar3apatI hai| isI sandarbha meM mIrA ke samAna bArahamAsoM kI bhI sarjanA huI hai  / " priyatama se milana hotA hai aura usa zrAnandopalabdhi kI vyaMjanA mIrA se kahIM adhika sarasa bana par3I hai| sUra aura tulasI yadyapi mUlataH rahasyavAdI kabi nahIM haiM phira bhI unake kucha padoM meM rahasyabhAvanAtmaka anubhUti jhalakatI hai jinakA ullekha hama pahale kara cuke haiN| isa prakAra sUphI, nirguNa aura saguNa zAkhAdhoM kI rahasyabhAvanA jaina dharma kI rahasya bhAvanA se bahuta kucha milatI-julatI hai, jo antara bhI hai, vaha dArzanika pakSa kI pRSThabhUmi para prAdhArita hai  /  sAdhAraNataH mukti ke sAdhaka maura bAdhaka tatvoM ko samAna rUpa se sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai| saMsAra kI prasAratA aura mAnava janma 1. 2. 3. 4. 285 S. dina-dina mahotsava pratiSaraNA, zrI saMgha bhagati suhAi  /  mana suddhi zrI gurusevI yaha, jiraNI sevyai ziva sukha pAi || jaina aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha - kuzala lAbha - 53 vAM pada madhyAtma gIta, banArasI vilAsa, pU. 159-60 bhUSara vilAsa, 45 vAM pada pU. 25. kavi vinodIlAla- bArahamAsA saMgraha kalakattA, 42 vAM padya, pR. 24, lakSmI ballabha nemi - rAjula bArahamAsA, pahalA padya. mAnandavana pada saMgraha, mAdhyAtmika jJAna prasAraka maNDala bambaI, cauthA pada, pra. 7.

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________________ 286 kI durlabhatA se bhI kisI ko inkAra nahIM  /  prapattibhAvanA garbhita dAmpatya mUlaka prema kI bhI sabhI kaviyoM ne hInAdhika rUpa se apanAyA hai| parantu jaina kaviyoM kA dRSTikoNa siddhAntoM ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha hI bhaktibhAva ko pradarzita karatA rahA hai| isalie jantara kaviyoM kI tulanA meM unameM bhAvukatA ke darzana utane adhika nahIM ho pAte  /  phira bhI rahasya bhAvanA ke sabhI tasva unake kAvya meM dikhAI dete haiM  /  tathya to yaha hai ki darzana aura adhyAtma kI rahasya - bhAvanA kA jitanA sundara samanvaya madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM ke kAvya meM milatA hai utanA anyatra nahIM  /  sAhitya kSetra ke lie bhI unakI yaha eka anupama dena mAnI jAnI cAhie  /  8. madhyakAlIna jaina rahasyabhAvanA aura prAdhunika rahasyavAda madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya ke antadarzana se yaha spaSTa hai ki usameM nihita rahasyabhAvanA aura prAdhunika kAvya meM abhivyakta rahasyabhAvanA meM sAmya kama aura vaiSamya adhika dikhAI detA hai  /  (1) jaina rahasyabhAvanA zAntA bhakti pradhAna hai  /  usameM vItarAgatA, niHsaMgatA aura nirAkulatA ke bhAvoM para sAdhakoM kI bhagavadbhakti avalambita rahI hai  /  banArasI dAsa ne to navarasoM meM zAnta rama ko hI pradhAna mAnA hai-navamo sAnta rasaniko nAyaka  / " bAta sahI bhI hai| jaba taka karmoM kA upazamana nahIM hogA. rahasyabhAvanA kI caramotkarSa pravasthA kaise prApta kI jA sakatI hai ? zama hI zAnta rasa kA sthAyIbhAva mAnA gayA hai  /  jaina granthoM kA antima maMgalAcaraNa prAya: gAnti kI yAcanA meM hI samApta hotA hai--- dezasya rASTrasya purasya rAjJaH karotu zAnti bhagavajjinendra:  /  2 jaina maMtra bhI zAntiparaka hai  /  unameM sAtvika bhakti nihita hai  /  rAga-dveSAdi vikAra bhAvoM se virakta hokara carama zAnti kI yAcanA garbhita hai  /  isalie zAnta rasa ko banArasIdAsa ne 'prAtmika rasa' kahA hai| maiyA bhagavatIdAsa ne bhI jaina mata ko zAntarasa kA mata mAnA hai  /  vastutaH samUcA jaina sAhitya zAnti rasa se prAplAvita hai 15 (1) Adhunika sAhitya me abhivyakta rahasyavAda prastuta rahasyavAda se bhinna hai  /  usameM karmopazamanajanya zAnti kA koI sthAna nahI  /  zrAdhunika rahasyavAda meM prAcIna jaMna rahasyavAda kI apekSA AdhyAtmikatA ke darzana bahuta kama hote haiM  /  dhArmika dRSTi kA lagabhaga prabhAva-sA hai  /  usakI mukhya preraNA mAnavIya ra sAMskRtika hai  /  nATaka samayasAra, sarvavizuddhi dvAra 10, dazabhaktyAdi saMgraha, pR. 181, zloka 14 vAM nATaka samayasAra utthAnikA, 19 vAM padya zAnta rasavAre kaheM, mana ko nivAre raheM, beI prAna pyAre raheM, aura saravAre haiM | brahmavilAsa, Izvara nirNaya paccIsI, 6 vAM kavitta, pR. 253. 5. jaina zodha aura samIkSA- DaoN. premasAgara jaina, jayapura, pR. 169-208, 1. 2. 3. 4. 133, pR. 307.

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________________ 287 (2) madhyakAlIna hindI jaina rahasyabhAvanA ke sandarbha meM sAdhakoM kA prakRti prati jijJAsA kA bhAva bahuta kama haiM jaba ki zrAdhunika rahasyavAda virATa prakRti kI ramaNIyatA meM hI pradhika palA-pusA hai| prasAda, nirAlA, panta aura mahAdevI safe afart kA rahasyavAda prAkRtika rahasyAnubhUti ke madhura svara se prApUrita hai  /  rahasyamayI sattA kA prAbhAsa dene meM unakI pravRtti hI sahAyaka hotI hai  /  lagatA hai, prAcIna jaina kavi prakRti ko brahma sAkSAtkAra meM bAdhaka tatva mAnate rahe haiM  /  para sarafts afari ne prakRti ko bAdhaka na mAnakara use sAdhaka mAnA hai  /  (3) zabdoM kA sImita bandhana rahasyavAda kI abhivyakti meM samartha nahIM  /  ataH usakI guhyatA ko svara dene ke lie jaina sAdhaka kaviyoM ne pratIkoM kA mAdhyama apnaayaa| prAcIna jaina kaviyoM ne samudra sUrya, candra, nakSatra, vana, nirbhara, hasa, turaMga, miTTI prAdi upakaraNoM ko cunA  /  zrAdhunika rahasyavAda meM bhI una upakaraNoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai parantu sAtha hI usameM kucha abhAratIya pratIkoM kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai  /  (4) Adhunika rahasyavAda dhArmika dRSTikoNa ke abhAva meM mAtra eka kalpanA pradhAna kAvya zailI banakara sAmane AyA hai, parantu prAcIna rahasyavAda meM usakA anubhUti pakSa kahIM adhika prabala dikhAI detA hai  /  sAdhya kI prApti meM prema se nahIM baca  /  parantu prAdhunika (5) prAcIna rahasyasAdhanA me dAmpatyamUlaka prema ko eka viziSTa sAdhana mAnA gayA hai  /  nirguNa rahasyavAdI bhI isa ske| saguNavAdiyoM kA brahma bhI avigata aura gocara ho gayA afa itane adhika sAdhaka nahIM bana sake  /  unakI sAdhanA sUkhe phUla kI mujhayI paMkhur3iyoM ke samAna pratIta hotI hai  /  usameM sAdhanA kI sugandhi nahIM  /  vaha to prema aura vAsanA kI bU me pratIkoM kI mAtra kahAnI hai  /  (6) prAcIna jaina rahasyavAdiyoM ke kAvya meM dArzanika zraura zrAdhyAtmika pakSa kI sundara samanvita bhUmikA milatI hai para prAdhunika rahasyavAda meM dArzanika pakSa gauNa ho gayA hai  /  va dAmpatyamUlaka sUtra ke sAtha rAgAtmaka sambandha ke viziSTa yoga meM brahma milana kI bhAturatA chipI huI hai  /  (7) madhyakAlIna jaina rahasyavAda meM saMsArI zrAtmA hI apane vizuddha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke lie tar3apatI hai aura usake viyoga meM jalatI hai vahI usakA priyatama brahma hai| Adhunika rahasyavAda meM bhI isa vedanA ke darzana hote haiM  /  para viraha kI tIvra anubhUti prAcIna kAvya meM adhika abhivyakti huI hai| vahAM prAtmasamarpaNa kI bhAvanA, cintana-manana garbhita hai  /  bhadvatavAda kI sthiti donoM meM avazya hai para usakI prApti ke mArgoM meM kicit antara hai  /  eka meM prAcAra kI pradhAnatA hai to dUsare kA sambandha bhAvoM se adhika hai  /  rAgAtmaka bhAkarSaNa Adhunika rahasyavAda meM kahIM adhika hai  / 

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________________ 288 (8) jaina rahasyabhAvanA meM sarvAtmavAda kA kA darzana hotA hai para vaha jaina siddhAntoM ke anurUpa hai  /  prAdhunika rahasyavAda kA sarvAtmavAdI darzana akhamaMgura saMsAra ko IzvarIya sattA meM antarbhUta karatA hai  /  yaha sthiti usI prakAra aMgrejI romANTika kaviyoM meM varDasavartha va bleka kI hai jo prAdhyAtmika sattA para vizvAsa karate haiM aura zailI uttracvAdI haiM  /  phira bhI donoM sarvAtmavAdI tattva ko sahaja svIkAra karate haiM  / " jaina dharma prAtmA ko jJAna-darzana maya mAnakara sarvAtmavAda kI kalpanA karatA hai  /  (9) prAcIna rahasyavAda meM sAdhaka saMsAra, zarIra mAdi nazvara padArthoM ko janma-maraNa kA kAraNa mAnakara use tyAjya mAnatA hai  /  para Adhunika rahasyavAda meM usake prati saundaryamayI dRSTikoNa hai  /  (10) prAcIna rahasyabhAvanA meM vaiyaktika svara adhika hai para Adhunika rahasya - vAda sArvabhaumikatA ko lie hue hai  /  (11) prAcIna rahasyavAdI sAdhanA sAmpradAyika dyAdhAra para pradhika hotI rahI para Adhunika rahasyavAda meM sAmpradAyikatA kA puTa apekSAkRta bahuta kama hai  /  (12) prAcIna jaina kiMvA janetara rahasyavAdI sAdhaka bhAratIya sAdhanA-prakAra se sambaddha the para Adhunika rahasyavAdI kaviyoM para hIgala varDasavartha, bleka, barnArDazA, * zrAdi kA prabhAva mAnA jAtA hai  /  2 isa prakAra prAcIna aura Adhunika rahasyabhAvanA kiMvA rahasyavAda meM sambandha avazya hai para sAdhakoM ke dRSTikoNa nizcita hI bhinna-bhinna rahe haiN| prAcIna sAdhakoM ke samAna, prasAda, nirAlA, panta, mahAdevI varmA zrAdi prAdhunika rahasyavAdI kaviyoM para bhI darzana vizeSa kI chApa dikhAI detI hai  /  para ve prAcIna kaviyoM ke samAna sAmpradAyikatA ke raMga meM utane adhika raMge nhiiN| isakA mukhya karaNa yaha thA ki donoM yugoM ke sAdhaka apane yuga kI paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita rahe haiN| isalie rahasya bhAvanA ko sahI artha me samajhane ke lie hameM usake vikAsAtmaka svarUpa ko samajhanA par3egA  /  isa sandarbha meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kAvya meM abhivyakta rahasyabhAvanA kI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura na use sAmpradAyikatA athavA dhArmikatA ke ghere meM bAMdhakara anAvazyaka kahA jA sakatA hai  /  hamAre prastuta adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki rahasyabhAvanA ke vikAsa meM madhyakAlIna hindI jaina kaviyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai  /  1. prAdhunika hindI sAhitya kI vicAradhArA para pAzcAtya prabhAva DaoN. harIkRSNa purohita, pR. 251. 2. 3. vahI, pR. 241-277 vizeSa dRSTavya - chAyAvAda aura vaidika darzana-DaoN. prema prakAza rastogI, Adarza sAhitya prakAzana, dillI, 1971,

