Shraman Sanskriti ki Ruprekha

Author(s): Purushottam Chandra Jain
Publisher: P C Jain
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035261/1

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zrI supAzvanAthAya namaH Chhilla Ik Ibollebic log de SEEsAhe, lApana22. phona : 0278-2425322 "5272008 zramaNa-saMskRti rUparekhA lekhaka prophesara puruSottama candra jaina zAstrI, ema0 e0, ema0 zro0 ela0 pttiyaalaa| Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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zramaNa-saMskRti kI rUparekhA S:::::::::::MIIIIIIIRAMAILY:415 lekhaka:prophesara puruSottama candra jaina zAstrI, ema. e., ema. zro. ela. paTiyAlA prakAzaka: prophesara pI. sI. jaina paTiyAlA vikrama saM0 2007 / (mUlya IsvI saM0 1951 / Y : jaina priTiMga presa, ambAlA zahara::::::

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pustaka milane kA patAH-- __ mainejara jaina priMTiMga presa, ambAlA siTI lA0 dIpacanda mohana lAla jaina jauharo adAlata vAjAra paTiyAlA (pepsu) pro. po. sI. jaina ema. e sTeDiyama paTiyAlA ( pepsu ) mudraka - lA. rozana lAla jI jaina lA. bAba rAma jI jaina jaina priMTiMga prema, ambAlA zahara / ( marvAdhikAra kartA ke adhIna hai)

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(Tu )( 2 ) IS) , Ce ) TOTO Se Xiu Xiu Yan Yan Yan Yan Qing OYu Che Che Che . zramaNa-saMskRti ke pujAriyoM ke kara kamaloM puruSottama candra jaina

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(ka) * namra nivedana bhAratIya itihAsa meM, jaina dharma, jaina saMskRti aura jaina darzana kA kitanA U~cA sthAna hai yaha kisI se chipA nahIM hai| jisa bhautikavAda kI bhayAnakatA se taMga Akara Aja vizva ke sabhI rASTra AdhyAtmikavAda ke sarvottama sandeza vizva zAnti kI sthApanA' ke mahatva ko samajhane lage haiM usa vizva zAnti ke sandeza ko jaina dharma anAdikAla se detA AyA hai / jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kI utkRSTatA nirvivAda siddha hai| isa mahAn dharma ke ahiMsAvAda, karmavAda aura anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta sadA vizva meM isa kI kIrti ko prasArita karate rheNge| kintu samaya kA cakra bar3A vicitra hai| vaha jainadharma jo kabhI vizvadharma hone kA dAvA karatA thA, kucha sadiyoM se avanati kI ora jA rahA hai aura usa kA pracAra kama ho rahA hai / isa kA mUla kAraNa yahI hai ki jaina dharma ke anuyAyI apane Adarzadharma ke vAstavika siddhAnta ko na samajha kara pathabhraSTa hote jA rahe haiN| jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kA mahattva uttarottara kevala zAstrIya vibhUti ke rUpa meM hI rahatA jAtA hai / jaina samAja ke jIvana meM una

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(kha) kA vyApaka rUpa meM pAlana lupta hotA jA rahA hai / isakA pariNAma yaha huA hai ki samAja meM sarvatra phUTa, IrSyA, kalaha aura mithyA pracAra kA sAmrAjya hai / anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ko tilAJjalI dI jA rahI hai / prema aura zAnti ke saMdeza ko ThukarAyA jA rahA hai / sampradAyavAda ke jhUThe vitaNDAvAda meM dhana kA mahAn apavyaya kiyA jA rahA hai aura zikSA jo rASTra aura samAja ke nirmANa ke liye paramAvazyaka hai, usa kI ore ucita dhyAna nahIM diyA jaataa| isa ke atirikta avanati kA eka kAraNa aura bhI hai / jaina sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki jainadharma kisI samaya meM vidvAnoM kA dharma thA kintu ahiMsA pradhAna dharma hone ke kAraNa isa ke anuyAyiyoM ne nyUnatama hisA vAle vyApAra vyavasAya ko apnaayaa| vyApAra se lakSmI kA Agamana svAbhAvika hai aura lakSmI ke cakra meM par3A huA mAnava apane dharma aura saMskRti ko bhUla jAe yA usa kI upekSA karade yaha koI Azcaryajanaka bAta nahIM / astu, vartamAna samaya meM jainadharma vyApaka rUpa meM vyApAriyoM kA dharma hI raha gayA hai| jo bhI kucha jaina dharma kA pracAra yatra tatra dRSTi gocara hotA hai usa kA zreya jainamuni rAjoM ko

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jAtA hai| loga jaina santoM para nuktA cInI avazya karate haiM kintu maiM yaha dAve ke sAtha kaha sakatA hUM ki yadi jaina muniratnoM ne jaina dharma ke pracAra kA bhAra apane Upara na liyA hotA to jo bhI jaina dharma kA pracAra aura jainAgamoM kA paThana pAThana Aja dRSTigocara hotA hai usa kA bhI prabhAva hotA / vyApArI loga jaina dharma ke vartamAna pracAra ko bhI kAyama rakhane meM samartha na ho pAte / astu, jainadharma ke pracAra, sAmAnya jJAna aura sudhAra ko hI dRSTi meM rakhakara 'zramaNa-saMskRti kI rUparekhA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai / zramaNa zabda jaina aura bauddha donoM ke liye prayukta hotA hai kintu yahAM jaina se hI abhiprAya hai| saMskRti zabda kA artha bahuta vyApaka hai / saMskRti se sambandha rakhane vAle sampUrNa viSayoM para isa grantha meM prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai / jo kalA Adi viSaya avazeSa raha gae haiM una para dUsare grantha meM prakAza DAlA jaaegaa| paJjAba vibhAjana ke samaya mujhe apanA pustakAlaya lAhaura meM hI chor3a kara AnA pdd'aa| isa grantha ke kucha adhyAya to maiMne lAhaura meM hI likha DAle the, zeSa yahAM Akara taiyAra kiye| yahAM likhate samaya abhISTa sabhI

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(gha) granthoM kI prApti ke abhAva meM bahuta sthaloM meM mujhe apanI smRti se hI kAma lenA pdd'aa| ataH bahuta saMbhava hai ki kaI sthAnoM meM uddharaNoM kI tathA anya azuddhiyAM raha gaI hoNgii| AzA hai vijJa pAThaka majhe una ke liye kSamA kareMge aura yadi una ke viSaya meM sUcita karane kA kaSTa kareMge to maiM una kA bahuta hI kRtajJa huuNgaa| anta meM maiM jainadharma ke suyogya vidvAn zrI DAkTarabanArasIdAsa jI jaina ema. e., pI. aica. DI. kA vahuta 2 dhanyavAda karatA hUM jinhoM ne isa grantha ko bhUmikA likhane kA kaSTa kiyA hai| pAThaka isa grantha ko par3ha kara lAbha uThAyeMge to maiM apanA parizrama saphala smjhuugaa| sTeDiyama, paTiyAlA namra nivedaka:30-1-51 puruSottama

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9 bhUmikA prophesara puruSottama candra jaina dvArA racita "zramaNasaMskRti kI rUparekhA" nAmaka grantha ko par3ha kara mujhe atyanta harSa huaa| lekhaka ne isa grantha kI nIMva lAhaura meM hI rakhI thI aura isa ke kaI adhyAyoM ke bAre meM mujha se carcA bhI kI thii| merI bar3I icchA thI ki isa grantha kA prakAzana ho jAe to pAThakoM ko bar3A lAbha hogA / aba isa grantha ko mudrita hote dekha kara isa kA paricaya karAne meM mujhe bar3A Ananda hotA hai / pro0 puruSottama candra jI jaina zAstrI, ema. e., ema. o. ela. kucha samaya taka 'jaina vidyA bhavana' lAhaura meM mere sAtha bhI kAma karate rhe| vahAM ina ko tulanAtmaka anusandhAna meM bar3I ruci ho gaI / phira ye aicisanakAleja lAhaura me prophesara ho gae aura DAkTara Apha philAsaphI kI DigarI prApta karane ke liye zIlAMkAcArya kRta 'mahApurisa cariyaM para thIsisa likhanA prArambha kara diyaa| isa nimitta ina ko jainAcAye zrImadvijayavallabhasUrIzvara jI ma.' marudhara prAntIya mantrI munizrI chagana lAla jI ma0 tathA

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( ca ) muni zrI puNya vijaya jI ma 0 jaise vidvAn santoM kI sevA meM rahane kA saubhAgya prApta huA / parantu paMjAba vibhAjana ke kAraNa thIsisa kA kAma samApta nahIM ho sakA / uparyukta kathana se bhalIbhAMti vidita hotA hai ki zrI puruSottama candra jI ne tulanAtmaka anusandhAna meM pUrNa yogyatA prApta karane ke bAda hI prastuta grantha kI racanA kI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH pratyeka viSaya kA vizleSaNa jaina, vaidika aura bauddha tInoM ke dRSTikoNa se kiyA hai / vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM bhArata ke mahAn dharmoM kI saMskRtiyAM sAtha 2 calI AI haiM aura tInoM meM pArasparika prabhAva par3atA rahA hai / bahuta sI bAtoM meM jaina saMskRti vaidika aura bauddha saMskRti se prabhAvita huI aura bahuta sI bAteM jaina saMskRtine vaidika aura bauddha saMskRti ko sikhAI / ata: jaina saMskRti ko pUrNarUpa se samajhane ke liye vaidika aura bauddha saMskRti kA samajhanA paramAvazyaka hai / prastuta pustaka meM jainadharma viSayaka kaI eka mahatvapUrNa praznoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai jo isa ke adhyAya zIrSakoM se hI prakaTa hotA hai / pustaka kI racanA zailI praur3ha hone ke sAtha 2 sarala aura sarasa bhI hai / kartA ne apane kathana kI puSTi ke liye yatra tatra aneka zAstrIya pramANa diye haiM /

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isa ke par3hane se jahAM jaina saMskRti kA vidvAn Ananda le sakatA hai vahAM sAmAnya pAThaka bhI lAbha uThA sakatA hai| dekhane meM AtA hai ki ajena janatA meM jaina dharma ke bAre meM aneka bhramabhUlaka dhAraNAe~ pAI jAtI haiM, isa pustaka meM bar3e rocaka DhaGga se unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / pahalA adhyAya par3hane se patA calatA hai ki jainadharma ko prAcInatA ke viSaya meM logo ke kaise vicitra aura asatya vicAra haiN| zrI puruSottama candra jI ne ekaeka ko le kara una kA khaNDana kiyA hai / isI prakAra jainadhame aura rAjanIti, ke prakaraNa meM vedika rAz2anIti kI apekSA jaina rAjanIti kI vizeSatAe~ bar3e hI sundara DhaGga se varNana kI gaI haiN| jainI loga apane rAjanaitika svatantra vidhAnoM se prAyaH aparicita haiM / una vidhAnoM kA digdarzana isa prakaraNa meM karAyA gayA hai| 'anekAntavAda' aura 'zramaNa-saskRti meM Izvara kA sthAna' ina adhyAyo meM grantha kartA kI dArzanika vidvattA kA patA calatA hai| dArzanika vizleSaNa ke sAtha 2 kartA ne sAmAjika sudhAra kI dRSTi nahIM khoI / yahI bAta anya adhyAyoM kI hai|

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(ja) lekhaka ne jaina saGgha kI vartamAna dazA para bhI bar3I spaSTa AlocanA kI hai| kahAM isa kA vaha jAjvalyamAna bhUta aura kahAM Ajakala kI paristhiti / isa para kevala AlocanA hI nahIM kI gaI balki ise sudhArane ke upAya bhI batalAe gae haiN| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka z2ana aura jenetara donoM ke liye bar3I hI upayogI siddha hogii| jaina loga to isa ko par3hakara apane dharma kI bhUta aura vartamAna dazA ko jAna sakate haiN| jenetara loga isa ke par3hane se jaina dharbha viSayaka asatya dhAraNAoM ko chor3a kara usa kA vAstavika svarUpa samajha skeNge| pajAvI vimAga, paTiyAlA, 30-1-51 banArasIdAsa jaina ema. e., pI. eca. DI. (nivRtta prophesara paMjAba yUnivarsiTo)

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(jha) viSayAnukramaNikA 1-jainadharma kI prAcInatA 2-drAvir3a jAti meM jainadharma 3-zvetAmbara mata kI prAcInatA 4-jainadharma aura rAjanIti 5 -jaina dharma meM varNavyavasthA vaidika varNa vyavasthA varNavyavasthA kA prArambha aneka jAtiyoM kI utpatti jaina varNa vyavasthA bauddhoM meM varNavyavasthA 6-jaina harma meM strI kA sthAna vaidika dharma meM strI kA sthAna jaina dharma meM vivAha pardA prathA dhArmika jIvana nArI sammAna kI parAkAthA 7-ahiMsA paramo dharmaH vaidika dharma meM hiMsA ahiMsA para dRSTipAta jaina dharma meM ahiMsA tatva kI sAdhanA rASTra pitA ke vicAra darzaka puruSa kyA kareM ? JI 64 104 121 12

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(1) 125 126 128 137 136 'ahiMsA' zabda niSedha ahiMsA kI maryAdita vyAkhvA hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka udyoga prAcIna bhArata kI artha vyavasthA zarIra zrama mega vizeSa dAvA ahiMsA samAja kA prANa hai hiMsA ahiMsA viSayaka bauddha dRSTi koNa =-anekAnta bAda anyadarzanoM para prabhAva jIvana meM dharma kI pradhAnatA dharma ke nAma para eka hI vastu meM do virodhI dharma sapta bhaMgI samanvaya syAdvAda ke vartamAna anuyAyI saMgaThana kI AvazyakatA saMkucita vAtAvaraNa 1-zramaNa-saMskRti meM Izvara kA sthAna Izvara viSayaka jJAna kI utpatti kA mUla aneka pramoM kI utpatti vaidika mantavya veda meM Izvara sattA Izvara hI sRSTikartA hai vedAnta darzana meM Izvara 144 147 146 150 154 155 157 158 159 16.

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(Ta) w 164 w 167 168 171 172 173 174 196 dvaitavAda advaitagada sAMkhya meM prakRti aura puruSa nyAyazAstra meM Izvara kI paribhASA zramaNa saMskRti meM Izvara Izvara sRSTikartA kyoM nahIM ? jaina mantabya sRSTi kI utpatti Izvara kA saMmAra se sambandha bauddha dharma meM Izvara kI mAnyatA bauddha dharma meM nirvANa bauddha paramparA meM kSaNikavAda nitya satya dharma nikAya ekAgra dhyAna kI pradhAnatA 10-zramaNa-saMskRti kA svarUpa saMskRti kI paribhASA saMskRti aura sabhyatA zramaNa saMskRti kI vizeSatAeM karma vipAka bhautikavAda aura aAtmatattva paJca mahAvrata satya asteya brahmacarya 178 176 181 183 184 186 187 188 161 262 163

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aparigraha tapa kI pradhAnatA sAmAjika jIvana gRhastha dharma vivAha ( u ) zramaNa saMskRti ke pravartaka bhramaNa - saMskRti kI mahAnatA Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 23 165 166 196 200 ': 204 205 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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paMkti mana hh zuddhi-patraka azuddha zuda yAtuyAma cAtuyAma 17 'nirmANamAsanna' ityAdi pATha kalpasUtra kI TIkA kA hai| kalpasUtra kA pATha isa prakAra hai:-"uppiM saMmeya siharaMsi' pR0 208, prA. 7 itkSINa itthINaM prAcana prAcIna sAra? soraTTha zAstraya zAstrIya granthAM granthoM ghuddha rAjA rAjAtroM sma raNa smaraNa RNadAna RNadAma vimtAro vistAro bRdahannIti bRhadahanIti tApataH tApitaH duSTasya banA binA vavyavasthA barNavyavasthA siddharNa vae ca eva ca tavo visaso tavoM visesA nArANAm narANAm janmAntara janmAntara RE:::: m sh l m : m m dRSTaya w : m siddha : w m w lh sh

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pRTha 84 94 100 117 118 125 "" 133 141 150 157 161 162 164 166 173 174 "" paMkti 6 21 . 13 5 12 18 16 8 16 20 US 3 15 m 20 13 24 mur 8 ) 21 18 16 azuddha banana grAmI vaha manA sAmA udyoga cana bhAtIya pacAra jana sahAra bhUmi saMbhavAnta javoM "" 186 162 165 ?EL 201 202 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat kama bhA jA dveSadi javana bhavAn rauva aura manu ya saskRti mArgamatibhyaH dvijammA zuddha jananI AgAmI yaha mAranA sImA jo udyoga cIz2a bhAratIya pracAra jaina saMhAra bhUmi saMbhavanti bIvoM kAma bhI jo dveSAdi jIvana bhagavAn raurava zrora manuSya saMskRti mArgavartinyaH dvijanmA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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// prIyatAM bhagavAn RSabha zrIH // // jaina dharma kI praaciintaa|| jaina dharma kI utpatti ke liye koI samaya vizeSa nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki yaha dharma anAdi kAla se bhArata meM calA pAtA hai / bahuta samaya taka to kucha bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya vidvAn isa dharma ko bauddha dharma kI hI eka zAkhA mAnate rahe kintu aba taka jo sAhityaka gaveSaNAeM ho cukI haiM unake AdhAra para yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki jaina dharma bauddha dharma se bahuta prAcIna eka pRthak dharma hai| kucha samaya taka to kucha vidvAn yahI mAnate rahe ki mahAvIra mahAtmA buddha kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / isa ke pazcAt ve kucha Age bar3he aura unhoM ne mAna liyA ki mahAvIra svAmI vAstava meM mahAtmA buddha se bhinna vyakti the aura unhoMne hI jaina dharma kI nIMva rakhI thii| una ke pUrva jaina dharma kA astitva na thA / vidvAnoM ne kahA ki jainadharma ko calAne vAle mahAvIra svAmI avazya aitihAsika vyakti the kintu una ke sAtha jo anya 23 tIrthaMkaroM kA nAma liyA jAtA hai ve saba kAlpanika vyakti the / astu, samaya kI pragati ke sAtha 2 vidvAn loga aura bhI Age bar3hate ge| bar3I 2 gaveSaNAeM huI aura bahuta aisI bAteM jo pahile asatya aura kAlpanika samajhI jAtI thIM, satya rUpa meM prakaTa huii| aba taka huI aneka gaveSaNAtroM ne jaina dharma kI prAcInatA para bar3A prakAza DAlA hai /

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[ 2 ] jisa prakAra vaidika mantavya ke anusAra paramAtmA isa sRSTi ko saMhAra ke bAda ' yathA pUrvamakalpayat ' pUrva kI taraha punaH nirmANa karatA hai aura pUrva kI taraha phira bhagavAn aneka avatAroM ke rUpa meM avatarita hotA hai / isI prakAra jaina dharma meM bhI samaya samaya para pUrvavat tIrtha kara avatAra lete rahate haiM aura jaina dharma ke jJAna kI satyatA ko prakaTa karate rahate haiM / yaha caka isI prakAra niraMtara calatA rahatA hai| jainadharma ke Adi tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabha svAmI the aura antima do zrI pAva. nAtha jI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra jI / jainadharma kI vaidika dharma se tulanA ke sAtha sAtha isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA paramAvazyaka hai ki vaidika dharma saMsAra ko prAdi aura antavAlA mAnatA hai kintu jaina dharma saMsAra ko anAdi aura ananta mAnatA hai| zrataeva jaina dharma meM vaidika siddhAnta kI taraha sRSTi kI utpatti aura saMhAra nahIM hote kintu sRSTi kA pravAha usI prakAra ananta kAla se calA A rahA hai aura calatA rhegaa| hAM ! jaise ki pahile likhA jA cukA hai ki pahale to jainadharma ko bauddha dharma kI zAkhA mAnA jAtA thA phira mahAvIra svAmI ko jainadharma kA utpAdaka mAnA jAne lagA, kintu abataka kI khoja ke pariNAma svarUpa jainoM ke 23 veM tIrthakara bhI pArzvanAtha jI ko bhI aitihAsika vyakti mAnA jA cukA hai| udAharaNa ke liye mahAvIra svAmI jI ke pitA siddhArtha kazyapa gotra ke the aura jJAtR kSatriya the / 'nAyakula caMde' aimA kalpa sUtra meM bhI pATha pAtA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ko una ke jovana kAla meM bhI loga "jJAtR putra" ke nAma se jAnate the / pAlI meM 'nAta' jJAti ko hI kahate haiN| isa prakAra "jJAtR putra" kA artha hotA hai "nAta putra" | "nAya putra" aura "nAyaputta" kI samAnatA pratyakSa hai| bauddhoM ke "sAmAaphala sutta" meM nAta putra ke dharma kA varNana karate hue isa prakAra likhA hai:

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[ 3 ] 'yAtuyAma saMvara saMvutto' isa meM yAtuyAma zabda bar3A hI sAra garbhita hai / pAzcAtya vidvAn jaikobI ne likhA hai ki yahAM yAtuyAma zabda mahAvIra aura 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ina donoM ke siddhAnta pracAra kI bhinnatA dikhAtA hai / pA nAtha ke samaya cAra hI mahAvrata the / jaise ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aura parigraha tyAga | brahmacarya nAmaka mahAvrata ko to mahAvIra svAmI nehI sammilita kiyA zrataeva pArzvanAtha kA dharma 'yAtuyAma' aura mahAvIra kA 'paMcayAma' hai / isa prakAra 'paMcayAma' kA pracAra karane vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra se bhinna 'cAtuyAma' ke pracAraka jainadharma ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha jI ke aitihAsika vyaktitva meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha jAtA / "C isake atirikta baMgAla kA sammeta zikhara jo pArzvanAtha pahAr3I ke nAma se prasiddha hai jainoM ke pradhAna tIrthoM meM se eka haiM / bhadrabAhu racita 'kalpa sUtra' jisa kA racanAkAla IsA pUrva 300 varSa karIba hai usa meM jo zrI pArzvanAtha jI ke viSaya meM varNana AtA hai usa kA eka uddharaNa isa prakAra hai: --- 1 nirvANamAsanna' saMmetAdrau yayau prabhuH / ( kalpasUtra - pRSTha 168 ) arthAt nirvANa ke samaya zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu isI saMmeta zikhara para Ae aura yahIM se mokSapada ko prApta hue / isI prakAra hemacandrAcArya viracita "triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra meM bhI:

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[ 4 ] jJAtvA nirvANamAsanna saMmetAdau yayau prabhuH / trayastrizanmuni yuto mAsaM vanazanaM vyavAt // (triSa. za. pu. ca. pRSTha 216 ) arthAt nirvANa ke samaya zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu saMmeta zikhara para Ae / 33 muni bhI una ke sAtha the aura unhoMne vahA~ mahIne kA anazana bhI kiyA ! isa prakAra ke varNana prabhu pArzvanAtha ke viSaya meM zAstroM meM yatra tatra usa aitihAsika satya ko puSTi karate haiM, jisa ke AdhAra para abataka paraMparA se cale Ate saMmeta zikhara ko pArzvanAtha pahAr3I ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / isa taraha jaina dharma ke 23 veM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha jI svAmI aitihAsika vyakti siddha ho jAte haiM / uparyukta vizleSaNa se pAThaka yaha na samajhe ki zrI parzvanAtha prabhu aitihAsika vyakti siddha ho cuke haiM / isa kAraNa jainadharma kA prArambha una se hI samajhanA cAhiye | aisA samajhanA satya se dUra jAnA hogA / bhagavAn mahAvIra aura zrI pArzvanAtha prabhu ina do avatAroM ke atiritaH anya 22 tIrthakaroM ke viSaya meM hama bhale hI prAdhunika vaijJAnika dRSTi se mahatva rakhane vAle pramANa dene meM asamartha ho kintu isa kA artha yaha nahIM ki ve vAstava meM kAlpanika hI haiN| una ke jIvana ke viSaya meM kucha eka pramANa aise milate haiM jinheM mahatva diyA jAnA cAhiye / mathurA meM kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se bahuta se jainadharma ke pratoka avazeSa nikale haiM / inakA samaya IsA pUrva 200 varSa hai / yahAM se jo zilAlekha mile haiM una meM bhaktoM ne apanI zraddhAJjali zrI RSabhanAtha jI svAmI ko isa prakAra dI hai: - prIyatAM bhagavAn RSabha zrIH / i

Page #24
( 5 ) 88 yAda rahe ki RSabha svAmI jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara haiM / isa ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI zilAlekhoM meM 33 namorihaMtANaM zrAtA haiM | jisakA artha spaSTa hai ki eka yA do nahIM kintu cahuta se tIrthakaroM ko zraddhAJjala do gaI hai / yadi bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI yA pArzvanAtha prabhu se jainadharma kA prArambha huA hotA to una donoM ke khA eka ke nAma likhakara hI zraddhAJjaliyAM dA hotIM / aisA na kara ke yAdi tIrthaMkara RSabha svAmI kA nAma zilAlekhoM meM AtA hai| jina ko zraddhAJjali gaI hai aura unake atirikta bAkI ke saba torthaMkaroM ko zraddhAJjaliyAM dI gaI haiM / isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki zrI RSabha svAmI se le kara anya satra tIrthaMkara samaya samaya para avatAra le cuke haiM aura una sabake liye hI kaMka lITa le ke zilAlekhoM meM zraddhAJjaliyAM arpita kI gaI haiM / nismandeha hamAre pAsa aise akATya aura vajanadAra pramANa nahIM haiM, jina ke AdhAra para cobIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA hA aitihAsika vyakti siddha kara diyA jAe, kintu jaise 2 uttarottara khoja hotI jAyegI aura itihAsa para prakAza par3atA jAya vaina 2 na kI kAlpanika bAteM satyarUpa meM mAnI jAne lageMgI / pahile to loga jaina dharma kA bauddha dharma se pRthak astitva hI nahIM mAnate the kintu atra mAnate haiM / pahile to loga bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI aura pArzvanAtha prabhu ko bhau aitihAsika vyakti nahIM mAnate the, kintu aba sabhI vidvAn mAnate haiM / bhaviSya meM jaise hI pramANa milate jAeMge, vaise hI anya tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI aitihAsika vyakti mAna liyA jAyagA / vaidika dharma ke prAcInatama grantha Rgveda ko kucha vidvAn IsA pUrva 1200 varSa mAnate the aura kucha 2500 varSa mAnate the kintu mohana jodar3o nagara kI khudAI ke bAda jo khoja huI hai usa ke AdhAra para

Page #25
- aba vidvAn loga Rgveda ko 3.000 varSa kA purAnA mAnane lage haiM / isa prakAra pramANa milane para pUrva ke vicAra radda hote rahate haiM / mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki bhaviSya ko khoja avazya hI tIrthaGkarI ke vyaktitva para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlegI ! hAM yahAM prasaMgavaza yaha dazAMnA asaMgata na hogA ki itane prAcIna Rgveda tathA anya vedoM meM yatra tatra tIrthaGkaroM ke nAma Ate haiM / seyAmmannazvAsa RSabhAm ukSaNo vazAmeSA avamaSTAsa AhutA / Rgveda 1061/14 sa nemi rAjA pariyAti vidvAn prajA puSTiM vardhayamAno'sme svAhA / yaju0 625 Rgveda aura yajurneda ke ina do mantroM meM jainiyoM ke aAdi taMGkara zrI RSabha svAmI aura 22 tIrthaGkara zrI neminAtha kA nAma pAyA hai| ima se bhI jaina dharma kI prAcInatA para bar3A prakAza par3atA hai| isa ke atirikta jaina dharma kA prAcInatama nAma "niggaMThe pavayaNe" arthAt nimrantha pravacana thA jaina zabda kA prayoga to saMvat 1000 ke lagabhaga prayoga meM Ane lgaa| isa ke pUrva jaina zabda kA prayoga bahuta hI kama hotA thaa| aura isake sthAna para "ninya pravacana" kA prayoga hotA thaa| jainAgama bhI isI satya kI puSTi karate haiN| jaise:"nayaNaM dAhAmu tumaM niytttthaa"| uttarAdhyayana a0 12 zlo. 16 __ " no ittIrNa kahaM kahittA havai se nigga the" utta0 16/2

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iso prakAra AcArAMga aura kalpa sUtrAdi AgamoM meM bhI nintha zabda jaina sAdhu sAdhviyoM ke liye hI prayoga meM AtA hai| bauddhoM ke dharma grantha " mahApari nibbANa sutta" meM niggaMTha zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI "niggaMTha' zabda AtA hai, jisa kA abhiprAya jaina sAdhuoM se hI hai / baddhoM ke piTakoM meM to spaSTa batAyA gayA hai 'niggaMTha' baddhoM ke pratidvandI the| isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki niggaMTha bauddhadharma se bahuta prAcIna kAla se cale pAte the, aura ve samaya 2 para bauddha dharma kA bar3A virodha karate rahe / isa prakAra 'niggaTha' zabda ke prayoga se bhI jaina dharma bhArata kA bahuta prAca na dharma siddha hotA hai / mahanajodar3o aura har3appA kI khudAI se jo avazeSa nikale haiM ve bhI jainadharma kI prAcInatA para bar3A prakAza DAlate haiM / har3appA se eka sIla nikalI hai jisa kA citra lAhaura ke DAkTara banArasIdAsa jaina dvArA sampAdita "jaina vidyA" nAmaka traimAsika patra ke mukhapRSTha para diyA gayA hai / har3appA ke isa avazeSa para kAyotsarga mudrA meM khar3e hue eka yogo kI mUrti hai| dhyAna rahe ki tapazcaryA kI kAyotsarga dhyAna kI prathA jaina dharma meM hI paraMparA se calI prArahI hai| yogI kI isa mUrti ke sira para sarpakaNa haiM; jina kI saMkhyA tIna dikhAI detI hai| jaina dharma ke sAtaveM tIrthakara sugavanAtha aura teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArvanAtha ke sira para bhI isI prakAra ke sarpaphaNa pAe jAte haiM / yaha mUrti pArzvanAtha kI to ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki una ko hue to karIba 2700 varSa hue haiM / khoja karane vAle vidvAnoM ne isa kAyotsarga kI mUrti vAlI har3appA kI sIla ko 5000 varSa purAnI mAnA hai| ataH yaha murti jaina dharma ke sAtaveM tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha kI hI honI cAhiye / isa prakAra

Page #27
( 8 ) sAtaveM isa khoja se kevala jainadharma ke bahuta prAcaM na hone kA hI patA nahIM calatA kintu jainiyoM ke tIrthaMkara sugazvanAtha ke vyaktitva para bhI bar3A prakAza par3atA hai / isa meM koI Azcarya nahIM ki bhaviSya meM aura kucha prAcIna avazeSa mila jAyeM, jina ke AdhAra para pArzvanAtha kI taraha sAtaveM tIrthaMkara zrI supArzvanAtha ko bhI aitihAsika vyakti mAna liyA jAya / jisa prakAra aba taka atIta kAla ke avazeSoM ne bhaviSya ke itihAsa para satya kA prakAza DAlA hai aura use ujvala banAyA hai, isI prakAra bhaviSya meM bhI hotA rahegA /

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// drAvir3a jAti meM jaina dharma | ___ kucha bhAratIya vidvAn to bhArata ko anAdikAla se prAryoM kA nivAsa sthAna mAnate haiM kintu kucha vidvAn bhASA vijJAna ke AdhAra para tathA anya kaI aitihAsika pramANoM ke AdhAra para pAryo kA bAhara se bhArata meM Agamana batAte haiM / Ajataka huI gaveSaNA se yaha spaSTa hai ki prAyoM ke bhArata meM prAgamana se pUrva yahAM drAbar3a jAti ke loga rahate the| drAvir3a jAti ke turgasa, bhRgu, gu hya zrAdi kaI bheda the / itihAsa se yaha jAti bhArata kI prAcInatama jAti siddha hotI hai / AryoM ke bhArata meM prAgamana ke pazcAt donoM jAtiyoM meM kAphI saMgharSa calatA rhaa| vaidika dharma kA ati prAcIna dharma grantha Rgveda isa ko sAkSI detA hai| udAharaNa ke liye sudAsa ke pitA divodAsa ne yadu aura turvasoM ko hraayaa| Rgveda 8, 61, 2 kucha kAla pazcAt dono jAtiyAM zAnti pUrvaka rahane lgiiN| donoM jAtiyoM meM vivAha sambandha bhI hone lage, aura donoM ne eka dUsare ke devatAoM ko bhI apanA liyA aura una kI pUjA karane lge| drAvir3a loga nAga pUjA karate the| AryalogoM ne bhI ise apnaayaa| aAjakala bhI jo nAga paMcamI kA tyohAra calA AtA hai vaha usI prAcIna prathA kA pratIka hai| drAvir3oM ne Arya jAti ke viSNu Adi devoM ko mAnanA aura pUjanA prArambha kara diyA / bhagavAn zaMkara ke gale meM soM kI mAlAeM zAyada usI drAvir3a aura aAryoM ke pArasparika

Page #29
( 10 ) saMmizraNa ko prakaTa karatI haiN| jainoM ke mAtaveM aura teIsaveM tIrthaMkaroM ke ziroM para sarpaphaNa ke cinhoM kA bhI honA kucha 2 usI prAcIna sabhyatA kI jhalaka ho sakatA hai| apane 2 dharma granthoM ke anusAra hama bhale hI ina cinhoM kA jaisA cAheM artha kara leM kintu sAtha 2 cale Ate dharmoM ke pArasparika prabhAva ko chipAyA nahIM jA makatA / drAvir3a jAti ke loga jinheM Arya apanA zatru mAnate the aura anArya kaha kara pukArate the anta meM Arya logoM ko prabhAvita karane meM saphala hue| yahAM taka ki ve hindU ho nahIM brAhmaNa bana gaye / kintu vizeSatA yaha rahI ki brAhmaNa banakara pI ve drAvir3a jAti se alaga nahIM hue / drAvir3a jAti kA gaurava sadA una ke sAmane rahatA thaa| Arya jAti ke mUlapuruSa manu ko bhI unhoM ne drAvir3a banA DAlA / bhAgavata purANa meM likhA hai: yo'sau satyabrato nAma rAjarSi vir3ezvaraH / sa vai vivasvataH putro manurAsoditi zru tam // arthAt satyavrata nAma kA rAjarSi dravir3a rAjA hI vaivasvata manu banagayA / isa zloka meM to aAyoM kI utpatti hI drAvir3oM se hone kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / jo sanathA asatya hai kintu tatkAlIna dravir3oM ke vyApaka prabhAva kA isa se spaSTa patA calatA hai| Arya jAti zAyada drAvir3a logoM ko itanA prabhASita na kara sakI jitanA drAvir3oM ne prArya bAti ko kiyA / suyogya vidvAn paNDita raghunandana zarmA jI vaidika sampatti ke pRSTha 377 para likhate haiM ki rAvaNa bhI dravir3a rAjA thA aura usa ne vedoM para bhASya likhA thaa| hiMsAmaya yaza, surApAna, mAMsabhakSaNa, vyabhicAra aura liMgapUjanAdi saba dUSita bAteM dravir3oM se hI pAryo meM praaii|

Page #30
( 11 ) zrI minabandhu jo bhArata varSa ke itihAsa bhAga 1 pRSTha 68 para likhate haiM ki: "prAcIna granthoM ke avalokana se itanA anumAna hotA hai ki yaha ana rya loga bhUta, preta, parvata aura vRkSa aAdi ko pUjate the / Arya mata se rudrakAlI, aAdi ke pUjana-vidhAna tatkAlika anAryamata kI chAyA se samajha par3ate haiN|" astu, upayukta vivarNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki dravir3a aura Arya jAti yA dharmoM meM saMgharSa ke pazcAt mela ho gayA thA aura donoM ne eka dUsare kI saMskRti ko apanA liyaa| nizcita rUpa se yaha khn| kaThina hai ki kauna sI prathA kisane kisase apanAI kyoki dharmagranthoM meM nima pATha ko vidvAnoM kA eka dala prakSipta mAnatA hai usI ko dUsarA dala maulika svIkAra karatA hai! jaina dharma ko hama bhArata meM anAdi kAla se calA pAtA dharma mAnate haiM / aba prazna yaha hai ki jaba drAvir3a aura Arya jAti meM saMgharSa cala rahA thA aura jaba anta meM donoM ne eka dUsare kI saMskRti ko apanA liyA / usa samaya jaina dharmakA bhI astitva milatA hai yA nahIM ? abhI taka mere dekhane meM to koI grantha nahIM aAyA, jisa meM usa samaya ke jaina dharmake itihAsa kA patA cala ske| hAM yatra tatra jaina aura vaidika dharma ke pranthoM meM kucha uddharaNa avazya aise pAte haiM jinameM hama tatkAlIna jaina dharma ke astitva kA patA lagA sakate haiN| jaise digambara jaina sampradAya kA "darzana sAra" nAmaka eka grantha hai / isa meM bahuta se jaina saMghoM kI sthApanA batAI gaI hai| darzanasAra meM likhA hai ki Sajra. nandI ne mathurA meM drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA kI / "zrI mUla" nAmaka mUla saMgha kI deva, nandI, siMha, sena nAma kI cAra zAkhAeM huI, aura

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( 12 ) una cAroM meM drAvir3a saMtra ko sthAna naI milA / vajranandI ne eka eka vidvAn ne to drAvir3a sthApanA kI / svatantra hI drAvir3a saMgha kI saMgha ko nandI saMtra kI hI zAkhA mAnA hai kintu mujhe usakI yuktiyAM - saMtoSa janaka pratIta nahIM hotIM / zrApa likhate haiM ki "ardhavalI ne mUla saMgha ko cAra saMvoM meM vibhakta kiyA aura drAvir3a saMgha ko usameM nahIM rakhA : yadi drAvir3a sampradAya prAcIna hotA to ina cAroM meM ayazya AtA ataH yaha bAda kI sthApanA hai / " yaha yukti koI sArapUrNa pratIta nahIM hotii| ho sakatA hai ki zrI mUna saMgha ke sAtha 2 cale Ate drAviDa saMgha meM kucha saiddhAntika mata bheda hoM, jina ke kAraNa ardhavalI ne use apane navIna cAra saMghoM meM rakhanA ucita na samajhA ho / zrataeva cAra saMghoM meM drAvir3a saMgha kA na rakhA jAnA usakI prAcInatA kA vAdhaka nahIM hai / apane kathana kI siddhi ke liye Apa likhate haiM ki "iru gulAnvaya jisa meM bar3e 2 jaina guru hue haiM aura jisa kA drAvir3a saMgha se mahA sambandha thA vaha bhI nandI saMgha kA hI bheda thA" / iru gulAnvaya ko nandI saMgha kI zAkhA mAnane meM hameM koI zrApatti nahIM, kintu dAvir3a saMgha kA iru gulAnvaya se sambandha mAtra use nandI saMgha kI zAkhA kisI sUrata meM siddha nahIM kara sakatA / 1160 IsvI ke rikArDa meM jo drAvir3a saMgha ke anuyAyI bhUtavalI, puSpadanta, aura samanta bhadra zrAdi nAma zrAe haiM unheM drAvir3a saMgha ke pracAraka aura unnati patha para lAne vAle mAnanA adhika saMgata mAlUma hotA hai / drAvir3a saMgha se sambandha rakhane vAle yA usa ke anuyAyI bhadravAhu jinakA svargArohaNa kAla vIra saMvat 170 hai unako kevala lekhaka ne unakI smRti banAe rakhane ke liye likha diyA hai| aisI

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( 13 ) upekSA karanA bhI nahIM U~catA / isa liye drAvir3a saMgha ko zrI mUna se bhI prAcIna yA usake sAtha 2 calA pAtA saMgha mAnane meM koI bAdhA mAlUma nahIM detii| isa prakAra jaina dharma meM drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA se yaha bhalo prakAra anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki drAvir3a jAti kI bhI koI aimI zAkhA avazya thI jo jaina dharmAvalambI thii| yA dUsare zabdoM meM prAcIna drAvir3a jAti meM jainadharma kA astitva bhI drAvir3a saMgha kI sthApanA meM kAraNa ho sakatA hai| jaina sAhitya ke atirikta vaidika sAhitya meM bhI kucha udAharaNa isa satya ke poSaka haiM / jainadharma ke grAdi tIrthaMkara RSabha svAmI mAne jAte haiN| bhAgavat purANa meM RSabha koM vaiSNavoM kA avatAra mAnA hai aura isa meM varNita RSama jIvana caritra jaina Adi tIrthakara me bilkula milatA julatA hai / itanI samAnatA hai ki koI sadeha nahIM raha jAtA ki ye donoM vaidika aura jaina RSabha bhinna haiM / bhAgavat meM RSabha ke sau putroM ke varNana meM yaha zloka AtA hai: kavihari rantarikSaH prabuddhaH pippalAyanaH / Avirhotro'tha draviDazcamasaH karabhAjanaH / / yahAM dravir3a zabda vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai / bhagavAn RSabha svAmI ko hama Adi tIrthaGkara mAnate haiN| una ke putra kA dravir3a nAma bhI drAvir3a jAti meM jainadharma kA astitva siddha karatA hai / yadyapi bhAgavat purANa meM ina rAjakumAroM kI bhAgavata dharma kA pracAra karane bAle batAyA hai kintu yahAM unheM jaina dRSTi se dekhA jA rahA hai / vaidika aura jaina dharma kA usa samaya pArasparika saMgharSa hone ke kAraNa eka dUsare ke siddhAntoM ko parivartita karanA svAbhAvika hai /

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( 14 ) uparyukta pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainadharma zrAyA~ ke grAgamana ke pUrva pracalita dhamoM meM se eka hai| yoM ke zrAne ke pazca t bhI isa ne una se barAbara Takkara lI aura apane ucca siddhAntoM ke balapara phira Arya dharma bhI bana gayA / samaya zrAne para kaI bAra yaha bhArata kA rAjadharma bhI bnaa| isa ke utkaTa siddhAntoM ne hI ise vaidika aura bauddha jaise paripanthiyoM meM jAvita rakhA | buddha dharma jaise vyApaka rAjadharma bhArata se lumaprAya ho gae kintu jainadharma apanA astitva banAye hue hai /

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gaaaaalGGIIAnanA zvetAmbara mata kI prAcInatA"s * etentogrst jaba kisI samAja, dharma yA sampradAya meM aneka truTiyAM tathA nyUnatAeM apanI antima sImA para pahuMca jAtI haiM to unheM sudhArane ke liye kiso sudhAraka mahApuruSa kA janma hotA hai aura vaha apane dRSTikoNa ke anukUla kisI naye dharma yA sampradAya ko janma detA hai| isa prakAra anAdikAla se pravAha rUpa saMsAra meM samaya, paristhiti tathA vAtAvaraNa ke parivatana ke kAraNa aneka dharma aura sampradAyoM kI utpatti hotI rahatI hai| kisI bhI dharma athavA sampradAya kI sthiratA usa ke siddhAntoM para nirbhara hai| yadi usa ke siddhAnta samayAnukUla haiM aura samAja ke liye upayogI hai / to usakI uttarottara vRddhi ra sthiratA nizcita hai| yadi usa ke niyama samaya viruddha haiM tathA samAja ko avanati patha para lAne vAle hai to una kA astitva zIghra miTane meM koI sandeha nahIM ho sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki sasAra meM aAjataka saiMkar3oM aise dharma yA sampradAya utpanna hue jo alpakAla keliye hI phale phUle aura uttarottara samaya viruddha hone ke kAraNa ve aise miTate gae ki Aja una kA nAma nizAna bhI nahIM rahA / jo samayA. nukUla the tathA jinakI nIMva satya aura sanmArga para rakhI huI thI ve aneka pratirodhoM kA sAmanA karate hue abataka apanA astitva banAe hue haiM aura saMsAra ko unnata patha kI aMra le jArahe haiM | jainadharma bhI unhIM mahAna dharmoM meM se eka hai / isa meM bhI yadyapi uttarottara aneka sampradAya banate jAte haiM parantu vAstava meM paraMparA se cale Ate isa ke do hI

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( 16 ) sampradAya haiM / eka zvetAmbara sampradAya aura dUsarA digambara zvetAmbara kA artha hai zveta vastra dhArI aura digambara nagna | ina donoM meM bhI prAcInatara kaunasA hai yaha viSaya vivAdAspada hai / kaI vidvAnoM ne yatra tatra isa viSaya para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / yaha lekha bhI isI viSaya para prakAza DAlane ke hetu likhA gayA hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki digambara sampradAya zvetAmbara sampradAya se prAcIna hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke vicAra se zvetAmbara sampradAya digambara sampradAya se prAcIna hai / donoM mantavya ke loga apane 2 dRSTikoNa ke anusAra yuktiyA~ dete haiN| donoM meM satya kauna hai isa viSaya para saMkSepa se prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA jAyagA ? 1 digambara aura zvetAmbara ina do zabdoM para dRSTi DAlane se to digambara hI prAcIna mAlUma hote haiM / jisa prakAra pragativAda kI dRSTi se grAmINa sabhyatA nAgarika sabhyatA se prAcIna ThaharatI hai kyoMki nAgarika sabhyatA grAmINa sabhyatA kA uttarottara vikAsa hai| ThIka isI prakAra vikAsavAda kI dRSTi se digambara nama pahile hone cAhiyeM aura zvetAmbara zveta vastra dhArI bAda meM / vastra bhUSaNAdi dhAraNa karanA ye nAgarika sabhyatA ke cinha hai | vAstavika vicAra karane se uparyukta yukti sAra garbhita pratIta nahIM hotI / udAharaNa ke liye saMskRta aura prAkRta zabdoM para dRSTi DAliye / prAkRta bhASA se svAbhAvika bhASA aura saMskRta se saMskAra kI huI bhASA ye artha pratIta hote haiM isa se yaha spaSTha jJAta hone lagatA hai ki prAkRta prAcIna bhASA hai aura saMskRta bAda kI kintu vAstava meM yaha bAta asatya hai / sAhityika dRSTise saMskRta ke vedAdi grantha bahuta prAcIna Thaharate haiM aura Ajakala upalabdha prAkRta sAhitya una se bahuta pIche kA hai| isa ke atirikta 'prakRtiH saMskRtam-tataH zrAgatam /

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( 17 ) prAkRtam ityAdi pramANika vidvAnoM kI niruktiyoM se bhI saMskRta prAcIna aura prAkRta pIche kI ThaharatI hai| ThIka isI prakAra digambara aura zvetAmbara zabdoM se digambara sampradAya kI prAcInatA kA anumAna karanA satya siddha nahIM hotA hai / ___ mere eka mitra Rgveda kA pramANa dekara digambara sampradAya ko bahuta prAcIna siddha karate haiM / una kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki unakI yukti bar3I hI prabala hai| Rgveda meM eka RcA hai jo isa prakAra hai:munayo vAtarazanAH pizaMgA vasate malA / (10/ 136/ 2) kezI ketasya vidvAnatsakhA svAdurmadintamaH / ( ./ 136/6 ) arthAt- 'aise muni jina kI vAyu hI kopona ho arthAt nagna ho aura zarIra pIlI sI dhUla meM bharA ho / kezina maiMne, sira para bar3e 2 kezoM vAlA muni / jo usa ke bhAvoM ko mamajhatA hai usa kA bar3A hI priya mitra hotA hai|' Apa kA kahanA hai ki Rgveda meM AyA huA isa prakAra kA sAdhu kA varNana jaina muniyoM kA hI varNana ho sakatA hai kyoMki jaina sAghu pahile namAvasthA meM hI rahate the| mere vicAra meM yaha kalpanA bhI koI sAra pUrNa pratIta nahIM hotii| jaina dharma ke ati rakta anya kisI dharma meM nagna sAdhu nahIM hote the isa meM koI satya nahIM hai| Rgveda vaidika sampradAya kA prAcInatama eka pramANika aura mahatvaprada grantha hai| vaidika sampradAya meM bhI nama sAdhu bar3e prAcIna kAla se cale Ate haiM aura aAjakala bhI jahAM una' kI saMkhyA sahasroM meM haiM vahAM jaina digambara sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA sAre bhAratavarSa meM kevala caudaha pandraha taka hI

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[ 18 ] sImita hai / isa ke atirikta veda mantroM meM jo kezin zabda aAyA hai / vaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ! kezin kA artha hai lambe 2 bAloM vaalaa| vAstava meM lambI 2 jaTAoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle jinheM hama Aja bhI mahatI saMkhyA meM bhArata ke kaI pradezoM meM pAte haiM vaidika sampradAya ke hI sAdhu hone cAhiye, digambara jana ke nahIM / digambara sAdhu vizAla keza dhArI nahIM pAe jAte / ataH Rgveda ke mantra se yaha nirNaya karanA ki zvetAmbara se digambara prAcIna hai sambhava nahIM ho sakatA ! vartamAna jainadharma ke liye jo " jaina " zabda pracalita haiM isa kA prayoga bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda meM prayoga meM Ane lagA hai| isa ke pUrva tIrthakara dharma' ko "niggaMThe pavayaNe" arthAt nimranya pravacana ke nAma se pukArA ja.tA thA / mahArAja azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI yatra tatra 'niggaMTha' zabda kA prayoga pAtA hai| vahAM 'niggaMTha' se abhiprAya jaina dharma se hI hai / kucha vidvAn nimrantha kA artha vastra rahita karate haiM aura usase yaha siddha karate haiM ki azoka ke samaya meM jo jainadharma pracalita thA vaha digambara jaina thA kyoMki digambara jainiyoM kI hI mUrtiyAM tathA sAdhu nama pAe jAte haiM / isa prakAra ve 'nimrantha' zabda kI vyAkhyA se digambara sampradAya ko zvetAmbara sampradAya se prAcIna siddha karane kA prayatna karate haiN| mere vicAra se 'nimrantha, zabda kA artha unhoMne ThIka nahIM smjhaa| 'nigrantha' zabda meM "adhi" zabda kA artha vAstava meM rAga dveSAdi ba-dhana karanA ho ucita jAna par3atA hai| prAtmA ko bandhana meM DAlane vAle vAstava meM rAga dveSa hI hai na ki bAyopakaraNa rUpa vastrAdi / vastrAdi bAla parigraha ko dhAraNa karane vAle zarIra meM sthita zrAtmA yadi rAgadveSa prAdi se mukta ho jAya to use pranthi rahita samajhanA cAhiye / prAdhyAtmika mukti ke liye jJAna kI prAvazyakatA hai jisa ke dvArA rAgadveSAdi

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zatruoM kA nAza hotA hai / vastrAdi bAhyopakaraNa aAtma dharma meM kisI prakAra kI bhI bAdhA nahIM DAla skte| kyA vastrAdi . bAhyopakaraNoM se dUra rahane mAtra se AtmA kabhI rAgAdi deSoM se mukti pA sakatA haiM ? aAjakala bhI hamAre sAmane aise aneka udAhaNa haiM jahAM vastrAdi bAhyopakaraNoM ke sadbhAva meM bhI pavitrAtmAeM chipI milatI haiM / aura isa ke viparIta bAhyopakaraNoM se hIna zarIroM meM rAgadveSAdi se malina zrAtmAeM vartamAna haiM / ataH aAtma dharma meM bAdhaka jJAna kA abhAva ho sakatA hai vastrAdi kA sadabhAva yA abhAva usa ke liye apekSita nahIM / kitane Azcarya kI bAta hai ki aAja vikAsavAda ke yuga meM bhI kitane hI samajhadAra puruSa ina bAtoM ko itanA mahatva dete haiM / astu, bhere vicAra se 'nirgrantha zabda kA artha rAgadveSAdi bandhana mukta karanA ho saMgata hai| isa prakAra 'nirgrantha' zabda ke AdhAra para digambara sampradAya kI prAcInatA siddha nahIM ho paatii| . devasenAcArya kRta darzanasAra nAma kA eka grantha hai / isa grantha meM eka zloka aAtA hai jisa ke aAdhAra para , kucha vidvAnoM ne dagambara mata ko zvetAmbara mata se prAcIna siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / isa grantha kA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 606 hai| vaha zloka isa prakAra hai :chatIsa parisasae vikama rAyassa maraNapattassa / sAraha valahIra upparaNoM sevar3o saMgho // zloka 51 / arthAt vikrama ko mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt saurASTra deza ka vallabhI pura meM zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti huii| isa se yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki vikrama kI dUmarI sadI meM hI zvetAmbara jaina sampradAya kI utpatti huI aura usa

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(20) se pUrNa digambara saMpradAya hI paraparA se calA AtA thaa| mere vicAra se upayukta darzanasAra kA udAharaNa ke I mahatva nahIM rakhatA kyoMki isa prakAra kA eka udAharaNa zvetAMbara granthoM meM bhI prAtA hai| vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai:chabbAsa sa. ssehiM navuttarehiM siddhigayassa vIrassa / to voDiyAra diTThI rahavIra pure smupnaa| arthAt- vIra bhagavAn ke mukta hone ke 6.6 varSa pazcAt voTTiko arthAt digambaroM kA pravartaka rathavI pura meM paidA huaaa| isa ke atirikta darzanasAra ke udAharaNa ke AdhAra para yadi zvetAmbara sampradAya kI utpatti vikrama kI mRtyu ke 136 varSa pazcAt mAna lI jAe to eka bar3I ar3acana sAmane AtI hai| mahArAja azoka ke pazcAt kaliGgAdhipati khArvela banA / vaha jaina samrATa tha / udayagiri aura khaNDagiri sthita hastigurA nAmaka guphA se jo khAvela kA zilAlekha milA hai uma kA suyogya vidvAn zrI ke0 pI0 jayasavAla ne vivarNa diyA hai| isa lekha kA samaya IsvIsan se 170 varSa pUrva nizcit kiyA hai| mamrATa khAvela kisa prakAra jaina sAdhuoM ko aneka prakAra ke kauzeya aura zvetavastra bAMTA karate the isakA isa zilAlekha meM bar3A sundara varNana milatA hai| yadi zvetAmbaroM kI utpatti vikrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM huI hotI to khArvela kA IsA pUrNa 170 meM jaina sAdhuoM ko zvet tathA paha vastra bAMTanA kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki darzanasAra kI gAthA digambara mata kI prAcInatA ko siddha nahIM krtii| saMsAra meM jitane bhI uccakoTi ke dharma hai prAyaH saba adhyAtmika dRSTi se puruSa aura strI ko mamAna adhIkArI samajhate hai / saba dharmoM ke

