Gujaratno Rajkiya ane Sanskritik Itihas Part 06 Mughal Kal

Author(s): Rasiklal C Parikh, Hariprasad G Shastri
Publisher: B J Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032609/1

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ke mAMsa HTTP/ MASTI RTTTTTTTT | Ika lImI ThNAMnA manamAM zAyata HIT / IN A Di///// gujarAna mA zAkaDIza zAne zAMti hari thI 8 kAjI to tamaintan

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saMzAdhana graMthamAlA - graMthAMka 75 zeTha bheLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa graMtha 6 mughala kAla saMpAdake rasikalAla choTAlAla parIkha anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzodhana-mArgadarzaka ane nivRtta adhyakSa, zeTha bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda ane hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. anusnAtaka adhyApaka, saMzodhana-mArgadarzaka ane adhyakSa, zeTha bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda zeTha bheLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380 009

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prathama saMrakaraNa visaM. ra3 . I.sa. 198 kiMmata rUA. zALA mudraka prakAzaka hariprasAda ga. zAstrI adhyakSa ' "bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana 2. che. mArga, amadAvAda-380 009 ke bhIkhAlAla bhAvasAra zrI svAmInArAyaNa mudraNa madira 612/21, puruSottamanagara, - navA vADaja, amadAvAda-380013

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prastAvanA gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanI graMthamAlAne A graMtha 6 ThTho mughala kAlane lagato che. gujarAtanA itihAsamAM A kAla I.sa. 1573 thI 1758 sudhInAM 185 varSonA kAlane AvarI le che. ' saltanatanI sarakhAmaNIe mughalAInI hakumata daramyAna bhAratamAM ekaMdare zAMti ane samRddhi vadhI hatI. gujarAtamAM paNa enI spaSTa asara varatAya che, paraMtu gujarAtanI saltanata sthapAtAM pahelAM jema gujarAta para dilhInI satanatanA nAjhimene vahIvaTa raheze tema gujarAtanI salatanata pachInA A kAla daramyAna ahIM mughala bAdazAhanA subedArone vahIvaTa rahyo hato. emAM keTalAka zAhajAdAe tathA khaMDiyA rAjAono samAveza thato, auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI dilhImAM pAyatakhta mATe AMtarika jhaghaDA thavA lAgyA ne gujarAtamAM marAThAonAM AkramaNa thayA karyA. enI zarUAta auraMgajhebanA amala daramyAna zivAjIe surata para karelI caDAIothI thaI hatI. marAThA saradAro ane pezavAonAM sainya dhIme dhIme dakSiNa gujarAtathI mAMDIne cheka saurASTra sudhI pagapesAro karavA lAgyAM ne Akhare vaDedarAmAM gAyakavADanI sattA sthapAI. 1737 thI 1753 sudhI mughalane gujarAtanA vaDA mathaka amadAvAdamAM marAThAone saMyukta vahIvaTa svIkAravAnI pharaja paDI. pachInAM traNeka varSa te tyAM marAThAonI pUrI sattA pravatI. chevaTamAM khaMbhAtanA momInakhAna 2 jAe mughala bAdazAha vatI sattA hAMsala karI, paraMtu e pachI savAdeDha varSamAM ahIM mughala hakumatane kAyama mATe aMta AvyA ne gujarAtamAM marAThAonI saLaMga sattA pravatI. A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM piTagIjha vasAhata cAlu rahI, paNa emanI sattAnAM vaLatAM pANI thayAM, paraMtu valaMdAo aMgreja phrenca ane osTriyAnI bAbara ane enA vaMzajone bhAratanA itihAsamAM mughalo tarIke oLakhavAno rivAja che. paraMtu bAbarano mughalo sAthe saMbaMdha mAtapakSe hato. pitapakSe te e tuka jAtinA tImUrane vaMzaja hato. enuM mULa nAma "jhahIra-uda-dIna muhammada hatuM. vaLI e gola(mughala) jAtine dhikkArato ne pitAne turka tarIke oLakhAvavAmAM gaurava leto. AthI A bAdazAhane kharI rIte turka gaNavA joIe. chatAM ahIM teone mughala tarIke oLakhAvyA che te itihAsamAM lAMbA kAlathI rUDha thayela pracalita praghAta, anusAra samajavuM.

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6 paNa vasAhatA sthapAI. e sahumAM chevaTe aMgrejo AvyA. mughala bAdazAha jahAMgIra taraphathI teone vepAra ane vasavATanI chUTa gujarAtamAM maLI hatI. kAla daramyAna baMdara tarIke suratanI paDatI thaI ne aMgrejoe ene badale muMbaIne dara tarIke vizvasAvavA mAMDayuM, A graMthanA khaMDa 1 : prAstAvikamAM phArasI-arakhI tavArIkheA, phrArasI- arakhI abhilekho ane sikkA, hiMdu-jaina sAhitya, saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekho, khatapatro ane pharamAneA, purAvastukIya sAdhanA--e vividha sAdhana-sAmagrIne sAmAnya paricaya ApavAmAM AvyuM che. khaMDa 2 rAjakIya itihAsane lagatA che. emAM pahelAM gujarAta sAthenA mudhala bAdazAheAnA pusa parkAnA tathA gujarAtamAM thayelI mughalAInI sthApanAne khyAla ApIne, AdazAha akabarathI mAMDIne bAdazAha AlamagIra 2 jAnA rAjya amalane vRttAMta nirUpAye che. A kAla daramyAna kaccha saurASTra ane taLagujarAtamAM aneka samakAlIna rAjya thayAM. enA rAjavaMzAne vRttAMta prakaraNa 5 mAM ApavAmAM Avye che.. emAM jADejA jhAlA paramArA gRhilA khIcIM cauhANA ane sAlakInI aneka samAMtara zAkhAo pratrI, jUnAgaDha rAdhanapura pAlanapura ane khaMbhAtamAM navAbI vaMza sthapAyA. videzI vasAhatA ane marAThI sattAne vRttAMta A prakaraNanAM pariziSTamAM apAye che. gujarAtanAM sUbA sarakAra paragaNAM baMdarA nagarA ane gAmAne vahIvaTa mughalAImAM kevI rIte thatA ene vigatavAra paricaya rAjyataMtranA prakaraNamAM apAce che. enA pariziSTamAM karelu gujarAtanI TakazALAmAM paDAyelA sikkAAnuM nirUpaNa sikkAzAstra tathA rAjakIya itihAsa mATe mahattvanuM che. sAMskRtika itihAsane lagatA khaMDa 3 mAM mulalakAlIna gujarAtanAM sAmAjika sthiti, Arthika sthiti, bhASA ane sAhitya, lipi ane dhama sa'pradAyeAnu` nirUpaNa karAyu che. emAM suratanA baMdara vize eka pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. mudhalAImAM amadAvAdanA zeTha zAMtidAsa jhaverInuM kuTuMba mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatu hatuM. bhASAomAM phArasI bhASA - rAjyavahIvaTanI bhASA tarIke hiMduemAM paNa lokapriya nIvaDI ane madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASA enI arvAcIna bhASAbhUmi sudhI AvI pahoMce che. gujarAtamAM vipula sAhitya sAg, emAM akhA premAnaMda ane zAmaLanAM pradAna agrima sthAna dharAve che. ArasI sAhityamAM hiMda tathA pArasI lekhakAe paNa gaganApAtra phALA ApyA. urdU sAhityamAM

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7 valI gujarAtIe ApelA phrALA gujarAte gaurava levA jevA che. nAmarI lipimAMthI have gujarAtI lipa dhaDAI, phArasI zilAlekhAmAM nastAlIka zailInA vaparAza vadhyuM. dha sa MpradAyomAM puSTimAga leAkapriya thaye. vaheArAomAM sulemAnI ane dAdI nAme peTA phirakA paDayA. pArasI vasAhateAmAM navasArI uparAMta suratanuM mahattva vadhyuM. pArasImAnA Ataza baherAma navasArIthI udavADA khaseDAye, gujarAtanA keTalAka pArasIe have muMbaI jaI tyAM paNa vasyA. mughalakAlIna vasati-tArAnuM vyavasthita utkhanana bhAgyeja thayuM che, paraMtu mAratAnuM adhyayana sAruM thayuM che. nagarAmAM amadAvADha pATaNa ane suratane vikAsa thaye|. saurASTramAM bhAvanagara vasAvAyuM. gujarAtamAM gaNunApAtra bhAgaagIcA ane jaLAzayeAnA umerA thayA. devAlayeAmAM khaMbhAta kAvI zatru Mjaya pATaNa za khezvara kuMbhAriyA nArAyaNasarezavara dvArakA zAmaLAjI amadAvAda vagere sthaLeAe suMdara maMdira baMdhAyAM. amadAvAda siddhapura surata vagere sthaLeAe keTalIka suMdara islAmI imArata baMdhAI. zilpakRtiomAM pASANu dhAtu tathA kASThanI keTalIka suMdara zilpakRtie ghaDAI. emAM jALIkAmanA keTalAka namUnA kalAtmaka che. citrakalAmAM laghucitronI prAdezika kalAzailI vikasatI rahI ne kayAreka bhitticitronI kalA paNu pragaTatI rahI. prakaraNAnA aMte yure|pIya pravAsIoe karelI gujarAtanI naoNMdhAne lagatuM pariziSTa ApavAmAM AvyuM che, prakaraNa pachI vazAvaLIe sadRsUci ane zabdasUci ApavAmAM AvI che. Ama A graMthamAM agAunA graMthAnI AyeAjanA anusAra prastuta kAlanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsanAM vividha pAsAM nirUpavAmAM AvyAM che. 1968 mAM A graMthamAlAnA lekhana-sa MpAdananuM kArya zarU thayuM te seka varSamAM enA pahelA cha graMtha prakAzita thayA. A daramyAna amane pahelethI gujarAta rAjya sarakAra taraphathI kharcanA 75 TakA jeTalA anudAnanI Arthika sahAya temaja gujarAtanA ItihAsanA aneka tajjJo taraphathI pramANita lekhananI vidyAkIya sahAya maLatI rahI che. A yAjanAnI saphaLatAne yaza Ne aMze e sahune phALe jAya che. ahI eka bAbatanI AAMdha levI jarUrI lAge che. prAcInakAlanI sarakhAmaNIe madhyakAlanA itihAsanA tajjJonI saMkhyA ghaNI ochI che. bhAratanA madhyakAlanA ItihAsanA adhyApaka ghaNA che, paraMtu jeone bhAratanA ane emAM vizeSata: gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanAM vividha

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pAsAMnAM mULa sAdhanane sIdho abhyAsa thayele heya tevA vidvAnenI ghaNI khoTa sAle che. AvI khoTa arvAcIna kAlanA prAdezika ItihAsa mATe paNa varatAze evo amane bhaya che. kadAca arabI-phArasI sAdhanasAmagrIne sIdho paricaya dharAvanAra saMzodhake karatAMya porTugIjha-Daca-phrenca sAdhanasAmagrIne paricaya dharAvanAra saMzodhakonI saMkhyA jUja haze. mULa sAdhanenAM adhyayana-saMzodhanamAM madhyakAlanA tathA arvAcIna kAlanA ItihAsa aMge vizeSa preraNA protsAhana ane tAlIma ApavAmAM Ave e atyaMta Avazyaka che. ahIM dasakAnA amArA saMpAdana-prakAzana kAryanA anubhavamAMthI phalita thatA bIjA beeka muddAonI noMdha laIe to e asthAne nahi gaNAya. gujarAtanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanI jeone sIdhI jANakArI thayelI hoya tevA vidvAna AMgaLIne veDhe gaNAya teTalA che. teo paikI keTalAka vidvAnane amane haMmezAM sakriya sahakAra maLato rahyo che. thoDAka vidvAnoe aya rokANa vagerene laIne pahelethI sahakAra ApavAnI azakti darzAvI che. paraMtu keTalAka suda vidvAnane pitAnI abhirucinA viSayane lagatAM lakhANa taiyAra karatAM niyata samayamaryAdAnA karatAM eTalo badho vilaMba thAya che ke enAthI te te graMthanuM mudraNa khoraMbhe paDe che, eTaluM ja nahi, chellI ghaDIe maLelAM lakhANenA saMpAdana mATe paNa pUrato samaya raheto nathI. A yojanA gujarAtanI prajA mATe ghaNI upayogI hoI te te viSayanA vidvAne emAM amane sakriya sahakAra Ape ane e sahakAra samayasara ApatA rahe to A graMthanA lekhananI guNavattA tathA prakAzananI samayasaratA jALavavI zakya bane. Akho graMtha koI eka vidvAnanA hAthe lakhAya tene badale vividha viSayanA aneka tajajJonA samUhathI taiyAra thAya to enAM vividha pAsAMnA nirUpaNamAM adhika guNavattA Ave che. e A graMthamAlAnI ayojanAmAM rahelI viziSTa daSTi che. amArI bIjI muzkelI vahIvaTI taMtranI nIti tathA aTapaTI prakriyAne lagatI che. chApavAnA kAgaLa tathA ATapepara mudraNAlaya bleka bAIDiMga vagerenI pasaMdagImAM badhuM sarakArI taMtrane adhIna rahI karavAnuM heI prakAzaka tarIke amAre A sarvanI guNavattA aMge ghaNI vAra TIkAne pAtra thavuM paDe che. vaLI chApavAnA kAgaLa, mudraNanAM bhAvapatraka, nakazAonA prakAzananI maMjurI, bleka banAvarAvavAnI kAmagIrI, vecANa kiMmatanI AkAraNI vagerene lagatI vahIvaTI maMjUrI meLavatAM nahi dhArele vilaMba thayA kare che ane graMthamAlAnA graMthenA

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prakAzanamAM thatA vilaMba mATe sarakArane amane tathA vAcakane vasavaso rahyA kare che. rAjya sarakAranuM vahIvaTI taMtra vahIvaTI prakriyA saraLa kare te emane ghaNo vilaMba nivArI zakAya. vastutaH lekhana tathA prakAzanamAM thato vilaMba amArA hAtha bahAranAM paribaLone lIdhe thato hoya che, chatAM agAu jaNAvyA mujaba A graMthamAlAnI yojanAnI saphaLatAne yaza mukhyatve sarakArI anudAnane tathA vidvAnonA sahakArane phALe jAya che. A graMthanA saMpAdana-kAryamAM tathA vaMzAvaLIo taiyAra karavAmAM amane . pra. ci. parIkhane satata sakriya sahakAra sAMpaDyo che. praphavAcanamAM adhyApaka ke. kA. zAstrIe satata sakriya sAtha Ape che. saMdarbhasUci tathA zabdasaMci karavAmAM De. bhAratIbahena zelate ghaNI jahemata lIdhI che. amArA A sava sahakAryakaronI sevAnI ahIM sAbhAra noMdha laIe chIe. graMthanA aMte nakazA, Alekha tathA vAstukalA zilpakalA ane citrakalAnI namUnedAra kRtionA phoTogrApha ApavAmAM AvyA che, jethI ene lagatAM prakaraNanuM lakhANa samajavAmAM saraLatA rahe A citro mATenA pheTogrApha tathA bleka je saMsthAo tathA vyaktio taraphathI maLyA che te sahune anyatra NasvIkAra karyo che. vaLI e citronA prakAzananI paravAnagI ApavA mATe ame e sarva saMsthAo tathA vyaktionA saujanyanI ahIM kRtajJatApUrvaka noMdha laIe chIe. aneka tajajJa vidvAnonA samUha vaDe lakhAyela mughala kAlane lagate A graMtha gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanA abhyAsIone A graMthamAlAnA agAunA graMthanI jema upayogI nIvaDaze ane rAjya sarakAranA mAtabara anudAnane laIne ghaNI ochI kiMmate maLatA A daLadAra sacitra graMthane gujarAtanA itihAsamAM rasa dharAvatI sarva saMsthAo tathA vyaktio umaMgabhera kharIdIne A graMthamAlAne sakriya protsAhana Apaze evI AzA rAkhIe chIe. je. je. vidyAbhavana re che. mArga amadAvAda tA. 30-12-1978 rasikalAla che. parIkha hariprasAda ga. zAstrI - saMpAdaka

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anukamaNI prastAvanA anukramaNI nakazA ane mitronI sRSi gaNavIkAra nI 2 : khaMDa 1 mAstavika prakara1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1 phArasI-arabI tavArIkha che. vIcaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema.e. pIecaDI. adhyApaka, hai. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 2 phArasI-arabI abhilekha ane sikkA che. jhiyAudIna abaduha desAI, ema.e., DI.liTa. suparinTenDiMga epitrAphiTsa phera arebika enDa parziyana injhizansa, Arkipelejikala sarve opha inDiyA, nAgapura 2 hiMdu-ena sAhitya le, legIlAla jayayabhAI sAMDesarA, ema. epIeca.DI. - nivRtta niyAmaka, oriyenTala IriTaTayuTa, vaDodarA 4 saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhe 5 khatapatra ane pharamAne { purAvastukIya sAdhano le. hariprasAda gagAzaMkara zAstrI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyakSa, bhe. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda

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khaMDa 2 rAjakIya pratihAsa prakaraNa 2 mughala bAdazAhanA pUrva saM5rka mane * je gujarAtamAM mulAInI panI " se. zAkAta che. parIkha ema.e., pIeca.DI. itihAsanA rIDara, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa bAbara ane gujarAta mAyUnI gujarAta para caDAI ekabaranI gujarAta para pahelI caDAI bIjI caDAI ane hakUmatanI' daDha sthApanA prakaraNa 7 akabarathI auraMgajheba . ramezakAMta che. pazakha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 1. akabarane rAjya-amala 2 jahAMgIrano rAjya amala 3 zAhajahAMne rAjaya-amala ja auraMgajhabane rAjya-amala prakaraNa 4 mughala hakUmatanI paDatI ane eno aMta le. ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, ema.e. pIecaDI. zAhaAlama (1 )-bahAdurazAhane sajaya-amala jahAMdarazAhane rAjya-amala phakhasiyarane rAjya-amala raphI u6-darajAtano rAjyaamala raphI-ud-daulA uphe zAhajahAM 2 jAne rAjya-amala muhammadazAhane rAjyaamala ahamadazAhano rAjyaamala AlamagIra 3 jAne rAja amala 8e 112 113

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. prakaraNa 5 samakAlIna rAje che. kezavarAma kAzIrAma sArI, vidyAvAcaspati, mahAmahimopAdhyAya mAnArha adhayApaka, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda, ane mAnArha adhyakSa, gu. saM. maMDaLa, gujarAta zAkhA, amadAvAda 1 jADejA vaMza 117 9 khIcI cauhANa vaMza 14pa 2 jeThavA vaMza 126 10 solaMkI vaMza 147 3 jhAlA vaMza 127 11 dharamapuranA sisodiyA - 148 4 paramAra vaMza 132 12 pATaDInA kaNabI desAI 149 5 gRhila vaMza 135 13 bAbI vaMza 6 okhAmaMDaLane vADhera vaMza 138 14 mAMgaroLa (seraTha)nA kAjhI zekha154 7 jasadaNane khAcara-kAThI vaMza140 15 pAlaNapurane hatANa vaMza 8 IDarane rAThoDa vaMza - 16 khaMbhAtane navAbI vaMza 15 pariziSTa 1 gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhato le. sumanAbahena zazikAMta zAha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. itihAsanA adhyApaka, zeTha Ara. e. keleja oNpha ArTasa enDa kemarsa, amadAvAda 1 porTugIjha vasAhato 168 2 valaMdA (Daca) vasAhata aMgreja vasAhato 170 4 iMca vasAhato 174 5 osTriyana vasAhata pariziSTa 2 gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha ane prasAra 176 le. ramezakAMta e. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 175

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13 17 rAjyataMtra che. ramezakAMta ze. parIkha, ema.e. pIeca.DI. mughala rAjyanuM svarUpa 19ra prAMtamAM lazkarI saMgaThana 22 gujarAta sUbo ane enA peTAvibhAga 13 jamIna-mahesUlavyavasthA 203 prAMtanA adhikArIo 193 kAyado ane nyAya 207 sarakAranuM vahIvaTI taMtra TapAla. - 211 paragaNuM ane enA adhikArIo 198 dukALa-vIe ane anya vahIvaTI ekamo garIba mATe sahAya pariziSTa gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikkA ' ' le. ziyAuddIna amalI desAI, ema.e., DI.liTa. 1 amadAvAda prabhAsa pATaNa 234, 2. pATaNa 223. 8 jAmanagara , 2 mAlapura 224 9 jetapura 235 4 surata 225 10 bharUca 236 5 khaMbhAta 229 11 vaDodarA 237 6 jUnAgaDha 12 itara TaMkazALe 214 232 khaMDa 3. sAMskRtika ItihAsa prakaraNa 7 sAmAjika sthiti (1) hiMdu samAja le. bhogIlAla jayacaMdabhAI sAMDesarA, ema.e.pIeca.DI. (ra) muslima samAja che. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema.e, elaela.bI. adhyApaka, dharmendrasiMhajI Asa keleja, rAjakoTa

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je . prakaraNa 8 Arthika sthiti che. bhogIlAla jayamadabhAI sAMDesara, ema.e.,pIecaDI. pariziSTa suratanuM baMdara - le. hariprasAda gagANakAra zArI, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 278 prakaraNa 9 bhASA ane sAhitya 1 bhASA saMskRta 2 sAhitya (a) saMskRta-prAkRta ( uM. awhAla maya zAha, vyAkaraNatIrtha " nivRtta saMyukta pradhAna saMpAdaka, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI graMthamAlA, lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda 1 bhASA phArasI 2 sAhitya | (i) arabI, phArasI ane urdU le. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema.e. elaela.bI. 1 bhASA madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kiMvA gujara zAkhA 2 sAhitya (A) gujarAtI jUnI gujarAtInuM jaina sAhitya puravaNI (saMskRta) le. kezavarAma kA. zAstra vidyAvAcaspati, mahAmahimepA thAya 285 31e 286 304 316 334

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15 prakaraNa 10 lipi 1. nAgarI lipi 2 gujarAtI lipi le. pravINacaMdra cimanalAla parIkha, ema.e., pIeca DI. 3 arabI lipi ane enI sulekhanazailIe o. jiyAuddIna dulha desAI, ema.e., DI.liTa.. prakaraNa 11 dhamapradAyA 1 hiMdu-jaina (1) ke. lAgAvAya ca bhAI sAMDesarA, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 3 islAma (2) hai. zAMtilAla maNilAla mahetA, ema.e., elaela.mI. 3 jaracAtI dhama (3) te. cinubhAI jagannAtha nAyaka, ema.e., pIeca.DI. upAcAya ane bhAratIya saskRti vibhAganA vaDA, ha. kA. ArTsa kreoNleja, amadAvAda 336 339 348 361 377 385 khaMDa 4 purAvastu prakaraNa 12 sthaLatapAsa ane utkhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI le. ramaNulAla nAgarajI mahetA, ema.e., pIeca.DI. adhyakSa, DipArTImenTa oNpha Aki yAlAjI eNnDa ensTanTa hisTarI, phekalTI oNpha ArTsa, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI Apha baroDA, vaDAdarA 397

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399 jIre 422 443 prakaraNa 14 sthApatyakIya mAre 1 nAgarika sthApatya le. 5nubhAI nAnAlAla bhaTTa. ema.epIeca.DI. adhyApaka, skUla opha ArkiTekacara, amadAvAda puravaNI le. ravINacacimanalAla parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 2. devAlaya . hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara zAjI, ema.e, pIeca.DI. 3. islAmI sthApatya le. jhavIe cimanalAla parIkha, ema.e. pIeca.DI. prakaraNa 14 zilpakRtio che. kirITakumAra jeThAlAla dave, ema.e., elaela.bI. rajisTariMga erisara (akivaTIjha), purAtatva khata gujarAta rAjya. amadAvAda vartuLa vAsaNo 1. hiMdu-jaina pASANa-zilpa 2. hiMdu-jaina dhAtu-zipa 3. hiMdu-jena kASTha-zilpa 4. paththara ane kASThanuM jALIkAma 5. muslima rUpAMkane prakaraNa 15 citrakA le. cinubhAI jagannAtha nAyaka, ema.e., pIeca.DI. 1 laghucitro 2 bhitticitro pariziSTa yuropIya pravAsIoe karelI dho che. ramezakAMta ge. parIkha, ema.e., pIeca.DI. vaMzAvaLIo saMdarbha sUci zasUci 462 471 474 48 483 491 495 507 para3 545

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27 4 nakazA ane citro nakazA 1, mughalakAlIna gujarAta (rAjakIya) 2. purAtatva aMgenAM sthaLa citro 56 Ati vigata nAgarI lipi . 2 gujarAtI lipi 3 34 nAgarI svaracihno ane saMyukta vyaMjane 3 A gujarAtI svaracihno ane saMyukta vyaMjana arabI lipinI sulekhana zailIne namUne 5-6 arabI lipinI sulekhana zailIonA namUnA 19 lAla daravAje, surata 25 amadAvAdanI amRtavarSiNI vAvanuM talamAna -16 mughalakAlIna sikkA khAna sarovara, pATaNa (merI) mAMDavAnA kUvAne hena traNa daravAjA, khaMbhAta valaMdA kabaro, amadAvAda zAhIbAgamAMno mahela, amadAvAda (amadarzana) zAhIbAga mahela (pRSThadarzana) AjhamakhAnanI sarAI, amadAvAda zatruMjaya paranuM maMdiranagara zatruMjayanuM AdIzvara maMdira somanAthanuM khaMDera madira, prabhAsapATaNa dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira, dvArakA bahucarAjInuM maMdira, bahecarAjI zAmaLAjInA gadAdharamaMdiranuM taladarzana aba turAbane makabara, amadAvAda 19 33 zekha vajIhuddInane makabare, amadAvAda jamI masjida, siddhapura 17. 18

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35 - 43 28. 17 ati vigata saradArakhAnanI masjida, amadAvAda 22 36 zujAtakhAnanI marijada ane makabarAnuM talamAna 23 37 . nAnA eksano makabaro, amadAvAda - 38 baMgALI rIlInI be daragAhA, amadAvAda 39-40 gadAdhara maMdiranI be zilpa-paTTikAo, zAmaLAjI 25 41 dazabhuja gaNeza, nIlakaMTha mahAdeva, amadAvAda trivikama, gerala lakSmI, khaMbhAta 44 mahiSamardinI, khaMbhAta 45-47. lAlajI, veNugopAla ane rAdhAkRSNa, amadAvAda 48 sahastrapheNa pArzvanAtha, sAbalI mahAvIrasvAmI, amadAvAda vimalanAtha (paMcatIthI pratimA), amadAvAda cAmaradhArI puruSa (vaDedarA myujhiyama) dIpalamI ( ba ba ) cAmaradhAriNI strI ( , ) saurASTrane dAbaDe, nezanala myujhiyama, dilhI pATaNanA vADI pArzvanAtha maMdiranA kASThamaMDapanuM tAraNa 33 56 gaMdharva ane surasuMdarIe, amadAvAda AInA mahelanI jALI, bhUja 35 58 alIkhAna kAchanI masijadanI jALI, amadAvAda jahAMgIranA samayanuM vijJaptipatra paranuM citra naM. 1 37 para ' ' 36 varAha avatAra " paranuM citra naM. 2 traNasvIkAra bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, purAbhilekha zAkhA, nAgapura, AkRti 4thI 6 pheTogrApha De. je. pI. amIna, khaMbhAta AkRti 20 phoTogrApha ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDedarA AkRti 31 phoTogrApha vaDodarA myujhiyama, vaDodarA AkRti 51-53 phoTogrApha A graMthamAM prakAzita thayelAM citro paikI, bhArata sarakAranA tathA gujarAta rAjya sarakAranA purAtatva khAtAe potapotAnAM rakSita smArakAne tathA nedhelI zilpakRtione lagatAM citro prakAzita karavAnI maMjUrI ApI che te mATe ame te te khAtAnA saujanyanI kRtajJatApUrvaka dha laIe chIe.

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81.8.2. gu.pA. bhArAma. AANG Architectural Antiquities of North Gujarat ARADN Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of H.E.H. Nizam's Dominions BMC sakSepasUci ARIE Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy BBMPG Bulletin of the Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda bhArata rAjyamAMDala JGRS JNSI LMC EIAPS Epigraphia indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica * Catalogue of Indian Coins in the British Museum, London EIM HG History of Gujarat JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Journal of the Gujarat Research Society Journal of the Numismatic Society of India Catalogue of Coins in the Provincial Museum, Lucknow

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c MAA Muslim Architecture of Ahmedabad MBAC Catalogue of Coins of Mughal Emperors in the Department of Archaeology, Maharashtra State, Bombay MMA Muslim Monuments of Ahmedabad-through their Inscriptions MTWI Mandelslo's Travels in Western Jnsa NC Numismatic Chronicle NMC Catalogue of Coins in the Central Museum, , Nagpur NS Numismatic Supplement PMC Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Labore SYTAA. Some Years' Travels into Africa and Asia, the Great TPDV The Travels of Pietro Della Valle WCG Wood Carving of Gujarat

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mahattvanI zuddhio 25 azuddha abula phajhalanuM pharkhasiyara maMjapura visarAvI sUbedAra saphIkhAna maLe che. 26 8 ? ha ra - 2 - - 4 0 0 0 amuluM phalanuM karkhasiyara muMjapura vasarAvI dIvAna sAphIkhAna maLe che. phakhasiyara sUrie pasAgare kAvyamaya grAmanagaranA "Induta" mAnakule karatuM khalIlAbAda Indian LI zarUkhasayara sUrIe pAsuMdara kAyAzraya grAmanA nagaranA "IndradUta" Anakazo karatuM ane malIlAbAda India 15 18 2Y 17 8, 10, 13 A ki che ja ? ? ? - 8 - D (EIAPS) 1960-68 1954-65 39. ARIE, 1969-70 335 387 30 171 XIXhid (EIAPS,1965, 1967-68 1964-65 87 ARIE,1956-31 1959-60 3695 487 306 117 XIX. Plate XXI Hig che ?

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22 0 74 1819 2 78 85 4 - ba azuddha Baylay Bayley Trans. Ed. mAMmada madadamAM jasAjI jasejI 1600 1599 keTalA vela DelA vAle jitatura pragaTAvavAmAM lAkaDAM upADI javA ane .karAvyo hato apazabdo bolavA manA pharamAvI hatI. suratanA sUbA suratanA mutsaddI Vol. III Vol. I karAvI amala 1179 1719 1323 1723 prAgamala prAgamalajI sata sutaruM bhAI putra satrasAlanI ajojInA muhammakhaM muhammadakhAna bhANajIne bhANajIne haLajI haradhoLajI maherAmaNajI maherAmaNajI . rAjasiMhajI gajasiMhajI ajajI rAjajI bhagavaMtarAya bhagavaMtarAva pAlItANAnA gAriyAdhAra(pAlItANA)nA amara aju na- ene putra sAMgaNucha pachI sAMgaNa pachI ene putra saMgrAmajI ane enA pachI ene putra 12 - 123 124 128 : - ha ba Ta ka ha ra ba bha >> : 129 12 137 (rada karo.) 138 13

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22 22 bIjA putra paha8 pati a 141 22 1675 30 1685 145 146 putra gaMbhirasiMha kumAra 31 saMgarAmasiMha 148 18 3 je 31 1771 149 30 putra 15ra vyaMbakarAvA 155 26, 29, 30 mujhAhItakhAna 156 5, 6, 9 4 157 13 javAMmardakhAna urphe 162 23 putra zrI jasavaMtanuM zAsana Ama chatAM 163 26 TAMkI kaDhAnA adAjIe = = = k e = = 1657 1658 moTA pautra pautra gaMgadAsa pautra saMga rAmasiMha 2 je 1711 pautra yaMbakarAva mujAhidakhAna 9 pha = javAMmardakhAnanA putra kumArazrI jasavaMtana nideza che. (rada kare.) DhAMkI kaTanA . adeze 164 166 13 humAyunI a >> 8 0 8 humAyunI zAMsiskana karAI kAMsikana karI haze hAkinsa habaM* 169 17 10 4. 171 2 17ra 19,13 173 31 174 175 paristhiti . sAme "" ka da ra >> hokinsa kAyare e paristhitimAM nAme : oDiyana osTenDa abhayasiMhanA osTaDa esTeDa abhayasiMnA 182 184 12 21

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- 24 pas pati Aitchisop 20. pezakAra 191 195 212 215 1 azuddha Aitchision pezakara Roger muajajabha go , gAjI gAjI Rogers muajhUjhama - 25 nAco gAjhI gAjI 216 217 218 * 22 210 13 kaka, nijAra athavA nisAra ravAnI 220 11 nizAra khAnI jAnI BInA raphI udvalA jAgI 222 17 4, 7 bIdara raphI ud-daulA bedAra sika se pATaNanA tAMbAnA sikkA me pATaNanA s raphI urvalA sikA e 233 raphI ud-daulA sika e. muvArA zahe haaH 238 -239 AjameM 20. 7 243 245 246 249 AjumeM keTegamAM Memoires allAhA I, p. 45. enA levAnA gherAtakhAnane kare che. chabilarAma jagazrutimAM keTalegamAM Memoirs akAdo L, p. 49 evA levAtA gheratakhAnane kare che. 7 chabIlArAma janakRtimAM 17 bh 252 210

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para 261 " 11 267 1699 te e to 11 269 281 286 25 ra/ ae 167 temAM te evI sasaya anerU perI jevAM kIrtikillolinI pASaNa sakhyam rAmAyaNa bhaktAmara paLI AdhyAtmikatA soma bhAvanA'... zAMtakapaDuma 290 291 292 293 25 samaya ane rUperI jevAM) kIrtikAlinI pauSadha saukhyam rAmAyaNa bhaktAmara vaLI AMdhyAtmakapilAtA eLa bhAvanA'... zAMtikalpadruma 10. 14 295 298 1666 gujarAtI44 304 1 : gujarAtI mAM 28\ 307 312 ra4) babruvAhana babruvAhana 313 320 321 8 323 325 autihAsika kuzAyasAnAmA mahamadanagara takhallusa kasIda hamajha muhammadazAha bIjAnA lakhelI AlamananA... duniyata jakAta(kamANI)nI jinacaMdrasUri aitihAsika kuzayasanAmA ahamadanagara takhallusa kasadA horamajha muhammadazAhanA lakhelI AlamanA.. kuniyata jakAtanI jinadattasUri 326 * 330 - 332 21

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26 pRSTha rI 5Si 21-22nI vacce 22 - 47 juo saM. che. zAha, jaina sAhityakArI vRtihAsa', g. 181. 43mAM 335 11 kAvya 12 336 347 346 aMga sAme InI kha no uracAra paNa ghaDatara tarIke che. vagarane bismilA' nIzApurInI...najhIrInI 347 348 350 351 Ura ra7 , aMge sAthe InI Sane uracAra kha: ghaDataramAM tarIke vagerene bismillAha mahAna.najhIrI nIzApurInI upara tarapha pratibiMba paDe 34 Epigraphia b, c. XXVI C cuMvALamAM kavana 1300 mughalAInI A 359 tarapha paDe ' Epigrphia b, 9. XXVI e cuMvALamAM : kavana tema 1584 27. 364 18 mulAIthI 368 19 Abu, maMdira 34 7 maMdira34 369 370 379 382 383 384 ra7 21 samakAlIna ane sthaLe e bhanI IbAdatakhAnanI amadAvAda samakAlIna sthaLoe bhAnI ibAdatakhAnAnI amadAvAdamAM pitAne kajajAtanA potAnA kaja jAtane 59 393. 50. 35 Farmans... Gujarat jethI Mughal Farmans in Gujarat

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3 401 402 407 410 413 414 416 417 427 43 424 43ra 434 438 442 444 447 448 451 452 456 457 458 pati 26 26 1 10 ra 30 1 * * * 10 31 pa 8 23 17 19, 21 >> 25 hi 16 25 10 29 13 29 12 30 12 1 13 21,22 C addha musA bAhedharI khalillAbAda prAMtIja 15 pathiyAM ene zaherepanAha sArI...che sa 26 che. vikramAjita prasiddha cAracAra ...karelA smAraka phUTa amadAvAvAdamAM bhAriyA zAnA hatA. devakIjI ane jhIlatu karAvelI sakkarapurA e I. sa. e UMcu pIrAna sunnatakhAna 1690 paTela, A. S, Gadre..of 4 17 Temple..and 19 28 zagraha Kacchh musAe AMparI khalIlAbAda prAMtija 1*5 pagathiyAM emanA zaheranAha hamaNAM sudhI sArI hatI. esa che?Ta vikramati prasiddhi eka-eka... ...karelA smArakA phUTa amadAvAdamAM bhATiyA sare hatA (A. 28). devakIjInI, jhIlatA karAvelA yuddha makarapurA I. sa. UMcu pIzana pIranI zuAtakhAna 1699 paTela, uparyukta, Yazdani & Gyani..from Temples...near saMgraha Kachh

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28 pati 460 462 463 465 467 jeThelA 469 470 471 Muslim Muhammadan visaMganAo visaMgatatAo pAnakAra paNakAra mAvatA mArdava jADelA A A.bIjA A......bIjAM- bamara zrI vinayadevasUrijIe zrI vijayadevasUrijIe pratimA dhAtu pratimA vaDedarA myujhiyamamAM khaMbhAtanA ciMtAmaNi. pArzvanAtha maMdiramAM che (A. 12). che. rAkhelA che rAkhelA che (A. para) poLanA e tItha : caNutA cAtarI jara 73 474 poLanuM 478 meTA 481 482 Cultural BBMPC BCC Art BBMPG BCG che. 484 ECG mokalAyelA pitAnA WCG mokalAvelA pitAnA tema na narmana 488 491 501 prate aNe bAdabe embesa Churchil nAme sacitra prate eNe bAda be esa Churchill 502 55 506

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khaMDa 1 prAstAvika prakaraNa 1 sAdhana-sAmagrI 1. phArasI-arabI tavArIkha mughala samrATa akabare gujarAta jItyuM (I.sa. 1573) tyArathI lagabhaga 185 varSa sudhI gujarAta mughalonA tAbAmAM rahyuM. A gALA daramyAna teo pitAnA subedAro mAraphate gujarAtano vahIvaTa calAvatA rahyA. | mughala kAlamAM phArasI rAjabhASA hatI. rAjya taraphathI phArasI bhASA ane sAhityane utkarSa mATe khAsa uttejana apAtuM hatuM. mughala samrATe, sUbedAre ane amIra phArasI bhASAnA vidvAnonA AzrayadAtA hatA. AvA Azrita vidvAnamAM itihAsalekhakene sthAna maLyuM hatuM. uparAMta keTalAka svataMtra ItihAsa lekhaka paNa hatA, jemane mughale taraphathI prAtsAhana maLatuM. rahetuM. AthI A kAla daramyAna muslima ane hiMdu ItihAsa-lekhakoe meTI saMkhyAmAM ItihAsagraMtha lakhyA che. AmAMnA ghaNAkharA graMtha prastuta kAlanA gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa mATe varateoche aMze upayogI thAya che.' akabaranA samayamAM lakhAyela abutsalata "akabaranAmaha, abadukAdira badAUnI(mR. I.sa. 1596)-kRta "mukhabuta tavArIkha ane khAjA nijhAmudIna ahaMmada haravA-kRta "tabakAte akabarI mukhya che. ' akabaranAmahImAM ghaTanAonI vigata sAlavAra ApI che. emAM bAbara ane humAyuM vizenA vigatavAra ahevAlamAM gujarAta aMge vistRta mAhitI Ave che, che. I-6-1

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mughala kAle jhi, jyAre e pachInA bhAgamAM gujarAta aMgenI prasaMgopAtta mAhitI AvatI rahe che. lekhake AmAM gujarAta aMgenI keTalIka mAhitI gujarAtamAM rahI AvelA leka pAsethI ekatra karI hovAnuM jaNAya che. A graMthanI sAlavArI vizvasanIya che; jeke graMthamAM akabara pratye khuzAmatabharI bhASA prayAjI che ane keTaleka sthAne ayukti paNa karelI che. muntakhabuta tavArIkhano lekhaka mullAM abdulU kAdira badAUnI akabarano samakAlIna hatA. traNa bhAgamAM lakhAyelI enI A tavArIkhamAM gajhanavI vaMzathI mAMDIne I.sa. 1595-96 sudhIne ItihAsa che. abulaphakRlanA akabaranAmatamAM, akabaranI zeha ane khuzAmatane kAraNe je keTalIka hakIkato dabAI gaI tene A tavArIkhamAM prakAzamAM lAvavAne stutya prayatna thayo che. saMbhavataH A kAraNe A graMtha jahAMgIranA samayamAM jAheramAM mUkavAmAM Avyo hato. A graMthanA trIjA bhAgamAM gujarAta vize rasaprada mAhitI che. "tabakAte akabarI' hiMdanA saLaMga ItihAsamAM viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. A graMthamAM I.sa. 1594 sudhIne sUbAvAra ItihAsa apAyo che. emAM gujarAtane saLaMga ItihAsa paNa samAveza pAme che. tabakatano lekhaka nijhAmuddIna ahamada haravI I.sa. 1585 thI I.sa. 1589-90 daramyAna gujarAtanA sUbAne bakSI hatA. mughala kAlamAM bakSInI jagyAnuM ghaNuM mahatva hatuM. bakSIgIrIne laIne enAmAM banAvanI noMdha karavAnI paddhati ItihAsa-lekhakene zebhe tevI AvI hatI. eNe Apela mAhitI ghaNI jhINavaTabharI ane vizvasanIya che. lekhake graMthalekhanamAM kharI hakIkato rajU karavAmAM kALajI lIdhI che ane e mATe e rAgadveSathI para paNa rahyo che. "mirAte sikaMdarI' jevI tavArIkhamAM paNa upalabdha na hoya tevI keTalIka mAhitI eNe ApI che, jenI upekSA thaI zake ema nathI. prastuta kAlanA ItihAsamAM akabaranA samayanI keTalIka viziSTa mAhitI mATe A graMtha ghaNe upayogI che. mIra abU turAbavalI(mR. I.sa. 1594-95)e lakhela "tArIkhe gujarAtamAM I.sa. 1583 sudhIne gujarAtane itihAsa AlekhAyela che, jemAM chevaTanA bhAgamAM akabaranA samayanI gujarAtanI ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa upayogI thAya ema che. abubakkI nehAvadI-racita "maAsire rahImI" abdurrahIma khAne khAnAna(mR. I.sa. 16ra7)nuM jIvanavRttAMta dharAve che. I.sa. 166mAM lakhelA A graMthamAM lekhake enA AzrayadAtA abrahIma sAthe saMkaLAyelI badhI vigate

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1g] sAdhana-sAmagrI jhINavaTathI ApI che, akabare karelI gujarAta paranI caDAIomAM aburahIma hAjara hatA ane caDAImAM te e sipehasAlAra paNa hatA. vaLI e gujarAtamAM sUbedAra tarIke paNa rahyo hato. enI sUbedArInI ane eNe gujarAtanI bajAvelI uttama sevAonI noMdha "maAsire rahImI'mAMthI maLe che. | muhammada kAsima phiritAe ene graMtha "tArIkhe phiriztA' jahAMgIranA samayamAM I.sa. 1611 mAM pUro karyo hate. emAM I.sa. 1583 sudhIne gujarAtane saLaMga ItihAsa Apyo che, joke lekhake keTalIka prAsaMgika mAhitI cheka I.sa. 1611 sudhInI ApI che. jahAMgIranA samayanI mAhitI jahAMgIranI pitAnI AtmakathA "tujhuke jahAgIrImAM maLe che. emAM jahAMgIre pote lIdhelI gujarAtanI mulAkAta ane gujarAta aMgenA anubhavonuM rasaprada bayAna karyuM che, je sAMskRtika itihAsanI dRSTie ghaNuM upayogI che. muhammada hAdIe "tatimmae vAkeAte jahAMgIrI" lakhI hatI, jemAM eNe "turke jahAMgIrImAM varNavelA banAvo pachInA banAveluM nirUpaNa karyuM che. emAM gujarAtane lagatA chuTAchavAyA ullekha maLe che. vaLI che. mautamadakhAnanI "IkabAlanAma-e jahAMgIra" ane kAmagArakhAnanI "maAsIre jahAMgIrImAM paNa prasaMge pAtta gujarAtanA ullekho Ave che. "maAsIre jahAMgIrI' zAhajahAMnA AdezathI lakhAyelo jahAMgIranA samayane pUre ItihAsa che; joke emAM cheka I.sa. 1630-31 sudhInI keTalIka mAhitI maLe che. zAhajahAMnA samayano I.sa. 1654 sudhIno vigatavAra ItihAsa abdulUhamida lahArIe lakhelA "bAdazAhanAmaha"mAM maLe che. A graMthamAM I.sa. 130 mAM gujarAtamAM paDelA mahAdukALanuM varNana ane auraMgajhebanA gujarAtanI sUbAgIrI daramyAna banelA banAnuM varNana vizeSa agatyanAM che. zAhajahAMnA kAlanA itihAsa mATe muhammada salila kammue racela "amale sAleha' yA "zAhajahAMnAmaha ane e pustakane AdhAre sudhArIlAla nAmanA hiMdue lakhelI tehaphae zAhajahAnI" paNa upayogI che. emAM zAhajahAMnA janmathI mAMDIne mRtyu sudhInI tavArIkha ApI che, jemAM prasaMge pAtta gujarAtane lagatA mahatvanA ullekha Ave che. auraMgajhebanA samayanA gujarAta vizenI jANakArInuM mukhya sAdhana khAphI. khAnanuM pustaka "muntakhabulabAba che. khAphIkhAna auraMgajhebano samakAlIna hato.

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(jha, mughala kAla joke eNe pote jaNAvyA anusAra enuM pustaka hi. saM. 1030(I.sa. 1717)mAM lakhAyuM hatuM. khAphIkhAna mughalakAlIna bhAratanA itihAsa-lekhakamAM viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. cheka tImUranA vaMzathI zarU karIne eNe akabaranA samaya sudhIno ItihAsa anya tavArIkhene AdhAre Apyo che, jyAre pachIne itihAsa sAMbhaLelI, joyelI ane jAtatapAsa karelI vigato para AdhArita che. auraMgajhebanA samayanA bayAnamAM eNe gujarAta aMge khUba jhINI jhINI vigata ApI che, jevI ke murAdabakSe amadAvAdamAM sikkA paDAvyA ane pitAnA nAmane khuba paDhA, suratanA killAne ghero ghAlyo ane ene suraMga vaDe uDAvI dIdhe, vagere. auraMgajheba pachInA mughala kAla daramyAnane ItihAsa rAya biMdrAvane lakhelA 'lukhkhata tavArIkhe hiMdImAM maLe che. A pustakamAM I.sa. 1689 sudhI vRttAMta che. enA trIjA prakaraNamAM gujarAtane mughala sUbAone lagatA vRttAMta che. I. sa. 1995mAM lakhAyela sujAnarAya baTAlUvI-racita "khulAsatuta tavArIkhanA eka prakaraNamAM paNa gujarAtanA sUbAonA samayanI rAjakIya ghaTanAonuM vigatavAra ane pramANabhUta nirUpaNa maLe che. I.sa. 1708 mAM jagajIvanadAse lakhela mantakhabuta tavArIkha nAmanA hiMdanA itihAsamAM, I.sa. 171920mAM muhammada hAdI kAmavarakhAne lakhela gulazane muhammadazAhImAM. I.sa. 1735-36mAM muhammadaalIe lakhela burahAnulakutUhamAM, I.sa. 1737 sudhInA kanjamahajha mAM. I.sa. 1778 sudhInA kudatullAha sAdikInA "jAme jahAMnumAmAM, I.sa. 1792 mAM munazI hirame lakhelA " rAhAvalImAM harasukharAye I.sa. 1805 sudhI lakhela "majamala akhabAramAM ane sadAsukha dahelavInA I.sa. 1817 sudhInA banAvonI neMdha karatA ItihAsa "mantakhabuta tavArIkhamAM bhAratanA ItihAsanA vigatavAra varNanamAM gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA prakaraNane paNa samAveza thayo che, jemAMthI rAjakIya ItihAsane lagatI mAhitI vizeSa maLe che. alI muhammadakhAna-kata "mirAte ahamadI' marAThA kAlamAM I.sa. 1761mAM lakhAyela AdhArabhUta itihAsa che. tavArIkha-lekhaka pate chelle bAdazAhI dIvAna hato. heddAnI rUe rAjyanAM daphatara ene hastaka hatAM. eNe jhINavaTapUrvaka nirIkSaNa karIne pitAnI ne taiyAra karI traNa bhAgamAM A pustaka lakhyuM hatuM. enA pahelA be bhAgamAM gujarAta mughala sAmrAjyane bhAga banyuM tyArathI mAMDIne pANIpatanA trIjA yuddha (I.sa. 1761) sudhIne vigatapUrNa ItihAsa che. baMne bhAgomAM mughala sUbAo aMge jhINavaTabharI mAhitI che. emAM sUbAo para AvatAM hukamo pharamAno paravAnA vagereno samAveza thaye che te advitIya che.

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1lu]. sAdhanasAmagrI trIjo bhAga khAtimaha' eTale ke "puravaNI che. A pusjakamAM mughala kAlanA rAjakIya itihAsa uparAMta vahIvaTI taMtra Arthika sthiti ane sAmAjika sthiti hiMdu rItarivAjo ane dhArmika sthAne vagere vize paNa yathArtha varNana thayuM che. dharmanirapekSa rahIne A pramANabhUta itihAsa lakhavA mATe alI muhammadakhAna muslima ItihAsa lekhakemAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. I.sa. 1768mAM muhammada kAsima bina abdura rahemAne lakhela "saphInasAdAta' gujarAtanA nAmAMkita saMtapuruSonAM caritranuM nirUpaNa kare che. jUnAgaDhanA dIvAna raNachoDajI amarajIe lakhela "tArIkhe soraTha va hAlAranAM I.sa. 1839 sudhIne seraTha (hAlane jUnAgaDha jillo) ane hAlAra (hAlane jAmanagara jille) no vRttAMta che. mullAM phIrojha bina kAuse lakhela 'rjanAmaha" nAmanA traNa bhAga dharAvatA mahAkAvyamAM piTugIjhoe hiMdane jaLamArga zeDyo tyArathI mAMDIne I.sa. 1833 sudhIne vRttAMta che. emAM phiraMgIo valaMdA phrenca ane aMgrejonI bhAratamAMnI pravRttionA varNanamAM prasaMgopAtta gujarAtane lagatI upayogI mAhitI paNa maLe che. amadAvAdanA sArAbhAI nAgare I.sa. 1847nA arasAmAM lakhela "mukhtasara tArIkhe gujarAta" paNa A kAlanA mughala sUbAone lagate TUMke ahevAla che. emAM sUbAo ane marAThAo saradAra vaccenA saMgharSanI vigato meMdhapAtra che. "dahU lU amala" eTale ke vahIvaTI daphatara paNa mughala kAlanA vahIvaTI taMtrane khyAla meLavavA mATenuM anivArya sAdhana gaNAya che. mughalo dastUru-amala rAkhavA para khAsa dhyAna rAkhatA hatA. emAM sUbAo, emanA vahIvaTI vibhAge rAjyamAM AvatAM zahero ane teonI vaccenuM aMtara, rAjyamAM thatAM Avakakharca, adhikArIonA hoddAonAM nAma, emanI pharajo, emanAM kAryonI vaheMcaNI, emaNe darabAramAM mokalavAnA ahevAlo aMgenA niyama, tolamApa, sikkAo vagerene lagatI jhINI jhINI vigato TUMkamAM ApelI hoya che. abulaphalanuM AIne akabarI' A prakAranuM pustaka che. emAMthI akabaranA samayanA anya sUbAonI sAthosAtha gujarAtanA sUbAno vistAra, enA vahIvaTI vibhAga, enA kAyadA-jhanuna, Avaka-jAvaka, khetapedAza, hunnara-udyoga vagerenI noMdha che. ToDaramale lakhela dastU rulaamalamAM e kAlanI mahesUla-paddhati aMge navI vyavasthA goThavavAne lagatI mAhitI maLe che. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM (I.sa. 1647 mAM)

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zughala kAla muhamada latIpha bina muhammada alI bina muhammadazAha bharUcIe lakhela miraAtuhiMdImAM gujarAtanAM paragaNAM, teone vahIvaTa ane teonI UpajanI nedha uparAMta vahAvaTane lagatI vigate che. auraMgajhebanA samayamAM (I.sa. 1978mAM) jagatarAye lakhela "pharahage kAradAnImAMthI ane ThAkora munazInA I.sa. 1748 sudhInI vigato noMdhatA 'dastU amale akabarI'mAMthI paNa keTalIka prasaMgopAtta mAhitI sAMpaDe che. marAThAkAlamAM lakhAyela "khAtima e mirAte ahamadI' eTale ke "mirAte ehamadInI puravaNI mughalakAlanAM tamAma dastU amala karatAM paNa vadhu pramANa bhUta manAya che. emAM mAtra gujarAta aMgenI bhaugolika vahIvaTI Arthika sAmAjika ane dhArmika bAbate aMge vigatavAra neMdha thayelI che. abulapharulanA AIne akabarI' ane TeDaramalanA "dahU luamalamAM AvatI gujarAtanA vahIvaTI vibhAgenI punaracanA ane mahesUla aMgenI vigatene cakAsIne hakIkata meLavavA mATe A pustaka ghaNuM upayegI puravAra thayuM che. 2. phArasI-arabI abhilekhe ane sikkA abhilekhe gujarAtanA mughala samayanA lagabhaga 200 zilAlekha prApta thayA che. A saMkhyA Ama te nAnI kahevAya ane enuM kAraNa A zilAlekhenI zodha jevI thavI joIe tevI thaI na hovAnuM lekhI zakAya. AmAM bAdazAhanA nAmanirdezavALA akabaranA sAta, jahAMgIranA traNa, zAhajahAMnA 16, auraMgajhebanA 13, zAhaAlama 1lAnA be, pharkhasiyaranA pAMca, muhammadazAhanA traNa ane ahamadazAhanA eka lekhano samAveza thAya che. A lekhamAM meTe bhAge masjida baMdhAvavAnA, mRtyu tArIkha ApavAnI ane vAva-kUvA vagere baMdhAvavAnA ullekha che. kaI kaI lekhe rAjyAdeza, atihAsika banAva, udyAna masA killA hamAma(snAnaghara), pANIne avADo, Aro vagere vize paNa che. | mughalakAlanAM likhita sAdhana vipula hevA chatAM A lekhenuM AgavuM mahatva che. gujarAtanA itihAsa mATe kAMI ne kAMI mAhitI emAMthI maLI rahe che. vizeSa karIne gujarAtanA judA judA bhAgone sthAnika itihAsa mATe A lekhamAMthI ThIka ThIka sAmagrI meLavI zakAya che, je gujarAtanA mughalakAlIna itihAsanA pramukha ane amUlya sAdhana evA "mirAte ahamadI' pustakamAM paNa aprApya hoI enuM mUlya ghaNuM che. akabaranA samayanA pATaNa (u.gu.) navasArI pAse amalapura 3

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10] sAdhana sAmagrI siddhapura khaMbhAta, jahAMgIranA samayanA mAMgaroLa, zAhajahAMnA samayanA surata, DabheI8, mAMgaroLa, temaja banAsakAMThA jillAnA maMjapura,* oraMgajheba ke enA anugAmIonA samayanA mahesANA 11 moDAsA peTalAda pATaNa* kutiyANu5 godharA vagere adhikArIo aphasa ke jAgIra dAro vagerenAM nAme ane emanA cokkasa kArya-samayanI mAhitInuM ekamAtra sAdhana A lekha che. jahAMgIranA samayamAM surata jillAnA mAMgaroLa tAlukAnA hAla lagabhaga nAnA gAma jevA visarAvI gAmamAM zAhajahAMnI jAgIra hatI e paNa tyAMthI maLI Avela eka zilAlekha parathI jANavA maLe che. amuka aitihAsika ke ardhaaitihAsika banAvo vize paNa bIje nA maLatI mAhitI amuka lekhamAMthI maLe che. akabaranA samayamAM banAsakAMThAnA tharAdanA hi.sa. 1011(I.sa. 1602)nA eka mRtyulekhamAM e varSanA DisembaranI 15mI tArIkhe thayelI eka laDAIne ullekha che, jemAM amIrakhAna nAme eka (sthAnika) adhikArI-jenuM nAma suddhAM paNa e lekha sivAya jANavA maLatI nahi--marAyo hato evo ullekha che. 18 mAMgaroLanA hi.sa. 11ra(I.sa. 1749)nA lekha parathI tyAM marAThAonA 12 varSanA varcasa pachI pharIthI muslima rAjya sthApavAnI hakIkata paNa eka lekha parathI maLe che. 19 ItihAsamAM noMdhAyelA prasaMge-hi. sa. 1032 (I.sa. 1923) mAM jahAMgIranA gujarAtanA sUbedAra saphIkhAna ane baMDakhora zAhajahAMnA mANase vacce thayelI be laDAIo athavA uttara gujarAtamAM dUdA kALInA upadrava ane gujarAtanA mughala sUbedAra mahebatakhAnanI caDAI21 vagere vize paNa mAhitI A lekha parathI maLe che. e ja pramANe navAnagara rAjya para mughala varcasa sthapAyAno khare varNakAla nizcita karavAmAM jAmanagarane eka lekha upayogI nIvaDavyo che. A zilAlekhamAM rAjakarmacArIo-dIvAna banzI nAjhira dAraga phejadAra keTa)vAla(La) sUbedAra vagere hoddAonAM nAma maLe che, jemAMnA moTA bhAganA satanata kAlatanA hoddAothI judA hatA. artha e thayo ke mughala kAlamAM bhAratavarSanA bIjA prAMtonI A mughala rAjyapraNAlI gujarAtamAM paNa apanAvavAmAM AvI hatI. Ama te mughala kAlane lagatAM aneka zAhI pharamAne ane rAjyAdezano mirAte ahamadI'nA kartAe utAro AMco che, paNa A lekhamAMnA amukamAM ApelA rAyAdeze navA heI aitihAsika agatyanI che. DabhoI paragaNAnA zAhajahAMnA samayanA jAgIradAre prajA ane kheDUtonI judI judI takalIpha dUra kasthAnAM pagalAM

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mughala kAla darzAvate Adeza DaInA hi. sa. 1054(I.sa. 1644)nA lekhamAM mejUda che. bIje Avo Adeza, jenA parathI rAjyAdhikArIo taraphathI vepArIone kevI kanaDagata thatI enI saheja khyAla AvI zake che te soraThanAM mAMgarALa prabhAsa ane jUnAgaDha zaheramAM zilAlekhanA rUpamAM jAhera sthAne mUkavAmAM AvyuM hata.23 A lekha pramANe vepArIone rAjyAdhikArIo-phejadAra vagerenA bhAgonI Upaja UdhaDa levAnI pharaja pADavAmAM AvatI, jethI emane nukasAna jatuM ne AthI e prathAne dUra karavAne soraThanA phejadAra zahavadakhAne hi. sa. 1097(I.sa. 1686)mAM Adeza Apyo hato. A lekhe parathI ema paNa jANavA maLe che ke mughala kAlamAM paNa rAjyanA judA judA ke amuka bhAgamAM zilAlekha para ketarAvelA rAjyAdeza mUkavAnI prathA hatI. rAjakIya ItihAsa uparAMta bIjI mAhitI A lekhamAMthI maLe che, je bIje sthaLe maLatI nathI. eka lekhamAM khaMbhAtamAM hi. sa. 1037(I.sa. 1627-28)mAM ke e pahelAM thayelA eka kema vikhavAdane ullekha che. 24 pATaNa (u. gu.) ane sarakhejanA mahAna saMtane rajAonA emaja emanA vakanI dekharekha mATe TrasTIo paNa (dekhAtI rIte rAjya taraphathI) nimAvA aMgenI mAhitI paNa lekhamAMthI maLe che.' mughalakAlanI zikSaNasaMsthAo vize nirdeza karatA atyAra sudhImAM cAreka lekha malyA che, temAM cAra madrasAo-e amadAvAda25 ane-eka pATaNa (u.gu.) ane surata 27 khAte zAhajahAM ane auraMgajhebanA samayamAM baMdhAI hovAno ullekha che. musAphare vepArIo temaja yAtrALuo mATe rahevAnA prabaMdhanI javAbadArI rAjyAdhikArI para hatI evuM sarAInuM bAMdhakAma darzAvatA surata mAMgaroLa amadAvAda vagere sthaLoe maLI AvelA lekho parathI samajAya che. AvI sarAInI AMtarika vyavasthA kevI hatI tathA emAM kevA prakAranI sagavaDa apAtI hatI ane suratanI mughalasarAImAMnA (hAla muMbaInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamamAM saMgrahAyelA) zAhajahAMnA samayanA lekha parathI sArI peThe khyAla Ave che. A sarAI mATe eka rasaprada vAta e che ke emAM sainikane UtaravAnI manAI karavAmAM AvI hatI. bhASAnI dRSTie paNa be traNa dvibhASI ke tribhASI lekha ullekhanIya che. siddhapurane hi. sa. 1056 (I.sa. 1646-47)no 28 ane peTalAdanA hi. sa. 1111 (I.sa. 169 - 700)ne lekha gujarAtI bhASAnA namUnA pUrA pADe che.

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! *] sAdhana-sAmagrI nAmanA vaDanagaranA hi.sa. 1042 (I.sa. 1633)nA lekhamAM jagajIvanadAsa kavie raceluM hiMdI kavita arakhI ane devanAgarI lipimA ApavAmAM Avela che. phArasI bhASA ane sAhityamAM gujarAtanA phrALA vize A lekhAmAM ThIka ThIka sAmagrI maLe che. khAsa karIne padyamAM lakhAyelA lekhA parathI yAhyA, phrAIjha, jalAla, muhammada bina haidara narAkI, hAdI, majjUrI, nazA vagere kavienAM nAma maLe che. peTalAdanA padya-lekhaneA racanAra rudrajI nAmanA eka nAgara gRhastha hatA.3 3. [e uparAMta lekhAmAMthI keTalIka anya mAhitI paNa maLe che; jemake siddhapuranA uparyukta hi. sa. 1056 (I.sa. 1646-47)nA lekha parathI e samaye AjanA mArkeTiMga yArDa jevI khetInI UpajanA vecANu mATe rAjya taraphthI vyavasthA hatI. vaLI dhArmika sthAneA masjida ane rAjAe uparAMta kUvA vAva udyAna, killAe ke zaheranA kATanI rAMgeA, kacerIo, pANInA ArA, avADA vagerene lagatA lekhA parathI bAMdhakAmanI pravRttinA khyAla AvI zake. zilpasthApatyanA abhyAsa vize paNa A lekha mAratAne samaya nizcita karavAmAM agatyanA che. khAsa karIne amadAvAdanA saradArakhAnanA rAjA ane masjida temaja jUnAgaDhamAM saradAra bAganI masjida vagerenAM viziSTa sthApatya-zailInA abhyAsa mATe tenA nizcita samaya ApatA tyAMnA lekha upayegI che. e pramANe amuka imAratA mahattvanI vyaktie vize khUba agatyanI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. dA. ta., khaMbhAtanI navAkhInA sthApaka meAminakhAnanI kabara amadAvAda khAte zilAlekha maLI AvyA na hota te| anAta hAta.31 kAkaNanA sIdIe gujarAtamAM rAdhanapura rAjyamAM neAkarI para hatA e paNa amuka zilAlekhA parathI jaNAya che. IrAnanA nAdirazAhanA prautrA gujarAtamAM AvI vasyA heAya ke gujarAtamAM emanI kAmagIrI daramyAna mRtyu pAmyA hAya ema amadAvAdamAM AvelI emanI arAnA lekhA parathI jaNAya che.32 A uparAMta gujarAtamAM mughala kAla daramyAna prayeAjAtA savatA, zaheza ke gAmeAnAM pADavAmAM AvelAM navAM nAma vagere vize paNa lekhAmAMthI jANavA maLe che. klAnI dRSTie paNa AlekhAmAM sulekhana-klAnA uttama namUnAo maLI Ave che. khIjuM A lekhAmAM gheADA sulekhanakArAnAM nAma paNa sacavAyAM che, je sAdhanasAmagrInI dRSTie mahattvanAM che.

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10] muha kAla sikkA sAdhAraNa rIte mughala samrATonA gujarAtanA sikkA paNa vajana AkAra kimata bhAgo vagere bAbatemAM bhAratanA bIjA bhAgonA emanA sikkAo jevA che. gujarAtanA emanA sikkAonI keI AgavI vizeSatA nathI. | gujarAtasthita mughala TaMkazALe je zaheramAM hatI teonAM nAma A pramANe che : amadAvAda pATaNa (u. gu.) mAlapura surata junAgaDha khaMbhAta padanadeva(prabhAsapATaNa) IslAmanagara (jAmanagara) jetapura ane bharUca.33 AmAM pATaNa ane mAlapuranA mAtra akabaranA sikkA ja maLe che jyAre paTTanadevanA mAtra zAhajahAMnA, IslAmanagaranA mAtra auraMgajhebanA, jetapuranA mAtra ahamadazAhanA ane bharUcanA mAtra AlamagIra 2 jAna maLe che. gujarAtanA mughala sikkAomAM saltanatakAlIna sikkAo karatAM pramANamAM vadhu mAhitI maLe che. bAdazAhanuM pUruM nAma, TaMkazALanuM nAma ane sikko paDyAnuM varSa hijarI sana ane rAjyavarSa ke IlAhI varSa (zAhajahAMnA samaya sudhI ja IlAhI varSa maLe che.) - e amuka rIte ApavAmAM Avela hoya che. akabara, jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAMnA sikkAo para ghaNI vakhata eka varSamAM je judA judA mahinAomAM sikko pADavAmAM AvyA hoya te mahinAnuM nAma paNa darzAvavAmAM AveluM hoya che. mughala sikkAonA lakhANamAM zAhajahAMnA samaya sudhI kalamAne pravega thato, paNa auraMgajhebanA samayathI e baMdha karavAmAM Avyo, A sikkAonA aitihAsika mahatva vize vadhu kahevAnuM rahetuM nathI. e samayanA gujarAtanI Arthika (vepAra ane nANAkIya) temaja rAjakIya sthitine teonA parathI AbhAsa AvI zake che. taduparAMta e itihAsanAM pustakamAM maLatI mAhitInA pUraka ke anumodaka paNa banI rahe che. keI vakhata te pustakamAM na maLatI hoya tevI mAhitI paNa tenA dvArA maLI Ave che. IrAnanA rAjavI nAdirazAhanA nAmanA sikkA mughala samrATa muhammadazAnA samayamAM bhAratanI saMsthALomAMthI bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA hatA e vize anumaMdana amadAvAdamAM enA maLI AvelA sikkAo parathI maLe che. gujarAtamAM mughala sattAnA asta pachI paNa mughala samrATanuM nAmanuM paNa sArvabhaumatva svIkAravAmAM AvyuM hatuM e bedArabakha ane muhammada akabara 2 jAnA sikkAo parathI puravAra thAya che. A sikkAonI saMkhyA parathI TaMkazALavALAM zaheranI agatya temaja jAherajalAlIne temaja teonI zAM kANesara agatya hatI ene kAMI khyAla

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sAdhana-sAmagrI AvI zake. akabara ane jahAMgIranA samayamAM amadAvAdanI TaMkazALa vadhu kArya zIla hatI. suratanI TaMkazALamAM ghaNA ochA sikkA bahAra pADayA hatA, paNa zAhajahAMnA samayathI suratanI TaMkazALa sauthI vadhu kAryazIla banI ane auraMgajhebanA samaya pachI amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM bahu ochA sikkA bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA hoya ema lAge che, jyAre suratanA sikkA lagabhaga TheTha sudhI maLI Ave che bedArabakhta ane muhammada akabara 2 jAnA sikkA Ama apavAda rUpa che. jUnAgaDha ane khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAM zAhajahAMnA samayathI sikkA niyamita rIte paDyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. pharUkhasiyAranA samayamAM pachI jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALa baMdha karavAmAM AvI hoya ema lAge che, jayAre khaMbhAtanA sikkA lagabhaga 18mI sadInA aMta sudhI maLI Ave che. A parathI jaNAya che ke surata ane khaMbhAta jevA baMdara zAhajahAMnA samayathI vadhu vikasyAM hovAthI tyAM nANAkIya pravRttio vadhu pramANamAM thavA lAgI hatI. 3. hiMdu-jaina sAhitya prastuta kAlakhaMDanI aitihAsika ghaTanAone eka athavA bIjI rIte varNavatAM ke prastuta karatAM hiMdu-jaina sAhityika sAdhanamAM jaina kRtionI bahulatA che; jainetara lekhake e raceluM aitihAsika sAhitya tulanAe apa che. evI sAhityakRtiomAMthI paNa tatkAlIna saMskRti ane abhyAsa mATenI sAmagrI svAbhAvika rIte ja maLe che e eka judI vAta che. ItihAsanAM sAdhana anekavidha hoya che, emAM sauthI mahatvanuM ane vyApaka sAdhana sAhitya che. sAhitya koI samaya-kAlamAM racAyeluM hoya che. AthI sAhitya prAyaH e samaya upara prakAza paDe che ane e samaya ke kAlano abhyAsa sAhityane samajavAmAM upakAraka thAya che. viziSTa arthamAM aitihAsika sAdhano lekhAya nahi evI sAhityakRttio paNa tatkAlIna jIvanane samajavAmAM agatyanI che; joke A graMthamAlAnA AyojananI maryAdAmAM rahI ahIM mukhyatve ItihAsa pradhAna sAhityanI ApaNe vAta karIzuM. A kAlakhaMDanA jaina-kuta etihAsika sAhityamAM AcArya hIravijayasUrinA jIvana vize lakhAyelI kRtio noMdhapAtra che. mukhyatve e kRtione AdhAra laI arvAcIna kALamAM munizrI vidyAvijayajIe "sUrIzvara ane samrATa' e zIrSakanA graMtha gujarAtI ane hiMdImAM racyA che. prastuta aitihAsika kRtio saMskRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAM che. enA kendramAM hIravijayasUri jevA

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12] mughala kAla ki. prabhAvazALI AcArya che, paNa pazcima ane uttara bhAratamAM emanA ane emanA ziSyamaMDaLanA sudIrdha vihAra, samAjanA sAmAjika-dhArmika jIvana paratve emanI pravRttione vyApa, akabara pAdazAha sameta tatkAlIna rAjazAsake sAthe emane saMparka tathA e paikI keTalAka upara emane UMDe prabhAva, gujarAtanI vidyApravRttine jIvaMta ane sateja rAkhavAmAM emanuM kuzaLa Ayojana, gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA pradhAnataH vepArI vargamAM sAmAjika AtmavizvAsanI bhAvanA vikasAvavAmAM emanuM kava-A badhAM kAraNe ne lIdhe emanA jIvanane kendramAM rAkhIne racAyelI sarvakRtio gujarAtanA sAmAjika-dhArmika jIvananA abhyAsamAM bahu agatyanI che. AvI kRtiomAM sarvaprathama sthAna devavimalagaNikata "hIrasaubhAgya kAvyanuM che. 34 e uparanI TIkA paNa devavimalagaNie pite ja racelI che. A racanAnuM nAma semasuMdarasUrinA jIvana vize agAu pratiSThAme racelA "samasaubhAgya kAvyanI yAda (I.sa. 1498) Ape che, jene ulekha A graMthamAlAnA pAMcamA graMthanA prathama prakaraNamAM "hiMdu-jaina sAhitya" e zIrSaka nIce karela che. semasaubhAgya kAvya' dasa sargonuM che, jyAre hIrasaubhAgya kAvya 17 sargonuM che ane saTIka che, vaLI saMskRta sAhityazAstranA niyamone bane tyAM sudhI anusarI racAyeluM mahAkAvya hevA sAthe aitihAsika prasaMge ane vigatethI bharapUra che. enI atisaMkSipta rUparekhA ahIM joIe. emAM zarUAtamAM hIravijayasUrinAM janma, dIkSA, AcAryapada-prApti, samrATa akabarane AmaMtraNathI gaMdhAra baMdarathI phattehapura sikarI sudhInI padayAtrA karI samrATane jaI maLavuM, vagere vigate ApI che. tyAra pachI phohapura sikarIne vRttAMta che tyAM saMghajanee vAgategAjate emanuM svAgata karyuM. tyAM jagamAla kachavAha (jayapuranA rAjA bihArImalanA nAnA bhAI)nA mahelamAM emaNe vAsa karyo. "AIne akabarI'nAM kartA zekha abula phajhala sUrine pitAne ghera laI gayA ane tyAM anekavidha zAstracarcA thaI. akabare darabAra bharI, gaMdhArathI sikarI sudhI page cAlIne AvanAra guru pAse jainadharma ane enA AcAre vize mAhitI meLavI. akabaranA putra zekhajI (salIma jahAMgIra) pAse pAsuMdara nAme jaina sAdhue Apele hastalikhita pustakone bhaMDAra hatuM te eNe hIravijayasUrine Ape. sarie e pustake surakSita rAkhavA mATe AgrAmAM jJAnabhaMDAra sthApyo ane e cemAsuM (saM. 1939-I.sa. 1563) AgrAmAM gALyuM. akabare emane azva, hAthI vagerenI bheTa levA vinaMti karI, paNa aparigrahI sAdhu tarIke evI bheTa

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[13 1 lu) thAdhana-sAmI pitAne asvIkArya heI emaNe paryuSaNanA ATha dina hiMsA na thAya ema karavA pAdazAhane jaNAvyuM. pAdazAhe pitAnA puNyArthe emAM cAra divasa umerI 12 divasa samasta sAmrAjyamAM "amAri pravartAvanArAM cha pharamAna kADhayAM, ane e prasaMge hIravijayasUrine "jagadgurunuM biruda ApyuM. aneka dharmakArya karatAM karatAM mathurA ane gopagiri-gvAliyaranI yAtrA karyA pachI sarIe gujarAta tarapha prayANa karyuM ane zAMticaMdra upAdhyAyane pAdazAha pAse rAkhyA. zAMticaMdra upAdhyAya, jeo akbara pAse rahIne enI prazastirUpe raceluM "kRpArasakeza" nAme kAvya pAdazAhane saMbhaLAvatA hatA, temane hIravijyasUrinA darzananI IcchA thatAM potAnI jagyAe bhAnucaMdragaNine pAdazAha pAse mUkIne teo pATaNa AvyA. pAdazAhe e samaye sUrine bheTa ApavA mATe gujarAtamAMthI jajiyAvere kADhI nAkhatuM pharamAna ApyuM ane amAri' mATe agAu paryuSaNanA 12 divasa jAhera karyA hatA temAM bIjA ghaNA divasa umeryA. bhAnucaMdragaNi akabara pAdazAhanI sAthe kAzamIra gayA tyAM emaNe pAdazAhane samajAvatAM zatrujya tIrthanI yAtrALuone karamukta karatuM pharamAna pAdazAhe hIravijayasUrine melyuM. hIravijyasUri ane vijayasenasUrie AthI prasanna thaI, vAsakSepa mekalI lAheramAM bhAnucaMdraguNine upAdhyAyapada apAvyuM. A pachI akabarane vijayasenasUrinAM darzananI IcchA thatAM hIravijyasUrie emane lAhera mekalyA. saM. 1650 (I.sa. 1594)nI caitrI pUrNimAe hIravijayasUrie zatruMjayanI meTI yAtrA karI ane vizALa jinamaMdiranI pratiSThA karI. e pachI UnAmAM cAtumaMsa karyA. makake haja karIne pAchA pharelA gujarAtanA sUbA AjamakhAne UnA AvI sUri pAse hajAra maheranI bheTa dharI, paNa sUrie eno asvIkAra karyo. vaLI tyAM jAmanagaranA jAmasAheba sAthenA temanA kArabhArI abajI bhaNasALIe mUrinI aMgapUjA aDhAraso sonAmahorathI karI. UnAnA khAna mahamadakhAna pAse sUrie hiMsA choDAvI. saM. 16pa2(I.sa. 1586)nA vaizAkha mAsamAM emaNe maMdiranI pratiSThA karAvI. e ja varSanA bhAdaravA suda agiyArasa ne guruvAre hIravijayasUrie svargavAsa karyo. "hIrasaubhAgya kAvyanA chattivRttanA phlevaranI A atizaya AchI rUparekhA mAtra che, paNa gujarAtanA samakAlIna dhArmika-sAmAjika ItihAsanA eka atimahatvanA khaMDa mATe enuM kevuM viziSTa mahattva che e enA uparathI turata samajAya evuM che. mULa kAvyamAM tathA enA uparanI svapajJa TIkAmAM evI keTalIye viprakIrNa ane kutUhala janaka mAhitI maLe che, je gujarAtanA sAMskRtika ItihAsa mATe ghaNI agatyanI che. 35

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14] yudhala jAva hIravijayasUri vizenA chatAM, upara kahyuM tema aitihAsika daSTie agatyanA anya mukhya sAhityane TUMke nirdeza ahIM karIe. khaMbhAtanA zrAvaka kavi RSabhadAse "hIrasaubhAgya kAvyane AdhAre racele "hIrasUrirAsa (saM. 1685-I.sa. 16ra9) saMta mahAkAvyanA itivRttine lebhegya banAvavA mATe racAya che e spaSTa che. 34 hIravijayasUrinI ziSya paraMparAmAM thayelA vivekaharSa upAdhyAye sUrinA nirvANanA varSamAM ja vIjApuramAM racele "hIravijayasUrino rAsa" tathA "hIravijaya suri nirvANa svAdhyAya taddana samakAlIna gujarAtI kRtio tarIke noMdha mAgI le che.37 gajarAja paMDitakRta 'hIravijyasUri bAramAsanI racanA paNa e varSamAM thaI che 38 kuMaravijayane "hIravijyasUrizalake" ane hIravijayapuyakhANa pachI turata racAyelAM jaNAya che.39 zvetAMbara jainonA gaccha vacceno matavirodha aTakAvavA mATe, "bAra bala' nAmathI hIravijayasUrie jAhera karela 12 AzAo vizene "hIravijayasUrinA bAlane rAsa RSabhadAse saM. 1684(I.sa. 1928). mAM racyo che.* akabara bAdazAhane maLI hIravijayasUri gujarAtamAM pAchA AvatA hovAnA samAcAra jANI muni padmasuMdare 233 zlokanuM saMskRta 'jagAruM kAvya saM. 1646 (I.sa. 1590)mAM mAMgaroLamAM racIne sUrine arpaNa karyuM hatuM. akabaranI amAri ghoSaNuM ane dayAvRttinI alaMkRta prazasti gAtuM kAvya zAMticaMdakRta kRpArasakeza-jeno upara nirdeza karyo che, te saM. 165 (I.sa 1594)mAM racAyuM che. 2 upara jaNAvyuM tema, zAMticaMdra upAdhyAya akabaranI rajA laI gujarAta gayA pachI bhAnucaMdra akabaranA darabAramAM rahyA. bhAnacaMdranA ziSya siddhicaMdra hatA. A guru-ziSya meTA vidvAna hatA. mahAkavi bANabhaTTa-kRta "kAdaMbarI' uparanI pramANabhUta ane sauthI vikhyAta TIkA A guru ziSya racelI che. siddhicaMdra pitAnA guru bhAnucaMdranI jIvanakathAnuM Alekhana "bhAnucaMdragaNicarita 3 e nAmanA graMthamAM karyuM che. A graMtha saMskRta sAhityamAMnI aitihAsika racanAomAM viziSTa hevA sAthe e samayanA dhArmika sAmAjika ane rAjakIya jIvana mATe asAdhAraNa mahatvano che. mughala darabAranuM ane pAdazAhanA dainika jIvananuM pratyakSa Alekhana emAM che. bhAnucaMdra "sUryasahastranAma'nI racanA karI hatI ane akabara dara ravivAre emanI pAse "sUryasahastranAma' bolate.44 siddhicake phArasI bhASAne abhyAsa karyo hato ane phArasI bhASAnA keTalAka graMtha pAdazAhane emaNe bhaNAvyA hatA. zAMticaMdranI jema siddhicaMdra paNa zatAvadhAnI hatA emanA prayoga joI prasanna thayela pAdazAhe emane

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17 ] sAdhana-sAmagrI khuzaphahama (prazasta prajJAvAna)nI padavI ApI hatI. e samaye siddhicaMdra juvAna ane atyaMta svarUpavAna hatA. eka vAra pAdazAhe bahu snehathI emane hAtha pakaDI kahyuM: "huM Apane pAMca hajAranI manasabadArI ane maTI jAgIra ApuM chuM teno Apa svIkAra karI rAjA bano, lagna kare ane sAdhuvezano tyAga kare, paNa siddhicaMdra pitAnA AcAramAMthI calita thayA nahatA. bhAnucaMdra upAdhyAya prAya: akabaranA maraNa sudhI enA darabAramAM rahyA hatA. hIravijyasUrinA paTTadhara vijayasenasUri hatA, jeo lAheramAM akabara pAdaragAhane maLyA hatA e upara AvI gayuM. vijayasenasUrinuM jIvanavRtta hemavijaye "vijayaprazasti nA 16 sargomAM AlekhyuM che. hemavijayane svargavAsa thatAM guNavijaye emAM pAMca sarga umerI kula 21 sargo upara TIkA racI che (saM. 1688 I.sa. 1932).5 vijayasenasUrinA paTTadhara vijayadevasUri paNa pitAnA guruonI jema eka prabhAvazALI AcArya hatA. saM. 1674 (I.sa 1618)mAM emanI tapazcaryAthI Azcarya pAmI pAdazAha jahAMgIre mAMDavagaDhamAM "jahAMgIrI mahAtapA'nuM biruda emane ApyuM hatuM. emanuM caritralekhana kharataragacchanA zrIvallabha pAThake saTIka "vijayadevamAhAsya" (saM. 1699-Isa. 1643mAM karyuM che. guNavijyakRta "vijyadevasUriprabandhano sAra AcArya jinavijayajIe "purAtattva pu. 2, pR. 460-63 mAM Apyo che. vijayadevasUrinA nirvANanI sajhAya maLe che.7 vijayadevasUri temaja emanA paTTadhara vijyaprabhusUrinuM caritavarNana suprasiddha vidvAna meghavijaya upAdhyAye "devAnanda mahAkAvya" (saM. 1727-I.sa. 1656)mAM48 karyuM che. e ja vidvAne racelA digvijaya mahAkAvyamAM49 vijyaprabhasarinuM kAvyAzraya vistRta jIvanavRtta che. pramANikyanA ziSya jyama upAdhyAye saM. 16pa0(I.sa. 1594)mAM saMskRtamAM "karmacaMdravaMzAvalI prabaMdha" racyo che ane e upara saMskRta TIkA emanA ziSya guNavinaya saM. 1655(I.sa. 1599)mAM lakhI che.* prabaMdhane gujarAtI padyAnuvAda paNa guNavinaye e ja varSamAM karyo che 51 maMtrI karmacaMdra e bIkAnerano osavALa vaNika hato. enuM kuTuMba rAjasthAnanAM rAjakuLamAM ane mughala darabAramAM sAre prabhAva dharAvatuM hatuM. maMtrI kamacaMdra akabara bAdazAhanA gADha saMparkamAM Avyo hato. khastara gacchanA AcArya jinacaMdrasUrine akabara sAthe paricaya eNe karAvyo hato. karmacaMdra ane enA vaMzajonuM guNasaMkIrtana karatA A prabaMdhamAMthI rAjasthAna ane gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane dhArmika ItihAsanI ghaNI mahattavanI hakIkata tema ja sAmagrI prApta thAya che.

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16] mu kAze mughala kAlIna gujarAtanA eka pratiSThita zreNI amadAvAda-nivAsI zAMtidAsa jhaverI hatA. bAdazAhanA rAjyamAnya jhaverIomAMnA teo eka hatA. bhAratanAM aneka vepArI kendromAM emanI zarAphI peDhIe cAlatI. jahAMgIre emane amadAvAdanI nagarazeThAI vaMzaparaMparAgata ApI hatI. zAMtidAse saM. 1678(I.sa.1622)mAM amadAvAdanA parA bIbapura-hAlanA sarasapura-mAM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM bhavya maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. dhamadha auraMgajhebe gujarAtanI TUMkI subAgIrI daramyAna e maMdiramAM maherAba karI enI masjida banAvI hatI, paNa emAMthI muslimono kabajA uThAvI levA mATenuM pharamAna pAdazAha zAhajahAM pAsethI zAMtidAse meLavyuM hatuM; jeke bhraSTa ane apUjya sthitimAM rahelA e maMdira tarapha upAsake pharI vAra na ja vanyA. amadAvAdanI nagarazeThAI zAMtidAsanA vaMzajomAM Aja sudhI cAlatI AvI che, ane e vaMzamAM prabhAvazALI dAnI, dharmapremI tathA rAjakIya ane vahIvaTI kuzaLatA dharAvanArA aneka nAvizeSa thayA che. kSemavardhanakRta 'zAMtidAsa zeThane rAsa' (saM. 1870-I.sa. 1814)mAM zAMtidAsa ane emanA vaMzajonAM dhArmika-sAmAjika kAryone vistRta ane paraMparA pramANabhUta vRttAMta che. ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA maMdirane pratiSThA mahotsava zAMtidAse upAdhyAya muktisAgarane harate karAvyo hato, jemAM AcArvapada prApti pachI rAjasAgarasUri tarIke oLakhAyA. rAjasAgarasUrinA svargavAsa pachI turata tilakasAgare racelA "rAjasAgarapUri nirvANarAsa'. (saM. 1722-I.sa. 1666)mAM prastuta varNana sAthe zAMtidAsa ane emanA kuTuMba vize sArI mAhitI maLe che. amadAvAdanA sthAnika ItihAsa mATe paNa A prakAranI kRtio khUba agatyanI che e kahevAnI bhAgyeja jarUra hoya. judAM judAM zreSThIo AcAryo ke sAdhu-sAdhvIo vize racAyelI nAnI meTI katie dhArmika-sAmAjika itihAsa ke je te kuTuMbanA vRttAMta uparAMta je te grAmanA nagaranA sthAnika itihAsa mATe vividha rIte upayogI che e spaSTa che. IsavI sananA sattaramA saikAmAM thaI gayelA vikhyAta jaina dArzanika ane graMthakAra upAdhyAya yazovijayajInuM jIvanavRtta varNavatI, kAMtivijyakRta gujarAtI kRti sujazavelI bhAsa" (saM. 174pa-I.sa. 1689) emanA caritrAlekhanane kAraNe dhapAtra che. A kAlanA ItihAsanuM eka agatyanuM sAdhana vijJaptipatro che. e racanAo jaina sAhityanI-ane emAMye gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanI vizeSatA che. vizastipatro be prakAranAM hoya che. eka sAdhuziSya potAnA guru ke AcAryane kAvyarUpe vijJaprilekha lakhe che ane bIjo, eka nagarane jainasaMgha anyatra nivAsa

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'lu' sAdhana-sAmagrI (17 karatA AcAryane potAnA nagaramAM cAturmAsa karavAnI vijJapti karatA patra lakhe te. A prakAranA patra saMskRta-gujarAtI kAvyamAM athavA ala kRta gadyamAM racAyela hAya che. sAdhuoe lakhelA vijJaptipatrAmAM citrAdi khAsa hotAM nathI, saMdha taraphathI lakhAyelA vijJaptilekhA eLiyA ke TIpaNArUpe taiyAra thayelA hAI citrAdithI khacita hAya che.55 A prakAra ja evA che ke : rAjakIya sAmAjika dhArmika vepArI vagere mahattvanI anekavidha mAhitI emAM hoya che. sacitra vijJaptipatrAmAM jyAMthI e patra lakhAyA haiAya te nagaranAM mahattvanAM sthAnA rAjamArgo maMdirA bajAra AdinAM citra paNa hAya che, AthI Adhunika samayamAM e citrAne upayoga kAnUnI purAvA tarIke paNa kAI vAra thayelo che. sthAnika itihAsa, mahAjana, citrakalA, vividha kArIgarI, dhArmika-sAmAjika rItarivAjo, bhASA ane sAhitya, ema aneka dRSTie vijJaptilekhAnu` mahattva svayaM spaSTa che. vyaktivizeSane uddezI racAyelI ane emane pAThavavAmAM AvelI e aitihAsika racanAe hAI madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sAhityamAM paNa noMdhapAtra che. vijJaptipatrane jUnAmAM jUnA upalabdha namUnA pATaNanA graMthabhaMDAramAMnu eka tADapatrIya pAnu che. mULa vijJaptipatrane e nAnakaDA avazeSa che. e pAnu 13 mI sadImAM lekhAyelu' jaNAya che ane kAda kharI jevA alaMkRta saMskRta gadyamAM che. vaDaudra(vaDAdarA)thI prabhAcadragaNi nAme eka sAdhue caMkulanA AcAya bhAnuprabhasUri upara lakhelo e patra che. vijJAptatriveNi' (sa. 1484-I.sa.) 1428) e traNa khaMDamAM racAyelu eka saMskRta kAvya che, jemAM siMdhanA malika vAhaNu nAme sthAnathI jayasAgara AdhyAye potAnI vihArayAtrAnuM kAvyamaya chatAM vigatapUrNa nivedana pATaNamAM virAjamAna kharataragacchanA AcAya jinabhadra - sUrine mekahyuM hatuM. muni suMdarasUriSkRta alaMkRta sa MskRta kAvya 'guauvalI' (sa. 1496-I.sa. 1440) tapAgacchanA AcAya devanuMdarasUrine emaNe pAThavelA 108 hAtha lAMbA ane se'kaDA citrakAvyAthI khacita 'tridazataraMgiNI vijJapti' nAme vistRta vijJaptilekhatA upalabdha aMzamAtra che. A te vijJaptilekhanA prakAranI Avazyaka sakSipta pUrvabhUmikA thaI ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDa jemAM vijJaptilekhA ane trA sArI saMkhyAmAM maLe che tenI vAta karIe te 17 mAM saikAmAM thayela upAdhyAya vinayavijayajIe medhadUtanI zailIe temaja medhadUtasamasyApUrtirUpe racela "indradUta". sau prathama noMdha mAgI le che. vinayaviMjayajI e samaye jodhapura hatA ane suratamAM nivAsa karatA tAgacchanA ArcAya vijyaprabhasUrine emaNe pAThavelo A vijJaptilekha che. surata 4-6-2

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1 18] 2 kula kAla jodhapurathI pazcime nahi, paNa dakSiNe heI kavie varNavela iduno pravAsakrama bhautika daSTie yathArtha nathI paNa jodhapurathI jAlera zirehI Abu acalagaDha siddhapura rAja. nagara-amadAvAda vaDodarA bharUca ane taraNi(sUrya)nagara-suratanAM je varNana emAM che te itihAsanA abhyAsa mATe agatyanAM che.pa6 vinayavijayajIno bIjo vijJaptilekha (saM. 1694-I sa. 1638) amadAvAda pAsenA bArejA gAmathI khaMbhAtamAM nivAsa karatA vijayAnaMdasUrinI sevAmAM pAThavelo che. emane trIjo patra devapattana-prabhAsa pATaNathI aNahilapura pATaNamAM AcArya vijayadevasUrine pAThavela che; ene pUrvArdha prAkRtamAM ane uttarArdha saMskRtamAM che. emAM AcAryanI sevAmAM rahelA sAdhuonAM nAma tathA emane anuvaMdanAdi che. AcAryanI AjJAthI anya sthAnamAM rahelA sAdhuone paNa te te sthAnanA ullekha sAthe anuvaMdanAdi lakhelAM che. 57 upayukta "devanindamahAkAvya' ane "digvijayamahAkAvya" nA kartA meghavijaya upAdhyAye medhadUtasamasyalekha"nI racanA karI che, je emaNe auraMgAbAdathI ga7pati AcArya vijaya pramasurine dIva khAte pAThaveluM suMdara vijJaptikAvya che. emAM auraMgAbAdathI devagiri (latAbAda), IlerA tathA enI pAsenA aNukiraNa ane tuMgiyA pahADa, surata, tApI ane narmadA, bharUca, harigRhapura, mahI ane sAbaramatI, zatruMjaya ane pachI dIvanuM varNana kavi kare che, ane gurudarzananI utsukatA vyakta kare che.58 ApaNu abhAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM racAyelA vistipatrone nirdeza karIe. aMdAje I.sa.nI 17mI sadInI pUrvArdhane eka truTaka vijJaptipatra kyAMthI ane kenA upara lakhAyo ene spaSTa ullekha maLato nathI. paNa emAMnAM citra jotAM e surata athavA dIva jevA kAI baMdarethI lakhAyAnuM saMbhave che. ghoghAthI muni nayavijaye jUnAgaDhamAM tapAgacchanA AcArya vijayaprabhasUri upara lakhelA vijJaptipatra (saM. 1717-I.sa. 1661)mAM gheghAbaMdara ane junAgaDhanuM varNana che, ane ghoghAmAM vasatA sarva sAdhuonA dharmAcaraNanivedana jevo e lekha che, emAM kaI citra nathI. cAlavAnA devAsathI pATaNamAM vijayaprabhasUri upara munilabhaviye saMta kAvyamAM lakhela sacitra vijJaptipatra saM. 1718 (Isa. 166ra)ne che. jUnAgaDhathI 5hita devakuzala ane Anakuzale UnAmAM AcArya vijyaprabhasUri upara lakhelo vijJaptipatra sa. 1745 (I.sa. 1989) ne che. sirohInA jaina saMghe pATaNamAM AcArya vijayakSamAsUri upara, pitAnA nagaramAM cAturmAsa karavA mATe lakhelA sacitra vijJaptipatra(saM. 1782-I.sa. 1726)mAMthI jANavA maLe che ke e samaye pATaNanI vasatI 48 hajAra mANasanI gaNAtI hatI. A samayanA

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sAdhanasAmagrI the bIjA keTalAka sacitra vijJaptipatro maLyA che. 9 vijJaptipatra pAThavavAnI A paraMparA tyAra pachI TheTha arvAcIna kAlanA AraMbha sudhI cAlu rahelI che. A uparAMta paTAvalIo gurnAvalIo tIrthamAlAo caityaparipATIe rAjavaMzAvalIo graMthaprazastio ane pupikAo dastAvejo Adi jevAM je aitihAsika sAdhanane ullekha pAMcamA graMthamAM "hiMdu-jaina-sAhitya' zIrSaka nIcenA lekhanA uttarArdhamAM karyo che te prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM paNa maLavA cAlu rahe che. A kAlamAM rUpAlanivAsI vaiSNava vaNika gopAladAsa kRta "vallabhAkhyAna * kezavadAsa vaiSNakRta valabhavela 1 gopAladAsa vyArAvALAkRta "prAkaTayasiddhAMta', mahAvadAsakRta "gokulanAthajIno vivAha'3 ityAdi aitihAsika kAvyomAMthI gujarAtamAM zrImadvallabhAcAryanA Agamana tathA puSTimArganA prasAra vize ghaNuM jANavA jevI mAhitI maLe che. AmAMnI pahelI kRti I.sa nA 16 mA zatakanA uttarArdhamAM, jyAre bAkInI traNa 17 mA zatakanA pUrvAdhamAM racAyelI che. prastuta kAlakhaMDanA uttarArdhamAM bhATacAraNae racelAM saMkhyAbaMdha aitihAsika prazastikAvya maLe che. phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA-saMbaInA hastalikhita pustakasaMgrahamAM AvuM sAhitya likhita svarUpe sArA pramANamAM saMgharAyuM che. amadAvAdane kabaje letAM marAThAone aTakAvavAno prayatna karanAra suratamakulI ane abharAmakulIne loke (saM. 1781-I.sa 17ra 5) zAmaLa bhaTTe racyo che. gumAnabAreTakRta vividha prazastikAvyo hajI apragaTa che ? A samayamAM racAyelAM kapUracaMdano rAsaDe, veNIbhAIno rAsaDe bhANune saloke, tApIdAsane rAsaDa ityAdi aitihAsika gItakAvyo maLe che. 17 A te mukhyatve aitihAsika ke ItivRttapradhAnakRtionuM vihaMgAvalokana thayuM, paraMtu sarvasAmAnya sAhitya ke evI sAhityakRtiomAMnA nirdeza samakAlIna jIvana ane saMskRtine samajavAmAM sahAya kare che e spaSTa che. akhAnA chappA, premAnaMdanA AkhyAna, zAmaLanI padyavAratAo jevI praziSTa kRtio, jainarAsAe ane e prakAranuM vipula sAhitya gujarAtanA atIta jIvananuM darzana karavA mATe ghaNI vAra darpaNanI garaja sAre che e abhyAsIone vidita che. 4. saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekho saltanata kAlanI jema mughala kAlanA itihAsa mATe paNa saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilekhemAMthI keTalIka mahatnI mAhitI prApta thAya che.

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20] ' mughala kAla mughala kAlanI islAmI imAratamAM katarelA lagabhaga 198 jeTalA arabI phArasI zilAlekha prasiddha thayAM che?8 jyAre A kAlanA prasiddha saMskRta-gujarAtI zilAlekhenI saMkhyA lagabhaga doDhase jeTalI che; ne pratimAlekhonI sUci I.sa. 1700 sudhI taiyAra karavAmAM AvI che te lekhonI saMkhyA lagabhaga savA traNa jeTalI che. emAM I.sa. 700 thI 1758 sudhInA prasiddha pratimAlekha umeravAmAM Ave te e saMkhyA lagabhaga cAraso sudhI pahoMce. mughala kAla daramyAnanA seMkaDe pratimAlekha hajI aprasiddha rahyA lAge che. evI rIte pALiyAo para ketarAyelA anekAneka lekha hajI prakAzita thayA lAgatA nathI. abhilekhonI saMdarbha sUciomAM samAyelA prasiddha saMskRta-gujarAtI abhileneya vigate abhyAsa karatAM emAMthI itihAsane upayogI ThIka ThIka mAhitI sAMpaDe che. rAjakIya ItihAsanI bAbatamAM AmAMnA keTalAka abhilekhamAM AvatA samakAlIna mughala bAdazAha tathA sUbedAronA nirdeza tatkAlIna tavArIkhamAM seMdhAyelI hakIkatane samarthana Ape che ne keTalIka vAra vigatenI ke samayAMkananI - puravaNI kare che. vaLI A abhilekhe, khAsa karIne saurASTranA A kAlanAM sthAnika hiMdu rAjyanA itihAsa mATe savizeSa upayogI nIvaDe che. 72 vahIvaMcAonA cepaDAomAM jAvelI rAjAonI sAlavArInuM saMzodhana karavAmAM A abhilekhamAMnA samayanirdeza ghaNI saMgIna madada kare che. A kAlanA abhilomAM zilAlekha, pASANa-pratimAlekhe ane dhAtupratimA lekhene samAveza thAya che tAmrapatro para katarelA dAnazAsana-lekha bhAgye ja maLe che. zilAlekha mukhyatve pUrta kAyanA nirmANane lagatA che emAM keTalAka hokha vApI(vAva)nA nirmANanI hakIkata noMdhe che; jemake gheghAne visaM. 1634 (I.sa 1578)no lokha ane amadAvAdane vi.saM. 1779(I.sa 123)no lekha73. kaI zilAlekha kupa(kuvo) ane taDAka(taLAva)nA nirmANane lagatA heya che 74 - keTalAka abhilekhomAM devAlayo tathA jinAlayonA nirmANa ke jIrNoddhAranI hakIkata ApelI che. 7pa emAM keTalAka lokha khAsa noMdhapAtra che, jemake khaMbhAtanA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdirano vi.saM. 1661(I.sa. 1605)ne lekha zatru jaya parvata parano vi saM 1587 Isa 1531)no lekha, ArAsaNanA neminAtha maMdirane vi.saM. 165 (I.sa. 1919)no lekha, zatruMjaya parvata parane e varSane lekha, jAmanagarane vi.saM. 1676 (I. sa. 1620)ne lekha ane bhAvanagarano vi. saM. 1768(I.sa. 171ra)ne lokha.

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sAdhana-sAmagrI [ 21 salatanata kAlanI mughala kAlanA pratimAlekho parathI aneka jainapratimA onA nirmANa vize temaja enI pratiSThA vize mAhitI maLe che. emAM ApelI samayanirdezanI temaja garacha sUri jJAti vagerenI vigata dhArmika tathA sAmAjika daSTie khAsa upayogI nIvaDe che. samayanidezamAM lagabhaga hamezAM vikrama saMvatano ja upaga jovA maLe che. enAM varSa meTa bhAge kArtAikAdi ane enA mAsa amAMta gaNAtA hovAnuM mAluma paDe che.* kyAreka bAhaspatya saMvasaracakramAMnA saMvatsarano paNa nideza Ave che. jemake mULa (ji. sureMdranagara) nA vi.saM. 1 685(I.sa. 1919)nA lekhamAM keTalIka vAra vikrama saMvatanI sAthe zaka saMvatanuM varSa paNa ApavAmAM AvatuM, jemake amadAvAdanI amRtavarSiNI vAvanA hokhamAM vi.sa. 179 ane za.saM. 1644(I.sa. 1723).78 A kAlanA prakAzita saMskRta-gujarAtI abhilomAM hijarI sananA varSano nideza thayo nathI. paraMtu thoDA abhilomAM vikrama saMvatanA varSanI sAthe ilAhI sananuM varSa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A sana mughala bAdazAha akabare dIna-I-IlAhI)nI sathApanA karyA pachI zarU karI hatI I.sa. 1584)ne hijarI sananI jagyAe e navI sana pracalita karI hatI. eno AraMbha enA rAjyArahaNanA varSa 1 (I.sa. 1556)thI gaNavAmAM Avato. enAM varSa hijarI sananI jema cAMdra nahi, paNa jarastI sananI jema saura gaNavAmAM AvatAM. emAM amuka mahinA 29 divasanA, amuka 30 divasanA, amuka 31 divasanA ane eka mahino 32 divasane gaNate. e rIte varSa kula 365 divasanuM thatuM. vaLI dara cothe varSe eka divasa umeravAmAM Avato. ilAhI sananA bAra mahinAonAM nAma jarathostI sananA mahinAo pramANe rAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. evI rIte mahinAnA dareka rAjanuM paNa alaga alaga nAma prajAtuM. A sananA varSamAM 1555-1556 umeravAthI I.sa.nuM varSa Ave che. IlAhI sana akabaranA tathA jahAMgIranA rAjyakALa daramyAna pracalita rahI, paraMtu zAhajahAMe ene badale pAchI hijarI sana cAlu karI ne ilAhI sanane lopa thayo.80 mughala kAlanA A abhilo paikI ghaNA saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA che, keTalAka lokha aMzataH saMskRtamAM ane gujarAtImAM lakhAyA che, to keTalAka hokha e kAlanI gujarAtI bhASAmAM che.82 zaMkhe dvAra beTamAMno eka lokha marAThImAM che.83 A lekhamAMnA gujarAtI lakhANa parathI e bhASAnuM tatkAlIna svarUpa jANavA maLe che.

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22] muIla kAla ghaNA aMbhilokha Traka ane muddAsara heI sAdA gadyamAM lakhAyA che, te keTalAka tokha lAMbA ane vigatavAra heI suMdara paMghamAM racAyA che. padyabaddha prazastiomAM zatruMjayane vi.saM. 16pa0ne kha84 tathA vi.saM. 167pane hokha85 temaja keTa(ji. surendranagara)ne vi.saM. 1663ne lokha, noMdhapAtra che. kayAreka gadyamAM paNa vigatavAra lakhANa apAtuM jemake UnAnA vi.saM. 16paranA lekhamAM87 tathA ghelA(ji. bhAvanagara)ne vi. sa 167ranA hokhamAM 88 ghaNI vAra aMzata: padyamAM ane aMzata: lakhAtA, jemake mULA(ji. surendranagara)ne vi.saM. 1685 na hokha.89 A vidhi hokhana-prakAro parathI e kAlanI hokhanazailIne tathA padyaracanAmAM pracalita chaMdone khyAla Ave che. sAhityika daSTie ucca chApa pADe tevA lokha have javalo jovA maLe che. A abhilokho parathI bhASAnI jema lipinA tatkAlIna svarUpano paNa paricaya thAya che. varNamAlAnA lagabhaga sava mULAkSaromAM tathA aMtargata svaracihnomAM arvAcIna mareDa ghaDAyo lAge che. jyAre keTalAka saMyuktAkSaromAM hajI jana mareDa jaLavAI rahyo che 90 varSAdinI saMkhyAo sAmAnyataH aMkacihno dvArA darzAvatI. chatAM kyAreka. khAsa karIne padyaracanAmAM, e aMge zabdasa keta paNa prayojAtA. dA.ta. gagana-bANa-lA-mite abda(varSa 1650) ane saMvata netragajerasesahita (varSa 168292 jivAmUlIya tathA upaSmAnIya cihno upayoga kavacita thate, jemake zatruMjayanA vi.saM. 16pa0nA lekhamAM 3 Ama saMskRta-gujarAtI abhihokho parathI A kAlanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsamAM upayogI nIvaDe tevI keTalIka mAhitI prApta thAya che. tatkAlIna bhASA lipi pUtakA kAlagaNana vagere aMge A mAhitI ghaNI mahatvanI nIvaDI che. 5, khatapatro ane pharamAne khatapa ane pharamAne itihAsanAM likhita sAdhanamAM mahatvanuM sthAna dharAve che. rAjyataMtranA adhikaraNamAM agAu akSapaTalanuM adhikaraNa hatuM ne e adhikaraNono vaDe ucca keTino adhikArI gaNAte, paraMtu graMthanI jema khatapatro tathA zAsanapatronI harata likhita prato kAlabaLe naSTa thatI heI, gujarAtamAM selaMkI kola sudhInAM khatapatra ke zAsanapatro mejUda rahyAM nathI, jyAre gujarAtanI saltanatanA kAlanA jaja dastAveja upalabdha che.94

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sAdhana-sAmagrI 23 satanata kAla daramyAna vi.saM. 153(I.sa. 1476-77)mAM taiyAra karAyela Teauddhati graMthamAM gujarAtanAM cAvaDA tathA solaMkI rAjyanAM tathA saltanata kalanAM pacAseka prakAranAM khatapatra ApavAmAM AvyAM che, paraMtu e ghaNe aMze e prakAranAM khatapatronA dastAvejI svarUpanA namUnArUpe ja che. sahatanatamAM khatapatrane "daphataradAra" kahetA ne daphatarakhAtAnA vaDA amaladArane daphataradAra' kahetA. zAhI zAsananA lakhatane "pharamAna" kahetA. mughala kAlanAM je khatapatra prakAzita thayAM che te mukhyatve zAhI pharamAne che ne e pharamAna phArasI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che, paraMtu khAnagI milaktanA vecANa ke gIrone lagatA dastAveja mukhyatve paraMparAgata saMskRta-gujarAtI bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. AvA dastAvejonA saMgraha prakAzita thayA nathI." paraMtu amadAvAdanI gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA hastaprata-saMgrahamAM A kAlanA 9 dastAveja che tene ulekha ahIM upakAraka che. e paikI 22 vecANakhata ane 24 gIrokhata che. vecANakhate paikI 16 khata gharane lagatAM, 4 khata hATane lagatAM ane 2 khata jamInane lagatAM che, jyAre gIrokhate paikI 17 gharane lagatAM ane 7 khata hATane lagatAM che. 2 dastAveja milakatanA bhAga paDathAne lagatA che ne eka dastAveja palAnI phAragatIne lAgato che. khatapatromAM ApelI mAhitI vividha upayogitA dharAve che. A khato paikI phakta be khata phArasImAM che, bAkInAM badhAM saMskRta-gujarAtImAM che. dareka khatamAM AraMbhe te te samaye rAjya karatA bAdazAhane tathA enA sUbA ane dIvAna temaja te te sthaLanA kAcha keTavALa vagere sthAnika amaladArono nAmanirdeza Ave che te rAjakIya tathA vahIvaTI ItihAsa mATe upayogI che. saMskRta-gujarAtI khatapatramAM samayanirdeza vikrama saMvatanA varSamAM mAsa pakSa tithi ane vAra sAthe ApavAmAM Ave che. ghaNI vAra vikrama saMvatanI sAthe zaka saMvatanuM varSa paNa ApyuM hoya che. phArasI khatapatramAM hijarI sana ane/athavA ilAhI sananuM varSa mahine tathA roja sAthe ApavAmAM Ave che. milakatanA grAhaka (lenAra) ane dAyaka (denAra)ne lagatI vigatemAM e kAlanI jJAtio, dhaMdhAdArI vargo tathA manuSyanAmenI keTalIka vigatavAra mAhitI maLe che. dhara hATa vagerenA sthAnanidezanI vigate parathI e nagara ke gAmanAM e samayanAM daravAjA caMkalAM poLo vagerenAM pracalita nAma jANavA maLe che, jyAre ghara hATa vagerenA varNananI vigate parathI enA sthApatyakIya svarUpanI tathA enAM aMgaupAMgonI mAhitI maLe che. vecANa ne gIrAne lagatI rakama parathI e samayanAM pracalita nANuM tathA ghara hATa khetara

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| mughala kAla [ .. vagerenI kiMmatano khyAla Ave che. vaLI dastAvejo te te samayanI pracalita bhASAne tathA lipinA pratyakSa namUnA pUrA pADe che. dastAveja khatemAM vaparAtA vividha pAribhASika zabda paNa jANavA maLe che. matuM ane sAkhanA hastAkSaromAM nAmenuM tathA akSaronA mareDanuM vaividhya varatAya che. mirAte ahamadI' (I.sa. 1747-61)nA lekhaka alI, muhammadakhAna je mughala hakumata nIcenA gujarAtanA chellA dIvAna hatA, temaNe potAnA e graMthamAM amadavAdanA daphatarakhAnAmAMnAM ghaNuM zAhI pharamAna utAryA che, je sarve mughala hakumatanA kAlanAM che. A pharamAna vividha bAbatone lagatAM che, jemake kAlagaNanA mATe tArIkhe ilAhI apanAvavA mATenuM akabaranuM pharamAna 14 amuka cIjo para jakAta na hovA mATenuM akabaranuM pharamAna 7 mistrI sAtarakhAnane sUbedArI soMpavA mATe bAdazAha zAhajahAMe subedAra AjhamakhAnane pharamAveluM pharamAna,8 bAdazAha murAdabakSanuM zAMtidAsanA putra pAsethI uchInI lIdhelI rakama cUkavavA aMgenuM mutamIdakhAnane pharamAna,99 bAdazAhanA auraMgajhebanuM rAjyamAM bhAMganuM vAvetara na karavA vize dIvAna rahematakhAnane pharamAna,degdeg jamIna-mahesUlane lagatuM auraMgajhebanuM pharamAna * 33 kalamanuM nyAyane lagatuM enuM pharamAna mApha karelI jakAta nahi hovA mATenuM enuM pharamAna 3 ane sUbedAra tarIke ibrAhImakhAnanI nimaNuka karatuM ane pharamAna, 104 bAdazAha muhammada pharukhaziyaranuM takhtanazInIne lagatuM sUbedAra zahAmatakhAnane pharamAna 5 bAdazAha muhammada raphInuM jajiyAverAna nI nAbUdI aMgenuM pharamAna, 1* bAdazAha muhammadazAha taraphathI khuzAlacaMdanI nagarazeTha tarIke thayelI nimaNUka aMgeno paravAne 17 javAMmadakhAna sAtheno bAlAjIrAvane karAra 108 vagere. che. kemisariyete mughala zahenazAhanAM gujarAtane laganAM 21 pharamAnena saMgraha prakAzita karyo che ne enI prastAvanAmAM e prakAranAM bIjA 20 pharamAnone sAra Apyo che. emAMnAM keTalAMka rAjakIya itihAsanI dRSTie paNa upayogI che dA.ta. akabare paryuSaNanA parvadinemAM prANI-vadhanI manAI aMge hIravijayasUrine hi.sa. 992 (I.sa. 1584)mAM ApeluM pharamAna 1* akabare ilAhI sana 35 (I. sa. 1590)mAM hIravijyasUrine ApeluM pharamAna 110 akabare IlAhI sana 37(I.sa. 1592)mAM jaina zvetAMbara tIrtho aMge hIravijayasUrine ApeluM pharamAna, 111 akabare ilAhI sana 4 (I.sa. 1601)mAM vijayasenasUrine ApeluM pharamAna,112 jahAMgIre 5. vivekahIne I.sa. 1608 mAM ApeluM pharamAna 113 jahAMgIre I.sa. 1610mAM paM. vivekaharSane paryuSaNa parva aMge ApeluM pharamAna 14 jahAMgIre I sa. 1616mAM

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sAdhana-sAmagrI ( 25 vivekaharSane ApeluM pharamAna,115 ane jahAMgIre ApelAM evAM bIjAM traNa pharamAna 16 zAhajahAMe amadAvAdanA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA maMdiranuM punanirmANa karavA I.sa 1648mAM pharamAveluM pharamAna 17 paNa mahatvanuM che. jahAMgIra zAhajahAM ane auraMgajhebanAM bIjAM keTalAMka pharamAna paNa jainadharmane lagatAM che. 118 murAdabakSe amadAvAdanA zAMtidAsa jhaverInA kuTuMba pAsethI lIdhelI rakama aMgenAM murAdabakSanAM tathA auraMgajhebanAM pharamAna 19 aitihAsika daSTie agatyanAM che. zAMtidAsa jhaverInA dhaMdhAne lagatAM tathA emanI mAlamilakatane lagatAM pharamAna 20 emanA aMgata ItihAsa para prakAza paDe che. akabare tathA jahAMgIre navasArInA pArasI dastUrAne 21 tathA jIsasanA anuyAyIonA trIjA maMDaLanA pAdarIone 122 ApelAM pharamAna te te saMpradAyane maLelA rAja-protsAhana para prakAza paDe che. * mughala hakUmatanA aMtabhAgamAM gujarAtamAM marAThAo tathA aMgrejonI sattA paNa jAmatI jatI hatI, tethI pezvAo tathA gAyakavADene patravyavahAra 123 temaja aMgreja amaladArono patravyavahAra paNa A bAbatamAM keTalIka pramANita mAhitI pUrI pADe che. 6. purAvastukIya sAdhano mughala kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM thoDAMka navAM nagaranuM nirmANa thayuM hatuM. kaDI rANapura AjhamAbAda ane alIlAbAdanA keTa tathA suratane bahAra keTa A kAlamAM badhAyA. vaLI A kAlanA aMtabhAgamAM gehilavADamAM bhAvanagaranuM nirmANa thayuM. A nagaranAM khaMDerAnuM vyavasthita purAvastukIya utpanana bhAgyeja thayuM che gujarAtanAM prAcIna tathA madhyakAlIna nagaronA khedakAmamAM mughalakAlIna staranA purAvazeSonuM anaveSaNa tathA adhyayana nahivata thayuM hoI purAvastukIya jekhanananuM A sAdhana A kAlanI daTAyelA avazeSo aMge hajI khAsa upayogI nIvaDayuM nathI. nagara-AyeAjana tathA durga-vidhAnanI dRSTie A kAlanAM vidyamAna nagara tathA durge paNa viziSTa abhyAsa thayo nathI. bhUtala para mejUda rahelAM sthApatyakIya smArakamAM keTalAMka sArI hAlatamAM jaLavAI rahyAM che. mughala kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM keTalAka suMdara bAga karAyA hatA; jemake sarakheja pAsene phatehabAga, amadAvAdane rustamabAga, tathA zAhIbAga, jetalapura pAsene tabAga, jUnAgaDhane saradAra bAga, khaMbhAtane lAla bAga

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23 ] sughala mala 1.32. ane pAlaNapurane z2ikhuza bAga. emAM bhAga tarIkenI enI jUnI jAhojalAlI hAla jaLavAI rahI hoya ke na hAya, emAMnA ghaNA bhAgamAM e samayanI mahelAtA meAjUda rahI che. enA parathI e kAlenI vAstuklA tathA zilpakalAnI jhAMkhI thAya che. A sAlanAM jaLAzayAmAM pATaNanu khAna sareAvara ane peTalAdanI vAva noMdhapAtra che. nAgarika sthApatyanAM anya smArakAmAM AjhamakhAnanI sarAI ane valadAnI kamarA neAMdhapAtra gaNAya. t dhArmika sthApatyamAM saltanata kAlathI hiMdu tathA jaina madirAmAM vAstukalAnI jADA lAlI osaravA lAgI hatI. A kAla daramyAna badhAyelAM hiMdu madirAmAM dvArakAnuM dvArakAdhIza maMdira gaNanApAtra che. mAMDavI geDI jAmanagara rAmapara vagere sthaLoe paNa suMdara maMdira baMdhAyAM. giranA tathA zatru Mjya parvata para temaja khabhAta pATaNa ane amadAvAda jevAM nagarAmAM suMdara jaina derAsara baMdhAyAM. ! hiMMdu tathA jaina madizamAM zilpakalAnI aneka danIya kRtio najare paDe che. IslAmI thApatyamAM saltanata kAlanI praziSTa kalA esarI gaI hatI. amadAvAda vaDAdarA bharUca dAheAda vagere sthaLoe aneka suMdara masjido tathA rAjAe nuM nirmANa thayuM. emAM phUlavelanAM tathA bhaumitika AkRtionAM rUpAMkatAmAM nakkI kAmanI kArIgIrI jovA maLe che. A kAla daramyAna kha bhAtamAM khristI devaLa baMdhAyu citrakalAmAM mughalazailI viksI ne enI vyApaka asara dezabharamAM pravatI. A asara gujarAtamAM A kAlanI mukhAkRtiomAM temaja vezabhUSAmAM varatAya che hastapratAmAMnAM laghucitrA uparAMta jaina saMdhanAM vijJaptipatrAmAM temaja brAhmaNAnI janmapatrikAomAM suMdara raMgabaraMgI citrA jovA maLe che. taduparAMta jAmanagaranA darabAragaDha jevAM sthaLoe keTalAMka yuddhone lagatAM maneAhara bhitticitra AlekhAyAM che jemake bhUcara merImAM jAma satrasAla ane mugala sUbA ajhIjha kAkAnAM sainyA vacce khelAyelu yuddha, haLavada para jAma jasAjInA sainyanI caDAI ane strIonA svAMgamAM praveza karI kumAra rAyasiMhajI ane enA sAthIdAre jAmanagaranA darabAragaDha para karelo humalo. zilpakalA tathA citrakAlIna A vividha kR taenu sUkSma adhyayana karavAmAM AvA te! mughalakAlIna gujarAtanA rAjakIya dhArmika tathA sAmAjika jIvana vize vipula mAhitI sAMpaDe tema che.