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________________ pariziSTa 1 kavivara dyAnatarAya yAnatarAva hindI jaina sAhitya ke mUrdhanya kavi mAne jAte haiM  /  ve adhyAtmarasika aura paramatatva ke upAsaka the  /  unakA janma vi0 saM0 1733 meM bhAgarA meM huA thA  /  kavi ke pramukha granthoM meM dharmavilAsa saM0 1780) aura zrAgamavilAsa ullekhanIya haiM  /  dharmavilAsa meM kavi kI lagabhaga samUcI racanAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai  /  isameM 333 pada, pUjAyeM tathA anya viSayoM se sambaddha racanAyeM milatI haiM  /  grAma vilAsa kA saMkalana kavi kI mRtyu ke bAda paM0 jagatarAya ne saM0 1784 meM kiyaa| isameM 46 racanAyeM milatI haiN| isake anusAra dhAnatarAya kA nidhana kAla saM0 1783 kArtika zukla caturdazI hai  /  dharmavilAsa meM kavi ne saM0 1780 taka kI jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA saMkSipta prAkalana kiyA hai| ise hama unakA zrAtmacarit kaha sakate haiM jo banArasIdAsa ke adhekathAnaka kA anukaraNa karatA pratIta hotA hai  /  inake atirikta kavi kI kucha phuTakara racanAyeM aura pada bhI upalabdha hote haiM  /  333 padoM ke atirikta lagabhaga 200 pada aura hoNge| ye pada jayapura, dillI Adi sthAnoM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiM  /  J hindI santa adhyAtma-sAdhanA ko saMjoye hue haiN| ve sahaja-sAdhanA dvArA paramAtmapada kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahe haiN| unake sAhitya meM bhakti, svasaMvedyajJAna aura matkarma kA tathA satyam zivam sundaram kA sundara samanvaya milatA hai jo Atmacintana se sphuTita huA hai  /  isa patha kA pathika saMta, saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA, mAyA-moha, bAhyADambara kI nirarthakatA, pustakIya jJAna kI vyarthatA mana kI ekAgratA, citta zuddhi, svasaMvedya jJAna para jora, sadguru-satsaMga kI mahimA prapatti bhakti, sahaja sAdhanA prAdi vizeSanAmroM se maMDita vicAradhArAmroM meM DubakiyA~ lagAtA rahatA hai| ina sabhI viSayoM para vaha gahana ciMtana karatA huA parama sAdhya kI prApti meM juTa jAtA hai  /  kavi dyAnatarAya kI jIvana-sAdhanA inhIM vizeSatAoM ko prApta karane meM lagI rahI  /  aura unhoMne jo kucha bhI likhA, vaha eka ora unakA bhakti pravAha hai to dUsarI bhora saMta-sAdhanA kI pravRttiyoM kI abhivyakti hai  /  yahI kAraNa hai ki unake sAhitya meM bhakti aura rahasya bhAvanA kA sundara samanvaya huA hai| yahA~ hama kavi kI inhIM pravRttiyoM kA saMkSipta vizleSaNa kara rahe haiM  /  arun afa sAMsArika viSaya-vAsanA aura usakI prasAratA evaM kSaNabhaMguratA para vividha prakAra se cintana karatA hai  /  cintana karate samaya vaha sahajatA pUrvaka bhAvuka ho jAtA hai  /  usa avasthA meM vaha apane ko kabhI doSa detA hai to kabhI tIrthaMkaroM ko bIca meM lAtA hai| kabhI rAgAdika padArthoM kI ora nihAratA hai to

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________________ 290 kamI tIrghakaroM se prArthanA, viktI aura ulAhane kI bAta karatA hai| kabhI pazcAttApa karatA humA dikhAI detA hai to kabhI satsaMgati ke lie prayatnazIla dikhatA hai| dhAnatarAya ko to yaha sArA saMsAra bilkula mithyA dikhAI detA hai  /  ve anubhava karate haiM ki jisa deha ko hamane apanA mAnA aura jise hama sabhI prakAra ke rasapAkoM se poSate rahe, vaha kabhI hamAre sAtha nahIM calatA, taba anya padArthoM kI bAta kyA soceM ? sukha ke mUla svarUpa ko to dekhA samajhA hI nhiiN| vyartha meM moha karatA hai  /  prAtmatattva ko pAye binA prasatya ke mAdhyama se jIva dravyArjana karatA, asatya sAdhanA karatA, yamarAja se bhayabhIta hotA maiM aura merA kI raTa lagAtA saMsAra meM ghUmatA phiratA hai  /  isalie saMsAra kI vinAzazIlatA ko dekhate hue ve saMsArI jIvoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM-- mithyA yaha saMsAra hai re, jhUThA yaha saMsAra hai re  //  jo dehI vaha rasa sauM poSa, so nahi saMga cale re, porana kI tohi kauna bharoso, nAhaka moha kare re  /  /  sukha kI bAteM bUjhe nAhIM, dukha ko sugva lekheM re  /  mUr3hI mAMhI mAtA Dole, sAdhau nAla Darai re  //  jhUTha kamAtA jhUThI khAtA, jhUThI jApa jape re  /  saccA sAMI sUjhe nAhIM, kyoM kara pAra lage re  /  /  jama sauM DaratA phUlA phiratA, karatA maiM maiM mere  /  dyAnata syAnA soI jAnA, jo jana dhyAna dhare re  // 1 kabIra dAdU nAnaka prAdi hindI santoM ne bhI saMsAra kI prasAratA aura kSaNabhaMguratA kA dyAnatarAya se milatA julatA citraNa kiyA hai  /  saguNa bhakta kavi bhI saMsAra cintana meM pIche nahIM rahe  /  unhoMne bhI nirguNa santoM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| saMsArI jIva mithyAtva ke kAraNa hI karmoM se baMdhA rahatA hai vaha mAyA ke phaMde meM phaMsakara janma-maraNa kI prakriyA lambI karatA calA jAtA hai  /  bAnatarAya aise mithyAtvI kI sthiti dekhakara pUcha uThate haiM ki he prAtman yaha mithyAtva tumane 1. hindI pada saMgraha, 156 pR. 130 2. aisA saMsAra hai jaisA semaraphUla  /  dasa dina ke vyavahAra meM jhUThe re mana bhUla  //  kabIra sAkhI saMgraha, pR. 61 3. yaha saMsAra seMvala ke phUla jyoM tApara tU jini phUlai  //  dAdUvAnI bhAga-2 pR. 14 mApa ghar3I koU nAhiM rAkhata ghara te deta nikAra  /  /  saMtavANI saMgraha, bhAga-2 pR. 46 jhUThA supanA yaha sNsaar| dausata hai vinasata nahIM ho bAra  //  hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 133

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________________ -291 kahA~ se prApta kiyaa| sArA saMsAra svArtha kI bhora nihAratA hai, para tumheM svakalyANa rUpa svArtha nahIM rucatA  /  isa prapavitra pracetana deha meM tuma kaise mohAsata ho gaye  /  apanA parama zratIndriya zAzvata sukha chor3akara paMcendriyoM kI viSayavAsanA meM tanmaya ho rahe ho| tumhArA caitanya nAma jar3a kyoM ho gayA aura tumane anaMta jJAnAdika guNoM se yukta apanA nAma kyoM bhulA diyA ? triloka kA svatantra rAjya chor3akara isa paratantra avasthA ko svIkArate hue tumheM labjA nahIM zrAtI ? mithyAtva ko dUra karane ke bAda hI tuma karmamala se mukta ho sakoge aura paramAtmA kahalA skoge| tabhI tuma ananta sukha ko prApta kara mukti prApta kara sakoge  /  "jIva ! tU mUDhapanA kita pAyo  /  saba jaga svAratha ko cAhanA hai, svAratha tohi na bhAyo  /  prazuci sameta dRSTi tana mAMho, kahA jJAna viramAyo  /  parama atindrI nija sukha hari ke, viSaya roga lapaTAmro  //  mithyAtva ko hI sAdhakoM ne moha-mAyA ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| saguNa nirguNa kaviyoM ne bhI isako isI rUpa meM mAnA hai  /  bhUdharadAsa ne isI ko 'suni ThaganI mAyA te saba jaga Thaga khAyA' 12 kabIra ne isI mAyA ko chAyA ke samAna batAyA jo prayatna karane para bhI grahaNa nahIM kI jA sakatI, phira bhI jIva usake pIche daur3atA rahatA hai  /  sAdhaka kavi narabhava kI durlabhatA samajhakara midhyAtva ko dUra karane kA . prayatna karatA karatA hai  /  jaina dharma meM manuSya janma pratyanta durlabha mAnA gayA hai| isIlie hara prakAra se isa janma ko sArthaka banAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai  /  dyAnatarAya ne "nAhi aiso janama bArambAra " kahakara yahI bAta kahI hai| unake anusAra yadi koI narabhava ko saphala nahIM banAtA, to tajata tAhi gaMvAra" vAlI kahAvata usake sAtha caritArtha ho jAyegI  /  isalie unheM kahanA par3A 'jAnata kyoM nahi he nara prAtamajJAnI'  /  grAtma cetana ko "andha hAtha baTera bhAI, 1. adhyAtma padAvalI, pR. 360 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 124 saMta vANI saMgraha, bhAga-9, pR. 57 3. 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 116 5. vahI, pR. 115