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( 21 ) prAcIna pramANika granthoM meM puruSa aura strI donoM ko jJAna ke samAna adhikArI mAnA hai| gata vizva yuddha se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki mahila eM jIvana kSetra ke kisI bhI vibhAga meM puruSoM se nyUna nahIM rahI haiM / sAhitya, vijJAna aura rAjanIti Adi kSetroM meM striyoM ne ai| pravINatA dikhAI hai jise kisI bhI aMza meM puruSoM se kama nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi hamAre deza meM strI jAti ko abalA bAti athavA nirbala jAti ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai kintu saMsAra ke itihAsa meM strI jAti ke aise vIratA ke kAranAmeM milate haiM jina ke sAmane puruSa ko bhI sira jhukAnA par3atA hai| bhArata ke ati prAcIna dharma granthoM se bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki strI ke puruSa ke samAna hI adhikAra the| yahAM taka ki yajJa meM bhI patnI ke binA pati dIkSita na ho sakatA thaa| rAma ne azvamegha yajJa kiyA to sItA ke abhAva meM usa ko svarNamayI mUrti banA kara rakhanI pdd'ii| gArgI kI vidvattA se vidvAna bhalI bhAnti paricita haiM / isa prakAra vaidika dharma granthA meM strI kA sthAna karmakANDa tathA jJAnAdi kSetroM meM samAna hai| prAcIna upalabdha zilAlekhoM tAr3a patra likhita granthoM aura sikkoM Adi ke zrAdhAra para bo gaveSaNA huI hai usa se yaha spaSTa hai ki vaidika dharma aneka sadiyoM se bhArata kA vyApaka dharma rahA hai / itane mahAn aura vyApaka dharma ke sAtha 2 calanA aura apanA saMgharSamaya jIvana bitAnA eka aise ho dharma ke liye sambhava ho sakatA hai jisa ke siddhAnta yA to apane pratidvandI ke mukAbale ke hoM yA kisI dRSTi meM usa se bhI utkRSTatA rakhate hoM / mere vicAra meM yadi jaina dharma prAcIna kAla meM strI ko jJAnakSetra meM puruSa ke samAna adhikAriNI na mAnatA to vaidika vidvAn usakI aisI khillI ur3Ate aura usakA aisA khaNDana karate ki zrAja usakA astitva bhI zAyada kaThinatA se raha paataa|

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( 22 ) samaya parivartana ke sAtha 2 saMsAra kI paristhiti sadA badalatI rahatI hai| jo jAti, dharma vA sampradAya apane ko samaya ke anukUla banA letA hai vahI apanA astitva banAye rakha sakatA hai / jisa meM samayAnukUla parivartita hone kI zakti nahIM hai usakA miTa jAnA svAbhAvika hai / kintu kitane Azcarya kI bAta hai ki zrAba ke vaijJAnika aura vikAsavAda ke yuga meM bhI kitane paThita vyakti bhI purAnI andhaparamparA ke roga se mukta nahIM ho pAe haiM / astu, mere kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki anya dharmoM kI taraha jaina dharma meM bhI strI ko puruSa ke samAna hI jJAna kI adhikAriNI mAnA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya kI aneka sAdhvayeM isakA pratyakSa pramANa haiM / jaina dharma ke siddhAnta bar3e vizAla aura mahatvapUrNa hai| jaina dharma manuSya mAtra ko cAhe vaha kisI bhI dharma kA anuyAyI ho maMtra kA adhikArI mAnatA hai / jaina dharma ko vizAlatA dekhane ke liye zrI hemacandrAcArya kA adholikhita loka dhyAna dene yogya hai / batra zrAcArya jI vaidika mata ke devatA bhagavAn somanAtha ke mandira ke tAnane zrAe to unhoM ne kahA - namastasmai // bhatra bojAMkura jananAH rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNu haro jino vA arthAt saMsAra meM utpatti ke mUla kAraNa rAgAdi jisake naSTa ho gae hai aisA devatA cAhe usakA nAma brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho yA jina ho usako maiM namaskAra karatA hUM / itanI vizAlatA rakhane vAlA jaina dharma strI ko mukti kI adhikAriNI na mAnatA yaha saMbhava nahIM / ataH uparyukta vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki strI ko mukti kI adhikAriNo na mAnane vAlA digambara mata bAda kA hai aura zvetAmbara jaina usa se prAcIna hai /

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( 23 ) zvetAmbara sampradAya ke granthoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki vIra nirvANa saMvat 680 vikrama saMvat 510 ) ke Asa pAsa jaina saMgha vallabhIpura meM devardhi gaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM ekatrita huaa| aba taka jo zAstra ya jJAna prAcIna paramparA se bikharA par3A thA usa kA kaI kAraNoM se lopa honA bhI prArambha ho gayA thA / usa kA vistAra rUpa se phainAva sarvathA saMbhava na thA / ataH saMgha kA dhyAna isa ora gayA ki zrAgama aura anya sAhitya ko ekatra grathita karanA paramAvazyaka hai / ainA karane se yaha jJAna bhaviSya ke liye sucAru rUpa se surakSita bhI raha sakatA thA aura isa kA sArvatrika pracAra bhI pUrNa rUpa se ho sakatA thA / ataH satra kI anumati se bikhare hue zrAgama tathA anya sAhityika jJAna ko ekatra grathita kiyA gayA ! dig mbara sampradAya kA sAhitya isa sAhityake bahuta pazcAt likhA gayA hai / habata naM.ce likhe udAharaNa se spaSTa hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya ke mantavya ke anusAra jainadharma ke caubIsaveM tIrthakara pahile devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha se Ae pazcAt indra kI AjJA se harinegamesA devatA ne unheM kSatrANI trizalA ke garbha meM rakhA / yaha varNana kaI zvetAmbara granthoM meM AtA hai isakA vistAra pUrvaka varNana par3hanA ho ta! pAThaka kalpasUtra meM par3ha sakate haiM / digaMbara saMpradAya ke granthoM meM isa prakAra kI ghaTanA kA kahIM ullekha nahIM aura na hI digaMbara loga isa bAta ko mAnate hI haiM | zvetAMbaroM ke mata kI pramANikatA ke liye mathu ke kaMkAlI TIle se eka zilA milI hai jisa para bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke garbha haraNa kA bar3A suMdara citra khudA huA hai / lipi tatva ke dhuraMdhara vidvAnoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki yaha zilA lekha IsvI san se eka zatAbdI pahale kA khudA huA hai / isa udAharaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zvetAMbara sAhitya ko prAcInatA bhI zvetAMbara sampradAya kI prAcInatA para bar3A 2

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( 24 ) - prakAza DAlatI hai| upayukta udAharaNa se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki vikrama saMvata 510 ke lagabhaga vallabhI pura meM jima jJAna ko grathita kiyA gayA thA vaha prAcIna paraMparA se calA AtA jJAna hai| ataH sAhityika dRSTi se bhI zvetAMbara sampradAya digaMbara saMpradAya se prAcIna hI siddha hotA hai / isa prakAra digavara zabda ke artha se Rgveda kI RcA se, nigrantha zabda kI paribhASA se, darzana sAra ke uddharaNa se aura sAhityaka dRSTi se to zvetAMbara sampradAya se digaMbara saMpradAya prAcIna nahIM ThaharatA / zvetA~bara hI digaMbara se prAcIna siddha hotA hai| hAM, bhaviSya meM hone vAlI naI gaveSaNAtroM se yadi digaMbaroM kI prAcInatA ko pramANita karane vAle aura nae kucha pramANa mila jAeM to dUsarI bAta hai| yaha lekha kevala gaveSaNAtsaka dRSTi se likhA hai, sAMpradAyika dRSTi se nahIM / yadi aba bhI aise akATaya pramANa mila sake jinase digaMbara zvetAMbaroM se adhika prAcIna siddha hote ho to bhI mere liye kama prasannatA kI bAta nhiiN|

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ya... -, , PROSXXXCIRCH jaina dharma aura rAjanIti komcxc:MAASEc vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ye tInoM dharma bahuta prAcIna kAla se sAtha 2 cale Ate haiN| yoM to tInadhirmoM ke prAcAryoM ne 'ahiMsAparamodharmaH' arthAt ahiMsA hI mAnava kA mahAn dharma hai isa siddhAnta ko apane 2 dRSTikoNa se ucita sthAna diyA hai kintu jaina dharma meM ahiMsA kA siddhAnta apanI carama sImA taka pahuMca cukA hai| ahiMsA kA atirUpa cAhe zrAbakala ke samaya ke anukUla ho cAhe pratikUla usa se yahAM koI matalaba nahIM hai / maiM yaha bAta avazya dAve ke sAtha kaha sakatA hUM ki ahiMsA kA vAstavika, tAtvika yA zuddha svarUpa dekhanA ho t| jaina dharma meM hI mila sakatA hai / jainadharma meM hiMsA do prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai, dravya hiMsA aura bhAva hiMsA / dravyahiMsA kA sAmAnya artha hai kisI jIva ko prANoM se vimukta karanA yA dUsare zabdoM meM use maarnaa| bhAvahiMsA vaha hotI hai jisa meM vicAra se kisI jIva kA aniSTa kiyA jAtA hai| dravyahiMsA kA niSedha to anya dharmoM ke dharmagranthoM meM bhI apane 2 dRSTikoNa se ucita rUpa se hI kiyA gayA hai kintu bhAva hiMsA ko jitanA mahatvaprada sthAna jaina dharma granthoM meM diyA hai utanA anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| jaina zAstroM meM bhAvahiMsA kA sUkSmasvarUpa nIce diye udAharaNa se pAThakoM ko spaSTa ho jaaegaa| vikram ko 11 vIM zatAbdI meM gurjara prAnta ke pAna nagarameM rAjA kumAra pAla rAjya karatA thaa| pahile vaha kula paraMparAgata vaiSNava dharma

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( 26 ) kA anuyAyI thA aura bAda meM usa ne tatkAlIna prasiddha jaina vidvAn zrI hemacandrAcArya ke prabhAva meM Akara jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyA / jainAcarya ne rAjA kumArapAla ko jainadharma kI bhanI bhAMti zikSA da aura usa se mAMsAhAra kA tyAga karavAyA / vaha jainadharma ke siddhAntoM se itanA prabhAvita ho gayA thA ki vaha vAstava meM apanA jIvana una ke anukUla hI banAne laga gayA thaa| eka dina vaha bar3A udAsa mana hokara gurudeva ke caraNoM meM pAyA aura prAyazcita kI prArthanA karane lgaa| gurudeva ne pUchAH- prAyazcita kauna se aparAdha ke liye karanA cAhate ho 1 rAjA kumAra pAla ne kahA ki zrAba maiMne apane AhAra meM DhiMgarI yA khumboM kI sabjI khAI / usa DhiMgarI kI sabjI ko dAMtoM se calA rahA thA to mujhe pUrvaanubhUta mAMsa kA sA svAda Ane lagA aura merI ruci parityakta mAMsa kI ora gaI / ataH yaha mAnasika yA bhAvahiMsA thii| aura maiM usa ke nivAraNa ke liye prAyazcita karanA cAhatA huuN| prAcArya ne kahA:- hAM isa prakAra kI bhAvamayI yA mAnasika hiMsA ke liye avazya prAyazcita karanA hogaa| aura isa kA prAyazcita yaho hai ki tuma eka patthara kA Tukar3A lekara svayaM apane hAtha se apane dAMtoM ko tor3a ddaalo| zrAjJA pAte hI kumArapAla ne jhara dAtoM ko tor3ane ke liye patthara uThAyA kintu vaha prahAra karane ko ho yA ki gurudeva jI ne jhara usakA hAtha pakar3a liyA aura kahA:- prAyazcita ho mayA hai / tuma ne vAstavika hiMsA yA dranya rUpa hiMsA nahIM kI kintu bhAva rUpa meM kI thii| aba tuma ne apane dAMto ko tor3ane kA hada nizraya kara liyA hai ataeva isa bhAvamayI ahiMsA se usa bhAvahiMsA kA nivAraNa ho gayA hai| uparyukta udAharaNa se pAThakoM ko bhalI bhAnti spaSTa ho gayA hogA jaika jainadharma meM ahiMsA kitanI carama sImA taka pahuMcI huI hai|

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( 27 ) dravya hiMsA ke to aneka sundara udAharaNa Apa ko vaidika aura bauddha dharma granthoM meM bhI mila jAyage kintu bhAva hiMsA ke isa prakAra ke udAharaNa anyatra kama hI dekhane meM Ate hai| jaina dharma mana, bANI, aura karma ina tAnoM se hiMsA ke parityAga kI zikSA detA hai| jaina dharma meM "ahiMsA paramo dharmaH" ke siddhAnta ko atirUpa meM dekhakara kaI logoM ke mana meM ye zaMkAeM uThA karatI hai ki yadi jainiyoM ke hAtha meM kisI deza kA rAjya sauMpa diyA jAe to nissaMdeha vahA~ arAjakatA ke sivAya aura kyA ho sakatA hai| jo loga kIr3I ko mAranA Apa samajhate haiM ve daDa pradhAna rAjya ko kaise calA sakate haiN| jainI rAjA kisI prakAra kI bhoM hiMsA karane ke liye taiyAra na hogA aura rAjya kA calAnA hiMsA ke binA sarvathA asaMbhava hai| prajA meM cora, luTere; dhUrta, aura AtatAhayoM kA kucha saMkhyA meM honA svabhASika hai aura una ko dabAne keliye hiMsA kA prAzraya bho anivArya hai / isa ke atirikta koI balavattara videzI rAjA yadi car3hAI kara de to vaha sahaja hI meM jaina rAjA ko apanA gulAma banA sakatA hai aura sAtha 2 usa kI prajA ko bhii| bainI rAjA kabhI bhI hiMsA ke bhaya se zatru se yuddha karanA pasaMda na karegA / hiMsA se vaha paratantratA ko acchI samajhegA isa liye jainadharma kAyaroM kA dharma hai| bhArata varSa meM isa dharma ke anuyAyI bhI prAyaH baniye yA vaizya hai / vaizya jAti kabhI bhI vIratA ke liye prasiddha nahIM rahI ulTA kAyaratA kA koI dRSTAnta denA ho to z2arUra loga vaizya jAti se dete hai| . isa prakAra ke vicAra rakhane vAle sanjano ke liye sarva prathama maiM yaha batAnA cAhatA hUM ki baina dharma ananta paraMparA se vAstava meM kSatriyoM kA hI dharma rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma meM kSatriya

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( 28 ) mAnA hai| jaina dharma ke ta rthaGkara bhI kSatriya / jaise 2 jaina dharmAvalambiyoM para hiMsA anya kRSi Adi karmoM ko 1 barNa ko hI saba se bar3A varNa varNa meM hI vatRta hote rahe haiM ke siddhAnta kA gaharA prabhAva par3atA gayA ve chor3a kara vANijya kI ora jhukate gae kyoMki bANijya meM anya vyavasAyoM kI apekSA hiMsA kama hotI hai / vANijya ke prabhAva se ve bar3I saMkhyA meM pU MjIpati banate gae pUMjI ke prabhAva se unameM vilAsa priyatA bhI zrA gaI aura vilAsa priyatA ke Ane se jaisA akasara lakSmI kA prabhAva hotA hai unase voratA ke bhAva bhI naSTa hone laga gae / isa prakAra kaI sadiyoM ke nirantara vANijya vyavasAya ke prabhAva ke pariNAma svarUpa Aja ve zuddha vaizyoM ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane vartamAna hai / ataH Aja kI jaina samAja meM yadi vIratA ke aMza kI kamI hai tA usake liye jaina dharma ko yA jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ko doSa yukta nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA / mahAtmA buddha kA yadi koI anuyAyA hiMsaka ho to isase mahAtmA buddha ko yA buddha dharma ko doSI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA / merA to yaha vizvAsa hai ki pratyeka dharma kA saMsthApaka yA sudhAraka ucca koTi ke siddhAntoM ko hI apane anuyAyi ke sAmane rakhatA hai / kintu deza kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa yadi una siddhAntoM meM parivartana A jAtA hai yA usa dhama ke anuyAyA una siddhAntoM meM apane dRSTikoNa ke anusAra parivartana kara lete haiM to isameM kisI saMsthApaka yA sudhAraka kA doSa nahIM hotA / rAjya kI, arAjakatA kI aura isa prakAra kI bAteM vahI loga kara sarvathA zranabhijJa haiM / jaina zAstroM kahAniyeM aura jIvaniyeM minatI aba rahI bAta jaina rAjA ke usakI zatru dvArA sahaja dAsatA kii| sakate haiM jo jaina zAstroM ke mantavya se meM aneka cakravartI jaina rAjAo kI haiM / jaina rAjA hiMsA ko ucita sthAna dete hue Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat bhI sucAru rUpa se www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 26 ) ra.jya kA prabandha calAte ye aura pUrNa zakti se zatru kA sAmanA karake deza kI rakSA karate the| yahAM jaina zAstroM meM pAe cakravatI jaina rAjAzra ke jIvana se kaI udAharaNa likhe jA sakate hai kintu aAdhunika vicAra ke vidvAn unheM paugaNika kathAeM kaha kara abahelanA kara deMge / ataH aitihAsika tathA sAhityika dRSTi se jisakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakata aisA udAharaNa dekara hI pAThakoM ko jaina dharma meM rAja sattA kA digdarzana karAne kA prayatna kiyA jaaygaa| jisa prakAra vaidika aura bauddha dharma meM rAjanIti para aneka grantha upalabdha hote haiM isI prakAra jaina dharma bhI jaba unnati ke zikhara para thA taba isake vidvAnoM ne bhI rAjanIti viSaya para grantha likhe the| jaise 2 jaina rAjasatA uThato gaI jaina rAjanaitika sAhitya kA mahatva bhI kama hotA gayA aura vaha dina prati dina lupta hotA rahA / vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI taka kevala "ahanIti zAstra" ke udAharaNa yatra tatra bikhare milate the / abhI taka yaha patA nahIM cala sakA ki jaina rAjanIti para likhe isa grantha kA kartA kauna thA / isa zAstra kA patA bhI hameM hemacandrAcArya kRta "laghvahanIti" nAmaka granya se lagatA hai | kumArapAla rAjA ne apane guru zrI hemacandrAcArya se yaha prArthanA kI ki ve jaina rAjanIti para choTA sA anya taiyAra kreN| isa para hemacandrAcArya ne "laghvahanIti" nAmaka grantha kI racanA ko / isa prantha ke maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda likhA hai:kumArapAlazmApAlAgraheNa pUrva- nirmitAt / ahaMnnItyabhidhAcchAstrAt sAramudadhRtya kiMcana // 1/6 bhUpa prajA hitArtha hi zIghasmRti vidhAyakam / ladhahanIti sacchAstraM sukhabAdhaM karAmyaham // 17.

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[ 30 / arthAt- rAjA kumArapAla ke aAgraha se prAcIna kAla se cale Ate aInIti nAmaka zAstra se kucha sAra lekara rAjA aura prajA donoM ke hita ke liye zIghra smaNa hone yogya ladhvahanIti nAma ke zAstra kI racanA karatA huuN| uparyukta udAharaNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainarAjanIti para zAstra prAcIna kAla se calA AtA thA kintu vaha uttarottara lupta hotA gyaa| aba to vaha bilkula lupta ho cukA hai| isa ke kevala kucha uddharaNa yatra tatra laghvahanIti meM vikhare milate haiM / jaise:iti saMkSepataH proktaH RNadAna kramo hyym| vistAro bR dahanIti zAstra varNito bhRzam // RNadAna prakaraNa pR. 66. eva deya vidhiH proktaH sabhedo vistareNa vai / mahAhanIti zAstrAca jJeyasta dabhilASibhiH // deya vidhi prakaraNa pR0 106. ladhvanIti meM jaina rAjanIti ke viSaya saMkSepa se varNana kiye hue haiM / jahAM vistAra kI bAta AtI hai vaha likha diyA gayA hai ki yadi vistAra se dekhanA ho to vRhadahanIti zAstra se dekha sakate haiN| laghvahanIti meM likhA hai ki jaina dharma ke zrAdi tIrthakara bhI RSabha svAmI ke pUrva bhI nIti zAstra kA prabhAva na thA kintu kalayuga ke prabhAva ke kAraNa vaha lupta prAyaH ho gayA thA / nIti zAstra ke lupta hone para sAmAjika zithilatA bar3hane lagI aura loga bar3e dukhI ho ge| logoM ke kalyANa ke liye RSabha svAmI ne nIti zAstra ko puna: ujjIvita kiyA isa kAraNa RSabha deva ko nIti zAstra kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai| laghvahanIti meM likhA hai ki logoM ko sAmAjika maryAdA meM bAMdhane ke liye aSabha deva ne kucha maryAdAeM sthApita kii|

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[ 31 ] jase: - ( 1 ) varNAzrama vibhAga / (2) saMskAra vidhi / (3) kRSi vANijya zilpa vidhi | ( 4 ) vyabahAra vidhi / (5) rAjanIti mArga / (6) purapaTTana vidhi / (7) vidyA / (8) kriyA laukika tathA pAralaukika / Adi purANa ke tIsare parva meM zrI jina sena ne bhI zrI RSabha deva ko hI nIti zAstra kA pravartaka likhA hai / zrAdirAja RSabha deva ne karma ko chaH bhAgoM meM bAMTA / (1) yuddha / (2) kRSi / (3) sAhitya | (4) zilpa ( 5 ) vANijva / (6) vyavasAya / grAma aura nagara kI paddhati bhI unhoM ne calAI / daNDazAlA aura bandizAlA kA prArambha bhI unhoMne hI kiyA / manuSyoM meM varNa vyavasthA kI maryAdA bhI unhoMne claaii| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jainiyoM kI svatantra rAjanaitika maryAdA unake Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha deva se hI calI AtI rahI kintu jaba jaina rAjasattA samApta ho gaI to jaina rAjanIti zAstra bhI uttarottara lupta hotA gayA aura anta meM sthiti yahAM taka pahu~cI ki ve vaidika nIti se hI zAsita hone lage / yadi jaina rAjanIti aura vaidika rAjanIti meM tulanA kI jAya to bahuta sI bAtoM meM sarvathA samAnatA pAI jAtI hai aura bahuta sI sarvathA eka dUsare se bhinna haiM / udAharaNa ke liye samAnatA dekhiye:anityo vijayo yasmAdRzyate yuddhayamAnayoH / parAjayazca saprAme tasmAddha vivarjayet // manu0 0 7 zlo0 166. arthAtH - yuddha karane se pUrva yadi kisI rAjA ko vijaya meM sandeha ho aura parAjaya nizcita ho to aisI sthiti meM yuddha kA parityAga karanA cAhiye / hemacandrAcArya kA bhI ThIka aisA ho mantavya hai jaise:

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[ 32 ] saMdigdho vijayo yuddhe'saMdigdhaH puruSakSayaH / satsvanyeSvityupAyeSu bhUpo yuddhaM vivarjayet // laghva0 pR0 27 lo0 20. arthAtH -- yadi yuddha meM vijaya hone kA sandeha ho aura jana saMhAra spaSTa dikhAI detA ho to dUsare upAyoM ko kAma meM lekara yuddha kA parityAga zreyaskara hai| " puruSakSayaH " se pAThaka bhalIbhAnti samajha sakate haiM ki hemacandrAcArya ne rAjanIti meM bhI ahiMsA ko kitanA U~cA sthAna diyA hai / kUTa yuddha ke liye vaidika rAjanIti kI taraha jaina rAjanIti bhI viruddha hai / jaise: na kUTairAyudhaihanyAt yudhyamAno raNe ripUn / na karNibhirnApi digdhairnAgnijvalita tejanaiH // manu0 a0 7 zlo0 60 / arthAtH saMgrAma meM kUTa zastroM se, jalate hue agni karNikA ke sadRza phala bAle, viSa se, bujhe hue tathA jalate hue agnibANoM se zatru ko kabhI na mAre / - dhvanI meM isI prakAra kA eka zloka hai:nAtirUttai viSAktairna naiva kUTAyudhaistathA / dRSanmRdAdibhirnaiva yudhyet nAgnitA, pataiH // = I pR00 iSa reloM0 56 / arthAtH - zrata rUkhe, viSa se bujhe hue zrI agni meM tapIe hue zrAdi kUTa zastroM se yuddha na kare ! > 127 lavaI nIti meM daMDa dene ke liye dasa sthAna batAe (1) udara / (2) upastha / (3) jilhA / (4) hA / (5) kAna (6) dhana / (7) deha / (8) pAda / (6) nAsA / (10) cakSu / inameM se

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[ 33 ] eka to azArIrika daMDa hai jaise dhana aura anya nau zArIrika daNDa haiN| vahAM likhA hai ki daMDa dete samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki jisa aMga ke dvArA aparAdha kiyA gayA ho usI kA nigraha karanA zrAvazyaka hai dUsare kA nhiiN| ThIka isI prakAra kA mantabya manu jI kA bhI hai| jaise: yena yena yathAMgena steno nRSu viceSTate / tattadeva harettasya pratyAdezAya pArthivaH / / ___ manu0 a08 zlo0 338. caura dUsare kI vastu jisa 2 aMga se curAve rAjA usa ke usa aMga ko kaTavA DAle jisa se ki phira kabhI corI na kara sake / ___ yahAM para likhanA aprAsaMgika na hogA ki jaina dharma granya sthAnAGga sUtra meM daNDa nIti ke sAta prakAra batAe haiM (1) hakkAre / (2) makkAre / (3) dhikkAre / (4) paribhAse / (5) maNDalIbandhe / (6) kArAgAre / (7) chvicchede| chaviccheda vA aMgaccheda eka hI bAta hai| ataH aMgaccheda daNDanIti kA sAtavAM prakAra hai| ThIka sthAnAGga ke samAna hI laghvahannIti bhI sAta prakAra ke daNDoM kA varNana karatI hai| jaise:- (1) hAkAra, (2) mAkAra, (3) dhikkAra, (4) paribhASaNa, (5) maNDalabandha, (6) kArAkSepaNa, (7) aGga khaNDana / isI prakAra varNavyavasthA kI sthApanA meM bhI vaidika aura baina dharma samAna haiM / Rgveda kI RcA ke anusAra:'brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIt , bAhu rAjanyaH kRtaH / ' urU tadasya yadvazyaH padbhyAM zUdro'jAyat / /

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[ 34 ] brahmA ne mukha se brAhmaNa kI, bhujAtroM se kSatriya kI, urU se vaizya kI aura pairoM se zUdra kI utpatti kii| jaina mantavya bhI isa ke sAtha prAyaH milatA julatA hI hai| jaina dharma ke Adi purANa ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne hAtha meM talavAra pakar3a kara kSatriyakI, urU se calane kA saMketa karake vaizya kI aura caraNoM se zUdra kI utpatti kI / brAhmaNoM kI utpatti bAda meM RSabha svAmI ke putra bharata ne zAstra par3hAte hue mukha se kii| jaina dharma meM varNavyavasthA prArambha se karma se mAnI jAtI hai kintu vaidika dharma meM vizeSa jora janma se varNa vyavasthA mAnane para diyA hai / yadyapi vaidika dharma granthoM meM aise bhI aneka pramANa hamAre sAmane haiM jina se varNa vyavasthA karma se siddha hotI hai kintu vyApaka rUpa se janma se hI varNavyavasthA pracalita rahI hai| mere vicAra meM jaina zAstroM meM pratipAdita karma varNa vyavasthA kA parityAga kara zrAja kI jaina samAja jo vyApaka rUpa meM janmagata varNa vyavasthA ko mAnane lagI hai yaha jainiyoM para vaiSNavadharma kA hI prabhAva hai| isI prakAra zatru para car3hAI karane ke samaya ke viSaya meM bhI prAyaH donoM eka mata hI haiM / jaise:mArgazIrSe zubhe mAsi yAyAdyAtrAM mahIpatiH / phAlgunaM vA'tha caitraM vA mAsau prati yathA balam / / manu0 a0 7 zlo0 182. arthAt pavitra agahana ke mAsa meM rAjA yuddha kI yAtrA kare athavA jaisI agnI sAmarthya ho usa ke anusAra 'phAlguNa athavA caitra ke mahIne meM zatru ke rAjya para AkramaNa kare /

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( 35 ) anyeSvapi tu kAleSu yadA pazyed dhruvaM jayam / tadA yAyAdvigRhya va vyasane cotthite ripoH // manu0 a0 7 zloka 183 arthAt:- rAjA jaba apanI jIta nizcaya jAne tathA jaba dekhe ki zatru isa samaya vipatti meM phaMsA hai taba vaha anya kisI mahIne meM yuddha ke lie yAtrA kre| aba pAThaka z2arA jaina rAjanIti kI ora dhyAna deM:sumuhUrte suzakune mArgAdau mAsa saptake / yuddhaM kurvIta rAjendro vIkSya kAla balAbalam // laghva0 pR0 26 zloka 33 arthAt:- acche muhUrta meM acche zakuna hone para mArgazIrSAdi pATha mahInoM meM acchA samaya dekha kara yuddha ke liye prayANa karanA cAhiye / yahAM para bhI zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada, pAzvina aura kArtika ina cAra 'mahInoM meM yuddha yAtrA kA niSedha kara ke ahiMsA dharma kI ora kitanA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra jaina rAjanIti dharma yuddha ke pakSa meM hote hue bhI yaha kahatI hai kiHzatrAvanyAya niSTatu kartavyaM yathocitam / laghva0 pR0 36 zloka 6. arthAt zatru yadi anyAya para tulA ho taba to usa ke sAtha yuddha avazya karanA caahiye| isI prakAra duSToM ko daMDa dene ke liye aura sAdhutroM ke pAlana ke liye bhI vaidika aura baina mantabya eka hI hai / jaise:

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( 36 ) nigraheNa tu pApAnAM sAdhUnAM saMgraheNa ca / dvijAtaya ivejyAbhiH pUjyante satataM nRpAH / / manu0 a08 zloka 311 arthAt:- jima prakAra dvija yajJoM dvArA pavitra hote haiM usI prakAra rAjA loga pApiyoM ko daMDa dene tathA sAdhuoM kI rakSA karane se pavitra huzrA karate haiN| isa se milate julate laghvahanIti ke udAharaNa para pAThaka jarA dRSTi DAleM:ziSTAnAM pAlanaM kurvan duSTAnAM nigrahaM punaH / pUjyate bhuvane sarvaiH surAsura nRyonibhiH // __ lava. pR0 221 zloka 6. arthAt:- sajjanoM kA pAlana karane aura duSToM kA nigraha karane vAle rAjA loga saMsAra meM deva, rAkSasa aura manuSya saba ke dvArA pUje jAte haiN| bAla, aAtura aura vRddha ye tInoM manu aura hemacandrAcArya donoM kI dRSTi meM kSantavya haiMkSantavyaM prabhuNA nityaM kSipatAM kAryiNAM nRNAm / bAlavRddhAturANAMva kurvatA hitamAtmanaH // manu0 a0 8. zloka 312. apanA kalyANa cAhane vAle rAjA tathA kAryArthI, bAlaka, vRddha tathA rogI ina ke dvArA hone vAlI nindA ko kSamA karatA rahe / bAlAturAtivRddhAnAM kSantavyaM kaThinaM vacaH // . laghva0 pR0 221. zloka 6. arthAt:- bAlaka rogI aura ativRddhoM ke kaThina vacana ko bhI kSamA kara denA caahiye|

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( 37 ) uparyukta kucha udAharaNoM se pAThakoM ko bhalIbhA~ti patA cala gayA hogA ki bahuta sI bAtoM meM vaidika aura jaina donoM kA rAjanIti ke niyamoM meM eka hI mata hai| anya bhI bahuta se viSayoM para donoM matoM meM samAnatA hai, kintu yahAM to vistAra bhaya se thor3e se udAharaNa diye gae haiN| aba kucha eka aise udAharaNa diye jAte haiM jinase pAThakoM ko patA calegA ki bahuta se viSayoM para jaina aura vaidika mata meM vicAra bhinnatA hai| una udAharaNoM se pAThakoM ko yaha bhI patA calegA ki jaina rAjanIti kisa prakAra apanA svatantra astitva banAe hue thI aura kisa prakAra usa ke anuyAyI usa para amala karate the / jainarAjanIti meM saba se bar3I vizeSatA hameM yaha milatI hai ki ucita daNDa ke vidhAna ke sAtha 2 'ahiMsA paramodharma.' ke siddhAnta kI upekSA nahIM kI gii| jaina rAjA ke daNDa meM kaTutA ke sAtha 2 dayA ke mAdhurya kA aMza bhI hameM milatA hai| laghvahanIti meM likhA hai ki strI, brAhmaNa yA tapasvI ina se koI bar3A bhArI aparAdha bhI ho jAya to bhI inakA na to koI aMga ccheda hI karavAnA cAhiye aura na hI unako mRtyudaNDa hI denA caahiye| deza se bAhira nikAlanA hI ina ke liye paryApta hai ! isa ke viparIta manu bI ne likhA hai: guru vA bAlavRddhaM vA brAhmaNaM vA bahuzrutam / zrAtatAyinamAyAntaM hanyAdevAvicArayan / / manu0 a08. zlo0 350. arthAt - yada guru, bAlaka, vRddha athavA bahuta zAstroM kA jAnane

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( 38 ) vAlA brAhmaNa bhI yAtatAyI bana kara Ave to binA vicAre hI use mAra ddaale| jaina rAjA nyAya mArga meM sthita rahate hue daNDa to pratyeka aparAdhI ko denA ucita samajhate haiM kintu ahiMsA dharma ko sadA dRSTi meM rakhate hue vadha ke sthAna meM use deza nikAlA denA acchA samajhate haiN| mArane kI apekSA aparAdhI ko aisA daNDa denA jisa se vaha jIvita raha kara Ananma pazcAttApa karatA rahe adhika acchA hai| zraparAdho ko mAra kara naSTa karane se koI mahatva nahIM kintu usa ko aisI paristhiti meM rakhanA jisa se vaha apanI bhUla ko samajha sake usa ke liye prAyazcitta kara sake aura punaH eka saccaritra mAgarika bana sake, adhika acchA hai / vigar3I mazInarI ko naSTa to hara eka hI kara sakatA hai kintu usa ke purajoM ko ThIka kara pUrvavat calA dene vAle kA hI gaurava hotA hai / zrAja kA sabhya saMsAra bhI isa satya ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhane lagA hai aura usI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki bahuta se pAzcAtya dezoM meM aparAdhiyoM ko mRtyu daNDa kA vidhAna roka diyA gayA hai| jaina rAjanIti meM bhI mRtyu daNDa kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM hai kintu dUsare kaThina daNDoM ke sadbhAva meM isakA tyAga adhika acchA mAnA jAtA hai / vaidika rAjanIti ke anusAra yadi koI vyakti anapatya mara jAya to usa kI sampatti kI adhikAriNI usa kI patnI nahIM ho samatI kintu " rAjagAmI tasyArtha saMcayaH " arthAt rAjA hI usakA adhikArI hotA hai| manu jI kA kahanA hai ki:vazA'putrAsu caivaM syAdrakSaNaM nakulAsuca / pativratAsuca khISu vidhavAsvAturAsu ca // manu0 a08. zloka 26

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[ 36 ] - bandhyA, putrahInA, jisa strI ke kula meM koI na ho, pativratA vidhavA tathA rogiNI strI ke dhana kA rakSaka rAjA hotA hai| jaina rAjanIti kA mantavya isa se sarvathA bhinna hai hemacandra jI likhate haiM: anapatye mRte patyau sarvasya svAminI vdhuuH| arthAt- pati yadi niHsa tAna mara jAya to usa kI sArI sampatti kI adhikAriNI usa kI patnI hotI hai / isI prakAra AgeHbhraSTe naSTe ca vikSipte patau prajite mRte / tasya nizzeSa vittasyAdhipAsyAdvaravaNinI / / putrasya satve'satve ca bhavatsA'dhikAriNI // pR0 128. zlo0 52, 53. arthAt - pati yadi bhraSTa ho jAye, naSTa ho jAye, pAgala ho jAye, sanyAsI ho jAye yA mara jAe ina saba hAlatoM meM usa ke putra ho cAhe na ho to pati kI sArI sampattikI adhikAriNI usa kI patnI hotI hai| ___ vaidika sAhitya meM putra kA sthAna bar3A vicitra hai:punnAnI narakAdyasmAt trAyate pitaraM sutaH / tasmAt putra iti proktaH svayameva svayaMbhuvA / / manu a06. zloka 138 arthAt-jisa kAraNa beTA "" nAma naraka se pitaroM kI rakSA karatA hai isI se svayaM brahmA ne beTe ko putra kaha kara pukArA hai| isa satya kI aura bhI puSTi karate hue manujI likhate haiM:

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[ 40 / jyeSThena jAta mAtraNa putrI bhavati mAnavaH / pitR NAmanRNazcaiva sa tasmAtsarvamarhati / manu a06, zloka 106. pitA jyeSTa putra ke janma lete hI putravAna ho jAtA hai aura pitR RNa se uRNa hotA hai ataeva pitA kA saba dhana pAne kA adhikArI vahI hai| isa prakAra manu jI ke mantavya ke anusAra putrahIna manuSya kI gati nahIM ho sktii| vaha mara kara naraka meM jAtA hai| ataH pitaroM ko piNDadAna ke liye putra kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / manu jI kA to yahAM taka kahanA hai ki putra kI utpatti kevala naraka se bacAtI hI nahIM parantu svarga ke mArga ko kholane meM bhI eka nizcita sAdhana hai| zrApa kahate haiM ki:putreNa lokAJjayati pautreNAnantyamaznute / atha putrasya pautraNa branasyApnoti viSTapam // manu zra06. zloka 137. arthAt- putra ke janma lene se manuSya svargAdi lokoM ko pAte haiM aura pautra ke janma se svarga meM cirakAla paryanta avasthiti hotI hai aura prapautra kI utpatti se sUryaloka meM nivAsa kiyA karatA hai / isa prakAra manu jI putra ke sAtha 2 prapautra ko bhI svarga kA sAdhana mAnate haiM / jaina siddhAnta isa ke sarvathA viparIta hai| bhadrabAhu sahitA meM likhA haiputraNa syAt puNyatvamaputraH pApayugbhavet / putravanto'vadRzyante pAmarA kaNayAcakAH // 8 //

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( 41 ) dRSTAstIrthakRto'putrAH paJcakalyANabhAginaH / devendrapUjyapAdAbjAH lokatraya vilokinaH // 6 // arthAt- yadi putra kI utpatti hI puNyavAnI kA lakSaNa hai to saiMkar3oM putroM vAloM kI durgati hotI kyoM dikhAI detI hai ? isa ke viparIta putrarahita tIrthakara pAMca kalyANa ke bhAgI, trilokadarzI aura indrAdi se pUjita pAe jAte haiN| jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra pitA ke karmoM kA bhoktA putra nahIM aura putra ke karmoM kA bhoktA pitA nahIM ho sakatA / donoM ko apane apane karmoM kA phala svatantra rUpa se bhoganA par3atA hai / yadi pitA duzcaritra aura pApI hai aura putra sakriyAvAn hai to pitA ko to apane karmoM kA daNDa avazya bhoganA par3egA hii| putra apane zubha karmoM kA zubha phala paaegaa| uttama se uttama putra bhI pApI pitA ke karmoM ko dhone meM kabhI samartha nahIM ho sakatA / pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt putra bhale hI pitA ke kalyANa ke liye kitanI kriyAeM kyoMna kare kintu ve mRtAtmA ke liye saba vyartha haiM / jaina zAstroM meM zrAddha kriyA kA koI mahatva nahIM hai / putra aihalaukika Ananda kA kAraNa bana sakatA hai, pAralaukika kriyA meM pitA ke liye vaha koI mahatva nahIM rakhatA yaha jaina darzana kA mantabya hai| manu nI ne dvijamAtra ke liye brahma yajJa, pitR yajJa, deva yajJa, bhUta yajJa, nRyajJa ye pAMca yajJa mAne haiN| ina saba kA lakSaNa karate hue zrApa kahate haiM ki:adhyAphnaM brahmayajJaH pitRyajJastu tarpaNam / homo devo bali to nRyajJo'tithi pUjanam / / manu a. 3. zlo0 70.

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( 42 ) arthAt - ziSyoM ko adhyApana brahma yajJa, pitaroM ko tarpaNa pitRyajJa, homa karanA devayajJa, jIvAMko anna kI bali denA bhUtayajJa, aura atithi kA Adara satkAra karanA nRyajJa kahalAtA hai / vaidika dharma granthoM meM yajJoM kA bahuta UMcA sthAna hai / brAhmaNa granthoM meM yajJoM kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana tathA vidhAna milatA hai / rAjA ke liye rAjasUya, aura azvamedhAdi yajJoM kA vidhAna hai| bahuta se yajJoM meM pazuvadha kA bhI vidhAna hai| yajJa ke liye pazu ko mAranA bhI pApa nahIM samajhA jAtA ulTA Age ke janma meM uttama gati pAne ke liye use sarTiphikeTa mila jAtA hai / manu jI kA kathana hai ki: yajJArthaM pazavaH sRSTAH svayameva svayaMbhuvA / yajJamya bhUtyai sarvasya tasmAdyajJe vadho'vadhaH // manu zra0 5, lo0 36. arthAt svayaMbhU brahmA ne yajJa ke liye aura yazoM kI samRddhi ke liye pazutroM ko banAyA hai / ataeva yajJa meM pazu kA vadha zravadha arthAt vadha janya doSa rahita hai / auSadhyaH pazavo vRkSAstiryacaH pakSiNastathA / yajJArthaM nidhanaM prAptAH prApnuvantyutsRtIH punaH // zrISadhi pazu vRkSAdi aura pakSI ye saba para phira uttama yoni meM janma grahaNa karate haiM / manu zra0 5. lo0 40. yajJa ke nimitta mAre jAne isa prakAra vaidika dharma granthoM meM hiMsAmaya yajJoM kA vidhAna milatA hai / kucha eka vaidika vidvAnoM ne jo hiMsA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate vaidika mantroM kA artha apane dRSTikoNa ke anukUla aisA kiyA hai ki jisa se hiMsA vidhAna ke pratipAdana kA nivAraNa ho jAtA hai kintu

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( 43 ) vaha prayAsa saphala nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki gauNArtha mukhyArtha kI vizeSatA ko chipA nahIM sakatA / bahuta se logoM ne jahAM saMbhava ho sakA hai hiMsA pratipAdaka pAThoM para prakSetra kI mohara lagAne kA bhI niSphala prayAsa kiyA hai / kAlpanika yuktiyeM tathA svamantavyAnukUlArtha vAstavika utya ko chipAne meM kabhI bhI samartha nahIM ho sakate / uparyukta vaidika yajJoM se aba pAThaka jainayajJoM kI tulanA kareM / hemacandrAcArya ne ladhvarhannIti meM jaina rAjA ke liye pAMca yajJoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai - jaise - duSTa ya daNDaH sujanasya pUjA, nyAyena kozasya ca saMpravRddhiH / apakSapAto ripu rASTra rakSA caiva yajJA kathitA nRpANAm // pR0 6 zro0 44. arthAtH - duSTa ko daNDa denA, sajjana ko pUjA karanA, nyAya se khajAne ko bar3hAnA. kisI kA pakSapAta na karanA aura zatru se rASTra kI rakSA karanA ye rAjAoM ke liye pAMca yajJa haiM / jo loga jaina dharma ko kAyaroM kA dharma mAnate haiM aura jaina rAjA ko zatru ke sAmane zIghra patana kI kalpanA karate haiM una ko jainiyAM ke prathama yajJa aura antima kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA cAhiye / jaina rAjA ' hiMsA paramodharmaH ' kA upAsaka hote hue bhI aparAdhI duSTa puruSa ko banA daNDa diye nahIM chor3a sakatA / cauthe yajJa sambandha hai / daNDa dete "" apakSapAta kA prathama yajJa se bar3A ghaniSTa samaya nyAyAdhaM za pakSAta rahita honA cA haye guNa kisa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM ghaTita hote rahe haiM yaha nIce likhe / jaina rAjA meM ye donoM dRSTAnta se pAThakoM ko bhI bhAMti jJAta ho jAegA: Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 80 www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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. [ 44 ] prAcIna samaya meM malaya deza kI rAjadhAnI ratmapura meM prajApati nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usa ke putra kA nAma candracUla thA jo ki bar3A hI duSTa aura duzcaritra thaa| ratnapura meM eka kuberadatta seTha rahatA thA jisa ne apanI kanyA kA pANigrahaNa vahAM ke eka zreSThIputra zrIdatta ke sAtha kiyaa| kanyA bar3I hI rUpavatI thI / usa ke saundarya kI mahimA candracUla ke kAnoM taka phuNcii| jabaki vivAha saMskAra ho rahA thA taba candracUla upta sundarI kanyA ko balapUrvaka haraNa karane keliye logoM kI bar3I bhIr3a meM pahuMca gyaa| rAjakumAra ke isa duSTAcAra se logoM ko bar3A duHkha huaa| nagara ke paJca milakara rAjA ke pAsa gae aura rAjakumAra kI isa nIcatA kI zikAyata kii| rAjA nyAyapriya thA aura pakSapAta karanA to jAnatA hI na thA / jaba usa ne apane putra kI duzcaritratA kI bAta sunI to use usa para bar3A krodha aayaa| candracUla ko rAjA ke sAmane lAyA gyaa| rAjA ne use dekhate hI turaMta zrAjJA dI:tadAlokya 'kimityeSa pApIhAnIyate dra tam / nizAtaM zUla mAropya zmazAne sthApyatAmiti / / arthAt:- isa pApI ko yahAM lAne kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isa ko to zIghra hI zamazAna ghATa meM tIkhe zUja para laTakA do| rAjA kA mantrI bar3A buddhimAn thaa| usa ne rAjakumAra ko daNDa dene kA bhAra apane Upara le liyaa| vaha rAjakumAra ko jaMgala meM le gayA aura vahAM jaina muniyoM kI sevA meM use dIkSA dilAI / yaha thI jaina rAjAoM kI nyAya parAyaNatA aura niSpakSa daNDa vidhAna / nyAya ke siMhAsana para baiTha kara ve pakSapAta nahIM dikhAte the /

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( 45 ) duSTa ko daNDa denA isa prathama yajJa kA ve bhalIbhA~ti pAlana karate the / ve duSTa duSTa meM bheda nahIM samajhate the / duSTa cAhe prajA meM utpanna hunA ho cAhe rAna mahala meM, duSTa to duSTa hI hai; ataH usa ko daNDa avazya milanA cAhiye aura daNDa bhI aisA jo ki usa kI duSTatA ke anukUla ho / hemacandrAcArya ne likhA hai ki o rAjA nyAya meM sthita rahatA hai / cora, dhUrta aura duSToM ko daNDa detA hai vaha sIdhA svarga meM jAtA hai / isa prakAra una logoM ke liye jo jainadharma meM vIratA ke abhAva kI kalpanA karate haiM aura isI kAraNa jainiyoM ko kaI prakAra kI anucita upAdhiyAM dene kA sAhasa kara baiThate haiM / jaina rAjAoM ke prathama aura antima do yajJa paryApta uttara hogaa| kisI bhI dharma ke zAstrIya jJAna se paricita hue binA usake Upara TIkA TippaNI karanA kahAM taka ThIka hotA hai isa kI kalpanA pAThaka svayaM kara sakate haiM / anta meM maiM jaina rAjanIti kI eka vizeSatA aura batAnA cAhatA hUM | vaha vizeSatA vaidika rAjanIti meM nahIM pAI jAtI cakravartI rAjA to vaidika aura jaina dono kI nItiyoM meM pAe jAte haiM / vaidika dharma meM cakravartI pada ko pAne ke liye azvamegha aura rAjasUya yajJoM kA vidhAna hai| jaina zAstroM meM cakravartI banane ke liye rAjasUya aura azvamedha yajJoM kA vidhAna nahIM milatA / jaina dharma meM bhI cakravartItva pada pAne ke liye jaba yuddha karanA par3atA hogA taba hiMsA avazya hotI hogI hI kintu jaina dharma granthoM meM bala kI parIkSA ke liye anya bhI ahiMsAmaya upAya batAe gae haiM / hiMsAmaya yuddhoM ke sthAna para jalayuddha, dRSTiyuddha aura bAhuyuddha kA vidhAna hai / ina meM bAhuyuddha pradhAna rahA hai / prAyaH jaba do rAjAoM meM yuddha hotA hai to donoM pakSa kI lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM

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[ 46 ] senAeM eka dUsare para TUTa par3atI haiN| koI vIra rAjA hue to senA ke sAtha 2 yuddha meM cale gye| nahIM to akamara senAeM hI lar3A karatI haiM aura gajA apane Apa ko mahaloM meM yA kiloM meM surakSita rakhate haiM ! isa prakAra do vyaktiyoM ke rAjya lAbha ke liye saisroM sipAhI yuddha bhUmi meM apane jIvana khobaiThate haiM / jaina nItijJoM ko yaha bAta ThIka nahIM lgii| isa kAraNa unhoM ne gahayuddha kI prathA calAI / bAhayuddha meM kevala do virodhI rAjAoM kA hI yuddha hotA thaa| senA uma meM bhAma nahIM letI thii| jo rAjA jItatA usa se parAjita ganA adhInatA svIkAra kara letaa| isa taraha se nAtroM ke yuddha se jo lAgboM vyani proM kA saMhAra hotA. vaha baca jAtA / jaina dharmagranthoM meM bAhuyuddha ke bahuta se udAharaNa milate haiM / kahate haiM ki nemi mahArAja eka bAra acAnaka hai| bhagavAn kRSNa kI zastrazAlA meM cale ge| unhoMne zrIkRSNa jI ke cakra ko kumhAra ke cakra kI bhAMti ghumA diyaa| zAGga dhanuSa ko mRNAla ko taraha, kaumoda kI gadA ko lAThI kI taraha uThA DAdA aMra pAJcajanya zaMkha ko khUba z2ora se bjaayaa| zaMkha dhvani ko suna kara kRSNa jI ko kisI zatru ke pAne kA saMdeha hazrA aura vaha turanta hI zastrazAlA meM A ge| vahAM unhoMne nemi mahArAja ko khar3e paayaa| donoM ne vala. parIkSA ke liye bAhuyuddha ko hI ucita samajhA aura phira donoM kA bAhuyuddha hushraa| isI prakAra bharata aura bAhubali kA yuddha bhI bahuta prAMmaddha hai / pahale donoM kI senAeM lar3ane ko udyata thIM kintu donoM ke pradhAnamatriyoM ne senAoM ke yuddha meM bahuta jana saMhAra dekhakara yaho nizcaya kiyA ki donoM kA bAhuyuddha ho aura a-ta meM huzrA bhI yaho / isa prakAra jainarAjanIti meM yuddha ke vidhAna meM 'ahiMsA pAmo.