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[1lu (27 sAdhana-sAmagrI pAdakIya 1. ahIM samAviSTa graMthanA prakAzanAdinI vigato mATe, juo choTubhAI na : gujarAtanA itihAsa mATenI arabI-phArasImAM upalabdha sAmagrI', "buddhiprakAza" pu. 107, pR. 265-66, 35-307, 313, 344, R. C. Majumdar (Ed.), The Mughal Empire, pp. 129, ff. Arnual Report on India Epigraphy (ARIE), 1960-61, No. D, 643. Ibid, 1952-53, No. E, 36 y. Indian Aritiquary, Vol. IV, p. 7 5. ARIE 1959-60, No. D. 104 6. Ibid, 1934-55, No. ID, 154-155 Tbid , Epigraphia Indo-Maslemica (EIM), 1925-26, pp. 11-12 8. ARIE 1961-62, No. D, 4 9. Ibid, 1954-55, No. D. p. 156. 10. Ibid., 160-61, No. D, 68 11, abid, 1964-65, No. D, 36 12. Ibid, 1956-57, No. D, 104 13. Ibid, 1956-57, No. D, 87 14. Ibid, 1954-55, No. D, 52-62 15 Ibid., No. D, 134 16. Ibid, 1968-69, No. D, 216 17. Ibid., 1962-63, D, 47 18. Ibid., 1968-69, No. D, 192 19. Ibid, 1954-55, No. D, 145 20. Epigraphia India, Arabic, and Persian Supplement (EI APS), pp. 7071 21. ARIE, 1954-55, No. E, 101 22. Ibid , 1954-55, No. D, 116 23. EiAPS, 1955 and, 1956 P. 99 and f. p. 3 24. AIRE, 1954-45, No. D, 46 25. Ibid., 1969-68, No. D, 90, 1968-69, No. D, 165 ra6. Ibid, 1945-65, No. D, 61 26. EIM, 1933-34, supplement, p. 40 28. ARIE, 1964-65, No. D, 66 raha. Ibid, 1956-57, No. D, 89 30. ARIE, No. D, No. 87 ka. Ibid, 1964-65, No. D. 26 32. Ibid., 1969-70, No. 53-54 33. R. B. Wnitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore Vol. II p. CV

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28 ] mughala kAla [x. 34. 'hIrasaubhAgya kAvya'nI racanA saM. 1672 ane sa` 1685 nI vacce (eTale ke i.sa. 1616 ane I.sa. 1669nI vacce) thaI jAya che ( desAI, jane sAhityanA sa'kSipta itihAsa', pR. 598). 'hIrasaubhAgya kAvya'nA gujaratI anuvAda sAdhvI suleAcanAzrIjIe karyAM che ane e mUla saMskRta kAvya ane enI TIkA sahita pragaTa thayA che; bhAga 1, amadAvAda, 1972. 35. enAM ekAda-be udAharaNa ahI' joie. te te rAntanA nAmathI pracalata 'vIsalapriya', 'bhImapriya' 'vIsalapurI', bhImapurI' AdidrammAnA ullekha sAla kI kAlamAM tA maLe che. paNa hIrasaubhAgya kAvya varNave che ke (sa` 1, leA. 77) hIravijayasUrinI janmabhUmi pAlanapuranA pArzvanAthanA madiramAM dararoja pAMcasA 'vIsalapurI' drAmmaneA kharca pUjAvidhimAM thatA hatA. . e batAve che ke seAlaMkI kAlanA nidAna amuka sikkA sudhala kAla sudhI paNa calaNamAM. pracalita hatA. sa 1, leAka 80mAM kahyu` che ke pAlanapuranA dhanADhayo 'zIkarI' tarIke oLakhAtA vAhanamA esI (tritazIyarIjA:) uparyuMkta madiramAM darzIne jatA hatA, 'zrIkarI' athavA 'zIkarI' e sukhapAla ke vAhanIthI bhinna prakArane chatrayukata vAhanavizepa heAya ema aneka prAcIna ullekhAthI anumAna thAya che (bhAgIlAla sADhesarA, brokarI-sIrI' 'buddhiprakAza", pu, 6, pR. 394-96 vaLI jue 'zabda ane artha', pR. 39-41); paNa hIrasaubhAgya kAvya'nI TIkAmAM zaucarco... idezapraziyA: ema kahyu che; saMbhava che ke 16 mA 17 mA zatakamAM gujarAtamAM ThIkra ThIka prasarelA phiraMgIe athavA bIjA yurASavAsIe zrIkarI-zIkarI'-ne maLatu' koI vAhana ke Asana vAparatA hAya, 36, mudrita AnaMda kAvyamaheAdhi', mautika pa mAM. 5 37. mAhanalAla desAI, 'jaina gujara kavio,' bhAga 1, pR. 311-13 38. ejana, pR. 171 39, mudrita jana atihAsika gujarakAvyasara ca', (sa. jinavijayajI), bhAva nagara, 1926 40. meAhanalAla desAI, uparyu kta, pR. 439-40. khAra kheAla vize jue, jaina zvetAMbara kAnpharansa heralDa', atihAsika aMka sane 1915 (sayukata aMka 7-9) 41. mudrita caro vijatha jaina graMthamALA', banArasa, sa. pa`Dita harageAvidadAsa ane paMDita becaradAsa 42. sudrita sa. muni jivavijayajI, bhAvanagara, 1917 43. mudrita 'sidhI jaina graMthamAlA', graMtha 15, sa, me|hanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, amadAvAda-kalakattA, 1941

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sAdhana-sAmagrI [29 44. kAdaMbarI' TIkAnI aMtima prazastimAM tathA kAdaMbarI-kathAnA junA gujarAtI gadyamAM karelA saMkSepane aMte (purAtatva', pustaka 5, aMka 4) siddhicaMde pitAnA guru bhAnucaMdra vize vAtAzrIvAjJAnasUlakanA mAdhyApa: evuM vizeSaNa prALyuM che. phAraso itihAsakAra badAUnI A hakIktane Teko Ape che. 45. mudrita yazovijaya jaina graMthamAlA', graMtha ra3 (saMpAdaka-paM. haragoviMdadAsa ane 5. becaradAsa) banArasa, vI. saM. 2437 46. mudrita saM. jinavijayajI, amadAvAda, 1928 47. mudrita zrI mohanalAla desAI saM5 dita jaina aitihAsika rAsamALA', bhAga 1, pR. 103-107 48. mudrita siMdha jaina graMthamAlA'. graMtha 7 (saM. paM. becaradAsa), amadAvAda-kalakatA, 1937 49. mudrita "siMdhI jaina graMthamAlA', graMtha 14, sa. paMDita aMbAlAlA premacaMda zAha muMbaI, 1945 50. mohanalAla desAI, jaina sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 575 51. mudrita 'jana etihAsika gurjara kAvyasaMcaya, saM. jinavijayajI, pU. 106-133 52. mudrita, jaina etihAsika rAsamALA', bhAga 1, saM. mehanalAla desAI, pR. 1-182 53. mudritajenA aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya', saM, jinavijayajI, pR. 45-60 54. mudrita saM, mehanalAla desAI amadAvAda, 1934 etihAsika vyaktivizeSe paratve rayAyelI anya kRtio mATe juo desAIsaMpAdita jaina atihAsika rAsamALA', jinavijayajI saMpAdita jaina etihAsika gujarakAvyasaMcaya", nAhaTA-saMpAdita, etihAsika jana kAvyasaMgraha," "vijayadharmasUri saMpAdita etihAsika rAsasaMgraha', bhAga 1-4, bhegIlAla sAMDesarA ane somAbhAI pArekha-saMpAdita 'prAcIna phAgu saMgraha', ItyAdi. A prakAranI aneka kRtio hajI apragaTa che; juo. desAI jaina sAhityane saMkSipta ItihAsa', pR. 613-14, 168-69 55. vijJaptipanA pramANabhUta paricaya mATe juo, zrI jinavijayajI-saMpAdita vijJapti triveNi (pastAvanA) bhAvanagara, 1966, vijJaptipatramAMnA citrAdinA namUnA mATe juo hIrAnaMda zAstrI Ancient Vijnapipatras, vaDodarA, 194ra. 56 bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, gujarAta mitra ane gujarAta darpaNa', dIpotsavI aMka, saM. 2010, "upAdhyAya vinayavijayakRta indudUtamAMnuM suratanuM varNana e lekha. 57. pitAnA gacchanA sAdhuone vividha sthAnomAM cAturmAsa karavAnuM sUcavatA Adeza AcArya taraphathI nIkaLatA, jene "kSatrAdezapaTTaka kahetA AvA keTalAka kSetra dezapadake maLyA che. etihAsika bhUgoLanI daSTie e abhyAsapAtra che.

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3e 1 ' khuza thaME 58. jinavijayajI vijJapti triveNi', prastAvanA 59. hIrAnaMda zAstrI Ancient Visnapipatras, pR. 42 thI AgaLa 60. kezavarAma kA. zAstrI "kavicarita' bhAga 2, pR. 34ra-45 6. ejana. pR. 44-47 62. ejana, pR. 498-99 63. ejana, pR. 500-501 14. aMbAlAla jAnI, "bI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnAM hastalikhita pustakonI savistara nAmAvali' bhAga 1, muMbaI, 1923 65. mudrita buddhiprakAza', pu. 1, sane 1854. A zalakAnI 119 kaDIo emAM chapAI che. vaLI juo ranamaNirAva, gujarAtanuM pATanagara-aradAvAda), 5. 128-33 66. aMbAlAla jAnI, uparyukata pR. 30. 67. ejana, pR. 117 ane AgaLa 68. ki. a. desAI, gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbha sUci, khaMDa 1, lekha 321 thI 28 19. I. vi. trivedI, gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 4, lekha 25 thI 442 70. ejana, khaMDa 5, vekha 3373 3395 1. i. vi. vivedI, gujarAtanA muslimakAlanA saMskRta abhilebemAMthI maLatI. mAhitI, pR. 13 thI 2 72. ejana. 5. 93 thI 165 73. ejana, pR. ra9ra thI ra97 74. ejana, pR. ra7 thI 305 75. ajana, pR. 336 thI 363 76. ejana, pR. 468 thI 484 69. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad No. 125 78 kumAra', aMka 387 pR. 286-288 79. I, vi. trivedI uparyukta pR. 560 80 , do. oNA, bhAratIya janIna tripATha, p. 163 , D. C. Sircar, Indian Epigraphy, p. 30 81. dA.ta, Diskalkar, op. cit. Nos. 103, 175 82. dA.ta, Ibid, Nos. 140, 154 156 15, 173, 174 83. Ibid. No. 172 84. Ibid, No. 106 85. Ibid, No. 171 86. Ibid, No. llu 87. Ibid, No. 107 88. Ibid, No. 1l3 89. Ibid, No. 125 90. I. vi. trivedI pR. 584 Ele Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 106 <2. Ibid., No. 121 93. Ibid, No. 106

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sAdhana-sAmagrI [33 94. dA. ta. pATaNamAMthI mahamUdazAha nA samayane eka dastAveja vi. saM. 1547ne ane eka bIjo vi.saM. 1562 ne maLe che (jinavijayajI, pATaNanA be jUnA dastAvejo, "purAtatva', pR. 4 pR. 1-9). bIjA keTalAka dastAvejo mATe juo . ja. sAMDesarA, gujarAtanAM jUnAM khatapatra ane dastAveje, "graMtha ane graMthakAra", pu. 1, pR. 43-47. 5. bha. ja. sAMDesarA, ejana, pR. 7-54. A kAlanA anyatra prakAzita thayelA bIjA keTalAka dastAvejo mATe juo ejana, pR. 4ra ane P. C. Divani, *Three Gujarati Legal Documents of the Moghul Period," Journal of Gujarat Reseurch society, Vol. IV, pp. 18 ff, (s. Mirat.i-Ahmadi, (Eng. tran.) pp. 136 ff cu. Ibid., pp. 148 ff. &c. Ibid , pp. 191 ff. <<. Ibid., p. 211 100 Ibid, p. 219 101 Ibid, pp. 240 ft. 102 Ibid, 248 ft 103 Ibid., pp. 256 f 208 Ibid., p. 331 204 Ibid., p. 352 106 Ibid, pp. 388 f; "mirAte ahamadI', . 2 (guja. anu.), 5. 31-32 107 Ibid, p. 505; ejana, pR. 193-194 108 Ibid, p. 745; ejana, pR. 508-509 qo6 M. S. Commissariat, Imperial Mughal Farmans in Gujarat, Intr. p. 9 110 munirAja vidya-vijaya, 'sUrIzvara ane samrATa', pariziTa ja 114 M. S. Commissariat, op. cit, p. 10 112 munirAja vivijaya, uparyukta, pariziTa va 113 M. S. Commissariat, op cit pp. 10-11 118 N. C. Mehta, Studies in Indian Painting, pp. 69 ff 114 M. S. Commissariat, op. cit. pp. 26 ff. (plate I) 116 munirAja vidyAvijaya, uparyukta, pariziTa , gha, ane 3 1999 M S. Commissariat, op, cit, pp. 39 ff. ??c Ibid., Plates II, VII, XIII, XIV, XIV and XX; M.S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, pp. 64 ff. 119 Ibid, pp. 47 f (piptes XV-XVIII), AmAMnuM paheluM "mirAte ahamadI'mAM utAreluM che.

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32] mughala kAla 20 2/bid., Plates (V, V, VI, VIII, X, XI, XII and XIXvid' $2414 che. A prakAranuM che. :) . . 122 Comissariat, Imperial Mughal Farmins in Gujarat, p 21 222 Ibid, pp 22 f 1ra3 peve 1ratna nivaDa #In2 (saM. gesa saradesAI) graMthamALAno graMtha 12 DAbhADe ane gujarAtanI jItane lagato che. vaLI juo ane murAThI tihAsika a, 9719-2 dul The Gaikwads of Baroda : English Documents, Vol. I (Ed. by Gense and Banaji) 1px 4 Collection of Treaties, Engngements and Sunnuds relating to India and Neighbouing Countries (Ed. by C. W. Aitchison), Vol. VI

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khaMDa 2 rAjakIya itihAsa prakaraNa 2 mughala bAdazAhanA pUrva saMpaka ane gujarAtamAM | mughalAInI sthApanA mughala bAdazAha akabare I.sa. 1572-73 mAM gujarAta jItI laI tyAM mughalAI hakUmata sthApI te pahelAM paNa mughala bAdazAhane gujarAta sAthe kaMI ne kaMI saMparka thayA hatA. khabara ane gujarAta bAbare I.sa. 1526 mAM hiMda para AkramaNa karyuM te samaye gujarAtamAM sulatAna mujhapharazAha 2 jAnuM zAsana (I.sa. 1511-26) cAlatuM hatuM. mujhaphapharazAhanA zAhajAdAomAM sauthI vadhu zaktizALI dvitIya zAhajAde bahAdurakhAna pitA taraphathI maLelI nAnI jAgIrathI asaMtuSTa banI moTA bhAInI pitAnI sAmenI khaTapaTothI bacavA gujarAta choDI dilhI gayo hato (I.sa. 15ra 5). dilhIne sulatAna IbrAhIma ledI (I.sa. 1518-15ra 6) AvA samaye jhahirUddIna bAbarane dilhI pAse pANIpatanA medAnamAM sAmano karavAnI taiyArImAM hato ema chatAM eNe bahAdurakhAnane AvakAra ApI tyAM Adara sahita rAkhyo. bahAdUrakhAna dilhI pahoMcyo tyAM sudhImAM sulatAna ibrAhIma ane bAbara vacce keTalIka vAra athaDAmaNa thaI hatI. bahAdurakhAnanI dilhInA aphaghAna amIra ane lekAmAM vadhelI lekapriyatA ane zUravIratA aMge eka rasaprada seMdha jovA maLe che. eka vAra sulatAna IbrAhIma ane bAbaranI eka TukaDI vacce athaDAmaNa thatAM emAM hArI gayelI sulatAnanI TukaDIne yuddhamedAnamAMthI keda pakaDI laI javAmAM AvI rahI hatI tyAre sulatAna pote ane enA vIra ddhAo hAjara hovA I-6-3

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34] sughala kAla [ zra. chatAM kAI kazuM karI zakathA nahi tyAre bahAdurakhAtathI A sahana na thatAM eNe khullI talavAre mughala sainikA para dhasI jaI emane harAvyA ane adhAna kedIone mukta karAvyA. sulatAnaneA vijaya thayA. bahAdurakhAnanI A vIratAthI prabhAvita thayelA amIra|, je tyAM hAjara hatA ane sulatAna ibrAhImanA zAsanathI asa MtuSTa hatA, temaNe sulatAnane padabhraSTa karI, dilhInI gAdI para bahAdurakhAnane besADavAnuM vicAryuM. amIrAnI AvI vRttinI sulatAnane khabara paDatAM zAhajAdo bahAdurakhAna enI najaramAM halakA paDI gayA. bahAdurakhAna A ardhuM pAmI jatAM, sulatAnanI paravAnagI meLavyA vagara, dilhI ADI gujarAta jatA rahyo. mudhala bAdazAha bAbare bAbaranAmA'mAM eka rasaprada noMdha karI che. e jaNAve che ke pitA sAthe aNabanAva thavAthI zAhajAdo bahAdurakhAna dilhInA sulatAna brAhIma pAse gayA hatA. tyAMthI eNe pANIpatanA medAnamAM laDatA bAbarane madada mATe vinaMtibharyA patra lakhyA hatA, jenA khAkhare pretsAhaka ane udAra bhAve javAba ApyA hatA ane peAtAnI sAthe joDAvA bahAdurakhAnane nimaMtraNa pagu ApyuM hatuM.. pahelAM bahAdurakhAne pANIpatrathI bAbaranA AvavAnI rAha joI, paNa pachIthI yAjanA badalIne sulatAna ibrAhIma pAsethI chUTA paDI e gujarAta jatA rahyo. bahAdurakhAnane bAbare 'leAhI tarasyA ane uddata' tarIke oLakhAvyA che.2 gujarAtanA imAda-ula-mulke eka patra lakhIne gujarAtanA AMtara saMdhamAM khAkharanI sahAya bhAgI hatI ane bAbara jo peAtAnA lazkaranA eka bhAgane mAkalI ene sahakAra Apaze teA imA--ul- mulka ene dIpa(dIva )nuM baMdara ane eka karADa TakA Apaze evI taiyArI batAvI hatI, paraMtu eneA patra bAbarane kayAreya pahoMcyA na hatA.4 humAyUnI gujarAta para caDAI sulatAna mujhaphpharazAha 2 jAnA avasAna pachI gheADA samaya bAda bahAdurazAha (I.sa. 1526-1537) sattAdhIza banyA. enA samayamAM gujarAtanuM rAjya samRddhu banavA lAgyuM. A sulatAne gujarAtanI pUrve mALavA, uttare mevADa ane cheka bayAnA sudhI vijaya meLavyA, AthI e mutrala bAdazAha humAyU' sAthe dhRSaNamAM Avye. I.sa. 1526 mAM dilhImAM mudhala sattA sthapAyA pachI lAdI vaMzanA dhaNA zAhajAdA gujarAtamAM AvyA ane sulatAna bahAdurazAhe emane peAtAnA darabAramAM rAkhyA. sulatAna ahalUla lodInA pautra ane alAuddIna lAdIneA putra tAtArakhAna

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sughala bAdazAheAnA pUrva sapa... (pa 2 ju] gujarAtanA darabAramAM peAtAnI dilhAMnI gAdI puna: prApta karavA madada meLavavA AAge. bahAdurazAhe ene paNa AvakAryo ane lazkarane senApati nImme.pa A uparAMta krUhakhAna kutbakhAna ane umarakhAna jevA lAdI adhAneAne paNa bahAdurazAhe Azraya ApyA hatA. bahAdurazAhanA A kAthI dilhInA mughala darabAramAM evI chApa paDI ke A sulatAna dilhI sAme mukhya keMdra batI meAracA UbhA karavA mAge che. I.sa. 1533mAM humAyUnA banevI muhammada jhamAna mIrajhA je bhAre jhadhaDAkhAra hatA ane AgrA najIka ayAnAnA killAmAMnI kedamAMthI nAsI chUTayo hateA te, bahAdurazAhane Azraye AvatAM ene sulatAne Azraya ApyA. A badhAM kAraNeAthI humAyU. rASe bharAye| ane eNe I.sa. 1534 nA navembaranI madhyamAM gujarAta para AkramaNu karavA ja`gI taiyArI sAthe phreMca karIne mALavAmAM sAraMgapura khAte paDAva nAkhyA. humAyUnA AkramaNu vakhate bahAdurazAha cittoDa para bIjI vAra dherA nAkhavAnI taiyArImAM hatA. humAyU e bar3AdurazAhatA cittoDa-vijaya sudhI sabUrI rAkhI hatI, paNa e pachI eNe enI pUMTha pakaDI gujarAtanA eka asaMtuSTa senApati rUmIkhAnanI salAha anusAra bahAdurazAhane pIcheA karyAM. bahAdurazAha khaMbhAta thaI dIva taraph nIkaLI gayA, humAyU e gujarAtanuM pATanagara muhammadAkhAda (cAMpAnera) sara karI lIdhuM te bahAdurazAhanuM mahI nadI sudhInuM AkhuM rAjya humAyUnA tAbA nIce AvI gayuM. A samaye humAyUnA sAmA karavA mATe amadAvAdamAM sulatAna bahAdurazAha taraphI dIvAna imAhula-mulka ane mujAhiMdakhAna 22,000 nI senA sAthe taiyAra thayA. humAyUne A samAcAra maLatAM pAvAgaDhane killo ane pe|te lazkara laI amadAvAda tara javA nIkaLyA. askarI ane mIrajhA yAdagAra najhIra ane mIra hiMdu megane eka divasa agAu ravAnA karyAM. naDiyAda ane mahemadAvAda vacce baMne lazkarA vacce jhapAjhapI thaI; jemAM gujarAtanuM lazkara hA.... humAyUnA lazkare amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI ane e kabaje karyuM. pAchaLathI humAyuM paNu amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyA. humAyUM have saurASTra sivAya mALavA ane gujarAta pradezanA svAmI banyA. eNe ahIM vahIvaTItaMtra sthApavAnuM kArya zarU karyuM. peAtAnA bhAI mIrajhA askarIne gujarAtanA nAjhima nImme te enuM vaDu mathaka amadAvAda rAkhyuM. askarInA tAmA nIce hiMdu meganI pradhAna ane sarasenApati tarIke nimaNuka taraddImegakhAnane se pyA potAnA bhAI mIrajhA

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6). buthala kAle karI. taradIbegane cAMpAnera ane nAsira mIrajhAne pATaNanaharavAlAne havAle soMpavAmAM AvyuM. anya adhikArIone khaMbhAta mahemadAvAda vaDodarA bharUca ane suratanA havAlA soMpavAmAM AvyA. - tyAra bAda humAyuM bahAdurazAhanI zodhamAM dIva javA nIkaLyo, paraMtu dhaMdhukA pahoMcatAM ja ene mughala sAmrAjyamAM zerakhAna aphaghAne baMDa karyuM hovAnA samAcAra maLyA. AthI humAyUne gujarAtamAMthI pAchA pharavAnI pharaja paDI. humAyUe jevuM gujarAta choDayuM ke tarata ja enI pAchaLa gujarAtamAM bahAdurazAha taraphI krAMti thaI. sulatAna bahAdurazAha pitAnA dIvanA raheThANamAMthI bahAra AvyuM ane eNe mughala sAmenI laDatane havAle saMbhALI lIdho. bahAdurazAha taraphathI dabANa AvatAM mughaloe gujarAtamAMthI pIchehaTha karI. bahAdura zAhe pharI vAra pitAnA rAjya para kabajo jamAvI dIdhA. Ama humAyUnI gujarAta paranI hakumata eprila 25, 1535 thI me 24, 1576 sudhI arthAt tera mahinA sudhI rahI. akabaranI gujarAta para pahelI caDAI sulatAna bahAdurazAhanA avasAna (I.sa 1537) pachI gujarAtanI saltanata nabaLI paDI. je juvAna ane nabaLA sulatAna gAdIe AvyA te mahatvAkAMkSI ane lagabhaga ardhasvatraMta jevA amIra-umarAvonA hAthamAM pUtaLA samAna banI gayA. samagra rAjyamAM vikhavAda ane AMtarika vigrahonuM jora vyApI gayuM. AvA kaparA kAlamAM gujarAtamAM eka vadhu aniSTa tattvo umero thayo. vidrohI svabhAvanA tamUranA vaMzanA mIrajhAone akabare uttama hiMdustAnamAMthI hAMkI kADhatAM teo gujarAtamAM nAsI AvyA (I.sa. 1566) ane bharUca jaI tyAMnA ciMgIjhakhAnanA Azraye rahyA. A mIrajhAe gujarAtanI salatanata kathaLatI jatI sthitimAM pitAnI sattA jamAvavA mAMDI. sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha je (I.sa. 1562-1573) je itimAdakhAna nAmanA agraNI ane khaTapaTI rAjanItinA rakSaNa nIce hato, tenA samayamAM amIrAtI aMdaro aMdaranI khaTapaTa vadhI paDI. uttara gujarAtamAM aphaghAna amIra zerakhAna kuladI, amadAvAda sahita madhya gujarAtamAM jadUjahArakhAna ane anya habasIo tathA dakSiNa gujarAtamAM ciMgIjhakhAnanI saradArI nIce mIrajhA khUba joramAM AvyA. A AMtara saMgharSamAM itimAdakhAna phAvI nahi zatAM eNe mughala bAdazAha akabarane gujarAtamAM pravartatI rAjakIya asthiratAne khyAla ApI gujarAta

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2ju] mughala khAdazAheAnA pUrva' saparka.... [89 para caDAI karavA ane e jItI levA vinaMtI karI. eNe vadhumAM jaNAvyuM hatu ke gujarAta jItI levAmAM nahi Ave ne dhAneAne tyAMthI kADhavAmAM nahi Ave tA e pradeza mIrajhAnA hAthamAM paDaze akabarane peAtAnA sAmrAjyanA vistaraNa mATe gujarAta pradeza dhaNA agatyane lAgyA. phaLadrupa jamIna, vistRta dariyAkAMThA para AvelAM badarA ane sadIothI videzI vepArathI samRddha banelA ! pradezanI gaNanA hiMdabharamAM samRddha gaNAtA prAMtAmAM thatI hatI. hiMdamAM sarvopari banavAnI mahecchA sevatA akabare AthI gujarAta para caDAI karavA taiyArI karI, rAjadhAnI phohapura sIkarImAMthI rAjasthAna thaI gujarAta AvavA prayANa karyuM`" (julAI 2, 157ra). gujarAtanI sarahadamAM pravezI e naharavAlA--pATaNa AvyA ane peAtAnA eka samayanA rakSaka ane vAlIbaherAmakhAnanA 16 varSInA putra abdurrahImakhAnane melAvI, pATaNanI jAgIra ApI ene vahIvaTa sauyada ahamadakhAna bahune soMpyA. tyAMthI e joTANA gaye|. tyAM samAcAra maLyA ke sulatAna mujhaphpharazAhe zerakhAna phulAdInuM zaraNu cheADI daI sAraDa jate! rahyo che. ene pakaDavA akabare mIrakhAna ane paisAvala nAmanA mughala saradArene mekayA. chevaTe teeA mujhaphpharazAhane pakaDI akabara pAse laI AvyA (navembara, 15). akabare sulatAna mujhaphrazAhane khIjI kAI zikSA na karatAM karamalakhAnane soMpyA ane kedInI jema rAkhavA pharamAvyuM. sthaLe gujarAtanA keTalAka nAmAM keta amIra akabarane zaraNe AvyA, jemAM gujarAtanA mukhya salAhakAra mIra aNu turAba alI, saiyada hamIda bukhArI, sIdI khIrAmAM ullekhAna, jUjahArakhAta IkhtiyAra-ulU-mulaka temaja sthAnika amIrA vija-ul-mulaka ane mujAhidakhAna jevAone samAveza thatA hatA. A samrATa akabare gujarAtamAM amIrA para varcasa dharAvanAra ane khyAtanAma banelA pratimAdakhAnane TekA meLavavA ene kaDI pAse hAjIpura mukAme AvakAryAM ane jAherAta karI ke gujarAtaneA vahIvaTa pratimAdakhAnane soMpavAmAM Avaze ane e je je amIre|nI sevA mAgaze te badhAne enI sattA nIce mUkavAmAM Avaze. vicakSaNa akabaranuM A pagaluM gujarAtanA amIrAnI zubha bhAvanA tema TaMkA meLavavAnI dRSTivALuM hatuM. e pachI akabare amadAvAda AvI (navembara 20) 1572) paMdareka divasa rAkAI amadAvAdanI prajA taraphathI AvakAra meLavyeA, kAraNa ke leAkeAnA lAMbhA samayathI cAlu rahelA trAsanA vAtAvaraNamAMthI chuTakArA thayA hatA. jUnAgaDha (sAra)nA hAkema amInakhAna dhArIe paNu akabarane bheTanajarANAM mekalAvI mughala sattA taraph AdarabhAvanA darzAvI. 10

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38) sughala phAla [x, amadAvAdanA potAnA vasavATa daramyAna akabare gujarAtanI vahIvaTI vyavasthA gADavI, amadAvAda tathA mahI nadInA uttara bhAganI gujarAta sarakArane vahIvaTa peAtAnA dUdhabhAI mIrajhA ajhIjha kokA khAna---Ajhamane ane mahI nadInI dakSiNe AvelA pradeza (dakSiNa gujarAta), je baDakheAra mIrajhA amIrAe pacAvI pADayo hateA, teneA vaDIvaTa timAdakhAna ane gujarAtI amIrAnI sAmAnya dekharekha nIce soMpyA. pratimAdakhAnane mukhya amIranI kAmagIrI seAMpavAmAM AvI. pachI akabare khabhAtatI mulAkAta lIdhI, prathama vAra dariyAnuM darzana karI ghaNA AnaMda anubhavye ane dariyAnI sahelagAha karI. khabhAtamAM rahetA rUma siriyA IrAna ane turAnanA tathA krUragI jevA vepArIoe akabaranuM svAgata karyuM akabara amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta javA nIkaLI gayA bAda ene mArgomAM ja samAcAra ApavAmAM AvyA ke amadAvAdamAM je amIrAne rahevAnI paravAnagI ApavAmAM AvI hatI, tee have bAdazAha pratyenI vaphAdArI phagAvI daI, mIrajhA sAthe maLI jaI khaTapaTa karavAnI taiyArImAM che. mIra aNu turAba sivAyanA pratimAdakhAna sahita ghaNA amIra vaphAdArI phagAvI devA tatpara banyA hatA. akabare khabhAta pahoMcyA bAda tarata ja mIrabakSI zahakhAjakhAnane amadAvAda jaI, vAdArImAM DagamagI rahelA amIrAne keda karI potAnI samakSa hAjara karavA kramAna karyuM. akabaranA A hukamanu pAlana karavAmAM AvyuM. pratimAdakhAnane zikSA na karatAM zAhamAjakhAtatA jApatAmAM soMpavAmAM AvyA, akrakhara mIrajhAene harAvI emane tAme lAvavA makkama hatA. khaMbhAtathI akabare prayANa karyAMtA samAcAra jANI, mIrajhA cAMpAnera vAdarA jevAM mahattvanAM sthaLa cheADI surata paheoMcI gayA ane tyAM bAdazAha akabaranA prabaLa sAmanA karavA jaMgI taiyArI karavA lagyA hatA. A arasAmAM mIrajhA IbrAhIma husene bharUcanA gaDha jItI laI akabaranI chavaNIthI ATha keAsa dUra paDAva nAkhyA, mughala senAe ThAsarAnI pUrve pAMca mAIla dUra AvelA saranAla najIkamAM mIrajhAne sakhata parAjaya ApyA (Disembara 23) ane e tyAMthI AgrA tarapha nAsI chUTayo.12 tyAra bAda Akhare surata paheAMcI (jAnyuArI 11, 1573), geApItaLAva kAMThe paDAva nAkhI killAne gherA ghADhyA, AraMbhamAM khaMne pakSe vacce jorazeArathI AkramaNa ane bacAvanI ramajhaTa cAlatI rahI. dheA kaDaka banAvAyeA. chevaTe gaDhanA saradAra hamajhAkhAne zaraNAgati mAgI. sa MpUrNa vijaya maLavAnI khAtarI hAvA chatAM akAre laDAI baMdha karI, saradAra hamajhAkhAna ane bIjA thoDAkane keda karI, khIjAene mAfI ApI cheADI mUkayA. Ama eka mAsa ane 17 divasa sudhI cAlelA dherAnA aMta Avye (phebruArI 26, 1593).

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raju mughala bArazAhanA pUrva saMpaka.. . [e akabare suratanA killAnI mulAkAta letAM, tyAMnI "sulemAnI, nAmathI oLakhAtI tepo pasaMda paDatAM, keTalIka AgrA mokalI ApI. potAnA suratanA nivAsa daramyAna e tyAM rahetA pArasIonA saMparkamAM AvyA lAge che, suratamAM jarathostI dhama ne kaI UMDo jJAnI na maLatAM navasArIthI dastUra maherajI rANune bolAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. dastura maherAi rANAne akabare phattehapura sIkarImAM yojela dharmapariSadamAM yAda karI, nimaMtraNa ApI teDAvyA hatA (I.sa. 1576-79), suratamAM bAdazAha akabarane phiraMgIo paNa AvIne maLyA hatA. gujarAtanI khaLabhaLI UThelI rAjakIya paristhitino teo lAbha levA Atura hatA, paraMtu akabaranI samartha tAkAta joI teoe pitAnI yojanA badalI nAkhI ane akabaranA darabAramAM bheTasogAda sAthe pratinidhimaMDaLa kahyuM. akabare bheTasogAdo svIkAra karI phiraMgIo sAthe sArA saMbaMdha rAkhavAnI taiyArI batAvI hatI. AnI pAchaLa e paNa kAraNa hoI zake ke phiraMgIo paradezIo hatA ane emanuM varcasa pazcima hiMdanA dariyA para hatuM. dIvanA yuddha pachI gujarAtanuM kaI paNa vahANa emanI paravAnagI lIdhA vagara dariyAI saphara kheDI zakatuM nahi. akabaranI sAthe janAnakhAnuM paNa hatuM. temAMnI keTalIka strIo, jemAM akabaranI mAtA hamIdAbAnu begama ane pheI gulabadanabAnano samAveza thato hato, temane makkAnI haja karavA javuM hatuM. gujarAtathI dariyAI raste makkA javA phiraMgIo taraphathI kanaDagata na thAya e paNa jarUrI hatuM, AthI akabare phiraMgIo sAthe sArA saMbaMdha bAMdhyAnuM ne phiraMgIoe paravAne ApyAnuM jaNAya che. baMne sattAo vacce elacI-saMbaMdha e pachI sthapAyA haze. je samaye akabara suratanA killAnA gherAmAM rokAyelo hato te daramyAna uttara gujarAtamAM muhammada husena ane zAha mIrajhAe aphaghAna amIra zera khAna phalAdI sAthe maLI jaI pATaNa zaherane ghero ghAlyo, paraMtu amadAvAdathI ajhIjhe tAbaDatoba AvIne mALavA tathA caMderIthI AvelI sarakArI sahAyathI baLavAkhorone pATaNathI pAMca kesa dUra laDAImAM sakhata parAjaya Ape (jAnyuArI 22, 1573). pariNAme baLavAkhora nAsabhAga karI veravikhera thaI gayA. suratamAM akabarane AnA samAcAra maLatAM baLavAkhorano pIcho karavA eNe hukama karyo. akabare suratathI amadAvAda AvI (eprila 3),. 10 divasa rokAI gujarAtanI pAkI vahIvaTI vyavasthA karI: mIrajhA ajhIjha kekAne gujarAtane sUbedAra nImI ene AkhA subA(prAMta)ne vahIvaTadAra banAvyuM. "khAna-I-kalana' mIra muhammadakhAna pATaNa ane enA nAnA bhAI kubuddIna muhammadakhAnane bharUca soMpavAmAM AvyuM. nauraMgakhAnane vaDodarA seMpavAmAM AvyuM. saiyada hamIda bukhArIne

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mughala mala - pra. dhoLakA ane dhaMdhukAnI jAgIra ApavAmAM AvI. akabare amadAvAdamAM Idane tahevAra UjavI amadAvAdathI prayANa karyuM (eprila 13, 1573) ane pATaNajAleranA mArge e phohapura sIkarI jaI pahoMce. bIjI caDAI ane hakUmatanI 60 sthApanA gujarAtamAM haju mIrajhAonI tAkAtane saMpUrNa paNe kacaDI nAkhavAmAM AvI na hatI. kedI banela gujarAtane mAjI sulatAna mujhaphaphara 3 jo kedamAMthI nAsI chUTI, pitAnuM rAjya pAchuM meLavavAnuM bhagIratha prayAsa karavAnI taiyArImAM hatA. saurASTrane vibhAga haju jItavAno bAkI hato. junAgaDhamAM amInakhAna ghorInI sattA sarvopari hatI zerakhAna phalAdInA junA sAthIdAra aphaghAne, mIrajhAo ane asatapI habasI amIroe bhegA maLI baMDa uThAvavAno nizcaya karyo hato. saurASTramAM jAmanagara ane kacchanA rAjAo tathA bIjA rAjapUta ThAkora gujarAtanI e DAmADoLa rAjakIya sthitimAM je pakSa lAbhadAyaka sthitimAM AvI paDe tenI sAthe joDAIne lAbha uThAvavAnI ramata khelI rahyA hatA. bIjI bAjue gujarAtamAM mughala satAvALA pradezanI prajA akabaranI udAra ane dharmasahiSNu nItine lIdhe zAMtino anubhava karI rahI hatI. AvI sthitimAM azAMti UbhI thaI. AvA vAtAvaraNamAM mIrajhA muhammada husena, je daulatAbAda jaIne Azraya pAmyo hato te, jhaDapathI surata Avyo ane enI AgevAnI nIce baMDa zarU thayuM. mughala phejadAra kulIjhakhAna suratanA killAmAM sapaDAI gaye, AthI muhammada husene bharUca ane khaMbhAta jItI lIdhAM ane amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI. A samaye subedAra ajhIjha kAkA IDara pradezamAM eka baMDakhera sIdI amIrane sAmano karI rahyo hate te muhammada husenanA amadAvAda AvI rahyAnA samAcAra sAMbhaLI jhaDapathI amadAvAda AvI paDe ane eNe AkramaNakhorane majabUta sAmano karavAnI taiyArI karI. TUMka samayamAM ja baLavAranAM lakara amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyAM, jemAM IDarathI Avela IkhtiyAra-ulU-mulaka, jadUjahAra khAnane putra valI khAna, zerakhAna phalAdInA putro, rAjapUta, asaMtoSI musalamAno vagerene samAveza thato hato. amadAvAdamAM gherAI rahelA ajhIjha kekAe baLavAkhorane sAmane khullA medAnamAM AvIne karavAnuM TALyuM. bIjI bAjue samrATa akabarane A samAcAra maLatAM samaya gumAvyA vagara e pote vIjaLIvege kUca karI mAtra nava divasamAM 600 mAIlanuM aMtara kApI amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyo. eNe baLavAkhoro para prabaLa humale karI emane sahune bhayaMkara parAjaya

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ju.] mughala bAdazAhanA pUrva saM5ka. 4i1 A (sapTembara 2, 1573). baMDakhoronA netA muhammada husenane keda pakaDI pAchaLathI enI hatyA karavAmAM AvI. sIdI umarAva IkhtiyAra-ula-mulaka mAryo gaye. nAsI gayela baLavAkhorone keda karavA vizvAsu amaladArone mokalavAmAM AvyA. IDaranA rAve baLavAkhorone madada karelI tethI ene zikSA karavA ane bIjAne rAjapUtane manAvI laI emanI vaphAdArI meLavavA paNa Adeza ApyA. | vijaya meLavyA bAda 11 divasamAM ja akabare gujarAtanI vyavasthA nakkI karI. ajhIjha kokAnA kAkA khAna-I-kalana pAse pATaNanI jAgIra cAlu rahevA devAmAM AvI. vajIrakhAnane dhoLakA ane dhaMdhukAnI jAgIra ApavAmAM AvI. khvAjA dhiyAsuddIna alIne "asaphakhAnano khitAba ApI dIvAna ane bakSI nImyA. Ama asaphakhAna gujarAtanA sUbedArano pahelo dIvAna banyo. jUnAgaDha para kabajo jamAvI beThelA amInakhAna ghorIne harAvI enI pAsethI e pradeza laI levA Adeza Apyo e pachI akabara kaDI siddhapura zirohI ane ajameranA bhAge AgrA pahoMcyo (okaTobara 5, 1573). Ama A caDAImAM jhaDapI kaca karavI, vijaya meLavavo, vahIvaTI vyavasthA karavI-e badhuM 43 divasamAM ATopI levA badala akabaranI kAryadakSatA ane kunehazakti nI prazaMsA karavAmAM Ave che ne AthI e caDAI "jhaDapI caDAI " tarIke oLakhAya che. gujarAtamAMthI pasAra thatAM siddhapura khAte akabarane vaDanagarano killo jItI levAyAnA samAcAra apAyA. jayapura rAjayamAM saMganera khAte maLavA AvelA ToDaramalane akabare gujarAtanA jitAyelA prAMtanI jamIna-mahesUlanI jamAbaMdhInuM kAma karavA ane enI vigata pitAnI pAse rajU karavA pharamAna karyuM. AgrA pahoMcyA pachI akabarane IDaranA rAva nAraNadAsa ane udepuranA rANue zaraNuM. gati svIkAryAnA samAcAra apAyA. ToDaramale paNa gujarAtamAM jamAbaMdhInuM kArya patAvI, AgrA AvI badhI vigata zAhI daphatarakhAnAmAM peza karI.14 Ama gujarAta saltanatano sattAvAra aMta 1573 AkharamAM AvI gayA ane gujarAta mughala sAmrAjyano sU(prAMta) banI gayuM. pAdaTIpa 1. E. C. Baylay, History of Gujarat, p. 278 and note;-cited by M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat. Vol. I, p. 281

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kara) mughala kAla 2. Cited by Commissariat, op. cit., p. 319.. 3. Cited by Baylay, op. cit., p. 319. 4. Ibid. p. 319 & note 4. E. Denison Ross, (Trans.), An Arabic History of Gujarat (narutvavAdi ve munnAra va mA)i, Vol. I, p. 229 6. Akbarnama, (akUpAra kRta karavAmA) (Eng. trans. by H. Beve ridge), Vol. I, p. 320 f. juo gaM. 1, pR. 218-220. 6. Denison Ross, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 260 8. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtano sAMskRtika ItihAsa: islAma yuga', khaMDa 4, pR. 927 6. Akbarnama, Vol. III, pp. 8 f.; Tabakat-i-Akbari, Trans. by H. M. Elliot and J. Dowson, History of India, Vol. V, p. 342Hi sisalmi AvyuM che ke sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 3 jo akabara pAse khUba vinayapUrvaka gayo hato ane akabare enA pratye mAyALu vartana batAvyuM hatuM. 20 Akbarnama, Vol. III, pp 11 f.; Elliot & Dowson, op. cit., Vol. | v, p. 343; "mIrAte ehamadI' (guja. anu.) bhA. 1, pR. 4 99. Akbarnama, Vol. III, pp. 13 f. 12. Ibid, pp. 32 f; "mIrAte ahamadI (guja. anu.), bhA. 1, pR. 111-112 13. J. J. Modi, The Parsis at the Court of Akbar and Dastur Meherji Rana, p. 185 f.-cited by Commissariat; op. cit., Vol. I, p. 514n. 28. Akbarnama, Vol. III, p. 37; F. C. Danvers, The Portuguese in India, Vol. II, p. 4 14. Akbarnama, Vol. III, pp. 73 f.; Elliot and Dowson. op. cit., Vol. , pp. 365 f; " mIrAte ehamadI' (guja. anu), bhA. 1, pR. 120-121 15. Akbarnama, Vol. III, pp. 10ff.

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- prakaraNa 3 akabarathI auraMgajheba (1) akabarane rAjyaamala (I.sa. 1572-73thI I.sa. 1605) mughala zahenazAha akabare eka varSanA gALAmAM gujarAta para be vAra caDAI karI jIta meLavI. chevaTe gujarAtane mughala sAmrAjyano eka prAMta banAvyo (I.sa. 1572-73) ne I.sa. 1605 sudhImAM ATha jeTalA mughala subedAro dvArA gujarAtano vahIvaTa calAvyo. mIrajhA ajhIjha keka (I.sa. 1573-75). gujarAta para bIjI vAra jIta meLavyA bAda akabare taLa-gujarAtanI pAkI vyavasthA goThavI. mIrajhA ajhIjha kokA, je khAna Ajhama' tarIke jANItuM hatuM, tenI sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka karI. "mirAte ahamadIno lekhaka kahe che te mujaba gujarAtamAM jyAre muslima sulatAnanI sattA sarvopari hatI tyAre emanA aMkuza nIce 25 sarakAra athavA jillA hatA. akabare jayAre gujarAta para kAbU meLavyo tyAre emAMnA 16 jillAo para mughala sattA sthapAI hatI. ajhIjha kekAnI sUbAgIrI daramyAna je sauthI mahattvano banAva banyo te gujarAtamAM rAjA ToDaramalanA Agamanane hato. rAjA TeDaramale gujarAtamAM che mahinA rahI, 10 varSa mATe mahesUla-paddhati nakkI karI. "tabakAte akabarI'mAM jaNAvyA pramANe gujarAtamAM I.sa. 1574-75 daramyAna bhAre dukALa ane prANaghAtaka cepI rogano upadrava phelAyelo hato. cha mAsa sudhI rahelI AvI ApattimAM cIjonI asahya meMghavArI thaI hatI. zrImaMta temaja garIba leka potAnAM makAna choDIne paradeza jatA rahyA hatA. A dukALa ane rogacALA aMge A samayanA bIjA ItihAsa lekhake e kaMI nirdeza karyo nathI.

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mughala kAla jhi mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAne gujarAtamAMthI parata bolAvavAnI akabarane pharaja paDI hatI. e samayamAM evI paddhati hatI ke manasabadAro pAse rAjyanI mAlikInA gheDA hoya teonA zarIra para "dAga' (DAgha-nizAna) pADavA, jethI karIne beTI rIte noMdhaNI ane goTALo aTakAvI zakAya. akabare A dAga dhAro' gujarAtamAM lAgu karavA khAna Ajhamane pharamAna mokalAvyuM, paNa gujarAtanA amIro, jemanA vizeSAdhikAra ane hakkone A dhArAthI avaLI asara thatI hatI, teoe e pharamAnane sakhata virodha karyo. AjhamakhAnane rUbarUmAM belAvIne paNa Ane amala karavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM, paraMtu pharamAnane amala karavAne e virodhI hato tethI akabare ene sUbedArapadethI dUra karyo. mIrajhA abadura rahImakhAna (I.sa. 1575-78) akabare ajhIjha kekAnI jagyAe baherAmakhAnanA putra abbararahImakhAnanI sUbedAra tarIke nimaNuka karI, paraMtu e kevaLa 22 varSane levAthI ene rAjyavahIvaTamAM madada karavA nAyaba tarIke vajhIrakhAnane mokalavAmAM Avyo ne prAgadAsa nAmanA eka anubhavI hiMdune dIvAna tarIke nImavAmAM Avyo. mIrajhA abdararahImakhAnanA vahIvaTa daramyAna keTalAka banAva banyA. .sa. 1575 mAM akabaranI mAtA hamIdAbAnuM ane janAnAnI bIjI strIo makkA haja javA mATe nIkaLI ne surata AvI te vakhate gujarAtanA dariyAI jaLaviratAra para phiraMgIonuM varcasa hevAthI saphara mATe emano paravAno te paDayo. I.sa. 1576 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM mughala viruddha zirohI, IDara ane nAMdodamAM thayelAM baMDa samAvI devAmAM AvyAM ne virodhI hiMdu rAjAone tAbe dAra banAvavAmAM AvyA. gujarAtanI vahIvaTI vyavasthA vajhIrakhAna barAbara goThavI zakaryo na hato tethI akabare I. sa. 1577 mAM rAjA ToDaramalane mokalyo. eNe gujarAtamAM AvI zirohI, DuMgarapura ane dakSiNa gujarAtanA rAmanagara (dharamapura) rAjyanA rAjapUta rAjAone mutsaddIgIrIthI vaza karI, emane manasabadAronI vividha kakSAo ApI mughala sAmrAjyanA TekedAra banAvyA. ToDaramala gujarAtamAM hatA tyAre ahIM eka baMDa thayuM. 157ramAM ThAsarAnI laDAImAM hArI gayelA ane paMjAba nAsI gayelA ibrAhIma husena mIrajhAnI patnI gularUkha begame pitAnA kizora vayanA putra mujhaphahusena sAthe gujarAtamAM pravezI baMDa karyuM. rAjA ToDaramala, bAjha bahAdura, dIvAna prAgadAsa vageree maLIne e baLavAkhorone

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3ju] akabarathI auraMgajheba [5 harAvyA (I.sa. 1577). mIrajhA kuTuMbe avAranavAra mughala sattAne paDakArI hatI chatAM akabare e kuTuMbanA sabhyone mAphI ApI. nAyaba subedAra vajhIrakhAnane vahIvaTa asaMtoSakAraka hovAthI akabare have ziha buddIna ahamadakhAna(zihAbakhAna)ne sUbedAra tarIke mokalyo (I.sa.1578). zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAna (I.sa. 1578-83). zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAne moDAsA pradezamAM sAbaramatI ane mahI nadI vaccenA keTalAka bhAgamAM tophAnI tane lIdhe prajAnI thatI kanaDagata dhyAnamAM laI baMdobasta karavA kilA baMdhAvyA ane emAM ghoDesavAra TukaDIo sAthe thANa sthApyAM. keTalIka jagyAe jamInanI mApaNIthI lokomAM asaMtoSa vyA hato tyAM bIjI vAra mApaNI karAvI. saurASTra vibhAgamAM I.sa. 1573 pachI ane lagabhaga tyArathI 20 varSa sudhI mughala sattA pUrepUrI sthapAI na hatI. tyAM agragaNya gaNAtAM jUnAgaDhamAMnI sahatanata vakhatanI sUbAgIrI ane navAnagara (jAmanagara)nuM rAjya haju sudhI svataMtra hatAM. jUnAgaDha bathAvI paDelI amInakhAna gherIne tAbe karavAmAM vajhIrakhAnano prayAsa niSphaLa gayo hato. I.sa. 1582 mAM zihAbuddIna gujarAtane sUbo banatAM amInakhAnanA eka senApati phattehakhAna zeravAnIe junAgaDha kabaje karIne mughala samrATanI sattA nIce lAvavAmAM madada karavAnI taiyArI batAvI. enI sAthe zihAbuddIne pitAnA bhatrIjA mIrajhA jAnane cAra hajAranA lazkara sAthe mokalyA. amInakhAne navAnagaranA jAma zatruzalyanI madada meLavI sakhata sAmano karyo. vaLI A samaye pharAhakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM mIrajhA jAnane ghero uThAvI levAnI pharaja paDI. e pachI eNe mAMgaroLane ghero ghAlyo, paraMtu chevaTe amInakhAna ane jAmanAM lazkaroe ene keDInAra pAse harAvyuM, jemAM e. pote ghavAyo ane bhAre muzkelIthI amadAvAda sudhI jaI zakyo. itimAdakhAna (I.sa. 1583) zihAbuddIkhAnane parata bolAvyA pachI gujarAtanA jUnA ane sauthI vadhu vagadAra amIra ItimAdakhAnanI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI (I.sa. 1583). nimaNUka samaye ItimAdakhAna pAse jAgIra tarIke pATaNa jille hato ane gujarAtamAM zAhI jamInano e rakhevALa hato. enI damAMmada

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4] sughala kAla y: akabare peAtAnA khAsa vizvAsu amIra aNu turAbane sUbedAranA amIna tarIke akhUkAsIma nAmanA adhikArIne dIvAna tarIke ane ' tAkAte akabarI 'nA lekhaka khvAjA nijhAmuddIna ahamadane akSI tarIke nImyA. vaLI mIr mAsUma bharI nAmanA eka bIjA darabArIne ItimAdakhAnanI madadamAM mUkavAmAM AvyeA. A badhI nimaNUka spaSTa batAvI Ape che ke akabarane pratimAdakhAnanI vahIvaTI zaktimAM zraddA na hatI athavA teA ene enI vAdArI vize zaMkA hatI. game te kAraNu hAI zake, paraMtu tamAdakhAnanI nimaNUka thatAM ane enu` amadAvAdamAM Agamana thatAM ja mAjI sulatAna mujhaphrUra 3 jAnA khaMDaneA AraMbha thayAnA saMketa zarU thayA. akabare 1573 mAM gujarAta jItyA bAda sulatAna mujhaphUrane mAnahita rAkhyA hatA ane nAnI jAgIra ApI khvAjA zAha manasUra nAmanA adhikArInA jAptA nIce mUkatho hateA, paraMtu I.sa. 1578 mAM lAga joIne mujhaphphara e kedamAMthI nAsI chUTaSo ane pahelAM rAjapIpaLA (jillA bharUca)nA hiMdu rAjA pAse te pachI rAjakATa pAse AvelA kheraDInA kAThI sukhI leAmA khumANanA AAzraye gaye.. lagabhaga I. sa. 1583 sudhI mujhaphphara guptavAsamAM rahyo. akabaranA adhikArIe paNa enI avagaNanA karatA rahyA. mujhaphphara gAdI punaH meLavavAnI yeAgya takanI rAha jotA hatA. RtimAdakhAnanI nimaNUka gujarAtanA sukhedAra tarIke thatAM batAvAnI paraparA zarU thaI. mujhaphphare mu%0la sattA sAme baMDa peAkAyu" ane lazkarI tAkAta sa'gaThita karavA mAMDI. khIjI bAjue khaMDanA samAcAra sAMbhaLI ItimAdakhAte gujarAtamAMthI nivRtta thaI, dilhI taraph javA nIkaLelA zihAmuddInaneA sahakAra meLavI e baMDaneA sAmate karavA vicAyu. ane kaDI (jillo mahesANA) jaI enI sAthe samAdhAna karyuM. A arasAmAM mujhaphtare amadAvAdanA kabajo karI lIdhA. itimAdakhAna ane zihAmuddIna pUrajhaDape amadAvAda dhasI AvyA, paraMtu mujhaphphare e tenAM lazkAne harAvyAM te veravikhera karI nAkhyAM. e pachI mujhaphphare 11 varSanA gALA khAda gujarAtanA sulatAnanuM pada pharI grahaNa karyuM" (sapTembara 4, 1583). eNe amadAvAdanI uttare tathA dakSiNe AvelAM zahera ane jillA kabaje karavA khUba jhaDapI pagalAM lIdhAM. khaLa vAparIte, dhAkadhamakI ApIne ke kapaTathI mujhaphrazAhe khabhAta bharUca ane vaDeAdarA jevAM samRddha ane dhanavAna zahera kabaje karyAM.

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3] - akabarathI ragajheba gujarAtamAM sarjAyelI kaTokaTInA samAcAra sAMbhaLI, akabare pATaNa nAsI gayelA ItimAdakhAnane gujarAtamAMthI pAchA lAvI gujarAta puna: kabaje karavA mATe mIrajhA abdurrahImakhAnanI sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka karI. abadura rahIma khAna ure mIrajhAkhAna" (I.sa. 1583-89) abdurrahImakhAna "mIrajhAkhAna" tarIke jANIto che. mIrajhAkhAnanI madadamAM mALavA ane ajameranA mughala senApatione paNa lazkara sahita mokalavAmAM AvyA. mIrajhAkhAne gujarAtamAM AvI amadAvAda pAse sarakheja najIka mujhaphapharazAhane harAvyo (1584, jAnyuArI 16)ne ene pahelAM mahemadAvAda ane pachI khaMbhAta javAnI pharaja paDI. khaMbhAta jaI eNe potAnI lazkarI tAkta saMgaThita karI. ene pIcho karatA mIrajhAkhAne ene pharI vAra rAjapIpaLAnA DuMgarAmAM nAMdoda (ji. bharUca) pAse harAvyo (mArca 10, 1584). mujhaphara tyAMthI nAsI jaI chevaTe IDaranA rAjAnA Azraye gaye. akabare abdurrahImakhAnanA vijaya meLavyAnA samAcAra jANI khuzAlI vyakta karI ene "khAna-I-khona' (umarAvane umarAva) biruda ApyuM, je abdurrahImakhAnanA pitAne paNa apAyuM hatuM. gujarAtamAM baLavo zamyAnuM jaNAtAM bIjA zAhI adhikArIo amadAvAda parata AvyA. mIrajhAkhAne gujarAtanI vahIvaTI vyavasthA goThavavAmAM mana parovyuM, sAthosAtha mujhaphapharane pIcho karavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. mujhaphapharano eka jagyAethI bIjI jagyAe pIcho karavAnuM kArya mughala adhikArIo mATe ghaNuM trAsadAyaka ane dasa varSa jeTalA lAMbA gALAnuM rahyuM. mujhaphara gujarAtathI saurASTramAM ane tyAM na phAvatAM pAko gujarAtamAM nAsabhAga karato rahyo ane mughala TukaDIe enI pUMTha pakaDatI rahI. mIrajhAkhAnanI tAkIda ane dhamakIothI sthAnika zAsake mujhapharane madada karatAM DaratA rahyA.5 1589 mAM mIrajhAkhAnane dilhI pAchA bolAvAmAM Avyo. TUMka samaya mATe IsmAIla kulI khAnanI sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. e pachI mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA khAna AjhamanI A hoddA para bIjI vAra nimaNUka thaI. mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1590-153) . khAna Ajhama gujarAtamAM Ave tyAre gujarAtanI sthiti azAMta hatI. lazkarI sattA kulIkhAna ane zekha nijhAmuddIna pAse hatI. emaNe vAraMvAra mujhaphapharano

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48]. bula kAla pri. pIcho karI ene koI jagyAe sthiratAthI rahevA dIdho na hato. nijhAmuddIne karachanA rAvane namAvIne mAphI magAvI hatI. sAmAjika kSetre joIe te rAjA ToDaramale nakkI kareluM jamIna-mahesUla daphataromAM nedhAyeluM hatuM, paraMtu ene amala khAsa karAyo na hato. rAjapUto ane koLI ThAkoro, jemane lazkarI vyavasthA mATe saltanata kAlamAM sarakArI bhAganI jamIne apAI hatI. temaNe A samaya sudhImAM jamIna pacAvI pADI hatI. meTA jamInadAroe paNa je hAtha lAge te jamIna pacAvI pADavAnuM zarU karyuM hatuM. mughala amaladAra paNa mana phAve tevI rIte lAgA ugharAvatA. Ama gujarAtanI rAjakIya ane sAmAjika sthiti mujhaphapharanA chellI vAranA baMDa mATe anukULa Ave evI hatI. mughala adhikArIo ane vahIvaTakAra laDAI-yuddhonI doDAdoDImAM vahIvaTI vyavasthA barAbara jALavI zakyA na hatA e hakIkata noMdhapAtra hatI. mIrajhA ajhIjha kekAnI nimaNuka thatAM e jUna 1590mAM gujarAta AvI pahe. enI mahecchA saurASTramAM Azraya meLavI rahelA mujhaphapharane ane ene Teke ApI rahelA enA sAthIone namAvI, vaza karI, kAyama mATe zAMti sthApI, saurASTrane mughala sAmrAjyano bhAga banAvavAnI hatI. e mATe eNe jaMgI taiyArI karI. ene khabara maLyA ke sulatAna mujhaphapharanI senA sAthe enA TekedAronI senA maLI gaI che ane eka moTuM samavAyI mitronuM lazkara moTI saMkhyAmAM racAI gayuM che, jemAM navAnagarane jAma, junAgaDhanA saddagata amInakhAna gherIne putra daulata khAna ane kAThI lemA khumANa hatA. AthI ajhIjha kekAe pite ja mughala sainyanI AgevAnI lIdhI ne bharacomAsuM hovA chatAM navAnagara tarapha kUca karI. mujhaphaphara sahitanA baLavAkhoronuM lazkara lagabhaga trIsa hajAranuM hatuM, jyAre ajhIjha kekAnuM lagabhaga dasa hajAranuM hatuM. comAsAne lIdhe vAtAvaraNa pratikuLa hatuM ane mughala sainya aneka hADamArI bhagavatuM hatuM chatAM baMne pakSo vacce La pAse "bhUcara merInAme oLakhAtA sthaLe bhAre laDAI thaI (julAI 18, 1591), jemAM rAjapUta emanI praNAlikAgata rIte viratApUrvaka laDyA jAmano moTo putra ajojI ane pradhAna jasAjI emAM khapI gayA. ghavAyelo daulatakhAna ghorI pitAnI senA sAthe raNamedAna choDI jUnAgaDha tarapha jato rahyo. kaDIo pahelethI ja jatA rahyA hatA. sulatAna mujhaphaphare ane jAme baraDAnA DuMgarAmAM Azraya lIdho. Ama bhUcara morInI laDAImAM mughaleno valaMta vijaya thayo. saurASTranI bhUmi para laDAyelI keTalIka laDAIo paikI

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3juM] akabarathI oraMgajheba [49 bhUcara morInI laDAI bhAre spardhAtmaka, lazkarI daSTie nirNAyaka ane jaMgI pAyA para laDAyelI moTI chellI laDAI hatI, tethI enI yAda lekakathAo ane lekasAhityamAM sacavAyelI rahI che. mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAe bhUcara morInI laDAIne bIje divase navAnagara para kUca karI e zahera lUMTayuM. jUnAgaDha kabaje karavAne paNa prayatna karyo, paNa pratikULa saMjogonA kAraNe e prayAsa paDato mUkyo, paraMtu bIje varSe 1592 mAM e samagra saurASTra jItavAnA nirNaya sAthe pUratI taiyArI karIne Avyo. TUMka samayamAM ja ghoghA mAMgaroLa somanAtha vagere soraTha tAbAnAM baMdara jItI lIdhAM. jUnAgaDhano killo traNa mahinAnA gherA bAda kabaje karyo (ogasTa 27, 1592). jUnAgaDhanA gherA daramyAna dolatakhAna avasAna pAmyo hato, tethI ajhIjha kokAe udAratA batAvI enA be sagIra putro ane bIjA 50 AgevAnene jIvatadAna ApyuM. e pachI samagra saurASTramAM mughala sattA daDhapaNe sthapAI. ghaNuM rAjapUta ThAkara mughala sattAne adhIna thayA. jUnAgaDha sahita dakSiNa ane pazcima saurASTrane samagra dariyAkAMThe "khAlasA jamIna" tarIke mughala sAmrAjyamAM joDI devAmAM Avyo. navAnagaranA jAme rAjya gumAvyuM hatuM, tethI eNe ajhIjha kekA sAthe vATAghATa karI, samAdhAna karI, mughala sattAnA tAbedAra banavAnuM svIkArI, rAjya pAchuM meLavyuM. saurASTranA rakSaNa mATe jUnAgaDhamAM phejadAranI nimaNUka thavA lAgI. jAmanagara saurASTramAM hovA chatAM ene alaga jamInadArI rAjya gaNavAmAM AvyuM ne enI khaMDaNI nakakI karAI. jAmanagara ane kacchanAM rAjya mughala sAmrAjyamAM khaMDiyAM rAjyanuM sthAna bhogavatAM rahyAM. bhUcara morInA medAnamAMthI nAsI chUTelA ane saMtAtA pharatA mujhaphapharano pIche karI ajhIjha kekAe ene keda karavA zakya teTalA prayAsa karyo. mujhaphUdara dvArakA thaI dariyA mArge kaccha pahoMcI gayo. kacchanA rAva bhAramale ene Azraya Ape, paNa ajhIjha kekAe kaccha para kUca karavAnI dhamakI ApatAM rAva bhAramale merabI paragaNuM pitAne ApavAmAM Ave to mujhaphaphara soMpI devAnI taiyArI batAvI, jene ajhIjha kekAe svIkAra karyo. chevaTe mujhaphapharane kedI tarIke pakaDavAmAM Avyo (Disembara 23, 1592) ane merabI tarapha laI javAmAM Avyo. mArgamAM mujhaphaphare dhamaDakA gAme ApaghAta karyo. mujhaphapharanA matanI khAtarI karAvavA enuM zira nijhAmuddIna esI mAraphate akabaranA darabAramAM mokalI ApavAmAM AvyuM ' + T' , - *

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50] mughala kAle [ma mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAe gujarAtamAM mughala sattA sthApavAnI ane baMDAra mujhaphapharane aMta lAvavAnI je yazasvI kAmagIrI karI tenI akabaranA darabAramAM bhAre prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI. ene saMmAna mATe darabAramAM lAvavAmAM Avyo, paNa eNe AgrA nahi jatAM verAvaLa baMdare thaIne makkA haja javAnuM pasaMda karyuM (mArca 25, 1593). akabarane enuM valaNa gamyuM nahi chatAM eNe ene kSamya gaNyuM. zAhajAde murAda (I.sa. 1593-99) mIrajhA ajhIjha kAkA makkAnI haje jatAM akabare pitAnA bIjA zAhajAdA murAdane gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nImyA. ene spaSTa Adeza ApavAmAM Avyo hato ke dakhkhaNanA ahamadanagara rAjya sAme caDAI karavA tAre gujarAta ane bhALavAmAMthI lazkara ekatra karavAM. dakhaNanI caDAI mATe 1594 nA DisembaramAM murAde amadAvAda cheDayuM ane e surata javA nIkaLyo. murAda amadAvAda choDe e agAu akabare gujarAtamAM vahIvaTa calAvavA sUbedAranA nAyaba tarIke rAjA sUrajasiMhanI nimaNUka karI hatI. dakhkhaNanI caDAIne kAraNe mughala adhikArIonI gujarAtamAM gerahAjarI thavAthI marahUma sulatAna mujhaphapharanA zAhajAdA bahAdure 1596 mAM baMDa karyuM. ene lAbha lUTaphATa karanArAM tatvoe lIdhe ane emaNe gAmaDAM tUTayAM, paraMtu rAjA sUrajasiMhe baMDakhora bahAdura sAme jaIne ene khulI laDAImAM harAvI nAsI javA pharaja pADI ane baMDa zamAvI dIdhuM. dakhaNamAM gayelA zAhajAdA murAdanuM 30 varSanI vaye 1299mAM akALa avasAna thatAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke pharI vAra mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAne nImavAmAM AvyA. mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA (trIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1600-1605) enI trIjI vAranI sUbedArI daramyAna eNe gujarAtane vahIvaTa AgrA rahIne calAvyuM. e mATe eNe vArApharatI potAnA nAyaba tarIke zamsaddIna ane zAdamAna nAmanA pitAnA putrone nImyA hatA. enA vahIvaTa daramyAna gujarAtamAM koI khAsa noMdhapAtra banAva banyA na hatA. gujarAtamAM akabaranA amala daramyAna phiraMgIonuM sthAna gujarAtanA dariyAI jaLavistAramAM kevuM hatuM enI khAsa neMdha levI joIe. akabare gujarAta para jIta meLavI (1572-73) tyAM sudhImAM phiraMgIo dariyAI jaLavistAra para binaharIpha varcasa bhogavatA thaI gayA hatA. gujarAtanAM baMdaroethI hakArAtAM

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7 ju] akabarathI auraMgajheba vepArIonAM ke pravAsIonAM jahAjone emanI pAsethI amuka rakama (lAgo) ApI paravAno levo paDato. mughala samrATanAM vepArI jahAjone ke zAhI kuTuMbanAM yAtrAe jatAM pravAsI jahAjone paNa emanA taraphathI mukti apAI na hatI. e : mayamAM dIva damaNa ane vasaI phiraMgI tAbAnAM vepArathI dhIkatAM baMdara hatAM. damaNa baMdara 1559mAM phiraMgIoe gujarAtanA sulatAna pAsethI meLavyuM hatuM. "akabaranAmA'mAM jaNAvyuM che te mujaba akabare phebruArI 1580mAM mIrajhA ajhIjha koDAnA kAkA kubuddInakhAna, jene bharUcanI jAgIra apAI hatI, tene damaNa para AkramaNa karavA hukama Apyo hato. haja karavA jatAM yAtrIone mArgamAM avarodha UbhA karatA phiraMgIone hAMkI kADhavA mATenA zAhI lazkarane gujarAta ane mALavAnA sUbedAronI tathA dakhaNanA hAkemonI paNa sahAya maLI. damaNa para mughalenI caDAInuM pariNAma zuM AvyuM ene ullekha abula phale karyo nathI, paraMtu phiraMgI AdhAro parathI jANavA maLe che ke mughalanA e AkramaNane phiraMgI kaptAna mArTina ArphAnso-da-meloe niSphaLa banAvI dIdhuM hatuM ne mughala senApatine ghere uThAvI levAnI pharaja paDI hatI. 1deg e noMdhapAtra vijayanI yAdagIrI damaNanA killAnA daravAjA paranI phiraMgI bhASAmAM lakhAyelI takatI para jovA maLe che. e parathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke akabarane phiraMgIo pAsethI damaNa levAmAM niSphaLatA maLI hatI. | gujarAtamAM akabaranA amalanI eka noMdhapAtra ghaTanA e che ke hi. sa. 900 (1572-73)thI amadAvAdanI zAhI TaMkazALamAM mughala zahenazAhanA sikkA pADavAno AraMbha thayo. A sikkA hi.sa. 980 thI mughala sattA gujarAtamAM TakI tyAMsudhI pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. (2) jahAMgIrane rAjya-amala (I sa. 1605-27) mughala bAdazAha jahAMgIranA rAjya-amala daramyAna gujarAtamAM ATha jeTalA mughala sUbedAra AvI gayA. kulIjhakhAna ane rAjA vikramajita (I.sa. 1605-06). jahAMgIre pitAnA zAsananA AraMbhamAM mokalelA sUbedAremAM prathama subedAra kulIjhakhAna hato, je ucca umarAva hato ane akabaranA samayathI gujarAta prAMtanI sevAmAM hato. kulIjhakhAnanI bAgIrIne samaya sAmAnya rahyo. emAM rAjA vikramajite paNa kAmagIrI bajAvI hatI. 1606 mAM kulIjhakhAnane paMjAbamAM rauzanI nAmanA dharmajhanUnI loko sAme laDavA mokalavAmAM Avyo. e

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mughala kAle [ 5 vakhate gujarAtamAM mAjI sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 3 jAnA zAhajAdA bahAdure amadAvAdanI AsapAsanA vistAra para halA karI, lUMTaphATa calAvI ane ghaNA zAhI adhikArIonI hatyA karI sanasanATI macAvI dIdhI, AthI jahAMgIre rAjA vikramajita ane anya manasabadArone cha thI sAta hajAranA hayadaLa sAthe guja. rAtamAM zAMti sthApavA mokalyA. rAjA vikramajite gujarAtamAM AvI bahAduranA hullaDane zamAvI dIdhuM ane vyavasthA sthApI; jeke kulIjhakhAnanI jema rAjA vikramajita paNa amadAvAda khAte thoDA samaya mATe ja sUbedArapade rahyo. murtajhAkhAna bukhArI (I.sa. 1606-9) rAjA vikramajitanI vidAya pachI zekha pharIda bukhArI, jenuM bahumAna murtajhAkhAna" khitAba ApIne karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, tene sUbedAra tarIke mokalavAmAM Avyo. zekha pharIde jahAMgIrane gAdI para lAvavAmAM noMdhapAtra bhAga bhajavyo hato, tethI enI kadararUpe jahAMgIre gujarAtanuM sUbedArapada ene ApyuM hatuM. zekha pharIde potAne amala daramyAna amadAvAdamAM traNa daravAjA pAse bukhArI mahello vasAvyo. kaDI(ji. mahesANA)nuM nyUhAtmaka mahatva jaNAtAM eNe tyAM kille baMdhAvya (1609).11 e killAnA daravAjAnI dIvAla paranA lekhamAM murtajhAkhAnane lazkarI vIratA ane vidvAnonI saMgata e baMnemAM pravINa kahyo che ane "enA nyAyI vahIvaTathI gujarAta bukhArA jevuM banyuM" hovAnI neMdha che. eNe amadAvAdamAM khAnapura vistAramAM zAha vajihuddInanI kabara para roje baMdhAvyuM hatuM ane bharUcamAM eka marijada baMdhAvI hatI (1609). 1608 nA aMtamAM jahAMgIre murtajhAkhAnane parata bolAvavA nakkI karyuM, kAraNa ke matajhAkhAnanA saMbaMdhIo ane AzritAe amadAvAdanI prajAne raMjADavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM ane murtajhAkhAna pite emane aTakAvI zakato na hato. have jahAMgIre pharI vAra gujarAtanI sUbedArI mIrajhA ajhIjha kokA-khAna Ajhamane soMpI. mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA (4thI vAra) (1609-1611) nakkI e rIte karAyuM hatuM ke khAna Ajhame mughala rAjadhAnImAM rahevuM ane enA moTA putra jahAMgIra kulIkhAne (mIrajhA zasuddIne) pitAnA nAyaba tarIke gujarAtamAM javuM (navembara 13, 1608).12 jahAMgIra kulIkhAne TUMkA samaya mATe nAyaba sUbedAra tarIke vahIvaTa calAvyuM. 16 9 mAM khAna AjhamanA bIjA putra mIrajhA muramane soraTha vistAra mATe jUnAgaDha khAtenI sarakArano vahIvaTa calAvavA mekalavAmAM Avyo.

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OM ju' ] akabarathI aura'gajhema [ 53 1609 mAM gujarAtanI pUrva sarahade keTalAka hiMdu rAjAonI baLavAkhAra pravRttine DAmI devA rAjA ToDaramalanA putra rAya geApInAthane tathA jodhapuranA rAjA sUrisaMha ane bIjAne gujarAta meAkalavAmAM AvyA. rAya ge|pInAthe mALavA dvArA gujarAta AvI, surata jillAmAM pravezI sthAnika jamInadArA pAsethI khaDaNI ugharAvI ane revAkAMThAmAM khAlapADa( tA. kheArasada, ji. kheDA)nA DAkArane harAvI kaida karyAM. bIjI bAjue dhaNA hiMdu saradArAe kALIlAkAne ekatra karI, meTu La jamAvI, rAjA sUrisaha para hallo karI, enA dhaNA rAjapUta sainikAne kApI nAkhyA, rAya gopInAthe amadAvAda AvI, vadhu lazkara laI mAMDavA(tA. kherALu, ji. mahesANA)nA saradArane harAvI kaida karyAM. bIjI eka laDAImAM kAMkaja(ji. anAsakAMThA)nA kALIenA ThAkeArane paNa harAvI keda karyAM. e traNe keda pakaDAyelA dAkArAne bAdazAha jahAMgIranI AjJAthI keTaleAka vakhata gvAliyaranA killAmAM keda rakhAyA, paraMtu bhaviSyamAM sArA vyavahAra rAkhavAnuM vacana ApatAM emane mukta karavAmAM AvyA.13 1609-10 nA samayamAM gujarAta para dakhkhaNamAMthI AkramaNa thayuM. dakhkhaNu nijhamazAhI sulatAnanA prakhyAta senApati ane maMtrI malika aMbara, je e samaya daulatAbAdane! mUbedAra hatA, teNe 50 hajAra gheADesavAranA daLa sAthe Ane surata ane vaDeAdarA jillAnAM gAmeAmAM lUMTaphATa macAvI, jevI jhaDapathI AvyA hateA tevI jhaDape, e jateA rahyo. malika aMbaranA AkramaNathI dakSiNa gujarAtanAM saMrakSaNa ane salAmatI mATe prAMtanI pUrva sarahade rAmanagara ( dharamapura ) khAte lagabhaga 25 hajAranuM gheADesavAra daLa rAkhavAmAM Avyu. e daLa uparAMta jarUra paDe te mughala sUbedArane madada karavA mATe khaMDiyA hiMdu rAjAone paNa Adeza apAyA. e daLamAM kAnA taraphathI keTalI saMkhyAmAM ghoDesavAra TukaDIe mekalavAmAM AvI enI vigata 'mirAte ahamadI'17amAM ApavAmAM AvI che. hiMdu rAjAemAM kaccha navAnagara IDara DuMgarapura vAMsavADA rAmanagara rAjapIpaLA alIrAjapura tathA alImeAhana (breATAudepura)ne samAveza thatA hateA. abdullAkhAna phIrojha jaga (I.sa. 1611-16) 1611mAM mIrjhA ajhIjhakeAkAnA sthAne gujarAtanA mUkhAmAM abdullAkhAna bahAdura phIrejha joMga nAmanA vizvAsu ane cha hajAranuM gheADesavAraLa dharAvatA manasabadAranI nimaNUka sUbedAra tarIke karavAmAM AvI, para Mtu abdullAkhAnane meATA bhAganA samaya nijhAmazAhI senApati malika aMbarane kacaDI nAkhavAnI

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54] mughala kAla kAmagIrI bajAvatA mughala senApatio sAthe viye. abdullAkhAnanI sUbedArInA chellA varSamAM amadAvAda khAtenI aMgrejonI vepArI keThI sAthenA navA sthapAyelA saMbaMdha kevA hatA enI keTalIka vigata sara Tomasa rAnI naMdhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. e mujaba subedAra abdullAkhAne dakhaNanI savArIethI pAchA AvyA bAda, keDInA adhikArIoe potAnA 500 rUpiyA pAchA ApavA mAgaNI karI tyAre emanA makAnano kabaje lazkarI baLathI levA eNe koTavAlane mokalyo. e vakhate teoe ene sAmano karyo. sara masaronI vinaMtIthI dilhInA dIvAna asaphakhAne abdullAkhAna para patra lakhI aMgrejone emanA nivAsasthAnamAM svataMtratAthI rahevA devAnI ane vepAra karavA devAnI nIti apanAvavAno Adeza Apyo. 14 1616 nA ja varSamAM abdullAkhAnane enI kaDaka zAsananItinA kAraNe jahAMgIre parata bolAvI lIdho. abdullAkhAnanA samayamAM amadAvAda kevuM hatuM ene hevAla viliyama kinca na mane eka aMgreja pravAsI, je 1611 mAM amadAvAda AvIne TUMka samaya mATe rahyo hato, tenI noMdha parathI ane 1613mAM amadAvAdamAM TUMka samaya mATe rahevA Avela aMgreja vepArI nikolasa vithiMgTananI rojanIzI dvArA jANavA maLe che. 15 abdullAkhAnanA samayamAM I.sa. 1616 mAM amadAvAdamAM zAha somapAlanA putra rUpacaMdanI traNe patnIo-rUpazrI kamA ane kesara-pati sAthe agnisnAna karI satI thaI (eprila, 1616). A prasaMganI noMdha eka kUvAnI dIvAla para jaDelI takatInA lekhamAM jovA maLe che.? mukabakhAna (I.sa. 616-1618) abdullAkhAnanA anugAmI tarIke mukarabakhAna nAmanA amIrane pasaMda karavAmAM Avyo. mukarabakhAne surata ane khaMbhAtanAM baMdaronA musadI (phojadAra) tarIke kAmagIrI (1608-15) bajAvI hatI ane e keTalAya samayathI pitAne gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nImavA vAraMvAra AgrahabharI mAgaNI karI rahyo hato. baMdarAnA sUbedAra tarIkenA vahIvaTa daramyAna mukarabakhAne jahAMgIrane yuropIya banAvaTanI kiMmatI nAnImeTI bheTasogAde mokalIne ane vaidyakIya sAravAra karIne khuza karyo hato 1613 mAM jahAMgIre ene phiraMgIo sAme laDIne badale levA hukama karyo hato ane 1615 mAM eno manasAbane hado vadhArI pAMca hajAra ghoDesavAra daLane karyo hato. bIjA varSe eTale ke 1616 mAM ene sUbedArapada ApavAmAM AvyuM, paraMtu ene vahIvaTamAM rasa na hato ane yuddhanI kAmagIrIne paNa anubhava na hato. e mAtra jahAMgIranI kRpAthI sUbedAra pade

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OM ju' ] akabarathI ora'gajhe [55 AvyA hatA, tethI ene madada karavA muhammada sAphIkhAnane dIvAna ane bakSI tarIke nImavAmAM AvyuM|. 1618 nA AraMbhamAM samrATa jahAMgIre amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre mukara khakhAna amadAvAdamAM hatA ane eNe jahAMgIranA lAMbA samaya sudhInA amadAvAdanA nivAsanI tamAma vyavasthA karI hatI. mughala bAdazAha jahAMgIre pUrAM pAMca varSa ane cAra mahinA ( sapTembara 1617 thI jAnyuArI, 1619) sudhI rAjadhAnI AgrA che|DI ajamera tema mALavA ane gujarAtanA prAMtAno pravAsa karyAM, je teAMdhapAtra che. pravAsa daramyAna eNe ajamera mAMThu ane amadAvAdamAM lAMkhA samaya sudhI rahI je pravRttie karI tenA hevAla sara >=masa rAnI noMdhapothImAMthI maLI Ave che. sara rAte iMglaeNnDanA rAjA jemsa 1 lAe peAtAnA elacI tarIke mughala bAdazAha pAse meAkalyA hatA. sara re| jahAMgIrane 1615 nA aMtamAM ajamera khAte maLyeA hateA ane peAtAnA rasAlA sAthe e jahAMgIranI sathe sAthe sapTembara 1618 sudhI karyAM hatA. gujarAtane pravAsa karavA jahAMgIra mAMhUthI nIkaLI dAheAda AvI pahoMcya (Disembara 1, 1617). gujarAtanA pravAsa mATe jahAMgIre enA sasmaraNa graMthamAM mAMdhyu che ke peAtAne gujarAta prAMtanI mulAkAta levAnI tIvra icchA hatI. hAthIno zikAra je peAte kadI karyA na hatA te karavA hatA ane khArA samudra jAte jovA hatA.17 jahAMgIra naDiyAda ane peTalAda thaI khaMbhAta paheAMcyA (Disembara 19, 1617, jyAM e dasa divasa rahyo ane eNe dariyAI sapharanI mAja mANI. khaMbhAtathI nIkaLI (Disembara 30, 1617) jahAMgIre peAtAnA rasAlA sAthe mAtara paragaNA ane bArejA gAma thaIne amadAvAda zahera bahAra kAMkariyA taLAva para mukAma karyAM. jahAMgIre rAjadhAnI amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo te divase zAhajAdA zAhajahAMnI e 23 mI varSagAMTha hatI. hu MmezanI jema zAhajAdAne suvarNa ane anya cIjo sAme jokhavAmAM AvyA. e prasaMge jahAMgIre zAhajahAMne gujarAtanI jAgIra akSisa ApI ane enA sUbedAra tarIke nImyA (jAnyuArI 5, 1618). zAhajAdA zAhajahuM (I.sa. 1618-23) jo ke 1618 thI 1622 mAM AMtaravigraha phATI nIkaLatAM sudhI zAhajahAM gujarAtanA sUmedAra tarIke aupacArika rIte ja rahyo. e enA pitAnI sAthe ja gujarAta che!DI gaye| hatA ane vahIvaTI ta Mtra enA nAyaba tarIke ruratamakhAne (1618-22) ane pachIthI rAjA vikramAjite (1622-23) calAvyuM hatuM. dAheAdanAM jaMgalAmAM hAthIonA zikAranI meAja mANIne AmA pAchA pharavAnA nirdhAra sAthe jahAMgIre amadAvAdathI prayANa karyu. ( phebruArI 10,

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16] mughala mala [pra. 1618). vaTavA mahemadAvAda bAlAsinora thaIne mahI nadInA kAMThe mukAma karyo, jyAM navAnagaranA khaMDiyA rAjA jAme AvIne 50 ghoDAonI bheTa dharI pitAnI vaphAdArI batAvI. e pachI dAhoda AvI (mArca 10, 1618), tyAM mukAma karI paMcamahAlanAM jaMgalomAM hAthIone zikAra karyo. amadAvAdathI nIkaLyA bAda bAlAsinoramAM AvI pahoMcatAM ja ene samAcAra maLyA ke kAzmIramAM marakIne roga nIkaLyo che. dAhodamAM ene samAcAra ApavAmAM AvyA ke e roga AgrAmAM paNa zarU thayo che, AthI jahAMgIre AgrA javAnuM mAMDI vALI, amadAvAda pAchA pharavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane e pramANe prayANa karyuM (mArca 30, 1618). jahAMgIre amadAvAdamAM punaH praveza karyo (eprila 15, 1618), paraMtu je DarathI te AgrA na gayo te ja bhaya amadAvAdamAM Ubho thayo. amadAvAdamAM paNa marakIne roga dekhAyo ane jahAMgIra tathA zAhajahAM sahita tamAmane enI asara thaI. A vakhate enuM rokANa lagabhaga cha mahinA (eprila-sapaTembara 1618) sudhI rahyuM, paraMtu e samaya khUba garamI ane varasAdane hatA. amadAvAdamAM dhULathI trAsI jaI, me mahinAnI sakhata lU ane tAvathI nabaLA paDI tathA rogacALAthI kaMTALI jaI jahAMgIra zaheranI bIjI mulAkAtane AnaMda laI zakyo nahi ane eNe ene "gardAbAda jevuM upanAma ApyuM. zaherathI e kaMTALyo hato ema chatAM eNe bAdazAha tarIkenI sAmAnya pharajo bajAvI hatI. gujarAtamAM rahIne jahAMgIre paDAvelA rAzivALA sikkA ene zAsana daramyAna bahAra paDAyelA tamAma sikkAomAM khUba suMdara che ane prakhyAta che. gujarAtamAMthI bahAra pADavAmAM AvelA jahAMgIra ane nUrajahAMnuM nAma dharAvatA sikkA paNa eTalA ja mahatvanA che. jahAMgIranA darabAramAM aMgreja elacI sara Tomasa re lagabhaga traNa varSa (Disembara 23, 1615 thI sapTembara 24, 1618) rahyo. jo ke jahAMgIre enI pAsethI badhA prakAranI kiMmatI bheTa svIkArI ane keTalIka mAgI paNa kharI, chatAM sara ronI icchA mughala bAdazAha ane IMglenDanA rAjA vacce vidhisara karAra karavAnI hatI, e pratye jahAMgIre ochuM dhyAna ApyuM hatuM. suratanI jAgIra dharAvatA zAhajAdA zAhajahAMe to sara Tomasa rone vakhatovakhata nirAza karyo hate. 18 jahAMgIranuM AvuM valaNa hatuM chatAM eNe iMglenDanA rAjAne pahoMcADavA be patra sara Tomasa rane ApyA hatA. jahAMgIre AgrA pAchA pharavA mATe amadAvAdathI prayANa karyuM (sapTembara 2, 1618) ane mahemadAvAda dAhoda thaI e ujajana tarapha gayo.

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3 ju.] akabarathI auraMgajheba '[57 upara jaNAvyuM che tema sUbedAra zAhajAdA zAhajahAMe pitAnA vatI gujarAtane vahIvaTa calAvavA nAyaba tarIke anukrame rUstamakhAna (1618-22). ane rAjA vikramajita(1622-23)ne nImyA hatA. rustamakhAnane vahIvaTa lekapriya nahoto evI chApa amadAvAdamAM rahetA aMgreja vepArIo, je enA vahIvaTathI asaMtuSTa hatA, temanI noMdha parathI jovA maLe che. 1622 mAM rustamakhAnane parata bolAvavAmAM Avyo tyAre teo khuza thayA hatA. 19 rustamakhAnanI jagyAe zAhajahAMe pitAnA vizvAsapAtra ane kAryadakSa avikArIo paikInA eka adhikArI rAjA vikramajitane nAyaba tarIke nIme. potAnA Traka vahIvaTa daramyAna vikramajite uttara gujarAtamAM pravAsIene trAsa ApatA ane mAthAbhAre banela koLI lokAnA upadravane DAmI devA caDAIo karI hatI. eNe prAMtamAM gAya ane bheMsanI katala karavA para pratibaMdha pharamAvyo hato. e pratibaMdhane amala eTalo kaDakAIthI thayeluM lAge che ke vepArI-mAlane DhAMkavA ke peka karIne mokalavAmAM vaparAtA cAmaDAnI bhAre taMgI UbhI thaI hatI. zAhajahAMe pitA jahAMgIra sAme baMDa uThAvyuM tyAre madadarUpa thavA rAjA vikramajitane gujarAtamAMthI pAcho bolAvAmAM Avyo tyAre paNa aMgrejo khuza thayA hatA. 1622 nA varSamAM amadAvAdanA aMgreja vepArIone herAnagata thayelI hatI. tyAMnI keDInA adhyakSa netheniyala hesTIDanuM avasAna thatAM amadAvAdanA koTavAle kaThIne badhe mAlasAmAna tathA kaDImAM rahetA aMgreja vepArIo ane adhikArIonI aMgata cAjo vagere kabaje karyA hatAM ane emane satAvyA hatA. zAhajahAMnI sUbedArI daramyAna amadAvAdamAM sAbaramatIne kAMThe mahela sahita bhavya "zAhIbAga" nAmano bagIco bAMdhavAmAM Avyo.20 zAhajahAMnuM baMDa ane gujarAta zAhajahAM bAdazAha jahAMgIrane priya putra hato ane badhA ene gAdIvArasa gaNatA hatA, paraMtu begama najahAMnI khaTapaTone lIdhe ene gAdI na maLe evI sthiti sarjAI hatI, ethI zAhajahAMe vRddha sarasenApati abdurrahImakhAna ane bAdazAhatanA ghaNA agragaNya amIra-umarAvanA sAtha para tathA pitAnA tAbA nIcenA gujarAta mALavA khAnadeza ane dakhaNanA prAMtonI sAdhanasaMpatti para AdhAra rAkhI pitA sAme baMDa karyuM. dilhInI dakSiNe 40 mAIla dUra balucapuranI je laDAI thaI (mArca 1623) temAM jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAM sAmasAme AvyA hatA. gujarAtane mAjI sUbedAra abdullAkhAna, je bAdazAhanA pakSe hato te,

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58] mughala kAla pitAnI TukaDIo sAthe zAhajahAMne pakSe Avato rahyo hato, ethI jahAMgIranA pakSe bhaMgANa paDyuM hatuM. ema chatAM laDAImAM rAjA vikramajita, jene gujarAtamAMthI khAsa bolAvavAmAM Avyo hato ane zAhajahAMnuM AkhuM lazkara je. AgevAnI nIce hatuM, tene Akaribhaka ghA vAgatAM e avasAna pAme tethI zAhajahAMne pakSa hatAza banI hArI gayA. gAdI mATe thayelA AMtaravigrahanI asara gujarAta para paDI. amadAvAdamAM kevA prakAranAM niyaMtraNa mUkavAmAM AvyAM hatAM eno khyAla iTAliyana pravAsI pieTro DelA velanI noMdha parathI Ave che. 1623 mAM e jyAre amadAvAda choDI (phebruArI 28) khaMbhAta javA nIkaLyo tyAre ene amadAvAdamAMthI bahAra nIkaLatAM bhAre tapAsa levAnA kAraNe ghaNI takalIpha paDI hatI. zAhajahAMe ja pitAnA lazkaranA sainiko pakSAMtara karI bAdazAha-pakSe na jAya e mATe saunikonI patnIo ane kuTuMbIjanone amadAvAdamAMthI bahAra jatAM aTakAvavA mATe amadAvAdanA daravAjA baMdha karAvyA hatA. bahAra janAra vyaktione paravAnA. meLavavA paDatA. 21 amadAvAdathI aMgreja kaThInA adhikArIoe emanI suratanI kAThInA adhikArIo para lakhelA patramAMthI e AMtaravigraha ane amadAvAdamAM paDelA enA pratyAghAta vize jANavA maLe che. Ane jahAMgIranI AtmakathAmAMthI paNa samarthana maLe che. 'tujhuke jahAMgIrI anusAra zAhajahAMe pitAnI thayelI hArathI ane karavI paDelI pIchehaThathI gujarAta para saMdezo mokalAvyo, jemAM rAjA vikramajitanA bhAI kAnhaDadeva ane prAMtanA dIvAna sAphIkhAnane potAnA mAMDUnA darabAramAM AvavA ane emanI sAthe amadAvAda khAteno badho zAhI khajAno lAvavA Adeza Apyo hato. emAM pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnuM javAharajaDita takhta ane be lAkha rUpiyAnI kiMmatano paTo, je eNe pote bAdazAha jahAMgIrane bheTa dharavA amadAvAdamAM ja banAvaDAvyAM hatAM, teno samAveza thAya che. sAphIkhAna zAhajahAMnA sATu thato hato tethI zAhajahAMne lAgatuM hatuM ke e mArA pakSe Avaze, paraMtu sAphIkhAne bAdazAha pratye vaphAdArI rAkhI gujarAtamAM vaphAdAra rahelA mughala phojadArone ekatra karyA ane amadAvAda para hale karI e kabaje karyuM temaja zAhajahAM pratye vaphAdArI dharAvanAra sarve ne keda karyA. javAhIra-jaDita takhta bhAMgI nAkhavAmAM AvyuM. be lAkha rUpiyA tathA zAhajahAMnI milakata vagere bAdazAha pratyenA vaphAdAra sainikone vaheMcavAmAM AvyAM. IDaranA rAjA kalyANa sahita badhA khaMDiyA rAjAone amadAvAdamAM AvavA ane bAdazAha-pakSe rahI gujarAta prAMtanuM rakSaNa karavA Adeza Apyo. bIjI bAjue mAMDu khAte zAhajahAMe amadAvAda.

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3ju] akabarathI raMgajheba [59 virodhIonA kuTA nIce AvI gayAnuM sAMbhaLI ene punaH kabaje karavA vizvAsa adhikArI abdullAkhAnane mokale, paraMtu e amadAvAda pAse jetalapura najIka thayelI laDAImAM hArI gayA (jana 14, 1623) ane ene nAsI javuM paDyuM. aNe surata pahoMcIne sthAnika amaladAro pAsethI cAra lAkha jeTalI mahamUdI. vasUla lIdhI ane burahAnapura khAte zAhajahAMne jaIne maLyo. dIvAna sAphIkhAne meLavelA vijayathI amadAvAdanI samagra prajAe jANe gulAmImAMthI mukti maLI. hoya tevo AnaMda anubhavyA. zAhajAdo dAvarabakSa (I.sa. 163-1624) balucapuranA vijaya pachI bAdazAha jahAMgIre ajamera pahoMcI potAnA mahU ma zAhajAdA khuzarUnA putra zAhajAdA dAvarabalanI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUMka karI (me 9, 1623). e sAthe ene 8000 jATa ane 3000 nA azvadaLanI manasaba ApI ane lazkarI kharca mATe be lAkha rUpiyA paNa ApyA, paraMtu dAvarabakSanI vaya phakta 15 varSanI hovAthI enA vAlI tarIke enA mAtAvavRddha mIrajhA ajhIjha kokAne (khAna Ajhamane) nImavAmAM AvyA. mIrajhAne zAhajahAMnA adhikArIo pAsethI gujarAta punaH meLavavAnI kAmagIrI soMpavAmAM AvI, paraMtu e zAhI lazkara sAthe Ave e pahelAM sAphIkhAne vijaya meLavI. lIdhe hato tethI khAna Ajhame zAhajAdA dAvarabalane sAthe rAkhI amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo (julAI 3). amadAvAdamAM AvyA pachI zAhajahAMnA TekedAro pAsethI surata ane bharUca jevAM mukhya ane mahatvanAM zahera kabaje levAnuM kAma pAra pADavAmAM AvyuM. gujarAtamAM zAhajahAMne baLavo dabAvI devAmAM saphaLatA meLavanAra vaphAdAra ane zUravIra muhammada sAphakhAnane "navAba saiphakhAna jahAMgIra zAhI" ne khitAba ApavAmAM Avyo ane sahAyabhUta nAvaDanAra anya adhikArIone yogya badale ApavAmAM AvyuM. navAba rauphakhAne jetalapuramAM "jita. bAga" banAvaDAvyo ane bhadra vistAra najIka eka madaresA majida ane davAkhAnuM pitAnA nAme baMdhAvyAM, Ama gujarAtamAM zAhajahAMno baLavo tUTI paDayo, jeke bAdazAhatanA anya bhAgamAM e traNa varSa sudhI cAlu rahyo. gujarAtamAM dAvarabakSanuM aupacArika zAsana vadhu na cAlyuM, kAraNa ke 1624 mAM 80 varSanA khAna AjhamanuM amadAvAda khAte avasAna thatAM zAhajAdA dAvarabalane pAcho bolAvAye ane enI jagyAe daulata khAna ledInA putra khAnajahAM ledIne nImavAmAM AvyuM.

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10] ghala kAle khAnajahAM ledI (I.sa 1624-27) khAnajahAMnuM mULa nAma pIrakhAna hatuM. jahAMgIre pahelAM ene salAbatakhAnane ane pAchaLathI "khAnajahAM'no khitAba Avyo hato. (3) zAhajahAMne rAjya-amara (Isa. 16ra7-58) khAnajahAM ledI (cAlu) (I.sa. 1927-28) bAdazAha jahAMgIranuM avasAna thatAM (okaTobara, 1627) khAnajahAM ledI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke cAlu rahyo, paraMtu vahIvaTa rauphakhAna dvArA cAlato rahyo. jahAMgIranA avasAnanA samAcAra maLatAM mahArASTramAM junnara khAte rahelA zAhanajahAMe turata ja kUca karavA nakkI karyuM ane gujarAtamAMthI TekedAro temaja dhana meLavavAnA hetuthI gujarAta thaI AgrA javA nakkI karyuM ane gujarAtamAM surata bAjuethI praveza karyo (Disembara 2, 1627). e pachI enI mughala bAdazAha tarIke jAherAta thaI. amadAvAda pAse AvatAM gujarAta sarakArane vahIvaTa saiphakhAna pAsethI laInAdirakhAna nAmanA vizvAsu adhikArIne sepavA hukama karyo ane khidamata parastakhAna nAmanA bIjA adhikArIne saiphakhAnane keda karI hAjara karavA mokalyo. aMgreja vepArI kaThIna daphataronI noMdha pramANe e samaye saiphakhAne patharInuM oparezana karAveluM hovAthI e sakhata mAMdo hato tethI e zAhajahAMne AvakAra ApatA koI saMdezo mokalI zakyo na hato, AthI zAhajahAMe ene keda karavA hukama karyo hato. zAhajahAMnI begama mumatAjha mahalanI moTI bahenanuM lagna navAba saiphakhAna sAthe thayeluM hatuM ane mumatAjha mahalane moTI bahena pratye ghaNo anurAga hevAthI eNe daramyAnagIrI karatAM zAhajahAMne navAba rauphakhAnane keda karavAno hukama rada karavAmAM AvyuM. bAdazAha banelA zAhajahAM amadAvAdamAM thoDo vakhata rokAyo ane navAba rauphakhAnanA khajAnAmAMthI je gamyuM te laI hAthI ghoDA nekaro vagere sAthe uttaramAM ravAnA thayo. zAhajahAMnI bAdazAha tarIke vidhisara tAjapozI thatAM pahelAM surata khAtenA enA TekedAroe utsAhamAM AvI jaI enA nAmanI senAnI mahera suratanI TaMkazALamAM pADI hatI. bAdazAha zAhajahAMnAM AraMbhanAM ATha varSomAM gujarAtamAM pAMca jeTalA sUbedAra badalAyA. zAhI darabArano je kaI umarAva mughala bAdazAhane vadhu UMcA upahAra bheTa dhare tene sUbedArapada ApavAnI prathA paDI hatI. e rIte nAhirakhAna athavA zerakhAna dUra pahelo sUbedAra bane.

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3 ju.] akabarathI raMgajheba nAhirakhAna urphe zerakhAna dura (1628-31) I.sa. 128 mAM zAhI pharamAnathI sAmrAjyanA tamAma sUbAomAM saura. paMcAMgane badale cAMdramAnI hijarI saMvata pramANenuM paMcAMga dAkhala karavAmAM AvyuM. 1628mAM zerakhAna tUre zAhI hukama anusAra nAsika ane saMgemanera jillAo para AkramaNa karyuM. enA ja samayamAM jamAlakhAna nAmanA eka adhikArIe 1630 mAM gujarAtanA sulatAnapura ane rAjapIpaLAnAM jaMgalomAMthI 130 jeTalA nara-mAdA hAthIone pakaDaDyA, paNa emAMthI mAtra 70 ja bAdazAha pAse bheTa tarIke pahoMcyA. 1930-31 mAM gujarAtamAM "satyAsIo kALa" nAmane bhayaMkara dukALa paDayo. e dukALamAM asaMkhya mANaso ane DhoraDhAMkhara mRtyu pAmyAM. zAhI pharamAna pramANe rAhata kArya zarU karavAmAM AvyAM. 1631 mAM hisAba-kitAbamAM kuzaLa evA diyAnatarAya munazI nAmanA nAgara brAhmaNanI zAhI jamIna (khAlasA)nA daphataradAra tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. dakhaNanI caDAImAM madade gayelA sUbA zerakhAna tUranuM nAsika jillAmAM avasAna thatAM (1631) enI jagyAe IslAmakhAnane gujarAtane subedAra nImavAmAM AvyuM. islAmakhAna (163-32), bakIrakhAna (1632-34), sipahadArakhAna (1634-35) A traNeya sUbedAranA samayamAM koI nedhapAtra rAjakIya banAva banyo nathI. e samayamAM mughala bAdazAhane kiMmatI bheTo mokalAtI rahI. saiphakhAna (1935-36) pharI eka vAra zAhajahAMe enA sATu ane bhUtapUrva sUbedAra saiphakhAnane gujarAtanA subedAra tarIke nImyA, paraMtu e heddA para bhAgyeja eka varSa rahyo. AjhamakhAna (1636-42) enI jagyAe nAmAMkita banelA AjhamakhAnane mokalavAmAM Avyo. AjhamakhAna mULa irAkanA saiyada gula hato ane enuM mULa nAma mIra muhammada bakIra hatuM. ene 1606 mAM "IradatakhAna ane 1630 mAM " AjhamakhAna nA khitAba apAyA hatA. A samaye gujarAtamAM kALI lAke ane kAThI lekae dhADa pADI bhAre upadrava macAvyo hato ane saurASTramAM keTalAka khaMDiyA rAjAoe zAhI sattA sAme jhaghaDAkhora valaNa apanAvyuM hatuM ethI gujarAtamAM koI zaktizALI ane kAbela sUbedAranI jarUra hatI, ethI zAhajahAMe saiphakhAnanI jagyAe khAna AjhamanI sUbedAra tarIke pasaMdagI karI.

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12] mughala kAla [. AjhamakhAne enI cha varSanI sUbedArI daramyAna gujarAtabharamAM zAMti ane vyavasthA sthApyAM. eNe siddhapura vistAranA keLIone namAvI bhaviSyamAM sArI cAlacalagata rAkhavAmAM Avaze evI emanI pAsethI jAmInagIrI lIdhI. AvA kaDaka pagalAthI AjhamakhAne pitAnI dhAka besADI dIdhI. dhaMdhukA vibhAgamAM kheDUtone raMjADatA kAThIone upadrava DAmI devA ane emane zikSA karavA eNe pagalAM lIdhAM. eNe pote ATha hajAranuM ghoDesavAranuM baLa laI luMTArAono pIcho karyo. gIca jaMgalamAM bharAI gayelA lUMTArAone zodhI kADhavA eNe jaMgalanAM jhADa kApI rastA karavAnuM kAma zarU karAvyuM. chevaTe eno kAThIo sAthe mukAbale che, jemAM ene vijaya maLyo eNe vijayanA sthaLe gujarAtasaurASTranI sarahade rANapura (tA. dhaMdhukA) khAte majabUta lazkarI thANuM sthApyuM (1640-41) ane ene "zAhapura" nAma ApyuM. AjhamakhAnane bAMdhakAmane khUba zokha hatuM tethI enI kIrti e rIte paNa phelAI eNe amadAvAdamAM bhadanA agnikhUNe 1937 mAM eka suMdara musApharakhAnuM baMdhAvyuM. enI bAMdhaNI ane mane hara dekhAvane lIdhe enI tulanA zAhIbAganAM makAne sAthe karavAmAM AvatI hatI. AjhamakhAna sAmAnya rIte varSARtumAM sUbAnI sarahade baMDakhera ane laDAyaka kALIo ane kAThIono pIcho karavAmAM samaya gALato. e lUMTaphATa karanArAonA pradezamAM jema jema AgaLa vadhato gayo tema tema jaMgale sApha karAvato ane emanAM khetare ane pAkane Aga lagADI tArAja karato. jarUra jaNAya tyAM gaDha ane lazkarI thANu sthApato. AjhamakhAne apanAvelI A nItine lIdhe ene badhA "Ajhama UdhaI" kahetA, kAraNa ke UdhaInI jema e vinAza sarjata. enA A prayatnonuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke uttaramAM cheka jAlerathI mAMDIne dakSiNamAM saurASTranI keTalI hada sudhI zAMti ane vyavasthA rathapAyAM, gherI bhArge pharI pAchA vepArIo ane pravAsIo mATe salAmata banyA. eNe baMDakhAra koLIone aMkuzamAM rAkhavA vAtraka nadInA kAMThe kapaDavaMjanI pazcime ATheka mAIla dUra pitAnA nAma parathI " AjhAmAbAda" nAme kile bAMdhe ane tyAM eka killedAra ane 500 nuM azvadaLa phojadAra sAthe rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. AjhamakhAne bIjo paNa eka suMdara kille amadAvAdanI uttare sAta mAIla para aDAlaja javAnA mArge kALI gAme bAMdhyo. kaDaka dAba ane sakhatAI enI rAjanItinAM sUtra hatAM, jenI pratIti be dAMta parathI thAya che. 1638 mAM amadAvAdanI mulAkAte gayelA pravAsI menDelaee nepyuM

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3 ju] akabarathI auraMgajheba [63 che ke aMgreja ane valaMdA kaMpanIonA DirekaTaronA mAnamAM AjhamakhAne goThavelI mijabAnInA samAraMbhamAM nRtya karavAno inakAra karavA badala ene guno gaNI, mahemAnonI hAjarImAM ja nRtyAMganAono ghAtakI rIte ziraccheda karAvavAmAM Avyo hato. sarakhejanA gaLI-utpAdako gaLImAM tela ane retInuM mizraNa karatA hovAnI bAbata pratye aMgreja vepArIoe 1640 mAM AjhamakhAnanuM dhyAna doratAM, AjhamakhAne badhA ja utpAdakene belAvI rUbarUmAM sakhata Thapako Apyo ane cetavaNI ApI ke tame e paddhati cAlu rAkhaze te huM tamane motanI sajA karatAM acakAIza nahi. AjhamakhAnanA samayamAM jUnAgaDhamAM zAhajahAMnA hukamathI eka navI TaMkazALa sthApavAmAM AvI. saurASTramAM mughala sattA sarvocca banI hatI. jUnAgaDhamAM mughala sattAno pratinidhi phojadAra tarIke rahe. e adhikArI amadAvAdanA tAbA nIce hato, paraMtu jUnAgaDhanA phojadAranA nabaLA vahIvaTathI khaMDiyA rAjapUta ThAkAranuM valaNa mughala sattAnI avagaNanA karavAnuM ane khaMDaNInI rakamanI cukavaNI vilaMbamAM nAMkhavAnuM rahevA lAgyuM. 1640-41 mAM navAnagaranA jAma lAkhAjIe khaMDaNInI rakama cUkavI nahi ane zAhI pharamAna viruddha pitAnA nAmanI kerI (mahamUdI) pADavAnI ane ene calaNamAM mUkavAnI nIti akhatyAra karI. A badhAM kAraNosara AjhamakhAne badhAne pATha zIkhavavAnuM nakkI karyuM ane lazkara sAthe e navAnagarathI sAta bhAIla najIka AvI pahoMcyA. jAmanI pitAnA rakSaNa mATenI bilakula taiyArI nahatI ethI eNe zaraNe AvI samAdhAna karyuM. eNe subedArane ekaso kacchI gheDA ane traNa lAkha mahamUdI ApavAnuM tathA sikkA (korI) pADavAnuM baMdha karavAnuM svIkAryuM.23 vadhumAM jAme gujarAtanA sarahadI jillAomAMthI je nirAzritoe AvIne jAmanA rAjyamAM Azraya lIdho hoya teone parata karavAnuM ane sUbedAra jyAre saurASTranA baMDakhora garAsiyAono pIcho karavA Ave tyAre pitAnA putrane eka lazkarI TukaDI sAthe sUbedAra pAse mokalavAnuM svIkAryuM. AjhamakhAnanuM zAsana lazkarI daSTie tophAnI tattane DAmI devAmAM saphaLa hovA chatAM emAM binasahAnubhUti ane jorajulamanAM tattva vizeSa hatAM. enAthI DarIne leke AjubAjunA vistAromAM jatA rahetA. lokone ugra asaMtoSa bAdazAha pAse rajU karavAnI koI hiMmata karI zakatuM nahi. vaLI khAna AjhamanI putrInuM lagna zAhajahAMnA bIjA putra zAhajAdA jA sAthe karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tethI dilhI darabAramAM khAna AjhamanAM sthAna ane pratiSThAmAM bhAre vadhAro thayo

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14] mughala kAla prihate. e sthitimAM saMta zAhaAlamanA vaMzaja saiyada jalAla bukhArIe zAhajahAM samakSa sAcI paristhitinI rajUAta karatAM zAhajahAMe AjhamakhAnane pAcho belAvI lIdhe. isAvarakhAna (I.sa. 1642-1645) zAhajahAMe AjhamakhAnanI jagyAe jUnAgaDhanA kapriya phojadAra ane prajAkalyANanAM kArya karanAra mIrajhA isAturkhAnanI nimaNUka karI. pitAnA hukamanuM satvara pAlana thAya e mATe zAhajahAMe jAte hukama lakhIne (eprila 2, 1642) makalA, jemAM mIrajhA sAturakhAna jevo amadAvAda Ave ke tarata ja ene sUbAnA vahIvaTane havAlo saMpIne dilhI darabAramAM hAjara thavA AjhamakhAnane pharamAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e pharamAna seraThane phejadAra mIrajhA IsAturkhAna pitAnI sAthe laIne pitAnA lazkara sahita amadAvAda AvI pahoMcyo. AjhamakhAne ene sUbAne vahIvaTa soMpI dIdho. mIrajhA IsAturkhAne pitAnI sUbedArI daramyAna je sArAM pagalAM lIdhAM temAM mahesUlamAM "bhAgabaTAI paddhati eTale ke cIjavastumAM mahesUla nakkI karavAnI paddhati dAkhala karavAmAM AvI teno samAveza thato hato. zAhajAdo auraMgajheba (I.sa. 1645-46) zAhajahAMe 1645mAM mIrajhA sAturakhAnanI jagyAe zAhajAdA auraMgajhabane gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke mokalyA tyAre auraMgajhebanI vaya ra7 varSanI hatI. enA amalanA TUMkA gALA daramyAna amadAvAdamAM dhArmika jhaghaDAnA je be banAva banyA temAM enI paradharma pratyenI asahiSNutA jovA maLe che. "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhakanA kahevA mujaba amadAvAdanA sarasapura vistAramAM AvelA ciMtAmaNimaMdirane kuvvata-u-islAma" nAmanI masjidamAM pheravI nAkhavA auraMgajhebe hukama karyo hato ane eno amala karavAmAM Avyo hato. e maMdira jaina zreSThI zAMtidAsa jhaverIe 1625 mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. auraMgajhebanA bIjA eka dhArmika kRtyamAM baMne pakSa muslimonA ja hatA e ullekhanIya che. eka pakSa amadAvAdane dharmacusta mullAMone ane bIjo pAlanapuranA mahedavI paMthano hato. mahedavI paMthanA sthApaka saiyada muhammada jainapurI sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA ane teone ghaNuM muralamAe ImAma mahedI tarIke svIkAryA hatA. emanA anayAyIo uttara gujarAtamAM vaselA hatA. eka vAra auraMgajhebanA keTalAka hajUriyAo ane mahedavI paMthanA keTalAka vepArIo vacce jhaghaDo thayo. A takane lAbha laI mahedavI paMthanA vaDA saiyada rAjune pAlanapurathI amadAvAda

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3 ju]. akabarathI raMgajheba [65 bolAvI bhagAvyA.thoDA divasa pachI saiyada rAju ane maulavIo vacce dhamavivAda thaye, jemAM svAbhAvika rIte maulavIone saMtoSa thaye nahi. emaNe saiyadanI zaheramAMthI hakAlapaTI karavAno "phatavo " bahAra pADavo, eTaluM ja nahi, paNuM auraMgajheba pAsethI saiyadano vadha karavAnI paravAnagI meLavI. A arasAmAM keTavAlanA humathI sauyada rAjue zahera choDIne zAhIbAganI bAjumAM AvelA rUstamabAgamAM mukAma karyo. amadAvAdanA maulavIonI caDavaNIthI koTavAle rustamabAgamAM AvI saiyada rAja ane emanA anuyAyIo sAthe dhIMgANuM karyuM, jemAM saiyada rAju emanA 22 anuyAyIo sAthe mAryA gayA, emanAM zabane tyAM ja daphanAvavAmAM AvyAM. 24 AjhamakhAnanA samayamAM gaLI banAvavAmAM bheLaseLanI jevI phariyAda thavA pAmI hatI tevI phariyAda auraMgajhebanA samayamAM paNa thavA lAgI hatI, AthI auraMgajhebe gaLInI zuddhatA jALavavA kaDaka hukama bahAra pADyo hato. auraMgajhebe pitAnI sUbedArInA TUMkA gALA daramyAna sUbAmAM koLI dhADapADuono trAsa dUra karavA pitAnA kharce lazkarI TukaDIo racI. sUbAnI Avaka karatAM kharca vadhu thatuM hovAthI karakasaranA pagalA tarIke auraMgajhebe ema karyuM hatuM. enI e kAmagIrIthI prasanna thaI zAhajahAMe enI manasabadArIne darajjo eka hajAra ghoDesavAra jeTalo vadhArI enuM bahumAna karyuM. madhya eziyAmAM bakha ane badakSana jItI levAnI kAmagIrI karavA lazkaranI AgevAnI levA mATe zAhajahAMe auraMgajhebane parata bolAvyo ane gujarAtanI sUbedArI amIra zAstakhAnane sepI (sapTembara, 1646). auraMgajhebanI vidAyathI amadAvAda khAtenA aMgreja vepArIo AnaMda pAmyA hatA. zAstakhAna (I.sa. 1946-48 ) zAstakhAnano amala keTalIka bAbatomAM nedhapAtra bane. AjhamakhAne jemanA upadravane krUratAthI DAmI dIdho hato te koLIoe pharI pAchI pitAnI trAsajanaka pravRttio zarU karI. gujarAtanAM baMdaro tarapha jate dhorI mArga IDaranA sarahadI DuMgarALa pradezamAM thaIne jato, tyAM luMTArAone bhaya vadhI gaye. zAItakhAne mAthAbhAre lUMTArAone zikSA karavA kaDaka hAthe kAma lIdhuM. amadAvAda khAtenI aMgreja kAThInA adhyakSe surata lakhelA patramAM jaNAvyuM hatuM ke cera ane ThagArAone Azraya ApyAnA bahAnA nA sUbedAre garIba ane rAMka prajAvALAM gAmaDAM khAlI karAvavA je jorajulama karyA tevA agAu kadI sAMbhaLavAmAM AvyA na hatA. zAIstakhAne amadAvAdanA vepArIo ane kArIgaro pratye julamI - I-6-5

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sughala kAla. [y. valaNa dAkhavyuM hatuM. e dukAnadAro pAsethI TharAvelA bhAve gaLI ane bIjo mAla kharIdo ane vepAra karavAne ijAro potAnA hastaka rahe evI peravI karato tethI enI pakaDamAMthI bacavA ene lAMca ApavAnI vepArIone pharaja paDatI. zAIstakhAna ekamAtra vepArI banI rahe evI enI peravIthI aMgrejo paNa bhaDakI gayA hatA. zAstakhAnanI badalI 1648 nA julAImAM mALavAnA sUbedAra tarIke karavAmAM AvI. zAhajAde dArA zakeha (I.sa. 1648-para) zAhajahAMe pitAnA vaDA zAhajAdA dArA zukAhane gujarAtanA subedAra tarIke nIme, paraMtu dArA zuko mAtra nAmane ja subedAra hato. eNe enA vizvAsa adhikArI bakIrabegane pitAnA nAyaba tarIke kAma karavA "dharatakhAnane khitAba ApI gujarAta mokalyA. dharatakhAna dazerAnA tahevArane divase (sapTembara 18, 1648) amadAvAda AvI pahoMce enuM nAma mughala bAdazAhanA eka zAhI pharamAna (julAI 3, 1948) sAthe joDAyeluM che. e pharamAnamAM je jaina maMdira zAMtidAsa jhaverIe baMdhAvela hatuM ane 1645 mAM zAhajAdA auraMgajhebe teDI nakhAvI masjidamAM pheravyuM hatuM te enA mULa mAlika zAMtidAsa jhaverIne pAchuM meMpavA aMgeno hukama hatA. e pharamAna para "zAha-I-bulaMda IkabAla muhammada dArA zukoha"nI mahera aMkita karavAmAM AvI hatI. atre e neMdhavuM rasaprada thaI paDaze ke je divase zAhajahAMe dArA zukehane gujarAtano sUbedAra nIme te ja divase e pharamAna bahAra paDAyuM hatuM. pharamAnamAM apAyelA Adeza mujaba imAratamAM karavAmAM Avela miharAba (gekhalA) rahevA devAnA hatA ane maMdirathI ene judA pADavA tyAM dIvAla caNI levAnI hatI. e imAratamAM je phakIro ane bhikhArIo rahetA hatA temane mATe ane maMdiramAMthI mAlasAmAnanI corI karI gayelA vaheArAo mATe keTalAka Adeza ApavAmAM AvyA hatA. mughala darabAramAM zAMtidAsa jhaverInI pratiSThAne lIdhe AvuM pharamAna bahAra paDAyuM haze ema mAnI zakAya. 25 zAstakhAna (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1652-54) I.sa. 165ra nA aMtamAM zAhajja dArA zukehane gujarAtanA sUbedArapadanI javAbadArImAMthI mukta karI ene sthAne thAIstakhAnane pharI vAra nImavAmAM AvyA. zAIstakhAne amadAvAda AvI havelI paragaNAmAM tathA dhoLakA karI ane viramagAma paragaNAmAM bhAre raMjADapravRtti karatA keLIo sAme kaDaka hAthe kAma

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[17 3ju.] akabarathI raMgajheba levA mAMDayuM. A vakhate enA saradAra kahAnajIne cuMvALanA vistAromAMthI hAMkI kADhavAmAM AvyA ane enI jAgIra-jamIne sANaMda(amadAvAda jille)nA garAsiyA mukhI jagamalane soMpavAmAM AvI. kaDAnajIe 1654mAM amadAvAda AvI zAhajAdA murAdabakSanI tAbedArI svIkArI ane vArSika dasa hajAra rUpiyAnI khaMDaNI ApavAnuM kabUla karatAM ene enI jamIna pAchI ApavAmAM AvI. 16pa3 mAM zAIstakhAne bAdazAhane jaNAveluM hatuM ke amadAvAda zaheranI dIvAlo ghaNI jagyAe tUTI paDelI hovAthI enI durastI karAvI levAnuM jarUrI che. e parathI bAdazAhe prAMtanA dIvAna para hukama mokalyo, jemAM sthAnika sarakArI tijorImAMthI 20 hajAra rUpiyA kharca maMjUra karI, dIvAle durasta karAvI levA jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. zahAdo murAdAbakSa (I.sa. 1654-58) 1654 mAM zAhajahAMe zAItakhAnane pAcho belAvyo ne ene sthAne pitAnA nAnA zAhajAdA murAdabakSane nImyo. 1657nA sapTembaranA AraMbhamAM zAhajahAM dilhImAM gaMbhIrapaNe mAMdA paDatAM ane sauthI moTA zAhajAdA dArA zukehanI tathA keTalAka amIronI vadhu paDatI takedArIne lIdhe sAmrAjyamAM ugra svarUpanA pratyAghAta paDayA ane bAdazAha avasAna pAmyAnI aphavAo phelAvA pAmI; joke zAhajahAM gaMbhIra mAMdagImAMthI sAjo thayo chatAM pahelAMnI jema e zAsana karavA azakta rahyo. baMgALanA sUbedAra tarIke rahelA zAhajAdA rAjAe pitAne mughala bAdazAha tarIke jAhera karyo. bIjI bAju gujarAtamAM murAdabakSe ati utAvaLAM pagalAM laI lazkara ekatra karyA ane dakhaNamAM potAnA moTA bhAI auraMgajheba, je tyAM sUbedArapade hato, tenI sAthe sahakAra sAdhI pitAne hakkadAvo AgaLa dharavA tatpara banyo. potAnA bhAIo sAthe mukAbale anivArya che ema mAnI murAdabakSe pitAnAM jarUrI sAdhana UbhAM karavA ane ekatra karavA zAhabAjhakhAnanI AgevAnI heThaLa suratanA samRddha baMdarano kabaje levA tathA suratanA prakhyAta kilAmAM rAkhavAmAM Avela zAhI khajAnAno kabajo levA cha hajAranuM azvadaLa mokalyuM. suratano kiledAra saiyada taiyaba mughala bAdazAha pratye vaphAdAra hato tethI zAhabAjhakhAnane namatuM na ApatAM eno prabaLa sAmano karyo. zAhabAjhakhAne valaMdA ane aMgreja kaThInA pramukhane, jakAtamAM aDadhI mAphI ApavAnuM ane bIjA lAbha ApavAnuM pralobhana ApI, madada ApavA mATe emanI sAthe vATAghATe calAvI, paNa baMne pramukhane murAdano pakSa nabaLo lAgato hovAthI teoe enA pakSe

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mughala kAla [5. AvI daramyAnagIrI karavA spaSTa InkAra karyo. ema chatAM zAhabAjhakhAne koThInA ja adhyakSa raviMTana pAsethI khAnagI rIte keTalIka baMdUke vecAtI lIdhI, je Igliza kaMpanInI mAlikInI na hatI. killedAra saiyada taube zAhabAjhakhAnanA 40 divasanA gherAno sAmano karyo, paNa chevaTe ene zAhabAjhakhAnanA zaraNe AvavAnI pharaja paDI Disembara, 1657). killAmAM rAkhavAmAM Avela sarakArI temaja khAnagI khajAno laI levAmAM Avyo. uparAMta zAhabAjhakhAne suratanA dhanADhathe vepArIo pAsethI pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnI lena pharajiyAta lIdhI. e rakamanI cukavaNI badhA vepArIo vatI hAjI muhammada jhahIdabega ane vIrajI vorAe karI jenA badalAmAM murAdanI maheravALuM RNapatra (benDa) ApavAmAM AvyuM. 26 murAdabakSanI tAjazI daramyAnamAM zAhajAdA murAdabakSe surata taraphanA samAcAranI rAha joyA vagara pitAne mughala bAdazAha tarIke jAhera karyo ane amadAvAda khAte potAnI jAhera tAjapozI karI (Disembara 5, 1657). eNe bAdazAha gAjhI"nuM nAma ane "murAvajuddIna khitAba dhAraNa karyA. vadhumAM eNe potAnA nAmanA sikkA paDAvI khubAmAM nAma paNa vaMcAvyuM. enA sikkA amadAvAda surata ane khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDAyA hatA. suratathI vijayI banelAM lazkara AvI pahoMcatAM (jAnyuArI 19, 1658) murAdabakSe badhI taiyArI karI lIdhI ane auraMgajhebanI taraphanA samAcAranI rAha jovA lAgyA. auraMgajhebanI sAthe pote joDAIne uttara tarapha jAya e pahelAM eNe potAnAM patnIo saMtAno ane milakatanI salAmatInI vyavasthA karI sarvane cAMpAneranA majabUta killAmAM khaseDavAnuM nakkI karyuM. pote amadAvAdathI vidAya le te pahelAM eNe amadAvAdanI ni:sahAya prajA pAsethI 50 lAkha rUpiyA paDAvyAnuM manAya che. emAM jhaverI zAMtidAsanA putra mANekacaMda ane enA bIjA putro pAsethI ja sADA pAMca lAkha rUpiyA uchInA lIdhA hatA. murAdAbakSa ane auraMgajhebanI baMDakhora pravRttionA samAcAra AgrA AvatAM azakta ane nirbaLa banelA zAhajahAMe zAhajAdA dArAnI madadathI putrone e baLa dabAvI devA pagalAM lIdhAM. jodhapuranA mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhane mALavAnA ane kAsImakhAnane gujarAtanA sUbedAra pade nImyA. murAdabakSane varADa prAMtamAM javA hukama karyo. jazavaMtasiMha ane kAsImakhAnane ujajana sudhI jaIne aTakI javA ane murAdabakSa hukamane tAbe thaI gujarAta choDI na jAya te e baMnee AgaLa

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3 ju] akabarathI auraMgajheba vadhI ene gujarAtamAMthI bahAra hAMkI kADhavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM. auraMgajheba ane murAdabakSa vacce saMyukta pagalAM levA mATe saMdezavyavahAra e agAuthI zarU thaI gayo hato (phaTobara, 1657). murAdAbakSa ati utAvaLo banyo hato ane e zAhajAdA dArA sAme caDAI karavAnA nirNayano hato, paraMtu vicakSaNa ane dIrghadRSTivALA auraMgajhebe ene sAvadhAnI rAkhavA ane rAha jovA salAha ApI. enI sAthe sAthe e baMne bhAIoe vijaya meLavyA bAda e mughala sAmrAjya kevI rIte vaheMcavuM enI aupacArika vyavasthA paNa vicArI rAkhI. pUratI lazkarI taiyArIo karyA bAda auraMgajhebe auraMgAbAdathI kUca karI (phebruArI, 1658) ane murAdabakSane sAthe joDAvA saMdeza mokalAvyo. murAdabakSe amadAvAda choDayuM ane mALavA AvyA. e pachI baMnenAM lazkara dIpAlapura khAte eka thaI gayAM (eprila). e baMne bhAIonAM lazkaroe jazavaMtasiMha ane kAsImakhAnane ujana najIka dharamata khAte harAvyAM (eprila 15, 1658) ane AgrA tarapha kUca karI, AgrAnA killAthI ATha mAIla dUra sAmugaDha khAte zAhajAdA dArAne sajajaDa hAra ApI (me, ra9). e pachI auraMgajhebe AgrA jaI killAne kabaje lIdho ane pitA zAhajahAMne mahelamAM ja najarakedamAM rAkhyo. eNe murAdabakSane betraNa aThavADiyAmAM ja mathurA pAsenI chAvaNamAM kedI banAvyo ane aMte gvAliyaranA killAmAM kedI rAkhyo, jyAM traNeka varSa bAda eno vadha karavAmAM Avyo (Disembara, 1661). mirAte ahamadInA jaNAvyA mujaba amadAvAda choDatAM agAu murAdabakSe mutAmadakhAnane pitAnA nAyaba tarIke nImyo hato ane potAnA kuTuMbanI saMbhALa soMpI hatI. murAdabakSane auraMgajhebano kedI banAvAyo te pahelAM ja cAra divasa agAu murAde potAnI zAhI mudrAthI aMkita kareluM eka pharamAna taiyAra karyuM (jUna 22, 1658) hatuM, jemAM zAMtidAsanA putra mANekacaMda ane bIjAo pAsethI lIdhelI sADA pAMca lAkhanI lonanI rakama parata karavA hukama apAya hato ane e mutAmadakhAna para mokalI ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. pharamAna be nakalamAM hatuM. (4) auraMgajhebane rAjya amala (I.sa. 1658-1707) auraMgajhebe potAnI prathama tAjapozI dilhImAM karAvI (julAI 21, 1658). thoDA samaya bAda eNe potAnA sasarA zAhanavAjhakhAna saphavIne gujarAtanA prathama sUbedAra tarIke nIme.