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________________ 292 vAgrata karate hue punaH vaha kaha uThatA hai ki saMsAra kA hara padArtha kSaNabhaMgura hai aura tU avinAzI hai 'tU avinAzI prAtmA, vinAsIka saMsAra  / ' parantu mAyA-moha ke cakkara meM par3akara tU svayaM kI zakti ko bhUla gayA hai  /  terI hara zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha soha-sohaM ke bhAva uThate haiN| yahI tInoM lokoM kA sAra hai  /  tumheM to sohaM chor3akara ajapA jApa meM laga jAnA caahie| prAtmA ko avinAzI aura vizuddha batAkara use anantacatuSTaya kA dhanI batAyA  /  prAtmA kI isI avasthA ko paramAtmA kahA gayA hai  /  ___ saMta kabIra ne bhI jIva aura brahma ko pRthak nahIM maanaa| avidyA ke kAraNa hI vaha apane Apa ko brahma se pRthak mAnatA hai| uma avidyA aura mAyA ke dUra hone para jIva aura brahma advaita ho jAte hai-"saba ghaTi antari tU hI vyApaka, ghaTa sarUpa soI  /  dyAnatarAya ke samAna hI kabIra ne use Atma jJAna kI prApti karAne vAlA mAnA hai| Atmacintana karane ke bAda kavi ne bhedavijJAna kI bAta kahI  /  bheda vijJAna kA tAtparya hai sva-para kA viveka  /  samgakdRSTi hI bhedavijJAnI hotA hai  /  maMsArasAgara se pAra hone ke lie yaha eka prAvazyaka tathya hai| dyAnatarAya kA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai aura prAtmAnubhUti pUrvaka cintana karate hue kaha uThate haiM ki aba unheM carma-cakSuSoM kI bhI AvazyakatA nhiiN| aba to mAtra AtmA kI anata guNa zakti kI prora hamArA dhyAna hai| sabhI vaibhAvika-bhAva naSTa ho cuke haiM aura prAtmAnubhava karake saMsAra-duHkha se chUTe jA rahe haiM  /  "hama lAge prAtama rAma sauN| binAsIka pudgala kI chAyA, kauna ramai dhana-dhAma sauM  //  samatA-sukha ghaTa meM paragATyo, kona kAja hai kAma sau  /  duvidhA bhAva talAMjali dInoM, mela bhayo nija zyAma sau| bheda jJAna kari nija-para dekhyau, kauna viloke cAma sauM  / ' bhedavijJAna pAne ke lie vItarAgI sadguru kI AvazyakatA hotI hai  /  hara dharma meM sadguru kA vizeSa sthAna hai  /  sAdhanA me sadguru kA vahI sthAna hai jo 2. dharma vilAsa, pR. 165 2. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 105 3. vahI, pR. 89 4. adhyAtma padAvalI, 47, pR. 358

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________________ 293 parihanta kA hai| jaina-sAdhakoM ne paMca parameSThiyoM ko sadguru mAnakara usakI upAsanA, bhakti aura stuti kI hai| jaina darzana meM sadguru ko prApta maura avi saMvAdI mAnA hai| dyAnatararAya ko guru ke samAna aura dUsarA koI dAtA dikhAI nahIM detaa| unake anusAra guru usa andhakAra ko naSTa kara detA hai jise sUrya bhI naSTa nahIM kara pAtA  /  megha ke samAna sabhI para samAna bhAva se nisvArtha hokara vaha kRpAjala barasAtA hai, naraka tiryatva Adi gatiyoM se muktakara jIvoM ko svargamokSa meM pahuMcAtA hai| ataH tribhuvana me dIpaka ke samAna prakAza karane vAlA guru hI hai| vaha sasAra saMsAra se pAra lagAne vAlA jahAja hai  /  vizuddha-mana se unake pada-pakaja kA smaraNa karanA caahie| guru samAna dAtA nahI koI  /  prAdi  /  sata sAhitya me bhI kabIra, dAdU, nAnaka, sundara dAsa Adi ne sadguru maura satsaga ke mahatva ko jaina kaviyoM kI hI bhAti zabdo ke kucha hera-phera se svIkAra kiyA hai  /  dyAnatarAya kabIra ke samAna unhe kRtakRtya mAnate haiN| jinheM satsaMgati prApta ho gaI he-"kara kara sagata, sagata re bhAI  /  bhedavijJAna kI prApti ke lie sadguru mArgadarzana karatA hai| usakI prApti ke lie samyagdarzana, samyagAna aura samyakcAritra kA samanvita rUpa-ratna traya mAnA gayA hai| bhadavijJAna ko hI samyagjJAna kahA gayA hai  /  antaraMga maura bahiraga sabhI prakAra ke parigrahA se dUra rahakara pariSaha sahate hue tapa karane se parama-pada prApta hotA hai| sAdhaka kavi dyAnatarAya prAtmAnubhava karane para kahane lagatA hai "hama lAge pAtamarAma sii| usakI prAtmA meM samatA sukha prakaTa ho jAtA hai, duvidhAbhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai aura bheda vijJAna ke dvArA sva-para kA viveka jAgrata ho jAtA hai isalie dyAnatarAya kahane lagate hai ki mAtama anubhava karanA re bhAI  / ' kavi yahA prAtmAnubhUti pradhAna ho jAtA hai maura kaha uThatA hai "moha kaba aisA dina prAya hai" jaba bhedavijJAna ho jaayegaa| saMta sAhitya meM bhI svAnubhUti ko mahatva diyA gayA hai kabIra me "rAma ratana pAyA re karama vicArA. naMnA naina agocarI, prApa pichAne pApa prApa 1. dhAnata pada saMgraha, pR. 10 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 137 3. hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya, pR0 109-141 4. hindI pada saMgraha, dyAnatarAya, pR. 109-141 5. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 241 6. vahI pR. 318

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________________ 294. basa caraNoM ke mAdhyama se anubhava kI prAvazyakatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| dAdU ne bhI isI prakAra se "so. hama dekhyA nena bhari, sundara sahaja svarUpa" ke rUpa meM anubhava kiyaa| svAnubhUti ke saMdarbha meM mana ekAgra kiyA jAtA hai aura isake lie sama niyamoM kA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| yogI hI dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko prApta kara pAtA hai| yahIM samabhAva aura samarasatA kI anubhUti hotI hai  /  thAgatarAya ne isa anubhUti ko gUge kA gur3a mAnA hai  /  isa sahaja sAdhama meM. majapA jApa, nAma smaraNa ko bhI mahatva diyA gayA hai| vyavahAra naya kI dRSTi se jApa karanA anucita nahIM hai, nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se use bAhma kiyA mAcA hai| tabhI dhAnatarAya aise sumarana ko mahatva dete hai jisase aisau sumarana kariye re bhaaii| pavana dhaMmai mana kitahu na jAi  /  /  paramesura sauM sAcI rho| loka raMcagA bhaya taji diijai| yama aru niyama dou vidhi dhaarii| prAsana prANAyAma samAro  /  /  pratyAhAra dhAranA kI dhyAna samAdhi mahArasa pIja  //  usI prakAra anahada nAda ke viSaya meM likhate haiM anahada sabada sadA suna re  /  /  Apa hI jAne aura na jAne, kAna binA suniye dhanu re  //  ___ bhamara guja sama hota nirantara, tA aMtara gati citavana re  /  /  isIlie dhAnatarAya ne sohaM ko tIna loka kA sAra kahA hai  /  jina sAdhakoM ke zvAsocchavAsa ke sAtha sadaiva hI "sohaM sohaM kI dhvani hotI rahatI hai aura jo sohaM ke artha ko samajhakara, bhajapA jApa kI sAdhanA karate haiM, zreSTha hai-- 1. dAdUdayAla kI bAnI, bhAga-1 paracA ko maMga, 97,98,109 2. cAnatabilAsa, kalakattA 3. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 119 4. bahI, -118 pR. 119-20

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________________ 295 sohaM sohaM nita, sAMsa usAsa majhAra  /  tAko praratha vicAriye, tIna loka meM sAra ............ jaso taso pAra, pApa niha taji sohaM  /  ajapA jApa saMbhAra, sAra sukha sohaM sohaM  //  Anandaghana kA bhI yahI mata hai ki jo sAdhaka mAzAoM ko mArakara apane mantaH karaNa meM ajapA jApa ko japate haiM ve cetanamUrti niraMjana kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| kabIra mAdi satoM ne bhI sahaja-sAdhanA, zabda surati aura zabda brahma kI upAsanA kii| dhyAna ke lie ajapA jApa aura nAma japa ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| sahaja samAdhi ko hI sarvopari svIkAra kiyA hai| sAdhaka kavi ko paramAtmapada pAne ke lie yoga sAdhanA kA mArga jaba durgama pratIta hotA hai to vaha prapatti (bhakti) kA sahArA letA hai  /  rahasya sAdhakoM ke lie yaha mArga adhika sugama hai isalie sarva prathama vaha isI mArga kA bhavalambana lekara kramazaH rahasya bhAvanA kI carama sImA para pahuMcatA hai| rahasya bhAvanA kI bhUmikA cAra pramukha tatvo se nirmita hotI hai-mAstikatA, prema aura bhAvanA, guru kI pradhAnatA aura sahaja mArga  /  jana sAdhako kI mAstikatA para sandeha kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| unhone tIrthakaro ke saguNa aura nirguNa donoM rUpoM ke prati apanI ananya bhakti bhAvanA pradarzita kI hai| dyAnatarAya kI bhagavad prema bhAvanA unhe prapatta bhakta banAkara prapatti ke mArga ko prazasta karatI hai| prapatti kA artha hai ananya zaraNAgata hone athavA prAtmasarpaNa karane kI bhaavnaa| navadhAbhakti kA mUla utsa bhI prapatti hai| bhAgavata purANa meM navadhA. bhakti ke 9 lakSaNa hai-zravaNa, kIrtana, smaraNa , pAdasevana (zaraNa), arcanA, vaMdanA, dAsyabhAva. sakhyabhAva aura Atma nivedana  /  kavivara banArasIdAsa ne inameM kucha mantara kiyA hai| pAcarAtra lakSmI saMhitA meM prapati kI SaDavidhAyeM dI gaI hai 1. dharmavilAsa, pR. 65 2. Anandadhana bahottarI, pR. 359 3. anahada zabda uTha jhanakAra, tahaM prabhu baiThe samaratha sAra  /  kabIra pranthAvalI pR.301 4. saMto sahaja samAdhi bhalI  /  kabIra vANI, pR. 262 5. zravana, kIratana, citavana, sevana vandana dhyAna  /  laghutA samatA ekatA nISA bhakti pramAna  /  /  nATaka samayasAra, mokSavAra, 8, 1.218 -