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( 47 ) - - dharma" isa siddhAnta 'kA bahuta UMcA sthAna hai / isa choTe se lekha meM pAThakoM ko bhalIbhAMti patA cala gayA hogA ki jaina dharma vAstava meM vIra dharma hai| jo loga isa se anyathA kalpanA karate haiM ve jainadharma ke marma se anabhijJa haiM / una ko cAhiye ki ve jaina zAstroM kA adhyayana karake isa ke mahatva ko samajhe / ima ke sAtha 2 maiM jaina kulotpanna sajjanoM se bhI nivedana karanA cAhatA hUM ki ve nAmamAtra ke jaina hone meM hI gaurava na samajhe / una ko apanI prAcIna saMskRti aura prAcIna gaurava ko kabhI na bhulAnA cAhiye / yadi ve apane pUrvajoM ke dikhAe patha para caleMge tabhI vAstava meM sacce jaina kahalAne ke yogya bana skeNge|

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- jaina dharma meM varNavyavasthA jaisA ki pahale bhI batA cuke hai vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ye tInoM dharma ati prAcIna kAla se sAtha sAtha cale Ae haiM ataH tInoM kA eka dUsare para prabhAva par3atA rahA hai| tInoM dharmoM ke anuyAyI eka dUsare ke siddhAntoM ko samaya 2 para apanAte rahe haiM | aura eka dUsare se prabhAvita hote rahe haiM / nissandeha tInoM kA jIvana cirakAla se pArasparika saMgharSamaya calatA rahA hai / aura pratyeka ne apane apane siddhAntoM ko hI eka mAtra kalyANa kA sAdhana mAnA hai kintu yaha saMgharSa aisA hI thA jaisA ki tIna sahodara bhAiyoM kA hotA hai| tInoM dharmoM ke dharma granthoM ko yadi sUkSma dRSTi se par3hA jAya to usake nicor3a meM ati prAcIna bhAratIya sabhyatA kI eka hI jhalaka ESTagocara hotI hai| tInoM dharmoM kI gaharAI meM eka ho saMskRti chipI milatI hai / ThIka isI prakAra jaise tIna sahodara bhAiyoM meM pArasparika matabheda ke hone para bhI mAtRsneha kA zrota samAna rUpa se hI vahA karatA hai / ataeva vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM meM kisI eka ke siddhAnta para usI ke dRSTi koNa se vivecana karanA yA koI nirNaya denA usa mantavya ke sAtha anyAya karanA hogaa| kisI bhI viSaya kA vizleSaNa tInoM dharmoM ke siddhAntoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue tulanAtmaka dRSTi se hI karanA cAhiye / aisA karane se hI yaha sandara aura nirNayAtmaka ho sakatA hai| ataeva jaina dharma meM varNavyavasthA ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha sAtha vaidika aura bauddha dhamoM

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( 46 ) meM varNavyavasthA kI paripATI kA digdarzana nitAnta Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| tInoM dharmoM kI sAtha sAtha pragati hone ke kAraNa tInoM ne jo eka dUsare kI sAmAjika vyavasthA para gaharA prabhAva DAlA hai usakI upekSA nahIM kI bA sakatI / sAmAjika dhArmika aura rAjanaitika zrAdi sabhI kSetroM meM yaha prabhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| // vaidika varNa vyavasthA / cAroM vedoM meM saba se prAcIna Rgveda mAnA jAtA hai / isa veda ke dasa maMDala haiN| prathama nau maNDaloM meM kahIM bhI varNavyavasthA kA vidhAna nahIM pAyA jaataa| dazama maMDala meM varNavyavasthA kA vidhAna milatA hai jo isa prakAra hai:brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIdvAhu rAjanyaH kRtaH / urU tadasya yavazyaH padbhyAM zUdro'jAyat // isa maMtra meM brAhmaNa kI mukha se, kSatriya kI bhujAtroM se, vaizya kI urU se aura zUdra kI pairoM se tulanA yA utpatti dhyAna dene yogya hai| isa maMtra ke AdhAra para bahuta se vidvAnoM ne vaidika kAla meM janmagata bavyavasthA siddharNa karane kI koziza kI hai kintu bhASA vijJAna ke paNDitoM ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki Rgveda ke dazama maMDala kI racanA prathama nau maNDaloM ke bahuta bAda kI hai| dazama maMDala kI bhASA se hI yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai ki usakI bhASA prathama nau maMDaloM kI bhASA se bhinna prakAra kI hai| ataH Rggaidika kAla meM varNa vyavasthA kA astitva nahIM mAnA bA sktaa|

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( 50 ) // varNa vyavasthA kA prArambha // varNa zabda kA artha hai raMga (complexion) | bhAratIya bhArya logoM kA raMga gaura aura sundara hotA thA / kRSNa yA kAle varNa ke drAvir3a aAdi jAtiyoM ke loga bhI bhArata bhUmi meM basate the| Arya jAti kA kAle raMga kI jAtiyoM se kucha kAla taka saMgharSa bhI rahA / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pAryoM ne una kRSNa varNa jAti ke logoM se jinheM ve anArya yA dasyu kaha kara pukArate the apanI utkRSTatA kI bhinnatA prakaTa karane ke liye hI varNa zabda kA prayoga prArambha kiyA hogaa| bAda meM jaisA ki Rgveda ke dazama maMDala meM milatA hai samAja ko brAhmaNa, kSatriya gaizya aura zadra ina cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara diyaa| prArambha meM yaha varNa vyavasthA karma gata thI banma gata nahIM / koI bhI puruSa apane ucca yAnIca karmoM me brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra bana sakatA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidika dharma ke prasiddha RSi vizvAmitra vaziSTha aura dIrghatamA zrAdi abrAhmaNa hote hue bhI apane utkRSTa koM se brAhmaNa pada ko prApta hue / manu jo mahArAja bhI isI satya kI puSTi karate hai:zUdro brAhmaNatAmeti bAhmaNazcaiti zUdratAm / kSatriyAjAtamevaMtu vidyAdvaizyAttathaiva ca // manu 10/65/ arthAt jisa prakAra zUdra brAhmaNa bana jAtA hai aura brAhmaNa zadra bana jAtA hai usI prakAra kSatriya aura vaizya ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA caahiye| kucha kAla ke pazcAt varNa ke sthAna meM jAti zabda kA bhI prayoga hone lgaa| vaidika sAhitya meM sarva prathama yaha zabda kAtyAyana

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( 51 ) zrauta sUtra meM milatA hai| usameM isakA prayoga varNa ke artha meM nahIM kiyA kintu parivAra yA kula ke artha meM milatA hai / parantu jaise 2 varNa vyavasthA janma siddha adhikAroM meM phaMsatI gaI naise 2 varNa ke sthAna meM jAti zabda kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se hone lgaa| anta meM jAti zabda kA prayoga itanA adhika pracalita ho gayA ki varNa zabda usake sAmane lupta sA ho gyaa| zrAna kala bhI hamAre deza meM sarvatra jAti zabda kA hI prayoga hotA hai| brAhmaNa varNa, kSatriya varNa, gaizya varNa aura zUda varNa ke sthAna meM brAhmaNa jAti kSatriya jAti, vaizya jAti aura zUdra jAti kA prayoga karate haiM / / / aneka jAtiyoM kI utpatti // prArambha meM jaba varNavyavasthA kA yuga zuru huA to cAra hI varNa the / aAja kI bhASA meM cAra jAtiya thiiN| inhIM cAra bAtiyoM meM se aAja kI saiMkar3oM jAtiyoM kI utpatti kisa prakAra huI isakA patA bahuta kucha manusmRtise cala jAtA hai / manu jI kI rAjanIti ke anusAra brAhmaNa ko to cAroM varNoM kI kanyAzroM ke sAtha vivAha karane kA adhikAra hai aura bAkI ke varNa yA jAtiyeM apane se nIce kisI bhI varNa kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha sambandha kara sakatI haiM kintu apane se ucca varNa ke sAtha nhiiN| zUdrava bhAryA zUdasya sA ca svA ca vizaH smRte| ' te ca svAcaiva rAjJazca tAzca svAcAgrajanmanaH / / manu zra0 3 zloka 13. arthAt:- zUddhA hI zUdra kI strI ho sakatI hai dUsarI nahIM / vaizya ko

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vaizya varNa kI aura zUdrA zraura brAhmaNoM ko cAroM varSoM hai / ( 52 ) kSatriya ko kSatriyA vaizyA tathA zaza, kI kanyAoM se vivAha karanekA adhikAra cAroM varNa apane 2 varNa meM vivAha sambandha karake jo saMtAna utpanna karate haiM vaha saMtAna hI zuddha brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra mAnI jAtI hai / jaise:1 -- sarva varNeSu tulyAsu patnIStrakSatayoniSu / zrAnulomyena saMbhUtA jAtyA jJa eyAsta eva te || manu zra0 10. zloka 50. arthAtH - ina cAra varNo meM savarNa akSatayoni vivAhitA striyoM meM anuloma krama se jo saMtAna utpanna hotI hai jaise brAhmaNa se brahmaNI meM jo putra utpanna hogA vaha brAhmaNa kahalAvegA / kSatriya se kSatriyA meM utpanna kSatriya, vaizya se vaizyA meM utpanna vaizya hotA hai / isake viparIta jaisA ki manu jI ne Upara bhinna varNoM meM bhI uttarottara vivAha kA vidhAna kiyA hai usa se jo santati utpanna hotI hai vahI Aja kI saiMkar3oM jAtiyoM kI utpatti meM mUla kAraNa hai / unakI utpatti ke viSaya meM bhI manusmRti meM paryApta vivarNa milatA hai jaise: brAhmaNAdvaizyakanyAyAmamvaSTo nAma jAyate / niSAdaH zUdrakanyAyAM yaH pArazava ucyate / / zra0 10. loka 8. kSatriyAcchadra kanyAyAM krarAcAra vihAravAn / kSetra zUdravapurjanturupro nAma prajAyate // 6 // kSatriyAdviprakanyAyAM sUto bhavati jAtitaH / vaizyAnmaghavaideho rAjaviprAMganA satau // 11 //

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( 53 ) brAhmaNAduprakanyAyAmAvRto nAma jAyate / bhoro'mbaSTha kamyAyAmAyogavyAM tu dhigvaNaH ||15|| jAto niSAdAcchUdrAyAM jAtyA bhavati pukkasaH / zUdrAjjAto niSAdhAtu sa vai kukkuTakaH smRtaH ||18|| kSaturjAtastathoprAyAM zvapAkaH iti kIrtyate / vaidehakena tvambaSThayAmutpanno veNa ucyate // 16 // dvijAtayaH savarNAsu janayantya vratAMstu yAna / tAnsAvitrI paribhraSTAn vAtyAniti vinirdizat ||20|| vrAtyAttu jAyate viprAtpApAtmA bhUrjakaNTakaH / AvanyavATadhAnau ca puSyadhaH zairava eva ca // 2 // bhallo mallazca rAjanyAd vAtyAnicchivireva ca / naTazca karaNazcaiva saso dravir3a e ca ||22|| arthAtH - brAhmaNa se vyAhI huI vaizya kanyA meM jo koI putra utpanna hove vaha 'zrambalu' kahAtA hai / aura zUda kanyA meM jo utpanna hove vaha 'niSAda' kahAtA hai usI ko pArAzava bhI kahate haiM ||8|| kSatriya se vyAhI huI zUda hotA hai usakA svabhAva kucha kSatriya hai / usI ko 'ugra' bhI kahate haiM ||6|| kanyA meM utpanna putra krUrakarma vAlA tathA kucha zUdra se milatA julatA kSatriya dvArA brAhmaNa kI kanyA meM jo putra utpanna ho vaha sUtaM bAti kA kahA jAtA hai / vaizya se kSatriya tathA brAhmaNa kanyA meM utpanna putra 'AvRta', zramba nAma kI kanyA meM bAyamAna " zrAbhIra" evaM AyogavI meM jAyamAna bAlaka "dhigvaNa" kahA jAtA hai // 15 //

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( 54 ) zUdA meM niSAda dvArA utpanna putra "pukasa" tathA zUddha se niSAda kanyA meM jAyamAna putra kukkuTa kahe jAte haiM ||18|| kSattA dvArA ugra kanyA meM janmA hutrA putra " zvapAka " kahA jAtA hai / vaideha se ambaSTha nAmnI kanyA meM utpanna putra veNa kahalAtA hai // 16 // dvijAti kI savarNA kanyAoM meM utpanna putroM kA yadi yajJopavIta saMskAra na ho to ve " vrAtya" kahe jAte haiM // 20 // brAcya saMtAna se pApAtmA 'bhUrjakaNTaka" putra janmatA hai| deza bheda se isI ko 'zrAvantya', 'vATadhAna', puSpatra " tathA "zaikha" bhI kahate he // 21 // kSatriya jAti kI vrAtya se utpanna putra, mala, mala, nicchivi, naTa, karaNa, ravasa. tathA dravir3a kahalAte haiM / / 22 / prAjakala upalabdha sUta, zrAbhIra niSAda aura zekha zrAdi aneka jAtiyoM kI utpatti cAroM varNoM ke antarjAtIya vivAha sambandhoM se kisa prakAra hotI gaI yaha manu jI kI rAjanaitika vyavasthA se pAThakoM ko bhalI bhA~ti spaSTa ho gayA hogA ! isa ke atirikta logoM ke bhinna bhinna peze yA vyavasAya bhI aneka navIna jAtiyoM kI utpatti meM navIna kAraNa bane / jaise sone kA kAma karane vAle svarNakAra yA sunAra, lohe kA kAma karane vAle lohakAra yA luhAra, camar3e kA kAma karane vAle carmakAra yA camAra, vastra dhone kA kAma karane vAle dhobI, kSaurakarma karane vAle nApita yA nAI, taila nikAlane vAle telI, vastra bunane kA kAma karane vAle tantuvAya yA julAhe, ityAdi aneka jAtiyoM ke nAma unake karma yA vyavasAya ke AdhAra para par3e /

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( 55 ) isa prakAra vaidika siddhAnta ke anusAra bhArata meM aneka jAtiyoM kI utpatti hotI gii| jaisA ki pahale bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki Rgvaidika kAla meM to varNavyavasthA karma se hI mAnI jAtI thI janma se nahIM / isI satya ko puSTa karane vAlA eka zloka zukranIti meM bhI pAtA hai :vizvAmitro vasiSThazca mataMgo nAradAdayaH / tapovizeSasaMprAptAH uttamatvaM na jAtitaH // arthAt:- vizvAmitra, vasiSTha, mataMga, aura nAradAdi RSi tapa ke prabhAva se uttama pada ko prApta hue jAtise nhiiN| "bAlmIki rAmAyaNa" ke kartA maharSi vAlmIki ke viSaya meM to saba jAnate haiM ki vaha kisa prakAra nIca jAti meM utpanna ho kara bhI rAma kI mahimA se kitane ucca pada ko prApta hue / cakravartI mahArAja kI mahArANI sItA ko bhI unhoMne apane Azrama meM zrAzraya diyA thaa| vistAra bhaya se isa lekha ko adhika na bar3hAte hue anta meM maiM yahI batAnA cAhatA hUM ki vaidikakAla meM varNavyavasthA karma se hI mAnI jAtI thI / upayukta vivarNa se pAThakoM ko isa satya kA bhalIbhA~ti patA cala gayA hogA / Aja kala kI janmagata varNavyavasthA kI bhayAnakatA Rgvaidika kAla meM na thii| isa kA pracAra bAda meM huaA aura yahAM taka bar3hAki nIca se nIca kAma karane vAlA puruSa yadi brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna huA hoto vaha jAti kI zreSThatA kI DhIMga hAMkane meM koI kasara bAkI nahIM rakhatA / zUdra bAti meM paidA huA puruSa uttamase uttama AcaraNa karane para bhI nIca mAnA jAtA hai| bahuta se ajJAnI puruSa to zUdra kI chAyA par3ane para bhI apane Apa ko apavitra mAnane lagate haiM / isa ko mUrkhatA kI parAkASThA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha bar3I hI

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( 56 ) prasannatA kI bAta hai ki vartamAna bhAratIya gaNarAjya ke vidhAna meM sadiyoM se cale Ate hindU samAja ke isa spRzyAspRzya ke kalaMka ko gho DAlA hai| // jaina varNa vyavasthA // ThIka vaidika mantavya kI taraha hI jaina dharma bhI apane sainadharma granthoM ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra karmasiddha ho jAti yA varNavyayasthA mAnatA rahA hai / nissaMdeha jaina dharmazAstroM meM yatra tatra janmagata varNavyavasthA kI bhI jhalaka milatI hai / jaise: "samAna kula zolAdibhiH agotravAhaya manyatra bhuviruddhbhyH|" dharmavindu pR0 4. Ajakala jo jaina samAja meM varNavyavasthA pracalita hai vaha jainAgamoM ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra nahIM kahI jaasktii| vartamAna jaina samAja meM varNavyavasthA janma se hI mAnI jAtI hai| saiddhAntika rUpa meM bhale hI kucha loga karmagata bhI mAnate hoM kintu kAryarUpa meM janmagata kI hI pradhAnatA hai / koI bhI jaina sAdhu jainAgamoM kA sucAru rUpa meM jJAna hote hue bhI kisI nIca jAti ke suyogya aura adhikArI puruSa ko dIkSA dene kA sAhasa nahIM kara sktaa| yadi kare to, na to bhAvakoM kI bhaddhA kA pAtra hI vaha raha sakatA hai aura na pAhAra pAnI kI suvidhA hI usako jaina parivAroM meM masIba ho sakatI hai| isa kA mUla kAraNa kArya rUpameM janma siddha varNavyavasthA kA mAnanA hai jo jaina dharma kA apanA siddhAnta nahIM hai / mere vicAra se yaha vaidikasabhyatA kA hI jaina dharma para prabhAva hai| jaba baina rAjasattA samApta ho gaI aura jaina rAjanIti lusa prAyaH hogaI thI zAyada usa samaya se sI jaina dharma vaidika dharma se praSika

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( 57 ) prabhAvita hone lgaa| kevala varNavyavasthA meM hI nahIM anya vivAha saMskArAdi kamoM meM bhI jaina nagata vaideka vivAha paddhati se hI zAsita hotA AyA hai / isake atirikta donoM dhanoM meM pArasparika vaivAhika sambandha ati prAcIna kAla se binA kisI bAdhA ke cale A rahe haiN| aisI sthiti meM eka dUsare kI prathAo ke prabhAva se mukta rahanA kaThina hI nahIM asabhava bhI ho jAtA hai| IsA pUrva 600-700 ke samaya kI jaina sabhyatA aura paristhiti kA varNana karate hue jaina vidvAn zrI kAmatA prasAda jI apane saMkSipta jaina itihAsa ke ke dUsare bhAga meM likhate haiM: " usa samaya kA bhAratIya samAja, brAhmaNa kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra varNoM meM vibhakta thaa| cANDAla Adi bhI the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma hone ke pahale hI brAhmaNa varNa kI pradhAnatA thii| usane zeSa vargoM ke saba adhikAra hathiyA liye the| apane ko pujavAnA aura apanA artha sAdhana karanA usakA mukhya dhyeya thA yahI kAraNa thA ki usa samaya brAhmaNoM ke atirikta kisI ko bhI dharma kArya aura veda pATha karane kI AjJA nahIM thI / brAhmaNetara varNoM ke loga nIce. samajhe jAte the / zUdra aura striyoM ko manuSya hI nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| kintu isa dazA se loga Uba cale / unheM manuSyoM meM pArasparika UMca nIca kA bheda akhara uThA / udhara itane meM hI bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA dharmopadeza huzrA aura usase janatA acchI taraha samajha gaI ki.manuSya 2 meM prAkRta koI bheda nahI hai| pratyeka manuSya ko prAtma - svatantratA prApta hai| kitane hI mata pravartaka ina bAtoM kA pracAra karane ke lie aguvA bne| bainI loga isa Andolana meM agrasara the /

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[ 58 ] sAdhutroM kI bAta jAne dIjie zrAvaka taka logoM meM se bAti mudatA athavA nAti vA kula mada ko dUra karane ke sAdhu prayatna karate the| rAstA calate eka zrAvaka kA samAgama kucha brAhmaNoM se ho gayA brAhmaNa apane mAti mada meM matta the kintu zrAvaka ke yukti pUrNa vacanoM se unakA yaha nazA kAphUra hogyaa| ve jAna gae ki manuSya ke zarIra meM varNa prAkRti ke meda dekhane meM nahIM Ate hai jisase varNa meda ho| kyoki brAhmaNa Adi kA zUdrAdi ke sAtha bhI garbhAdhAna dekhane meM AtA hai| jaise gau ghor3e Adi kI jAti kA bheda pazuoM meM hai aisA jAti bheda manuSyoM meM nahIM hai kyoMki yadi zrAkAra bheda hotA to aisA bheda honA saMbhava thA ataH manuSya jAti eka hai| usameM jAti athavA kula kA abhimAna karanA vRthA hai| eka uccavarNI brAmaNa bhI gomAMsa khAne aura vezyAgamana karane se patita ho sakatA hai aura eka nIca gotra kA manuSya apane acche AcaraNa dvArA brAmaNa ke guNoM ko pA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke divya dezoM meM manupya mAtra ke lie vyakti svAtantrya kA mUla mantra garbhita thaa| bhagavAn ne pratyeka manuSya kA prAcaraNa usake nIca athavA UMvapane kA mUla kAraNa mAnA thA unhoMne spaSTa kahA ki saMtAna karma se cale Ae hue jIva ke AcaraNa kI gotra saMzA hai| jisakA UMcA prAcaraNa hai usakA U~ca gotra hai aura jisakA nIca zrAdharaNa hai usakA nIca gotra hai| zuddha ho yA strI ho athavA cAhe jo ho guNa kA pAtra hai vahI pUjanIya hai| deha yA kula kI vaMdanA nahIM hotI aura nA hI jAtiyukta ko hI mAnyatA prApta hai| guNahIna ko kauna pUje aura mAne ! bhramaNa bhI guNoM se hotA hai bhAvaka bhI guNoM se hotA hai / mahAvIra bI ke isa saMdeza se janatA kI manamAnI murAda pUrI huI aura vaha apane

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[ 56 ] jAti athavA kulamada ko bhUna gaI thii| taba bhArata meM vizva prema kI puNya dhArA kA aTUTa pravAha bahA / janatA guNoM kI upAsaka bana gaI / brAhmaNa, kSatriya zUdra aura vaizyatva kA use abhimAna hI zeSa na rhaa| saba hI guNoM ko pAkara zreSTha banane kI koziza karate the / dhanyakumAra seTha ko ho dekhie / unake guNoM kA Adara karake samrATa zreNika ne apanI putrI kA vivAha unase kara diyA thA aura unheM rAjya dekara apane samAna rAjyAdhikArI banA diyA thaa| yahI bAta inase pahale hue seTha bhaviSyadatta ke viSaya meM ghaTita huI thii| vaha vaizya putra hokara bhI rAjyAdhikArI hue the| hastinApura ke rAjasiMhAsana para ArUr3ha hokara unhoMne prajA kA pAlana samucita rIti se kiyA thaa| seTha prItikara ko kSatrI rAjA jayasena ne prAdhA rAjya dekara rAjA banAyA thaa| sarAMzataH svatantra anveSaNa ke AdhAra se vidvAnoM ko yahI kahanA par3A hai ki usa samaya Upara ke tIna varSa (brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya) to vAstava meM mUla meM eka hI the| kyoMki rAjA, maradAra aura viprAdi tIsare vaizya varNa ke hI sadasya the, jinhoMne apane ko ucca sAmAjika padapara sthApita kara liyA thA vastutaH aise parivartana hone z2arA kaThina the, parantu aise parivartanoM kA honA sambhava thA / garIba manuSya rAjA, saradAra bana sakate the| aise parivartanoM ke aneka udAharaNa pranyoM meM milate haiN| isake atirikta brAhmaNoM ke kriyA kANDa yukta evaM sarva prakAra kI sAmAjika paristhiti ke puruSa striyoM ke paraspara sambandha ke bhI udAharaNa milate haiM aura yaha kevala uccavarNa ke hI puruSa aura nIca kanyAoM ke sambandha meM nahIM hai balki nIca puruSa aura ucca striyoM ke bhI hai| nIce diyA udaraNa bhI isa satya kA poSaka hai:

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( 60 ) kanyA vRNIte rucitaM svayaMvaragatAvaram / kulInamakulInaM vA kramonAsti svayaMvare // arthAt:- svayaMvara meM gaI huI kanyA apanI ruci ke anusAra puruSa kA varaNa karatI hai| vahAM kulIna aura akunIna kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| saca muca usa mamaya vivAha kSetra ati vazAla thaa| cAro vargoM ke strI puruSa sAnanda parasAra vivAha sambandha karate the| itanA hI kyoM, mleccha aura vezyAoM Adi se bhI vivAha hote the| rAjA zreNika ne brAhmaNI se vivAha kiyA thA / jimake udara se mokSagAmI abhayakumAra nAmaka putra janmA thA / vaizya putra jIdhara kumAra ne kSatriya vidyAdhara garur3a vega kI kanyA gandharvadattA ko svayavara meM vINA bajA kara parAsta kiyA aura vivAhA thaa| svayaMvara meM kunIna akulIna kA bheda bhAva nahIM thaa| videha deza ke dharaNo tilakA nagara ke rAjA govinda kI kanyA ke svayaMvara meM Upara tIna varNo vAle puruSa zrAve the / jIvanadhara kumAra ke ye mAmA the| baMbaMdhara ne candraka yantra ko bedha kara apane mAmA kI kanyA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa kiyA thaa| pallava deza ke rAjA kI kanyA kA sarpa viSa dUra karake use bhI jIva dhara ne vyAhA thA / vaNika putra prItaMkara kA vidhAha rAjA ayasena kI putrI ke sAtha huaA thaa| vivAha sambandha karane meM jisa prakAra varNa-bheda. kA dhyAna nahIM rakhA jAtA thA vaise ko dharma virodha bhI usameM bAdhaka nahIM thaa| vasumitra zrI jaina the kintu una kI patnI dhana zrI abaina thii| sAketa kA migAra seThI jaina thA kintu usake putra puNyavardhana kA vivAha bauddhadharmAnuyAyI seTha dhanaMjaya kI putrI vizAkhA se huaA thA / samrAT zreNika ke pitA upazremika ne apanA vivAha eka bhIla kanyA se kiyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANoparAnta nandarAmA mahAnandin

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[ 61 ] jaina the| inakI rANiyoM meM se eka zUdA bhI thI jisase mahApadma kA janma huA thaa| campA ke zreSThI pAlita the| unhoMne eka videzI kanyA se vivAha kiyA thaa| prItaMkara seTha jaba videza meM dhanopArjana ke liye gae the to vahAM se eka rAjakanyA ko le Ae the jisake sAtha unakA vivAha huA thaa| isa kAla ke pahale se hI pratilita jaina puruSa jaise cArudatta athavA nAgakumAra ke vivAha vezyA putriyoM se hue the| sarAMzataH, uma samaya vivAha sambandha karane ke lie koI bandhana nahIM thA / suzIla aura guNavAlI kanyA ke sAtha usake upayukta vara vivAha kara sakatA thA / svayaMvara kI prathA ke anumAra vivAha ko uttama samajhA jAtA thaa|" isake atirikta uttarAdhyayana ke 25 meM adhyayana kI mahAmuni kI kathA kisa jaina zrAvaka se bhUlI hai| brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna hA eka jayaghoSa nAmakA yAjJika brAhmaNa thaa| usa samaya eka brahmacArI mahAmuni bhramaNa karate karate 2 vArANasI nagarI meM pahuMce aura bAhira eka udyAna meM Thahara gae / usa samaya usa purA meM vijayaghoSa nAmakA vedapAraMgata brAhmaNa yajJa kara rahA thaa| usa yajJa meM vaha muni bhikSA ke liye gyaa| usa sAdhu ko dekhate hI yAjJika ne bhikSA dene se inkAra kara diyA aura kahA ki jo vedapAraMgata, yAjJika aura jyotiH zAstra ko jAnane vAle brAhmaNa haiM unhIM ko vahAM se bhikSA mila sakatI hai / vaha mahAmuni isa prakAra kA uttara pAkara na ka ddha hI huzrA aura na prasanna hii| usa ne kahA ki tuma veda, yaza, dharma aura paramAtma tatva ko samajhate hI nahIM ho| yadi jAnate hoto betaaro| vaha yAzika brAhmaNa muni ke praznakA uttaradene meM asamartha thaa| usane hAtha jor3a kara kahA:- mahAmuni ! veda, yajJa dharma aura paramAtma tatva ko mujhe batAyo / paramAtmAda ko kisa

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( 62 ) prakAra pAyA jA sakatA hai ? yaha batAkara merA saMzaya dUra karo / paramAtmatatva kA varNana karate hue mahAmuni ne kahA: - navi muDieNa samaNo, na zrakAreNa bambhaNo / na muNo ratrAseNaM, kusacIreNa na tAvaso ||31|| samayAe samaNI hoI, bambhacereNa bambhaNo / nANeNa ya mukhI hoI, taveNa hoI tAtraso ||32|| kammuraNA bammaNo hoI, kammuraNA hoI khattiyo / vaIso kammuNA hoI, suddo havaI kammulA ||33|| arthAtH - koI manuSya puruSa sara muMDAne se zramaNa nahIM bana sakatA | kAra ke nApamAtra se brAhmaNa nahIM bana sakatA / jaGgala meM bAsa karane se muni nahIM bana sakatA aura na hI kuza cIra dhAraNa se tapasvI hI bana sakatA hai / samatA se zramaNa, brahmacarya se brAhmaNa, jJAna se muni aura tapasyA karane se hI muni banA jA sakatA hai / brAhmaNa kA karma karane se manuSya brAhmaNa bana jAtA hai / kSatriya kA kAma karane se kSatriya, vaizya kA kAma karane se vaizya aura zUdra kA kAma karana se hI zUda banatA hai / mahAmuni ne kahA ki isa prakAra uttama guNoM se yukta jo vAstava meM dvijottama haiM ve hI paramAtma tatva ko samajhate haiM / isI prakAra kI kathA uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke bhI zrAtI hai / yaha kathA harikezI muni kI hai| janma eka cANDAla kula meM huA thA / tapasyA ke Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat 12veM adhyayana meM harikezI muni kA prabhAva se be eka www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 63 ) prasiddha maharSi bne| ve bhI mahAmuni kI taraha jaba bhikSA ke lie yajJa maNDapa meM gae to yAjJikoM ne unakA tiraskAra kiyA aura bhikSA dene se inkAra kara diyaa| yAzikoM kI dRSTi meM ve bhikSA ke pAtra hI na the| unakI dRSTi meM yajJa maNDapa ke bhikSA pAtra banane ke liye brAhmaNa kula meM janma lenA paramAvazyaka thA / jaba harikezI muni ne bhikSApAtra kA vAstavika svarUpa batAyA to vaha unheM kaTu lagA aura zakti meM matta ve mahAmuni ko mArane lage / tatkAla pakSoM ne muni kI rakSA kI aura mArane vAloM ko ucitta daMDa diyaa| isa prakAra muni ke tapasteja kA camatkAra dekhakara saba loga hairAna raha gae aura kahA: sakkhaMkhu dIsaI tavovisaso, na dIsaI jAivisesesukoI / sovAgaputtaM hariesa sAhuM, jasserisA iDhi mahANabhAgA // 37 // arthAt: tapa kI vizeSatA sAkSAt dikhAI detI hai aura bAti kI vizeSatA kahIM dikhAI nahIM detI / aura cANDAla kA putra hokara bhI harikezI muni tapazcaryA ke prabhAva se itanI bar3I Rddhi ko prApta isa prakAra jaina zAstroM meM jahAM bhI varNa vyavasthA kA prakaraNa AtA hai / vahAM varNa vyavasthA karma se hI mAnI gaI hai / janma ko koI mahatva nahIM diyA jaataa| nissandeha uttama kula meM utpanna honA aAja kI taraha acchI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thA kintu samAja meM zrAdara pAne ke lie uttama kula meM janma ke sAtha 2 uttama guNoM kA honA bhI jaina samAna meM paramAvazyaka thaa| karmagata varNa vyavasthA kI maryAdA ko baina dharma ke zrAdi tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabha

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.( 64 ) * svAmI ne . bAMdhA thA aura unake pravacana ko antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI taka sAre tIrthakara. zrAvaka rUpa se mAnate aura pracAra karate rahe haiN| isI satya kI puSTi "jaina vidyA nAmaka patra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana para likhe lekha meM jaina vidvAn muni zrI kavi amara canda bI "amara" * ne bhI kI hai| zrApa likhate haiM:.. "tatkAlIna zUda jAtiyoM ko bhI bhagavAn ke dvArA bar3A sahArA prApta huzrA / bhagavAn vahAM bhI gae vahAM sarva prathama eka hI saMdeza le gae ki manuSya jAti eka hai usameM jAtapAta kI dRSTi se vibhAga kI kalpanA karanA kisI prakAra bhI ucita nahIM / UMca nIca ke sambandha meM bhagavAna ke vicAra karma mUlaka the, jAti mUlaka nahIM / bhagavAn zrAja ke upadezakoM ke samAna mAtra upadeza dekara hI raha gae hoM yaha bAta nahIM / harikezI jaise cANDAlo ko apane bhikSu saMgha meM sammAnapUrNa adhikAra dekara unhoMne jo kucha kahA vaha karake bhI dikhA diyA / zrAgama sAhitya meM eka udAharaNa aisA nahIM..milatA . jahAM bhagavAn kisI rAjA mahArAjA athavA brAhmaNa kSatriya, ke mahaloM meM virAje hoN| hAM pAlAsapura meM zabdAla kumhAra ke yahAM, virAjanA unakI patita bandhutA kA vaha ujjvala zrAdazaM hai jo koTi koTi varSoM taka abaraH amara raha kare saMsArako samabhAva' kA pATha par3hAtA rhegaa|" . . . . isa prakAra zAstrIya aitihAsika tathA anya pramANoM se zaThakoM , ko yaha bhalIbhA~ti patA cala gayA hogA ki anAdikAla se jaina dharma meM varSayavasthA kI maryAdA karma mUlaka hI..hI hai| banma : mUlapha nhiiN| zrAvakala kAryarUpa meM bo banma mUlaka banI huI hai yaha

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( 65 ) itara dharmo kA isa para prabhAva hai / jaina samAja ko cAhie ki vaha apane ucca siddhAntoM ko kabhI na bhUle | // bauddhoM meM varNavyavasthA || cauddha jAtakoM meM (vA) arthAt varNa zabda to zrAtA hai kintu usakA prayoga jAti ke artha meM nahIM kiyA gayA / "vaNNA" isa zabda se bauddha kAla meM varNavyavasthA kA astitva to spaSTa pratIta hotA hai kintu bauddhoM kI varNavyavasthA bhI jainiyoM kI taraha karmamUlaka thI janma mUlaka nahIM / koI bhI manuSya uttama karma se uttama varNa kA bana sakatA thA / bauddhadharma meM saba se uttama dharma kSatriya kA aura phira krameNa brAhmaNa vaizya aura zUdra kA mAnA jAtA hai / isa vyavasthA meM bhI bauddhadharma jaina dharma se bilkula samAnatA rakhatA hai / jaina dharma meM bhI vAstava meM uttama varNa kSatriya kA mAnA hai / laghvaI nIti zrAdi rAjanaitika tathA anya aneka jaina dharma granthoM meM yadyapi varNa vyavasthA kA krama brAhmaNa kSatriya vaizya zUdra hI diyA hai jisase vaidika varNavyavasthA kA hI puSTikaraNa hotA hai kintu zrAdi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabha svAmI kA mantavya binhoMne sarvaprathama rnigrantha pravacana ke anuyAiyoM ko maryAdA meM bAndhA thA ukta siddhAnta ko poSaNa naha karatA / zrAdipurANa meM likhA hai ki kSatriya vaizya aura zUdra ina tInoM varNoM kI vyavasthA RSabha deva ne aura brAhmaNa varNa kI vyavasthA RSabha deva ke putra bharata ne kI thii| jisa prakAra Rgveda meM brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIt, ityAdi maMtra se yaha spaSTa hai ki brahmA ke mukha se brAhmaNa bhujAnoM se kSatriya, uru se vaizya aura pairoM se zUdra paidA hue usI prakAra kI ina cAra varNoM kI utpatti jaina grantha zrAdi purANa meM bhI batAI gaI hai / zrAdi purANa meM likhA hai ki RSabhadeva ne hAtha

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( 66 ) meM talavAra lekara kSatriya varNa kI, uru se calane kA saMketa karate hue gaizyavarNa kI aura caraNoM se zUdoM kI utpatti kii| RSabha deva ke putra samrATa bharata ne zAstra par3hAte hue mukha se brAhmaNoM ko paidA kiyaa| . isa ke atirikta kalpasUtra meM jo mahAvIra svAmI kA jIvana caritra diyA gayA hai usase bhI jaina dharma meM kSatriya kI utkRSTatA siddha hotI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmo pahile devAnandA brAhmaNI ke garbha meM pAe / taba devatAoM ne socA ki sAre tIrthakara catriya ke uttama kula meM janma lene Ae haiM ataH yaha acchA nahIM huA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ko brAhmaNa ke kula meM janma lenA par3egA / devatAoM ne harinagamezI devatA ko garbha parivartana kA kArya sauNpaa| anta meM harinaigamezI devatA ne devAnandA brAhmaNI se usa garbha kA apaharaNa kiyA aura trizalA trAsI kI kokha meM usa garbha ko sthApanA kii| kucha vidvAnoM ne isa garbha parivartana ko asambhava mAnA hai aura kucha ne raja se vIrya kI pradhAnatA mAna kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko brAhmaNa batAyA hai kintu yahA~ hameM ina bAtoM se koI matalaba nahIM / yahAM kevala isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karane kA yahI abhiprAya hai. ki jaina dharma meM bhI boba dharma kI taraha kSatriya jAti ko UMcA mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma kyoMki baudharma se prAcIna hai ataH saMbhava hai ki varNavyavasthA kI isa maryAdA ko bauddhoM ne jainadharma se apanAyA ho! astu, bauda jAtakoM meM yatra tatra aise kaI kathAnaka milate haiM bina se bauddhadharma kA karmagata varNavyavasthA ko mAnanA siddha hotA hai / eka kathA meM eka kSatriya rAjakumAra kisI sundarI ke prema meM phaMsa kara kumhAra aura rasoiye prAdi ke kAma ko bhI karane lagatA hai| isI

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( 67 ) prakAra eka rAjakumAra apanI bahina ke liye rAja tyAga kara vaizya bana jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn gaisa DeviDasa apanI bauddha bhArata' Buddh ist India nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiM: "prAyaH sabhI samAjika mahatva kI zreNiyoM meM strI puruSoM ke pArasparika vivAhoM ke aneka udAharaNa purohitoM ke dharmagranthoM meM bhI pAe jAte haiM / kevala yahI nahIM kintu UMce varNoM ke puruSoM kA nIca parNa kI striyoM se vivAha aura nIcavarNa ke puruSoM kA UMce varNa kI kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha isa ke aneka udAharaNa pAe jAte haiM / " bahuna se vidvAnoM kA to kathana hai ki janmagata varNavyavasthA ke viruddha mahAtmA buddha ne jo prAvAja uThAI thI usI ke pariNAma svarUpa bauddha dharma vizra meM vyApaka rUpa se phailaa| mahAtmA buddha ke janma ke pUrva kAla meM janmagata varNavyavasthA bahuta bhaya naka rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue thii| usa samaya bhAratIya samAja meM brAhmaNa hI sarvasavA the| unhoMne janmagata barNavyavasthA kA pracAra karake. samAja meM anucita lAbha uThAyA, aura apanA svArtha middha kiyaa| unhoMne janmagata varNavyavasthA kI sthApanA karake cAroM vargoM ke liye pRthak pRthaka kAnUnoM kI racanA kI jinameM apane liye anucita dayA kI vyavasthA kI aura choTI jAtiyoM ke liye anucita kaThoratA kI vyavasthA dii| zUdra jAti ko atyAvazyaka zikSA zrAdi aneka bIvana kI suvidhAoM se vaMcita kiyaa| brAhmaNa varNa ke loga usa samaya apane ucca AcaraNa se patita hone laga gae the aura mAnavatA ko bhUla gae the| aise yuga meM mahAtmA buddha kA janma huaa| mahAtmA buddha ne andhavizvAsa, atyAcAra aura anyAya kA pUrNazakti se virodha kiyA aura logoM kA kalyANa kiyaa| isI satya kI puSTi karate

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( 68 ) hue suyogya vaidika vidvAn paM0 gaMgAprasAda jI ema. e. apanI 'dharma kA zrAdi zrota' nAmaka pustaka ke 36 pRSTha para likhate hai: "buddha ke prAdurbhAva ke kucha pUrva vaidikadharma ke itihAsa meM ghora andhakAra kA samaya thaa| veda aura upaniSadoM kA pavitra aura prazasta dharma avanata hokara nirarthaka kRtya aura hiMsApUrNa 'yajJAdi' kA svarUpa prahaNa kara cukA thaa| vaidika varNavyavasthA jo prArambha meM guNa karmAnusAra thI bigar3a kara vaMza paramparAgata jAtibheda meM parivartita ho gaI thii| isa kA yaha pariNAma huaA ki brAhmaNa logoM ne kevala 'janma se' apaneko bar3A mAna kara vedAdhyayana tathA una sadgranthoM ko tyAga diyA jinaka kAraNa unake pUrvajoM kI samucita pratiSThA kI jAtI thii| yaha sadAcArika aura dhArmika adhaH patana kevala brAhmaNoM taka hI sImita na raha skaa| sanyAsI loga bhI dhArmika-jJAna prAntarika pavitratA, madhurazIlatA prAdi bAteM chor3a kara tapasyA kA kevala bAharI zrADambara dikhalAne ko rakhate the| sAdhAraNa loga bhI vaise sIdhe, sacce, pavitra aura sadguNa sampanna na rahe jaise ki vaidika kAla meM the| ve lakIra ke phakIra aura vilAsa priyatA ke cele cana ge| prAcIna AryoM ke sAtvika bhojana kA sthAna prAmiSAhAra ne chIna liyaa| use zAstrokta siddha karane ke abhiprAya se yazoM meM pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA thA aura unake mAMsa se pAhuti dI jAtI thii| buddha ke prAdurbhAva ke samaya vaidikadharma yA yoM kahiye ki zrAoM kI mamAjika sthiti isa prakAra ko ho gaI thii| buddhadeva ke hRdaya para pazubali dAna aura jAtibheda ina do burAiyoM kA bar3A prabhAva pdd'aa| una kA komala aura prema-pUrNa hRdaya dharma ke nAma para itane niraparAtra pazuoM ke rakta pravAha ko na saha skaa| unakA pavitra zrAtmA isa

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[ 6] nikRSTa aura anyAyapUrNa jAtibheda ke viruddha saMgrAma karane ko udyata ho gayA / aura isameM unhoMne manuSyamAtra ke liye saccA prema aura unake aAdhAra ke liye vizeSa utsAha dikhaayaa| vastutaH yaha burAI itanI adhika ho gaI thI ki buddha bhagavAn ke pUrvavartI aneka granthakAroM ne bhI use burA kahA thaa| sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanaitika saba bAtoMmeM isa jAtibheda kI vyApakatA ho gaI thii| yahAM taka ki deza ke kAnUna para bhI usa kA prabhAva par3a cukA thaa| usa samaya brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke liye pRthak pRthaka kAnUna bana gae the / brAhmaNoM ke Upara anucita dayA aura zUdroM ke sAtha anucita kaThoratA kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thaa| ye bAteM bahuta dinoM taka nahIM Thahara sakatI thIM / zUdra kitane hI dhArmika aura guNavAn kyoM na hoM parantu na to unheM dhArmika zikSA dene kA hI kahIM prabandha thA aura na unakI samAja meM hI kucha pratikSA thii| ve loga ina ber3iyoM ko tor3a pheMkane ke avasara kI ta.ka meM baiThe the| ve isa nirdaya prathA ke paMje meM phaMse hue the, jisa ne unheM ucca sosAiTI ke saMsarga se burI taraha bahiSkRta kara rakhA thaa| unakI lAlasA thI ki isa sthiti meM parivartana ho / dvija arthAt brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizyoM meM bhI aise aneka uccAzaya udAra prakRti puruSa the jo unakI isa lAlasA se sahAnubhUti rakhate the| ataeva 'kAnti' kA samaya AgayA thA aura isa vicAra ke liye asAdhAraNa dUradarzitA kI AvazyakatA na thI ki samaya AvegA jaba loga isa hAnikara prathA ke viruddha yuddha macA kara apanI ber3iyoM ko tor3a ddaaleNge| vaha avasara prAgayA / rAjakulo. tpanna eka kSatriya ne ghoSaNA kI ki samAja meM manuSya kI sthiti janmase nahIM pratyuta guNoM se hotI hai / asaMkhya manuSya usake cAroM ora ekatrita ho gae / aisI dazA meM hama sahaja hI meM isa bAta kA anumAna kara sakate hai ki atyAcAra ke bhAra se dabe hue zudra loga kisa utsAha se unakI

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( 70 ) bAteM sunate hoMge / bahuta se dvijanmA Arya loga bhI unake pavitra dhArmika uddezya se sahamata ho gae aura bauddha dharma deza ke eka sire se dUsare sire taka phaila gyaa|" isa prakAra mahAtmA buddha ne jAma middha jAti-vyavasthA kA virodha aura khaNDana karake ucca kahalAne vAlI jAtiyoM ke anyAya aura atyAcAroM meM pisatI huI dalita jAti ko apane gale lagAyA / aura manuSya jAti ko mAnavatA kA saccA mArga pradarzita kiyA / agasta 1940 ke 'anekAnta' patra meM zrI hA. vI. ela jaina ne mahAtmA buddha ke ucca kula aura ucca jAti ke viSaya meM mahAvAkya isa prakAra diye haiN| "UMcI jAti, purAnA kula, bApa dAdA se pAyA huzrA dhana, putra pautra, rUpa raMga zrAdi kA jo abhimAna karatA hai| usake barAbara koI mUrkha nahIM / kyoMki ina ke pAne ke liye usane kaunasI buddhi kharca kii| kisI buddhimAn ne kahA hai ki jo loga bar3e gharAne ke hone kI DhoMga mArate haiM ve usa kutte ke sahaza haiM jo sUkhI haDDI nicor3a kara magana hotA hai|" mahAn puruSa ke lakSaNa hai-(1) jise dUsare kI nindA burI lagatI hai aura aisI bAta ko anasunI karake kisI se usakI carcA nahIM karatA / (2) jise apanI prazaMmA nahIM suhAtI para dUsare kI prazaMsA se harSa hotA hai| (3) jo dUsaroM ko sukha pahuMcAnA apane sukha se bar3ha kara samajhatA hai| (3) jo choToM se komalatA aura

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( 71 ) dayA bhAva tathA bar3oM se zrAdara satkAra ke sAtha vyavahAra karatA hai| aise puruSa ko mahApuruSa kahate haiM / kevala dhana yA UMcA kula yA jAti aura adhikAra se mahAnatA nahIM aatii|" aneka yogya vidvAn aura deza hitaiSI puruSa jinakI kIrti kI dhvajA hajAroM varSa se saMsAra meM phaharA rahI hai, prAyaH nIce kula se utpanna hue the / UMce kula aura UcI jAti kA hone se bar3AI nahIM aatii| prakRti para dhyAna karo to yahI dazA jar3akhAna taka calI gaI hai ki choTI vastuoM meM bar3e ratna hote haiM-dekho kamala kIcar3a se hI nikalatA hai, sonA miTTI se, motI sIpa se, rezama kIr3e se, jaharamoharA meMDaka se, kastUrI mRga se, aAga lakar3I se, mIThA zahada makkhI se, ("mahAtmA buddha") isa ke atirikta bauddhoM meM jo zuddhi kA pracAra thA vaha karma mUlaka varNavyavasthA ke kAraNa hI cala skaa| yadi bauddhoM meM zuddhi kA pracAra na hotA tN| bauddha dharma itanA mahAn dharma kabhI na bana pAtA jitanA ki Aja hai| isa prakAra vaidika, jaina bauddha ina tInoM mahAn dharmoM meM varNavyavasthA prAraMbha se hI janma se nahIM mAnI jAtI thI kintu isakA aAdhAra yogyatA para avalambita thA / jo manuSya vidyA, satya, sadAcAra, adhyayana aura adhyAtmika vidyA meM utkRSTa yogyatA prApta kara letA thA vaha brAhmaNa bana jAtA thA, jo vIratA ke kAma meM naipuNya prApta karatA thA vaha kSatriya kahalAtA thA, bo vANijya aura zilpakalA meM prakhyAti prApta karatA thA vaha vaizya kahalAtA thA aura jo sevAbhAva meM apanA jIvana lagAtA thA usako loga zUdra samajhate the / tInoM dharmoM ke siddhAnta kisI bhI vyakti ko devayoga se zUdra kula

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( 72 ) meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa prAjanma nIca kArya karane ko vAdhya nahIM karate the / mAnava samAja kA saMgaThana yogyatA aura utkRSTatA ke siddhAntoM para avalambita thaa| dezakAla aura paristhiti ke parivartana ke kAraNa vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM dharmoM meM bhedaka vicAra avazya utpanna hote gae kintu tInoM ke antastala meM eka hI saMskRti kI jhalaka pUrvavat hI vidyamAna hai| zuddha bhAratIya jIvana rekhA ati prAcInakAla se tInoM dharmoM kA prAdhAra rahI hai / aneka yugoM se bhArata ke jIvana ke pravAha ko prasArita karane vAlI saritA eka hI hai| kintu pravAha bhinna hai| eka hI vRkSa kI aneka zAkhAyeM hai aura eka hI sUrya kI aneka kiraNe haiN|

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SKWEKERKEKEKEKEKKEL ULL jaina dharma meM strI kA sthAna KAIKKEKAKKAKAKKER aneka sadiyoM se bhArata kI prAyaH sabhI jAtiyoM aura dharmoM meM stro kA sthAna bahuta gira cukA hai / usako manuSya se nIcI zreNI kA samajhA bAne lagA hai aura aneka sAmAjika suvidhAe jo puruSa ko prApta hai strI una se vaMcita hai / purAnI rUr3hiyoM ke raGga meM raGga hue aura apane ko eka mAtra prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kA khaz2AnA mAnane vAle bahuta se loga aAja bhI jaba ki saMsAra ke aura bhAgoM ke loga bahuta Age bar3ha cuke haiM strI jAti ko puruSoM kI kAma vAsanA kI tRpti kA sAdhana yA santAnotpatti kI mazIna mAtra samajhate haiN| usako abalA kahA jAtA hai aura aneka durguNa usake sira para lAde jAte haiN| bahuta se doSa to prAkRtika rUpa meM janma se hI usameM mAne jAte haiM / manu mahArAja jI likhate haiM ki: svabhAva eva nArINAM nArANAmiha dUSaNam / ato'rthAnna pramAdayanti pramadAsu vipazcitaH / / avidvAMsamalaM loke vidvAnsamapi vA punaH / pramadA jhutpathaM netu kAmakrodhavazAnugam / / arthAt:- isa loka meM puruSoM ko vikAra grasta kara denA yaha to nAriyoM kA svabhAva hI hai isI liye buddhimAn puruSa nAriyoM ko prorase kabhI asAvadhAna nahIM rahate / saMsArameM koI mUrkha ho,cAhe vidvAn kAmakrodha ke vazIbhUta hue puruSa ko striyAM anAyAsa kumArga meM lejA sakatI hai|

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( 74 ) isa kathana meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki strI kA yaha svabhAva hI hai ki puruSa ko dUSita karade / usako kumArga kI ora le bAya / puruSa ko yaha cetAvanI dI gaI hai ki vaha strI se sadA sAvadhAna rahe / puruSa strI se uttama no ThaharA / vaha na to svabhAva se strI ko dUSita kara sakatA hai aura na use kumArga kI ora le jA sakatA hai / vAstava meM bAta yaha hai ki sadiyoM se rAjyasattA aura lekhanI donoM puruSoM ke hAtha meM rahI hai| usane apanI suvidhA ke anusAra jaisA ThIka samajhA vaisA sAmAjika niyama banAyA aura likha DAlA / strI jAti ko usane aise Arthika baMdhana meM bAMdhA hai ki use svatantratA meM kArya karane kI bAta to dUra rahI kintu svatantrarUpa se socane kI suvidhA bhI na rhii| mAnasika vRttiyoM ke ucita vikAsa ke lie saba se paramAvazyaka zikSA hotI hai / samAja ko avanati ke garta meM girAne vAle loga strI zikSA kA bhI virodha karane lage aura bahuta kAla taka vyApakarUpa se striyoM ko zikSA se vaMcita rahanA pdd'aa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki hindu samAba dinoMdina avanati kI ora bar3hatI gaI aura anta meM gulAmI taka kI naubata AI / bahuta sI bAtiyAM Apatti prAne para apanI bhUloM ko pahacAna letI hai aura unheM punaH duharAtI nhiiN| hamAre durbhAgya se yA ajJAnatA se hama paravazatA ke lambe samaya meM bhI apanI bhUloM ko na sudhAra sake aura unake duSpariNAmoM meM pisate rhe| astu, mere kahane kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaba hama strI jAti ke vAstava gaurava ko bhUla gae to hameM bar3I hAni uThAnI pdd'ii| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki samaya 2 para bhAratIya rAjanItijJoM tathA anya suyogya vidvAnoM ne strI jAti ko bahuta UMcA uThAyA hai kintu nIcA sthAna dene vAle vidvAnoM ne to isa bAti para vizeSa

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( 75 ) hI kRpA kI hai / ve kahate haiM ki stro yadi kurUpa ho yA anya koI sAdhAraNa bhI doSa ho to puruSa ko adhikAra hai ki turaMta kisI dUsarI sudarI se apane ghara kI zobhA bar3hA sakatA hai / aura yadi eka se santuSTa nahIM to dasa, bIsa pacAsa sau jitanI bhI cAhe apanI vAsanA pUrti ke lie rakha sakatA hai kintu strI kA pati to: duHzIlo durbhago vRddho jar3o rogyadhano'pivA / patiH strobhina hAtabhyaH........... .......... // arthAt:-pati cAhe krUra svabhAva kA ho, abhAgA ho, vRddha ho mUrkha ho. rogI athavA nirdhana ho patnI ko cAhiye ki vaha kabhI usakA syAga na kre| pati kI mRtyu ho jAne para strI ko avazya usake sAtha satI ho jAnA cAhie kyoMki aisA karane se hI aAgAmI jIvana meM usI pati ko pA sakatI hai / yaha Adarza puruSa ne kevala strI ke lie hI rijarva rakhA hai| yadi strI kI mRtyu ho jAe to puruSa ko usake sAtha bala marane kA kahIM vidhAna nahIM hai / use dUsare janma meM vahI isa banma pAlI patnI mile yaha cintA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / aisI cintA strI jAti ke hI hisse meM hI AtI hai| ___itanA hI nahIM godAna, kanakadAna, aura rajatadAna kI taraha strI dAna kA bhI vidhAna milatA hai / bahupatnI vAle yajamAnoM se sundara paliyoM ke har3apane ke liye ucca kulotpanna prAcAryoM ne suranta isa mahAmantra kI racanA kara dii| sarveSveva dAneSa bhAryAdAnaM vishissyte|

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( 76 ) arthAt saba dAnoM se uttama dAna bhAryAdAna karane kA hai / isa prakAra strI ko rupaye paise kI taraha dAna kI sAmagrI bhI banAyA gayA / na ke lobhI gharAnoM meM to kanyA kI vikrI zrAjakala bhI pracalita hai / putra ke janma para loga badhAI dene zrAte haiM aura kanyA ke janma para saba kI nAnI mara jAtI hai / jina striyoM ke saba kanyAyeM utpanna hotI haiM loga unake darzana karanA pApa samajhate haiM aura pati / unako chor3akara dUsare vivAha kara lete haiM jisa strI ke koI santAna na hotI ho to doSa cAhe puruSa kA hI ho kintu vaha bhI strI ke gale mar3ha diyA jAtA hai| nava vivAhitA vadhU ke Ane ke bAda ghara meM yadi koI durghaTanA ho jAe to vaha bhI usI becArI ke karmoM kA pariNAma samajhA jAtA hai| adhika kahAM taka likhA bAya duniyA bharake doSa strI para thope jAte haiM / mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM likhA hai: antakaH patrano mRtyuH pAtAlaM vaDavAmukham / turadhArA viSaM sarpo vahnirityekataH striyaH ||38|26 arthAtH - bama, vAyu, mRtyu pAtAla, vaDavAnala, chure kI dhAra, viSa, sarpa aura zrama ke sAtha nArI kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai / cirakAla se cale zrAte strI jAti ke isa apamAna ke pravAha meM parama bhakta mahAtmA kabIra dAsa bhI baha gae / z2arA una kI vicAra dhArA para dhyAna DAliye: nArI kI jhAMI parata aMdhA hota bhujaMga, kabIra tina kI kauna gati, nita nAri ke saMga //

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( 77 ) kAminI sundara sarpiNI, jo cher3e tihi khAya / je guru caranana raciyA, tinake nikaTa na jAya // para nArI nI charI mati koI lAve aGga / rAvaNa ke dasa sira gae, para nArI ke mngg| nAri nirakhi na dekhiye, nirakhi na kIje daura / dekhe hote viSa car3he, mana Avai kachu aura / / nAri nAhiM jama ahai, tU mana rAce jAya / maMjAro jyoM bolikai, kAr3hi kalejA khAya / nainoM kAjara pAike gAr3he bAMdhe kesa, hAthoM mahaMdI lAIka, vAghini khAyA desa // isa prakAra samAja ko avanati kI ora le jAne vAle andha vizvAsI aura saMkucitavRtti ke kUpamaMDUkoM kI kRpA se bhArata meM strI ko aneka kutsita apamAnoM kA bhAjana vananA par3A hai / aisI sthiti meM yadi bhAratIya nArI apanI jAti ko pApa karmoM kA phala yA aizvarIya abhizApa samajhe to svAbhAvika hI hai| parantu aba vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki kyA anAdikAla se vAstava meM strI jAti ko isI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA rahA hai ? isakA uttara yahIM milatA hai-kadApi nahIM / isa meM sandeha nahIM ki cirakAla se strI jAti ko aneka yantraNAzro kA sAmanA karanA par3A hai aura usane bar3e 2 rAkSasI apamAna sahe haiM kintu vAstava meM jaba hama bhAratIya saMskRti kI gaharAI taka pahuMcate hai to strI jAti kA sthAna bahuta UMcI pAte haiM / puruSa kI saba kriyAeM strI ke binA apUrNa hotI haiN| kriyAyeM hI kyoM vaha svayaM usake binA apUrNa hai| patnI ko 'ardhAGginI' arthAt puruSa kA aAdhA aGga mAnA jAtA hai / ataH puruSa strI ke binA pUrNAGga nahIM kahA jA sakatA viSNu purANa ke cauthe adhyAya meM likhA hai :