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mughala kAla zAhanavAjhakhAna (I.sa. 1658-59) zAhanavAjhakhAna dakhaNamAM auraMgajheba sAthe hato. e zAhajahAM pratye vaphAdAra hato tethI jyAre baMDakhora auraMgajhebe uttara tarapha javA kUca karI tyAre eNe burahAnapurathI AgaLa javA anicchA batAvI, tethI auraMgajhebe ene keda karIne burahAnapuramAM ja rAkhyo hato. auraMgajhebe bAdazAha-pada dhAraNa karyA bAda ene mukta karyo ane gujarAtanI sUbedArI ApI. zAhanavAjhakhAnanA amadAvAda AvyA pachI thoDA samayamAM parAjita thayele zAhajAde dArA zukAha auraMgajhebanAM pAchaLa paDelAM lazkarone bhUlathApa Apato Apato AgrA dilhI lAhora mulatAna vagere sthaLoe bhAre hADamArIo veThI chevaTe kacchamAM Avyo. kacchanA mahArAva jAma tamAcI(1654-62)e dArAnAM sAlasatA ane vyaktitva tathA eNe ApelI udAra bheTathI prasanna thaI, enuM uSmAbharyuM svAgata karyuM. dArAnA bIjA putra siphira-zukohanI zAdI rAvanI putrI vere karavAmAM AvI. kacchanA mahArAva pAsethI madada meLavI dArAe saurASTramAM praveza karyo. navAnagaranA jAme ene jarUrI cIjavastuo ane vAhano pUrAM pADavAM. e pachI dArA amadAvAda Avyo (jAnyuArI 8, 1659). amadAvAdamAM sUbedAra zAhanavAjhakhAna bhAre viTaMbaNAmAM mukAyo. eNe pUrato vicAra karyA bAda dArAnA pakSe bhaLI javAnuM pasaMda karyuM ane ene AvakAravA sarakheja ga. zAhanavAjhakhAna sAthe divAna rahamatakhAna ane anya adhikArIo paNa hatA. dArAe amadAvAdamAM eka mahino sAta divasa rokAI, potAnA TekedAro ane sAdhana ekatra karyA. zaheramAM rAkhelI murAdabakSanI tamAma mAlamilakata tathA enI tijorImAMthI dasa lAkha rUpiyA laI ene upaga e lazkaranI jamAvaTa mATe karyo. dArAe gujarAta prAMtanA gauNa kakSAnA adhikArIene paNa lAMca ApI potAnA pakSe lIdhA. e pachI amInA nAmanA vaphAdAra adhikArI, jeNe zAhajahAMnI sUbedArI daramyAna gujarAtamAM kAma karyuM hatuM, tene surata mokalavAmAM Avyo. e adhikArIe surata jaI zAhI tijorImAMthI nANAM kaDhAvyAM ane lagabhaga 40 jeTalI che. amadAvAda mokalI ApI. suratanA phojadAre enA e kAryamAM koI avarodha Ubho karyo na hato. amadAvAdathI dArA zAhe ajamera javA vicAyuMpaNa e pahelAM dakhkhaNa bijApara ane govaLakeDAnA sulatAnone TekA meLavavA nakkI karyuM. rAjapUtano sahakAra pitAne maLI raheze evI kheTI AzAthI prerAIne ane baMgALamAMthI ca karatA zAhajAdA zujAe auraMgajhebanAM lazkarane harAvyAnA khoTA samAcArathI

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3 ju] akabarathI auraMgajheba utsAhita banIne e dakhaNamAM javAne badale ajamera tarapha javA nIkaLe (phebruArI 14, 1659). enI sAthe zAhanavAjhakhAna ane dIvAna rahamatakhAna uparAMta 22 hajAranuM azvadaLa tathA zaktizALI topakhAnuM hatAM. murAdabakSanI patnI tathA kuTuMbIjane, jene amadAvAdamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM, temane paNa sAthe levAmAM AvyAM. dArA pitAnA vatI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke rasaiyada jalAlanA bhAI saiyada ahamada bukhArIne nImyo. 27 ajameranI dakSiNe devarAInA ghATamAM thayelI bhISaNa laDAImAM darAnI hAra thaI, jemAM zAhanavAjhakhAna sahita ghaNuM umarAva mAryA gayA. dArA raNamedAnamAMthI nAsI jaI gujarAtamAM AvI pahoMcyo (mArca 19, 1659). amadAvAda tarapha jaI rahelA bhagnAza dArAne pIcho uttara gujarAtanA keLIe. divasarAta karatA rahyA ane lUMTaphATa karI enA mANasonI hatyA karatA rahyA. dArAnA parAjayanA samAcAra amadAvAda pahoMcatAM raMgajheba taraphI saradArakhAna ane enA TekedAroe dArA taraphathI amadAvAdamAM vahIvaTa mATe mUkelA sauyada ahamada bukhArIne keda karI lIdho ane amadAvAda tarapha AvatA dArA sAme zaheranuM rakSaNa karavA vyavasthA goThavI. dArAe ane enI chAvaNInA sarvee e samAcAra ghaNA saMtApa ane duHkhathI sAMbhaLyA ane amadAvAdathI dUra jatA rahI kacchanA rAjAnA Azraye javAnuM nakkI karyuM. e pATaDI ane haLavada thaI karachamAM pravezyo. kacchanA mahArAve bAdazAha auraMgajhebanI tAkAtathI DarI jaI, mughala sainyane enA pradezamAMthI pasAra thavA dIdhAM, eTaluM ja nahi, auraMgajhebe dArAne pIcho karavA mokalelA jayasiMha ane bahAdUrakhAnanI mahemAnagIrI paNa karI. jayasiMha ane bahAdurakhAna dArAne pIcho karI chevaTe ene belanaghATa pAse balUca pradezamAMthI keda karI didhI laI AvyA, jyAM ene kUratA bharI rIte mArI nakhAze. have auraMgajhebe gujarAtanI sUbedArI jodhapuranA mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhane eNpI. rahamatakhAnane prAMtanA dIvAna tarIke ane kubudInakhAna pezagIne soraTha (saurASTra) pradezanA phejadAra tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA. bIje varSa saradArakhAnane bharUcano phojadAra nImavAmAM Avyo. mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha (I.sa. 1659-62). I.sa. 1658 mAM zAhajAdo murAdabakSa, je gujarAtane subedAra hatA, tenA patana pachI zAMtidAsa jhaverIe mathurAthI uttaramAM kUca karatA auraMgajhebanA e darabAramAM hAjara thaI enI kRpA meLavI ane enI pAsethI be karamAna meLavyAM hatAM (ogasTa 10, 1658). dArA zukAhanI zodhamAM lAhera jatAM mArgamAM

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72] mughala kAla 'satalaja kAMThe auraMgajhebane mukAma e vakhate hato. bemAMnA eka pharamAnamAM to zAMtidAsa jhaverIne zAhI chAvaNI choDI amadAvAda emanA vatanamAM javA paravAnagI apAI hatI ane emAM gujarAta jevA mahatvanA prAMtanI prajAnI sukhAkArI aMge auraMgajhebe pitAnI lAgaNI vyakta karI hatI. bIjuM pharamAna gujarAtanA dIvAna rahamatakhAna para lakhAyuM hatuM, jemAM murAdabakSane ApavAmAM AvelI lenanA badalAmAM zAhI tijorImAMthI eka lAkha rUpiyA zAMtidAsane cUkavavA Adeza apAye hate. - auraMgajhebanI bIjI vAranI vidhisaranI tAjapozI thaI (jUna, 1659) te pahelAM keTalAka divasa agAu auraMgajhebe keTalAMka pharamAna bahAra pADyAM hatAM, jemAM e pitAnA navA zAsananI zarUAta kevI rIte karavA mAge che e jovA maLe che. mughala bAdazAhatane badhA prAMto para e pharamAna mokalAyAM hatAM. evuM eka pharamAna gujarAtanA dIvAna rahamatakhAna para mokalAyuM hatuM temAM bhAga jevA kephI padArtho ane cIjonuM utpAdana thAya tevA tamAma jAtanA choDanuM vAvetara baMdha karI anya khetIviSayaka cIjonI khetI karavAno Adeza ApyA hato. mughala bAdazAhanI (zAhI) jamInamAM AvelAM paragaNAMnA adhikArIone (kaDIone) ane jAgIradArene paNa e pharamAnanI jANa karI cetavaNI ApavAnI hatI ke pharamAnane bhaMga karanAra sajAne pAtra thaze.28 gujarAtanA sUbedAra mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhane dakhkhaNamAM jaI zivAjI sAme kAmagIrI karI rahelA zAIstakhAnane madade javA ane seraThanA phojadAra kubuddInane navo sUbedAra mokalAtAM sudhI gujarAtanI sUbedArIne kAmacalAu havAle saMbhALavAnA Adeza apAyA. kubuddInanI TUMkI sUbedArI daramyAna keTalAka mahatvanA banAva banyA, jemAM navAnagarane AMtarika ItihAsa mokhare rahyo. navAgarano jAma mughala bAdazAhano khaDiyo rAjA hato, e gujarAtanA sUbedArane vazavata hato. 1660mAM jAma raNamalajInuM avasAna thatAM gAdIvArasAnA praznane lIdhe je samasyAo sarjAI tenA pariNAme lagabhaga aDadhI sadI sudhI navAnagara muslima vahIvaTa nIce rahyuM. raNamalajInA avasAna pachI enA nAnA bhAI rAyasiMha caturAIpUrvaka rAjagAdI hAtha karI, tethI raNamalajInI rANIe jAmanA (kahevAtA) putra satAjIne gAdIvArasa tarIkene hakaka AgaLa karI gujarAtanA sUbedAra kubuddInane phariyAdaarajI karI, jeNe nikAla mATe bAdazAha pAse rajUAta karI. auraMgajhebe rAyasiMhane gAdIethI uThADI mUkavA ane enA nAnA bhatrIjA satAjIne gAdIe besADavA

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3ju ] akabarathI raMgajheba [73 hukama karatAM kubuddIne moTA lazkara sAthe navAnagara para caDAI karI. navAnagarathI lagabhaga bAra mAIla dUra zekhapATa gAme baMne pakSo vacce laDAI thaI, jemAM jAma rAyasiMha mAryo gayo (phebruArI, 1663). kubuddIne satAjIne gAdI para ArUDha karyo. sAthosAtha zAhI pharamAna heThaLa navAnagarane "islAmanagara" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM ane e rAjya tathA hAlAra pradezamAM AvelA enA tAbAnA pradeza sahita ene saurASTramAM AvelA zAhI pradezanA bhAgarUpa banAvavAmAM AvyuM. 16 daramAM mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhane parata bolAvavAmAM Avyo ane navA sUbedAra tarIke mahAbatakhAnane mokalavAmAM Avyo. mahAbatakhAna (I.sa. 166-68) mahAbatakhAnanA samayamAM IDara paragaNAmAM mAthAbhAre kALIo ane baMDakhAra lokoe moTo upadrava macAvyo, tethI ene DAmI devA bharUcanA phejadAra saradArakhAnanI IDara badalI karavAmAM AvI. e samaye uttara gujarAtamAM eka sAhasika balUce pitAne dArA zukala tarIke oLakhAvI viramagAma ane cUMvALanI AjubAjunA jillAmAM potAnA TekedArono varga Ubho karyo. A pradezamAM mAthAbhAre kALIo balUcanI sAthe joDAyA ane ene rakSaNa ApyuM, tethI ja mahAbatakhAne jAte kUca karI balUcane nasADI mUkyo, ane koLIe ane emanA saradArano pIcho karyo. 29 uttara gujarAtanI A bhayaMkara vidrohI svabhAvanI jAtione aMkuzamAM rAkhavA navA phejadAra tarIke bahAdurakhAnanA putra zerakhAna babInI cUMvALanA phejadAra tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI ane ene 700 nuM azvadaLa ApavAmAM AvyuM. 1664 nA jAnyuArImAM zivAjIe surata para prathama vAra caDAI karIne suratanuM samRddha baMdara lUMTayuM. zivAjInA gayA bAda mahAbatakhAna potAnA tAbA nIcenI sarakAranA phojadAra ane emanI senAo sAthe surata AvI pahoMcyo, paNa e zivAjIno pIcho karI zake ema na hatuM. traNa mahinA suratamAM rokAI e bAjunA hidu jamInadAro pAsethI traNa lAkha rUpiyAnI pezakaza ugharAvI mahAbatakhAna amadAvAda pAcho pharyo. saurASTranA lekenI kubuddInakhAna viruddha ghaNI phariyAdo dilhI pahoMcI hovAthI ene dUra karI ene sthAne saradArakhAnane mUkavAmAM Avyo. saradArakhAnanAM kuzaLa vahIvaTa ane vaphAdArI mATe auraMgajhebane bhAre mAna hatuM. navembara, 1664 mAM saradArakhAnane eka pharamAna mekalavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, jemAM ene enA

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sughala kAla [tra. tAkhAnA pradezanI sthiti sudhAravA banatA badhA ja prayatna karavA ane ekasarakhe nyAya ApI leAkeAmAM vizvAsa punaH sthApita karavA temaja vahIvaTanI AkarI paddhatithI bacavA jamIteA tyajI daI nAsI jatA lokAne rAkavA ene anurAdha karavAmAM AvyA. saradAra khAte 1684mAM peAtAnuM avasAna thatAM sudhI e pada saMbhALyuM 74 aura'gajhebe mughala sAmrAjyanA vahIvaTa mATe ghaNAM ramAna bAhara pADayAM hatAM temAMnAM bArekathI vadhu zAhI kamAna * mirAte ahamadI'mAM pUrNa vigate ApavAmAM AvyAM che, je gujarAtane lagatAM DeAvAthI vizeSa dhyAnapAtra banI rahe che. eka kramAna(navembara 20, 1665)mAM saMkhyAbaMdha gerakAnUnI verA varNavI enI nAbUdI mATe Adeza ApavAmAM AvyA che. e verA zAhI sUcanA viruddha sUbAnA adhikArIoe nAkhelA hatA ema emAM spaSTa kahevAmAM Avyu che, e verA zahera ane gAmanI prajA mATe bhAre majArUpa heAvA joIe. aura gajhebe gujarAtanI prajAnA sAmAjika ane dhArmika utsaveA sAme manAI ramAvI hatI. pAMcama amAsa ane ekAdazInA divase hiMdue peAtAnI dukAnA baMdha rAkhe che te kheATu' che, kAraNa ke enAthI vastuenI kharIda-vecaNImAM agavaDa paDe che, ethI dukAneA badhA vakhata khullI rahe e mATe adhikArIone takedArI rAkhavA mAnyuM. amadAvAda zahera ane enAM paragaNAMmAM divALInI rAte karavAmAM AvatI rAzanI ane heALInA tahevAramAM pragaTAvavAmAM AvatI hoLI aTakAvavA khAsa anureAdha karAyA hatA. zAhI adhikArIone hukama. karAyA hatA ke je keTalAka kArIgarA hAthI-gheADA jevAM pUtaLAM banAvI Ida ane zokharAta jevA prasaMgeAe vece che te aTakAvavuM ane e banAvavAnI manAI karavI. 1665 mAM eka pharamAnathI bAdazAhatamAM cIjavastue|nA vecANa para levAtI AbakArI jakAta ekasarakhA dhoraNe dAkhala karavAmAM AvI. 1668 mAM mahAbatakhAnane parata melAvAyA ane enI jagyAe auraMgajhebe peAtAnA vizvAsu senApatiemAMnA eka bahAdurakhAna ( khAnajahAM kAkA), je alAhAbAdanA sUbedAra hatA, tene nImyA. ahAdurakhAna (I.sa. 1668-70) bahAdurakhAnane vahIvaTa lagabhaga aDhI vaSaeN cAlyeA. 1669-70mAM pazcima kAMThAnA jajirAnA sIdI zAsakane surata khAtenA mughala naukAdaLane kaptAna nImavAmAM AvyeA. Ama surata zahera ane sIdInA saMbaMdha cAlu thayA, je 1759 sudhI cAlu rahyA.

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3 ju..] akabarathI aura'gajhema [et 1668 thI 1670 daramyAna keTalAMka vahIvaTI pagalAM levAmAM AvyAM. amadAvAda jillAnA havelI paragaNAmAM AvelI aDAlajanI vAvane prAMtIya tijorImAMthI be hajAra rUpiyA khacI durasta karAvavAmAM AvI. eka hukamamAMDhAra paranI jakAta rAkhetA mujaba eTale ke dara varSe mULa kiMmata para muslime pAsethI aDhI TakA ane hiMdu pAsethI pAMca TakA pramANe levAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.. gAmaDAMnA leAkeAe zAhI sainikA ane pAyadaLanA sainikAne khAdhAkhArAkI devA. pramANamAM pUrI pADavI enI vigatA ApavAmAM AvI hatI ane e leAkAe karelA kharca emanI pAsenA zAhI laheNAmAMthI majare kApI ApavA karADI adhikArIone sUcanA ApavAmAM AvI hatI. amadAvAda khAte rAjyanA kAme khelAvavAmAM AvatA kaDiyA sutAra ane bIjA kArIgare te nIcAM vetana maLatAM. hAvAnI phariyAda parathI emane zaheranA anya kArIgarAte je dare vetana maLe che te darathI vetana ApavA hukama karAyA hatA. auraMgajheba rAjyanAM jAhera karyAne bhAre mahattva Apate. ene samAcAra maLyA ke gujarAtanA adAlatI adhikArIe. adAlatamAM mAtra e divasa ane sUmedAranA darabAramAM paNa mAtra e divasa. hAjara rahe che ane anya divase rajAnA divaseA tarIke gALe che, e jANIne ene bhAre navAI lAgI,tethI eNe gujarAtanA dIvAna para hukama mekalI jaNAvyuM ke havethI nyAyAdhIzeAe aDavADiyAmAM pAMca divasa adAlatamAM hAjara rahevu, eka divasa sUkSmadAranA darabAramAM hAjara rahevu ane zukravAre rajA pALavI. 1670 mAM bahAdurakhAnane dakhkhaNanA yuddhane havAlA saMbhALI levA javAne hukama karAyA ane enI jagyAe mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha, je e' vakhate murahAnapuranI chAvaNImAM hatA, tene nImavAmAM AvyA. jazavaMtasiMha Ave tyAM sudhI kutbuddInakhAnane vahIvaTa calAvavA Adeza apAyA hatA. mahArAjA jazava'tasiha (bIjI vAra I.sa. 1670-72) mAna jazavaMtasiMhanI khedArInlRA samayamAM navAnagaranI gAdI para jAma tamAcIne punaHsthApita karavAmAM Avye. anya noMdhapAtra banAvAmAM eka zAhI (jUna 12, 1672) vizeSa dhyAnapAtra che. e dIvAna muhammada hAzImakhAnane sa MkheAdhIne lakhAyuM hatuM. e krUramAnamAM 33 prakAranA gunAe ane ene mATenI sAe varNavavAmAM AvI che. e pharamAnane auraMgajhebanA zAsananA laghu phoja-dArI dhArA' kahI zakAya. saurASTramAM haLavada rAjyanI bAbatamAM mughala daramyAnagIrI karavAmAM AvI.

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76). mughala kAla [5. e A kAlane noMdhapAtra banAve che. jazavaMtasiMhane dhaMdhukA ane peTalAdanuM mahesUla ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dhaMdhukAne lIdhe jazavaMtasiMhane jhAlAvADa pradezanA gADha saMparkamAM AvavAnuM thayuM. e samaye tamAma jhAlA ThakarAto vaDe jazavaMtasiMha jhAlA hatA. enI rAjadhAnI haLavada hatI. 167ra mAM pitAnA avasAna pachI moTA bhAI caMdrasiMhanI hatyA karAvI e gAdIe Avyo hovAnI zaMkA pravartatI hatI. caMdrasiMhanI kuMvarI jodhapuranA rAThoDa kuLanA kuMvara sAthe paraNI hatI. enI caDavaNAthI sUbedAra jazavaMtasiMhe haLavada para AkramaNa karyuM, jemAM haLavadanA jazavaMtasiMhano parAjaya thayo ane te kacchamAM nAsI gayo. haLavada najaraalIkhAna bAbIne jAgIra tarIke apAyuM, je cha varSa sudhI ene kabaje rahyuM. enI pAsethI vAMkAneranA jhAlA rAjAe paDAvI lIdhuM, paNa 1680 nA arasAmAM rALa jazavaMtasiMhe pitAnI haLavadanI gAdI punaH prApta karI. auraMgajhebe paNa eka pharamAnathI (okaTobara 29, 1680) enuM nRpapada mAnya rAkhyuM. sUbedAra mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhanA samayamAM khaMbhAtanA baMdaranI paDatI thaI. vepArIo ane sAhasodAgaroe ene tyajI dIdhuM, kAraNa ke khaMbhAtano akhAta chIcharo banato jato hato ane jahAjone dhasI AvatI bharatIthI bhAre nukasAna thatuM hatuM. mughala darabAranA zreSTha manasIbadAromAMnA eka manasabadAra muhammada amInakhAnanI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka thatAM e amadAvAda najIka AvI pahoMcyo (julAI 28, 1672) ane mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha pAsethI sUbedArIno havAle lIdhe. muhammada amInakhAna (I.sa. 1972-82) gujarAtamAM muhammada amInakhAnano vahIvaTa enA mRtyu sudhI saLaMga dasa varSa jeTalA lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlyo e neMdhapAtra che. auraMgajhebe 1678mAM mAravADa kabaje karyuM ane tyAra bAda sisodiyA rAjapUtonA vaDA rANA rAjasiMhanA mevADa rAjya para eNe AkramaNa karyuM ane e jItI lIdhuM. e rANAno yuvarAja bhImasiMha eno badalo levA uttara gujarAtamAM AvelAM mughala paragaNuo para dhasI Avyo ane vaDanagara tathA vIsalanagara (disanagara) jevAM prAcIna nagaromAM vinAza sajI, bhAre lUMTaphATa karI cAlyo gayo.

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3 ju] akabarathI ragajheba (771979mAM IDarane rAjA rAva gopInAtha, je bahAravaTe caDela hato, teNe pitAnA gumAvelA pradeza pAchA meLavavA hilacAla karI ane IDara kabaje karI tyAM rahevA lAgyo. subedAra muhammada amInakhAne enI sAme potAnA eka adhikArI muhammada bahalola zeravAnIne mokalyo, jethI rAva gopInAtha IDarane tyAga karI potAnI salAmatI mATe DuMgara para AvelA gaDhamAM bharAya. jyAre zeravAnIe e gaDhane ghero ghAlI levAno prayAsa karyo tyAre e TakI na zakavAthI jaMgalamAM nAsI gayo, paNa atizaya aphINa levAthI enuM jaMgalamAM avasAna thatAM enuM mastaka utArI laI dilhI auraMgajheba pAse vistRta ahevAla sAthe. mokalI apAyuM. auraMgajhebe zeravAnInA kAryanI kadara karI, enI manasaba vadhArI ene IDaranA phojadAra tarIke nImyo. 1681 mAM amadAvAdamAM roTI-ramakhANa thayuM. ApelA varSe varasAda na AvavAthI khAdya cIjonA bhAva atizaya vadhI jatAM lokonA duHkhano pAra rahyo nahi, tethI gusse bharAyelA leke IdanA tahevAranA divase IdagAhamAMthI prArthanA karIne bhadramAM pAchA pharI rahelA mahammada amInakhAnane bajAramAM gherI vaLyA ane enI pAlakhI para patharA ane kacaro nAkhavA lAgyA. tarata ja AkhA zaheramAM ramakhANa thayAM. muhammada amInakhAne gusse na thatAM ToLAne zAMta pADavuM ane pachI bhadramAM jato rahyo. muhammada amInakhAne tephAna mATe javAbadAra evA zekha abubakarane eka mijabAnImAM AmaMtrI, jhera bheLaveluM taDabUca khavaDAvI kunehapUrvaka mArI nAkhyo. eNe siphatathI baLavo zAMta pADo ane leka para julama na karyo. | mullAM hasana muhammada gujarAtInI vinaMtI parathI auraMgajhebe 1973-74 mAM vijApura kaDI ane pATaNa paragaNAMmAMthI 21 gAmaDAM badalIne vIsalanagara(visanagara)mAM joDI devA maMjUrI Apato hukama Apyo hato. cAra varSa bAda e paragaNune "rasUlanagara" nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. 1978mAM dIvAnane Adeza ApavAmAM Avyo hato ke gunAnI sajA mATe muslima kAyadA pramANe daMDa tarIke nANAM levAM nahi. jo koI amIra athavA jAgIradAra gune kare che. ene nokarImAMthI kADhI mUkavo ke kedanI sajA karavI, paNa kaI rakama daMDa tarIke levI nahi. auraMgajhebe 1679mAM vahIvaTI taMtrane kurAnanA Adarzo pramANe goThavavAnI nIti apanAvI. eNe eka zAhI pharamAna dvArA sAmrAjyanA tamAma binamuslime (hiMduo) para jajiyAre pharI nAkhyo ane ene amala karavAnuM

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mughala kAla [pra. kArya inAyatullAkhAnane soMpyuM. jajiyAre akabare 1564 mAM kADhI nAkhyo hato. mirAte ahamadImAM jaNAvyA pramANe ekalA gujarAtamAMthI ja e karanI Avaka varSe pAMca lAkha rUpiyAnI thatI hatI. je hiMdu athavA anyadhamI (khristI yahUdI pArasI vagere) IslAmadharma svIkAre tene turata ja jajiyAmAMthI mukti ApavA pharamAna karAyuM hatuM. muhammada amInakhAnanI sUbedArI daramyAna jAhera bAMdhakAmonI jALavaNI mATe tathA killAonI durastI mATe bhAre kALajI levAmAM AvI. lagabhaga rUA. 8,250 nA kharce vAtraka nadI para Avela AjhamAbAdane gaDha samarAvavAmAM AvyA. jUnAgaDhane "uparakeTa' nAmathI oLakhAte kille paNa durasta karAvavAmAM Avyo. 1676mAM rU. 2,900nA kharce amadAvAda pharatI dIvAlo ane bhadra killAnAM zAhI nivAsasthAna durasta karavAmAM AvyAM. dAhodamAM eka majida ane musApharakhAnuM bAMdhavA 1676 mAM rUA. 76,300 maMjura karavAmAM AvyA hatA. muhammada amInakhAnanuM avasAna amadAvAdamAM thatAM (jUna, 1982) bAdazAha auraMgajhebe enI jagyAe mukhatArakhAnane sUbedAra tarIke nImyo. mukhatArakhAna (I.sa. 1682-85) mukhatArakhAnanI sUbedArI daramyAna amadAvAdamAM pANInAM pUra ane duSkALa evI be Aphata AvI paDI hatI. mukhatArakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM (eprila 24, 1685) suratanA sUbA kAratalabakhAnane gujarAtanA sUbA tarIke nImyo. kAratalabakhAna urphe zujAtakhAna (I.sa. 1685-1701). A subedAre soLa varSa sudhI kAmagIrI karI. enA puragAmI muhammada amInakhAnane samaya paNa lagabhaga dasa varSa jeTalo lAMbe rahyo hato. A sUcave che ke bAdazAha auraMgajhebe 1681 pachI pitAnuM vaDuM mathaka dakhaNamAM rAkhyuM hatuM ane tyAM marAThAo sAme lazkarI caDAIomAM rokAyelA hovAthI enuM dhyAna vahIvaTamAM ekAgra rahetuM nahi hoya eTale sUbedArone badalI karyA vagara emanA sthAne lAMbA samaya sudhI cAlu rAkhyA hatA. vaLI mAravADamAM rAThoDa saradAra durgAdAsanI gerIlA pravRttio khataranAka banatI hovAthI 1687 mAM auraMgajhebe gujarAtanI sUbedArI ane jodhapuranI phojadArIne saMyukta karavAne nirNaya karyo ane kAratalabakhAnane "zujAtakhAnano khitAba ApI e baMne kAmagIrI seMpI..

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3 juJ akabarathI auraMgajheba [79 varSamAM cha mahinA sujAtakhAna mAravADamAM raheto ane bAkIno samaya gujarAtamAM raheto. A krama eNe potAnA avasAna sudhI cAlu rAkhe. durgadAsa ane zujAtakhAna vacce chUTIchavAI laDAIo lagabhaga dasa varSa sudhI cAlatI rahI. zujAtakhAnane gujarAtamAM memanA ane matiyA lekenAM ramakhANone sAmano karavo paDyo. momanA ane matiyA leke imAmazAhI paMthanA hatA. A samaye emanA imAma tarIke saiyada zAhajI hatA. sauyada zAhajInI kIrti ghaNe dUra dUra sudhI phelAyelI hatI tethI emanA nivAsasthAna pIrANAmAM hajAro leke emanA caraNe bheTa dharavA ane aMgUThA para cuMbana karavA AvatA. gujarAtanA prAMtanA keTalAka mughala adhikArIoe emanA dharmacurata bAdazAha auraMgajhebanI kRpAo meLavavA, e saMpradAyanI rItinIti mUrtipUjaka prakAranI hevAnuM, bAdazAhane jaNAvyuM, tethI auraMgajhebe sUbedAra zujAtakhAnane hukama karyo ane saiyada zAhajIne pitAnA darabAramAM hAjara karavA jaNAvyuM. zujAtakhAne saiyada zAhajIne amadAvAda teDI lAvavA eka TukaDI pIrANuM mokalI. amadAvAdanA mArge AvatAM saiyada zAhajIe jhera laIne AtmahatyA karI, AthI uzkerAyelA matiyA ane emanA lekAe baLavo karyo. emaNe bharUcanA phejadArane mArI nAkhI bharUca kabaje kayuM, vaDodarAno phejadAra paNa emane dabAvI zako nahi, AthI zujAtakhAne najharaalIkhAna ane mubArIjhakhAna bAbInI AgevAnI nIce lazkara mokalyAM. bharUcane kille punaH kabaje karAyo. baLavAkhoro pAse koI pIDha lazkarI netA na hovAthI tathA laDAIno anubhava nahi hevAthI teo mughala senAno sAmano karI zakyA nahi. joke emanA vIratA ane jhanUnathI laDyA chatAM teomAMnA ghaNanI katala thaI ane ghaNA narmadA nadImAM DUbI maryAM." zutakhAnanA samayamAM zAhavadakhAnane vahIvaTI sudhAraNA mATe mokalavAmAM Avyo. prabhAsapATaNa ane mAMgaroLamAMthI maLI AvelA 1686 nI sAlanA be abhilekhamAM darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che te pramANe zAhavardIkhAne be sudhArA karyA. agAu evI prathA pracalita hatI ke purogAmIo emanI jAgIromAM pAkatA anAjane baLajabarIthI vepArIo pAsethI uccaka rakama laI vecI nAkhatA temaja teo bAdazAhe manAI pharamAvelA verA ugharAvatA hatA. zAhavadakhAne A baMne prathA kADhI nAkhyAnI jAherAta karI hatI.31 pitAnA tAbA nIcenAM paragaNuomAM khAcara ane kAThI lokeAnI vAraMvAra - dhADa paDatAM 1692 mAM zujAtakhAne moTA rasainya sAthe jhAlAvADa pradezamAM praveza

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80). mughala kAla [ , karyo, tyAM bAkI rahelI khaMDaNI vasUla lIdhI, ane kAThIonA vaDA mathaka thAnagaDha para hale karI e kabaje karyo ane prAcIna samayanuM sUryamaMdira jamInadosta karyuM. kAThIo ene sAmano na karI zakatAM vikherAI gayA, paraMtu 1698 mAM kAThIoe dhaMdhukA paragaNAmAM vaLI pAchI trAsajanaka pravRttio zarU karI. e samaye A paragaNuM durgAdAsa rAThoDanA hastaka hatuM. e paragaNunA durgAdAsanA pratinidhie zujAtakhAnane madada mATe vinaMtI karatAM, jUnAgaDhanA phojadArane enI madade javA Adeza ApavAmAM AvyuM. junAgaDhanA phojadAronI kAmagIrI 17 mI sadInA aMtathI saurASTramAM zAhI jamIna para sattA TakAvI rAkhavAnI ja rahI. teo saurASTranA rAjapUta ane anya rAjAo saradAra vagere pAsethI khaMDaNI ugharAvavAmAM asaphaLa rahetA, AthI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA vaSe viSe lazkara sAthe savArI karavI paDatI, je "malakagIrI" nAmathI oLakhAI | gujarAtamAM 1685 ane 1986mAM varasAdanI satata taMgI ane dukALane lIdhe anAjanI bhAre kheMca paDI ane khAdya cIjonA bhAva ghaNuM vadhyA. A gALAmAM sarakAra taraphathI anAja paranA verA mApha karavAmAM AvyA. 169495 mAM paNa surata bharUca amadAvAda ane bIjA sthaLoe daridratA pUra ane rogacALAne lIdhe moTI saMkhyAmAM maraNa noMdhAyAM. anAjanI kiMmata eTalI badhI vadhI gaI ke zujAtakhAne vividha paragaNuonA musaddIone vepArIonI anAja saMgrahakhorI aTakAvavA ane sarakArane utpAdanamAM rahelo hisso amadAvAda mokalI ApavA hukama mekalAvyA hatA. e anAja tyAM rAjyanA aMkuza nIce vAjabI bhAve vecavAnuM hatuM. auraMgajhebanA samayamAM gujarAtamAM chelle dukALa 1696-97 mAM paDyo hato. auraMgajhebe zAsananA 38 mA varSe eTale ke 1694 mAM sUbA zujAtakhAnane vaDanagaranuM hiMdu maMdira, je ghaNuM karIne hATakezvara mahAdevanuM hatuM, tene nAza karavA hukama karyo, jene amala karavA phejadAra muhammada mubArijha bAbIne mokalavAmAM AvyA. zujAtakhAnane lAMbo zAsana-samaya ekaMdare ghaNI zAMti ane sArA vahIvaTane rahyo, vahIvaTamAM je UNapa hatI te dUra karavAmAM AvI ane prajAkalyANa ane kAryakSama vahIvaTa para bhAra apAyo. A samayamAM ghaNI ImArate durasta karAvAI. 1690mAM vAtrakakAMThe AjhAmAbAdane gaDhabaMdhAyA ane 1692 mAM jUnAgaDhanA phojadAra zeraaphaghAnakhAnanI bhalAmaNa parathI dvArakAnA kilAnI dIvAlanuM samArakAma thayuM. amadAvAda zaheranI dIvAlo ane kAMkariyA taLAvanA bagIcAmAM Avela makAnanI

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3 ju] akabarathI eraMgajheba 8i1 durastI mATe 4,254 rUpiyA vaparAyA. pATaNamAM bAbA ahamade baMdhAvela jAmI masjidane punaruddhAra karavA 1,200 rUpiyA maMjUra karavAmAM AvyA hatA. dAhodanI masjida, amadAvAdamAM mujhamapura parAnI majida ane asAvala khAtene abu turAbano rejo A samaye samArakAma pAmyAM. zujAtakhAnanA samayamAM sarakArI kacerInA ghaNA paTAvALAone pagAra apAtA nahi hovAthI teo nAgarikone zera o ane galIomAM rokatA ane emanI pAsethI paisA paDAvatA, AthI 1688 mAM bAdazAhe adhikArIone pagAra vagara paTAvALAone nokarImAM nahi levA mATe ane je paTAvALAo nekarImAM hoya teoe evI rIte nANAM nahi levA mATe hukama karyo. soraTha sUbAmAM adhikArIo taraphathI adAlatanI sanado rajU karavA mATe lokone herAnagatio karavAmAM AvatI ane emanI jamIne paNa jata thatI. dIvAnane prastuta bAbatamAM yogya rIte tapAsa karavA ane japta karAyelI jamIne punaH soMpavA hukama apAya. zarApho je ochA vajanavALA sikkA calaNamAM hatA te letI vakhate bhAre vaTAva letA hatA e prathA baMdha karAvavAmAM AvI. sinera paragaNA(vaDodarA jillA)mAM phojadAra ane bIjA amaladAro brAhmaNane TapAlInuM kAma karavAnI pharaja pADatA hatA evI bAtamI maLatAM zujAtakhAne adhikArIone tema na karavA hukama mokalAvyo (1696-97). zujAtakhAnanA samayamAM keTalAMka agatyanAM bAMdhakAma thayAM. emAM khaMbhAtamAM 1695mAM baMdhAyele lAlabAga, amadAvAdamAM 16 99 mAM bAhazAhatanA vaDA kAjhI muhammada akarAme baMdhAvela madaresA ne bharijada ane peTalAdamAM 169899mAM baMdhAyelI vAva noMdhapAtra che. zujAtakhAne pote paNa amadAvAdamAM madaresA baMdhAvI zikSaNane urojana ApavA prayAsa karyo hato. sujAtakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM (1701) auraMgajhebe pitAnA trIjA putra zAhajAdA AjhamazAhane gujarAta ane jodhapurane sUbedAra banAvyo. zAha jAde AjhamazAha (I.sa. 171-1705) zAhajAdA mummada AjhamazAhanI sUbedArI daramyAna keTalAka noMdhapAtra banAva banyA. agAu kahyA mujaba durgAdAsanI AgevAnI nIce bAdazAha auraMgajhebe rAThoDe sAthe samAdhAna svIkAryuM hatuM. paraMtu ajitasiMhane potAne maLelI jAgIrathI saMtoSa na hatuM. e mAravADanuM samagra rAjya jItI levA Atura hato. zujAtakhAnanA avasAnathI (171) enA para rahele aMkuza ja rahyo.

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(2] mughala kAla [pra. ajitasiMhanA e valaNathI nAkhuza banelA bAdazAha auraMgajhebe zAhajAdA AjhamazAhane hukama karyo ke ajitasiMhanI sArI vartaNUka ane vaphAdArI mATe khAtarI ApanAra durgAdAsane mughala darabAramAM hAjara thavA kahevuM ane je durgAdAsa e hukamanuM pAlana na kare to ene mArI nAkhavo. e samaye durgAdAsa pATaNanA phojadAra tarIke hato. zAhajAdA AjhamazAhe ene amadAvAdamAM hAjara thavAnuM pharamAvatAM, eNe pitAnI lazkarI TukaDI sAthe amadAvAda AvI pahoMcI vADajamAM mukAma karyo. paNa sUbedAra enI sAthe melI ramata ramavA mAge che evo vahema paDatAM durgAdAse potAnA taMbuone Aga cAMpI jhaDapathI pATaNa tarapha kUca karI. subedAra AjhamazAhe ene pIcho karavA saphadarakhAna bAbI sahita keTalAka adhikArIone lazkara sAthe pATaNa tarapha mokalyA. jyAre bAbInuM lazkara tyAM pahoMcavA AvyuM tyAre durgAdAsane vIra pautra ene prabaLatAthI sAmano karavA tatpara banyo ane eNe tyAre pitAmahane gujarAta cheDI mAravADa tarapha javA anurodha karyo. ghaNI nArAjIthI durgAdAse pATaNa choDayuM ane e UMjhA Avyo. daramyAnamAM ane pautra mughala sainya sAthe thayelA mukAbalAmAM marAyo. durgAdAse potAnA kuTuMbane ekatra karI, chevaTe tharAdanI uttare thaI mAravADa tarapha kUca karI. thAkeluM ane nirAza thayeluM mughala sainya pATaNa pAchuM pharyuM ane tyAM nimAyelA durgAdAsanA keTavALane mArI nAMkhI pATaNa para kabajo meLavyo ane amadAvAda khAlI hAthe pAchuM pharyuM. tyAra bAda bIjAM cAra varSa (1772-1705) sudhI ajitasiMha ane durgAdAsa mAravADamAM mughalone parezAna karatA rahyA, paNa chevaTe auraMgajheba sAthe durgAdAse samAdhAna karyuM ane ene traNa hajAranI manasaba ane gujarAtamAMnI enI jagyA pAchI ApavAmAM AvI. zAhajAdA AjhamazAhane jodhapuranI paNa sUbAgIrI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. tyAM eNe potAnA nAyaba tarIke jApharakulIne nImyo hato. Ajhama zAhe amadAvAdamAM AvyA bAda joyuM hatuM ke bhadranAM zAhI nivAsasthAna satanatanA samayathI baMdhAyelAM hatAM. e ene rucikara lAgyAM nahi, tethI suratamabAga ane gulAbabAga khAte navAM zAhI raheThANa bAMdho hukma Apyo ane e be dhAtA sudhI pote taMbuomAM rahyo ! AjhamazAhanA samayamAM auraMgajheba je enA 84mA varSamAM hatuM, tenA taraphathI keTalAMka pharamAna AvyAM, je agAunI jema enI dhArmika asahiSNutAnI nIti darzAvatAM hatAM. 1702 mAM jyotiSIone paMcAMga

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juJ akabarathI auraMgajheba [ 83 banAvavA para pratibaMdha pharamAvyo. e ja varSamAM AvelA bIjA eka pharamAnamAM somanAtha maMdiramAM je hiMduoe pUjApATha karavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM hoya to e maMdirane saMpUrNa nAza karavAnuM pharamAvavAmAM Ave 32 auraMgajhebanI sunnI-pararata nItino ziyApaMthI vaheArA paNa bhAga banyA. 1703mAM IsA ane tAja nAmanA be vaheone pitAnA paMthane pracAra karavA sababa baMnene keda pakaDIne mughala darabAramAM mokalavAmAM AvyA. mane cheDAvavA mATe vaherAonA vaDA mullAM khAnajIe prayatna karyA ane e mATe amadAvAdamAM 1,14,000 jeTalA rUpiyA ekatra karyA, jenI mAhitI auraMgajhebane maLatAM eNe prAMtanA dIvAna para hukama mokalAvyo. emAM mullAne ane emanA sAthIone keda karI ekatra karela bhaMDoLa ane emanA dharmapracAra mATenAM tamAma pustako sAthe mokalI ApavA hukama karyo. vadhumAM e paNa kahyuM ke amAvAda ane paragaNAnA vArA lokonAM saMtAnone ane emanI jAtinA pukhtavayanA lokone sunnI paMthanAM dharmavacanonuM zikSaNa ApavA prabaMdha karavo ane e mATenA kharce emanI pAsethI vasUla levo. amadAvAdamAM zAhI kArakhAnAmAM je suMdara kalAmaya kAmagIrIvALAM rezamabharatavALAM pizAka kApaDa vagere taiyAra thatAM hatAM tene gujarAtanI bhavya kalAsiddhi gaNAvI ene jALavavA mATe auraMgajhebe 1703-1703 mAM zAhajAdA AjhamazAha para Adeza mokalAvyo hato. auraMgajhebe potAnA 86 mA varSe pitAnI janmabhUmi dAhodane yAda karI enA rahevAsIonuM kalyANuM karavA ane tyAMnA junA phojadArane cAlu rAkhavA AjhamazAha para eka pharamAna mokalAvyuM hatuM. dAhodamAM bAdazAhanA janmavALA sthaLe eka majida paNa bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI. - 1703mAM marAThAone bhaya surata para pAche Ubho thayo hato. zAhajAdA AjhamazAhane amadAvAdanI AbehavA mAphaka AvatI na hatI tethI enI vinaMtIthI ena auraMgajhebe pAcho bolAvI lIdho (1705) ane enI jagyAe kAzamIranA sUbA ibrAhImakhAna Ave tyAMsudhI yogya adhikArIne havAlo soMpavAnuM kahevAmAM AveluM eTale zAhajAdAe dIvAna abdula hamIdane havAle ane e potAnI lazkarI TukaDIo sAthe burahAnapura javA vidAya thayo. enI vidAya bAda traNeka mahinAmAM dhanAjI jAdavanI AgevAnI nIce paMdara hajAranuM baLavAna marAThA lazkara dakSiNa gujarAta para caDI AvyuM. dIvAna abadula hamIdakhAnamAM marAThAone pahoMcI vaLavAnI lazkarI kuneha na hatI. suratathI marAThAonA AgamananA samAcAra maLatAM eNe najaraalIkhAna ane saphadarakhAna

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84 ] sughala kAla [x, bAbIne marAThAone hAMkI kADhavA sUcanA ApI ane vaDAdarA temaja bIjAM sthaLAnA phojadArAne sAthe joDAIne surata javA kahevAmAM AvyuM. ekatrita thayela e mughala lazkare bharUcanI pUrve na`dA kAMThe Avela ratanapura pAse paDAva nAkhyA hatA tyAM marAThAoe ekAeka AvIne enA para haleA karyAM. e vakhata thayelA mukAbalAmAM mughala lazkarane karuNa rakAsa thayA. sadarakhAna bAbI ghavAye ane ene kedI banAvAyA. najaraalIkhAnane peAtAnA rakSaNa mATe nAsavuM paDayuM. marAThA ratanapuranI laDAI ( mArca 4, 1706 )thI utsAhita khanI AgaLa vadhyA ane emaNe narmadA nadI eLa`gI. A vakhate najaraalIkhAnane madada karavA mATe moTI senA laIne AvelA dIvAna abdula hamIdakhAna sAthe emane mukAbale thayA, jemAM marAThAone javala Mta vintha maLyA. abdula hamIdakhAnanA lazkare nAsabhAga karI mUkI. e pote tathA najaraalIkhAna marAThAonA kedI banyA. marAThAoe mulAnA zastrasara MjAma ane anya mAlasAmAna kabaje karyA ane AjubAjunAM nagarAmAMthI ane gAmAmAMthI khaMDaNI vasUla lIdhI. e mubala lazkareAnA parAjayanA samAcArathI amadAvAdamAM bhAre gabharATa phelAyeA. sAraThanA phAjadAra muhammada egakhAte amadAvAda AvI navI rakSaNavyavasthA UbhI karI ane mahI nadInAM kAtarA sudhI rakSaNa-harALa sthApI. marAThAee je mudhala ubharAveAne keda pakaDelA temanAM pratiSThA ane sthAna jANI lIdhAM hatAM tethI emanA chuTakArA mATenI rakama laIne emane javA devAnI nIti apanAvI. abdula hamIdukhAna, sadarakhAna khAkhI ane najaraalIkhAne niyata meTI rakama bharIne peAtAnA chuTakAro meLavyA. auraMgajhebane gujarAtamAM gabhIra paristhiti jaNAtAM zAhajAdA muhammada Ajhamane moTA putra zAhajAdA bIdara bakhta, je e samaye burahAnapurA sammedAra hatA, tene satvara gujarAta paheoMcI javA ane niyukta thayelA sUbedAra brAhImakhAnanA AvatAM sudhI prAMtanI salAmatI jALavavA hukama ApyA, je phojadArI mAryA gayA athavA keda pakaDAyA hoya temane sthAne navA phAjadArAne nImavAnI sattA ene apAI hatI. zAhajAdA khIdara akhtanI nimaNUka thayAnA samAcAra jANI marAThA gujarAtamAMthI ghaNAM gAmaDAM tathA suratanI AsapAsanA pradezeAmAM lUTArTa karI tArAjI veratA ravAnA thayA. zAhajAdA suhammada khIdara akhta (I.sa. 1706-07) zAhajAdA muhammada khIdara khate amadAvAda AvI (julAI 1, 1706) zAhIbAgamAM mukAma karyAM ane vahIvaTa calAvavAnuM zarU karyuM. evAmAM ja samAcAra

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] akabarathI auraMgajheba [85 AvyA ke dvArakAnA mughala thANA para halle thayo che ane ene thANedAra mAryo gayo che. auraMgajhebane e samAcAra maLatAM dvArakAnA suvikhyAta maMdirane toDI pADavAne hukama karyo, paraMtu enA hukamanuM pAlana thayuM hatuM ke kema e jANI zakAtuM nathI. marAThAonA saMbhavita humalAone pratIkAra karavA gAjhIudInakhAna phirojhajaMga jevA bAhoza senApatine mokalavA ane vadhAre lazkarI kumaka mokalavA zAhajAdAe auraMgajhebane molAvelA saMdezAnA javAbamAM gujarAta sainikanI khANa hovAthI tyAMthI navI bharatI karI pAMca hajAranuM azvadaLa rAkhavA bAdazAhe pharamAna karyuM. sAta mahinAnA vahIvaTa bAda zAhajAdA muhammada bIdara bakhta, niyukta thayela sUbedAra IbrAhImakhAna kAzmIrathI amadAvAda AvatAM (phebruArI 8, 1707) vahIvaTane havAle ene soMpI dIdho. ibrAhImakhAna (1707) IbrAhImakhAne vahIvaTa saMbhALyA bAda thoDA divasamAM bAdazAha auraMgajhebanuM avasAna (mArca 3, 1707) thayAnA samAcAra AvyA. pAdaTIpa 1. Supplement to the Mirat-i-Ahmadi (Eng. Trans. by Nawab Ali and C. N. Seddon), p. 162 abula phajhala zAhI sUbAo(prAMtomAM taLa gujarAtamAM pATaNa, amadAvAda (jhAlAvADa sahitanuM), vaDodarA, godharA, cAMpAnera, nAMdoda, bharUca ane suratane tathA soraTha (saurASTra)no samAveza kare che, jyAre bAkInA pradeza hiMdu rAjAo athavA tAbedAra ke khaMDiyA rAjAonA hatA. 2. Elliot and Dowson, History of India, Vol. V, p. 384 3. Akbarnama, Vol. III. pp. 277-79 8. James Bird, History of Gujarat, p. 354 5. "mirAte ahamadI' (gujarAtI bhA.), va. 1, khaMDa 1 pR. 159-157 4. Akbarnama, Vol III, np. 948-49 . 7. "mirAte sikaMdarI' (gujarAtI bhA.), pR. 474 c. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Vol. II, pp. 182-83

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8 ] mughala kAla 4. Akbarnama, Vol. III, p. 410 20. M. S. Commissariat, 'History of Gujarat' Vol. II, p. 38 11. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Vol. 1, p. 188 12. murtajhAkhAne kaDImAM tathA bharUcamAM karAvelAM bAMdhakAmone samaya enA zilAlekhomAM hi.saM. 118 (I.sa.160-10) Apyo hoI I.sa.1608nI A tArIkha bAdazAhe potAnA pAyatakhtamAM lIdhelA nirNayanI samajavI ghaTe ane murtajhAkhAnanI kAmagIrIne havAle jahAMgIra kulIkhAne I.sa. 160lmAM saMbhALyo hovAnuM gaNavuM joIe.-saM. 13. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. 1, Part 1, p. 273 13-a. "mirAte ahamadI', (gujarAtI bhA.) . 1, khaMDa 1, pR. 194 98. W. Foster (Ed.), The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India, Vol. I, pp. 170-73 15. W. Foster, Early Travels in India, pp. 178, 206 16. 2. bhI. jeTa, gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 668-670 ? 29. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, Vol. I, p. 401 2. W. Foster (ed.), The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India, Vol. II, p. 124 16. W. Foster, (ed.), English Factories in India 1622-25, p. 87 20. zAhIbAganI mulAkAta jarmana pravAsI menDelassoe 1638mAM ane kenya pravAsI vivenoe 1666mAM laI enAM vakhANa karyA che. 18 mI sadInI madhyamAM lakhAyela "mirAte ahamadI'mAM zAhIbAganI bismAra hAlatanuM varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. DabhoInA kalekaTara jemsa phense paNa 1781mAM enI mulAkAta laI vistRta hevAla lakhyo che. 21. Edward Grey (trans.), The Travels of Pietro Della Valle, Vol. 1, p. 102 72 -24. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Vol. I, pp. 210-11 22. Ibid, p. 213 23. gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhaphara 3 jAe navAnagaranA rAjAone mahamUdI sikkA pADavAne adhikAra Apyo hato. mahamUdI sikkA navAnagara rAjyamAM "kerI' nAme oLakhAtA. jAme sikkA pADavAnuM baMdha karavA svIkAryuM, paNa pachInA samayamAM e pharI zarU thayuM. mirAte ahamadI' graMtha jyAre lakhAya tyAre navAnagaranI TaMkazALamAM pADavAmAM AvelA sikkA calaNamAM hatA. 76. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 132

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OM ju' ] akabarathI ra'gajheba [ 87 24. M. S. Commissariat, 'Imperial Mughal Farmans in Gujarat Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. IX, Part I, pp. 39-41 2. J. N. Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb, Vol. I, p. 322 29. Ibid., Vol. II, pp. 164-6; 2. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Vol. I, p. 247 2. Ibid., Vol. 1, p. 255 30. J. N. Sarkar, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 305 32. Corpus Inscriptionum Bhavnagari, pp. 47-49 32. Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Vol. I, pp. 352-53; J. N. Sarkar, op. cit., Vol. III, p. 320

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prakaraNa 4 mudhala hakUmatanI paDatI ane enA aMta ibrAhImakha'na (I.sa. 1707-1708) aura'gajhebanA avasAna pachI pAyatakhta mATe jhaghaDA thavA lAgyA e arasAmAM gujarAtamAM marAThAonAM AkramaNa thayAM. marAThA rAjA chatrapati zAhunA senApati dhanAjI jAdave gujarAta para khIja vAra AkramaNa karI khAsa karIne uttara gujarAtanA keTalAka jillAmAM vinAza sarjyo. the|DA vakhata pachI senApati bAlAjI vizvanAthe mALavAmAM thaI pUrva gujarAtamAM vizALa lazkara sAthe praveza karyAM. marAThA lUMTaphATa karatA ane Aga lagADatA, gAdharA ane mahudhA thai mahemadAvAda sudhI, AvI pahoMcyA. medAra brAhImakhAne Akasmika AvI paDelA bhayaneA sAmanA karavA tAbaDatAba pagalAM lIdhAM ane traNa divasamAM sAbaramatInI uttare rahetI muslima prajAmAMthI 8,000 nuM azvadaLa ane 3,000nuM bhUmidaLa taiyAra karyu ane emAM AjubAjunA vistAremAMthI kALIe ane rAjapUteAe bIjA 4,000 mANasa pUrA pADayA. brAhImakhAnanI madadamAM abdula hamIdakhAna, muhammada begakhAna, najaraalIkhAna, saphadarakhAna bAbI ane khIjA manasabadAre| ane phojadAre pAtapeAtAnA rasAlA tema tApakhAnAM sAthe sAmela thayA. amadAvAda zahera bahAra kAMkariyA taLAva para e adhAe paDAva nAkhI marAThAonI rAha jovA mAMDI. ATalI badhI meoTI saMkhyAmAM mughala senA taiyAra hatI chatAM amadAvAdanI parAM-vistAranI ane najIka AvelAM gAmaDAMonI prajAne peAtAnI salAmatI mATe vizvAsa besatA na hatA tethI bhayagrasta banelAM strI-puruSAe pAtAnAthI levAya teTaluM rAcaracIluM laIne amadAvAda zaheranI majabUta rakSaNu-vyavasthA taLe javA dhasArA karyAM. daramyAnamAM kUca karIne mahemadAvAda sudhI AvI paheAMcelA marAThA senAnA keTalAka sAhasikAe tA vaTavA gAma sudhI AvI paheAMcI lUMTa calAvI. khIjI Ajue mughala senAnA nirIkSaNa mATe nIkaLelA sUbedAra ibrAhImakhAne sainikAmAM

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mughala hakUmatanI paDatI... vyApelI hatAzA joI ane AgekUca karatA marAThAo sAme saphaLatA nahi maLe enI ene khAtarI thaI tethI eNe marAThAo sAthe suleha karavA vATAghATe calAvI. gujarAtamAM mughala zAsana mATe e divasa sauthI vadhu kamanasIba ane mAnabhaMga karanAra puravAra thayo ! sAdhanasaMpatti hovA chatAM bhAre rakama ApI zatrune vidAya karavAno samaya Ave e paNa vicitratA hatI. marAThA saradAra bAlAjI vizvanAtha, je TUMka samayamAM pezavA banavAno hato teNe marAThAonI vidAya mATe be lAkha ane daza hajAra rUpiyAnI mAgaNI muktAM, e rakama zAhI tijorImAMthI cUkavavAmAM AvI. marAThAonI vidAya pachI mughala senA ane adhikArIo amadAvAda pAchA AvatAM (me 8, 1707) rAjadhAnInI ane parAMvistAranI prajAe rAhata anubhavI. zAhaAlama (1) bahAdurazAhane rAjya amala (1703-1712) auraMgajhebanA avasAna pachI mughala bAdazAhapada mATe jAmelA saMgharSamAM auraMgajhebano bIjo zAhajAdo muhammada muAjhama vijayI banatAM (jana 1707) e "zAhaAlama bahAdurazAha khitAba dhAraNa karI takhta para beThe. bAdazAha banyA pachI enuM prathama pharamAna je mokalAyuM temAM ibrAhImakhAnane gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke cAlu rAkhavAnI maMjUrI ApavAmAM AvI. no bAdazAha gAdIe beThA pachI potAnA sUbedArane prajAnI sthiti sudhAravA, rAjyanuM mahesUla levA ane cora tathA lUMTArAonA upadravane DAmI devA kevAM sUcana Apato e A pharamAnamAMthI jovA maLe che. e pharamAna "mirAte ahamadImAM pApavAmAM AvyuM che. paraMtu ibrAhImakhAnane have sUbedArapada mATe icchA rahI na hovAthI mAtra sAta ja mahinAnI kAmagIrI karyA bAda potAnI jagyAnuM rAjInAmuM ApI, prAMtano havAle pitAnA nAyaba tarIke muhammada begakhAnane ApI e dilhI javA vidAya thaye (sapTembara, 25, 1908) gAjhIuddInakhAna bahAdura phirejha jaMga (Isa. 1708-10) . bAdazAha zAhaAlame gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke gAjhIuddIna khAna bahAdura phirojhajaMgane mokalyo. gAjhIuddInakhAne vahIvaTane vyavasthita karavA pheja daro ane thANedAronI navI nimaNUka karI; khaMDaNInI vasUlAta kaDakAIthI karI, ekatra karelI rakama bAdazAhane najarANAM tarIke arpaNa karI enI maherabAnI meLavI. khaMbhAta baMdarano AvakamAM paNa sudhAro karyo. vizvAsu saradArone mahatvanI jagyAo ApI, jemAM mIra abula kAsima, muhammada kAsima vagerene

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9] mughala kAla samAveza thato hato. jAsUsI khAtAne paNa eNe vyavasthita karyuM, kAraNa ke marAThAonI pravRttionI dilhI darabAra sudhI khabara maLatI rahe e jarUrI hatuM. gAjhI keddInakhAne bhadranA kilA najIka musApharakhAnuM masjida madaresA vagere baMdhAvyAM. amadAvAdamAM Avela zAhIbAga, kAMkariyAne bAga, rustama bAga vagere bAganuM samArakAma karAvyuM. enA samayamAM jamI marijadamAM ziyApaMthI dharmavacane vAMcavA saMbaMdhI bhAre virodha thayA. no bAdazAha zAhaAlama 1 le ziyApathI hato tethI eNe zukravAranI namAjamAM ziyApathI dharmavacano vAMcavA pharamAna kareluM hatuM. amadAvAdamAM jAmI majidamAM ene amala karavA jatAM tyAMnA khatIbanI hatyA karavAmAM AvI. banAsakAMThA jillAmAM dAMtAnA rAjA pAsethI khaMDaNI ugharAvIne amadAvAda AvatAM gAjhIuddInakhAnanuM avasAna thayuM (navembara 28, 1710). eNe barAbara rIte hisAba rajU karela na hovAthI bAdazAhanA hukamathI enI samagra milakata japta karavAmAM AvI. suratanA phojadAra amAnatakhAnane "zAhamatakhAnane khitAba ApI gujarAtanI sUbedArI saMbhALavAnuM pharamAvavAmAM AvyuM. zAmatakhAna (I.sa. 171-12) zAhamatakhAne amadAvAda pahoMcI hukama pramANe agAunA sUbedAra gAjhIuddInakhAnanI milakta japta karI. gujarAtamAM marAThAone na bhaya prasarI rahyo hovAthI ene pratIkAra karavA bhUmidaLanI ane topakhAnAnI racanA karavA. dara mahine sarakArI tijorImAMthI eka lAkha rUpiyAno kharca karavA devAnI vinaMtI karatAM bAdazAhe e maMjUra rAkhI. 1711 mAM khaMDerAva dabhADenI AgevAnI nIce marAThA cheka bharUca sudhI dhasI AvyA, paraMtu zAhamatakhAne emane aMkalezvara pAme sajajaDa hAra khavaDAvI. bAdazAha zAhaAlama 1 lAnA samayamAM sAmrAjyanA vajhIra asapha-3 - daulA AkhAnanI mudrAvALAM pAMca pharamAna bAdazAhanA nAme bahAra paDyAM hatAM. A pharamAna mAravADanA mahArAjA ajitasiMhanI tarapheNamAM hatAM. chellA pharamAna (navembara 12, 1711) mujaba soraThanI phejadArI mahArAjA ajita siMhane bakSavAmAM AvI hatI I.sa. 1712 mAM bAdazAha zAhaAlama 1 lAnuM avasAna thatAM ene zAhajAdo jahAMdarazAha gAdIe Avyo. bAdazAha jahAMdarazAhane rAjaya-amala (1712-13) jahAMdarazAhe pitAnA mAnItA saradAra asaphauddaulAne gujarAtanI sUbedArI . ApI ane muhammada begakhAnane nAyaba subedAra banAvyo.

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zuM] mughala ha matanI paDatI.... asalila (I.sa. 12-3) asaphauddolAnA samayamAM yogya phejadAra tathA thANadAronI pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvI. muhammada begakhAnane surata baMdarane vahIvaTa ApavAmAM AvyuM. nAyaba subedAra tarIke sara bula dakhAnane dilhIthI mUkavAmAM Avyo. sara bulaMdakhAne vahIvaTamAM sthiratA lAvavA prayAsa karyo. cuMvALanA koLIoe pharI trAsa phelAvavAnuM zarU karatAM emanI sAme abdurrahamAna ane abdurrahImane mekalavAmAM AvyA. e saradAroe kALIonAM keTalAMka gAma bALyAM ane lUTayAM. ane te koLIone harAvI teonpharIthI mughala sattA sAme mAthuM nahi UMcake evuM karAranAmuM karAvI dIdhuM. A samayamAM saradAra maheraalIkhAne prajA para trAsa gujArI baLajabarIthI jajiyAvero vasUla karavAnuM zarU karyuM. suratamAM muhammadakhAnanuM mRtyu thatAM, enI jagyAe sarabulaMdakhAne potAnA sALAnA dIkarAne nAme. bAdazAha banyA bAda dasa mahinA pachI jahAMdarazAhane padabhraSTa karI ene bhatrIjo pharUkhasiyara gAdIe AvyA (Disembara 31, 1712). bAdazAha pharkhasiyo rAjya-amala (1713-1719) karkhasiyare mALavAnA sUbedAra zAhamatakhAnane gujarAtane sUbedAra namatAM, zAhamatakhAna amadAvAda Avyo (jUna , 1713). zAhamatakhAna (pharI vAra) (I.sa. 1913) | dareka sUbedArane islAmI kAnUna pramANe prajAnuM rakSaNa karavA ane svaccha tathA nyAyI vahIvaTa karavA rAbetA mujaba je pharamAna mokalAtAM tevuM pharamAna zAhamatakhAnane paNa mokalAyuM. dilhInI salAha mujaba zAhamatakhAne vahIvaTI calAvyuM, paraMtu ene thoDA samayamAM sUbedArapadethI dUra karavAmAM Avyo ane enI jagyAe auraMgajhebanA samayamAM bahAdura senApati tarIke nAmanA meLavela dAudakhAna pannI nAmanA adhikArIne mUkavAmAM Avyo dAudakhAna (I.sa. 1713-15) | dAUdakhAne amadAvAda AvI (phaTobara, 1713) vahIvaTa saMbhALyo. e pote kaDaka zista paLAvavAno AgrahI hatA ane e mATe jANIte paNa hato. eNe amadAvAdamAM AvI bhadrane zAhI mahelamAM rahevA karatAM zahera bahAra

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9] mughala kAla [. sAbaramatI nadInA kAMThe taMbumAM rahI sainika jIvana gALavAnuM pasaMda karyuM. eNe vahIvaTanI tamAma dIvAnI bAbate dakhaNI brAhmaNane soMpI dIdhI ane pote jAnavaronI sAThamArI ane zikAramAM samaya vitAvavA lAgyo. enA samayamAM amadAvAdamAM hiMdu-musalamAne vacce komI hullaDa thayeluM (I.sa. 1413), je aMge "mirAte ahamadI' ane "siyara-u-mutakherinamAM bhinna bhinna hevAla ApavAmAM AvyA che. e hullaDanuM keMdra jhaverIvADa jyAM madanagopALa ane kapUracaMda bhaNasALI jevA dhanADhaya zarApha ane jhaverIonI havelIo AvI hatI tyAM hatuM. madanagopALanA gumAstA harirAme heLInA divase pitAnA moTA mitravartuLane pitAne tyAM hoLI khelavA bolAvyuM hatuM. hoLI khelatI vakhate tyAMthI pasAra thatA eka muslima para gulAla nAkhI raMga chAMTavAmAM Avyo. e muslima ane enA mitrAe, zaheramAM joradAra vaktA tarIke nAmanA meLavelA, muhammadaalI nAmanA saMtane vAta karI ane e pachI moTuM bumarANa macI rahetAM uzkerATanuM vAtAvaraNa phelAvuM. jAmI masjida khAte je ToLuM ekatra thayuM temAM sunnI vaherAnA vaDA mullAM abdula ajhIjha pitAnI komanA lAkA ane dAudakhAna patnInA aphaghAna sainike AvI jeDAtAM badhA loko zaheranA kAjhI kherullAha khAnanA makAna tarapha gayA, paNa kAjhI dAudakhAna patnInuM valaNa hiMduo taraphI hovAnuM jANatA hovAthI daramyAnagIrI karavA karatAM pote makAnamAM chupAI gayA, paraMtu gusse bharAyelA ToLAe emanA makAnane bhAre nukasAna karI, kAjhIne sAthe laIne hiMduonI dukAno lUMTavA ane emanAM makAna bALI nAkhavAnuM zarU karyuM. chevaTe emane nagarazeTha kapUracaMda bhANasALInA zastradhArIoe aTakAvyA. aMte hullaDa zAMta paDI jatAM dubhAyelA ane ugra banelA muralamoe muhammadaalI ane mullAM abdula ajhIjhane bAdazAha pAse phariyAda karavA mokalyA. bIjI bAjue sUbedAra dAUdabAne hullaDanA AkhA banAvane vRttAMta potAnA hAthe lakhIne zeTha kapUracaMdane bAdazAha pAse mokalyA. e vRttAMta para sUbedAranI potAnI, kAjhInI, zAha adhikArIonI ane lazkarI daLonA senApatinI sahIo hatI. emAM evuM pramANita karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ke e banAvamAM hiMdu doSita nahatA. A samayamAM momInakhAna nAmanA eka IrAnIne surata vaDodarA peTalAda naDiyAda ane dhe LakAnI phejadArI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. momInakhAne cAreya sthaLe pitAnA nAyaba nImyA ane pote surata gaye. suratamAM phojadAra momInakhAna ane kiledAra jhiyAkhAna vacce matabheda thatAM jhaghaDo eTale ugra banyo ke

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4thu ] mughala hakUmatanI paDatI. baMne pakSoe potapotAnA mitrone lazkaro sahita belAvyA. baMne vacce bharUca najIka sazastra gharSaNa thayuM. aMte kiradAra jhiyAkhAnane namatuM jokhavuM paDayuM. bhUtapUrva sUbedAra zAhamatakhAne enA amala daramyAna vasUva lIdhelI keTalIka mahesulI rakama zAhI tijorImAM jamA karAvI na hatI tethI dAUdakhAnanA samayamAM rAjyanA hukama pramANe enI milakata japta karavAmAM AvI. prAMtamAM karaverAnI vasUlAtamAM bAdazAhe keTalAka sudhArA karyA. bhAre varasAda paDatAM sAbaramatI nadImAM bhayaMkara pUra AvyAM ne tethI ghaNuM che tArata nAza pAmI. e saMkaTamAM prajAne rAhata ApavA bAdazAhanI maMjUrI meLavIne kharca karavAmAM AvyuM. A samayamAM AMTane vepAra vadhI paDatAM prajAne sAmAnya nANu vahevAra baMdha paDI gayo hato tethI kapUracaMda bhaNasALI vagere zarAphone bolAvI e prakArane vepAra ocho karavA sUcanAo ApavAmAM AvI. AMTane vahevAra ghaTADavAnA praznane laIne madanagopALa ane pUracaMdanAM be zarAphI jUtha vacce jhaghaDo thayo. A mAmale bAdazAha pAse jatAM kapUracaMda vagerene gunegAra gaNI keda karavAmAM AvyA ane emanI milakata japta karavAmAM AvI. dAUdakhAnanA samayamAM gujarAtamAM ghaNI arAjakatA phelAI. koLIo ane luMTArAone trAsa cAlu ja hato. e badhI mAhitI dilhI mokalAtAM dAUdakhAnane dakhaNamAM mokalavAmAM Avyo (1715) ane enI jagyAe mahArAjA ajitasiMhane nImavAmAM AvyA. mahArAjA ajitasiMha (I.sa. 1715-17) ajitasiMhane gujarAtano sUbedAra ane enA sauthI moTA putra abhayasiMhane seraThane phojadAra nImavAmAM AvyA, paraMtu e baMne pitAputre rUbarU na AvatAM pitAnA nAyaba tarIke anukrame vijayarAya bhaMDArI ane pharasiMha kAyasthane mokalyA (julAI, 1715). gujarAtanA dIvAna tarIke uMdara kulI khAnane nImavAmAM Avyo. haidara kulI khAnanuM nAma pachInAM ghaNAM varSa sudhI gujarAtanA rAjakIya itihAsa sAthe joDAyeluM rahyuM. pitAnI nimaNuka pachI thoDA mahinA bAda ajitasiMhe amadAvAda AvI (phebruArI 22, 1716) pahelAM zAhIbAgamAM ane pachIthI bhadranA killAmAM nivAsa karyo. enI sAthe nAharakhAna nAmane bAhoza muslima salAhakAra ane maMtrI hatA. mAravADathI AvelA amaladAra julamI hovAthI ajitasiMhane vahIvaTa apriya banyo hato.

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24] mughala kAla [pra. amadAvAdamAM bIjo eka kAmI gaMbhIra banAva ajitasiMhanA samayamAM banyo (1716). bakarI IdanA divase kAlupura vistAranA sunnI vaherAoe kurabAnI ApavA moTI saMkhyAmAM gAya ane bheso ekatra karI hatI. pharaja paranA muslima havAladAre dayAthI prerAIne ke hiMdu sUbedAra ajitasiMhanI kRpA meLavavAnA irAdAthI baLa vAparI kurabAnI mATenI eka gAya choDAvI tethI vahorAomAM bhAre uzkerATa vyAkhyo ane teo zaheranA kAjhI khellAhakhAna pAse phariyAda karavA gayA, paraMtu subedAranA adhikArIoe koI hukama na karatAM lUMTa ane hullaDanI e dhANIo varatAvA lAgI. bagaDeluM vAtAvaraNa aTakAvavA keTalIka zAMticAhaka vyaktioe sUbedArane samajAvyo tethI emanA taraphathI kAjhIne khAtarI Apato saMdezo mokalAvyo, jemAM muralamone emanA dharma pramANe utsavo ujavavAnI chUTa ApavAnuM jAhera karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.' A samayamAM baheza senApati tarIke paMkAyele haidara kulIkhAna, jene prAMtane dIvAna banAvavAmAM Avyo hato, tene khaMbhAta ane suratanA mutsaddI tarIke nImavAmAM Avyo. vaLI ene vaDodarA bharUca nAMdoda ane arahAra-mAtarano phijadAra paNa banAvavAmAM Avyo. eNe surata rahevAnuM pasaMda karyuM ane bAkInI badhI jagyAo para potAnA nAyabone nImyA. mahArAjA ajitasiMhanA kuMvara abhayasiMhanI badalI karAtAM 1716 mAM soraThanI phojadArI paNa haidara kulIkhAnane ApavAmAM AvI. bAdazAha pharkhasiyaranuM zAsana surata khAtenI IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInI bAbatamAM noMdhapAtra che. 1716 mAM suratanI kaThInA adhyakSe eka zAhI pharamAna meLavyuM, jemAM suratanA baMdare AyAta thatA mAla para aMgrejone jakAta-karamAMthI mAphI ApavAmAM AvI hatI ane ene badale bAdazAhane vArSika dasa hajAra rUpiyAnI pezakaza ApavAnuM TharAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e pharamAnanuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara suratanI noMdhapothImAM sacavAyeluM che. e pharamAna amadAvAda surata ane khaMbhAtanA adhikArIo tathA jAgIradAro ane phojadArone saMbodhIne lakhAyeluM che ne emAM chelle kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke je lUMTArAo aMgrejone mAla lUMTI le to lUMTArAone keda pakaDI, mAla choDAvI parata karavo ane jyAM jyAM aMgrejo e keDIo nAkhI che tyAM tyAM emane savalata ApavI ane mAlanAM kharIdavicANamAM emane madada karavI. 1717 mAM mahArAjA ajitasiMha saurASTramAM vyavasthA sthApavA ane saradAro tathA mukhIo pAse rAbetA mujabanI khaMDaNI vasUla levA lazkara sAthe

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4thuJ mughala hakUmatanI paDatI. [5 nIkaLyA. emanI khaMDaNInI mAgaNI vadhu paDatI hatI tethI navAnagara taraphathI sazastra sAmane thayuM, paraMtu ajitasiMhe pitAnA hukamane karAvI kaDakAIthI karAvyo. e pachI e dvArakAnI yAtrAe gayA. daramyAnamAM bAdazAha pAse gujarAtamAMnA mAravADI adhikArIonI julamI nIti vize phariyAdo thatAM bAdazAha ajitasiMhanI jagyAe khAna daurAna samasuddalAnI gujarAtanA subedAra tarIke ane abdula hamIdakhAnanI enA nAyaba tarIke nimaNUka karI. ajitasiMhane A samAcAra khaMDaNI vasUla laI pAchA pharatI vakhate sarakheja pAse maLyA. ajitasiMha A pheraphArane mukAbale karavA Avaze ema mAnI abdula hamIdakhAne zaheranI rakSaNa vyavasthA taiyAra karI lIdhI. ajitasiMhe sarakhejathI AgaLa vadhI zAhIbAga khAte paDAva nAkhyo, paNa pitAnA vizvAsu salAhakAra naharakhAnanI salAha mAnI koI paNa athaDAmaNa ke saMdharSamAM AvyA vagara e jodhapura javA vidAya thaI gayA (jUna 10, 1717). khAna dorAna (I.sa. 1717-18) | navo nimAyelo sUbedAra khAna dorAnI dilhI darabAramAM bhAre zaktizALI ane noMdhapAtra umarAva hato tethI e dilhI choDavA taiyAra na hato. AthI eNe potAnA nAyaba adhikArIo nIce vahIvaTa calAvyA. khAna daurAne suratanA musaddI haidara kulIkhAnane gujarAtamAM potAnA nAyaba tarIke nImyo (Disembara, 1717). suratathA amadAvAda AvatA raste vaTavA najIka saphadarakhAna bAbI nAmanA sthAnika zaktizALI umarAva sAthe ene gharSaNamAM UtaravuM paDayuM, paraMtu enA keLavAyelA rasainiko AgaLa saphadarakhAnanuM lazkara TakI zakayuM nahi ane ene vikharAI javA pharaja paDI. gujarAtamA murilama umarA vaccenA lAMbA gharSaNanI zarUAta A rIte ahIMthI thaI. pAlanapuranA rAjavI dIvAna phIrojhakhAna jAlarInI daramyAnagIrIthI A baMne umarAvo vacce pAchaLathI samAdhAna thayuM hatuM. kUca karIne amadAvAda AvyA pachI haidara kulIkhAne vaDodarA paragaNAmAM ane mahI pradezamAM upadrava karatA koLIone namAvavAnI kAmagIrI bajAvI. haidara kulI khAnanA TUMkA nAyaba padanA samayamAM ameriyA (sa. 1774 ne) dukALa paDyo (1718) tenI rAjadhAnI amadAvAda ane gujarAta pradezamAM gaMbhIra asara thaI. anAjanA bhAva UMcA gayA. cAra zera bAjarIne bhAva eka rUpiyo hato chatAM bAjarI maLatI na hatI. haidara kulIkhAnanA hukama pramANe badhuM anAja rAjadhAnImAM lAvavAmAM AvyuM ane dIvAna radhunAthadAsane tyAM ekatra karAyuM, jyAMthI enuM vecANa aMkuzita rIte karavAmAM AvyuM. thaDA varasAdathI

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96] mughala kAla [>, je kaMI lIlerI UgI hatI te bhUkhyA leka rAMdhIne khAtA tethI regacALe ane marakIno roga phATI nIkaLyo AmAM moTI saMkhyAmAM mANasanAM metA thayAM. keTalAMka mAbApone eka ke be rUpiyAmAM potAnAM bALaka vecavAM paDavAM.' A sAlamAM suratamAM gopItaLAvavALI jagyAnA eka khUNAmAM eka suMdara vAva bAMdhavAmAM AvI, jenI vigato emAM mukAyelA be phArasI zilAlekhomAM jovA maLe che. haidara kulIkhAna keLIo sAme gayA hatA tevAmAM ene samAcAra maLyA ke khAna daurAna pAsethI gujarAtanI sUbedArI laI levAmAM AvI che. tyAre e paNa thoDA samaya bAda dilhI taraphe upaDaze (jUna, 1718). bAdazAha raphI udarajAtane rAjya-amala (1719) dilhImAM sarvazaktizALI banelA saiyada bhAIoe zakhasiyarane cha varSa sudhI nibhAvI chevaTe padabhraSTa karI mArI naMkhAvyo (1719) ane raphI uda-darajAtane bAdazAha banAvyo. mahArAjA ajitasiMhe pitAnI putrI pharukhasiyara sAthe paraNAvI hatI ane pharuM khasiyare ajitasiMhane potAnI madade belAvyA hovA chatAM e gayA na hatA ane saiyada bhAIone vaphAdAra rahyA hatA. A vaphAdArI badala ajitasiMhane gujarAtanI sUbedArI apAI mahArAjA ajitasiMha (bIjI vAra) (.sa. 119-21) ajitasiMha gujarAta jAya tyAM sudhI emanA nAyaba tarIke kAma karavA maheraalIkhAnane amadAvAda mokalavAmAM Avyo. AgaLa jatAM mahArAjA ajitasiMhanA salAhakAra naharakhAnane gujarAtanA dIvAna tarIke nImavAmAM Avyo hato (mArca 20, 1719). bAdazAha raphI udarajAtanAM be pharamAna nedhapAtra che. prathama pharamAna (phebruArI 18, 1718 ) nAyaba maheraalIkhAnane saMbodhIne lakhAyeluM che, jemAM navA bAdazAhanI prAMtanI prajAnA kalyANa mATenI ciMtA vyakta karI prAMtanA sUbedAra, dIvAna ane emanA adhikArIone emanI pharajonuM vaphAdArIthI pAlana karavA anurodha karavAmAM Avyo che. "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhakanA jaNAvyA pramANe amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM bAdazAha raphI uddadarajAtanA sikkA pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. bIju pharamAna naharakhAnane saMbodhIne bahAra paDAyuM che. emAM mahArAjA ajitasiMhanI vinaMtIthI jajiyAre nAbuda karyAnuM lakhyuM che.

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4thuM] mughala hamatanI paDatI. bAdazAha raphIudaratanuM avasAna thatAM (me 28, 1719) saiyada bhAIoe enI IcchA pramANe enA moTA bhAI zAhajAdA raphIuddaulAne bAdazAha banAvyuM. bAdazAha raphI-udaulA u zAhajahAM 2 jAne rAjya-amala | (I.sa. 1179). navA bAdazAhanA nAmathI bahAra paDAyelAM pharamAne badhA prAMtomAM mokalI ApavAmAM AvyAM temAMnuM eka dIvAna naharakhAnane paNa maLyuM. e pharamAnamAM prajAkalyANa mATenI IcchA vyakta karatuM rAbetA mujabanuM lakhANa hatuM. uparAMta mughala bAdazAhe dhAraNa karela navuM nAma ane khitAba- zAhajahAM bAdazAha gAjhI"--darzAvatA sikkA bahAra pADavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM. enA samayamAM naharakhAnane gujarAtanA dIvAnapade cAlu rahevAne ane e uparAMta ene dhoLakA tathA soraThanI phojadArI ApavAno hukama karavAmAM Avyo hato. jhaverI kapUracaMda bhaNasALI, jenA saMbaMdha prAMtanA sUbedAra ke enA madadanIza sAthe sArA na hatA, tenI havelI japta karavA mATe eka hukama mekalavAmAM Avyo hato. cheDA mAsamAM bAdazAha raphIuddaulAnuM avasAna thatAM saiyada bhAIoe bahAdurazAhanA pautra zAhajAdA rozanaakhtarane "muhammadazAha" nAma ApI, bAdazAha jAhera karI gAdIe besADavo (sapTembara 18, 1719). bAdazAha muhammadazAhane rAjya-amala (I.sa. 1714-48) muhammadazAhe 1748 mAM potAnuM avasAna thatAM sudhI zAsana karyuM. enA muhammadazAha bAdazAha gAjhI" nAmanA sikkA bahAra paDyA hatA. muhammadazAhanA gAdIe beThA bAda paNa mahArAjA ajitasiMhanI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIkenI jagyA cAlu rahI. maheraalIkhAne enA nAyaba tarIke kArya karyuM, paraMtu ajitasiMhe navA nAyaba tarIke anupasiMha bhaMDArInI nimaNUka karatAM anupasiMha bhaMDArI naharakhAna ane bIjA adhikArIo sAthe amadAvAda Avyo. anupasiMha bhaMDArIe julamI ane zoSaNanIti apanAvI ane loka para beTA Aropa mUkI emanI pAsethI nANAM kaDhAvyAM. A vakhate nagarazeTha kapUracaMda bhaNasALI zeSitonA rakSaNahAra tarIke AgaLa AvyA ane bhaMDArIne jAmI nIti cheDI devA samajAvyo, paraMtu bhaMDArIe potAnA mahArAja ajitasiMha ane saiyada bhAIo vaccenI mitrAcArI para madAra rAkhI pitAnI nIti-rIti cAlu rAkhI e salAhanI avagaNanA karI. kapUracaMdane pitAne jAna jokhamamAM lAgatAM pitAnuM 500 nuM aMgarakSaka daLa taiyAra karAvyuM ane enA rakSaNa nIce -6-7

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98] mughala kAle bahAra AvavA-javAnuM rAkhyuM. pUracaMde anupasiMha ane enA mAravADI adhikArIonA julama ane trAsane bhoga banelA nirdoSa nAgarikene jelamAMthI mukta karAvyA, paraMtu chevaTe anupasiMhe eka muslimane sAdhI kapUracaMdanuM khUna karAvyuM (1720). | gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne prabhAva osarI rahyo hato e samaye marAThAee samagra gujarAtabharamAM ghUmIne lUMTaphATa calAvavA mAMDI temAM dAbhADe ane gAyakavADa kuTuMbanA sabhyoe agragaNya bhAga bhajavyo. pilAjIrAva gAyakavADe 1719 mAM dakSiNa gujarAtamAM senagaDha jItI laI tyAM pitAnuM vaDuM mathaka sthApyuM. gujarAtamAM gAyakavADanI sattAne prAraMbha tyAMthI thayo kahe heya to kahI zakAya. senagaDha marAThAonA humalAo ane savArIo mATenI taiyArInuM keMdra banyuM. bIjI bAjue dilhInA sarvazaktimAna saiyada bhAIonuM dakhaNa- bhUtapUrva sUbedAra nijhAma-ulU-mulka nikaMdana kaDhAvI nAkhI pote bAdazAhatano vajIra banyo. sAmAnya rIte dilhImAM thayelA A rAjakIya pheraphAranI asara gujarAtamAM paNa thaI. saiyada bhAIonA TekedAra ajitasiMha pAsethI gujarAtanI sUbedArI laI levAmAM AvI ane saiyada baMdhuonI sattAnA patanamAM kiMmatI sevAo ApanAra haidarakulIkhAnane muijhud-daulA ne khitAba ApI gujarAtane sUbedAra banAvavAmAM Avyo (me, 1721). haidarakulIkhAna (I.sa. 1721-22) haidarakalIkhAna dilhImAM rahyo ane pitAnA vatI gujarAtane vahIvaTa karavA gujarAtanA umarAva mAsuma kulIkhAna nAmanA pitAnA Azritane "zujAtakhAna" khitAba ApI nAyaba tarIke mokalyo. anupasiMha bhaMDArI ane dIvAna naharakhAnane keda pakaDI dilhI moklavA paNa hukama ApyA hatA. e samAcAra prasaratAM amadAvAdamAM anupasiMhanA virodhIo ane zatruoe mAravADI adhikArIo sAme dekhAvo karatAM, e badhA pitAnA para humale thAya e pahelAM amadAvAda choDI gayA. roSe bharAyelA ToLAoe anupasiMhanA mahelamAM bAkI rahela mAlasAmAnane lUMTI lIdho ane bhAre bhAMgaphoDa karI. zujAta khAna, je khaMbhAtathI AvI rahyo hato, teNe amadAvAda AvyA pachI dIvAna naharakhAna tarapha humalArine vALyA, jyAM baMne pakSo vacce gharSaNa thayuM, jemAM baMdUke chUTathI vaparAI. zubhecchaka mitroe baMne vacce daramyAnagIrI karI, jemAM naharakhAna pAsethI eka lAkha rUpiyA lIdhA bAda zahera choDI javA devAnuM kabUla karAyuM. e mujaba naharakhAna amadAvAda cheDI jaI siddhapura khAte anupasiMha sAthe joDAI gayA.

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mughala hakUmatanI paDatI... le rAjadhAnI amadAvAdamAM ane anyatra paNa mughala sUbedAranI sattAnI AmanyA ochI thaI gaI hatI. ucca adhikArIonI hAjarImAM paNa sazastra athaDAmaNA thatI, jemAM baMdUkAne chUTathI upayoga thatA. gujarAtamAM mughala sattAnI paDatImAM gujarAtanA ja umarAvAe ekakhIjA sAme sattAspardhAmAM UtarI mahattvane bhAga bhajavyA. 4(r)'] gujarAtamAM mughala zAsananA aMta sudhI sthAnika khAkhI umarAva kuTuMbe rAjakAraNamAM agragaNya bhAga bhajavyA. zujAtakhAnane khAkhI kuTuMbanA godharAnA nAyaba sadarakhAna sAthe sArA saMbaMdha na hatA. 1718 mAM saphadarakhAna bAbI vaTavA AgaLa haidarakulIkhAnanAM lazkarA sAthe athaDAmaNamAM UtaryA hatA. zujAtakhAne amadAvAda pahoMcyA pachI haidarakulIkhAnane lakhyuM ke sadarakhAna ane enA e putrA salAbata muhammadakhAna ane javAMmarda khAna(moTA)nI jAgIrAnI peAtAne ane peAtAnA bhAIonA nAme pherabadalI karavI joIe. bIjI bAju 1721 mAM zujAtakhAne eka mulukagIrInI caDAImAM salAbata muhammadakhAnanA putra muhammada khAmInA tAbAnA kheDA gAmamAMthI dasa hajAra rUpiyA kaDhAvyA hatA. zujAtakhAne dilhI mekalelI bhalAmaNAnI khabara salAbata muhammadakhAnane paDatAM e peAte potAnA mAmalAnI rajUAta bAdazAha ane sukhedAra haidarakulIkhAna samakSa karavA gayA. haidarakulIkhAne bAkhIne vivekathI AvakAryo ane sthAnika ubharAvA sAthe sArA saMbaMdha rAkhavAnI icchAthI enI ane enA pitA tathA bhAInI jAgIrA mAnya karI cAlu rAkhI. A ghaTanA 1ra1 mAM khanI, vaLI A sAlamAM sUbedAranI bhalAmaNa parathI salAbatakhAnanA putra muhammada bahAra khAkhIne sAdarA ane vIrapuranI thANAdArI ApavAmAM AvI tathA 500nI manasA ane - zerakhAna'ne khitAba ApavAmAM AvyAM. zerakhAne pachInAM varSomAM gujarAtasaurASTramAM rAjakIya kSetre mahattvane| bhAga bhajanmyo. vajIra tarIke niyukti pAmelA nijhAma-ula-mulke dilhImAM AvI peAtAne hoddo saMbhALI letAM, haidarakulIkhAna, jeNe vajIrapadanI AzA khAdazAha muhammadazAha pAsethI rAkhI hatI te, nirAza banI, peAtAnA prAMta gujarAtamAM javA vidAya thayA (eprila 1722). mALavA thaI e kheDA (jillA)nA ThAsarA paragaNAmAM AvyA jyAM DabhAlI gAme sthAnika muslima rahevAsI ane enA lazkaranA sainikA vacce jhaDA thatAM eNe AkhA gAmane Aga cAMpI ene nAza karyAM ane gAmanA badhA lokonI evI dhAtakI katala karI ke eka paNa mANasa emAMthI chaTakI zakayuM nahi. AgaLa vadhatAM cUMvALanA kALIe sAme pagalAM laI e

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100] mughala kAla [pra. amadAvAda Avyo (julAI 3, 1722); te ja vakhate saurASTramAMthI khaMDaNI vasUla karI zujAtakhAna Avyo. haidarakulIkhAna amadAvAdamAM pAMceka mahinAthI vadhu rahyo nahi, paraMtu e samaya daramyAna pote jANe eka svataMtra zAsaka hoya tevI rIte vahIvaTa calAvato rahyo. zAhI pharamAnathI manasabadArone ane anya adhikArIone ApavAmAM AvelI jAgIro eNe japta karI ane pitAnI pasaMdagIvALA vyaktiomAM enI vaheMcaNI karI. mughala bAdazAhane e bAbatanI phariyAda jatAM bAdazAhe haidarakulIkhAnane jAgIranI bAbatamAM daramyAnagIrI na karavA Adeza Ape, paraMtu e tarapha sUbedAre dhyAna ApyuM nahi; jyAre enI dilhI pAse AvelI jamIno TAMcamAM levAmAM AvI tyAre eNe namatuM ApyuM. hedarakulIkhAne mughala bAdazAhanA keTalAka vizeSAdhikAra bhogavavAnuM zarU karyuM. zAhI tabelA mATe suratathI kharIdavAmAM AvelA arabI ghoDA dilhInA mArge jatAM amadAvAda AvyA tyAre eNe potAnA mATe keTalAka rAkhyA ane bIjA ghoDA potAnA mitrone ApyA. prAMtamAM eNe pitAnA keTalAka adhikArIone pAlakhImAM besIne pharavAne adhikAra Apyo, je mAtra zAhIvaMzanA sabhyane ke ucca umarAvane ja hato. eNe jAheramAM phariyAda sAMbhaLavAnuM zarU karyuM ane e jyAre bahAra nIkaLate tyAre bAdazAha jevo damAma-bhapake rAkhI nIkaLato. pitAnuM sthAna majabUta karavA eNe ghaNI saMkhyAmAM Ara sIdIo ane kraketanya-yuropiyana)ne belAvI potAnI nokarImAM rAkhyA. luNAvADA ane DuMgarapuranA rAjAo tathA sAbarakAMThAnA saradAra pAsethI pezakazI ugharAvavA prayANa karyuM (phiTobara, 1722) ane e ugharAvI pAchaLathI pATaNa AvatAM ene pitAnA vize bAdazAhane pahecelI phariyAdanI jANa thaI. bAdazAha bhAre nAkhuza thayAnA samAcAra maLyA. tethI eNe amadAvAda AvI, pitAnAM ghaNuM julamI pagalAM pAchAM kheMcI lIdhAM ane zAhIbAgamAM rahI dilhInA samAcAranI rAha jovA lAgyo, paraMtu ene pAcho lAvavAnAM pagalAM levAI cUkyAM hatAM. nijhAma-ula-mulaka (I.sa. 17rara-25) - haidarakulIkhAnanI jagyAe sUbedAra tarIke vachara nijhAma-ula-mulkane nImavAmAM Ave (okaTobara 14, 17rara). haidarakulI khAne pitAnA pakSe rajUAta karavA pitAnA putrane bAdazAha pAse mokalyA ane dilhIthI AvI rahelA nijhAmaula-mulkano sazastra sAmano karavA prayAso karyo, paraMtu eNe je je umarAvo ane adhikArIone lAbha karI ApyA temaNe ene sAtha ane madada ApavAnI

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ry') mughala hakUmatanI paDatI... 101 nA pADatAM eNe peAtAne cittabhrama thayeA che evA DhAMga karyAM. enA dIvAna rAjA raghunAtharAva ane anya zubhecchakAe ene udepuranA mAge' ravAnA karI dIdhA.5 jeke e dilhImAM gayA (1323) tyAre ene badazAhe sArA AvakAra ApyA ane cAravADanA mahArAjA ajitasiMha, jeNe khaDa kareluM, tenI sAme yuddhanuM sacAlana karavA ajameranA sUbedAra tarIke nImyA. haidarakulIkhAna pAsethI sUbAne havAle rUbarUmAM levA mATe AvI rahelA nijhAma-ula-mulkane mALavAmAM dhAra khAte samAcAra maLyA ( phebruArI 19, 1723 ) ke haidarakulIkhAna amadAvAda cheADI jatA rahyo che, tethI eNe AgaLa na vadhatAM potAnA nAyaba tarIke peAtAnA kAkA hamIdakhAnane nImyA ane pete dilhI pAchA pharyo (julAI 1723), paraMtu dilhImAM enA virAdhIe hAvAthI ane tyAM bahu mAphaka na Ave evuM hAvAthI vajIrapadethI rAjInAmuM ApI e dakhkhaNanA cha sUbAonI sUbedArI meLavI satASa pAmyA. nijhAma-ulU-mulke dilhI pAchA pharatI vakhate hamIdakhAnane bharUca jaMbusara Ameda ane dhoLakAnAM phaLadrupa paragaNAM peAtAnI jAgIra tarIke lai levA hukama karyAM hatA. hamIdakhAne amadAvAda AvI vahIvaTa saMbhALI lIdhA (1723-24). ene zujAtakhAna ane rustamaalIkhAna nAmanA khe umarAva bhAIone Teko maLI rahyo. eNe suratanA mutsaddI tarIke mAmInakhAnane cAlu rAkhyA. nijhAma-ulU mukate dakhkhaNanA sUbedAra tarIke meAkalAtAM kAbulanA sUbedAra munnArIjha-ulU-muka sarakhulaMdakhAna bahAduranI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke badalI karavAmAM AvI (I. sa. 1725). sarakhulaMdakhAna (I.sa. 1725-30) sarabulaMdakhAne peAtAnA nAyaba tarIke gujarAtI umarAva zujAtakhAnane nImyA. zujAtakhAnanA bhAI rustamaalIkhAnane meAmInakhAnanI jagyAe suratanA phe|jadAra tarIke nImavAmAM AvyeA. amadAvAdamAMthI nijhAmanA kAkA humIdakhAnane hAMkI kADhavAmAM AvyA, je samajAvaTa bAda dAhoda jaI rahyo. e pachI eka varSa sudhI gujarAta AMtaravigrahamAM phasAyeluM rahyuM. hamIdakhAne peAtAnA sAthI tarIke marAThAenI madada lIdhI ane zujAtakhAna ane enA bhAIe tathA baLavAna amIrAne vArAtI harAvyA. marAThAonI madadathI DumIdakhAne rAjadhAnI para kabajo jamAvyeA. madadanA badalAmAM hamIdakhAne nakkI karyA pramANe marAThA saradAra kathAjI kadamane mahI nadInI uttare AvelAM paragaNAMenI ceAtha ane pilAjIrAva gAyakavADane mahI nadInI dakSiNe surata sudhI

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102] mughala kAla [pra. AvelAM paragaNuonI. cotha ApI, AthI gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne bhayaMkara phaTako paDayo. hamIdakhAne have dilhInI hakUmatanI avagaNanA karI pote jANe svataMtra sulatAna heya evI nIti apanAvI. eNe zAhI tijorImAMthI baLapUrvaka ATha lAkha rUpiyA kaDhAvyA. zAhI kArakhAnAmAM bAdazAha mATe taiyAra karavAmAM AvelA rAjapazAka japta karyA. zaheranA zrImaMta leka pAsethI kUratApUrvaka nANAM karAvyAM, zuAtakhAnanA be putrane jhera ApI mArI nakhAvyA ane muralIdhara nAmanA gujarAtI hiMdane dIvAna nImyo. e samaye marAThAonI savArIe gujarAtamAM judA judA bhAgomAM cAlu hatI. teoe khaMbhAtane lUMTayuM hatuM (eprila 1725). hamIdakhAne paNa marAThAenA gayA pachI khaMbhAta paheAMcI gharadITha rakama ugharAvI. hamIdakhAne khaMbhAtathI amadAvAda pAchA pharyA bAda (phebruArI 19, 1725) prAMtamAM "trAsanuM rAjya phelAvyuM. amadAvAda zaherane hamIdakhAnanA mitro tarIke AvelA marAThAonI lUMTamAMthI bacAvavAnuM kArya e samayanA nagarazeTha ane zAMtidAsa jhaverInA pautra khuzAlacaMde karyuM hatuM. khuzAlacaMde potAnA paise ane jIvanA jokhame marAThAo sAthe vATAghATo karI, emane moTI rakama ApI vidAya karyA hatA. khuzAlacaMde kaTokaTInI paLe bajAvelI sevAnI kadararUpe amadAvAdanA vepArI mahAjane eka karAranAmuM karI, amadAvAda zaheramAM AvatA ane jatA mAlanI kiMmata para dara so rUpiye cAra AnA lekhe lAgo ApavAnuM TharAvyuM hatuM. e lAgAnI rakama zeThanI hayAtImAM emane ane e pachI emanA kuTuMbane ane emanA putro tathA vArasone ApavAne spaSTa ullekha karAyo hato. e rakama ApavAnuM amadAvAdamAM rahetA Daca aMgreja ane phrenca vepArIone baMdhanakartA hatuM. e karAranAmuM nagarazeThane ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM (ephaTobara 8, 1725). 1725 mAM mughala bAdazAhe sarabulaMdakhAnane gujarAtamAMthI baMDakhora umarAvA hamIdakhAna ane marAThAone hAMkI kADhavA rUbarU javA hukama karyo. sarabulaMdakhAna lazkara sahita gujarAtamAM AvyuM. enA AvavAnA samAcAra sAMbhaLI hamIdakhAne gujarAtamAMthI kAyama mATe vidAya lIdhI. mughala lakarane harAvyAM, jemAM traNa zreSTha gujarAtI umarAne bhoga levAyo hato. A daSTie gujarAtanA subedAra tarIke nImatI vakhate ene jAte jaIne prAMtane vahIvaTa calAvavAnuM ane marAThAone gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnuM spaSTa kahevAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e mATe baLavAna lazkara taiyAra karavA zAhI tijorImAMthI eka karoDa rUpiyA kharca tarIke ApavAnuM nakakI karavAmAM AvyuM. paMdara lAkha rUpiyAnI rakama tAtkAlika

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zuM] mughala hakUmatanI paDatI (13 ApavAmAM AvI, jyAre bAkInI rakama dara mahine traNa lAkhanA hapate cUkavavAnI hatI. sarabulaMdakhAne amadAvAda AvI (Disembara 1, 1725) marAThAo sAme lazkarI TukaDIo ravAnA karI. enA putra khAna AjhAdakhAne marAThAone peTalAda paragaNAnA sojitrA gAme harAvyA (jAnyuArI, 1726). bIjI vAra marAThAone eNe kapaDavaMja khAte mArI haThAvyA ne mahI nadI oLaMgI jatAM sudhI emane pIcho karyo. marAThAoe choTAudepuranA DuMgarALa pradezano Azaro lIdhe. marAThAo sAme mughala senAne e chello vijaya hato. je vakhate khAna AjhAdakhAna marAThAone pIcho karI rahyo hato te samaye uttara gujarAtamAM aMtAjI ane bhAskaranI AgevAnI nIce pezavAnAM lazkara IDara bAju dhasI AvyAM. IDaranA nAgarikAe emane cAra lAkha rUpiyA ApI vidAya karyA, paraMtu thoDA samaya bAda kaMthAjI kadama bAMDee AvIne vaDanagaramAM bhAre lUMTa calAvI. gujarAtamAM sarabulaMdakhAna sUbA tarIke lagabhaga pAMca varSa sudhI rahyo, paraMtu ene marAThAonI vAraMvAra AvatI savArIone mArI haThAvavAnI je agatyanI kAmagIrI saMpavAmAM AvI hatI temAM e niSphaLa gayo, kAraNa ke marAThA uttara gujarAtamAM pharI vaLyA hatA ane tyAM lUMTa calAvI vinAza sarjyo hato. sarabulaMdakhAna marAThAo sAthe lAMbA gharSaNamAM UtaravA mAgato na hato tethI eNe kaMyAjI kadama bAMDe sAthe karAra karyo, jemAM mahI nadInI uttare AvelAM (amadAvAda ane pitAnA havelI paragaNuM sivAyanAM) tamAma paragaNunI cotha ApavA kabUlyuM (1726). e karAra thatAM dilhIthI melAtI nANAkIya madada baMdha thaI. bIjI bAjue marAThAomAM paNa be pakSa paDayA, jemAM eka pakSa senApati dAbhADe hato ane ene TekedAra kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe hate, bIjA pakSe pezavA bAjIrAva 1 le hate. bAjIrAva paNa gujarAtanA aMdhAdhUMdhIvALA rAjakAraNamAM jhaMpalAvI dAbhADenI sattA nAbUda karI gujarAta para pitAne cotha ugharAvavAne hakaka sthApita karavA mAgato hato tethI enA pratinidhio 1726 thI pravRttizIla banyA hatA. zivAe 1729mAM pitAnA bhAI cImaNAjI ApAne mokalI ApatAM cImaNAjIe pAvAgaDha, peTalAda dhoLakA khaMbhAta jevAM sthaLa AkramaNa karI lUMTayAM hatAM. ' sarabulaMdakhAna pAse 1725 nA samaya jevuM lazkara na hatuM. e lazkara vikherAI javA pAmyuM hatuM ane ene navuM lazkara racavA dilhIthI madada maLavA zakyatA na hatI. kaMthAi ane pilAjIrAvanI vinAzakArI pravRttiomAM pezavA taraphathI umere thatAM have ene lAgyuM ke pezavA sAthe samAdhAna karavAthI pezavA dabhAonA pratinidhione aMkuzamAM rAkhaze. evI niSkaLa AzA sAthe eNe

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104] mughala kAla zivA sAthe karAra karyA (mArca 23, 1730). emAM amuka apavAda sAthe prAMtanA samagra mahesUlamAMthI cetha ane saradezamukhI ApavA kabUlyuM. pezavA 25 hajAranuM azvadaLa rAkhI zAMti sthApe, e pote chatrapati zAhu vatI sattA bhogave ane pilAjIrAva vagere marAThA saradAronI laDAyaka pravRttio aTakAve evI apekSA rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI, sarabulaMdakhAnane dilhIthI madada maLavAnI baMdha thaI hatI pote uDAu hatuM ane kharca karavAmAM bedarakAra hato vaLI moTuM lazkara paNa ene nibhAvavuM paDatuM AthI e eka varSamAM be vakhata paNa amadAvAdanA vepArIo ane dukAnadAre para gerakAyade verA nAkhI rakama ugharAvatA. enuM vahIvaTItaMtra ghaNuM julamI hatuM. eNe nagarazeTha khuzAlacaMdanA duzmananI svAthI nItithI devAIne khuzAlacaMdane keda karyA ane rezamanA vepArIonA mahAjananA mukhI zeTha gaMgAdAsane enI jagyAe nImyA. chevaTe 60 hajAra rUpiyA laI khuzAlacaMdane choDI mUkavAmAM AvyA, jeke saurASTramAM mughala sattAne gaMbhIra phaTako paDyo na hate. saurASTranA je hiMdu rAjAo khaMDaNI ApavAmAM AnAkAnI karatA athavA mughala sattAne sAmane karavA taiyAra thatA temane sarabulaMdakhAne ane enA pratinidhioe namAvIne khaMDaNI vasUla lIdhI. sarabulaMdakhAna jyAre kacchamAM bhUjane ghere ghAlI rahyo hato tyAre ene sUbedAra-padethI baratarapha karAyAnA ane enI jagyAe mAravADanA mahArAjA abhayasiMha nimAyAnA samAcAra maLyA, tethI e ghere uThAvI laI TUMkA raste amadAvAda Avyo. pitAnA lazkarane pagAra caDI gayo hato tethI enI cukavaNI mATe amadAvAda zaheramAMthI rakama ugharAvavAnuM nakakI karyuM. hiMduo pAsethI be-tRtIyAMza ane vaherAo (jemAMnA ghaNAM sunnI hatA ane zrImaMta hatA) pAsethI eka-tRtIyAMza bhAga ugharAvavAnuM pramANa rAkhyuM, paraMtu vaherAoe sarabulaMdakhAnanI mAgaNIne virodha karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. emane zekha abdulA nAmanA saMte deravaNI ApI. sarabulaMdakhAne samayasUcakatA vAparI roSe bharAyelA muslimone zAMta karavA samAdhAnakArI nIti apanAvI emanI pAse rakama levAnuM mAMDI vALyuM, paraMtu zekha abdullAe ugra banI hiMduo pAsenI rakama paNa mApha karAvavA Agraha rAkhatAM sarabulaMdakhAne lazkara mokalI baMDakherene keda karyA ane agAunI mAgaNI begaNI karI (julAI 19, 1730). A banAva subedAre gujarAta choDatAM pahelAM traNeka mahinA agAu banyA hatA.