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________________ 296 anukUla sakalana, prAtikUlya kA visarjana, saMrakSaNa, etadrUpa vizvAsa, goptRtvaM rUpa meM varaNa, bhAtma nikSepa aura kArpaNyabhAva 12 prapatti bhAva se prerita hokara bhakta ke mana meM prArAdhya ke prati zraddhA dhaura prema bhAvanA kA atireka hotA hai  /  yAnatarAya apane aMgoM kI sArthakatA ko tabhI svIkAra karate haiM jabaki ve dhArASya kI mora jhuke raheM rejiya janama lAho leha  /  carana te jina bhavana pahuMce, dAna deM tara jeha  //  ura soI jA meM dayA hai, marU rUdhira ko geha  /  jIbha so jina nAma gAvaM, sAMca sau kare neha || bhAMkha te jinarAja dekhe aura prAMkha kheha | zravana te jina vacana suni zubha tapa tapaM so deha  //  kavivara dyAnatarAya me prapatti kI lagabhaga sabhI vizeSatAye milatI haiM  /  bhakta kavi ne apane ArAdhya kA guNa kIrtana karake apanI bhakti prakaTa kI hai| vaha prArAdhya meM asIma guNo ko dekhatA hai para unhe abhivyakta karane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa kaha uThatA hai kavi ko pArzvanAtha duHkhahartA aura sukhakartA dikhAI dete haiM  /  ve unheM vighnavinAzaka, nirdhano ke lie dravyadAtA, putrahIno ko putradAtA mora mahAsakaToM ke nivAraka batAte haiM  /  kavi kI bhakti se bharA pArzvanAtha kI mahimA kA gAna dRSTavya hai 1. prabhu maiM kihi vidhi zruti karau terI  /  gaNadhara kahata pAra naha pAye, kahA buddhi hai merI  //  zaka janama bhari sahasa jIbha rdhAri tuma jasa hota na pUrA  /  eka jIbha kaise guNa gAve ulU kahe kimi sUrA || camara chatra siMhAsana baranoM, ye guraNa tuma te nyAre  /  tuma guraNa kahana vacana bala nAhi, naina ginai kimi tAre  // 3 2. 3. dukhI duHkhahartA sukhI sukkhakartA  /  sadA sevako ko mahAnanda bhartA  //  prAnukUlasya saMkalpaH prAtikUlasya varjanam  /  rakSiSyatIti vizvAso, goptRtva varaNaM tathA  /  grAtmanikSepakArpaNye SaDvidhA zaraNAgatiH  //  khAnatapada saMgraha, 9 pR. 4, kalakattA grAnata pada saMgraha. pu. 45

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________________ 291 hare yakSa rAkSasa bhUtaM pizAcaM  /  viSa DAMkinI vighna ke maya pravAcaM  /  /  daridrIna ko dravya ke dAna dAne  /  maputrIna koM tU bhale putra kIne  //  mahAsaMkaToM se nikAra vidhAtA  /  sabai saMpadA sarva ko dehi dAtA  /  /  nAmasmaraNa prapatti kA eka anyatama aMga hai jisake mAdhyama se bhakta apane iSTa ke guNoM kA anukaraNa karanA cAhatA hai  /  dyAnatarAya prabhu ke nAmasmaraNa ke lie mana ko saceta karate haiM jo apajAla ko naSTa karane meM kAraNa hotA hai re mana bhaja bhaja dInadayAla  /  jAke nAma leta ika khina meM, kaTaM koTi praghajAla  /  /  pAra brahma paramezvara svAmI, dekhata hota nikAla  //  sumarana karata parama sukha pAvata, sevata bhAjai kAla  /  /  indra phariNandra cakradhara gAva, jAko nAma rasAla  /  jAke nAma jJAna prakAsa, nArI mithyAjAla  /  soI nAma japo nita dyAnata, chAMDi viSa vikarAla  // 2 pramu kA nAmasmaraNa bhakta taba taka karatA rahatA hai, jaba taka vaha tanmaya nahIM ho jAtA  /  jainAcAryoM ne smaraNa aura dhyAna ko paryAyavAcI kahA hai| smaraNa pahale to ruka-ruka kara calatA hai, phira zanaiH zanaiH ekAMtatA prAtI jAtI hai aura vaha dhyAna kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai  /  smaraNa meM jitanI adhika tallInatA bar3hatI jAyegI vaha utanA hI tadrapa hotA jaayegaa| isase sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM kI prApti honI Avazyaka hai kintu hindI ke jaina kaviyoM ne prAdhyAtmika sukha ke lie hI bala diyA hai| vizeSarUpa se dhyAnavAcI smaraNa jaina kaviyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai  /  dyAnatarAya arahantadeva kA smaraNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiN| ve khyAtilAbha pUjAdi chor3akara prabhu ke nikaTatara pahuMcanA cAhate haiM bharahaMta sumari mana vAvare  //  khyAti lAbha pUjA taji bhAI  /  antara prabhu lI jAva re  //  1. vRhajjinavANI saMgraha, kalakattA se prakAzita 2. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 125-26 3. vahI, pR. 139

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________________ 298  /  kavi bhArAdhya kA kA pazcAttApa karatA hai afe lIna ho jAtA hai nija ghara Aye || para ghara tApa ke sAtha bhakti ke vaza hai aura kaha dete haiM ki Apa saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hU~  /  tumhArA nAma milatA nahI  /  aura kucha nahI to kama se kama rAga dveSa darzana kara bhaktivazAt unake samakSa apane pUrvakRta karmoM jisase usakA mana halkA hokara bhaktibhAva meM aura ve pazcAttApa karate hue kaha uThate haiM- 'hama to kabahU na phirata bahuta dina bIte nAMva aneka gharAye'  /  pazcAupAlambha ko svayaM to mukti meM jAkara baiTha hamezA mai japatA hUM dIjie- ArAdhya 1. 2. 3. dete hue kucha mukhara ho uThate gaye para maiM abhI bhI tuma prabhu kahiyata dIna davAla  /  zrApana jAya mukati meM baiThe, hama ju rulata jaga jAla  /  /  tumarI nAma japaM hama nIke, tuma to hamako kachu deta nahi, bure bhale hama bhagata aura kachu nahi yaha hama sau cUka paro sau dyAnata eka bAra prabhu eka anyatra sthAna para kavi kA gaye vyaktiyoM kA nAma ginAtA hai aura mere lie prApa itanA bilamba kyoM kara rahe haiM para mujhe usase kucha ko to dUra kara hI vahI, pR. 109 hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 114-15 dharmavilAsa, 54 vA paca isa prakAra prapatta bhAvanA ke sahAre sAdhaka apane zrArAdhya paramAtmA ke sAnidhya meM pahuMcakara tattadguNoM ko svAtmA meM utArane kA prayatna karatA hai  /  isameM zraddhA aura prema kI bhAvanA kA pratireka hone ke phalasvarUpa sAdhaka apane manavaca tIno kAla  /  hamaro kauna havAla  //  tihAre jAnata ho hama cAla  /  cAhata haiM, rAga dveSa ko TAla  //  vasso, tuma to kRpA vizAla  /  jagate, hamako lehu nikAla || 2 upAlambha dekhiye jisameM vaha uddhAra kiye phira apane iSTa ko ulAhanA detA hai ki merI bera kahA DhIla karI jI  /  sUlI sau sihAsana kInA, seTha sudarzana vipati harI jI  //  sItA satI pragati me baiThI pAvaka nIra karI sagarI jI  /  vAriSeNa pe khaDaga calAyo, phUla mAla kInI sutharI rI  /  dyAta me kachu jAMcata nAhIM, kara vairAgya dazA hamarI jI  //  3

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________________ prArAdhya ke raMga meM raMgane lagatA hai| tadpa ho jAne para usakA duvidhAbhAva samApta ho jAtA hai aura samarasa bhAva kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai  /  yahIM sAMsArika duHkhoM se asta-jIva zAzvata kI prApti kara letA hai| nirguNa santoM ne bhI prapatti kA prAMcAla nahIM chor3A  /  ve bhI 'hari na mila bina hiradai sUdha jaisA anubhava karate haiM aura dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha kahate haiM'aba mohI rAma bharosoM-terA, aura kauna kA karau nihorA' 12 kabIra aura tulasI Adi saguNa bhaktoM ke samAna dyAnatarAya ko bhagavAna me pUrNa vizvAsa hai'aba hama nemi jI ko zaraNa pora Thaura na mana lagatA hai, chADi prabha ke zarana' isa prakAra prapatta bhAvanA madhyakAlIna hindI jaina aura jenetara kAvya me samAna rUpa se pravAhita hotI rahI hai  /  upAlambha, pazcAttApa, laghutA, samatA aura ekatA jaise tatva unakI bhAva bhakti ye yathAvat upalabdha hote hai| madhyakAla me sahaja yogasAdhanA kI pravRtti sato me dekhane ko milatI hai| isa pravRtti ko sUtra mAnakara dyAnatarAya na bhI AtmajJAna ko pramukhatA dii| unako ujjavala darpaNa ke samAna nirajana AtmA kA udyoga dikhAI detA hai| vahI nivikalpa zuddhAtmA cidAnandarUpa paramAtmA hai jo sahaja-sAdhanA ke dvArA prApta humA hai isIlie kavi kaha uThatA he "dekho bhAI prAtamarAma birAjai  /  /  sAdhaka avasthA ke prApta karane ke bAda sAdhaka me mana meM dRr3hatA mA jAtI he aura vaha kaha uThatA hai praba hama amara bhaya na mrege| mAdhyAtmika sAdhanA karane vAle jaina janetara sato evaM kaviyoM ne dAmpatyamUlaka rati bhAva kA avalambana paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke lie liyA hai| isI sadarbha meM mAdhyAtmika vivAho aura holiyo kI bhI sarjanA huI hai| dyAnatarAya ne bhI aisI hI prAdhyAtmika holiyoM kA sarasa citraNa prastuta kiyA hai  /  ve sahaja basanta Ane para holI khelane kA AhvAna karate haiN| do dala eka dUsare ke sAmane khar3e hai  /  eka dala meM buddhi, dayA, bhamArUpa nArI varga khar3A humA hai aura dUsare dala me ratnatrayAdi guNoM se sajA prAtmA puruSa varga hai  /  jJAna, dhyAna 1. kabIra granthAvalI, pR. 214 2. vahI, pR. 124 3. hindI pada saMgraha, 140 4. hindI pada saMgraha, pR. 114 5. vahI, pR. 114