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( 5 ) ardhanArI naravapuH pracaNDo'ti zarIravAn / vibhajAtmAnamityuktvA taM brahmAntardadhe tataH // arthAt sRSTi ke prArambha meM rudra prAdhe zarIra se puruSa aura zrAdhe se strI hue| yaha devakara brahmA ko santoSa huA aura unhoM ne kahA ki aba ima kA vibhAga karo aura sRSTi claao| kisI bhI vastu kA yadi vibhAga kara diyA jAya to usake mUlAdhAra meM pharaka nahIM par3a sakatA / eka vizAla saritA ke aneka pravAha hone para bhI mUlazrota eka hI rahatA hai| isa prakAra strI aura puruSa donoM kA mUla AdhAra eka hI hai ataeva donoM samAna haiM / donoM meM U~ca nIca koI nhiiN| isI prakAra bhaviSya purANa ke sAtaveM adhyAya meM likhA hai: pumAnaddhapumAMstAvadyAvadbhAryA na vindati / / arthAt: - puruSa kA zarIra taba taka pUrNatA ko prAsa nahIM kara sakatA jaba taka ki usake zrAdhe aGga ko patnI Akara nahIM bhara detii| usI purANa meM eka aura aisA hI zloka zrAtA hai:___ekacakro ratho yadvadekapakSo yathAkhagaH / zramAryoM'pi narastadvadayogyaH sarva karmasu / / arthAt:-jaise eka pahiye kA ratha nahIM cala sakatA aura eka paMkha se koI padI ur3a nahIM sakatA isI prakAra bhAryA se rahita puruSa bhI kisI bhI kAma ko karane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| gRhasthAzrama bhI eka ratha ke samAna hai jisa ke strI aura puruSa do pahiye haiN| donoM pahiye samAna aura dRr3ha hoMge tabhI jIvanayAtrA sucArurUpa se cala sakatI hai| donoM meM se yadi eka bhI borA yA

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( saMha ) kamajora hogA to kahIM bhI jIvana yAtrA bhaMga ho sakatI hai / zrataeva gRhasthAzrama ke ratha kI sundara gati ke liye strI aura puruSa donoM kA samAna rUpa se r3ha aura sabala honA paramAvazyaka hai / strI 'zakti' hai to puruSa usa zakti kA saMcAlaka hai / zakti 'abalA' nahIM ho sakatI / vaha 'sabalA' hai / hamAre deza meM siMha ko vAhana banAne vAlI durgA kI pUjA hotI hai jo zakti kA devatA mAnI jAtI hai | bhArata meM yadi strI abalA vana gaI hai to yaha hamArI sAmAjika vyavasthA yA paddhati kA pariNAma hai / hamAre samAja kA nirmANa hI isa prakAra kA hai ki puruSa paurupa pradhAna hai aura strI Arthika bandhanoM meM jakar3I huI dAsI ke samAna hai jise aneka sadiyoM se vyApakarUpa meM apanI zaktiyoM kA vikAsa karane kA maukA nahIM diyA gyaa| jaba kabhI maukA diyA gayA to puruSa ke barAbara rahane kI to bAta hI kyA hai kaI bAra vaha una se bhI Age bar3ha jAtI hai / vAstava meM prAraMbha meM strI yA puruSa kisI ko bhI jisa DhAMce meM DAla diyA jAya vaha vaisA hI bana jAtA hai / jahAM puruSoM ko AjIvikA ke liye kaThina parizrama karanA par3atA hai vahAM puruSa balavAn aura striya nirbala raha jAtI haiM aura jahAM puruSa kI apekSA striyeM kaThina zArIrika parizrama karatI hai vahAM puruSa nirbala raha jAte haiM aura striyAM balavatI hotI haiM / Aja aisI aneka pahAr3I jAtiyeM haiM jina meM puruSa ghara kA kAma saMbhAlate haiM aura striyeM bAhara ke kRSi zrAdi kaThina kArya ko karatI hai / vahAM striya~ balavatI hotI haiM aura puruSa nirbala / zrataeva striyoM kA balApana koI svAbhAvika doSa nahIM hai kintu sAmAjika jIvana ke saMgaThana kA pariNAma hai / prAcIna itihAsa aura dharma granthoM ke par3hane se patA calatA hai

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( 80 ) ki jaba 2 strI jAti ko usakI zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke liye ucita maukA diyA gayA to vaha kisI kSetra meM puruSa se kama nahIM rho| jina kAryoM ko puruSoM ne kiyA unako striyAM bhI kara letI thiiN| vidyA ke kSetra meM hI dekhiye / jisa prakAra vedoM meM prAcInatama Rgveda ke maMtroM ke banAne vAle yA draSTA (puruSa) RSi the isI prakAra lomazA, ghoSA, vizvAvArA indrANI aura ApAlI Adi striyAM bhI vedamaMtroM kI RSi thiiN| gArgI aura sarasvatI kI vidvattA se saba paricita haiM hii| Aja kala bhI amerikA meM bhArata kI rAjadUta zrI vijaya lakSmI paNDita aura svargIya uttara pradeza kI gavarnara zrImatI sarojanI nAyaDU kI vidvattA se kaunasA bhAratIya paricita nahIM hai / bhArata hI kyoM bhArata kI ina bhartaya mAtAoM kI vidvattA vizvabhara meM prakhyAta hai| isI prakAra videzoM meM bhI maiDala kyUrI zrAdi aneka mahilAoM ne vijJAna kSetra meM bar3e 2 aviSkAra karake kamAla kara diyA hai / isI prakAra vIratA ke kSetra meM bhI strI puruSa se pIche nahIM rhii| puruSoM kI bhAnti striyAM bhI bar3e 2 saMgrAmoM meM vIratA dikhAtI zrAI haiM / mudgala patnI indrasenA ne bar3I caturAI se saMgrAma meM ratha hAMkA thA aura bar3I vIratA se usa ne indra ke zatruoM kA nAza kiyA thaa| astra saMcAlana kalA meM vaha bar3I pravINa mAnI jAtI thii| jaba zatru gaUeM curAkara jAne lage isa vIra nArI ne una se aisA yuddha kiyA ki ve gaueM vaha chor3akara apanI jAna lekara bhaage| purAne samaya ko chor3akara bhArata para mug2ala aura aMgarez2I zAsana ke kucha udAharaNa lIjiye / rAnI durgAvatI ne Asafakho ko kaise saMgrAma bhUmi meM pachAr3A thaa| amarasiMha rAThaura kI vIrapatnI kisa prakAra lar3ate lar3ate apane pati kI lAza mug2ala korTa se uThA lAI thii| kohApura kI rAnoM tArAbAI, raktakArana bI kI anuvAI,

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( 81 ) indaura ko grahalyAbAI tathA jhAMsI kI vIrAMganA rAnI lakSmIbAI ne bar3I hI caturAI se rAjya zAsana bhI calAyA aura yuddha bhI kiye / tArAbAI kI kUTanIti ke kAraNa zraraGgaz2eba ko burI taraha mAra khAnI par3I / anubAI ne aneka bAra zatrutroM ko harAyA / lakSmIbAI ne aMgarejoM ke nAka meM dama kara diyA thA / puruSa kI taraha rAjyasattA bhI striyoM ke hAtha meM raha cukI hai aura use bar3I pravINatA se ve calAtI rahI haiM / dakSiNa bhArata meM kucha zilAlekha aise mile haiM jina se striyoM kA rAjyazAsana meM bhAga lenA siddha hotA hai / sAtavIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga meM cAlukya vaMza ke rAjA zrAditya kI mahiSI vijayamadArikA bambaI ke dakSiNa meM rAjya karatI thI / 1053 IsvI meM cAlukya rAjA somezvara kI mahArAnI mailAdevI banavAsI prAnta para rAjya karatI thI / jayasiMha tRtIya kI bahina akkAdevI 1022 IsvI meM kisukada jile para rAjya karatI thI / 1076 I0 meM vijayAditya kI bahina kuMkumadevI karnATaka ke dhAravAr3a jile para zAsana karatI thI / isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki zAsana kArya meM bhI strI puruSa kI bhAMti hI bar3I paTu rahI hai aura bar3I gaMbhIratA se rAjya ke saba kAryoM kA saMpAdana karatI rahI hai / isa prakAra zikSA, vijJAna, bIratA aura rAjyazAsana Adi sabhI sAmAjika kSetroM meM strI puruSa ke samAna hI prakhyAti prApta karatI AI hai / phira koI aisA kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA ki striyoM kA puruSoM ke samAna sammAna na kiyA jAya / zrAcaraNa, sahanazIlatA, tyAga, tapasyA, prema, kRtajJatA, sAhasa, sevA aura zraddhA ina guNoM meM to samAnatA nahIM kara sakatA / sItA, sAvitrI, pArvatI, Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat karuNA, upakAra, puruSa bhI strI kI draupadI aura dama www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 82 ) yantI Adi aneka hindU mahilAoM ke caritra isa satya ke alanta udAharaNa haiM / rAvaNa jaba sItA ko balAt uThA kara le gayA to laMkA meM jAkara usane sItA ko bahuta lAlaca diye, prArthanA kI aura bahuta DarAyA bhI kintu usa ke kahane kI bilkula avahelanA karate hue sItA ne jo kucha kahA vaha bhAratIya nArI ke gaurava ko sadA bar3hAtA rahegA / sItA ne kahA: - caraNenApi savyena na spRzeyaM nizAcaram / rAvaNaM kiM punarahaM kAmayeyaM vigarhitam // -- arthAtH - isa nizAcara rAvaNa se prema karane kI bAta to dUra rahI maiM to ise apane bAMe paira se bhI nahIM chU sakatI / isI prakAra prajA ke anuraMjana ke liye rAma ne apanI prANavallabhA sItA ko bana meM tyAgane kA nizcaya kara liyA / sItA usa samaya garbhavatI thI / jaMgala meM chor3ane kA bhAra lakSmaNa para chor3A gayA aura sItA ko yaha rahasya ghara para nahIM batAyA gayA / jaMgala meM chor3ate hue lakSmaNa ne jaba sItA ko yaha batAyA ki rAma ne usakA tyAga kara diyA hai to sItA ko yaha vajrapAta ke samAna lagA janatA ke samakSa sItA kI agni parIkSA ho cukI thI aura yaha siddha ho cukA thA ki usa kA caritra nirmala thA phira usapara saMdeha kyoM kiyA jAya ? phira garbhAvasthA kA samaya / kitanA kaThina hai aisI ghora vipatti meM dhIraja rakhanA ? parantu sItA mAnatI thI ki usa ke pati maryAdA puruSottama hai / ve usakA burA kabhI nahIM cAha sekate / usane lakSmaNa se kahA : -- kalyANa vuddherathavA tavAyaM na kAmacAro mayi zaMkanIyaH / mamaiva janmAntarapAtakAnAM vipAkavisphUrjathura prameyaH // Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat . www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 83 ) zrayAt:- rAma kalyANa buddhi Thahare ve apane priya pAtroM ke kalyANa kI kAmanA karane vAle haiN| vaha mere liye kisI prakalyANa kI vastu kI kyA kabhI kalpanA bhI kara sakate haiM / yaha saba mere hI janmAntara ke pApoM kA phala hai| ye haiM uccAvaraNa aura sahanazIlatA ko parAkASThA ke Adarza udAharaNa jo bhArata kI nAriyoM ne saMsAra ke sAmane rakhe haiN| kalA kauzana aura bhautika vidyA meM to pAzcAtya dezoM ko mahilAeM bhI bar3I unnati kara gaI haiM kintu bhAratIya nArI meM jo khAsa vizeSatA hai vaha hai brahma vidyA ke kSetra meM utarane kI ! yaha tapasyApUrNa AdhyAtmika vizeSatA anya deza kI striyoM meM kama hI milatI hai / yAjJavalkya RSi saMsAra ke jIvana se virakta haiN| gae / jaba vaha araNya meM jAne lage to unhoMne apanI patnI maitreyI se jAne kI AjJA maaNgii| maitreyI ko aizvarya dhana daulata dete hue yAjJavalkya ne kahA ki tuma saMsAra meM raha kara sa pana aura zAntimaya jIvana vyatIta karanA / isake uttarameM maitreyI ne kahA:yenAhaM nAmRtA syAM tenAhaM kiM kuryAm // (vRhadAraNyaka) arthAt:- kyA maiM isa dhana daulata se amara ho jAU~gI jisase mujhe amaratA prApta na ho usa vastu ko lekara maiM kyA karU~gI 1 bhogoM meM kabhI zAnti nahIM milA krtii| bhArata kI strI ke isa prakArake prAdhyAsmika aura satyapUrNa udAharaNa strI jAti ke mahAn gaurava ko sadA bar3hAte rheNge| ___isa prakAra jaba hama prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya kA vizleSaNa karate haiM aura usa kI gaharAI taka pahuMcate haiM to isa nirNaya para pahu~cate

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( 84 ) haiM ki bhArata kI saMskRti meM strI kA sthAna bahuta U~cA hai| puruSa aura strI donoM kA sambandha anyonyAzrita hai / donoM eka dUsare ke binA nahI raha skte| puruSa janaka hai to stro jananI hai| bhAratIya saMskRti meM jananI kA sthAna bahuta U~cA hai: jananI janmabhUmizca, svargAdapi garIyasI // arthAt:- janana aura janmabhUmi ye donoM svarga se bhI bar3ha kara haiM / jahAM aura bahuta se deza apane deza ko pitRbhUmi kahate haiM hama apane deza ko mAtRbhUmi ke nAma se pukArate haiN| yaha mAtRtva ke prati asIma zraddhA kA hI pariNAma hai ki bhAratIya dvanda nAmoM meM bho prathama sthAna strI ko diyA jAtA hai| jaise- sItA rAma, rAdhAkRSNa, gaurIzaMkara, strI puruSa aura mAtA pitA aadi| ina saba nAmoM meM strI kA sthAna pahile hai| isa kA kAraNa yahI hai ki strI meM mAtRtva kA mAdhurya aura mahatva hai / puruSa usa ke binA kucha nahIM kara sakatA aura vaha puruSa ko sanmArga dikhAne vAlI hai aura usa ke bhaviSya kA nirmANa karane vAlI hai / jisa rASTra kI mAtAeM suyogya hoM vahAM mahApuruSa janma lete haiM / bhagavAn rAma, kRSNa, mahAvIra, buddha aura gAMdhI Adi aneka mahAtmAoM aura mahApuruSoM ko mAtAzroM ne hI janma diyA ataeva manu mahArAja ke isa mahAvAkya ko kabhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye:yatra nAryastu pUjyante, ramante tatra devatAH / yatratAstu na. pUjyante, sarvAstatrA'phalAH kriyAH // manu zra. 3 zloka 56. arthAt:- jisa kisI bhI kula meM striyoM kA pUjana yA prAdara satkAra bhalI prakAra hotA hai usa kula para devatA taka prasanna rahate hai|

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( 85 ) aura jahAM striyoM kA apamAna hotA hai vahAM sabhI karma niSphala hote haiM / Age phira manu jI likhate haiM:zovanti jAmayo yatra vinazyAtyAzu tatkulam / na zo vanti tu yatratAH vardhate taddhi sarvadA / manu. a. 3, zloka 57. arthAt:- jisa kisI kula kI bahubeTiyAM kisI prakAra kA kleza pAtI hai vaha kula zoghra hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| kintu jahAM para inheM kisI taraha kA kleza nahIM hotA vaha kula saba prakAra sukha sampanna rahA karatA hai| // jaina dharma meM // ___ strI ke liye aAhata sthAna dene vAle vaidika dharma kI taraha jaina dharma meM bhI strI ko bahuta U~cA sthAna diyA gayA hai / kisI bhI saMskRti kI uccatA kI kasauTI strI ke prati tatkAlIna samAja kA vyavahAra hai| jaina saMskRti meM anAdikAla se strI jAti ko bar3e Adara satkAra aura zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai / jainadharma ke avatAroM ko tIrthakara nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara kA artha hai tIrthoM kI sthApanA karane vaale| tIrtha cAra haiM, zrAvaka, zrAvikA, sAdhu aura sAdhvI / zrAvaka ke sAtha zrAvikA ko aura sAdhu ke sAtha sAdhvI ko samAna rUpa se dharmAcaraNa kI AjJA dI hai / samyagdarzana, samyagajJAna, aura samyag cAritra ye tIna jaina dharma ke ratna mAne jAte haiN| ina tInoM ko ucita rIti se jIvana meM utArane ke liye zikSA nitAnta zrAvazyaka hai jisa kA vidhAna jainadharma meM strI aura puruSa donoM ke liye samAna hai| jainadharma granthoM meM likhA hai Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ke

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( 86. ) liye lekhana kalA kA AviSkAra kiyaa| unhIM kI putrI ke nAma para lipi kA nAma brAhmI pdd'aa| Aja kala jo nAgarI lipi pracalita hai isa kA prAcIna nAma brAhmI hai / isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jainiyoM ke to Adi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva bhI puruSa kI bhAMti strI ko suzikSita banAnA paramAvazyaka samajhate the| ataH jena samAja meM strI zikSA kA pracAra aura adhikAra anAdikAla se calA pAtA hai / nandottarA nAma kA jaina zrAvikA kI vidvattA se kauna jaina paricita nhiiN| vaha zAstrArtha ke niye bahuta prakhyAta thaa| usane ho bauddhAcArya mahAmaudgalyAyana se zAstrArtha kiyA thaa| suramaMjarI aura guNamAlA ye donoM vaizya knyaa| vaidyaka zAstra kI bar3I paNDitAeM thiiN| isa se yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki strI cikitsA ke liye vaidyakazAstra meM kuzala stra cikitsaka mila sakatI thIM aura uttama kula kI kanyAeM vaidyaka vyavasAya ko prasannatApUrvaka apanAtI thIM / kSatracUr3AmaNi kAvya meM likhA hai ki jIvaMdhara kI mAtA mayUra yantra nAmaka vAyuyAna meM ur3anA sIkhA karatI thii| isa se spaSTa hai ki kaThina se kaThina zArIrika kAma karane meM bhI striyAM saMkoca nahIM karatI thiiN| aura puruSa ke samAna hI mazInarI kA sacAlana aura usa kA jJAna prApta karanA apane liye prAvazyaka samajhatI thiiN| isa se jaina sabhyatA ke yovana kAla meM vAyuyAna jaise kisI yaMtra ke astitva kA patA calatA hai| * vivAha . kanyAeM jaba par3ha likha kara pUrNa yuvAvasthA ko prApta ho jAtI thI tabhI una kA vivAha saMskAra kiyA jAtA thaa| bAla vivAha ko bahuta burA mAnA jAtA thaa| yadi pitA kisI kAraNa se bITI umara meM kanyA kI sagAI kara bhI detA thA to kanyA ko yuvAvasthA taka pahuMcane

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( 87 ) taka usakA vivAha roka rakhA jAtA thA / kanakalatA ko isI kAraNa apane nirdiSTa pati se pRthak rahane kI zrAzA dI gaI thI / vaise to kanyA kA pitA bhI suyogya vara DhU~Dha detA thA kintu svayaMvara kI prathA uttama mAnI jAtI thI / kanyA apane guNa, karma aura svabhAva ke anukUla yogya vara cuna sakatI thI / vaha vara kisI bhI jAti kA ho isa kI cintA nahIM kI jAtI thI: kanyA vRNIte rucitaM svayaMvara gatA varam / kulInamakulInaM vA kramo nAsti svayaMvare // ( hari0 jinadAsakRta ) arthAtH - svayaMvara meM gaI huI kanyA apanI ruci ke anukUla suyogya vara ko cuna letI hai / vaha vara uccakula kA ho yA nIcakula kA isa kA vicAra nahIM kiyA jAtA isa prakAra jainadharma meM vivAha kA kSetra itanA vizAla thA ki kulInatA, akulInatA ucca yA nIca varNa yA bhinna dharma kA koI pratibandha na thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki rAjA zreNika ne brAhmaNI se vivAha kara liyA thA aura vaizya putra bIvaMdhara kumAra ne kSatriya kI kanyA gandharvadattA ko svayaMvara meM vivAhA thA / vaNika putra prItaMkara ne apanA vivAha rAjA jayasena kI putrI ke sAtha kiyA thA / nanda rAjA mahAnandI kI rAniyoM meM eka zUdrA rAnI bhI thii| isI taraha dharma kI bhinnatA bhI vivAha meM bAdhaka nahIM bana sakatI thI / vasumitra zreSThI jaina the kintu una kI patnI dhanazrI jaina tho| puNyavardhana jaina thA kintu usakI patnI vizAkhA bauddha thI / zreNika ke pitA ne apanA vivAha eka bhIla kanyA se kiyA thA / isI taraha cArudatta kA vivAha eka vezyAputrI ke sAtha huA thA / isa prakAra prAcIna jaina samAja meM vivAha ke liye

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( 88 ) vizeSa bandhana na the| strI jAti ko bar3a svatantratA thI aura vivAha kA kSetra bahuta vizAla thaa| // paradA prathA // manovaijJAnika dRSTi se paradA hAnikAraka hA siddha hotA hai| jisa vastu ko jitanA adhika chipane kI koziza kI nAya utanI hI dekhane vAloM kI utkaNThA use dekhane ke liye bar3hatI hai / parde ke andara chipA huzrA strI kA mukhamaNDala darzanecchukake citta ko becaina kara detA hai / manuSya uma ke darzana ke liye patA nahIM kyA 2 vikRta vicAra apane mana meM lAtA hai aura taraha 2 kA abhinaya karatA hai| yadi vahI mukha maNDala khulA ho to vyartha kI utkaMThA se sabhI mukta rahate haiM / aba dekhanA yaha hai ki parde kA kAraNa vAstava meM hai kyA ? kucha logo kA kahanA hai ki parde se strI ke zIlakI rakSA hotI hai / ve loga strI kI ATe ke dIpaka ke sAtha tulanA karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki jisa prakAra ATe ke dIpaka ko andara rakkho to cUhoM kA Dara bAhara rakkho to kautroM kaa| ThIka isI prakAra kA Dara strI ko bhI hai, isa liye use lukAkara hI rakhanA cAhiye aura isa meM usake nAma 'lugAI' kI bhI sAryakatA hai| parantu vAstava meM isa prakAra ke vicAra bhramapUrNa hI siddha hote haiM / pardA zIla kI rakSA meM koI sahAyatA nahIM kara sakatA / zIla kI rakSA ke liye to jJAnabala aura prAtmabala kI zrAvazyakatA hai| jo strI pAtivratya dharma ke mahatva ko acchI taraha samajhato hai aura usakA pAlana karatI hai vaha naMge badana bhale hI kahIM bhI phire kisI puruSa kI kyA zakti hai ki umapara kudRSTi DAla ske| yadi strI ke vicAra hI dUSita hoM bhale hI zrApa usako kitane pardo meM rakheM zrApa usake zIla kI rakSA karane meM kabhI bhI saphala nahIM ho

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( 86 ) skeNge| zIla kI rakSA bAhya bandhanoM se nahIM ho sakegI kintu mAnasika bandhanoM se ho sakatI hai| ataeva zIla kI rakSA ke liye parde kA apanAnA sarvathA vRthA hai / isa ke atirikta parde kI prathA strI ke svAsthya ke liye bhI bahuta hAnikAraka hai / hama dekhate haiM ki aAja jina prAntoM aura jAtiyoM meM pardekI prathA bhayAnaka rUpa dhAre hue hai unakI striyAM kamajora, azikSita aura aneka bhayAnaka rogoM se grasta pAI jAtI haiM / ve zrAdarza gRhiNI banane ke prAyaH sabhI guNoM se vaJcita hotI haiM / mere vicAra se pardA prathA hamArI apanI cIja nahIM hai. kintu dIrgha kAla ke yavana zAsana se hamAre meM AI hai / astu-prAcIna jainadharma isa parde kI kuprathA ke roga se mukta thA / jaina mahilAeM ghara kI cAradIvArI kI jela meM banda nahIM kI jAtI thIM / ve ghara se bAhira kAma kAja ke liye prAtI jAtI thIM aura samaya samaya para vidvAnoM se zAstrArtha taka karatI thiiN| jaba ve ghara se bAhira jAtI thIM to loga unheM bar3I pratiSThA aura sanmAna ke sAtha dekhate the| sAdhAraNa striyoM kI to bAta hI kyA rAniyAM taka rAjadarabAroM meM khullamakhule calI jAtI thiiN| uttara purANa meM likhA hai ki eka bAra rAjA siddhArtha rAjadarabAra meM maiMTe the / rAnI trizalA una se milane ke liye vahAM phuNcii| siddhArtha ne bar3e sammAna se usa ko apane pAsa rAjasiMhAsana para baitthaayaa| anya saba rAjakIya kAryoM kI apekSA karake sarvaprathama unhoMne trizalAdevI ke Ane kA kAraNa pUchanA cAhA / isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki prAcIna jaina samAja meM parde jaisI bhayAnaka kuprathA na thii| vartamAna jaina samAja ke bhI kAphI loga isa parde kI prathA ke roga se burI taraha se grasta haiM / unako apane prAcIna dharma se zikSA lenI cAhiye aura parde ke vandhana ko tor3a kara strI jAti meM zikSA kA pracAra karanA cAhiye / zikSAke binA strI jAti meM jAgRti nahIM pA sakatI aura usa jAgati ke binA candana vAlA, mRgAvatI, aura subhadrA jaisI deviyAM jaina samAja meM paidA na ho sakeMgI / ataH jaina gRhasthoM

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(60) ko aba jAganA cAhiye / sArA saMsAra Age bar3hatA jA rahA hai aura Apa bhI apanI saMskRti ko pahicAniye / ||dhaarmik jiivn|| puruSoM meM bahu vivAha kI prathA avazya pracalita thI kintu striyAM eka pativrata dhAriNI hotI thiiN| gRhastha Azrama meM gRhastha ke bhAra ke saMbhAlane ke sAtha 2 striyAM dhArmika kAryoM kI upekSA nahIM karatI thiiN| pratidina pratikramaNa karanA aura saMtoM kI sevA meM baiThakara dharmagrantha zravaNa karanA ye unake nityakRtyoM ke pradhAna aMga the| ve apane pati meM bar3I zraddhA aura prema rakhatI thIM / jaba ve una kI icchA ke viparIta kArya karate the to ve apane adhikAra ko bhUlatI na thIM aura unheM yuktiyoM dvArA samajhA kara ThIka kara letI thiiN| jambU kumAra jaba dIkSA lene ke liye taiyAra hue to una kI paliyoM ne una ko khUba samajhAyA aura ghara para rahane ke liye bAdhya kiyA / jambUkumAra ne una kI sammati ko premapUrvaka sunA aura usa kA pAlana kiyaa| isa se bhI patA calatA hai ki pati bhI apanI patniyoM ke ucita zrAgraha kI avahelanA nahIM karate the| zrApattikAla meM striyAM apane zIla kI rakSA bhI bar3e sAhasa se karatI thoN| candana vAlA kI mAtA dhAriNI, aura mahAsatI, rAjImatI isa satya ke jvalanta udAharaNa hai| campA nagarI meM dadhivAhana nAma ke rAjA rAjya karate the / unakI rANI kA nAma bAriNI thA jo bar3I hI rUpavatI thii| usa para kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ne car3hAI kara dii| dadhivAina jaMgala meM bhAga gyaa| zatAnIka ke eka yoddhA ne rAjamahala ko lara liyA aura dhAriNI ko apane kAbU meM kara liyaa| vaha usa para prAsakta ho gyaa| dhAriNI ne

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( 61 ) bahuta samajhAyA bujhAyA parantu vaha kAmAndha ho rahA thA ataH balAtkAra se apanI vAsanA pUrNa karane ke liye taiyAra ho gayA / dhAriNI ne apane satItva kI rakSA ke liye turanta apanI jIbha khIMca kara bAhira nikAla dI aura prANa de diye / isa prakAra apane zIla kI rakSA ke liye dhAriNI ne apane prANoM kI bali de dI aura yoddhA ke jIvana ko bhI isa Atmotsarga ke dvArA dhArmika jIvana meM badala DAlA / jaina dharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha jI bAlya kAla se hI virakta the / vivAha kI icchA na hone para bhI una kI sagAI mathurA ke rAjA ugrasena kI guNavatI putrI rAjImatI se kara dI gaI / ve bar3oM ke anurodha ko TAla na sake / java varAta ugrasena ke yahAM pahuMcI to neminAtha ne barAtiyoM ke bhojana ke liye lAe gae pazuoM kA vAr3A bharA dekhA / ve apane vivAha ke nimitta niraparAdha pazuoM kA vadha na dekha sakate the ! ve vahAM se bhAga gae aura giranAra parvata para jAkara dIkSA lelI | jaba rAjImatI ko isa bAta kA patA calA to usane bhI pati kA anusaraNa kiyA aura dIkSA lelI / dUsare kisI karane ke mAtA pitA ke prastAva ko usa ne ThukarA diyA / dIkSita avasthA meM ekabAra jaba vaha giranAra parvata para jA rahI thI to varSA ke kAraNa usa ke bastra bhIga gae aura unheM sukhAne ke liye vaha eka samIpa kI guphA meM calI gaI usI guphA meM eka rathanemi nAmakA sAdhu baiThA thA / vaha rAjImatI ke rUpa lAvaNya ko dekha kara kAmAsakta ho gayA aura rati kI prArthanA karane lagA / rAjImatI Adarza jaina mahAsatiyoM meM se thI / vaha apane zIladharma ko kaba bhUlane vAlI thI / usane kahA: kumAra ke sAtha vivAha jai si rutreNa vesamaNo, lalieNa nalakubbaro / tahA vitena icchAmi jai si sakkhaM puraMdare !!

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(12) dhiratyu te 'jaso kAmI jo taM jIviya kAraNA / vantaM icchAsi zrAveOM se, yaMte maraNaM bhave // atarA0 a0 22 zloka. 41. 42 arthAt:- he rathanemi yaH tuma rUpa meM sAkSAt kAmadeva lIlA meM nala kubera yA indra bhI hoto bhI maiM tumhArI kAmanA nahIM kara sktii| tumheM dhikkAra hai ki tuma vAsanAmaya vamana kiye hue bhAgoM ko tyAga kara unheM phira bhogane kI icchA kara rahe ho| isa prakAra ke patita jIvana se to tumhArA maranA hI acchA hai| yaha hai jaina nAriyoM ke satItva yA zIla kI mahAnatA aura dhArmika jIvana kI uccatA / isa prakAra ke nArI ke satItva rakSaNa ke udAharaNa anyatra kama hI dekhane meM milate haiM / dhAriNI aura rAjImatI ina donoM mahilAoM ke udAharaNa se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki donoM ne kevala apane zIla kI hI rakSA nahIM kI kintu caritra se bhraSTa hote hue yoddhA aura mAdhu ko bhI apane satItva kI zani se sanmArga kI ora lgaayaa| jaina zAstroM meM vidhavA vivAha kI prathA ke udAharaNa mere dekhane meM nahIM aae| isa se yaha bhI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki Aja kala kI taraha prAcIna jaina samAja meM vidhavAtroM kI saMkhyA kama rahI hai| aura isa liye vidhavA vivAha kI jaTila samasyA una ke sAmane naM pAI ho / jo thor3I bahuta vidhavAeM hotI hoMgI ve dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karatI hoNgii| vidhavAoM kI saMkhyA kama hone ke kucha pramANa to spaSTa hI haiM / jisa jAti meM bAla vivAha kI prathA pracalita ho vA kujor3a vivAha hote hoM vahAM vidhavAtroM kI saMkhyA adhika bar3hane kA Dara rahatA hai| jaina samAja saubhAgya vaza ina donoM kuprathAzroM se mukta rahA hai| bAla vivAha to jaina dharma meM nindya samajhA jAtA thA / aura kujor3a vivAha kA prabha

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( 63 ) hI paidA nahIM hotA jaba ki vivAha ke liye svayaMvara kI prathA sabase uttama mAnI jAtI hai / kanyA aura vara donoM ko adhikAra thA ki ve apane 2 guNa, karma, aura svabhAva ke anukUla svayaMvara meM apanA jIvanasaMgI yA jIvanasaMginI cuneN| 1 I z2aina sabhyatA kAla meM sAmAjika jIvana itanA U~cA aura Adarza thA ki jisa kI prazaMsA kiye banatI hai / loga viparIta kAraNoM ke sadbhAva meM bhI maryAdA kA ulaMghana nahIM karate the jahAM guNa hoMge vahAM doSa bhI ho sakate haiM, bhUla puruSa bhI karatA hai aura strI bhI / ho jAtI haiM koI sabhI sarvaMza to hote nahIM / aisI sthiti meM apane meM hone vAlI aneka bhUloM kI upekSA karake dUsare kI bhUla dekhakara usa se ghRNA karanA yaha choTepana kI nizAnI hai / jaina dharma ne ina bAtoM meM bar3I vizAlatA dikhAI hai / yadi koI strI bhUla se yA ajJAnatA se sanmArga se phisala jAtI thI to "samAja usa se ghRNA kA vyavahAra nahIM karatA thA / usa ko bhI anya striyoM kI bhA~ti dharma kArya karane kI pUrI svatantratA thI / jaina purANa meM eka kathA AtI hai ki caMpA nagarI meM eka kanakalatA nAma kI strI thI / usa kA eka yuvaka se anucita prema ho gayA thA / ve pati patnI kI taraha pratyakSa rUpa se rahane bhI laga gae the to bhI samAja ke loga una se ghRNA nahIM karate the / donoM apane anucita sambandha meM lajita pravezya the kintu muniyoM ke vyAkhyAna sunane jAte the / unheM dAna dete the aura devapUjanAdi satra dhArmika kRtya niraMtara kiyA karate the| isI prakAra arAdhanA kathAkoSa meM bhI eka aisA hI rAnta milatA hai / jyeSThA nAma kI eka AryikA apane AcaraNa se ho gaI thI use prAyazcitta karAkara punaH dIkSA 1 de dI gaI thii| loga pUrvavat hI usa meM zraddhA rakhate the / isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina samAja meM ajJAnavaza AcaraNa taka se patita hone vAlI

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( 64 ) striyoM ke sAtha bhI ziSTAcAra kA vartAva kiyA jAtA thaa| jaina sabhyatA itanI utkRSTatA para pahuMcI huI thI ki usa ke saba kArya maryAdita the / // nArI sammAna kI parAkASThA // zramaNa saMskRti ke vikAsa yuga meM jainasamAja meM striyoM ke sAtha itane ucca ziSTAcAra kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA ki patnI taka para zrAcaraNa bhraSTatA kA saMdeha hone para bhI pati una se durvyavahAra nahIM karate the / prAcIna jainasamAja meM maryAdA kA ulaMghana karanA acchI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA jAtA thA / maryAdA ko gRhastha jIvana ke mAdhuyaM kI nIMva samajhA jAtA thA / jaina zAstroM ke prakhara vidvAn zrI zIlAGkAcArya kRta mahApurisacariya ' nAmaka grantha meM priyadarzanA kI eka kathA AtI hai jo uparyukta satya ko pramANita karatI hai : -- " para videha meM aparAjitA nAma kI eka nagarI thii| vahAM aneka guNoM se alaMkRta IzAnacandra nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA / uso nagarI meM candana dAsa nAma kA eka sampattizAlI seTha bhI rahatA thA jima ke putra kA nAma sAgaracandra thA / eka bAra sAgaracandra, rAjA IzAnacandra ke darzanArtha rAjakula meM gayA / rAjA ne zrAsana tAmbUla di se usa kA svAgata kiyA aura kuzalatA pUchI / tatra sAgaracandra ne kahA ki mahArAja RturAja vasaMta apane pUrNa vaibhava ke sAtha prArambha ho gayA hai / Apa kIDodyAna meM calane kI kRpA kareM / rAjA ne isa prastAva kA svAgata kiyA aura sArI nagarI meM yaha munAdI karavAdI ki mahArAjAdhirAja modina prAtaH ratikula gRha udyAna meM padhAreMge / ataH nagara ke saba strI puruSa apane 2 vaibhava ke anumAra khUba dhUmadhAma se udyAna kI zobhA bddh'aaeN| prAtaHkAla mahArAja dhirAja apane aneka ramaNIjana

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( 65 ) ke sAtha bar3I zAna se udyAna meM pahuMca ge| udhara sAgaracandra bhI apane ghaniSTha mitra azokadatta ke sAtha bar3I ThATha se vahAM gayA / jaba vahAM saba loga khUba raMga raliyAM manA rahe the aura aAnandasAgara meM mama the to eka aora se striyoM kI bhIr3a se kucha kolAhala sunAI par3A jisa se bacAyo 2 kA zabda spaSTa sunAI par3a rahA thaa| sAgaracandra sAhasa karake turanta usa ora daur3A / vahAM usane bandiyoM dvArA pakar3I huI purNabhadra kI atisundarI kanyA priyadarzanA ko dekhA ! usa ne turanta vIratA pUrvaka eka bandI se churI chIna lI aura priyadarzanA ko una se mukta karAyA / priyadarzanA isa sundara navayuvaka kI vIratA para mugdha ho gaI aura usa para prema bhAva prakaTa kiyA ! sAgaracandra ke hRdaya meM bhI kAmadeva ke tIra cubha cuke the| itane meM priyadarzanA kA pitA aAyA aura apanI kanyA ko ghara le gayA / sAgaracandra ke pitA taka bhI yaha samAcAra pahuMca cukA thaa| sAgaracaMdra ne apanI icchA pitA ke sAmane prakaTa kI aura pitA ne usa kA vivAha priyadarzanA ke sAtha kara diyA aura sAtha 2 sAgaracandra ko usa ke duSTa mitra azokadatta se bho sAvadhAna rahane kA upadeza diyaa| sAgara ne usa upadeza ko upekSA kI dRSTi se sunaa| astu, sAgaracandra aura priyadarzanA bar3e aAnanda se apanA gRhastha jIvana bitAne lage / eka dina sAgaracandra ke anupasthiti meM azokadatta priyadarzanA ke pAsa aayaa| aura kahane lagAH-'kyA kAraNa hai ki tumhArA pati dhanadatta kI putravadhu ke sAtha pratidina chipakara bAteM karatA hai| priyadarzanA kA citta nirmala thA usane kahA:-'tuma usa ke ghaniSTha mitra ho tuma jyAdA acchI taraha samajha sakate ho ki isa meM kyA rahasya ho sakatA hai|' azokadatta ne kahA ki tuma merA eka prayojana pUrA kara do to maiM tumheM yaha rahasya batA sakatA huuN|' zuddha hRdaya priyadarzanA ne kahA:- mere

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prati tumhArA kyA prayojana ho sakatA hai ?' isa ke uttara meM malina hRdaya azokadatta ne kahA ki isa saMsAra meM jisa manuSya ne tumhAre divyasauMdarya ko eka bAra bhI dekha liyA hai vaha turanta apane liye tumheM pAne kA prayojana rakhatA hai| kevala eka tumhArA pati hI aisA puruSa hai jisa ko tumhAre prati prayojana nahIM hai / ' priyadarzanA azokadatta ke malina bhAvoM ko samajha gaI aura use aise nIca vicAroM ke liye khUba ltaadd'aa| azokadatta bar3A lajita huA aura vaha yaha kaha kara ki yaha to kevala parihAsa ke liye kahA gayA thA nirAza hokara bhavana se bAhira AgayA / usa kI AzA. para pAnI phira cukA. thA ataH vaha bar3A hI khina aura udAsa thA / ekAeka sAgara candra bhI use mila gayA aura pUchane lagA ki mitra isa khinnatA aura udAsI kA kAraNa kyA hai ? dhUrtatA kA jAla racAte hue azokadatta ne pahale batAne se saMkoca dikhAyA, akheiM bhara lI aura kucha nizvAsa bhI chodd'e| yaha saba bAla sAgara candra se zrAgraha karAne ke liye thaa| bana sAgarane zrAgraha kiyA to kahane lagA:- 'mitra zrApa jAnate hI hai mahilA saba anarthoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| vaha binA bAdala ko bijalI hai, aisI vyAdhi hai jisa ke liye koI auSadhi nahIM hotI aura aisI moha-nidrA hai jisa kA kabhI anta nahIM hotaa| sneha se paripUrNa hote hue bhI jisa prakAra dIpa zikhA jalatI rahatI hai| ThIka yahI dazA strI kI bhI hai| zrAja maiM zrApa ko DhUMdane ke liye zrApa ke bhavana para gayA thA aura vahAM ekAnta jAnakara priyadarzanA ne mujha 12 apanA kaluSita prema prakaTa kiyaa| bar3I kaThinAI se apane zrApa ko usa ke paMje se bacAkara pAyA huuN| bhalA maiM Apa jaise ghaniSTha mitra ko kyA khama meM bhI dhokhA de sakatA huuN| aba soca rahA thA ki kyA maiM prAramapAta karavaMdA na karU~ kyoMki vaha durAcAriNI avazya mere priya mitra ke pAsa bhUThA kalaMka mujha

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( 67 ) para hI lagAne kI zikAyata kregii| yadi jo ghaTanA huI hai satya 2 mitra se batA dU to yaha bhI ThIka na hogA kyoMki maiMne usa duSTA kA manoratha pUrNa nahIM kiyA / ataH yaha aura bhI braNa para namaka chir3akane ke samAna hogaa| yaha saba soca ha' rahA thA ki Apa maz2a ge| sAgaracandra ke liye ye vacana vajra ke samAna the / usane apane Apako saMbhAlA aura azokadatta ko sAntvanA dI aura use kahA ki hamArA mitratA meM yaha ghaTanA koI viSamatA paidA nahIM kara sakegI / parantu priyaH darzanA ke liye sAgaracandra kA hRdaya TUTa cukA thaa| aba usa hRdaya meM vaha pahale kA mAna aura praNaya na raha gae the| usa ko apanI patnA priyadarzanA ke prAcaraNa para pUrNa saMdeha ho cukA thaa| kintu yaha saba hote hue bhI sAgaracandra ne Avazyaka ziSTAcAra aura maryAdA kA ulaMghane nahIM kiyaa| andara se sAgara kA hRdaya avazya khinna rahatA thA kintu usa khinnatA ko usa ne kabhI bhI apanI patnI ke sAmane prakaTa nahIM kiyaa| bAhara se vaha pUrvavat hI priyadarzanA ke sAtha aise ziSTAcAra se vyavahAra karatA rahA ki use apane pati para saMdeha taka nahIM hone paayaa| priyadarzanA ne bhI isa bhaya se ki donoM mitroM meM usa ke kAraNa vaimanasya utpanna na ho azokadatta ke duSTAcAra kI bAta apane pati se na khii| isa prakAra uccakoTi ko maryAdA pAlana karate hue donoM ne apanA sArA jIvana binA kisI kAluSya ke bitA ddaalaa| priyadarzanA kI isa kathA se pAThakoM ko bhalIbhA~ti. patA cala gayA hogA ki jainadharma meM strI kA kitanA utkRSTa sthAna hai| pati ke liye patnI ke caritra patana se bar3ha kara krodha kA aura kyA kAraNa ho. sakatA hai kintu, sAgaracandra ne yaha saba hote hue bhI apanI patnI para na to krodha hI kiyA aura na kabhI usa kA nirAdara hii| ulTA usa ke sAtha aise ziSTAcAra kA vyavahAra kiyA ki use. vAstavika rahasya taka kA

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(68) patA na calane paayaa| kitanA ucca thA jaina samAja meM gRhastha jIvana aura kaise uccAcaraNa ke manuSya tathA deviyAM isa meM paidA hotI thiiN| isa satya ko priyadarzanA kI jIvana kathA sadA saMsAra ko batAtI rhegii| __vartamAna jaina samAja ko apanI prAcIna saMskRti kabhI nahIM bhUlanI cAhiye / prAcIna jaina saMskRti meM jo strI kA sthAna thA vaha aAjakala ke hamAre jaina samAja meM kama hI milatA hai| gujarAta prAnta ko chor3a kara cAkI rAjapUtAnA aura paMjAba Adi padezoM meM strI zikSA kA bahuta hI kama pracAra hai / sAtha 2 pardA prathA kI itanI bhayAnakatA hai ki kAphI bar3I saMkhyA meM gRhasthoM ke gharoM meM strI kI sthiti dAsI se acchI nahIM kahI jA sktii| isa parde ke kAraNa se strIjAti meM zikSA ke pracAra meM bhI bar3I ar3acana par3atI hai| zikSA hI vikAsa kA kAraNa hai| vahAM prAcIna jaina samAja meM svayaMvara vivAha kI prathA vyApaka rUpa se pracalita thI vahAM Aja aisI sthiti hai ki vivAha ke samaya kanyA ko sammati taka ko bhI koI bhadrapuruSa letA hogaa| bahuta se gharoM meM to bAla vivAha, kumor3a vivAha, vRddha vivAha, aura dahejazrAdi kI kuprathAeM itanA bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa kiye hue hai ki ve bhayAnaka roga kI bhA~ti uttarottara nasamAja ke kalevara ko khA rahI hai| saMsAra bahuta Age bar3ha cukA hai| hama ko bhI cetanA caahiye| jo jAti yA dharma samaya kI pragati kI upekSA karatA hai vaha unnatikI ora bar3ha nahIM sakatA / ataeva hameM apane zrApa ko samayAnukUla banAnA hogA / samayAnukUla banAneke liye bhI hameM koI vizeSa naI cIz2oM ko apanAnA nahIM hogA balki apanI prAcIna saMskRti ko hI bhalIbhAMti samajhanA hogaa| yadi deza kAla paristhiti ke kAraNa kisI naI prathA ko apanAnA par3e bhI aura usake kAraNa prAcIna siddhAnta kI upekSA hotI ho to bhI koI doSa nhiiN| eka yuga meM deza kAla aura paristhiti ke kAraNa jo bAteM ThIka

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(6 ) mAnI jAtI haiM yaha jarUrI nahIM ki ve dUsare yuga meM bhI ThIka mAnI jaae| / ataH yadi hama kisI naI prathA ko bhI apanA leM to vaha bhI kucha pAlana ke pazcAt hamArI hI saMskRti kA aMga bana jaaegii| vicArane kI bAta yahI hai ki usa se hamAre sAmAjika jIvana ko zakti milatI ho / merA kahane kA abhiprAya hai ki hameM rUDhIvAdI nahIM bananA cAhiye / phira hama to anekAntavAda ke anuyAyI haiM rUr3hIvAda to hamAre pAsa phaTakanA bhI na cAhiye / aba vaijJAnika yuga hai jisameM saMkucita vicAroM vAle vyaktiyoM ke liye koI gaurava kA sthAna nahIM / aba hama apane pUrvajoM ke gaurava kI kahAniyAM sunAkara bar3e nahIM bana sakate kintu una ke zrAdarzoM ko apane jIvana meM utAra kara hI bar3e bana sakate haiM / jaina samAja meM jo kuprathAeM pracalita haiM unako miTAne ke liye aura nArI jIvana ko sudhArane ke liye hamAre navayukoM ko Age zrAnA cAhiye / isa ke liye tyAga aura niHsvArtha jIvana kI AvazyakatA hai| nava yuvakoM ko cAhiye ki sarva prathama ve jaina samAja ko saMgaThita kara eka sUtra meM bAMdhe / isa ke liye eka jaina vIra maNDala banAeM jisa kI zAkhAeM deza meM yatra tatra sthApita hoM / aura usakA eka mAtra kAma jaina samAja meM phUTa ke kAraNoM ko dUra karanA aura samAja ke sabhI kSetroM meM sudhAra karanA honA cAhiye / striyoM kI zikSA ke liye skUla aura vidyAlaya khulavAne cAhiye aura jo loga bAlavivAha, kumoDavivAha. aura vRddhavivAha karane para tule ho una kA ghora virodha honA cAhiye / duHkhI aura nirAzrita vidhavAoM kI aura bAla vidhavAtroM kI sahAyatA kA bhI prabandha honA cAhiye / jo vidhavAeM gRhastha meM raha kara yA sAdhvI bana kara dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatI haiM ve saharSa vaisA kareM samAja ko una para bar3A gaurava hai kintu jo aisI bAlavidhavAeM haiM jo sAMsArika jIvana ke AkarSaNoM para vijaya nahIM pA sakatIM una se brahmacarya

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(17.) - - kA pAlana karavAne ke liye yaha a yAvazyaka hai ki samAja una ko dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM rakkhe / kintu brahmavarya kA pAlana koI baccoM kA khela nahIM hai / jabAnI bamA kharca sarala kAma hotA hai kintu indriyoMkA damana bar3A kaThina kAma hai / saMsAra kA itihAsa aise udAharaNo se bharA par3A hai ki bar3e 2 jJAnI. RSi aura muniyoM ko bhI kAma ke bANoM ke zrAge hAra khAnI pdd'ii| bar3o 2 jJAna carcA karane vAle, bramnavarya aura sayama kA upadeza denevAle upadezaka aura usakA bhavaNa karane vAle zrAvaka kyA sacce hRdaya se vaha kaha sakate haiM ki indriya nirodha marala kAma hai ? phira bhalA hara eka vidhavA se yaha AzA karanI ki vaha avazya ho indriya nirodha kara legI kitanA bhramapUrNa hai ! hamArI samAja meM aise anekoM ghara haiM jahAM mAtA pitA bar3I. umara meM bhI kAmavAsanA kA tyAga nahIM karate aura unakI yuvAvasthA se paripUrNa bAla. vidhavA kanyAeM vaidhavya ko jvAlA meM jalA karatI haiM / aise mAtA pitA ko cAhiye ki ve svayaM saMyama kA pAlana kareM aura apanI kanyA ko mAstika aura dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM rakheM jisa se usa ke vicAra vikRta na hone pAveM / kintu isake viparIta aAja kala ke adhikatara mAtA pitA svayaM to vinAsapUrNa jIvana vyatIta karate haiM aura apanI avadhi kanyAzrose asabhavako sabhAvanA karate haiN| protsAhana svayaM dete haiM aura jaba aparipakva anubhava vAlI kanyA sanmArga se patita hoto hai to zAstra kI prAzA ke viruddha bAne ka sampUrNa jJAna ko usa para thApane meM koI kamara pAkI nahIM rkhte| koI dUsarA aparAdha kare to zAstra vimukha honekI duhAI dI jAtI hai aura svayaM aparAdha ho to zAstra kI bAta bhI nahIM pUchI baato| prastu, merA kahane abhiprAya yahI hai ki vidhavAnoM ke liye sAsvika aura dhArmika vAtAvaraNa paidA karanA aura usI meM unako rambanA yaha samAja kA parama kartavya hai / yadi koI sanmArga se patita ho bhI jAye to usa para zAstra

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(101) vimukhatA ke bhAra ko thopa kara usase durvyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhiye kintu zIla ke mahatva ko samajhAkara usako sanmArga kI ora pravRtta karAnA caahiye| merA to mantavya hai ki yadi jaina zAstroM meM batAe dharma para aura niyamoM para hamAre loga calate to na itanI vidhavAeM hI hotI aura na yaha jaTila saptasyA hI samAja ke sAmane upasthita hotI / isa meM koI saMdeha nahIM ki prAcIna kAla se jainadharma meM stroM kA ucca Adarza satItva rahA hai aura brahmacarya ko eka alaukika zakti aura asAdhAraNa teja mAnA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha bAta satya bhI hai kintu usa samaya kucha vAtAvaraNa aura thaa| aba usase sarvathA bhinna hai / usa samaya loga apanI saMskRti ke mahatva ko pUrNa rUpa se samajhate the aura apane jIvana meM kAryarUpa meM usa para calate the| isa ke liye unake cAroM aura ucca dhArmika vicAroM kA vAtAvaraNa bhI anukUla thaa| aAja vAtAvaraNa badala cukA hai| aneka bAtiyoM aura dharmoM ke sAtha nirantara sadiyoM ke samparka se hamAre saMskAra, vicAra aura rIti rivAja parivartita ho cuke haiN| aba hama pratyeka bAta meM jaina zAstra ke vidhAnake anusAra calane kA dAvA nahIM kara sakate / zuddha zramaNa saMskRti ke pAlaka hama tabhI bA - sakate haiM jaba ki dUsare dharmoM ke saMskAroM aura vicAroM kA nikAla deN| aura rIti rivAjoM ko tyAga deN| taba apane siddhAntoM ko samajhe aura unheM apane jIvana meM utaareN| phira sAmAjika baTila samasyAeM apane Apa hala ho jaaeNgii| kintu. sadiyoM kA car3hA raMga eka hI dina meM nahIM utara jaataa| isa ke liye bar3e kaThina parizrama aura tyAgamaya jIvana kI AvazyakatA hai| isa. mahAna kArya kI pUrtike liye jaina navayuvaka aura sudhAraka vidvAn kAryakSetra meM utare to zramaNa saMskRti ke punaH aruNodaya meM koI saMdeha nahIM raha sktaa|