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4thuM ) mughala hakumatanI paDatI... [105 mahArAjA abhayasiMha (1730-37) navA sUbedAra abhayasiMhe pitAnA rasAlA sAthe gujarAta tarapha lazkara sahita kUca karI. sarabulaMdakhAne ene makakamatAthI sAmano karavA niradhAra karI pitAne paDAva aDAlaja pAse karyo. baMne pakSo vacce bhAre laDAI thatAM sarabulaMdakhAna hAryo, paraMtu mitronI daramyAnagIrIthI baMne vacce samAdhAna thayuM. sarabulaMdakhAnane dilhI javAnA enA pravAsa kharca mATe eka lAkha rUpiyA ApavAmAM AvyA (okaTobara 1730). abhayasiMhe amadAvAda pahoMcatAM agAu dilhI darabAramAM rAkhelA pitAnA pratinidhi (vakIla) amarasiMha bhaMDArIne eka lAMbo patra (oNkaTobara 19) lakhyo, jemAM sarabulaMdakhAnanA prakaraNa ane khAnanI hAra saMbaMdhI tathA potAne mughala bAdazAha taraphathI mAnapAna maLe ane viziSTa badalA maLe e mATe khAsa tajavIja karavA jaNAvyuM hatuM. bAdazAha auraMgajhebanA samayamAM 1686 mAM jUnAgaDhamAMthI phojadAra saradAra khAne vidAya lIdhA bAda soraTha sarakAranA phojadAronAM sattA ane adhikAra samaya jatAM kSINa banatAM gayAM. tyAMnA phojadAranI hakumata navA soraTha" pUratI tathA dariyAkAMThA vistAramAM AvelAM ane anya cokI-cANao pUratI sImita banI hatI. marAThAoe gujarAtamAM ane saurASTramAM praveza karIne UbhI karelI muzkelI hiMdu rAjAo ane saradAro mATe lAbhadAyI nIvaDI. saurASTramAM navAnagara pitAnuM agAunuM svAta 2 punaH meLavavA Atura hatuM: chAyAnA jeThavA rAjAoe porabaMdaramAM potAnI sattA dRDha karI hatI, sihoranA gohila rAjAe potAnA rAjyanuM vistaraNa karyuM hatuM, bhAvanagara rAjya paNa vikasatuM jatuM hatuM, (1723 mAM bhAvanagara zaheranI sthApanA thaI hatI. jhAlAvADanI rAjadhAnI haLavadane badale dhrAMgadhrAmAM rAkhavAmAM AvI (1730). Ama mahArAjA abhayasiMhanI sUbedArI vakhate gujarAta-saurASTranI rAjakIya sthiti pravAhI svarUpamAM hatI. mahArAjA abhayasiMhe sarabulaMdakhAnane amadAvAdamAMthI vidAya karyA bAda amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo (okaTobara 28, 1730). eNe sUbedAra tarIke sAta varSa sudhI vahIvaTa calAvyo jemAM e pote 133 sudhI pratyakSa hAjara rahyo ane pachInAM cAra varSa daramyAna eNe potAnA nAyaba ratanasiMha bhaMDArI dvArA vahIvaTa calAvyo. dilhIthI abhayasiMhanA rasAlAmAM mIrajhA muhammada-najamaIsanI Avela hatuM te peTalAdane mAjI phojadAra hato ane eNe 1729 mAM momInakhAna nAmane khitAba meLavyo hato. ene have khaMbhAtanA phojadAra tarIke nImavAmAM Avyo. e ja momInakhAne gujarAtanA khaLabhaLI UThelA rAjakIya

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106] sughala kAla [pra. abhaya vAtAvaraNamAM ghaNAM varSo sudhI mahattvane bhAga bhajavyo. 1737 mAM si MhanA nAma ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne hAMkI kADhayA pachI ene gujarAtane sUbedAra nImavAmAM AvyeA hateA. gujarAtamAM marAThAonI damanakArI pravRttione mudhaleAnA kAI rAjapUta khaDiyA rAjA DAmI zakaze evA khyAlathI abhayasiMhane mUkmedAra banAvavAmAM AvyA hatA. A samaye marAThAomAM dAbhADe ane pezavA vacce gujarAtamAM peAtapAtAnA adhikAro sabadhamAM tIvra spardhA cAlatI hatI.8 senApati dAbhADee dakhkhaNanA nijhAma sAthe pezavA sAme sadha racyA, te pratipakSe pezavA bAjIrAve abhasiMha sAthe samajUtI karI (phebruArI 1731), pariNAme dAbhADa ane pezavA vacce ugra laDAI thaI (eprila 1, 1731), jemAM pezavA vijayI banyA. tribha`karAva dAbhADe mAryA gayA ane pilAjIrAva gAyakavADa dhavAyelI sthitimAM laDAInA medAnamAMthI nAsI chUTayo. mahArAjA abhayasa hai pezavA--dAbhADenI e bAbatamAM pote bhajavelA bhAganI ane saraThA rAjakAraNa vizenI mAhitI dilhImAM potAnA vakIla amarasiddha bhaMDArIne patramAM lakhI meAkalAvI (eprila 10, 1731), bhAInI laDAI pachI pezavA bAjIrAvatI samAdhAna ane samajAvaTanI nItinA phalasvarUpe triMbakarAva dAbhArDanA sagIraputra yazavaMtarAvane senApati tarIke ane pilAjIrAvane 'senA-khAsakhela'neA khitAba ApI yazavaMtarAvanA mutAlika tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA, paNa pilAjIrAva mulenA bhAga mAM kAMTArUpa hAvAthI sUbedAra abhayasa Mhe kAvataruM yeAjI pilAjIrAvanu DAkAramAM khUna karAvyuM ane potAnA kAnA jANu dilhI karI (mArca 26, 1732). * abhayasiMhai pilAjIrAvanA kabajA nIcenu' vaDAdarA kabaje karyuM ane tyAM zerakhAna bAbIne rU|jadAra tarIke nImyA, paraMtu palAjIrAvanA putra dAmAjIrAva bIjo (1732-68), jeNe enI 36 varSanI javalaMta lazkarI kArakirdI daramyAna vaDAdarA rAjyanI bhavya ImAratanA pAyA nAkhyA, teNe 1734 mAM zerakhAna bAbI pAsethI vaDe|darA jItI lIdhuM. 1733 mAM khaMDerAva dabhADenI vidhavA umAbAIe 30,000 nA lazkara sAthe amadAvAda para caDAI karI mahArAjA abhayasiddha ene! sAmaneA karI zakavA asamatha rahyo ane 80,000 rUpiyA tathA prAMtanI ceAtha ane saradezamukhI ApavAnuM kabUla karI, samAdhAna karI marAThAone vidAya karyAM. abhayasiMhane hatAzA AvatAM ane have gujarAta prAMta marAThAonA tAbAmAM jaze evu' mAnI e amadAvAda cheADI dilhI gaye| ane potAnA nAyaba tarIke ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne mUkatA gayA (1733).

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mughala hakUmatanI paDatI [107 ratanasiMha bhaMDArInA nAyaba subedArapada daramyAna keTalAka banAva banyA : abhayasiMhe AnaMdasiMha ane rAyasiMhane ApI dIdhela IDara paragaNAne puna prApta karavA viramagAmanA phejadAra javAMmadakhAne I.sa. 1734 mAM niSphaLa prayana. karyo, kAraNa ke e rAjapUta bhAIone marAThAonI madada maLI hatI. e rIte. IDaramAM rAThoDa vaMzanI sattA cAlu rahI. suratanA phejadAra ruratamaalIkhAnanA avasAna (1725) pachI ene putra soharAbakhAna phejadAra tarIke hato. 1732 mAM tegabegakhAna ane mullAmuhammadaalInAM saMyukta daLo, jemane aMgreja kAThInA adhyakSa hetrI lethare sahAya karI hatI, temanA AkramaNathI seharAbakhAnane nAsI javuM paDayuM. seharAba khAne e pachIthI jAgIra tarIke ghoghAnuM baMdara meLavyuM ane pachIthI e jUnAgaDhano nAyaba phojadAra paNa banyo. viramagAmanuM paragaNuM meLavavA jatAM saharAbakhAna dhaMdhukA pAse mAryo gayo (1734). viramagAmamAM abhayasiMhanA pratinidhi tarIke mAravADI phojadAra hato. dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADe viramagAma kabaje karyuM (1735). e levA mATe ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe viramagAmane ghAlele ghero uThAvIne chevaTe jatA rahevuM paDayuM, kemake e vakhate dAmAjIrAvane bhAI pratAparAva moTuM lazkara laIne gujarAtamAM Avyo hato. 1736 sudhImAM marAThAenI savArIo vAraMvAra AvavAne krama thaI paDayo hato ane emaNe uttara gujarAtamAMthI lAgo ugharAvavAno hakka sthApita karI dIdho hato. e uparAMta emaNe mahI nadInI uttare ane dakSiNa gujarAta prAMtanAM badhAM paragaNAMonI cothane, hakka meLavyo hato. mahArAjA abhayasi hanI ane enA nAyaba ratanasiha bhaMDArInI AMtarika nIti neMdhapAtra che. sarabulaMdakhAnanI vidAya pachI ane abhayasiMhanA AvatAM, lokoe e rIte saMtoSa anubhavyo hato ke chevaTe emanA zAsaka tarIke temanA ja dharmane eka hiMda Avyo che. nirAte ahamadI'mAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke e samayamAM islAmanI pratiSThA jhAMkhI banI, gohatyA para pratibaMdha mukAyo hiMduonAM deva maMdira pAchAM AdarapAtra banyAM, haLIne utsava pharI zarU thaze. abhayasiMhanA mAravADI amaladAro garIba ke zrImaMta hiMdu ke muslima prajo pAsethI rakama kaDhAvavAmAM ochA Utare tevA nathI evI badhAMne khAtarI thaI. amadAvAdamAM ghaNAM mulakI khAtAMomAMthI murilama adhikArIonA sthAne mAravADI adhikArIo nimAyA. emanI julamI ane zeSaNakhora nItinA pariNAme ghaNAM pratiSThita kuTuMba zahera choDI anyatra jatAM rahyAM. amadAvAdanI TaMkazALa para

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(108) mughala kAle [pra. niyaMtraNa rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. mizrita dhAtunA sikkA bahAra paDAyA, jethI senAmahera ane cAMdInA rUpiyAnI AMTa vadhI gaI. abhayasiMhanI bhavRtti ane zeSaNanItinA pariNAme amadAvAdanA samRddha rezama udyogane gaMbhIra phaTako paDayo. 1732 mAM gujarAtamAM bhayaMkara dukALa paDatAM, lokonI hADamArI vadhI. rogacALo phelAtAM hajAronI saMkhyAmAM mANaso motane zaraNa thayAM. e vikaTa paristhitimAM paNa vahIvaTItaMtre zeSaNagIrI cAlu rahI. zeTha khuzAlacaMda jhaverI ghaNuM varSa dilhI rahyA bAda pitAnI tarapheNamAM zAhI pharamAne (sapTembara 14, 1732) laI amadAvAdamAM pAchA AvyA. pharamAnamAM sUbedAra abhayasiMha para Adeza hato ke zeThane emanA vepAradhaMdhAnAM ane lekakalyANanAM kArya vinA avadhe karavA devAM, paraMtu be ja varSamAM abhayasiMha ane zeTha vaccenA saMbaMdha bagaDavA. pariNAme -zeThane amadAvAda cheDI jatA rahevuM paDayuM. teo pharI 1736 mAM ja pAchA AvI zakyA. gujarAtamAM potAnA jAtibhAIone thatI kanaDagata ane zoSaNa aTakAvavA mATe dilhImAM rahetA zrImaMta ane atyaMta vagadAra gujarAtI zarApho ane vepArIoe haDatAlane bhAge laI mughala sattAvALAonuM dhyAna kheMcyuM. vaLI e ja samaye khaMbhAtanA momInakhAna taraphathI ratanasiMhanI julamI nIti bAbatamAM vajIra para patra Avyo. vajIre vastusthiti pAmI jaI momInakhAnane puchAvyuM ke e prAMtane vahIvaTa calAvavA taiyAra che ke kema ? momInakhAne javAMmardakhAnanI salAha laI e mATenI saMmati ApatAM e aMgenuM pharamAna mokalavAmAM AvyuM (me 10, 1736). pharamAnamAM mahArAjA abhayasiMhanI badalI karavAmAM AvI hovAnuM ane navo sUbedAra AvatAM sudhI momInakhAnane prAMtano vahIvaTa calavavAnuM ane ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne rAjadhAnImAMthI dUra karavAnuM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. momInakhAne e pharamAnanI nakalo dIvAna kAjI vagere zAhI adhikArIone mekalAvI lazkara ekatra karyuM ane marAThAonI lazkarI madada meLavI. e samaye -dAmAjIrAvane senApati raMgacha peTalAda pAse hato. raMgojI sAthe je karAra thayo. temAM momInakhAne gAyakavADane samagra gujarAta prAMtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavA kabUlyuM, paraMtu emAMthI amadAvAda zahera, havelI paragaNuM ane khaMbhAtanuM zahera tema baMdara bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. mamInakhAna ane raMgejInAM saMyukta lazkaroe amadAvAdane ghero ghAlyo, je nava mahinA cAlyo ( gasTa 1736-me 1737). gherA daramyAna dAmAjIrAva potAnA lazkara sAthe AvyA. momIna khAne enI mulAkAta lIdhI ane potAnA pakSe rahevA anurodha karyo. bIjI bAjue muzkelImAM

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4the ] mughala hakUmatanI paDatI." [109 mukAyelA ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe gAyakavADa para saMdeza mokalyo, jemAM pakSa choDIne ene madada ApavAnA badalAmAM amadAvAda, havelI paragaNuM ane khaMbhAta zaherabaMdara sahita AkhA prAMtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAnI taiyArI batAvavAmAM AvI. dAmAjIrAve A samAcAranI jANa momInakhAnane karI. gujarAtane sUbedAra banavAnI IcchA rAkhatA momInakhAne paNa evI zarato kabUla rAkhI. viramagAma paragaNAne. Akho kabajo soMpI khaMbhAtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla potAnI pAse rahe evI mAgaNI karI, je dAmAjIrAve svIkArI. aDadhuM amadAvAda marAThAone ApavAnuM hatuM. pariNAme amadAvAda parano ghere sakhata banAvAyo ane ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne zaraNe AvavuM paDayuM (me 18, 1737). aThavADiyA pachI ratanasiMhe amadAvAdamAMthI vidAya lIdhA bAda momInakhAna ane raMgoe amadAvAdane kabaje lIdhebaMne vacce zahera vaheMcAyuM. momInakhAne vigatavAra ahevAla dilhI mokalAvyo. salAmatInI khAtarI thatAM amadAvAdamAMthI nAsI gayelA leka zaheramAM. pAchA AvyA, memInakhAna (I.sa. 17343) ratanasiMhanI vidAya pachI momInakhAna binasattAvAra chatAM hakIkatamAM gujarAtano sUbedAra banyo. potAnuM mRtyu (phebruArI, 1743) thatAM sudhI eNe. kunehatApUrvaka vahIvaTa calAvyo. thayelA karAra pramANe amadAvAda zahera be bhAgamAM vaheMcAyuM hatuM : zaherane dakSiNa bhAga cha daravAjAo sahita raMgejInA tAbAmAM ane uttara bhAga momInakhAnanA tAbAmAM Avyo. A prakAranuM dizAsana 1753 sudhI rahyuM. momInakhAne pATaNanA javAMmardakhAna ane bAlAsinoranA zerakhAna bAbI sAthe rahIne uttara gujarAtamAMthI vArSika khaMDaNI ugharAvavA mulukagIrI caDAI karI (1737)ene dilhI darabAramAMthI vacharanI mudrAvALuM pharamAna maLyuM (eprila, 1738), jemAM ene amadAvAda punaH kabaje karyA badala abhinaMdana ApavAmAM AvyAM ane enI manasaba vadhAravAmAM AvI ane "bahAdura'ne khitAba ApavAmAM Avyo. momInakhAne amadAvAdamAM pharI pAcho dhikkAra pAtra banelo vera dAkhala karyo ane leke pAsethI eka lAkha rUpiyA sakhatAIthI vasUla karyA. marAThAone emAMthI aDadho bhAga ApavAnA prazna para taMgadIlI thatAM vIsa divasa sudhI trAsa ane bhAMgapheDanuM vAtAvaraNa rahyuM. bhaviSyamAM AvA jhaghaDA upasthita na thAya e mATe raMgajIe mInakhAna pAsethI marAThAonA evA hako vize likhita karAra karAvI lIdho.

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110] mughala kAla [ a. * 1739 nuM varSa hiMdamAM mughala sAmrAjya mATe bhAre kamanasIba nIvaDayuM. IrAnanA zahenazAha nAdirazAhe hiMda para caDAI karI dilhI kabaje karyuM ane e tyAM lagabhaga be mahinA sudhI rahI dezane vAstavika samrATa (zAha-ina-zAha) banI gayo. enA nAmavALA sikkA paDyA ane khullAmAM nAma paNuM vaMcAyuM. e sikkA amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI paNa paDAyA hatA. bIjI bAjue 1738-39 daramyAna pezavA bAjIrAva 1 lA ane enA bhAIe dakSiNa gujarAtanA ane uttara koMkaNanA dariyAkAMThAnA vistAramAM AvelA phiraMgI hakUmatavALA pradeza kabaje karI lIdhA hatA. temAM vasaI damaNa ane dIvane samAveza thato hato. memInakhAne sUbedArapada dhAraNa karyA bAda 1737 mAM seraTha jillAnA nAyaba phejadAra tarIke zerakhAna bAbInI nimaNUka karI hatI. zerakhAne lagabhaga cha varSa sudhI jUnAgaDha khAte potAnI sattA daDha karI, samajAvaTa tathA samAdhAnabharI nIti apanAvI raMgejI ane marAThAonA humalAo aTakAvyA, paraMtu momInakhAnanA avasAna pachI 1743 thI 1748 sudhI e uttara gujarAtanA azAMta vAtAvaraNamAM sakriya bhAga lete rahyo. momInakhAnanA kAryadakSa vahIvaTathI khuza thaI mughala bAdazAha taraphathI ene najamudaulA" ane "dilAvarajaMga evA be khitAba ApavAmAM AvyA tathA ene 6,000 savArane manasabadAra banAvavAmAM AvyA (jUna 4, 174ra). momInakhAne e samaye raMgAjI sAthe bhaLI baMne pakSe je gharSaNanA muddA hatA teonuM nivAraNa karyuM ane nikhAlasa vAtAvaNa saryuM. eNe raMgejI sAthe saurASTramAM AvI bAkI rahelI jamAbaMdhI ugharAvI. amadAvAda pAchA AvyA Ada tenuM avasAna thayuM (phebruArI 20, 1743). eNe potAnA prabhAvazALI ane zaktizALI vyaktitvathI gujarAta prAMtamAM thoDIghaNI rahelI mughala sattAne TakAvI rAkhavA saphaLa prayAsa karyo. eNe raMgejI sAthe mahesUla vaheMcavAnA prazna para jhaghaDA nivAravA samAdhAnabharI nIti apanAvI hatI. e badhuM enI kArya dakSatAne AbhArI hatuM. mAmInakhAnanA mRtyunA samAcAra dilhI pahecatAM na sUbedAra nimAtAM sudhI kAma karavA mATe enA bhatrIjA phidAuddInakhAna ane putra muphatakhIrakhAnane saMyuktapaNe vahIvaTa calAvavAno Adeza ApavAmAM Avyo. phidAuddInakhAna moTo hovAthI eNe sattAsUtra hAthamAM lIdhAM, paraMtu e nabaLe ane asamartha hate. memInakhAnanA samayathI lazkarane pagAra caDI gayo hato tethI nANunI bhAre kheMca hatI, tethI eNe gerakAyade lAgA ugharAvavAnuM zarU karatAM e bhAre apriya banyA.*

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mughala hakUmatanI paDatI. phidAuddInakhAne khaMbhAta jaI pharajiyAta rakama ugharAvI. enI amadAvAdamAM gerahAjarI daramyAna raMgajIe amadAvAda kabaje karavA hala karyo (me 16, 1743), paNa phidAuddInakhAnanA pakSe zerakhAna bAbIe AvIne madada karatAM aMte raMgajIne bhAre niSphaLatA maLI ane enI nAlezI thaI. raMgajIe zAMta samAdhAna mATe mAgaNI karatAM ghaNI samajAvaTa bAda phidAuddInakhAne samAdhAna karyuM. ane viramagAma tathA berasadanA killA marAThAo pAsethI laI lIdhA, ane raMgojInI mAnahAni thAya tevAM kArya karyA. 11 phidAuddInakhAne e pachI amadAvAda para pitAne pUrepUro aMkuza sthApyo ane marAThAone tyAMthI dUra karyA. javAMmadakhAna (I.sa. 1743-53) momInakhAnanA avasAna pachI gujarAtanA trAsadAyaka ane azAMta banelA rAjakAraNamAM sauthI vadhu zaktizALI umarAva tarIke pATaNane phojadAra javAMmardakhAna AgaLa Avyo. phidAuddIna ane muphatakhIrakhAna vacce paraspara vahema ane zaMkA upasthita thatAM baMne vaccenuM aMtara vadhatuM gayuM. mutakhIrakhAne pitAnA pitA momInakhAnanA eka samayanA sauthI mAnItA javAMmardakhAna para vizvAsa rAkhI ene amadAvAda bolAvyo. javAMmada khAne AvIne phidAuddInakhAnane sattA parathI dUra karyo, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa pite sattAdhIza banI gayA (1743) ane dasa varSa sudhI agrasthAne rahI mahattvapUrNa bhAga bhajavyo. e ja samaye dAmAjIrAve ane raMgejIe saMyukta rIte mughala tAbAnuM piTalAda kabaje karyuM. rAjakIya banAva nATyAtmaka rIte banatA gayA. junnara (pUnA pAse) killAnA sUbedAra abdula ajhIjhakhAna(makabala Alama)ne gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimAyAnI banAvaTa thaI, paNa marAThAo sAthenI laDAImAM e bharUca pAse narmadA nadImAM mAryo gayo (Disembara, 1743). raMgajIe khaMbhAta jaI lUMTa calAvI (phebruArI 1744). tyAMnA muslima phojadAre paNa julamI kAryo vaDe prajAnI musIbato vadhArI. javAMmarda khAne amadAvAda para saMpUrNa aMkuza sthApyo ane gujarAtamAM mughala pradeza tarIke bAkI rahelA vistAra para vAstavika zAsaka banyo. dilhIthI sUbedAra tarIke nimAyelA phakharuddIlAhakhAna bahAdura zujAtajaMgane badale pote sUbedAra tarIke nimAyelo che evI banAvaTa paNa eNe karI (jAnyuArI 28, 1744). amadAvAdanI trasta prajAe evI AzA rAkhI ke javAMmardakhAna sUbedAra banavAthI emanI musIbatane aMta Avaze, paNa javAMmardakhAne julamI nIti apanAvI gerakAyadesara karaverA vasUla lIdhA. no nimAyela sUbedAra phakharUddaulAha amadAvAda tarapha AvatAM ene sAmane karavAmAM

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112] sughala kAla [ , Avyo ane aMte subedAra marAThAone kedI banyo. amadAvAda surata ane khaMbhAtamAM sthAnika muslima umara vacce sattA mATe thaI rahelA saMgharSomAM marAThA potAne lAbha thAya tevA pakSe joDAtA rahyA ane gujarAta parane pitAne aMkuza majabUta banAvatA gayA ane pradezo vadhAratA gayA (1745-48 ). gujarAtamAM 1747 mAM comAsuM taddana niSphaLa jatAM pAkane nAza thayo ane pariNAme bhayaMkara dukALa paDyo, vastInuM sthaLAMtara anya jagyAe thayuM. gujarAtanA palaTAtA rAjakAraNamAM sakriya banI bhAga lenAra zerakhAna bAbIne 1748mAM samajAI gayuM ke have potAne AgaLa vadhavA mATe keI zakyatA rahelI nathI, tethI eNe bAlAsinoranI potAnI jAgIra pitAnA putra saradAra muhammadakhAnane sepI ane pite jUnAgaDha jato rahyo. eNe gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAMthI nivRtti lIdhI ane bahAdurakhAna" tathA "navAba'nuM biruda rAkhI jUnAgaDhamAM pitAnuM svataMtra zAsana sthApyuM. 1758 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM ene putra mahebatakhAna navAba banyo. dilhImAM mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAhanuM avasAna thayuM (eprila 14, 1748) enI jagyAe ene zAhajAdo ahamadazAha bAdazAha bane. bAdazAha ahamadazAhane rAjya amala (1748-1756) ahamadazAhanuM nabaLuM zAsana ene padabhraSTa karAtAM sudhI cAlu (1756) rahyuM. e samayamAM gujarAtamAM marAThAo uparAMta uttara gujarAtamAM javAMmardakhAna, khaMbhAtamAM momInakhAna 2 , jUnAgaDha ane bAlAsineramAM zerakhAna bAbI, suratamAM tegabegakhAna ane bharUcamAM nekaAlimakhAna ema pAMca umarAva zaktizALI hatA. navA mughala bAdazAhe jodhapuranA mahArAjA vakhatasiMhanI joradAra rajUAta parathI enI pAsethI amuka zarate kabUla karAvI gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke phakharUddaulAhanI jagyAe ene nimaNUka ApI (me 1, 1748), paraMtu mahArAjA vakhatasiMhe gujarAta prAMtamAM marAThAonI tAkAta ane pragati vizenI tapAsa karAvI laI enI vighaTana pAmelI sthiti joI, subedAranA hedAne havAle levA AvavAne vicAra paDato mUkyo. bIjI bAju mahArAjA vakhatasiMha sUbedAra tarIke na Ave e mATe javAMmardakhAne amadAvAdanA nAgarike pAse eka moTI virodhI arajI karavI, mahArAjAnI nimaNUkane radabAtala TharAvavA joradAra hilacAla , karIparaMtu mahArAjAe pote ja AvavAno vicAra tyajI detAM koI pariNAma na AvyuM. javAmardakhAna sUbedAra tarIke gujarAtamAM mughala pradezo para aMkuza dharAvata

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zuM] mughala hakUmatanI paDatI." [ 11 hate chatAMya enI nimaNa ka sattAvAra rIte thaI na hatI. e mATe javAMmardakhAne prayAso karatAM e aMgenuM pharamAna dilhIthI bahAra pADavAnI tajavIja zarU thaI javAMmardakhAnane 1753 nA AraMbhamAM potAnI sattAnI salAmatI lAgatAM amadAvAda choDI sAbarakAMThA ane banAsakAMThAnA jamInadAro pAsethI e khaMDaNI ugharAvavA gaye. enI amadAvAdamAMnI gerahAjarIne lAbha laI raghunAtharAva ane mAjIrAva gAyakavADe bhegA maLI amadAvAdane ghero ghAlyA (phebruArI 12, 1753), e bAda javAMmardakhAna sAthe je zaraNAgativALuM samAdhAna thayuM (mArca 70, 1753) temAM javAMmardakhAnane jAgIra tarIke pATaNa zahera ane dasa mahAla (pATaNa vaDanagara vijApura visanagara tharAda kherALu samI muMjapura rAdhanapura ane theravADA) ApavAmAM AvyAM. amadAvAda zaheramAMthI e nIkaLI jAya ema nakkI thayuM. e pachI amadAvAda zahera zaraNe AvyuM (eprila 1, 1753). amadAvAda zahera para marAThAone pUro kabaje AvI jatAM, have prAMtamAM mughala sattAne lagabhaga aMta AvI gaye, chatAM e te pachI paNa pAMca varSa sudhI nAmanI astitvamAM rahI. daramyAnamAM javAMmardakhAnanuM khUna thayuM (sapTembara 27, 1753). bAdazAha AlamagIra 2jAno rAjyaamala (I.sa. 1754-59) dilhImAM 154 nA madhya bhAgamAM mughala bAdazAha ahamadazAhane padabhraSTa karAyo ane enI jagyAe AlamagIra 2 jAne bAdazAha banAvavAmAM Avyo. AlamagIranA nAmavALA rUpiyA ane muhara amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAM. marAThAone amadAvAda para pUre kabajo hovA chatAM jUnI praNAlikA pramANe bAdazAhanA padAre haNanA pharamAnane AvakArAyuM ane enI jAherAta paNa thavA devAmAM AvI. 1754-55 daramyAna marAThAoe momInakhAna 2 jA pAsethI khaMbhAta chatI levA prayAsa karyo, paraMtu emAM emane niSphaLatA maLI. 1756 mAM momInakhAnane nANunI bhAre kheMca paDI. sainikone caDI gayele pagAra cUkavavAno bAkI hato. AthI eNe AsapAsanA marAThAo sahitanA pradezamAMthI lUMTanI rakama meLavI. e varSe amadAvAdanI rakSaNa-dIvAlone bhAre varasAdathI nukasAna thayuM ane marAThAonuM moTuM lazkara anyatra hatuM tethI momInakhAne amadAvAda punaH kabaje karavAnuM nakkI karyuM. eNe marAThAonA virodhIo ane zatruone sahakAra meLavyo, vaLI keTalAka marAThA lazkarI adhikArIone potAnA pakSe lIdhA, ane i-6-8

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14] mughala kAla, vyavasthita kAvataruM karyuM. marAThA subedAra radhunuM khUna karavAmAM AvyuM (sapTembara 6, 1756) ane e pachI amadAvAda para AkramaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. e samaye marAThA lazkara ochI saMkhyAmAM hatuM tethI zaherane bacAva jhAjhe samaya thaI zakyo nahi. amadAvAda para kabajo meLavAya (Tobara 16, 1756). gujarAtanA nAgara brAhmaNa zaMbhurAmanI kAmagIrI amadAvAdanI lazkarI krAMtimAM mahatvapUrNa rahI ethI ene nAyaba subedAra banAvavAmAM Avyo ane pUrNa sattAo sAthe mukhya maMtrI nImavAmAM Avyo. 3 mInakhAna (I.sa. 1756-58) memanakhAne rAjadhAnI para kabajo meLavI, gujarAtanA chelA musilama sUbedAra tarIke sthAna meLavyuM, paNa e samaye dilhImAM kedrIya mughala sarakAra bhAMgI paDI hatI. tyAMthI svIkRti magAvatAM momInakhAnane saMdeza mokalavAmAM Avyo ke mughala samrATa taraphathI je mAnapAna ane bakSisa joIe to ApavAmAM Avaze, paNa potAnA sthAnanA rakSaNa mATe tamAre tamArAM sAdhana para ja AdhAra rAkhavo paDaze. bIjI bAjue pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAva, je A vakhate hiMdamAM sarvocca lazkarI tAkAta dharAvanAra tarIke khyAtanAma banyo hato, tene gujarAtanA banAvonI joNuM thatAM tarata ja potAnA nAyaba sadAziva rAmacaMdrane pUrI sattA sAthenuM susajaja lazkara ApI makA , dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADa tathA enA bhAI khaMDerAva paNa sadAzivane sahakAra ApI madade jAya evI sUcanA ApI. e rIte saMyukta marAThA lazkaranuM AkramaNa amadAvAda para thayuM. momInakhAne bacAva mATe prayAsa karyA. lagabhaga 14 mAsa (jAnyuArI 7, 1757 thI phebruArI 27, 1758) sudhI ghere cAle. gherAnA samaya daramyAna momInakhAnanI muzkelIo vadhI. meTA lazkarane pagAra cUkavavA bAbatamAM nANAMnI taMgI hatI tethI amadAvAdanI hiMdu temaja muslima prajA pAsethI gerakAyade karaverA pharajiyAta ugharAvavAmAM AvyA. DabhoDA ane enI AsapAsa rahetA kALIo bhAre sAhasa ane hiMmata batAvI, zaherane anAja-sAmagrI trIsagaNI kiMmate vecI jatA. marAThAonA gherA daramyAna sauthI vadhu kharAba dazA to prajAnI thaI. vepAradhaMdhAmAM bhAre nukasAna, AkarA verA, mAlamilakatane thatuM nukasAna, jarUrI khAdya cIjonA abhAvathI bhUkhamarAnI sthiti, marAThAono zahera pharate kaDaka cokIpahero, vagere hADamArIothI prajA trAsI gaI tethI garIba ane bhUkhyA prajAjanoe zaheramAMthI anyatra sthaLAMtara karavA dhasAro karyo. karanI vasUlAta, daMDa ane japtI

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4 thu] mughala hakUmatanI paDatI... 15 jevAM AkarAM pagalAM lIdhAM chatAM momInakhAnane nANAMnI taMgI ja rahI. lazkarano pagAra niyamita cUkavAto nahi. pariNAme ghaNuM saMkhyAmAM lazkarI sainikee momInakhAnane pakSa choDavo ane dAmAjIrAve asaMtoSAyelAone nekarI ApavAnI jAherAta karatAM teo marAThA pakSe joDAyA ( rUTobara, 1757). 1pa7 nA aMta sudhImAM marAThAoe amadAvAda zahera pharato ghero vadhu kaDaka banAvI bhIMsa vadhArI. 1758 nA AraMbhamAM sUphI umarAva zAha nure (mULa nAma hasanakulIkhAna) momInakhAnane karuNa sthitimAMthI ugArI levA pezavA sAthe samAdhAna karAvI ApavAno prayatna karI je. pezavA pAsethI lAvelI zarato zAha re momInakhAnane jaNAvI, paraMtu momInakhAne e svIkArI nahi. zAha nare tethI prayAsa choDI dIdhA (jAnyuArI 15), paraMtu eka ja mahinAmAM momInakhAne samagra paristhitithI taMga AvI jatAM samAdhAna mATe taiyArI batAvI dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanI madhyasthI svIkArI. je samAdhAna thayuM temAM momInakhAne sittera hajAra (mULa eka lAkhanI rakama hatI) rUpiyA ApavAnuM, khaMbhAta baMdara enI pAse rahevA devAyuM, paNa enI aDadhI jakAta pezavAne ApavAnuM, ghoghA seMpI devAnuM ane mukhya maMtrI zaMbhurAmane kabaje soMpI devAnuM kabUlyuM. e pachI amadAvAda marAThAonA kabajAmAM AvyuM (phebruArI 27, 1758)15 ane enI sAthe mughala sattAne gujarAtamAM aMta AvI gayA. pAdaTIpa 1. Siyar-ul-Mutakherin, trans. by J. Briggs, Vol. I, pp.98-101 2. "mirAte ahamadI', (guja. anu. ke. . jhaverI), veM. 2, khaMDa 1, pR. 7-8 3. Gense and Banaji, The Gaikwads of Baroda, Vol. I, pp. 21-22 4. "mirAte ahamadI', baeN. ra, khaMDa 1, pR. 23 5. ejana, pR. 59-60 $. Gense and Banaji, op. cit., pp. 5-7 7. W. Irwine, Later Mughals, Vol. II, pp. 193-94, 196, 200-21; mirAte ahamadI', . 2, khaMDa 1, pR. 116, 121-122, 136-138 < V, G. Dighe, Peshwa Baji Rao I and Maratha Expansion, pp. 33-36

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116] mughala kAla 9. "mirAte ahamadI', va. 2, khaMDa 2; 5. ra88-290 20. Gense and Banaji, op. cit., p. 45 11. mirAte ahamadI', . 2, khaMDa 2, 5. 35-361 12. ejana, khaMDa 3, pR. 574-78; Gense and Banaji, op. cil, Vol. I, p. 113 13. "mirAte ahamadI', veM. 2, khaMDa 3, pR. 580-83 14. ejana, khaMDa 4, pR. 590-650 24. M. S. Commissariat, The History of Gujarat, Vol. II, pp. 540-42

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prakaraNa 5 samakAlIna rAje 1. jADejA vaMza kacchanA jADejAonI eka zAkhA jAma rAvaLanA samayathI navAnagaranI sthApanA sAthe uttara saurASTramAM zarU thaI, te bIjI zAkhA Isa. 15741757 nA gALAnA aMtabhAgamAM merabImAM zarU thaI. Ama kaccha navAnagara ane morabI ema traNa mukhya zAkhA vikasI. (1) kacchanA jADejA A pUrvenA graMtha(pR. 154)mAM kacchanI gAdIe kheMgArajI (1 lA)ne je. navAnagaranA jAma rAvaLe ene vinAza karavA karelA prayatna niSphaLa gayA. siMdha taraphanI sarahadanA rakSaNa nimitte siMdhanA zAha husena sAthe athaDAmaNe thatI. jhArAnA yuddhamAM rAvane parAjaya paNa maLyo, paNa husena kacchane kazuM nukasAna karI zakyo nahi. 90 varSanI uMmare I.sa. 1585 mAM kheMgArajInuM avasAna thatAM kacchane svataMtra sattA tarIke aMta Avyo, chatAM amadAvAdI sattAnI pakaDa DhIlA prakAranI ja hatI : mAtra kacchanA rAve jarUra paDatAM 5,000 ghoDesavAra lazkarathI sahAyamAM javAnuM hatuM. kheMgArajI I.sa. 1585 mAM avasAna pAmyo enI pUrve ja moTo putra bhojarAjajI haLavadanA rAyadhara jhAlAnI madade jatAM kAma AvI gayelo ane ene putra asijha taddana bALaka hovAthI bhejarAjajIne bhAI bhAramalajI (1) sattA upara Avyo. mujhaphara 3 je hAlAramAMthI nAsI bhAramalajI pAse gayele tyAre rAve ene mughala sainyane havAle karyo hato vagere vigata A pUrve sUcita thaI che. bhAramalajI gujarAtanA sattAdhArIone adhIna hato. eNe beeka vAra bhAthuM UMcakeluM, paNa niSphaLatA maLelI. jahAMgIra jyAre I.sa. 1917mAM amadAvAda Avela tyAre bhAramalajIne enI salAmIe javuM paDayuM hatuM, jyAM sAruM najarANuM dharatAM jahAMgIre paNa enI sArI kadara karI ene TaMkazALa sthApavAnI ane emAM kacchI kerInuM nANuM chApavAnI sattA ApI hatI. bhatrIjo

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118] mughala kAla aliyAjI uMmaralAyaka thatAM ene kokA paragaNuM bheTa ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM, je enA avasAne khAlasA karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. bhAramalajInuM I.sa. 1631 mAM avasAna thatAM ane pATavI je nAnI uMmare maraNa pAmelo hoI nAnA putra bhejarAjajIne sattA maLI. enA samayamAM zAha vardhamAne muMdrAnI vasAhata karI. bhojarAjajI aputra maraNa pAmatAM enA bhAI meghajIne kumAra kheMgArajI dattaka putra tarIke I.sa. 1645 mAM gAdIe Avyo. enA avasAne sumarIne peTe janmelA hamIrajIne sattA soMpavAmAM AvI, paNa kheMgArajIne bhAI tamAcI sattarame divase Avyo ne hamIrajIne gAdIethI uThADI mUkI eNe I.sa. 1654 mAM kacchanI sattA hAMsala karI. A rAva tamAcIna samayamAM dArA zukeha nAsI kacchamAM pAchaLathI jANItA thayelA dArAvADI nAmaka sthAnamAM AvI vasyo hato. eNe navAnagaranA jAma ane kacchanA rAva pAse sainyanI sahAya mAgI, paNa emAM niSphaLatA maLatAM e kacha choDI gayo. rAva tamAcI I.sa. 166ra mAM avasAna pAmatAM eno putra rAyadhaNajI (1 le) sattA upara Avyo. kacchanI khaMDaNI jahAMgIranA samayathI mApha hatI, paNa amadAvAdanA sUbedAre moTuM satya mokalI moAjhimabegane khaMDaNI ugharAvavA mokalyo tyAre rAve paNa sArI evI taiyArI karatAM mughala senApati paravAne ApI parata thaI gayo. A rAyadhaNajInuM I.sa. 1697 mAM avasAna thatAM, moTA be putre pitAnA jIvatAM ja maraNa pAmelA eTale trIjo putra prAgamalajI gAdIe AvyA. e vakhate meMghaNajInA putra hAle che ane rAjInA putra kAMyAjIe judAM judAM thANuM kabaje karI tyAM tyAM sattA jamAvelI. AmAM hAlojIe muMdrA kAMDI ane koThArA(tA. abaDAsA)nA pradeza ane kAMyAjIe sarahada paranuM aMdaranuM kaTAriyA (tA. bhacAu) ane saurASTranI hadamAMnuM morabI kabaje karI lIdhAM hatAM. rAyadhaNajInA kumAra geDajIe A take hAleja para caDAI karI eka ja divasamAM enI pAsethI muMdrA vagere kAMThInAM bAvana gAma kabaje karI lIdhAM hatAM. prAgamalajI (1 lA)nA samayamAM navAnagaranI gAdIe nabaLA jAma eka pachI eka AvavAthI lUMTArA prabaLa thaI gayA hatA. jAma rAyasaMgajInA avasAne kumAra tamAcI nAne hAI rAva prAgamalajIne zaraNe jaI rahele. e umaralAyaka thatAM rAve potAnA kumAra goDajIne enI sAthe ekalI navAnagara ene soMpyuM. AnA badalAmAM jAme kacchane bAlaMbhAno kille bheTa Ape tyArathI prAgamalajI mahArAva banyo.

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5 su] samakAlIna rAjyA [e prAgajImalanA I.sa. 1715 mAM thayelA avasAne kumAra gADa(1 le!) sattA upara AvyA, paNa e traNa ja varSamAM avasAna pAmatAM I.sa. 1718 mAM enA putra desaLajI (1 lA) sattA upara AvyA. desaLajI sattA upara AvyeA tyAre kacchamAM te adhuM sUtaru' cAlatuM hatuM, paNa mArakhIne krAMyeAjI khaTapaTa karatA hatA, sArI khaMDaNI ApavAnI lAlace amadAvAdathI sarakhulaMdakhAnane 50 hajAranA rasainya sAthe bhUja upara e laI Avyo. tAjA gAdIe AvelA desaLajIthI paheAMcAya ema naheAtuM tyAre paTarANI bAI rAjabA vAdhelIe peAtAnI khAnagI milakata kADhI ApI ane devakaraNa zeTha nAmanA luhANAe samagra saMcAlananI javAbadArI uThAvI lIdhI. devakaraNe bhAyAta ane garAsiyAone ekaThA karI meT sainya jamAvyu. ane sUmedAranA raunyane eka pachI eka aneka sthaLe kharAbI vaheAravI paDI. kAMyAjI sarakhula dukhAnane cheDI nAsI gayA. A arasAmAM saramula dukhAnane sUbedAra-padethI dUra karAtAM e dhere uThAvI amadAvAda taraph cADhyA gayA. vighnAmAMthI mukta thatAM desaLajIe bhUjiye killo tema aMjAra mudrA ane rAparanA gaDha paNa taiyAra karAvyA. cAMciyAe thI rakSaNa ApavA kacchIgaDha tema rAyamAenA rakSaNa mATe ja siMdhamAM rAyamAgaDha paNa baMdhAvyA. desaLajInI uttarAvasthAmAM kumAra lakhapatajInI tRSNA jora pakaDavA mAMDI. eNe devakaraNa zeThanuM khUna karAvyuM ane pitAne paNa aTakamAM laI (I.sa. 1741) gAdI haratagata karI. dasa varSI kedamAM rahyA pachI I.sa. 1752 mAM desaLajInuM avasAna thatAM kumAra lakhapatajI sasattAdhIza banyA. lakhapatajInA AraMbhane samaya AMtarika kalaheAmAM pasAra thayA. lakhapatajInA samayanA e nAMdhapAtra banAva te rAmasidgha mAlamanI vidyAkalAne ApelA prabaLa vega ane bhUjamAM vrajabhASAnI pAThazALAnI sthApanA karI te. lakhapatajI pote paNa ucca kaeNATino kavi hatA. ane keTalAka kAvya graMtha paNa lakhelA. e khUba ezaArAmI hatA ane ene kAraNe rAganA bhAga banI mAtra 44 varSanI vaye I.sa. 1760 mAM maraNa pAmyA.4 (2) navAnagaranA jAma jADejA A pUrve (graMtha 5. pR. 157) ApaNe joyu che ke I.sa. 1569 mAM vibhAjI jAma pachI eno putra satrasAla gAdIe AvyA hatA, jene sulatAna mujhaphphara OMjAvI sAthe sArA sabadha hatA. e sunnatAne satrasAlane kArI pADavAnI

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120] mughala kAla [pra. sattA ApI hatI. I.sa. 1591 mAM nAsabhAga karIne mujhaphaphara saurASTramAM Avyo tyAre jAma satrasAla, daulatakhAna ghorI ane temA khumANane maLyo. gujarAtamAM akabarane dUdhabhAI mIrajhA ajhIjha kAkA sUbedAra hato. te meTA rasainya sAthe mujhaphaphara pAchaLa dho Avato hato. sUbedAranuM ane satrasAla vagere sAthIdAronuM -e sainya dhoLa (ji. jAmanagara) pAse bhUcara morI nAmaka sthaLa pAse ekabIjAnI sAme AvI maLyAM ne yuddha thayuM. temAM satrasAlano parAjaya thatAM e navAnagara tarapha cAlyo gayo ne lemo khumANa taTastha rahI cAlyo gayo. bIje divase satrasAlanA kumAra ajIpa ane jAmanA pradhAnamaMtrI jasAjIe AvI yuddha cAlu rAkhyuM, paNa emAM beu mAryA gayA. mujhaphphara daulata khAna ghorI sAthe jUnAgaDha gayA. vaLate divase ajhIjha keka navAnagara gayo ane tyAMthI satrasAlane nasADI nagarane pitAnI sattA nIce lIdhuM ane ene potAnI chAvaNInuM mukhya mathaka banAvyuM.' satrasAla baraDAnA DuMgaromAM Azraya karI rahyo, jUnAgaDha upara mughala lazkaranI bhIMsa vadhatAM mujhaphakara paNa satrasAla pAse jaI rahyo. saMyogavazAta kekAne chAvaNI uThAvI amadAvAda javuM paDayuM, paraMtu e eka hAkemane navAnagaramAM rAkhate gayo. satrasAla baraDAnA DuMgarAmAM Azraya laI rahyo hata; enI A karuNa dazAne aMta enA nAnA bhAI jasojIe dilhI jaI bAdazAhanI kRpAthI Apyo.7 bIjo mata evo che ke ajhIjha kokA sAthe potAnA vakIla dvArA samAdhAna karI navAnagarano satrasAle pharI kabajo meLavyo, paNa satrasAla have mughala sattAnA khaMDiyA tarIke rAjya karI rahyo hato. enuM I.sa. 1608 mAM avasAna thatAM, bhUcara morInA yuddhamAM mAryA gayelAM ajene kumAra lAkho taddana bALaka heI satrasAlanA bhAI jasAjIe rAjakArabhAra saMbhALe. jAma jasAjInA samayane eka beMdhapAtra banAva e siMdhanA devacaMdajIe I.sa. 1619 AsapAsamAM navAnagaramAM nijAnaMda kivA praNAmI saMpradAyanI sthApanA karI e che. * ja cha I.sa. 1642 mAM gRhakalezamAM jhAlI rANIne hAthe mAryo gayo. e aputra hovAthI ane kumAra lAkha 1le navAnagaranI gAdIe Avyo. 1 lAkho sattA upara AvatAM eNe mughala sattAnI cUDamAMthI nIkaLavA lazkara vadhAryuM ane baheLA pramANamAM kerI paDAvavA mAMDI. I.sa. 17ra7 mAM zAhajahAM dilhInI gAdIe Avyo tyAre kAMkarejanA keLIoe baMDa karyuM. have jAme khaMDaNI

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( 121 5 muM] samakAlIna rAje ApavAnuM baMdha karyuM, A kAraNe I.sa. 1640-41 mAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra AjhamakhAne navAnagara upara caDAI karI jAma pAsethI khaMDaNI vasUla karI ane kirIo na pADavA bAbatanuM vacana lIdhuM. I.sa. 165 mAM jAma lAkhAjI maraNa pAmatAM enA putra raNamalajI navAnagaranI gAdIe Avyo. e niHsaMtAna hatA, paraMtu jodhapuranI enI rAThoDa rANIe pitAne putra thayele che evI vAta ThasAvI, eka chokarAnuM nAma satAjI rAkhI ene vArasa tarIke jAhera karyo, paraMtu raNamalano bhAI rAyasiMha rAjakArobAra joto hato teNe raNamalajI pAse ja jAhera karAvyuM ke e putra pitAno nathI, eTalAmAM raNamalajIne dehAMta thayo ane rAThoDa rANIe sojInA nAmane paDe vagaDAvyo, paraMtu rAyasiMhe dhroLanA jUnejI ane navAnagaranA jamAdAra gopAladAsanI madadathI sattA hAMsala karI,12 AthI rAThoDa rANIe gujarAtanA e samayanA sUbedAra kubuddInanI madada mAgI. e saunya laIne Avyo ne zekhapATa pAse yuddha thayuM temAM rAyasiMhajI mAryo gayo (I.sa. 1663) ane kubuddIne navAnagarane kabaje laI satAjIne nAmano rAjA rAkhI, nagaranuM islAmAbAda' nAma sthApa samagra mulaka pAdazAhata sAthe bheLavI dIdho. rAyasiMhane kumAra tamAcI nAnI uMmarane hato teNe kacchamAM jaI Azraya lIdho. thoDA samaya pachI tamAcI okhAmaMDaLamAM Avyo ne navAnagaranA mulakane ujajaDa karavA lAgyo jodhapuranA mahArAjA jasavaMtasiMhajI bIjI vAra gujarAtanA sUbedAra banyA tyAre e bhaNe tamAcI 1 lAne navAnagaranI sattA soMpI, paNa Ama chatAM auraMgajheba jIvato hato tyAM sudhI te jAma jAmakhaMbhALiyAmAM raheto hato. I.sa. 1690mAM tamAcInuM avasAna thatAM ene kumAra lAkho ra je, jeNe porabaMdara sudhI pradeza dabAvyo hato, enA avasAne I.sa. 1709mAM eno kumAra rAyasiMha ra je gAdIe Avyo. A rAyasiMhe navAnagaramAMnA musalamAna phojadArane hAMkI kADhayo ne navAnagaramAM AvI saMpUrNa sattA hAtha karI. enA samayamAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra dAUdakhAna panIe I.sa. 1714-15 mAM navAnagara AvIne khaMDaNI vasUla karI ane I.sa. 1717 mAM sUbedAra ajitasiMha khaMDaNI vasUla levA jAmanagara Avyo tyAM jAma rAyasiMhe prabaLa sAmane Ayo, paNa aMte traNa lAkha rUpiyA khaMDaNInA ane kacchI 25 gheDA ApI samAdhAna karavuM paDayuM. I.sa. 1718 mAM rAyasiMhanA nAnA bhAI haradhoLajIe ene mArI nAkhe ane pote sattAsatra dhAraNa karyA. rAyasiMhane putra tamAcI kacchanA Azraye rahyo kate. kacchamAMnI enI mAsI nAnI yuktithI gujarAtanA sUbedAra sarabulaMdakhAna ane jUnAgaDhanA salAbata muhammadakhAnanI madadathI haradhoLajIne dUra karI jAma

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122] mughala kAla [pra. tamAcI 2 je navAnagaranI sattA upara Avyo tyAre sUbedAra sarabulaMdakhAne navAnagara pAsethI traNa lAkha rUpiyA khaMDaNInA mAgyA. bIje varSo jUnAgaDhane salAbata muhammakhAna vacce paDayo ane eka lAkhe patAvaTa karI. I.sa. 174ra mAM gujarAtane sUbedAra momInakhAna navAnagara upara caDI Avyo, jAma enI sAme thayo ne. khaMDaNI ApavAno inkAra karyo, paraMtu pachI 50 hajAra rUpiyA ApI momInakhAnane pAcho vALyo. tamAcI sattA upara AvyA pachI bhAyAtone saune potapotAnA sthAnamAM mokalI ApyA hatA AmAMnA paDadharInA hAlAjIe sattA meLavavAmAM tamAcIne sahAya karelI heI ene khoTuM lAgyuM tethI vaDhavANanA bhAyAta karaNasiMgane tamAcIne maLavA javAnA bahAne lazkara laI mokale. karaNasiMge lAga sAdhI tamAcInuM khUna karyuM, paNa rANIe jAmane jIvatA hoya e rIte lokone batAvatAM lAkee karaNasiMgane hAMkI kADhayo. baMne rANIo aputra hatI eTale eka-eka chokarAne baMnee dattaka lIdhe,. emAM moTI rANIe lIdhela lAkhojI 3 je navAnagaranI sattAne hakkadAra banI I.sa. 1743 mAM gAdIe AvyuM. lAkhojInI haLavadavALI jhAlI rANI sAthe traNa khavAsa bhAIo haLavadathI AvyA hatA temane merAmaNa buddhizALI hato. jAma nabaLo hAI dhIme dhIme. merAmaNanuM calaNa vadhatuM jatuM hatuM. A vAta jhAlI rANIne gamatI nahotI tethI eka divase merAmaNanA bhAI nAnajIne marAvI nAkhe, AthI merAmaNe pitAnAM mANasa bheLAM karI mahela upara AkramaNa karyuM ne jhAlI rANIne keda karI ane rAjakArobAra potAnA hAthamAM lIdho. jAma lAkhojI I.sa. 1768mAM avasAna pAme tyAM sudhI A pramANe cAlyuM. (3) dhoLanA jADejA navAnagaranA saMsthApaka jAma rAvaLanA nAnA bhAI haradhoLajIthI dhroLanA jADejA vaMzano AraMbha thAya che. dhroLamAM rAjya zarU karyuM tyAre haradhoLajIe 140 gAma kabaje karyAM hatAM (I.sa 1519). e nedhapAtra che ke jAma rAvaLane badho AdhAra haradhoLajI upara hatA. jeThavAo sAthenA vigrahamAM haradhoLajIne dagAthI mArI nAkhavAmAM Avyo. haradhoLajI pachI ene moTo kumAra jasojI gAdIe Avyo (I.sa. 1550). A jasAjIe mahemAna tarIke bolAvIne potAnA samakAlIna jeThavA rANA bhANajIne mAryo kahevAya che. A jALa upara haLavadane

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5 muM). samakAlIna rAje [123 jhAle rAyasiMhajI caDasAcaDasImAM caDI AvatAM yuddhamAM jaseja marAI . jasAjInA Isa. 1596 mAM thayelA avasAne ene kumAra bAmaNijI gAdIe AvyA. enuM avasAna thatAM eno moTo kumAra haLadhoLajI ra je (I.sa. 1636), ane. enA avasAne meTo kumAra meDacha (I.sa. 1947) gAdIe Avyo. enA avaraDAne enAthI nAnA kAkA pacANajIe gAdI kabaje karI lIdhI. enA avasAne ene kumAra kaleja (I.sa.1666) sattA upara Avyo. ene kAThIo sAthenA vigraha jANavAmAM Avyo che. enA avasAne ene moTo kumAra sAMgojI sattA para Avyo. enA samayamAM musilama sainya navAnagara upara caDI AveluM tyAre jAmanI madade gayela sAMgAjI yuddhamAM avasAna pAmatAM ene putra juNejI gAdIe Avyo ane enA avasAne eno moTA kumAra khetojI sattAdhArI banyo. 15 khetojInA avasane ene kumAra koleja ane enA avasAne ene nAno bhAI vAghajI sattA upara Avyo. jeNe I.sa. 1780 sudhI sattA bhogavI hatI. (4) rAjakoTanA jADejA jAma satAjInA, bhUcara morInA yuddhamAM khapI gayelA kumAra ane nAne kumAra vibhejI rAjakoTanA jADejA-kuLanA sthApaka hato. A vibhojIne kAlAvaDa (ji. jAmanagara) jivAImAM maLyuM hatuM. e saradhAra(tA. rAjakoTa)nA vAghelA ThAkaranI kuMvarIne paraNyo hato, jene bApa taraphathI cIbhaDA gAma (ledhIkA mahAla, ji. rAjakoTa) dAyajAmAM maLyuM hatuM. e vakhate saradhAranA vAghelA joramAM hatA ne gAMDaLa sudhI emanI sattA hatI. A vAghelA dhADapADu. haiI mughala sattA paNa vAja AvI gaI hatI ane emane sApha karavA mATe samaya jatI hatI. zAhajahAM amadAvAdane sUbedAra thaIne AvyA tyAre vibhAjIe zAhIM lazkaranI madadathI vAghelA ThAkara kAnajIne haNI saradhAra jItI lIdhuM ane tyAM. pAdazAhI thANuM nAkhyuM. vibhojIe mughala sattAne karelI sahAya ane deravaNIne kAraNe ene araDAI (koTaDA sAMgANuM mahAla, ji. rAjakeTa), rIba (tA. goMDaLa)rIbaDA (tA. goMDaLa) ane kALIpATa (tA. rAjakoTa) vagere gAma jAgIramAM. maLyAM hatAM. vibhojI I.sa. 1635 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ene kumAra maherAmaNajI anugAmI bane. e paNa saradhAramAM rahI musalamAna thANadAro nIce rahI kAmakAja karyo jate hato. I.sa. 1640 mAM kAThIone sIdhA karavA AjhamakhAna saurASTramAM AvyuM tyAre maherAmaNajI saradhAranA muslima thANadArane laI ene maLyo, AthI AjhamakhAne vadhu ekabe gAma ApI enA pradeza upara sattA bhogavavAnI bahAlI ApI.

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124] mughala kAla [ 5. maherAmaNajInA avasAne enA pATavIkumAra sAhebajIne sattA maLI. saradhAramAM rahIne ja e thANadAranI nokarI bajAvato hato. sAhebajIne enA nAnA bhAI kuMbhAjI sAthe meLa nahato. e samayanA saurASTranA phojadAra kubuddIne vacamAM paDI kuMbhojIne aradeI ane rIba ApI samAdhAna karI ApyuM. I.sa. 1675 mAM sAhebajInA avasAne ene kumAra bAmaNiyA anugAmI banyo. bAmaNiyojI saradhAra sAthe sAthe rAjakeTamAM paNa rahI pitAnAM gAmano vahIvaTa karate hato. thANadAranI nekarIthI eNe keTalAMka vadhu gAma paNa meLavyAM ne keTalAMka ijAre paNa rAkhyAM. miyANAo sAthenI eka athaDAmaNamAM e mAryo jatAM I.sa. 1694 mAM ene kumAra maherAmaNajI raje anugAmI bane. I.sa. 1707mAM auraMgajhebanA avasAne saurASTramAM rAjakArabhAra DhIla thatAM, dakSiNa gujarAta tarapha marAThAonI bhIMsa vadhatAM saurASTranAM mughala sainyone e bAja bolAvI levAmAM AvyAM. A take maherAmaNajIe rAjakoTa pitAnI nIce saMpUrNapaNe laI AsapAsanAM bIjAM gAma paNa kabaje karyA, pachI I.sa. 1720 mAM jUnAgaDhane nAyaba phejadAra mAsumakhAna maherAmaNajI para caDI Avyo. ene jagamAM khatama karI rAjakoTano kabaje karI rAjakoTa ane saradhAranI phojadArI svIkArI lIdhI. rAjakeTa nIce e vakhate jasadaNa (tA. jasadaNa), bhADalA (tA. jasadaNa) vagere gAma hatAM. mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAhe I.sa. 1720 mAM rAjakoTano mahAla mAsUmakhAnane jAgIramAM Apyo ne I.sa. 122 mAM mAsUmakhAne rAjakoTano killo baMdhAvI enuM nAma ja "mAsUmAbAda" ApyuM. eNe I.sa. 173ra sudhI phejidAra tarIke A mahAla para sattA bhogavI. pachI maherAmaNajInA pATavI kumAra raNamalajIe rAjakoTa jItI lIdhuM ane bIjA cha bhAIone eka-eka gAma garAsamAM ApI pitAnuM baLa jamAvyuM. AgaLa jatAM kAThIoe kabaje karelA saradhArano paNa kabajo meLavI lIdho hato. I.sa. 1746 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM ene pATavIkumAra lAkhojI ene anugAmI banya. pote DhIlo poce hAI potAnI hayAtImAM ja eNe potAnA pATavI maherAmaNajIne rAjyAbhiSeka karyo. (5) goMDaLanA jADejA saradhAramAM ane rAjakoTamAM rahI thANadAranI sevA bajAvatA maherAmaNajInI pachI anugAmI banelA moTA putra sAhebajI ane nAnA putra kuMbhejI vaccenA :jhaghaDAnuM saurASTranA phojadAra kubuddIne samAdhAna karI ApyuM tyAre kuMbhAjIne aradAI ane rIba e be gAma ApavAmAM AvelAM. A kuMbhAjIe gAMDaLanI potAnI alaga

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5 muM]. samakAlIna rAje [125. zAkhA sthApI. kuMbhejInA avasAne enA anugAmI tarIke AvelA saMgrAmajIe potAnuM vahIvaTI-mathaka goMDaLamAM rAkhyuM tyArathI e e zAkhAnI rAjadhAnI banyuM. saMgrAmajI pachI AvelA hAloe jUnAgaDhamAM vasaMtarAya purabiyAe bahAdura khAnane haTAvI sattA hAMsala karI tyAre dIvAna dalapatarAmane aneka rIte sahAya karI, pote ane putre jAte potAnAM sainyane laI jUnAgaDha hastagata karavAmAM sahAya karI, jene aMte dhorAjInuM paragaNuM gIra meLavyuM. e pachI bhAyAvadara meLavyuM ane enA anugAmI kuMbhejI 2 jAe dhorAjI upaleTA vagere samRddha paragaNuM hAtha karyA. (6) merabInA jADejA I.sa. 1697 mAM kacchanA rAva rAyadhaNajInuM avasAna thatAM prAgamalajI sattA upara Avyo tyAre bhAI noMdhaNajInA putra hAlejIe kAMThIne pradeza cheDe hAtha karI lIdho hato ane rojanI vidhavA rANI bALa kumAra kAMyojIne laI morabI tarapha nAsI AvI hatI. ahIM kAjI uMmare AvatAM eNe kacchanI sarahadanI aMdaranA kaTAriyAno temaja vAgaDano mulaka hAtha karI yuktipUrvaka merabIne pradeza paNa kabaje karI lIdho hato. potAnA avasAna pahelAM merabIne paMthaka potAnA kumAro tejamalajI ane aliojIne seM ne vAgaDa paMthaka bIjA kumArone soMpe. tejamAlajI I.sa. 1729mAM avasAna pAmatAM pitAnI hayAtImAM ja aliyonA hAthamAM morabInI ThakarAta ane kacchamAMnA AI. tema kaTAriyA tAbAnAM bIjAM covIsa gAma AvyAM. kAMjInuM avasAna I.sa. 1734 mAM thayuM. aliye moTe bhAge kacchanA AdhoI (tA. bhacAu)mAM rahete hate. 17 kacchanA akhAtanuM vavANiyA baMdara eNe zarU karyuM. eka vAra dvArakAnI yAtrAthI pAcho Avato hato tyAM paDadharI gAmamAM tyAMnA hAlejI nAmanA garAsiyAe ene mArI nAkhatAM enA anugAmI tarIke eno kumAra ravojI Avyo. sattA para AvatAM ja eNe. paDadharI para caDI AvI ene ujajaDa karI nAkhyuM ane navAnagaranA jAma pAsethI sAta gAma badalAmAM lIdhAM. pAchaLathI navAnagaranA jAme cha gAma pAchAM laI lIdhAM. ne ekaluM ghunaDA (tA. morabI) merabI pAse rahyuM. rajIe morabIne viratArA vadhAryo ane merabIne pharato majabUta kille bAMche. mALiyA(miyANA) nA ThAkora sAthenI aneka athaDAmaNamAM ene saphaLatA maLI nahotI. kara7no kumAra lakhapatajI risAIne merabI Avelo tyAre rojIe enI sArI khAtara-baradAsta karelI.

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126] [X. sughala kAla 2. jeThavA vaMza mughala sattAne gujarAtamAM AraMbha thayA tyAre rAmadevajI 4 thA (167), bhANajI 7mA (168) khImeAjI 3 jo (sagIra) (19) eka pachI eka sattA para AvyA, khImAjI 3jo sagIra hAvAthI enI mAtA kalAMbAI vAlI tarIke sattA bhAgavatI hatI. jAmatI sattAe baraDAno . badhA pradeza kabaje karI lIdhA hatA. A kaTokaTInA samaye rAjyanenimakahalAla mera ane rabArI lAkoe sArI k ApI. sadbhAgye peArabaMdaranA dariyAmAM samudranA teATTAne bhAMgeluM keAI vahANu taNAI Avyu temAMthI dhaNuM dravya maLyuM, AnAthI mera ane rabArI lAkAnu eka prabaLa sainya kalAMbAIe UbhuM karyuM. A arasAmAM akabaranAM sainyAe mujhaphpharazAha 3 jAte pakaDavA saurASTrane khUM chuM emAM navAnagaranA jAma satAjIne bhAre mAra paDayo. A -takano lAbha rAjamAtAe uDAvyeA ane bhAdara nadIthI lai cheka vastu nadI sudhIno potAno uttarano pradeza hastagata karI lIdhe, merI prajAe batAvelI vaphAdArIno badalA rAjamAtAe 16 jeTalAM gAma pasAyata karI vALI ApyA. umare AvatAM khImeAjIe potAno lAMkhA samaya prajAnI unnatine mATe gALyA, saMkhyAbaMdha gAmAne killA dhAvyA. hAyAno vartamAna killA A khImAjIe badhAvelA che. 18 enA I.sa. 1635 mAM thayelA avasAne19 enA kumAra vikramAtajI (170) ane I.sa. 1671 mAM eneA putra saratAnajI 1 leA (171) krame rAjA thayA. A rANAnA samayamAM mughala sattAnAM mULiyAM hacamacavA lAgyAM, paNa rANAnA pradeza sudhI keAInI najara naheAtI. A rANAnuM mahattvanuM kA' te I.sa. 1671-1686 mAM peArabaMdarane baMdarIya daSTie AbAda banAvavA nANAMnA sAre| vyaya karI zaherane karatA majabUta killo baMdhAvyeA. e vakhate chAyAmAM mughala sattAnA avazeSa tarIke muslima thANuddAra hatA tene paNa dUra karavAmAM Avye. saratAnajInuM I.sa. 1699 mAM avasAna thatAM eneA putra bhANajI 8 mA 172) sattA upara AvyA. enuM e varSamAM ja avasAna thatAM ene putra khImAjI 4 thA (173) sattA para AvyA. I.sa. 1727 pahelAM saramula dakhAne khaMDaNI udharAvavA chAyA para caDAI karI hatI. mAMgaroLanA zrImALI vaNika desAIe e samaye jUnAgaDhanA pradezamAM jUnAgaDhanA phAjadAra vatI desAIgIrI karatA hatA. mAdhavapura-gheDanI desAIgIrI paNa emanA hAthamAM hatI. jUnAgaDha ane mAMgarALa para muslima pakaDa hAI A tIdhAmane bacAvI levA I.sa.

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pazu] samakAlIna rAjye [127 1726 mAM rANA khImAjIe mAdhavapura-gheDanA killA desAIe pAsethI kharIdI lIdhA ane peAtAnI hada dakSiNamAM dheDanA dakSiNa-pazcima nAke AvelA mAdhavapuragheDa sudhI sthira karI lIdhI, I.sa. 1725 mAM saramula dukhAna gujarAtanA sUbedAra banyA. e pachI pezakazI udharAvavA AvyA tyAre zerakhAna bAbIe ene mAdhavapura-gheDane kabajo levAmAM madada karI. tyAMneA thAdAra raheADadAsa e samaye mAryAM gayeA. e samaye zrI mAdhavarAyajI trikamarAyajInI mUrti enA bacAva mATe 40,000 kArI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. sarakhulaMdakhAna tyAMthI AgaLa vadhI chAyA upara caDAI laI gayA tyAre rANA prathama samudramArga salAmata sthaLe nIkaLI gayA ane eNe eka lAkha keArIne daMDa bharI chAyAneA killA meLavyeA, mAdhavapura paNa maLI gayuM. khImeAja 4 thA I.sa. 1734 mAM avasAna pAmatAM enA putra vikamAtajI 5 meA (174) sattA upara AvyA. A rANAe I.sa. 1748 mAM kutiyANAMnA kasbAtIne harAvI tyAMnA killA baje karyAM. enA avasAne I.sa. 1757 mAM saratAnajI 2 jo sattA para AvyuM.20 3. jhAlA vaMza (1) haLavada-dhrAMgadhrAnA jhAlA akabare I.sa. 1573 mAM gujarAta kabaje karyuM tyAre mAnasi MhajI (graMtha 5, pR. 175) nahi, paNa I.sa. 1564 mAM ja mAnisa MhajInA avasAne sattA para AvelA rAyasiMhajI haLavadamAM hatA. rAyasiMhajInuM mRtyu dhAMTalInA raNakSetramAM I.sa. 1584 mAM thayuM ane kumAra caMdrasiMhajI sattA upara AvyA.21 rAyasiMhajInA avasAna pachI vAMkAnera vaDhavANu lakhatara cUDA ane sAyalAnI jhAlAzAkhAe astitvamAM AvI. subrala sakhedAra sAthe vAMdhA paDatAM ziyANInA adajI caMdrasiMhane Azare AvI rahyo, paNa yuvarAja pRthvIrAja ane adAjI vacce sadha jAgatAM, caMdrasiMha vacce paDatAM yuvarAja vaDhavANu jaI rahyo. eNe vaDhavANa najIkathI pasAra thate zAhI khAne lUTayo ane pariNAme mughala sattAneA kedI banya, paNa eNe ja muslima sattAne khaMDaNI vasUla karavAmAM madada karI, AvA eka saMdharSamAM adecha mAryAM gayA. pRthvIrAjane rAjya na maLe ane nAnA AsakaraNajIne maLe e mATe pRthvIrAjane dilhI pakaDI lai javAmAM AvyA, jyAM enuM mRtyu thayuM.22 rAjA caMdrasiMhajInA avasAne I.sa. 1926mAM AsakaraNajI sattA para AvyA. nAnA bhAI abhesiMhajIne thAna garAsamAM maLatAM thAna-lakhataranuM jhAlA

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128] mughala kAla pri rAjaya astitvamAM AvyuM. nAnA bhAI amarasiMhajIe AsakaraNajInuM I.sa. 1634 mAM khUna karI sattA hAMsala karI. enA avasAne yuvarAja meghapAlajI I.sa. 1645 mAM sattA para Avyo. enA avasAne I.sa. 1961 mAM yuvarAja gajasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo.23 A samaye vAMkAneranA rAjA rAyasiMhajIe bahAravaTuM kheDeluM, jemAM gohela ajI haLavada pAse I.sa. 1666 mAM mAryo. ga. gajasiMhajInA baMne kumAra maraNa pAmelA eTale enA pachI phaTAyA kumAra jazavaMtasiMhajI I.sa. 1672 mAM sattA para Avyo.24 e sAlamAM mughala sUbedAra jodhapuranA mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMhajI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA haLavada upara caDI AvelA emAM haLavada paDayuM ne haLavadanI jAgIra khAlasA karI najaraalI. khAna bAbI nAmanA eka saradArane bakSisa ApavAmAM AvI. 24 A samaye haLavadanuM muhammadAbAda' nAma zarU karavAmAM AveluM (I.sa. 1673-78). A pachI be varSa sudhI vAMkAneranA caMdrasiMhajI 1lAnI sattA rahI, paraMtu I.sa. 1680 mAM jazavaMtasiMha jhAlAe auraMgajheba pAsethI sanada meLavI haLavada tema kUDAnA mIThAnA agare parane kAyamI hakka meLavyo. jazavaMtasiMhajInuM jodhapuranA mArAo dvArA I.sa. 1723mAM khUna thayuM eTale kumAra pratApasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo. enA avasAne yuvarAja rAyasiMhajI I.sa. 1730mAM sattA para Avyo.25 eNe rAjyane vistAra vadhAratAM have rAjadhAnI dhAMgadhrAmAM lAvavAmAM AvI. Ama chatAM rAjyAbhiSeka to haLavadanI TIlA-meDImAM ja thavAnuM avicchinna rahyuM. enA pachI kumAra rAjasiMhajI I.sa. 1756-57mAM sattA para Avyo. (2) ziyANuM-lIkhaDInA jhAlA pUrve (graMtha 5, pR. 175) jaNAvyA pramANe mughala sattAnA humalAothI bacavA AsakaraNe jAMbu choDI ziyANImAM rAjadhAnI sthApI hatI (I.sa. 1583). enuM I.sa. 1584 mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra adejI 1 le sattA upara Abe, paNa mughala AkramaNa AvatAM ene ziyANI choDI haLavada jaI rahevuM paDayuM. pachIthI eNe ziyANI pAchuM kabaje karyuM. e I.sa. 1634 mAM avasAna pAmatAM enA pachI vaheroLa 1 lo, karaNasiMhajI ane bhojarAjajI ziyANImAM eka pachI eka AvyA. bhejarAjajInuM I.sa. 1706 mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra aocha je sattA upara Avyo. vaDhavANamAM koTAthI AvI arjunasiMhajI ane abhesiMhajIe bhagatasiMhajInuM khUna karI sattA hAMsala karI tyAre morabInA kAMyAjInI madhyasthIe nimAyelA jhAlA rAjavIonA paMcamAM ziyANIne

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5 muM). samakAlIna rAjya [129 A adajI ra je paNa hato. enA pachI vahero jI ra je I.sa. 1728 mAM 27 ane harabhamajI I.sa. 1752 mAM krame AvyA hatA. A harabhamajIe pitAnA rAjyakAlamAM lIMbaDInI vasAhata khIlavI tyAM rAjadhAnI karI. A pUrve kumAra vaherone saM. 1793 (I.sa. 1737)ne ane kumAra amarasiMhajIne saM. 1794(I.sa. 1738), evA be pALiyA lIbaDInA taLAvane kAMThe AvelI chataraDIomAM che te adejI 2 jAnA putra kumArAvasthAmAM ja kAThIonA ane bajANAnA jato sAthenA yuddhamAM marAyAnA jaNAya che. adajI 2 jA, vaherAi ane amarasiMhajInI derIo karAI hatI (tA. 16--1774). enA tyAMnA ja lekhamAM adAjIne zrImahApAra= kahela che e noMdhapAtra che. 28 varojIno kumAra tarIke nirdeza hAI I.sa. 1737 sudhI jIvaMta hoya. (3) vAMkAneranA jhAlA vAMkAneranA jhAlAkuLane sthA5ka saratAnajI haLavadanA rAjavI caMdrasiMhajInA yuvarAja pRthvIrAja kumAra hata.29 pRthvIrAja dilhImAM maraNa pAmatAM saratAnajI navAnagara gayo ane tyAMnA jAmanI madadathI vAMkAneranI AsapAsanA DuMgaromAM rahetA bAbariyA ane mahiyAone vaza karI gaDhiyA DuMgara para thANuM jamAvI rahyo ane I.sa. 1610 mAM vAMkAnera vasAvI tyAMthI potAnI sattA nIcenA pradeza upara vahIvaTa karavA lAgyo. eNe haLavada para ghaNu humalA karyA, paNa phAvyA nahi. Akhare I.sa. 1923 mAM haLavadanA lazkare vAMkAneranI gAya vALI jatAM thayelA saMgharSamAM saratAnajIe prANu khoyA ene kumAra mAnasiMhajI sagIra hAI bhAI ajojI vAlIpada saMbhALI rahyo, paNa phAvatuM AvyuM nahi tethI prathama rAtI devalI ane pachI khoDuM gAma jaI rahyo, jyAM I.sa. 1630 vaDhavANanI zAkhAne AraMbha karyo. bIje bhAI abhesiMhajI I.sa. 1628 mAM thAna--lakhataramAM gAdI sthApIne rahyo. mAnasihajIe paNa haLavada para aneka hahalA karyA hatA, paNa badhA niSphaLa gayA hatA. enuM I.sa. 16pa3 mAM avasAna thatAM ene putra pATavI kumAra rAyasiMhajI 1le sattA para Avyo.30 26 varSanA enA zAMtimaya kArobAra pachI I.sa. 1679 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM eno kumAra caMdrasiMhajI 1 lo sattA para AvyA. enA samayamAM miyANA ane kAThIonA upadrava thayelA. A ja caMdrasiMhajIe31 thoDA samaya mATe mughala thANedAra pAsethI be varSa (I.sa. 1678, 1679)mAM haLavada kabaje laI potAnI ANa varatAvI hatI. caMdrasiMhajI I.sa. 1721 mAM avasAna

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130 ] sughala kAla [3. pAmatAM eneA kumAra pRthvIrAjajI sattA upara AvyA. e I.sa. 1728 mAM aputra maraNa pAmatAM eneA bhAI kesarIsiMhajI sattA upara AvyA. A vakhate jAmanI IcchA nAnA bhAI varaseAjIne vAMkAneranI gAdI para lAvavAnI hatI. paNa vaDhavANanA arjunasiMhajInuM pIThabaLa maLavAne kAraNe niSphaLatA maLI. I.sa. 1749 mAM kesarIsi'jInuM avasAna thatAM yuvarAja bhAreAjI sattA upara AvyA. eNe sAyalAnA zekhAjInI madadathI dhrAMgadhrAneA kabajo jALavI rAkhelA. zekheAjIe bAvaLAnA kalAjInI madadathI haLavada tA lIdhu, paN dhrAMgadhrA meLavI nahetA zakayo. (4) vaDhavANunA jhAlA A pUrve joyu ke rAjojIe I.sa. 1630 mAM vaDhavANumAM jhAlA zAkhA sthApI. enuM I.sa. 1642 mAM avasAna thatAM32 enA kumAra sabasa hajI 1 leA sattA para Avyo. I.sa. 1664 mAM zivAjIe surata lUTayuM tyAre gujarAtanA mughala sammedAra mahAbatakhAne A sabasihajIne sAthe laDavA laI jaI gaurava vadhAryuM hatuM. A sabasihajInuM33 I.sa. 1666 mAM enA nAnA bhAI udayasiMhajIe khUna karyu ane sattA hAMsala karI. udayasiMhajI I.sa. 1681 mAM maraNa pAmatAM ene kumAra bhagatasiMhajI sattA para AvyA. A vaMzanA sthApanAra rAjojInA pautra mAdhavasihajI (kATAmAM) 1707- 1708 mAM thaI gayelA enA kumAra arjunasi MhajI tathA abhayasaMhajIe kATAthI lazkara lAvI vaDhavANunA darabAramAM bhagatasiMhajInuM khUna karyu... ane enA tAkhAnA pradeza baMne jaNAe vaheM'cI lIdhA. i.sa. 1707 mAM arjunanisa hajIe vaDhavANa khaje karI rahetA mughala thANudArane hAMkI kADhayo. abhayasiMhajIe cUDA paragaNuM lIdhuM. 34 arjunasi hajInA rAjyakAlamAM bhagatasi MhajInI vidhavA rANI saMgrAmajI ane amarisaMhajIne laI meArakhInA kAMyeAjI (I.sa. 1998-1730) pAse Azraya mATe gaI. ane sahAyarUpa banavA kAMyeAjIe vaDhavANu para caDAI karI tyAre haLavadathI jasAjI(I.sa. 1673-1723), vAMkAnerathI caMdrasiMhajI(I.sa. 1619-1721), ziyANIthI aMdAjI 2 jo (I.sa. 1706-1728) ane lakhatarathI geApAsiMhajI (I.sa. 1696-1714) paMca tarIke bheLA thayA ane emAM kAMyAjInI madhyasthAthI arjunasiMha ane abhayasiMhane vaDhavANu mATe mAnya rAkhavAmAM AvyA. ajunasi MhanA rAjya-amala daramyAna amadAvAdanA sUbedAra sarakhulaMdakhAna kha`DaNI ugharAvavA AvyA tyAre yuddha thayuM hatuM, paNa aMte samAdhAna thatAM

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAje (131 traNa lAkha rUpiyA ApI chuTakAro meLavyA hatA. vAMkAneramAM kesarIsiMhane sattA upara lAvavAmAM arjunasiMhajIe karelI madada badala vAMkAnera taraphathI vaDhavANane nAganeza paragaNuM bheTa maLyuM hatuM. arjunasiMhajIne putra sabalasiMhajI nAganezamAM raheto hato tyAre I.sa. 1734mAM eNe rANapura para AkramaNa kareluM enI phariyAda dAmAjI gAyakavADanepa jatAM eNe nAganeza para AkramaNa kareluM ane sabaLasiMhajIne keda karI vaDedare laI javAmAM Avele, paraMtu I.sa. 1741 mAM arjunasiMhajInuM avasAna thatAM vaDhavANanA agragaNya nAgariko vaDodarA gayA ne kedamAMthI mukta karAvI lAvI ene sabalasiMhajI rAjA tarIke rAjagAdIe besADavo. eka vigrahamAM bajANunA maleka tAjakhAne sabalasiMhajIne harAvelo. (5) lakhataranA jhAlA haLavadanA caMdrasiMhanA kumAra abhayasiMhajIne thAna-lakhatara jivAImAM maLyAM hatAM. bezaka ene nivAsa haLavadamAM hato. pachI I.sa. 1628 mAM tyAM svataMtrapaNe rAjya karavAne eNe AraMbha karyo. eNe bAbariyAo pAsethI thAnalakhataranI AsapAsane pradeza hAtha nIce karI lIdho hato. I. sa. 1639 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM ene kumAra vajepAlasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo. A rAjavInA samayamAM enA mAmAne tyAMthI vAgaDanA DuMgarapurathI zrI raNachoDarAyanI mUti lAvavAmAM AvI ne tyArathI e kuLa puSTimArgIya vaiSaNava banyuM. I.sa. 1665 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM yuvarAja zeSamalajI ane I sa. 1696mAM enA avasAne yuvarAja gopAlasiMhajI sattA para AvyA.37 vaDhavANane kabaje koTAthI AvI ajunasiMhajIe lIdho tyAre morabInA kAMjInI madhyasthIe banelA paMcamAM gopAlasiMhajI paNa hato. enA I.sa. 1714 mAM thayelA avasAne kumAra karaNasiMhajI sattA upara Avyo. eNe potAnI hada vadhArI, navAnagaranA jAma tamAcIne sattA para lAvavAmAM haLavadanA rAjavInA prayatnane sAtha ApI haLavadanA e bhANejane mATe gAdIne hakaka karAvI Apyo hato. enA I.sa. 1741 mAM thayelA avasAne yuvarAja abhayasiMhajI sattA upara AvyA. (6) cUDAnA jhAlA koTAthI AvI arjunasiMhajI ane abhayasiMhajI e be bhAIoe vaDhavANanA darabAramAM bhagatasiMhajIne ghAta karI sattA kabaje karI tyAre morabInA kojInI

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132] mughala kAla [ >> madhyasthIe bAkInA jhAlA rAjavIonA paMcathI arjunasiMha ane abhayasiMhane vaDhavANa saMpyuM tyAre abhayasiMhajIne cUDA jAgIra maLI hatI. tyArathI A kuLanuM cUDAnA pradezamAM zAsana zarU thayeluM (I.sa. 1707). enA avasAne enA kumAra rAyasiMhajI I.sa. 1747 mAM sattA upara Avyo. (7) sAyalAnA jhAlA I.sa. 1750 mAM sAyalAno pradeza karapaDA ane khavaDa kAThIonA hAthamAM hato. e samaye haLavadamAM rAyasiMhajI sattA upara hato. rAyasiMhajInuM avasAna thatAM I.sa. 1756-57mAM gajasiMhajI sattA upara AvyA ane eNe nAnA bhAI zekhajI ane enAthI nAnA merujIne sAta gAmo sAthe mAthakano garAsa Apyo hate, kAraNavazAt zekhajIe pitAne hisso ApI bhAI sAme bahAravaTuM kheDI dhrAMgadhrAnuM nArIcANA (tA. dhrAMgadhrA) kabaje karyuM, ne pachI dhrAMgadhrA paNa dabAvI lIdhuM. A arasAmAM pezavAne senApati bhagavaMtarAya jhAlAvADamAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA AvatAM enI ane rAdhanapuranA bAbInI madadathI dhrAMgadhrA laI lIdhuM. eTale zekhajI nArIcANuM cAlyo gaye. A jaMgamAM sAyalAnA kAThIo zekhajInI viruddha laDelA eTale I.sa. 1757 mAM chApo mArI eNe sAyalA ane AsapAsanA pradeza kabaje karI sAyalAmAM jhAlAkuLanI zAkhA sthApI. 4. paramAra vaMza (1) mULInA paramAra seDhA zAkhAnA paramAra lakhadhIrajInI AgevAnI nIce I.sa. 14701475 daramyAna saurASTramAM AvyAnuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. mULa e tharapArakara taraphanA hatA, ane thAna thaI ceTIlA AvyA ane tyAMthI lakhadhIrajIe vaDhavANamAM Azraya lIdho. lakhadhIrajIe e pachI mULI thAna cobArI ane coTIlA e cAra paragaNAM meLavI rAjya karavAno AraMbha karyo. enA avasAne ene putra rAmojI38 ane enA pachI bhojarAja sAmaMtasiMha ane lakhadhIrajI ra je kame sattAdhArI banyA, ane ene bhAI hAlojI ene sahAyaka banI rAjakArobAra calAvavA lAgyo. ene siMdhanA keIka muslima zAsaka sAthe eka ja kanyAnA rakSaNa viSayamAM vigraha thayele, jemAM gujarAtanA sUbedAre (mahAbatakhAne ?) daramyAnagIrI karI siMdhI zAsakanA kedI banelA hAlejIne choDAvyA hate. hAlajIe islAma svIkAryo hovAthI sUbedAre ene rANapuranuM paragaNuM inAmamAM ApeluM. tyAM hAlAjInA vaMzaja lAMbA samaya sudhI rAjya karatA rahyA.

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5 muM ] samakAlIna rAje [ 133 bIjI eka brAhmaNa kanyAnA bacAvamAM lakhadhIrajIe prANa kheyA pachI ene putra bhojarAja ra je,39 pachI ocacha ane ratanajI krame sattAdhArI banyA. ratanajInA vakhatamAM amInakhAna ghorI khaMDaNI ugharAvavA Avyo tyAre ratanajIe lAcArI batAvI e parathI amInakhAne mULImAM thANuM jamAvyuM. A kAraNe ratanajIne bahAravaTuM kheDavuM paDeluM, jemAM eNe prANa khoyA. A gALAmAM kAThIoe thAna ane pachI roTIlA paDAvI lIdhAM. ratanajI pachI mULInI gAdIe karaNajI jagadeva rAmasiMha rAyasiMha ratanajI(2) kalyANasiMha mUcha ratanajI( 3 jo) eka pachI eka sattA para AvyA.40 (ra) dAMtAnA paramAra | gujarAtanI pUrvottara sImAe AveluM dAMtA rAjya paramAranuM rAjya hatuM. A rAjyane pUrva itihAsa daMtakathAonAM jALAomAM aTavAI paDele hAI sAco itihAsa tAravavo khUba ja muzkela che. siddharAjanA samakAlIna kahevAtA kaI jagadeva paramAra sAthe ene itihAsa joDavAmAM Ave che. enA pachI jagadhavala megharAja bIjabhANa haMsarAja ravApALa anukrame thayA. ravapALe nagaraThaThThA bAmanavA ane belA (kaccha) e traNe sthaLe rAjya sthApeluM kahevAya che. enA pachI nagarAja aMbarAja vijayarAja bAgarAja bariacarAya ane bhANa nAmanA rAjavIo eka pachI eka thayA. A vaMzamAM pachIthI dAmojI ane jasarAja thayA. jasarAjano putra kedArasiMha urphe kesarIsiMha aMbAjInA dhAma najIkanA gambaragaDhamAM raheto. teNe tarasaMgamAM sattA bhogavatA tarasaMgiyA bhIlane mArI tyAM gAdI sthApI (I.sa. 1269). enA pachI jagatapAla vIrasena seDadeva siddharAja bhANa jagamAla kAnaDadeva ane kalyANadeva anukrame sattA para AvyA. A kalyANadevanA samayamAM be vAra muslima AkramaNa thayAM hatAM. enA pachI mahIpAladeva goviMda rAya lakSmaNadeva rAmadeva kahAnadeva megharAja ajunadeva ane AzakaraNa anukrame rAjA thayA hatA. mughala bAdazAha akabare AzakaraNane "mahArANa'nI padavI ApI devAnuM kahevAya che. AzIkaraNa pachI vAgha gAdIe Avela. ene IDaranA rAva kalyANamalanI sAthe thayelA aNabanAvane kAraNe thayelA vigrahamAM keda pakaDAvAnuM thayuM tyAre vAghane nAno bhAI jayamala kalyANamalane tyAM hatA te nAsI chUTayo ne rAvanA mANasoe kabaje karelA tarasaMgamane kabajo laI lIdho. AnI jANa thatAM rAva kalyANamala tarasaMgama upara caDI Avyo, paNa yuddhamAM parAjaya pAmI IDara cAlyo gayo.

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134 ] mughala kAla [>>. e pachI mATI taiyArI sAthe rAva pharI tarasaMgama upara caDI AvyA. AvA vigrahamAM salAmatI nahi jaNAtAM jAyamala kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe tarasaMgamamAMthI khasI gayA ane dAMtAmAM jaI rahyo. ene putra jeThamala amadAvAda gayeA. dAMtAmAM sthira thayelA mahArANA jAyamalanA avasAne gAdIe AvyA. rAve dakhAvelA pradeza cheDAvavA mATe jeThamala A vakhate kalyANamalanA avasAne AvelA enA putra rAva jagannAtha IDarane sattAdhIza hatA. jeThamalanI caDavaNIthI sUbedAre IDara para caDAI karI, AthI jagannAtha gabharAI IDara cheADI nAsI gayA, tyAre mughala phAje IDaranA kabajo karI lIdhe. rANA jeThamala pachI pUjo mAnasiha ane gasiMha krame sattA para AvyA. rANA gajasi MhanuM I.sa. 1687 mAM avasAna thatAM ene kumAra pRthvIsiMha gAdIe AvyA. AnA samayamAM dAmAjI gAyakavADanuM sainya dAMtA sudhI AvI pahoMcyuM hatu.. thaiDA sAmanA pachI kha'DaNI ApavAnuM svIkAryAMthI dAmAjI cAhyA gayA. e pachI amadAvAdanA sUmedAra haidarakulIkhAna paNa dAMtA upara caDI Avela. pRthIsi hatu I.sa. 1743 mAM avasAna thayuM tethI enA bhAI vIramadevanA putra karaNasiMhane gAdI maLI,41 (3) sthanA paramAra paMcamahAla jillAnA pUrva vibhAganA DuMgaro vacce sUMthanuM nAnuM paramAra vaMzanuM rAjya AveluM. A va`zane! mahipAvata zAkhAne nlalamasiMhu I.sa. 11 mI sadImAM paMcamahAlanI pUM sarahade AvelA eka sthaLe jhAleda nAmanuM gAma vasAvI tyAM sthira thayA. enA pachI jAhAjasiMha bikamasiM hRdayasiMhaiM pratApasiMhu ane jAlamasi ha(ra jo) eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyA. I.sa. 1247 nA eka muslima AkramaNamAM jAlamasi Mha(2 jA)nuM maraNa thatAM enA saMta nAmane kumAra bhIlI pradezamAM vasI gayA ane I.sa. 1255 mAM tyAM "sUtha'' nAmanuM gAma vasAvI rAjya karavA lAgyA te enA kAkA lImadeve kaDANAmAM rAjya sthApyuM.... sa Mta pachI navadhaNu nApe! prathIsiha sUrA ane jayasihu eka pachI eka sattA para AvyA. jayasiMhanA akherAja gajasiMha ane kuMbhA e traNa putroe eka pachI eka rAjya karyu. I.sa. 1414 thI 1443 sudhImAM gujarAtanA sulatAna ahamadazAhe karelI caDAIone kAraNe A rAjavIe tyArathI sulatAnanA khaDiyA anyA. t

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAje [135 kuMbhA pachI rAmasiMha rAyamala ane maMDalika eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyA. chellA maMDalikanI sattA I.sa. 1536 thI 1565 sudhI hatI. enA pachI sUrajamala, pachI ene putra ratanasi ha ane enA pachI enA bhoI vAghajIne putra prathasiMha gAdIe Avyo. enA avasAne ene kumAra sabalasiMha Avyo, jenuM I.sa. 1635mAM avasAna thatAM gajasiMha ane mAhAvasiMha eka pachI eka gAdIe AvyA. mahAvasiMhanuM I.sa. 1704 mAM avasAna thatAM prathasiMhe I.sa. 1735 sudhI ane enI pachI ratanasiMhe I.sa. 1753 sudhI rAjya karyuM. enA avasAne eno banevI vAMsavADAne sisodiyA rAjavI laukika Avyo teNe bALa pATavI kumAra ane enAthI nAnA be bhAIone mArI nAkhI sUcanuM rAjya kabaje karI lIdhuM. cothe kumAra badanasiMha bacI game tene khAMTa avaTaMkanA koLIoe Azraya Ape ne anukULatA joI, sUtha para hale karI vAMsavADAvALAone hAMkI kADhyA ane badanasiMhane gAdIe besADavo.42 5. gRhila vaMza (1) zihora(pachIthI bhAvanagara)ne gRhile I.sa. 1573 mAM mughala sattA gujarAtamAM AvI tyAre ziheramAM gRhila vaMzane visAjI ( I.sa. 1570-1600 )43 sattA upara hato. ene I.sa. 1600 mAM thayelA avasAne eno moTo kumAra dhunojI sattA upara Avyo. enA samayamAM gAriyAdhAranA ThAkora seMghaNajIne kheraDInA lemA kAThI sAthe zatrutA thatAM lemAe noMghaNajI para caDI AvI gAriyAdhArane kabaje karyo ne nedhaNajIne hAMkI kADhyo, AthI ne ghaNajIe dhunachanI madada mAgI. dhunojI sainya ekatrita karavAmAM macyo hato tyAre I.sa. 1619mAM kAThIo caDI AvyA ane veLAvadara (tA. gAriyAdhAra) pAse thayelI athaDAmaNamAM dhunejIne harAvIne mArI nAkhyo.43 dhunojI pachI enI kumAra ratanajI gAdIe AvyA. pahele ja varSe khumANa khasiyA ane saravaiyAe kanaDa (tA. zihera) upara hallo karyo tyAre ratanajI jAte sainya laIne gayo. yuddhamAM ene vijaya thayuM, paNa e maraNa pAmyuM eTale ene kumAra harabhamajI sattA upara Avyo. be ja varSamAM rAjya karI e I.sa. 1622mAM avasAna pAmatAM enA nAnA bhAI gevi dajIe rAjya kabaje karyuM. harabhamajIno kumAra akherAjajI sagIra hoI rAjamAtA ene kacchabhUjamAM laI gaI. akherAjajInA pakSakAroe goviMdajI sAme mAthuM UMcakyuM eTale goviMdajIe jUnAgaDhanA phejadAra mIrajhA IsAtarakhAnanI madada mAgI ghoghAno

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131] mughala kAla hakka sepyo, paNa ceDA ja samayamAM goviMdajInuM avasAna thatAM ene kumAra satarasAlajI ziheranI gAdIe beTho. eka divase akherAjajInA maLatiyA satarasAlajIne mahelamAMthI UMghato ja uThAvI gayA ane kAThIonI madada maLI jatAM akherAjajIne gAdIe besADI dIdho. akherAjajIe satarasAlane bhaMDAriyAne Tapo jAgIramAM ApI enA mananuM samAdhAna karI ApyuM. akherAjajI zaktizALI puravAra thayA. akherAjajInA avasAne I.sa. 1660mAM ene kumAra ratanajI ane enA avasAne I.sa. 1703mAM eno kumAra bhAvasiMhajI gAdIe Avyo. I.sa. 1722-23mAM kaMthAjI kadama baDe ane pilAjI gAyakavADe zihera para humale karele, paNa bhAvasiMhajIe emane pAchA haThAvyA, bhAvasiMhajIne ziheramAM salAmatI na lAgatAM khaMbhAtanA akhAtanI saurASTra bAjunI vaDavAnI khADIne kAMThe AvelA eka nAnA gAmane pasaMda karI tyAM bhAvanagaranI vasAhata I.sa. 1723mAM vikasAvavAno AraMbha karyo. eNe muslima pakaDamAMthI ghoghA paNa jhUMTavI lIdhuM ane rAjyanI sImA vadhArI eNe suratanA siMdhI killedAra sAthe bhAvanagaranA vepAranA rakSaNa mATe karAra karyo, jemAM bhAvanagaranA baMdaranI jakAtano seMkaDe ekacaturkIza Take siMdhI kiledArane Apavo, suratanA vepArIonI thoDI jakAta mApha karavI, badalAmAM bhAvanagarathI suratamAM jatA mAlanI jakAta na devI, vagere mukhya kalama hatI. suratanA siMdhI kiledAra ane bhAvasiMhajIe saurASTranA kinArAnA cAMciyAone kacaDavAne TharAva karyo hato. bhAvasiMhajIe briTiza isTa inDiyA kaMpanI sAthe vepArI saMdhi karI saraLatA karI ApI hatI. eNe bhAvanagara zihera ane umarALA AsapAsanAM gAma pitAnI sattAmAM laI pAlItANune bhAyAta pAsethI trApaja ane cAMciyA koLIo pAsethI sulatAnapura paNa meLavI rAjyanI sImA vistAravALI karI sthira karavAno prayatna karyo hate. (2) lAThInA gRhila lAThImAM gRhilenI zAkhA gohilavADanA guhilonA Adya puruSa sejakajI (I.sa. 1240-1290)nA bIjA kumAra sAraMgajIthI zarU thaI hatI. sAraMgajInI bahena vAlamakuMvara jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamA rA'kheMgArane paraNI tyAre rAte sAraMgajI ane enA bhAI zAhajIne athalA covIsI jAgIramAM ApI hatI. sAraMgajIe zahAjIne mAMDavIne Tappo ApI pote athalAmAM mathaka rAkhyuM hatuM. jUnAgaDhanA rA'mAMDalike athalAne nAza karyo tyAre sAraMgajInI cothI peDhIe thayelA rAjavIe lADI AvI tyAM rAjadhAnI karI.44 lAThInA eka ThAkore dAmAjI gAyakavADane pitAnI kuMvarI paraNAvI tyAre cabhAriyA tAlukA ene paherAmaNImAM Apelo.

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAje [ 130 e cabhAriyA dAmAjInA nAmathI dAmanagara (tA. lAThI-dAmanagara) tarIke jANItuM thayuM. tyAra bAda gAyakavADe lAThIne rakSaNanI javAbadArI uThAvI lIdhelI. (3) pAlItANAnA gRhile pAlItANAnA gRhilAnI zAkhA gohilavADanA gRhilenA Adya puruSa sejakajI (I.sa. 1240-1ra90)ne trIjA kumAra zAhajIthI zarU thaI hatI. zAhajInI bahena vAlamakuMvara jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamA rA' kheMgArane paraNI tyAre rAtre sAraMgajI ane nAnA bhAI zAhajIne athalA covIsI jAgIramAM ApelI temAMthI sAraMgajIne mAMDavIno po kADhI Apelo. tyAra pachI zahAjIe gAriyAdhAra jItI laI tyAM rAjadhAnI karI hatI. zAhajI pachI kumAra sarajanajI, enA pachI arjunajI, enA pachI teMghaNajI, enA pachI bhArAjI, enA pachI bane, pachI zivajI hADojI ane kAMdhAjI 1 lo, pachI nAMghaNajI ra ja sattA upara anukrame AvelA. noMdhaNajIne kheraDInA lomA khumANa sAthe jhaghaDo thatAM mAe gAriyAdhAra laI lIdheluM, paNa zihoranA akherAjajInI madadathI pAchuM hastagata karyuM. badalAmAM lemAne noMghaNajIe rANIgAma (tA. gAriyAdhAra) ApI samAdhAna kareluM. A noMdhaNajI ra aa pachI arjuna ra je, kAMdhAjI ra che ane zo ra je anukrame sattA para AvelA. zavajana kAThIo sAthe thayelI athaDAmaNamAM parAjaya maLyo ane eNe jAna gumAvyo. enA pachI saratAnajI, kAMdhejI 3 je, pRthvIrAjajI, ne ghaNajI 3 ja ane saratAnajI ra je anukrame sattA upara AvyA. (4) rAjapIpaLAnA gRhilo gohilavADanA gRhilanI 1 lI zAkhA vize A pUrvenA graMtha 5mAM (pra. 177mAM) jaNAvyA pramANe mokhaDAjIne nAne kumAra semarasiMgajI rAjapIpaLA cAlyo gayo ane tyAM pitAnI mAtAnA pitAnI gAdIe beTho. eNe "amarasiMhajI" nAma dhAraNa karI rAjapIpaLA(tA. nAMdoda)nI gAdI saMbhALI tyAM gUhitI judI zAkhA zarU karelI. enA maraNe ene nAno kumAra bhANasiMhajI, enA pachI eno kumAra gemalasiMhajI sattA upara Avele. enA samayamAM gujarAtanA sulatAna ahamadazAhe caDAI laI jaI rAjapIpaLA hastagata karI lIdhuM (I. sa. 1413). e pachI thoDA ja samayamAM (I.sa. 1421mAM) gemalasiMhajInuM avasAna thatAM ene nAne kumAra vijayapAla vArasa thayo. teNe rAjapIpaLAnuM rAjya pharI hastagata karyuM. enA pachI ene kumAra harisiMha sattA para Avyo. paNa ahamadazAha pharI caDI AvatAM ene rAjapIpaLA choDI devuM paDayuM. eNe bAra varSa bahAravaTuM kheDavyA pachI I.sa. 1443mAM pharI sattA hAMsala karI. enA

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138). mughala kAla pachI anukrame pRthurAja dIpa karaNa arAja sujanasiMha ane bhairavasiMha. eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA. cittoDane rANA udayasiMha ApattimAM Avyo tyAre kauravasiMhane Azraye AvI rahyo hato. I.sa. 1543 thI 1583. sudhI rAjapIpaLAnA rAjavIoe svataMtra rIte rAjya karyuM hatuM. bhairavasiMhajInA avasAne eno putra pRthurAja sattA upara Avyo. I.sa. 1573 mAM akabare, gujarAta hastagata karyuM tyAre rAjapIpaLAnA rAjavIne kAbUmAM rAkhavA tyAM mughala thANuM besADavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. A arasAmAM I.sa. 1583 thI 1593 sudhInAM 10 varSa puthurAjane traNa vAra jaMgalamAM Azraya levAnuM thayuM hatuM. pRthurAjanA maraNa pachI dIpasiMha durga zAha mahArAja rAyasAla caMdrasena gaMbhIrasiMha surAja jayasiMha mUlarAja suramAla udekaraNa caMdrabhA chatrasAla ane verIsAla anukrame sattA para AvyA. I.sa. 1705mAM gujarAtanA dakSiNa bhAga para marAThAoe savArI karI pradezane ujajaDa karavAno AraMbha karyo tyAre emane. dabAvavA oraMgajhebe najaraalI vagere saradArone mokalyA hatA. A saradArone verIsAlanI sahAya kaze kAma AvI jaNAtI nathI. I. sa. 1715 mAM enA avasAne ene meTo kumAra jitasiMha sattA upara Avyo teNe takano lAbha laI nAMdedana paragaNuM svata tra rIte kabaje karI lIdhuM ne mughala thANAne uThADI mUkyuM. A samaye (I.sa. 1730mAM) jitasiMha rAjapIpaLA(jUnArAja)mAMthI gAdI khaseDI nAMdoda( hAlanuM rAjapIpaLA mAM sthApI. enuM I.sa. 1754mAM avasAna thatAM ene bIjo putra pratApasiMha sattA upara Avyo.45 6. okhAmaMDaLane vADhera vaMza Azare 13 mI sadImAM bhAravADamAMthI verAvaLajI ane vIjalajI nAmanA. rAThoDa rAjapUta bhAIo dvArakAmAM AvI caDyA hatA. e pradezamAM herela rAjapUta ane cAvaDA rAjapUto vacce vigraha cAlu hatA. e vigrahane aMte rAThoDa phAvyA ane A pradezamAMthI cAvaDAonuM nikaMdana kADhI, AsapAsano pradeza tAbe karI emaNe eka nAnI paNa prabaLa sattAnI sthApanA karI. have e rAThoDee "vAra ke 'vATela" evI aTaka zarU karI. verAvaLajIe have AgaLa vadhI kacchanA nAnA raNa najIkanI vedamatI nadI sudhIno pradeza paNa hAtha karI lIdhuM. eNe potAnI rAjadhAnI dvArakAnI uttare akhAtanA kAMThe AraMbhaDA gAmanI navI vasAhata karI tyAM khaseDI lIdhI. enA avasAne ene putra vikamasI sattA upara Avelo. A vikamasInI pachI nava rANa thayA ne emaNe badhAM maLI 120 varSa rAjya kIdhuM. vimasInI 11 mI peDhIe sAMgaNa thayo teNe pitAnuM rAjya jAmakhaMbhALiyA sudhI vadhAryuM

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAje [139 hatuM. e saurASTranA pazcima kAMThe cAMciyAgIrI calAvato tethI rA' mAMDalika 3 ja. e beTa-zaMkhodvAranA rAjavI sAMgaNanA pradeza para caDAI karI jene harAvelo te A. sAMgaNa (graMtha 5, pR. 163). ene mANeka avaTaMkanA vAghera sAthe athaDAmaNa thayA karatI, tethI eNe okhAmaMDaLa upara vADherAnI sattA ane dvArakA para vAgheronI sattA rahe evI saMdhi karI. vaLI baMnee mitrAcArIthI rahevuM ke jethI bahAranA zatru AvI beuno vinAza na karI zake ema paNa samajUtI thaI tyArathI A. baMne jAti saMpIne rahe lAgI. sAMgaNa pachI ene kumAra bhImajI sattA. upara Avele. bhImajInA samayamAM dvArakAnA dariyA viratAramAM thatI cAMciyAgIrIne dAbavA mahamUda begaDe caDI Avela ane bhImajIne nasADI samagra pradeza upara muslima sattAnI ANa vartAvelI, paNa pachI pAchaLathI vADherAe prabaLa sainya ekaThuM karI samagra pradeza hastagata karI lIdho hato.44 Azare I.sa. 1592 mAM akabaranI bhIMsathI mujhaphaphara nAsIpAsa thaIne AraMbhaDAnA vADhera rANA ziva(savajI)ne Azare Avelo tyAre caDI AvelI mughala sattAnI sAthenA yuddhamAM ziva rANAe prANu khoyelA. pariNAme okhAmaMDaLane. pradeza pharI murilama sattA nIce (e samaye mughala sattA nIce) AvI gayo. A. vakhate ziva rANA kumAra sAMgaNa siMdha tarapha bhAgI chUTayo, paraMtu mala. nAmanA mANeke muslima zAsakone kAyara kAyara karI nAkhyA. sAMgaNajIne siMdhamAM khoLavA gayele sAmaLo mANeka sAMgaNujIne laI pAcho Avyo tyAre thayelA bhAre yuddhamAM muslima sainya hArI gayuM ne sAMgaNajIne AraMbhaDAnI gAdI upara abhiSeka karavAmAM Avyo. sAMgaNa pachI akherAjajI sattA para Avyo. e hajI kumAra hato tyAre enA banevI navAnagaranA jAme ene keda karI lIdhele, paNa dvArakAnA rANuM mANekanA putra patarAmale vAgheronI phoja laI jaI ene choDAvyo hato. akherAjajI I.sa. 1664 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ene putra bhojarAjajI gAdIe beTho. enA. pATavI kumAra vajerAjajIne bAkInA cha bhAIo sAthe aNabanAva thatAM bhojarAjajIe ene pozItarAnI jAgIra vaMzaparaMparA ApI tyAMne vahIvaTa soMpI dIdho. I.sa. 1715 ane 1718 nA gALAmAM AraMbhaDA ane pozItarAnA vADhera saradAroe dvArakAvALA vAgheronI madadathI saurASTramAM keTaleka sthaLe dhADa pADI hatI. tyAre navAnagara gAMDaLa ane porabaMdaranI phojee caDI AvI emane bhIMsamAM lIdhelA. A prasaMge navAnagarano je pradeza agAu vAgheroe bathAvI pADela te emaNe. jato karavo paDayone e khAmaMDaLanA pradezamAM ja emanI sattA maryAdita banI gaI.

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140 ] mughala kAle (pra. vajerAjajIne pozItarAnI jAgIra apAtAM AraMbhaDAnA Ama be bhAga thayAM to vAgheranA paNa dvArakA ane vasaInA be bhAga paDyA. A cAre potapotAne rAjA kahevaDAvatA hatA, Ama chatAM bahAranA zatruo sAthe e ekarUpa hatA. 7. jasadaNane pAthara-kAThI vaMza khAcara vaMzane sagaDa meLavatAM pUrva puruSa tarIke vika khAcara jANavAmAM Ave che, jeNe I.sa. 16 65 mAM jasA khumANa nAmanA kAThInI sattAmAMthI jasadaNa jhUMTavI laI tyAM potAnI sattA sthApI. A vIkAnA pitAnuM nAma mANasiye ane dAdAnuM nAma lakho jANavAmAM Avela che, tethI enA vaMzajo "lakhANuM" zAkhAnA kahevAya che. nIka khAcara I.sa. 1685 mAM avasAna pAmatAM ene bIjo putra mANasiyo jasadaNanI gAdIe Avyo. e khumANa zAkhAnA kAThI leke sAthenA eka yuddhamAM mAryo jatAM ene oramAna bhAI cale gAdIe Avyo. e maraNa pAmatAM ene putra Dhei ane enA pachI vAjasUra gAdIe Avyo. gAdIe Avyo tyAre sagIra e hAI eno kAko jeThasUra vAlI tarIke rAjya karatA hatA. jeThasUranA avasAne vAjasUre sattA hAtha dharI ane e rAjya karavA lAgo (I.sa. 1788 pahelAM).58 8. IDaranA rAThoDa vaMza (1) jUne rAThoDa vaMza rAva nArAyaNadAsa I.sa. 1573 mAM sthapAyelI mughalAImAM mughalAIne e tAbedAra jamInadAra tarIke cAlu te rahyo, pachIthI eNe e tAbedArI phagAvI daI baMDa karyuM. kulIjhakhAna vagere adhikArIoe DuMgaramALAmAM eno pIcho karyo ane chevaTe rAvane harAvyo, ne IDara mughalAI sattA nIce sIdhuM AvI paDayuM (I.sa. 1576). Akhare kaMTALI rAva potAnA putra vIramadevane laI dilhI paheo ane akabarane namI paDyo,48a akabare IDaranI sattA nArAyaNadAsane parata karI (I.sa. 1578). rAva vIramadeva nArAyaNadAsa I.sa. 1579mAM avasAna pAmatAM ene zuravIra putra vIramadeva IDaranI gAdIe AvyuM. paDozI DuMgarapura rAjyanA rAvaLa taraphathI thayelA kaI apamAnanA kAraNe vIramadeve DuMgarapura lUMTayuM hatuM. eNe hAthamatInA kAMThe Avela -ahamadanagara(AjanA hiMmatanagara)ne kirlo sara karavA enA upara hallo karI

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pa mu'] samakAlIna rAjya [ 141. tyAMnA mughala lazkarane bhagADayuM te tyAM peAtAnuM thANuM khesADayuM. pethApuranA vAghelA ThAkAra A vakhate vIramadeva pAse hatA tethI nAtA mudhala lazkare pethApuramAM AvI lU TATa karI, enI mAhitI maLatAM pethApuranA ThAkAranI vina'tIthI vIramadeve pethApura AvI mughalA pAsethI eneA kabajo laI vAdhelA ThAkArane soMpyA. vIramadeva sAme gujarAtanA sUbedAre eka phoja meAkalI, AthI vIramadeva iDara cheADI peALA cANyA gayA. chevaTe eNe muleAnI adhInatA svIkArI ane IDaranA kabajo punaH prApta karyAM. enuM dagAthI avasAna thayuM hovAnuM manAya che. A rAjA vize aneka kathAo pracalita thaI che. enI pAchaLa enI pAMca rANIe satI thaI dAvAnI anuzruti che. rAva kalyANamala vIramadevanA avasAne (I.sa. 1597) ene saMtAna na heAvAthI bhenA nAmeA bhAI kalyANamala IDaranI gAdIe AbyA. zarUAtamAMnI gheADI avyavasthAnA lAbhaH laI udepuranA rANAe sarahadanA keTalAka pradeza kabaje karI lIdhelA te badhA pradeza kalyANamale pharI hastagata karI iDarane majabUta karavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. enA jIvana daramyAna paDeAzanA garAsadArA sAthe vAraMvAra athaDAmaNa thayA karatI. ene 47 varSonA rAjyakAla azAMtimAM ja gayeA hateA. rAva jaganAtha I.sa. 1644 mAM rAva kalyANamalanuM avasAna cAM ane putra jagannAtha IDaranI gAdIe AvyeA. enA samayamAM paNa gujarAtanA sUbedAra iDara upara caDI AvyeA, jene kAraNe rAva kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe peALA cAhyuM| gayeA. rAva cAritryanA sArA nahAtA eTale enA cAlyA javAthI prajAe paNa rAhatanA dama. khecyuMA hatA. peALAmAM jagannAtha bImArImAM sapaDAyA ane I.sa. 1975 mAM avasAna pAmyA. rAva pUjA 3 jo pitAnA avasAne rAva pUjo dilhImAM paheAMce ane tyAM bAdazAhanI tAkarI karavA mAMDI. eNe bAdazAhanI sArI kRpA meLavI, bAdazAhe jyAre ene IDara ApavAnI icchA karI tyAre jayapuranA rAjavIe jUnA verane kAraNe emAM vighna nAkhyuM te pUjAne bAdazAha tArA para gusse thayA che evu kahI ene lhiIthI nasADI mUkajo. tyAMthI e udepura gayA ane rANAne madadathI eNe iDara para caDI AvI mughala phojadAra pAsethI I.sa. 1685 mAM iDarane banne karI lIdheA. thADA samaya pachI enA nAnA bhAI ajunadAse jhera ApI dagAthI eneA dhAta karyAM.

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142] mughala kAla [ rAva ajunadAsa have IDaranA rAva tarIke arjunadAse sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo. enA samayamAM IDaramAMthI hArIne nAsI gayelA phojadAre pharIthI maTI pheja sAthe IDara upara ciDAI karI ane rAvane gAdIethI uThADI mUkI IDarane saMpUrNa kabaje karI lIdhA. rAve nAsI dhAdanI nALamAM jaI bharAye. ahIM eNe devaliyA pratApagaDhanA, vAMsavADAnA, luNAvADAnA ane DuMgarapuranA rAjakumAronI madada mAgatAM teoe raNAsaNa(tA. iDara)ne kabaje karI tyAMthI IDara temaja amadAvAdanAM paragaNuM lUMTavAnI salAha ApI. e cAre kumAro sAthe rAva raNAsaNa upara caDAI laI gayA, jyAM thayelA yuddhamAM e pAMce mAryA gayA (I.sa. 1659). rAva gepInAtha rAva arjunadAsanA avasAne rAva jagannAthane bhAI gopInAtha mughala sattA sAme bahAravaTe nIkaLyo ane IDara temaja amadAvAdanAM paragaNuM lUMTavA lAgyo. IDaranA hAkema saiyada hAthAe enI jivAInI vyavasthA karI ApatA rauyadanA sattA-kAlamAM e zAMta rahyo. saiyada hAthAne sthAne kamAlakhAna nAmane phojadAra IDaramAM sattA para Avyo tyAre gopInAthe pahelAMnI jema lUMTaphATa jArI karI. kamAlakhAna kamajora ane kama-ala AdamI hato ane kAmakAjamAM bahu ochuM dhyAna Apato ene kAraNe paDozI jAgIradAro IDaranAM pitapotAne lagatAM gAma kabaje karavAmAM paDyA. A takane lAbha laI gopInAtha sArI evI pheja ekaThI karI IDara upara caDI Avyo ane kamAlakhAnane hAMkI kADhI IDaranI gAdI potAne kabaje karI AsapAsane moTA bhAgane pradeza pitAnI sattA nIce laI lIdho. riNAsaNanA ThAkarane ene bhaya hovAthI eNe amadAvAda jaI bAdazAhI phejane IDara upara hallo karavA mAgaNI karI, AthI sUbedAra muhammada amInakhAne muhammada bahalela zeravAnIne mATI pheja sAthe IDara mokalyo. pheja AvI lAgatAM yuddha te ApyuM, paNa TakI zakAya ema nahi lAgatAM rAva DuMgara paranA gaDhamAM Azraya karI rahyo. ahIM dago thatAM e rANIone killAmAM rAkhI pachavADenA bhAgamAMthI nIkaLI gaye. killAmAM rAvane nahi jotAM enI baMne rANuoe phATA taLAvamAM AmatyAga karyo. jaMgalamAM rAva aphINanI bUrI latane laIne maraNa pAmyo (I.sa. 1679).8a ene karaNasiMha nAme kumAra hatA, paNa eNe IDaranuM rAjya meLavavA kaze prayatna karyo nahi. e pitAnA jIvanaparyata sarahadanA zaravANa gAmamAM ja rahyo.