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________________ 300 sapahapha sAla mAdi vAdya bajate haiM, dhanaghora anahada nAda hotA hai, dharma rUpI lAla varNa kA gulAla ur3atA hai, samatA kA raMga ghola liyA jAtA haiM, praznosara kI taraha picakAriyAM calatI haiN| eka aora se prazna hotA hai ki tuma kisakI nArI ho, to nasarI mora se prazna hotA hai, tuma kisake lar3ake ho  /  bAda meM holI ke rUpa meM aSTakarmarUpa Idhana ko anubhavarUpa agni meM jalA dete haiM aura phalataH pAroM mora zAnti ho jAtI hai  /  isI zivAnanda ko prApta karane ke lie kavi ne prerita kiyA hai prAyo sahaja basanta, khelai saba horI horA  //  ita buddhi dayA chipA bahugaDhI, ita jiya ratana sajai guna jaurA  /  /  jJAna dhyAna Dapha tAla bajata haiM, anahada zabda hota ghana dhorA  //  dharama surAga gulAla ur3ata hai, samatA raga duha me ghorA  // ....... isI prakAra cetana se samatArUpa prANapriyA ke sAtha "chimA basanta" meM holI khelane kA Agraha karate hai| prema ke pAnI meM karuNA kI kesara gholakara jJAna zAna kI picakArI se holI khelate hai| usa samaya guru ke vacana kI mRdaMga hai, nizcaya vyavahAra naya hI tAla hai, sayama hI itra hai, vimala vrata hI colA hai, bhAva hI gulAla hai jise apanI jhorI meM bhara lete haiM, dharama hI miThAI hai, tapa hI mevA hai. samarasa se mAnandita hokara dono holI khelate haiN| aise hI cetana aura samatA kI jor3I cirakAla taka banI rahe, yaha bhAvanA sumati prapanI sakhiyo se abhivyakta karatI hai cetana khelau horI  /  /  sattA bhUmi chipA basanta meM, samatA-pAna priyA saga gaurI  //  mana ko mAra prema ko pAnI, tAmeM karUnA kesara ghorii| jJAna dhyAna picakArI bhari bhari, Apa me chAra horA horI  /  /  guru ke vacana mRdaMga bajata haiM, naya donoM Dapha tAla ThakorI  /  /  saMjaya pratara vimala vrata caulA bhAva gulAla bhara bhara jhorI  /  /  gharama miThAI tapa bahumevA, samarasa mAnanda amala kaTaurI  /  /  dhAnata sumati saha sakhiyana soM, cirajIvo yaha juga juga jorI  /  /  santoM ne paramAtmA ke sAtha bhAvanAtmaka milana karane ke lie mAdhyAtmika vivAha kiyA, maMgalAcAra bhI hue aura usake viyoga se santapta bhI hue| banArasIdAsa ne bhI paramAtmA kI sthiti meM pahuMcAne ke lie AdhyAtmika vivAha, viyoga 1. bahI, pR. 119 2. hindI padasaMgraha, pR. 121

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________________ 301 aura samarasa hokara paramAtmA ke raMga meM raMga jAne ke lie holI khelii| saMta kavi kabIra prAdi apanI cunariyoM ko sAhaba se raMgavAte rahe aura use mor3akara paramAtmA ke raMga meM samarasa ho gaye  /  ye nirguNiyAM saMta prAdhyAtmikatA, bhadvaitavAda aura pavitratA kI sImA meM ghire haiN| unakI sAdhanA meM vicAra aura prema kA sundara samanvaya huA hai tathA brahma jijJAsA se vaha anuprANita hai  /  kavi dyAnatarAya ne bhI isI paramparA kA avalambana liyA hai| nirguNa aura saguNa donoM paramparAmroM ko unhoMne svIkArA hai  /  samUcA hindI jaina sAhitya zAntA bhakti se paripUrita hai usakA hara kavi eka ora paramAtmA kA bhakta hai to dUsarI ora prAtmakalyANa karane ke lie tatpara bhI dikhAI detA hai, isa daura meM ve apanI pUrva paramparA kA anukaraNa karate hue saMtoM kI zreNI meM baiTha jAte haiM kavivara dyAnatarAya eka ucca koTi ke sAdhaka bhakta kavi the  /  unakA sAhitya saMta kaviyoM kI vicAradhArA se mela khAtA hai  /  yaha bAta avazya hai ki yAnatarAya ke sAhitya meM jainadarzana ke tattva ghule hue haiM jabaki santa bhraparokSarUpa se una tattvoM ko svIkArate hue najara Ate haiM  /  dyAnatarAya, yogIndu, muni rAmasiMha banArasIdAsa, zrAnandaghana, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa prAdi jaise jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA lie haiM  /  santa kavi bhI paramparA se prabhAvita rahe haiN| isa prakAra jaina aura jainetara santa apane-apane darzanoM kI bAta karate hue prathak-prathak dikhAI dete haiM  /  parantu vastutaH unakI vicAradhArA ke mUla tattva utane bhinna nahIM  /  yAnatarAya jaise jaina kavi ne aisI hI paramparA me ghula-milakara apanI pratijJA aura sAhitya se santa sAhitya ko prazaMsanIya yogadAna diyA hai  /  Azcarya kI bAta hai ki aise pratibhA sampanna kavi kA ullekha mAtra isalie nahIM kiyA gayA ki vaha jaina thA  /  anyathA zrAja use anya netara kaviyoM jaisA sthAna mila gayA hotaa| rItikAla ke bhoga-vilAsa aura zrRMgAra bhare vAtAvaraNa meM apanI kalama ko adhyAtmanirUpaNa aura ahetuka bhakti kI prora mor3anA sAdhAraNa pratibhA kA kArya nahI thA  /  bhautikatA kI cakAcauMdha meM vyakti mandhA ho gayA thA ataH use sumArga para lAne ke lie unhoMne saMsAra kI prasAratA siddha karate hue saMsArI jIva ko apanA kalyANa karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| unakA sAhitya bhavasAgara se pAra utarane ke lie preraNA srota hai  /  santoM ne bhI dUSita bAhya kriyAkAMDoM ke faruddha AvAja uThAkara saMsArI jIva ko zrAtmakalyANa karane kI sIkha dI thii| isa prakAra donoM kI vaicArika vizeSatAyeM paramparA se mela khAtI haiM  /  ataH hindI sAhitya meM dyAnatarAya jaise jaina kaviyoM ke yogadAna kA yathocita mUlyAMkana karanA nitAnta mAvazyaka hai| isake binA hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa pradhUrA hI kahalAyegA 1 1. kabIra, pR. 352-3, dharmadAsa, santavANI saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR. 37, gulAbasAhaba kI bAnI, pR. 22.

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________________ 302 pUsare mahA avasAgara bhaTTAraka mahIcandra ke ziSya the| unakA kAla lagabhaga 17 'vI zatI kA pUrSi nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai  /  unake sItA haraNa; catuvizati binastavana, jinakRzala sUri caupaI prAdi aneka grantha upalabdha haiN| sItAharaNa anya ko pAyopAMta par3ane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kavi ne yahI vimala sUri kI paramparA kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| kAvya ko zAyada manoraMjana banAne kI dRSTi se idhara-udhara ke choTe pAkhyAnoM ko bhI sammilita kara diyA hai| DhAla, dohA, troTaka, caupAI prAdi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai  /  hara adhikAra meM chandoM kI vividhatA hai kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se isameM lagabhaga sabhI rasoM kA prAcurya hai  /  kavi kI kAvya kuzalatA zRMgAra, vIra, zAMta, prabhuta, karuNa Adi rasoM ke mAdhyama se abhivyaJjita huI hai  /  bIca-bIca meM kavi ne aneka pracalita saMskRta zlokoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se isa anya kA adhika mahatva hai 'phokaTa' jaise zabdoM kA prayoga AkarSaka hai  /  bhASA meM jahAM rAjasthAnI, marAThI, aura gujarAtI kA prabhAva hai vahI bundelakhaNDI bolI se bhI kavi prabhAvita jAna paDatA hai  /  marAThI aura gujarAtI kI vibhaktiyoM kA to kavi ne atyanta prayoga kiyA hai  /  aisA lagatA hai ki brahma jayasAgara ne yaha kRti aise sthAna para likhI hai jahA para unheM cAroM bhASAoM se mizrita bhASA kA rUpa milA ho| bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se isakA prakAzana upayogI jAna par3atA hai  /  bhASA vijJAna ke atirikta mUla-kathA ke poSaNa ke lie prayukta vibhinna pAkhyAnoM kAyAlekhana bhI isakI eka anyatama vizeSatA hai  /  parizaSTa 2 - adhyayanagata madhyakAlIna katipaya hinvI jaina kavi 1. macalakIti 2. ajarAja pATaNI abhayacandra 4. abhayakuzala 5. abhayanandi 6. prAnandadhana mahAtmA 7. IzvarasUri 8. udayarAja jatI 1. kanakakIrti 10. kanakakuzala 11. kalyANakIrti 12. kAzIrAma 13. kizanasiMha 14. kusucandra 15. kuMvarasiMha 16. kukhalajAbha 17. kuSNapAsa 18. kezava 19. zAMtiraMga gaNi 20. khaDmasena 21. khuzAlacandra kAlA 22. kheta 23. gaNi mahAnanda 24. guNa sAgara

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________________ . 25. gukha kIti 27. mAnakIti 29. catarUmala 31. candrakIti 33. jagatakIrti 35. jagajIvana 37. jayakIrti 39. jayalAla muni 41. jinacandra 43. jinaraMgasUri 45. jinasena 47. jIvaMdhara 49. TIkama 51. tribhuvana kIti 53. dAmo 55. dilArAma 57. devakuzala 59. devabrahma 61. daulatarAya 63. dharmaruci 65. nandalAla 67. navalarAma 69 nihAlacanda 71. palilla 73. brahmamajita 75. brahma gaNeza 77, brahma gulAla 79. brahma jinadAsa 81. brahmarAyamalla 83. bastarAma zAha 85. bAlabanda 87. dUbarAja 89. candrasena 91. bhAU 93. bhUdharadAsa 26. mAna kIti 28. zAnabhUSaNa 30. caritrasena muni 32. chIla 34. jagatarAma 36. paM. jayacanda 38. jayadharma 40. jayasAgara upAdhyAya 42. jinadAsa pAMDe 44. jinasamudrasUri 46. jina harSa 48. jodharAja godIkA 50. ThakurasI 52. tribhuvanacandra 54. dAmodara 56. dIpacanda 58. devacandra 60. devIdAsa 62. dhAnatarAya 64. dharmavardhana 66. narendra kIti 68. nAhara jaTamala 70. padmanandi 72. prabhAcandra 74. brahma kapUracanda 76. brahma jayarAja 78. brahma jayasAgara 80. brahmadharmasAra 82. brahmayazoSara 84. banArasIdAsa 86. bulAkIdAsa 88. bhagavatIdAsa 90. bhavAnIdAsa 92. bhuvanakIti 94. bhaiyA bhagavatIbATa

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________________ viddharaNa ,95. mArAma 97. matizekhara 99. mahIcandra bhaTTAraka 101, mAnasiMha mAna 103. meru nandana upAdhyAya 105. maMgatarAya 107. yazovijaya 109. ratnakIti 111. rAjacandra 113. rAjazekhara sUri 115. rAyacandra 117. rUpacandra pAMDe 119. lAlacanda 121. lAvaNya samaya 123. vAdicanda 125. vizvabhUSaNa 127. 129. vinayaprabha upAdhyAya 131. vinaya samudra 133. vinodIlAla 135. vidyAsAgara 137. vIracandra 139. saMvegasundara 141. sakalakIti (dvitIya) 143. sadhArU 145 sAdhukIrti 147. sundarasUri 349. sumatisAgara 151. somakIti 153. zaMkaradAsa subhacandra (dvitIya) 157. ziromariNadAsa 159. harSakIti 161. hIrAnanda mukIma 163. hIrAnandasari 165. 167. hemasAgara 159. zrI padmatilaka 98. mahanadi 100. mAnakavi 102. mevarAja 104. mohanavAsa aura 106. yazodhara 108. ralacanda (prathama) 110. ratnacanda (dvitIya) 112. rAjamala pAMDe 114. rAmacandra 116. rUpacanda 118. lakSmIballabha 120. lAlacandalabdhodaya 122. lohaTa J24. vijayakIti 126. vijayakIrti 178. vinayacanda muni 130. vinaya vijaya 132. vinaya sAgara 134. vidyAbhUSaNa 136. vihArIdAsa 138. saMyamasAgara 140. sakalakIrti (prathama) 112. sakalabhUSaNa 144. samayasundara 146. sundaradAsa 148. sumatikIrti 150. surendrakIti 152. somasundara sUri 154. zubhacandra (prathama 156. zAlivAhana 158. subhacandra 160. hIrakalaza 162. hIrAcanda paM. 14. hemavijaya 166. hemarAja godIkA 168. haricanda