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(102) yaha bar3I.prasannatA kI bAta hai ki aba kucha sudhAraka zraddheya jaina santoM ke sadupadeza se jaina samAja meM kanyAoM ke liye skUla aura vidyAlaya khulane lage haiM / strI jAti kI unnati ke liye yA dUsare zabdoM meM jaina samAja ke utthAna keliye yaha eka sundara kadama hai aura saubhAgya se hamArI bhAvo unnati kA pratIka hai| kintu hamArI samAja jo kucha kiyA jA cukA hai use hI paryApta samajha kara santoSa na kara le| yaha to kevala bhUmikA mAtra hai / kAma to abhI sArA hI avazeSa par3A hai| strI zikSA ke liye abhItaka jo kanyA vidyAlaya khule haiN| ve bar3e bar3e kucha nagaroM tathA kasaboM taka hI sImita haiN| unakI saMkhyA bhI bahuta kama hai| stro zikSA ke liye vidyAlaya sarvatra vyApaka rUpa se khunane cAhiye aura lakSya yaha ho ki jainasamAja meM koI bhI strI azikSita na rahane pAe / jaba strI zikSA vyApaka rUpa meM phaila jAegI to striyAM svayaM apane kartavya gaurava aura vismRta zramaNa saMskRti ko samajhane lagegI aura apane baccoM meM aise punIta saMskAra bhareMgI ki bhAvI jaina santAna pUrvavat eka ucca zrAdarza jIvana saMsAra ke sAmane rakha skegii| striyAM mAtRtva kI mahimA ko samajhegI aura rASTra ke sundara aura susaMgaThita nirmANa ke liye vIra, vidvAn aura caritravAn putroM ko utpanna kreNgii| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to pratyeka rASTra yA dharma ke utthAna yA patana kI nISa mAtA hotI hai| mAtAoM ke jo bhAva aura saMskAra hote haiM ve hI baccoM meM pratibimbita hokara samAja yA rASTra kA nirmANa karate haiM / ataeva yadi mAtAeM susaMskRta hoM to rASTra kA utthAna nizcita hai| aura yadi ve pichar3I huI ho to rASTra kA patana avazyaMbhAvI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anAdikAla se lekara strI mAnavatA ke itihAsa kI pradhAna nAyikA rahatI pAI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki strI kI uttamatA ke kAraNa hI aneka rASTroM kA abhyudaya ho cukA hai aura usI ke patana ke

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( 103 ) kAraNa manuSyako apane 2 bar3e patana bhI dekhane par3e haiN| sItA ke kAraNa rAma maryAdA puruSottama kahalAe aura cirasmaraNIya rAmarAjya kA Adarza saMsAra ke sAmane rakkhA / aura udhara zUkhA kI patita bhAvanA ke kAraNa rAvaNa kI itanI bar3I saltanata kA anta huA / isa prakAra draupadI ke sAtha durvyavahAra karane ke kAraNa kaurava prajA kI dRSTi se gire aura anta meM una kI hAra huI aura durgati ko prApta hue / ataeva pratyeka vyakti kA jo apane Apa ko jainadharmAvalambI kahane kA dAvA rakhatA hai kartavya hai, ki vaha apanI kanyAko zikSA de / strI zikSA ke pracAra ke liye pUrNa prayatna kare / aura kanyA kA vivAha pUrNa yuvAvasthA ko prApta hone para hI kanyA kI ruci ke anukUla hI kisI suyogya vara se kare / vAz2a vivAha, vRddha vivAha, kujor3a viva ha aura pardA prathA ye jainadharma kI saMskRti ke aMga nahI haiN| ina kA pratyeka bainI ko vizeSa karanA cAhiye aura bo inakA anumodana karate hoM una kA virodha honA cAhiye / jainadharma ke anusAra vivAhAdi kAryoM meM jAti pAti kA bandhana koI mahatva nahIM rakhatA, ataH isa jaTila bandhana ko bhI tor3anA jaina samAja kI unnati ke liye zreyaskara hogA / striyoM ke pAThyakrama meM dhArmika pustakeM adhika par3hAnI cAhiye jisa se ve apanI prAcIna saMskRti ko bhalIbhA~ti samajha sakeM / isa prakAra stroko sAmAjika jIvana meM pUrNa vikAsa kI svatantratA dene se hI strI jAti kA utthAna hogA aura usa ke utthAna se hI puruSa aura rASTra kA bhI abhyudaya hogA / strI jAti ke utthAna se puna: jaina dharma meM candanavAlA aura rAjImatI jaisI satiyoM kA janma hogA jina kA loga pratidina smaraNa karate haiM / brAhmI candana vAlikA bhagavatI, rAjImatI draupadI / kauzalyA ca mRgAvatI ca sulasA sItA zubhadrA zivA // kuntI zIlavatI nalasya dayitA cUlA prabhAvatyapi / padmAvatyapi sundarI pratidinaM kurvantu no maMgalam //

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.1 kira-e-K.. // ahiMsA paramo dharmaH // ahiMsA eka mahAn dharma hai| hiMsA se nivRtta hone kA nAma hI ahiMsA hai| zrAtmA ke AvAgamana yA punarjanma para vizvAsa rakhane se prANImAtra ke prANoM ke prati pratiSThA svayaM paidA ho jAtI hai / AvAgamana kA siddhAnta prANImAtra ke prati samatA rakhane kA Adeza detA hai / vaha kahatA hai ki jisa prakAra tuma apane duHkha kA anubhava karate ho isI prakAra tumheM parAe kA bhI karanA caahiye| saMsAra meM manuSya, pazu, pakSI, kITa, pataMga Adi choTe se bar3e taka jitane bhI jIva haiM saba samAna hai / bhinna 2 karmoM ke kAraNa se ve bhinna 2 yoniyoM meM paiMdA hue haiM / sukha duHkha saba ko manuSya kI taraha hI hotA hai zrataeva una saba ke duHva ko apane duHkha ke sana samajhanA cAhiye / jo puruSa aisA karatA hai vaha mahApuruSa kahalAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva ke prAyaH sabhI dharma kisI na kisI rUpa meM ahiMsA paramodharmaH, ko zrora manuSya ko prerita karate haiN| ___ bhArata ke atiprAcIna aura pradhAna dharma vaidika, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM ke avatAroM aura prAcAryoM ne bhI ahiMsA dharma ko jIvanakalyANa ke liye mahAn dharma batAyA hai| tInoM dharmoM ke prAcArya aura maharSi ahiMsA pAlana kA upadeza dete zrAe haiN| kintu samaya kI gati bar3I vicitra hai / pratyeka sadImeM nagIna paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa bhinna 2 vicAra dhArA ke vyakti paidA hote rahate haiN| kucha loga svArtha paza apane jIvana ko dharma ke anukUna na banA kara dharma ko apane

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anukUla banA lete haiN| isa se pUrvAcAryoM ke vAstavika siddhAntoM kI azA kara dI jAtI hai aura sAhitya meM prakSetra bharanese vA viparIta artha karane ke kAraNa se dharma meM vikAra utpanna ho jAte haiM / isa se sAmAjika jIvana kA patana hotA hai aura dharma kI nindA hotI hai| aisA prAyaH saMsAra kI saba bAtiyoM aura dharmoM meM hotA AyA hai| astu, aba hamane yaha darzAnA hai ki vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM bhAratIya dharmoM ne ahiMsA dharma ko kisa prakAra mAnA hai aura kisa taraha isakA pracAra kiyA hai| vaidikadharma meM hiMsA ahiMsA para dRssttipaat| sAmAnya dRSTi se 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' eka vaidika siddhAnta haiM kintu vaidika dharmagranthoM meM vedoM se smRtiyoM taka mAMsabhakSaNa kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| zatapathe aura taittirIya Adi prAmANika brAhmaNagranthI meM somayAga ke varNana ke sAtha azva, gau aura aMja zrAdi pazutroM ke mAMsa se yajJa karane kA zAstrIya vidhAna milatA hai / isI satya kI Age calakara manumahArAja bhI yaMtra saMtraM puSTi karate haiN| yAjJikI hiMsA kA anumodana karate hue marnu jI kahate haiM: yajhArtha parzavoM vdhyaaH|| arthataH- yajJa ke liye pazuoM ko mArane meM koI doSa nhiiN| aura isI prakAra-yAjJikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhvti'| arthAt-yajJa meM hone vAlI hiMsA hiMma nahIM kahala.to manujI ne to yahAM taka kaha DAlA ki: yajJArtha parAko saMSTA svayameva svyNbhukaa| __ : yajJasya mRtyai sarvasva tasmAcaI vgho'vyH||

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( 106 ) . . manu0 a0 5, zloka 36. .... arthAt:- svayaMbhU brahmA ne yajJa ke liye aura yajJoM kI samRddhi ke liye pazuzro-ko banAyA hai| ataeva yajJa meM pazu kA vadha avadha arthAt vadhajanya doSa rahita hai / isI prakAra Age likhate haiM: oSadhyaH pazavo vRkSAstiyaMcaH pkssinnstthaa| yajJArtha nidhanaM prAptAH prApnuvantyutsRtIH punaH / / masu 0 5/40 auSadhi, pazu, vRkSa prAdi aura pakSI ye saba yajJa ke nimitta mAre jAne para phira uttama yoni meM janma grahaNa kiyA karate haiN| . yAzikI hiMsA ke vidhAna kI taraha bAda meM hone vAlI hiMsA kA bhI manu jI ne vidhAna kiyA hai| bAda meM khilAI jAne vAlI kisa 2 vastu se kitane 2 dina taka pitara prasanna rahate hai isa kA varNana karate hue bhApa likhate haiM: dvau mAsau matsyamAMsena trInmAsAna hariNena tu / aurabhraNAtha caturaH zAkunenAtha paJca vai // paemAsAMzchAgamAMsena pArSatena ca sapta vai / paSTAvaNasya mAMsena rauraveNa navaiva tu // dazamAsAMstu tRpyanti braahmhissaamissaiH| zazakUrmayostu mAMsena mAsAnekAdazaiva ca / / a. 3. loka 268, 266, 270 arthAt:-padinI zrAdi magaliyoM ke mAMsa se do mahIne paryanta, hariNa ke mAMsa se tIna mAsa taka, bheDa ke mAMsa se cAra mahIne aura khAne

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(107) lAyaka pakSI ke mAMsa se pAMca mahIne paryanta pitaroMkI tRpti hotI hai 268 / / bakarI ke mAMsa se chaH mAsa, pRSatamRga ke mAMsa se sAta mahIne eNajAtIya hariNa ke mAMsa se ATha mahIne taka aura rurunAmaka mRga ke mAMsa se nau mahIne taka pitaroM ko tRpti huA karatI hai / / 266 / / banaile sUbara tathA jaMgalI bhaiMse ke mAMsa se dasa mahIne aura kharahe tathA kachue ke mAMsa se gyAraha mAsa paryanta pitara tRpta rahate haiM // 20 // . ___ yajJa aura bhAddhAdi karmoM meM hiMsA vidhAna kA phala yaha huA ki vaidika dharmAvalambI kisoM kAla meM vyApaka rUpa se AmiSAhAra karane laga gae the| zUdrAdi choTI jAtiyoM ke loga to binA kisI bAdhA ke mAMsAhAra karate hI the kintu brAhmaNoM nebhI yajJakI zrAI lekara yA mAMsAhAra para dharma kI mohara lagAkara mAMsahAra karanA prArabha kiyaa| isa prakAra pazutroM kA vyApaka rUpa meM saMhAra hone lagA aura anta meM hiMsA kA jo bhayAnaka aura mAnavajAti ko patana kI ora le jAne vAlA. pariNAma hotA hai vahI huaa| hiMsA se sAmAjika jIvana meM nirdayatA, karatA, duSTatA aura atyAcAra bar3hane lage aura mAnavatA ke Adarza guNa samatA, sahanazIlatA, anukampA aura sahRdayatA mAnava samAjase lupta hone lge| sArI samAjika vyavasthA bigar3a gaI aura loga bure karmoM meM pravRtta hone lage / patanonmukha mAnavasamAja ko sanmArga kI ora pravRtta karAneke liye aba hiMsA ke viruddha Andolana kI AvazyakatA thii| saubhAgya se vaidika dharma se hI kucha aisI sampradAyoM kA janma huA binhoMne vaidikI hiMsA kA; vizeSa kiyaa| vaiSNava, svAmInArAyaNa aura AryamamAja jaisI aneka vaidika dharma kI zAkhAoM ke dharmaguruoM ne vaidika hiMsA kA khule maidAna meM virodha kiyA aura hindUsamAja kI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA kI grAbhiSAhArase nivRtti karAne meM ve sAla bhI hue| hiMsA kA virodha karane ke liye

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(108) unhoMne vaidika dharmasyoM kA tyAga nahIM kiyA kintu granthoM meM AnevAle hiMsAmUlaka pAThoM kA ahiMsAmUka artha kiyA / udAharaNa ke liye gomedha yajJa kA vizleSaNa karate hue Arya samAja ke suyogya vidvAn paM. gaMgA prasAda jI likhate hai*:.. "bahuta se vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki veda meM pazuvadha kI zrAjJA hai, yahAM taka ki yajJa ke liye govadha ta kA vidhAna hai / vaha prazna itanA vivAdAspada hai ki usa kI yahAM vivecanA nahIM kI jA sktii| tathApi hama vaidika yajJa gomedha ke sambandha meM jisa ke artha govadha ke lagAe jAte haiM kucha kahanA ucita samajhate haiN| hama isa yajJa ko jindAvasthAmeM bhI pAte haiN| svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI-prAne satyArtha prakAza meM batalAte hai ki saMskRta bhASA ke 'go' zabda ke artha kevala gAya ke hI nahIM pratyuta pRthvI aura indriyoM ke bhI hai| gomegha kA prAdhibhautika artha khetI ke liye dharatI botanA aura AdhyAtmika artha indriya-damana hai| kucha loga isa vyAkhyA kA upahAsa karate hue use artha kI khIMcAtAnI batAte haiM / ve yahAM taka kaha DAlate haiM ki veda ke isa prakAra artha lagAnA-anyAya hai| hameM dekhanA cAhiye ki DAkTara hAga jaise prAmANika aura vizvasta puruSa pArasiyoM ke viSaya meM kyA sammati dete haiN| "goza urva kA artha pRthvI kI sArvabhaumika prAtmA hai jo saba prakAra ke jIvana aura vRdiyoM kA kAraNa hai| zabda kA akSarArtha gau kI AtmA hai| yahA~ upamAlakAra hai kyoMki pRthvI kI gAya se tulanA kI gaI hai| usa ko kATane aura bAMTane se pRthvI meM hala lagAne kA artha liyA jAtA hai| armaz2adA aura svargIya sabhA ne jo prAdeza diyA hai usakA matalaba yaha - - *dharma kA prAdi strota pR0 154 / +dekho satyArthaprakAza 11 samu.10 3.5 / /

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(1.6) hai ki dharatI ko jotanA cAhiye : ataeva vaha khetI ke kAma ko dhArmika batalAtA hai|" ____ "hinduoM kA gAya ke liye pratiSThA prasiddha hai / yaha bhI nizcita hai ki prAcIna kAla ke pArasI loga bhI usakA bahuta Adara karate the| to phira kyA yaha kahanA ayukta nahIM ki gomedha kA artha govadha hai jabaki bhASA aura bhAva donoM kA samucita vicAra rakhate hue usakA artha hama 'dharatI kA jotanA kara sakate haiN|" isa uddharaNa se pAThakoM ko bhalIbhA~ti patA cala gayA hogA ki kisa prakAra hiMsA ke virodhI vaidika vidvAnoM ne hiMsAparaka zabdoM kA artha ahiMsAparaka kiyA aura vaidika yajJoM kA pranigadana karate hue bhI una yajJoM ko ahiMsAmaya siddha kiyA / nissandeha yaha prayana sarAhanIya thA / zrAmiSAhAra karane vAle logoM para hai| pracAra kA acchA prabhAva par3A aura bahuta se logoM ne AmiSAhAra kA tyAga bhI kiyaa| isake viparIta kucha anya paurANika vidvAnoMne vedoMke athako badalanA ThIka nahIM samajhA aura unhoMne mAMsaparaka zabdoM kA artha mAMsaparaka hI kiyA kintu una mAMsaparaka hiMsAtmaka yajJoM kA vidhAna kaliyuga meM vayaM banAyA / vedoM. ke nAma para yA dharma kI Ar3a lekara hone vAlI hiMsAko samAja se rokane ke liye aura 'ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra karane ke liye yaha dUsarA kadama thaa| brahmapurANa aura aAdityapurANa Adi bahuta se vaidika graMthoM meM hiMsAtmaka yajJoM kA kaliyuga meM niSedha kiyA hai| astu, upayukta vizleSaNa se pAThakoM ko yaha spaSTa ho gayA hogA ki vaidika sampradAyameM hima kA samarthana karane vAle aura niSedha karane vAle do daloM kA saMgharSa bar3e jora se calatA rahA hai aura donoM apane mantavya ke pracAra meM saphala : rahe hai / usI pracAra kI paramparA kA rUpa hama aAja bhI vaidika samAja

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( 110 ) meM pAte hai / vaidikadharmAvalambiyoM meM AmiSAhAra karane vAloM kI saMkhyA bhI bar3hI hai aura AmiSAhAra kA ghora virodha karane vAle zAkAhAriyoM kI bhI kama nahIM | kucha bhI ho yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki vaidikadharma meM bhI ahiMsA paramo dharmaH isa siddhAnta kA sammAna huA hai aura vaidika dharmavalambI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM isakA pAlana karate rahe haiM / // jainadharma meM ahiMsAtatva kI sAdhanA // . ! vaidika dharma meM jaba hiMsA pravRtti vyApaka rUpa meM phaila gaI thI to hiMsA kA virodha karane vAle zrAmiSAhAriyoM ke liye kSobha kA kAraNa bane kintu isa ke viparIta jaina dharma ke paramparAgata zAstrIya jJAna meM jaba kucha pAzcAtya vidvAnoM me mAMsAhAra kA vidhAna batAyA to zrahiMsA dharma ke pujArI jainasamAja meM bar3A kSobha utpanna huaa| / yAkotrI zrAdi jarmana vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga ke kucha sUtroM kA mAMsaparaka artha kiyA hai jisase yaha siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA ki jaivI loga bhI prAcIna samaya meM mAMsAhAra kara sakate the / isa se jaina samAja meM bar3A kSobha hunA aura isakA virodha vaidika dharma meM zrAryasamAja ke samAna jainadharma ke sthAnaka vAsI sampradAya ne kiyA / sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke zrAcAyoM aura vidvAnoM ne sUtroM meM Ae mAMsaparaka zabdoM kA artha vanasthatiparaka kiyA aura hiMsAtmaka arthakA khaNDana kiyaa| jainadharma kI digambara sampradAya ke pUjyapAdAdi zrAcAryoM ne to sUtroM kA mAMsamatsyaparaka hI artha mAnakara una sUtroM ko mAnane vAloM kI nindA kI aura upadeza diyA ki aise sUtroM ko nahIM mAnanA caahiye| sUtroM ke na mAnane ke liye yaha kevala bahAnA mAtra hai / vAstava meM digambara loga sUtroM ko isa kAraNa nahIM mAnate ki una meM yatra tatra vastra kA vidhAna hai jisa se zveta. gvara matakI -

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( 111) puSTi hotI hai / astu, mere apane vicAra se jainadharma yA zramaNa saMskRti jisakI nIMva hI 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' para rakkhI gaI hai usa meM mAMsamatsyAdi kA vidhAna apavAda rUpa meM bhI kara diyA ho yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotaa| ataH prArambhase hI sUtroMkA vanasyatiparaka artha honA cAhiye / jaina darzana ke dhuraMdhara vidvAn zcI 50 sukhalAla jI saMghavI to sUtroM ke mAMsamasyA daparaka arthoM ko zrApavAdika mAnate haiM / unake niSpakSa vicAra+ bhI pAThakoM kI zAna vRddhi ke liye yahAM diye jAte hai: ___ "koI bhI buddhimAn yaha to soca hI nahIM sakatA ki sUtroM kI racanA ke samaya racanAkAra ko vanaspati aura mAMsa Adi donoM artha abhipreta hone cAhie / nizcita artha ke bodhaka sUtra paraspara virodhI aise do arthoM kA bodha karAveM aura jijJAsutroM ko saMzaya yA bhrama meM DAleM yaha saMbhava hI nahIM hai / taba yahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki racanA ke samaya una sUtroM kA koI eka hI artha sUtrakAra ko abhipreta thA / kaunasA artha abhipreta thA itanAM vicAranAbhara bAkI rahatA hai / agara hama mAna leM ki racanA ke samaya sUtroMkA vanaspatiparaka artha thA to hameM yaha agatyA mAnanA par3atA hai ki mAMsamatsyAdi rUpa artha pIche se kiyA jAne lagA / aisI sthiti meM nimrantha saMgha ke viSaya meM yaha bhI socanA par3egA ki kyA koI aisI avasthA prAI thI jabaki aApattivaza nirgrantha-sagha-mAMsa-matsyAdi kA bhI grahaNa karane lagA ho aura usa kA samarthana unhIM sUtroM se karatA ho! itihAsa kahatA hai ki nirgrantha-saMgha meM koI bhI aisA choTA bar3A dala nahIM huA jisa ne ApattikAla meM kiye gae mAMsamatsyAdi ke 'grahaNa kA samarthana vanaspati bodhaka sUtroM kA mAMsa-matsyAdi artha karake kiyA ho| alabattA nirgrantha-saMgha ke lambe itihAsa meM Apatti aura .. dekhoM nimrantha sampradAyapR0 18, 20 /

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(112) apavAda ke hajAroM prasaMga Ae haiM para kisI nirgrantha-dala ne AzvAdika sthiti kA samarthana karane ke liye apane mUla siddhAnta aAhiMsA se dUra makara sUtroM kA bilkula viruddha artha nahIM kiyA hai| sabhI ninya apava da kA apavAda rUpa se judA hI varNana karate rahe hai / jisakI sAkSI cheda sUtroM meM pada pada hai / nirgranthasaMgha kA badhAraNa bhI aisA rahA hai ki koI aise vikRta artha ko sUtroM kI vyAkhyA meM pIche sthAna de to vaha nirganyataMtra kA aMga raha hI nahIM sktaa| taba vahI mAnanA par3atA hai ki racanAkAla meM sUtroM kA asalI artha to mAMsamatsya hI thA aura pIchese vanaspati artha bhI kiyA jAne lgaa|" "isa ke sivAye koI 2 sAhasika nirgrantha pracAraka nae 2 pradeza meM apanA nirAmiSa-bhojana kA tathA ahiMsA-pracAra kA dhyeya le kara jAte ye jahAM ki una ko pakke anuyAyI milane ke pahale maujUdA khAna pAna kI vyavasthA meM se bhikSA le kara gubara- basara karanA par3atA thaa| kabhI kabhI aise bhI rogAdi saMkara upasthita hote ye jaba ki suvaidyoM kI salAha ke anusAra nirghanyoM ko khAna pAna meM apavAda mArga kA bhI avalambana karanA par3atA thaa| ve aura ina ke baisI aneka paristhitiyAM purAne nimnyasaMgha ke itihAsa meM varNita hai / ina pariniyAliyoM meM nirAmiSa bhojana aura ahiMsA pracAra ke dhyeya kA zrAtyantika dhyAna rakhate hue bhI kabhI 2 nirghanya apanI eSaNIya aura kalpya AhAra kI maryAdA ko sakhta rUpa se pAlate hue mAMsa-matsyAdi kA grahaNa karate hoM to koI acaraja kI bAta nhiiN| hama jaba prAcAra aura dazavaikAli. kAdi prAgamoM ke sAmiSa zrAhAra sUcaka sUtra dekhate haiM aura una sUtroM meM varNita maryAdAtroM para vicAra karate haiM taba spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki sAmiSa pAhArakA vidhAna bilkula prApacAvika aura aparihArya sthiti kA hai|"

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/ 113) astu, kucha bhI ho yaha bAta to spaSTa hai ki vaidikadharma ke samAna jainadharma meM hiMmAraka zAstrIya pAThoM ke AdhAra para koI sampradAya yA nae dala paidA nahIM hue / hAM jainadharma kyoMki anAdikAla se ahiMsAtmaka hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM ahiMmA hI isa ke prANa haiM isa kAraNa jaba bhI kabhI kisI ne jainadharma para hiMsA kA sAdhAraNa bhI doSa lagAyA to sArI jainasamAna ne eka aAdhAz2a se usa kA virodha kiyaa| jo dharma anAdi kAla se anya dharmoM meM hiMsA pravRtti kA ghora virodha karatA AyA hai aura mAnava samAja ko hiMsAmArga se harAne ke liye saMdA prayatnazIla rahA hai vaha bhalA apane dharma ke liye hiMsA kI kalpanA bhI kaise kara sakatA hai| mahAtmAbuddha ne to veda vihita yAjJikI hiMsA kA virodha bAda meM kiyA kintu jainadharma pahale se hI usakA virodha karatA A rahA thaa| gautama yuddha ke ziSya to unake jIvanakAla meM hI AmiSAhAra meM pravRtta hogae the kintu mahAvIra ke anuyAyI kaThina se kaThina samaya meM bhI ahiMsApatha se vimukha nahIM hue / yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha kI ahimA kI apekSA mahAvIra kI ahiMsA kA prabhAva bhAratIya samAja para adhika pdd'aa| ... bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA dharma kA pratipAdana aura pracArabar3e hI alaukika DhaMga se kiyaa| unhoM ne mAnava jAti ko samatA kA upadeza dete hue kahA ki jIvoM meM dikhAI dene vAlA zArIrika yA mAnasika vaiSabhya saba karma mUlaka hai vAstavika nahIM | isa liye kSudra se kSudra yoni meM par3A huA jIca bhI kabhI mAnava yoni meM paidA ho sakatA hai aura mAnava kA jIva bhI kSudra karmoM ke pariNAma svarUpa kSudrayoni meM paidA ho sakatA hai| ataeva ahiMsA mArga kA anusaraNa karate hue saba ke sAtha samatA kA vyavahAra karo | isa ke atirikta bhagavAn ne ahiMsA kA avicchinna mahatva eka hI ghoSita karate hue bhI sAdhu ke liye pRthaka aura zrAvaka ke lie pRthaka ahiMsAmArga kA upadeza diyA / sAdhu keliye

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( 114) to unhoM ne ahiMsAdharma kA pAlana karane ke liye saba prakAra kI kaThina se kaThina aApattiyoM ko sahana karane kI bhI AzA dii| unhoMne kahA ki sAdhu ke sAmane saba se bar3A jIvana kA lakSya mokSa prApti hai, aura ahiMsA dharma kA manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA pAlana kiye binA vaha prApta hone vAlI nahIM hai / unhoM ne yaha bhI batAyA ki satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura parigraha tyAga ye cAra mahAvrata bho ahiMmA dharma kI pUrNatA keliye hI paramAvazyaka haiN| gRhasthoM ke liye bhagavAn ne kahA hai ki gRhasthoM ko yadyapi ahiMsAdharma kA pAlana karanA pUrNarUpa se kaThina hai kintu to bhI unheM jahAM taka bana sake apane jIvana ke sabhI kAryoM meM ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA cAhiye / gRhastha jIvana kI saphalatA ke liye sadAcAra aura sadvicAra paramAvazyaka haiM jina kA AdhAra bhI ahiMsA dharma hai / parantu gRhastha ko sAdhumArga ko atikaThina sopAna para utarane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha apane liye pratipAdita dharma kA hI AcaraNa karatA rahe to usa ke kalyANa ke liye paryApta hai| vaidika dharma meM manuSya ke bhAgya kA nirNaya Izvara ke hAtha meM hai kintu jainadharma meM manuSya svayaM apane bhAgya kA kAM dhartA hai hai / bhagavAn apane upadezoM meM kahate the ki yadi sukha cAhate ho to zatrutA bar3hAne vAlI hiMsA kI bhAvanA kA tyAga karo aura bIvamAtra ke prati maitrI kI bhAvanA rakho aura phira dekhanA tuma uttarottara sukha kI ora hI bddh'oge| yaha bhagavAn ke una divya aura prAdarza upadezoM kA hI pratApa hai ki prAcIna paramparA se cale Ate bhamaNa saMskRti ke prANabhUta ahiMsAmArga para zrAja bhI bainasamAva sucArU rUpa se cala rahI hai| prAdi tIrthakara bhagagAn RSabhadeva ke samaya jisa prakAra ahiMsA

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(115) dharma ke mahatva ko samajhA jAtA thA aura usa kA pAlana kiyA jAtA thA ThIka usI prakAra kI mAnyatA vartamAna samaya meM bhI jaina samAja meM pAI jAtI hai / prAyaH saba dharmoM ke anupAyI bar3I saMkhyA meM zrAmiSAhAra meM pravRtta ho cuke haiM kintu saubhAgyavaza jainadharmAvalambI aba bhI pUrvavat zAkAhArI haiM aura bhagavAn ke saMdeza ko nahIM bhUle haiN| yAja bhI jaina samAja ke vyavahArika, sAmAjika aura adhyAtmika zrAdi sabhI kSetroM meM ahiMsA ke mahatva kI upekSA nahIM kI jaatii| yatra tatra zithilatA kA honA to avazyaMbhAvI hai kintu vyApakarUpa se jainamAtra ahiMsAdharma kA pAlana karatA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kI prAcAra nIti meM sAdhu ke liye pAMca mahAvratoM kA vidhAna hai / ve vrata isa prakAra haiM: ahiMmA satyamasteyaM brahmacaryA parigrahAH / arthAt-ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha ye pAna mahAvrata hai / ina pAJca mahAvratoM meM bhI pAThaka dekheMge kiM sarvaprathama sthAna ahiMsA mahAvrata ko diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAe to jainadharma kI nIva hI ahiMsA dharma para TikI huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainamuniyoM yA zrAvakoM ke jIvana meM aneka cinha, upakaraNa yA kriyAeM ahiMsA ke pAlana kA bodha karAte haiM / mukhavastrikA, rajoharaNa aura mayUra picchAdi saba upakaraNa ahiMsA pAlana karane ke upakaraNa haiN| pratilekhana kriyA bhI isI siddhAnta kI pratIka hai| saMkSepa meM jainadharma kI pratyeka kriyA ahiMsA ke sidAnta se otaprota hai| aisA lagatA hai ki aMhisA hI jainadharma hai aura jainadharma hI ahiMsA siddhAnta kA jAgRtarUpa hai| ahiMsA vAstava meM jaina dharma kI prAtmA hai| yadi upayukta pAJca mahAvrattoM meM se ahiMsA mahAvrata ko pRthak nikAla diyA jAye aura jainadharma ke kevala

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( 116 ) - - bAkI ke cAra mahAvata hI mAna liye jAe to jainadharma, jainadharma nahIM raha jaataa| ataeva ahiMmA mahAvrata ko yadi zeSa cAra mahAvratoM kA rAjA mAna liyA jAe to isameM koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se bhI yahI patA calatA hai ki zeSa cAroM mahAvratA kA pAlana bhI ahiMmA mahAvrata kI pUrNatA kI ora le jAne vAlA hai ! isa prakAra jainadharma ahiMmA pradhAna dharma hai aura isI ahiMsA ke pracAra aura pAlana ke kAraNa jainadharma vizva ke dharmoM meM eka U~cA sthAna prApta karatA hai| ahiMmA zabda kI paribhASA maba dharmoM ke prAcAryoM ne apane 2 dRSTikoNa se bhinna 2 prakAra se kI hai / jainAcAryoM kI paribhASA ke anumAra hiMsA se bacane kA nAma ahimA hai| ve kahate haiM ki kaSAya yA pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara manase, vANI se yA kama se dUmare prANo ko duHkha pahuMcAnA yA prANoM se vimukta karanA hiMsA hotI hai| jo prANI aimA nahIM karatA vaha ahiMmAdharmakA pAlana karatA hai| hiMsA do prakArakI hotI hai| pahalI bhAvahimA aura imarI drdhyhimaa| AtmA meM gaga, drupa, kAma. krodha, mAna, mAyA Adi vikRta bhAvoM kA 'utpanna honA bhAva himA hai| ina kapAyoM se aAtmika jJAna ko mahAn hAni pahu~catI hai| inhIM kapAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jaba koI prANI dUsare prANI kA vadhra kara detA hai to vaha dravya hiMmA bana jAtI hai| jaina siddhAnta ke anumAra yaha donoM prakAra kI hiMsA tyAjya hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAya to hiMmA hI samasta doSoM yA pApoM kI janana' hai / hiMsA se bar3hakara : maMmAra meM koI pApa nhiiN| asatya bhASaNa, cauryakarma aura durAcaraNa zrAdi saba hiMsA kI hI bhinna 2 zAkhAeM haiN| ataeva hiMsA ke tyAga se hI mAnava jIvana sukhI bana sakatA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne vizna ko ahiMsA kA sandeza dete hue kahA thA:-..

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( 117) - "jIvana kA pradhAna lakSya zAnti hai aura zAnti kA ekamAtra upAya ahiMsA hai| ataH yadi tuma jIvana ke lakSya taka pahuMcanA cAhate ho to usake ekamAtra sAdhana ahiMsA dharma ko kabhI mata bhuulo|" jaba hama saba zAntipUrNa jIvana bitAnA cAhate haiM to hamArA kartavya ho jAtA hai ki hama dasaroM ko bhI zAntipUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karane deN| dUsaroM ke jIvana para AkramaNa karake apane liye zAnti kI icchA karanA vRthA hai kyoMki hiMsA kI pratikriyA avazya hotI hai aura usake hone se jIvana meM azAnti kA pAnA svAbhAvika hai / ataH zAntipUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane ke liye ahiMsA mArga hI zreSThatama hai / isa para calane se jIvana meM zAnti kA hI sAmrAjya milatA hai / jaina dharma kI ahiMmA meM eka aura bar3I vizeSatA hameM milatI hai / kisI kA mantavya hai ki pazu ko na mAranA ahiMsA hai| koI kahatA hai manuSya ko na maranA ahimA hai kintu jaina dharma to prANImAtra ko mana, vacana aura karma se na mArane ko ahiMsA mAnatA hai / isa prakAra jaina dharma kI ahiMsA prANImAtra ke prati maitrI bhAva rakhane kA upadeza detI hai| _ jaina dharma meM prANI pAca prakAra ke mAne jAte haiM / eka indriya vAle, do indriyoM vAle, tIna indriyoM vAle, cAra indriyoM vAle aura pAJca indriyoM vAle / eka indriya vAle jaise phala / phala ke kevala sparzendriya hotI hai| do indriyoM vAle zaMkha, sIpa aura laTa Adi / inake kevala kAyA aura mukha do indriyeM hotI haiN| tIna indriyoM vAle lIkha, kIr3I, khaTamala Adi / inake kAyA, mukha aura nAsikA tIna indriyeM hotI haiM / cAra indriyoM vAle makkhI, macchara aura vRzcika aadi| inake kAyA, mukha, nAka aura aAMkha ye cAra indriyeM hotI haiM /

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/ 118) pAJca indriyoM vAle manuSya zrAdi jIva / inameM se kisI jIva ko bhI mAranA yA mArane kI icchA karanA hiMsA prAjAtA hai kintu sabake mArane meM eka sI hiMsA nahIM hotii| sabase adhika hiMsA paJca ndriya jIva ko mArane meM, usase kama cAra indriya vAle ko isa prakAra uttarottara hiMsA kI sAmA kama hotI jAtI hai| paJcendriya jIva ko mArane meM jo hiMsA hotA hai usakI tulanA phala tor3ane yA khAne ko hinA se nahIM kara skte| phalAdi vanaspati ko tor3ane meM kama se kama hiMsA hotI hai jo sAmAjika yA gRhastha jIvana meM nindya nahIM kahI jA sktaa| __ aAjakala bahuta se loga to ahiMsA dharma ke ativAda para utara pAe haiM aura phalAdi vanaspati ke AhAra ka! bho abhiSAhAra ke samAna hI hiMsApaNaM samajhakara usakA sevana karane meM pApa mAnate haiM / unako patA honA cAhiye ki vanaspati aura pazu pakSI Adi jIvoM ke jIvana ke prakAra meM AkAza pAtAla kA antara hai| vRkSoM ke phaloM ko yadi hama na bhI tor3e to ve pakane para sayaM unako girA dete haiM / aura phira apanI 2 Rtu meM paudhe punaH pUrvavat phanoM se lada jAte haiN| kucha per3a jaise sahatUta aura gulAbAda to aise haiM jo kATane chAMTane se hI adhika phalate phUlate haiN| yadi unako samaya samaya para kArA bAMTA na jAe to zIghra hI sUkha kara naSTa ho jAte haiN| vanaspati saMsAra ke liye jo prAkRtika niyama hai ve jaMgama saMsAra para lAgU nahIM kie jA sakate / udAharaNa ke liye yadi bakare ke sira, TAMga, yA kAna zrAdi aMga kAra liye jAeM to ve kisI bhI kAla meM punaH nahIM uga skte| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki sthAvara aura jaMgama donoM taraha ke saMsAroM ke liye prAkRtika niyama minna 2 prakAra ke haiN| ataH donoM ke jIvana ko samAna samajhanA yA donoM kI hiMsA ko samAna samajhanA nirI ajJAnatA hogii| isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM ki hameM vanaspati-saMsAra ke prati dayAbhAva nahIM rakhanA cAhiye kintu ahiMsA ke ativAda para utaranA aura mithyASTi rakhanA

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( 196 ) - - yaha sarvadA hAnikAraka siddha hogaa| aisA karane se ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana vyAvahArika jIvana meM asaMbhava ho jaaegaa| isase ahiMsA ke pracAra ke sthAna para hiMsA kI vRddhi hogI aura logoM kI dRSTi meM ahiMsA dharma kA mahattva lupta ho jaaegaa| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana mAnava jovana ko ucca banAne ke liye eka mahAn Adarza hai aura hameM bharasaka isake pAlana meM prayatnazIla rahanA cAhiye kintu sabhI prANiyoM ke liye sAMsArika jIvana kA nirmANa hI aimA hai jisameM kadama kadama para hiMsA kA astittva bharA par3A hai| jIvana ke prAyaH sabhI kArya kisI na kisI prakAra kI hiMsA se lima haiM aura vaha hiMsA anivArya hai / khAnA, pInA, calanA, khetI karanA, vyApAra karanA Adi sabhI jIvana ke kArya hiMsA se bhare par3e haiM / garbhAdhAna se lekara mRtyu paryanta saMsAra kA sArA jIvana hiMsA se paripUrNa hai| to kyA choTI se choTI hiMsA se bacane ke liye manuSya saba kAmoM ko chor3akara niSkarmaNya hokara baiTha jAe ? niSkarmaNyatA jIvana kI mRtyu hai aura saMsAra kA anta hai| ahiMsA ke ativAda para utarane vAle sajana saMsAra ko niSkarmaNyatA kI ora hI le jaaeNge| unako cAhiye ki ve ahiMsA ke vAstavika mahattva ko smjhe| ahiMsA kI ati. para utarane se to ahiMsA dharma vyavahArya nahIM raha jaaegaa| ahiMsA meM jitanA zrAkarSaNa hai vaha lupta ho jAya gaa| aura loga isa ke pAlana ko asambhava samajha kara isakA tyAga kara deMge jisakA pariNAma yaha hogA ki saMsAra meM hiMsA ke pracAra ko protsAhana milegaa| ataeva jo jaina dharmAvalambI ahiMsA kI aisI ati para utareMge ve jaina dharma ko lAbha ke sthAna para hAni hI pahuMcAe~ge / unako patA honA cAhiye ki jaina dharma meM jIvoM ke caitanya kI taratamatA ke anusAra hI hiMsA ahiMsA kA vivecana kiyA hai| phalAhAra yA zAkAhAra aura mAMsAhAra donoM kI vibhAjaka rekhA ko bar3e vistAra pUrvaka

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( 120 ) spaSTa karake likhA gayA hai| ataH kaTTarapanthI sajanoM ko use dhyAna pUrvaka viveka se samajhanA aura jIvana meM utAranA cAhiye / hiMsA yadi jIvana kI eka vAstavikatA hai, to ahiMsA, jIvana kA eka mahAn dharma hai| hiMmA se jIvana kA nirvAha hotA hai aura ahiMsA jIvana ko paripUrNatA kA ora lejAtI hai| ataH hamArA yaha kartavya hojAtA hai ki hama jIvana kI paripUrNatA kI ora bar3he kintu paripUNatA kI ora bar3hane ke liye jIvana nirvAha kI bhI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| jovana ke sAmAjika, Arthika aura rAjanaitika Adi sabhA kSetroM meM jIvana kI zAntimaya pragati ke liye aneka hiMsAmaya upAyoM ko kAma meM lAnA par3atA hai jinake binA sAMsArika vyavahAra cala nahIM sktaa| yadi DAkU, cora, luTere aura ghAtakoM ko bhI daNDa dene meM hiMsA mAna kara usakA pAlana karane lageM taba to saMsAra meM arAjakatA chA jAe aura bhayAnaka se bhayAnaka utpAta hone laga jAe~ phira bhalA saMsAra meM zAnti kI sthApanA kaise ho sakatI hai ? ataeva saMsAra kI vyavasthA ko ThIka banAe rakhane ke liye aura zAntipUrNa jIvana kI sthApanA ke liye jo hiMsA kI jAtI hai vaha to puNya kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM vaha kisI hada taka ahiMsA dharma kA poSaNa karatI hai / ataH dhUrtI aura AtatAiyoM ko daNDa dene meM koI doSa nhiiN| isase sA dharma ke pAlana meM koI bAdhA nahoM pdd'tii| yahI kAraNa hai ki jana rAjanIti ke anusAra jo pAMca yajJa batalAe haiM unameM sabase pahalA yajJa 'duSTasya daNDaH' arthAt duSTa ko daNDa denA hai| isI prakAra yadi koI zatru hamAre rASTra para AkramaNa kare, hameM parataMtra banAnA cAhe yA lUTa mAra kare to usakA mukAbalA karake use pIche haTAne yA mArane meM bhI koI hiMsA nahIM mAnanI cAhiye / jaina rAjanIti meM 'ripu rASTra rakSA' arthAt zatru se rASTra kI

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( 121) rakSA karane ko pAJcavA~ yajJa batAyA hai| duSTa AtatAyI aura zatru ke 'mArane meM yadi kucha sAmAna bhI lI jAe to bhI vaha 'ahiMsA dharma kI ora hI manuSya ko bar3hAtI hai| vizeSajanya alpa hiMsA se bhaviSya meM hone vAlI mahatI hiMsA se mukti milatI hai| virodha na karake apane vicAroM ko kucalanA, kAyaratA dikhAnA aura zatru kA zikAra bana jAnA yaha kyA hiMsA nahIM hai ? isa satya kA poSaNa karate hue aura Atma-saMrakSaNa para jora dete hue rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI likhate haiM: "AtatAyI ke sAmane kAyara bana jAnA, bhAga jAnA yA mana se hiMsA karate rahanA jyAdA burA hai| usakI apekSA to nirbhaya aura bahAdura bana kara hiMsA karanA hI acchA hai| kyoMki isa rAste kisI na kisI dina manuSya ahiMsA taka pahuMca jaaygaa|" eka bAra eka bahana ne mahAtmA jI ko patra likhA ki yadi koI daitya jaisA puruSa rAha calatI strI para balAtkAra kare to aise saMkaTa meM phasI huI vaha kyA kare ? darzaka kyA kareM ? isake uttara meM, mahAtmA bI ne likhA: .. . . . 'asala cIz2a to yaha hai ki striyA~ nirbhaya bananA sIkha jAe~ / merA yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa hai ki jo strI niDara hai aura dRr3hatApUrvaka yaha mAnatI hai ki usakI pavitratA hI usake satattva kI sarvottama dola hai, usakA zIla sarvathA surakSita hai / .............. niDaratA yA prAsthA yaha zikSA eka dina maiM nahIM mila sakatI / ata evaM yaha bhI samajha lenA cAhiye ki isa daramyAna kyA kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa strI para isa taraha kA hamalA ho, vaha hamale ke samaya hiMsA ahiMsA kA vicAra na kre| usa mamaya apanI rakSA hI usakA parama dharma hai| usa saMmaka yo sAdhana use sUjhe usakA upayoga karake vaha apanI pavitratA

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( 122) kI aura apane zarIra kI rakSA kare | Izvara ne use nAkhUna diye haiM, dAMta diye haiM aura tAkata dI hai / vaha inakA upayoga kare aura karata 2 mara jAya / mauta ke bhaya se yuktaM hara eka puruSa yA strI svayaM mara ke apanI aura apanoM kI rakSA kare / saca to yaha hai ki maranA hameM pasanda nahIM hotaa| hama jiye Akhira hama ghuTane Teka dete haiN| koI marane ke badale salAma karanA pasanda karatA hai, koI dhana dekara jAna chur3AtA hai, koI muMha meM tinakA letA hai aura koI cIMTI kI taraha reMganA pasanda karatA hai| isI taraha koI strI lAcAra hokara jUjhanA chor3a puruSa kA pazutA ke vaza hojAtI hai| ye bAteM maiMne tiraskAravaza nahIM likhIM; kevala vastu sthiti kA hI jikra kiyA hai| sanAmI se lekara satItvabhaMga taka kI sabhI kriyAe~ eka hI cIz2a kI sUcaka hai / jIvana kA lobha manuSya se kyA kyA nahIM karAtA ! ataeva jo jIvana kA lobha chor3akara jItA hai vahI jIvita rahatA hai / 'tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH' isa mantra ke artha ko hara eka pAThaka samajha le aura kaNThAgra kara le|" darzaka puruSa kyA kareM ? _ 'yaha to strI kA dharma huA lekina darzaka puruSa kyA kareM ? saca pUcho isa kA javAba maiM Upara de cukA hUM, yaha darzaka na raha kara / rakSaka banegA / vaha khar3A 2 dekhegA nhiiN| vaha pulisa ko nahIM TUTane jAyegA vaha rela ko jaJjora khIMcakara apane Apako kRtArtha nahIM mAnega / pragara vaha ahiMsA ko bAnatA hogA to usa kA upayoga karate 2 mara miTegA aura saMkaTa meM phaMsI bahana ko ubAregA / ahiMsA se nahIM hiMsA dAga bahana kI rakSA kregaa|' mahAtmA jI ke isa uttara se yaha spaSTa hai ki duSTa ko daNDa dete

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( 123 ) samaya hiMsA ahiMsA kA vicAra bilkula chor3a denA caahiye| strI ko nirbhaya hokara apane satItva kI rakSA ke liye hiMsA-ahiMsA kA vicAra chor3a kara jisa prakAra bhI ho sake duSTa kA sAmanA karanA cAhiye aura mara miTane taka kA saMkoca na karanA cAhiye / darzaka ko bhI strI kI rakSA ke liye apanI jAna kI bAjI lagA denA cahiye / jo sacce ahiMga-dharma ko samajhatA hai aura usakA pAlana karatA hai vaha duSTa ke sAmane kabhI bhI kAyaratA nahIM dikhAtA / vaha vIroM kI taraha yA to duSTa ko khatama kara DAlatA hai yA svayaM lar3akara miTa jAtA hai / isa liye ahiMsA dharma vIroM kA dharma hai| kAyara aura Darapoka isa dharma kA pAlana nahIM kara skte| rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAndhI ko yadi bIma: sadI ke ahiMsA ke avatAra mAna liyA jAye to isa meM atizayokti na hogii| bahuta se vidvAnoM ne mahAtmA gAMdhI kI tulanA bhagavAn mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha se kI hai aura bahuta se ina ko una se bhI bar3hA car3hA kara mAnate 'haiM / nissandeha kucha logoM ko isa se itarAz2a bhI hai kintu kucha bhI ho maiM apane dRSTikoNa se yaha dAve se kaha sakatA hUM ki pUrvAvatAroM yA pUrvAcAryoM kI bhA~ti hI mahAtmA jI ne ahiMsA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhA thaa| unhoM ne apane jIvana meM sucAru rUpa se ahiMsAdharma kA pAlana kiyA aura vizva meM usa kA pracAra kiyaa| maiM to kahUMgA ki mahAtmA gAMdhI kI ahiMsA meM kucha aura bhI vizeSatA hai jisa ke kAraNa saMsAra meM Aja usa kA itanA mahatva hai| bIsavIM sadI jaise vikAsa vAda ke yuga meM rAjanaitika kSetra meM ahiMsAdharma ko jo UMcA sthAna milA hai isa kA zreya rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ko hI jAtA hai / mahAtmA jI ne apanA sArA jIvana ahiMsAdharma kI upAsanA meM

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( 121) lgaayaa| una kI upAsanA bhI sasAra ke sAdhAraNa mahAtmAoM kI bhA~ti niSkriya nahIM thii| vaha sakriya thii| unhoM ne kebana ahimAdharma ke mahatva ko samajhane meM hI apanI zakti naSTa nahIM kI kintu * jIvana ke vyavahArika sAmAjika, Arthika, aura rAjanaitika aAdi mabhA kSetroM meM ahiMsA dharma ko kArya rUpa meM pariNita.. karake dekhA aura unheM sarvatra isakA camatkAra dRSTigocara huaa|| jo bhI Andolana ve calAte the usa kA mUlAdhAra ahiMsA hotA thA aura ye usa meM saphala hote the / bhArata kI svatantratA ke Andolana kI nIva bhI mahAtmA jI ne ahimA ke siddhAnta para rkhii.| baratAniyAM jaisI bar3I saltanata ke sAtha Takkara bhI unhoMne ahiMsA ke zastra ke sAtha lii| svatantratA prApta karane ke liye bhAratIyoM ko ahiMsA ke zastra kA abhyAsa aura upayoga bhI mahAtmA jI ne sikhaayaa| bhArata ke loga una ke batAe hue mArga para cale aura uma kA pariNAma yaha huA ki anta meM bhArata ko vijaya huii| videziyoM ko bhArata bhUmi chor3a kara jAnA par3A aura aneka sadiyoM se khoI huI svatantratA ko hama ne phira se pAyA / jarmana aura jApAna jaise he 2 zastradhArI jo yuddha ko prAdhAnya dene the apanI svatantratA se vaMcita ho caiTe aura bhArata ahiMsAdhama ke vana para svatantra huaaa| yaha saba rASTra pitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke netRtva ke kAraNa hushraa| bhArata bhUmi kA yaha sabhAgya thA ki isa meM mahAtmA jI jaise mahApuruSa kA janma huzrA / maiM to inheM vAstava meM ahiMsAdharma kA avatAra mAnatA huuN| pardhA meM gAMdhI sevA maMgha kI sabhA meM eka bAra mahAtmA jI ne bhASaNa diyA thA jisa meM ahiMsA dharma ke mahatva para prakAza DAlA thaa| uma bhASaNa ke kucha aMza maiM yahAM pa ThakoM ke jJAna ke liye detA huuN|

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( 125 ) 'ahiMsA' zabda niSedha / "jo ahiMsaka hai usa ke hAtha meM cAhe koI bhI udyama kyoM na rahe usa meM vaha adhika se adhika ahiMsA lAne kI koziza karegA hii| yaha to. vastusthiti hai ki bagaira hiMsA ke koI udyoga cala nahIM sktaa| eka dRSTi se jIvana ke liye hiMsA anivArya mAlUma hotI hai| hama hiMsA ko ghaTAnA cAhate haiM aura ho sake to usa kA lopa karanA cAhate haiM / matalaba yaha ki hama hiMsA karate haiM parantu ahiMsA kI ora kadama bar3hAnA cAhate haiM / hiMsA ko tyAga karane kI hamArI kalpanA meM se ahiMsA nikalI hai isa liye hameM zabda bhI niSedhAtmaka milA hai| ahiMsA zabda niSedhAtmaka hai|". // ahiMsA ko maryAdita vyAkhyA // arthAtu jo ahiMsA ko. mAnatA hai vaha udyoga karegA usa meM kama se kama hiMsA karane kA. prayatna kregaa| lekina kucha udyoga hI.. aise haiM jo hiMsA bar3hAte haiN| jo manuSya svabhAva se hI ahiMsaka hai vaha aise canda eka udyogoM ko chor3a hI detA hai| udAharaNArtha yaha karanA hI nahIM kI jA sakato ki vaha kasAI kA dhaMdhA karegA / merA matalaba yaha nahIM ki mAMsAhArI ahiMsaka ho hI nahIM sktaa| mAMsAhAra dUsarI cIz2a hai| hindusthAna meM thor3e se brAhmaNa aura vaizyoM ko chor3a kara bAkI ke saba to mAMsAhArI haiM ho| kintu phira bhI ve ahiMsA ko 'paramadharma' mAnate haiM / yahAM hama mAMsAhArI kA hiMsA kA vicAra nahIM kara rahe haiN| bo manuSya. mAMsAhArI haiM ve sAre hiMsAbAdI nahIM haiN| maiM yaha kaise kaha sakatA hUM ki mAMsAhArI manuSya ahiMsA nahIM hotaa| aiNDa ba se bar3hakara

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ahiMsaka manuSya kahAM milegA lekina vaha bhI to pahile mAMsahArI thaa| bAda meM usa ne mAMsAhAra chor3a diyA / lekina jaba mAMsAhArI thA taba bhI ahiMsaka to thA hii| chor3ane para bhI, maiM jAnatA hUM ki kabhI 2 jaba vaha apanI bahana ke pAsa calA jAtA thA taba mAMsa khA letA thA yA DAkTara loga aAgraha karate the to khA letA thaa| lekina usa se usa kI ahiMsA the r3e hI kama ho jAtI thI! isa liye yahAM para hamArI ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA parimita hai| hamArI ahisA manuSyoM taka hI maryAdita hai| // hiMsaka aura ahiMsaka udyoga // lekina mAMsAhArI ahiMsaka to bAz2a cIz2a chor3a hI detA hai / jaise vaha zikAra kabhI nahIM kregaa| yAnI jisa se hiMsA kA vistAra bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / ina pravRttiyoM meM vaha kabhI na par3egA / vaha yuddha meM nahIM par3egA / yuddha meM zastrAstra banAne ke kArakhAnoM meM kAma na karegA / una ke liye nae 2 zastroM kI khoja nahIM kregaa| matalaba vaha aisA koI udyoga nahIM karegA jo hiMsA para hI zrAzrita hai aura hiMsA ko bar3hAtA hai| aba kAphI udyoga aise bhI hai jo jIvana ke liye Avazyaka hai lekina ve binA hiMsA ke cala hI nahIM sakate / jaise khetI kA udyoga hai aise udyoga ahiMsA meM zrA jAte haiM / isakA matalaba yaha nahIM ki unameM hiMgA kI gujAyaza nahIM hai athavA ve binA hiMsA ke cala sakate hai| lekina unakI buniyAda hiMsA nahIM hai| aura ve hiMsA ko bar3hAte bhI nahIM haiM / aise udyogoM meM hone vAlI hiMsA hama ghaTA sakate haiM aura use