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5 muM]. samakAlIna rA . [143 rAva caMdrasiMha karaNasiMhane moTo kumAra caMdrasiMha saravANamAM ja raheto hato. eNe mevADamAMnA pitAnA saMbaMdhIonI madada meLavI IDarane kabaje levAnA viSayamAM bahAravaTAno Azraya lIdho. enI pajavaNIthI IDaranA sthAnika vahIvaTadAro kaMTALyA ane chevaTe caMdrasiMhane gAdIe besADavA kabUla thayA. emaNe bAdazAhI phejadArane hAMkI kADhI caMdrasiMhane I.sa. 1718mAM IDaranI gAdIe besADyo. enAmAM rAjya calAvavAnI kAbeliyata nahotI tethI paDezanA jAgIradAra ThAro eka pachI eka najIkanAM gAma dabAvavA lAgyA hatA. rAva caMdrasiMha kaMTALI gayele eTale moko jaI potAnA sasarA, poLonA paDhiyAra, ThAkorane tyAM gayo ane dagAthI sasarAne mArI paLonI gAdI hastagata karI (I.sa. 1727). IDaramAM UthalapAthala rAva caMdrasiMha IDara choDI cAlyo jatAM IDarano kArabhAra keI saradArasiMha nAmane saradAra calAvato hato. thoDA samaya pachI sthAnika saradAro ane desAIone potAnA pakSamAM laI e IDaranI gAdIe beTho ane svataMtrapaNe kArabhAra karavA lAgyo. enA pradhAna, enA eka bhAyAta sAmaLAjInI madadathI gayelAM gAma ThAkaro pAsethI pAchAM meLavI IDarane majabUta karavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. eNe koI kAraNe zaMkA jatAM sAmaLAjIne dUra karyo ane vaDodarAnA eka baLo paMDitane bolAvI ene pradhAnapaduM ApyuM, paNa A cha paMDita kAvatarAbAja nIvaDyo ane kasbAtIo ane saradArasiMha vacce aNabanAva karAvavAmAM saphaLa thayA. eNe kaAtIone dabAvavA prayatna karatAM karabAtIoe saradArasiMhane mArI nAkhavA nizcaya karyo. AnI jANa thatAM be varSanA amala pachI Darano mAryo saradArasiMha valAsaNa nAsI gayo. A takane lAbha laI, baracha paMDita amadAvAdamAMnA mughala subedArane bhAre najarANuM ApI IDarane kArobAra pitAnA nAmathI calAvavA lAgyo (I.sa. 1729). (2) na rATheDa vaMza rAva ANaMdasiMhajI bo paMDitane kAtIo salAhakAraka thaI paDayA. vaDAlInA metIcaMda zAha ane raNAsaNanA ThAkara adesiMhajI pradhAnapade e baMne sthAnika desAIone rAjyakArebAramAMthI paga kADhI nAkhavA kAvatarAM karavA lAgyA. evAmAM jodhapuranA mahArAjA ajitasiMhano putra ANaMdasiMha gRhakaMkAsane laI pozInAnI nALamAM Avyo hato tene desAIe maLI jatAM e IDara para caDI Avyo ane bo

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144] mughala kAla paMDitane hAMkI kADhI I.sa. 1730-31 nA arasAmAM IDaranI gAdIe "rAva" tarIke beTho. Ama rADeDa pharIthI IDaranA sattAdhIza banyA. IDara pradezane paho mahArAjA ajitasiMhanA khUna pachI jodhapuranI gAdIe AvelA abhayasiMhane bAdazAha taraphathI maLyo hato te eNe nAnA bhAI ANaMdasiMhajInA lAbhamAM karI Apo eTale ANaMdasiMhajIne IDaramAMthI dUra karavAnI paristhiti rahI nahatI. desAIone paNa e kAraNe svIkAra karI levAmAM khUba anukULatA thaI paDI. * A arasAmAM amadAvAdamAM navA nimAyelA mughala sUbedAra jodhapuranA mahArAjA abhayasiMhe IDaranI sattA sthira karavAmAM ANaMdasiMhajIne sArI sahAya karI. abhayasiMha amadAvAdamAM sUbedAra hato tyAMsudhI ANaMdasiMhajIne kaI khaMDaNI ApavI paDI hatI. eNe IDara ahamadanagara moDAsA bAyaDa harasela prAMtIja ane vijApura e sAta mahAlethI samRddha rAjya sthira karavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI hatI. keTalAka samaya pachI IramAM jodhapuranA sainika hatA temane rAve jodhapura javA rajA ApI ane kabAtI sipAIone pagArathI rokyA. rAjyanI Arthika sthiti nabaLI hatI tethI pagAra cUkavI zakAtA nahatA. kabAtIoe e mATe kaI gAma lUMTavAnI paravAnagI mAgI. nAIlAje rAve rahevara rAjapUtonuM dezotara gAma lUMTavA rajA ApI. ema thatAM rahevaro rAvathI risAIne judA paDyA. pariNAme rAjya ane rahevo vacce ghamasANa jAgyuM. rahevare IDara para caDI AvyA. killAmAM salAmatI na jaLavAtAM rAva ANaMdasiMhajI bhAgI chUTayA. mArgamAM gheDo maraNa pAmatAM e rahevaronA sakaMjAmAM acAnaka AvI gayA ne mAryA gayA (I.sa. 1739). rahevae IDarane kabaje karI lIdhuM. A vakhate rAvano bhAI rAyasiMhajI berasadamAM hato. samAcAra maLatAM e IDaranA pradezamAM Avyo ane jude jude sthaLe mukAma karatAM karatAM IDara levAnA prayatnamAM paDyo. keTalAya ThAkora ane bhIle tema marAThAonI sArI evI pheja ekaThI karI eNe IDara para hallo karI kile kabaje lIdho. rahevara nAsI paLe jatA rahyA. zivajIsiMha IDarane kabaje karyA bAda rAva ANaMdasiMhajInA cha varSanA bALakumAra, zivajIsiMhane IDaranI gAdIe besADI rAyasiMhajI IDara pradezane kArabhAra karavA lAgyo (I.sa. 1740). rAyasiMhajIe paheluM kAma karyuM te rahevAnuM raNAsaNa kabaje karyAnuM. e gAma pAMca varSa sudhI IDarane kabaje rahyuM hatuM. daramyAna rahevA bahAravaTe caDelA tethI aMte samAdhAna karI, dezetara vagere 12 gAma IDara nIce

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pasu'] samakAlIna rAjya [45 rAkhI bAkInAM 12 gAma rahevAne ApyAM te jhaghaDA zAMta karyAM. pharI rahevarAe mAthuM UMcakeluM, paNa mahArAjA abhayasiMha bIjI vAra amadAvAdamAM subedAra tarIke AvI rahelA eTale emaNe rahevAnA baLavA dabAvI dIdhA. theADA samaya pachI zivasiMhajIne IDaramAM mUkI kAkA rAyasiMhu meADAsA gayA te tyAM killA karI tyAM ja rahevAnuM rAkhyuM. I.sa. 1746 mAM pUnAthI AvelI marAThA phoja khaMDaNI mATe meADAsA upara caDI AvI, paNa rAsi huM tA khaMDaNI ApavAnA inkAra karatAM mAmalA taMga thayA. mADAsAne kille paDayo ane rAyasiMha navA vasAvelA rAyagaDhamAM thaI IDara cANyA Avye|. uparanA jaMgamAM rAyasihajInA sAthIdAra caMpAvata jIvaNadAsa ane enA bhAi pratApasi hu dhAyala thayA hatA. pratApasi hane rAyasiMha samajI, pAlakhImAM nAkhI, keda karI marAThA amadAvAda laI gayelA, ane jAherAta karI ke daMDanA 80,000 rUpiyA ApavAmAM Ave tA heADavAmAM Avaze. rAyasi Mhe game te rIte 80,000 rUpiyA ekaThA karI pratApasiMhane kheADAvavA pe|Tha ravAnA karI, paNa tyAM te yuktithI pratApasiMha kedamAMthI chaTakaLyo te pethApura AvatAM tyAM peATha sAme maLI. ene pAchI vALI pratApasiMha IDara AvyeA ne rAyasiMhane maLyA. IDaranuM rAjya jamAvavAmAM je rAjapUta saradArAe ANuMdasi MhajInA samayathI sahAya karI hatI te badhAne gAmagarAsa ApIne saMtuSTa karI zivasiMhajIe peAtAnuM sAruM' evu` baLa jamAvavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. I.sa. 1755 mAM amadAvAdanI mughala rAjyasattAne nAkhUda karavA pezavA ane gAyakavADanI phAja amadAvAda upara caDI AvI tyAre pezavAnA senApati rAdheAkhAe IDaranI madada mAgatAM zivasiMha madade gayelA.49 9. khIthI cauhANa vaMza (1) eTAudepuranA khIcI cauhANa cAMpAneranA khIcI cauhANu jayasiMha urphe patAI rAvaLanA I.sa. 1485 mAM uccheda thayA ane mahamUda begaDAe e rAjya peAtAnA rAjyamAM sahze bheLavI dIdhuM tyAre jayasiMhanA bIjA putra pRthvIrAje namadA-kinArAnA meAhana nAmanA sthaLamAM paheAMcI tyAM nAnuM rAjya sthApyuM, je bhaviSyamAM cheTAudepuranA rAjya tarIke vikasyuM. pRthurAja pachI karaNasiMha vajesiMha gumAnasiMha rAyasiMha tejasiMha ane jasavaMtasiMha rAjA thayA. A chelle jasavaMtasiMha e bAjI rAvaLa' hAvAnI 4-6-10

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14] mughala kAla mi . zakyatA che. I.sa.nA 14mA saikAmAM thayelA bALa rAvaLe mehanathI badalI cheTAudepuramAM gAdI sthApI. enA samayamAM mughala sattAnI paDatI ane marAThAonI sattAne udaya zarU thayo, jemAM cheTAudepuranA rAjayano keTaloka bhAga marAThAoe dabAvI lIdho hato.* (2) bAriyAnA khIcI cauhANa cAMpAneranA khIcI cauhANa jayasiMha urphe patAI rAvaLane I.sa. 1485 mAM uccheda thaye ane mahamUda begaDAe e rAjya potAnA rAjyamAM sarvaze meLavI dIdhuM tyAre jayasiMhane nAne putra DuMgarasI devagaDhabAriyAmAM jaI vasyA ane tyAM eNe paNa nAnuM rAjya sthApyuM. rAvaLa DuMgUrasInA maraNa pachI udayasiMha rAyasiMha vajesiMha ane mAnasiMha eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA. Isa. 1720mAM mAnasiMhanuM avasAna thatAM eka baluca saradAre rAjya kabaje karI lIdheluM tyAre vidhavA rANI kumAra pRthurAjane laI DuMgarapuranA rAvaLane tyAM Azare jaI rahI. I.sa. 1736 mAM DuMgarapuranA rAvaLanI madadathI rANIe pelA saradAra pAsethI rAjyano kabajo laI ene tyAMthI hAMkI kADho. e pachI udAjI pavAra, mahArarAva hekara vagerenI saradArI nIce marAThA bAriyAnA pradezamAM AvyA tyAre pRthurAja pAse khaMDaNI nahi letAM ene bAriyAnA rAjA tarIke kabUla rAkhyo. pRthurAjanA avasAne eno moTo kumAra rAyadhara sattA upara Avyo. enA avasAne ene putra gaMbhIrasiMha sattA upara Avyo.51 (3) mAMDavAnA khIcI cauhANa vaDodarA jillAmAM DabhoIthI uttare AveluM mAMDavAnuM rajavADuM paNuM jUnuM che. khIcI cauhANee cAMpAnera sudhI AvI tyAM rAjagAdI sthApI tyAre pAlAnadevanI sAthe eno bhAI pratApasiMha paNa mAravADamAMthI Avyo hato. A ja pratApasiMha kAravaNamAM jaI 300 gAmanuM rAjya sthApyuM. enA vaMzamAM thayelA nAhArasiMhajI upara mahamUda begaDAe caDAI karelI tethI e nAsI naMderiyA cAlyA gayA. tyAMnA rAjavInI kuMvarI sAthe lagna thayuM ane ene tyAMnuM rAjya maLyuM. enA avasAne enA pachI AvelA enA kumAra mAlasiMhajIe naMderiyAthI cANodamAM rAjadhAnI badalI. enA vaMzamAM thayelA vAghasiMhajIe tyAMthI badalAvI jUnA mAMDavAmAM rAjadhAnI karI. enA vaMzamAM thayelA kAnajIne pATavI kumAra vAghajI sattA upara Avyo tyAre I.sa. 1668 mAM jUnA mAMDavA choDI hAla jyAM mAMDavA gAma che tyAM rAjadhAnI badalAvI. vAdhajI pachI rANe saMgarAmasiMha

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAjya [17 kAnajI vAgha khumAnasiMha jitasiMha ane bhImasiMha sattA upara eka pachI eka eka AvyA.52 10. solaMkI vaMza (1) luNAvADAnA solakI pATaNanA mULarAja solaMkInA vaMzamAM dhavaladeva nAme thayela eka rAjavIe I.sa. 1104 mAM dhoLakAmAM ane pachI I.sa. 1134 mAM cuMvALamAM AvelA kAlarIgaDhamAM sattA sthApI. ene prapautra vIrabhadra e sthAna cheDI vIrapura (vADAsinora rAjyamAM) AvyA ane tyAMnA ThAkora vIrA bAriyAne vinAza karI I.sa. 1225 mAM tyAM gAdI rathApI. tyAM vIrabhadra pachI kIka mAnasa ha mAhAvasiMha gamasiMha pRthIpAlakasiMha vikramasiMha ane vilasiMha eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA. A chellA viThThalasiMhe vIrapurathI luNAvADAnI najIkamAM AvelA DIDiyA gAmamAM gAdI khaseDI. enA vaMzamAM thayelA bhImasiMhe I.sa. 1434 mAM tyAMthI khasI luNAvADAmAM gAdI sthApI. enA pachI gaMgadAsa ude rAghavarAsiMha (vAghasiMha) ane mAlA rANo (I.sa. 1575 mAM hayAta) thayA. enA pachI AvelA vanavArajIne I.sa. 1594 mAM dehAMta thatAM enI pachI akherAja sattA para Avyo. enA avasAne kuMbha rANe sattA upara Avyo. I.sa. 17 mA saikAnA AraMbhamAM e hato. enA pachI gAdIe Avela jita'siMha I.sa. 1618 mAM avasAna pAmyo ane enA pachI trikasiMha ane dayAladAsa AvyA, je chellAnuM avasAna Isa. 1637 mAM thatAM caMdrasiMha sattA para Avyo. enuM I.sa. 1674 mAM avasAna thatAM kuMvarasiMha ane enA I.sa. 1711 mAM thayelA avasAnane lIdhe nAhArasiMha sattA upara Avyo, jeNe I.sa. 1718 mAM luNAvADAnA killAno pAyo nAkhela. enA samayamAM haidara kulIkhAne caDAI karI enI pAsethI phojabaMdI tarIke moTI rakama lIdhI hatI. enA I.sa. 1735 mAM thayelA avasAne enA moTA kumAra jitasiMhanA putra vakhatasiMha gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM amadAvAdanA mughala sUbedAre caDAI karI daMDa vasUla karyo hato. I.sa. 1757 mAM vakhatasiMhanuM avasAna thatAM moTo kumAra dIpasiMha sattA para AvyA.54 (2) vAMsadAnA selaMkI kAlarIgaDhamAM rAjya karatA dhavaladeva solaMkInA vaMzamAMnA keI mUladeve Isa. nA 15 mA saikAnA aMtabhAgamAM vAMsadA(ji. valasADa)mAM solaMkI sattAnI sthApanA karI. enA pachI naMdaladeva baladeva karaNadeva udayasiMha melakaraNa ane

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148] mughala kAla , pri. udayasiMha 2 je, eka pachI eka sattA upara AvyA. chellA udayasiMha ra jAnA I.sa. 1701mAM thayelA avasAne ene kumAra vIrasiMha ane I.sa. 1716 mAM thayelA enA avasAne kumAra rAyabhANa sattA upara AvyuM. enA be kumAragulAbasiMha ane jorAvarasiMhe gAdI mATe dAmAjI gAyakavADa pAse davA dAkhala karyA. dAmAjIe rAjyanA be TukaDA karI ApI vAMsadAnI sattA gulAbasiMhane ane bisanapuranI sattA alaga karI jorAvarasiMhane ApI. I.sa. 1762 thI gAyakavADanI sattAmAM AvI jatAM bIjI zAkhA baMdha thaI. I.sa. 1753 mAM gulAbasiMhanuM avasAna thatAM, e aputra heI, enA pitarAI bhAI udayasiMhane kArabhArIe abhiSeka karI gAdIe besADavo, AthI jorAvarasiMhe pezavA samakSa dAvo dAkhala karyo tyAre pezavAe vAMsadAmAMthI pAMca gAma apAvI patAvaTa karI ApI.55 11, dharamapuranA sisodiyA I.sa. 1262 mAM sisodiyA rANAnA eka vaMzaja rAma rAjAe dakSiNa gujarAtamAM potAnI sattA, tyAMnA sthAnika therAta vaMzanA bhIla rAjavIne bhArI, rAmanagara vasAvI sthApI. I.sa. 1295 mAM enuM avasAna thatAM soma sattA upara Avyo, jenA I.sa. 1335 mAM thayelA avasAne puraMdara, enA I.sa. 1360mAM thayelA avasAne dharama, enA I.sa. 1391mAM thayelA avasAne gopu, enA avasAne I.sa. 1402 thI 1470 sudhI jagata, I.sa. 1500 sudhI nAraNa, I.sa. 151 sudhI dharama 2jo ane I.sa. 1566 sudhI jagata 3 -eka pachI eka gAdIdhAra banyA. enA upara sulatAna mujhaphaphara 3 jAnI itarAjI thayelI. AnA avasAne I.sa. 1566 mAM ene kumAra lakSmaNadeva sattA upara Avyo. I.sa. 1576mAM mughaloe lakSmaNadeva pAsethI khaMDaNI vasUla karI ene khaMDiye banAvyo. enA avasAne I.sa. 1600 mAM semadeva sattA upara Avyo. I.sa. 1609-10mAM ahamadanagaranA vajIra malika aMbare gujarAta para savArI karI vaDedarA-surata lUMTayAM tyAre gujarAtanA sUbedAra mIrajhA ajhIjha kekAnA putra ane nAyaba subedAra jahAMgIra kulIkhAne gujarAtanA rakSaNa mATe rAmanagaramAM ghoDesavArI lazkarI thANuM sthApyuM. somadevanA I.sa. 1635 mAM thayelA avasAne rAmadeva sattA upara Avyo, jeNe rAmanagaramAMthI gAdI badalI AsaratAmAM sthApI, paNa pachI I.sa. 1654 mAM phatepuramAM khaseDI lIdhI hatI. I.sa. 1664 mAM ane 1678 mAM zivAjIe surata lUTayuM tyAre A rAmadeve zivAjIne sArI sahAya karI hatI. enA I.sa. 1680 mAM thayelA avasAne zehadeva sattA para AvyuM, jenuM I.sa. 1771 mAM avasAna thatAM rAmadeva ra je rAjavI banyo. AnA samayamAM I.sa.

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5 muM]. samakAlIna rAje [149 177 mAM marAThAoe rAjayamAM praveza karI dakhala zarU karI. rAmadeva pAse nagarahavelI tAlukAnAM nagara ane phatepura tathA ene lagatAM dasa gAma rahevA daI bAkInAM botera gAma marAThAoe bathAvI lIdhAM ane jakAtamAM ce bhAga vasUla karavA lAgyA.57 12. pATaDInA kaNabI desAI pATaDInA desAIone jANavAmAM Avela pUrvapuruSa varasiMha mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM hato ane vIramagAmanA vAghelA ThAkare mAthuM UMcakatAM begaDAe ene viramagAma mokalyo hato, tyAM yuddhamAM vAghele ThAkora marAtAM begaDAe viramagAma paragaNuM varasiMhane bakSisa ApyuM. enA avasAna pachI kizoradAsa rAmadAsa gaMgAdAsa karasanadAsa malakejI samAja raNamalajI nAthajI ane veNIdAsa eka pachI eka sattA para AvyA. A veNIdAsane jahAMgIre "desAI ane hoddo ApI AsapAsanA pradezanI desAIgIrI soMpI hatI. veNIdAsa pachI makanadAsa mehatarI trIkamadAsa ane bhANajI anukrame sattAdhArI banyA. A bhANajIe dasADAnA ujaDa thayelA paragaNune AbAda karyuM e uparathI auraMgajhebe enI jAgIra uparAMta pAMca gAma vadhu AyAM. bhANajI pachI udekaraNa ane enA pachI bhAvasiMhajI thayo. amadAvAdanA sUbedAra sarabulaMdakhAne vIramagAma upara AkramaNa karI chatI lIdhuM, paNa pAchaLathI keLIonI madadathI bhAvasiMhajIe viramagAma haratagata karI lIdhuM. thoDA samaya pachI amadAvAdanA sUbedAre vIramagAmane ghero ghAlyo tyAre eNe dAmAjI gAyakavADanI madadathI mughala sainyane hAMkI kADhavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. pachI baMnenAM maLelAM sauoe pezvAI pratinidhi mAdhavarAva paMDitane harAvyo ane pezakazI ugharAvI. jhAlAvADanAM bIjAM yuddho pachI bhAvasiMhajIe vIramagAma paragaNuM dAmAjIne ApyuM ane pote vIsa gAmaDAM rAkhI pATaDImAM rAjadhAnI banAvI.58 13. bAbI vaMza (1) jUnAgaDhanA bAbI aphaghAnistAnanA mULa rahIza bAbI vaMzane koI AdilakhAna IrAnamAM Azare laI rahelA humAyUnI sAthe bhAratavarSamAM AvyuM tenA putra usmAnakhAnanA putra bahAdurakhAnane akabaranA samayamAM zirohInI jAgIra maLelI. A bahAdurakhAne zAhajahAMnA samayamAM zAhI darabAramAM UMcuM sthAna meLavyuM hatuM. A bahAdurakhAnano trIjo putra jApharakhAna vacalA putra mujhaphapharakhAnanA avasAne

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150 ] mughala kAla (pra. enI jagyAe pATaNa(u. gujarAta)nA nAyaba phojadAra-pade nimAyelo, I.sa. 1694 AsapAsa ene bAdazAhe "saphadarakhAnane IlkAba ane phojadAranuM pada ApyuM, paNa 1998 mAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra zujAtakhAna sAthe matabheda thatAM e mALavA cAlyo gayo. I.sa. 1703 mAM vIra durgAdAsa rAThoDe zAhI hakUmatane bhAre raMjADa pahoMcADI tyAre auraMgajhebe enI sAme saphadarakhAnane mokalele. enI kAmagIrI badala ene rAdhanapura samI muMjapura ane teravADAnI jAgIro maLI hatI. I.sa. 1705 mAM marAThA gujarAta para caDI AvyA ne saphadarakhAne saradAra najaraalI khAnanI madadamAM rahI laDayo tyAre hAra maLatAM marAThAone kedI bane. A vakhate enI sAthe AvelA enA putra salAbata muhammadakhAna ane zerakhAna nAsI chUTayA. pAchaLathI salAbatakhAne marAThA saradAra dhAnAjIne moTo daMDa bharI ApI pitAne mukta karAvyA. saphadarakhAna pharIthI pATaNa(u. gujarAta) phojadAra bane paNa I.sa. 1725 mAM avasAna pAme tyAre salAbatakhAnane vIramagAmanI phejadArI ane ghoghAnI jAgIra maLI. salAbata saurASTramAM AvatAM eNe navAnagara tema ja haLavadanA rAjavIo sAthe saMbaMdha vadhAryA. I.sa. 1728 mAM jUnAgaDhanA phojadAranI jagyA zerakhAnane ApavAmAM AvI, paNa dilhIthI e jagyA upara mokSuddInane mokalavAmAM AvatAM zerakhAnane nAyaba phojadAranA sthAne UtaravuM paDyuM. mehuddIne pote na AvatAM koI mIra IsmAIlane potA vatI phojadArI soMpI. teNe zerakhAnanA kAmakAjamAM dakhala karatAM zerakhAna rAjInAmuM ApI potAnI jAgIra ghoghAmAM cAlyo gayo, paNa e niSphaLa besI rahe tevo naheAte; eNe gujarAtanA sUbedAra-jodhapuranA mahArAjA abhayasiMhanI maherabAnI meLavI pharajadArane helpha pharI meLavavA prayatna karyo. abhayasiMhe ene bahAdurIne ikAba Apyo ane vaDodarAmAM sarabulaMdakhAna nAmane phojadAra hatA chatAM enA uparAMta zerakhAnane paNa e hade nImyA. bulaMdakhAne virodha karyo, paNa marAThAonA vadhatA jatA jerane khALavA makkama chAtInA zerakhAnanI jarUra ene samajAvI. zerakhAne sarabulaMdakhAna sAthe pUrA sahakArathI kAma karyuM tethI sarabulaMdakhAne ene "khAnane IlkAba Apyo, ane Ama zerakhAna have "bahAdurakhAna" bane. dilhInI DagamagatI pAdazAhImAM kaI sorAbakhAne soraThanI phojadArI meLavI ane zerakhAnanI ghoghAnI jAgIra paNa ene maLI. zerakhAnanA mANasone eNe hAMkI kADhyA. zerakhAna kAMI prayatna kare te pahelAM ja serAbakhAna ane mahArAja abhayasiMhanA nAyaba ratanasiMha bhaMDArI vacce vadhe paDatAM dhaMdhukA

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pakhu' ] samakAlIna rAjyA [15 pAse athaDAmaNa thaI ane seArAkhakhAna mAryA gayA. zerakhAna kheDA gayA te ratanasiMhe ene porabaMdaranI phojadArI ApI, paNa zerakhAna e na letAM vADAsinAra cAlyeA gaye. I sa. 1737 mAM abhayasi Mha nivRtta thatAM mAmInakhAna gujarAtanA sUbedAra banI AvyeA. samaya eLakhI laI, eNe potAnA virAdhI meAmInakhAna sAthe samAdhAna karI jUnAgaDhatI phAjArI svIkArI. zerakhAna zANA hAI eNe bharADA saradAra raMgAjI sAthe maitrI karI enI salAhathI jUnAgaDhanA nAyaba phojadAranA haiddo saMbhALI lIdhA. I sa. 1743 mAM meAmInakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM zerakhAne ra MgAIne pakSa sAdhI khaMbhAta paragaNAmAM mAmInakhAnanI jAgIranAM gAma lUMTI lIdhAM, marAThAonuM jora khALavA dilhIthI khudAuddIna ane muktauddIna nAmanA saradAre meTI senA sAthe AvyA. raMgAjIne mahArASTramAMthI kumaka na maLatAM zerakhAne vacce paDI samAdhAna karAvyu., evI rIte ke marAThA vIramagAma ane erasadanA kabajo cheADI de ane mughala senA amadAvAdamAM rahe. raMgejInI hatyA karavAnI mughala senApatiee cAlabAjI karI, paNa zerakhAnanI kunehathI rgeAjI acI gayA ane baMne vADAsineAra cAlyA gayA. A samaye AI javAMmadakhAna bAbIe banAvaTI pharamAna dvArA gujarAtanI bAgIrI bathAvI lIdhI eTale zerakhAne gAyakavADane khArasada laI levA salAha ApI. A thatAM javAMmarda khAne zerakhAnane ThapakA ApatAM zerakhAna jUnAgaDha javAne badale vADAsinera cAlyeA gayeA. A samaye jUnAgaDhamAM dilhIthI mIra derataalI ane himmataalI phAjadAra thaI AvyA, paNa te nabaLA ane aiyAzI hAI jUnAgaDhanuM taMtra khakhaDI paDayu. tethI jUnAgaDhanI prajAe ane desAIee dalapatirAma nAmanA nAgara mutsaddone vADAsinera zerakhAnane nimaMtrA melyA. A taka maLatAM zerakhAna potAnA sAthIdArAne laI jUnAgaDha AvI pahoMcyA ane I.sa. 1747 nA e varSamAM eNe jUnAgaDhanA pradezanI sarvIsattA kabaje karI lIdhI. jyAre khaMDerAva gAyakavADanI vidhavA umAbAInuM sainya khaMDaNI levA sAraTha AvyuM tyAre zerakhAne kiMmatI najarANuM ApI sainyane pAlluM vALyuM. e ja varSe kAnAjI tAkore nAmane| marAThA saradAra amadAvAdanA eka amIranI madada meLavI sera upara caDI AvyA, paNa zerakhAne--bahAdurakhAne harAvI ane pAchA kADhavo.

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[ , 15ra] mughala kAla cAre bAjuthI paristhiti sAnukULa thatAM have I.sa. 1748mAM dilhInI sattAe Apele "dIvAna heddo dhAraNa karI A bahAdurakhAne pAdazAhanA nAme svataMtra rAjya karavAno AraMbha karyo. Ama jUnAgaDhamAM bAbI vaMzanI sthApanA thaI. e catura navAbe potAnI samagra javAbadArI dalapatirAma nAgarane pI. A samaye vasaMtarAya nAmanA purabiyAe mAthuM UMcakaryuM ane uparakeTamAM caDI jaI bahAdurakhAnanI sattAne paDakAra karyo. dalapati rAmanuM e arasAmAM amadAvAda javAnuM thayuM ane rAjyanA havAle jagannAtha jhAlA nAmanA nAgara gRhastha pAse hato. e kAMI pagalAM bharavA jAya teTalAmAM te vasaMtarAye bahAdurakhAnane keda karI lIdho ane jUnAgaDhanI sattA hastagata karI lIdhI, paraMtu jagannAtha jhAlAnI yuktithI bahAdUrakhAna vasaMtarAyanI pakaDamAMthI chaTakI amadAvAda pahoMcyA ane dalapatirAmane kiMmatI bAjubaMdha vecavA ApI, enAM nANAMmAMthI prabaLa sainya UbhuM karavA sattA ApI. A bAju AvelI taka jhaDapI vasaMtarAya jUnAgaDhanA sImADAnAM dhorAjI supeDI pipaLiyA vagere gAmo kabaje karI gAMDaLanAM gAma dabAvavA maMDyo, AthI gaMDaLane ThAkora hAle saciMta banyo. daramyAna marAThA saradAra cuMbakarAva uddhava saurASTramAM pezakazI ugharAvavA Avyo ne gAMDaLa pAsethI meTI rakama vasUla ApavA tAkInuM kaheNa mokalyuM. enI sAme hAlejIe khokharI gAma AgaLa chAvaNI nAkhI tyAM dIvAna dalapatarAma jetapura pAsethI pasAra thato hato tenI pAse potAnA kArabhArIne mokalI saMdhi karI ke vasaMtarAyane jUnAgaDhathI khaseDavAnA kAmamAM geMDaLanI sahAya levI paDe to jUnAgaDha dhorAjInuM paragaNuM goMDaLane Ape ane vyaMbakarAvane gaMDaLamAMthI hAMkI kADhavAnA kAmamAM dalapatirAma madada Ape to phija ane dArUgoLAne kharca gaMDaLa pAsethI le nahi. vaLate divase dalapatirAma ane hAlejInAM sainyae bhaLI laMbakarAvanI senA upara hale karyo. caMbakarAva parAjaya pAmI, sAthIdArone gumAvI pAcho cAlyo gayo. dalapatirAme buddhi vAparI araba jamAdAra zekha jubaidIne enA 400 araba sAthe nekarImAM rAkhI lIdho ane jUnAgaDha para caDAI karI. vasaMtarAyane khasI javAnuM kahetAM e na khasyo, tethI zarata pramANe hAlejIne kaheNa mokalyuM. hAjI jUnAgaDha tarapha caDI Ave che e jANI vasaMtarAye sAMbalapura pAse chAvaNI nAkhI ne tyAM prabaLa yuddha thayuM temAM vasaMtarAyanuM sainya veravikhera thaI gayuM, vasaMtarAya jUnAgaDha tarapha nAsI Avyo. hAle che ane ene yuvarAja kuMbhojI jUnAgaDhamAM cheka ghUsI AvyA tethI vasaMtarAya bIlakhA tarapha nAsI gayo. hAle

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"5 muM] samakAlIna rAjaya (153 ane dalapatarAme kabajo meLavI pharI jUnAgaDha upara bahAdurakhAnanI ANa pravartAvI, paraMtu thoDA ja divasamAM vasaMtarAya pharIthI aNaziyA khAMTanA 8 thI 10 hajAra sainiko sAthe giranAra daravAjethI dAkhala thaI, lUMTa calAvI uparakoTa upara caDI jaI, daravAjA baMdha karI beTho. ATha mAsa sudhI cAlu rahelA gherAmAM puravaTho na pahoMcatAM vasaMtarAya uparakoTanA killAmAMthI nAsI chUTayo. bahAdurakhAna morabI sudhI Ave tyAMthI mAnasahita ene pharI jUnAgaDhamAM lAvavAmAM Avyo. - have bahAdurakhAne jUnAgaDhanI gAdIe besI, dilhInI mahamUdInuM calaNa baMdha karI, svataMtra sattA dhAraNa karI potAnA nAmanI cAMdInI kerIo pADI. A kerI bahAdurakhAna pote dilhInA dIvAna tarIke navAba banyA hoI dIvAnazAhI kerI tarIke jANItI thaI. - I.sa. 1750 mAM dIvAna dalapatarAmanuM avasAna thatAM jagannAtha jhAlA dIvAnapade AvyA. A samaye arabanA pagAra caDI jatAM teo uparakeTano kabaje karI beThelA, paNa jagannAthanI madadathI bahAdurakhAne uparakoTane ghere ghAlyo. arabane to pagAra ja joIto hato eTale hAlajInA putra kuMbhojIe vacce paDI pagAra cUkavI Apo ane dhorAjI gIra tarIke meLavyuM. I.sa. 1757mAM dilhInI sattAne sadaMtara phagAvI daI bahAdurakhAna jUnAgaDha-soraThane pahele svataMtra navAba banyo.59 (2) rAdhanapuranA bAbI A pUrve bahAdura khAna ane enA putra zerakhAna bAbI vize sUcana thayeluM che. zerakhAnane gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke kAma karatA zAhajAdA murAdabakSane sahAya karavA mokalavAmAM Avele (I. sa. 1654-1657) ane 1963mAM cUMvALa pradezanA thANadAra tarIke nImavAmAM Avela. enA putra jApharakhAnanI zaktionI kadara tarIke ene bAdazAha taraphathI I.sa. 1690 mAM cUMvALane hAkema banAvyuM. tyAMnI nokarI sArI bajAvatAM ene bAdazAha taraphathI "saphadarakhAna ne kAba maLe. vaLI rAdhanapura samI mujapura ane meravADA maLyAM hatAM. uparAMta e I.sa 1703 mAM pATaNane sahAyaka hAkema banela. I.sa. 1704 mAM ene vijApurano ane 1706 mAM pATaNane hAkema banAvavAmAM Avela. 1705 mAM gujarAtanA dakSiNa bhAga upara marAThA caDI AvyA tyAre bAdazAhanA hukamathI najaraalI khAna ane sadarakhAnane emano sAmano karavA javAne hukama thatAM rAjapIpaLAnA pradezamAM gayA, jyAM thayelI athaDAmaNamAM saphadarakhAna keda pakaDAyo. paNa marAThA saradAra dhanAjI jAdave enI pAsethI moTo daMDa laI ene mukta karyo.

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154] mughala kAla prie pAcho pATaNa AvI gayo. A samaye tyAM phojadAranA sthAne rahelA durgAdAsarAThoDe baMDa karatAM saphadarakhAne ene parAjaya ApI dUra karyo, * jene kAraNe. saphadarakhAnane phojadArI maLI. ene maLelI sarvotkRSTatAne kAraNe enA putrane paNa moTA heddA maLyA. enA putra khAnajahAM javAMmardakhAnane 1716 mAM rAdhanapuranI hAkemI maLI, jemAM 1723 mAM paDozanAM bIjAM keTalAMka paragaNAM paNa umerAyAM. 1743 mAM ene gujarAtanI sUbedArI maLI. 17pa3 mAM enA avasAne enA meTA putra kamAluddInakhAnane gujarAtanI nAyaba subedArI maLI. kaI prasaMgane kAraNe e jyAre pAlaNapura tarapha gayela tyAre marAThA saradAra raghunAtharAva ( rAbA) ane dAmAjI gAyakavADa gujarAtamAM khaMDaNI ugharAvavA amadAvAda sudhI AvI pahoMcyA. AvI khabara maLatAM kamAluddInakhAna ekadama amadAvAda pahoMcyo, paNa TAMcAM sAdhanane kAraNe laDAImAM jaya na maLyo. eTale 175 mAM ene marAThAo. sAthe suleha karavI paDI. A samaye marAThAoe kamAluddInakhAnane rAdhanapura samI mujapura pATaNa vaDanagara visanagara ane vijApura vagere paragaNuM jAgIratarIke judAM kADhI ApyAM. A rIte e rAdhanapura vagere paragaNune khaMDiyo. rAjavI banyo. 1 14. mAMgaroLa(seraTha)nA kAjhI zekha A pUrve (graMtha 5, pR. 172) jaNAvyA pramANe saiyada sikaMdara sAthe koI jalAluddIna kAjhI mAMgaroLamAM AvI rahele. I.sa. 1775 mAM Ijha-uddIna ane saiyada sikaMdare mAMgaroLane kabaje lIdhe tyArathI akabaranA gujarAta-vijayanA I.sa. 1573 sudhInA varSamAM mAMgaroLamAM muslima sattA cAlu rahI hatI, je mughalAImAM paNa cAlu hatI. mughala sattAnA aMta najIka jamAlakhAna lehANI. nAmanA saradAranA hAthamAM mAMgaroLanI sattA hatI. pezavAnI saurASTramAM sattA AgaLa vadhatAM jAdava jasavaMta nAmanA marAThAone pratinidhinA hAthamAM mAMgaroLa AvyuM hatuM, je 12 varSa lagI TakayuM hatuM. I.sa. 1748mAM zekha phakarUdInanA putra zekhamiyAMe ane malika zAhabuddIne maLI mAMgaLane kile hastagata karyo, ane Ama sthAnika muslima sattAne svataMtra ugama thayo. 15. pAlaNapurane hetANI vaMza jAleranA mAladeva cauhANanA vaMzamAM thayelA vIsaladeva cauhANanI athavA bIje mate zAmaladeva cauhANanI katala thayA pachI hetamakhAnanA vaMzamAM koI maleka khuramAna hatANIe yA enA putra maleka yUsuphakhAne jAloramAM gAdI sthApI

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5 mu"] samakAlIna rAjyA [155 hatI (I.sa. 1394-95). pitA pachI AvelA yUsuphakhAna (I.sa. 1395-1419), enA pachI ene putra hasanakhAna (I.sa. 1419-1439), eneA putra sAlArakhAna (I.sa. 1439-1461), bhAIemAMnA kalahathI e nAsI jatAM eneA nAnA bhAI jhuda--tul-tuka dIvAna usmAnakhAna (I.sa. 1461-1484), enA pachI ene putra khUnakhAna (I.sa. 1484-1506), bAda enA putra mujhAhidakhAna 1 le| urphe mujhA maleka (I.sa. 1506-1510), e pachI traNa varSe ene nAnA bhAI maleka alIrorakhAna (I.sa. 1513-1525), alIzerakhAna pachI ene! putra sikaMdarakhAna (I.sa. 1526-1531), etA pachI enA kAkAnA putra gajhanIkhAna (I.sa. 1531- 1533), enA pachI 20 varSe nAnA bhAI malekakhAna (I.sa. 1557-1576) eka pachI eka mAravADamAM AvelA jAleAramAM sattAdhIza thatA rahyA hatA. malekakhAne ekathI vadhu vAra jAlAranuM rAjya meLavyuM hatuM. e jyAre amadAvAdamAM Azraya laI rahyo hatA tyAre IDaranA rAva nArAyaNadAse potAnA pATavI vIramadeve kareluM: te !na dabAvavA malekakhAnane potAnI madade khelAyA hatA. enA putra gajhanI khAne jAleAra phrI prApta karyuM ne enA pitAnA avasAne e jAleranI gAdIe gajhanIkhAna 2 jA tarIke AvyA (I.sa. 1576-1616). gajhanIkhAna pachI ene putra dIvAna pahADakhAna 1 leA ( I.sa. 1616-1618) sattA upara AvyeA. rAThoDAnA upadravathI bihArI paDANA nAsI chUTI I sa. 1619 mAM pAlapura pAsenA kA gAmamAM AvI rahyA. pahADakhAnane kAA phIrejhakhAna bAlApurane hAkema hatA te vihArIene AvI maLyA ane sayeAganI anukULatA joIne eNe pAlaNapuramAM paNa svataMtra rAjya sthApyuM. ahIMthI gujarAtamAM malekanI e riyAsata zarU thaI, jenI jAlAra upara paNa sattA cAlu hatI. dIvAna phIrAjhakhAna 1lo urphe kamAlakhAna (I.sa. 1635-1638) .. phIrAjhakhAne sattAsUtra dhAraNa karyo tyAre pradezaneA keTaleAka bhAga nAgerI-enA hAthamAM hatA, paNa akabare dIvAna gajhanIkhAnane pAlaNapura ane DIsAnI sanada ApelI hAI enA putra tarIke eneA hakka maLyA. enA samayamAM kALAone dAvavAmAM phIrojhakhAnanA kumAra mujhAhItakhAne saphaLatA meLavatAM gujarAtanA medAranI praza MsA prApta karI. dilhI A samAcAra mekalavAmAM AvatAM phIrAjhakhAnanI hayAtImAM mujhAhItakhAnane pAlaNapuranI takhtanazInIne paravAneA maLyA.. dIvAna mujhAhItakhAna r jo (I.sa. 1638-1663) I.sa 1638 mAM phIrAjhakhAnanA dehAMte mujhAhItakhAna takhtanazIna thaye.. A samaye mahedavI paMthanA sauyada rAju pAlaNapuramAM rahetA hatA. dharmAM carcAnA

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156] mughala kAla [pra. viSayamAM emane auraMgajhebanA hukamathI amadAvAdamAM belAvavAmAM AvyA. dharma carcAmAM emane mata ArUDha islAmIothI judA paDatAM prathama emane amadAvAda choDI devAnuM ane pachI zAhIbAganA emanA prayANa vakhatanA mukAme katala karavAno sUbedArane hukama thatAM emanI katala karavAmAM AvI. | mujhAhItakhAnanA vakhatamAM dAMtIvADAnI jAgIramAM pAlaNapura rAjyano hisso zarU thayuM. pitAne saMtAna na haI mujhAhItakhAne potAnA bhAI salemakhAnanA putra kamAlakhAnane dattaka lIdho hato. dIvAna kamAlakhAna uSe karNakamAla (I.sa. 1663-1706) I.sa. 1663 mAM mujhAhItakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM ene dattaka putra kamAlakhAna gAdIe Avyo. enA samayamAM ene bhatrIjo phatehakhAna (I.sa. 167ra1688) jAleramAM sattA para hato. kamAlakhAnanA amala daramyAna I.sa. 1670mAM jodhapuranA jasavaMtasiMha rAThoDe gujarAtanI potAnI subedArI daramyAna kamAlakhAnane pAlaNapuranI gAdIthI dUra karyo hato, paNa jasavaMtasiMha jatAM ene pharI pAchI gAdI maLI hatI. deDha varSanA khAlI gALAmAM jAleravALA phatehakhAnanA hAthamAM pAlaNapuranAM sattAsUtra rahyAM hatAM. kamAlakhAnanA lAMbA samaya daramyAna auraMgajhebanA hukamathI kamAlakhAnanA putra phIrojhakhAne pAlaNapura rAjyamAMthI jajiyAre ekaThA karyo hato. kamAlakhAna bhATa, cAraNo ane brAhmaNone 84 gAma dAnamAM ApyAM hevAthI e lekemAM "karNakamAla" tarIke oLakhAyo hato. A daramyAna jodhapuranA rAThoDe mughala sattA sAme thayA hatA. samAdhAna thatAM jAlera paragaNuM haMmezane mATe jodhapura sAthe joDAI jatAM have hatANI sattA pAlaNapuranA rAjya pUratI maryAdita rahI. dIvAna pharejhakhAna 2jo udde gajhanIkhAna (I.sa. 170-1719) I.sa. 1706 mAM kamAlakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM ene putra phirojhakhAna sattA upara Avyo. A samaye jAleravALA dIvAna phatehakhAnanA putra pIrakhAne paNa gAdI mATe dAva karyo hato, paNa auraMgajhebanuM avasAna thavAthI enI murAda bara AvI nahi. eNe enA samayamAM tharAda para caDAI karI e sattA nIce lIdhuM hatuM. potAnA samayamAM phIrojhakhAne kAsI ane kAMkareja jItI tyAMnA jAgIradAra pAsethI najarANuM lIdhuM hatuM. dIvAna karamadAdakhAna (I.sa. 1719-1735) pitAnuM maraNa thatAM moTA putra karImadAdakhAna gAdInazIna thayo. AnA rAjya-amala daramyAna marAThAonI pajavaNuM vadhI paDatAM vaDanagara visanagara

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5 su] samakAlIna rAjye [ 157 vijApura vagerenI prajA vatanA cheDI pAlaNapurane Azraye AvatAM pAlaNapuranI pUrve 16 ki.mI. para pahADA vacce karImAbAda vasAvI tyAM rakSaNa ApyuM hatuM, gujarAtanA medAra saramulaMdakhAne bAdazAhI sattAne avagaNI ne jodhapuranA. abhayasiMha rAThoDane medArI sAMpI sarakhulaMdakhAnane tAbe karavA meAkalyA tyAre karImadAdakhAne rAThoDene madada ApI hatI. dIvAna pahADakhAna 2 jo (I.sa. 1735-1744) I.sa. 1735 mAM karImakhAnanA avasAne enA putra pahADakhAna 2 jo sattA upara AvyeA. I.sa. 1735 mAM dAmAjI gAyakavADe maMtrI thAjI kadamane gujarAtamAMthI hAMkI kADhavo tyAre eNe peAtAnI hAranuM kalaMka dhovA malhArarAva hAlpharanI madada laI gujarAta para caDAI karI, emAM pahADakhAna paNa enA hAthe jhaDapAI gayA hatA, jenI pAsethI kadame eka lAkhanI khaMDaNI vasUla karI hatI. (I.sa. 1736), pahADakhAnanA bheALapaNathI pitAne sAcavavA maLeluM enI sattA nIcenuM pATaNanu paragaNuM javAMmarda khAna urphe kamAluddIna bAbIe paDAvI lIdhu (I.sa. 1940). pahADakhAne ziAhI tarapha vaselA bhemiyA jamInadAre|ne tAme karI pAlaNapuranA rAjyamAM vadhAre karyuM hateA. dIvAna bahAdurakhAna (I.sa. 1744-1782) pahADakhAnanA avasAne I.sa. 1744 mAM enA kAkAbahAdurakhAna peAtAnA mATA bhAI usmAnakhAnanI gerahAjarIneA lAbha laI takhtanazIna thayA. pAchaLathI. samAdhAna thatAM usmAnakhAnane paNa rAjyamAMthI keTalAka bhAga kADhI ApavAmAM AvyA hatA.63 16. khabhAtanA navAbI vaza khaMbhAtanA rAjavaMza zarU karanArA mIrjhA jArI najhamuddaulAnA pUja IrAnanA najama I-zanI kuTu MbanA ane ziyA saMpradAyanA hatA. emane eka pUja IrAnanA zAha ismAila sInA sAta pradhAneAmAMnA eka hatA (I.sa. 1500). I.sa. 1723-30 mAM jyAre sarakhulaMdakhAna gujarAtaneA sUmedAra hatA tyAre mIrajhA jAfaranI zakti joI sUbedAre ene peTalAdanA vahIvaTa soMpelA. e arasAmAM enuM lagna IrAnanA dahelanI rAjavIonA eka vaMzaja me|mInakhAna helamInI putrI sAthe thayuM. A pachI sarakhuladakhAne ene gujarAtanI bakSogIrI soMpI hatI. A agAu mAmInakhAnane sarakhulaMdakhAnanI lAgavagathI Isa. 1714 mAM surata ane kha MbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI ane vaDAdarA bharUca dhoLakA peTalAda tathA

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158] mughala kAla naDiyAdano vahIvaTa maLyo hato. A badhAM sthaLomAM potAnA pratinidhi mUkI momInakhAna suratamAM rahetA. Isa. 1715-16 mAM ajitasiMha sUbedAra banatAM mAmInakhAnane chUTA thavuM paDayuM hatuM, paraMtu traNa varSamAM ene potAnI sattA pAchI maLI. AvA vakhate marAThAonA humalA zarU thatAM, e takano lAbha levA momInakhAnane svataMtra thaI javAnuM mana thayeluM. ajitasiMhanA gayA pachI mamInakhAnane pharI sattA gumAvavAnuM thayuM hatuM, paraMtu I.sa. 17rara mAM AsaphajahAM nijhAmumukanI sUbedArInA samayamAM pharI suratanI sattA maLI hatI. A gALAmAM pIlAjI gAyakavADa surata upara caDI Avelo, jenA sAmanAmAM momInakhAnane saphaLatA maLI nahotI. AsaphajahAMe momInakhAnane suratanI dIvAnagIrI uparAMta enI sAthesAtha khaMbhAtane paNa be varSa mATe vahIvaTa soMpyo hate. mIrajhA jApharanAM lagna I.sa. 1725 mAM thatAM sasara-jamAI vadhu nikaTamAM AvyA. momInakhAnanuM avasAna I.sa. 1728 mAM khaMbhAtamAM thayuM te samaye mIrajhA jAphara bakSIgIrI saMbhALI rahela hoI khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa paNa enA hAthamAM Avyo. Ama I.sa. 17ra0 thI 128 vacce svataMtra thavA mATe cAlelAM momInakhAnanAM cakra enA avasAna pachI be varSanA gALAmAM saphaLa thayAM ane khaMbhAtamAM svataMtra muslima sattAnAM bIja ropAyAM (I.sa. 1730). mIrajhA jhaphara najhamuddolA memAnakhAna 1lo) (I.sa. 1730-43) I.sa. 1730mAM bAjIrAva pezavAnA bhAI cimanAjI ApAe khaMbhAtanI cothanI mAgaNI karI, pharI 1733 mAM paNa karI. A vakhate prajA taMga AvI jatAM khaMbhAtamAMthI ghaNA zarApha ane vepArIo dukAno baMdha karI cAlyA gayA ane vepArane bhAre hAni pahoMcI. I.sa. 1730mAM mIrajhA jAphara najamuddalAne sUbedAra sAthenI koI gerasamajathI dilhI javuM paDayuM hatuM. tyAM ene sAruM mAna maLyuM ane jodhapurane abhayasiMha rAThoDa gujarAtane sUbedAra nimAtAM enI sAthe ahIM AvavAnuM thayuM ane gujarAtanI bakSIgIrI tathA khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa ene pAchAM maLyAM. e khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa potAnA pitarAI bhAI phidAuddInakhAnane sepI peTalAda rahe, paNa sUbedAra sAthe kAMIka vAMdho paDatAM ene peTalAda choDavuM paDayuM. I.sa. 1743 mAM mullAM muhammadaalIne tophAnane kAraNe mIrajhA jApharane surata javAne hukama Avyo. khaMbhAtano vahIvaTa e vakhate tegabegakhAnane eNpavAmAM Avyo, . paraMtu A vakhate mIrajhA jApharanA hAthamAM khaMbhAta lagabhaga svataMtra jevuM thaI cUkayuM hatuM.'

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAjya [ 159 jodhapuranA mahArAjA abhayasiMhe gujarAtanI potAnI sUbedArI potAnA pratinidhi ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne sopelI hatI. paNa ene kArabhAra prajAne phAvato nahato. mIrajhA jApharane AvAM kAraNoe bhaMDArI sAthe meLa nahoto rahyo, baMne vacce khaTarAgamAM bIjAM paNa kAraNa vikasyAM hatAM. Ama vaimanasya I.sa. 1737 sudhI cAlyuM. A varSamAM dilhImAM abhayasiMha rAThoDa apriya thato cAlyo e kAraNe enI sUbedArI gaI Ano lAbha mIrajhA jApharane maLyo ane enI najamuddaulA momInakhAna bahAdura phirojhajaga"nA khitAba sAthe gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke nimaNUka thaI, tethI pachI ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne amadAvAdamAMthI dUra karavAnI kAmagIrImAM mIrajhAne samaya Apavo paDayo. khaMbhAtathI e pitAnA lazkara sAthe kAMkariyAnI pALe paDAva nAkhI yuddhanI taiyArImAM paDayo, tyAM te bAdazAha taraphathI navuM pharamAna AvyuM ane abhayasiMha rAThoDane sUbedAra tarIke cAlu rAkhI ratanasiM ha bhaMDArIne sthAne abhayakaraNa paThAvatane kAmacalAu pratinidhi nImavAmAM Avyo. A arasAmAM mIrajhA jApharane surata ane jUnAgaDhathI paNa madada maLI. dAmAjI gAyakavADa paNa ene AvI maLyo. bhaMDArIe hajI amadAvAda choDayu nahotuM. eNe dAmAjIne jaNAvyuM ke mIrajhA jApharano pakSa choDe te khaMbhAta ane amadAvAda sahita gujarAtane aDadho bhAga ApuM. A vAta dAmAjIe mIrajhA jApharane kahetAM jAphare amadAvAda havelI paragaNAnAM keTalAMka gAma ane viramagAma paragaNuM ApavAnAM kahI dAmAjInA mananuM samAdhAna karyuM. aMte bhaMDArI amadAvAda choDI cAlyo gayo. mIrajhA jAphare amadAvAdamAM vijayapraveza karyo. A samAcArathI bAdazAha taraphathI enA manasabamAM vadhAro karavAmAM Avyo. mIrajhAe amadAvAdane aDadhe bhAga marAThAone Apela tethI athaDAmaNo thayA karatI hatI, paNa enI heziyArIthI e emAMthI pAra UtarI Avato hato, AthI prasanna thaI bAdazAhe enI manasabadArImAM bIjo paNa sAro vadhAro karI Apyo hato. A pachI enI tabiyata bagaDI ane enuM I.sa 1743 mAM avasAna thayuM. sattA mATenI sAThamArI mIrajhA jApharanA avasAne enI begamane zaMkA paDI ke mIrajhA jApharane pitarAI phidAuddInakhAna ane mutakhIrakhAna khaMbhAtanI jAgIra paDAvI leze. e mATe eNe raMgAjInuM rakSaNa mAgyuM. bIjI bAjuthI e be hAkemane gujarAtanI sUbAgIrI kAmacalAu saMbhALI levAne bAdazAhI hukama Avyo, ane e beue amadAvAdane havAle lIdho. raMgejI e beunuM kAsaLa kADhI nAkhavA mAgato hato, paNa emAM e saphaLa na thayo. daramyAna phidAuddInakhAnane khaMbhAta javuM paDayuM,

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160] mughala kAla eTale muphatakhIrakhAnane mArI nAkhavA prayatna karyo, paNa muphatakhIrakhAnane AnI gaMdha AvI jatAM e sAvaceta banI gayo. raMgone hUMpha ApavA zerakhAna bAbI, khaMbhAtathI keTalAMka gAmaDAM luMTavA lAgyo. mutakhIrakhAne phidAudInane khaMbhAtathI. belAvI lIdhe, daramyAna zerakhAne raMgejIne sahAya ApavAnuM baMdha karyuM. I.sa. 1743 nA uttarArdhamAM bAdazAhanA jANavAmAM AvyuM ke ju-narano abdula ajhIjhakhAna khoTI rIte gujarAtane sUbedAra thaI beThe che, tethI bAdazAhe pharamAna mokalI mukta khIrakhAnane gujarAtane sUbedAra nImI sattA ApI, paNa. amadAvAda javAMmardakhAna bAbInA kabajAmAM heI mukhIrakhAnane saphaLatA na maLI ane khaMbhAta cAlyA javuM paDayuM, jyAMthI ene raMgajInI sahAya mAgavI paDI. raMgejIne rUpiyA eka lAkhanI jarUra hatI. muphatakhIrakhAne rUpiyA eMsI hajAra ekaThA karI ApyA, paNa raMgojIe bAkInA rUpiyA 20 hajAra maLyA pachI madada karavA jaNAvyuM. Ane kAraNe mutakhIrakhAnane khaMbhAtamAM pAMca varSa paDyA rahevuM paDayuM. A samaya daramyAna sUbedArI meLavavA amadAvAda jaI eNe aneka vAra prayatna karyo, paNa saphaLatA na maLI. I.sa. 1737 thI 1748 sudhI khaMbhAtane vahIvaTa to najamakhAna nAmanA. amaladAranA hAthamAM rahyo hato ane ekaMdare khaMbhAtamAM zAMti rahI hatI. amadAvAdanI sUbAgIrI meLavavAmAM saphaLatA na maLatAM have mutakhIrakhAne khaMbhAtamAM taddana svataMtra thavA vicAryuM ane najamakhAnane marAvI nAkhyo. A vAtanI bAdazAhane jANa karI, bAdazAhe agAu Apele "momInakhAnane. IlakAba dhAraNa karI khaMbhAtanI mutsaddIgIrI lIdhI, jene bAdazAhe bahAlI ApI.. momInakhAna 2 (I.sa. 1748-183) bAdazAha taraphathI "nuruddIna muhammadakhAna momInakhAna bahAdurano chaTakAba maLyo te dhAraNa karI eNe khaMbhAtanAM sattAsUtra hAthamAM lIdhAM. najamakhAnanA mRtyunA samAcAra sAMbhaLI phidAuddInakhAna enA kuTuMbane dilAso ApavA khaMbhAta Avyo. paNa muphatakhIrakhAne khaMbhAtamAM ene praveza karavA na dIdho. A samaye mukta khIrakhAna - mInakhAnanI sattA mAtra khaMbhAta upara hatI ane bahAra enuM pada mAtra khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI tarIke gaNAtuM. gAyakavADanA pratinidhi sAthe ene have aNabanAva thayele. pezavA ane gAyakavADe gujarAtanI vaheMcaNI karI lIdhelI temAM khaMbhAta pezavAnA bhAgamAM AvyuM hatuM. A kAraNe zivAne pratinidhi raghunAtharAvacotha ugharAvato dhoLakA ane tArApura thaI khaMbhAta Avyo ane memInakhAna pAsethI 10 hajAranI cotha mAgI (I.sa. 1752).

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muM) samakAlIna rAje [161 e ugharAvavA pAMDuraMga paMDita Avyo tyAre zarUmAM te bacAvanAM sAdhana taiyAra karyo, paNa athaDAmaNa thAya e pahelAM salAha thaI ane momInakhAne ghAsadANAnA rUpiyA sAta hajAra tema cAra topa ApI. I.sa. 1753nuM comAsuM AvatAM khaMbhAtanA koTane keTaleka bhAga paDI gayo. AnI jANa amadAvAdanA pezavAI sUbedAra zrIpatarAvane thatAM e khaMbhAta upara caDI Avyo, paNa saphaLatA na maLI, eTale khaMbhAtanAM gAmaDAM lUMTavAnI zarUAta karI. AnI asara momInakhAna upara thaI ane chevaTe ene samAdhAna karavuM paDayuM. marAThA sAthenA vigrahamAM khaMbhAtane ghaNuM nukasAna thayuM hatuM. samAdhAna te thayuM, paNa momInakhAnane ene vizvAsa nahoto tethI taiyArI cAlu rAkhelI. I.sa. 1754 mAM khaMbhAtane pezakAra vajerAma zrIpatarAvanA julamanI phariyAda karavA pUnA pezavAnA darabAramAM gayo. bIjI bAju khaMbhAtanI jakAtane bhAga levA zrIpatarAne potAnA nAyaba bhagavaMtarAvane mokalyo. ochI Avaka ane vadhu kharca hoI bhagavaMtarAve khaMbhAta laI levA pezavAne samajAvyuM. agAuthI mAhitI maLI javAthI, bhagavaMtarAva khaMbhAta najIka Avyo tyAre momInakhAne enuM saMmAna karI akabarapurAmAM utAro Ape. bhagavaMtarAve amadAvAdathI javAmardakhAna bAbIne teDAvavA patra lakhele te momInakhAnanA hAthamAM AvI gaye tethI mInakhAne bhagavaMtarAva Utarelo te makAnane ghero ghAle, ene pakaDyo ane keda karyo, tema khaMbhAtanA baMdaranI jakAtamAM koIne bhAga have nathI evuM paNa jAhera karI dIdhuM. bAjIrAvane khabara paDatAM bhagavaMtarAvane choDAvavA bAra hajAranI senA khaMbhAta tarapha ravAnA karI. khaMbhAtane ghere ghalAyo ne yuddha zarU paNa thayuM, paNa pachI "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhaka alI muhammadakhAnanI masalatathI suleha thaI ane momInakhAna nukasAnamAMthI UgarI gayo. bhagavaMtarAve enuM vera vALavA khaMbhAtanAM gAma lUMTavA mAMDyAM. nAnAM nAnAM yuddha paNa keTalAka samaya cAlyAM. aMte suleha thaI. momInakhAne rUA. 10,000 ApavAnA TharyA. rakama hAjara nahi eTale tUkejI nAmane pezavAI saradAra momInakhAnane jAmIna banyo. Ama momInakhAna Isa. 1755 sudhI khaMbhAtamAM kabaje jema tema karI sAcavI rAkhI zako.65 I -11

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12] mughala kAla pAdaTIpa 1. D. B. Diskalkar; Inscriptions of Kathiawad, No. 110. dhrAMgadhrAnI hajUra ophisamAM(tA. ra8-4-1901)ne lekha, jemAM rAva bhAramalajIne nirdeza thayo che. 2. Ibid, No. 129 : vavANiyA baMdara najIkanA dahIsarA gAmanA uttara daravAje AvelA eka pALiyAmAM tyAM mAhAzaya zrI. bhojarAjajI'nI sattA kahI che (tA. 19-10-163 ne lekha). 3. Ibid, No. 146 vAMkAneranA caMdrasiMhajInI sAme laDatAM marAyelo rojI A mALiyA-miyANu pAse tA. 12-11-1683 nA divase marAyele. 3-24. Sir Campbell, Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. V, p. 138 4. kacchanI vigatano AdhAra : AtmArAma kezavajI dvivedI, "karacha dezane itihAsa, tathA Gujarat State Gazetteer : Kutch District 5. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 105 : khAna Ajhama (mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA) sAthenA yuddhamAM kumAra aja marAyA (tA. 1-4-1591 ne bhUcara merInA sthAna najIka bhUtanAtha mahAdevanA maMdiranI uttare Avelo pALiyo). 6. "kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha' (kA. sa. saM), pR. 454, A yuddhanI vigato mATe juo upara pRSTha 48-49. 7. mAvadAsajI bhImajI ratanuM, "zrIyaduvaMzaprakAza ane jAmanagarano itihAsa, | pR. 228 8. kA. sa. saM, pR. 455 9. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cih, No. 112: "mahArAja zrI rAma zrI chatrasAlanA putra zrI jasavaMta'nuM zAsana (tA. 18-4-610 ne nAgezvara mahAdeva maMdiramAM lekha); Ama chatAM op. cit, No. 14 mAM "pAtasAha zrI zamazAhanA mAhAmaMDalIka jAmazrI chatrasAlajInuM rAjya (tA. 12-2-1613 ne navAnagaranA dAdara gAmane lekha) kahyuM che, paraMtu zatruMjayanI vimalavasahInI TUMka uparanI hAthIpaLa pAsenA derAsaranI dIvAlanA tA.-4-1619 nA lekhamAM hAlAramAM AvelA navInapura(navAnagara)mAM zrI jasavaMta nAmane jAma sattA upara hovAnuM nirdezAyuM che, eTale have zatruzalya jIvate nahi hoya. 20. vigato mATe juo pra. ci. parIkha, "nijAnaMda saMpradAya ane saMta prANanAtha ', UrminavaracanA', varSa 44, pR. 543-548.

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1 muM] samakAlIna rAje [163 11. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 121 : kAlAvaDa(ji. jAmanagara)ne zItaLA maMdiranI najIkanA zivAlayanI dIvAlano lekha, jemAM "zrI yaduvaMzanA mahA jAma lAkhAjI"nuM rAjya kahyuM che ane enA bhAI vibhAjIne kumArapade kahyuM che (tA. 20-9-1625 no lekha). Op. cit, No. 134 : tA. 14-2-1640 nA jAmanagaranA mukhA jaina derAsaramAM saMbhavanAthajInI besaNunA lekhamAM yaduvaMzanA jAma lAkhAjInI sattA kahI che. 12. D. B. Diskalkar, Op. cit, No 139 : tA. 16-ra-1963 nA jAmanagara rAjyanA zekhapATa gAmanI DerImAMnA beu pALiyAmAM jAmazrI 7 rAjasiMghajI yuddhamAM marAyAnuM neMdhAyuM che. A "rAjasiMhajInA putra phUlajInA putra vibhAjIno pALiyo tA. 20-10-1694 no jAma khaMbhALiyAmAM che; juo ibid, No, 153. 13. rAvala (tA. kalyANapura, ji. jAmanagara) gAmane koTa lAkhAe caNAvyo hato (tA. 15-5-1697). tyAMnA lekhamAM cAdava vaMzanA jAma rAjasiMghajInA putra jAma tamAcInA nUtananagaramAM "jAma lAkhAjIne rAjya karato varNavyo che; Ibid, No, 155 14. mukhyatve kA. sa. saM, pR. 456-459 mAMthI vigato lIdhI che. 15, D. B. Diskalkar, op, city, No 138. dhroLa najIkanA khAravA gAmanA tA. 8-5-1659 nA e lekhamAM jADejA zrI jaNachanuM rAjya kahyuM che. 16. zaM. ha. dezAI, jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', pR. 72-73 17. morabInA uttara dizAe AvelA smazAnamAMnA tA. 21-11-1740 nA pALiyAmAM ThAkarazrI kAMhIMAjInA putra jADejA "alaIAjI"nI DerI karyAnuM ane e ja divasanA bIjA pALiyAmAM "jA jA sAheba bhArAjInA putra vIsAine pALiye Ubho karyAnuM lakhyuM che; juo D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 170. 18. daravAjAmAM praveza karatAM DAbI bAjunI dIvAlamAM lekha 19. porabaMdaranA zAMtinAthanA derAsaranA saM. 1691(I.sa. 1635)nA lekhamAM vikamAtajIne yuvarAja kahelo hoI I sa. 1635 mAM ke najIkanA varSamAM enuM avasAna thayuM haze. juo tri. e. zAha, maNibhAI vorA, madhusUdana DhAMkI, porabaMdaranA zAMtinAtha jinAlayanA be zilAlekho', "phArbasa gaumAsika", varSa 30, pR. 172-176. 20. ke. kA. zAstrI, "pazcima saurASTra H itihAsanI ArasImAM', "gujarAtI sAhitya pariSada-adhivezana-porabaMdara-smaraNikA", pR. 39-40 21. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 109 : mahArANA caMdrasiMhanA rAjyakAlamAM hAmapora gAmamAM zivamaMdira baMdhAyuM (tA. 4-2-159no lekha); No. 113: pAtazAha selimazAhanA vijayarAjyamAM nRpati zrI caMdrasenajIne ullekha che (dhrAMgadhrA najIkanA gALAnA jaina maMdirane tA. 23-2-162 no lekha).

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sughala phAla [ paNa e sa. 1626 joIe. nIce D. B. 164] 22. AcArya I.sa. 1628 kahe che, Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 124 paranI neAMdha jue. (1) Ibid., No. 111 : tA. 1-5-1607nA koMDhAnA kAMThezvara mahAdevanA madiranA lekhamAM raNamala zatruzalya jitarAjajI raNavIra bhIma vAdha rAjadhara raNa. vasiMha bhIma vasiMhadeva ane udayasiMha ane uMdasiMhaneA kalyANa evA krama che. AmAMnA raNa(rANIMgade) pachInA cAra dhrAMgadhrAnI samAMtara zAkhAnA jaNAya che, kAraNa ke A samaye tA caMdrasiMhajI hatA. (2) Ibid., No. 119 : dhrAMgadhrAnA caraDavA mahAlamAMnA mAthakanI vAyavya khUNAmAM AvelI derInA tA. 4-1-1621 nA lekhamAM 'mahArANA zrI caMdrasenajInA rAjyamAM kumAra bhejarAja'nA nidhananA ullekhavALA pALiyA. (3) Ibid., No. 124 : haLavadanI bhavAnI mAtAnA maMduiranI pUrva bAju AvelI DerInA tA. 11-5-1626 nA lekha, jemAM e divase zrI ca'drasenajInu' maraNa thatAM, pAchaLathI mahArANA amarisa hajIe e derI karAvyAnu lakhyu che. (4) Ibid., No 132 : tA. 30-3-1634nA haLavadanI bhavAnI mAtAnA ma`diranA lekha parathI hajI mahArANA zrI AsakaraNajI rAjya karatA heAvAnu jaNAya che. (5) Ibid., No. 136 : tAra5-6-1644nA rAjasItApuramAM AvelA lakSmInArAyaNanA maMdira pAsenA zivAlayanA lekhamAM jhAlAvADanA haLavadamAM 'mahArANA zrI caMdrasenanA putra amarasadhajI"nI sattA kahI che. 23. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 142 : tA 29-1-1666 nA haLavadanI eka derImAMnA A lekhamAM mahArANA gajasaMdhanI sattA kahI che. 24. Ibid., No. 150 : tA. 5-5-1993 nA haLavadanI 36 staMbhavALI derInA A lekhama mahArANI jasava tasaMghajInu zAsana kahyuM che, Ibid., No. 164 mAM tA. 1-41723nA pALiyAmAM paNa enu zAsana kahyuM che. 24. juA upara pRSTha 76, 25. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit., No. 176: tA. 9-5-1959 nA dhrAMgadhrAnA maNinAgezvara ma diramAMnA A lekhamAM koI AvaradAse tA. 6-8-1753 nA divase zivamaMdira caNAvavAnA Ara'bha karyo tyAre rAjaya ahamadazAhanuM hatuM ne jhAlAvADamAM 'desati mahArANA zrI rAesa'dhajI'nu' rAjya hatu. e ma`dira tA. -51759 mAM pUru' thayu' tyAre rAjA tarIke zrI gajasa dhajI hatA ane ene paTadhara kumAra jasavaMtasa dhajI hatA. 26. Ibid., No. 165 : adAjIe peAtAnA pitA bheAjarAjajInI derI ziyANInA taLAvanI pALe karyAMnu tA. 15-7-1024nA A lekhamAM sUcana che.

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5 muM] samakAlIna rAjyo 165 27. Ibid, No. 167: lIMbaDInA taLAvanI pALe UbhelA pALiyAmAM tA. 28-3-1737ne divase kumAra harAjInA avasAnanI nedha che. 28. Ibid., Nos. 167, 169, 180 29. Ibid, No120 : vAMkAneranA mahAlakSmI maMdira pAsenA pALiyAne tA. 31-3 1623ne lekha. emAM mahArANA zrI mAnajInA putra mahArANA zrI rAyazaMghajInA putra mahArANu zrI caMdrasenajInA putra mahAkumAra zrI prathIrAjanA putra mahAkumAra zrI saratAnajInA avasAnanI noMdha che. enI pAchaLa IDaranA rAyanArAyaNadAsanA putra rAya kalyANamalajInI putrI prANavaMtI satI thaI hatI. 30. Ibid., No. 131: TuvA(tA. vAMkAnera)nA lakSmInArAyaNa maMdiranA tA.9-6-1932 nA mULa lekhamAM vAMkAnera pragaNe rANAzrI mAnasaMghajI ane enA putra rAyasaMgha ema beu nAma maLe che. 31. Ibid. No. 146 : mALiyA-miyANInA pradeza upara caDI AvelA caMdrasiMhajI sAme laDatAM kacchanA rAva rAyadhaNajIno putra rojI marAyAnuM tA. 13-11-1683nA A pALiyA para noMdhAyuM che. 32. Ibid, No. 135: tA. 21-4-1642 nA vaDhavANanA pALiyAmAM mahArANuM caMdra senajInA putra pRthvIrAjajIne putra rAjI maraNa pAmatAM rAThoDa rANI satI thayAnuM 33. kA. sa. sa., pR. 569 34. ahIM sudhInuM kA. sa. saM, pR. 569nA AdhAre. 35. A dAmAjI gAyakavADe zivamaMdira loliyANA(valabhIpura mahAla)mAM tA. 9-5 138 ne divase pUruM kareluM; juo D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No. 168. 36. Ibid, No. 171 : tA. 20-8-1741nA vaDhavANanI hADImAnI jagyAnA lekhamAM mahArANu zrI arajanasiMhajI sAthe hADA zrI amarasiMhajInA putrI bAI zrI devakuMvare sahagamana karyuM ane prAsAda paramAra kuTuMbanI AchAMbAnA putra mahArANA zrI sabalasiMhajIe karAvyAnuM noMdhAyuM che. 37. Ibid., No 154: tA. 22-4-1996 nA divase vajerAjajInA putra zeSamalanA putra gopAlasiMhajIne putra karachanAM sainya sAthe laDatAM marAyelo enI thAnanA pAdharamAMnA A pALiyAlekhamAM nedha che, jyAre ibid, No. 158 mAM thAnanA tA. 19-91701 nA eka anya pALiyAmAM mahArANuM abhirAjajInA suta vajerAjajInA suta zeSamalajInA suta "sagarAmasaMdha noMdhAyA che. Ibid., No. 163 nA tA. 31-81720nA pALiyA-lekhamAM paNa A krama maLe che.

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16] mughala kAla 38 Ibid, No. 125 mAM pAtazAha zrI zAhajahAnanA rAjyamAM paramAra zrI rAmajInuM vijayarAjya kahyuM che (mULInA mAMDavarAya maMdirane tA. 25-1-1929ne A lekha che). 39. Ibid, No. 143 : tA. 14-8-169nA mULInA pAdharanA pALiyAmAM paramAra visAjI maraNa pAmatAM koI brAhmaNe ApaghAta karyAnuM lakhyuM che. A visajI mULanA bhejarAjajI 2 jAno sauthI nAno bhAI hato. 40. bhArata rAjya maMDala (bhA. rA. maM), bhAga 1, pR. 200-202 jA. ejana, bhAga 2, pR. 1ra8 (28)-128 (47) 42. ejana, bhAga. 1, pR. 236-237 43. D. B. Diskalkar, op. cit, No 103: tA. 13-10-1577 nA gAyaMtI vAvanA A lekhamAM akabaranA rAjyamAM visAjInI sattA hevAno ullekha che. 43-a. tA. 25-10-1917nA varatejanA pALiyA-lekhamAM dhunAjInI sattAne nirdeza che; gai ibid., No. 116. 44. Ibid, No. 175 : tA. 6-9-1752 nA lAThInA bhIDabhaMjana mahAdevanA maMdiramAMnA lekhamAM lAThImAM gehela saMghanuM rAjya karyuM che. 5. bhA. rA. paM. bhAga 1, pR. 210-213 41. D. B. Diskalkar, op.cit. No. 144: tA. 31-5-1682nAbeTa zaMkhoddhAramAMnA lakSmIjInI vakhAra nAmaka sthAna najIka UbhelA pALiyAmAM rANA zrI bhImajIne ullekha che. 47. Ibid, No. 140 : tA. 9-1-1664 nA beTa dvAramAMnA navA zaMkhanArAyaNa maMdira pAsenA pALiyAmAM saMgrAmajInA putra rANo akherAjajI maraNa pAmyAne nirdeza che. 48. bhA. rA. ., bhAga 2, pR. 82 86-24. M. s. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 10 -A. Ibid., p. 178; vaLI juo upara pR. 77. 49. IDara rAjyane itihAsa, bhA. 1, pR. 133-307 50. bhA. rA. maM, bhAga 1, pR. rara-223 pI. ejana, bhAga 1, pR. rara4-rara5 para. ejana, bhAga 1, pR. 194-195 53. A sthaLa pAlanapura tAlukAmAM kAMkareja vibhAgamAM bahecarAjIthI uttare 5 ki.mI. upara che.

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samakAlIna rAjya 5su'] 54. bhA. rA. ma', bhAga 1, pR. 229 55. ejana, bhAga 1, pR. 291-292 [ 167 56. dharamapura teA rAmadevanI pachI AvelA dharamadeve I.sa. 1766 mAM vasAvyuM tyAM sudhI gAdI nagara(rAmanagara)mAM hatI. 57. bhA. rA. ma, bhAga. 1, pR. 281-283 58. ejana, bhAga 2, pR. 138-139 59. zaM. ha, desAI, saurASTrane! itihAsa,' pR. 591-99 60. A banAva 1703 mAM jApharakhAnanI nAyakha-hAkemI vakhate banyAnu' A ja graMthamAM noMdhAyuM che. ! bhA. rA. mA~, bhAga 1, pR. 191-192 62. ke. kA. zAstrI, saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarIo-1, mAMgarALa-sAra', pR. 59-66 63. pAlanapura rAjyanI vigata pAlaNapura rAjyanA ItihAsa', bhAga 1, pR. 1 thI 200 mAMthI tAravI che. 64. mIrajhA jApharanu` AkhuM nAma mIrajhA jAphara najamuddaulA mAmInakhAna hatu, eTale enA avasAna sudhInA hevAlamAM 3. bhI. jorTae meAmInakhAna nAma praceAkhyu che ('khaMbhAtaneA itihAsa', pR. 62-67). 65. khaMbhAtanA itihAsanI vigatA zrI ratnamaNirAva bhImarAvanA khma'bhAtanA itihAsa'nAM pR. 60-74 mAMthI saMkSepamAM levAmAM AvI che.

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A pariziSTa 1 gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhata 1. peTugIjha vasAhata mahamUda begaDAnA maraNa bAda gujarAtanA kinArA para phiraMgIone prabhAva vadhyo. mughala bAdazAha hUmAyuMnI viruddha laDavAmAM gujarAtanA sulatAna bahAdurazAhe phiraMgIonI madada lIdhI hatI tethI dIva ane damaNa para phiraMgI-varcasa sthapAyuM. porTugIjhoe damaNa gujarAtanA eka amIra pAsethI meLavyuM hatuM. emanI vasAhatamAM khristI dharmapracArapravRttio cAlatI tethI damaNamAM paNa je suITa carca uparAMta Dominikana, phAMsiskana ane gaTiyana carcA paNa hatAM. dIvanA kilAne pharatI bevaDI khAI hatI. bahAranI khAInI UMDAI vadhu hevAthI emAM vahANuM paNa AvI zakatAM. killA para moTI topo rAkhavAmAM AvatI. Ama dIva porTugIjha mATe surakSita sthaLa hatuM ane vepArI mathaka hatuM. akabaranA darabAramAM je suITa mizana vAraMvAra jatAM. bAdazAhe emane dhama bAbata amuka chUTachATa ApI hatI. akabara tathA jahAMgIranA samayamAM porTagajhene khaMbhAtamAM khristI dharmane pracAra karavAne tathA carca bAMdhavAnI paravAne maLyo hato. porTugIjhonI saMkhyA paNa e sthaLe moTI hatI. I.sa. 1605 mAM tyAM 80 porTugIjha kuTuMba vasatAM hevAnuM neMdhAyuM che. dariyAkinAre porTugIe vizALa AvAsagRha baMdhAvyAM hatAM. musAphara Tarniyare enA pravAsa (I.sa. 162-66) daramyAna enA bhagnAvazeSa nihALyA hatA. khaMbhAtane vepAra bahALo hato. eka samaye phiraMgIo( videzIo)nAM 200 vahANa bArAmAM nAMgarelAM hovAno ullekha che. 1616 pachI aMgrejonI vepArI jamAvaTa khaMbhAta baMdare thatAM phiraMgIonuM jora ochuM thayuM. surata mukAme paNa porTugIjhonAM vaLatAM pANa thayAM. 2. valaMdA(Daca) vasAhato vepArI ane vahANavaTI tarIke valaMdA paMkAtA. I.sa. 1602 mAM pUrvamAM vepAra karatI vividha kaMpanIonuM ekatrIkaraNa karI Daca yunAITeDa kaMpanInI sthApanA thaI. Daca sarakAre vepArI kaMpanIne keTalAka hakaka ApyA hatA, jemAM yuddha

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pariziSTa 1] gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhata [16 ke saMdhi karavAnA tathA bhUmi kabaje karI e sthaLe killeba'dI karavAnA adhikAra noMdhapAtra che. aMgrejo valaMdAe! ane phrecAnA Agamana samaye hiMdanA dariyAkinArA para pArTugIjhonuM varcIsa hatuM. mulAnI naukAzaktinA abhAvamAM pArTugIjhone. paDakAranAra kAI khIjI sattA na hatI. valaMdA uttama prakAranA khalAsI hAvAthI emaNe perTugIjhonI dariyAI zaktine paDakArI. hiMdanA pazcima kinArA para vepAranI zarUAta karavAnA prayatna nyujhIleMDanA be vepArIoe karyA hatA, paraMtu gAvAnA pArTugIjhoe temene mArI nAMkhyA. valaMdAonA mukhya vepAra tejAnAnA TApuo sAthe hatA tethI hiMdanA kArAmAMDala kinArA para emanI vepArI kAThIe hatI, para Mtu amuka samaya pachI gujarAta sAthe vepAranI jarUrata valaMdAene lAgI. pahelAM arame paNa gujarAtanA kApaDanI sArTa TApuonA nivAsIo pAsethI tejAnA kharIdatA hatA e kAraNe gujarAtamAM vasAhata sthApavAnI jarUrata UbhI thaI. I.sa. 1601 mAM valaMdA surata AvyA hatA ane 1606 mAM emaNe e sthaLe kAThI sthApI hatI. e samaye peATu gIjho emanA harI+ hatA. murahAnapura khAte mudhaleAnA vaDA khAnakha!tonA kAna peATu gIjho vala'dAe viruddha bha bharI rahyA che e khAke suratamAM vAna Denisa nAme eka valadAe AtmahatyA karI ane tyAre mAda suratanI kAThI baMdha karI. have navesarathI -gujarAtamAM vepAra artha' valaMdAoe I.sa. 1615 mAM prayatna karyAM. e ja varSe Daca pratinidhi tarIke vana revisTanane jahAMgIranA darabAramAM vepArI savalate meLavavAnA kAraNe mekalavAmAM AvyeA. e ja gALAmAM aMgreja pratinidhi `masa re| -jahAMgIra pAse vepArI savalatA meLavavAnA AzayathI purahAnapura jai te rahyo hatA. viTanane khazAha pAsethI vepArI savalatA meLavavI durlabha lAgI. vaLI rA paNa vala MdA viruddha pravRttio karatA hateA. revisTanane jaNAyuM ke valaMdA mATe e vepArane anukULa rAjakIya vAtAvaraNa nathI, paraMtu ene ripoTa Ave e pahelAM eka Daca pratinidhi ekane surata khAte kAThI sthApavA meAkalavAmAM AvyA. I.sa. 1616 nA oNgasTamAM eNe surata AvI sattAvALAe| pAsethI paravAnA meLaLyeA. sattAvALAone kAmacalAu paravAnagI ApavI paDI, kAraNa valadA gujarAtanAM vahANAne nukasAna karavAnI zakti 1618 mAM zAhajAdA khuma pAsethI valaMdA vepArI zarUAtanAM varSAmAM aMgrejo sAthe sazastra athaDAmaNa thatI hovA chatAM valadA gujarAta sAthe emane vepAra vikasAvI zakayA. zarUAtamAM baTeviyAthI varSamAM traNa dharAvatA hatA. I.sa. saMdhi meLavI zakayA.

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100] mughala kAla [pra. 5muM ke cAra vahANa gujarAta ane arabastAna tarapha jatAM. vepAra vadhatAM amadAvAda ane bharUca sthaLe paNa valaMdAonI vepArI koThIo sthApavAmAM AvI. suratamAM valaMdAonI vasAhata hatI ane teo tyAM kAThathI rahetA. emanaE - DAyarekaTarane AvAsa vizALa hato. I.sa. 19ra7 mAM Temasa harbaTa suratanuM varNana karyuM che : e valaMdAonA ane aMgrejonA AvAsa temaja pharnicara uttama prakAranAM. hovAnuM jaNAve che. menDelaoNte kahevA pramANe surata pAse nadIne pele pAra rAMdera khAte valaMdAonI vakhAra hatI. valaMdAonuM vepArI thANuM amadAvAdamAM mukhya cAra rastAo para hevAnuM musAphara thevane (I.sa. 1666) jaNAve che. zAhajahAM porTugIjhone harAvavAvalaMdAonI madada levA Icchato hato, eNe badalAmAM vepAramAM amuka chUTachATa ApavAnI taiyAra batAvI, paNa baTeviyAnA garvanare e darakhAsta nAmaMjUra karI. 17mI sadInI chellI pacIsImAM vepAranA pramANamAM atizaya vadhAro. thayo. enA lAbha valaMdAoe meLavyA. valaMdA 100 rUpiyAnA mAla para 500 rUpiyA napha rAkhatA. e ja taikAnA aMtabhAgamAM sattAvALAonA trAsanA kAraNe valaMdAone suratano vepAra baMdha kare paDayo. I. sa. 1698 mAM mughala. amIranAM vahANu yuropanA cAMciyAoe lUTayAM. pariNAme je ca valaMdAonI koThIo para niyaMtraNa mukAyAM. aMte suleha thatAM auraMgajhebe e uThAvI lIdhAM. aMgrejI ane pheconI mAphaka valaMdAone paNa mughalanAM vahANa luMTavA badala' nukasAnI peTe rakama bharavAnI hatI. valaMdAoe 70 hajAra rUpiyA cUkavyA ane makkA jatAM vahANenA rakSaNanI bAMyadharI ApI. 18 mA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM mughalenI sattAnA asta samaye aMgrejonuM varcasa surata para vadhyuM. pariNAme valaMdAone sahana karavuM paDayuM. 1762 mAM suratanA navAbe valaMdAonI kaThI japta karI. valaMdAoe zaheramAMthI koThI khaseDI ane navI jagyAe kholI. A jagyA valaMdAvADa tarIke oLakhAI. aMte I.sa. 17888 mAM valaMdA suratanI keDI choDI jatA rahyA. 3. aMgreja-vasAhata vala dAone naphAkAraka vepAra karatA joI aMgrejoe hiMdane vepAra zarU karyo. 19mA saikAnI chellI pacIsImAM IglenDanI rANI ilijhAbethe khaMbhAtanA zahenazAha (mughala bAdazAha)ne vepArI sagavaDo ApavA arthe patra lakhyo hato, paraMtu a grejone vepArI savalato tarata prApta na thaIkAraNa ke mughala darabAramAM

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pariziSTa 1] gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhata [171: porTugIjha pAdarIo a grejone phAvavA de ema nahotuM. surata baMdare 1608mAM aMgreja vahANa bahekaTara" nAMgaryuM. jahAMgIra pAsethI viliyama hAkise vepArI sagavaDa meLavI, paraMtu mughala amIro ane porTugIjhanI khaTapaTane lIdhe e rada karavAmAM AvI.. hokinsa pachI 1911 mAM hetrI miDaTana surata Avyo. e samaye porTugIjha. avarodharUpa hatA. porTugIjhonAM nAnAM vahANa cokI karatAM hovAthI surata baMdara aMgrejo mATe baMdha hatuM tethI miDaTane pAsenA suMvALI baMdare vahANa naMgaryAM ne vepAra paNa zarU karyo. porTugInA dabANane kAraNe mughala sattAvALAoe aMgrejone suMvALI choDavAno hukama karyo. miDalTane rAtA samudra para aMgreja zakita- ne paraco batAvyo, surata ane dIvanAM vahANa aTakAvyAM. e choDAvavA lAgatA. vaLagatAne sArI evI rakama bharapAI karavI paDI. tyAra pachI 1612 mAM kepTana besTe suMvALI khAte porTugIne harAvyA tethI suratanA amaladAra para aMgrejo vize sArI chApa paDI. besTane AvakAra maLyo ane sattAvALAoe karAra paNa. karyA. 13mI okaTobara 1613 nA roja zAhI pharamAna paNa AvyuM. surata khAte vepArI koThI lavAmAM AvI. ene laDe Tomasa eDavartha hatA. aMgrejono vepAra barobara na cAle, kAraNa ke sthAnika vepArIone porTugIjha prati pakSapAta. hato. bIjI tarapha porTugIjhe aMgrejone maLelA vepArI hakkothI ciDAyelA hatA. tethI teoe mughalenAM vahANone raMjADavAnuM zarU karyuM. mughalee iMglenDathI AvelA. DAunTana pAse porTugIjha viruddha sahAyanI mAgaNI karI. potAnA dezanI paravAnagI vinA DAunTane ema karavAnI azakti darzAvI tethI mughala sattA roSe bharAI gevAno porTugIjha gavarnara aMgreja vahANone khatama karavA surata Avyo. e baMne vacce suMvALI bArI pAse laDAI thaI. porTugIjhene dIva bhAgI javuM paDayuM. aMgrejonI jItane pariNAme dariyAI vepAramAM thoDI rAhata thaI. IMglenDanA rAjA jemsa pahelAnA prathama adhikRta elacI tarIke Tomasa ro 161panA sapTembaramAM hiMda Avyo. DisembaramAM jahAMgIra pAse potAnI oLakhapatra raju karyA. e traNa varSa lagI bAdazAhanI chAvaNIomAM sAthe ne sAthe rahyo. aMte eNe gujarAtamAM vepAra karavAno paravAno meLavyo. zAhajAdA khurrama pAsethI a grejone je karAra maLyA te pramANe aMgrejone hathiyAra rAkhavAnI, potAno dharma pALavAnI ane potAnA jhaghaDAono niveDo lAvavAnI chUTa hatI, paraMtu emane ghara bAMdhavAnI manAI hatI. 1613 mAM suratanI kaThInI sthApanA bAda 1615 thI. 1618 ne gALAmAM khaMbhAta bharUca vaDedarA ane amadAvAdamAM enI zAkhAor. sthApavAmAM AvI hatI..

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-172 ] mughala kAla tri. 5mu' hiMdamAM badhAM aMgrejI vepArI thANAMonA vaDA mathaka tarIke suratanI kArI kAma karatI tethI e hiMdamAM a MgrejI sAmrAjyanA mukhya AdhAra kahevAI che. anya kAThIonA vaDAoe phaeNkaTarIenA ahevAla ApavA varSamAM eka vAra surata javAnuM thatuM. zarUAtanA AgevAnA besTa DAunTana eNDava kerija vagere sAhasika puruSa hatA. teoe porTugIjhAnI tIvra harIfAi duzmanAvaTa rAgacALA ityAdi muzkelIenA sAmanA karI suratamAM aMgrejonuM vepArI mathaka majabUta karyuM. suratanI kAThInA vahIvaTa athe presiDenTa hateA; eneA vArSika pagAra 500 pauMDa hatA. anya cAra adhikArI hatA -- ekAunTanTa-khajAnacI, vakhArane adhikArI, pasa -merinara ane sekreTarI, yurApathI AvatA musAphra keTalIka vAra videzIAnA vepArI kAThImAM rahetA. phrAyara ane viMgTananAM lakhANeA pramANe briTananI vepArI ka panI suratamAM makAnanuM bhADu varSe 60 pauMDa cUkavatI. e mALavALA makAnanA upalA bhAga nivAsa athaeN ane nIcalA bhAga dhaMdhA arthe vaparAtA. presiDenTanA AvAsa vadhu sagavaDavALA hatA. DaoN. jhAna phAyare karelA varNana pramANe paththara ane lAkaDAthI bAMdheluM makAna dezI kArIgarIthI suzaeNAbhita hatuM. mAna-pramAda arthe alAyadI vyavasthA hatI. vaLI eka sAduM devaLa paNa hatuM. ene pAdarI hiMdamAM agreja kAThIeAnA rahevAsIonI dhArmika vidhi saMpanna karatA.4 1698 nA sanadI dhArAthI briTiza pArlAmenTe koMpanInA killAo ane agatyanI kAThIomAM pAdarI rAkhavAnI vyavasthA karI ApI hatI. hiMdu AvyA pachI pAdarIe eka varSamAM pATugIjha temaja dezI bhASA zIkhI levAnI rahetI.pa 1700 mAM prArthanAnuM eka cokkasa svarUpa DAyarekaTaroe mAkalI ApyuM. hiMdIne prabhAvita karavA aMgrejo hAthI rahetA. ravivAre ane rajAnA divase dhA ika pravacana sAMbhaLyA pachI zahera bahAra udyAnamAM pharavA ke taravA jatA. zikAra karIne ke anya rIte dila bahelAvatA. svAdiSTha vAnagIo manAvavA hiMdI aMgrejI ane porTugIjha raseAdhyAne rAkavAmAM AvatA. vAnagIemAM mAkhaNu, badAma temaja aneka jAtanAM mAMsa ane phaLaneA upayAga thatA, e samaye aMgrejo cAMdInAM vAsaNAmAM bhejana karatA, kAraNa ke cInAI mATInAM ke kAcanAM vAsaNa meghAM paDatAM. mAMsa ane dArUnA atisevana ane navI AkhAhavAne kAraNe mAMdagI ane mRtyunuM pramANa vadhu hatuM. e lokeAmAM eka kahevata zarU thaI ke vyaktinuM AyuSa e cemAsAM". aMgrejo savAre barnsa vAina letA. savAranA cha vAgye devaLamAM emanI hAjarI pharajiyAta hatI. gerahAjara vyakti ardhI krAunaneA daMDapAtra banatI, prArthanA pUrI thayA bAda kAThInA daravAjA khUlatAM,

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pariziSTa 1). gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhata [173 vepAra arthe vepArIo AvatA. hiMdamAM kAma karatA aMgrejo mATe dezI bhASAnuM jJAna meLavavuM pharajiyAta hatuM. divALI prasaMge kaMpanInA nekarane vepArIo bheTasagAda ApatA. rAtribhojana pahelAMnI prArthanA veLAe presiDenTa hAjara raheto. rAte bahAra nIkaLavA presiDenTanI paravAnagI jarUrI hatI. navA vAtAvaraNanI mAThI. asara kaMpanInA juvAna nokaro para na paDe e hetuthI suratanI koThImAM kaDaka niyaMtraNa hatAM. hiMdI strIo sAthenA saMbaMdha para pratibaMdha hatuM. jahena. licarlenDa nAme kaMpanInA nekarane hiMdI strI sAthenA saMbaMdhane kAraNe chUTA thavuM paDayuM hatuM. porTugIjhoe karelI bhUle aMgreja TALavA mAMgatA hatA. kaMpanIne agiyAra nAme nekara patnI sAthe hiMda AvanAra prathama aMgreja hato. presiDenTa jeremI blekamena (1640) patnI sAthe hiMda Avyo. hiMdIo sAthe jhaghaDo karanAra aMgreja zikSApAtra banato. IMglenDa dezane ane dharmane lAMchanarUpa vartana karanAra aMgreja daMDapAtra banato. aMgrejo bhapakAthI hiMdIone AMjI nAkhavAno paNa prayatna karatA. presiDenTa tathA anya adhikArIonA gheDA, pAlakhI zaNagAravAmAM AvatAM. raunika sAMjasavAra presiDenTane salAmI ApatA. emanA adhikArIonI kabaro paNa bhavya. baMdhAtI. surata khAte aMgrejonuM kabrastAna mukhyatve porTugIjha zailIthI bAMdheluM hatuM temAM hiMdu ane muslima zailInI asaro hatI. phrAMsisa baeNTana, ekisaDasa ane AMgiyAranI kabaro bhavya hatI.' surata pAse AvelA suMvALI baMdare yuropanI prajAonAM vahANa nAMgaratAM. e baMdarane upayoga aMgrejoe zarU karyo hato. 1615 thI 16ra9 mAM kaMpanInAM, ra7 vahANa suMvALI baMdarathI laMDana javA ravAnA thayelAM. zarUAtamAM sutarAu kApaDa temaja sarakheja ane biyAnA(AgrA pAse)nI gaLInI nikAsa thatI. thoDA samaya pachI surokhAra mArI kariyANuM lAkha gAlIcA ane khAMDa paNa mokalavAmAM AvatAM. kaMpanInAM vahANa paheLA panAnuM kApaDa baMdUka sIsuM kalAI ItyAdi vastuo hiMdanA kinAre ThAlavatAM. hiMdanA kApaDane upADa IMglenDamAM hato. helenDa ane jarmanInA moMghA linanane sthAne gharavaparAza mATe hiMdanuM kApaDa sastuM paDatuM tethI kaMpanInA gumAstA hiMdamAM kApaDanAM mukhya mathaka para jatA ane dalAla temaja vaNakara sAthe karAra karatA. e karAra pramANe amuka mudatamAM amuka cokkasa bhAla kaMpanIne pUro pADavA baMdhAtA. 1630 nA bhayaMkara duSkALanI mAThI asara kaMpanInA vepAra para paDI. suratanI kokInA 21 mANasomAMthI 14 maraNAdhIna thayA. paristhitimAM porTugIjha sAthe

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*174 ] sughala phAla [tra. 5mu samAdhAnakArI valaNa akhatyAra karavAnI jarUra hatI tethI mezvAlDa kAunsila sAthe gAvA gayA te saMdhi karI. khIjI dizAmAMthI paNa ka MpanIne mAThAM pariNAma * bhAgavavAM paDayA. iMglaeNnDanA rAjAe kAna sAme kaMpanIne paravAneA ApyA. eNe zarU karelI cAMciyAgIrIne lIdhe suratanI ka MpanInI AbarUne dhakko paheAMcyA. 1670 thI zivAjInI surata-lUTane pariNAme ane tyAra bAda enA bhayane kAraNe surata-kAThInA vepArane nukasAna thatu rahyuM, enuM devuM vadhatuM gayuM. mAlanA bharAvAne kAraNe enA rakSaNanA prazna UbhA thateA. suratanA rakSaNa a mula sainya paryApta nahetuM. pariNAme aMgrejo ane phreMcAne svarakSaNa karavAnuM rahetuM. mudhala sUbedArA ane amaladArA kaMpanI pAsethI najarANAM ane bheTonI AzA rAkhatA. Ama surakSA ane mukta vepAranI dRSTie surata yeAgya banatuM gayu.. mudhalAnAM 'niyaMtraNAthI mukta rIte vepAra thaI zake evA sthaLa tarIke muMbaInI pasaMdagI kaMpanInA DAyarekaTara jeziyA cAilDe karI, 1667 mAM iMglaeNnDanA rAjAe muMbaI eTa vahIvaTa mATe kaMpanIne soMpyA. aMgrejoe e sthaLanI killebaMdI karI muMbaIne svataMtra vepArI vasAhata tarIke vikasAvI, 1687mAM aMgreja kAThIenA vaDA *mathaka tarIke suratanI kAThI kAma karatI baMdha thaI. enI oNphisa muMbaI khaseDavAmAM AvI. 1618 mAM mughala bAdazAha jahAMgIre vepAra ane vasavATanI khAtarI apAtA e patra lakhyA. 1818 mAM-barAbara 200 varSa pachI amadAvAdanA bhadra killA para yuniyana jaeNka laherAtA thaye, briTiza sAmrAjyanI bhAvI zakayatA paNa gujarAtamAM surata khAte zarU thaI kahevAya : "suratanA e bhADUtI dharamAM aMgrejoe taddana ajANye eka mahAna sAmrAjyanA pAyA nAkhyA.'7 4. phreMca vasAhata xMgI valaMdA ane aMgreja prajAnI sarakhAmaNIe phreMca hiMdanA vepAramAM meADA dAkhala thayA. I.sa. 1664 mAM phreMca vepArI ka'panI rAjA luI 14 mAnI paravAnagIthI sthapAI. e ja varSe pUrvataiyArI karavA khebara nAme phreMca surata AvyA. auraMgajhebanA pharamAnathI krU'cAne surata khAte vepAra karavAnI ane -suMvALI khAte kAThI rAkhavAnI paravAnagI maLI. tyAra pachI I.sa. 1668 mAM OMcAe vepAra zarU karyAM. ekharanI kuzaLatAne kAraNe phreMcAnA vepAra jAmyA hatA, paraMtu pachInA samayamAM ka MpanInA aMdarAaMdaranA vikhavAdane lIdhe vepAra paDI bhAMgyA. suratamAM kAI vAra phreMcA avAe phelAvI anya harIpha ka MpanIonA vepArane tADavAnA prayatna karatA; jemake 1677 mAM emaNe valaMdA ane aMgreja vacce

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-pariziSTa 1] gujarAtamAM videzI vasAhatA (105 yuddha thayuM hAvAnI avA vahetI mUkI hatI. 1719 mAM phreMcAe suratanI kreAThI baMdha karI, videzI kApaDanI meTI mAMga hAvAthI phrAMsanA vaNakaronA asaMtASa vadhI gaye|, tethI tyAMnA leAkAe hiMdanA kApaDanA vaparAza baMdha karyAM. 5. AsDeDa vasAhata oNsTriyAnI eka vepArI ka MpanI paNa 1717 mAM surata AvI hatI. e dezanA zahenazAhanA Azraya taLe eNsTeDa kaMpanI UbhI thaI. e kaMpanI viruddha pravruttio DacA ane a Mgrejoe zarU karI, chatAM zAhI paravAne ene maLyeA. paraMtu naphAkAraka vepAra na thAthI 1730 mAM sTeDa kaMpanI baMdha thaI. pATIpa 1. ratnamaNirAva bhI. joTa, khMbhAtanA itihAsa', pR. 44 2. ejana, pR. 58 3. pazcimI jagata mATe bhAratanuM pravezadvAra khaMbhAta hatuM tethI yurepanI prajAe mughalone khaMbhAtanA zahenazAha' tarIke oLakhatI. 4. H. G. Rawlinson, British Beginnings in Western India, 1579-1657, p. 18 5. Charles Fawcet, English Factories in India (Western Presidency), Vol. I, p. 270 6. H. G. Rawlinson, op. cit., p. 134. vaLI jue IzvaralAla 2. desAI, 'sUrata sAnAnI mUrata', pR. 4ra 7, H. G. Rawlinson, op. cit., p. 134 *

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pariziSTa ra gujarAtamAM marAThA sattAnA prAraMbha ane prasAra bhAratamAM 17 mI sadIneA uttarA ane aDhAramI sadInA pUrvI bhAre arAjakatAvALA hatA. mughala sAmrAjya eTaluM badhuM vistarelu` hatu` ke enA dUra dUra AvelA bhAge! para dilhIthI aMkuza rAkhavAnuM muzkela banI gayuM hatuM. dhaNA thADA mughala sUmedAra potapotAnA tAbA nIcenA pradezeA para mahAmuzkelIe aMkuza rAkhI zakatA. AvA rAjakIya vAtAvaraNamAM 17 mI sadInA uttarAdhamAM marAThA eka rAjyabaLa tarIke mughalA sAme AvyA. dhIme dhIme marAThA zakita vadhatAM. teo mughalA sAthe saMghamAM AvavA lAgyA. tee mahArASTramAMthI anya prAMtA taraskrU dhIme dhIme AgaLa vadhyA ane eka sadInA gALAmAM mudhalAne haMphAvI emanI sattAnA sthAne peAtAnI sattA sthApavA samartha banI gayA. gujarAtamAM marAThAonA AgamananI zarUAta zivAjIe surata zahera para karelI caDAI (jAnyuArI 6, 1664)thI gaNAvI zakAya. pUnA para mulAnI senA vAraMvAra hallA karatI hAvAthI eneA badalA levAnA hetuthI tathA lUMTa meLavavAnA pralAbhanathI zivAjIe A caDAI karI hatI. e samayanI ane tyAra pachI marAThA caDAIe pAchaLanA mULabhUta hetu gujarAtamAM marAThI sattA sthApI rAjya UbhuM karavAneA na hatA e spaSTa jaNAya che. 1 zivAjIe surata para karelI prathama caMDAInuM AyeAjana khUba vicArapUrvaka ane guptapaNe karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ene amala paNa kunehapUrvaka karavAmAM AvyA hatA.ra caDAI samaye surata rakSaNa vagaranuM hatuM, ene rakSaNa-dIvAla paNa na hatI.. suratane badasurata banAvIne zivAjI gayA e pachI gujarAtanA sUbedAra mahAbatakhAna potAnI senA sAthe AvI pahoMcyA. eNe suratanI rakSaNa-vyavasthA majabUta banAvavAne badale traNa lAkha jeTalI pezakaza (bakSisa) udharAvIne e jatA rahyo. zivAjInI AvI pravRttithI auraMgajhebanI dhArmika ane rAjakIya bhAvanA uzkerAI ane ene zikSA karavA dakhkhaNamAM vizALa senA mokalavAnu zarU thayuM. Ama karavAmAM eneA mULabhUta hetu marAThAone gujarAtamAM AvatA. aTakAvavAneA hateA. Ama chatAM zivAjIe khIjI vAra surata para caDAI karI

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAnA prArala... [177 (oNkaTobara 3, 1670) ane zaherane traNa divasa sudhI lUTayuM. suratanI dakSiNe AvelA pAranerA ane bAgalANa jevA nAnA killA paNa 167ra mAM kabaje karyAM. e pachInA samayamAM gujarAtamAM marAThAonA praveza khUba saraLa banyA. emane aTakAvavA mATe gujarAtane sUbedAra ke suratane phAdAra samartha na hatA, 1675 mAM marAThAoe prathama vAra ja nadA oLaMgI, TUMka samayamAM teoe gujarAta ane dakhkhaNa sarahade ane anya mahattvanA mArgo para evA aMkuza sthApI dIdhA ke teo tyAMthI potAnI senAne sahIsalAmata rIte gujarAtanA judA judA pradezA para hallA karavA mekalI zakatA. teoe A rIte dhaNA hallA karAvyA. Ama chatAM 1699 sudhI emaneA gujarAta sAthenA saMbaMdha vyavasthita dhAraNe sthapAyA na hatA. 1699 mAM satArAnA chatrapati mahArAjA rAjArAme (1689-1700 ) potAnA vizvAsu adhikArIe mAMnA eka kha`DerAva dAbhArDane bAgalANamAM ceAtha ane saradezamukhI udharAvavA mATe nImyA. dAbhADee bAgalANa uparAMta surata jillAmAMthI pazu A kara vasUla karyAM. 1703 mAM marAThAee surata para caDAI karI bhAre lUMTa meLavI, enI mAhitI suratanI aMgreja kAThInA adhyakSanA hevAlamAM jovA maLe che. 4 1705 mAM khaMDerAva dAbhADee meATI phAja sAthe na`dA pAra karI ane e mughala sainyeAne harAvyAM. e pachI eNe burahAnapuramAM potAnI TukaDI kAyama mATe rAkhI ane saurASTramAM sAraDa sudhI caDAI karI. ene dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanI mukhya madada maLI hatI.pa 1706 mAM dhanAjI jAdavanI AgevAnI nIce bharAThAonu meTu lazkara dakSiNa gujarAta para caDI AvyuM. e samaye gujarAtane sakhedAra zAhajAdA AjhamazAha ( 1701-1705) aura'gajhebanI mAMdagInA samAcAra maLatAM ekAeka dilhI gayA hatA ane gujarAtanA rakSaNanI javAbadArI enA nAyaba medAra hamIdakhAnane sAMpatA gayA hatA. marAThAonA sAmanA karavAnA hamIdakhAnanA prayAsa niSphaLa gayA, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e pote tathA saphadarakhAna khAkhI najharaalIkhAna vagere paNa marAThAonA kedI banyA. emane cheDAvavA mATe meATI rakama marAThAone ApavAmAM AvI hatI.ka uttara gujarAta para AkramaNa karyuM. dhanAjI jAdava eka bahAra rAkAyelA hatA te daramyAna bAlAjI vizvanAthe auraMgajhebanA avasAna (1707) pachI thADA samayamAM ja marAThAoe varSI sudhI anyatra gujarAta mALavAmAM thaIne pUva 4-6-12

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178] mughala kAla (pra. 5muM gujarAtamAM praveza karyo. eNe godharA ane mahudhA lUMTayAM. marAThA cheka naDiyAda ane mahemadAvAda sudhI AvI pahoMcyA hatA. marAThAonI AgeyanA samAcArathI amadAvAdanI AjubAjunA parAM-vistAranA lekae jyabhIta banI rakSaNa mATe amadAvAdamAM kevo dhasAre karyo hato enuM varNana "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhaka alI muhammadakhAna, je pote e vakhate tyAM hatAM, teNe ApeluM che. marAThAone sAmano karavA mATe amadAvAdamAM ghaNI moTI tayArI karavAmAM AvI hatI, paNa phelAyelI hatAzAthI chevaTe mughala sUbedAra ibrAhImakhAne marAThA senApati vizvanAthanI mAgaNI mujaba be lAkha ane dasa hajAra rUpiyA ApyA tyAre marAThA vidAya thayA.9 1711 mAM khaMDerAva dAbhADee bharca sudhI kUca karI, paraMtu gujarAtanA sUbedAra zAhamatakhAne marAThAone aMkalezvara AgaLa sajajaDa hAra ApI ane khAnadezanI sarahada para pAchA jatA rahevAnI pharaja pADI, paNa thoDA vakhatamAM, (1716 sudhImAM) dAbhADee burahAnapurathI surata sudhInA vepArI mArgo para pitAne aMkuza sthApI dIdho ane ghaNI jagyAe jakAtanAkAM sthApI vaNajhArAo pAsethI rakamo ugharAvI. khaMDerAvanI A prakAranI sevAonI kadara karI mahArAjA zAhue ene 1717 mAM mAnasiMha morenI jagyAe marAThI senAnA senApati nAkhyo. dAbhADenI A nimaNUka pachI ene dakhkhaNamAM bhAre kAmagIrI rahetI hevAthI eNe gujarAtamAM pitAnA vizvAsu adhikArIo kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe ane dAmAjIrAva (pahelA) gAyakavADa ane dAmAjIrAvanA bhatrIjA ane dattaka putra pilAjIrAvane prativarSa mokalIne coya jevI rakama ugharAvavAnI kAmagIrI saMpI. 1721 mAM dAmAjIrAvanuM avasAna thatAM pilAjIrAva ene uttarAdhikArI banyo. pilAjIrAve, 1732 mAM potAnuM avasAna thatAM sudhInA samayamAM gujarAtamAM AkramaNakArI pravRttio karI ane pitAnA kulanI sarvoparI sattA sthApavAne AraMbha karyo. senApati dAbhADee ene zarUAtamAM khAnadezamAM navApura khAte ghoDesavAra TukaDI sAthe nIce, paraMtu kaMthAjI kadama bAMDee e sthaLa potAnA adhikAra heThaLa Ave che evI rajUAta chatrapati zAhu pAse karatAM pilAjIrAvane tyAMthI jatA rahevAnI pharaja paDI. e pachI pilAjIrAve khAnadeza ane surata vacce sIdhe vyavahAra rAkhI zakAya e hetuthI senagaDhanI bAjumAM DuMgarALa pradezamAM pitAnuM mathaka sthApyuM ane tyAM senApati dabhADe pratinidhi tarIke e rahyo. tyAM rahIne eNe rAjapIpaLAnA rAjAnI mitratA karI nAMdeda ane sAgabArA (ji. bharUca) vacce nAnA nAnA kilA sthApavAnI paravAnagI meLavI

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha. 19 lIdhI. A uparAMta eNe paDozamAM rahetA bhIla ane kaLI lekeno pakSa laI emanA mATe kArya karyuM, ane sAthe sAthe surata para halA karavAnuM paNa cAlu rAkhyuM. 1719 mAM bhIla pAsethI sonagaDhano kile meLavA laI tyAM pilAjIrAve potAnuM vaDuM mathaka sthApyuM.8 1766 sudhI e emanuM mukhya mathaka rahyuM. 1719 thI 1723 sudhInA gALAmAM pilAjIrAve surata aThThAvIsImAMthI khaMDaNI ugharAvavAnuM kArya karyuM ane vaDodarA jillAnAM pAdarA pANI ane bhAyelI gAmanA hiMdu desAIo sAthe mitratA bAMdhI. 1724 mAM suratanA mutsaddI mInakhAne mokalelI lazkarI TukaDIne pilAjIrAve harAvI. e samaye kaMthAjI kadama bAMDee godharA ane dAhodanAM gAmaDAM tArAja karI khaMDaNa vasUla lIdhI hatI. 1725 mAM sarabulaMdakhAna sUbedAra tarIke nimAye tyAre eNe potAnA nAyaba tarIke sujAtakhAnane mUkyo ane ene gujarAta mokalavAmAM Avyo. gujarAtamAMthI badalI pAmelA sUbedAra nijhAmulu-mulkane nAyaba hamIdakhAna pitAnI sattA choDavA taiyAra na hato tethI A baMne pakSo vacce eka varSa sudhI AMtaravigraha cAle. hamIdakhAne marAThAonI madada meLavI sujAtakhAna ane enA bhAIone kramazaH harAvyA ane emanI hatyA karI. A samaya daramyAna kaMthAjI kadama bAMDee viramagAma para caDAI karI, kAraNa ke mahI nadInI uttare AvelAM tamAma paragaNuonI cotha ene ApavAnuM vacana mughala subedAre ApyuM hatuM, paraMtu enuM pAlana karavAmAM AvyuM na hatuM. viramagAmanA nivAsI udayakaraNa desAIe dIrdhadaSTi vAparI sADA traNa lAkha rUpiyA jeTalI khAnadAnI udharAvI ne bAMDene ApI ane je rakama vadhI temAMthI eNe pharatI rakSaNa dIvAla pachInA samayamAM baMdhAvI lIdhI. 10 suratano phojadAra rastamaalIkhAna, je vaDodarA ane peTalAdane phejadAra paNa hato, teNe pilAjIrAvanA halAono sAmano karavA prayAsa karyo, paraMtu emAM saphaLatA na maLavAthI ene pilAjIrAva sAthe samAdhAna karavAnI pharaja paDI hatI. rustamaalIkhAnane hamIdakhAna sAme pilAjIrAvanI madada joItI hatI. pilAjIrAve ene madada ApavAnuM vacana ApI madada ApavAno dekhAva karyo ane aDAsa sudhI sAthe gayo. sAmI bAjue hamIdakhAnanA pakSe kaMthAjI kadama bAMDe hate. baMne pakSe sAmasAmAM rahelA pilAjIrAva ane kaMthAjI aDAsanI laDAImAM bhAga na letAM prekSaka banI rahyA. hamIdakhAna ane rUstamaalI khAna

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180] mughala kAla pri. 5 muMekabIjA sAme laDavA, jenA aMte hamIdakhAnane kaMthAjInuM zaraNuM levAnI pharaja paDI hatI naDiyAda pAse vaso AgaLa thayelI laDAImAM (phebruArI 10, 1725) rustamaalI khAna mAryo gayo. vijetA banelA hamIdakhAne kaMthAjI ane pilAjIrAvane gya badalo Apo. je karAra thayA te anusAra mahI nadInI uttare AvelAM paragaNAonI cotha kaMthAine ane mahI nadInI dakSiNe AvelAM paragaNAonI cotha pilAjIrAvane ApavAmAM AvI. A karArathI gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne bhayaMkara phaTako paDyo. A pachI hamIdakhAne amadAvAda para pitAne kAbU jamAvI dIdho. bIjI bAju marAThAoe pitapotAnA adhikAra nIcenA pradezamAM ghUmI vaLI lUMTaphATa calAvI ane khaMDaNI ugharAvI. A badhA samAcAra dilhI pahoMcatAM mughala bAdazAhe sarabulaMdakhAnane gujarAta mokalyo. eNe AvI, saphadarakhAna bAbI ane jodhapuranA mahArAjA abhayasiMha sAthe saMgaThana karI marAThAone pahelAM sojitrA ane pachI kapaDavaMja khAte harAvyA. marAThAonA pakSamAM hamIdakhAna pilAjIrAva ane kaMthAjI kadama hatA. A samaye paristhiti evI gaMbhIra banI hatI ke marAThAone gujarAtamAMthI nIkaLI javuM paDaze evuM lAgatuM hatuM, paraMtu A arasAmAM ja pezavAnAM lazkaree uttara gujarAtamAM IDara bAjuthI praveza karI, vaDanagara pahoMcI tyAM lUMTaphATa karI ane e samRddha nagarane barabAda karyuM. sarabulaMdakhAna gujarAtamAM lagabhaga pAMca varSa (1726-30) rahyo, paNa e gujarAtamAMthI marAThAone hAMkI kADhavAnI enI mukhya kAmagIrI pAra pADI zakyo nahi; UlaTuM, emanI sAthe samAdhAna karavuM paDayuM. 1726 mAM eNe kaMthAine amadAvAda ane havelI paragaNA sivAya mahI nadInI uttare AvelAM tamAma paragaNuMonI cAtha ApavA karAra karI Ape. A samaye zAha rAjAnA darabAramAM pezavA bAjIrAva pahele senApati dAbhADene kado harIpha banyuM hatuM ane enI mahecchA senApatinI pratiSThAne dhULamAM meLavI daI gujarAtanI mabalaka Avaka Apate cothane adhikArapatAne mATe laI levAnI hatI, tethI e pramANe peravI karI rahyo hato. 1726 mAM ja eNe pitAnA pratinidhi udAjI pavArane mALavAmAMthI gujarAtamAM mokale, paNa pilAjIrAve ane kaMthAjIe saMyukta banI ene gujarAta cheDI javA pharaja pADI. A vakhate kaMthAjInA dattaka putra kRSNa pAvAgaDhane kile kabaje karyo ane tyAM pitAnuM mathaka sthApyuM. 12 bIjA varSe pezavAe potAnA bhAI cimaNAjIne

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha... [181 gujarAtamAM mokalyo. cimAjIe cotha mATe vATAghATo calAvI, paNa enI zarato nakkI thaI zakI nahi. 13 1729 mAM cimAjI karI gujarAtamAM Avyo ane kayAjInA lazkara pAsethI pAvAgaDha jItI laI (1730), eNe peTalAda khaMbhAta ane dhoLakA jaI luTaphATa karI. | gujarAtane sUbedAra sarabulaMdakhAna marAThAonAM AkramaNono sAmano karavA asamartha banI gayo hato. dilhI taraphathI paNa kaI madada AvatI na hatI. eka bAjuthI pezavAne, to bIjI bAjue pilAjIrAva ane kaMthAine upadrava vadhato jato hato, senApati dAbhADenA pratinidhio(kaMthAjI ane pilAjIrAva)nAM varSo varSa thatAM AkramaNa khALavA mATe pezavA sAthe karAra karavAnuM yogya mAnI eNe pezavA sAthe vidhisara karAra karyA (mArca 23, 1730). A karArathI eNe pezavAne jamIna ane baMdarI jakAtonA AkhA mahesUla para saradezamukhI ApI; emAMthI mAtra surata ane surata jillAne bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. vaLI uparanI mahesUlI AvakamAMthI cotha ane amadAvAdanA mahesUlamAMthI pAMca TakA kara ApavAnuM svIkAryuM. AnA badalAmAM zivA potAnuM 2500 jeTaluM hayadaLa gujarAtamAM rAkhe, khaMDaNInI vasUlAta saraLatAthI ane raMjADa karyA vagara kare, ane gujarAtamAM mughala sattA TakAvI rAkhavA chatrapati zAhu (eTale kepilAjIrAva jevA marAThA saradAro) gujarAtanI baMDakhora prajA ( arthAt desAIo, jamInadAro vagere)ne madada Ape te pezavA ene aTakAvaze evI kabUlAta karavAmAM AvI. 1730 no A karAra, 1726 thI 1729 daramyAna marAThAo (pezavA ke dAbhADe, kathAjI, pilAjIrAva vagere) sAthe thayelI samajUtIo tema karAra, 14 jene amala karavAmAM Avyo na hato, tenA aMtarUpe hatA. A ja karArathI eka varSa bAda senApati dAbhADe ane pezavA vacce gujarAtamAM sazastra athaDAmaNa thaI hatI. 18 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM saurASTra vistAranI rAjakIya paristhiti bhAre aMdhAdhUMdhI-bharI hatI. tyAMnA nAnAmoTA rAjAo saradAro vagere ekabIjA sAme ane vizeSa karIne paDozI rAjyasattAo sAme satata saMgharSamAM rahetA. nabaLA paDozI rAjyanuM mahesUla jeTaluM bane teTaluM paDAvI levA mATe baLavAna paDozI rAjya haMmezAM taiyAra rahevuM ane asahAya prajA pAsethI emanuM rakSaNa karavAnA bahAne khaMDaNI ugharAvI letuM. AvI paristhitimAM dAmAjIrAve saurASTramAM ghaNI caDAI karI. mughalenI jema mulukagIrI dvArA leka pAsethI khaMDaNI ugharAvI. dAmAjIrAve 1730nA arasAmAM saurASTramAM praveza karyo tyAre amarelI nagara para traNa pakSene-jebaliyA jUthanA kAThIo, keTalAka saiyade ane jUnAgaDhanA pheja