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________________ pariziSTa 3 . - ANDRAwwam sahAyaka panyoM kI sUcI (ka) saMskRta : 1. adhyAtma rahasya-paM. mAzAdhara 2. Rgveda-zrIpAda sAtavalekara, praundhanagara, 1940 3. kaThopaniSad-gItA presa, gorakhapura 4. chAndogyopaniSad-gItA presa, gorakhapura 5. tatvArtha sUtra-mathurA, vI. ni. saM. 2477 6. puruSArtha siddhayupAya-amRtacandrasUri 7. bhagavat gItA-gItA presa, gorakhapura 8. pANinisUtra-vArANasI 1. samAdhitantra-zrI pUjyapAva, vIra sevA maMdira, sarasAvA, sahAranapura prathama saMskaraNa, vi. saM. 1996. 18. yogazAstra- eziyATika sosAiTI, gaMgAla ' 11. zvetAzvataropaniSad-gItA presa, gorakhapura 12. zrImadbhAgavata gItA presa, gorakhapura (ba) pAli-prAkRta apabhraMza : 1. aSTapAra-saM. paM. pannAlAla jaina, mahAvIrI . . 2. therI bAbA-saM. jagadIza kAzyapa, 1956 3. sambayana sUtra-sakatA IP, . . : gAla kalAmA vidyA prabhAvA pariSada, paTanA-3 prathama saMskaraNa, li , 2014 ..... 5. parindu-risari, sArvajanika pustakAlaya sada, 1951 6. ThANAMgalAhamavAbAda, 1931.. :. :

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________________ 306 7. 8. 9. pAhur3a dohA - ( muni rAmasiMha) - DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA, 1933 10. praNayasAra - bambaI, 1935 11. yogasAra ( yogIndu suni) - paramabhUta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1937 12. samavAyAMga -- rAjakoTa, 1962 13. sAvayavammadohA (devasena) - saM. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, kAraMjA, 1932 14. samayasAra (kundakundAcArya) - pATanI di. jaina granthamAlA, bharoTha, mAravAr3a paMcAstikAya kundakundAcArya rAmacandra jaina zAstramAlA, vI. ni. saM. 2441 paramAtma prakAza-yogIndu munisaM. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye - paramabhUta prabhAvaka maMDala, bambaI, 1937 15. sanmati tarka prakararaNa -- ahamadAbAda 16. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya-ahamadAbAda, 1937 (ga) hindI : 1. adhyAtma padAvalI - saM. rAjakumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathama saMskaraNa, 1954 riceras (banArasIdAsa ) nAthUrAma premI, hindI grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, 1943 2. 3. ura za mora hindI meM jaina rahasyavAda - DaoN. vAsudeva siMha, samakAlIna prakAzana, vArANasI, sa. 2022 M 4. prapabhraMza kathAkAvya evaM hindI - DaoN. premacandra jaina, sohanalAla jaina dharma premAkhyAnaka pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, pra. saMskaraNa, (a) prAdikAla ke ajJAta hindI rAsakAvya-DaoN. harIza maMgala prakAzana jayapura 1974 (b) bhAdikAla kI prAmANika racanAe~- DaoN. gaNapaticandra gupta naI dillI, 1976 6. 5. prAdhunika hindI sAhitya kI vicAradhArA para pAzcAtya prabhAva. harikRSNa purohita, jayapura, 1974 mAnavacana pada saMgraha-madhyAtma jJAna prasAraka maNDala, bambaI 7. . mAnandaghana bahottarI - paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, bambaI uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA - parazurAma caturvedI 8.

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________________ 9. upadeza dohAsataka naI dillI 10, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha- kalakattA, vi. saM. 1994 11. kabIra kaoN. rAmajIlAla 'sahAyaka', lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, pra. Bai  saMskaraNa, 1962. 12. kAvya meM rahasyavAda DaoN. baccUlAla avasthI, kAnapura, 1965 13. kavitA ratna - bambaI, 1967 14. kabIra -DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, hindI grantha ratnAkara, bambaI, paMcama saMskaraNa, 1954 15. kabIra kA rahasyavAda - DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA, san 1921 16. kabIra kI vicAradhArA - DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, sAhitya niketana, kAnapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saM. 2014 17. kabIra granthAvalI saM. zyAma sundaradAsa, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, chaThA saMskaraNa, saM. 2013 18. kabIra vacanAvalI - prayodhyAsiMha 19. kabIra bIjaka - vArANasI 20. kabIra sAhitya kA adhyayana - puruSorAma lAla, sAhitya ratnamAlA kAryAlaya, banArasa, pra. saMskaraNa, saM. 2018 21. kAvya kalA tathA anya nibandha-jayazaMkara prasAda bhAratI bhaNDAra, lIDara presa, ilAhAbAda, tRtIya saMskaraNa, saM. 2005 22. jJAnadarpaNa - jaina mitra kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1911 23. guru grantha sAheba - 24. morakhabAnI saMgraha - bar3athvAla, hi. saMskara 25. gulAla sAhaba kI vAnI - velabeDiyara presa 26. ghanAnanda aura prAnandadhana - bhAcArya vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, prasAda pariSad, kAzI, prathamA vRti, saM. 2002 27. chahaDhAlA - ( daulatarAma ) - sonagar3ha, vI. ni. saM. 2489 28. chahaDhAlA (bucajana) -- vasana, san 1898 29. pharma caritra bhASA (kaMvA bhagavatIdAsa) 30. jasa vilAsa yazovijaya upAdhyAya 31 jAmI kA padmAvata: DaoN. govindAya saMskaraNa, prazoka prakAzana: dillI 6, san 1963

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________________ 32. jinezvara pada saMgraha-jinavAraNI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 33. chAyApAda aura vaidika darzana-DaoN. premaprakAza rastogI, dillI, 1971 34. vApasI anthAvalI-sa. rAmacandra zukla, nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, paMcama saMskaraNa, zaM. 2008 35. me kaviyoM kA itihAsa-mUlacaMda vatsala, sAhitya pracAraka samiti, jayapura 36. jaina gurjara kaviyo-mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI, bambaI, vi. saM. 1982 37. jaina dharma sAra-saM. jinendra varNI, sarvasevA saMgha prakAzana, vArANasI,  /  san 1974 38. jaina bhakti kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi-DaoN. premasAgara jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1964 39. jaina kriyA koSa-(daulatarAma)-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA 40. jaina stotra saMgraha pragama bhAga-ahamadAbAda, 1932 41. jainazataka (bhUdharadAsa)-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA dvi. prAvRtti, 1935 42. jaina zodha aura samIkSA-~-DaoN. premasAgara jaina, mahAvIra pati. kSetra, jayapura prathama saMskaraNa, bI. ni. saM 2496 43. tulasI ke bhaktyAmaka gIta-DaoN. vacanadeva kumAra, hindI sAhitya saMsAra, dillI, pra. saMskaraNa, 1964 44. tulasI pranthAvalI-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, vAraNasI 45. dAdUdayAla kI bAnI-belaveDiyara presa, prayAga 46. daulata jaina pada saMgraha-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA-7 47. dohAkoza-sa. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA 3, pra. saMskaraNa, saM. 2014 48. dohA paramArtha (rUpacanda)-kalakattA 49. bAnata pada saMgraha (yAnasarAya)-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA-7 50. dharmaratnodyota (jagamohanadAsa) bambaI, san 1912 51. dharmavilAsa cAmata vilAsa)-na anya rasmAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI,pra. saMskaraNa, 1914 52. nAtha sampradAyakA. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, hindustAna ekeDemI, ilAhA bAba,1950

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________________ $3. nAIka samayasAra (banArasIdAsa) vi.na svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3I . saMskaraNa ki. 20 2019 . 54. panthI gIta (bIhala)55. pravacanasAra-paramAgama (vRndAvana)-bambaI, san 1908 56. paramArtha jakar3I saMgraha -kalakattA 57. pArzva purANa (bhUdharadAsa)-grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, ji. saMska raNa saM. 1975 58. prAcIna kAvyo kI rUpa-rekhA-amaracanda nAhaTA, bhA. vi. maM. zoSa. pra. bIkAnera, 1962 59. banArasIvilAsa (banArasIdAsa)-nAnUlAla smAraka granthamAlA, jayapura, saM. 2011 60. bArahamAsA saMgraha-jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA 61. bAraha bhAvanA saMgraha-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakatA 62. budhajana satasaI-jaina pustaka bhavana, kalakattA, bI. ni. sa. 2477 63. budhajana vilAsa-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakatA . 64. bauddha sAMskRti kA itihAsa-DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara, mAloka prakA zana, nAgapura, 1972 65. brahmavilAsa (maiyA bhagavIdAsa)-jana grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, vi. saMskaraNa, 1926 66. bhaktikAvya me rahasyavAda-DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pADe, nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, billI-7, pra. saMskaraNa san 1966 67. bhArata kI antarAtmA-anu. vizvambharanAtha tripAThI 68. bhIkhA sAhaba kI vAnI-velaveDiyara presa 69. bhUSaravilAsa (bhUdharavAsa)-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakakSA madhyakAlIna dharmasAdhanA---DaoN. hamArI prasAda dvivedI, sAhitya bhavana limiTeDa ilAhAbAda, pra. saMskaraNa, 1952 70. saMta kabIra kI sAkhI-baiMkaTezvara 71. sundara darzana-DaoN. trilokI nArAyaNa dIkSita, kitAba mahala, ilAhA bAda, pra. saMskaraNa, 1933 12. paranavAsa kI bAnI-1 1

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________________ iro 73. saMtakAmya-parazurAma caturvedI, kisAna mahala, ilAhAbAda pra. saMskaraNa, 1952 74. saMtasuSAsAra-saM. piyogI hari, sastA sAhitya maNDala prakAzana, naI dillI, 1953 15. sAhityika nikA-saM.DA. tribhuvana siMha, vArANasI, pra. saMskaraNa, san 1970 16. mAra sikhAmana rAsa-saMvega sundara upAdhyAya17. saMta sAhitya-DaoN. suvarzana siMha majIThiyA, rUpa kamala prakAzana, dillI, pra. sAMskaraNa, san 1962 78. sUra para unakA sAhitya-DaoN. haravaMzalAla zarmA, bhArata prakAzana mandira, alIgar3ha, tRtIya saMskaraNa 79. sUra sAhitya-DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, madhyabhArata hindI sAhitya samiti, saM. 1993 80. sUra kI kAvyasAdhanA-DaoN. movindarAma zarmA nezanala pabliziMga hAusa, dillI, 1970 81. saMta vANI saMgraha82. tira sAhitya-DaoN. dharmavIra bhArata, 1955 43. sImaMdhara svAmI stavana (vinayaprabha upAdhyAya)84. madhyakAlIna hindI saMta vicAra--DaoN. kezanI prasAda caurasiyA, hindu paura sAdhanA stAna ekeDemI, ilAhAbAda, pra. saM. 1952 15. madhyakAlIna prema sAdhanA--parazurAma caturvedI-sAhitya bhavana limiTeDa, ilAhAbAda, pra. saM. 1965 86. mamamovana paMcazatI (chatrapati)--baDavAnI, se. 2443 37. manarAma vilAsa (manarAma)88. bhaTTAraka sampradAya-DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara, jIvarAja granthamAlA, solApura, 1958 89. mitra bandhu vinoda-bhAga-1-2, gaMgA pustaka mAlA, kAryAlaya, lakhanaka, 'hi. saMskaraNa, se 1984 90. moha viveka yuddha (banArasIdAsa)--vIra pustaka bhaNDAra, vI. ni. saM. 2481