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( 227 ) parihArya hiMsA kI hada taka le jAsakate haiN| kyoMki AkhirI ahiMsA hamAre hRdaya kA dharma hai / hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki kisI udyoga kA hiMsA se anivArya sambandha hai / vaha to hamArI bhAvanA para nirbhara hai / hamArA hRdaya ahisaka hogA to hama apane udyoga meM hiMsA lAeMge / ahisA kevala vAhya vastu nahIM hai / mAna lIjiye eka manuSya hai| kAphI kamA letA hai / aura sukha se rahatA hai / kisI kA karz2a vagairaha nahIM krtaa| lekina hamezA dUsaroM ko imArata aura milakiyata para dR?i rakhatA hai | eka karor3a ke dasa karor3a karanA cAhatA hai to maiM use hiMsaka nahIM kahUMgA / aisA koI dhandhA nahIM jisameM hiMsA ho hI nahIM / lekina canda dhandhe aise haiM jo hiMsA ko hI bar3hAte haiN| hiMsaka manuSya ko unheM varjya samajhanA caahiye| dUsare aneka dhandhoM meM agara hiMsA ke liye sthAna hai to hiMsA ke liye bhI hai / hamAre dila meM agara hiMsA bharI huI hai to hama hiMsaka vRtti se una dhandhoM ko kareM / hama una udyogoM kA durupayoga na kareM / prAcIna bhArata kI artha vyavasthA / merA kucha aisA qhayAla hai ki jinhoMne hindustAna ke gAvoM kA nirmANa kiyA unhoMne samAja kA saGgaThana hI aisA kiyA jisase zoSaNa aura hiMsA ke liye kama se kama sthAna rhe| unhoMne manuSya ke adhikAra kA vicAra nahIM kiyA / usake dharma kA vicAra kiyA / vaha apanI paramparA aura yogyatA ke anusAra samAja ke karatA thA / usameM se use roTI bhI mila jAtI thI thI / lekina usameM karor3oM ko cUsane kI bhAvanA na thI bhAvanA ke badale dharma kI bhAvanA thI / ve apane dharma kA AcaraNa hita kA udyoga yaha dUsarI bAta / lAbha kI

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( 128 ) karate the roTI tI yoM hI cala jAtI thii| samAja kI sevA hI mukhya cIja thii| udyoga karane kA uddezya vyaktigata naphA na thaa| samAja kA saGgaThana hI aisA thaa| udAharaNa :- gAMva meM daI kI jarUrata hotI thI vaha khetI ke liye auz2Ara taiyAra karatA thA lekina gAMva use paise nahIM detA thA / dehAtI samAja paH yaha bandhana lagA diyA thA ki use anAja diyA jAya / usameM bhI hiMsA kAfI ho sakatI thii| lekina suvyavasthita samAja meM use nyAya milatA thaa| aura kisI samaya meM samAja suvyavasthita thA aisA maiM mAnatA huuN| zarIra-zrama / isI meM zarIra zrama zrAbAtA hai| manuSya apane zrama se thor3I sI hI khetI kara sakatA hai| lekina agara lAkhoM bIghe jamIna ke do cAra hI mAlika ho jAte haiM to bAkI ke saba maz2adUra ho jAte haiM / yaha vagaira hiMsA ke nahIM ho sakatA / agara Apa kaheMge ki ve majadUra nahIM rakheMge yantroM se kAma leMge to bhI hiMsA A hI jAtI hai| jisake pAsa eka lAkha bIghA jamIna par3I hai use yaha ghumaNDa to thA hI jAtA hai ki maiM itanI z2amIna kA mAlika hu / dhAre 2 usameM dUsaroM para sattA kAyama karane kA lAlaca zrA jAtA hai| yantroM kI madada se vaha dUra 2 ke logoM ko bhI gulAma banA letA hai aura unheM isakA patA bhI nahIM hotA ki ve gulAma ho rahe haiN| gulAma banAne kA eka khUbasUrata tarIkA inhoMne dUDha liyA hai| jaise korDa hai eka kArakhAnA banA kara baiTha gayA hai| canda zrAdamI usake yahAM kAma karate haiN| logoM ko pralobhana detA hai vijJApana nikAlatA hai : hiMsaka pravRtti kA aisA mohaka rAstA nikAla liyA hai ki hama usameM jAkara phaMsa jAte haiN| hameM ina bAtoM para vicAra karanA hai ki kyA hama usameM phaMsanA cAhate haiM ? yA usa se bacA rahanA cAhate haiN|"

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( 126 ) merA vizeSa dAvA | agara hama apanI hiMsA ko avichinna rakhanA cAhate haiM aura sAre samAja ko ahiMsaka banAnA cAhate haiM to hameM usakA rAstA khojanA hogA / merA to yaha dAvA rahA hai ki satya, ahiMsA Adi bo yama haiM ve RSi muniyoM ke liye nahIM haiN| purAne loga mAnate haiM ki manu ne jo yama batalAe haiM ve RSi muniyoM ke liye haiM vyavahArI manuSyoM ke liye nahIM haiM / maiMne yaha vizeSa dAvA kiyA hai ki ahiMsA sAmAjika 1 cIz2a hai / maSnuya kevala vyakti nahIM hai vaha piNDa bhI hai aura brahmANDa bhii| vaha apane brahmANDa kA bojha apane kandhoM para liye kiratA hai / jo dharma vyakti ke sAtha khatma ho jAtA hai vaha mere kAma kA nahIM hai merA yaha dAvA hai ki ahiMsA sAmAjika cIz2a hai nahIM hai / merA yaha dAvA hai ki sArA samAja sakatA hai / maiMne isI vizvAsa para calane kI koziza kI aura maiM mAnatA hUM ki mujhe usameM niSphalatA nahIM milI / kevala vyaktigata cIz2a hiMsA kA pAlana kara ahiMsA samAja kA prANa hai / ......... mere liye ahiMsA samAja ke prANa ke samAna cIz2a hai hai : liye bhI sulabha vaha sAmAjika dharma hai, vyakti ke sAtha khatama hone vAlA nahIM hai / pazu aura manuSya meM yahI to bheda hai / pazu ko jJAna nahIM manuSya ko hai / isaliye hiMsA usakI vizeSatA hai / vaha samAja ke honI cAhiye / samAja usI ke bala para TikA hai| kisI samAja meM usakA vikAsa kama huA hai kisI meM adhika vikAsa huA hai / lekina usake binA samAna nahIM Tika sakatA / " mahAtmA jI ne ahiMsA dharma ko kisa rUpa meM saMsAra ke sAmane rakkhA, kisa prakAra ve usakA pAlana svayaM karate the aura kisa prakAra ve hiMsA kA pAlana hamAre se karavAnA

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( 130 ) cAhate the yaha uparyukta ahimA para prakaTa kie gae unake vicAroM se pAThaka bhalI bhAMti samajha gae hoNge| ve ahiMsA dharma ko samAja kA zraGga samajhate the| aura kahate the ki samAja isake binA Tika nahIM sktaa| mahAtmA bI kahA karate the ki zastradhArI puruSa boratA meM ahiMsaka vyakti kI barAbarI nahIM kara sktaa| zastradhArI ke liye to zastra kA sahArA cAhiye aura usake binA vaha apane prArako nirbala anubhava karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki niHzastra hokara vaha zatru ke sAmane kAyaratA dikhAtA hai| zastra ke binA vaha azakta ho jAtA hai| ahiMsA dharma azaktoM kA zastra nahIM hai, yaha to zaktoM kA zastra hai| isakA pAlana nirbala loga nahIM kara sakate / ahiMsA ke viSaya meM ThIka yahI mantavya jaina dharma kA bhI hai| jaina dharma bhI ahiMsA ko vIradharma mAnatA hai| hiMsA-ahiMsA viSayaka bauddha dRSTikoNa / jainadharma ke samAna buddha dharma ko bhI nIMva to 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' para hI rakkhI gaI thI aura mahAtmA buddha ne bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI taraha vaidikI hisA kA virodha kiyA / vAstava meM dekhA jAe to buddha kA vaidikI hiMsA ke viruddha Andolana hI buddha dharma ko vyApaka rUpa se phailAne meM kAraNa banA / ahiMsA ke virodha se mahAtmA buddha ko bar3I saphalatA milii| vaha samaya aisA thA ki hiMsA bahuta bar3hI huI thii| yajJa ke nAma para pazu bali zrAma hogaI thii| atyacAroM se taMga bhAI bhAratIya samAja kisI sudhAraka kI tAka meM thii| aise samaya meM mahAtmA buddha kI AvAz2a logoM ko prISma ke pazcAt varSA ke samAna lgii| saba loga unake upadezoM se AkarSita hue aura ahiMsA dharma kA pracAra hushraa| kintu yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki buddha ke bAda unake anuyAyI vyApaka rUpa meM hiMsA meM pravRtta hue aura mAMsAhArI bane /

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( 131 ) yoga ke anya dezoM ke samAna bauddha dezoM meM bhI Aja zrAmiSAhAra vyApaka rUpa meM kiyA jAtA hai| sabase bar3A Azcarya hameM isa bAta se hotA hai ki bauddha piTakoM tathA anya sUtroM meM bhI yatra tatra prAmiSAhAra ke vidhAna ke prakaraNa milate haiN| eka sUtra* meM likhA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ne eka gRhastha se bhikSA meM sUkara kA mAMsa grahaNa kiyA usake khAne se unake peTa meM zUna paidA huA aura usI zUla ke kAraNa unakI mRtyu huii| usI prakAra anya bauddha granthoM meM bhI bauddha bhikSutroM ke liye aise grAmiSAhAra grahaNa karane kI prAjJA dI gaI hai jo unake nimica se na banAyA gayA ho| hiMsA virodhI bauddha dharma ke anyoM meM isa prakAra ke mAMsAhAra kA vidhAna milanA eka bar3I vicitra bAta hai / mahAtmA buddha ke jIvana kAla ke udAharaNa hone ke kAraNa inako prakSipta bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aAjakala bhI jo bauddhadharmAvalambI vyApaka rUpa se AmiSAhAra karate haiM unako apane dharma ke pratikUla jAne ke doSI nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA kyoMki bauddha dharma granthoM meM - zrAmiSAhAra kA vidhAna hai| ataH hama isa nirNaya para pahuMca sakate hai ki bauddha dharma sabase pahale apanI janmabhUmi bhAratavarSa meM hI phalA phUnA aura phalane phUlane ke liye bhI isako vadika-kSetra milA bo vyApaka rUpa se AmiSAhAra meM pravRtta thaa| vaidika loga yadyapi bauddha dharmAvalambI hogae the kintu eka dama ve AmiSAhAra kA tyAga nahIM kara sake aura bauddha hone ke bAda bhI ve usakA sevana karate rahe aura unhoM ne hI zrAmiSAhAra paraka pAThoM ko bauddha granthoM meM sthAna diyaa| kintu yaha nirNaya bhI koI vizeSa santoSajanaka pratIta nahIM hotA / yadi upayukta nirNaya mAna liyA jAe to eka bar3A prazna hamAre sAmane yaha zrAtA hai ki mahAtmA buddha ne apane jIvana kAla meM AmiSAraraka sUtroM ke pAThoM kI aura usake pracArakoM kI upekSA kyoM kI? kyA gautama * mahApari nibyANa sutta /

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( 132 ) buddha svayaM unase sahamata the ? isakA uttara hameM bauddhadharma granthoM meM hI milatA hai kintu vaha kitanA niSpakSa hai yaha pAThaka svayaM samajha jaaeNge| jisa prakAra vaidika aura jainavama meM mAMsavaraka zAstrIya pAThoM kA vanaspatiparaka artha kiyA gayA aura hiMsA ke kalaGka ko ghoyA gayA isI prakAra bauddha dharma meM bhI mahAyAna saGgha kI utpatti huI / mahAyAna saGgha ke vidvAnoM ne * mahAtmA buddha dvArA liye gae mAMsavaraka sUkara-madava Adi zabdoM kA 'sUkara ke dvArA mardita bA~sa kA aMkura' 'zarkarA kA banA huA sUkara ke AkAra kA khilaunA' Adi aneka zrarthaM karake yaha siddha kiyA hai ki sUkaramaddava se sUara kA mAMsa zrabhipreta nahIM hai aura buddha ne apanI bhikSA meM mAMsAhAra kA grahaNa kabhI nahIM kiyA / bauddhadharma kI hInayAna aura mahAyAna ye do bar3I zAkhAe~ haiM / prArambha se hI ina donoM meM pArasparika virodha bhI bar3A rahA hai / mahAyAna pakSa ke loga zrAmiSAhAra kI kar3I cAlocanA aura nindA karate haiM / ve yaha mAnane ke liye kama bhI taiyAra nahIM ki mahAtmA buddha zrAmiSAhAra ke pakSapAtI the | mahAyAna paramparA kA laMkAvatAra eka mAnya dharmagrantha hai / usake eka prakaraNa meM mahAmati bodhisattva ne eka bAra mahAtmA buddha ko prazna kiyA ki zrApa zramipAhAra ke guNa doSoM kA varNana kareM / bahuta se logoM kA kathana hai ki Apane svayaM AmiSAhAra kiyA hai aura apane ziSyoM ko bhI aimI AjJA dI hai / bhaviSya meM hama zrAmiSAhAra ke sambandha meM kisa prakAra kA upadeza logoM ko deM ! isake uttara meM mahAtmA buddha ne kahA : - 'prANImAtra ke prati mitratA kA upadeza dene vAlA bhalA kisa prakAra maiM svayaM mAMsAhAra kara sakatA hUM / bhaviSya meM mAMsaloluge loga mujha para * devI nirmantha sampradAya, pRSTha 32 / Apa yaha spaSTa batAe~ ki jhUThA doSa

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( 33 ) lagA kara apanI mAMsa nolupatA ke svArtha ko siddha kareMge / isase zAstra kI nindA hogI / maiM to saba taraha ke mAMsAhAra kA niSedha karatA hUM / ' uparyukta laMkAvatAra ke uddharaNa se to yaha spaSTa hai ki mahAtmA buddha ne na to kabhI svayaM hI mAMsAhAra kA sevana kiyA aura na usakI anujJA hI apane anuyAyiyoM ko dii| kintu mAMsalolupI manuSyoM ne apanA svArtha siddha karane ke liye vanaspatiparaka zAstrIya pAThoM kA mAMsa artha kiyA aura vauddha dharma para hiMsA kA kalaGka lagAyA / astu, yaha bAta nirvivAda siddha hai ki vaidika dharma ke samAna bauddha dharma meM bhI aise zAstrIya pAThoM ke AdhAra para jinakA mAMsaparaka aura vanaspatiparaka artha ho sakatA thA do bar3e pakSa yA sampradAya khar3e hue jinakA pArasparika bar3A virodha aura saMgharSa calatA rahA / jaina dharma meM isake viparIta vanaspatiparaka zabdoM kA mAMsavaraka artha kucha vidvAnoM ne kiyA avazya kintu usake kAraNa se yA usI ke AdhAra para jaina samAja meM kisI nae sampradAya kA janma nahIM huaa| sambhava na thA kyoMki jaina paramparA meM anAdikAla se kabhI bhI aise mAMsalolupI yA hiMsA meM pravRta loga paidA hI nahIM hue jo aisA karate aura yadi ho bhI jAte to jaina dharma ahiMsA pradhAna dharma hone ke kAraNa ve aisA sAhasa na kara sakate the / ataH vaidika bauddha aura jaina ina tInoM bhAratIya mahAn dharmoM ke hiMsA hiMsA viSayaka vizleSaNa se pAThakoM ko bhajIbhAMti spaSTa hogayA hogA ki tInoM meM jaina dharma hI eka aisA dharma hai jisake anuyAyiyoM ne 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' ke tAttvika mahattva ko samajhA hai / jaina dharma kA sArA itihAsa ahiMsA dharma ko pradhAnatA se bharA par3A hai| usake sAre siddhAnta ahiMsA kI mohara se alaMkRta haiM aura usakA sArA karmakANDa ahiMsA kI utkRSTatA kA dyotaka hai / aisA honA bhI astu, anta maiM pAThakoM ko yahI batAnA cAhatA hUM ki vizva kA

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( 134 ) kalyANa ahiMsA dharma kI zaraNa meM jAkara hI ho skegaa| ahiMsA dharma kA sabase bar3A mahAmantra yA upadeza hai 'yAtmavat sarvabhUteSu' arthAt saMsAra meM sabako apane samAna smjho| jaisA vyavahAra tuma dUsaroM se apane prati cAhate ho vaisA hI dUsaroM se bhI kro| yadi isa mahAn upadeza ke tatva ko saMsAra ke loga samajhe hote aura unhoMne isa para amala kiyA hotA to saMsAra meM bar3e 2 yuddhoM kA sUtragata na huA hotaa| gata do mahAyuddhoM meM mAnava jAti kA bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM saMhAra huaa| usa saMhAra kA mukhya kAraNa thA hiMsA pravRtti jisake dvArA balavAn rASTra nirbala rASTra ko ir3A kara jAnA cAhatA thaa| usI prakAra kI pravRtti vartamAna samaya meM bhI aneka rASTroM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| balavAn rASTra nirbala rASTroM ko khA jAnA cAhate haiM aura taraha 2 kI dhamakiyoM se unheM DarAte haiM / sAre vizva meM bar3e 2 netAoM aura vaijJAnikoM kA jhakAva tRtIya mahAyuddha kI ora jA rahA hai| bar3e 2 vaijJAnikoM ke mastiSka bhI divAniza isI prakAra kI khoja meM lage hue haiM ki kisa prakAra baldI se jaldI koI aiga AviSkAra ho sake jisake dvArA zIghrAtizIghra mAnava jAti kA saMhAra ho jAye / paramANu bama aura hAiDo ilekTrika bama jaise bhayAnaka aura ghAtaka AviSkAroM se bhI unako santoSa nahIM ho rahA / vaijJAnikoM ke mastiSka kI vaha alaukika zakti jo mAnava jAti ke utthAna aura nirmANa meM laganI cAhiye thI durbhAgyavaza usake saMhAra meM lagI huI hai| kitanI girAvara hai isa yuga kI jisako loga bikAsavAda kA yuga kahate haiN| apane pI saMhAra ke liye pratta honA hI kyA vikAmavAda ke yuga kA lakSaNa hai ! yA hiMsA ke garta kI ora bar3hanA hI vikAsavAda kI. nizAnI hai| yadi isI prakAra kI mAnavasamAja kI manovRtti uttarottara patana kI ora hI badatI gaI to mAnava jAti ko eka bahuta bar3e saMhAra meM se gujaranA hogA

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( 135 ) jisakI kalpanA se bhI dila dahala uThatA hai| usa saMhAra se bacane ke liye mAnavajAti ko cAhiye ki vaha ahiMsA dharma kI zaraNa le aura bhautikavAda ke bAhyAkarSaNoM ko hI saba kucha na smjhe| zrAja kA yuga atyadhika rUpa se bhautikavAda kI ora jA rahA hai aura AdhyAtmika tattva kI upekSA kI jA rahI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva ke kisI kone meM bhI mAnasika yA aAtmika zAnti nahIM hai| manuSya ne bar3e 2 mahatvaprada aAviSkAra karake prakRti para vijaya pAI hai| usane bar3e Azcaryajanaka camatkAra kiye haiM kintu bhautikavAda kI isa unnati se vaha Atmika zAnti nahIM prApta kara sakA hai / ulTA vaha usase bahuta dUra calA gayA hai / aAtmika aura mAnasika zAnti ke liye AdhyAtmikavAda ke rahasya ko samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai jisakI bhautikavAda upekSA karatA hai / zrAdhyAtmikavAda kA sabase bar3A zrAdarza hai Atmika aura mAnasika zAnti aura yadi jIvana usase vaMcita hai to bhale hI kitanI hI sampatti aura aizvarya ke sAdhana manuSya ke pAsa hoM ve saba nirarthaka haiM / eka akiMcana puruSa bhI jisakA jIvana zAntipUrNa hai usa aneka vaijJAnika sAdhanoM se yukta samRddha-puruSa se lAkha darje acchA hai jo vikSubdha rahatA hai aura jisako cintA ke mAre nidrA taka durlabha hotI hai| Aja kA yuga jo zAnti se baMcita hai usakA mukhya kAraNa bhautikavAda kA adhika vikAsa aura usakI ora pravRtti hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki hamAre pUrvaja maharSiyoM ne bhautikavAda kI upekSA karake ahiMsAtmaka AdhyAtmikavAda kA sandeza mAnavajAti ko diyA aura kahA ki yadi kalyANa cAhate ho to samatA rakkho aura saba prANiyoM ko zAntipUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane do| unhoMne kahA ki vizva kI vyavasthA ko samIcIna prakAra se calAne ke liye ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana paramAvazyaka hai|

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( 136 ) zrahisA dharma kI zaraNa lekara hI vizva yuddhoM kI punarAvRtti ruka sakatI dUra haTa sakate haiM / ahiMsA dharma aura zAnti kI nIMda so sakatI zAnti ke bAda 1 hai aura saMsAra se kI zaraNa lekara hI mAnava jAti sukha hai / zrataeva vizva ke saba rASTroM kA kartavya hai ki ve svArtha buddhi chor3akara mAnavatA ke vAstavika tattva ahiMsA dharma ko samajheM aura usakA pAlana kreN| 'ahiMsA dharma ke pAtana se hI vizva kA kalyANa hogA /

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anekAntavAda anekAntavAda jaina darzana kI apanI vibhUti hai aura jainadarzana kI eka vizeSatA hai| prAcArya amRtacandra ne to aneka.ntavAda ko jainAgama kA jIva yA bIja batalAyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra jIva ke binA mRtaka zarIra kimI kAma kA nahIM hotA isI prakAra anekAntavAMda ke binA jainAgama bhI sarvathA nirarthaka aura nissAra hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadharma yA jaina darzana kA jo mahatva hai vaha anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ke kAraNa hI hai / anekAntavAda eka mahAn darzana hai / yaha aisA darzana hai jo saMsAra ke anya darzanoM ke saiddhAntika kalaha ko miTAkara una meM samanvaya karAtA hai| aura una ke bIvana ko pUrNa aura satyamArga kI aura prerita karatA hai / saMsAra meM vyApakarUpase phailI huI asahi. SNutArUpI viSa kA mUlakAraNa sAmpradAyika roga hai aura anekAntavAda usa roga kI nivRtti ke liye amogha auSadha hai| dUsare kI acchIse acchI bAta ko yA siddhAnta ko bhI burA batAnA aura apane khoTe mantavya kA bhI samarthana karanA, isa vAtAvaraNa kI banano sAmpradAyikatA hai| udAratA aura vizAlatA sAmpradAyitA ke pAsa taka nahIM phttktii| vaha kaTutA aura vidveSa phailAtI hai / usa kaTutA aura vidveSa ko dUra karake anekAntavAda mAdhurya aura maitrIkA saMcAra karatA hai| anekAntavAda kA sUrya, sAmpradAyavAda, matAndhatA yA dharmAndhatA ke andhakAra ko dUra kara saMsAra ko sukhada jyoti kA prakAza detA hai| yaha satya ko asatya aura asatya ko satya kahane vAloM ke bhrama ko nivAraNa karatA

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/ 138) hai aura vAdI prativAdiyoM ke zAstrIya kalaha ko miTAne ke liye aimI vyavasthA detA hai bo donoM ko mAnya ho / anekAntavAda kI buniyAda satya para TikI huI hai isa kAraNa vaha sadA niSpakSa vyavasthA kA sthApana karatA rahA hai| isI mahAnatA ke kAraNa anekAntavAda ne saMsAra ke anya darzanoM meM UMcA sthAna prApta kiyA hai| anya darzanoM para prabhAva / bhArata ke anya darzana vaidika aura bauddha bhI anekAntavAda se bahuta prabhAvita hue| vaidika aura bauddha dharmoM ke dArzanika granthoM meM anekAnta darzana ko mAnyatA ke udAharaNa bahuta milate haiN| nissandeha vaidika dharma ke kucha dArzanika vidvAnoM ne anekAnta siddhAnta kA samaya 2 para khaNDana bhI kiyA kintu vaidika darzana isake prabhAva se mukta nahIM raha skaa| bauddha siddhAnta para to anekAnta siddhAnta kA bahuta hI prabhAva par3A / durbhAgyavaza bahuta se kahara panthiyo ne isakA pAlana nahIM kiyA jisakA pariNAma yaha huzrA ki dina pratidina dharmAndhatA bar3hatA gaI aura vaimanasya kA vAtAvaraNa phailatA gyaa| yadi anekAntavAda ke samanvaya aura zAnti ke sandeza ko saMsAra ne sunA hotA to usakA itihAsa aura hI prakAra se likhA hotA / jIvana meM dharma kI pradhAnatA / mAnavajAti ke itihAsa se patA calatA hai ki hamAre pUrvajoM ne ihalaukika aura pAralaukika donoM ke sukha aura zAnti ke liye dharma ko hI pradhAna sthAna diyA thaa| saMsAra-sAgara ko pAra karane ke liye ve ekamAtra dharma ko hI taraNI samajhate the| mAnava-jIvana kI bhayAnaka ApattiyoM aura ghora kaSToM kA anta unhoMne dharma meM hI dekhA

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( 136 ) thaa| Adarza jIvana kI buniyAda bhI unhoMne dharma para hI rakkhI aura sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukti kA mArga bhI unhoMne dharma ko hI batAyA / apane sAre jIvana ke kriyAkalApa meM unhoM ne pradhAna sthAna dharma ko diyA aura usa ke pAlana karane ke liye sarvasva taka balidAna karane kI zikSA dI / ve bhagavAn se yahAM taka prArthanA kiyA karate the ki paramAtmA dhana daulata bhale hI vApasa lele, yamarAja bhale hI una ke prANa jaldI hI lele kintu una kI buddhi dharma se kabhI vimukha na ho / dharma se vimukha hone kI apekSA ve mRtyu zrI adhika acchA samajhate the / dharma rahita jIvana kI unhoM ne pAzavika jIvana se tulanA kI / pUrNa rIti se dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karane vAle ko unhoM ne paramAtmA taka kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyaa| sArAMza yaha ki hamAre pUrvajo ne dharma ko sarvopari sthAna diyA / // dharma ke nAma para // prazna yaha hai ki kyA dharma nyAya kI kasauTI para ghisa kara apane kharepana aura sArthakatA ko prakaTa kara sakA ? jisa mahatI zraddhA aura prema se mAnava ne dharma kI pUjA kI thI kyA dharma ne usa ko usa kA ucita hI phala diyA ? kyA vastava meM dharma ne mAnava jIvana ko Adarza banAyA ? kyA vAstava meM dharma ne saMsAra ko sanmArga dikhAkara usa kA kalyANa kiyA ? kyA saMsAra ke loga dharma kA pAlana karake bhayAnaka ApattiyoM aura ghora kaSToM se mukti pAsa ke ? kyA vAstava meM mAnava ne dharma kI taraNI para baiThakara saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kiyA ! kyA dharma kA pAlana karane se mAnava vAstava meM paramAtmapada ko prApta huA ! saMsAra kA itihAsa ina saba praznoM kA uttara niSedharUpa meM hI detA hai / yoropa aura eziyA saMsAra meM sarvatra dharma ke nAma para bar3e 2 yuddha hue

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( 140 ) jina meM asaMkhya niraparAdha prANiyoM kA raktapAta huaa| yoropa kI inkvIjozana aura sTAra cambara nyAyAlaya nAma kI do dhArmika adA. latoM meM jo romAMcakArI durghaTanAeM huI una ko par3ha kara hRdaya dahala uThatA hai| ina donoM dhArmika nyAyAlayoM meM dharma ke nAma para anekoM niraparAdha vyaktiyoM ke sira ta navAroM se kATa diye jAte the| aura bahutoM ko jindA hI zraga meM jalA diyA jAtA thaa| kevala ina do dhArmika adAlata meM hI dharma ke nAma para eka karor3a niraparAdha vyaktiyoM ko mRtyu kA daNDa diyaa| isI prakAra bhArata meM auraGgajeba kI dharmAndhatA ko loga abhI taka nahIM bhUne haiN| saMsAra meM dharma ke nAma para hRdaya ko kaMpAne vAlI yaMtraNAeM logoM ko dI gii| striyoM para atyAcAra kiye gae aura abodha bAlakoM ko talavAra ke ghATa utArA gayA / dharma ke nAma para mAnava ne aise 2 pora pAra kiye jina kI saMbhAvanA rAkSasoM aura pazuoM se bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| basavIM sadI vaijJAnika yuga hai| isa ko vikAsavAda kA yuga bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA mAnara bar3A sabhya aura unnata mAnA jAtA hai kintu umane bhI dharma kI duhAI dekara aise 2 atyAcAra kiye haiM jina ko prakaTa karate bhI lajjA pAtI hai / dUra jAne kI kyA zrAvazyakatA hai / abhI thor3A samaya pahale man 1647 meM jaba bhArata kA vibhAjana huA uma mamaya dharmAndhatA ke kAraNa mAnava ne mAnava para jo bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye ve ki / te nUne haiM / dharma ke nAma para manuSya ne apanI jAti aura bhAI bandhunoM ta / para aise 2 ghora anyAya kyei hai ki yadi una kI tulanA rAkSa yA pazu se kI jAya to yaha unako lAMchana lagAnA hogaa| isa prakAra dharma ke nAma para hue atyAcAroM ko yadi vistAra pUrvaka likhA jAya to eka svatantra pustaka taiyAra ho jAe / zrastu, yaha saba kyoM huA? kyA dharma ne mAnava jAti ko yahI kucha nivAyA thA ? kyA dharma kI buniyAda hamAre pUrvajoM ne inhIM atyAcAroM

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para rakkhI thI? kyA dharma kA AviSkAra mAnava jAti ke saMhAra ke liye kiyA gayA ? kyA dharma kA pradhAna lakSya saMmAra meM phUTa DAlakara paraspara kalaha aura atyAcAra karavAnA hI thA? ina saba prazroM kA uttara bhI niSedharUpa meM ho minatA hai| ina praznoM kA uttara jainadharma kA anekAntavAda detA hai| anekAntavAda kA kahanA hai ki dharma kA uddezya bahuta UMcA hai dharma utama zikSA detA hai aura saMsAra ko unnati patha kI ora le jAtA hai| dharma phUTa nahIM kintu sagaThana aura zAnti ke saMdeza kA pracAra karatA hai| ki tu samajhane vAnoM ne usa kA ThIka svarUpa nahIM smjhaa| unhoM ne use galata samajhA aura usa galata samajhane kA pariNAma yaha huA ki saMsAra meM dharma ke nAma para aneka utgata aura atyAcAra hue dharma kA nAma badanAma huaaa| ataeva saMsAra meM jo atyAcAra hue ve dharma ko samajhane vAloM kI ajJAnatA ke kAraNa hue, dharma kA isa meM koI doSa nahIM thaa| dharma kI nIMva to satya para hI rakavI gaI thI. aura usa kA AviSkAra mAnava jAti ke kalyANa aura sukhazAnti ke liye hI kiyA gyaa| dharma kA pradhAna lakSya saMsAra se kalaha aura vaimanasya miTAkara saMgaThana kA hI pracAra karanA rahA hai kintu samajhane vAloM ne dharma ke pUrNasvarUpa ko na samajha kara uma ke ekAnta svarUpa ko samajhA aura usI ke kAraNa bhinna dharmoM meM kalaha kA bIjAropaNa huaa| udAharaNa ke liye jaina sAhitya meM eka kahAnI bAto hai jo kAphI prasiddha hai| ___kisI dehAta meM do andhe puruSa rahate the| u ha ne kabhI hAthI nahIM dekhA thaa| eka dina akasma t koI dhanI puruSa hAthI para car3hakara usa dehAta meM aayaa| yaha samAcAra una saba andhoM ko milA unheM hAyo dekhane kI vI utkaNThA huI aura ve use dekhane ko gae / eka andhe ne jAkara hAthI ko pUcha ko pakar3A / dUsare ne hAthI kI TAMgoM para

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(142) hAtha pheraa| tIsare ne usake peTa para hAtha claayaa| cauthe ne hAthI ke kAna ko pkdd'aa| pAMcaveM kA hAtha hAthI ke dAnta para jA par3A aura chaThe ne usakI sUDa para jA hAtha pherA / isa prakAra ve chaH andhe puruSa hAthI ko dekhakara apane ghara lauTa Ae : sAyaMkAla jaba ve saba ikaTTha baiTe to hAthI kA vrnn| karane lge| jisane kevala pUcha ko chuA thA usane hAthI ko rasse ke samAna batAyA / jisane TAMga ko pakar3A thA usane hAthI ko khambhe ke samAna btaayaa| jisane haath| ke peTa para hAtha pherA thA usane use eka bar3e ghar3e ke samAna batAyA / jimane kevana kAna ko chuaA tha. usane hAtho ko bar3e sUra ke samAna varNana kiyA / jisa ne keva na hAthI kA dAMta pakar3A thA usa ne use sIMga ke mamAna btaayaa| jisa ne hAthI ke sUDa kA sparza kiyA thA usa ne hAthI ko mUmala jaisA varNana kiyaa| isa prakAra saba ne hAthI kA bhinna 2 svarUpa varNana kiyA / aura ane samajhe mvarUA ko satya mAna kara ve aApasa meM jhagar3ane lage / una meM se pratyeka andhA joradAra zabdoM meM apane dekhe hasti ke svarUpa kI ho puSTi karatA thaa| itane meM aAMkhoM vAlA eka puruSa vahA~ se guj'raa| vaha una ke jhagar3e ke mUla kAraNa ko samajha gayA aura usa ne una se kahA ki tuma vyartha meM hI Apasa meM jhagar3a rahe ho / anekAnta ke siddhAnta ke anusAra vAstava meM tuma sabhI sacce ho / tuma meM se kisI ne bhI saMpUrNa hAthI ko nahIM dekhA kintu usa ke bhinna 2 aMgoM ko dekhA hai aura tuma una bhinna aMgoM ko hI hAthI samajha baiThe ho / tumhArI hara eka kI bAta usa aMga kI apekSA jo usa ne dekhA hai saccI hai / pUcha kI apekSA hAthI rasse ke samAna, TAMga kI apekSA khaMbhe ke samAna, peTa kI apekSA ghar3e ke samAna, kAna kI apekSA sUpa ke samAna, dAMta kI apekSA sIMga ke samAna, aura sUDa kI apekSA mUsala ke samAna kahalA sakatA hai kintu ekAnta dRSTi se hAthI.ko rasse yA khaMbhe ke samAna samajhanA ajJAnatA hai|'

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( 143 ) ima kathAnaka meM anekAntavAda kA sAra yAjAtA hai / isa se yaha bhI bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa hai ki kisI bhI vastu ko yadi hama ekAnta dRSTiM se dekheMge to hameM usa ke pUrNa svruu| kA jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| pratyeka vastu kA jJAna pUrNa rUpa se karane ke liye anekAnta dRSTi ko zrAvazyakatA hai aura anekAnta dRSTi anekAnta darzana ke jJAna se hI mila sakatI hai / // eka hI vastu meM do virodhI dharma // anekAntavAda ke pratipakSiyoM ne yaha kaha kara ki eka hI vastu meM do virodhI dharma nahIM raha sakate anekAntavAda kA pratyAkhyAna karane kA prayatna kiyA kintu ve isa meM saphala nahIM ho ske| hama dekhate haiM ki saMsAra ke sAre padArtha anekAnta naka yA aneka dharmAtmaka haiM / sAgaradatta nAma kA eka hI puruSa kisI kA pitA, kisI kA putra, kisI kA pati, kisI kA mAmA aura kisI kA nAnA Adi hotA hai| jisa samaya putra ke dvArA usa ko pitA kaha kara pukArA jAtA hai uma samaya vaha anya putra, pati, mAmA, aura nAnA Adi aneka viruddha dharmoM ko bhI dhAraNa karatA hai isase yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha aneka vilakSaNa kAryoM ke astitva ko rakhate hue aneka dharmAtmaka hai| sAgaradatta na kevala pitA hI hai, na kevala putra hI hai aura na kevala pati hI hai kintu bhinna 2 apekSA se vaha saba kucha hai| dArzanika vidvAn mAnanIya paM. mANika candra jo ne anekAntavAda kA vizleSaNa bar3e hI sundara aura spaSTa zabdoM meM isa prakAra kiyA hai:-* "saMyoga sambandha se parvata meM agni hai kintu niSThatva sambAdha se * dekho jaina darzana kA syAdvAdAGka pRSTha 110 /

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( 144 ) ani meM vahI parvata ThaharatA hai / svani viSayitA nirUpita viSayatA samvandha se graMtha meM jJAna nivAsa karatA hai, sAtha hI svaniSTha viSayitA nirUpita viSayitA sambandha se jJAna meM artha Thahara jAtA hai / janyatva sambandha se beTe kA bAta hai / usI samaya janakatva sambandha se bAra kA beTA hai / sanatrAya sambandha se DAliyA~ vRkSa hai, tadaiva samavetasva sambandha se vRkSa meM DAliyAM haiM / / yoM dharmokA dharma bana jAnA aura dharma kA dharmI bana jAnA jaina darzana ke siddhAnta ke anusAra koI virodha nahIM rakhatA hai agni meM dArukatva, pAcakatva, sphoTakatva, zoSakatva, prakAzatva dharmoM ke sAtha hI zaityasampAdakatva dharma bhI hai / agni se phurase hue ko se hI sekA jAtA hai / 'viSasya viSamavam' garmI kA ilAja garmI hI hai / jala se soMcane para to ghAtra meM cauganI dAha bar3ha jAtI hai / jala se bamAI barpha ke Tukar3e 2 meM garmI ghur3I huI hai, samudra meM bar3avAnala hai / " isase pAThakoM ko bhalI bhAMti spaSTa hogayA hogA ki virodhI dharma eka sthAna meM raha sakate aura rahate haiM / saMsAra ke saba padArtha aneka dharmAtmaka hai ataH unako anekAntavAda kI dRSTi se dekhanA hI anekAntavAda kA sAra hai / isI zranekAntavAda ko syAdvAda bhI kahate haiM / syAt zabda kA artha hai 'kathaMcit' yA kisI kI apekSA se / isaliye bahuta se loga anekAntavAda ko kathaMcidvAda aura apekSAvAda ke nAmoM se bhI pukArate haiM kintu siddhAnta vAstava meM eka hI hai / sapta bhaMgI / isI syAdvAda ko jaina darzana meM saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai / vastu aura usake pratyeka dharma kA vidhAna aura niSedha sApekSa hone ke kAraNa vastu aura usake dharma kA pratipAdana sAta prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai / jaise:

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( 145 ) (1) syAdasti- kathaMcit hai / (2) syAt nAsti- nahIM hai| (3) syAdasti nAsti - hai aura nahIM hai| (2) syAdavaktavyam -- avAcya hai| (5) syAdasti zravakta.vyaM ca - hai aura avAcya hai / (6) syAnnAsti zravaktavyaM ca- nahIM hai aura avAcya hai / (7) syAdasti, nAsti, avaktavyaM ca - kathacit hai, nahIM hai aura avAcya hai| ina sAtoM prakAra ke samUha ko saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai| ina sAtoM vAkyoM kA mUla vidhi aura pratipedha hai, isa kAraNa bahuta se vidvAn isako vidhi pratipedha mUlaka paddhati ke nAma se bhI pukArate haiM / isa prakAra yaha saptabhaMgI jaina darzana kI hI apanI vizeSatA hai| bhArata ke anya kisI bhI darzana meM isa prakAra kA kramabaddhaH saptabhagI kA varNana nahIM miltaa| hA~ vaidika darzana meM sat, asat ubhaya aura anirvacana ya bhaMgoM kA varNana milatA hai jisase jainadarzana ke mantavya kI puSTi hotI hai / bauddha dharma bhI anekAnta darzana se bahuta prabhAvita rahA hai| baddha darzana meM catuSkoTi ke nAma se prasiddha jo sat , asat , ubhaya aura anubhaya kA yatra tatra varNana milatA hai vaha isa satya kA poSaka hai| samabhaMgI kA varNana karate hue suyogya vidvAn paM0 kailAzacandra jI zAstrI likhate haiM kiH ___ "jaba * hama kisI vastu ko sat kahate haiM to hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki usa vastu ke svarUpa kI apekSA se hI use sat kahA jA sakatA hai| para vastu ke svarUra kI apekSA se duniyA kI * degniye jaina darzana kA syAdvAdAMka pR0 62 /

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( 146 ) - - - - - pratyeka vastu amat hai / devadatta kA putra duniyA bhara ke manuSyoM kA putra nahIM hai aura na devadatta saMsAra bhara ke putroM kA pitA hai| yadi devadatta apane ko saMsAra bhara ke putroM kA pitA kahane lage to usa para baha mAra par3e jo jIvana bhara bhulAe se bhI na bhUle / kyA imase hama yaha natIjA nahIM nikAla sakate haiM ki devadatta pitA hai nahIM bhI hai / ataH saMsAra meM jo kucha hai, vaha kimI apekSA se nahIM bhI hai / marvathA sat yA sarvathA agat koI vastu ho nahIM makatI / isI apekSAvAda kA sUcaka syAt ' zabda hai jise jainatattvajJAnI apane vacana vyavahAra meM prayukta karatA hai / isI ko dArzanika bhASA meM syAt sat aura-syAt asat kahA jAtA hai| zabda kI pravRtti vaktA ke adhIna hai; ataH pratyeka vastu meM donoM dharmoM ke rahane para bhI vaktA apane 2 dRSTikoNa se unakA ullekha karate haiM / jaise do AdamI sAmAna kharIdane ke liye bAz2Ara jAte haiM; vahAM kisI vastu ko eka acchI batalAtA hai, dUsarA use burI batalAtA hai| donoM meM bAta bar3ha jAtI hai taba dukAnadAra yA koI rAhagIra unheM samajhAte hue kahatA hai-bhAI ! kyoM jhagar3ate ho ? yaha cIz2a acchI bhI, hai aura burI bhI hai| tumhAre liye acchI hai aura inake liye burI hai / apanI 2 nigAha hI to hai| ye tInoM vyakti tIna taraha kA vacana vyavahAra karate haiM-pahalA vidhi kahatA hai, dUsarA niSedha aura tIsarA donoN| vastu ke ukta donoM dharmoM ko yadi koI eka sAtha kahane kA prayatna kare to vaha kabhI bhI nahIM kaha sakatA / kyoMki zabda eka samaya meM eka hI dharma kA kathana kara sakatA hai / aisI dazA meM vastu avAcya kahI jAtI hai| ukta cAra vacana vyavahAroM ko dArzanika bhASA meM

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( 147 ) "syAt sat', "syAt asat", "syAt sad sada", aura syAdavaktavya kahate haiM / saptabhaMgI ke mUla yahI cAra bhaga haiM / ina hI meM se caturtha bhaMga ke sAtha kramazaH pahale dUsare aura tIsare bhaMga ko milAne se pAMcavAM, chaThA aura sAMtavAM bhaMga banatA hai|" samanvaya / maiM pAThakoM ko batA rahA thA ki anekAntavAda ne saMsAra ko pArasparika prema aura sandhi kA sandeza diyA hai| jaba kabhI anya dharmA ke anuyAyI apanI apanI ekAnta dRSTi se kisI zAstrIya siddhAnta para jhagar3e haiM to anekAntavAda unakI sulaha karAtA rahA hai| vaha sadA se yahI kahatA AyA hai ki ekAntavAda se vastu tattva kA sasya nirUpaNa nahIM ho sktaa| udAharaNa ke liye vastra ko liijiye| bauddha darzana ke 'sarve kSaNika satvAt' isa pradhAna niyama ke anusAra 'vastra' sadA kSaNika ThaharatA hai / bauddha darzana ke sarvathA viparIta sAMjyadana usI stra ko sarvathA avinAzI aura nitya mAnatA hai| ina donoM ke virodha kA nirNaya kisa prakAra ho ? aise samaya meM anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta hI donoM ke vivAda kI yutiyoM kA samAdhAna karake donoM meM sandhi karavAtA haiM / vaha aisA niSpakSa nirNaya detA hai jo donoM ko mAnya ho / anekAnta do dRSTiyoM se tattva vyavasthA karatA hai| pahalI dravya dRSTi hai jo vastu ko nitya siddha karatI hai / dravya kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| dUsarI paryAya dRSTi hai jo use anitya batAtI hai / paryAya dRSTi se jaba hama vastra kI ora dhyAna dete haiM to patA calatA hai ki vahI vastra jo kucha kAla pUrva navIna mAnA jAtA thA uttarottara jIrNa avasthA ko prApta hokara purAnA kahalAne lagatA hai| koI bhI vastu jaba jINaM ho

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(148 ) - - jAtI hai to usakA jIrNa gnA eka hI dina ke parivartana kA pariNAma nahIM hotA kintu sUkSma rUpa sevaha vastu pratikSaNa jIrNa hotI rahatI hai jisakA hameM patA nahIM cala paataa| jaba vaha pUrNarUpa se jIrNa hojAtI hai taba hama use cakSu indriya se dekha pAte haiM / ataeva paryAya dRSTi se vicAra karane para bauddhoM kA vastra ko kSaNika mAnane kA mantavya Thoka siddha hotA hai| umI vastra ko jaba hama dravya kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM to use avinAzo pAte haiN| jina paramANugoM se vaha bastra banA hai ve nAzavAn nahIM hai| unake zrAkAra meM parivartana bhale hI hotA rahe kintu dravya kA nAza kabhI nahIM hotaa| isa kAraNa dravya dRSTi se vahI vastra nitya siddha hotA hai jo paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya thaa| isa prakAra nitya aura anitya ye donoM dharma vastrarUpa vastu ke aMza hai| pUrNa vastu nityAnityAsmaka hai| isa prakAra jaina dharma ne anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta se bauddha aura sAMkhyamatAnuyAyiyoM ke virodha ko zAnta kara diyA aura niSpakSa vyavasthA do jo donoM ko mAnya ho / isa taraha anekAntavAda apanA niSpakSa nirNaya dekara anya dhamI ke saiddhAntika kalaha ko miTAtA rahA hai| anya dharmoM meM samanvaya karAnA aneka ntavAda kA uddezya rahA hai| yadi saMsAra ne anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ko bhalI bhAMti samajhA hotA aura usakA pAlana kiyA hotA to saMsAra kA itihAsa dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bhayAnaka ranapAta aura ghora atyAnAroM se kabhI dUSita na hotaa| zrAjakala bhI jo dharma ke nAma para aneka vAda vivAda aura kalaha hote rahate haiM unakA anta bhI anekAnta darzana kI zaraNa meM jAkara hI ho sakatA hai| anekAntavAda saMsAra ko zAnti aura prema kA sandeza detA hai|

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( 146 ) syAdvAda ke varttamAna anuyAyI / yaha to huA saMsAra ke prati syAdvAda kA sandeza aura upayoga | aba dekhanA yaha hai ki jisa dharma kA yaha darzana hai usa ke varttamAna anuyAyiyoM ne isa ko kisa prakAra samajhA hai ? kyA ve isa kA sadupa yoga aura pAlana kara rahe hai ! kyA varttamAna jaina dharmAnuyAyI anekAntavAda ke vAstavika sAra aura mahatva ko samajhate haiM aura usa kA pAlana karate haiM ? kyA jaina samAja ke kisI bhI sAmAjika yA AdhyAtmika kSetra meM kAryarUpa se isa siddhAnta kI zaraNa lI jAtI hai ? ityAdi saba praznoM kA uttara nirAzAjanaka hI milatA hai| dUsaroM ko ekAntavAdI banane se rokane vAle Aja hama svayaM ekAntavAdI bane baiThe haiM | itara dharmoM kA mamanvaya karAne vAle grAna hama apane hI dharma kA samanvaya nahIM kara pAte / saca pUcho to dUsaroM ke sAmane apane darzana kI mahimA gAne vAloM ne hI Aja apane darzana kI durdazA kara DAlI hai / mUrtipUjaka, digambara, sthAnakavAsI, terahapathI, yati aura phira unameM bhI gaccha aura Tole Adi jaina dharma ke aneka sampradAya aura zAkha meM kitanA bhISaNa vaimanasya, vidveSa aura kaTutA bar3ha rahI hai / eka hI saMskRti ke putra, rI hokara bhI saba eka dUsare ko zatru samajhate haiM / eka zAkhA ke anuza yI dUsarI zAkhA vAle ko midhyAttrI kahate haiM aura Aja ke sudhAraka vidvAnoM aura munirAjoM kI sArI zakti eka dUsare kI nindA karane meM naSTa hotI hai / prAyaH satra ekAntavAda ko pakar3e baiThe haiM jisakA pariNAma hI vaimanasya aura dveSa ko vRddhi karanA hotA hai / phUTa kA sarvatra sAmrAjya hai jo dina pratidina samAja kI jar3oM ko khokhalA kara rahI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saca upAsaka hote hue bhI unakI jayantI manAne ke liye eka sthAna meM ekatrita nahIM ho sakate / eka hI jainadharma .