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182 ] mughala kAla | zra. 5 mu dArAne--aMkuza hatA. dAmAjIrAve amarelI para nAkhelI khaMDaNIne bhAga, je kAThIeAnA hisse AvatA hatA te, teo bharI na zakavAthI tenI jamIna soMpI devA emane dAmAjIrAve ja pADI, evI ja rIte saiyadA pAsethI paNa jamIna paDAvI lIdhI. pAchaLanA samayamAM jUnAgaDhanA phAjadAraneA aMkuza paNa nAbUda karavAmAM AvyA. A samaye lAThInA ThAkAre potAnI dIkarI dAmAjIrAva sAthe paraNAvI ane dahejamAM cabhAriyA ane enI najIka AvelAM khIjA cha gAma ApyAM. cariyA gAmane potAnA nAma uparathI 'dAmanagara' nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. samaya jatAM A vistAramAM gAyakavADI sattA dRDha banI, saramula dukhAtanA anugAmI sUmedAra mahArAjA abhayasiMha gujarAtamAM maraDAone AvatA aTakAvavA mATe ane emanI lUTamrATanI pravRttione DAmI devA mATe vividha mArgo apanAvatA rahyA, paraMtu chevaTe teo sadaMtara niSphaLa gayA. abhayasa nA samayamAM senApati khaMDerAva dAbhADenI vidhavA umAbAIe paNu vizALa lazkara sAthe AvIne amadAvAdane bhayamAM mUkayuM hatu, jemAM meTI rakama ApIne umAbAIne vidAya ApavI paDI hatI. potAnI kAmagIrImAM maLelI nirAzAyI ane dilhI taraphathI koI mada na maLatI hAvAthI mahArAjA abhayasihe chevaTe gujarAta heADavu. ane eneA havAlA ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne soMpyA. bAjIrAvanA bhAI cimaNAjIe sarakhulaMdakhAna sAthe karelA karArathI satArA darabAramAM kharAba pratyAghAta paDayA. hamIdakhAnanA samayathI senApati dAbhADe ane enA madadanIzA khAMDe tathA gAyakavADane mahI nadInI uttare ane dakSiNe AvelAM paragaNAMemAM ceAtha udharAvavAnA adhikAra apAyelA hatA, AthI tryaMbakarAva dAbArDa ane pezavA vacce ugra matabheda sarjAya, pezA potAnI siddhimAM makkama rahyo. dAlArDane lAgyuM ke peAtAne have satArAnA darabAramAM nyAya maLaze nahi tethI eNe nijhAma sAthe bAjIrAva sAme mecA UbhA karyA. bAjIrAvanA sarvopari sattA jemane khUoMcatI hatI tevA asa MtuSTa marAThA sarArA pilAjIrAva, ke thAi khAMDe, udAjI pavAra, kAnhAjI bheAMsale vagere dAbhArDanA pakSe joDAyA, tryaMbakarAve nijhAma sAthe karelA sahayAgathI rASe bharAyelA rAjA zAhue ene pAtAnI samakSa hAjara karavA pezavAne jaNAvyuM. ene hetu dAbhArDane samajAvaTa dvArA potAnA pakSe lAvavAnA hateA. 15 dAbhADene makkamatApUrNAMka sAmano karavA bAjIrA gujarAtamAM AvyA ane mahArAjA abhayasaMhanA sahakAra meLavyA.16 enI a dAbhADe vacce bhIlApura (DabhoI tAlukA, ji. vaDedarA) gAme mATI laDAI thaI (eprila 1, 1731) temAM tryaMbakarAva dagAbAjInA kAraNe mAryA gaye|17 a

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAno prAra'la... [193 ghavAyelA pilAjIrava mahAmuzkelIe medAna cheADI jaI zako. pezavAne A laDAImAM javalaMta vijaya maLyeA. tryaMbakarAvane senApatinA hoddo enA sagIra putra yazavaMtarAvane ApavAmAM AvyA ane enA mutAlika athavA nAyaba tarIke upalAjIrAvane nImavAmAM AvyA ane eta senA-khAsa-khela'nA khitAba ApavAmAM AvyA. gujarAtanI badhI ja mahesUlI AvakanI vyavasthA yaza tarAvavatI pilAjIrAva karatA hatA. A javAbadArI pilAjIrAvanI hatyA (mArca, 1732) pachI enA putra dAmAjIrAve, 1753 mA umAbAInuM avasAna thatAM sudhI, vaphAdArIpUrvaka saMbhALI hatI. mahArAjA abhayasiMhane pilAjIrAva sAme bhAre niSphaLatA maLI hatI. pilAjIrAve tAjetaramAM vaDeAdarA ane DabhAI meLavyAM hatAM, e kha'DaNI udharAvavA DAkAra(DAsarA tAlukA-kheDA jillA)mAM AvyA tyAre enI sAthe vATAghATe karavAnA bahAne kAvataruM racI abhayasiddhe potAnA pratinidhio dvArA pilAjIrAvanI hatyA karAvI, 18 pilAjIrAvanI a Mtima kriyA sAvalI(ji. vaDodarA )mAM karavAmAM AvI, jyAM emanuM smAraka karavAmAM AvyuM. pillAjIrAvanI hatyA karAvyA bAda abhayasa hai vaDodarA khaje karyuM' ane e zerakhAna bAbIne sAMpyuM, ema chatAM gAyakavADanA lazkara tAbAnuM DabheAI kabaje karavAmAM e asaphaLa rahyo. pilAjIrAva pachI enA putra dAmAjIrAva (ra jAe) pitAnI jagyA saMbhALI laI gujarAtane vahIvaTa lagabhaga 36 varSa (1732-68) calAvyA. e daramyAna eNe gujarAtamAM gAyakavADanA sarvopari sattAvALA rAjayanI sthApanA karI. 1733 mAM umAbAIe kathA" khAMDe ane gAyakavADane sAthe rAkhIne meTI lazkarI caDAI karI amadAvAdane bhayamAM mUkayuM. mahArAjA abhayasiMha ene sAmata karavAmAM niSphaLa jatAM gujarAtanI ceAtha ane saradezamukhI ate 80,000 rUpiyAnuM vacana ApI samAdhAna karyuM . dAmAjIrAva zerakhAna khAkhI pAsethI vaDAdarA pAchuM meLavavA khUba Atura hatA. 1734 mAM jyAre zerakhAna peAtAnI bAlAsinAra( paMcamahAla jillA )nI jAgIramAM hatA tyAre pilAjIrAve vaDAdarA najIka Avela pAdarAnA peAtAnA jUnA mitra desAInI madadathI e kabaje karyu.19 abhayasi MhA nAyamma ratasiMha bhaMDArI ane khabhAtanA meAmInakhAna vAdarAne bacAvI zakavAmAM meDA paDayA. e samayathI 1949 sudhI vaDodarA gAyakavADInA kabajAmAM rahyuM. upara joyA pramANe

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84]. mughala kAla pri. 5 muM umAbAIe dAmAjIrAvane mahI nadInA uttare AvelAM potAnA bhAganAM paragaNAonI (kaMthAjInAM paragaNAone bAda karatAM) cotha ugharAvavAnI kAmagIrI soMpI hatI. dAmAjIrAve e kAma potAnA nAyaba raMgojIne soMpyuM. A samaye kaMthAjI pezavA pakSe jato rahyo hato. 1735 mAM viramagAmamAMthI mughalenI sattA dUra karI dAmAjIrAve e jItI lIdhuM. AmAM ene e paragaNunA desAI bhAvasiMhe ghaNI madada karI hatI. saurASTranA pravezadvAra samuM A prAcIna nagara mughalee kAyama mATe gumAvyuM. A varSe ja marAThAoe kapaDavaMja kheDA jillo) para kabaje jamAvI dIdho hato. Ama jaNAze ke 1706 mAM thayela dhanAjI jAdavanA prathama AkramaNathI mAMDIne 1735 sudhImAM gujarAtamAM marAThAonI sattAnuM vistaraNa uttara gujarAta sudhI thaI gayuM hatuM ane saurASTramAM emanA khaMDaNInA hakka sthapAI gayA hatA. Ama chatAM gujarAtamAM mughalenA zAsanane aMta na Avyo, kAraNa ke amadAvAda para emanI pakaDa majabUta hatI. e rakSaNAtmaka dIvAla gaDha vagerethI saMrakSAyeluM hatuM. A uparAMta bharUca surata ane khaMbhAta jevAM mahatvanAM badara emanA tAbAmAM hatAM. 1736 mAM mahArAjA abhayasiMhanA nAyaba ratanasiMha bhaMDArI sAme khaTapaTe zarU thaI. enuM zAsana julamI hevAthI khaMbhAtanA phejadAra momInakhAne sUbedAra-pada potAne maLe evI khaTapaTo dilhI darabAramAM karatAM emAM e saphaLa thayA. ratanasiMha pAsethI amadAvAdane kabajo meLavavA momInakhAne marAThAonI madada levA vicAryuM. pUratI lazkarI madadanA badalAmAM eNe dAmAjIrAvane gujarAta prAMtanuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAne karAra karyo. emAMthI amadAvAda zahera, havelI (paragaNu), khaMbhAta nagara ane khaMbhAtanA baMdarI mahesUlane bAkAta rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. Traka samayamAM momInakhAna tathA javAMmadakhAnanAM ane dAmAjIrAva vatI ragejInAM lazkara e amadAvAdane ghero ghAle. A ghere nava mahinA (ogasTa 1736 thI me 1737) sudhI cAlyo. daramyAnamAM dAmAjIrAva paNa jAte Avyo. ratanasiMhe dAmAjIrAvane potAnA pakSe levA pralebhana karatI zarato mokalAvI temAM samagra prAMtanuM (amadAvAda. havelI paragaNuM ane khaMbhAta sahita) mahesUla ApavAnI darakhAsta hatI. dAmAjIrAve Ane barAbara lAbha uThAvyuM. eNe momInakhAnane A darakhAstonI jANa karI. dAmAjIrAvanI mitratA jALavI rAkhavA pote uparanI zaratone svIkAra kare che ema momInakhAne darzAvyuM. vadhumAM eNe vIramagAma paranA avibhAjita aMkuza saMbaMdhI potAne aDadhA bhAgane hakka jato karavAnI zarate enA badalAmAM khaMbhAtanI aDadhI mahesUlI Avaka mAgI. dAmAjIrAve momIna

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAno prAraMbha... [85 khAnanI A zaratone svIkAra karyo.2* Ama gujarAtanA sUbedAra banavAnI mahecchA rAkhatA momInakhAne moTe bhoga Aye, jenAthI gujarAtamAM kSINa banatI jatI mughala sattAne prANaghAtaka phaTako paDyo. dilhI taraphathI hukame sivAya lazkarI madada ke nANAkIya sahAya na AvatAM ane comAsuM najIka AvatuM joI temaja ghero vadhu majabUta banyo hovAthI vastuonI taMgI pravartatAM chevaTe ratanasiMha bhaMDArIe momInakhAna sAthe vATAghATa karI; e mujaba eNe eka lAkha rUpiyA ane potAnI pheja tathA mAlasAmAna laI amadAvAda choDayuM (me 25, 1737). zarata mujaba momInakhAne ane dAmAjIrAva vatI raMgojIe pote potAnA aDadhA bhAga jeTalA amadAvAda para kabajo sthApI dIdho. 21 ratanasiMhanI vidAya pachI vijetA banela momInakhAna hakIkatamAM ane kAyadesara gujarAtane sUbedAra ba. 1737 thI 1753 sudhI amadAvAdamAM mughale ane marAThAonuM dizAsana cAlyuM temAM amadAvAdanuM mahesUla ja nahi, paNa vahIvaTItaMtra paNa sarakhA hisse baMne vacce vaheMcAyuM hatuM. amadAvAdane dakSiNane aDadho bhAga ane cha daravAjA (rAyakhaDa, nadI parane khAnajahAMna, jamAlapura, dakSiNa taraphano baMdha daravAjo, AsToDiyA ane rAyapura) para aMkuza raMgejIne soMpavAmAM Avyo hato. baMne pakSo vacce saMyukta vahIvaTanA kAraNe nAnAmoTA jhaghaDA thatA, paraMtu enuM samAdhAna thaI jatuM ane momInakhAna jIvyo (I.sa. 1743) tyAM sudhI baMne vacce sukhada saMbaMdha jaLavAI rahyA hatA. 138-39nA samayamAM jyAre amadAvAda para dizAsana sthapAI cUkyuM hatuM tyAre pezavA bAjIrAva pahelA ane enA bhAIee, uttara koMkaNa ane dakSiNa gujarAtanA dariyAkAMThAnA jillAomAM AvelA phiraMgI pradeza laI lIdhA hatA. emAM sAlaseTa TApu vasaI ane damaNunI hakUmatavALA moTA bhAganA vistArane samAveza thato hato. 1740 mAM viramagAmamAMthI marAThAone hAMkI kADhavAne prayAsa tyAMnA bhAvasi ha desAIe karyo, paraMtu samAdhAna karavAnI pharaja paDI hatI. e anusAra kacchanI sAthe joDAyelAM ceDAM gAmaDAM bhAvasiMhane ApavAmAM AvyAM. 22 enA badalAmAM viramagAma nagara ane paragaNA parano bAkIne bhAga marAThAone seMpavAmAM Avyo. 1741 mAM dAmAjIrAve bharUcane kille ane nagara je nijhAma-ul-mukanI jAgIra tarIke hatAM te, jItI levA ghero ghAlyo. nijhAme enI sAthe samAdhAna karavAnI taiyArI batAvatAM dAmAjIrAvane bharUcanI - mahesUlI ane baMdaranI jakAtI Avakane 3/5 bhAga tathA jaMbusara daheja bArA

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18] mughala kAla jhi.5 muM ane kerala paragaNAnuM aDadhuM mahesUla ApavAmAM AvyuM. pAchaLathI sudhAro karavAmAM AvatAM 2/3 bhAga jeTaluM mahesUla karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 1743 mAM mamInakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM mughala bAdazAhe navA sUbedAranI nimaNUka na thAya tyAM sudhI svargastha momInakhAnanA bhANeja phidAuddInakhAna ane momInakhAnanA putra mutakhIrakhAnane saMyukta rahI vahIvaTa calAvavAne hukama karyo. A vakhate AnaMdarAva nAmanA hiMdue raMgojI sAthe maLI jaI raMgajI samagra amadAvAda para kabajo jamAvI le e mATe khaTapaTo karI, paraMtu ema karavA jatAM AnaMdarAvane bUrI hAlata bharavuM paDayuM ane raMgajIne zerakhAna bAbInA cokIpaherA nIce kedI banavuM paDayuM. e sthitimAM raMgejIne viramagAma ane be rasadanA killA mughalane soMpI devA kabUra thavuM paDayuM. raMgejIne keda pakaDI enI pAsethI dasa lAkhathI ochI nahi tevI rakama amadAvAdanA sUbedAre (phidAudIne) bhAgI che e patra (me 31, 1743) khaMbhAtanI aMgreja keThI taraphathI suratanA jemsa hepane lakhAyo hato. temAM e kAryane badale dAmAjIrAva "mura" (a greja) loke para sakhatAI ane ghAtakIpaNe leze evo bhaya batAvavAmAM Avyo hato. 23 thoDA vakhata pachI pATaNanA javAMmardakhAna bAbIe kunehathI gujarAtanI sUbedArI potAne hAtha karI letAM sarjAyelI avyavasthAne lAbha laI raMgejI zerakhAnanI pakaDamAMthI chUTI jaI potAnA gaDha berasadamAM jaI paheo. phidA u. dInane patra lakhI tAjetaramAM dAmAjIrAvanI mAlamilakata luMTavA ane anya nukasAna karavA badala be lAkha rUpiyAnI mAgaNI dhamakI sAthe mUkI. A samaye. ja javAMmardakhAne navA sUbedAra tarIke sattA hAthamAM laI lIdhI. A arasAmAM dAmAjIrAvane bhAI khaMDerAva borasada AvyuM. raMgejI ane khaMDerAve bhegA maLIne peTalAdane ghere ghA ane mughala phejadAra pAsethI e laI lIdhuM. navA mahinA bAda raMgajIe javAMmardakhAna pAsethI e vidhisara laI lIdhuM. 1743 thI amadAvAda, surata ane khaMbhAtanA sthAnika muslima umarAmAM sattA mATenI sAThamArI ane zatruo emAM paNa vizeSa karIne marAThAo sAthe karavAmAM AvatAM kAmacalAu joDANa ane judA paDavAnI tathA bhaMgANa paDavAnI. prakriyA cAlu rahI 1749 mAM tArAmAM rAjA zAhanuM avasAna thayuM ane tyAM tArAbAI ane pezavA bAlAjIrAva vacce bhAre saMgharSa jo. 1751 mAM pezavAe yazavaMtarAva dabhADe pAse gujarAtanA aDadhA pradezonI mAgaNI karI, paraMtu dabhADenA mutAlika tarIke dAmAjIrAve ene nakArI kADhI. A samaye tArAbAIe dAmAjIrAvane

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pariziSTa 2) gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha. 18 dakhaNamAM potAnI madade bolAvatAM e tyAM gayA. pezavA sAthenI pahelI laDAImAM e cho, paraMtu bIjI laDAImAM enI hAra thaI. pezavAe ene pUnAmAM keda karIne gujarAtanI khaMDaNInI aDadhI rakama tathA enA moTA bhAganA pradeza ApavA jaNAvyuM, paNa dAmAjIrAve spaSTa jaNAvyuM ke gujarAta e senApati dAbhADenuM eTale ke umAbAI dabhADenuM che ane huM to ene nekara (mutAlika) chuM, tethI kaMI paNa ApI zakAya nahi.24 dAmAjIrAvanA kArabhArIe ene kedamAMthI choDAvavAne prayAsa karyo, paNa e niSphaLa jatAM pezavAe dAmAjIrAvane vadhu kaDaka cekIpaherA nIce rAkhyo. AvI sthitimAM dAmAjIrAva lagabhaga dasa mahinA rahyo. eNe samagra paristhitino tAga meLavI lIdho. ene thayuM ke gujarAtamAM enI hAjarInI ghaNI jarUra che, tethI zivAnI zaratene svIkAra karyo (mArca 30 1752). baMne vacce thayelI zarato TUMkamAM AvI hatI : (1) gujarAta parano senApati dAbhADene hakkadAvo saMpUrNa paNe choDI devAmAM Avyo, (2) gujarAtamAM mAtra eka ja marAThA pratinidhi tarIke dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADa rahe ane e senA- " khAsa-khela'nuM biruda bhogave, (3) dAmAjIrAva gujarAtanA aDadhA pradeza ApavAnuM svIkAre ane bhaviSyamAM je kAMI pradeza jItI levAmAM Ave tene paNa aDadhA bhAga pezavAne Ape, (4) khaMDaNInI caDelI rakama tarIke 15 lAkha rUpiyA dAmAjIrAva pezavAne ApavA, (5) pezavAne jyAre jarUra paDe tyAre dasa hajAra ghoDesavAra daLathI dAmAjIrAve vaphAdArIpUrvaka madada ApavI, ane (6) senApatinA nibhAvakharca mATe paNuM vArSika amuka rakama ApavI evuM nakkI thayuM. Ama pradeza ane rakamanI dRSTie joIe te zivA ane gAyakavADa darekane vArSika Avaka rUpiyA pacAsa lAkhanI maLe evI rIte vibhAjana thayuM hatuM. 25 tArAbAIne paNa A karAra pAchaLathI kabUla rAkhavo paDyo hato. pezavA ane dAmAjIrAva vacce je pradezanI vahecaNI thaI temAM amadAvAda ane surata jevAM zahera paNa vaheMcI levAmAM AvyAM hatAM. bharUca ane enA paragaNAnuM mahesUla gAyakavADane ane jabusara tathA dahejabArA pezavAne bhaLe. evuM nakkI thayuM hatuM. saurASTrane paNa mahesUla ugharAvavA mATe dhyAnamAM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. soraTha gohilavADa hAlAra ane jhAlAvADa mahAlemAM mulukagIrI mATe caDAIo mokalavAne hakka svIkAravAmAM Avyo ane baMnenAM lazkara kayA pradezamAM jAya e paNa nakkI karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mAMgaroLa(raTha) 1737 thI 1749 sudhI marAThAonA kabajA nIce hatuM. e pachI tyAM kAcha-zekhanuM zAsana sthapAyuM hatuM 26 eTale e vaheMcaNamAMthI bAkAta rahyuM hatuM.

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-188] mughala kAla [. 5 muM saurASTramAM rAjya karatA aneka nAnAmoTA rAjAo saradAra vagere mATe A pheraphAra mughala adhInatAne sthAne marAThAonuM varcasa svIkAravAne ane emanI sattAne svIkAra karI emane khaMDaNI ApavA jevo hato. Ama gujarAta aMge pezavAe dAmAjIrAva pAsethI meLavelA adhikAro ane hakko, 1817 mAM pUnAnI saMdhi thatAM sudhI, enI pAse rahyA. e saMdhimAM prastuta adhikAro ane hakkanI vaheMcaNI aMgreja sarakAra ane gAyakavADa vacce karavAmAM AvI hatI. 175ra nA upayukta karAra bAda pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAvane nAno bhAI raghunAtharAva, je marAThA ItihAsamAM rAbAnA nAmathI prakhyAta banyuM te, enA prathama pratinidhi tarIke gujarAtamAM AvyuM. e 1783 sudhI gujarAtanA rAjakAraNamAM gADha rIte bhAga leto rahyo. potAne chuTakAro thayA bAda dAmAjIrAva paNa gujarAtamAM AvyA. gujarAtamAM AvelA raghunAtharAva ane dAmAjIrAve saMyukta banI amadAvAda jItI levA vicAryuM. je samaye javAMmardakhAna sAbarakAMThA ane banAsakAMThAnA jillAomAM AvelA paragaNAmAMthI khaMDaNI vasUla karI rahyo hato te samaye radhunAtharAva ane dAmAjIrAve amadAvAdane uttara pUrva ane dakSiNa bAjuothI gherI lIdhuM. javAMmardakhAne turata ja amadAvAda pahoMcI rakSaNavyavasthA karI, paNa emAM ene saphaLatA maLI nahi. javAMmardakhAnane marAThAo sAthe saMdhi karavI paDI (mArca 30, 1753), e mujaba pATaNa zahera ane bIjA dasa mahAlapATaNa vaDanagara vijApura visalanagara tharAda kherALu samI muMjapura rAdhanapura ane tharavADAne javAMmardakhAnanI jAgIra tarIke svIkAravAmAM AvyAM. tyAM koI paNa -marAThA lazkarane javAno ke pezavAnA pratinidhine ghAsa ane khorAkI bhAgavAne adhikAra raheze nahi ema kabUlavAmAM AvyuM. enA badalAmAM javAMmardakhAna -amadAvAda cheDI potAnI jAgIramAM jatA rahe ema nakkI thayuM. atre e nedhavuM joIe ke AvI bAMhedharI ApI hovA chatAM dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADe dasa varSa bAda javAMmardakhAnanA putro pAsethI rAdhanapura ane samI sivAyanA badhA mahAla laI lIdhA hatA. javAMmardakhAne bhadrane durga khAlI karyo (eprila 1, 1753) ane amadAvAdamAMthI nIkaLavAnI taiyArI karI. marAThAoe amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo (eprila 5, 1753) ane javAmardakhAna amadAvAda choDI jato rahyo.27 amadAvAda kabaje thavAthI gujarAtamAM mughala sattAne lagabhaga aMta AvI gayo. rAbA

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha.. [189 ane dAmAjIrAve amadAvAdamAM praveza karyo (eprila 7) ane zaheranuM vahIvaTI taMtra goThavyuM. pezavAno adhikAra prathama vAra ja A rIte rathapAye hato. dAmAjIrAvanuM sthAna bIjI kakSAnuM hatuM. eNe potAnA pratinidhi tarIke sevakarAmanI nimaNUka karI ane pezavAnA pratinidhinA adhikAra nIce zaheranuM rakSaNa karavA mATe lakarI kharca peTe dara mahine cha hajAra rUpiyA ApavAnuM svIkAryuM. 28 A vyavasthA 1817 sudhI cAlu rahI hatI. 29 raghunAtharAve amadAvAda para pezavAne aMkuza thApI dIdhuM chatAM mughala sattA phakta nAma pUratI pAMca varSa TakI rahI. 1756 mAM thayelA bhAre varasAdanA kAraNe amadAvAdanI rakSaNa-dIvAlemAM ThekaThekANe gabhIra nukasAna thayuM hatuM. e samaye raghunAtharAva dihI tarapha lazkarI pravRttiomAM rokAyelA hato, amadAvAdamAM jhAjhuM lazkara paNa na hatuM. A paristhitino lAbha uThAvI khaMbhAtane momInakhAna amadAvAda jatI levA ahIM Avyo. amadAvAdamAM rahela pezavAno pratinidhi sadAziva dAdara ane dAmAjIrAvane pratinidhi baMne momInakhAna sAme TakI zakyA nahi. amadAvAda traNa varSa sAta mahinA (eprila 1, 1753 thI oNkaTobara 16, 1756) marAThAonA kabajAmAM rahyA bAda mughalonA hAthamAM puna: gayuM.* amadAvAda momInakhAnanA hAthamAM gayuM te samaye bhAratamAM pezavA bAlAjI bAjIrAva rAjakIya prabhutva dharAvato hate. momInakhAnanI pravRttio ane amadAvAdanA patananA samAcAra jANI e bhAre roSe bharAye ane zaktizALI lazkara sAthe sadAziva rAmacaMdrane pUrA adhikAra sAthe gujarAtamAM mokalyo. dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADane paNa ene sahakAra ApavA jaNAvAyuM. sadAzivarAve 1757 nA jAnyuArImAM gujarAtamAM praveza karyo tenI sAthe dAmAjIrAva ane pATaNano javAMmardakhAna paNa potapotAnA lazkara sAthe joDAyA. traNa pakSanA saMyukta lazkare amadAvAdane ghero ghAlyo. 14 mAsanA gherA bAda momInakhAna zaraNe Avyo ane amadAvAda marAThAonA kabajAmAM pharI AvI gayuM, tyAM pezavAnI sarvoparitA sthapAI, je ke dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanA amuka adhikAra ane hakako tyAM cAlu rahyA hatA. amadAvAdano vahIvaTa 1758 pachI pezavA, taraphathI moklavAmAM AvatA pratinidhi dvArA thato rahyo.

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1Y=0] mughala kAla pAdaTIpa 1. G. H. Desai and A. B. Clarke, Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Vol. I, p. 1 2. G. S. Sardesai;, New History of the Marathas, Vol. 1, p. 151 3. mIrAte ehamadI', graM. 1 (guja. anu. nijhAmakhAna paThANa), pR. 264-65 4. W. G. Forrest, Selections, Home Series, Vol. I, pp. 248-49, 252 pa. rUA. nA. ATe, zrI mahArAnA sayAnIrAva gAyavAka (tiso) cAMce caritra, 13 1, pR. 1 [pra. pakSu' 6. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. Il, pp. 211-12 7. juo upara, pR. 89-89. 8. pilAjarAvane enA kArabhArI khase li`gadeve salAha ApI hatI ke have peAtAnA uparI adhikArIthI svataMtra banI jAo ane tamArI svataMtra sattAnI sthApanA karo. . . civaTTuLara, zraminaya sayAnI, bru. 32; ATe, karyu, vrUM. 1, pR. 8 9. Gazetteer of the Baroda state, Vol. I, p. 438 10. 'mirAte ahamadI', (guja. anu. phu, meA. jhaverI), vaeNA. 2, khaMDa 1, pR. 78-79 11. ejana, pR. 111-112 13. baMne pakSA vacce 20mI phebruArI 1727 mAM karAra thayA che, paNa pilAjI ane kathAnA virodhanA kAraNe enA jue V. G. Dighe, Peshwa Baji Rao I pansion, p. 30 and note. 17. Sardesai, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 140, note 18. 'mirAte ahamadI', tA. 2, kha'. 1, pR. 175 76 12. ejana, pR. 127 heAvAnu kahevAmAM AvyuM amala thaI zakayo nahi. and Maratha Ex 14. vigatA mATe, jue James Grant Duff, History of the Mahrattas, Vol. I, (Ed. by G. P. Guha), pp 280-281; and V. G. Dighe, op. cit., pp. 32-33 and notes. 15. G. S. Sardesai, op. ct., Vol. II, P, 137 16. J. H. Gense and D. R. Banaji, The Gaikwads of Baroda, Vol. 1, pp. 10-11

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pariziSTa 2] gujarAtamAM marAThI sattAne prAraMbha.. [1 19. ejana, khaMDa 2, 5, 206-07 20. ejana, khaMDa 2, pR. 270-71 22. Gense and Banaj, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 26 22. pATaDI cothA varganuM nAnuM rAjya 1948 sudhI astitvamAM rahyuM hatuM. 23. Gense and Banaji, op. cit., Vol. I, p. 46 28. Sardesai, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 324 24. C. U. Aitchision, A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and. Sanads, Vol. VI, Appendix I 25. Corpus Inscriptionum Bhavnagari, pp. 50-51 79. Gense and Banaji, op. cit., Vol. 1, p. 105 28. "mirAte ahamadI', . 2. khaMDa 3, pR. pa13-16 pe. B. K. Boman-Behram, Rise of Munici pal Government in the City of Ahmedabad, p. 8 30. Gense and Banaji, op. cit, Vol. I, p. 113 3. Ibid., Vol. 4, p. 117

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prakaraNa 6 rAjyataMtra mughala sAmrAjyamAM ghaNA mUkhA (prAMtA) hatA. akabaranA samayathI emAM gujarAtane samAveza thayeA. mughala rAjyanuM svarUpa mughala rAjyanuM svarUpa lazkarI zAsananuM hatuM ane tethI e keMdrIya rAjAzAhInuM hatuM. muslima prajA mATe eneA rAjA dharma ane rAjyane vaDe| hatA ane tethI e rAkha emanA mATe sAmAjika kAryo karatA, paraMtu bina-muslima prajA mATe rAjA mAtra salAmatI ke rakSaNa ApavA jevu' kAryAM karatA ane mahesUla udharAvatA. jAhera zikSaNa e rAjyanI pharaja na hatI. mudhala samayamAM sAmAjika kAryo rAjya para nahi, paNa te kema jAti ke samAja para cheADI devAmAM AvatAM. gujarAta sUe ane enA peTAvibhAga mudhala sAmrAjya 'mughala huM' ane 'tAbedAra rAjyA' evA e vistRta bhAgAmAM vaheMcAyeluM hatu'. 'mughala hiMda'nA vahIvaTa sIdhA zAhI athavA keMdrIya sattA nIce hatA, jyAre tAbedAra rAjyA judI judI kakSAnuM svAtaMtrya bhAgavatA rAjAekanAM rAjya hatAM. akabare zAhI mughala pradezane 1595 mAM bAra sUbAe(prAMtA)mAM vaheMcya hatA; samaya jatAM emAM khAnadeza varADa ane ahamadanagara jevA pradeza umerAtAM paMdara mUkhA thayA hatA. e prAMtA dUra hovAthI ane teone gujarAta ke mALavA sAthe joDI devAnuM rAjakIya rIte pratikULa heAvAthI, temene dakhkhaNanA alaga sUbA rAkhavAmAM AvyA. akabare jyAre gujarAta jItyuM tyAre eNe e sUbAnA vibhAgAnI punar* vaheMcaNI karI ane sarahadI vistArAne enA agAunAM adhikArakSetra sAMpyAM. AthI e sUnAmAM tAjanA sIdhA tAbA nIce nA sarakAra hatI: amadavAda pATaNa nAMdeda vaDedarA bharUca cAMpAnera surata gAdharA ane sAra. emAM badhAM maLI 198 paragaNAM ane 13 baMdara hatAM.ra : gajhebanA samayamAM 1661 mAM navAnagara khAlasA thatAM sIdhA vahIvaTa nIcenI sarakAreAnI saMkhyA dasa thaI.3 e samaye khaDiyA

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rAjyataMtra [1 rAjaya cha hatAM-DuMgarapura, vAMsavADA, sutha (revAkAMThAmAM), sirohI, kaccha ane rAmanagara (dharamapura).teone emanA mULa pradeza pAchA sevA, paNa emane prAMtanI sarakAranA tAbA nIce rAkhavAmAM AvyAM ane e sarakArane khaMDaNI tathA lazkarI sevA ApavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM.5 paragaNunA tAbA nIce gAma hatAM, jene vahIvaTa grAmapaMcAyata karatI. prAMtanA adhikArIe akabaranA samayamAM prAMtanA vaDAne sattAvAra rIte sipAhAlAra (sUbahadAra ane pALanA samayamAM sUbasU) kahevAmAM Avato. enA anugAmIonA samayamAM e "nAjhima' tarIke oLakhAyA. sipAhasolAra e bAdazAhano pratinidhi hato. enAthI bIjA krame ane keMdranA tAbA nIce dIvAna hato. A baMne mukhya adhikArIo vacce moTe bhAge prAMtanI samagra vahIvaTI kAmagIrI vaheMcAyelI hatI. sipAhAlAra kArAbArI, saMrakSaNa, phojadArI nyAya ane sAmAnya vahIvaTa mATe javAbadAra hatA, jyAre dIvAna mahesulI vyavasthA, dIvAnI nyAya ane sadara adhikArInA kSetramAM AvatI pharaja para sAmAnya dekharekha rAkhato. A baMne adhikArIonI madadamAM bakSI (pagAra cUkavanAra, jene anekavidha pharajo bajAvavI paDatA), sa8 (mukhyatve dharmavibhAga dAna ane anudAnano vaDo), kAjhI (prAMtane mukhya nyAyAdhIza), koTavAla (je AMtarika saMrakSaNa taMdurastI Arogya ane bIjAM sudharAI kArya saMbhALato), mIra badra (baMdara kara jakAta heDI ane nAvaDIo vagerenA kara vasUla lenAra hato ) tathA vikAenavIsa (darabArane samA cAra-noMdhaka) jevA adhikArI hatA. A uparAMta keTalAka prAMtomAM prasaMgopAtta amIna" nAmane adhikArI nImavAmAM Aveto. enA hoddAnA prakAra ane kAryo vize nizcita rUpamAM kahevuM muzkela che. 1583 mAM ItimAdakhAna gujarAtIne gujarAtane sUbedAra nImavAmAM Avyo tyAre mIra turAbavalIne " amIna pade nImavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.8 "amIna ane hedo prAMtIya vahIvaTItaMtramAM aMkuza ane madada mATe hato ema lAge che. mughala samrATa mATe A adhikArIo uparAMta ghaNA bIjA umarAvone e ja prAMtamAM jAgIro ApIne mokalavAno rivAja thaI paDyo hato. emane mokalavAno hetu prAMtIya sUbedArane madada karavAno hato. AvA umarA ane ucca adhikArIo e sUbAnI ghaNI mahatvanI bAbato aMge carcAvicAraNuM karavA mATe anaupacArika samitirUpa banatA. I-6-13

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194] mughala kAla (pra. subedAra - prAMtamAM subedArapade nimAtI vyaktio baheza nipuNa anubhavI ane kAryadakSa hevI jarUrI manAtuM, paNa zAhajAdAo athavA ucca kakSAnA umarAvanA putronI bAbatamAM apavAda thatA. emane mahatvanA prAMtanA sUbedAra tarIke nImavAmAM AvatA, paraMtu teo juvAna ane binaanubhavI hovAthI emanA mArgadarzaka ane guru tarIke "atAlIka' nAmanI kAryakSama ane anubhavI vyaktione nImavAmAM AvatI. juvAna sUbedArane "atAlIkInI salAhanuM hamezAM pAlana karavAnuM kahevA AvatuM. sUbedArane madada karavA ghaNA ucca adhikArIonI samiti paNa rahetI. mIrajhA abdurrahImakhAnanA atAlIka vajhIrakhAnanA samayamAM gujarAtamAM rAjakIya aMdhAdhuMdhI phelAtAM enI badalI sarahada paranA IDaranA phojadAra tarIke karavAmAM AvI hatI ane enA badhA karmacArIone parata bolAvI levAmAM AvyA. kaI vAra je vyaktine sUbedAra tarIke nImavAmAM AvI hoya te vyakti aMgata kAraNasara ke bAdazAhanI marajIthI ane saMmatithI, potAnA vatI potAnI pasaMdagInI vyaktine potAnA nAyaba tarIke prAMtamAM moklatI ane pote rAjadhAnImAM rahetI. AvA gerahAjara sUbedAronA pratinidhio dvArA gujarAtamAM vahIvaTa calAvavAmAM Avyo hato. - jyAre sUbedAranI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI tyAre bAdazAha ene panuM pratIka tathA yogya biruda bheTa Apato. sUbedAra prAMtamAM javA nIkaLe te pahelAM e kaMdranA vajhIra pAse jato, jyAM ene sUcanApatra ApavAmAM Avato. emAM enI karaje kArya javAbadArI vagere bAbatonI sUcanA ane samaja AlekhavAmAM AvatAM. * sUbedAroe zuM karavuM joIe ane zuM nivAravuM joIe e aMgenI zikhAmaNo, je 40 jeTalI che te, akabaranA pharamAnamAM ApavAmAM AvI che. 11 emAM vizeSAdhikAro ane maryAdAo paNa samajAvavAmAM AvatAM. khaMDiyA rAjAo pAsethI khaMDaNI vasUla laI badhI rakama zAhI darabAramAM pUratA baMdobasta ane salAmatIthI pahoMcADavAnI paNa enI pharaja rahetI. subedArane AvA vistRta adhikAra hatA, chatAM emane bAdazAhanA darabAranI jema prAMtamAM dabadabAbharyo darabAra javAnI manAI hatI, kemake e zAhI vizeSAdhikAra hato. vaLI bAdazAhanI jema jharUkhA-darzana ApavAnI ke zAhI nokarI pAse kuraniza bharAvavAnI spaSTa manAI karAvavAmAM AvatI 12

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r DhIvAna rAjyatana len prAMtamAM dIvAna sumedArathI bIjA krame AvatA mahattvane padAdhikArI hatA. enI pasauMdagI samrATaneA vajhIra karatA ane enI nimaNUka zAhI darakhAramAMthI AdazAhanA hukamathI vajhIranA hAthe lakhAyelA mAnathI ane vajhIranI mahAra aMkita karelI sanadathI karavAmAM AvatI. e kaI rIte prAMtIya sUmedAranA tAbAmAM na hatA, ane e zAhI vajhIranA hukama pramANe cAlatA ane enI sAthe patravyavahAra karateA. dIvAna prAMtanA nANAM-vibhAganA vaDA rahetA. dIvAnane khetIvADInA vikAsa mATe zakaya teTalA prayAsa karAvavAnA hatA. eNe rAjyanI tijorI para kaDaka ane cAMpatI najara rAkhavAnI hatI ane kaI binaadhikRta rIte nANAM upADe nahi e jovAnuM hatuM. kAI paNa adhikArI niSedha pharamAvela veza dharAve nahi tenI kALajI rAkhavAnI hatI. ene mila ' nAmanA adhikArIonA hisAbonI cakAsaNI pUratI rIte karavAnI hatI. bhraSTAcArI AbhilAne baratarapha karavA bhalAmaNa karavAnI ene sattA hatI. AmilanI e niSkALajInA kAraNe mahesUla-vasulAta bAkI paDe te dareka RtumAM 5 TakAnAM kruStAthI vasUla levAnI jogavAI karavAnI rahetI. tamAvI lena paNa parata udharAvavAnI rahetI. kheDUtAnI sagavaDa khAtara mahesula udharAvavAnA prakAra e badalI zakatA. TUMkamAM, dIvAnane mahesUla aMge ane enI vasUlAta mATe vistRta sattA ApavAmAM AvatI. koI vAra dIvAnane hisAba-tapAsaNI--vibhAga paNa sAMpavAmAM AvatA. dIvAnanA kAryAlayamAM pezakara athavA maMtrI tathA aMgata madadanIza jevA karmAMcArI rahetA, jemanI nimaNUka keMdramAMthI zAhI dIvAna dvArA karavAmAM AvatI. kAryAlaya-nirIkSaka eTale ke dArAgAha ( dArAgA ) paNa dIvAnanI adAlata ane kAryAlayanA mahattvatA adhikArI hatA. 'murika' (dhaNuM karIne mukhya kArakUna ) paNa zAhI sanada dvArA nimAtA. anya karmacArIoma! tahavIladAra-dha-daphtarakha'nA (kAzAdhyakSa) munzIka navIsa sUbAnIsa vagerenA samAveza thatA. saddha ane kAjhI dIvAnathI khIjI kakSAe mahattvanA sthAne AvatA adhikArIomAM nyAya ane dhArmika khAtAnA A vaDA hatA. mughala samayamAM A baMne khAtAMne ghaNI vAra eka khAtA tarIke lekhavAmAM AvatAM.

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196] anya kama cArIo prAMtanA bakSInA pada sAthe rAjakIya khabara nivedakanuM pada paNa sa`milita karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. mudhala darabAranA bakSInA kAryAlayamAMthI prAMta mATe cAra bakSI ane keTalAka vakAenavIsa ( khAra-nivedaka ) nImavAmAM AvatA hatA. bakSI peAtAnA khabarapatrIne nAjhima dIvAna pheAjadAra nyAya-adAlata ane peAlIsanAM kAryAlayeAmAM rAkhatA. e khabarapatrI kAryAlayamAM banatA rAjabarojanA banAvAnA tathA sarakArI kare ane sarakArI vibhAgeAnI kAmagIrIneA ahevAla meAkalatA, paraMtu keTalIka vAra AvA gupta rAjakIya khabara-nivedakA ane sUbedAra phAjadAra tathA emanA kAryAlayanA kama cArIo vacce saMdha thatA, tethI dveSayukta ahevAle rajU thatA. e mATe savAneha-navIsa athavA khukriyA-navIsa nAmanA judA prakAranA guptacarA badhAM mahattvanAM sthaLeAe rahetA ane mAtra sarakArI adhikArIo vizenI nahi, paNa khIjA banAve vizenI mAhitI paNa keMdramAM sIdhI mekalatA samaya jatAM savAneha-navIse paNa vakrAenavIsAnI jema samAMtara khabarapatrInuM jUtha banI jatAM, harakAraha nAmanI eka bIjI jAsUsI sevAnu taMtra UbhuM karavuM paDayuM hatuM. 13 mughala kAla [31. prAMta sarakAranA kendra sAthenA saMbaMdha prAMtIya sattAvALAo para keMdra sarakAranA saiddhAMtika ane vyavahAru aMkuza hatA. sUbedAra ane enA maMtrIonAM kAryonuM nirIkSaNa karavA ane emanA para aMkuza rAkhavA keMdra sarakAre keTalIka paddhatie zeAdhI hatI. sUbedArane eka ja prAMtamAM lAMbA samaya sudhI rahevA devAmAM AvatA nahi, emanI badalI vAra vAra karavAmAM AvatI. sUbedAranI julanI niSkALajI ke binakAryakSama paddhationI jANu bAdazAhane thatAM enI badalI tarataja karavAmAM AvatI. khIjo asarakAraka aMkuza jAsUsI khAtA dvArA hatA. trIjo aMkuza agAu vaNu vAyela e prakAranI vahIvaTI vyavasthAne hatA, je prAtanA sUbedAra ane enA maMtrImaMDaLa para aMkuza rAkhatI. gupta khakhapatrIe ane harakAraha khabarapatrIethI sUmedAra sAvaceta rahI DaratA. ceAthe| aMkuza bAdazAhanI avAranavAra levAtI prAMtanI mulAkAta dvArA rAkhavAmAM AvatA. AvI zAhI mulAkAta daramyAna khAdazAhA kheDUtavargonAM du:kha phariyAdA takalIpho vagere sAMbhaLatA ane enA nivAraNa mATe tatkAla hukameA karatA. bAdazAhane emanI mulAkAta daramyAna sudhArA karavAnuM yeAgya lAge tA teo e mATe sthaLa para ja Adeza ApatA. rAjA ToDaramalane gujarAta prAMtamAM pravatatAM aniSTa dUra karI mahesUlI jamAbaMdhI IthI goThavavA hukama ApavAmAM AvyA hatA.14 23

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rAjyatatra [197 sarakAranA vahIvaTI taMtramAM cAra mukhya adhikArI mUkavAmAM AvatA : phojadAra kATavALa Amila ane kAjhI. phejadAra kArobArI adhikArI hato, jenuM kArya kAyado-vyavasthA jALavavAnuM, zAMti-salAmatInI khAtarI ApavAnuM ane baMDakhora svabhAvanA le ke taraphathI jyAre sarakArI karmacArIone potAnI pharaja bajAvavAmAM avarodha ane muzkelIo UbhAM karavAmAM Ave tyAre karmacArIonI madade javAnuM hatuM. e mATe enA tAbAmAM lazkarI polIsanI eka TukaDI rAkhavAmAM AvatI, paraMtu phojadAra pAse koI nyAyakIya sattA na hatI. sarakAranuM vahIvaTItaMtra phejadArane mahesUla piolIsa ane lazkara evI vahIvaTanI traNa zAkhA saMbhALavI paDatI. mahesUlI bAbatamAM e parokSa rIte bhAga lete. sarakArane bIjo eka adhikArI-amalagujhAra-mahesUla khAtuM saMbhALato. kheDUto mahesUla ApavAnuM TALI baMDakhora vRtti batAve to vasUlAtanA kAmamAM madada karavAnI javAbadArI phojadAranI rahetI. phejidAranuM mukhya kArya enA tAbAnI sarakAranA AvelA pradeza ane grAma vistAronuM rakSaNa karavAnuM hatuM. e sthAnika laDAyaka TukkInI niyamita dekhabhALa rAkhato, ene zastrasajaja rAkhata, ane koI paNa samaye kAmagIrI bajAvavA javuM paDe e mATe taiyAra rAkhato. paragaNAmAM Thera Thera thANAM rAkhavAmAM AvatAM, jyAM tAbedAra phojadAra athavA cANAdAra rAkhavAmAM AvatA. thANAdAra phojadArane adhIna hatA. phojadAronI nimaNUka vakhate te te sarakAranuM mahattva prathama jovAmAM AvatuM. sthAnika jamInadAro niyamita mahesUla bhare e jovAnuM ane baMDakhora tattane DAmI devAnuM kartavya phojadAranuM hatuM. ramakhANa lUMTaphATa dhADa ke nAnA svarUpanAM khaMDa-baLavA na thAya e mATe cAMpatI dekharekha rAkhavAnuM ane thAya che e dabAvI devAnuM kArya enuM hatuM. TUMkamAM kahIe te phojadAra e prAdezika kakSAne lazkarI senApati hato. 15 sarakAramAM phojadAra ane amalagujhAra kAjhI ane keTavALa nyAyakIya kArya bajAvatA. e sarakAranA mukhya nagara mATe ja nahi, paNa samagra sarakAra mATe mejisTreTanA adhikAra dharAvatA hatA. keTavALa ane kAjhI vacce nyAyakIya adhikAra vaheMcAI gayA hatA. koTavALa nagara-polIsano vaDe hato. enI kAmagIrI

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198] mughala kAle saMbaMdha dharAvatA polIso, sAdhanasAmagrI, gunegAra, kedIo, nyAya, cokiyAto, mAhitI meLavanAra jAsUsa, nRtyAMganAo, dArU ane mAdaka pINuM vecanArAo vagerene anulakSIne rahetI. - Amila sarakAramAM mukhya mahesUlI adhikArInI ane kAjhI mukhya nyAyAdhIcanI pharajo adA karatA. emanA vize AgaLa upara vigatavAra nirUpaNa thaze. paragaNuM ane enA adhikArIe zerazAhanA samayathI paragaNAmAM traNa prakAranA mahatvanA adhikArI cokkasa paNe kAmagIrI bajAvatA hatA. emAM zikadAra amIna ane kAnUna hatA. emanI madadamAM khajAnacIo kArakune paTavArIo ane paTAvALA ghaNI saMkhyAmAM rahetA. sikadAramAM phojadAra ane koTavALanI pharajo saMyukta karavAmAM AvI hatI. e paragaNAmAM kAyado ane vyavasthA tathA phojadArI nyAyanuM kArya saMbhALatA. zikAra paragaNAne kArobArI vaDo hoI sAmAnya vahIvaTa saMbhALato e maryAdita adhikAra sAthe phojadArI mejisTreTanuM kArya karatA, paraMtu je bAbate enA adhikArakSetramAM na AvatI hoya te paragaNunA koTavALa tarapha mekalI Apa. paragaNAne amIna ke Amila sarakAranA amalagujhAra jevI ja pharaje bajAvate. e mahesUla AMkavAnA ane enI vasulAtanA kAryamAM kheDUto sAthe sIdhA saMparkamAM AvatA. e uparAMta enI kAmagIrI zikadArane ane gAmanA mukhIne madada karavAnI rahetI. Ama A traNeya adhikArI ekabIjAnA kAmamAM madada karatA ane paragaNunuM taMtra calAvatA. dareka paragaNAmAM ane nAnA nagaramAM nyAyaadAlata sthApavAmAM AvatI. anya vahIvaTI eme | mughala sAmrAjyamAM sarakAra ane paragaNa uparAMta dariyAI baMdaro, sarahada pUratI cekIo ane kilAo, cakalA ane thANAMonuM paNa alaga vahIvaTI taMtra hatuM. 14 sAmAnya rIte baMdara sUbAnA peTAvibhAgamAM hatAM chatAM vahIvaTI hetu mATe mahavana surata jevAM baMdarone prAMtIya sattAvALAonA adhikArathI svataMtra banAvavAmAM AvatAM. mughala bAdazAhane kaI naukAdaLI jarUra paDatI nahi temaja prasa gopAtta makkAnI jAtrAe javA sivAya koI dariyAI pravRtti karavI paDatI

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rAjyataMtra [199 nahi, paraMtu siMdha gujarAta saurASTra ane khAnadeza jevA pradeza jItyA bAda mughalonA adhikAramAM ghaNuM baMdara AvyAM. emAMnAM keTalAMka baMdarAethI paradeza sAthe vepAra cAlato. prathama kakSAnAM baMdarono vahIvaTa kevo hato enuM uttama udAharaNa suratanA baMdara parathI jANavA maLe che. suratanuM baMdara e "sarakAra' jevuM hatuM, jemAM enI AjubAjune pradeza AvI jato ane emAM kula 31 mahAla hatA. "AIne akabarI mujaba surata sarakAramAM 73 mahAla hatA, jemAM 13 baMdara hatAM. surata sarakAra ane baMdarane vahIvaTa moTe bhAge mutsaddI' nAmanA adhikArI dvArA calAvavAmAM AvatA. kavacita ene phojadAra tarIke ullekha thayo che. mutsaddIne bebho prAMtIya sUbedAra jevo hato ane e sIdhI rIte kedrIya sarakArane javAbadAra rahetA. mutsaddI baMdarane lagatA mukhya kAma uparAMta bIjA paNa haddA saMbhALatA, jemAM dIvAnI nyAyAdhIza tathA TaMkazALanA nirIkSaka jevAne samAveza thate. killAno lazkarI saradAra, je anya paragaNune paNa vahIvaTa calAvato, tenI kAmagIrI pradezamAM polIsa-vyavasthA jALavavAnI hatI; phojadAra enI madadamAM raheto. baMdaranA samagra ucca karmacArIgaNanI nimaNUka keMdranA judA judA vibhAganA vaDAo dvArA thatI. AvA sadra ane kAjhI (baMne haidrA ghaNI vAra saMyukta karAtA), bakSI ane vikAe-nigAra, savAlanavIsa, harakAraha, tathA nANAM jakAta verA kArakhAnAM ityAdine lagatA adhikArIone samAveza thato. sara Tomasa re 1615 mAM jyAre gujarAtamAM Avyo tyAre mukarrabakhAna surata ane khaMbhAtano musaddI hatuM ane e pitAnA madadanIzo dvArA baMne baMdarano vahIvaTa calAvato hato.7 pachInA samayamAM khaMbhAtane cerAsI paragaNAno mahAla banAvavAmAM AvyuM. e pachI khaMbhAta rAsI ane ghoghA baMdara evA kula traNa mahAla karavAmAM AvyA. jodhA baMdara sAthe kaMdhAra (gaMdhAra) nAmanuM nAnuM baMdara joDI devAmAM AvyuM hatuM. khaMbhAtamAM mutsadI ane phojadAra alaga alaga hatA. teonI tathA kAjhI muhUtasiba TaMkazALanirIkSaka hisAbanIza tathA tijorI khAtAnA adhikArIo vagerenI nimaNUka keMdramAMthI thatI. dariyAI baMdarAe jakAtI amaladAre paradezathI AvatI dareka vyaktinI ane enA mAlasAmAnanI kevI kaDakAIthI tapAsa karatA hatA ane pravAsIone kanaDagata thatI hatI enuM tAdaza varNana devene nAmanA pravAsIe kareluM che.

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200] mughala kAla [5. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM vajhIra sadullAhakhAne paragaNuone cakalAmAM vaheMcyAM hatAM. dareka cakalAmAM eka amIna ane phojadAranI nimaNUka karelI. gujarAtanA saMdarbhamAM joIe to polIsa-kAryo mATe zaherane cakalA athavA oNrDamAM vaheMcavAmAM AvatuM. amadAvAdamAM AvAM 17 cakalAM hatAM. e darekamAM zerIonI cokI karavA sipAIo rAkhavAmAM AvatA. 18 - amadAvAda vibhAgamAM je 16 sarakAra hatI teonA dareka paragaNAmAM eka phojadAra hatA ane e phojadAranA adhikAra nIce ghaNAM thANAM hatAM, jene uparI "thANAdAra kahevAtuM. sAmAnyataH be ke traNathI 12 sudhInAM DAM gAmaDAMnAM kaMkomAM eka eka thANuM rahetuM. nagara-vahIvaTa keTavALanAM kArya "mirAte ahamadI'ne lekhaka amadAvAdanI polIsa-vyavasthA ane sudharAI vahIvaTane vigatavAra ahevAla Ape che: nagarane vaDe koTavALa hato. enI nimaNUka zAhI sarakAranA vaDA mathakethI bhalAmaNa anusAra karavAmAM AvatI. keTavALanA adhikAra ane kAryonI bAbatamAM dezanAM ane paradezI sAdhanAmAMthI ghaNI mAhitI maLe che. emAM be bhAga paDe che: eka vibhAganAM sAdhano keMdrIya sarakAra koTavALa pAse kayA prakAranAM kAryonI apekSA rAkhe che e vize ane bIjA vibhAganAM sAdhane judI judI jagyAe judA judA prasaMgoe koTavALe kevA prakAranAM kArya kharekhara bajAvyAM hatAM e vize mAhitI Ape che. keTavALanI pharajo ane adhikArone nIce pramANenAM DAM jathamAM vaheMcI zakAya : nagaranI saMbhALa rAkhavI ane cokIdArI karavI, bajAra-aMkuza, binavArasI milakatanI saMbhALa ane eno kAyadesara nikAla, lakAnI hilacAla para dekharekha rAkhavI ane gunA aTakAvavA, satI jevAM sAmAjika dUSaNa aTakAvavA ane kabrastAna daphanakriyA ane katalakhAnAnuM niyamana karavuM.19 keTavALanI nimaNUka-sAdamAM e zahera-nagaramAM corI na thAya, leke salAmatI anubhave ane vepAradhaMdhA zAMtithI calAve evI sthitinuM nirmANa karavA, kedamAM rakhAyelA AropIonI ke kedamAMthI mukta karanArAonI bAbatamAM kAjhIne likhita hukamo viruddha nahi vartavA, nadIkAMThe AvelA nagara mATe hoDIsevA ane ene lagatA tamAma prazno mATe takedArI rAkhavA temaja anya bAbate aMge kALajI rAkhavA ene jaNAvavAmAM AvatuM.

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$'] grAma-vahIvaTa muddala zAsakoe grAma-prajAnA utkarSa mATe kAI saMgIna yeAjanA naheAtI karI, paNa sadIe|thI cAlI AvatI saMsthAgata paddhati, jenA dvArA grAma-taMtra sArI rIte cAlatuM hatuM, tene pareAkSa rIte Azraya ApyA hatA, chatAM khUna cArI dezadroha jevA athavA vadhu bhayaMkara ravarUpanA gunA mATe gAmanI kAmeAnA AgevAneAnI javAbadArI gaNavAmAM AvatI. dIvAnI phAjadArI dhArmika ke sAmAjika jevA tamAma prakAranA vivAdezamAM sthAnika sattAvALAonA cukAdAothI temAMthI eka paNa pakSane sa MteSa na maLe teA e pakSa sarakAranA kramaza: AvatA nyAyakIya adhikArIe samakSa apIla karI zakatA. gAmanA mukhI gAmanI bAbatA para sAmAnya nirIkSaNa rAkhatA, jhadhaDAone nikAla lAvatA, peAlIsa-sevAmAM madadarUpa banatA, ane gAmanuM mahesUla udharAvatA. hisAbarnasa khetIne lagatA tamAma hisAbe ane patrakA rAkhatA. ceAkIdAramAM e kakSA hatI : eka kakSAnA cAkIdArAnuM kArya phAjadArI gunAo ane kAyadAbha ganI mAhitI ekatra karavAnuM ane eka gAmathI khIje gAma jatA leAkAne rakSaNa ApavAnu hatu, khIjI kakSAnA cAkIdArAnuM kArya gAmane anulakSIne pAkanuM rakSaNa karavAnuM ane jamInanI mApaNI karavAmAM madada karavAnuM hatuM. AraMbhanA samayamAM tamAma prakAranA jhadhaDAonuM nirAkaraNa grAmapacAyate dvArA thatuM, paraMtu mughala samayamAM paMcAyatanA adhikAra ga MbhIra svarUpanA gunAnI bAbatamAM kaIka maryAdita banAvI devAyA hatA, ema chatAM kAma jamIna lagna mahesUla bhADu tema khetareAne pANI pUru N pADavAnA, pAkamAM bhAgIdArI jevA praznomAM ane lekAnA sAmAjika ane Arthika jIvanamAM udbhavatA tamAma prazna paMcAyata pAse nikAla mATe AvatA. paMcAyatanAM kAryomAM jhadhaDA-vivAdanA nikAla, rakSaNa ane cAkI, zikSaNa, AreAgya, jAhera bAMdhakAmo, garIba-rAhata sahAya, auSadhakIya sAravAra tathA Ana pramAda ane utsavAnI jogavAIo karavAnAM kAryone samAveza thatA hatA. grAmapaMcAyatanI sabhA maMdira ke taLAva pAsenI jagyAmAM ke eka jAhera sthaLe maLatI, gAmane mukhI subhAneA pramukha banatA ane sabhAmAM dareka kuTuMbaneA AgevAna hAjara raheteA. matadAranA meAbhA ane thAna pramANe enA bhata(abhiprAya)nuM vajana paDatu. jyAM kaI bAbata ke vivAdanuM nirAkaraNa thaI zakatuM nahi tevA saMjogAmAM gAmanA mukhIne lavAda khatAvI enA para e cheDI devAmAM AvatuM. mukhI nAnA kissAmAM nirNaya pAte laI letA, jyAre vadhu mahattvanI bAbatAmAM gAmanA vaDIlAnI samitinI madada meLavatA. mukhI pAse phojadArI nyAyane paNu adhikAra hatA. rAjyatatra [201

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202] mughala kAla priprAMtamAM lazkarI saMgaThana lazkaramAM moTA bhAganI bharatI karavAnuM, ene tAlIma ApI zistabaddha banAvavAnuM, ene nibhAva karavAnuM ane saraMjAma pUrA pADavAnuM, caDAIonI janA karavAnuM ane lazkarI chAvaNIo UbhI karavAnuM kArya prAMtanA dIvAnI athavA mulakI vahIvaTa karanArA je adhikArIo hatA temane karavAnuM rahetuM. akabare sattA para AvatAM samagra lazkarI saMgaThananuM svarUpa badalavAnI, jarUriyAtathI sabhAna banI e dizAmAM pagalAM lIdhelAM. eNe dAgaprathAne (DAone cihna karavAnI prathAne) punaH amalamAM mUkI ene vistRta banAvI tathA lazkarI. nedhapatraka aMgenA niyama ghaDyA ane eno amala karAvyuM. akabare moTA pAyA paranI lazkarI jarUriyAtane lakSamAM laIne manasabadArI paddhati amalamAM mUkI hatI. akabaranI hayAtI sudhI e paddhatine sArI rIte amala thaze, paraMtu enA pachI AvelA mughala bAdazAhae emAM karelA pheraphArathI ane asarakAraka aMkuza nA rAkhyAthI e paddhatinI kAryakSamatA ghaTI gaI. AraMbhamAM akabare vividha manasIba athavA kakSAnI eka ja zreNI banAvI, paraMtu zAsananA aMta bhAgamAM 5,000thI nIcenI saMkhyAnI dareka kakSAnI traNa traNa zreNuM banAvAI. manasabadAranI nimaNUka bAdazAha pote karato ane darekane amuka saMkhyAnuM lazkara rAkhavA paravAnagI Apato ane e mATe manasIbadArane amuka rakama ApavAmAM AvatI. manasaba-- dArane dareka sainika pitAnA saradAra ke umarAvanA pharamAna pramANe vartato ane enI pAsethI pagAra meLavato. lazkarI adhikArIo ke jemAM umarA ane khaMDiyA rAjAone paNa samAveza thato hato : emane dasa hajArathI sAta hajAra sudhInA sainikanA senApatine manasaba (dara) ApavAmAM Avato. zAhI kuTuMbanA sabhyono manasaba dasa hajAra sudhIne ane pachInA samayanA mughala bAdazAhanA. samayamAM 50 hajAra sudhIne hate. 20 thI 400 sudhInA sainikonA uparIne sAmAnyata: "manasIbadAra,' 500 thI 2,500 sudhInAne "umara', ane 3,000 athavA enAthI vadhu saMkhyAnA uparIne " umarA-I-Ajhama' kahevAmAM AvatA. manasabadArone pagAra emanI kAryakSamatA ane kakSA parathI nakkI thato. bakSI eTale ke lazkarane khajAnacI e badhAMnI nedha karato ane ghoDAne tapAsI enA para "dAga'-nizAna pADato. sainikanuM varNana ene apAyelA oLakhapatramAM lakhavAmAM AvatuM. mughala lazkaranI mukhya pAMkha savAradaLa (azvadaLa) hatuM. e uparAMta pAyadaLa.. phoTaka zastrasaraMjAma (topakhAna sahita), gajadaLa ane yuddha-naukAonA vibhAga

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ke ke] rAjyataMtra (203 hatA. savAradaLamAM bAragIra ane silahadAra evA be peTAvibhAga hatA. bAragIra vibhAgamAM savArane rAjya taraphathI ghoDA ane sAmagrI apAtAM, ane pagAra ocho apAte, jyAre silahadAra vibhAganA sainikane potAne gheDo ane sAmagrI lAvavAM paDatAM ane e kAraNe ene pagAra vadhu ApavAmAM Avato. pAyadaLamAM jAmagIrIvALA baMdUkadhArIo, dhanurdhArIo, talavAradhArIo, bhalAdhArIo, gadAdhArIo ane tamAma prakAranI nokarasevAo ApanArA ane paricArakeno. samAveza thato hato. prAMtIya lazkara prAMtIya lazkara traNa prakAranuM baneluM hatuM pahelA prakAramAM sUbedArathI mAMDIne nIcenI kakSAnA dareka adhikArIne pitAne manasaba pramANe rAkhavI paDatI TukaDIo hatI. e bAdazAhanA niyamita sthAyI lazkaranA bhAgarUpe gaNAtI. akabare manasabadArone zAhI tijorImAMthI rokaDa rakama ApavAnI paddhati apanAvelI. bIjA prakAramAM prAMtIya sUbedArane jyAre jarUra paDe ane enA taraphathI belAvavAmAM Ave tyAre madada karavA baMdhAyelA evA nAnI kakSAnA amuka jamInadAronuM lakara hatuM. moTI kakSAnA jamInadArone emanI sAthe thayelI zarata pramANe kedrIya. sarakArane sIdhI rIte nANuM athavA mANaso pUrAM pADavAnAM rahetAM. e trIjA prakAramAM sarakAra ane mahAla mATe niyata karavAmAM AvelA hissA mujabanA. pAyadaLa tathA hayadaLane samAveza thato hate.* jamIna-mahesUla-vyavasthA jamIna-mahesUla rAjyanI AvakanuM mukhya ane mahattvanuM sAdhana hatuM.. akabaranA samayamAM zarUAtanA samayamAM vajhIra ane dIvAna paNa) ane pAchaLanA samayamAM dIvAna-I-alA nANAkIya vibhAganA adhyakSa tarIke hatA. bAhoza vyakti maLI AvatAM ene vajhIra ane vakIla evA bhAre javAbadArIvALA be he dA ApavAmAM AvatA rAjA ToDaramalane azarapha-I-dIvAna ane mukhyamaMtrI evA, be haidA akabare ApyA hatA. ToDaramalanuM avasAna thatAM, khAlasA jamIna. sahitanuM nANa-khAtAnuM kAma anahada vadhI jatAM, khAtAnI kAmagIrInA cAra bhAga paDAyA, jemAM amuka prAMtanuM jUtha banAvI eka eka evI cAra vyaktione soMpavAmAM AveluM. ajamera gujarAta ane bhALavA khvAjA nijhAmudIna ahamada bakSIne soMpavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. cAreya adhikArI mukhya nANAMmaMtrIne javAba-- dAra rahetA.

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204] mughala kAla jhi. prAMtamAM nANataMtra prAMtIya dIvAnanA hastaka rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. prAMtIya dIvAna chevaTe kaMdranA dIvAnane javAbadAra rahete ne keMdrIya dIvAna pAsethI hukamo meLavatA. jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAMnA samayamAM dIvAna sUbedArathI vadhu ne vadhu svataMtra bana gaye. auraMgajheba pachInA nabaLA mughala bAdazAho AvA prAMtIya dIvAne para aMkuza rAkhI zakyA nahi. dIvAnanI mukhya pharajo ane kAmagIrI A pramANe hatIH dIvAne khetIvADI vadhArI kheDUtavarganuM ane chevaTe prajAnuM ka9yANa karavuM. AvA hetuone dhyAnamAM rAkhI adhikArIoe prajAne je rIte anukULa paDe tevI AkAraNI ane vasUlAtapaddhati apanAvavI ane loko pAsethI baLajabarAIthI niyata rakama uparAMta vadhArAnI rakama ke gerakAyadesara levAtI rakamo levAnuM sadaMtara baMdha karavuM. khetI vikAsane uttejana ApavA ane paDatara paDI rahelI jamInane kheDavA kheDUtone samajAvavA ane e mATe emane lena ApIne ane siMcAI-kAryo karIne emanI pAsenI vasUlAta jema bane tema saraLa banAvavI. bAkI laheNI paDatI rakama saraLa hitethI vasUla levA ane je adhikArIoe julama gujAryo hoya temane zikSA karavA tathA raiyatane manAvI levA prayAso karavA. kaI jagyAe UbhelA pAka para koI Aphata AvI paDe to adhikArIoe mahesUlamAM pramANasara ghaTADo kare athavA saMjogo pramANe e mApha paNa karavuM. vadhArAnI rakama kaDakAIthI vasUla karanAra adhikArIone zikSA karavI ane je koDI amaladAro ke jAgIradAroe aprAmANika ke anyAyI vartana karyuM hoya temanA para adAlatamAM kAma calAvavuM. UtaratI kakSAnA amaladAro ane karmacArIonI kAmagIrIne jhINavaTapUrvaka cakAsI levI, enA para dekharekha rAkhavI tathA teo pAsethI emanA khAtAnA saMbaMdhita kAgaLapatra ekatra karI, keMdranA maMtrAlayamAM mokalI ApavA. sarakArI leNuMnI vasUlAtamAM adhikArIone kaDaka rahevA ane je hamezAM kasUra karavA TevAyelA heya temanI bAbatamAM khAsa kaDakAI rAkhI samajAvaTane mArga niSphaLa jato phaTakA mAravAnI rIta apanAvavI. sarakAramAM mukhya mahesulI adhikArI amalagujhAra athavA AmilagujhAra atha Amila hato. enI madadamAM moTI saMkhyAmAM karmacArIo rahetA, jemAM bitIkacI vadhu mahatvane hato. AmilanA tAbA nIcenA anya karmacArIomAM kArano phejadAra athavA khajAnAdAra ane paragaNuM ekamanA adhikArIo hatA. keTavALane mahesUla-taMtramAM koI kArya karavAnuM na hatuM. baMDakhera ane mahesula

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rAjyataMtra [[20 5. ApavAnuM TALavA mAgatA loko pAsethI mahesUla ugharAvavAnA kAmamAM jyAre jarUra paDe tyAre phejadAra amalagujhArane madada karavA taiyAra raheto. paragaNuM ekamamAM zikadAra Amila kArakUna ane phatadAra pitadAra) adhikA rIo hatA. sarakAranA mukhya amalagujhAranI madadamAM vipula saMkhyAmAM amaladAro ane nAnA karmacArIo rahetA tethI enuM kArya saraLa ane ochuM bejArUpa banatuM. amalagujhAranI prAthamika pharajomAM khetI mATe uttejana ApavAnI tathA khetIne vadhArI pAkanI jAta ane jaththo sudhAravAnI mukhya hatI. mahesUlanI AMkaNI karI e vasUla karavAnI javAbadArI enI hatI. mahesUla-vasUlAtamAM amalagujhAra maLatAvaDApaNuM ane viveka rAkhe e. jarUrI hatuM. je nANAM bharavAmAM Ave te zAhI tijorInI rakSA karavAnI nANuM pUrI takedArI sAthe kedra tarapha mokalavAnI javAbadArI enI rahetI, amalagujhAra Avaka-kharcanA hisAba dara mahine mokalato. e paTavArI ane anya tAbedAra. adhikArIonI kAmagIrI para dekharekha rAkhato. sarakAramAM je keTavALa-pade koI vyakti na hoya to ene koTavALanI pharajo paNa bajAvavI paDatI. amalagujhAra subedAranI dekharekha ane tapAsane adhIna hato. bitIkacI e sarakAramAM amalagujhAra mATe anivArya adhikArI hatA. e sarakAramAM mahesUla khAtAne maMtrI hatA. amalagujhAra je mahesUlanI AMkaNI karato ane vasulAta letA te saMbaMdhI tamAma jarUrI patrake noMdhe ahevAle daphataro. vagere taiyAra karavAnI enI kAmagIrI noMdhapAtra rahetI. e paTavArI mukAdama ane anya sahAyakenAM vasulAtanAM putra ane daphataro jhINavaTapUrvaka tapAsato. e dainika ane mAsika Avaka-kharcanA hisAba rAkhato ane mAsika ahevAla keMdramAM ekalato. varSa Akhare paNa AvA hisAbanuM saravaiyuM mokalatA. sarakAramAM khajAnAdAra athavA jene zerazAhanA samayathI taddAra' tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avato te zAhI tijorIne mukhya adhikArI hato. nANAM svIkAravAnI tema nANAM rAkhavAnI paddhatinI ane Avela rakamano nikAla karavAnI enI kAmagIrI mahattvapUrNa hatI. - khAnAdAranI sahAyamAM rahenAra karmacArIomAM kArakUna karmacArInuM mahatva nedhapAtra gaNAtuM. e mukhya Amila(khajAnAdAra) ane paragaNunA AmilanI sAthe mukAme mukAme pharato raheto. kArakUna ane hisAbanIzanI pharaja bajAvatA te

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201] mughala kAle Tjha. karmacArI hato. kheDUta ane sarakArI amaladAre vacce mahesUla-AMkaNI vakhate je nakkI thatuM tenI sarva noMdha A kArakUna rAkhato ane e gAmanA mukhI ane paTavArInA hisAbe sAthe sarakhAvI jato, jethI sarakArane mahesulamAM nukasAna na thAya. paragaNAne vahIvaTI adhikArI zikadAra hato. tijorImAM nANAMnI Avaka rAkhavAnI khajAnacInI sAthe enI paNa pharaja hatI. kaTokaTImAM e tijorImAMthI nANAM kharcI zakato. prAcIna samayathI jUnA adhikArI tarIke kAnunago paragaNAmAM jANItA hato. e gAmanA paTavArIone vaDe hato. e khetaro ane pAka saMbaMdhI daphataro rAkhato eTaluM ja nahi, paNa sthAnika rItarivAje vyavahAra vagere jANata. AraMbhamAM kAnUtone eka TakA jeTaluM kamizana ApavAmAM AvatuM, akabare e prathA baMdha karAvI, aMgata nibhAva mATe jAgIra tathA rAjya tijorImAMthI rokaDa pagAra ApavAnuM zarU kareluM. zikaDa pagAra traNa zreNIomAM eTaleke mAsika rUA. 50, 30 ane 20 ApavAmAM AvatA.21 kAnanagAnAM kAryomAM gAma ane jillAne lagatI mahesUlI bAbato, vasUlAta, khAtedAra, enA vAra, milakata nAmaphera karavI vagere samAveza thato. abulanA kahevA mujaba paTavArI kheDUte rAkhelo lahi hatA. jamIna mahesUlanI jaNa mahesUlanI mojaNa-paddhati zerazAhanA samayamAM je geThavAI hatI te ati kharcALa jaNAtAM akabare bhALavAthI zihAbuddInane belAvI mahesUla khAtAne havAlo sapi. zihAbuddIne majaNI ane vasUlAtanI jUnI paddhati rada karI ane nA nAmanI paddhati dAkhala karI. rara zihAbuddIne dAkhala karela e paddhatine gAma ke paragaNAnI sAmUhika mojaNI tarIke ghaTAvavAmAM AvI che. 23 jAgIra-jamInane vahIvaTa | mughala bAdazAhe taraphathI jemane lazkara khAtAnA karmacArIo gaNavAmAM AvatA temane pagAranA badale jamIne-jAgIro pApavAmAM AvatI. e pachI jAgIra-jamInone hise, jene "sUyurghala jAgIra" kahevAmAM AvatA te, dAna arthe vyaktio ke dhArmika saMrathAone ApavAmAM AvatuM. mughala vahIvaTI taMtramAM AvI bakSisa apAyelI jAgIranuM mahesUla je ApatI vakhate aMdAja vAmAM AvatuM tenuM bhAre mahatva rahetuM. jAgIra jamIne ane zAhI mAlikInI khAlasA jamIna mahesUlanI AMkaNI sarakArI niyamo pramANe karavAmAM AvatI. mahemalatI vasulAta jAgIradAra potAnA pratinidhio mAraphate karatA.

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| ', mahesUlI Avaka mughala rAjyamAM prAMtIya sarakAreA para nANAkIya khejo dhaNA e paDate hatA. kArakUna ane anya gauNu karmacArI sivAyanA ucca kramacArIe adhikArIo vagerenA kharca manasabadArI paddhatimAMthI prApta thayelI AvakamAMthI pADavAmAM AvatA. AvakanA meTA bhAganA hissA keMdrIya kAzAgAramAM jamA thatA, AthI prAMtane Avaka mATe sthAnika ane alpa prakAranAM sAdhane para AdhAra rAkhavA paDatA, jemAM AMtaka mAla heraphera tathA AMtarika avarajavara parA verA, meATAM zaherAmAM vividha bajAro paranA verA, bagIcA jevAM jAhera kAmeAmAMthI thatI Avaka tathA jakAta jevA verAnA samAveza thatA. rAjyataMtra [201 kApaDa pAna jhaverAta ityAdi bajArAne sthAnika verA lAgu paDatA. bajAranA rakSaNa mATe peAlIsa-vyavasthA ane verA ugharAvavA mahesUlI karmacArIonuM taMtra taiyAra rahetuM. je jAhera bAMdhakAmAmAMthI rAjyane thADI Avaka thatI te bAdazAhanA ane umarAve nA -bagIcAmAMthI thatI. bagIcAnI AvakamAMthI bagIcAnA nibhAva, tAkara-cAkara vageremAM kharca thatA. jo kharca mATenI rakama AchI paDatI te prAMtanI tijorImAMthI sahAya ApavAmAM AvatI,24 bajAramAM vecAtI cIjo para je kara levAtA tene ghaNuM karIne 'jakAta' tarIke eLakhavAmAM AvatA. khara sthAnika bAbata ne khaca prAMtIya tijorImAMthI thatA. naherA baMdha pALA ArAmagRhe vagere mATe ghaNI vAra sthAnika tijorImAMthI rakama levAmAM AvatI. sthAnika kharcanI anya bAbatAmAM khAsa karIne garIba ane nirAdhAra mATe AMdhavAmAM AvelI haeNoNspiTalA, garIkhAne vaheMcavA mATenA khArAka, dhAbaLA, vastrA vagere tathA kAyamI raseADAM, dAnagRhe| ane ArAmagRhone samAveza thatA. ghaNuM karIne sthAnika zALAe ane masjidone sthAnika tijorImAMthI sahAya maLatI. prAMtanI sevAo ane vahIvaTItaMtra mATene kharca sthAnika dIvAna ane akSI dvArA thatA, paraMtu enA para keMdra sarakAranA A kuza rahetA. kAyado ane nyAya : polIsa ane kedakhAnAM ! nyAyakIya pharajo kAjhI tathA anya nyAyakIya adhikArIe bajAvatA. dhArmika kAmI ke sAmAjika jhaDA je te kramanI dhArmika ke kAmI adAlatA dvArA patAvavAnuM svAtaMtrya cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvyuM ahAravaTA jevA gaMbhIra gunAe siAyanA anya kesA gAmanI hatuM. khUna ke paMcAyata pAse

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208] mughala kAla [yjatA. baMnemAMthI kaI pakSane cukAdAthI asaMtoSa thAya te e pakSane kAjhInI sarakArI adAlatamAM apIla karavAnI chUTa rahetI. - kAjhInI lAyakAta ane pharaje nakkI karavAmAM AvatAM. zAhI ane prAMtIya adAlate kedramAM eka alaga mukhya sadra ane alaga mukhya kAjhI hatA, jyAre prAMtomAM sadra kAjhI mIra-adala ane muphatI nAmanA adhikArIo hatA. dareka prAMtamAM sipAhasolAra dIvAna bakSI mIra-adala koTavALa mIra-ba6 ane vakIenavIsa jevA adhikArI nImavAmAM AvatA. sarakAra ane paragaNAMnI adAlata prAyaH binasAMpradAyika phojadArI gunA keTavALa pAse ane vArase lagna lagnaviccheda jevA dIvAnI ane dhArmika svarUpanA kissA kAjhI pAse nikAla mATe laI javAtA Ama sarakAranuM samagra nyAyataMtra ghaNe aMze A be adhikArIomAM vaheMcAyeluM hatuM. Amilane ardha polIsa ane nyAyakIya pharaja bajAvavA Adeza apAte ane e rIte e thoDe aMze prastuta be adhikArIonA kAryamAM bhAgIdAra banata. keTavALanI gerahAjarImAM e mejisTreTa kakSAnI pharajo saMbhALa. keTavALanI kacerIne "cabUtaro' tarIke oLakhavAmAM AvatI. paragaNAnI adAlatane vaDe kAjhI hato, je dIvAnI ane dhArmika kissAono nikAla karate. paragaNAmAM zikadAra keTavALanAM mejisTreTa-kArya tathA phajadAranAM sAmAnya kArobArI ane polIsa kArya bajAvatA. pitAnI hakUmatanA kSetramAM zikadAranI pharaja sAMpradAyika phejadArI kakSAnA kesa calAvavAnI paNa hatI. mahattva dharAvatA dareka nagaramAM ane moTAM gAmaDAMomAM paNa kAjhInI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvatI. kAjhI masjidone havAle saMbhALatA ane adhyApana-kArya paNa karatA. sarakAra ane paragaNAmAM kAjhIo mahesUlI kesa calAvatA. emanA cukAdA sAme apIla dIvAna-I-sUbA samakSa thatI. sarakAramAM ane nIcalI adAlatamAM kAjhIo tamAma prakAranA dIvAnI dAvA ane dhArmika svarUpanA. phojadArI kesa calAvatA. emanI sAme apIla pahelAM prAMtIya saddha athavA kAjhI ane mI-adala (jo enI prAMtamAM nimaNUka thaI hoya to) samakSa ane e pachI sAmrAjyanA sada-u-sudUra athavA mukhya kAjhInI adAlatamAM thaI zakatI. paragaNAnA zikadAre calAvelA nAnA prakAranA phojadArI gunAomAM

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rAta 209 apIla sarakAranA keTavALa samakSa thaI zakatI ane keTavALanA cukAdA sAme sUbedAra samakSa ane e pachI bAdazAha samakSa thaI zakatI. mughala kAlamAM adAlatI kesenuM pramANa noMdhapAtrapaNe DuM hatuM. AnuM moTuM kAraNa e hatuM ke grAma-vastInA aneka nAnAmeTA kissAone nikAla grAmapaMcAyatomAM thatA. phejadArI nyAyaH gunA ane zikSA islAmI kAnUna pramANe zikSAnA ha6 kisAsa ane tAjhIba evA traNa prakAra hatA. hadda e evo prakAra hato jemAM zikSAnuM gheraNa kurAna ane hadIsamAM darzAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. "kisAsa ane artha "badale le" evo thato. A prakAramAM kAnUna dvArA zikSA mukarara karAyelI hatI, chatAM je vyakti saMDovAI hoya tenA dvArA athavA te hatyA thayelI vyaktionA vAraso dvArA sajA ghaTADavA chUTa ApavAmAM AvatI. tAjhIba e evI zikSAno prakAra hato, jemAM zikSonuM pramANu kAjhI athavA nyAyAdhIzanI vivekabuddhi para cheDavAmAM AvatuM. 25 mughala zAsanamAM gunAo badala vividha zikSA karavAmAM AvatI H daMDa, japatI, kakSA ane pada parathI utArI pADavuM, nekarImAMthI barataraphI, anya paddhatio dvArA mAnahAni, keda ane aTakAyata ane dezanikAla, phaTakA ane zArIrika zikSAo, aparAdhInAM aMgenuM chedana, phAMsI, zAhI khaphAmarajInA kissA vagere. sarakArI karmacArIo je gunA AcaratA temAM prajA para damana gujAryo ane pharajamAM niSkALajI ane sarvoparI rAja sAme rAjadroha, baMDa athavA nirlajajANAnA kAryane samAveza thaze. gerainsApha athavA geravahIvaTanI. zikSA enA gunAnA pramANamAM thatI. kedakhAnA muvala kAlanAM kedakhAnAM be jAtanAM hatAM. prathama vibhAganAM kedakhAnAM ucca darajajAnI vyaktio, ucca sarakArI adhikArIo ane zAhajAdAo- TUMkamAM, zAhI ane umarAva varganA loko mATe hatAM, jyAre bIjI kakSAnAM kedakhAnAM sAmAnya darajajAnA le eTale ke bAkInA loko mATe hatAM. zAhI ane umarAva varga mATe dezabharamAM judI judI jagyAe AvelA killA vaparAtA. prAMtIya rAjadhAnImAM madhyastha kedakhAnAM paNa ucca prakAranA ane ucca adhikArI rAjakIya gunegAre mATe vaparAtAM. rAjadhAnImAM kedakhAna ane zilAo uparAMta, che-6-14

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rA...] mughala kAla sarakAra ane paragaNunAM mukhya mathakoe paNa kedakhAnAM hatAM. sArvajanika kedakhAnane "baMdIkhAnAM ' kahevAmAM AvatAM. kedakhAnAne vahIvaTa kAryakSama cAle ane gunegArone sArI rIte rakhAya e jovA bAdazAhe pote kedakhAnAMonI mulAkAte jatA. prAMta ane jillAnAM kedakhAnAMomAM paNa sUbAo ane kAjhIone nirIkSaNa mATe niyamita javAnuM pharajanA bhAgarUpe nakakI karAyuM hatuM. teo paNa kedIonI raheNIkaraNI tathA emane je sthitimAM rAkhavAmAM AvatA te jotA ane je kaMI nirdoSa jaNAya ane ene choDI mUkavA jevo lAge to ene choDI devA pharamAvatA. cerI khUna luMTa chetarapIMDI jevA gunA vAraMvAra karanAra zakamaMda vyaktione jAhera salAmatI khAtara keda karavAmAM AvatI.ra7 polIsa-paddhati akabaranA anugAmIonA samayamAM sarakAranI pilIsa khAtAnI javAbadArI ane sattA phejadAra ane keTavALa vacce vaheMcavAmAM AvelI. phojadArane grAmavistAra ane koTavALane mukhya nagara ane enI parAone vistAra seMpavAmAM Avela. 28 paragaNAmAM e be adhikArIonI madadamAM zikadAra ane Amila rahetA. jyAM jarUra hoya tyAM paragaNAne amuka gAmanuM ekama banAvI thANadAranI hakumata nIce mUkavAmAM AvatuM.29 zikSaNa ane dharma 'zikSaNa paNa dhArmika ane nyAyakhAtA sAthe joDAyeluM hatuM. e kAjhI ane hiMdu paMDilo jevA dharmanetAone hastaka hatuM. dhArmika zALAo sAmAnya rIte marijadamAM ke maMdiramAM athavA kAjhInA ke paMDitenA nivAsasthAne cAlatI. akabaranA samayamAM rAjyanuM dharmakhAtuM lAyaka saMsthAo ane vyakitaone rAjya taraphathI ApavAmAM AvatAM dAna dhamaudA sumUrdhala vagerenI vyavasthA karatuM, harIpha dAvedAro vacce sumUrdhala jevA jhaghaDAone nikAla karavAnI sattA e khAtAnA vaDA pAse hatI. propavegI karyo | mughala sarakAra taraphathI je prajopayogI kAryo ane bIjI sAmAnya kalyANanI janAo hAtha dharavAmAM AvatAM te mukhyatve kedrIya sarakAra taraphathI thatAM ane ane kharca paNa e sarakAra bhagavatI. ema chatAM emAMnAM keTalAMka kArya sthAnika sattAvALAo taraphathI thatAM ane kharcane amuka bhAga teo ApatA.

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rAkhyatatra (211 mughala zAsakoe pitAnI prajAne kharekhara upayogI nIvaDe tevAM bAMdhakAma paNa karAvyAM. emAM kUvA taLAva kuDe pula nahero bagIcA vAva baMdha ovArA snAnaghATo snAnagRha dharmazALAo ane ArAmagRho jAhera-rasoDA mArgo hospiTalo maMdiro masijado vagereno samAveza thato. judA judA mughala zAsakoe, emanA sUbedAroe, umarAvoe ane amIroe AvA prakAranAM bAMdhakAma tyAM tyAM karAvyAM hatAM. pAla mughala samayamAM sarakArI TapAlanI sAthe sAthe khAnagI TapAla paNa evI ja sagavaDa niyamitatA ane jhaDapathI laI javAtI. sarakArI TapAla mATe taMtra ghaNuM vistRta hatuM. sarakArI pharamAna ane saMdezA halakArAo mAraphate mekalAtA ane sthAnika polIsa amaladArone potapotAnA adhikAravALA pradezamAM halakArAo sAthe cekiyAto mokalavAnA hukama patra dvArA ApavAmAM AvatA. TapAla mATe be prakAranI vyavasthA hatI: bhAre ane vajanadAra TapAla jhaDapI gheDAvALI gADImAM laI javAtI. ATha mAIlanA aMtare jhaDapI gheDA ane TapAlanAM anya jarUrI sAdhanA mArga para AvelAM ArAmagRhamAM taiyAra rakhAtAM, jethI bahArathI Avela TapAla emAM satvara badalI nAkhI vinA vilaMbe AgaLa laI javAtI. bIjI vyavasthA hatI khepiyAnI, je eka divasamAM ghaDA jeTalI jhaDape doDatA ane niyata aMtare TapAla pahoMcADatA. AvA khepiyAne "pathamAra athavA paTamAra' kahevAmAM Avato. sarakArI khepiyAo sAthe khAnagI le paNa pitAnI TapAla mokalatA. dukALa-vIe ane garIba mATe sahAya akabare dukALa-dhIme ane garIo mATe sahAya aMge dareka jagyAe anAja-bhaMDAro sthApI kAyamI pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM. AvA anAja-bhaMDAra dahazerI verAmAMthI UbhA karavAmAM AvatA. kheDANa thayelI jamInanA vIghA dITha dasa zera anAja verA tarIke sarakAra letI ane evuM ugharAveluM anAja pratyeka jillAmAM khAsa bAMdhavAmAM AvelI anAjanI vakhAramAM rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. AvA bhaMDAranA ghaNuM hetu hatA. e bhaMDAramAMthI sarakArI pazudhana, jene mATe khullA bajAramAMthI kharIda thatI nahi, tene mATe anAja levAmAM AvatuM. vAvaNI mATe garIba kheDUto ahIMthI biyAraNa meLavatA. duSkALanA samayamAM garIba leke sastA bhAve anAja vecAtuM laI zakatA. A uparAMta akabare sAmrAjyabharamAM

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212) mughala kAle gi, dharmAdAgRha sthApyAM hatAM, jyAMthI garIba leke rAka meLavI zakatA, e mATe eka dago athavA nirIkSaka ane kArakUnene banele karmacArIgaNa nImavAmAM Avata. duSkALanA samayamAM garIbone rAhata ApavAnAM pagalAM savara ane saMgIna paNe levAtAM. raDAM ane dharmAdAgRhe vadhu kholavAmAM AvatAM. keTalAka garIbo ane zikSakenI soMpaNI zrImaMta umarAva-amIrone karavAmAM AvatI. teo emane khavaDAvavA-pivaDAvavAnI vyavasthA karatA. pAdaTIpo 1. J. N. Sarkar, Mughal Administration, pp. 4-5 2. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 1; cho. 2. nAyaka, "madhyayuga", "gujarAta: eka paricaya", pR. 104 3-8. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 2 4. P. Saran, Provincial Government of the Mughals (1526-1658 A.D.), pp. 148-149 4. Abul Fazl, Ain-i-Akbari, Trans: by H. Blochman, Vol. I, p. 280 cited by Saran, op. cit., p. 170 7. Saran, op. cit, p. 171 * 6. Nizamuddin Ahmad Bakshi, Tabaqat-i-Akbari, Vol. II, p. 368 cited by Saran, op. cit., p. 171 9. "mIrAte ehamadI', (guja. bhASA. nijhAmuddIna), gaM. 1, pR. 138 20. Sarkar, op. cit., pp. 49-50 1 "mIrAte ehamadI" (guja. bhASA.), gaM. 1, pR. 164-172 17. Memoirs of Jahangir, Traps. by Roger and Beveridge, Vol. I, p. 125 13. Saran, pp. cil, p. 199 14. Ibid, 207 15. Ain-i-Akbari, Vol. II, pp. 40-41 16. saran, op. cil, p. rAva 20. W. Foster (Ed.) The Embassay of Sir Thomas Roe of India (1615-1619, A.D.), pp. 28-34 2. Mirat-i-Ahmadi (supplement ), Eng. Tros. by C. N. Seddon and Syed Nawab Ali, p. 8

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rAta 11 1. Saran, op. cit., p. 230 21. Ain-e-Akbari, Vol. 1, p. 300; Vol. II, pp. 23-25 22. Abul Fazl, Akbar-Nama, Eng. Trans. by Henry Beveridge, Vol. II, p. 333 & II, p. 488 [253 20. Saran, op. cit., pp. 259-260 * 85 and p. 236 23. Moreland, The Agrarian System of Moslem India, pp. 28. Saran, op. cit., p. 327 24. Ibid., p. 380 2. Ibid., p. 390 20. Ibid., p. 392 2. Jean de Thevenot's Travels into the Indies, Eng. Trans. by A. Lovell Part III, pp. 19-20 2. Saran, op. cit., p. 397

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. pariziSTa gujarAtanI TaMkazALomAM paDAyelA sikkA (1) amadAvAda mughala bAdazAhanA samayamAM paNa gujarAtanA sUbedAranI rAjadhAnI amadAvAdamAM rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI. salatanata kAlamAM sthapAyelI ahIM je TaMkazALa hatI te paNa mughala kAlamAM cAlu hatI. mughala bAdazAha akabaranA gujarAta paranA vijayanA varSathI, eTale hi.sa. 900 thI ja ahIMthI mughala sikkA bahAra paDavA lAgyA hatA. A TaMkazALanA akabaranA senA cAMdI tathA tAMbA ema traNeya dhAtunA sikkA prApya che. A sikkA moTe bhAge goLa AkAranA ane thoDA cerasa che. sonA ane cAMdInA hi.sa. 900 nA sikkAomAM "ahamadAbAda' paNa e ja varSanA thoDA sikkAomAM "dAlakhilAphata ahamadAbAda eTale ke ahamadAbAda nAma sAthe dArulakhilAphata( khilAphatanI rAjadhAnI )nA upanAmano prayoga thayo che. khAlI "ahamadAbAda' lakhelA sikkA vajanamAM ochevatto akabaranI senAmahoranA vajana-dhAraNa pramANe-sonAnA 170 grena ane cAMdInA 180 grena vajananA-- A sikkAo para eka tarapha islAma dharmane mULabhUta siddhAMta e kalamo temaja pahelA cAra khalIphA hajharata abubakra, umara, usmAna ane alInA guNo darzAvatuM eka sUtra ane bIjI tarapha akabaranAM nAme ane lakaba, TaMkazALanuM nAma ane sikko bahAra pADavAnuM varSa jovAmAM maLe che. akabaranA sikkAo para vartuLa athavA khUNAdAra ke khUNe gAMTha vALelI bAjuovALA cerasa ke evI jAtanI bIjI bhaumitika AkRtionAM kSetramAM tathA AjubAju hAMsiyAmAM lakhANa ApavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. amuka sikkAo para A TaMkazALa mATe ja vaparAtuM TaMkazALa-cihna paNa maLe che. hi.sa. 900 pachI tarata ja pahelAM hi.sa. 981 mAM ane pharI pAchuM hi.sa. 992 mAM uparAuparI senA temaja cAMdI baMne dhAtuonA sikkAonI bhAtamAM pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyuM. have "dArulakhilAphata" upanAmane badale rUsalatanata' salatanatanI rAjadhAnI)nuM upanAma vAparavAmAM AvyuM. hi.sa. 981 nA

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pariziSTa gujarAtanI zALAmAM paDAyelA sikkA [15 cAMdInA sikkAomAM ahamadAbAda TaMkazALanAma sAthe dArussaltanate zahe muajajama(saltanatanI rAjadhAnI evA sarvathI mahAna zahera)nA upanAmanI prayoga thayo che. hi.sa. 987 mAM "dAssaltanate ahamadAvAda TaMkazALanAma dharAvatI senA ane cAMdInA eka cerasa AkAranA sikkAonI bhAta zarU thaI, jemAM AgalI bAjunA kalamAvALA lakhANa mATe cekaDI AkAranuM ane cAMdInA sikkAomAM cerasa kSetra rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. A bhAtamAM nAgapuranA senTrala myujhiyamano eka senAno sikko lagabhaga 1,840 grena vajanane che. A bhAtanA cAMdInA sikkA para eka TaMkazALa-cihna jovAmAM Ave che. amadAvAda nI TakazALane hisa. 888 pachIno koI sonAne sikko maLyo nathI, paNa cAMdImAM cerasa sikkA hi.sa. 1000 sudhI bahAra paDavA cAlu rahyA hatA. hi.sa. 1000 ane hi.sa. 1001 mAM sikkAonA dhArmika lakhANamAM phera na thayo, paNa hijarI varSane badale akabare zarU karelA navA ilAhI sananAM varSa 37 ane 38 no prayoga karavAmAM Avyo ane TaMkazALa mATe vaparAtuM dAsahatanata' upanAma paDatuM mukAyuM. A sikkA paNa corasa che. hi.sa. 101 daramyAna akabaranA senA ane cAMdInA sikkAomAM eka navI bhAta zarU thaI, jene sikkAzAstrIoe ilAhI sikkA zreNInuM nAma ApyuM. A sikkAomAM dhArmika lakhANane badale eka navuM lakhANa temaja ilAhI varSa sAthe e varSanA je mAsamAM sikko TaMkAyo hoya te mAsanuM nAma paNa ApavAmAM AvyuM. A sikkA vipula saMkhyAmAM ane akabaranA rAjyakAlanAM pachInAM lagabhaga badhAM varSonA prApya che. zarUAtamAM e carasa AkAramAM ja bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA hatA, paNa IlAhI varSa 39 daramyAna cerasa sAthe meLa AkAranA ne e pachI mAtra geLa AkAranA bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA. ilAhI sikakAonA lakhANamAM eka tarapha bAdazAhanAM nAma ane lakaba jalAluddIna akabara para leSa dharAvatuM arabI sutra aDhI vara la gADho (allAha sarvathI mahAna che, enuM gaurava gauravavaMta ha1) ane bIjI tarapha ilAhI varSa ane bhAsa tathA TaMkazALanAma "ahamadAbAda" ApatA sUtravALuM lakhANa hoya che. A bhAtanA amuka sikkAo para paNa TaMkazALa-cihna maLe che. A uparAMta cAMdImAM akabaranA nAma tathA lakaba dharAvatA eka judI bhAtanA sikakA maLyA che, jemAM eka tarapha paMcakaNa kSetramAM kalamAvALuM |

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16] - mue kAla dhArmika lakhANa ane bIjI bAju "jalAluddIna muhammada akabara bAdazAha gAjI' temaja hijarI varSanI saMkhyAvALA lakhANano prayoga thayo che. A sikkA vajanamAM lagabhaga 90 grenanA hAI e ardhI rUpiyA ke (gujarAtanA sulatAnanI) mahamUdI mATe vaparAtA hoya ema lAge che. A sikkAomAM amuka para ApavAmAM AvelA varSonA AMkaDA-dA.ta. 1217 vagere parathI ema lAge che ke akabaranI A bhAtanA sikkA pAchaLathI lAMbA samaya sudhI kacacha ane navAnagara jevAM dezI rAjyamAM pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. A sikkA gujarAta-banAvaTavALA sikkAonA nAme mazahUra che. amadAvAda TaMkazALanA akabaranA tAMbAnA sikkA sArI saMkhyAnA temaja vividha bhAtanA maLe che. A sikkAomAM amuka para lakhANamAM enuM mUlya TaMkA deTAMkI cAra TAMkI vagere ApavAmAM AvyuM che. zarUAtanAM varSomAM eTale ke hi.sa. 880, 981 mAM DhaMkAyelA tAMbAnA sikkAonI eka bhAtamAM eka tarapha traNa paktimAM "kure kave* samAnAra (ahamadAbAdamAM DhaMkAyele paisau) ane bIjI tarapha eTalI paMktiomAM mAtra hijarI varSa zabdo temaja AMkaDAomAM ApavAmAM AveluM che. hi.sa. 982 thI dArussalatanata' upanAma sAthenA saMkazALanA nAmavALI eka bhAta zarU thaIA sikkA akabaranA rAjyArohaNanA 38 mAM varSa (eTale ilAhI 38-hi.sa. 1001-2) sudhI cAlu rahyA pachI e ja bhAtanA, paNa TaMkazALanA upanAma vagara ane hijarI varSane badale mAtra AMkaDAmAM ilAhI varSa ane mAsanA nAmanA lakhANavALA, sikkA bahAra paDavA. A ja arasAmAM ke e pachI sulusa nAmane badale saMkra--gavarazAdI (akabarI TekA) nAma dharAvatA sikkA tathA enA bhAga-eka-TAMkI beTAMkI, cAra-TAMkI vagere mUlya nAma dharAvatA sikkA bahAra paDayA ane akabaranA rAjyanAM chellAM varSo sudhI paDavA cAlu rahyA. tAMbAnA A sikkAomAM pUrA "phulUsa' ke "TaMkA'nuM vajana 310 thI 315 grena sudhI maLe che, jyAre cAra-TAMkI Azare 240 grena, ekAMkI Azare 57 grena (mULa 60 grena) ane beTa kI Azare 120 grena tajananI maLe che. TaMkAmAM bevaDA vajananA 620 thI 630 grenanA maLe che jahAMgIranA amadAvAdanA sikkA lakhANa banAvaTa vajana vagerenI daSTie avanavI bhAtanA che. sonA ane tAMbAnA mukAbale cAMdInA sikkA vadhAre saMkhyAmAM maLe che. lakhANamAM gadya karatAM padyane vaparAza vadhu rahe che. amadAvAdane jahAMgIrano senAne je sikko atyAra sudhI seMdhAyo che te enA rAjyakAlanA 14mA varSamAM bahAra paDayo hoI ema dhAraNa karavAmAM

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pariziSTa ] gujarAtanI TazALAmAM paDAyelA siA [ 217 AvI che ke A varSe (ha.sa. 1028) pahelAM jahAMgIranA sikko sAnAnI dhAtumAM ahIM TaMkAye| nahi heAya. A sikkAnuM lakhANa jahAMgIranA bhAratanI khIjI TaMkazALAnA sikkAonA lakhANanI jema padyamAM che ane vajanamAM e lagabhaga 170 grenaneA che. AvA sikkA hi.sa. 1033-rA. va. (rAjya vaM) 18 sudhI ahAra paDyA hatA. hi.sa. 1033 pachI nUrajahAMnA vasavALA jahAMgIranA rAjya-amalanAM hellAM cAra varSo daramyAna enA nAnA sikkA TaMkAyA, jenuM lakhANa A pramANe che : eka taraph : (kaDInuM paheluM caraNa) : bahukame zAhe jahAMgIra yAphata sada jevara ane rAjyavanI ane hijarI varSoMnI saMkhyA khIjI tarapha : ( kaDInuM khIjuM caraNa : ) nAme nUrajahAM bAdazAha begama jara ane TaMkazALa-nAma (paMktine artha : samrATa jahAMgIranI AjJAthI senuM arthAt nANuM nUrajahAM bAdaza hu-egamanuM nAma enA para a Mkita thavAthI se| AbhUSaNaiAthI suzAbhita thayuM.) A bhAtaneA nUrajahAMnA nAmavALA amadAvAda 8 kazALanA seAnAnA sikko mAtra hi.sa. 1037 te maLyeA che. jahAMgIranA amadAvAda TaMkazALanA cAMdInA sikkA vadhu saMkhyAmAM ane vadhu bhAtAnA maLe che. enA rAjyakAlanA pahelA varSanA sikkAone mULa nAma 'salIne lIdhe 'salInI sikkAo' paNa kahevAmAM Ave che, vajanamAM A sikkA akabaranA sikkAo jeTalA che. A pachInA cAMdInA sikkA vajanamAM saheja vadhAre 200 thI 205 grenanA che. emAM eka taraph mAtra kalamA ane TaMkazALa-nAma ane bIjI tarapha bAdazAhanAma ane lakaba rUddIna muddamma nadAnIracAyAApha gArgI ane rAjya varSanI saMkhyA AvAmAM Avela che. be ke traNa vaSa pachI, hi.sa. 1017 mAM, AthI paNa vadhAre vajanavALA (220 grena sudhInA) sikkA bahAra paDayA, jenA lakhANanI padya-pa`ktimAM TaMkazALa nAmaneA paNa samAveza thayA che.

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218] mughala kAla mi. kuM" A bhAtanA sikkA mAtra traNeka varSa sudhI bahAra paDayA hoya ema lAge che. A ja lakhANa ane banAvaTanA, paNa halakA eTale ke pahelAMnA vajana (169thI 174 grena)nA temaja bIjI bAjuvALA lakhANanA zabdo ke akSaronI saheja judI goThavaNa dharAvatA sikkA hi.sa. 1027 ane 1033 vacce bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA. e pahelAM hi.sa. 127(rA. va. 17) daramyAna navA padyalakhANavALo sikko paNa bahAra paDa hatA. A ja varSa eTale potAnA rAjyakAlanA 13 mAM varSa(hi sa 1027)mAM jahAMgIra gujarAtanI mulAkAte Avyo tyAre ene eka navI ja jAtano sikko bahAra pADavAne vicAra Avyo, jeNe mAtra enI nahi, paNa AkhA hiMdanI sikkA-zreNImAM navI ja bhAta pADI. A sikkAo para ilAhI varSanA je mAsamAM sikko kAle te mahinAnuM rAzi cihna ApyuM che ane e "rAzivALA sikakAo" tarIke oLakhAya che. amadAvAdanI TaMkazALa mAtra cAMdInA A sikkAo mATe maryAdita rAkhavAmAM AvI hatI ema lAge che, kemake atyAra sudhI ahIMne senAne eka paNa rAzi-sikako maLyo hovAnI jANa nathI. laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM eka kuMbha rAzivALa senAne sikako che, jenI pAchalI bAju kuMbha rAzinuM cihna ane AgalI bAju jahAMgIranI amadAvAda TaMkazALanA nAmane samAvI letI upayukta cAMdInA sikkAvALI paghapaMkti che, paNa enI hijarI varSa saMkhyA temaja padyapaMktinuM lakhANa bhUlabhareluM hoI temaja enI banAvaTanI dRSTie e banAvaTI sAbita thayo che.' jahAMgIranA amadAvAdanA cAMdInA rAzi-sikkA paNa mAtra hi.sa. 1027(rA. va. 17)nA upalabdha che ane vajanamAM 171thI 175 grena che. je rAzinA sikakA maLyA che te A che : mepa vRSabha mithuna kaka siMha ane vRzcika. ne enI AgalI bAju para bAdazAhanuM nAma, TaMkazALa-nAma temaja hijarI varSanI saMkhyAvALuM lakhANa, gagha athavA padyamo che. gadyanuM lakhANa nadAra zAde gavara vADhazAha che, jyAre padya-paMkitamAM TaMkazALa-nAma paNa samAvI levAmAM AvyuM che. - vacagALAmAM eTale ke hi.sa. 1020 ane 1027 vacce hijarI varSanI sAthe ilAhI varSa tathA ilAhI mAsanuM nAma darzAvatA be judI judI bhAtanA eka gadya ane bIjA padya lakhANavALA sikkA bahAra pADyA. gadya lakhANavALA sikkA hi.sa. 1022 (rA. va. 8) sudhI rahyA ane e ja varSathI padyalakhANavALA sikkA bahAra paDayA. gaghavALA lakhANamAM eka tarapha bAdazAhanuM nAma haddIna gAMjIra zA kAraNo ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa nAma ane ilAhI varSa ane

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pariziSTa gujarAtanI TakazALAmAM paDAyelA sikkA [19 mAsa temaja hijarI varSavALuM lakhANa che. padyalakhANamAM TaMkazALanA nAmane samAveza thayo che. amadAvAda TaMkazALanA nUrajahAMnA nAmavALA sikkAonI bhAta enA senAnA sikkAonI bhAtathI saheja judI che. baMnenuM lakhANa ekasarakhuM che, paNa zabdonI goThavaNanA phera uparAMta cAMdInA sikkAmAM rAjya temaja hijarI varSa sonAnA sikkAnI apekSA pAchalI bAju para ane TaMkazALanuM nAma AgalI bAju para apAyuM che. hi.sa. 1035 sivAya nUrajahAMnA nAmavALA cAMdInA sikakA maLyA che. jahAMgIre cAMdImAM eka bIjI navI bhAtanA bahu halakA vajananA sikkA paDAvyA, je sAdhAraNa calaNa mATe nahi, paNa vizeSa avasaro para chAvara karavA vagere hetusara vAparavA mATe TUMkAyA hatA ema enA upara ApelAM nAme. parathI jaNAya che. amadAvAda TaMkazALanA nithAra prakAranA be sikkA maLyA che. 43 grena vajananI upalabdha nithAra hi.sa. 1027 (rA. va. 13)mAM bahAra pADI hatI. amadAvAdanA jahAMgIranA tAMbAnA sikkAonI traNa bhAta maLI che ekamAM sI rtAjI (eTale TAMkI) evuM sikkA-nAma eka tarapha ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa, nAma ane IlAhI varSa ane bhAsa, bIjImAM AgalI bAju jhArI (jahAM. gIrano) ane bIjI bAju se hamAvA (ahamadAvAdano paisa) ane hijarI varSa saMkhyA ane trIjamAM eka tarapha khAnI (calaNI) ane rAjyavarSa ane bIjI tarapha se kadamazADha ane hijarI varSanI saMkhyA evAM lakhANa che. maLI AvelA tAMbA-sikakAonuM vajana Azare 236, 246 ane 306 grenanuM che.. A sikkA ati alpa saMkhyAmAM maLI Ave che enuM eka mukhya kAraNa akabaranuM tAMbA-nANuM vipula saMkhyAmAM calaNamAM hovAthI A dhAtumAM vadhu sikkA bahAra pADavAnI jarUra na hatI evuM manAya che. zAhajahAMnA sikakAomAM pharI kalamA ane cAra khalIphAonAM nAma-guNavALuM lakhANa apanAvavAmAM AvyuM. enA rAjyakAlanA pahelA varSanA amadAvAdanA sikkAonI eka bhAtamAM prathama vakhata hijarI varSanI saMkhyA sAthe. sanA phigarI (hijarI sana) e saMvata-nAmathI ane rAjyakAlanA pahelA varSane paNa AMkaDAne badale zabdomAM sanA sara (paheluM varSa) e pramANe ulekha thaye che. bIjA varSanA sikkAomAM pharI ilAhI varSano upayoga thayo.

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sughala kAla [X* $3 zAhajahAMnA amadAvAdanI TaMkazALamAM traNe dhAtuomAM sikkA bahAra paDavA hatA, jemAM seAnA ate tAMbA-nANuM apa sakhyAmAM prApya che. seAnAmAM 170 grena ane cAMdImAM 180 grena vajana nirdhArita hatu`. :210 ] atyAra sudhI maLI AvelA seAnAnA sikkAonI eka bhAta e che jemAM eka tarapha traNa paMktimAM kalamA ane nIce TaTaMkazALanuM nAma ane ilAhI varSanI saMkhyA tathA mAsanuM nAma ane bIjI taraph bAdazAhanuM nAma ane purA lakaba ane hijarI varSanI saMkhyAvALu lakhANa che. A bhAtanA sikko hi.sa. 1043 mAM bahAra paDayo hatA. e pachInA sikkAomAM eka taraph ceArasa kSetramAM kalame ane hijarI varSanI saMkhyA ane AjubAju hrAMsiyAmAM cAra khalIphrAnAM nAmavALuM sUtraka ane khIjI tarapha cArasa kSetramAM zAheJajJAna vAvAd AgI ane rAjyava`saMkhyA ane AjubAju hAMsiyAmAM enAM nAma ane lakabanA bAkInA aA ane TaMkazALa-nAmavALuM lakhANa che. zAhajahAMnA sikkAonI A mukhya bhAta che, je enA amalanA chellA varSa sudhI cAlu rI hatI. zAhajahAMnA amadAvAdanA cAMdInA sikkAotI paNa AvI e bhAta che, jemAMnI bIjI bhAtanA sikkA enA rAjyakAlanAM moTA bhAganAM varSoMna upalabdha che. taduparAMta enA A dhAtunA sikkAnI trIjI bhAta che, je enA rAjyA rAhaNunA varSamAM bahAra paDI hatI, emAM amuka para va-sa MkhyA sAthe hijarI saMvatanA nAmane nirdeza paNa thayA che. A bhAtanA sikkAmAM eka taraph sTamo, TaMkazALanuM nAma ane nirdeza sAthe athavA vagara hijarI varSasakhyA ane khIja ju. bhAdazAhanuM nAma ane lakakhavALuM lakhANa che. A bhAtanA amuka sikkAe para hijarI varSoMnA badale bIjI tarapha rAjyava` saMkhyA paNa maLe che. zAhajahAMnA ahIMnA tAMbA-nANAnI e bhAta prApta thaI che. ekamAM eka tarapha Tse zAnaddAnI (zAhajahAMnA paisA) ane rAjyavaCnI-sa`khyA tathA khojI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma ane ilAhI mAsa-nAmanuM lakhANa che. bIjI bhAtamAM sikkAnI khIjI taraphanAM lakhANa temaja geAThavaNamAM saheja krUraka che. A tAlu jahAMgIranA tAMbA-tANAnI jema jUja che. zAhajahAMnA samayathI ja paradeza sAthenA vadhatA vepAra temaja mAmadInAnI hajayAtrA mATe mukhya baMdara banelA evA surata zaheranI TaMkazALa vadhu kAryazIla -khatI hatI, pariNAme zAhajahAM ane enA anugAmIonA amadAvAda TaMkazALatA sikkAonI saMkhyA raphate raphate ochI thatI gaI.

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pariziSTa ] gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikA [22. zAhajahAMnA aMtima samayamAM gujarAtanA subedAra murAdabaNe hi.sa. 1068 mAM rAjyapadane dAvo karI potAnA nAmanA sikkA pADayA. emAM amadAvAdanI TaMkazALanuM nANuM senA ane cAMdInI dhAtuomAM che, paNa tAMbAnANuM maLyAnI jANa nathI. murAdababsanA A sikkA eka ja prakAra ane zAhajahAMnA. sikkAonI mukhya bhAtanA che. ene senAne eka ja sikko upalabdha che. ane e laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che. A sikkA vajana vageremAM zAhajahAnA dharaNanA che. auraMgajhebane ahI ne senAne sikako bahAra paDyo hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. enA cAMdInA sikkAonI paNa ahIMthI mukhyatve eka ja bhAta bahAra. paDI hoya ema lAge che, jemAM eka tarapha padya paMktimAM lakhANa ane hijarI varSa saMkhyA ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma ane rAjya-varSa saMkhyA darzAvatuM auraMgajhebe zarU kareluM gaghasatra. auraMgajhebanA sikkAonI A mukhya bhAtamAM hi.sa. 1091 sudhI AgalI, bAjumAM varSa-AMkaDo chelI paMktimAM ane e pachI pahelI paMktimAM aMkita. thayo, e sivAya bIje kaI pheraphAra nathI. vajanamAM paNa e A ke A pachInA. sikkA lagabhaga pUrA ane zuddha racanA che. auraMgajhebanuM amadAvAdanuM tAMbAnANuM maLyuM nathI. auraMgajhebanA anugAmIonA amadAvAdanA sikkA ghaNI ochI saMkhyAmAM temaja bhAtanI dRSTie paNa bahudhA eka ja prakAranA maLe che, jemAM eka tarapha hijarI varSasaMkhyA sAthe paupaMkti hoya che, bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa nAma ane rAjya-varSa ApatuM oraMgajhebe zarU kareluM gadyasatra saheja phera sAthe che. zAhaAlama bahAdura(zAhaAlama 1 lo)nA A TaMkazALanA adhaeka Dajhana jeTalA cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che, jemAM bAdazAhanuM nAma dharAvatI padyapaMktine badale navA gadyasatrane prayoga thayA, je enA moTA bhAganA anugAmIonA. sikkAomAM vaparAyuM. A sikakAomAM eka tarapha e gadyasUtra ane hijarI varSanI saMkhyA ane bIjI tarapha auraMgajhebavALA TaMkazALa-nAma ane rAjya-varSa saMkhyAvALA sUtranuM lakhANa che.

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22) sughala kAla || 5. kayuM jahAMdArazAhanA traNeka cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che, je eka ja bhAtanA che. AmAM eka bAju hijarI varSanI saMkhyA ane enA nAmanI paghapati temaja bIjI bAju TaMkazALanAma vagerevALuM sUtra che. ene paNa tAMbAno sikko eka khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che. pharukhasiyarane amadAvAdanI kathALane senAne eka paNa sikko maLe nathI. cAMdImAM daseka sikkA noMdhAyA che, jemAM eka bAju hijarI varSasaMkhyA ane enA nAmavALI padyapaMkti che ane bIjI bAju TaMkazALa-nAma vagerevALuM sUtra che. khasiyaranuM tAMbAnANuM atidurlabha che ane e mAtra kalakattAnA InDiyana myujhiyamamAM che. phalUsabhAtanA A sikkA para eka tarapha se jaliyara vADhazAha (harakhasiyara bAdazAhane paiso) ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALanAma vagere. vALuM uparyukta sUtranuM lakhANa che. vajanamAM A sikko 212.5 grenano che. rauddajAtanuM paNa mAtra cAMdInuM ane e paNa eka bhAtanuM nANuM maLyuM che, je durlabha che. sUciomAM seMdhAyelA traNeka sikkA bhAtamAM upara jaNAvelA pharkhasiyaranA sikkA jevA che. rIuddarajAtanA sikkAomAM TaMkazALanuM upanAma jhInatunciArlDa (nagaronuM AbhUSaNa) noMdhapAtra che. raphIuddavalA zAhajahAM 2 jAnA amadAvAdanA mAtra cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che, je atidurlabha che. A sikkAo para baMne bAju gaghasatravALuM lakhANa che. | muhammadazAhanA sikakA auraMgajhebanA bIjA anugAmIo karatAM vadhu che. ene senAne eka sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hevAnuM kahevAya che, jyAre cAMdInA sikkA lagabhaga badhAM myujhiyamomAM che. A sikkA bhAtamAM zAhaAlama bahAduranA sUtravALA sikkAo jevA che. ahamadazAhane amadAvAdane mAtra cAMdIne ja eka sikko maLyo che, je lakhANa tathA bhAtamAM muhamadazAhanA TakazALanAmavALA sikkA jevo che. AlamagIra 2 jAna senAno sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che. enA cAMdInA traNacAra sikkA maLyA che, je lakhANa temaja bhAtanI dRSTie muhammadazAha ane ahamadazAhanA sikkA jevA ja che. zAhajahAM 3janA paNa mAtra cAMdInA traNacAra sikkA prApta thAya che teo paNa e ja bhAtanA che. zAhaAlama jAnA traNe dhAtumAM sikkA maLyA che, paNa enI saMkhyA a5 che. sonAne je eka sikko maLyo che te tathA cAMdInA sikkA paNa pharkhasiyara vagerenI padyapaMktivALA lakhANanI bhAvanA che.