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________________ 91. mIrA kI prema sAdhanA- bhuvanezvaramA mice 'mAdhava', rAjakamala prakAzana, caturtha saMskaraNa 92. mIrA padAvalI - viSNukumAra maMju 93. mIrAMbAI- DaoN. prabhAta, hindI grantha ratnAkara, bambaI, pra. saMskaraNa, san 1965 9 mohana bahutarI -- varaiyA smRti grantha-DaoN. kundamalAla jaina vareyA smRti grantha 95. rahasyavAda - - parazurAma caturvedI 96. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva- DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jayapura prora kRtisva * 97. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM--DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, bhAga kI grantha sUcI 1-5 mahAvIra maheSa saMsthAna, jayapura 98. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita--saM. motIlAla menAriyA, hindI grantho kI khoja, prathama bhAga vidyApITha, udayapura, san 1942 99. rAjasthAna me hindI ke hastalikhita- sa. bhagaracanda nAhaTA, sAhitya granthoM kI sUcI - caturtha bhAga saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, san 1964 100. rAmacarita mAnasa --saM. mAtAprasAda gupta, hindustAnI ekeDemI, ilAhAbAda 101 sUphI mata: sAdhanA aura rAmapUjana tivArI, jJAna maNDala limiTeDa, sAhitya vArANasI, pra. saMskaraNa, saM. 2013 102. rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita-saM. udayasiMha bhaTanAgara, sAhitya granthoM kI khoja, tRtIya bhAga saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, 104. raidAsa jI kI vAnI belaveDiyara presa 105. bRhajjanavANI saMgraha -- jaina bhavana, kalakattA 106. vinatI saMgraha - bambaI, san 1934 107. vinaya patrikA pItA presa, gorakhapura 108 hastalikhita hindI granthoM kA pandrahavAM vArSika nArI vAriNI, vivaraNa (loga riporTa san 1932-34 ) sabhA kAzI

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________________ * 199- hibA kAyArAmala mAtyAyanakitAba mahala sAhAkAra, pra. saMskaraNa, 1945 110. hindI kAvya meM nirguNa sampradAya-oN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla, mavaSa pabliziMga hAusa, pAnadarIbA, lasa naU, pra. saMskaraNa, saM. 2007 111. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA-DaoN. govinda triguNAyata, sAhitya aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi niketana, kAnapura, pra. saMskaraNa san 1961 112. hindI bana sAhitya kA itihAsa-nAyUrAma premI, jaina anya ratnAkara  /  kAryAlaya, bambaI, saM. 1973 113. hindI jana bhaktikAnya paura kavi-. premasAgara jaina, bhAratIya bhAnapITha'kAzI, 1964 114. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana-DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 115. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta-DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa jJAnapITha kAzI, 1947 116. hindI pada saMgraha-oN. kasturabanda kAsalIvAla, mahAvIra atizaya kSetra, ayapura, pra. saMskaraNa, 1965 117. hindI sAhitya, dvitIya saNa-saM. DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, bhAratIya hindI pariSada pra. bhAga, prathama saMskaraNa, saM. 2015 118. hindI sAhitya; eka parihatta-DaoN. zivanandana prasAda zivedI, 1969 119. hindI sAhitya-oN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI, dehalI. 1952 120. hindI sAhitya kA batIta-vizvanAtha prasAda mizra, bAsI vitAna prakA. bana, brAhmanAlA, vArANasI, pR. saMskaraNa I.. 2015 121. hindI sAhitya kA udabhava aura vikAsa-kaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI 122. hindI sAhitya kA prAvikAla-DA. hamArI prasAda dvivedI, bihAra, rASTrabhASA pariSad, paTanA-3, dvi. saMskaraNa, saM. 2013 19. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa-rAmacandra suvA, nAyarI pracAriNI sabhA, bhASI, 2009 ..

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________________ far 224. hindI sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa bhAga- 1 -saM. DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya, kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, saM. 2014 A 225. hindI sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM --- DaoN. jayakizana prasAda khaNDelavAla, vinoda pustaka mandira, AgarA, aSTama saMskaraNa, san 1971 226. jAyasI ke paravartI hindI sUphIkavi aura kAvya (gha) nibandha 1. mohanadAsa Thora ( 1643-1750 jaina siddhAMta bhAskara, kiraNa 2, kundanalAla jaina aMka - 25,1968 2. 313 hindI kA jajaina sAhitya-gadAvarasiMha - bhAratIya jaina sAhitya saMsada, bhAga AdikAla aura saMtakAvya kI pRSThabhUmi 1, pR. 49 3. kavivara banArasIdAsa praura unakI rasa-bhAratIya jaina sA. saMsada, bhAga 1 paramparA-jamanAlAla jaina 4. devIdAsa --- paramAnaMda zAstrI - anekAnta varSa 11, kiraNa 7-8 akTUbara, 1952, q. 273 kavivara paM. daulatarAma - paramAnaMda zAstrI - manekAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 3, maI 1952, pR. 252 6. brahmajinadAsa - - agaracanda nAhaTA - pranekAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 19, navambara, 1952 7. hemarAja godIkA paramAnanda zAstrI - pranekAnta, varSa 11, kirasa 10, pravacanasAra hindI anuvAda pR. 348 thAnatararAya --- paramAnanda zAstrI - pranekAnta varSe 11 ki. 4-5 jUnajulAI, 1952 5. - DaoN. saralA zukla, lakhanaU vizvavidyAlaya, saM. 2013 8. 9. vajana aura unakI racanAyeM - pranekAnta varSa 11 ki. 6, agasta, paramAnanda zAstrI 1952 10. kavi bhUradAsa maura unakI vicAradhArA -anekAnta varSa 12 ki. 10, paramAnda zAstrI mArca 54 | 11. kavi grahama-paramAnanda zAstrI-manekAnta varSa 21 ki. 3, pragasta 68 12. rAjasthAna ke jaina kavi aura unakI anekAnta, varSa 25, kri. 4-5 disaM. racanAyeM gajAnana mizra 1972

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________________ 4 13. bahAmI kavi brahma kI racanAyeM-maMgatarAma-anekAnta varSa 23, ki.. cilakAnA vAsI bhaMka1979 14. brahma yazodhara-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta, magasta, 1970 15. kavi vinodIlAla-paramAnda zAstrI-bhanekAnta, akTUbara 1972 16. hindI ke kucha pramAta jaina kavi mora-anekAnta, varSa 24, ki 4 akTU.  /  unakI aprakAzita racanAyeM paramAnanda zAstrI 1971 17. jaina bhaktikAvya meM prapati-anekAnta varSa 24, ki. 4, pradU. 1974 DaoN. maMmArAma garga 18. paM. jayacanda aura unakI sAhitya sevA-anekAnta,varSa 13, ki. 7, paramAnanda zAstrI janavarI 55 19. vidarbha ke do hindI kAvya-anekAnta, varSa 19, ki 12, paprela 1966 vidyAdhara joharApurakara 20. bhAcArya sakalakIti aura unakI-anekAnta 19, ki. 1-2. aprela, hindI sevA-kundanalAla jaina 1966 21. rAjasthAna ke jaina muni padmanandI-anekAnta, varSa 22, ki. 6. phara. paramAnanda zAstrI 1970 22. bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta, varSa 14, ki. 8, mArca, ____1957 23. kavi ThAkurasI aura unakI kRtiyAM-anekAnta, varSa 14, ki. 1, agasta paramAnanda zAstrI 1956 24. paM. bhAgacandra jI-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta, varSa 14, ki, 1, pragasta, 1956 25. hindI bhASA ke kucha granthoM kI anekAnta, varSa 13, ki. 4-5 akTUbara naI khoja-paramAnanda zAstrI navambara, 9154 26. paM. dIpacandra jI zAha aura unakI-pranekAnta varSa 13, ki. 4-5akTUbara racanAyeM-paramAnanda zAstrI navambara, 1954 27. brahmajinadAsa-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta, varSa 24, ki. 5, disaM. 28. jaina santa dAnakIti jIvana evaM--anekAnta, varSa 15, ki 1, aprela sAhitya-DaoN. kastracanda kAsalIvAla 1962 29. daulatarAma kRta jIvaghara caritraH -anekAnta varSa 15, ki. 1, mala, eka paricaya-anUpacanda 1962 30. Tekacanda aura unakI racanAyeM-anekAnta, varSa 15, ki. 2. jUna, 1962 amaracanda nAhaTA

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________________ 316 31. tatvopadeza kahatAlA : eka samAlocana bhanekAnta, varSa 15 ki. 2, jUna dIpacaMda pAMDyA 1962 32. baina apabhraza kA madhyakAlIna hindI-anekAnta varSa 16, ki. 2-3, ke maktikAvya para prabhAva julAI-agasta, 1962 DaoN. prema sAgara jana 33. kavivara banArasIdAsa kI sAMskRtika-anekAnta varSa 15, ki. 4, akTU. dena-ravIndrakumAra jaina 1962 34. mAdikAlIna 'carcarI' racanAoM kI anekAnta, varSa 15, ki. 4, akTUbara paramparA kA udbhava aura vikAsa 1962 35. rAjasthAnI jaina veli sAhitya:-anekAnta varSa 15, ki. 4, akTU. 62 eka paricaya-DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata 36 madhyakAlIna jaina hindI kAvya meM-anekAnta, varSa 15 ki. 6, phara. 63 premabhAva-DaoN. premasAgara jaina 37. alabhya anyoM kI khoja-anekAnta, varSa 16, ki. I, apraila 1963 -sukAzeladAsa caupai 38. jhAta kaviyoM kI katipaya prajJAta-anekAnta, varSa 23 ki. 5-6 disaMbara racanAyeM-gaMgArAma garga 70-71 39. kavi devidAsa kA paramAnaMda vilAsa-anekAnta varSa 20, ki. 4, makTra. DaoN. bhAmacanda jaina 1967 40. bhagavatIdAsa kA vaidyavinoda-anekAnta varSa 21 ki. 2, jUna 1967 DaoN. joharApurakara 41. rAjasthAna ke jaina kavi aura unakI anekAnta 26, ki. 2. maI-jUna racanAyeM-gajAnana mizra 1973 41. prAcArya somakIrti-anekAnta varSa 16 ki. 2, jUna 63 a.kastUracaMdakAsalIvAla banArasIdAsa ke kAvya meM bhaktirasaanekAnta varSa 16 ki. 3, akTra. DaoN. premasAgara 63 palA granthoM kI khoja -anekAnta varSa 16 ki. 4, prakTra. 63 DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 45. digambara kaviyoM ke racita phAgu-manekAnta varSa 16. ki. 5, navambara 63 kAvya-amaracaMda nAhaTA 46. ThakurasIkRta paMcendriya veli-bhanekAnta varSa 16, ki. 6, disaM. 1963 narendra bhAnAvata