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( 150 ) meM eka sampradAya ke anuyAyI dUsarI sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ko zrAhAra pAnI taka dene ko rokate haiM / saugaMde khilAI jAtI haiM aura niyama taka karavAe jAte haiM / mUrtipUjaka kI kanyA yadi sthAnakavAsI ke yahAM vidhAhI jAye yA sthAnakavAsI kI mUrtipUjaka ke yahAM vivAhI jAye to sAmpradAyika bhinnatA ke kAraNa usa kanyA se burA vyavahAra taka karane se saMkoca nahIM kiyA jaataa| khullama khullA eka dUsare ko bhar3akAne vAle vyAkhyAna dete haiN| eka dUsare ko kalako ThaharAte haiM, bAIkATa karate haiM aura jAti se bahiSkAra taka karane meM tula jAte haiM | kahAM taka likhA jAya jaina samAja meM prAba jitanI phUTa hai zAyada hI anya kisI jAti yA dharma meM hogii| kyA yahI anekAntavAda kI zikSA hai ? kyA isI prakAra anekAntavAda ko jIvana meM utArA jAtA hai ? kyA yahI anekAntabAda kA marma aura sandeza hai ? kyA anekAntavAda ke mahatva ko prakaTa karane kA yahI uttama DhaMga hai ? kyA dUsaroM ke sAmane anekAntavAda ke aAdarza ko prakaTa karane kA yahI sundara prakAra hai ? kitanI lajA kI bAta hai hamAre liye ki vizva ko samanvaya aura zAnti se bharA huaA anekAntabAda kA sandeza dene vAle jana dharma ke anuyAyI Aja svayaM ekAntavAdI bane baiThe haiN| jisakA pAlana ma svayaM nahIM kara rahe, dUsaroM se usakA pAlana karavAne ko prAzA kaise kara sakate hai| saMgaThana kI AvazyakatA / aba bhI samaya hai aura bhUleM sudhArI jA sakatI haiN| sArA saMsAra Age bar3ha rahA hai aura hama pIche haTa rahe hai| aAkhira kitanIka hai saMkhyA hamArI ? bahuta thor3I hai aura usameM bhI itane sampradAya aura zakhAe~ ! itanI bar3I phUTa ! yadi yahI dazA aura kucha kala taka calatI raho to jaina samAja patana ke garta se bana nahIM skegaa| saMsAra

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( 151 ) ke bar3e 2 rASTra aura zaktiyAM saMgaThita ho rahI haiM / saGgaThana ke binA vartamAna yuga meM bar3e 2 rASTra bhI apane Apako nirbala pAte haiN| kahAM alpa sI saMkhyA vAle hama! itane bar3e vizva meM kyA hai hamArI hasto, kabhI socA Apane ! aura phira itanI alpa saMkhyA meM itanI bar3I phUTa aura bhedabhAva / aba choTe 2 sada bhedabhAvoM ko miTAne kA samaya haiM / yadi inheM na miTAyA gayA to bhayAnaka patana avazyambhAvI hai / aba saGgaThita hone kA samaya hai / saGgaThita jAti yA dharma hI saMsAra meM apanI matA kAyama rakha skeNge| samAja kI sArI zaktiyA~ jo vyartha meM pArArika kSudra kalaha aura vitaNDAvAda meM lagAI jAtI haiM unheM samAja ke sundara aura suvyavasthita nirmANa meM lagAnA cAhiye / tIrthakara digambara the yA zvetAmbara the| koI mandira meM jAkara unakI pUjA kare, yAM mUrtipUjA ko ThIka na samajhe, koI mukhavastrikA ko hAtha meM rakkhe yA usako mukha para gdha le, mukhavastrikA kA zrAkAra bar3A ho yA choTA, Adi aneka sAdhAraNa bAtoM ko pradhAnatA yA mahattva dekara unake liye kalaha yA vivAda karane kA samaya nahIM hai / atra AvazyakatA hai yaha samajhane kI ki tIrthaGkaroM ko mAnane vAle, jaina saMskRti ko pAlane vAle aura anekAntavAda meM zraddhA rakhane vAle saba jaina samAna haiM / baina hI kyoM, saMsAra kA pratyeka mAnava jo upayukta bAtoM meM zraddhA rakhatA hai aura unakA pAlana karatA hai vaha jaina hai| anekAntavAda kI zaNa bAkara yadi hama isa prakAra kI vizAlatA dikhAe~ge tabhI hama apane khoe hue gaurava ko pAne meM samartha ho skeNge| saMkucita vAtAvaraNa / Ajakala jaina samAja meM bahuta saMkucita vAtAvaraNa phailA huA hai| jaba do jaina bhAI Apasa meM milate haiM to sabase pahalA prazna jo

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( 152 ) eka dUsare se pUchatA hai yaha hai -'yAra kaunasI sampradAya ko mAnate haiM ? digambarI haiM, zvetAmbarI haiM yA teraha paMtho haiM ? ityAdi yadi donoM eka ho sampradAya ke nikale taba to ThIka varan una donoM kA kevala jaina honA unako eka hI premasUtra meM nahIM bAMdha sktaa| yahIM taka nahIM eka hA sampradAya ke hokara bhI yadi donoM ke guru bhinna hue to bhI ve eka dUsare se pITha maror3a kara hI calate haiM / kitanI choTI aura kSudra bAteM haiM ye ! kyA isI prakAra ke prAvaraNa se jaina samAja ko unnati patha para lAne ko sambhAvanA ko jAsakatA hai ? vartamAna jaina mamAja ke prAyaH jitane subAraka aura pracAraka haiM una sabakA dhyAna ekamAtra bAr3e bandiyoM kI ora lagA huA hai| sAre jaina samAja kA hita kisa bAta meM hai isakI ora koI dhyAna nahIM detaa| koI yaha socane kA kaSTa nahIM karatA ki ina vAr3e bandiyoM se sAre jaina samAja kA kalevara jINa hotA jA rahA hai aura usakA phala sArA jaina tamAja bhugata rahA hai / koI bhI isa ekAntava:da ke bhISaNa pariNAma para dhyAna nahIM detaa| yadi detA hotA to isa prakAra uttarottara guTabandiyoM kI abhivRddhi na ho paatii| ina guTabandiyoM ke kAraNa samAja ke lAkhoM rupaye pArasparika jhagar3oM ke pariNAmabhUta mukaddamoM ko lar3ane meM vyaya kiye jAte haiN| isa prakAra samAja sudhAra para dhana ko na lagA kara usakA durupayoga kiyA jAtA hai yA dUsare zabdoM meM samAja ko bigAr3ane ke liye dhana kharca kiyA jAtA hai| vahI dhana yadi samAja meM zikSA pracAra aura sAhitya unnati para kharca kiyA jAtA to kitanA upakAra aura lAbha hotA kintu ina bAtoM kI ora dhyAna dene kI phurasata kisako milatI hai, jhagar3oM se samaya bace taba na / astu, hameM ina saba bAtoM ko chor3anA hogaa| samAja meM saMkucita vAtAvaraNa paidA karane vAlI saba zaktiyoM kA nAza karanA paramAvazyaka hai aisA karane se hI hama anekAntavAda kI vizAlatA kI ora bar3ha sakate hai|

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( 153 ) anta meM maiM apane bhAiyoM se yahI prArthanA karUgA ki yadi ce jaina saMskRti ko punarujjIvita karanA cAhate haiM to saba sAmpradAyika matabhedoM ko aura guTabandiyoM ko miTA deM aura jaina samAja meM sagaThana paidA kara ke usa kI unnati ke liye kaTibaddha ho baaeN| ve choTI 2 bAnoM ko ThukarA kara samAja ke sacce sudhAra kSetra meM utareM, anekAnta. vAda kA pahale svayaM pAlana kareM aura phira usa kA upadeza pUrvavat saMsAra ko deN| jaina dharmAvalambI aAja apane dharma ko, apanI saMskRtiko aura apane darzana ko bhUla gae haiN| ve nAmamAtra ke jainI raha gae haiN| una ko cAhiye ki ve vizva ko zAMti aura saMgaThana kA sandeza dene vAle apane anekAnta darzana ko samajheM aura usako jIvana meM utaareN| anekAntavAda ke pAlana se hI sabakA kalyANa hegaa|

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phaphaphaphaphaphapha zramaNa-saMskRti meM Izvara kA sthAna QUZUZUZUZVELELELELE.LVvv2v2vZUZLELE saMsAra ke saba tattvoM aura rahasyoM meM Izvara hI sabase adhika dUra vagamya tatva aura mahazya hai / eka hI tatva kI khoja aura jJAna ke liye jagat meM aneka dharma, sampradAya aura siddhAntoM kI sRSTi hI IzvarIya gUr3ha tattva ko siddha karatI hai| zrAstikavAda se sambaMdha rakhane vAle yA dUsare zabdoM meM karmasiddhAnta ko mAnane vAle saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI dharma aura sampradAya kisI na kisI rUpa meM Izvara kI sattA ko mAnate hI hai / ve Izvara ke lakSaNa, guNa yA paribhASAeM bhale hI apane 2 dRSTikoNa se bhinna 2 karate hoM aura mAnate hoM kintu usakI sattA ke viSaya meM kisI ko bhI vivAda nahIM hai| nIce likhe uddharaNa se Izvara ke viSaya meM aneka dharmoM aura sampradAyoM kI zraddhA kA bhalI prakAra patA calatA hai: yaM zaitrAH samupAsate zitra iti brahma eti vedAntino, bauddhA buddha iti pramANapaTavaH karteti naiyAyikAH / yamityatha jainazAsanaratAH karmeti mImAMsakAH, so'yaM vo vidadhAtu vAJchitaphalaM trailokyanAtho hariH // : arthAt jisa Izvara ko zivopAsaka ziva rUpa meM, vedAntI loga brahma rUpa meM, bauddha vuddha rUpa meM, pramANapaTu naiyAyika kartA rUpa meM, jainazAsana ko mAnane vAle jaina zraIn ke rUpa meM, zraura mImAMsaka

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( 155 ) karma rUpa meM mAnate haiM aisA tIna lokoM kA svAmI Izvara tumhArI icchA kA anurUpa phala de| aneka dharmI aura sampradAyoM ne Izvara ko apane 2. siddhAntoM meM kisa prakAra raMga rakkhA hai. usakI sattA meM kaimI bhinnatA mAnI hai aura usake lakSaNa aura svarUpa meM kitanA antara kiyA hai ye bhAva sUtrarUpa meM upayukta zloka se spaSTa samajhe jA sakate haiN| isase yaha bhI sazaSTa hai ki upAsanA ke prakAra bhinna 2 hote hue bhI IzvarIya mattA ke viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM / imI mantavya kI puSTi bhagavAn kRSNa gItA meM bhI arjuna ko upadeza dete hue karate haiM ki jo loga jisa kisI rUpa meM bhI merI upAsanA karate haiM unako maiM umI rUpa meM milata hUM / jisa prakAra eka hI nadI ke aneka pravAha bana jAte haiM aura anta meM sa.re ho antima lakSya sAgara meM jA milate haiM isI prakAra bhinna 2 dharmoM aura sampradAyoM ke Izvara kI upAsanA ke mArga aneka avazya haiM kintu Izvara rUpa antima lakSya sabake sAmane eka hI hai / Izvara viSayaka jJAna kI utpatti kA mUla / mAnava jAti kisa prakAra bhinna 2 avasthAoM aura paristhiyoM meM se gujara kara uttarotara vikAsa aura utthAna kI ora bar3hI isakA bahuta kucha patA hameM vizva ke prAcIna itihAsa se calatA hai| mAnava apUrNa hai ataH vaha sadA se pUrNatA kI ora bar3hane kA prayatna karatA -prAyA hai| vaha sadA se hI aisA nahIM rahA jaisA vaha aAja hai kintu usakA zrAba kA jJAna aneka sadiyoM ke nirantara prayatna kA hai pariNAma hai| isa jJAna ke ugarjana ke liye kaI bAra usako aneka kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A kintu pUrNatA kI ora bar3hane kI

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( 156 ) lagana ne manuSya ko nirAza nahIM hone diyaa| jisa prakAra kA saMgharSa vaha zrAja kara rahA hai isI prakAra anAdi kAla se karatA AyA hai; antara kevala itanA hai ki zrAja kA saMgharSa bhautikavAda kI ora hai aura prAcIna saMgharSa AdhyAtmika tattva kI ora thA, astu, yahAM pAThakoM ke liye yaha darzAnA hai ki jisa samaya manuSya ke mastiSka kA vivAma honA prArambha huA usa samaya jaba 2 mAnavo buddhi prAkRtika rahasyoM ko na samajha pAI to usameM aneka prakAra ke tarka vitarka uThane lage / prakRti ke gUr3ha rahasya bar3e jaTila the aura unako samajha lenA asambhava nahIM to nitAnta kaThina avazya thA / mAnava ne sUrya ke tetra, candramA kI zItala cAndanI. tArAgaNa se paripUrNa nabhamaNDala, kSitija kI rekhA taka phaile hue mahAsAgara, hare bhare vistRta araNya aura gaganacumbI parvatoM kI aora apanA mastiSka dor3AyA aura unameM jIvana kI sundaratA aura mAnavatA ke mAdhurya ko vyApaka rUpa meM paayaa| prakRti kI ina vibhUtiyoM meM usane aAkarSaNa ho zrAkarSaNa bharA paayaa| ina prAkRteka aAkarSaNoM ke kAraNa vaha jIvana ke mahatva ko uttarottara aura adhika samajhane lagA aura sAMsArika sukhoM ke liye usakI tRSNA bar3hane lgii| kintu isa sukhada anubhava ke sAtha 2 manuSya ne jvAlAmukhI parvatoM kA phaTanA, bhucAla zrAnA, bAdaloM kI bhayAnaka garjanA aura unase vidyut patana, atavRSTi ke kAraNa jana-prakopa. aura mahAmArI a.di aneka bhayaGkara rogoM kI utpatti prAdi aneka vizva kA vidhvaMsa karane vAle prAkRtika kopa aura vizvoM ko de vA aura unakA kaTu anubhava kiyaa| prAkRtika kopoM kA sAmanA karane kI bAta to dUra rahI unake vAstavika rahasya ko samajhanA bhI uma ke liye kaThina ho gyaa| manuSya ne agnA mastiSka lar3AyA aura prakRti ke rahasyoM ko samajhane kA pUrNa prayatna kiyA kiMtu ve rahasya zIghra hI samajha meM Ane vAle nahIM the| unake samajhane ke liye paryAma samaya ko zrAvazyakatA thii|

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( 157 ) aneka praznoM kI utpatti / mAnava socane lagA ki saMsAra meM jahAM aneka padArtha AkarSaka haiM vahAM bhayAvaha padArthoM kI bhI kamI nahIM / jIvana meM mAdhurya hai to kar3avApana usa se bhI adhika chiga par3A hai / saMsAra meM sukha hai to duHkha kA bhI anta nahIM / zrAtra jahAM sRSTi phanI phUnI hai kala vahAM kisI prAkRtika kopa se saMhAra ho jAtA hai / kucha kSaNa pUrva hI jo loga muskarAte the kucha kSaNa bAda hI ve rote cillAte dikha I dete haiM / Aja bo krIr3AsthAna ghATa bana jAtA hai / Aja ujAr3a ho jAtA hai / eka dUsare par3osa ke hI ghara meM hai alpa samaya ke pazcAt hI vaha zmazAna jahAM raMgaraliyAM manAI jArahI haiM kala vahAM ghara meM jIvana kI kaliyAM khila rahI haiM to mRtyu kI bhayAnakatA dRSTigocara hotI hai / yaha saba kyoM ? saMsAra meM itanI bar3I viSamatA kyoM ? kyA isa prakAra ke viSamatApUrNa vizvako kisI zaktivizeSa ne paidA kiyA thA yA yaha kisI ne utpanna nahIM kiyA kintu anAdikAla se aisA hI thA aura aisA hI calA AyA hai ? yadi kisI zaktivizeSa ne saMsAra ko utpanna kiyA to aisI bhayAnaka viSamatA kyoM rakhI ? yadi isa kA kartA yA saMcAlaka koI nahIM to isa kI niyamita vyavasthA kisa prakAra cala rahI hai ? kyA yaha vizva kI maryAdita vyavasthA bhI anAdikAla se yaMtravat calI A rahI hai ? yaha dRzyamAna carAcara saMsAra kyA isI rUpa meM sadA sthira rahegA yA isa kA kabhI pUrNarUpa se sahAra bhI ho jAtA hai ? yadi saMhAra ho jAtA hai to kyA vaha svayaM ho bAtA hai yA usakA bhI koI kartA hotA hai ? ina vAhya praznoM ke atirikta Antarika prazna bhI uThe / mAnava ke mastiSka meM vizva ke viSaya meM kaI vaha socane lagA ki vaha tatra jo ahaMrUpa se isa dRzyamAna saMsAra ke sukha duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai vaha kyA hai ? bhAMsita hotA hai aura

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( 158) vaha ahaMrUra tatva bhI spA saMsAra ke anya padAyoM kI bhA~ti utpanna zrIra nAza hotA hai yA vaha anAdi aura avinAzI tatva hai ? yadi vaha tattva anAdi aura nitya hai to usa kA sambandha saMsAra ke sAdi anitya yA nAzavAn padArthoM se kyoM aura kaise sambandha huzrA ? isa prakAra aneka jaTila aura duradhigamya prazra mAnavI buddhi ke vikAsa kAla meM mAnava ke mastiSka meM utpanna hue / vizva ke bhinna 2 pradezoM ke mAnavoM ne ina prazroM kA manana kiyA aura vizva ke vAhya tathA Antarika rahasyoM ko samajhane ke liye pUrNa prayatna kiyaa| aneka yugoM ke cintana aura manana ke pazcAt manuSya ne aAtma tatva ke rahasya ko samajhA aura IzvarIya sasA kI sthApanA huii| dIryakAla ke manana ke pazcAt mAnava isa nirNaya para pahuMca gayA ki isa vAhya saMsAra se pare Antarika saMsAra meM koI sarvaja aura sarvazaktimAn satA hai jinako Izvara karanA caahiye| usa sattA ko jaisA ki pahale bhI batAyA jA cukA hai sasAra ke bhinna 2 dharmoM ke vidvAnoM aura prAcAryoM ne apane 2 bhinna 2 dRSTikoNa se avazya mAnA kintu Izvara kI sattA ko sabane svIkAra kiyaa| saMsAra ke dhamoM aura sampradAyoM kI saMkhyA to bahuta bar3I hai aura una sabakI Izvara viSayaka mAnyatA yahAM nahIM dI jA sktii| yahAM to kevala vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM bhArata ke mahAn dhoM ke Izvara viSayaka mantavya hI sakSetra se diye jaaeNge| vaidika mantavya / vaidika dharma bhArata kA eka vizAla aura vyApaka dharma rahA hai| atiprAcIna vaidika saMskRti ke AdhAra para. hI vaidika dharma se aneka nae sampradAya nikale aura naI 2 dArzanika zAkhAoM kA ama huaa| una sampradAyoM aura zAstroM kI saMkhyA to bahuta bar3I hai ataH una

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( 156 ) saba para yahAM vistArabhaya se nahIM likhA jA sktaa| yahAM to pAThakoM ke sAdhAraNa jJAna ke liye kevala veda, vedAnta darzana, sAMsya aura nyAya. darzana ke Izvara viSayaka mantavyoM para hI sNksse| se prakaraza DAlA jaaygaa| veda meM Izvara sttaa| vaidika dharma kA sabase prAcIna grantha Rgveda hai| cAroM vedoM meM bhI Rgveda hI prAcInatama hai| isa veda ke adhyayana se yaha to spaSTa hai ki isake racanAkAla ke yA mAnyatA ke samaya Izvara viSayaka khoja kA itanA prAvatya nahIM thA jitanA ki bAda meM huaa| hAM Rgvaidika kAla meM logoM ke Izvara ke viSaya meM aura zRSTi ko utpatti ke viSaya meM kyA vicAra the ve bhalIbhAMti samajhe jAsakate haiM / usa kAla meM Izvara, jIva aura prakRti ina tInoM padArthoM ko anAdi mAnA jAtA thaa| nIce likhA maMtra isakI sAkSI detA hai: dvA tuparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM pariSasvajAte / tayoranthaH pippalaM smahatyanamamanyo amicAka zIti / / __ arthAt- *jaise do mamAna Ayu vAle aura mitratAyukta pakSI eka vRkSa para baiThate haiM, isI prakAra do anAdi aura mitratAyukta aAtmA arthAt- jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA anAdi prakRti meM rahate haiM / ina dono meM se eka ( arthAt jIvAtmA) isa prakRtirUpI vRkSa ke phala ko cakhatA hai (arthAtU-sukha duHkha bhogatA hai jo bhautika zarIra meM baMdhane kA pariNAma hai) aura dUsarA paramAtmA isake phala ko na khAtA huA (arthAt-sukha duHkha na bhogatA huaA) saba kucha dekhatA huna prakAzamAna ho rahA hai|' * dharmakA Adi sota pR0 134

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( 160 ) isa prakAra veda meM prakRti, jIva aura paramAtmA ina tInoM tattvoM ko anAdi mAnA hai| inameM prakRti jar3a hai parantu Izvara aura jIva donoM cetana haiN| Izvara sarvavyApaka hai kiMtu jIvAtmA kI zakti zarIra taka hI sImita hai| Izvara sarvajJa hai aura jIvAtmA alpajJa hai| jovAtmA aneka prakAra ke sukha duHkhoM ke baMdhanoM meM jakar3A huA hai kiMtu paramAtmA saba prakAra ke baMdhanoM se mukta hai| Izvara hI sRSTikartA hai| veda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra Izvara hI sRSTi kA kartA dhartA hai| beda sRSTi ko anAdi nahIM mAnatA kitu usakA mantavya hai ki kisI khAsa samaya meM Izvara ne sRSTi ko utpanna kiyA aura eka aisA bhI samaya AyagA jaba vaha sArI sRSTi kA saMhAra kara degaa| saMhAra ke bAda sArI sRSTi usI meM lIna hojaaegii| Rgveda meM sRSTi kI utpatti kA varNana isa prakAra milatA hai:___ RtaJca satyaM cAbhIddhAttapaso'dhyajAyata tato rAyajAyata / tataH samudro arNavaH samudrAdarNavAdadhi saMvatsaro ajAyata / aho rAtrANi vidadhad vizvAtya miSato vshii| sUryA candramasau dhAtA yathApUrvamakalpayat / divaJca pRthivIzvAntarikSamatho svaH // Rgveda maM0 10, sU0 161 arthAt-'sRSTi vikAsa se pUrva Izvara ne apane jJAna aura parAkrama se prathama anAdi upAdAna kAraNa ko prakaTa kiyaa| usa samaya divya rAtri thii| usake pazcAt zrAkAza va antarikSa kI sthApanA kii| zrAkAza sthApita karake sAMvatsarika gati paidA kI gii| phira saMsAra ko vaza meM karane vAle paramAtmA ne dainika gati kI utpatti kI jisase

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( 161) - rAtri aura dina hote haiN| saMsAra ke dhAraNa karane vAle sUrya, candramA, pRthvI tathA aAkAza ke anya nakSatroM ko unake madhyavattau antarikSa sahita usI prakAra racA jaisA usane pUrva kalpa meM racA thaa|' Rgveda ke atirikta anya vedoM meM bhI sRSTi kI utpatti kA varNana milatA hai| yajurveda meM saMsAra kI utpatti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai: tato virAIjAyata virAjo adhipUruSaH / sa jAto atyaricyata pazcAd bhUmimathopuraH // tasmAd yajJAt sarvahutaH saMbhRtaM pRSadAjyam / pazUstAMzca vAyavyAnAraNyA grAmyAzca ye // taM yajJa varhiSI protan puruSaM jAtamagrataH / tena devA ayajanta sAdhyA RSayazca ye // ___ arthat-'taba eka pradIpta piNDa utpanna huaa| usakA adhipati sarvavyApaka paramAtmA thaa| tatpazcAt usa pradIpta piNDa se pRthvI tathA anya zarIra pRthak hue ! usa sarvapUjya paramezvara ne vanaspati paidA kI bo bhojanAdi ke kAma meM zrAtI haiN| usane pazu banAe jo havA, jaMgala aura bastI meM rahate haiN| usane manuSyoM ko utpanna kiyA jinameM vidvAn aura RSi loga bhI hue jinhoMne usa anAdi aura upAsya paramAtmA kI pUjA kii| Izvara anAdi hai, isa sRSTi kA kartA hai aura saMhatA hai yaha uparyukta veda maMtroM se spaSTa hai / saMsAra ke nirmANa kI paddhati kA varNana bhI sApha zabdoM meM kiyA gayA hai| Izvara se ho yaha sArA sasAra utpanna huzrA aura anta meM saMhAra ke pazcAt usI meM yaha lIna hojAtA hai isI

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( 162) satya kI puSTi Age cala kara upaniSadoM ne bhI kI hai| maNDakopaniSada meM likhA hai ki:yathorNa nAbhi sRjate gRhNate ca yathA pRthivyAma SadhayaH saMbhavAnta / yathA sataH puruSAt kezalomAni tathA'kSarAt saMbhavatIha vizvam / / .. arthAt-jisa prakAra makar3I jAle ko apane zarIra meM se banAtI hai aura anta meM phira usa jAle ko apane meM ho aAkuJcita kara letI hai; aura jaise pRthvI se aneka prakAra kI auSadhiyeM paidA hotI haiM aura anta meM sabhI pRthvIrUpa ho hojAtI hai; jaise cetana purupa se kezAdi kI utpatti hotI hai, ThIka usI prakAra akSara, avikRta aura avinAzI Izvara se sAre vizva kI utpatti hotI hai aura anta meM sArA vizva usI Izvara meM lIna hojAtA hai / vedAnta darzana meM Izvara / vaidika dharma kI jitanI bhI dArzanika zAkhAe haiM una meM vedAnta darzana ke siddhAnta kA sthAna bahuta UMcA hai| vedAntadarzana meM Atmatatva aura paramAtmatattva kI jo khoja kI gaI hai vaha bar3I gaMbhora hai aura vedika dharma meM vedAnta mAnyatA ke anuyAyI cirakAla se bahata bar3I saMkhyA meM rahe haiM / jaba sArA bhAratavarSa mahatmA buddha ke prabhAva me bauddha dharmAvalambI hogayA thA usa samaya vedAntadarzana ke mahAn vidvAn svAmI zrI zaMkarAcArya ne vedAntadarzana pracAra karake hI punaH bhArata meM dhyApaka rUpa se vaidika dharma ko sthApanA kI thI / prastu, vedAnta darzana ko dvaitavAda aura advaitavAda nAma kI do bar3I zAkhAe hai| IzvarIya yA brahma kI sattA ko donoM mAnate haiM kintu donoM meM saidAntika bheda kAphI hai|

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(163 ) - - donoM ke mantavyoM ke saMkSipta nirdezana se pAThaka svayaM saiddhAntika bhinnatA ko samajha jaaeNge| dUtavAda... .. . ... dvaitavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi hama kaheM ki Izvara kA astitva nahIM hai to isa niSedhAtmaka vAkya se hI Izvara kA honA siddha ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra advaita zabda se hI dvaitavAda kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / jJAna sadaiva. dvaita hai kyoMki vaha jJAtA aura jJa ya meM rahatA hai| donoM kA anyonya prita sambaMdha hai / dvaitavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA ke anumAra jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ye donoM bhinna zaktiyA~ haiN| una kA kahanA hai ki paramAtmA jIva ke jJAna kA viSaya hai / advaitavAda / advaitavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi paramAtmA ko prAtmA ke jJAna kA viSaya mAna liyA jAe to yaha Avazyaka hai ki paramAtmA AtmA ke samakSa viSayarUpa ho kara upasthita hogaa| yadi vaha viSaya hai so prazna yaha uThatA hai ki vaha aAtmA ke aMtara meM kisa rIti se rahatA hai ? viSaya aura viSayI eka lakar3I ke do choroM ke samAna pRthak 2 hote haiM / eka chora kA dUsare chora ke aMtara meM zrAnA sarvathA asaMbhava hai| ataeva paramAtmA ko jIvAtmA kA viSaya na mAna kara jIvAtmA kA aMtaratama aAtmA mAnanA cAhiye / advaitavAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA eka hI haiM / una kA kahanA hai ki 'jIvo brahma kevalama' arthAt- bIva sAkSAt brahma hI hai| saMsAra meM brahmarUpa eka hI zakti hai jisa ke rUpa hameM aneka dikhAI dete haiN| jaise jala eka ho

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( 194) hai kintu bhinna 2 pArthivAMza kA saMyoga hone se bhinna 2 rUpa ko dhAraNa karatA hai / vahI jala nimbU ke paudhe ko diyA huA svahA ho jAtA hai, agUra kI latA ko sIMcane se mIThA ho jAtA hai aura aphIma ke paMdhei meM jAkara kaTu ho jAtA hai kintu bala vAstava meM eka hI hai / candramA eka hI hai ki tu tAlAba nadI aura samudrAdi meM pratibimba par3ane se aneka bhAsatA hai| ThIka isI prakAra eka hI brahma bhinna 2 ba voM ke rUpa meM aneka bhAsatA hai / jIvAtmA ke liye isa saMsAra kA astitva tabhI taka hai jaba taka vaha avidyA yA mAyA ke prAvaraNa se prAncha:dita hai / usa AvaraNa ke dUra hote hI vaha brahmarUpa hojAtA hai| yahI advaitavAda sAMkhya meM prakRti aura puruSa / vedAnta darzana meM jisa prakAra brahma aura mAyA kI pradhAnatA hai isI taraha se sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRti aura puruSa kI pradhAnatA hai / akhila cara aura acara, sUTa aura sahAra kA vivecana karane ke pazcAt sAMkhya isa nirNaya para pahuMcatA hai ki anta meM puruSa aura prakRta ye hI do svataMtra tathA anAdi mUlatatva avaziSTa rahate haiN| puruSa ko mokSa pra.pti tathA saba duHkhoM kI nivRtti ke liye prakRti se apanI bhinnatA ananI Avazyaka hai aura triguNAtIta honA paramAvazyaka hai| jaise kSetra aura kSetra vicAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa drama yA puruSa kA. nizcaya hotA hai isI prakAra kSara evaM anara jagat ke vicAro pariNAma svarUpa satva, raja, tama isa triguNAtmaka prakRtiH - ana kSema hai| puruSa aura prakRti se donoM tatva eka dUsare se bhiv| puruSa pevana hai aura prakRti jar3a hai| cetana puruSa bar3a pati ke nApa. saMyoga

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( 165 ) hone se isa paridRzyamAna jagat kI racanA hotI hai| vAstava meM puruSa to eka hI hai kintu triguNAtmaka prakRti ke sAtha saMyoga hone se asaMkhyarUpa meM bhAsatA hai / puruSa nirguNa hai aura prakRti saguNa hai puruSa ke lAbha ke liye prakRti puruSa ke sAmane apanA khela khelatI hai / bahuta se vidvAnoM ne prakRti puruSa kI sattA ko mAnate hue una donoM se pare paramAtma tattva kI sattA ko mAnA hai| unakA kathana hai ki prakRti aura puruSa ye paramAtma tattva kI hI vibhUtiyeM haiM / maharSi bedavyAsa sAMkhya kA varNana karate likhate haiM:hue - uttamaH puruSastvanyaH paramAtmetyudAhRtaH / yo lokatrayamAvizya bibhartyavyaya IzvaraH // gItA 15 | 17 arthAt jo puruSa aura prakRti ina donoM se bhI bhinna hai vahI uttama puruSa hai / usI ko paramAtmA kahate haiM / vahI avyaya aura sarvazaktimAn hai / boboM lokoMmeM vyApaka hokara unakI rakSA vahI karatA hai / yahAM prakRti aura puruSa donoM se pare eka tattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo donoM se zreSTha hai aura isI kAraNa puruSottama hai / isa prakAra darzanazAstra ke bahuta se vidvAnoM ne prakRti, puruSottama inako krameNa jagat, jIva aura Izvara mAnA hai / puruSa aura nvAya zAstra meM Izvara kI paribhASA / nyAya siddhAnta meM Izvara ko nirAkAra, sarvajJa, jIva ke pradRSTa kA phalazatA, nitya prayatna aura nisya aizvarya sampanna mAnA hai / vaha paramakAruNika aura sAre vizva ke liye pitRtulya hai / vaha yajJAdi

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karmanArga se, bhaktimArga se, yogamAga se * zrI jJAnamArga se upAsya hai / zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana evaM darzana bhI usakI upAsanA ke prakAra haiM / savekarmapravartaka usa Izvara ke anugraha ke binA manuSya kA koi kama bhI saphala nahIM ho sktaa| naiyAyikA kA kahanA hai ki karma acetana hai ataeva usakA zaki kA bhI acetana honA svAbhAvika hai| ata: kisI cetana ke adhiSThAtRtva ke abhAva meM koI bhI prANI kisI bhI kArya meM pravRtta nahIM ho sktaa| isaliye karmaphala dene ke liye Izvara kI sattA kA mAnanA paramAvazyaka hai / maharSi gautama likhate haiM: - IzvaraH kAraNaM puruSakarma phaladarzanAt / ( gautama sUtra ) / arthAt-puruSoM ke aneka karmaphaloM ko dekhate hue hameM Izvara kI kAraNatA kA spaSTa jJAna hojAtA hai| isa mAnyatA ke vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki jIvAtmA meM adharma, miyAjJAna aura pramAda ye doSa hote haiM / jisa AtmA meM ye saba nahIM pAe jAte kintu inake sthAna meM dharmazAna aura samAdhi pUrNarUpa se pAI jAtI hai. vaimA aAtmA hI Izvara hai / santAna ke liye jisa prakAra. pitA yazurthavAdI, hitopadeSvA aura dayApaya hai usI prakAra Izvara bhI saba bhUtoM ke liye pitRtulya hai| isa prakAra, vedaH kI mAnyatA ke anusAra Izvara anAdi hai aura sRSTi kA kartA hai| vedAnta meM brahma aura mAyA kI vyApakatA, sAMkhya meM prakRti aura puruSa kI pradhAnatA, aura nyAyazAstra meM puruSa ke karmaphalaprazanArtha Izvara kI kAraNatA zrAdi saMkSipta vivaraNase pAThakoM ko bhalI prakAra patA cala gayA hogA ki vaidika dharma kI ina bhinna 2 zAkhAtroM meM Izvara ko aura vizva ke svarUpa ko kisa prakAra samajhA hai aura usakA pratipAdana kiyA hai| sabake siddhAntoM ke mArga bhina 2 hote hue bhI saba IzvarIya sattA rUpI eka hI lakSya kI ora jAte haiN|

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( 167:) vaidika yuga ke udaya kAla se lekara aba taka jagat, jIva aura paramAtmA ina tatvoM kI khoja meM mAnavI buddhi kitanI prayatnazIla rahI hai yaha bhI upayukta bhinna 2 siddhAntoM ke varNana se spaSTa hojAtA hai| vAhya aura aAntarika vizva ke gUTa praznoM ko samajhane ke liye mAnava kA mastiSka sadA se parezAna hotA rahA hai aura usane apanI upaja ke anusAra una praznoM kA uttara kaise diyA aura jJAna kI granthiyoM ko kaise sulajhAyA yaha vizva ke itihAsa se aura aneka dharmoM ke dharmagranthoM se bhalIbhAMti samajha sakate haiN| zramaNa-saMskRti meM Izvara / jainadharma vaidikadharma ke samAna Izvara ko ananta zakti vAlA, sarvadAnandamaya, sarvajJa aura avinAzI to mAnatA hai kintu usako jagat kA kartA aura niyantA nahIM mAnatA hai| jainadarzana prAtmA ko anAdi mAnatA hai| jisa prakAra vedAnta darzana meM avidyA ke prAvaraNa ke dUra hote hI jIvAtmA brahmarUpa bana jAtA hai isI prakAra jainadarzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA se karma kA prAvaraNa dUra hote hI vaha IzvararUpa hAbAtA hai| AtmA rAga dveSAdi se lipta hone ke kAraNa apane vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai aura apane bhinna 2 karmoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa anantAnanta yoniyoM meM janma letA rahatA hai| jaba umakI viveka zakti vikasita hojAtI hai. vaha apane satkarmoM dvArA rApa dveSa ke saMskAroM ko naSTa kara DAnatA hai aura kamaba-dhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| vaha apane vAstavika svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai aura phira vahI muktAtmA sarvajJa, aAnandarUpa aura savazaktimAn hokara paramAtmAda ko prApta hotA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra Izvara jaMsI svatantra rUpa se koI zakti nahIM hai kintu Izvara ke samagra guNa bItamAtra

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( 168 ) meM rahate haiN| isa liye jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka jISa meM Izvaratva pada prApta karane kI zakti rahatI hai| yadi jIva karmoM ke prAvaraNa se dabI huI usa zakti kA vikAsa karale to svayaM Izvara bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainadharma Izvara tattva ko baidikadharma ke samAna bhinna sthAna nahIM detA kintu Izvara tattva kI mAnyatA rakhatA hai aura usakI upAsanA ko bhI mAnatA hai| jo jo prAtmAeM karmabandhanoM se mukta hotI jAtI hai ve sabhI samAna rUpa se Izvara pada ko pAtI haiM / avidyA yA karma ke zrAvaraNa ke dUra hone se jIvAtmA hI brahma yA Izvara bana jAtA hai isa viSaya meM vedAnta aura jainadarzana donoM eka mata hai| Izvara sRSTikartA kyoM nahIM ? yaha pahale bhI batAyA jA cukA hai ki jainadharma Izvara ko saMsAra kA racayitA aura zAstA nahIM mAnatA hai| bo loga aisA mAnate haiM unake pramANa aura yuktiye jena raSTi se sAragarbhita nahIM hai| Izvara ko saMsAra kA kartA aura zAstA mAnane vAle kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanAhai ki kevala Izvara hI zAzvata aura anAdi hai / usake binA saMsAra kI koI vastu anAdi nhiiN| inameM se bhI kucha logoM kA to kahanA hai ki pahale koI cIja nahIM thI, kevala Izvara thaa| Izvara ne nahIM se yA prabhAva se hI sAre saMsAra kI racanA kara ddaalii| dUsare loga kahate haiM ki Izvara ne apane andara se hI sAre saMsAra ko utpana kiyA yo maayaa| jainadharma ke anusAra ye donoM mantavya niHsAra haiN| prakRti ke adhyayana se hameM patA calatA hai ki saMsAra kA koI bhI padArtha abhAva se paidA nahIM hotaa| pratyeka padArtha kI kucha pUrvAvasthA avazya hotI. hai aura kisI bhI padArtha kA yA prabhAva nahIM hotaa|

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! 166 ) - saMsAra meM hameM koI udAharaNa aisA nahIM milatA vahAM zrabhAva se kisI vastu kI utpatti hotI ho| aMta: yaha nahIM mAnA jAsakatA ki Izvara ne saMsAra ko prabhAva se paidA kiyaM / " : : jo loga yaha kahate haiM ki Izvara ne apane meM se hI vizva kI racanA kI unakI mAnyatA bhI ThIka nahIM jacatI / Izvara sarvaza: hai aura / pUrNa hai isa satya ko saba svIkAra karate haiM / usa sarvajJa aura pUrNa Izvara se utpanna huzrA 2. yaha saMsAra alpajJa aura apUrNa kaise ho sakatA hai ! yadi aisA. mAna liyA jAya.. to Izvara meM bhI alpajJA aura apUrNatA ke doSa aAjAte haiN| phira saMsAra kA to bahuta bar3A bhAga bar3a bhI hai; sarvaza cetana bhagavAn . se. jar3a kI utpatti kisa prakAra ho sakatI hai / isake atirikta sRSTi ke Adi meM baba Izvara ne saba zrAtmAoM ko apane meM se nikAlA to usa samaya saba AtmAeM Izvara meM milI hone ke kAraNa saba prakAra ke karmabandhanoM se mukta thIM aura isa kAraNa zuddha thiiN| phira una sava. AtmAoM ko kisa doSa yA guNa ke kAraNa bhina 2 U~ca vA nIca yoniyoM meM bAne ke liye bAdhya kiyA gyaa| ina praznoM kA koI santoSajanaka uttara nahIM milatA ataH yaha siddha hai ki Izvara ne saMsAra kI racanA apane meM se nahIM kii| isake atirikta Izvara pUrNa hai aura vahAM pUrNatA hotI hai. vahAM kisI vastu kI bhI kamI nahIM ho sktii| yaha to pUrNatA zabda se hI spaSTa hai / icchA vahAM paidA hotI hai vahAM kisI vastu kI kamI ho| Izvara meM jaba saMsAra ko racA to usane racane kI icchA avazya kI hogI kyoMki binA icchA ke saMsAra kI racanA ho nahIM sktii| baba icchA hogaI to Izvara meM apUrNatA pAjAtI hai| ataH yadi Izvara ko saMsAra kA racayitA mAneM to baha pUrNa nahIM kahalA skegaa|

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( 170 ) jaina dharma kahatA hai ki saMsAra aneka prakAra kI bhayAnaka mahAmArI Adi vyAdhiyoM, bhUkampa, ativRSTi aura anAvRSTi zrAdi prAkRtika prakopoM meM hone vAlI akAla mRtyu aura anya mahAyuddhAdi aneka bhayAnaka ApattiyoM se bharA par3A hai| sukha kA aMza kama hai kintu duHkha se pIr3ita prANiyoM kA krandana cAroM zrora sunAI detA hai / kyA sarvajJa zrI sarvazaktimAn Izvara ne aise saMsAra ko utpanna karanA hI pasanda kiyA ? kyA vaha sarvazaktimAn hote hue apanI zakti se aise samAMra ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA thA jo sukha, zAnti aura zrAnanda se paripUrNa hotA ! aisI sthiti meM usako bhI niyantraNa karane kI parezAnI na uThAnI par3atI / sarvajJa aura sarvazaktimAn Izvara ne pahale to satAra ko apUrNa aura zakti rahita banAyA aura phira usake liye pUrNatA taka pahu~cAne ke liye aneka niyama dharma banAe / koI sAdhAraNa buddhi rakhane vAlA vyakti bhI jAna bUjha kara kisI vastu ko pahale burI nahIM banAtA ki bAda meM usakA sudhAra karanA par3e / zrata eva sarvajJa zraura sarvazaktimAn Izvara ne yadi isa saMsAra ko banAyA hotA to avazya hI yaha pahale se hI pUrNa aura samartha hotA / kucha vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki Izvara ne hI saMsAra ko svA hai aura isa kAraNa vaha saMsAra kA janaka yA pitA hai| saMsAra meM jo loga dukhI, rogI, zokAkula aura bhUkampAdi akAla mRtyu ke prAsa banate haiM yaha saba unake pUrva bhava yA isa bhava meM kie karmoM kA phala hai jisakA bhoga Tala nahIM sakatA / jisa prakAra pitA sadguNa pAle putra ko puraskAra detA hai aura duSTa karma karane vAle ko isI prakAra Izvara !bhanna 2 acche yA bure karmoM daNDa detA hai| sAre saMsAra kA zAsana aura niyaMtraNa anurUpa vaNDa detA hai ke anusAra jaboM ko vahI karatA hai

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( 1 1 ) yaha mAnyatA bhI yukti kI tarAjU para ThIka nahIM utaratI / sarvajJa zraura sarvazaktimAn Izvara jaisA cAhatA vaisA saMsAra banA sakatA thA / usane jIvoM ko buga karma karane kI zakti hI kyoM dI? pahale unako buga karma karane kI zakti dI aura jaba ve usa zakti kA prayoga karane lage to unako daNDa diyA / koI bhI pitA pahale apane putroM ko cure kAmoM meM pravRtta karAe aura phira unheM daNDa de, bhalA yaha bhI koI buddhimattA kahI jAsakatI hai | Adarza pitA apane putroM meM burA karma karane kI pravRtti hI nahIM paidA hone degA / I jaina mantavya | jaina dharma ke anusAra karmaphala dilAne ke liye niyantA kI zrAvazyakatA nahIM mAnI jaatii| jaina dharma kI mAnyatA hai ki zuddha jJAna aura bar3a vastu ye donoM anAdi kAla se mile hue cale Ate hai / ye donoM hI dRzya saMsAra ke utpanna karane meM kAraNa hai: zrAtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa eka hI hotA hai cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA pudgala se milA ho / sUkSma bhautika zaktiyoM ke rUpa meM AramA jar3a vastuyoM se milA huzrA hai aura isI kAraNa zrAtmA meM rAga dveSAdi bhAva paidA hojAte haiM / ye vikAra hI acche yA bure karmoM ke nimitta kAraNa banakara eka taraha se sAdhana bana jAte haiM, jinake dvArA karmoM ke paramANu Akara AtmA meM milate haiM / zrAtmA ke sAtha jar3a vastu ke saMyoga se eka prakAra kI zakti saJcita hojAtI hai jisakA nava udaya hotA hai to zrAtmA meM sukha duHkha utpanna hone lagate haiN| jaba yaha saJcita zakti samApta ho jAtI hai to jada vastu zrAtmA se pRthaka hojAtI hai / anta meM jaba zrAtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai ho bAhya vArI

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( 172 .) zaktiyoM kI nirjarA hojAtI hai aura AtmA paramAtma pada ko.prApta. hotA hai| . ... ssRSTi kI utpatti / .. . . : jaina dharma ke siddhAna ke anusAra saMsAra ko racanA sajJAna aura azAma do kAraNoM dvArA hotI hai| yA dUsare zabdoM meM chaH dravyoM jIba-yA zrAtmA, AkAsa, kAla, pudgala, dharma aura adharma inake dvArA hotI hai| inameM se eka kAraNa to jaise jIva sajJAna arthAt zana vAlA hai aura zeSa pA~ca kAraNa ajJAna arthAt jar3a hai| ina chahoM dranyoM yA bastutroM ke aneka paryAya. guNa, yA svabhAva se hI saMsAra kI racanA hotI hai / sajJAna kAraNa kA svabha va jAna lenA hai aura bAkI ke pA~ca jar3a hai boM dvAra hai| ye chahoM dravya anAdikAla se vidyamAna hai aura rheNge| kisI khAsa samaya meM inake saMyoga se saMsAra kI utpatti nahIM huI kintu saMsAra anAdi hai| ina chahoM dravyoM kI bhinna 2 pariktanazIla dazAzrI, payAyo zrAra paraspara sama.pAta se masAra kI sRSTi hotI hai| ... ina mAre dravyoM kA vyApAra eka dUsare para par3atA rahatA hai / inameM utpanna hone, nAza hone aura sthira rahane kI zakti hai| isI . zakti ko sattA bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha sattA ina baH dravyoM meM hI rahatI hai unase bhinna koI vastu nhiiN| yA dUsare zabdoM meM isa sattA kA dravyoM se nitya sambandha hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki saMsAra ko utpanna gA nAza karane vAlI zakta chaH dravyoM ke antargata hI vidyamAna hai| saMsAra se pRthaka vaha koI zakti, sattA yA vyakti nahIM hai| dravyoM ke antargata rahane vAlI isa zakti ko jaina dharma Izvara nahIM maantaa| .

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( 173. ) Izvara kA saMsAra se sambandha / aba prazna yaha hai ki jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra jaba Izvara na to sasAra kA kartA hai aura na jIvoM ke karmaphala bhugatAne vAlA niyantA hai to phira usa kA saMsAra se saMbandha hI kyA rahA ! jaba vaha saMsAra ke kAmoM meM aura uma kI vyavasthA meM hastakSepa nahIM kara sakatA aura nahIM kisI ko hAni yA lAbha hI pahuMcA sakatA hai to phira aise Izvara ko mAnane se, usa kI pUjA aura upAsanA karane se saMsAra ko kyA lAbha ? usa Izvara kI sarvajJatA aura ananta zaktimattA se sasAra ko kyA phAyadA ? bainI loga jo mandiroM meM jAkara bhagavAn kI prArthanA karate hai; dhUpa, dIpa aura candana Adise bhagavAn kA arcana karate haiM; sthAnakoM aura upAsaroM meM jAkara usa kA dhyAna, citana aura kIrtana karate haiM, yaha saba karane se phira kyA lAbha hotA hai ? 1. isa kA uttara jaina 'saddhAnta isa prakAra dete haiM / pratidina ke jIvana ke anubhava meM hama dekhate haiM ki jaba hama kisI duSTa puruSa ko dekha lete haiM yA usa kA. cintana ho pAtA hai to hRdaya meM bure bhAva uttanna hone lagate haiM aura duSTa kI duSTatA para krodha zrAjAtA hai| isI prakAra jaba kabhI kisI mahAtmA yA mahApuruSa ke hama darzana karate haiM yA usa kA cintana karate haiM to citta meM bar3I prasannatA aura zAnti upavatI, hai.| .pavitra vicAra upajate haiM aura saskAra -zuddha hote haiN| vizva bhara meM bar3e 2 mahApuruSoM, vIroM, vidvAnoM aura netAoM ke bA butaH banAkara yatra tatra caurastoM aura pAkoM meM rakhe gae haiM, aura janma- . divasa.mahotsavoM para una butoM ke gale meM jo phUla mAlAeM DAlo, jAtI hai usakA matalaba.bhI yahI hotA hai ki loMga unako dekhakara vaise mahApuruSa, vIra, mahAtmA yA vidvAn banane kA prayatna kreN| isI prakAra

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/ 174 ) mandira meM bhagavAna kI pratimA ke darzana karane se aura sthAnaka meM baiTha kara bhagavAn kA cintana karane se anta:karaNa nirmalatA kI ora bar3hatA hai / AtmA bhagavAn ke guNoM ko apanAne lagatA hai aura rAga dveSa di vikAroM ko tyAgane kA prayatna karane lagatA hai| zrAtmA meM viveka zani kA vikAsa hone lagatA hai aM.ra AtmA apanI azuddha ke mUla kAraNa zrajJAna aura moha se chuTakArA pAtA hai| zrAtmA kI unnati prArambha hotI hai aura vaha pUrNatA kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai / paramAtmA meM jo guNa haiM ve atmA meM bhI haiM kintu rAga dveSAdi ke prAvaraNa ke kAraNa ve chipe hue hai / bhagavAn ke pUjana yA cintana karane se zrAtmA usa patha kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai vahAM rAga dveSAdi kA pardA atmA se dUra haH jAtA hai| bhagavAn ke nirantara arcana yA cintana meM AtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane lagatA hai / ataH AdhyAtmika unnati aura mAnava javana ke kalyANa ke liye bha vAn kA pUjana, cintana. smaraNa aura kIrtana nitAnta zrAvazyaka bauddha dharma meM Izvara kI mAnyatA / mahAtmA buddha ne Izvara ke astitva aura nAstitva meM par3anA hI ThIka nahIM smjhaa| IzvarIya jJAna ko mAnanA yAM na mAnanA yaha bauddha dRSTikosa se koI Avazyaka yA mahattvaprada sikSAta nahIM hai| yaha saMsAra kaba prArambha huA, isakA kaba anta hogA, yaha kisI ne banAyA yaha anAdi aura ananta hai, isa prakAra ke vAdavivAne ko buddha mirarthaka aura mUrkhatApUrNa samajhate the to viroSa tArAmasudhAra para aura saMyama pAlana para dete the| jaba kabhI bhI unake ziSyoM ne isa prakAra ke saMsAra kI utpati viSaSaka prama unase pUche unhoMne

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175 ) unheM protsAhana na dekara praznoM kI nirarthakatAba taaii| isa prakAra ke viSayoM para vitaNDAvAda karane vAlo kA prakaraNa 'sabbAsa sutta' meM aAtA hai jo isa prakAra hai: "vaha mUrkha hai jo isa prakAra ke vinAra karatA hai ki maiM bhUtakAla meM thA yA nhiiN| bhUtakAla meM maiM kyA thA aura bhaviSyat kAla meM maiM rahUMgA yA nahIM / bhaviSyat kAla meM merA kyA svarUpa hogA aura vartamAna kAla meM bhI apane dila meM aise vicAra karatA hai ki merA vAstava meM astittva hai bhI yA nahIM ? maiM kyA vastu hUM? yadi maiM kucha vastu hUM to kahAM se bhAgayA aura mRtyu ke bAda kahAM calA jAU~gA" mahAtmA buddha apane upadezoM meM dUsaroM kI bhalAI aura sadAcAra para jora dete the| Izvara kI sattA ke viSaya meM unake kucha vicAra 'tevina mutta' meM bhI milate haiM / isa sUtra ke prArambha meM do brAhmaNa yuvaka basiDa aura bhAradvAja vAdavivAda karate haiN| unake vivAda kA viSaya hai ki brahma kI prApti ke liye saccA mArya kaunasA hai! ve donoM apanI zaMkA ke nivAraNArtha mahAtmA buddha kI sevA meM jAte haiN| unake saMzayaM ko mahAtmA buddha isa prakAra dUra karate haiM: "he. vasiSTha ! isa prakAra ke brAhmaNa ko tInoM vedoM ko par3ha kara bhI una guNoM kA tiraskAra karate haiM jinase manuSya bAmaNa banatA hai. aura ve pesA pATha karate haiM "hama indra ko pukArate haiM, sAma ko pukArate haiM, varuNa ko pukArate haiM, IzAna ko pukArate haiM, prajApati ko pukArate haiM, brahma ko pukArate haiM, mahiddhi ko pukArate haiM, yama ko * dharma kA Adi srota pR0 45 /

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( 176 ) pukArate haiM" vasiSTha ! yaha kabhI sambhava nahIM ki ve brAhmaNa bo veda par3he hue haiM parantu una guNoM kA tiraskAra karate haiM jinase manuSya vAstava meM brAhmaNa banatA hai aMra una guNoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM jinase manuSya abrAhmaNa banatA va kevala stuti aura prArthanA ke kAraNa mRtyu ke pazcAt jaba zarIra chUTa ja tA hai brahma ko prApta ho ske|" 'acch| vasiSTha ! kyA yaha sambhava hai ki ye brAhmaNa ko veda par3he hone para bhI apane hRdaya meM krodha aura dveSa dhAraNa kie haiM, jo pApI aura asaMyamI hai marane ke pIche zarIra chor3ane para uma brahma ko prApta kara sakeM jo krodha, dveSa aura pApa rahita hai aura saMyama svarUpa hai|" isa prakAra mahAtmA buddha Izvara ke astitva aura nAstitva ke vAda-vivAda meM na par3a kara krodha aura dveSa ke tyAga para aura saMyama ke pAlana para adhika jora dete haiM / vedoM kI upekSA aura brAhmaNoM kI nindA unhoMne isa kAraNa kI ki tatkAlIna brAhmaNa vedoM kI bAr3a lekara krodha, dveSa, asaMyama aura hiMsA meM pravRtta hogae the aura brAhmaNatva ke vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUla cuke the| vaidika dharma ke samAna Izvara ke astitva kA pracAra na karake mahAtmA buddha ne aAtmasaMyama, prAtma sudhAra, mAnava jAti tathA prANimAtra ke prati suhRdbhAva, zubhakarmoM kA AcaraNa aura mAnasika pavitratA ke pracAra para jora diyaa| aba nIce pAThakoM ke jJAnArtha bauddha dharma ke mukhya siddhAntoM yA mantavyoM para saMkSepa se prakAza DAlA jaaygaa| bauddha dharma meM nirvANa / nirvANa zabda kA artha vedAntiyoM kA brahmAnanda nahIM hai|

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( 177 ) - -. - . - - - -- - - -- - - - - - -.. - - - - - - - - - - - bauddha dharma meM isakA artha-vAsanA aura ajJAnAdi viSayoM kI jvAlA ko bujhA dene kA nAma hI nirvANa hai| vyAvahArika satya kA anubhava hone ke pazcAt pAramArthika-satya kI khoja kI jAtI hai aura isI satya ko adhigata karanA hI 'nirvANa' prAma karanA hai| sarva prapazcAnAmupazamaH / arthAt-saba prapaJcoM kA nAza karanA hI nirvANa prApta karanA hai / nirvANa ke mukhya do bheda haiM:-(1) ugadhizeSa aura (2 anupAdhizeSa / nirvANa kI prApti tRSNA ke uccheda se hotI hai / sAMkhyazAstra kA 'vAsanA rAhitya' aura bauddhoM kA tRSNA uccheda ye milate junate hI haiN| cAra Aryasatya mAne gae haiM jinake anubhava se hI tRSNA kA nAza hotA hai| ye cAra Arya satya duHkha, samudaya nirodha aura pratipatti haiM / paridRzyamAna jagat meM saba duHkha hI duHkha hai| jIvana meM duHkha ke sivAya aura kucha dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa duHkha kA udaya jIva kI vAsanA se hotA hai| isakA nirodha ho sakatA hai aura isakI pratipatti 'aSTAMgima rga' aura daza zIlAdi se hotI hai | ve 'aSTAMgimArga' ye haiM:-(1) samyak dRSTi, (2) samyak saMkalpa, (3 samyak vAk (4) samyak karma, (5) samyak prAjIva, (6) samyaka vyAyAma, (7) samyak smRti aura (8) samyaka samAdhi / isI prakAra nIce dasa bhAva isa mArga ke bAdhaka haiM: - (1) satkAya dRSTi, (2) vicikitsA, (3) zIlavRtta parAmarza, (4) kAma, (5) pratigha, (6) rUparAga, 7) arUpa. rAga, (8) mAna, (6) auddhatyaM aura (10) avidyA / aise hI dasa hI niSedhAtmaka zikSAeM haiM:-(1) prANAtipAta, (2) adattA dAna, (3) abrahmacarya, 4 mRSAvAda, (5) paizunya (6) auddhatya, (7) vRthA pralApa, (8) lobha, (6) dveSa aura (10) vicikitsA / bauddha dharma se

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( 178 ) sambandha rakhane vAnI kriyAtmaka khAsa 2 yahI bAteM hai| ye vyAvahArika haiM aura manuSya ko ajJAnatA ke andhakAra se prakAza meM lAnI hai / yahI satkarma kI khAsa bhitti thI jisa para mahAtmA buddha ne apane dharma ko sthApita kiyA thaa| bauddha paramparA meM kSaNikavAda / mahAtmA buddha ne 'attavAda' arthAt-aAtmavAda kI nindA kI hai / sAMsArika saba padArthoM ko kSaNika mAnA hai| hara eka vastu kA kSaNa kSaNa meM nAza hotA rahatA hai| udAharaNArtha chApekhAne se nikalA huI pustaka mau yA anumAna se sabAsau varSoM ke pakSAt bIrNa hojAtI hai aura taka hAtha se chute hI usake patra bhurane lagate haiN| myA yaha jIrNa karane vAlI zakti eka hI dina meM paidA hojAtI hai ? nahIM, usa pustaka meM kSaNa kSaNa meM nAzarUra parivartana hotA rahatA hai aura anta meM usa pustaka ke paramANu apanI jananI vasundharA meM ho jA milate haiN| isa taraha se bauddha dharma kI mAnyatA ke anusAra saMsAra ke satra sat padArtha kSaNikavAda meM rakhe jAte haiN| yahAM taka ki zrAtmA kA bhI nAza mAnA hai| aba jhara yaha prazna uTha jAtA hai ki agara prAtmA kA bhI nAza hojAtA hai to mRtyu ke bAda 'nirvANa' yA mukti phira kisa tatva kI hotI hai ? Izvara ko to vaise hI bauddha dharma meM mahattva nahIM diyA gayA aura zrAtmA ko nAzavAn mAna liyA phira aisA kaunasA tattva avaziSTa rahA jisakI muna hone kI sambhAvanA kI jAsakatI hai ? isakA uttara yahI hai ki bauddha granthoM meM jisa tattva ko prAtmA ke nAma se kahA hai vaha vastu hai jo saMskAra aura kamoM ke kAraNa eka dUsare meM bhinnatA kara detI hai aura jo 'nirvANa' kI prApti hote hI naSTa hojAtI hai| isa AtmA kA naSTa hone vAlA sambandha usa vastu me hai jo hara eka carAcara