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pariziSTa ] gujarAtanI TakazALAmAM paDAyelA sikkA rira3 enA tAMbAnA sikkA zAhajahAMnA tAMbAnA sikkAnI bIjI bhAtanA eTale me zAhagAmI (zAhaAlamano paiso) ane rAjya-varSa tathA TaMkazALa-nAmanA sUtravALA che. bIdara batanA paNa traNe dhAtuomAM sikkA maLyA che. senAnA ochAmAM ochA cAra sikkAonA aritatvanI mAhitI che. enA paNa senA ane cAMdInA sikkAonI bhAta eka che, je pAchalA mughala samrATonA padyalakhANavALA sikkA jevI che. bIdara bakhtane tAMbAno sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che.. muhammada akabara 2 jAnA cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikkA maLyA che. cAMdIne sikko pAchalA mughala samrATonA sikkA muvAra* vagere gadyasUtravALA lakhANanI bhAtanA che. enI bIjI bAjunA lakhANamAM akSara nAgarImAM aMkita che, je sUcave che ke A sikkA vaDodarAnA gAyakavADa taraphathI bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. tAMbAmAM paNa enA sikkA enA purogAmIonI kulusavALI bhAtanA che. A chellA pAMca bAdazAhanA sikkAo para paNa TaMkazALa-cihno jovA maLe che. 2. pATaNa gujarAtanA jUne pATanagara (aNahilavADa) pATaNa mATe sikkA para 'naharavAlA pattana" ke "zahare pattana" nAme aMkita maLe che. gujarAtanA sulatAnanA samayamAM ahIM TaMkazALa na hatI. mughala samayamAM mAtra akabaranA rAjyakAlanI zarUAtanAM thoDAM varSo daramyAna ahIM TakazALamAM mAtra hi sa. 884 ane 885 mAM bahAra paDelA sikkA maLe che e jotAM e hi.sa 985 pachI baMdha karavAmAM AvI hoya ema lAge che, akabaranA ahIMthI traNe dhAtuomAM sikakA bahAra paDavA hatA, jemAM senAnA sikkA atidurlabha che. cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikkAonI paNa saMkhyA jhAjhI nathI. A badhA sikkA enAM bhAta lakhANa vagere bAbatomAM amadAvAdanA sikkAone maLatA che. akabarane senAnA eka sikko laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che ema seMdhAyuM che, paNa enuM varNana upalabdha nathI. enA cAMdInA gaNyAgAMThayA sikkAomAM bhAratamAM lakhanana pravinizayala myujhiyamanI sikakA cimAM be namUnA naMdhAyA che. 1* e uparAMta bIjA eka

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224] mughala kAle sikkA vize mAhitI prakAzita thaI che. A badhA sikkA bhAtamAM ekasarakhA che, je amadAvAdanI dAssalatanata upanAmavALI bhAtomAMnI eka bhAtane maLatI che. emAM eka bAju geLa sikkA para vacamAM TapakAMvALI be lITIothI banelA cesa kSetramAM kalamo ane AjubAju hAMsiyAmAM cAra khalIphAovALuM ane bIjI bAju evA ja kSetramAM samrATanuM nAma tathA hijarI varSasaMkhyA ane hAMsiyAmAM mAnasUcaka lakaba, rAjyanA amaratva mATe prArthanA ane TaMkazALa-nAma garva ra zAre navA pattana (naharavAlA pATaNa zaheramAM kAyo) e lakhANa che. gujarAta banAvaTanA akabaranA cAMdInA sikkA-gujarAtanI mahamUdI jevA, jeonA para TaMkazALanAma nathI ane reva. TelaranA mate je surata khAte TaMkAyA hatA te sikkA pATaNanI TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDavAnuM vidhAna zrI. sI. Ara. siMghale karyuM che. zrI. siMghale AvA je 80 sikkAonA abhyAsa pachI pitAne mata bAMdhyo che, temAM amuka para hijarI varSasaMkhyA 979, 990 997, 999 vagere apAI hovAnuM temaja amuka para pATaNa TaMkazALanuM nAma paNa vAMcI zakAya che ema noMdhyuM che, paNa A sikakAonI ApelI chApamAM e spaSTa AvyuM nathI, eTale zrI siMghale cacelA sikkA joyA sivAya A viSaya para nirNayAtmaka abhiprAya ApI zakAya ema nathI. akabaranA pATaNanA sikkA paNa durlabha kahI zakAya. atyAra sudhI ene. eka phalUsa reva. Telare prakAzita karyo hovAnI mAhitI che. A sikko amadAvAdanA tAMbAnA sikkAonI e bhAtanA jevuM che, jemAM goLa sikkA para vacovaca vacamAM TapakAMvALA be ADI lITIothI vaheMcAyelA kSetra para nIce lakhANa che. AgalI bAju para jhUre navA pasana (nAhavAlA paTTaNazaheramAM DhaMkAyele paiso) ane bIjI bAju hijarI varSa zabdo ane saMkhyA baMnemAM apAyuM che. 14 3, mAlapura akabaranA sikkAo para TaMkazALanuM nAma "mAlapuramAM maLe cheA mAlapura agAunI mahIkAMThA ejansImAM ane hAla sAbarakAMThA jillAmAM amadAvAdathI Azare 100 kilomITara uttarapUrva dizAmAM AveluM mAlapura evo sikkAzAstrIone mata che, joke TaMkazALavALI rAjadhAnI amadAvAdathI ATalI najIka bIjI TaMkazALanI zI AvazyaktA haze e emane mana keyaDArUpa che, paNa ahIMnI TaMkazALa pATaNanI jema ahapajIvI ane mAtra hi.sa. 983 thI 905 daramyAna ja kAryazIla rahI temaja emAM DhaMkAyelA sikkA paNa jUja saMkhyAmAM prApya che. hi. sa. 885

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pariziSTa) gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikkA [225 pachI bahAra paDele ahIMne kaI sikko maLyo nathI, eTale e varSamAM e TaMkazALa baMdha karavAmAM AvI haze. mAlapuranA traNe dhAtuomAM sikakA maLyA che. senA ane cAMdImAM eka eka ane tAMbAmAM cAra-cha sikkA noMdhAyA che e jotAM ahIMnA sikkA durlabha gaNAya. senAnA sikkA para amadAvAdanI jema mAlapurane sAhasliA (khilAphatanI rAjadhAnI)nA mAnasUcaka upanAmathI biradAvavAmAM AvyuM che e eka rIte mAlapuranI rAjakIya agatyanuM dyotaka che. 15 ahIMne senAno je sikko prakAzita thayo che te AkAramAM geLa, 168 grena vajanane ane hi.sa. 984mAM TaMkAyelo hato temaja lakhANa vageremAM e ja varSamAM amadAvAdamAM DhaMkAyelA sikkA jevo che. 16 mAlapurane cAMdInA sikko mAtra laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che, senAnA sikkAnI bhAtane hevAnuM kahevAya che, paNa emAM varSa-saMkhyA pAllI bAju para ApavAmAM AvelI che. 17 mAlapuranA tAMbAnA sikkA lakhANamAM akabaranA amadAvAdanA tAMbAnA sAdA kSetravALI eka bhAta jevA che, paNa lakhANanI goThavaNa saheja judI che. AgalI bAju para pAMca paMktimAM sikkAnuM ane TaMkazALanuM nAma siva me purU garve mApura ane bIjI bAju traNa paMktimAM hijarI varSa zabda ane saMkhyAmAM ApavAmAM AvyuM che. A sikkAo para TaMkazALa-cihna paNa che. tAMbAnA sikakA hi.sa. 984 ane 885 mAM DhaMkAyA hatA. 4. susta surata khAte saltanata samayamAM TaMkazALa hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. mughala samayamAM akabare ahIM TaMkazALa sthApI hatI. surate TaMkazALa tarIke agatyanuM sthAna te jahAMgIranA samayamAM dhAraNa karyuM. zAhajahAMnA samayathI te e gujarAtanI pradhAna TaMkazALa banI gaI hatI ema kahI zakAya. samagra rIte joIe te paNa suratanA sonA ane cAMdInA sikkA amadAvAda sudhdhAM gujarAtanI bIjI koI eka TaMkazALanA sikkAo karatAM saMkhyAmAM vadhAre che. akabaranA suratanA sikkA atidurlabha che. atyAra sudhI mAtra cAMdInA be . sikkA seMdhAyA hovAnI mAhitI che. AmAMnA lAheranA paMjAba myujhiyamavALA I-6-15

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226 mughala kAla namUnAmAM "surata" temaja "AbAnInI joDaNImAM bhUla che, 18 paNa ene bIje namUne e ja varSamAM ane e ja mAsamAM bahAra paDele prakAzita thayo che temAM "surata" ane "AbAnInI joDaNI kharI che. 19 suratanA jahAMgIranA sikkA pramANamAM ochA maLe che. atyAra sudhI prApta sikkAmAM keI sikkA para hi sa. 1028 pahelAMnuM varSa maLyuM nathI, eTale lAge che ke suratanI TaMkazALamAM sikkA enA rAjyakAlanA uttarArdhamAM bahAra pADavAmAM AvyA haze. jahAMgIrane senAne eka sikko laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che, je nUrajahAMnA nAme hi.sa. 1036 mAM kAryo hato. e amadAvAdanA nUrajahAMnA sikkAnI bhAtane che. cAMdInA sikkAomAM eka bhAta to AvI ja che ane bIjI bhAta paNa amadAvAdanA ilAhI varSa ane mArA darzAvatI ane bAdazAhanuM nAma gaghanA lakhANamAM dharAvatI bhAta jevI che. jahAMgIrane tAMbAno sikko eka khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che, paNa e vize vigata upalabdha nathI. zAhajahAMnA suratanA sikakA lakhANa ane bhAtanI dRSTie lagabhaga amadAvAdanA enA sikkA jevA che. eka bhAta to sAva ahamadAvAda jevI che. vartuLakSetramAM eka tarapha kalama, TaMkazALa-nAma ane ilAhI varSa-saMkhyA ane mAsa tathA bIjI tarapha bAdazAhanuM nAma, lakaba ane hijarI varSa saMkhyA: A bhAta mAtra enA senAnA sikkAmAM che, je ati durlabha che. senAnA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta upara varNavelI enA cerasa kSetravALI ati sAdhAraNa bhAta che. cAMdImAM senAnI ilAhI varSa ane mAsavALI bhAtane sikako hajI maLyo nathI, jyAre corasa kSetravALI bhAtanA suratanA sikakA sArI saMkhyAmAM prApya che. suratanI TaMkazALamAM zAhajahAMnA rAjyakAlanA pahelA varSamAM cAMdIne eka navI bhAtano sikko bahAra paDyo temAM eka tarapha kalamo ane hijarI varSasaMkhyA ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma tathA enA nAmavALI padyapaMkti che. A ja varSamAM hijarI sananA nAmanizavALA sikkA bahAra paDavA,je ochAmAM ochA hi.sa. 104ra sudhI bahAra paDavyA hatA. zAhajahAMnA rA.va. 6thI corasa kSetravALI bhAta cAlu thaI, jerA.va. 30 sudhI cAlu rahI.

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pariziSTa gujarAtanI TaMkazALAmAM paDAyelA sikkA rira7 enA suratanA tAMbAnA sikkA juja saMkhyAmAM ane eka bhAtane maLe che. murAdabambano senAne eka sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hevAnuM kahevAya che. enA cAMdInA sikkAomAM eka navI dhArmika lakhANa ane padyapaMktivALA bhAta che. A bhAtanA sikkA ati durlabha che ane laMDananA briTiza myujhiyama uparAMta bhAratamAM mAtra nAgapuranA senTrala myujhiyamamAM che. AmAM eka tarapha kalama TaMkazALa-nAma ane hijarI varSa-saMkhyA che ane bIjI tarapha A paghapaMkti che. amadAvAdavALI enI bhAtanA cAMdInA sikkA ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLe che. murAdabambanuM suratanuM tAMbAnANuM senAnA nANAnI jema durlabha che. e eka ja bhAtanuM ane kazI vaividhya vagaranuM che. A sikkA para eka tarapha kuNe murAddazAhI ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma ane rAjya-varSanuM lakhANa che. 21 surata TakazALanA traNe dhAtumAM saMkhyAmAM sauthI vadhu sikkA auraMgajhebanA che. enA rAjyakAlanuM bhAgye ja koI varSa haze, jemAM aMkAyela cAMdIno sikko na maLyo hoya. enA pahelA varSanA senA temaja cAMdInA sikkAomAM TaMkazALa-nAmamAM surata sAthe "vare muvAra' (zubha baMdara) upanAmane prayAga temaja e pachInA sikkAomAM AgalI bAju para hijarI varSanA AMkaDA upalI ke vacalI paMktimAM apAyA hovA sivAya bhAtanI daSTie enA sikkAomAM kaMI vaiividhya ke navInatA daSTigocara thatI nathI. sonA ane cAMdInA sikkAonI eka ja mukhya bhAta che, jemAM eka tarapha enA nAmavALI padyapaMkti ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma vagerevALA sUtranuM lakhANa che. auraMgajhebanuM ahIMnuM tAMbA-nANuM be bhAtanuM prApta che : ekamAM eka tarapha se nivazA (auraMgajhebazAhane paisa) ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALanAma ane rAjya vanasaMkhyAvALuM lakhANa che. A bhAtanA amuka sikkAemAM bIjI bAjunA lakhANanI goThavaNa saheja judI che. bIjI bhAtamAM eka tarapha TaMkazALanuM nAma ane hijarI varSa-saMkhyA ane bIjI tarapha gutra muvAra sanA (zukanavaMtu rAjyArohaNa varSa phalANuM) e lakhANa che. AjhamarAhanA suratanA mAtra cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che, je ghaNuM durlabha che. bhAtamAM e enA amadAvAdanA sikkA jevAM che. ' zAhaAlama bahAduranA A TaMkazALanA senA ane cAMdImAM sikkA ThIka saMkhyAmAM prApya che. A sikkAo para AgalI bAjunuM lakhANa enA amadAvAdanA

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/ tra. 6 sikkA jevu', paNa geAvaNamAM saheja pheravALu che temaja khIjI bAjuvALu lakhANu krazA pheraphAra vinAnI aura MgajhebavALI TaMkazALa-nAma vagere sUtravALu che. eneA suratane tAMbAnA sikko hovAnuM Telare nAMkhyuM che, paNa e vize kAMI vigata ApI lAgatI nathI,22 228] sughala kAla suratamAM DhaMkAyelA jahAMdArazAhanA eka sAnAnA sikko laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM che, jyAre enA cAMdInA sikkA ekAda Dajhana jeTalA maLe che. baMne dhAtuna AsikkAonuM padyapaMkti vagerevALuM te bAjunuM lakhANa enA amadAvAdanA sikkAonA lakhANa jevuM che, mAtra geAThavaNamAM saheja phera che. enA cAMdInA suratanA sikkAnI eka khIjI bhAta che, jemAM AgalI bAju para hijarI va saMkhyA sAthe enA nAmavALI bIjI padyapakti che. jahAMdAzAhane tAMbAnA sikko reva. TelaranI pAse hatA, je phulUsabhAtanA che. emAM eka taraphne gaddAMvArazAdI ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-- nAma ane rAjya--va che.23 suratanI TaMkazALanA sikkAonI saMkhyAmAM auraMgajhebanA anugAmI AmAM khasiyaranA muhammadazAha pachI bIjo naMbara Ave che, ene senAne eka ja sikko maLyA hAvAnI jANa che, je kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM che. mA temaja enA cAMdInA sikkA enA rAjyanA chellA varSomAM amadAvAdamAM TakAyelA enA cAMdInA sikkAnI bhAta jevA che. mAtra bane kazALAnA sikkAemAM AgalI bAjunA padyapaktivALA lakhANa ane hijarI va-saMkhyAnI gAThavaNamAM saheja phera che. kkhasiyaranA cAMdInA sikkA enA rAjyakAlanAM badhAM varSoMnA upalabdha che. ene tAMbAne kulUsa eka khAnagI saMgrahamAM hateA, je reva. Telare prakAzita karyo che. emAM eka tarapha se heviyara vArazAha tathA bIjI bAju auraMgajhebavALuM TaMkazALa-nAma vagere sUtra che. A sikkA para kAI varSa nathI. raphIudarajAtanA suratanA senA ane cAMdInA ekaeka sikkAnI bhAta maLI che. A anukrame kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM ane muMbaImAM mahArASTra rAjyanA purAtattvakhAtAmAM che.24 ane sikkA lakhANa ane ge|ThavaNa baMne rIte eka ja bhAtanA ane A bAdazAhanA amadAvAdanA cAMdInA sikkAone maLatA che. ene tAMbAne sikko reva. Telara pAse hatA, jemAM lakhANa apUrNa che. 25

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pariziSTa gujarAtanI zALAmAM paDAyelA sikkA [220 raphIudaulA zAhajahAM ra jAnA sikkA traNe dhAtuomAM maLe che H senAmAM eka, cAMdImAM ardhoeka Dajhana ane tAMbAmAM eka. sonA ane cAMdInA sikkA eka jevA che ane basa e muvAravALI bhAtanA che. enA tAMbAnA sikkAmAM eka tarapha se zAhaga vAdrazAda (zAhajahAM bAdazAhane paise) ane hijarI varSa-saMkhyA ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma vagerevALuM sUtra. muhammadazAhanA suratanA cAMdInA sikkA sArI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha che, paNa sonA nANuM durlabha che. A baMne dhAtuonA enA sikkAnI be mukhya bhAta che : ekamAM eka tarapha hijarI varSa ane enA nAmavALI padyapaMkti ane bIjI tarapha TaMkazALa-nAma ane rAjyavarSavALuM pracalita sUtra che. A bhAtanA sikkA enA rAjyakAlanAM-prAraMbhanAM cAra-pAMca varSo sudhI DhaMkAyA hoya ema jaNAya che. bIjI bhAtanA sikkA enA amadAvAdanA sikkAnI jema "siksa me muvA 'vALI zreNInA che. A bhAtanA sikkA enA rAjyakAlamAM pahelethI chevaTa sudhI kAyA hatA. muhammadazAhanA suratanA tAMbAnANamAM reva. Telare be bhAta neMdhI che.' ahamadazAha, AlamagIra 2 , zAhajahAM 3 che ane zAhaAlama rajAnA caMdIne maLelA sikkAonI saMkhyA nAnI che e muhammadazAhanA gadya lakhANavALI bhAtanA che. zAhaAlama 2 ne sonAne eka sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che. 27 enA temaja AlamagIra 2 jAnA be rUpiyAnA sikkA paNa nedhAyA che. 28 A cAramAMthI kaI bAdazAhano tAMbAno sikko maLyo nathI. 1 suratanI TaMkazALamAM ke enA nAme IsTa InDiyA kaMpanIe I.sa. 1800 mAM zAhaAlama ra jAnA nAmathI senA ane cAMdInA sikkA bahAra pADayA hatA. 29 akabaranA gujarAta-banAvaTanA sikkA paNa A arasAmAM suratanI TaMkazALamAM pharI pADavAmAM AvyA hatA evI sikkAzAstrIonI mAnyatA che. suratanI TaMkazALa vize eka bIjI seMdhapAtra hakIkata e che ke tyAM A bAdazAhanAM nAmathI DhaMkAyelA ardhA rUpiyA paNa upalabdha che, jyAre bhAratanI bIjI TaMkazALAnA ardhA durlabha che. 5. khaMbhAta * muslima tavArIkhakAroe khaMbhAtanuM nAma "kaMbAyata" tathA "khaMbhAyata " lakhyuM che. gujarAtanA sulatAnonA samayamAM tyAM TakazALa sthapAI hoya ema

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ra30] mughala kAla pri. kahuM, lAgatuM nathI. mughala bAdazAhanA samayamAM paNa tyAM kyAre TaMkazALa sthapAI e nizcita karavuM muzkela che. akabara ke jahAMgIrane A raMkazALane kaI sikko maLyuM nathI. jahAMgIre enA rAjyakAlanA 12 mA varSa(hi.sa. 1027)mAM khaMbhAtanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre eNe khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALamAMthI vizeSa vajananA cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikaka paDAvelA ema eNe potAnI rojanIzImAM jaNAvyuM che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa e sikkAonAM vajana lakhANa vagere bAbatonI vigata paNa ApI che, paNa AmAMne eka paNa sikako maLyo nathI. khaMbhAtano zAhajahAMne rAjyavarSa 14/hi.sa. 1051 mAM bahAra paDela cAMdIno sikko A TaMkazALanA upalabdha sikkAomAM sarva prathama mughala sikko che. tyAra pachI AlamagIra ra jAnA samaya sudhI A TaMkazALa sakriya rahI. auraMgajheba, zAhaAlama bahAdura ane muhammadazAha sivAya bIjA koI bAdazAhane A TaMkazALamAMthI bahAra paDele sonAno sikko temaja ke I paNa mughala bAdazAhane tAMbAno sikko maLe nathI. khaMbhAtanuM nAma khAsa karIne TaMkazALanI sakriyatAnI zarUAtanAM varSomAM bahAra paDelA sikkAo para judI judI rIte lakhAyuM che. zAhajahAM ane murAdabanzana sikkA para gAmanuM nAma "khaMbhAyata' maLe che. A ja nAma auraMgajhebanA rAjyakAlanAM pahelAM thoDAM varSonA sikkAo para aMkita maLe che, paNa enA rAjyakAlanA 6 ThThA ane 17 mA varSa vacce, ghaNuM karIne rA. vi. /hi.sa. 1077 mAM, "khaMbhAyatane badale "kaMbAyata' joDaNI apanAvAI. enA temaja enA anugAmIonA sikakAo para chelle sudhI "kaMbAyata" nAma maLe che. zAhajahAMnA chellA varSa eTale ke hi.sa. 1069/rA. va. 3ra nA eka sikkA mAM TaMkazALa-nAma "khaMbhAta" aMkita thayuM hovAnuM zrI. sI. Ara. siMghale ne huM che. 33 paNa emaNe A sikkAnI chApa ApI nathI. A TaMkazALanA zAhajahAMnA sikkAomAM kaMI khAsa vaividhya nathI. upalabdha sikkA cerasa sikkAvALI pracalita bhAtanA lakhANavALA temaja amadAvAda, ane suratanA lakhANanA sikakAonI bhAtanA che. senAmAM ene ahIMnA mAtra be sikakAonA astitvanI jANa che ane cAMdImAM paNa beeka DajhanathI vadhu noMdhAyA lAgatA nathI. murAdabaNe paNa khaMbhAtamAM sikkA paDAvyA hatA. kSetra lakhANa goThavaNa vagere bAbatamAM A sikkA enA amadAvAda ane suratanI TaMkazALanA sikkAo

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pariziSTa ] gujarAtanI TazALAmAM paDAyelA siddhA [ 231 jevA che. murAdabakhzatA ahIMnA senAnA sikko khAnagI sa MgrahamAM hAvAnuM ja kahevAya che. enA cAMdInA sikkA sAva du^bha nathI. auraMgajhebanuM khaMbhAtanuM nANuM seAnA ane cAMdI baMne dhAtuomAM maLe che. enA sikkA seAnAmAM Dajhaneka jeTalA ane cAMdImAM sArI saMkhyAmAM maLe che, A sikkA gujarAtanI, balke bhAratanI, bIjI TaMkazALAnA enA sikkAnI mukhya bhAtanA che. cAMdInA sikkAomAM paNa lagabhaga Ama ja che. pahelA varSanA cAMdInA sikkA AkheDUta sAnAnA sikkA jevA che. AjhamazAhanA ahIMthI kAI sikko bahAra paDayo nathI, paNa zAhaAlama ahAduranI TaMkazALAmAM surata pachI khabhAtane naMbara Ave. ene sAnAnA eka sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hAvAnuM kahevAya che, paNa e aprakAzita hAI enA lakhANa ke bhAta vize mAhitI upalabdha nathI. enA cAMdInA sikkA amadAvAdanA enA sikkAonI e bhAtanA jevA che. emAM pahelI bhAtanA sikkA pahelAthI chellA varSa sudhI maLe che, jyAre khIjI bhAtanA mAtra enA rAjyArohaNunA pahelA vanA. AkharI mudhala bAdazAheAmAM jahAMdArazAha, krU khasiyara, raphIudaranata, raphIuddaulA zAhajahAM 2 jo, ahamadazAha ane AlamagIra r jAmAMthI kAI paNa bAdazAhanA seAnAnA sikko prApta nathI thayA. emanA cAMdInA sikkAonuM lakhANa emanA amadAvAda ane suratanA sikkAonA jevuM che, paNa enI geAThavaNumAM saheja phera che. muhammadazAhane khaMbhAtaneA seAnAne sikko khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnu kahevAya che. alabatta, Ama teA khaMbhAta mughalAI saltanatathI I.sa. 1730 mAM eTale ke muhammadazAhanA samayamAM ja juduM paDI gayuM hatuM, paNa bhAratanAM khInna sthaLeAnI jema ahIMthIya A samaya pachI paNa mughala bAdazAheAnA nAmanA sikkA bahAra paDatA rahyA. chellAmAM chelle khabhAtanA sikko AlamagIra 2 jAna maLe che. amadAvAda surata vagere jema kha'bhAtanI TaMkazALanAM paNa enAM AgavAM TaMkazALa-cihna maLe che.

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232] mugha0 kAla pri. . 6 junAgaDha mughala kAlamAM jUnAgaDhamAM zAhajahAM pahelAM kazALa sakriya hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. gujarAtanA sulatAnemAM mahamUda begaDAnA jUnAgaDha-vijaya pachI ahIM TaMkazALa sthapAI hatI, paNa akabare jUnAgaDha phateha karyuM e pachI enA ke jahAMgIranA samayamAM ahIM TaMkazALa kAryazIla rahI hoya ema lAgatuM nathI,34 sauthI pahelAM zAhajahAMnA samayane hi.sa. 1049 mAM ahIM TakAyelo sikko maLe che tyAMthI laI hi.sa. 1131 sudhI zAhajahAM uparAMta auraMgajheba, zAhaAlama bahAdura, pharkhasiyara, zAhajahAM ra je ane muhammadazAhanA sikkA ahIMthI bahAra paDavyA hatA. A TaMkazALamAM tAMbAno sikko paDyo hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. senAnA sikkA paNa ghaNA durlabha che. zAhajahAM ane auraMgajheba sivAya bIjA keI bAdazAhane ahIMno sonAno sikko maLyo nathI. cAMdInA sikkA upara jaNAvelA badhA bAdazAhanA upalabdha che. A TaMkazALanA sikkAonI eka noMdhapAtra hakIkata e che ke TaMkazALanAma jUnAgaDhanA nAmanI joDaNI traNa judI rIte karavAmAM AvI che : zAhajahAMnA sikkAomAM ekadhArI gunAra (=nAra) eTale ke gunA aMketa che, jyAre auraMgajhebanA hi.sa. 1070 thI 1072 ane 1077 thI 1096 daramyAna DhaMkAyelA sikkAo para sunAva ( junAgaDha) lakhAyeluM che ane hi.sa. 1099 pachInA sikkAo para pharI gunAjara (=sunAra) maLe che. hi.sa. 1078 rA.va. 5 ane ka nA sikkAomAM nAma junAgaragadha (junAgaDha) arthAta gunAAdane gaDha maLe che. zAhajahAMnI senAnI mahera kalakattAnA inDiyana myujhiyamamAM che te enA A ja TaMkazALanA amuka cAMdInA sikkAo jevI cerasakSetra ane hasiyAvALA lakhANanI sAdhAraNa bhAtanI che. cAMdImAM hi.sa. 1050 rA. va. 14 sudhI A bhAta cAlu rahI, paNa e ja varSathI bahAra paDelA sikkAomAM bIjI bAju para rAjyavarSa aMkita nathI. rAjyavarSa vagaranI A bhAtano eka arthe rUpiyo paNa khAnagI saMgrahamAM hevAnuM kahevAya che. jUnAgaDha saMkazALane murAdabaSNane eka paNa sikako maLyo nathI e sUcaka gaNAya, jayAre auraMgajhebanA sikkA pramANamAM sArI saMkhyAmAM maLyA che. auraMgajhebanA ahIMnA sikkAonI eka mukhya viziSTatA e che ke gujarAtanI

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pariziSTa ] gujarAtanI TakazALamAM paDAyelA sikkA [233 TaMkazALomAM mAtra A ja TaMkazALanA enA rAjyakAlanAM lagabhaga pahelAM 30 varSonA sikkAonuM, enA sikkAo para maLatuM ati sAdhAraNa padyapaMktivALuM temaja rAjyavarSa ane TaMkazALa nAmavALA sUtranuM lakhANa e sikkAonA pUrA geLa kSetramAM che ke pAMca paMktiomAM nahi, paNa zAhajahAMnA ati sAdhAraNa bhAtavALA sikkAonI jema carasakSetra ane AjubAju hAMsiyAovALI goThavaNa pramANe ApavAmAM AvyuM che. auraMgajhebano je senAne sikkA neMdhAyo che te paNa carasa kSetravALI bhAtane che. eka bIje sonAne sikkA khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che, paNa enI vigata maLatI nathI. cAMdImAM paNa moTA bhAganA sikkA A corasa segavALI bhAtanI che. alabatta, judAM judAM varSomAM hAMsiyAnA lakhANanI goThavaNamAM phera hoya che. cAMdInA sikkAnI bIjI bhAta auraMgajhebanA atisAdhAraNa geLa kSetravALI bhAta che. AmAM hijarI varSa AgalI bAju para bAjI paMktimAM aMkita che, - jyAre bIjI bAjunuM rAjyavarSa vagerene lagatA, auraMgajhebe zarU karelA sUrAvALuM lakhANa amadAvAda ane suratanI TaMkazALanA sikkAo jevI goThavaNavALuM che. auraMgajhebanA anugAmIonA ahIMnA sikkA pramANamAM durlabha che. AjhamazAhano to koI sikkA maLyo nathI. jyAre bAkInA bAdazAhanA, zAhaAlama bahAdura ane phakhasiyarane bAda karatAM, ekabe ekabe sikkA maLyA che. zAhaAlama bahAduranA cAMdInA cheDA sikkA maLyA che, je enA amadAvAda ane kha bhAtanI TaMkazALamAMthI pahelA rAjyavarSa pachI paDelA sikkAonI bhAtanA che. zAhaAlama bahAduranA sikkA para TaMkazALanuM nAma "junAgara' lakhAyuM che. nAmanI A joDaNI bAkInA mughala bAdazAhanA sikkAo para aMkita che. pharu khasiyaranA cAMdInA sikkA lakhANa goThavaNa vagere bAbatamAM enA gujarAtanI bIjI TaMkazALonA sikkAthI bhinna bhAtanA nathI. reva. Telare emanA lekhamAM raphI 3davalA zAhajahAM 2 jano cAMdIne eka sikako varNa vyo che. lakhANa ane goThavaNamAM enA bIjI TaMkazALonA sikkA jevI sajja me muvAra zAha 16 * vAtazAhU nAvALI bhAta che 35 muhammadazAhanA jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALamAM pahelA rAjyavarSa mAM DhaMkAyelA eka ke be sikkA maLyA che, je atisAdhAraNa gaghasUtra sajja e guvAra vagerevALI bhAtanA che. muhammadazAha pachInA koI mughala bAdazAhane jUnAgaDhane sikko maLyo

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ra34] mughala kAla hevAnI neMdha nathI. Azare I.sa. 1825 mAM jUnAgaDhanA navAbanA sikkA paDAvA zarU thayA tyAM sudhI mughala bAdazAhanA nAmanA sikkA paDayA to hovA joIe, paNa emane eka paNa namUno hAtha lAgyo nathI. 7. prabhAsa pATaNa saurASTranA vikhyAta tIrthadhAma prabhAsamAM zAhajahAMnA samayamAM TaMkazALa hevAnuM tyAMthI bahAra paDelA sikkAo parathI jaNAya che. sikkAo para TakazALanAma "pattana (paTTaNa) deva36 ( deva paTTaNa) aMkita thayuM che. zAhajahAM sivAya bIjA koI mughala bAdazAhane sikako ahIMthI bahAra paDela maLyuM nathI ane khuda zAhajahAMnA badhA upalabdha sikkA paNa enA rAjyakAlanA varSa 10-hi.sa. 1947mAM ja TaMkAyA hatA. A TaMkazALamAM sonA ane cAMdInA sikkA TaMkAyA hatA. senAno eka sikko maLyo che, je khAnagI saMgrahamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che. e prakAzita thayo na hovAthI enI bhAta tema lakhANa vize kaMI kahI zakAya e nathI, paNa tyAMthI bahAra pahelA rUpiyA-cAMdInA sikkA jevI bhAtane haze evo tarka asthAne nathI. ahIMnA cAMdInA sikakA paNa cAra pAMcathI vadhu maLyA nathI, eTale e durlabha gaNAya. tAMbAne eka paNa sikko maLyo nathI. cAMdInA sikkA zAhajahAMnI atisAdhAraNa corasakSetra ane hAMsiyAvALI bhAtanA sikkA jevA che. enuM lakhANa ane enI goThavaNa amadAvAda TakazALanA AvA sikkAo jevAM che. 8 jAmanagara mAtra bAdazAha auraMgajhebanA atyAra sudhI noMdhAyelA cAMdInA be sikkAo37 parathI enA samayamAM jAmanagara(e samaye navAnagara)mAM TaMkazALa hatI ema jANavA maLe che. A sikkAo para TaMkazALanAma "haralAmanagara aMkita thayuM che. "ilAmanagara' eTale saurASTranA hAlAra prAMtamAM AveluM navAnagara (jAmanagara) e sAbita thayuM che. 38 A TuMkazALane cAMdInA A be namUnAo sivAya bIjo koI sikako maLyo nathI, eTale A sikkA paNa atidurlabha gaNAya. prabhAsapATaNavALI TaMkazALanI jema ahIMnI Ta ThazALa paNa vadhu samaya mATe kAryazIla nahi rahI heya. Ama paNa auraMgajhebanA mRtyu pachI navAnagara rAjya jAmane pAchuM meMpavAmAM AvyuM hatuM.

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pariziSTa] gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikakA [235. 9. jetapura saurASTramAM bhAdaranA dakSiNa kAMThe DhasA-jetalasara temaja rAjakoTa-jetalasara, lAIna para AvelA navAgaDhanI pUrve najIkamAMnA eka vakhatanA jetapura rajavADAnA mukhya mathaka jetapuramAM paNa mughala TaMkazALa hovAnuM A nAma dharAvatA ahamadazAhanA eka sikkA parathI mAlUma paDe che. A sikkAnI temaja navI TaMkazALanI prathama mAhitI paNa khvAjA muhammada ahamada sAheba dvArA maLI phasalI varSa 1339 (I.sa. 1929-30) mAM haidarAbAdanA sTeTa myujhiyamamAM AvelA sikkAemAM eka sikako para khAjA sAhebe jetapura TaMkazALa nAma vAMcI e upayukta jetapura ema sUcavyuM.39 e pachI zrI siMghale emanI mughala TaMkazALa-zahera sUcimAM saurASTramAM jetapura nAmanuM eka nahi, paNa cAra rajavADAM hatAM ane A cAre rajavADAMone astitvamAM AvyAne bahu samaya thayo na hovAthI emAMnA eka paNa jetapuramAM mughala TaMkazALa hoya ema bane nahi evuM maMtavya rajU karyuM. sAthe sAthe "jetapUra' zabda para sikakAmAM 'taldIda--mAtrA hoI TaMkazALa nAma "netapura nahi, paNa "jayatapUra' ane e emanA mate hAla e mahArASTranA ratnAgiri jillAmAM rAjApura gAma pAse AveluM "jastapura" (e ja lekhamAM bIjI jagyAe joDaNI "jayapura" che) ema emaNe jaNAvyuM. pitAnA A kathananI pUrti mAM emaNe e hakIkata paNa rajU karI ke "jayatapura' thI cAra mAIla dUra AvelA rAjapura(islAma baMdara)nI TaMkazALamAM auraMgajheba ane muhammadazAhanA sikkA bahAra paDyA hatA eTale ahamadazAhe paNa pitA ane prapitAmahanI jema "jayatapura khAte sikkA paDAvyA hoya e vadhu banavAjoga che." zrI. siMghalanA A vidhAna sAthe maLatA thavuM muzkela che. pahelAM to chapAyelI pleTa parathI TaMkazALanuM nAma "jetapUra nahi, paNa jetapara ke "jetapura" che, jyAre khvAjA sAheba ane zrI siMghala baMnee "jetapUra" vAMcyuM che. bIjuM zrI siMghale jaNAvela "taddIdI jevuM cihna che kharuM, paNa e "tazadIda" nahi, paNa eka suzobhana rUpAMkana paNa hoI zake. ema na hoya te paNa emanA ja kahevA pramANe je tadIdavALA nAmanA kharA pAThavALuM jayatapUra (je AjatipUra' paNa vAMcI zakAya) emaNe sUcavelA rAjapuravALuM jayatapUra ke jayapUra hoya to pachI jetapura kema na hoI zake ? bIju ahamadazAhanA pitAnI TaMkazALa mAtra eka kilomITara pAse AvelA rAjapura khAte hatI, te pachI putranA samayamAM tyAMthI jayapUra lAvavAnuM prayojana samajI zakAya ema nathI.

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:236] sughala kAla [*. }}* mArA mate TaMkazALa nAmane uccAra 'jetapura' ke 'jetapUra' ke 'jayyatapUra' nahi, paNa 'jetapara' che, je.A zaheranA pracalita saurASTrI uccAra che. zrI. siMdhale jetapurane adyatana rajavADu' gaNyu` che, paNa TaMkazALa hevI ke na hovI e muddA aMge rajavADuM nahi, paNa zahera adyatana ke purAtana che e jovu joIe, eTale atyAra pUratuM teA A TaMkazALa hAla rAjakoTa jillAmAM Avela jetapura zaheramAM hatI ema mAnavuM rahyuM. A TaMkazALane mAtra upara jaNAvelA eka ja sikko noMdhAyA hoI e spaSTata: atidurlabha che. A sikko ahamadazAhanA rAjyakAlanA sAtamAM varSomAM TakAyelA hatA ane bhAtamAM eTale ke lakhANa ane gAThavaNa vagere bAbatemAM etA amadAvAda khabhAta ane suratamAMthI bahAra paDelA sikkA jevA che. 10, bharUca bharUcamAM I.sa. 1748 mAM tyAMnA khInna navAba tekaAlamakhAna 2 jAe sudhala bAdazAha ahamadazAha 2 jAnI TaMkazALa cAlu karI hAvAnu` kahevAya che,41 paNa e bAdazAhanA tyAMthI bahAra paDelA sikko haju sudhI maLyA nathI. AlamagIra 2 jAte bharUcanA cAMdInA sikko reva. Telara pAse hAvAnuM kahevAya che, paNa enuM vana kA jagyAe prakAzita thayu hovAnI mAhitI nathI, eTale enI bhAta vagere vize kaMI kahevuM zakaya nathI. chatAM enA amadAvAda surata ane khaMbhAtanA je Dajhaneka cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che te badhA enA gadya lakhANa-sikkA e muvAra% AmIra vArazAda nAnI-( AlamagIra bAdazAha gAjInA zubha sikko ) vagere vALA hAi bharUcanA sikko paNa e bhAtanA hAya e vadhu banavAjoga che. AlamagIra 2 jAnA anugAmIomAM mAtra zAhaAlama 2 jAnA ahIM TakAyelA cAMdInA sikkA nAMdhAyA che, je teka AlamakhAna 2 jA taraphathI bahAra pADavAmAM AvyAnuM kahevAya che.42 I.sa. 1772 mAM IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIe bharUca kabaje karyu. e pachI eNe mughala bAdazAhanA nAmanA e ja prakAranA sikkA ahI thI bar3Ara pADavA cAlu rAkhyA, kayA sikko kayA navAna taraphathI ane kayA sikko kaMpanI taraphathI TaMkAyeA hateA e aMkita vaSa uparAMta enAM pRthak TaMkazALacihno parathI nizciMta thAya che. bharUcanA zAhaAlama 2 jAnA sikkA lakhANa vageremAM enA suratanA sikkAe jevA che, paNa bharUcanA sikkA kadamAM nAnA jADA ane sulekhananI dRSTie UtaratI kakSAnA che ane vaLI sikkAnA kappA moTA hovAthI ane

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pariziSTa gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikkA [237 dhAtunuM kada nAnuM hovAthI moTA bhAganuM lakhANa aMkita thayuM nathI chatAM, je betraNa zabda AvyA che te parathI A sikkA zAhaAlamanA gadya lakhANavALA sikkAo jevA che.43 11, vaDodarA vaDedarAnI TakazALamAMthI bahAra paDelA zAhaAlama 2 je ane muhammada akabara 2 jAnA nAmavALA sikkA upalabdha che, je vaDedarAnA gAyakavADa rAjA e TakAvyA hovA joIe, paNa banAvaTa lakhANa vageremAM e A bAdazAhanI bIjI TaMkazALAnA sikkA jevA che. sikkAo para TaMkazALa-nAma varIyA (=vorA) aMkita che. ahIMnA zAhaAlama 2 jAnA cAMdI ane tAMbuM e baMne dhAtuonA sikkA noMdhAyA che. cAMdIne sikko laMDananA briTiza myujhiyamamAM hovAnuM kahevAya che, paNa e aprakaTa heI enAM lakhANa ane bhAta vize mAhitI nathI. enA tAMbAnA sikkAne ekamAtra namUne lAhoranA paMjAba myujhiyamanI sikkA-sUcimAM noMdhAyo che, je enA rAjyakAlanA 44mA varSamAM bahAra paDayo hato ane enA nAmanI paghapaktivALuM lakhANa dharAvatI bhAtane che. A sikkA para moTA bhAganuM TaMkazALanA nAma sahitanuM lakhANa kapAI gayuM che, paNa e vaDedarA khAte TaMkAyo hato e tyAMnA TaMkazALa-cihna parathI nizcita thAya che. akabara 2 jAne tAMbAno eka sikko I.sa. 1904mAM lakhanI myujhiyama mATe kharIdavAmAM AvelA eka khAnagI saMgrahamAM hato ema e vizenI eka noMdha parathI jaNAya che,4pa paNa tyAra pachI prakAzita thayelI lakhanau myujhiyamanI be sikkA-saciomAMthI ekeyamAM paNa enuM varNana apAyuM nathI eTale AvA sikkA vize kaMI vadhu vigata ApavI zakya nathI. / 12 itara TaMkazALe A uparAMta porabaMdara ane siddhapurane sikkA-sAhityamAM thoDA samaya pahelAM mughala TaMkazALanAM sthaLa tarIke sUcavavAmAM AvyAM hatAM, paraMtu pachI mAlUma paDayuM che ke tyAM mughala TakazALa hatI nahi 46 akabaranA samayamAM eka TaMkazALa sItapura khAte hatI. nelsana rAITa ane bIjA sikakAzAstrIonA mate A sItapura te paMjAbanA mulatAna pAse AveluM che. A bhAtanA amuka sikkAo para "sImUra' jevI joDaNI hatI ane evI spaSTa joDaNIvALo eka sikko che. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla pAse Avyo tyAre

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238] mughala kAla emaNe e vize lakhelA eka lekhamAM bIjA sikkAo para spaSTa maLatA "sItapura vize e sUcana karyuM ke siddhapuramAM akabare enI mAtA hamIdAbAnuM begamanI amuka dhArmika vidhi karI hatI tyAre tyAM sikkA paDAvyA haze ane e para TaMkazALanuM nAma "sItapura" aMkita karAvyuM haze. bIjA zabdomAM, emaNe sItapura e uttara gujarAtanA mahesANA jillAmAM AveluM siddhapura evuM sUcana karyuM (JNSI, Vol. V, P. 76f.), paraMtu siddhapura vizene muslima tavArIkhamAM AvelA ulemAM siddhapuranuM A rUpa maLatuM nathI, eTale "sItapura siddhapura mATe vaparAyuM hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM cAMpAneramAM TaMkazALa sthapAI hatI. mughala samrATa humAyUe Di.sa. 942(I.sa. 1535)mAM cAMpAnera jItyuM tyAre e varSamAM ahIMthI cAMdI ane tAMbAnA sikakA bahAra paDyA hatA. AmAMnA upalabdha sikkAonI saMkhyA thoDI che. cAMdInA sikkA humAyUe bhAratanI bIjI TekazALamAMthI pADelA sikkAonI bhAtanA che. cAMpAneravALA cAMdInA sikkA para eka tarapha dhArmika kalame ane cAra khalIphAnAM nAma temaja bIjI tarapha bAdazAhanuM nAma, lakaba, TaMkazALa-nAma tema hijarI varSavALuM lakhANa che.*9 tAMbAmAM lAhoranA paMjAba myujhiyamamAM be bhAta neMdhAI che, je lagabhaga eka jevI che. eka tarapha tAraNe 42 caMpAnera (94ra varSamAM caMpAnera) ane bIjI tarapha nava rAhe murArama (vaMdanIya zaheramAM TaMkA) evuM lakhANa che.48 bIjI bhAtamAM AgalI tarapha ja zabda umerAyo che, jethI AkhA lakhANane artha "942 mAM caMpAneranI phateha' evo thAya.49 hi.sa. 94ranA A thoDA sikkAo pachI ahIMthI kaI mughala sikko - paDyo nathI, kemake gujarAtamAM pharI gujarAtanA sulatAnenuM rAjya sthapAyuM ane pachI akabare gujarAta jItyuM e arasAmAM to cAMpAnera verAna thaI gayuM hatuM. pAdaTIpo 1. Ane artha Ama paNa ghaTAvI zakAya : alAha akabara che, tene "jalAla' (gorava) goravavaMta ! 2. Gana HiE ozil Numismatic Supplement (NS), No. II, p. 235; No. VI, p. 266; Vol. XXIV, p. 463.

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pariziSTa] gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA sikkA [239 3. Catalogue of Indian Coins in the British Museum, London, Vols. I & II : Mughal Emperors, (BMC), No. 357 8. Catalogue of Coins in the Provincial Museum, Lucknow, (LMC), Vol. 1, p. 20, fn. 1 A padya-paMktine atyAra sudhI badhA sikkAzAstrIoe-C. J. Brown jevA prakhara sikkAzAstrI sudhdhAMe-gadyalakhANa mAnyuM che (juo LMC, Vol, I, p. 20, No. 17), paNa kharI rIte e kAvya-kaDI che. TaMkazALanuM nAma Apato zabdasamUha alaga samajavAthI eTale ke bIjI bAjunA lakhANamAM muccanavAne badamAvAnuM vizeSaNa samajavAthI A bhUla thaI. paNa brAuna ke bIjA sUcikAre "muttaravA ne amadAvAda TaMkazALanuM upanAma gaNavAnI bhUlane bhoga banyA nathI, paNa nAgapuranA senTrala myujhiyamanI sUcimAM " munavADhIne upanAma lakhavAnI bhUla karI che (juo Catalogue of Coins in the Central Museum, Nagpur (NMC), No. 325-30]. mahArASTra purAtatvakhAtAnA sikkAonI sUcimAM A zabdane janInAvAya vAMcI ene ahamadAbAda-TaMkazALanuM upanAma gayuM che. [juo Catalogue of Coins of Mughal Emperors in the Department of Archaeology, Maharashtra State, Bombay. (MBAC) Nos. 19-20]. A zabdano kharo uccAra suttavyanavA" ane artha "suzobhita ho!' tema thAya che. guNInAvAya arthavihIna che. 6. zAhajahAMnA badhA sikkAomAM vayANa samAna nA badale kAnameM kumAra ne prayoga thayo che. baMneno artha eka ja che. 7. BMC, No. 692 8. "bilAdano artha "nagare' thAya che paNa arabImAM e sAmrAjya ke pRthvInA sAmAnya arthamAM paNa vaparAya che. 9. muhammada akabara 2 jAnA cAMdInA sikkAo sAva aprApya nathI. I.sa. 1972nA mArca mAsamAM ANaMdanA mAmalatadAra zrI ema. e. desAI dvArA riporTa mATe AvelA sikkAomAM tenA A TaMkazALanA thoDA sikkA hatA. 10. LMC, Nos. 319-320 11. NS, No. XI, pp. 322-23; No. XXVI, p. 493 12. haju sudhI pUrA lakhANavALo sikko maLyo nathI, paNa judA sikkAo paranAM lakhANo temaja amadAvAdanA uparyukta bhAtavALA sikkAnA lakhANane sarakhAvI AkhuM lakhANa Ama haze ema nizcita thAya che.

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240) mughala kAla pri. 66 13. Journal of the Numismatic Society of India (INSI), Vol. XII,. pp. 57-63, Plate VLA, Nos. 1-13. 28. NS, No. XXIV, pp. 479-80 (with Illustration) 15. paNa mAlapurano tavArIkhomAM ullekha nathI maLato e Azcaryajanaka kahevAya. 16. JNSI, Vol. I, P. 45 20. Ibid., 241 zra Numismatics Chronicle (NC), Vol. III( 5th series)mAM chapAyo che paNa A sAmayika jovA maLyuM nathI. 26. Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore, Vol. II (PMC), (Coins of the Mughal Emperors), No. 355 and note. reva. Telara Ane surata TaMkazALane mAnatA nathI. juo Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (JBBRAS), Vol. XXII, p. 249, fn. 1 19. NS, No. XXVI, pp. 493-94. A sikkAnuM vajana 160 grena che. ra0. BMC, No. 699; NMC, No. 972 uparyukta baMne keTalo gemAM A paMktinA pahelA caraNano pATha apUrNa temaja azuddha che. zrI siMghale INSI, XXII(1961) mAM A kaDInA pAThamAM je sudhAro sUcavyuM. che te to vadhu goTALAbharyo che. 21. NS, No. 1, p. 73; NMC, Nos. 974-75 22. JBBRAS, Vol. XXII, p. 249 23. Ibid, Vol. XXII (1907), p. 264. reva. Telare NC, Vol. XVI (Third a series)mAM paNa phakhasiyarane tAMbAno sikko prakAzita thayAnuM nepyuM che. ra4. LC, No. 1815: NMC, No. 704. 24. JBBRAS, Vol. XXII, p. 264 ra6. Ibid, Vol. XXI[, p. 266 ra7. NS, No. XXXVII, p. 18. enA suratanA (sIsA para cAMdIno DhoLa caDAvelA) Azare nava tolAnA sikkA mATe juo JNSI, Vol. XX, p. 48. RC. JBBRAS, Vol. XXII, pp. 267-268 ra9. A bAbatamAM vistArapUrNa carcA mATe juo ibid, pp. 268-70. 30. Ibid, p. 268. zrI siMdhalanA A vizenA maMtavyane upara pATaNa TaMkazALanA varNanamAM ullekha karavAmAM Avyo che. 31. Memoires of Jahangir, Eng. tr. by. Rogers and Beveridge, p. 418 32. thoDA samaya pahelAM hi.sa. 1947ne zAhajahAMne sikko khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALane prathama upalabdha sikko mAryo hato, paNa A kharuM nathI (LMC, Vol. I, p.lix).

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pariziSTa ] 33. LMC, No. 512 34. zrI sI. Ara. sidhala muMbaInA prinsa Apha velsa myujhiyamanA cAMdInA eka sikkAne akabaranA jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALanA sikkA tarIke lekhe che. A sikkAnuM 72 grena vajana akabaranA bhAratanI khIjI kAI paNaTaMkazALanA sikkAonA vajana karatAM sAva juduM che. mATe ene e para akabaranA aAhA akabara jalla jalAleAhU vALA pATha sivAya varSoM ke TaMkazALa-nAma nathI paNa sikko junAgaDhamAM kharIdavAmAM AvyA che te jotAM sikko jUnAgaDha taraphanA hoya tema teo mAne che (JNSI, Vol. XII, p. 67); paNa A dalIla vicitra nahi teA pAMgaLI tA jarUra kahevAya. 35. NS, NO. XIX, p. 422 gujarAtanI TaMkazALamAM paDAyelA siddhA [21 36. arakhI lipimAM lakhAyela 'deva'ne 'dIva' tarIke paNa vAMcI zakAya, e jotAM A jagyA prabhAsa nahi paNa saurASTramAM Avela "dIva" heAya tema pahelI najare lAge, paNa muslima tavArIkheAmAM dIvane acUka 'dI'lakhavAmAM Ave che ane 'pattana' (paTTaNa ) enI sAthe joDIne lakhavAmAM Avyu' nathI. 37. Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of H. E. H. Nizam's Dominions (ARADN), F 1340(1930-31 A.D.). Appendix I, p. 45. 38. JNSI, Vol. XV, pp. 108-09, Plate I, 9 39. ARADN, Fasli 1339 (1929-30 A.D.), p. 52; NS, Vol. XLII, p. 23, 4. C. R. Singhal, Mint-towns of the Mughal Emperors of India, Pp. 23-24 41-42. JNSI, Vol. V, p. 97 43. zAhaAlama 2jAnA sikkAo va. Telara uparAMta zrI ema. ke. ThAkoranA sagrahamAM hatA je para emaNe eka vistRta lekha enI chApa sAthe JNSI, Vol. V, pp. 97-103mAM pragaTa karyAM hatA. 44. PMC, No, 3198 45. NS, No. 1V, p. 375 46. mI. eca. nelsana rAITa ane Ara. bI. vhAITaheDa jevA prakhara sikkAzAstrIoe aura'gajheba, zAhaAlama bahAdura, kru khasiyara ane muhammadazAhanA sikkAe para TaMkazALa nAma kapAI gayu. hAvAthI enA aMze| parathI 'puramaMdara' vAMcI A zahera te saurASTranu` mazahUra zahera pArakhaMdara ema jaNAvyuM hatudeg (NS, Vol, IV, p. 108; Vol. XIV, p. 571; Vol. XVI, p. 702 vagere). tyAra pachI I.sa. 1917mAM prinsipAla zApurazA hADIvALAe sarvaprathama peAtAnI eka dalIlabaddha vistArapUrNa

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. 242] (x. 13' noMdhamAM A Dha kALa nAma vAMcavAmAM thayelI bhUla tarapha dhyAna dorI e pArakha dara nahi paNa e samaye nijhAma--haidarAbAda rAjyamAM Avela prakhyAta killA para DA hAvAnA tarka karyo hateA ( NS, Vol. XXXI, pp. 368 ff.). tyAra pachI I.sa. 1921-24 daramyAna maLI AvelA e bhAtanA amuka sikkA para A nAma puru' temaja spaSTa rIte pareDA aMkiMta maLyu. hAvAthI (ARADN, Fasli 1331-34, p. 29) prA. hADIvALAnu` vidhAna satya TharyuM. e pachI paNa pareDA' spaSTa nAma dharAvatA sikkA maLI AvyA che (NS, No. XXXIX, p. 11; JNSI, Vol. VIL, p. 65). eTale peAraba daramAM muyala TaMkazALa hatI nahi e viSe kAI zakAne sthAna nathI. 47. PMC, Nos. 44 46. 48. Ibid., Nos. 90-91. 49. Ibid., No. 92 sughala kAla

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khaMDa 3 - sAMskRtika itihAsa prakaraNa 7 sAmAjika sthiti (1) hiMdu samAja mughalakAlIna gujarAtamAM hiMdu samAjanI sthiti agAunA salatanata kAlamAM hatI e karatAM koI viziSTa prakAre bhinna nahotI. selaMkI kAlamAM tAtibheda thayA hatA te vadhAre sAMkaDA ane jhINA thayA tathA reTI-beTI vyavahAra agAu kadI nahete eTalo saMkucita thato gayo. prathama uttara bhArata upara ane pachI bAkInA bhArata upara turko ane islAma dharma pALatA anya paradezIone vijaya thayuM tyAre dhArmika-sAmAjika anekavidha navA prazna UbhA thayA. enA praznonA saMdarbhamAM bhAratIya saMskAritAnA eka navA yugane anekavidha taMgadilIo ane saMgharSonuM anivArya astitva hovA chatAM-udaya thaye. ene abhivyakti ApavAnuM kAma pUrvakAlIna hiMduyugamAM banyuM hatuM tema, saMskRta-prAkRta bhASAe nahi, paNa lokapracalita navya bhAratIya bhASAoe upADI lIdhuM. A bhASAoe tatkAlIna samAjanI vyAvahArika jarUriyAta pUrI pADavAnI hatI te sAthe dezanI aMdara ja dezanI saMskAritA mATe laData calAvavAnI hatI. bhAratIya vicArapravAhanA nAyakee pitAnA pUrvajonA ucca sAMskArika ane AdhyAtmika vicArone AmavargamAM pracAra karavA mATe lekabhASAonuM mAdhyama svIkAryuM; hiMduonA tAttivaka ekezvaravAdano emaNe AdhAra lIdhe ane muslimonA ekezvaravAda sAthe ene svAbhAvika samanvaya sAdhavAno prayatna karyo. A prayatnanuM vAhana mukhyatve navya bhAratIya bhASAo banI. prAdezika sAhityane A rIte vikAsa thatAM vibhinna pradezanA vyaktitvanA vikAsane vega maLe. sAMskArika ane bhASAkIya pradezanA ghaDatarane rAjakIya ekamanI ghaTanA dvArA paNa uojana maLyuM,

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2 ] mughala kAla pradezanA ghaDataramAM bIjAM to sAthe vAhanavyavahAranAM sAdhana-mArgonuM viziSTa mahatva che; jemake gujarAtanA svabhAva-ghaDataramAM enA lAMbA samudrakinArAe ane videzI vepAre agatyano bhAga bhajavyo che tema pahelAM pATaNamAM ane pachI amadAvAdamAM svataMtra gujarAtI saltanatanI sthApanAe tathA enI sthira thayelI daDhatAe gujarAta-mAravADanI prAya: samAna bhASAne gujarAta ane bhAravADanI be bhASAonA rUpamAM vikasavAne avakAza Ape. e samayanuM gujarAtI sAhitya vipula pramANamAM upalabdha che. emAMnA moTA bhAganA sAhityane-premAnaMdAdinAM AkhyAnone, jaina rAsAone ane anya sAhityaprakArone cIlAcAlu artha mAM aitihAsika sAdhana gaNI zakAya ema nathI, topaNa khAsa karIne gujarAtanA hiMdu samAjanA jIvanane samajavA mATe e amUlya che. AmAMnI je kRtio aitihAsika vyaktio athavA ghaTanAone keMdramAM rAkhIne racAyelI che teone bAjue rAkhIe topaNa paurANika kathAo ke dhArmika anukRtinA vastune anulakSIne lakhAyelI kRtio gujarAtanA sAMskArika ane sAmAjika jIvananuM, vyApaka arthamAM, darpaNa banI jAya che. mughala kAlamAM thayelA mahatvanA gujarAtI kavi premAnaMdanA AkhyAne to A vidhAna savizeSa lAgu paDe che ane enI kapriyatAnuM rahasya paNa ghaNe aMze A vastumAM raheluM che. vepArI gujarAtane deza-videzo sAthene Arthika vyavahAra pUrvavata cAlu hevA chatAM ane gujarAtanAM mukhya baMdaro ane nagaromAM paradezI araba tuhI tathA yuropiyanonI vastI sArA pramANamAM hovA chatAM temaja IrAnathI AvelA pArasIo gujarAta sAthe ekatva pAmI gayA hovA chatAM gujarAtanA hiMdunuM sAmAjika jIvana nAnI jJAtio ane jJAtinA pAchA goLa ane nAnakaDA ekaDAomAM vahecAIne uttarottara saMkucita banatuM gayuM hatuM. brAhmaNa ane vANiyA enI 84 jJAtionAM nAma tathA jenA 84 gachanAM nAma e samayanA gujarAtI sAhityamAM maLe che tema "mirAte ahamadI' jevI samakAlIna phArasI tavArIkhamAM paNa maLe che. agAunA sAhityamAM AvI yAdIo maLatI nathI e sUcaka che. vaLI prApta yAdImAM nAmAvalimAM pharaka hoya athavA nAma ja ochAvattAM hoya tethI mukhya vidhAnamAM pharaka paDato nathI. vyaktinA ane kuTuMbanA jIvanamAM jJAtinuM abhUtapUrva varcasa A kAlanI lAkSaNikatA jaNAya che. hiMdu, samAjane enI paraMparAo pratye khAsa sahAnubhUti nahi dharAvanAra rAjasatA ane rAjyAdhikArIo taraphathI je saMgharSa veThavA paDatA hatA te sAme jJAtisaMsthA AmarakSaNa mATenuM eka prakAranuM kavaca hatI. emAMthI vaLI aneka taMgadilIo

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sAmAjika sthiti ane aniSTo upasthita thayAM e eka judA abhyAsane viSaya che. abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM rAjyakartAonuM hiMdu prajA upara dhArmika damana hatuM tema dhArmika sahiSNutAnI ghaTanAo hatI ane akabara jevAe e ghaTanAnAM pravartaka baLAne poLyAM paNa hato, paNa hiMdu samAja potAnAM naMdina kAryone svasthatA ane AsthApUrvaka e samayamAM vaLagI rahI zakyo hoya to emAM jJAtisaMsthAne phALe gaNanApAtra hato. gujarAtamAM mughala rAjyasattAnI UtaratI kaLA thaI ane marAThI sattA prasaravA lAgI tema hiMdu prajAmAM AtmavizvAsa vadhato jaNAya, paNa marAThAonuM mukhya dhyAna mulakagIrI dvArA zakya teTaluM dhana ekatra karavA tarapha heI sAmAjika zAMtinI AzA alpajIvI ja nIvaDI ane aMgreja rAjyasattAnI sthApanA thaI tyAM sudhI samAja pratispadhI zAsakonI sAThamArImAM aTavAyA karyo. dara varSe gujarAta upara UtarI AvatA marAThI sainike mATe arabI zabda "ganIya ' ("dhADapADu) aDhAramA saikAmAM gujarAtamAM pracalita thaI gayo hato e sUcaka che. vIramagAmane kille I.sa. 1724 pachI turatamAM marAThA sAme rakSaNa mATe baMdhAryo hato. auraMgajhebe I.sa. 1665 mAM bahAra pADelA eka pharamAnane saMpUrNa pATha mirAte ahamadI'e Apyo che. e pharamAnamAM kula 36 kalama che ane gujarAtanI prajA pAsethI amaladAro dvArA levAnA keTalAka gerakAyade verA rada karavA mATeno emAM hukama che. paNa auraMgajhebanI sAmAjika ane dhArmika rAjanIti upara emAMnI amuka kalama prakAza pADe che. hiMdu vepArIo pAMcama ekAdazI ane amAsane divase potAnI dukAne baMdha rAkhatA hatA; A rivAja baMdha karI dukAne hamezAM khullI rahe ane kharIda-vecANa badhe samaya cAlu rahe e jovAnuM amaladArone emAM pharamAvAmAM AvyuM che. hiMdu prajA divALInI rAtre rozanI kare nahi ane heLInA tahevAramAM azlIla bhASA belAya nahi tathA haLImAM nAkhavA mATe lokonAM lAkaDAM upADI javAya nahi ene baMdobasta karavAno paNa emAM hukama che. e pachIne gujarAtano sAmAjika ItihAsa jotAM A prakAranA hukamane moTA pAyA upara amala thayuM haze ke kema e zaMkAspada che. vaDanagaranuM suprasiddha hATakezvaranuM maMdira toDavAne hukama auraMgajhebe I.sa. 1694mAM Apyo hite. e ja varSamAM zAhI pharamAna bahAra paDayuM hatuM ke rAjapUta sivAya bIjA hiMduoe hathiyAra dhAraNa karavAM nahi, hAthI upara ke pAlakhImAM ke Araba ke irAkI ghoDA upara besavuM nahi. prabhAsapATaNa khAtenuM somanAthanuM maMdira agAu

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24] mughala kAla sAhI hukamathI teDavAmAM AvyuM hatuM enI tatkAlIna sthitine ahevAla auraMgajhebe I.sa. 1702 mAM maMgAvyo hato. hiMduoe emAM pUjA-upAsanAne AraMbha karyo hoya to e maMdirane pharI vAra pUro nAza karI nAkhe evuM paNu e patramAM jaNAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. dvArakAnuM vikhyAta jagata maMdira teDI nAkhavAno hukama auraMgajhebe I.sa. 1706 mAM karyo hato, paNa auraMgajhebanA jIvanane e lagabhaga aMtakALa hato ane saurASTranI rAjakIya sthiti asthira hatI, e jotAM A hukamano amala thayA haze ke kema e zaMkAspada che. - amadAvAda pAse bIbIpura-sarasapuramAM suprasiddha zAMtidAsa jhaverIe baMdhAvelA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA bhavya jaina maMdirane zAhajahAMnA rAjyakAlamAM I.sa. 1645 mAM pitAnI TUMkI sUbAgIrI daramyAna zAhajAdA auraMgajhebe gehatyA karAvIne bhraSTa karyuM hatuM ane emAM maherAbo caNAvI ene masjidanA rUpamAM pheravI dIdhuM hatuM. A sAme zAhajahAMe I.sa. 1648 mAM pharamAna kADhIne maherAba ane maMdiranI vacce bhIMta caNAvI devAnuM, maMdiramAM aDDo nAkhIne paDelA phakIrone hAMkI kADhavAnuM, keTalAka vaherAo emAMthI aneka vastuo corI gayelA te emanI pAsethI. pAchI meLavavAnuM athavA e na maLe te enI kiMmata vasUla karIne zAMtidAsane ApavAnuM pharamAna gujarAtanA sUbA zAhajAdA dArA zikohanA amadAvAda khAtenA nAyaba vairAtakhAnane jaNAvyuM hatuM, Ama chatAM traNa varSa sudhI bhraSTa ane apUjya sthitimAM paDI rahelA maMdira tarapha upAsake pharI vAra na ja vaLyA, paNa zAhajAdA auraMgajhebanA hukamathI je thayuM te pAdazAha pAse ulaTAvavA mATe zAMtidAse zuM karyuM haze enI kalpanA ja karavAnI rahe che. zAMtidAsa e samayanA moTA zarApha, zAhI jhaverI ane zvetAMbara jainenA sauthI moTA AgevAna hatA. gujarAtanA sAmAjika jIvanamAM mahAjanono je prabhAva hato ane zAsaka upara emanuM calaNa hatuM te upara A ghaTanA udAharaNAtmaka prakAza pADe che. "dharmasaMpradAya vALA prakaraNamAM e vize keTaleka vadhu nirdeza thaze. TapAla laI janArA halakArA tarIke hiMdu samAjamAM brAhmaNo paNa kAma karatA hatA. I.sa. 1699 mAM narmadAkinAre zira paragaNAnA brAhmaNoe sUbedAra jatakhAnane araja karI hatI ke phojadAra ane bIjA amaladAro emane TapAla laI javAnI veTha karavA mATe pharaja pADe che. emane aTakAvavA sUbAe brAhmaNonI tarapheNamAM hukama bahAra pADyo hato. I.sa. 1714 mAM amadAvAdanA jANItA zarApha madanagopAlana munIma harirAma pitAnA mitro sAthe haLIne tahevAra Ujavato hato tyAre eka muslima

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muM] sAmAjika sthiti [247 upara raMga chAMTavAnA banAvamAMthI amadAvAdamAM hiMdu-murilamanuM tophAna thayuM hatuM ane emAM jAnamAlanI ghaNI khuvArI thaI hatI. baMne pakSanA AgevAna pAdazAha pharkhaziyara pAse dilhI gayA hatA ane chevaTe emAM samAdhAna thayuM hatuM. I.sa. 1716 mAM mahArAjA ajitasiMhanI sUbedArI daramyAna kALupuranA sunI vaherAo IdanA divase gAyanI kurabAnI karavAne prayatna karatA hatA emAthI paNa amadAvAdamAM eka tophAna thayuM hatuM." prAcIna kAlathI bhAratanA sAmAjika jIvanamAM zreNionuM arthAta vyavasAyIonAM mahAjananuM viziSTa mahattva hatuM ane gujarAtamAM te e TheTha arvAcIna samaya sudhI cAlu raheluM che. samasta mahAjananA ane nAgarikonA agraNI te nagarazeTha. gujarAtamAM pratyeka mahattvanA nagaranA nagarazeTha heAya che. zAMtinA samayamAM emanI kAmagIrI aupacArika hatI, te azAMtinA samayamAM emanuM sthAna ane kAma aneka rIte mahattvanuM banI jatuM. enuM eka noMdhapAtra udAharaNa gujarAtanA A satyanA ItihAsamAMthI maLe che. suprasiddha zAMtidAsa jhaverInA paitra khuzAlacaMda 18 mA saikAnI pahelI pacIsImAM amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha hatA. sane 175 mAM marAThAnA AkramaNamAMthI amadAvAdane lUMTAtuM bacAvavA mATe khuzAlacaMde jAnanuM jokhama veThIne tathA pitAnI aMgata milakatamAMthI moTI rakama ApIne AkramaNakArone pAchA kADhyA hatA. A kAmagIrInI kadara tarIke amadAvAdanA tamAma mahAjanee saM. 1781nI Aso suda 13 (tA. 8 okaTobara, 1725)nA roja amadAvAdamAM AvatA ane amadAvAdanI bahAra jatA badhA bhAla upara seMkaDe cAra AnAne lAge khuzAlacaMda ane emanA vaMzavArasAne kAyamane mATe ApavAne dastAveja karI Apyo hato. judAM judAM mahAjananA hiMdu-muslima pratinidhio maLI kula 53 AsAmIonI sahI-sAkSI A dastAvejamAM che tathA valaMdA aMgreja ane phrenca vepArIone paNa A vize anumati hevAnI emAM noMdha che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsamAM ajoDa sAmAjika mahatvane A eka dastAveja che. tatkAlIna vyavahAru gujarAtI gadyamAM lakhAyelA e dastAvejamAMthI eka khaMDaka a TAMkavo prastuta thaze: .....vagere mahAjana samasta zahera amadAvAdanA maline rAjI thaIne rAjInAm kari ApU che je nabApa hemadakhAnAnA amala madhye ganImani pheje zahera lUTavAne kAje AvI hati te samAM madhye zeThajI khusAlacaMdajI lakSmIcaMdajIe paisA pitAnA gharathi kharaca kArane pitAnA jIva sudhi AdharIne amane tathA zaherane lUTATu rahyuM che te vAratI mAhajana samasta maline rAjI thaIne lakhi ApU

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[. 48] mughala kala che. je koI mAla ke chapAve tathA bAhArathi vastuvAnuM tathA kiriAnuM tathA resama Amadani lAve tathA leI jAya te rUpaiyA zata ekane mAle rAma cAra lekhe dara zata Ape tathA je kaMI kaThAne vepAra kare te Ape zeThaLa majakuranA putra putrAdikane amArA putraputrAdika Ape jAya. e lakSAthi je koI phare te te potAnA mAbApathi kare.........12 e samayanA rAjakIya jIvananI anizcitAne kAraNe paisA ApIne "zAMti kharIdavAnuM sAdhAraNa banI gayuM hatuM, paNa evI rIte kharIdelI zAMti ke ja evuM nahotuM, balake ene pariNAme AkramaNakArone lobha vadhe evuM banatuM. .sa. 1726 mAM pezavAnA senApatioe uttara gujarAtanA samRddha zahera vaDanagara upara humalo karyo. umareThanI jema vaDanagaramAM paNa zarAphIne baMdha karatA dhanika brAhmaNonI sArI vastI hatI; Akramakone cAra lAkha rUpiyA ApIne emaNe pAchA kADhayA, paNa thoDA samaya pachI bIju marAThI sainya godharAthI IDara thaIne vaDanagara AvyuM, teNe e nagarane lUMTayuM ane bALyuM. 13 vaDanagaranA nAgara brAhmaNo e samaye bIje cAlyA gayA ane keTalAka to uttara bhAratamAM jaIne vasyA, jyAM Aje paNa emanI vastI sArA pramANamAM che. sane 1730 mAM pezavAnA bhAI cimanAjI ApAe peTalAda zahera pAsethI be lAkha rUpiyA kaDhAvyA hatA tathA dhoLakA lUMTayuM hatuM. e ja varSamAM amadAvAdanA sUbA sarabulaMdakhAne nagarazeTha khuzAlacaMdanI meTI sevAonI avagaNanA karIne keTalAka khaTapaTI lekanI caDavaNIthI emane keda karyA hatA ane rezamanA vepArIonA mahAjananA zeTha gaMgAdAsane nagarazeTha tarIke nImyA hatA. chevaTe sATha hajAra rUpiyA laIne khuzAlacaMdane chuTakAro karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. 15 I.sa. 1730mAM bhUja uparanI caDAImAMthI mughala sainya pAchuM pharyuM tyAre sipAIonA pagAra caDI gayA hatA ane teo baLavo karavAnI taiyArImAM hatA tyAre sarabulaMdakhAne amadAvAda zahera mAMthI moTI rakama kaDhAvavAnuM nakkI karyuM, jeno be-tRtIyAMza bhAga hiMdu vepArIo pAsethI ane eka-tRtIyAMza bhAga vaherA vepArIo pAsethI levAne hato. 16 banelI ghaTanAonI A AchI paNa nedha nathI, pravartamAna sAmAjika paristhitine khyAla Ave e pUratAM thoDAMka udAharaNa mAtra che. A kAlanAM keTalAMka pUrta kAryonI noMdha levI ahIM prastuta thaze. varatuta: A neMdha bAMdhakAmanA zIrSaka nIce Ave, paNa sAmAjika jIvana upara enA dvArA prakAza paDe che, eTale aMze e paikI keTalAMkane udAharaNAtmaka ullekha ahIM karyo che.

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muM] sAmAjika sthiti 249 akabaranA dUdhabhAI khAna ajhIjha kokAe pATaNanA pAdaramAM badheluM khAnasarovara-je Aje paNa lagabhaga akhaMDa mojUda che--aNahilavADamAM siddharAje bAMdhelA sahastraliMga sarovaranA sthApatyakIya namUnA anusAra hatuM ema sahastraliMgane je aMza ukhanana pAme che enI sAthe tulanA karatAM jaNAya che. prAcIna aNahilavADanA sAmAjika jIvanamAM sahastraliMga sarovaranuM je sthAna hatuM. lagabhaga tevuM sthAna muslimakAlIna pATaNanA jIvanamAM khAnasarovaranuM hatuM ane Aje paNa pATaNanuM e pradhAna jaLAzaya che. I.sa. 1699 mAM peTalAdamAM pAMDava taLAva pAse zikotarI mAtAnI vAva nAgara brAhmaNa rAmajIe baMdhAvI hatI e hakIkata neMdhato tribhASI zilAlekha tyAM che. prAraMbhamAM thoDo bhAga phArasImAM, tyAra pachI saMskRtamAM ane chelle thoDIka paMktio gujarAtImAM che. saMskRta lekha anusAra A vAvanuM bAMdhakAma vi.saM. 1755 nA Aso vada 13-dhanaterazanA divase (tA. 10 okaTobara, I.sa. 1699 ne roja) pUruM thayuM hatuM. vaLI e lekha noMdhe che ke "peTapadramAM nAgara brAhmaNonAM ghaNAM ghara che ane emAMnA bhImasuta rAmajIe nAgarikonA lAbhArthe A vAva karAvI che. gujarAtI lekha A ja vigato ApavA uparAMta sthAnika adhikArIonAM nAma Ape che tathA vAva bAMdhanAra sthapatine, zilAlekha lakhanArane tathA e chetaranAra salATane ullekha kare che. pATaNanA paToLAM vaNanAra sALavIonI jJAtinI vADInA Dhala kUvA' nAme oLakhAtA kUvA uparano saM. 1757(I.sa. 1703) no zilAlekha paNa sAmAjika abhyAsanI daSTie mahattvanuM che. vastuta: e kUvA upara be zilAlekha che- I.sa. 1419 no phArasI lekha ane I.sa. 1701 ne prastuta gujarAtI lekha 18 phArasI lekha anusAra nahAvAlA(aNahilavADa)nA koTavAla abdullA-usa-sultAnIe e kuvo baMdhAvyo hata; arthAta e ke rAjyanI mAlikIne ha. I.sa. 1701 nA gujarAtI lekhamAM ene "samasta sAlavIne kRo kahevAmAM Avyo che. spaSTa che ke e varSamAM jUnA kUvAne "oraMgajeba mahAbalI kalyANavijayarAjya ' jIrNoddhAra karavAmAM Avyo haze. enA kharcane amuka bhAga saMghavI rikhava nAnajIe Apyo ane bAkIno bhAga samasta nAte A enI noMdha gujarAtI lekhamAM che, eTale dekhItuM che ke rAjyanI mAlikIne kUvo vaccenA samayamAM kyAreka sALavI jJAtinA kabajAmAM AvI gayo hato. sALavImAM evI kiMvadaMtI che ke mughala sUbA taraphathI paToLAne mazarU jovA mATe emanI jJAtine e bheTa ApavAmAM Avyo hato. paToLAMnI asAdhAraNa kArIgarIthI prasanna thaI

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250] mughala kAla AsapAsanI jagA sAthe kUvo rAjya taraphathI sALavI jJAtine maLe che e zakya che. satanatanA samayane phArasI zilAlekha ane prastuta gujarAtI zilAlekha-jemanI vacce aDhIso-traNaso varSanuM aMtara che--joDAjoDa mukAyelA che tathA e sthaLe dharmazALA ane zivAlaya baMdhAyAM che e paNa e sivAya zakya na bane. viziSTa kArIgarIne rAjya taraphathI maLelA viziSTa sAmAjika AzrayanuM eka samarthaka pramANa A zilAlekhamAMthI prApta thAya che. mughala sUbA haidarakulIkhAnanA dIvAna raghunAthadAse amadAvAdamAM kAlupura ane sAraMgapura daravAjAnI vacce, hAlanA pAMcakUvA daravAjAnI bahAra, I.sa. 176122 mAM eka vAva karAvI hatI ema "mirAte ahamadI" nedhe che. e vAva hAla mejUda che. mughalakAlamAM gujarAtI hiMduo paikI nAgaro ane kAyasthAe sarakArI nekarImAM agatyanA hoddA saMbhALyA hatA tathA phArasI rAjabhASA hAI phArasI bhASAsAhityanuM paNa sAruM kheDANa emaNe kareluM che. evA hiMdu rAjyAdhikArIemAM IzvaradAsa nAgaranuM nAma agragaNya che. IzvaradAsa eka kuzaLa vahIvaTakartA. ane mutsaddI hovA uparAMta vidvAna paNa hato ane auraMgajhebanI nokarImAM hate. auraMgajhebanA rAjyakAlanI, hiMduone hAthe phArasImAM lakhAyelI, samakAlIna tavArIkho be che--eka burAnapuranA bhImasena kAyastha racela "nukai dilakaza" ane bIjI pATaNanA nAgara IzvaradAse racela "kutuhAte AlamagIrI" athavA "AlamagIranI phatehe. * jodhapuranA vIra durgAdAsa rAThoDa ane auraMgajheba vacce saMdhi karAvI e IzvaradAsanA jIvananuM mahatvanuM rAjakIya kArya hatuM. dargAdAsa ane auraMgajheba vaccenI mulAkAta amadAvAdamAM yojAI enuM jhINavaTabharyuM varNana IzvaradAse potAnA graMthamAM karyuM che. auraMgajhebe IzvaradAsane UMce lazkarI do ane meDatAnI jAgIra ApI hatI evo ullekha e graMthamAM ja che. e graMtha IzvaradAse 76 varSanI vRddha vaye I.sa. 1731 mAM pUro karyo hato. 21 rAjA chabIlArAma bahAdura tathA emanA kuTuMbIo ane vaMzajo giradhara bahAdura, dayA bahAdura, camana bahAdura urpha bhavAnIrAma, rAjA gulAbarAma, rAjA AnaMdarAma vageree auraMgajheba pachIne uttara mughalakAlamAM rAjyaprakaraNa ane yuddhakalAnA viSayamAM moTI nAmanA meLavI hatI. chabIlArAma gujarAtI nAgara hatA, paNa emanI karmabhUmi dilhI ane uttara pradezamAM hatI. chabilarAmanA putra dayAbahAduranI putrI veNIkuMvaranuM lagna jUnAgaDhanA nAgara gRhastha kuMvarajI mahetA sAthe thayuM hatuM. kuMvarajI ane veNa kuMvaranA putra te pachIthI jUnAgaDhanA

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7 muM, sAmAjika sthiti (251. suprasiddha dIvAna ane vIra musadda amarajI, auraMgajhebanA samayathI cAlyo Avato jajiyAvero rada karavAnuM pharamAna pAdazAha pharkhaziyara pAsethI prApta karIne chabIlArAme samasta hiMdu prajAnA AzIrvAda meLavyA hatA. dilhImAM rAjasattAne dera husena alI khAM ane hasana alIkhAM e saiiyada bhAIonA hAthamAM hatA tyAre e paikI husena alIkhAne vizvAsapAtra banI sAta hajAranI manasIbadArI, "rAjA bIrabalanuM biruda ane vacharane hado meLavanAra, paNa vyavasAye vaidya mitrasena trivedI gujarAtane nAgara brAhmaNa hato. phArasI tavArIkhamAM enuM nAma jANItuM che. bIjA aneka nAnAmeTA mutsaddI rAjya dhikArIo vahIvaTakartAo ane lazkarI amaladAre vize vividha tavArI ane aitihAsika sAdhanomAMthI jANavA maLe che, paraMtu e sarvane nAlekha paNa ahIM zakya nathI. sattaramA saikI e gujarAtamAM sAmAnyataH zAMtina kAla hato, jyAre aDhAra taike mukhya rAjakIya kAraNosara azAMtine kAla hato, paNa duSkALanI mAThI asara baMne samaye lagabhaga sarakhI ja rahetI. vAhanavyavahAranA jhaDapI sAdhananA abhAvane kAraNe dezamAM eka sthaLe anAjanI chata hovA chatAM anya sthaLanI achata ekAeka nivArI zakAtI nahi ane garIba vastI bhUkhamarAne bhoga jaladI banI jatI. duSkALa-nivAraNanI pravRtti purAtana kAlathI cAlatI AvatI pramANamAM kAryakSama praNANikA anusAra mahAjana saMsthA karatI tathA mahAjana dvArA saMcAlita pAMjarApoLe 24 pazudhananA rakSaNanuM ane pazuone ghAsacAre pUro pADavAnuM kAma karatI. Ama chatAM rAjya taraphathI duSkALanavAraNa mATe kaI vidhisara prabaMdha nahi hovAne kAraNe jyAre duSkALa paDe, ativRSTi ke anAvRSTi thAya, tIDanI ke evI koI kudaratI Aphata Ave tyAre, arvAcIna kAlanI tulanAe, bhAre sAmAjika AtaMka Ubho thato. duSkALanI pariNAmI asaronAM bhAre kamakamATI upajAve tevAM varNana maLe che. 25 samakAlIna sAhityamAM tathA. paradezI musApharonA pravAsavarNanamAM paNa duSkALanA bhayAnaka AtaMkanAM varNana ke ullekha che. mughala kAlanA gujarAtamAM AvA keTalAka dukALa paDyA hatA. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM, saM. 1687I.sa. 1630-31) mAM paDela duSkALa "satyAzi kALa" tarIke oLakhAya che. e varSe anAvRSTi hatI, paNa bIje varSe ativRSTi thaI ane surata sameta AkhuM dakSiNa gujarAta mAM sapaDAyuM hatuM. sane 1685 ane 1686 nAM varSa paNa duSkALanAM hatAM ane 1694- 95 mAM surata bharUca amadAvAda vagere sthaLoe duSkALa ativRSTi ane rogacALAne

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252] mughala kAla jha. lIdhe bhAre kharAbI thaI hatI. sane 1696-97 mAM evo dukALa hato, ke mirAte ahamadI'nA kathana mujaba, pATaNathI jodhapura sudhI pANI ke ghAsa maLe ema nahotuM. Ama sane 1685thI 1697 sudhInAM bAreka varSomAM ardhA te duSkALa ke kudaratI ApattinAM hatAM. 27 saM. 1774 (I.sa. 1718)ne duSkALa "cutaro kALa" tarIke oLakhAya che. e samayanI moMghavArImAM bAjarI rUpiyAnI cAra sera vecAtI, ane e bhAve paNa joItA pramANamAM maLatI nahatI. amadAvAdamAM AvatuM badhuM anAja sUbedAra haidara kulIkhAnanA hukamathI dIvAna raghunAthadAsane ghera laI javAtuM ane tyAMthI amuka niyaMtraNa anusAra vecAtuM. "mirAte ahamadI'mAM lakhyuM che ke leAko ekabe rUpiyAmAM potAnAM bALako paNa vecI nAkhatA hatA. 28 Avo ja duSkALa I.sa. 1732 mAM paDyo hato ane e ja varSe amadAvAdamAM oNga phATI nIkaLyo hato, Ama chatAM AsapAsanAM parAM ane gAmaDAMmAMthI bhUkhamarAne kAraNe leke moTI saMkhyAmAM amadAvAdamAM AvatA hatA. 29 vi.saM. 1803 (I.sa. 1749) mAM pAcho mATe duSkALa paDavo, je jagazrutimAM 'tarata' tarIke oLakhAya che. ene pariNAme UbhuM thayeluM saMkaTa paNa azrutapUrva hatuM. amadAvAdanA hAkema javAMmardakhAne nAgarikone ekatra karIne baMdagI karI, paNa varasAda Avyo nahi. gAmaDAMnA loko anAjanA abhAve ghAsanAM mULiyAM khAtA tethI aparyApta piSaNa ane rogacALAne kAraNe bharaNa-pramANa vadhI gayuM. ghAsanA abhAve drAra paNa nAza pAmyAM. mANasanuM mAMsa khAvAnuM sAdhAraNa banI gayuM. taLAva ane kUvA sukAI gayAM. khAsa karIne pATaNavADAmAM pANInI achata ghaNI AkarI hatI. ene kAraNe moTI saMkhyAmAM loko mALavA tarapha cAlyA gayA hatA ane gAmanAM gAma ujajaDa banI gayAM hatAM. pachInA mAsAmAM varasAda paDyA pachI ja A saMkaTa haLavuM thayuM hatuM." (2) muslima samAja (a) samAja gujarAtamAM je para jeTalA mughala sUbedAro AvyA teomAMnA moTA bhAganA to bAdazAhanA nikaTanA snehIo zAhajAdAo tathA saradAra hatA. teo potAnI sAthe mughala darabAranA dabadabAne laIne gujarAtamAM AvatA ane laghu mughala darabAra jevuM vAtAvaraNa gujarAtamAM pravartAvatA. mabalakha Avakane kAraNe mukla sAmrAjyamAM gujarAtanI sUbedArI atyaMta mahatvanuM sthAna dharAvatI hatI. alabatta, gujarAtanA musalamAnonI potAnI AgavI sAmAjika vyavasthA hatI, paraMtu A

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7muM ) sAmAjika sthiti ripa3. rIte dilhInA sattAdhIzo dvArA mokalAtA subedAre paNa pitAnI sAthe sAmAjika navInatA lAvatA ane enI asara gujarAtanA A muslima samAja para thatI. gujarAtamAM mughala sUbAgIrIne prathama 100 varSone samaya sAmAjika sthiratAnI dRSTie sukha samRddhi ane zAMtino kola gaNI zakAya. gujarAtanA musalamAna mughala subedArInA amala nIce zAMtithI jIvana nirgamana karatA, dravyopArjana karI potAne samRddha banAvI zakatA ane potAnA dharma tathA ImAnanuM pAlana karI zakatA hatA; hiMdu-musalamAno ke ziyA-sunnInA bhedabhAva heya te. paNa e bAhya stare daSTigocara thatA na hatA. sau ne samAna nyAya ApavAmAM Avato hato, eTaluM ja nahi, para tu je kaI sUbedAra dhArmika atireka kara, to ene ema karavAmAMthI vAravAmAM Avato ane pAcho bolAvI levAmAM Avato. AkhA dezamAM je prakAranuM zAsana pravartamAna hatuM te ja prakAranuM zAsana gujarAtamAM paNa cAlu hatuM. upara kahyuM tema gujarAtanA sUbedAre dihIzvaranI laghu AvRtti jevA heI mughala bAdazAhanI badhI ja sArInarasI pravRttio emanAmAM spaSTapaNe joI zakAya che. bAdazAhI mojazekha, bhogavilAsa, phezanaparastI, sattA tathA saMpattinuM pradarzana, zilpa-sthApatya pratye anurAga Adi bAbatamAM teo bAdazAhethI bhinna na hatA. TUMkamAM, teo zAhI saMskAre tema kusaMskArothI vibhUSita hatA. e samayane sAmAnya musalamAna, pachI e gujarAtane hoya ke dezanA uttarIya pradezano hoya, sarvatra samAna hato. ucca madhyama ke garIba vargane muslima prAdezika vizeSatAone bAda karatAM, sAmAjika daSTie samAna hatuM. enI dhArmika Arthika ke sAmAjika paristhitimAM jhAjho pharaka na hato. gujarAtanA sAgarakAMThAnAM zaheromAM vasate musalamAna vepArI vadhu samRddha hoya te baMgALa bihArane e ja vepArI eTale samRddha na hoya tema bane. paraMtu enuM kAraNa je te pradezanA vyApArI vyApane gaNI zakAya. evuM ja keLavaNI ane kaMIka aMze dhArmika, mAnyatAone vize kahI zakAya. paraMtu samagratayA, mughalakAla daramyAna, gujarAtanA muslima samAja dezanA anya bhAgonA muslima samAja sAthe ghaNe aMze sAmya dharAvato hato. A samaya daramyAna gujarAtane musilama samAja dhIre dhIre potAnI maulika vizeSatAo gumAvIne bhAratIya raMge raMgAto gaye. A sthiti navanirmita muslima samAja pUratI maryAdita na rahetAM, badhA ja muslima vargomAM pracalita banI. bIjI bAju salatanata kAlamAM zarU thayela vargabheda have daDha thavA

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254] mughala kAla che. lAge. vargo vargo vaccenA UMcAnIcA stara spaSTa thavA lAgyA. ucca varganA muslima rAjyataMtramAM UMcA hoddA dharAvatA hatA. rAjyanI agatyanI javAbadArI vALI nekarIo upara mukhyatve kulIna muslimone nImavAmAM AvatA. sAdhAraNa varganA muslima senAmAM bharatI thatA athavA potAnA vArasAgata vyavasAya karatA. - De. AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstavanA mata pramANe gujarAtanA muslima samAjane paNa be staromAM vaDecI zakAya? upalA staranA muslima ane nIcalA staranA muslima. upalA staranA muslimone be peTAvibhAgomAM vaheMcI zakAya ? zastradhArI ane kalamadhArI. prathama vibhAgamAM videzI tatvonA banelA sipAhIvargane samAveza thato. teo khAna "maleka" "amIra' "sipAhAlAra vagere darajajo bhogavatA. bIjA vibhAgamAM dhArmika ane zaikSaNika sevAomAM vyasta musalamAnone samAveza thato. temAM sauthI vadhu agatyane varga ulemAo arthAta dhArmika netAone hato. ulemAomAM dhArmika puruSo zikSake ane kAjIo jevA murilabha hatA, teo muslima samAjanA tamAma vargo upara ane rAjya kArobAra upara potAne prabhAva pADI zaktA. bIjA arthAta nIcalA sAmAjika staranA musalamAnamAM kArIgaro, dukAnadAro, nAnA vepArIo ane sAmAnya kArakunI kAma karanArAono samAveza thato. sauthI nIcA stare kalaMdare ane bhikSuke hatA. e uparAMta eka agatyane varga sUphI saMtone hate. teo AdhyAtmika jJAna dharAvatA, potAnA khAnakAha (raheThANa) zaheranI bahAra rAkhatA ane lokamAnasa para ghaNe prabhAva dharAvatA. bAdazAhe paNa emane Azraya ApatA. zAhaAlamanA rojAnA vyavasthApaka bukhArI saiyadane auraMgajhebe Azraya Apyo hato. e uparAMta vaTavAnA saMta kube-AlamanI gAdInA gAdIpati saiyada muhammada salIha bukhArIne paNa ghaNI bhegAra ApavAmAM AvI hatI. pATaNanA zekha abdulU vahAbane auraMgajhebe mughala sAmrAjyanA kAjhI-ulU-kujhAta banAvyA hatA. videzI musalamAne svabhAvataH zaherI prajAjana hatA. teone grAmajIvana gamatuM nahi. emane mukhya dhaMdhe sipAhIgIrI ane rAjyakArobAramAM hedA dharAvavAne hAI grAma vistAramAM javAnA prasaMga emane mATe ghaNA ochA upasthita thatA, ema chatAM je leke dhaMdherojagAra ke zikSaNakAryamAM pravRtta rahetA teone gAmaDAmAM javuM paDatuM. | mULa bhAratIya musalamAnamAM moTA bhAganA kArIgara hatA. keTalAka nAnA kAnadAra hatA. dhaNA ochA muslimoe khetIne svIkAra karyo hato. vijetA

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7 muM] sAmAjika sthiti (255 musalamAnoe islAmamAM dharmAtara karAvela varga maTe bhAge to kArIgara lekene ja hato. e uparAMta muslima samAjamAM khATakI, bhistI, kenarakAma karanAra vagere leka paNa hatA. keTalAka muslimo citrakAra, hakIma, lekhanakAra ane kurAne zarIphanI nakala karanArAo paNa hatA. Ama tatkAlIna muslima samAja aneka dhaMdhAkIya ane vyAvasAyika vargomAM vaheMcAyela hato. raheNIkaraNInI daSTie gujarAtanA muslima samAjamAM traNa varga spaSTapaNe dekhAI AvatA : ucca (amIra) varga, madhyama varga ane nIcale (garIba) varga. ucca vaga sAmaMtazAhI svarUpane hate. A varganA leka aizvaryamAM ALoTatA, teo prajAnA paise bhegavilAsa ane amanacamana karatA. sAmaMtanA jalasAo, nRtyasabhAo, mahephile, bhojana samAraMbha, zikAra vageremAM lakhalUMTa kharca thato. madhyama varganI sthiti sAdhAraNa hatI. teo sAduM paNa sukhI jIvana gALatA, paraMtu samAjanA nIcalA varganI sthiti ghaNI zocanIya hatI. teone bhojananA sAMsA hatA, paheravA pUratAM vastra na maLatAM. garama kapaDAM ke joDA paheravAnI to teo kalpanA paNa karI zakatA nahi. avAranavAra paDatA dukALa, bhUkhamare, lega ane kolerA jevA rogacALAo, rAjya ane vepArIo taraphathI thatuM zeSaNa ane kudaratI Aphatoe emane dayApAtra banAvI mUkyA hatA. garIba majUre pAse mAmUlI dare tanatoDa kAma levAmAM AvatuM. badalAmAM divasamAM eka vAra emane thoDIka khIcaDI maLatI. teo vAMsa-mATInAM jhuMpaDAmAM rahetA. piTapUratuM khAvAnuM na maLatuM hoya tyAM emanI pAsethI nItimayatA, saccAI ke ImAnadArInI zI AzA rAkhI zakAya?35 (A) bhajana gujarAtanA muslima samAjanA ucca varga mATe bhojana vaibhava-pradarzananuM sAdhana hatuM. teo prAta:kALe alpAhAra, madhyAhUne bhajana ane sAMjanA vALuema traNa vakhata ThAThamAThathI bhojana karatA. traNe samaye uttama khAdya padArtho sAthe mevA mIThAI paNa levAmAM AvatAM. muslimo mAMsAhAra karatA. teo sugaMdhIdAra biraMja banAvatA, jevA ke kAbulI, dujhada birayAnI, pulAva vagere. halavo emanI mAnItI mIThAI hato. pALelAM ane jaMgalI pazupakSIonuM mAMsa taLIne, zekIne athavA sUpa banAvIne teo khAtA, tetara, bataka ane sasalAnuM mAMsa rojanA AhAramAM letA. pravAsI menDeloe gujarAtanA sUbedAre Apela eka jyAphatanuM varNana karyuM che e parathI e samayanA ucca vargIya muslimonA khorAkanI vAnagI. ene khyAla AvI zake che.

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256 ] sughauM phAla [.. zAkha musalamAne mATe varjya che, chatAM kheArAkanI sAthe zarAba levAnu saOsAmAnya hatu. dhaNA gujarAtI muslimA zarAba karatAM aphINane vadhu pasaMda karatA. bhAjana pachI kAthe cUnA ane sepArIvALuM pAna khAvAne| sAmAnya zirastA hatA. zrImatA ane amIrAnA pAnamAM kapUra ane kastUrI nAkhavAmAM AvatI. sara TAmasa / lakhe che ke muslima amIra-umarAvA peAtAnA bhAjanamAM sAmAnya rIte 20 vAnagIe taiyAra karAvatA. khAsa prasagAe 50 vAnagI banatI---e uparAMta kuLa vadhArAmAM. madhyama varganA lAka be vakhata peTa bharIne bhAjana karI zakatA. teo emanA bhAjanamA zaTalI pUrI parAThAM zAka dUdha dahIM ghI mAkhaNu tela vagerenA upayega karatA. tahevArAnA divaseAmAM mevA mIThAI ane pharasANane upayAga thatA. garIba leke divasamAM mAtra eka vakhata bhAjana laI zakatA. khIcaDI dahI ane athANuM emanA rAji MdA khArAka hatA, khIra emanuM miSTAnna gaNAtuM. A kAla daramyAna Avela badhA ja musApharAe khIcaDInA ullekha karyo che. khIcaDImAM tha uMka mIThuM ane maLI zake te| saheja mAkhaNa nAkhIne te khAtA. zahenazAha jahAMgIra khaMbhAta gayA tyAre eNe khIcaDInA svAda mANyA hatA.36 (4) pozAka zrImata musalamAne ane amIra umarAvA peAtAnA pozAka aMge khUba ceAkasAI rAkhatA, te khamIsa ane ledho paheratA. enA upara kubA nAmanA (kATa jevA) pozAka paheratA. ThaMDI meAsamamAM tee 'DagalA' nAmathI oLakhAtA AvarakeTa paheratA. dharamAM te leMghAne badale 'lUMgI' paheratA. teo kayAreka salavAra ke page custa cAraNA paheratA. potAnA pozAka pAchaLa te ghaNe kharca karatA. ulemAo viziSTa prakAranI pAdhaDI tema kakhA ane pAyajAmA paheratA majUrA kArIgarA ane kheDUtA mAtra laMgATI vALatA, tee ghUMTaNa sudhI pahoMce tevA sutarAu kApaDanA eka TukaDA potAnI kamare vIMTALatA, akhUl krUjhala 'la MgATA'nuM varNana karatAM kahe che ke e zarIranA mAtra be bhAgane DhAMkatuM kamara para paheravAnu' grupaDu che.'

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muM] sAmAjika sthiti [257 A kAlamAM ughADA mAthAvALA leke saMmAnanIya gaNAtA na hatA. gharanI bahAra jatAM teo mAthA para TopI ke pAghaDI acUka paheratA. muslimone e Ama-rivAja hato. teo sapheda goLa pAghaDI paheratA. potAnA vaDIlenI hAjarImAM teo ene mAthA parathI utAratA na hatA. raIse potAnI pAghaDI mATe 25 thI 30 vAra lAMbuM bArIka malamalanuM kApaDa vAparatA. enuM vajana cAra sathI vadhu bhAgye ja thatuM. gujarAtamAM paherAtI keTalIka TopIone 10 bAjuo hatI.38 strIonA pozAkamAM khAsa vizeSatA na hatI. muslima strIo moTe bhAge salavAra ane kamIjha paheratI. emanI salavAra puruSanA caraNa karatAM khAsa judI na hatI. temAM keTalIka ghAgharA paNa paheratI. phUlavAra ane ghAgharAmAM rezamI dorI parevI e kamara para bAMdhavAmAM AvatI. kayAreka te derInuM phUmatuM ghUMTaNa sudhI laTakatuM rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. strIonA Arthika ane sAmAjika darajajA pramANe emanI salavAra sutarAu rezamI ke kinakhAbanA kApaDamAMthI banAvavAmAM AvatI. | ucca tathA madhyama varganI muslima strIomAM paDadAnI prathA ghaNI custa rIte paLAtI. ucca varganI mahilA burakhA vagara bhAgyeja dekhAtI. murilamAM strInuM mukha lehInI sagAI sivAyanAM bIjAM enAM nikaTanAM sagAM paNa joI ne zake evo cAla hovAthI burakhA vagaranI strI kavacita ja jovA maLatI. saMjogavazAta agara Akasmika rIte je koI strIne paDade thoDA samaya mATe paNa khUlI jAya to e mATe ene ghaNuM sahana karavuM paDatuM. nIcA vaganI, khAsa karIne kheDUta ke majUra varganI, strIo burakhAnA baMdhanathI mukta rahetI. teoe potAnA patine badhAM kAryomAM madada karavI paDatI. pariNAme burakho rAkhavAnuM emane mATe muzkela hatuM. kurAne zarIphamAM eka musalamAnane cAra strIo sAthe lagna karavAnI paravAnagI ApavAmAM AvI hovA chatAM garIba nIcalA varganA musalamAnomAM ekapatnIprathA paLAtI. ulemAonA nirNaya pramANe muslima, nikAha dvArA mAtra cAra, paraMtu mutA dvArA game teTalI strIo sAthe lagna karI zake. paraMtu zahenazAha akabare pharamAna bahAra pADayuM hatuM ke, "sAmAnya sthitino musalamAna, ekathI vadhu strI karI zake nahi-sivAya ke enI patnI vAMjhaNI heya. bahupatnIprathA saradAro ane zrImaMtonuM dUSaNa ane madhyama varganA zokhanuM sAdhana hatuM. I-6-17

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258] bughala kAla IslAma pramANe strIne milakatano amuka cokkasa bhAga vArasAmAM meLavavAne adhikAra hatuM ane e rIte meLavela milakata upara ene sarvAdhikAra raheto. pitAnI e milakatane e yatheccha upabhoga karI zakatI. | gujarAtanA musalamAnemAM anya bhAratIya musalamAnanI jema alaMkAronuM dhArmika mahatva hatuM. teo sonA-cAMdInAM tAvIja paheratA. emAM khudA tAlAnuM nAma kotarAvatA. strIo seMthImAM siMdUra, kAnamAM kaDI ke caMpALI, nAkamAM natha ke vesara, gaLAmAM hAra ke galUNaMda, hAtha upara bAjubaMdha ane cUDI ke kaMgana, AMgaLI para vIMTI ane pagamAM pAyala paheratI. ramatagamata zataraMja copATa ane pattAMnI ramata ucca madhya ke garIba badhA varganA musalamAne mATe mane raMjananA sAdhanarUpa hatI. medAnI ramatamAM kustI mukkAbAjI zikAra cagAna ane kabUtaro uDADavAnI ramate mukhya hatI. e uparAMta prANIonI sAThamArI jevA zekha sau muslimone hato. gheTAM bakarAM kUkaDA kUtarA AkhalA ke haraNanI sAThamArI medAnamAM thatI ane jonArAone pUratuM mane raMjana pUruM pADatI. * ucca varganA musalamAnamAM jaMgalI prANIonI sAThamArI vadhu priya hatI. vAdha cittA hAthI ane dIpaDAnI jIvasaTosaTanI laDAI jevAnuM teone vadhu pasaMda paDatuM. 'tujhuke jahAMgIrImAM A khalA ane vAgha vaccenI kustIone ullekha che. ghoDadeDanI harIphAI amIra umarAvomAM pracalita hatI. teo potAnA tejI ghoDA upara besI ghaDadeDanI harIphAImAM bhAga letA. bhinna bhinna prakAranI polanI ramata, jevI ke ghoDA para besIne ramAtI pole, pANImAM ramAtI pele, prakAzita daDA vaDe rAtre ramAtI pola vagere zAhI ramata gaNAtI.39 pataMga uDADavAnI ramata badhA vargomAM sAmAnya hatI. vahetA pANImAM taravAnuM svAthyaprada gaNAtuM ane tethI taravAnI ramata ghaNI prakhyAta banI hatI, bAdazAhe ane amIra umarAvone zikArane ghaNo zokha hato. potAnI gujarAtanI mulAkAtanA prasaMge bAdazAha jahAMgIra dAdathI 10 ki.mI. dUra kadAca pAvAgaDhanA pahADI tathA jaMgalavALA pradezamAM hAthAonA zikAra mATe gayo hato.*

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7 muM] sAmAjika sthiti [259 gujarAtanA musalamAnone raMgabhUmi para bhajavAtAM nATaka-dazyo jovAne zekha paNa hatuM. gujarAtanA keTalAka naTae gujarAtamAM cAlatA geravahIvaTane darzAvato eka abhinaya zahenazAha zAhajahAM pAse rajU karyo hato.' sAmAnya muslimane game tevI ane vadhu manoraMjana ApatI ramatamAM, vArtAkathA ane zravaNa bahu mahattavanI ramata che. suzikSita vargomAM gulistAna bustAna ane anya pustakamAMthI vArtAo kahevAmAM AvatI. saune emAM rasa paDato ane jJAna sAthe gammatanI lahANa thatI. e uparAMta ukhANAM-cIratAna-nI ramata paNa kapriya hatI. sAmasAmAM ukhANAM apAtAM ane enA ukelamAM buddhizaktinI kasoTI thatI. muslima pitAnA dhArmika utsava dhAmadhUmathI UjavatA. Ide milAda, Ida-ula-phitra, Ida-ula-jUhA, zabe barA, bAra vaphAta vagere tahevAro AnaMdapUrvaka ujavAtA. moharamano prasaMga paNa sArI rIte pasAra thatA. mughala bAdazAhe sunI hovA chatAM teoe meharamanI ujavaNI upara kaI niyaMtraNa ja nAkhyAM na hatAM. alabatta auraMgajhebe potAnA amala daramyAna moharamanI ujavaNI para pratibaMdha pharamAvyo hato.jara musalamAno zukana-apazukanamAM mAnatA. vahemI mAnyatAonI bAbatamAM gujarAtanA hiMdu ane musalamAna sarakhA hatA. muslimo paNa zukana jevaDAvatA zahenazAha ane sUbedAro potAnA darabAramAM jyotiSIone rAkhatA. jAdu tAvIja ane evI bIjI bAbatamAM teonI dRDha mAnyatA hatI.43 keLavaNI mughala kAlamAM traNa prakAranI zaikSaNika saMsthAo hatI : 1. makataba, 2. majida ane khAnakAha sAthe saMlagna zALAo ane 3. madresAo. prathama be prakAranI zALAo prAthamika kakSAnI hatI. emAM arabI-phArasInuM, e khAsa karIne phArasInuM, akSarajJAna apAtuM. emAM kurAne zarIphanuM zikSaNa paNa apAtuM. kurAne zarIpha kaMThastha karavAnuM emAM zIkhavAtuM. majida ane khAnakAha sAthe saMlagna zALAomAM adhyAtmavidyA zIkhavAtI. AvI maktA ane zALAo gujarAtanAM tamAma zahera kasbAo ane gAmaDAMomAM vidyamAna hatI. madesAo mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNanI zALA-kaeNleja hatI. keTalIka madresAe te uttama jJAnakedro tarIke khyAti pAmI hatI. hi.sa. 1092 mAM naharavAlA(pATaNa) mAM "keka saphAM" nAmanI bhadresA sthApavAmAM AvI hatI. e

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26] : sughala kAla.. [.. eka masjida sAthe salagna hatI. ziyA sa MpradAyanA zikSaNa arthe amadAvAdamAM "laMgara dvAjadA imAma" nAmanI eka ucca zikSaNa ApatI sasthA murahAna nijhAmazAha pahelAe sthApI hatI. temAM IrAka IrAna arabastAna ane uttara bhAratamAMthI khyAtanAma vidvAnAne khelAvI zikSaka tarIke nImavAmAM AvyA hatA. akAmuddIne paNa I.sa. 1697mAM Azare rUpiyA 1,40,000 nA kharce eka bhavya kaoNlejanI sthApanA karI hatI.44 e 'madresA-e hidAyata bakhza' nAme eLakhAtI. AvI madresAe mAtra zaherAmAM ja hatI, gAmaDAMomAM zikSaNa mAtra makatA pUratu ja maryAdita rahetuM. tyAra bAda ucca zikSaNa mATe zaheranI madresA emAM javuM paDatuM. muslima bALakonuM zikSaNu rAjya dvArA saMcAlita thatuM . rAjya taraphathI zikSake nimAtA. auraMgajhebe gujarAtanA dIvAnane sUcanA ApI hatI ke rAjyanA sadranI salAha laI zikSakAnI niyukti kare. evA zikSakone rAjya taraphathI daramAye apAtA ane vidyArthIone ziSyavRtti paNa apAtI. je muslimane islAmI zALAomAM apAtA zikSaNa uparAMtanuM rikSaNa meLavavuM heAya te hiMdu pAThazALAmAM paNa joDAtA. tyAM ene khageALa gaNita ane AyurvedanuM zikSaNa apAtu' muslima madresAomAM 10 thI 12 varSa zikSaNa apAtuM. tyAra pachI kAI nAmI vidvAna pAse keTalAMka varSo sudhI zIkhanArane DaoNkTareTa jevI UMcI upAdhi maLatI, enAthI paNa vadhu ucca zikSaNa meLavavA mATe makkA madInA basarA ku yamana damAskasa kare. bagadAda ke khArAsAna javuM paDatuM. chekarIo mATe kAI alaga zALAe na hatI. nAnI uMmaranI bAlikAe chokarAo sAthe makatabAmAM bhaNatI. tyAM teone khAsa karIne kurAne zarIpha zIkhavavAmAM Avatu zrImata vargo peAtAnI dIkarIonA zikSaNa mATe khAnagI zikSaka| rAkhatA. IsunI 18 mI sadInA prAraMbhakAla mAM eka muslima vidvAna mullA nijhAmuddIne madresAomAM zIkhavAte| abhyAsakrama niyata karyAM hatA. e abhyAsakrama tyAra sudhImAM zIkhavAtA abhyAsakramane AdhAre paddhatisara rajU karavAmAM AvyA hatA. e dase nijhAmiyA ' nAmathI jANItA che. abhyAsakramamAM 11 viSaya che ane e dareka viSaya mATe amuka sUcita pustakonI yAdI ApavAmAM AvI che. e viSayA A pramANe che : 1. sa, 2. nava (vyAkaraNa vagere), 3. mantika

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muM] sAmAjika sthiti (tarkazAstra), 4 hikamata (tatvajJAna), 5. riyAjhI (gaNitazAstra), 6. balAgata (vakatRtvakalA), 7. phikaha (nyAyazAstra), 8. usUle phikaha (nyAyazAstranA siddhAMto), 9. kalAma, 10. taphasIra ane 11. hadIsa. mughala samaya daramyAna gujarAtamAM ghaNuM pustakAlaya vidyamAna hatAM. dareka masAmAM ekAda nAnuM ke moTuM pustakAlaya rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. amadAvAdanuM "zama e bukhArI' nAme pustakAlaya, akabare jyAre gujarAta jItyuM tyAre, hayAta hatuM. bIjAM keTalAMka nAmI kitAbakhAnAMomAM (1) I.sa. 1654mAM amadAvAdamAM zarU karavAmAM Avela valI ke dAInI madresAnuM pustakAlaya, (2) I.sa. 1681 mAM sthapAyela phejha saphAnuM pustakAlaya, (3) saurASTranA kutiyANA zaheramAM zekha IbrAhIma I.sa. 1689mAM racAyelI masAnuM pustakAlaya, ane (4) zekha muhammada akarAma ke je amadAvAdanA saddha hatA teoe I.sa. 1697 mAM rU. 1,24,000nA kharce amadAvAdamAM masjida madresA ane kitAbakhAnA baMdhAvyAM hatAM. A badhAM pustakAlaya ghaNuM samRddha hatAM. A uparAMta amadAvAdanA sarakhejamAM sulatAna ahamada khaMtavIe eka masjida khAnakAha madresA ane kitAbakhAnA baMdhAvyAM hatAM. A badhAM pustakAlaya tathA zAhI pustakAlayone lAbha vidyAne laI zakatA. pAdaTIpo 1. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, "madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya', "svAdhyAya", pu. 12, 137-38 2. "mIrAte ehamadI" (gujarAtI bhASAMtara), bhAga 2, pR. 139-43 3. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 173 4. Ibid, p. 189 14. Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb, Vol. III, p. 320 4. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 214 17. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, "gujarAtanAM zAhI mughala pharamAna', "vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA le", pR. 115 C. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 191 9. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda, pR. 125-26 10. ejana, pR. 127-28 21. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 417-23 12. Ibid., p. 423 13. Ibid., p. 425 1. Ibid, p. 427

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212] mughala kAla 15. Ibid., p. 428 16. Ibid., p. 429 17. M. R. Majmudar, Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. V, pp. 144-51 18. bheA. ja. sAMDesarA, 'pATaNanA be zilAlekhA', "buddhiprakAza', varSe 83, pR. 292- 26 ane saMzodhananI keDI", pR. 236-243 19. juo kRSNalAla jhaverI, gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMthA ' tathA chATubhAI nAcaka, 'gujarAtanA nAgaronuM phArasI bhASA ane sAhityanuM kheDANa' e be pustaka 20. A phArasI tavArIkhanuM jadunAtha sarakAre karelu. sa`pAdana tathA aMgrejI bhASAMtara (DaoN. raghuvIrisaMhajInA sudhArAvadhArA sahita ) vaDAdarAnI ma. sa. yunivarsi TInA oriyenTala insTiTyUTanI gAyakavADa oriyenTala sirIjhamAM prakAzita karavAnI AyeAjanA thaI che. 6 21-23. bhA. ja. sAMDesarA, meAgalakAlIna gujarAtanA be vIra mutsaddIe", "svAdhyAya", pu. 1, pR. 152-155. A lekha 'anveSaNA'(pR. 207-12)mAM graMthastha thayA che, 24. pAMjarApeALanI saMsthA keTalI prAcIna che e likhita ke anya purAvAone abhAve nizcitapaNe kahevu muzkela che. nidAna sAla kI kAlamAM teA vyavasthita pAMjarApALa (pachI. bhale e kAI judA nAme oLakhAtI hAya) haze ema AnuSaMgika purAvAe uparathI anumAna thAya che. mughala kAlamAM gujarAtanAM mukhya nagarAmAM pAMjarApALA hatI enAM spaSTa samakAlIna pramANa che. rapa. edalajI jamazedajI khArI, "dukALa viSe nikha-dha - 26. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 313-17 (pra. 28. Ibid., p. 394-f. 29. Ibid., p. 457 31. pravINa ci. parIkha, 'bhAratanA sAMskRtika itihAsa', pR. 66 32. Ashirbadi Lal Shrivastav, Medieval Indian Culture, p. 29 27. Ibid., p. 188 3. Ibid, p. 495f.. 33. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 162 34. Ibid., pp. 158-59 3pa. pravINa ci. parIkha, uparyu kta, pR. 69-70 36. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 60 37. Ain-i-Akbari, p. 274, cited by P. N. Chopra, Some Aspects of Society and Culture during the Mughal Age, p. 7 43. Shri Ram Sharma, op. cit., p. 8 44, Pran Nath Chopra, op. cit. p. 147 * 38. P. N. Chopra, ibid., p. 9 39. Shri Ram Sharma, Mughal Government and Administration, p. 8 40. Commissariate, op. cit., Vol. Il, p. 72 41. Pran Nath Chopra, op. cit., p. 80 42. Ibid., p. 101

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prakaraNa 8 Arthika sthiti peANA seA karatAM vadhu varSoMnA A samayagALAnA pUrvArdhamAM gujarAta Arthika ane hunnara-udyoganI dRSTie samRddha hatu, jyAre enA uttarArdhamAM rAjakIya duravasthA, AMtaravigrahe ane ene pariNAme utpanna thayelI sAmAjika azAMtine kAraNe hunnaraudyoga ane dhadhAreAjagAranI avanati thaI hatI. akabara jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAMneA samaya e mATe pUrNa zAMtine samaya hatA. khuzkI ane tarI mAge vepAranA bhAre vikAsa thayA, udyogAne vega maLyA tathA vividha prakAranA kApaDanI ane gaLInI nikAsane pariNAme gujarAtanAM mukhya nagarAnAM nAma AMtararASTriya bajAromAM jANItAM thayAM. aitihAsika sAdhanenA abhyAsane pariNAme e chApa dRDha bane che ke grAma-nagarAnI vastI peAtAnA vyavasAya zAMtimaya rIte calAvavAne eka Mdare svataMtra hatI.. khAsa karIne auraMgajhebanA samayamAM hiMdu prajAnI dhArmAiMka svataMtratA jokhamAya evA hukame nIkaLyA hatA ane akabare nAbUda karelA jiyAveza pAche levAnuM zarU thayuM hatuM tApaNu kAyado ane vyavasthAnI ekaMdare sAbUta sthitine kAraNe Arthika ane vepArI AbAdIne bAdha AvyA hAya ema jaNAtuM nathI. surata khAtenI aMgreja kAThInAM starAmAMthI ane IsTa inDiyA kaMpanInA DirekaTarAnA e kAThInA kacArIo sAthenA Aja sudhI sacavAyelA DhagalAbaMdha patravyavahAramAMthI A vidhAnanuM samana thAya che. 17 mI sadInuM surata mughala sAmrAjyanA dariyAI vepAranuM keMdra tathA, kavizrI nAnAlAle kahyuM che tema, hAjI mATe * makkAnuM mukhabAra ' banyuM hatuM ane tethI 'baMdara-dya-mubAraka ' ane 'khAkha--al--hAjI ' jevAM birudathI ene navAjavAmAM AvyuM. briTiza IsTa InDiyA ka MpanI uparAMta anya yurApIya vepArI kaMpanIee paNa surata zaheramAM kAThIe nAkhI tethI enA AyAta-nikAsanA vepArane bhAre vega maLyA hatA. purANuM pATanagara pATaNuM peAtAnuM vepArI mahattva aMzataH jALavI rahyuM hatuM, jyAre gujarAtanuM rAjakIya &

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264] mughala kAla [%. ' keMdra amadAvAda ane aitihAsika baMdara khaMbhAta hunnaraudyoga ane vepAranAM dhIkatAM keMdra hatAM. prAyaH A vastune anulakSIne ' hIrasaubhAgya krAvya 'nA kartA devavimalagaNa kahe che : zrIstambhatIrthaM puTabhedanaM ca yatrobhayatra sphurataH pure de | ahammadAbAdapurAnanAyA: kiM kuMDale gurjara dezalakSmyAH // (saga 1, zloka 66) ( arthAt amadAvAda jenu mukha che tevI gurjaradezanI lakSmInAM khabhAta ane pATaNa e jANe ke baMne bAju raphurAyamANu thatAM kuMDaLa che.) 17mA saikAmAM gujarAtanI mulAkAte AvelA yuropIya musA AnAM--menDasle (I.sa. 1638), Tevaraniyara (I.sa. 1641-67), thevenA (I.sa. 1666) ane jhona phrAyara(I.sa. 1974-75)nAM-pravAsavarNana gujarAtanA hunnaraudyoga ane vepAranI AbAda sthitinI sAkSI pUre che, 1 khaMbhAtanA akhAtaneA baMdara AgaLanA bhAga purAI javAthI nAnAM vahANa ja seALamI-sattaramI sadImAM khaMbhAta badare AvI zakatAM tathA khaMbhAta AyAtanikAsa thatA mAla dhezvA ane gadhAra baMdare aTakatA ne tyAMthI hADIe bharI khabhAta laI javAtA ane hADIomAM khaMbhAtathI caDatA; Ama chatAM khaMbhAtanI AbAdI lagabhaga pUrvavat hatI.2 e samayamAM mukhya AyAta mAla A pramANe hateA : tAmu` sIsu pA hIMgaLAka ane phaTakaDI eDana gAvA ane cethA, seAnu` mA eramajha ebisiniyA ane AphrikAnAM anya sthaLeAethI, cAMdI rAtA samudra ane IrAnI akhAtanAM baMdarAothI, hIrA dakSiNa bhAratamAMthI, mANeka pegu ane laMkAthI, nIlama IrAnathI, ceAkhA elacI seApArI ane nAriyeLa malabArathI, pAna malabAra ane vasaIthI, aphINa maDa ane sU' arabastAnathI, kisamisa ane khajUra IrAnathI, haraDe baheDAM ane tejAnA kAmulathI, laviMga methyukAsathI, jAyaphaLa ane jAvaMtrI peguthI; sukhaDa TIme rathI; kapUra merniyA ane sumAtrAthI, taja laMkA ane jAvAthI, bharI baMgALa malabAra laMkA sumAtrA ane jAvAthI, dhADA IrAna arabastAna ane kAkhulathI, hAthI lakA ane malabArathI, hAthIdAMta AphrikAthI, lAkha pethru ane mArtAkhAnathI, aMbara AphrikA sokeTrA ane mAladIvathI malamala bagALa ane kAMkaNathI ane bileArI kAca cIna tathA mAabAnathI.