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________________ 316 47. kavi valhayA vRdhirAja-pranekAnta varSa 16 ki. 6, phara. 1964 paramAnanda zAstrI 48. hindI ke malabhya granthoM kI khoja-anekAnta varSa 16 ki. 6, kara. 64 DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 49. kavivara devIdAsa-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta varSa 11, ki. 7-8 sitambara akTU. 52 50. mAlI rAso (jinadAsakA)-anekAnta varSa 23, ki. 2. jUna, 1970 paramAnanda zAstrI 51. hindI bhASA ke kucha aprakAzita grantha-anekAnta varSa 23 ki. 2, jUna pannAlAla agravAla 1970 52. sUradAsa aura hindI kA jaina pada kAvya-anekAnta varSa 19, ki. 2, DaoN. premasAgara jaina praga. 1966 53. agravAloM kA jaina saMskRti meM yogadAna-anekAMta varSa 20 ki. 4, paramAnanda zAstrI bhakTU. 1967 54. hindI ke jaina kavi aura kAvya-anekAnta varSa 19, ki. 6, 1967 55. bhaTTAraka vijayakrIti -anekAnta varSa 17, ki. 2, jUna 1964 DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 56. digambara kaviyoM ke racita -anekAMta varSa 17, ki. 2, jUna 1964 veli sAhitya-amaracada nAhaTA 57. pradyumna caritra kA racanAkAla va-anekAMta varSa 14 ,ki. 6, jUna 1957 racayitA-agaracaMda nAhaTA 58. purAne sAhitya kI khoja-anekAMta varSa 14, ki. 6, jUna, 1957 29. hindI ke naye sAhitya kI khoja-anekAMta varSa 14, ki. 12, julAI DaoN. kastUracaMva kAsalIvAla 1957 69. zAntinAtha phAgu (bha. sakalakIti-anekAnta varSa 19. ki. 4, pradU. kundanalAla jaina 1966 61. samayasAra ke TIkAkAra -anekAnta varSa 12, ki. 7, disaM. 1953 rUpacanda jI-pragaracanda nAhaTA 62. paM. ziromaNidAsa viracita dharmasAra-anekAnta varSa 22, ki. 1, mala DaoN. bhAgacanna jana bhAkara 1968 63. jaina kAvya meM virahAnubhUti bhanekAnta varSa 22, ki. 1, apraila, 1969 DaoN. gaMgArAma garma

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________________ 64. sAdhyAtama battIsI (rAjamahasa)-anekAnta varSa 21, ki. 4, akTU * amaracaMda nAhaTA 1938 65. jJAnasAgara kI sphuTa racanAyeM-anekAnta varSa 21, ki. 4, bhakTU. 1968 vidyAdhara joharApurakara 66. bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti -anekAnta varSa 20, ki. 3, aga. 1967 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 67. mahAkavi samayasudara aura unakA dAnazIla-pranekAnta varSa 20, ki. 3, tapa bhAvanA saMvAda-satyanArAyaNa svAmI agasta 1967 68. agravAloM kA jaina saMskRti meM yogadAna--anekAnta varSa 20, ki. 3, paramAnanda zAstrI agasta 1967 69. pANDe lAlacanda kA varAMgacarita-pranekAMta varSa 22, ki. 3-4 aga. DaoN. bhAgacaMda bhAskara akTUbara 1939 70. rUpaka kAvya paramparA -anekAMta varSa 14, ki. 9, apraila 1957 DaoN. paramAnanda zAstrI 71. kavi vinodI lAla-paramAnanda zAstrI-anekAnta varSa 25, ki. 4-5 ___ akTUbara 1972, 72 ajJAta jaina kavi aura unakI racanAye -anekAnta varSa 24, ki. ! . DaoN. gaMgArAma garga 1971 73. hindI ke kucha ajJAta jaina kavi aura unakI-anekAMta varSa 24, ki 1, aprakAzita racanAyeM-paramAnanda zAstrI apraila 1971 74. hindI ke ajJAta gaina kavi-anekAMta varSa 24, ki. 2, jUna 1971 paramAnaMda zAstrI 75. saMta kabIra aura bAnatarAya-anekAMta varSa 24, ki. 2, jUna 1971 gaMgArAma garga 76. pAMDe jIvanadAsa kA bArahamAsA-anekAnta varSa, 34, ki. 2, jUna ginnIlAla 1971 77. bhavyAnaMda paMcAzikA-anekAMta 78. amvikA kathA-agaracaMda, nAhaTA-anekAMta 79. guNakoti kRta viveka vilAsa-anekAMta vidyAdhara joharApurakara 80. hi.a. sA. ke kucha prajJAta jaina kavi-anekAMta ma. jyotiprasAda 81. brahmajJAna sAgara aura unakI racanA-anekAMta kundanalAla

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________________ 318 82. buDelakhaMDa ke kavivara devIdAsa anekAMta 83. muni kezavadAsa kI racanAyeM jaina saMdeza zodhAMka, 23 wwe, 1956 agaracaMda nAhaTA, saM. 1753 arunanIsI 84. paM. devIdAsa jI aura unakA paramAnanda jaina sandeza zodhAMka 27 vilAsa - hIrAlAla si. zAstrI 85. after paMcAzata kA prAcIna padyAnuvAda -- jaina sandeza zodhAMka 26-27 zItala sAgara 86. ajJAta kavi kRta zIlasa-- DaoN. sanata kumAra raMgAriyA zramaraNa, maI 1969 87. jaina padoM meM rAgoM kA prayoga -- zramaNa, maI, 9172 pyArelAla 88. banArasIdAMsa kA rasadarzana - zramaNa, zrapraila, 1972 89. jaina misTisijma- - zramaNa, apraila, 1973 zramaNa, maI, 1973 90. svayaMbhU zrIra tulasIdAsa -- bhramaNa, julAI 67 prema sumana 91. adhyAtmavAda - devendramuni zAstrI -- zramaNa nabaM. disaM. 1967 92 di. jaina kartA aura unake grantha-- jaina hitaiSI " (ca) hastalikhita pratiyoM kA khoja vivaraNa 1. 5. 6. 2. prAdIzvara phAgu pramera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura 3. bhAradA prAnaMda tilaka-prAmera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura 4. karmaghaTAvali - kanakakIrti-tradhIcanda digambara jaina maMdira, jayapura cetana pudgala hamAla - digambara jaina maMdira, nAgadA bUMdi caubIsa stuti pATha - di. jaina paMcAbatI maMdira, bar3auta dhanapAlarAsa --- pramera zAstra bhaDAra, jayapura 8. paMcasahelI gIta-lUNakaraNa jI pANDyA maMdira, jayapura 9. pradyumna caritra -- pramera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura 10. pArzvajina stavana --- khairAbAda ke guTake meM siddha 11. manarAmavilAsa - - ThAThiyoM kA di. jaina maMdira jayapura, beSTa naM. 395 12. mithyA dukkar3a-Amera zAstra bhaMDAra. jayapura 13. samAdhi-jaina paMcAyatI maMdira, dillI 7. nastamitavrata saMdhi haricanda-- digambara jaina bar3A maMdira, jayapura, guTakA naM. 171

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________________ 319 14. zivaramA vivAha --vIcanda naMdira jayapura, muTakA 158 ajayarAja pATassI 15. bI cUnarI bhItIvAsa-maMgorA (mathurA) nivAsI paM. palabharAmajI ke pAsa 16. khaTolanA gIta-rUpacaMda-mAmera zAstra maMDAra, jayapura 17, adhyAtama sarvayA-rUpacanda--badhIcanda mandira, jayapura 18. phuTakala pada-bahmadIpa-mAmera zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura ke guTakA . meM prakAzita 19. upadeza dohAzataka-pAMDe hemarAja TholiyoM kA mandira, jayapura 20. phuTakala pada-dhAnatarAya-badhIcanda jaina mandira, jayapura 21. manakarahArAsa-brahmadIpa--mAmera zAstra bhanDAra, jayapura 22. mAMjhA-banArasIdAsa-badhIcanda jaina mandira, jayapura  /  23. paramAnanda vilAsa aura pada paMkana--paravAra purA jaina mandira, nAgapura devIdAsa (cha) patra patrikAeM 1. anekAMta-vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI-6 2. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA--vAraNAsI 3. jaina sandeza (zoghAMka)-caurAsI, mathurA 4. jaina hiteSI-jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI 5. bhAratIya sAhitya--mAgarA vizva vidyAlaya 6. vIravANI--manihAroM kA rAstA, jayapura 7. marU bhAratI-rAjasthAna 8. zramaNa-vArANasI 9. pariSad patrikA-paTanA 10. hindustAnI-ilAhAbAda 11. hindI anuzIlana-prayAga (1) koSa 1. hindI zabda koSa---manandela 2. amarakoza-vArANasI 3. abhiSAna cintAmaNi koma-ratalAma 4. nAmamAlA (banArasIdAsa)-bIra sevA mandira, dillI 3. pAlikosasaMgaho-saM. DaoN. bhAgavada jaina-mAloka prakAzana, nAgapura pra. saMskaraNa, 1974

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________________ 6. Concise Oxford Dictionary-Oxford, 1961. * * *, gerard, want, ** ATTE 1980 to & **frater *TR-*. *- ford af, are opinie, forrett. 8. English 1. Comperatne Religion--A. C. Bonbuet, Petican Series, 19532. Eastem Religion and Western Thought-Dr. S. S. Radh. akrashan. 3. Mysticism in Bhagwadgita--Mahendran atha Sarkar. Cl lcutta, 1944. 4. Mysticism Theory and Art---Radhakamal Mukurji, 5. Studies in Vedanta--V. j. Kirtikar, Bombay. 6. Mysticism in Maharashtra---Prof. Ranade, 7. Mysticism in Religion--Dr, W. R. Inge, Newyark., 8. Myatical Phenomena--M. G. R. Alliert Forges, Lond on, 1926, 9. The Teachings of the ----Walter T. Stace, Newyark, 1960 Mystices. 10. The Varieties of Religious--Wiliam James, Longmans, Experience : A Study in 1929. Human Nature Il Mysticism in Newyark--Ku, Under Hill, 12. Practical Mysticism--Ku. Under Hill. 13. Mysticism-Ku. Under Hill. 14. Mysticism Dictionaries-Frank Gaynor. 15. New Haven--W. E. Hocking. 26. Mysticism and Logic--Page.

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