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( 176 ) jIva meM vyApaka hai, jo 'bodhicitta' hai, jo apanI sUkSma avasthA ko prApta hokara saMskAroM aura karmoM se hone vAle gheroM ko tor3a kara nirmANa pada ko prAma karatI hai| yaha nazvara sambandha karmAnusAra sthUla aura sUkSma hocAtA hai aura kSaNa-kSaNa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| nitya sty| mahAtmA buddha ne kahA thA ki-'nAtra saccAni bahUni nAnAni' arthAt-isa saMsAra meM nAnA prakAra ke bahuta satya nahIM haiM / nitya satya saMkhyA meM bahuta thor3e se hI haiN| una nitya-satyoM ke anusAra calakara hI manuSya sacce mArga kI ora bar3hatA hai| zrajJAnAndhakAra kA nAza karane vAlI jyoti unhIM se mila sakatI hai aura jIvana kA vAstavika lakSya yA dhyeya phalIbhUta hosakatA hai| darzanoM ko prAmANika mAnane pAle bhI apane 2 darzanoM ke moha rUpa cakkara meM phaMse rahate haiN| tarka bhI apratiSTha hai ataH darzana hAnikAraka hai| nissandeha baha bAta kAphI hada taka ThIka bhI mAlUma hotI hai kintu darzana ke abhAva meM zrAntarika jJAna prApta karane kA aura koI sAdhana bhI to dikhAI nahIM detaa| isI prakAra ke siddhAntoM aura praznoM kA cakravyUha mahAtmA buddha ke ziSyoM meM bheda DAlane kA kAraNa naa| una ke ziSya bAda meM do vargoM meM ba~Ta gae / sarvaprathama bauddhadharma ke do sampradAya hue jo hInayAna aura mahAbAna ke nAma se prasiddha hai| hInayAna meM bhI 'vaibhAsika' aura sautrAMtika nAma ke do bheda hue / vaise hI mahAyAna meM yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika nAma ke do varga hue / dharma nikAya / Izvara zabda kA prayoga bauddhadarzanoM meM nahIM kiyA kintu usake

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( 180 ) sthAna para yA uma kA paryAya 'dharma nikAya' zabda milatA hai jise buddha kA zarIra bhI kahate haiM / samatA kA bodha bhI isI se hotA hai / bauddhadharma granthoM meM dharma nikAya yA buddha kA svarUpa isI prakAra varNana kiyA hai / buddha kAya kI yaha prakRti hai ki vaha dRzyamAna jagat ke nAnAta meM svayameva vyanitvarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha kisI vizeSa astitva ke bAhara sthita nahIM raha makatA, balki vaha uma meM nivAsa karake use jIvana pradAna karatA hai| jaba hama dRzyamAna saMmAra ke padArthoM kI vibhinnatAnoM ko mUkSma dRSTi se devane hai. to hameM sarvatra dharmakAya ke sivAya aura kucha bhI dakhAI nahIM detA aura isa taraha se hameM vastuoM kI mamatA spaSTa dikhAI dene lagatI hai| dRzya jagat kI yathArthatA aura nAnAtva ko mAnane ke sAtha 2 bauddhadharma ko yaha mAnyatA hai ki jitane bhI padArtha hameM dikhAI dete haiM ve maba eka antima kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM jo sarvazaktimAn , sarvajJa aura sarvapriya hai / yaha jagat usa kAraNa, zrAtmA athavA jIvana kA vyana svarUpa hai| bheda ke sadbhAva meM bhI sAMsArika tabhI padArtha paramatattva ke svabhAva se yuka hote hai| ataeva Izvara jo isa jagat meM nahIM hai vaha zramata hai; aura jagat jo Izvara meM nahIM hai vaha mithyA hai| saMsAra ke saba padArtha eka hI tattva meM lIna ho jAte haiM aura eka hI tattva aneka padArtho ke rUpa meM karma karatA hai / ataeva aneka eka meM hai aura eka aneka meM hai| saMmAra aura paramAtmA ke viSaya meM bauddhoM kA yahI midvAnta hai| jisa prakAra samudra kI aneka taraMgeM aura lahara laharAtI aura umaMgita hotI huI kevala eka jalake hI nitya svarUpa kI hI bibhinna gatiyAM haiM isI prakAra saMmAra kI saba kriyAyeM bhI bhinna 2 rUpa se bhAmane para bhI eka hI tattva kI prativimcamAtra hai| isa se vijJa pAThaka

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( 1= 1 ) bhalI prakAra samajha gae hoMge ki jaise advaitavAda meM nAdinitya brahma ... rUpa tattva kI sattA mAnI hai aura saMsAra ke satra AtmA umI eka tattva ke prakAza hai aura usa se bhinna hai ThIka usI prakAra vauddhadharma ke uparyukta siddhAnta meM bhI nAnAtva kA sadbhAva eka hI tatva se mAnA hai jo nAnAtva se bhinna nahIM hai / ekAgra dhyAna kI pradhAnatA / bauddhadharma kI eka aura vizeSatA dhyAna dene yogya hai / isa meM kisI vastu ko jAnane ke liye usa ke liye tarka, darzana yA vAdavivAda ko mahatva nahIM diyA jAtA kintu apane ekAgra dhyAna se use samajhane anubhava meM na tarka karanA yA AI huI vastu para usa use vivAda kA viSaya para jora diyA jAtA hai / kisI ke astitva yA acchepana para banAnA, yA kisI tattva para kevala zraddhA ke bhAva rakhanA sarvathA mUrkhatA mAnI hai | yadi Izvara hai to usa ke liye praznottara karanA vyartha hai kintu manuSya ko cAhiye ki vaha svayaM apane anubhava se jo dhyAna dvArA zrAtA hai use samajhe / yadi AtmA hI paramAtmA hai to isa bhAvanA ko dhyAna se kAryarUpa meM pariNata karanA cAhiye kevala 'amuka vastu aise hai' aisI zraddhA yA vizvAsa karane se koI lAbha nahIM / bauddhadarzanoM meM adhikatara jora dhyAna para hI diyA hai / vauddhadharma kI mAnyatA hai ki dharma kA artha anubhava karanA hai, pradarzana karanA nahIM / isa liye dhArmika puruSoM ko tatva kI jijJAsA karanI cAhiye, chAyA kI nahIM / prakAza kI gaveSaNA karanI cAhiye, pratibimba kI nahIM / ataH vAstavika tatva kI khoba aura jJAna ke liye dhyAna ko hI pradhAnatA denI cAhiye vivAda aura tarka ko nahIM /

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( 182 ) ima prakAra anta meM kevala yahI kahanA paryApta hogA ki bauddha dharma meM kevala eka ho mahAn tatva mAnA hai aura saMsAra ke satra prANI usa ke kSaNika svarUpa hai| jaba ve saba usa tatva ke anukUla calate haiM to saba nitya haiM aura jaba ahaMkAra aura ajJAna ke dvArA uma se vigata calate haiM to nAza ko prAma hote haiM / isa prakAra vaidika, jaina aura bauddha ina tInoM bhAratIya mahAn dharmoM ke Izvara viSayaka saMkSipta vizleSaNa se pAThakoM ko bhalI prakAra patA cala gayA hogA ki tInoM dharmoM meM Izvara kA kyA sthAna hai aura tInoM kisa 2 rUpa meM usa kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiN| . ((((HEMA ((( RUUN HI MISHRA

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KAJJJJANNNNNNNNNNN zramaNa-saMskRti kA svarUpa zramaNa-saMskRti bhArata kI atiprAcIna saMskRti hai / jaina aura bauddha ye donoM zramaNa-saskRti kI hI bhinna 2 dhArAe~ haiM / zramaNa zabda kA prayoga jaina aura bauddha donoM ke sAdhuoM ke liye kiyA jAtA hai / yahAM zramaNa-saMskRti se jaina saMskRti samajhanA cAhiye / varttamAna samaya meM tIrthaMkara dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke liye jo jaina zabda kA prayoga pracalita hai yaha vikrama saMvat 1000 ke lagabhaga hI prayoga meM jAne lagA | usake pUrva isa dharma ko zramaNa dharma yA nirgrantha pravacana ke nAma se pukArA jAtA thA / zrAdi tIrthaMkara bhagavAn RSabha deva svAmI se lekara jo paramparAgata pravacana calA AtA hai usako mAnane vAle ko zramaNa-dharmAvalambI kahate haiN| tIrthaMkara kA hI dUsarA nAma jina hai jisake anuyAyI varttamAna samaya meM jaina kahalAte haiM / saMskRti kI paribhASA / sam upasarga pUrvaka 'kR' dhAtu se bhUSaNa artha meM suTkA Agama karake 'ktin' pratyaya lagAne se saMskRti zabda bana jAtA hai / isa prakAra saMskRti zabda kA artha hotA hai bhUSaNabhUta samyaka kRti / carAcara sAre vizva meM mAnava hI eka aisA prANI hai jisako samyaka aura asamyaka karma kA viveka hotA hai aura yahI viveka pazu saMsAra kI apekSA mAnava ko utkRSTa aura uttama banAtA hai / isake atirikta saMskRti kA pUrNa artha samajhane ke liye saMskAra zabda kA artha samajhanA

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( 1= 6 ) bhI paramAvazyaka hai / saMskAra kA artha hai kisI vastu ko zuddha karanA yA usake Antarika prakAza ko prakaTa karanA / nissandeha saMskAroM kI utpatti aura sambandha vAhya jagat se bhI bahuta hai kintu vAstava meM saMskAroM kA uddezya mAnasika aura zrAdhyAtmika hota hai / jaba hama kisI manuSya ko kahate haiM ki vaha susaMskRta hai to hamArA zrabhiprAya usakI vahya bAtoM se nahIM hotA kintu hama dekhate haiM ki usakA mana aura AtmA kitane Upara uThe hue haiM yA vikasita ho cuke haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki susaMskRta manuSya mana aura AtmA ke utthAna ke kAraNa sadA satkarmoM kI ora hI pravRtta hotA hai / isa prakAra saskRti mAnava kA Antarika guNa hai aura isake vikAsa se hI mAnava jAti ke sAre sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika aura AdhyAtmika vyavahAra sucAru rUpa se cala sakate haiM / saMskRti hI mAnava ko mAnavatA kI ora le jAtI hai / saMskRti aura sabhyatA / bahuta se sajana ina donoM zabdoM ko eka hI artha meM prayukta karate haiM kintu vAstava meM donoM meM mahAn bheda hai / saMskRti mAnava kI aAntarika vastu hai aura sabhyatA bAhara kI / saMskRti mAnava ko zrAdhyAtmikavAda kI ora le jAtI hai aura sabhyatA prakRtivAda kI ora / zrataeva yaha zrAvazyaka nahIM ki jo loga sabhya hoM ve susaMskRta bhI avazya hoMge / zraddheya zrI svAmI satyadeva paribrAjakAcArya ne isakA bar3A sundara vivecana kiyA hai * : - " jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki jarmana jAti sabhya hai, to isakA # * dekho kalyANa kA hindU saMskRtika pR0 234 /

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( 185 ) artha yaha hai ki vaha jAti apane dainika jIvana meM sudhare hue sAdhanoM kA vyavahAra karatI hai| arthAt zArIrika aAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye usake pAsa zrAdhunika vaijJAnika sAdhana haiM aura vaha sadA isa bAta ke liye prayatnazIla rahatI hai ki zarIra ko adhika se adhika sukha aura maz2A mile| amarIkana loga bar3e sabhya hai; kyoMki ve bijalI se khAnA banAte haiM aura TraikTaroM dvArA khetI karate haiN| unake yahAM ikke tAMge jaisI koI savArI nahIM, aura unakI AbAdI ke pratyeka cauthe vyakti ke pAsa apanI moTarakAra hai / jo jAtiyAM aAja vaijJAnika sAdhanoM kA prayoga karatI huI apane jIvana stara ko U~cA uThAtI calI jAtI haiM, ve jAtiyAM sabhya kahalAtI haiM aMgarez2I bhASA meM sabhyatA ke liye 'Civilization' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| ina jAtiyoM kI jIvana AvazyakatAeM uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI haiM aura bar3hatI raheMgI; kyoMki ina kA muMha sabhyatA kI ora hai| ye prAkRtika padArthoM tathA bhogoM ke andara hI sukha zAnti kI talAza karatI haiM, bina kA kahIM anta hI nahIM hai| ina jAtiyoM ke pAsa saMskRti arthAt 'Culture' yA 'tasadda ta' bhI hai kintu vaha sabhyatA ke pIche 2 usa kI cerI bana kara calatI hai / be sundara citra banAeMge, kalAkAroM ko utsAhita kareMge, kaviyoM ko puraskAra deMge aura utkRSTa kalAyukta bhavana banAkara usa meM nivAsa kareMge, apanI bola cAla meM hoTaloM tathA dukAnoM meM una kI bhASA miSTa aura ziSTa hogii| lekina una saba kA mukhya lakSya jhegA sabhyatA ke khudA 'dhana' ko prasanna karanA aura dUsaroM kI jeboM meM se paisA nikaalyaa| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha susaMskRta avazya hai kintu apanI sabhyatA ko Age bar3hAne ke liye prAkRtika sukhoM kA maz2A lUTane ke liye una kA sArA prayAsa rahatA hai| una kI vRtti bahimukhI hone ke kAraNa ve sabhI

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( 186) jAtiyoM ko apanI usa lapeTa meM le lete haiM aura kacce mAlakI khoja meM pRthvI ko rauMda DAlate haiM / pakkA mAla becane ke liye saba prakAra ke dA~va-peca, chala prapaJca kAma meM lAte haiN| yahAM taka ki yuddha ke zaiva naraka se bhI nahIM ddrte| aba pAiye saskRti kI ora, jisa para mAnava kI mAnavatA pUrNarUpa se nirbhara hai / saskRti hai AtmA kI vastu, aAtmika utthAna kA cinha, zrAtmika utkarSa kI sIr3hI aura Atmadarzana kA mArga / sabhyatA hai aparA vidyA aura saMskRti hai parA vidyaa| yadi hameM ina do zabdoM kA ladaNa aMgrejI bhASA meM do TUka karanA par3e to hama use isa prakAra kareMge(Civilization is an expression of flesh, while culture is toe manifestation of soul. arthAt:- sabhyatA zarIra ke manovikAroM kI dyotaka hai, jaba ki saMskRti AtmA ke abhyutthAna kI pradarzikA hai| sabhyatA kA utthAna mAnava ko prakRtivAda kI ora le jAtA hai, jaba ki saMskRti mAnava ko antamukhI karake usa ke sAtvika guNoM ko prakaTa karatI hai|" zramaNa saMskRti kI vishesstaaeN| zramaNa saMskRti prANImAtra ke prati samatA rakhane kA upadeza detI hai / vizva ke saba jIvoM ke prati dayA rakhanA aura unakA kalyANa cAhanA bhamaNa saMskRti kA pradhAna uddezya hai| isakI dayA kI sImA kevala jaMgama saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke liye hI sImita nahIM apitu sthAvara saMsAra ke jIvoM ke liye bhI prasArita hai| apane mukha duHkha ke samAna hI

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( 187 ) - - saMsAra ke saba jIvoM ke sukha duHkha ko samajhanA cAhiye, yaha sandeza zramaNa saMskRti ne saMsAra ko diyA hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA sArA karmakANDa samatA ke upadeza se alaMkRta hai| jaina dharma ke vAhya, prAbhyantara, sthUla aura sUkSma jitane bhI prAcAra vicAra hai saba samatA ke Adarza kI ora hI iMgita karate haiM / karma vipAka / zramaNa saMskRti ke siddhAnta ke anusAra pratyeka AsmA cAhe vaha sthAvara saMsAra meM vanaspati kI deha meM ho, cAhe kITa, pataMga yA pazu pakSI ke zarIra meM ho aura cAhe mAnava kI deha meM ho tAtvika dRSTi se samAna hai| choTA yA bar3A AkAra zarIra kA ho sakatA hai prAtmA kA nhiiN| zrAtmA saba prANiyoM meM samAna hai| jIvoM meM jo zArIrika aura mAnasika viSamatA dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha karmamUlaka hai / jaisA-jaisA jIva uttama yA adhama karma bAMdhatA rahatA hai vaisA-vaisA hI usako phala bhoganA par3atA hai| karma ke anusAra hI jIva bhinna-bhinna acchI yA burI yoniyoM meM janma letA rahatA hai| karma ke anusAra hI use sukha yA duHkha milate haiN| jIva jaisA 2 karma karatA hai vaisA hI usakA saMskAra banatA hai aura usa saMskAra ke anusAra hI usake antaHkaraNa kI vRtti banatI hai| usa vRtti ke anusAra hI java kI bhinna 2 viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI hai| ataeva yadi karma utkRSTa ho to prAdhyAtmika patha kI ora bar3hane lagatA hai aura yadi karma nikRSTa ho to bIva patana kI ora bar3hatA hai| kSudra se kSudra yoni meM par3A huzrA jIva bhI uttamakoM ke pariNAma svarUpa mAnava yoni meM janma le sakatA hai aura mAnava yoni meM par3A huA jIva nikRSTa karmoM ke prabhAva se

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( 355 ) kSudrata yoni meM janma letA hai| isa prakAra U~ca nIca yoni, sukha duHkha zrIra janma, maraNa Adi sabakA AdhAra karma hI hai / vaidika tathA anya bahuta se dharmoM meM karmoM kA niyantraNa IzvarIya sattA ke zradhIna mAnA hai kintu zramaNa saMskRti usase sahamata nahIM / jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva ko kamoM kA phala bhugatAne ke liye kisI Izvara jaisI sattA kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhI gaI / anAdi aura ananta saMsAra meM jIba aura ajIva nAma ke do pradhAna padArtha hai / jIva cetana hai aura jIva jar3a | jIva siddha aura saMsArI do prakAra kA hai / siddhAbasthA jIba kA zuddha svarUpa hai / saMsArI jIva karma bandhana se baMdhA huA hai / dRzyamAna padArtha pudgala dravya ke bhinna 2 rUpa haiN| jaba AtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa ko bhUlakara gudgala dravyoM kI ora pravRtti karatA hai aura una para ajJAnavaza grAsaka hojatA hai to AtmA meM rAga bhAva utpanna hotA hai aura usa rAga se hI dveSa kI utpatti hotI hai / isa prakAra rAga se hI dveSa rUpa vikArI bhAvoM se karma pudgaloM kA saMyoga sambandha hojAtA hai aura cikanAhaTa ke kAraNa karmaraja zrAkara jIva ke sAtha cipaTa jAtI hai / rAga dveSa ke abhAva meM karmabandhana nahIM ho sakatA / jima prakAra madyapAna se nazA svayaM zrAjAtA hai / isI prakAra karmoM kA bhI jIva ke sAtha aisA baMdha hotA hai ki karmoM meM anurUpa phala pradAna kI zakti utpanna hotI hai / jaba 2 jisa 2 barma kA udaya hotA hai taba-taba vaha apane svabhAvAnusAra hI phala utpanna kara detA hai / AtmA ke sAtha rAga dveSa rUpa bhautikavAda aura Atma-tattva | zrAgamoM ke siddhAnta anAdikAla se mAnava ko prAdhyA

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( 186 ) tmika unnati kI ora prerita karate Ae haiM / prakRtivAda yA bhaitikavAda kI sadA hI zramaNa dharma ke maharSiyoM ne upekSA kI hai| bhautikavAda ko hI sarve sarvA mAnane vAlA aAja kA mAnaba bhale hI una maharSiyoM ko upekSA kI dRSTi se dekhe, yA unakI buddhi ko prativAda ke kSetra meM avikasita samajhe kintu tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para unakI hI dRSTi vizAla jacatI hai| yaha ThIka haiM ki mAnava jAti ne bahuta hada taka prakRti para prazasanIya vijaya prApta karalI hai| mAnava vAyuyAnoM para aAkAza meM ur3ane laga gayA hai aura mahInoM kI yAtrA ghaMToM meM hI sulabha hogaI hai| reDiyo yantra ke AviSkAra se vaha ghara baiThe hI sAre saMsAra ke samAcAra suna sakatA hai| panaDubiyoM meM baiTha kara vaha samudra ke stala para jAsakatA hai aura yuddha-potoM ko tor3a detA hai| havAInahAjoM dvArA eTama bamba barasA kara vaha kucha kSaNoM meM pralaya macA sakatA hai kintu ina saba aura anya aneka prakAra ke bhautika aviSkAroM se vaha vAstava meM U~cA nahIM uTha pAyA hai| bhautikavAda kI isa unnati kI ora bar3hane ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI vizva ko gata do mahAyuddhoM kI bhISaNatA kA sAmanA karanA pdd'aa| aura aba tIsare mahAyuddha ke bAdala phira ma~DarAte naz2ara Arahe haiN| vizva ke kisI kone meM bhI zAnti nahIM hai| sarvatra azAnti, bhaya, kalaha aura atyAcAra bar3ha rahe haiM / yaha saba hote hue bhI bhautikavAda kA dAsa aAja kA mAnava bar3I zAna se yaha kahatA hai ki aAja kA yuga vijJAna kA : yuga hai, vikAsa kA yuga hai aura pragati kA yuga hai / Aja ke yuga meM jo deza adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM ghAtaka zastra astra taiyAra kara sake aura zakti ke bala se nirbala deza ko har3apa kara sake usako bahuta unnata aura sabhya deza samajhA jAtA hai| yaha bAta kahAM taka satya hai yaha pAThaka svayaM vicAra sakate haiN| astu zramaNa saMskRti

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( 160 ) ke maSiyoM ko isa prakAra ke bhautika vikAsa nirarthaka pratIta hue / yaha bAta asatya hai ki unakI buddhi aAdhunika AviSkAroM taka pahuMca nahIM sakatI thii| vAstava meM ve bhautikavAda ke duSpariNAmoM se bhalI. bhAMti paricita the isa kAraNa ve unakI ora dhyAna hI nahIM dete the / isI satya kI puSTiM bhAratIya tathA anya sarakRtiyoM ke marmajJa zrI aravinda jI ne isa prakAra kI hai*: _ 'yAdhyAtmikatA hI bhAratIya mana kI mukhya kuJjI hai; anantatA kI bhAvanA usakI sahajAta bhAvanA ha / bhArata ne zrAdikAla meM hI yaha dekha liyA aura apane tarka buddhi ke yuga meM tathA apane bar3hate hue ajJAna ke yuga meM bhI usane vaha antaSTi kabhI nahIM khoI ki jIvana ko kevala unakI vAhya paristhiti ke prakAza meM hI ThIka-ThIka nahIM dekhA jAsakatA aura na vaha kevala unhIM kI zakti se pUrI taraha bitAyA jAsakatA hai / vaha prAkRtika niyamoM tathA zaktiyoM kI mahattA ke prati jAgarUka thA, use bhautika vijJAnoM ke mahatva kA sUkSma bodha yA; vaha mAdhAraNa jIvana kI kalAoM ko saGgaThita karanA jAnatA thaa| parantu usane yaha dekhA ki bhautikatA ko apanI pUrI sArthakatA taba taka nahIM prApta hotI, jaba taka vaha atibhautika se ThIka sambandha nahIM sthApita kara letI; usane dekhA ki saMsAra kI jaTilatA kI vyAkhyA manuSya kI vartamAna paribha.pAtroM se nahIM kI jAsakatI aura na manuSya kI sthUla dRSTi se samajhI jAsakatI hai, aura yaha ki vizva ke mUla meM kucha anya zaktiyA~ bhI haiM tathA svayaM manuSya ke bhItara bhI kucha anya zaktiyAM haiM, jinheM vaha sAdhAraNatayA nahIM jaantaa|' isa prakAra sAmarthya ke sadbhAva meM bhI prAcIna prAcArya bhautika* dekho ka yANa kA hiM0 sa* aM0 pR0 207 /

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( 161 ) tattvoM kI upekSA karake prAdhyAtmika tatvoM kI ora bar3hane kI hI mAnaba jAti ko preraNA karate the| zrAtmA kI unnati kA antima lakSya mokSa thaa| saMsAra meM cit aura acit yA dUsare zabdoM meM cetana aura jar3a do tatva hai / donoM kA ucita vicAra hI viveka hai / cetana kA svabhAva hai ki vaha jar3a padArthoM ko apane kAma meM lAtA hai / jIvoM kI do koTiyAM haiM--mukta aura saMsArI / saMsArI jIvoM meM bhI kucha mana vAle, aura kucha mana rahita / trasa aura sthAvara ) hai ! mukti kA sAdhana dharma tatva hai aura mukti meM pratibandha DAlane vAnA tatva adharma hai| jIva, ajIva, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye mAta tatva haiM / puNya aura pApa ko milA kara nau bhI mAne jAte haiN| jo bandha kA hetu hai vaha aAzrava hai / kAyA, bAgI aura mana meM aAzrava sphurita hotA hai ? mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ke kAraNa bIva meM aAzrava ke dvArA usa kA pudgala se yoga hotA hai; yaha sambandha hI bagdha hai| zrAzravarUpa saMsAra pravAha ko Dhakane vAlA saMvara hai| yahI saMvara mokSa kA kAraNa hai / samyaka darzana, samyakajJAna aura samyak cAritra ye tIna mokSa ke mArga hai / jJAna aura darzana to AtmA ke anAdi ananta niba guNa hai| mokSa prApti ke bAda bhI ye zrAtmA ke sAtha hI rahate haiM ! darzana aura jJAna donoM kA nitya sambandha hai| caritra donoM kI pUrNatA kI ora pravRtti karAtA hai / ina tInoM ke prabhAva se baba saba karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai to AtmA mukta ho jAtA hai| taba AtmA saccidAnanda svarUpa bana jAtA hai / zramaNa saMskRti sadA se mAnava ko isa saccidAnanda svarUpa mokSa kI aura bar3hane kI hI preraNA karatI AI hai| paJca mahAvrata / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aura aparigraha, ye zramaNa

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( 192 ) saMskRti ke pAMca pradhAna mahAvrata haiM / ina kA vidhAna to yena kena rUpeNa bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI dharmAcAryoM ne kiyA hai parantu zramaNa dharma ina ke pAlana para vizeSa hI z2ora detA hai| ina pAMcoM ke pAlana karane se hI mAnava mAnavatA kI aura kadama bar3hA sakatA hai| kisI bhI bIva kI mana, vacana aura kAyA se hiMsA na karane kA nAma hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA zramaNa saMskRti ke prANa haiN| isa kA vistRta vivecana 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ke prakaraNa meM kara diyA hai / satya / satya nAmaka dUsare mahAvrata kA ahiMsA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| satya para calatA huA mAnava hI pUrNarUpa se ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana kara sakatA hai / satya bolane aura satyAcaraNa karane Adi se prAtmA kA utthAna hotA hai| satya se prAtmA ko bala milatA hai aura aura asatya se prAtmA patana kI ora jAtA hai| satya bolane vAlA vyakti sadA nizzaka aura nirbhaya rahatA hai aura isa ke viparIta asatyabhASI sadA pola khulane ke Dara se zaMkita aura sabhaya rahatA hai| asatya kI sadA anta meM hAra hotI hai aura satya kI bAta hotI hai| 'satyameva jayate nA nRtam ' isa mahAvAkya ko kabhI nahIM bhUlanA caahiye| jisa samAja, dharma yA jAti ke loga satya kI upekSA karate haiM vaha samAja, dharma yA jAti kabhI bhI viveka aura naitikatA ke U~ce stara taka nahIM ehuca sktii| ataeva sAmAjika jIvana ko U~cA banAne ke liye satyavAditA paramAvazyaka hai| asteya / asteya arthAt corI na krmaa| bo.vastu apanI bhI usa para

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( 163) adhikAra nahIM karanA cAhiye / sAmAjika vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpa se calAne ke liye isa tIsare mahAvrata kA pAlana bhI susaMskRta saMsAra ke liye paramAvazyaka hai| pratyeka vyakti kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha dUsare ke adhikAroM kA Adara kare aura unako apane adhikAroM ke samAna samajha balapUrvaka DAkA DAlakara yA chupa kara corI karake yade koI vyakti dUsare ke mAla ko chIne so isase sAmAjika vyavasthA bhaMga hotI hai aura AtmA kA patana hotA hai| aAjakala bhI jo sabala rASTra nirvaloM para aAkramaNa karake unako unakI janmasiddha svatantratA se vaJcita karate haiM ve bhI DAkuoM kI hI koTi meM Ate haiN| sabala nirbala ke adhikAroM ko chIte yaha anadhikAra ceSTA hai| ataH jIvana ke Adarza mArga kI aura bar3hane ke liye isakA tyAga hI kalyANakArI hai / asteya sAmAjika jIvana kI suvyavasthA ke liSe mUla zikSA hai / brahmacarya / manuSya meM aneka prakAra kI vAsanAtroM aura lAlasAoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai / viveka dvArA una vAsanAoM aura lAlasAoM para niyantraNa rakhanA hI brahmacarya hai| jo vyakti aisA niyantraNa nahIM rakhatA hai vaha viSayoM ke gaDDhe meM aisA giratA hai ki phira usakA utthAna honA bar3A kaThina hotA hai| viSayoM kA rasAsvAdana bAhara se madhura hai kinsu pariNAma meM duHkharUpa hai| inakA adhika se adhika upabhoga karane para bhI kSudhA zAnta nahIM hotI kintu uttarottara bar3hatI hai| prAga meM jisa prakAra ghRta DAlane se vaha adhikAdhika pracaNDa hI hotI hai, ThIka isI prakAra viSayoM ke upabhoga se uttarottara tRSNA bar3hatI jAtI hai ghaTatI nhiiN| ataeva vivekI manuSya viSayoM ke duHkhAvaha pariNAma ko .

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( 164 ) sadA dhyAna meM rakhate hue unameM phaMsate nahIM aura unakA tyAga karanA hai| zreSTha samajhate haiN| kutte ko jaba sUkhI haDDI kA Tukar3A mila jAtA hai vaha usako bar3e cAva se khUba cabAtA hai aura usa haDDI ke tIkSNa bhAga ke cubhane se usake apane muMha se hI khUna nikalane lagatA hai| vaha kattA yaha samajhakara ki rakta haDDI se nikala rahA hai use aura adhika cabAtA hI jAtA hai| ThIka yaha! dazA zAstrakAroM ne viSaya laMpaTa puruSoM kI bhI batAI hai| viSayoM ke bhoga se nAza to unakA apanA hA hotA hai kintu ve samajhate haiM ki rasa viSayoM se mila rahA hai| viSayAM kA dhyAna karane se kisa prakAra manuSya uttarottara patana kI ora bar3hatA hai isakA bar3A hI sundara citraNa gItA meM khIMcA hai: dhyAyatI viSayAn pusaH saMgastepUpajAyate / saMgAtsaMjAyate kAmaH kAmAkodho'bhijAyate / / krodhAdbhavati saMmohaH saMmohAtsmRtivibhramaH / smRtibhrazAd buddhinAzo buddhinAzAtpraNazyati / / (gItA 2 / 62-63) arthAt-viSayoM kA nistara dhyAna karane se manuSya kA unameM lagAva hojAtA hai| lagAva arthAt saMga se kAma kI utpatti hotI hai / kAma se krodha paidA hotA hai, krodha se bhUla hotI hai, bhUla se smRti bigar3atI hai, smRti ke bigar3ane se buddhi kA nAza aura buddhi kA nAza hone se manuSya kA sarvanAza hojAtA hai / gItA ke ina do zloka ratnoM meM manovijJAna kA kitanA sundara aura sArapUrNa citra khoMcA hai isakI prazaMsA kie banatI hai|

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( 165 ) aparigraha | saMsAra ke sukhoM kA apanI icchA se syAga kara denA, tRSNA se virakti, aura aneka vastunoM ke saMgraha kA moha tyAga hI aparigraha kahalAtA hai / manuSya jitanA hI adhika vastunoM kA parigraha karatA jAtA hai, utanA hI usakA unake prati moha bar3hatA jAtA hai aura uma moha kA pariNAma sadA zAnti aura duHkha hotA hai / zrataeva jitanA hI kama parigraha ho utanA hI manu ya nizcinta, sukhI aura prasanna rahatA hai / sAtvika aura sAdA jIvana hI sukhakArI hotA hai / da saMsAra ne aparigraha ke mahattva ko samajhA hotA to grAja jo prU jipatiyoM aura sAmyavAdiyoM meM saGgharSa cala rahA hai aura bhayAnaka raktapAta ho rahA haiM yaha kabhI na hotA | zramaNa saMskRti ke aparigraha Adarza ke anusAra yadi sasAra ke loga sAdA jIvana vyatIta karate aura apane bhAiyoM ke zoSaNa se pUMjI ibaTThI na karate to yaha svAbhAvika thA ki vaha pU MjI kevala alpa saMkhyaka manuSyoM ke pAsa na rahakara jana sAdhAraNa taka phailI hotI / aisI sthiti meM sAmyavAda jaise siddhAnta kA janma hI na ho pAtA / aparigraha ke mahattva ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hI zrAba mAnava dAnava bana rahA hai| cora bAz2ArI kA bAz2Ara garma hai / parigraha ke upAsaka lobhI aura lAlacI logoM ke kAraNa zrAja vizva meM asaMkhya parivAra aneka bhayAnaka kaSToM ke bhAra se pisa rahe haiM / atyAvazyaka jIvana ke sAdhana bhI dina pratidina durlabha ho rahe haiM aura jIvana bhAra rUpa banatA jA rahA hai / kisI ke pAsa itanA hai ki meM lagAtA hai aura adhika logoM ke pAsa sAmAnyarUpa se jIvana nirvAha bhI kara sakeM 1 vaha vyasanoM / isa prakAra kA mahAn viSama antara hI kalaha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat * itanA bhI nahIM hai ki ve mAnava aura mAnava meM ra ruGgharSakA kAraNa hai / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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( 196 ) yadi sampanna rASTra aura loga parigraha ke moha ko tyAga deM to saMsAra kI saba sAmAjika jaTilatAe~ dUra hojAe~ aura kaThina samasyAe~ sulajha jAe~ / yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa saMskRti ke maharSi anAdi kAla se vizva ko aparigraharUA mahAvrata kA pAlana karane kA sandeza dete Ae haiM / tapa kI pradhAnatA / uparyukta pAMca mahAvata hI naitika AcaraNa ke a.dhAra hai / inako kAryarUpa meM pariNata karane ke liye tapazcaryA kI AvazyakatA hai| tapa hI mAnava ko dharma kI ora pravRtta karAtA hai| tapa do prakAra kA mAnA hai:- (1) bAhya aura (2) zrAbhyantara / bAhya meM (1) anazana, (2) avamodarikA, (3) bhikSAcaryA, (4) rasa parityAga, (5) kAyakleza aura (6) saMlInatA sammilita haiM / abhyAtara tA meM (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya, (3) vaiyAvRtya, (4) svAdhyAya, (5) dhyAna aura (6) vyutmaga / tapazcayAM se zrAtmazuddhi hotI hai aura antaHkaraNa ke kleza kI nivRtti hotI hai| isake liye sahanazIlatA kI nitAnta aAvazyakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI ne tapazcaryA ke samaya aneka prakAra ke kAyaklezoM ko avicalita bhAva se sahana kiyaa| jaba ve anArya dezoM meM bihAra kara rahe the to ajJAnI manuSyoM ne una para kutte chor3e kintu unakI kucha bhI paravAha na karate hue ve apane dhyAna meM aTala rhe| zramaNa saMskRti meM prAtmazuddhi ko jIvana kA lakSya mAnA hai aura isI kAraNa se tapazcaryA kI pradhAnatA hai| jaina dharma grantha aise aneka udAharaNoM se bhare par3e haiM jinase patA calatA hai ki sAdhAraNa

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( 167 ) vyaktiyoM kI to bAta hI kyA bar3e-bar3e cakravartI rAjA bhI zrAtmazuddhi ke liye ghora tapasyA karate the| mahAkavi zrI vIranandI jI likhate hai*: "munivara ke Age vinaya se sira jhukA kara cakravartI ajitasena ne saMkSepa meM kahA ki maiM Apake zrAzrama meM hI jAne vAlA thaa| para mere puNyoM ke kAraNa Apa yahIM aAgae / jaba manuSya durgati meM girane lagatA hai taba senA aAdi vaibhava aura bAndhava koI bhI zrAzraya nahIM de skte| yaha jAnakara merA jI cAhatA hai ki maiM ApakI hI sevA meM rhuuN| he varadAyaka, isaliye prasanna hokara Apa mujhe apanI dIkSA diijiye| kyoMki ApakI thor3I sI bhI kRpA zubha karake azubha ko miTA detI hai| sajanoM kA anugraha kyA nahIM kara sakatA ? isa prakAra rAjA ne jaba apane hRdaya kI bAta kahadI taba samartha rAjA ke sAhasa kI parIkSA karane ke irAde se munivara ne unheM unakI icchA se pherane vAle vacana kahanA zurU kiyA / rAjan, kaThina zarIra vAle mujha sarIkhe sAdhu jane jisa dukara tapa kI zrAMce nahIM saha sakate usako tumhAre marIkhe kuMkuma lepa se lAlita sukumAra loga kaise kara sakate haiM ? tuma dayAlu, dharma ko hI dhana samajhane vAle aura apane vaibhava ko paropakAra meM lagAne vAle ho| tumhArA caritra aisA nahIM hai ki vidvAn loga usakI nindA kreN| tuma gRhastha ho, taba bhI tumhArA AcaraNa tapasviyoM ke hI samAna hai| isa liye rAjan, zrApa dayAlu, sAdhuvatsala, mokSakAmuka bane rahekara yuga bhaira isa pRthvI kA zAsana kro| tuma ina aMnAya logoM ko pAloM aura ubaaro| donoM ko ubArane se bar3hakara aura koI tapasyA nahIM hai| muni ke isa prakAra kahane para dRr3ha-sakalpa rAjA ne mokSa ke mArga meM dRr3ha hokara phira isa prakAra apane pakSa kA samarthana prArambha * dekho candraprabha caritra hiM* aM0 pR0 113, 114 /

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( 168 ) kiyA-he Iza, maiM parama pUjanIya jo pApa haiM unakI isa aAnA ke viSaya meM phira jo kucha kahanA cAhatA hUM, usakA kAraNa janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM kA jaMjAla hI hai| ina jIvoM ko iSTAniSTa ke viyoga saMyoga se yadi duSTa pIr3AyeM na hotI to jinendracandra dvArA dhAraNa kiye isa matya zrora mahAkaThina mahAvatoM ko kauna grahaNa karatA ? yadi gRhastha rahane para bhI vicitra duHkha dene vAlA janma-maraNa kA cakra miTa jAtA hai to phira pApa jaise vivekI mahApuruSoM kA tapa meM parizrama karanA vRthA ho ThaharA / jina-dIkSA meM jinakA mana lagA huA hai una udAra caritra rAjA ke ye vacana sunakara munivara ko yaha nizcaya hogayA ki inhoMne soca vicAra kara yahI dRr3ha nizcaya kara liyA hai| taba unhoMne rAjA kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kiyaa| parivAra ke bandhana se mukta. rAjA ne muni kI anumati pAkara apane putra ko vaha niSkaNTaka rAjya de diyaa| usake bAda unhoMne parigraha chor3a kara saMyama kA alaGkAra rUpa tapa grahaNa kara liyaa| ghora tapa karate hue bhayazUnya rAjA purabAhara payaGkAsana se sthita rahakara hemanta kI rAteM bitAne lge| dhairya-vastradhArI rAjA vahIM pAle aura ThaNDI havA ke vega ko sahate the| bhayAnaka saiMkar3oM ulkApAtoM se dussaha aura ghora ghana-ghaTAoM se andhakAra phailA dene bAlI varSARtu kI rAtoM meM kSamatAzAlI ve per3oM kI jar3a meM baiThe hue mUsalAdhAra pAnI sahate the| ve garmiyoM meM sUrya ke sAmane khar3e rahate the / tapI huI sUI ke samAna zarIra meM cubhane vAlI sUrya kI kiraNoM ke lagane para bhI ve dhyAna se nahIM ddige| karttavyakAma kitanA hI kaThina kyoM na ho use karane ke liye sajana loga dRr3ha rahate haiN|"

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( 166 ) jaise: sAmAjika jIvana / vaidika dharma ke sAmAjika jIvana meM cAra aAzramoM kA vidhAna hai / jaise:-brahmacArI gRhasthazca vAnaprastho yatistathA / ___ete gRhastha prabhavAzcatvAraH pRthagAzramAH / / manu0 6 / 87 arthAt-brahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha, tathA sanyAsI ye cAroM aAzrama alaga 2 hone para bhI gRhasthAzrama se hI jAyamAna hote haiM / ___ThIka isI prakAra kA mantaba jaina dharmagranthoM meM bhI milatA hai / brahmacArI gRhasthazca vAnaprastho'tha bhikSukaH / ityAzramAstu jainAnAmuttarottara zuddhitaH // jinasena-aAMdi purANa / arthAt brahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura bhikSuka ye jainiyoM ke cAra Azrama uttarottara zuddhi ke liye haiM / yahAM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki jisa prakAra vaidika dharma meM aAzrama vyavasthA para jora diyA hai aura kAryarUpa meM usakA pAlana bhI kiyA gayA hai isa prakAra jaina dharma meM nhiiN| jainAgamoM ne cAra tIrthoM ke zrAcAra vicAra para hI jora diyA hai| jaina saMskRti ke aAgama tathA anya dharma grantha tIrtha viSayaka karmakANDa se hI bhare hue haiN| zramaNa saMskRti meM kaThina tapasyA karane ke liye caturyAzrama taka pratIkSA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM kintu jIva kA saMskAra yadi utkRSTa hai to kisI avasthA meM bhI vaha tapazcaryA kA adhikArI hai| mere vicAra se baina purANoM meM jo zrAzrama vyavasthA kA vidhAna hai yaha bahuta pIche kA hai aura yaha jaina saMskRti kI apanI cIz2a nahIM kintu vaidika dharma kA hI jaina saMskRti para prabhAva hai|

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( 200 ) gRhastha dharma / zramaNadharma nivRtti aura tapapradhAna dharma hai isa kAraNa yaha na samajhanA cAhiye ki isameM gRhasthamArga kI upekSA kI gaI hai aura usakA isameM zradara nahIM hai / vaidika saMskRti ke samAna zramaNa saMskRti meM bhI gRhasthAzrama ko dharma kI AdhAra zilA mAnA hai / gRhastha ke binA dharma kI pravRtti aura pragati nahIM ho sakatI / kevala siddhAnta vidhAna mAtra se zrAtmazuddhi pradhAna tara kI kriyA nahIM ho sakatI aura nahIM kevala zrAgama jJAna ke bodha se AcAra vicAra kA pAlana hI ho sakatA hai kintu saba prakAra kI dhArmika kriyAyoM ke liye vAhya sAdhanoM kI zrAvazyakatA rahatI hai jinako gRhastha pUrA karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yatra tatra jaina dharmagranthoM meM 'gRhasthA dharma hetavaH' aura 'zrAvakA mUla kAraNam' jaise gAkya milate haiN| isI satya kI puSTi vaidika maharSi bhI karate haiM: - sarveSAmapi caiteSAM vedasmRti vidhAnataH / gRhastha ucyate zra eSThaH sa trInetAn vibharti hi // manu0 686 zrarthAt samasta zrAzramoM meM veda aura smRti kI batAI huI vidhi ke anusAra calane vAlA gRhastha zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai / kyoMki gRhastha hI ina tInoM zrAzramoM kI rakSA karatA hai / jaina dharmagranthoM meM gRhastha ke liye do taraha ke dharmoM kA vidhAna milatA hai| ve haiM laukika aura pAralaukika / jaise: dvau hi dharmo gRhasthAnAM laukikaH pAralaukikaH / lokAzrayo bhavedAdyaH paraH syAdAgamAzrayaH //

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( 201 ) sarva eva hi jainAnAM pramANaM laukiko vidhiH / yatra samyaktva hAnirna yatra na vrata dUSaNam / / ( yazastilaka) arthAt-gRhasthoM ke liye laukika aura pAralaukika do prakAra ke dharmoM kA vidhAna hai| laukika dharma lokAzrita arthAt-laukikajanoM kI dezakAlAnusAriNI pravRtti ke adhIna aura pAralaukika aAgamAzrita athavA prAptapraNIta zAstroM ke adhIna batalAyA hai / * sAMsArika vyavahAroMke liye aAgama kA prAzraya lenA bhI bahuta Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gayA aura sAtha 2 yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jainiyoM ke liye ve sampUrNa laukika bidhiyAM pramANa haiM jinase unakI dhArmika zraddhA meM koI bAdhA na par3atI ho aura na vratoM meM hI koI dUSaNa lagatA ho / ___ isa prakAra zramaNa-saMskRti meM gRhasthAzrama kA sthAna bahuta U~cA aura AdaraNIya hai| vivAha / vivAha karanA gRhastha kA parama kartavya hai / zrAdipurANa meM bhagavajina senAcArya ne likhA hai ki jaba yuga ke prArambha meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne vivAha ke liye kucha anicchA prakaTa kI to unake pitA nAbhi rAjA ne unako samajhAte hue ye vacana kahe: tvAmAdipUruSaM dRSTavA lokopyevaM pravartatAm / mahatAM mArgavartInyaH prajAH suprajaso hyamUH / / 61 / / tataH kalatramatreSTaM pariNetu manaH kuru / prajAsaMtatirevaM hi nocchetsyati vidAMvara // 62 // pajAsaMtatyavicchede tanute dharmasaMtatiH / / * vivAha samuddezya pRSTha 20 / Adi purANa parva 15 /

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( 202 ) arthAt - aAdi puruSa aApako dekhakara loga bhI zrApakA hI anukaraNa kareMge / prajAjana bar3oM ke divAe mArga para hI calA karate haiM / ataeva zrApa patnI ke pariNayana kI prArthanA ko svIkAra kareM / aisA karane se santAnotpatti kI zRGkhalA nirantara calatI rahegI aura usake calane se dharma-satati kI vRddhi hogii| ___ varNa vyavasthA ke prakaraNa meM yaha batAyA ba cukA hai ki mUlataH zramaNa saMskRti meM varNa vyavasthA karma se hI rahI hai kintu vaidika saMskRti ke sAtha nirantara cirakAlIna samparka se yaha usake prabhAva se mukta nahIM raha skii| nIce diyA udAharaNa isa satya kI puSTi karatA hai / vaidika. saMskRti ke anusAra: zUdrava bhAryA zUdrasya sA ca svA ca vizaH smRte / te ca svA caiva rAjJazca tAzca svA caagrjnmnH|| manusmRti 3 / 13 arthAt-zUdrA hI zUdra kI strI ho sakatI hai dUsarI nhiiN| vaizya ko vaizya varNa vAlI aura aura zUdrA; kSatriya ko kSatriyA, vaizyA tathA zUdA; brAhmaNoM ko cAroM varNoM kI kanyAoM se vivAha karane kA adhikAra hai| ThIka aisA hI mantavya jaina purANoM meM bhI milatA hai| jaise: - zUdrA zUdraNa voDhavyA nAnyA svAM tAM ca nmH| vahetsvA te ca rAjanyaH mvAM dvijammA kaciccatAH // ThIka Upara jaisA hI artha isakA bhI hai| pharmamUlaka zramaNa-saMskRti para yaha banmamUlaka saMskRti kA hI asara hai aura yaha asara bahuta zrAdi purANa /

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( 203 ) prAcIna nahIM kintu bahuta pIche kA hai| zramaNa-saMskRti vAstava meM karmamUnaka hone ke kAraNa vivAha ke liye jAtipAti kA koI pratibandha upasthita nahIM krtii| vivAha meM nAtibandhana kI prathA bahuta pIche kI hai / zAstroM meM asavarNa vivAhoM ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / bar3ebar3e pratiSTita mahApuruSa bhIloM aura mlecchoM Adi taka kI kanyAoM se nissaMkoca vivAha kara lete the| eka hI gotra aura eka hI parivAra meM bhI vivAha ho sakatA thaa| zrI neminAtha ke cacA vasudeva jI ne apane cacAz2Ada bhAI ugrasena kI lar3akI devakI se vivAha kara liyA thaa|* mAmA aura phUphI kI lar3akI se vivAha to grAma pracalita thaa| dAkSiNAtya brAhmaNoM meM to isa prakAra ke vivAha aAja bhI pracalita haiN| parantu isa prakAra ke vivAha usa samaya bhI sArvadezika nahIM the| isI kAraNa somadeva sUri ne likhA hai:-'dezakulApekSo mAtulasambandhaH / vivAhoM meM sabase uttama svayaMvara vivAha ko mAnA ja tA thA / zrAdi purANa meM vivAha vidhAna ke prakaraNa meM svayaMvara vivAha ko hI sarvazretra batAyA hai| jaise:-sanAtano'sti mArgo'yaM zrutismRtiSu bhASitaH / vivAhavidhibhedeSu variSTo hi svayaMvaraH / / arthAt-vivAha ke jitane bheda haiM, unameM svayaMvara hI sabase zreSTha hai aura zruti-smRtiyoM meM isakI mahimA hai| anAdikAla se vivAha kA yahI uttama mArga calA AtA hai| __svayaMvara meM gaI huI kanyA apanI ruci ke asumAra vara ko cunatI hai:-kanyA vRNIte rucitaM svayaMvaragatA varam / * vivAha samuddezya pR0 18 /

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( 204) kulInamakulInaM vA kramonAsti svayaMvare // * arthAt-svayaMvara meM gaI huI kanyA kulIna aura akulIna kA vicAra na karake apanI icchA ke anusAra vara ko cunatI hai / jainakAla meM bahu vivAha kI prathA avazya pracalita thI kintu parastrI kI aora dRSTi DAlanA bahuta burA samajhA jAtA thaa| loga apanI 2 priyatamAtroM se hI santuSTa rahate the| zramaNa-saMskRti ke pravartaka / zramaNa saMskRti ke zrAdi pravartaka kauna the, ve katra hue aura kina-kina paristhitiyoM meM unhoMne isakI nIMva rakkhI isakA itihAsa se kucha patA nahIM cltaa| hAM upalabdha 'AgamagranthoM' tathA anya sAhitya se yaha spaSTa hai ki nAbhiputra AditIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva svAmI zramaNa-saMskRti ke mahAn samarthaka the| unhoMne isakA marvatra pracAra kiyaa| unhoMne hI logoM ke liye rahana-sahana ke niyamoM ko banAyA aura unheM pAlana karane kA DhaMga sikhaayaa| jaGgalI jAnavaroM se prAtma-trANa karane ke liye unhoMne logoM ko zastra banAnA sikhAyA, aura svayaM tanavAra hAtha meM lekara unhoMne logoM ko usakA prayoga karanA sigvAyA / karmamUlaka varNa vyavasthA bhI unhoMne hI baandhii| AdirAja RSabhadeva ne hI karma ko che bhAgoM meM bAMTA-(1) yuddha, (2) kRSi, (3) sAhitya, (5) zilpa, (5) vANijya aura (6) vyavasAya / nyAyapUrvaka prajApAlana ke mahattva ko bhI unhoMne hI tatkAlIna rAnAtroM ko smjhaayaa| unhoMne tatkAlIna logoM ko likhanA par3hanA sikhAyA aura kRSi ke yogya logoM ko kRSi karane kA daMga btaayaa| * jinadAsa harivaMza purANa /

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( 205 ) aneka prakAra kI zilpakalAtroM kA AviSkAra bhI unhoMne kiyaa| sAmAjika suvyavasthA ke liye unhoMne aneka niyama banAye aura anuzAsana tathA maryAdA meM rahakara unakA pAlana karanA logoM ko sikhAyA / jaba unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki unakA bar3A putra rAjyabhAra saMbhAlane meM aura prajApAlane meM pUrNarUpa se samartha hogayA hai to ve rAjyabhAra usa ko sauMpa kara aura svayaM sava kucha tyAga karake cale gaye aura tapazcaryA karane lge| isa prakAra anAdi paraMparA se calI AI zramaNa saskRti ke nirmANa meM AditIrthaMkara zrI RSabha deva svAmI kA kitanA hAtha hai yaha pAThaka svayaM anumAna kara sakate haiM / zramaNa saMskRti kI mahAnatA / isa prakAra zramaNa saMskRti kA vAhya rUpa logoM ko bhale hI aAkarSaNa karane vAlA na lage kintu usa kA aAntarika svarUpa bar3e hI mahatva kA hai| aAntarika svarUpa ke mahattva kA kAraNa yahI hai ki isakI AdhArazilA AdhyAtmikatA hai| saMsAra kI anya saMskRtiyAM vAhyADambara, TIpa TApa bhautikavAda, rAjanaitika cAturya aura kUTanItijJatA meM vizvAsa karatI haiM kintu zramaNa saMskRti vAhyarUpa meM saralatA, niHspRhatA aura ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatI hai| zramaNa saMskRti kI nIMva prAdhyasmitA , tapasyA, tyAga, satya aura vizva prema para rakhI gaI hai / paM0 zrI rAjIvi nocana jI amihotrI ne jo bhAratIya saMskRti para nimnalikhita paMktiyAM likhI haiM ve zramaNa saMskRti para pUrNarUpa se ghaTita hotI haiM: "saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko prAtmavat mAna kara una se prema, karuNA, upakAra; kSamA, ahiMsA, aura sahiSNutA kA bhAva * hi saM. aM. pR0 410 /

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( 206 ) rakhanA, una ke liye apane vyaktigata jIvana ke svArtha, sukhopabhoga kI lAlasA ; yaza aura pratiSTA kI cAha kA parityAga karanA , dUsare ke vinAza meM apanA nirmANa dekhane kI lipsA samApta karanA, ghRNA, vidveSa, amahiSNutA aura matAndhatA ko apane jIvana meM na Ane denA tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI use na phailane denA; indriyoM ko saMyama meM kasakara antaH karaNa ko pavitratA kI ora bar3hanA. satvazuddhi ke liye ho upayukta jIvana-praNAlIkA nirmANa karanA aura dvandoM se Upara uThate hue niSkAma bhAva se karma karane kI kSamatA prApta karanA yahI bhAratIya saMskRti hai / manuSya kI pazutA miTA kara use mAnava banAnA aura phira IzvaratvakI ao| use purassara kAnA bhAratIya saMskRtikA kArya hai / " isa prakAra AkAttika, rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika aAdi sabhI jovana ke kSetroM se anAga paMskRti vizva ko anya maskRtiyoM meM bahuta U~cA sthAna rakhatI hai| pAMca mahAvatoM ke saMkSipta vivarNa se hI pAThaka bhanI bhA~ti samajha gae hoMge ki zramaNa saMskRti meM mAnava jIvana ko adho. gatikI aora lejAne vAle hiMsA, asatya, anadhikAra ceSTA, asaMyama aura tRSNA kA kitanA virodha kiyA gayA hai| saMsAra meM vyApaka rUpase phailI huI viSamatA, spardhA, kalaha aura azA nsa ko miTAne ke liye bhramaNa saMskRti ne vizvake sAmane ahisA, satya, samAnata , saMyama aura yAga ke grAdarzoM ko rakkhA hai| ina AdarzoM para calane se hI vizva meM zAnti kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho sakatA hai aura mAnava jAti Atma kalyANa kI ora bar3ha sakatI hai /

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2allG. alcpbis IU TheP GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG jaina prinTiga presa, ambAlA zahara / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umeras Surat*****woman 'www.umaragyanbnandar.com