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8muM] Arthika sthiti [265 nikAsa thato mAla mukhyatve A pramANe hato : cekhA siMdha kekaNa malabAra AphrikA ane arabastAnamAM, ghauM bhalabAra arabastAna ane AphrikAmAM, kaThoLa ane tala malabAramAM, rU malabAra ane arabastAnamAM, marI IrAnamAM, aphINa -IrAna malabAra pegu ane malAyAmAM, gaLI IrAnI akhAta ane rAtA samudranA pradezamAM tathA kekaNamAM, ghoDA malabAra ane kekaNamAM, akIkanAM ghareNAM malabAra arabastAna rAtA samudranA pradezamAM tathA pUrva AphrikAmAM ane sUtara tema rezamI ane sutarAu kApaDa ane kAmaLA zetaraMjIo peTI palaMga kharAdIkAma ane hAthI dAMtanAM ramakaDAM jevI cIjo aneka dezomAM jatI. amadAvAdane kinakhAba tathA rezamI ane sutarAu kApaDa khaMbhAta AvatAM ane tyAMthI vahANa bharIne pazcima ane pUrvanA videzI baMdaroe jatAM. sutarAu kApaDa to khaMbhAtathI eTaluM caDatuM ke khaMbhAtane "duniyAnuM vastra" kahetA. iMglenDanI rANI elijhAbethe akabara upara lakhelA patramAM akabarane khaMbhAtano rAjA' kahyo che. AphrikAnA samudrakinArAnA pradezamAM gujarAtanA sutarAu kApaDano eTale khapa hato ke enAthI segaNuM kiMmata sonAmAM ApavAmAM AvatI. malAyAnA TApuomAM mANasanI UMcAI jeTale A kApaDano Dhaga apAtA tyAre pakaDAyelA kedIne chuTakAro thata sattaramA saikAmAM gujarAtanuM ja nahi, paNa mughala sAmrAjyanuM sauthI AbAda baMdara surata hatuM. e samayanA sudharelA jagatanA pratyeka dezanA vepArIo ane vahANa suratamAM najare paDatAM. aMgreja vepArIo prathama sane 1608 mAM suratamAM AvyA ane emaNe 1611 mAM surata amadAvAda kha bhAta ghoghA vageremAM vepAra karavAno paravAno meLavyuM. Daca ane kejoe paNa suratamAM kAThI nAkhI ane Dacoe surata uparAMta amadAvAda bharUca vaDodarA khaMbhAta ane sarakhejamAM paNa kAThIo nAkhI. porTugIjhAne paNa suratanA vepAramAM rasa hato ane judA judA yuropIya dezanAM vepArI jUthe ke rAjyAzrita vepArI kaMpanIo tyAM parasparanI spardhA karatAM hatAM. sArAMza ke surata AMtararASTriya 5 ranuM ane pravAsanuM kedra hatuM. tyAMnAM vahANa dakSiNamAM kekaNa malabAra laMkA, pazcime arabastAna AphrikA ane IrAnI akhAtanAM baMdaree tathA pUrva baMgALa pagu sumAtrA jAvA ane cIna sudhI avarajavara karatAM. suratathI bAra mAIla dUra suMvALI gAme meTAM vahANa laMgara nAkhatAM ane tyAMthI mAla utArI gADAmAM athavA machavAmAM bharI suratamAM lavAto. suratanA ghaNAM hiMdu vepArIo jAvA ane sumAtrAmAM rahetA. sumAtrAnA prAcIna baMdaramAM emano eka jude mahele hato. dezAvara sAthenA A tahevArane kAraNe vahANa bAMdhavAno moTo udyoga suratamAM

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266] mughala kAla [5. hatuM ane A kAma karanAra kuzaLa kArIgaro hatA.5 game teTalA vajananA vahANanA pUrA jokhamanA dariyAI vImA utAranAra peDhIe suratamAM hatI ane bharelAM vahANonA bArobAra sodA utAranAra pratiSThita dalAla paNa hatA. zivAjIe surata lUTayuM, kemake surata mughala sAmrAjyanuM atizaya dhanika ane pratiSThita nagara hatuM. e mahArASTrathI khUba najIka hatuM ane surata uparanuM AkramaNa e mughala sAmrAjyanA Arthika durga upara saphaLa AkramaNa barAbara hatuM. ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM gujarAtanI mukhya bhUmi upara bharUca baMdara pUrvakAlIna gauravanI smRti jALavI rAkhI bhAgye bhAgyuM toye bharUca" e kahevatane sArthaka TharAvatuM hatuM. bharUcathI temaja saurASTramAM verAvaLa ane mAMgaroLa baMdaroethI paradeze sAthe sAro vepAra cAlato hato ane e baMdaro kevaLa khaMbhAta ane suratathI dudhyama kakSAnAM hatAM. suratanI kramazaH caDatI thatI gaI tema khaMbhAtano vepAra ane dezI-videzI vepArIo surata tarapha vaLyA. pATaNanA suprasiddha paToLAM vaNanAra sALavIonuM sthaLAMtara A viSayamAM eka lAkSaNika udAharaNarUpa che. e kuzaLa kArIgaro pATaNathI amadAvAda AvyA ( enA purAvArUpe amadAvAdamAM sarasapura ane jamAlapuramAM sALavIvADa che; joke tyAM sALavIo pitAne "paTela" tarIke oLakhAve che, tyAMthI khaMbhAta gayA, khaMbhAtathI avanati thatAM surata gayA, ane tyAMthI dakhaNamAM jalanA vagere sthaLAe gayA. amadAvAda rAjadhAnI hovA uparAMta vepAranuM moTuM mathaka hatuM. 'traNa tAra" sUtara tema rezama ane kasaba mATe e vikhyAta hatuM, je paikI sUtara ane sutarAu kApaDane udyoga tyAM Aja sudhI vikasato rahyo che. amadAvAdanuM kApaDa khaMbhAta ane surata dvArA paradeza jatuM ane jamIna mArge uttara bhArata jatuM. amadAvAdanI samRddhinuM TUMkuM paNa vigata-bharapUra varNana abula phajhale AIne akabarI'mAM karyuM che. sattaramA-aDhAramA saikAmAM racAyelA jaina gurjara sAhityamAM amadAvAda, khaMbhAta surata pATaNa pAlaNapura Adi nagaronAM prasaMgopAtta je varNana che temAM kAvyamaya ayukti hoya to paNa paryApta vastulakSitA che ema samakAlIna anya aitihAsika sAdhane sAthe enI tulanA karatAM jaNAya che." mahAjane ane kArIgare dvArA cAlatA "traNa tAra'nA udyoga uparAMta UMcI jAtanAM sutarAu kApaDa kinakhAba jariyAna ane makhamala taiyAra karavA mATenAM zAhI kArakhAnAM amadAvAdamAM hatAM ane emAM banato lAkho rUpiyAno bhAla zAhI darabAramAM jato tema bajAramAM paNa vecAto.8

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8 mu] Arthika sthiti [26 amadAvAda pAsenuM sarakheja gaLInI pedAzanuM moTuM keMdra hatu ane paradezI vepArIone emAM moTo rasa hato. gaLImAM thatI bheLaseLa sAme zAhajahAMnA sUbA AjhamakhAne atizaya kaDaka pagalAM lIdhAM hatAM. A uparAMta surokhArane nikAsa-vepAra paNa bahu mahatvane hatA, kemake surokhArane upayoga baMdUkane. dArU banAvavAmAM thato ane yuropanA dezomAM enI ghaNI mAMgI hatI. enI mukhya pedAza gujarAtamAM mAlapuramAM thatI. bihAramAM surokhAra maLyA pachI aMgreja ane Daca DeDIo paTaNamAM paNa sthapAI hatI, paraMtu mughala sattAe surekhAranI nikAsa upara aneka aMkuza mUkyA hatA ane paradezamAM musalamAne sAme laDavAmAM ene upayoga TALavA mATe A aMkuza mUkyAnuM jaNAvAtuM hatuM. paNa vastutaH A aMkuza ke pratibaMdhanuM kharuM kAraNa rAjyanI salAmatI hatI. paradezI vepArIo surekhAne je jaththo meLavI zakatA temAM te rakamaladArone lAMca ApIne meLavatA athavA bhAratanA je pradezamAM mughala sattA nahatI. tyAMthI meLavatA.10 menDele lakhe che ke amadAvAdanA vepArIonA ADatiyA eziyAnA badhA bhAgamAM ane kenTInepalamAM rahetA ane AthI paradeza uparanI ThaMDIo ahIM sahelAIthI meLavI zakAtI. vaLI e jaNAve che ke dArUgoLo sIsuM ane surokhAra sivAya bIjA sava mAlane vepAra karavAnI paradezIone chUTa hatI, paNa A traNa cIjonI nikAsa sUbedAranA paravAnA vinA thaI zakatI nahi. 11 gujarAtanAM mukhya nagaronA vepArIonI samRddhinI keTalIka oMdhapAtra vigate aitihAsika sAdhanamAMthI maLe che. suratanA vepArIo vatI hAjI muhammada jhahIda bega ane vIrajI vorAe baLavAkhora zAhajAdA murAdane I.sa. 1657 mAM pAMca lAkha rUpiyA dhIryA hatA, joke A dhirANa baLAtkAra karAyuM jaNAya che. 12 amadAvAdanA jANatA jhaverI zAMtidAsa jhaverInA putro pAsethI murAde sADA pAMca lAkha rUpiyA lIdhA hatA ane amadAvAdanA nAgarike pAsethI eNe kula 50 lAkha lIdhA hovAnuM manAya che. 3 zAMtidAsa jhaverInA putrone emanA rakama parata karavAnuM pharamAna thoDA samaya bAda murAde kahyuM hatuM, paNa evI rakama. bharapAI thaI haze ke kema e zaMkAspada che. keTalAMka varSa bAda, amadAvAdanI paDatInA samayamAM, I.sa. 1725 mAM zAMtidAsa jhaverInA vaMzaja nagarazeTha khuzAla-- caMde potAnI aMgata milakatamAMthI meTI rakama ApIne amadAvAdane AkramaNa kArAnA paMjAmAMthI bacAvyuM hatuM. aDhAramA saikAnA AraMbhamAM suratane sauthI dhanika vepArI ane samRddha vahANavaTI abdula gaphara nAme vero hato; yuropiyana

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268] mughala kAle [y. cAMciyAoe enAM vahANa kabaje karyo hovAnI hakIkta suratanI aMgreja kaThInA patravyavahAramAMthI maLe che. enA mRtyu samaye sarakAra dvArA japta thayelI enI milaktanI kiMmatane aMdAje 85 lAkha rUpiyA kADhavAmAM Avyo hate.15 samudra upara mughala sAmrAjyanI sattA nahi jevI hatI. AthI gujarAtanAM baMdaroethI UpaDatAM vahANoe porTugIne paravAne levo paDato. rAjakuTuMbanA sabhyo sameta makake jatA hAjIo paNa emAMthI bAkAta nahotA. soLamA saikAnA aMtamAM kAvInA vatanI vajiyA ane rAjiyA nAme jaina baMdhuo khaMbhAtamAM mATe vepAra karatA hatA ane govAnA porTugIjha hAkema upara emane sAro prabhAva hato. porTugIjhee eka cAMciyAnuM vahANa pakaDayuM ane pakaDAyelAone mArI nAkhavAne hukama Apyo. e divasa paryuSaNanA hatA. vajiyA ane rAjiyA zeThanA A dhArmika tahevAra hovAnI yAda cAMciyAoe porTugIjha adhikArIene ApatAM emaNe cAMciyAone choDI mUkyA hatA. Ama samRddha vepArIo badhI sattAo sAthe sArAsArI rAkhatA hatA. auraMgajhebanA rAjyamAM sana 1665 mAM mughala sAmrAjyanA badhA bhAgamAM mAlanA vecANa uparanI jakAta zADI hukamathI ekasarakhI karavAmAM AvI. rUpiyA para karatAM ochI kiMmatanA mAlanI vecANa-jakAta mApha hatI, paNa e karatAM vadhu kiMmatanA mAla upara muslima vepArIoe seMkaDe aDhI TakA jakAta bharavAnI hatI, jyAre hiMdu vepArIoe e karatAM bamaNI eTale ke seMkaDe pAMca TakA jakAta bharavAnI hatI ! auraMgajhebane ATalAthI saMtoSa na thayo. sane 1967mAM eNe bIjuM paramAna kADhayuM ke muslima vepArIo pAsethI levAmAM AvelI aDhI TakA jakAta bharavAnuM TALavA mATe koI hiMdu pitAno mAla muslima vepArInA mAla sAthe bheLavI de nahi enI takedArI rAkhavI. 17 vepArIonA bevargo vacce dhArmika draSTie AvA bheda pADavAne pariNAme prajAnA eka moTA vargamAM kaDavAza UbhI thaI ane gujarAta jevA vepArI pradezamAM mughala sAmrAjyanI paDatInI bhUmikA eka prakAre baMdhAI I. sa. 1707 mAM ragajhebanA avasAna pachI mughala sAmrAjyanI paDatI jhaDapI banI, gujarAta khAte kAyadA ane vyavasthAnI sthiti vaNasavA lAgI tathA enI asara hunnara udyoga ane vepAra upara paNa thaI. rAjyakartA varganuM dhyAna prajAnuM rakSaNa karavAne badale emAMnA dhanika ane sukhI gaNAtA varga pAsethI keI ne koI nimitte nANuM kaDhAvavA tarapha gayuM. nANAvaTIo zarApha ane

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83'] Arthika sthiti [ 269 vepArIonI chaDecAka lUTa karavAmAM Ave ane jemanA pratye zAsakonI khAmarajI hoya temanI milakata japta karavAmAM Ave evI ghaTanAe| sAmAnya banI gaI, 18 ane sAdhAraNa nAgarikA pAsethI paNa dhAkadhamakI ( black-mailing ) dvA nANAM kaDhAvavAnI ghaTanAe rAji MdI banI. Ane kAraNe sAdhanasapanna mANase potAnA jAnamAlanA rakSaNa mATe vyavasthA karavA lAgyA, jethI khAnagI sainya UbhAM thayAM. te jAnamAlanI salAmatI ane ba Mdobasta mATe vizeSa khatA pedA thaye. mudhala amIrAnA AMtarika jhadhaDAne pariNAme marAThI sattAne avakAza maLyA, paNa akabare gujarAta upara meLavyA hatA tevA A kAI spaSTa ane niyAmaka vijaya nahAtA. mughala subedAra ke saradAre| jee kedrIya sattAne vAdAra nahAtA temanI ane marAThI sattA vacce anizcita khakheDAmAM varSo vItyAM ane keTalAka sasaya teA gujarAtana! pATanagara amadAvAdamAM dvimukhI rAjasattA hatI--bhadratA killAmAM mughala sUbAnI ane gAyakavADanI havelImAM marAThAena pariNAma gujarAtanI rAjakIya ane Arthika tArAjImAM AvyuM. amadAvAdanAM AbAda parAM ujjaDa thaI gayAM, amadAvAdanI vastI ghaTI gaI ane enA samRddha nAgariko jyAM phrAngyu tyAM cAlyA gayA tathA amadAvAdanI temaja gujarAtanAM anya mukhya nagarAnI audyogika ane Arthika pragati nAmazeSa thaI gaI. 'mirAte ahamadI'nA kartA ane gujarAtanA muddala dIvAna alI muhammadakhAna, jeNe e ki MmatI tavArIkha sane 1761 mAM pUrI karI che, teNe gujarAtanI A sarvAMgINa avanatine lagabhaga rAjarAjane adhikRta ahevAla ApyA che. mirAte ahamadI' lakhe che ke umareTha kassA ane vaDanagara kasmA e e gujarAtanI sAmerI pAMkhe che, kemake dhanika brAhmaNe tyAM vase che, paNa hamaNAM e pAMkhA bhAgI javAthI gujarAta khAMkhA vinAnA pa MkhI jevuM thaI gayuM che.19 sane 1758 mAM gujarAtamAMthI mughala sattA nAza pAmI ane gujarAta marAThI hakUmata nIce AvyuM tyAre pATanagara amadAvAda etA agAunA vizALa ane tejasvI rUpanA nAnakaDA ane nisteja paDachAyA jevu thaI gayu hatu. gujarAtamAMthI mughala sattAneA asta thavAnI taiyArI hatI ane gujarAta rAjakIya asthiratA ane AMtaravigrahanA vamaLeAmAM sapaDAyelu hatu tyAre kacchamAM rAva lakhapatanA rAjyakAla(I.sa. 1741-61)mAM hunnarakalAnA sArA vikAsa thayo hatA. purAtana kAlathI kaccha pradeza samudra-vyavahArathI videza sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA ane tyAMnA vepArIe ane vahANavaTIe dariyA kheDatA hatA ane videzeAnI samRddhi dezamAM kheMcI lAvatA hatA. rAva lakhapatane enA pitA rAva deza

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270] mughala kAla (pra. taraphathI rAjyanI tijorImAM meTe vAraso maLyo hato ane lakhapatajIe pote emAM vividha sAdhano dvArA vadhAro karyo hate. rAva lakhapate potAnA rAjayamAM vasavA mATe videzIone uttejana ApyuM hatuM ane pitAne mahela yuropIya kalA-kArIgarIthI sajAvyo hato enuM Ayojana karanAra sthapati rAmasiMha mAlama nAme kuzaLa kArIgara hato, je aneka vAra yuropanI mulAkAta laI Avyo hato ane lAMbo samaya holenDamAM rahyA hato. rAmasiMhe kacchamAM to banAvavAnuM kArakhAnuM nAkhyuM hatuM tathA rezama ane kAcanAM kArakhAnAM sthApyAM hatAM. kacchanA kArIgarone ghaDayALa banAvavAnuM kAma eNe zIkhavyuM hatuM. AvI bAbatomAM kacchI kArIgaronI kuzaLatA rAmasiMha mAlamane AbhArI hovAnuM manAya che. * amadAvAdamAM kAlupuramAM AveluM eka sthaLa " TaMkazALa" tarIke oLakhAya che tyAM gujarAta khAte mughala sAmrAjyanI mukhya TaMkazALa hatI ema manAya che. gujarAtI vedAMtI kavi akho A TaMkazALamAM adhikArI levAnI anubhUti che. gujarAtanI bIjI mukhya mughala TaMkazALa suratamAM hatI. zAhajahAMne rAjyakAlamAM gujarAtane subedAra AjhamakhAna hatA tyAre jUnAgaDhamAM ane khaMbhAtamAM TaMkazALa sthapAI hatI. junAgaDhanI TaMkazALane pahelo prApta sikko hijarI sana 1049(I.sa 1639-40)ne che, jyAre khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALano keI sikko hijarI sana 1051(I.sa. 1641-42) pahelAM paDele maLyo nathI. jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALa lagabhaga 80 varSa sudhI eTale ke I.sa. 1718 mAM samrATa muhammadazAhanuM rAjyArohaNa thayuM tyAM sudhI nidAna cAlI hatI ane khaMbhAtanI TaMkazALa AlamagIra 2 jAnA rAjyakAla (I.sa. 175459) sudhI cAlu hatI. ema jaNAya che ke jUnAgaDha khAte TaMkazALa sthApavAne eka udeza "mahamUdI' nAmathI oLakhAtA cAMdInA nAnA jUnA sikkA gALI nAkhIne navA sikkA bahAra pADavAne hatA, paNa amadAvAdanI mukhya TaMkazALa upara AnI mAThI asara thaI kemake dIva ane AsapAsanAM baMdaroe je sonuM-cAMdI AyAta thatAM hatAM te amadAvAda lAvavAne badale vepArIo jUnAgaDhanI TaMkazALamAM enA sikkA paDAvavA lAgyA. "mirAte ahamadI ne kartA lakhe che ke amadAvAda khAte ghIne badho vepAra A junA "mahamUdI" sikkAmAM thatA ane umere che ke "mahamUdI' vajana sADAcAra mAsA jeTaluM hatuM ane eka rUpiyA barAbara aDhI ke traNa "mahamUdI' thatI.22 auraMgajhebanA sainya navAnagara ke jAmanagarano kabajo laI enuM nAma "islAmanagara rAkhyuM hatuM tyAM mughala sikkA pADavAmAM AvyA haze, kemake auraMgajhebanA -Isa, 166-18nA eka rUpiyA upara islAmanagaranI TaMkazALanuM nAma che. 23

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8mu ] Arthika sthiti [ raLI gujarAtamAM pitAnA sikkA paDAvanAra pahelo mughala bAdazAha akabara che. akabaranA dhArmika vicAro ItihAsa-rasikone suparicita che. eNe dIne ilAhI nAme na saMpradAya zarU karyo hato. enI pAchaLanA enA vicArane paDagho sikkAomAM paNa che. sikkAomAMthI IslAmanA pavitra kalamA ane khalIphAonAM nAma kADhI nAkhI eNe eka bAjue "allAhe akabara jalajalAlahU'nuM dviatha vAkya mUchyuM, jeno artha "prabhu mahAna che ane enuM teja prakAze che' temaja "akabara allAha che evo paNa thAya che. bIjI bAjue hijarI sananI neMdha baMdha karI potAnA rAjyArohaNanA varSathI zarU thatA ilAhI sana sAthe phArasI mAsa ane TaMkazALanuM nAma uphreMkita karavA mAMDayuM.24 akabaranA uttarAdhikArI jahAMgIre sikkAnA kSetramAM moTI pragati karI. judI judI TaMkazALomAMthI bahAra paDelA enA sikkAomAM dAkhala thatI navI navI kAvyapaMktio ane anya parivartane vize AkhuM pustaka lakhAya eTaluM vaividhya emAM che. akabaranI mAphaka eNe paNa kalamA lakhavAnuM kADhI nAkhyuM ane ilAhI sana noMdhavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM. jahAMgIrano surApAnane zekha jANIto che. senAnA eka sikkAmAM dADhI boDAvela jahAMgIra jamaNA hAthamAM dArUne yAlo ane DAbA hAthamAM pavitra kurAna laIne beThelo che. arthAt dArU sAme koI dhArmika bAdha nathI evo mata jahAMgIra pradarzita kare che ema keTalAka mAne che. rUDhinI avagaNanA karavA aMge jahAMgIra keTalIka bAbatomAM akabarathI paNa AgaLa hato. sUryasa krAMtimAM pratimAsa thatA pheraphArone paNa sikkA upara neMdhavAne jahAMgIre hukama karyo. A sikkA barAzanA sikkA" kahevAya che. jahAMgIranA sikkAomAM A "rAzinA sikkA sauthI suMdara che. prAya: jahAMgIrano jyAM nivAsa hoya tyAM e sikkA pADavAmAM AvatA. pitAnA rAjyakAlanA teramA varSamAM jahAMgIra pAMca mAsa amadAvAdamAM rahyo hato tethI e varSamAM meSa vRSabha mithuna karka ane siMha ema pAMca rAzimAM sUryanI saMkrAMtinI noMdhavALA jahAMgIranA sikkA e rAzinAM citro sahita pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. emAM eka bAjue sUrya sAthe rAzinI chApa ane varSa ane bIjI bAjae vividha phArasI kAvyapaMktio najare paDe che. 25 jahAMgIra ane enI begama nUrajahAMnA saMyukta nAme bahAra paDelA sikkA paNa ghaNuM rasaprada che. suratanI TaMkazALanA AvA puSkaLa sikkA maLyA che, paNa amadAvAdanI TaMkazALanI paNa AvI kaI kaI sonAmahora ke rUpiyA jANavAmAM Avela che. AvA saMyukta sikkA jahAMgIranA rAjyakAlanAM chellA cAra varSa(I.sa. 1624-7)mAM maLyA che ane jahAMgIra tathA enA rAjyavahIvaTa upara nUrajahAMno asAdhAraNa prabhAva emAMthI vyakta thAya che.?

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ra72) mughala kAla jahAMgIranI AtmakathA tujhaka--jahAMgIrImAM jahAMgIranA eka navIna prakAranA sikkA vize noMdha che. I.sa. 1917 mAM jahAMgIranA nivAsa khaMbhAtamAM hato ane e ghaTanAnA smaraNamAM A senAnA sikkA bahAra pADavAno hukama eNe Apyo hato. sAmAnya senAmahora ane rUpiyA karatAM bamaNA vajananA sonA-rUpAnA TUMkA A hukama anusAra pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. potAnI AtmakathAmAM jahAMgIra abhimAnapUrvaka lakhe che ke "mArA sivAya bIjA koInA rAjyamAM tAMbA sivAya bIjI kaI dhAtunA TUMkA paDayA nathI. senA-cAMdInA TekA e mArI zodha che." A sikkAnI baMne bAju uparanA lakhANanI nedha paNa tujhakamAM ApelI hoI enI vizvasanIyanA vize kaMI zaMkA rahetI nathI. khaMbhAtanA A jahAMgIrI TaMkAno keI namUno Aja sudhI jaLyo nathI, paNa tethI uparyukta hakIkatamAM phera paDato nathI. 27 vaLI A TUMka sarvasAmAnya ja calaNa mATe nahi, paNa jahAMgIranA khaMbhAta-nivAsanA smaraNamAM bahAra paDAyA hatA eTale enI saMkhyA paNa moTI na hoya evo saMbhava che. * zAhajahAMne rAjyAbhiSeka tA. 4 phebruArI 1928 nA roja thaye, paNa e tArIkha pahelAM ja enA TekedAroe suratanI TaMkazALamAMthI enA nAmanI sonAmahore bahAra pADI hatI, paNa pATanagara amadAvAda khAte te enA hukama mujaba salImazAha athavA jahAMgIranA sikkA pADavAnuM cAlu rahyuM hatuM. AthI rAjayAbhiSeka pahelAMnA zAhajahAMnA sikkA pATanagaramAM svIkArAtA nahatA ane e calAvavA mATe vaTAva Apavo paDato hato, gujarAtanI TaMkazALomAM paDelA zAhajahAMnA puSkaLa sikkA maLyA che. e sikkA upara kalamA ane khalIphAnuM nAma noMdhavAnuM zAhajahAMe pAchuM zarU karyuM ane akabarane IlAhI sana ApavAnuM baMdha karyuM.28 zAhajahAMnA putro vacce AMtaravigraha phATI nIkaLyo tyAre zAhajAde murAda gujarAtane sUbo hato teNe tA. 5 Disembara 1657 ne roja amadAvAdamAM pitAne rAjyAbhiSeka jAhera karyo, bAdazAha gAjhI'nuM biruda dhAraNa karyuM tathA amadAvAda surata ane khaMbhAtanI TakazALAmAMthI potAnA rUpiyA ane sonAmahera bahAra pADyAM, 29 paNa murAdanI sattA auraMgajhebanI kUTanItine pariNAme TUMka samayamAM vilIna thaI gaI. auraMgajheba jevA dharmacusta bAdazAhanA sikkA uparathI kalamA ane khalIphAonA nAmanI noMdha lopa thayo e Azcaryajanaka lAge, paNa muslima itihAsakAre Ane khulAse ApatAM lakhe che ke IslAmanAM pavitra dharmavAne

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bAdhika sthiti vidhamIonA hAthamAM ke ayogya sthaLe nahi javA devAnI icchAthI darekanA hAthamAM janAra sikkAmAM evuM lakhANa nahi ApavAnI bAdazAhe AjJA karI. hatI.3* auraMgajheba pachI zAhaAlama pharkhasiyara jahAMdArazAha ahamadazAha muhammadazAha vagerenA sikkA najIvA pheraphAra sAthe A mujabanA cAlu rahyA hatA. paNa I.sa. 1739 nI sAlane, IrAnI vijetA nAdirazAhanA nAmane, amadAvAdanI TaMkazALane sikko maLyo che e noMdhapAtra che. nAdirazAha dilhImAM be mAsa rahyo tyAM sudhI mughala bAdazAha muhammadazAha pAse koI sattA nahotI tathA nAdirazAhanA nAmane khutabo AkhA sAmrAjyamAM paDhavAmAM AvyuM hatuM tathA enA nAmanA sikkA paDayA hatA. "mirAte ahamadI' spaSTa lakhe che ke "nAdirazAha dilhImAM rahyo tyAM sudhI enA nAmanA dirahama ane dInAra hiMdustAnanAM keTalAMka zaheramAM paDayA hatA." enA kathana mujaba amadAvAdane samAveza paNa evAM zaheramAM thato hato. nAdirazAha IrAna cAlyo gayo ane muhammadazAhe punaH sattA dhAraNa karI eTale sthAnika TaMkazALamAM enA sikkA paDAvA zarU thayA ane nAdirazAhanA nAmanA sonA-rUpAnA sikkA (jeonI saMkhyA meTI hovAno saMbhava nathI) gALI nAkhavAmAM AvyA. 31 - tatkAlIna gujarAtanI TaMkazALa ane nANAvaTane lagatI keTalIka rasaprada ane prakIrNa, paNa aitihAsika, vigato ahIM noMdhavI ucita thaze. auraMgajhebanA rAjyakALa daramyAna sane 1692 AsapAsa amadAvAdamAM rUpiyAnA calaNa mATe muzkelI UbhI thaI hatI, kemake calaNamAM hatA te sikkA khUba ghasAI gayA hatA ane zarAphee kAyadesara karatAM ochA vajananA sikkA mATenA vaTAvanA dara khUba vadhArI dIdhA hatA. TaMkazALanA amaladAroe zAhI hukama vinA A bAbatamAM kaMI karavAnI azakti batAvI. chevaTe gujarAtanA dIvAna upara dilhIthI hukama Avyo ke TharelA vajana karatAM traNa ratIthI ochA na. hoya tevA rUpiyA svIkAravA mATenI likhita bAMyadharI zarApha pAsethI eNe levI ane e karatAM vadhu ghasAyelA rUpiyA gALIne navesarathI calaNamAM mUkavA mATe TaMkazALane mokalavA. amadAvAdanI TaMkazALanA daregA taraphathI maLelI phariyAdane AdhAre I.sa. 1697 mAM dIvAna upara hukama Avyo hato ke TaMkazALa sivAya bIje kaI sthaLe sonAcAMdInA sikkA gALanAra sAme pagalAM levAM 32 vaLI auraMgajhebanA samayamAM eka vAra tAMbAnA sikkAnI tANa paDavAthI amadAvAdanA zarAphee leDhAnA sikkA pADI calAvyA hatA, eTale sUbedAre dezAvarathI tAMbu kharIdI tAMbAnA navA sikkA paDAvyA hatA.33 i-1-18

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Re4] mughala kAla I.sa. 1715 mAM amadAvAdanA zarAphemAM keTalAka matabheda thayo.e varSamAM nANAMnI bhIDa vadhavAthI AMTane vahevAra34 vadhate gayo eTale rokaDa nANAMne vahevAra che thatAM sAdhAraNa reyatane agavaDa paDavA maMDI. AMTanuM kAma baMdha karavA mATe amadAvAdanA zarAphane sUbedAre tAkIda karI. jANItA zarApha kapUracaMda bhaNasAlIe e vAta kabUla rAkhI tethI bIjA jANItA uttara bhAratIya zarApha madanagopAlanA gumAstA harirAma sAthe ene vera baMdhAyuM ane baMne pakSo vacce laDAInI taiyArI thavA lAgI. be divasa vAtAvaraNa taMga rahyuM, paNa pachI amadAvAdanA bIjA mukhya nANAvaTIoe vacce paDI zAMti karAvI.35 mahArAjA abhayasiMhanI sabAgIrI (I.sa. 1730-37) daramyAna anucita amaladArI pherabadalIone kAraNe amadAvAdanI TaMkazALano vahIvaTa bagaDatho hato. aMkazALanI Avaka vadhAravA mATe sikkAomAM tAbAnuM mizraNa vadhAravAmAM AvyuM hatuM, AthI senAmahera ane rUpiyAnI pratiSThA ghaTI hatI ane A prakAranA halakA sikkAone pATanagaranI bahAra svIkAravAmAM AvatA nahatA.34 mirAte ahamadI'nI pUrti ("khatimA') e tatkAlIna gujarAtane adhikRta sarva saMgraha che. emAM tola-mApa vize paNa eka prakaraNa che. ene sAroddhAra ahIM Ape che37 : | gujarAtI zera-AlamagIrI 30 dAma barAbara che ane enA zAhajahAMnA 20 dAma thAya, jene pAke zera kahe che. kAcA 40 zerano eka gujarAtI maNa gaNAya che. pAkA 40 zerane pAke eTale zAhajahAMne eka maNa thAya che. pAlI-lAkaDAnuM eka mApa che. zaheramAM e vaparAtI nathI. enuM vajana keTaleka ThekANe aDhI zeranuM hoya che, je kAcA pAMca zera thAya che. koI ThekANe pAlI be zeranI ane koI ThekANe ethI paNa ochI hoya che. sahI38-20 pAlInuM A mApa che. koI ThekANe e kAcA 36 zeranI paNa thAya che. kaLazI-A rAdhanapuranuM mApa che. tyAM enA kAcA 16 maNa gaNAya che, koI ThekANe 14 maNa 16 zeranI kaLazI gaNAya che. mU-bIje ThekANe 144 maNane ane amadAvAda zaheramAM cUnAne mUDa kAcA pa0 maNane thAya che. mATa-navAnagaramAM cAle che. e cha pAlane che ane dareka pAlI kAcA pAMca zeranI che. khAMDI-kAcA ramaNanI che ane baMdaramAM vahANonA vajanamAM vaparAya che.

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Arthika sthiti [15 kulI-khaMbhAta baMdaramAM 3ra zerane kahe che. kulA-kAcA eka maNa dasa zerane kahe che, kaTarA--DAMgara jokhavAnuM vajana. khaMbhAta baMdare kAcA pAMca maNa dasa zeranuM thAya che. bhAra--16 maNano thAya che. kupA-leDhAnI dAMDIvALuM A trAjavuM che, paNa ene eka ja paluM heya che ane dAMDI upara telavA mATe eka pathare bAMdhe che. emAM eka maNathI 28 maNa sudhI taLAya che. jathAbaMdha vepAranI judI judI cIjomAM keTalA zerano maNa gaNAte enuM vigatavAra kASThaka "mirAte ahamadI "e ApyuM che. sanI jhaverInI dhaMdhAdArI chUpI bolI-"pArasInuM paNa eka prakaraNa emAM che.39 mughala sattAnI Arthika samRddhi ane lazkarI sAmarthyamAM gujarAtanAM jaMgale ane vanya sRSTino phALo nagaNya naheto e chelle ahIM noMdhavuM prastuta thaze. gujarAtanA keTalAka bhAgamAM gADha jaMgala hatAM. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM I.sa. 1630 mAM rAjapIpaLAnA ja galamAMthI 130 hAthI pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA, je paikI 70 hAthI-nara ane mAdA-jIvatA dilhI pahoMcyA hatA ane pAdazAhane najara karavAmAM AvyA hatA. I.sa. 1646 mAM auraMgajhebanI sUbAgIrI daramyAna dAhoda ane cAMpAneranAM jaMgalamAMthI 73 hAthI pakaDavAmAM AvyA hatA.41 pAdaTIpa 1. Commissariat. History of Gujarat, Vol. 11, pp. 349-71 2. gujarAta sarvasaMgraha, pR. 254 3. e ja, pR. 254-55 4. e ja, pR. ra55 5. e ja, pR. 257 6. . ja. sAMDesarA, paToLAM vaNanAra sALavIeAnA itihAsa upara keTalAka prakAza," "sazeAdhananI keDI," pR. 244-50 7. udAharaNa tarIke juo AcArya jinavijyajI-saMpAdita etihAsika jana gujara kAvyasaMcaya', AcArya vijayadharmasUri-saMpAdita "aitihAsika rAsa-saMgraha AdimAMnAM kAvyo. 8. Commissariat, op. cit, p. 416 9. Ibid, pp. 120 127, 303 10. Ibid, pp. 306 ft 11, bid, pp. 352 f

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206] mughala 9 12. Ibid, p. 135 | 13. Ibid, p. 136 14. juo pAchaLa prakaraNa 4. 24. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 391 16. ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva, khaMbhAtano itihAsa', pR. 110 20. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 172 18. sane 1719 mAM amadAvAdamAM jANItA zarApha kapUracaMda bhaNasAlInuM makAna japta karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM enuM mukhya kAraNa e jaNAya che ke sUbedAra ajitasiMha ane enA sahAyakone e aNagamato hato. 19. mirAte ahamadI' (guja. bhASAMtara), bhAga 2, pR. 204 20. Bombay Gazetteer. Vol. V, pp. 140 ff., 216, 243 n. 21. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 165 R2. Ibid., p. 121 23. navAnagaranA jAmane "mahamUdI" sikkA pADavAno adhikAra sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha gujarAtIe Apyo hato. e korI' tarIke paNa oLakhAtA hatA. "mahamUdI" sikkA pADavAnuM keTaloka samaya baMdha rahyuM hoya te paNa pAchaLathI e cAluM thayuM haze, kemake "mirAte ahamadI' lakhAI tyAre A "mahamUdI'nuM calaNa hatuM. e sikakAnI eka bAjue phArasImAM mujhaphapharazAhanuM nAma ane bIjI bAjue devanAgarImAM jAmanuM nAma rahetuM. e ja rIte gujarAtI saltanatane nAza thayo tyAra pachI lAMbA samaya sudhI kacchanI kerIo upara phArasImAM mujhaphpharazAhanA nAma sAthe devanAgarImAM kacchanA rAvanuM nAma rahetuM. 24. raNachoDalAla jJAnI, gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA sikkAo', buddhivardhaka vyAkhyAna mALA, puSpa 1-2, pR. 69 25. e ja, pR. 6970 26. Commissariat op. cit, p. 18. paNa jahAMgIranA pachI TUMka samayamAM ja nUrajahAMnI sattAne paNa asta thayo. aMgreja kaThInAM daphataromAMthI rasaprada hakIkta jANavA maLe che ke jahAMgIranA avasAna bAda thoDAka mAsamAM AgrA khAte nUrajahAMnA nAmavALA badhA rUpiyA pAchA kheMcI levAmAM AvyA hatA (e ja, 5. 110 pAdaTIpa). 27. Ibid., pp. 60 f. 28. Ibid, p. 110; jJAnI, uparyukta, pR. 7 29. Ibid, p. 136 30. raNachoDalAla jJAnI, uparyukta, pR. 71-72 31. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 471 f. 32. Ibid., p. 190 33. ratnamaNirAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara: amadAvAda', pR. 05 34. AMTa eTale kevaLa hUMDIthI levaDadevaDa thAya te, 35. ratnamaNirAva, uparyukta, pR. 127

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Arthika sthiti (2 ) 34. Commissariat, op, cit., p. 455. auraMgajhebanA samayamAM suratanI TaMkazALamAM paDatA sikkAnI senA-cAMdImAM bheLaseLa thatI hovAnuM bahAra AvyuM hatuM. suratamAM ane khaMbhAtamAM paDelI azaraphIo ane rUpiyAno kasa kaDhAvI e baMne vacceno taphAvata nakkI karavAmAM Avyo hatA, ne pariNAme suratanI TaMkazALanA amaladAra ane kArIgarono eka lAkha rUpiyA daMDa karavAmAM Avyo hato (IzvaralAla I. desAI, "sUrata senAnI mUrata," pR. 84). 37. "mirAte ahamadI' (guja. bhASAMtara), . 2, pR. 168-70 38. "gaNitasAra" jevAM prAcInatara keThakomAM "seI" evuM nAmAMtara paNa maLe che. 39. e ja, pR. 171-72. saMbhavataH mughala kAlamAM lakhAyelA eka jUnA hastalikhita pAnAmAMthI "sonInI pArasI' Da. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe pragaTa karI hatI (buddhiprakAza", ogasTa, 1952). gujarAtanA dhaMdhAdArIo ane tathAkathita gunegAra jAtionI "pArasIone eka saMgraha hai. bhAnuprasAda cokasIe tayAra karyo che ane e vaDedarA prAgya vidyAmaMdiranI zrI sayAjI sAhityamALAmAM pragaTa karavAnI AjanA thaI che. xo. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 110 f. l. Jadunath Sarkar, History of Aurangzeb, Vol. I, p. 82 ahIM noMdhavuM prastuta thaze ke saurASTramAM hAthI hatA ane e hAthInuM kada nAnuM hata evo ullekha kauTilyanA arthazAstramAM che. A te mauryakAlanI vAta thaI. mughala kAlamAM tema enA ghaNA samaya pahelAM saurASTranAM jaMgalamAM hAthI thatA hovAne keI nirdeza maLato nathI. pAlanapura sAcora navAnagara haLavada ane kAMkareja AsapAsa cittA thatA hovAnI noMdha mirAte kadI mAM che. zikAra mATe e cittAonI mAMga mughala darabAramAM rahetI. cittAne pakaDavA mATe ane zikAranI tAlIma ApavA mATe eka juduM khAtuM gujarAtamAM hatuM.

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. pariziSTa suratanuM baMdara mughala kAle daramyAna gujarAtanAM baMdaramAM agrima sthAna dharAvatu surata zahera gujarAtanAM nagaromAM salatanata kAlathI mahattva pAmyuM hatuM. maitraka kAla daramyAna te e pradezanuM vaDuM mathaka kansAragrAma (hAlanuM katAragAma) hatuM. surata zahera enI dakSiNe vahelAmAM vaheluM solaMkI kAlanA aMtamAM athavA prAyaH saltanata kAlanA AraMbhamAM vasyuM lAge che. paMdaramI sadIthI e zaheranA nizcita nirdeza thayelA che. sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM suratane brAhmaNa gopInAtha vacharane heddo pAmyo hato ne sulatAna mujhaphapharazAha 2 jAnA samayamAM enI lAgavaga vadhI hatI, jene kaMIka lAbha gujarAtanAM baMdaromAM haka meLavavA mathatA phiraMgIene maLyo hato. I.sa. 1515 mAM suratanA pravAse AvelA phiraMgI adhikArI bArabosAe suratane rAMderathI UtaratI kakSAnA ne chatAM gujarAtanA sulatAnane jakAtathI maTI Avaka karI ApatA mahatvanA baMdara tarIke oLakhAvyuM che.' e agAu 151ramAM phiraMgIoe surata lUMTayuM hatuM ema kahevAya che, paraMtu malika gopInI hayAtI daramyAna evuM bhAgye ja banyuM hoya. enA dehAMta (1514) pachI suratanA baMdara para phiraMgIe vAraMvAra humalo karavA lAgyA. 1535 mAM surata ane rAMdera para Aga-lUMTanI Aphata AvI paDI tyAre rAMdera paDI bhAMgyuM, jyAre suratanI navI sAhasika prajAe zaherane evuM khaDuM karyuM ke enI AbAdI vadhatI rahI. sulatAna mahamUda 3 jAnA hAkema khudAvaMdakhAnanA vahIvaTa daramyAna hi.sa. 947(I.sa. 1540-41)mAM phiraMgIothI zaheranuM rakSaNa karavA tyAM majabUta killo baMdhAyo tyAre surata zahera baMdara mubAraka tarIke khyAti pAmyuM.' mIrajhAone vaza karavA akabare 1573 mAM surata para caDAI karI ene kile kabaje karelo. akabarane jarathostI pArasIone paricaya tyAM thaye ne phiraMgI elacImaMDaLa sAthe maitrIne saMbaMdha tyAM baMdhAya, suratanuM baMdara mutsaddI(hAkemone vahIvaTa nIce mukAyuM. have makkAnI haja mArga mokaLo thayA. bAdazAhanAM pheI gulabadana bAna vagere haja mATe saphara karavA surata AvyAM tyAre teonI salAmatI mATe suratanA mutsaddI pAse phiraMgIo sAthe khAsa baMdobasta karAvavo paDelo.

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pariziSTa suratanu adara [ 279 I.sa. 1608 mAM iMglaeNnDanI IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInuM vahANa tApInA mukha pAse lAMgayuM ne emAMne mAla suratamAM vecAvA lAgyA, paNa phrigIee tyAMthI e vahANane cAlyA javA krUraja pADI. 1911 mAM a MgrejonAM vahANa su MvALI AgaLa nAMgaryA tenI paNa e dazA thaI, para Mtu aMgreja vepArIe thADA vakhatamAM huka meLavavAmAM saphaLa thayA te 1613 mAM suratamAM aMgrejonI kAyamI kAThI sthapAI. 1614-15 mAM suMvALInA bArA AgaLa phiraMgIonA ane a MgrejonA kAphalA vacce jhapAjhapI thaI, emAM phiraMgIo hArI gayA. IMglaeNnDanA rAjAnA elacI sara Tomasa rAnA prayatnathI suratanI a Mgreja kAThInI sthiti sadhdhara thaI. AgrA amadAvAda ane bharUcanA aMgreja kAThIe suratanI kAThInI sattA nIce mukAI (1618-19).7 have khAMbhAtanA baMdaranI paDatI thaI hatI ne gujarAtanAM baMdarAmAM agrima sthAna suratane maLyuM hatuM. 1608 mAM surata AvelA viliyama phrenca nAme adeggreja vepArIe teAMdhyuM che ke surata zahera dhaNuM moTu che ne emAM vepArIonAM ghaNAM makAna che; suratanA killA pAse jakAtanAkuM che te enI bahAra eka mATu' bannara che, jemAM tamAma jAtanA mAla vecAya che. suratanI kAThInA presiDanTe rAtA samudra ane IrAnanAM baMdarA sAthenA vepAra paNa jamAvyuM, AthI suratI ane phiragI vepArIone nukasAna thayuM. daramyAna valaMdAoe paNu vepAranA haka meLavI suratamAM kAThI nAkhI, tyAre meTAM vahANu suMvALI baMdare lAMgaratAM, ziyALAmAM suratanA vepArI pazu tyAM taththu nAkhatA te chITa, cinAI sATIna, cinAI vAsaNu, mAtI ane hAthIdAMtanI cIjo, akIka ceAkhA khAMDa ane keLAM vecAtAM. suratanA zarApha yuropIya vepArIone nANAM dhIratA. suMvALIthI sutarAu kApaDa gaLI sUrokhAra bharI pIpara mUtara kariyANAM lAkha khAMDa, rezama vagerenI nikAsa thatI te IMglaeNnDathI paheALA panAnuM kApaDa sIsu pArA hiM...gaLeAka paravALAM hAthIdAMta paDadA sAnAcAMdInA tAranuM bharatakAma vagerenI AyAta thatI. suratanuM kApaDa IMglaeNnDamAM mAnItu ne sastuM hAi enI dhaNI mAMga rahetI a Mgrejone masAlAnA TApuonA vepAra kheDatA valadAnI harIphAI naDatI hatI, paNa phiraMgI sAthenI maitrIthI rAhata thaI. 1627mAM surata AvelA aMgreja adhikArI Tomasa harTa suratane gujarAtanuM amadAvAda ane khabhAta pachInuM trIjuM uttama nagara kahyu che. 10 zAhajahAMnA samayamAM janIne menDelle 1638mAM surata AvyA hatA. e noMdhe che ke suratanA phurajAmAM enAM kapaDAM ane khissAMnI tapAsa thaI hatI.

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80] mughala kAla sAmAnya rIte badhA mAla para sADA traNa TakA ane sonArUpA para be TakA jakAta levAtI. suratanuM baMdara suMvALI gAma pAse hatuM. surata AkhA hiMdanI aMgreja kAThIonuM vaDuM mathaka hatuM ne bIjI badhI kAThIonA vaDAone pitAnA vahIvaTane ahevAla ApavA varSamAM eka vAra surata AvavuM paDatuM. 11 thaDA vakhatamAM suratanI aMgreja kaThInA vepAramAM tejI thatI gaI. suratanA baMdarathI ghauM vaTANA vAla maga coLI kastUrI pAro lAkha ghI tela divela sAbu khAMDa murabA kAgaLa mINa aphINa ane gaLInI bhAre nikAsa thatI. zaheranI sAMkaDI zerIomAM mAlavAhI vAhanonI bhAre bhIDa rahetI. rezamI ane sutarAu kApaDa ahIMthI dezAvara jatuM. e kApaDa para suratamAM sonerI ane rUperI jarIne suMdara buTTA bharavAmAM AvatA. sATIne makhamala vagere jAtanuM kApaDa paNa vipula pramANamAM nikAsa thatuM. suMdara sUjanIo, raMgaberaMgI zetaraMjIo. saMdara palaMga ne Tebalo, cAMdInI zobhAvALI cAyaDAnI hAle vagere dezAvara jatuM. aMgrejo sIsuM talavAra capu cazmAM arIsA hakkA gulAbajaLa vagere ahIM lAvIne vecatA, jyAre valaMdAo laviMga jAyaphaLa jAvaMtrI taja marI elacI kapUra tAMbAnAM patarAM lebAna pAro hiMgaLAka sopArI hAthIdAMta sukhaDa kalAI sIsuM UnanuM kApaDa cA khAMDa paravALAM vagerenI AyAta karatA.12 sthAnika hiMdu vepArIo jAvA taraphanAM baMdarA sAthe bahaLe vepAra kheDatA ne jAvAmAM potAnI peDhIonI zAkhAo rAkhatA, jyAre muslima vepArIo moA taraphanAM baMdaro sAthe gADha vepArI saMbaMdha dharAvatA ne me Ane sodAgare suratamAM raheto.13 hiMda ane yuropa vaccenA dariyAI vepAranA eka moTA mathaka tarIke suratanuM maharava vadhatuM gayuM ne have tyAM mughala bAdazAhanI TaMkazALa paNa sthapAI. e TaMkazALa suratanA phurajAnI sAme AvelI hatI. bAdazAha zAhajahAMe suratanI baMdarI tathA mahesUlI Avaka zAhajAdI jahAMparAne bakSisa karI hatI. e Avaka 15 lAkha jeTalI hatI, jemAM baMdaranI Avaka 115 lAkha jeTalI hatI. jahAMArAe nImelA kiledAre tyAM musApharo mATe mughala sarAI baMdhAvI hatI (I.sa. 1644). phensa pravAsI Tevaniyara 1640-41 mAM ane 1653 mAM surata Avyo hato. eNe surata vize ghaNI noMdha karI che. emAM e jaNAve che : suratanuM vahANa sArI havAmAM 15 divase hemujha pahoMcatuM. kAsIma bajAramAM varSa 20,000

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201 pariziSTa ] suratanu Adara gAMsaDI rezama thatuM. emAMnuM dhaNu valA vepArIe jApAna ane hAlaeNnDa laI jatA, bAkI rahetuM badhuM rezama amadAvAda ane suratamAM khapI jatuM, suratamAM emAMthI traNa jAtanuM kApaDa banyuM : rezanI ane sAnerI, rezamI sAnerI anerU perI, ane mAtra rezamI.gaLI sarakhejathI ane geAvaLa}AMDAthI AvatI. tamAku ane aphINa burahAnapurathI AvatAM. valaMdA vepArIe ahIMthI jhINu ane jADu kApaDa kAyama magAvatA. surata baMdare mAla Utare ke tarata ene phurAmAM laI javAmAM Ave che te AvanArAonI kALajIpUrvaka jaDatI levAmAM Ave che. agreja ane valadA kaMpanI pAsethI jakAta ochI levAya che, paNa bheTasogAda ApavAmAM teone DIka kha' karavuM paDe che. meTA bhAganuM seAnuM vepArIo chupAvIne lAve che, pakaDAI jAya te thADA vadhu TakA jakAta bharavI paDe che. cAMdInI AyAta ane jakAtane hisAba thatAM TaMkazALanA uparI enA sjhA paDAvI Ape che. 14 17 mI sadImAM surata mumrala bAdazAhanA eka samRddha zahera ane baMdara tarIke nAmAMkita hatuM. bAdazAha auraMgajhebanA samayamAM zivAjI ane mutrala bAdazAha vacce sa dha vadhI gayA tyAre 1664 mAM zivAjIe mudhala bAdazAhanA e samRddha zahera para caDAI karI, kurajA AgaLathI kUca karI zrImatAnI sa Mpatti lUMTI. suratane lagabhaga traNa karADanuM nukasAna thayuM. e saMkaTamAM aMgreja ane vala aa vepArIoe bhAre bahAdurI batAvI hatI. enI kadaramAM teone vadhu vepArI savalata maLI. 1666 mAM phrenca pravAsI thaveneA surata AvelA. eNe surata vize DI paNa mahattvanI toMdha karI che. emAM e DumasanA khArAmAM vahANu Ave tyAMthI mAMDIne suratamAM kevI rIte dAkhala thavAya tathA vahANumAMnA bhAla kevI rIte tapAsAya ne pAchA meLavAya enuM vigatavAra varNana kare che. tyAre zaherane krUratA mATInA jUnA kaoNTanI jagyAe navA IMTarI kATa 'zaherapanAha' baMdhAtA hateA, tyAre nave khara-eprila sudhInA gALAmAM dezAvaranAM vahANa AvatAM te daramyAna eTalI bharapUra vastI rahetI ke sAru rahevAnuM makAna meLavavuM muzkela paDe. videzI vepArIomAM agrejo ane valaMdAo uparAMta Arae IrAnIe turkA ane Ameniyanene samAveza thatA, zaheramAM aneka lakSAdhipati hatA. 15 phrencoe hiMda sAthenA vepAranA kSetramAM meDA praveza karyAM. phrenca IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI 1664 mAM sthapAI. enA be pratinidhi pUrvataiyArI mATe surata AvyA hatA te teoe suratamAM vepAra karavA suvALImAM kADhI nAkhavAnA zAhI paravAne meLavyA hatA. phrAnsathI vepArI vahANa suratanA e bhAre AvavAnI zarUAta 1668 mAM thaI, paNa e vepAra jhAjho khIhyA nahi. 16

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22] mughala kAla [3.43% 1967mAM muMbaI eTaneA havAle aMgreja sarakAre peAtAnI IsTa inDiyA kaMpanIne ApyA. zarUAtamAM tyAMnA gavarnara suratanI kAThInA vaDAnI nIce kAma karatA, paNa AmAM ja suratanA vepAranI maMdInAM mULa nakhAyAM. 1970 mAM zivAjIe surata para caDAI karI lUMTa karI, lUMTamAM surate 66 lAkha rUpiyAnI mAlamatA gumAvI. A ghaTanA samaye keTalAya vepArIoe su'vALI khadaramAM Azraya lIdhA hatA. videzI vepArI zivAjI sAthe maLI gayA hovAnuM mAlUma paDatAM bAdazAhe teonA viziSTa hakka rada karavA kramAvyuM . 17 zivAjInI caDAInI dhAka e pachI paNa cAlu rahI, chatAM suratamAM vastI vadhatI gaI te vepAraudyoganI dhaNI pravRtti cAlu rahI. kara`gI vepArIenI pravRttimAM pAche uchALA AvyA. aMgreja vepArI cAMciyAgIrIne ane devAdAra thaI dAdAgIrI karavAnI nItine uttejana ApavA lAgyA. 1687mAM aMgreja ka panIe peAtAnuM thANuM suratathI muMbaI khaseDayuM ne tyAMthI anya pradezA para sattA jamAvavA manasUkSma karyAM.18 yira nAme a Mgreja tabIba suratamAM 1674-81 daramyAna rahelA. eNe peAtAnA graMthamAM suratanI a Mgreja keAThInA vahIvaTa vize temaja suratanAM phurajA tathA TaMkazALa vize vigatavAra mAhitI noMdhI che.19 aMgreja ka`panInA adhikArIe potAnA durtAvathI pratiSThA gumAvatA gayA. 1698 mAM IMgliza kaMpanI' nAme navA maMDaLI sthapAI tenI harIphAI zarU thaI. chevaTe e kaM panI cAkIne 1702 mAM eka thaI. hiMdanA kApaDanI gheAdhamAra AyAtathI tyAMnA vaNakara bekAra thatAM tyAM hiMdanA rezamI kApaDanI tathA raMgelA ke chApelA sutarAu kApaDanI AyAta para pratibaMdha nAvAyA. tyAre suratanA zANA vepArIoe kAcu rezama sUtara ane sAdA kApaDanI dhUma nikAsa karavA mAMDI, vepAradhaMdho jArI rAkhyA. vaLI cAnI nikAsa paNa vadhArI dIdhI.20 evigTana nAme aMgreja pAdarI 1689-92 mAM surata rahelA. e dhe che : surata jANe samasta hiMnuM eka bhavya saMgrahasthAna che. tamAma tarehanA mAla ahI maLe che. ahIthI mAla kharIdI meATA nakArthI khIje vecI zakAya che. yurApU cIna IrAna baTetriyA ane hiMdunA baMdare baMdarathI mAla suratanA * bajAramAM Ave che. dilhI AgrA bharUca amadAvAda vagere zaherAne temaja duniyAnA dhaNA dezane mAla ahIM Ave che. vahANu banAvanAra. suthArA ghaNA hAziyAra hAya che. emAM baMdUkanI goLIthI taraDa paDatI nathI.21

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pariziSTa]. suratanuM baMdara [280 18 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM yuropIya vepArIone suratanA mutsadI sAthe saMgharSa thata gaye. auraMgajhebanA mRtyu pachI mughala sattA nabaLI paDI. aMgrejoe mughala bAdazAhatane surata baMdaranI jakAtanA vArSika Ucaka rU. 10,000 ApavA evuM nakkI thayuM. phrAnsanA vaNakarane asaMtoSa vadhI paDatAM suratamAMthI phrenca kAThI. uThAvI levAmAM AvI (1719). zaherane pharato koTa "zaharapanAha" koTanI bahAranAM parAne AvarI letA nahi tethI bRhad suratanI AkhI Alamane rakSaNa Ape. te bahAra kaTa "AlamapanAha" baMdhAvavAmAM AvyA.rara . suratane mutsaddI rustama alIkhAna pilAI gAyakavADa sAthenA saMgharSamAM vaso pAse dagAthI mAryo gayo (1725). kavi zAmaLa bhaTe A ghaTanA vize. 'rUstama kulIno pavADo" o che. 23 dilhImAM tyAre muhammadazAha rAjya karato hato (171-1748), gujarAtamAM gAyakavADanI tathA pezvAnI sattA vadhatI jatI hatI. mughalAI nabaLI paDatAM. sUbedAre ane hAkema navAba' banavA lAgyA hatA. suratamakhAnanA putra ane uttarAdhikArI seharAbakhAnanA samayathI suratanA mutsaddI paNa navAba banI gayA. suratanA vahANuvADAnA keTalAka kuzaLa pArasI kArIgara muMbaInA gavarnaranI bhalAmaNathI muMbaI jaI vasyA(1735). AmAM lavajI vADiyAnI khyAti mera phelAI. vADiyA kuTuMbe peDhIo lagI e khyAti jArI rAkhI.24 navAba mATenI AMtarika khaTapaTamAM surata zahera tathA baMdaranI jAhojalAlI ghaTatI gaI, dariyAI vepAranuM vaDuM mathaka muMbaI thavAthI paNa enA vepAradhaMdhAne phaTako paDyo. 18mI sadInA aMte suratamAM navAbInA sthAne aMgreja sarakAranI sattA pravatI, pachI tyAMnI sthiti sudharatI rahI, paraMtu baMdara tarIkenI enI jAherajalAlI pAchI na. AvI te na ja AvI. pAdaTIpa 1. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta', bhA. 1, pR. ra06 2. IzvaralAla i. desAI, "surata senAnI mUrata', pR. 3 3. ejana, pR. 1 8. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarot, Vo-l. I, p. 265 5. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 10-12 4. M. S. Commissariat, op.cit., Vol II, pp. 11 f. 7. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 18-21

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284] mughala kAla fjha 86 8. ejana, pR. 21-rara 9. ejana, 5. 23-25 20. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 345 . 11. Ibid, pp. 349 f 12. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, 5. 230 13. ejana, pR. 31-32 14. ejana, pR. 36-37 24. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 159 ff. 16. I. I. desAI, pR. 54-55 17, ejana, pR. 55-58 18. ejana, 5. 64-66 ze. M. S. Commissariat, op. cit., pp. 371 ff. 20. I. I. desAI. uparyukta, 5, 65-71 21. ejana, pR. 72-73 22. ejana, pR. 80-85. 23. ejana, pR. 8-90; M. S. Commissariat, op. cit, pp. 414 ff. vaLI jue ranamaNirAva bhImarAva, "gujarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda', pR. 13-33, pA. TI. 16. 24. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 9-100

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prakaraNa 9 bhASA ane sAhitya 1, bhASA phArasI mughala kAla daramyAna sArAye sAmrAjyanI rAjyakArobAranI bhASA phArasI hatI. gujarAtanA sUbedAro paNa phArasI bhASAmAM rAjya-kArobAra calAvatA. TUMkamAM, phArasI bhAratanI ane gujarAtanI paNa rAjyabhASA hatI. sarakArI pharamAne patravyavahAra ane adAlatanI kAryavAhI vagere tamAma bAbatamAM phArasI bhASAne upayoga thato. e zAsakenI bhASA hoI roja-ba-rojanA vyavahAramAM paNa ene chUTathI upayoga thato. phArasI tatkAlIna rAjyabhASA heI, rAjyakArobAra sAthe saMkaLAyela athavA rAjya-kArobAra sAthe saMkaLAvA IcchatA sau koI mATe e bhASA zIkhavAnuM anivArya hatuM. zahenazAha sulatAna navAba nAjhima Amila ke zahera-kAjI vagere tamAma sAthe phArasI dvArA saMparka sAdhI zakAto. Ane kAraNe gujarAtamAM vasatI keLavAyelI kamenA mANaso phArasI zIkhavA prerAtA. phArasInA jJAna vagara emanI keLavaNI adhUrI gaNAtI. hiMduomAM nAgara ane kAyastha jevI mutsaddI komoe sarakArI nokarI meLavavA mATe phArasI bhASAno abhyAsa karyo ane keTalAka saMgIna abhyAsa karI phArasInA samartha vidhAna banyA, ane judAM judAM sarakArI khAtAMomAM bakSI vakIla daphataradAra zikAra munazI majamUdAra vagere heddAo prApta karyA. temAMthI ghaNuoe te phArasI sAhityamAM suMdara graMtha paNa lakhyA che. upA. bhAnucaMdra ane upA. siddhicaMdra phArasI bhASAno abhyAsa karyo hato. bIjA keTalAka jaina sAdhuo phArasI bhASAnA sArA jANakAra hatA ema jANavA maLe che. jaina sAdhuoe phArasImAM racelAM stuti-stotra maLI Ave che. saMskRta saMskRta gujarAtI bolacAlanI mukhya bhASA hatI chatAM saMskRtane paNa ThIka ThIka abhyAsa thato hato. gujarAtInA mAdhyama dvArA saMskRtano abhyAsa karavA mATe ukti' graMtho A kALa daramyAna lakhAyA hatA.

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28] mughala kAla [5. saMskRta kRtiomAM graMyakAree tatkAlIna arabI-phArasI ane gujarAtI keTalAye zabda apanAvI lIdhelA jovA maLe che. zrI devavimalagaNie "hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvyamAM evA zabdone saMskRta-paghomAM vaNI lIdhA che; jemake "mahammada' mATe muhamda (sarga 1, leka 129), "pharamAna mATe "spharanmAna" (11-18), devadUta' mATe pegaMbara' (13-137), "kuraAna mATe "kurAna' (13-143), Izvara mATe "khudA' (13-138), "mughala' mATe mugala ane yavana jAtinA nAma mATe "gAjI (14-82), "sAmaMta' mATe khAnakhAna" (14-84), "rAjA-bAdazAha' nAma mATe "pAtisAhi' (14-84), eka prakAranAM nANuM mATe "tyArI, vyArikA (17-171-172), eka prakAranA vastra mATe "kathIpaka' (17-171), "zekha mATe zeSa" (1-191). , , A ja rIte keTalAye tatkAlIna gujarAtI zabda paNa zrI devavimalagaNie upayogamAM lIdhA che, jemake-samIkaraNa mATe "sUravAya' (9-92), hiMdu (5. 618), 'kathI" (902), "mAMDavo" (92), badhAMTa' (902), khaMjana mATe gaMgerau" (ra68), "aNAvyuM" (675- Ama aneka zabda saMskRta sAthe joDAI gayA che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kiMvA guja2 bhAkhA - "AdibhaktiyuganA mahatvanA kavi bhAlaNe jene gujara bhAkhA' kahI che " tevI, bhASAvikAsanA kramamAM madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASAbhUmikA tarIke svIkArAyelI, svarUpamAM have "gujarAtI' thaI cUkelI bhASAmAM, ApaNI A graMthanA samayanI maryAdA(I. sa. 1574 thI 1757-vi.saM. 1630 thI 1813)ne vicAra karatAM, khAsa karI likhita svarUpane khyAla karatAM be cakhA gALA jovA maLe che. madhyakAlIna gujarAtI bhASA Isa. 1576 sudhImAM traNa bhUmikA vaTAvI akhA ane premAnaMdanI kRtionI likhita arvAcIna bhASAbhUmikAne AMbavAnuM karatI cothI mizrabhUmikAne rajU karI Ape che. bIjI mizrabhUmikAthI jeno AraMbha thayo hato tevAM svarasaMkocana (ra > ri, ghoDa3 > gho jevAM rU5 adazya thavA lAge che ane arvAcIna rUpo (> are, ghoDo) sthApita thatAM jAya che. akhA ane premAnaMdamAM A rUpa sthira thaI jAya che ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnI 1lI bhUmikA I.sa. 1650 AsapAsathI lekhanamAM amalI banI rahe che, have e siddha thaI cUkyuM che ke lekhanamAM bhUmikAo krame krame vaTAvAtI jatI hatI chatAM arvAcIna bhASAnAM uccAraNa narasiMha mahetAnA samaya

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huM su* ] bhASA ane sAhitya [ 287 (I.sa. 1414-1480 aMdAje)mAM sArI rIte sthira thaI gayAM hatAM. sa MkhyAaMdha hAthapratA te te samayanI maLe che, jeemAM madhyakAlIna bhASAbhUmikAnAM kramika rUpAnI sAtheAsAtha lahiyAone hAthe svAbhAvika arvAcIna uccaritarUpa ajANatAM lakhAI gayAM heAya che. te te kavie peAtAnI racanA gAI hoya te te te rUpa kevuM uccarita thatuM haze enA aNusAra AmAMthI maLI jAya che. 1 hAthapratAnI dRSTie jovAmAM Ave te jaina dhATInA lahiyA lAMbA samaya sudhI madhyakAlIna gujarAtInI kramika bhUmikAone lekhanamAM samAdara karatA jovA maLe che, jyAre jainetara dhATInA lahiyA I.sa. 1625 ane 1650nA gALAthI arvAcIna bhUmikAmAM bhASA-varUpa ApatA thaI gayA hoya che, evuM paNa banyu che ke arvAcIna bhUmikAnA samartha sAhityakAro akhA ane premAna nI kAI kAI racanAnI nakale arvAcInane badale madhyakAkSIna gujarAtInI ceAthI mizrabhUmikAmAM paNa jovA maLI che. 2 2. sAhitya (a) saMskRta-prAkRta A samayamAM brAhmaNeAe kriyAkAMDa ane jyAtiSaneA vyavasAya hAtha dharI lIdhA hatA. zrAddha karAvavAM, lagna karAvavAM, mudbhUta kADhI ApavAM temaja lagnakuMDalI anusAra phaLAdeza kahevA e vyavasAya pachI te vArasAgata banI gaye|. theADAka vidyAjavI brAhmaNu saMskRta pAThazALA ke vyaktigata adhyApana upara AvikA calAvatA. keTalAka brAhmaNa vidvAnenI jyAtiSa ane kriyAkAMDa viSayaka racanAo paNa upalabdha che. jaina muniee prAcIna graMthakAronI praNAlI cAlu rAkhavA sAthe lekhana- ' prakAramAM vaividhya batAvyuM. vijJaptiputrA, samasyApUrti e, anekA' kAvyA, anekasaMdhAna kAvyA, dezI DhALeAmAM saMskRta stavaneA, auSadha-matrabhita staMtro, adha-prAkRta-adha sa`skRta-adha gujarAtI-asaMskRta-Ama anekavidha racanAo dvArA kauzala batAvavAmAM pAchI pAnI karI nathI. khAsa tA emaNe jainetara viziSTa kAvye| upara udAra manathI TIkAe racI che te dhyAnamAM levA jevu che, raghuvaMzakAvya upara 16, kumArasaMbhava kAvya upara 13, meTThata kAvya upara 16, kirAtArjunIya kAvya upara 3, zizupAlavadha kAvya upara 2 ane naiSadhIyacaritakAvya upara 4 jainAcAryAMnI TIkAe Aja sudhImAM maLI AvI che. e sivAya kAkharI vAsavadattA damayaMtI pUkha prazasti vagere aneka kAvyA upara jainA

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209 ] suvA kAra cAryae vyAkhyAo ApI che, jemAMnA moTA bhAganA vyAkhyAkArA A samayanA che. vaLI, A kALamAM upara jaNAvyuM tema, rArasI bhASA pracalita heAvAthI ArasInA dhaNuA zabda apanAvI saMskRta racanAe, phrArasI bhASAmAM stuti-teAtro vagere racyAM che. bhAnudre dRArasInA dhaNA graMthe| pratimA-guNAthI jANI samajIne bAdazAha akabarane vaheMcAvyA hatA.4 muslimA paNa saMskRta bhASAnA abhyAsa karatA. dArAe karelAM upaniSadAnAM bhASAMtara prasiddha che. dAniyAra ane zekha upA. bhAnucaMdra pAse adhyayana karatA hatA evI vigata jANavA maLe che. .. vijJaptipatro : A kAlamAM e samayanA suprasiddha jainAcAryone emanA ziSyA ke cAhako taraphathI, cAturmAMsamAM jyAM kAMya sthira thayA hoya tyAMnA saranAme, vijJaptipatro sa MskRtamAM lakhAyA che. A tyAMnAM sthaLavaNuM tenI kAvya- lakSaNAyA dIpatI racanAo che. A prakAra khIlavavAne rasa jaina kavie| ja laI jAya che. vaLI jaina munioe potAnI vidvattA ane kaDaka AcArapAlanathI muslima bAdazAheAne prasanna karI aneka prakAranAM mAna meLavyAM hatAM. A pharamAna te aMgata kAI mAgaNInAM na hatAM, paraMtu pazu-pAMkhI ane mAnavakalyANunI bhAvanAthI prerAIne temaja jaina dhamanA siddhAMtAnA pracAra mATenAM hatAM;pa jemakekoI pazupa'khIte na mAravAM evI amArI, jajiyAverA, muMDakAverA, mRtakanuM dhana na levuM, phrAMsI ApavAmAMthI chUTakArA, dIvAneAne cheADI mUkavA, pAMjare pUrelAM paMkhIone choDI devAM, mAchalAM na mAravAM, paryuSaNa temaja khIjA tahevAramAM jIhuM'sA na thAya ane jaitene potAnAM tIrthImAM javA-AvavA savalatA maLe e mATenAM mAna meLavyAM hatAM. Ama tee lokAneA nItimattAneA stara UMce Ave e rItanA upadeza ApavA potAnI vidvattAnA upayega karatA. sAhityalekhe gujarAtamAM rahI anekavidha sevA karanArA jaina temaja ajaina graMthakAranI racanAo sabadhe have vigate joIe. maheA. dharma sAgara gaNi (I.sa. 1753) : tapAgacchIya dhasAgara upAdhyAye kharataragacchanA kha`DanarUpe aukTrika mateAsUtra dIpikA (I.sa. 1561), 2. tattvatara'giNI-vRtti, 3. pravacanaparIkSA (kupakSakauzikAdiya ) savRtti (I.sa. 1573), jemAM jaina sa MpradAyanA avAMtara gacchAnuM ugra bhASAmAM khaMDana che), 4. [pathikA SatrizikA ( I.sa. 1573 ), 5. kapasUtra upara kiraNAvalI TIkrA ( I.sa.

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9 mu ] bhASA ane sAhitya 89 1572), 6. jaMbUdIpa-prApti-vRtti (I.sa. 1583), 7. gurnAvalI padAvalI savRtti, 8. payuMSaNuM zataka savRtti, 9. sarva zataka savRtti, 10. vardhamAna zrAviMzikA, 11, SaDazazlokI-gurutattapradIpikA-vivaraNa e graMtha racya che. teo mULa gujarAtamAM AvelA lADela gAmanA vatanI hatA. teo saM. 16pa3nA kArtika sudi 9 nA divase khaMbhAtamAM svargastha thayA hatA. kavi hemavijayagaNi (I.sa. 1576) emaNe saM. 1932 mAM pArtha nAthacaritra, saM. 16pa0 lagabhagamAM "kasturIprakara' nAmane sUktigraMtha ane saM. 1656 mAM khaMbhAtamAM RSabhazataka, kathAratnAkara (saM. 1657) vagere graMtha racyA che. kItikillolinI' kAvya A. vijayasenasUrinI prazastirUpe racyuM che. vaLI caturvizatinistuti (zleSamaya saTIka)" "kamaLabaMdha stuti "caturvizatistotra vagere aneka staMtra racyAM che. zatruMjaya upara kamazAhanI pachI zeTha tejapAle karAvela jIrNoddhAranI prazasti A kavie racI che. emaNe " vijyaprazasti mahAkAvya" nAmaka graMtha saM. 1981 mAM IDaramAM 16 sargAtmaka ra te pachI pite svargastha thatAM emanA gurubhAI vidyAvijyanA ziSya muni guNavijaye pAMca saga racI e kAvya pUrNa karyuM ane e 21 sargo upara guNavijaye "vijayadIpikA' nAmaka TIkA saM. 1688 mAM racI pUrNa karela che. | kavi hemavijaye gujarAtImAM paNa keTalIka racanAo karI che. saM. 1661 mAM mahesANAmAM "kamalavijayarAsa" ane "neminAtha caMdrAulo vagere jANItI racanAo che. paghasAgaragaNi (I.sa. 1577) : A gaNi sAhitya ane darzananA prakhara paMDita hatA. teo sArA kavi ane vAdi hatA, emaNe dArzanika racanA omAM saM. 163 (I.sa. 1577)mAM "nayaprakAzASTaka saTIka "pramANaprakAza saTIka" ane "yuktiprakAza saTIka racyAM che. kAvyakRtiomAM saM. 1634mAM pAMca sargamAM "zIlaprakAza kAvya racyuM che. emaNe "yazadharAcaritra' "karmaparIkSA tilakamaMjarI-vRtti' "tilakama jarI-sAra', saM. 1657 mAM "uttarAdhyayana kathAsaMgraha" ane saM. 1646 nA varSa pahelAM "jagadguru' nAmaka kAvya racyuM che. jagadaguru kAvya" e kavinI aitihAsika prAsAdika racanA che. A. hIravijayasUri, I-6-19

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raha0 ]. mughala kAla [. jemane mughala bAdazAha akabare "jagalurunA birudathI navAjyA hatA temanI prazastirUpe e racyuM che. yAjJikanAtha (I.sa. 1579 Asa) : yAjJikanAtha jaMbusaranA rahevAsI ane jyotiSazAstranA prakhara vidvAna hatA. emaNe "jAtakacaMdrikA" nAmanI kRti ApI che. teo zaka saM. 1500 (I.sa. 1578) AsapAsa thayA hoya ema mAnI zakAya. | muni ravisAgara (I.sa. 1580): tapA. harSa sAgara rAjasAgaranA ziSya muni ravisAgare saM. 1636 (I.sa. 1580)mAM "rUpasenacaritra', saM. 1645 mAM mAMDalamAM pradyumnacaritra ane e ja varSamAM unnatanagara (unA)mAM "mauna ekAdazInI kathA vagere racanAo karI. devavimalagaNi (I.sa. 1583 thI 1615) : siMhavimalagaNinA ziSya devavimalagaNie "hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya ane enA para pas "sukhAvadha nAmanI vRtti racI che. emaNe A kAvya ane vRttinI racanAno AraMbha saM. 139 I.sa. 1583)mAM karyo hato ane pUrNAhuti saM. 1671(I.sa. 1615)mAM karI hatI. enA 17 sarga che. A kAvyamAM kavie e vakhate pracalita evA keTalAka phArasI zabdone apanAvI laI kAvyamAM gUMthI dIdhA che. AmAM gujarAtanAM jhUjhavADA, sAbhramatI nadI, ahamadAvAda, pATaNa, khaMbhAta vagere sthaLonuM kavitvamaya varNana che. A kAvyanuM saMzodhana upA. kalyANuvijayanA ziSya dhanaviya vAcake karyuM hatuM. A kAvya-vRttimAM aneka graMthanAM avataraNa che. je kartAnI bahuzrutatAne paricaya karAve che. devavimalagaNinA samayanI sAmAjika sAMskRtika dhArmika rAjakIya vagere vigato jANavA mATe A kAvyanuM aitihAsika daSTie bahu mUlya che.. muni jayasama (I.sa. 1584) : khara. kSemazAkhAnA kSemarAja (-prada mANikapa)nA ziSya muni jyae saM. 1640 (I.sa. 1584)mAM "IriyAvahikA viMzikA paNa TIkA sahita ane saM. 164pamAM "paSaNa prakaraNa saTIka racyAM che. vaLI "kamacaMdramaMtrivaMzatkIrtana kAvya nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya racyuM che. A kAvyamAM maMtrI karmacaMdranA jIvana vize hakIkata jaNAvI che. emanA ziSya muni guNavinaya khaMDa prazasti' kAvyanI TIkAnI prazastimAM jaNAve che ke muni jyome akabara bAdazAhanI rAjasabhAmAM vAdamAM ya meLavyo hate.

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291 9 muM ] bhASA ane sAhitya upA, guNavinayagaNi (I.sa. 1585): khara. kSemazAkhAnA komarAjajayasama upA.nA ziSya guNavinaya upAdhyAye aneka vRttigraMthanI racanA karI che. 1. saM. 1641mAM hanumAna kavi-kRta khaMDa prazasti kAvya para subAdhikA nAmanI vRtti, 2. saM. 164mAM kAlidAsa kavinA "raghuvaMza kAvya" para vRtti, 3. e ja varSamAM trivikrama bhaTTa-kRta "damayaMti kathA caMpU" para TIkA, 4. saM. 1647mAM virAgya zataka' para TI. 5. saM. 1651mAM jayazekhara-kRta "saMbodhasaptatikA para vRtti, 6. saM. 1659lmAM "laghuzAMtistavana" para TIkA, 7. saM. 1665mAM navAnagaramAM tapA. dharmasAgara upA.nA 'usUtrakhaMDana'nA pratyuttararUpe "usUtrodghATana kulakInI racanA karI che. jinavallabhasUrinA "ajita zAMtistava" para mitabhASiNIvRtti, "zabdArtha samuccaya' vagere graMtha racyA che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa keTalAka graMtha racyA che. muni kanakakuzala (I.sa. 1585) : A vijayasenasUrinA ziSya muni kanakasale saM. 1641mAM jinastuti, "kalyANamaMdira stotra para TIkA, saM. 16para mAM vijyAdazamInA divase vaDanagaramAM rahIne "bhaktAmara stotra para TIkA saM. 1653 mAM sAdaDImAM "vizAlalocana para vRtti, saM. 1655mAM meDatAmAM saubhAgya paMcamIthA, varadatta guNamaMjarIkathA, sAdhAraNa jina stavana para avacUri, ranAkarapaMcaviMzati" para TIkA saM. 1656 mAM surapriyamunikathA, saM. 1657mAM rohiNeyakathAnaka vagere racanAo karI che. emaNe "dAnaprakAza' nAmano graMtha saM. 1656mAM ATha prakAzamAM racyo che. ane bhinna bhinna kathAo dvArA munine dAna devAthI thatA lAbhanI vigata vaNavI che. kRti saraLa ane manohara saMskRta padyamAM che. vAcaka samayasuMdaragaNi (I.sa. 1585) : khara. upA. sakalacaMdranA ziSya samayasuMdara vAcake saM. 1641 (I.sa. 1585) mAM "bhAvazataka' nAme zataka kAvya (paNa TIkA sAthe) racyuM che. saM. 164mAM emaNe rAgano hate sahayama e vAkyanA ATha lAkha artha karI samrATa akabarane camatkRta karyo hate. saM. 1663 mAM "rUpakamAlA" para vRtti racI che. saM. 165mAM emaNe "jinasiMhasUri padetsava' kAvya racyuM che. saM. 1664mAM "cAturmAsika vyAkhyAna paddhati', saM. 166pamAM "cAturmAsika parvakathA', saM. 1666 mAM ane vIramapuramAM kAlikAcAryakathA, saM. 167ramAM meDatAmAM "sAmAcArIzataka racyuM ane "vizeSa zataka' racyuM che. A zatakamAM saM. 1787 mAM paDelA bhayaMkara duSkALanuM varNana karyuM che.

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292] mughala kAla saM. 1974mAM " vicArazataka', saM. 1685 mAM visaMvAdazataka' lUNakaNasaramAM, riNIgAme "yatyArAdhanA' 'vizeSasaMgraha, kaTapasUtra upara "kalpalatA vivRtti', dIkSA pratiSThAdi zuddhi' vagere graMtha racyA che. emaNe "kathAkeza' graMthamAM 167 sthA lakhI che. saM. 1686 mAM gAthAsahastrI', saM. 1687 mAM jayatihuaNustAtravRtti', saM. 1691 mAM khaMbhAtamAM "dazavaikAlika sUtra' para zabdArtha-vRtti, saM. 1694mAM jAleramAM "vRttaratnAkara' para vRtti, kAlidAsanA raghuvaMza' kAvya para vRtti, saMvAdasuMdara', "kalyANumaMdiratetra para vRtti, jinavalabhasUri-racita "duriyarayasamIra" mahAvIra stotra para vRtti vagere racanAo karI. saM. 1698mAM "jIva vicAra navatatva ane daMDaka paranI vRttio amadAvAdamAM racI. bhASAmAM te emanI aneka kRtio che. raghurAma (I.sa. 1589) : kacchanA bhUja nagaranA nivAsI jayarAmanA putra raghurAme vi.saM. 1645 (I.sa. 1589)mAM saMskRta gadyamAM kAlanirNayasiddhAMta nAmaka dharmazAstrane graMtha race che, enA uparathI 5. mahAdeve e padyamAM racanA karI che. upA, zAMticaMdragaNi (I.sa. 1514): tapA, upA. sakalacaMdranA ziSya upA. zAMticaMdragaNie saM. 1670 (I.sa. 1614) mAM "kRpArasakeza' nAmanuM 128 praznonuM nAnuM suMdara kAvya racyuM che. AmAM graMthakAre akabara bAdazAhanA zaurya vagere guNonI prazaMsA karI che. khuza thayelA bAdazAha pAsethI eNe keTalAMka amAri-pharamAna meLavyAM hatAM, jajiyA re vagere dUra karAvyA hatA. - A sivAya upA. zAMticaMdra jaMbuddIvapaNutti' upara saM. 1650 (I.sa. 1594) mAM "prameyaratnamaMjUSA' nAmanI TIkA, saM. 1651mAM "ajitazAMtistava ane "kavitA madaparihAra-saTIkanI racanA karI che. emaNe ghaMTAkarNaka95' nAmaka manohara kAvya paNa racyuM che. emaNe IDaranA rAva nArAyaNa bIjAnI sabhAmAM saM. 1633 pachI digaMbara bhaTTAraka vakribhUvane ane vAgaDane ghATazila nagaranA ane jodhapuranA rAjA mAladenA bhatrIjA rAjA sahastra nalanI saMmukha digaMbara vAdI guNacaMdrane vAmAM harAvyo hato devavijayagaNe (Isa. 1596) : A. vijyarAjasUrinA ziSya muni vijayagaNie (saM. 16 para I.sa. 1596) mAM "rAmacarita', je "padmacarita agara jaina rAmAyaNa' nAmathI oLakhAya che, tenI racanA A hemacaMdranA triSaSTi

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muM] bhASA ane sAhitya | 293 zalAkApurUSacaritanA sAtamA parvanA AdhAre karI che. saM 1660 mAM "pAMDavacarita' nAmane graMtha saMskRta gadyamAM racyo che. A. devendrasUrie racelAM dAnAdi cAra kulake upara saM. 1666 mAM dharmaratnamaMjUSA' nAmanI TIkA ane "sattarisapaThANa' upara vRtti racI. ajI (I.sa. 1597) : vaDanagaranivAsI bhImanA putra ajI paMDite saM. 16 53 (I.sa. 1597) mAM "maNikuMDadIpa' nAmano graMtha saTIka ra. harSakIrtisUri (I.sa. 1604) nAgorI tapAgacchIya A caMdrakIrtisUrinA ziSya a. hakItisUrie vi.saM. 16 60 (I.sa. 1604) mAM "tisAra saMgraha' ke "jyotisArahAra 10 tathA janmapatrI-pahati" nAme graMtha lakhyA. uparAMta "bhaktAmarastetra "laghuzAMti tetra" "ajitazAMti stotra" "uvasagaharastotra' "navakAramaMtra vagere te trA para ane saM. 1655 mAM "baharachAMtistotra ane "kalyANamaMdira stotra" tathA "siMdUraprakara' para TIkAo racI che. vaLI, sArasvata-dIpikA', saM. 1668 mAM "seTa-aniTa-kArikA-vivaraNa dhAtupAThataraMgiNI-dhAtupAkavivaraNuM' "zAradIya-nAmamAlA-keza" mRtabAdhavRtti" "gaciMtAmaNi vidyAsAroddhAra vagere graMtha paNa racyA. | muni lakSmIcaMda (I.sa. 1604) : pArdhacaMdragacchIya jagacaMdranA ziSya muni lakSmIcaMdra gaNitasAraNI" nAmaka jyotiSa-viSayaka graMthanI vi.saM. 1760 (I.sa. 1704) mAM racanA karI. zrIvallabha pAThaka (I.sa. 1605) khara jJAnavimalasarinA ziSya zrIvallabha pAThake jinadevasUrikRta " zicha nAmakaza para vRtti, A. hemacaMdranA nighaMTukeza para vRtti, saM. 1661 mAM jodhapuramAM hemacaMdrAcArya kRta "liMgAnuzAsana para "dugaprabaMdha' nAmanI TIkA, saM. 1667 mAM hemacaMdranI "abhidhAnanAmamAlA para "sAroddhAra' nAmanI vRtti ane saM. 1675 mAM aranAthastutinI pavRtti sahita racanA karI che. vaLI "caturdazasvaravAdasthala" "sAraravataga nirNaya vyAkaraNa-kaThinazabdavRti' 'vikabedha kAvya' ane saM. 1699 mAM AcArya vijayadevasUrinI stutirUpe 19 sargomAM "vijadevasUrimAhAsya nAmaka kAvya saMkSipta TIkA sAthe raceluM che. zubhavijaya(I.sa. 1605) tapA. A. hIravijayasUrinA ziSya zubhaviSe saM. 1661 (I.sa. 1605)mAM mInAmamAlAbIjaka, saM. 163 mAM bataka bhASAvArtika', saM 1665 mAM rAjanagaramAM vijyadevasUrinA AdezathI kAvyakalpalatA

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raha4] mughala kAla [x. vRti para makaraMda' nAmanI vRttinI racanA karI. saM. 1667 mAM "syAdvAra bhASA' ane enI vRtti, saM. 1671 mAM saM. 1665mAM ka9pasUtra' para TIkA ane praznottarasaMgraha (saM. 1657 thI 1671 nA gALAmAM) saMkalita karyAM che. muni sahajakIti (I sa. 1605) : khara. vAcaka ratnasArane ziSya muni sahajakIrtie AgamagraMthomAM saMskRtamAM 1. "ka9pasUtra' para "kapamaMjarI" nAmaka vRtti ane 2. "aneka zAstrasAra' racyAM che. mahAkAvyamAM 3. "livadhi pArzvanAtha mahAbhya mahAkAvya', stutiomAM 4, "zatadalakamalAlaMkRta-drapurIya pArzvanAtha stuti (saM. 1683) ane 5. mahAvIra stuti' (saM. 1646), vyAkaraNamAM 6 zabdArNava vyAkaraNa" savRtti (saptapI)-aparanAma "ajuprAsa vyAkaraNa', 7 "sArasvata sutrA' para vRtti (saM. 1682), 8 "ekAdi zata paryaM ta zabdasAdhanikA" ane kozamAM 9 "nAmakeza' (cha kAMDamAM) racyAM che. A uparAMta gujarAtI bhASAmAM emaNe 10 jeTalA graMtha racyA che.11 jayaragaNi (I.sa. 166) : paMDita muni jyaranagaNie jyotiSane deSaratnAvalI' ane vaidyakane javaraparAjaya' (saM. 1662) ema be graMtha khaMbhAtamAM racyA. paMDita vizrAma (I.sa. 1608) : jaMbusaranA vatanI paMDita vizrAme jAtapaddhati' (zaka saM. 15ra9-I sa. 1608), maMtraziromaNi" (zaka saM. 1537-I.sa. 1616)mAM racI ApyAM. bIjAmAM sarva prathama zaMkuyaMtra batAvyuM che. e pachI ghaTikAyaMtra cA yaMtra tuNyaMtra nalikAyaMtra vagere yaMtrethI grahanI spaSTatA karavAnI rIta batAvI che. upA. bhAnucaMdragaNi (I.sa 1609) : "AIna-I-akabarImAMthI jANavA maLe che ke bAdazAha akabaranA darabAramAM mAnya vidvAnene vargamAM "bhANacaMdra' nAmathI prasiddha upA. bhAnacaMdragaNi siddhapuranA vatanI che. rAmajI ane emanAM patnI ramAdenA putra hatA. emanuM nAma "bhANajI' hatuM. A hIravijayasUri saM. 1639 mAM bAdazAha akabaranA AmaMtraNathI phatehapura sikrI jaI rahyA hatA tyAre muni bhAnacaMdra paNa zAMticaMdragaNinI sAthesAtha siddhapurathI emanI sAthe gayA hatA. mahe. zAMticaMdra bAdazAha akabara pAsethI gujarAta tarapha gayA tyAre paM. bhAnucaMdrane bAdazAha pAse mUkI gayA. akabara emane bahu mAnato hato. bAdazAhe emane "upAdhyAya'nI padavI paNa apAvI hatI. upA. bhAnucaMdra phArasIne paNa abhyAsa karyo hate.

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muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [295 upA. bhAnacaMdra bANakavinI 'kAdaMbarI(pUrvAdha)'nI vRtti vasaMtarAja zAkuna vRtti" "sArasvata vyAkaraNa vRtti "kAvyaprakAza-vRtti "abhidhAnanAmamAlA vRtti "vivekavilAsa vRtti' "ratnapAlakathAnaka' "sUryasahastranAma-savRtti" vagere graMtha racyA che. teo bAdazAha akabaranA jIvanakAla paryata emanI sAthe rahyA hatA. chevaTe pitAnA vidvAna ziSya siddhacaMdrane laIne teo gujarAtanA vaDedarA ane gaMdhAra thaI pATaNa AvyA12 pachIthI teo saMghapuramAM vizeSa rahyA hatA. emane aneka ziSyone parivAra hato. emanA jIvana vize vizeSa hakIkate emanA ziSya upA. siddhicaMdra racela "bhAnucaMdracarita kAvyamAMthI prApta thAya che. muni ratnacaMdragaNi (I.sa. 1612) : u5. zAMticaMdragaNinA ziSya muni ratnacaMdra "raghuvaMzanI TIkA", saM. 1668 (I.sa. 1612) pahelAM "naiSadhIya kAvya upara TIkA, gurue racelA "kRpArasakeza" upara vRtti ane "adhyAtmakaTapadrumavRtti', "AdhyAtmaka5tA' saM. 1674mAM suratamAM, "sammasattAriyA (samyakatva (saptatikA) upara bAlAvabedha (saM. 1676mAM) "bhavIrastavavRtti" "kalyANamaMdiratetravRtti', "vA pramo tetranI vRtti, "bhaktAmarastetrivRtti', "zrImad dharmatava-vRtti vagere graMtha ane "pradyumnacarita' nAmanuM svataMtra kAvya racyAM che. vaLI, "kumativiSAhijAMgulI" nAmano graMtha upA dhamasAgaragaNinA matanA khaMDanarUpe ra. upA. siddhicaMdragaNi (I.sa. 1614) : upA bhAnucaMdranA vidvAna ziSya upA. siddhicaMdra gaNie saM. 1670 (i.sa. 1414) lagabhagamAM pitAnA gurunA jIvananuM nirUpaNa karatuM "bhAnucaMdracarita kAvya" nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya racyuM che. e pardazananA jANakAra hatA. emaNe phArasI bhASAne abhyAsa paNa karyo hate. upA. siddhicaMdra bAhu-kRta "kAdaMbarI (uttarArdha) para TIkA, subaMdhu kavinI "vAsavadattA" para TIkA "zebhanastuti TIkA "saptapadAthI TIkA' jinazataka-TIkA" AkhyAtavAda-TIkA" "prAkRta subhASita saMgraha "sUktiratnAkara' "saptasmaraNa-vRtti lekhalikhana-paddhati" "kAvyaprakAzakhaMDana' "saMkSipta kAdaMbarIkathAnaka' vagere aneka graMtha racI ApyA che. * emaNe gujarAtImAM neminAtha cemAsI kAvya ane kAdaMbarI-sAra' (gadyamAM) racela che.

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29) bughala kAla [ . gaNeza devajJa (I.sa. 1614) suryapura(surata)nivAsI bhArAjagotrIya gaNeza daivase jAtakAlaMkAra" nAmano graMtha (zaka saM. 1535-I.sa. 1614) ane kezavArka-racita "vivAhavRMdAvana graMtha upara TIkA racI che. "jAtakAlaMkAra' upara harabhAnu zukle TIkA cAnuM jANavA maLe che. A. vijayasenasUri (I.sa. 1616): A. hIravijayasUriziSya A. vijayasenasUri zAvizArada hatA. e jotAM akabare emane "savAI hIravijaya suri evo AkAba Apyo hato. emaNe "gazAstra" para "saptazatAthI" nAmaka vRtti racI che, jemAM yogazAstranA prathama pAnA 700 artha karI batAvyA che. vaLI emaNe "sUktAvalI nAmane graMtha paNa race che 14 maho. kIrtivijya gaNi (I.sa. 1616) : A hIravijayasUrinA ziSya mahe. kIrtivijayagaNie vidyApura (vijApura)thI saM. 161ra mAM saMskRta padyamAM ilAdurga (IDara)mAM cAturmAsa rahelA A vijyasenasUri upara "vijJaptipatra lakhyo hatA.5 A racanA emanI sAhityika pratibhAnI nidarzaka che. emaNe hariprottara ane vicAraratnAkara' nAmanA graMtha racyA che. sumatiharSa (I.sa. 1617): aMcalagacchIya harSaratnanA ziSya sumatihaSe zrIpatikRta "jAtakakama paddhati" upara saM. 1673 mAM TIkA, saM. 1677mAM haribhadanA tAjikSAra' para TIkA, saM. 1687 mAM bhAskarakRta "karNakutUhala' para gaNakakaumudI nAmanI TIkA vagere graMtha racyA che. cAritrasiMha (I.sa. 1919) : saM. 1675(I.sa. 1919)mAM cAritrasiMha nAmanA jaina munie vyAkaraNa viSayane TIkAgraMtha dhaLakAmAM racyo che. zrIvijyagaNi (I.sa. 1920) : tapA. rAmavijayagaNinA ziSya zrI vijaya gaNie saM. 1676 (I.sa. 1920)thI saM. 1696nA vacagALAmAM raghuvaMza mahAkAvya" upara ane "kumArasaMbhava mahAkAvya'nA sAta sarga upara TIkA ane saM. 1709mAM meghadUtakAvya para TIkA karI che. A jinarAjasUri(I.sa. 1620 lagabhaga) : kharA. A. jinasiMhasUrinA ziSya A. jinarAjasUrie zrIharacita auSadhIya mahAkAvya' upara vistRta vyAkhyA racI che. A AcAryane samaya saM. 1676 thI 1699 gaNAya che.

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bhASA ane sAhitya (297 muni sAdhusuMdara gaNi (I.sa. 1924) : khara. pAThaka sAdhukAtinA ziSya muni sAdhusuMdaragaNie saM. 1680 (I.sa. 1624)nI AsapAsa 1. dhAturatnAkara, 2. "zabdaratnAkara' ane 3. "uktiratnAkara' tathA saM, 1683 mAM pArzvanAthastuti racI che. muni udayakIti (I.sa. 1925) : vimalakIti nAmanA jaina munie pANininA aSTAdhyAyI vyAkaraNa anusAra saMskRta dhAtuonAM pada jANavA mATe padavyavasthA-kArikA nAmathI sUtrane kArikAomAM utAryA che. enA upara kharakharaga2chIya muni sAdhusuMdaranA ziSya muni udayakIrtie saM. 1681(I.sa. 1625)mAM TIkAgraMthanI racanA karI che. 5. jJAnapradagaNi (I.sa. 1925) : kharatagacchIya ratnadhIranA ziSya 5. jJAnapradagaNie saM. 1681 (I.sa. 1925) mAM "vAbhadAlaMkAra nAmanA alaMkAraviSayaka graMtha para TIkA racI che.. - muni bhAvavijya (I.sa. 1933) : tapA. munivimalanA ziSya munibhAvavijaye saM. 1689 I.sa. 1633) mAM hiNapuramAM "uttarAdhyayanasUtra' para vRtti, saM. 1668 mAM "SatrizajajalpavicAra ane saM. 1708 mAM vIjApuramAM caMpakamAlA' nAmaka kathAgraMtha racyA che. - mahe. vinayavijaya (I.sa. 1938 ke 1641) : tapA. hIravijayasUrinA ziSya mahApA. vinayavijaye amadAvAdathI najIka AvelA dArapura (bArejA) gAmathI saM. 1694 ke saM. 1697 mAM bhinna bhinna chaMdamAM keTalAMka citrakAvyothI vibhUSita (1) citra camatkAra, (2) alaMkAra camatkAra, (3) udaMta vyAvarNana, (4) zeSacitra camatkAra ane (5) daSTAMta camatkAra e zIrSakathI khaMbhAtamAM rahelA A vijayAnaMdasUrine udezI "AnaMdalekha" nAmaka "vijJapti-patra lakhyo che. vaLI "kalpasUtra' upara "subedhikA" nAmanI vRtti saM. 1696 mAM, dIvamAM nayaviSayaka dArzanika graMtha, saM. 1708 mAM prakAza' nAme padyabaddha graMtha, saM. 1710 mAM rAdhanapuramAM hemalaghuprakriyA ane saM. 1717 mAM enA para hemaprakAza' nAme pajJa vRtti racI. suratathI saM. 1718 mAM "meghadUta" saMdezakAvyanA chAyA-kAvyarUpa thaIdUta' nAmathI mAravADanA jodhapuramAM cAtumasa rahelA gacchanAyaka A vijayaprabhasUrine vijJaptipatra lakhyo che. 17

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[ s ra98; mula kAle devapattana (prabhAsaprATaNathI) saM. 17ra3 mAM aNahilapura pATaNamAM cAtu masa rahelA A. vijayadevasUrine dhanateraze emaNe vijJaptipatra' (pUrvAdha prAkRtamAM ane uttarAdha saMskRtamAM) lakhe che. 18 ' saM. 1723 mAM gaMdhAramAM semabhAvanA" para dezI DhALomAM "zAMtasudhArasa geya kAvya racyuM che. saM. 1731 mAM "ahaMnnamaskAra tetra" ane nisahastranAma stotra racyAM che. bhAvavijayagaNie racelA "patrizajajalpanI saMzoparUpe emaNe "pasviMzajalpa' saMskRtamAM racyo che. vijayasiMhasUri (I.sa. 1643) : A. vijayasiMhasUrie auraMgAbAdamAM cAturmAsa rahelA A. vijayasUri upara saM. 1699(I.sa. 1643) mAM eka vijJaptipatra" lakhelo 19 emaNe "zrIpAlacarita' paNa raceluM." muni udayavijaya (I.sa. 1643): tapA. A. vijayasiMharinA ziSya udayavijaye saM. 1718mAM khaMbhAtathI zrIpura baMdaramAM rahelA A. vijyaprabha sUrine vijJaptipatra ane dvIpa(dIva) baMdaramAM birAjatA A. vijayaprabhasUrine vizastipatra lakhyo che. vaLI emaNe siddhapurathI jIrNajanAgaDha) mAM cAturmAsa nirgamana karatA A. jinaprabhasUrine vijJaptipatra' lakhyo che. 22 emaNe gujarAtI bhASAmAM saM. 1728 mAM zrIpAlarAsa'nI racanA karI, dhanavijayagaNi (I.sa. 1643) : tapA. upA. kalyANavijayagaNinA ziSya dhanavijayagaNie saM. 1699(I.sa. 1643) mAM rAjanagaranI pAse AvelA usmAnapurAmAM dharmopadezaleza yAne "AbhAkazataka nAme kAvya ane "adhyAtmakalpaduma' upara 'adhirohaNI' nAme TIkA racela che. - vinayavardhanagaNi (I.sa. 1647) : 5 vijyavardhanagaNie A. vijayasiMhasUri upara saM. 1703mAM 3 ane vidi gAmathI A. vijayasiMhasUri upara saM. 1704 mAM 24 vaLI kharataragacchIya A. jinasukhasUri upara saM. 1711 mAM pa ane saM. 1713 mAM vidhipura gAmathI suratamAM birAjatA A. vijayadevasUri upara vijJaptipatra lakhyo che.' upA. dhanavijayagaNi (I.sa. 1548) : siMhavijayanA ziSyANa upA. dhanavijyagaNie saM. 1704(I.sa. 1648) mAM rAjapurathI suratamAM cAturmAsa gALI rahelA A. vijayadevasUrine vijJaptipatra lakhyo che. AmAM surata tathA rAjapuranuM suMdara varNana karyuM che. 27

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bhASA ane sAhitya [299 muni rAmavijaya (I.sa. 1751) : kharataragacchIya muni dayAsiMhanA ziSya muni rUpacaMdra, rAmapara nAma rAmavijaye gautamIya mahAkAvyanI racanA karI. enA upara saM. 17para mAM kaI amRtagaNie TIkA racI. upA. zAMtisAgara (I.sa. 1651) : tapA. mRtasAgaranA ziSya upA. zAMtisAgare saM. 1707 (I.sa. 1651) mAM pATaNamAM ka9pasUtra' upara kaumudI' nAmanI vRtti racI. lAvaNyavijayagaNi (I.sa. 16pa3) : 5. lAvaNyavijaye jodhapurathI saM. 1709 (I.sa. 1653) mAM rAjanagara (amadAvAda)mAM virAjamAna A. vijayasiMhasUri upara8 ane saM. 1747mAM pATaNamAM sthita A. vijaya prabhasUri upara29 vijJapti patra lakhyA che. paM. amaracaMdramaNi (I.sa. 1653) : 5. amaracaMdragaNie devakapattanathI saM. 1709 (I.sa 16pa3) mAM pattananagaramAM cAturmAsa nimite rahelA A. vijayasiMhari upara vijJaptipatra' lakhe." paM. kamalaviyagaNi (I.sa. 1653) : 5. kamalavijayagaNie staMbha tIrtha (khaMbhAta)thI saM. 1709 (I.sa. 1653)mAM pATaNamAM birAjatA A. vijayasiMhasUrine vijJaptipatra lakhyo muni hastiruci (I.sa. 1654) : muni hitarucinA ziSya muni hastisUcie "vaighavallabha' nAmaka AyurvedanA graMthanI racanA saM. 1710 (I.sa. 1654) lagabhagamAM karI che. maha. yazavijayagaNi (I.sa 16 55 laga) : gujarAtamAM pATaNa pAse AvelA kaheDu gAmanA vatanI zeTha nArAyaNa ane emanI patni saubhAgyadevIthI savaMta nAme putra saM. 1680 mAM thayA. e dIkSA laI yazovijya thayA. saMghanA agraNI zeTha dhanajI sUrAe guru nayavijayajIne vinaMtIpUrvaka preraNuM karatAM teo yazovijayajIne sAthe laI kAzI gayA. tyAM traNa varSa rahI darzanazAstra nanyAya vagere zAstrone abhyAsa karyo. emaNe "nyAyavizArada' ane ane "nyAyAcAryanI upAdhi meLavI.33 emaNe saMskRta prAkRtamAM 80 jeTalA graMtha racyA che, temAMthI 54 jeTalA graMtha maLI Ave che. keTalAka graMthonAM nAma maLe che, paNa hajI prApta thayA nathI. gujarAtImAM 61 jeTalI racanA prApta karI che.

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300]. mughala kAla ema kahI zakAya ke A haribhadrasUrine bAda karatAM kAI jainAcArye ATalI vizALa saMkhyAmAM graMtha racyA heya evuM jANavAmAM nathI. adhyAtmaparIkSA (prAkRtamAM) paNa TIkA sAthe, "adhyAtmasAra" adhyAtmapaniSada devadharma parIkSA graMtha gurutatvavinizcaya" (prAkRtamAM) ane enI paNa TIkA, dvAnniza kArnAizikA' jayatilakSaNasamuccaya" (prAtamAM), "jJAnasAra", "pratimAzataka" graMtha ane enA paranI paNa moTI TIkA, paMcanigraMthI prakaraNa" "anekAMta vyavasthA' nAme dArzanika graMtha jenatakabhASA nayarahasya', "nayapradIpa', "napadeza para TIkA sAthe, "jJAnabiMdu', nyAyakhaMDanakhAdya" (mULa nAma "mahAvIratava prakaraNa) nanyAyane, "nyAyAleka' aindrastuti "upadezarahasya' "ArAdhaka-virAdhaka caturbhagI Adijinastavana "tatvavikI tiDanvayekti' dhamaparIkSA" "jJAnArNava" "nizAbhAvicAra" vagere 43 mUla kRtio uparAMta- "aSTasahastrI vivaraNa karyaprakRti-bRhadIkA" "kamaprakRti-laghuTIkA' tatvArtha vRtti" (saMpUrNa) "dvAdazAracakroddhAra-vivaraNa" "dharmasaMgraha-TippaNa" "pAta jala yegasUtra-vRtti, yogaviMzikA-vivira" "zAstravArtasamuccaya-vRtti SaDazaka vRtti stavaparIkSA paddhati" "adhyAtmabiMdu "adhyAtmapadeza" "alaMkAracUDAmaNi-TIkA vagere aneka TIkAgraMtha jANavA maLe che. A graMthasUci uparathI jANI zakAya che ke upA. yazovijayajI saMskRta ane prAkRta bhASAnA prakAMDa paMDita hatA ane te te viSayanA ucca keTinA abhyAsI hatA. e ja rIte emaNe gujarAtI bhASAmAM anekAneka racanA karI che. mahAkavi meghavijya upAdhyAya (I.sa. 1657) : tapa muni kRpA vijayanA ziSya mahe. meghavijyagaNie 40 jeTalA graMthanuM sarjana karyuM che. samasyApUtikAvyamAM emaNe mAghakAvya "meghadUta' naiSadha kirAta' vagere kAvyonI samasyA pUrtirUpa kAvyakRtio racI pitAnuM addabhuta kavikauzala batAvyuM che. e ja rIte kavi kAlidAsanA meghadUta' kAvyanA pratyeka kane chelle pAda laI traNa pAda pite racIne "meghadUtasamasyalekha nAmanuM saMdeza-kAvyA vijJaptipatra' rUpe saM. 1730 mAM racyuM che.

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bhASA ane sAhitya [301 e rIte "kirAta" ane "naiSadhanAM caraNa laIne paNa kAvya racyAM che. 'citrakAvya-citrakAza' nAmane citrakAvyarUpa vijJaptipatra", "pANiniyAmaya zipa eka vizAkhapatra', "digvijaya mahAkAvya (svapajJa TippaNa sAthe) vagere 35 racanA vividha viSayo upara karI ApI che.34 A uparAMta gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa sAteka nAnI racanA ApI che. - paM. ravivardhanagaNi (I.sa. 1657) : 5. savivardhanagaNie saM. 1713 (I.sa. 1657) mAM rAjanagara amadAvAdamAM sthita A. vijayadeva-surine vijJaptipatra lakhyo che 35 A. vijayaprabhasUri (I.sa. 1659) : A. vijayaprabhasUrie eka mitra sAdhu upara saMskRtamAM padya-gAya suMdara "patra' saM. 1715 (I.sa. 1659) mAM lakhyo che. paM. nayavijayagaNi (I.sa. 1666) : paM. nayavijayagaNie ghanaghoghA) nagarathI saM. 1717 (I.sa. 1661) mAM jUnAgaDhamAM rahelA A. vijayaprabhasuri upara vijJapti patra lakhyo che.' mahAdeva (I.sa. 1662) : kacchanA pATanagara bhUjanA rahIza kAnajInA putra mahAdeve zaka saM. 1583 (I.sa. 1662) mAM "muhUrtadIpaka' paNa TIkA sAthe ane "kAlanirNayasiddhAMta" racela che. bIjA graMtha paNa jANavA maLe che. muni yazasvasAgara (I.sa. 1665) : muni yazasvasAgara urphe jasavaMtasAgare Agama darzana ane jyotiSa viSayamAM graMtha racyA che. saM. 1721 (saM. 1712 ?) mAM "vicAratrizikA-avacUri', saM. 174mAM bhAvasaptatikA, saM. 1757 mAM jainasaptapadAthI, saM. 1750 mA "pramANavAdArtha (saMgrAmapuramAM rAjA siMhanA rAjyamAM), saM. 1760mAM gaNeza daivajJakRta "prahalAghava gratha para vArtika, saM. 1762 mAM janmakuMDalIviSayaka thazerAjI paddhati, ratnAkarAvatArikA-paMjikAmAMthI javAdArthanirUpaNa", "syAdvAdamuktAvalI" "stavaratna" Adi graMthanI racanA karI che. muni mAhamadayavijaya (I sa. 1665) : muni labdhivijayanA ziSya mahimadhyavijaye "janmapatrI-paddhatinI racanA saM. 172 (I.sa. 1665) mAM karI che. emaNe "jyotiSaratnAkara' (vi.saM. 1722 lagabhagamAM) uparAMta gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa keTalIka racanA ApI che.

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302] mughala kAla (ga. pa' rAjavijayagaNi (Isa. 1671) : 5, rAjavijrayaNue kharataragacchanA A. jinacaMdrasUri upara sa 1727 (I sa. 1671) mAM 'vijJapti-patra' lakhyA che. 37 mAnavijayagaNi (I.sa. 1675) : zAMtivijayagaNunA ziSya mAnavijayae sa. 1731 (I.sa. 165) mAM zrAvakonA kabya vizenA dharma saMgraha' nAme graMtha (svApanna TIkA sAthe) amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha zAMtidAsanI vinatIthI racyA. muni meruvijaya (I.sa. 1685 : muni meruvijaye devakapattanathI sa. 1741 (I.sa. 1985) mAM dvIpa aMdaramAM virAjatA potAnA guru (sastaMbhavata: vijayaprabhasUri) upar vijJaptipatra' lakhyA che. 38 sabhavata: A meruvijaye 'caturvizatijinAnaMda stuti' racI che. meruvijye 'vastupAla-tejapAla rAsa' nAmaka gujarAtI kRti racyAnuM paNa jANavA maLe che. gaNapati (I.sa. 1686) : bhAradrAja gAtrIya audIcya brAhmaNa rAvala yazeAdharanA putra gaNapatie aura gajhebane rAjyapAlamAM sa. 1742 (I.sa. 1686) mAM mukta viSayaka 'mudbhUta gaNapati' nAmanA graMtha racyA che. eNe dharmazAstranA paNa keTalAka graMtha racyA che. 5. lAvijayagaNi (I.sa. 1687) : 5. kalyANavijayagaNinA ziSya 5. lAvijayaNie devAsathI saM. 1743(I.sa. 1987)mAM pATaNamAM virAjatA A. 'vijayaprabhasUri'upara vijJapti-patra lakhyA che.39 5. gamasudaragaNi: (I.sa. 1691) : 5 AgamasuMdaragaNue mAlapurathI sa'. 1747 (I.sa. 1691) mAM chaMduga-jUnAgaDhamAM rahelA A. vijayaprabhasUri upara 'vijJaptipatra' lakhyA che.40 muni dAnavijaya (I.sa. 1694) : tapA. A, zrI, vijayarAjasUrinA ziSya muni dAnavijaye peAtAnA ziSya darzanavijya mATe 'posavA-kalpa' upara 'dInadIpikA' nAmanI vRtti saM. 1950 (I.sa. 1695) mAM racelI che. vaLI emaNe gujarAtamAM prasiddhi pAmelA zekha temiyAMnA putra khaDemiyAM mATe sa. 1770 lagabhagamAM 'zabdabhUSaNa' nAmaka saMskRta vyAkaraNa graMthanI racanA padyamAM karI che.

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9 mu) bhASA ane sAhitya [303 - labdhicaMdragaNi (I.sa. 1695) : khara. muni kalyANanidhAnanA ziSya ladhicaMdragaNie saM. 1751(I.sa 1795)mAM "janmapatrI paddhati ane lAlacaMdrI paddhati' racela che. sumati vijaya (I.sa. 17 mI sadInA uttarArdha) : kharataragacchanA vinaya menA ziSya sumativijaye "raghuvaMza kAvya upara ane medhadUta kAvya" upara TIkAo racI che. vizvanAtha (I.sa 17 mo saika) : vizvanAtha nAmanA vidvAne pAraskaragRhyasUtra' upara bhASya racyuM che. A graMthanI gepAlakelicaMdrikAnA kartA rAmakRSNa devajIe prazasti racI che. kavi jagannAtha (I.sa. 17 me rasake) : AnaMdapuranivAsI praznorA kavi jagannAthe "bhAgyamahodaya' nAmaka graMtha racyo che, temAM te emaNe judA judA alaMkArane pAtra kalpI bhAvanagaranareza vakhatasiMha tathA enI sabhAnuM varNana karyuM che. gepAla (I.sa. 1707) : nAgara brAhmaNa nIlakaMThanA putra gopAle vyAkaraNaviSayaka "kAtaMtravizvamasUtra-TIkA' nAme TIkAgraMtha saM. 1763 (I.sa. 1707) mAM racyo che. muni dayAsiMha (I.sa. 1715) : munidayAsiMhe rUpAvAsa saM. 1771 (I.sa. 1715) lagabhaga jesalameramAM sthita A. jinasukhasUri upara vijJaptipatra lakhyo che. A patrano aMtabhAga truTita che. haMsaratna (I.sa. 1725-26) : nAgapurIya tapA. nyAyaratnanA ziSya paMDita haMsarane "zatruMjayamAhollekha sugama saMskRtamAM mukhyatve gadyamAM racyo che. vAghacha muni (I.sa. 1727) : pArdhacaMdra gacchanA muni vAghajIe tithisAraNI' nAmane jyotiSa-graMtha saM. 1783 (I.sa. 177)mAM racyo che. AmAM paMcAMga banAvavAnI prakriyA batAvI che.43 hasa mIThuM (I.sa. 1738) : mahIkAMThAmAM AvelA mahisA gAmanA vatanI meDha brAhmaNa kRpArAma zukalanA putra haMsa mIThuM (janma vi.saM. 1794 I.sa. 1738) e saMskRta ane gujarAtImAM nAnA-meTA keTalAka maMtraviSayaka abhuta graMtha racyA che. vaLI emaNe strItvama "bhaktiraMgiNI' zakti "zakita yA vilAsalaharI' ane keTalAMka stotra paNa racelAM che.

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304] zughala kAla [pra. (A) gujarAtI sAhityanA yuganI daSTie AdibhakitanA anusaMdhAnamAM sAhitya - prakAranI mukhyatAne kAraNe jainetara sAhityakAroe "AkhyAnayuga" mAM AkhyAnaracanAono pravAha ThIka ThIka pramANamAM vahAvavA mAMDyo hate. I.sa. 1574 thI zarU thatA rAjakIya mughala-sattAkAlamAM e pravAha satata cAlu hate. mukhya prakAra AkhyAnono hovA chatAM bIjA prakAra paNa kheDAye jatA hatA. ahIM prathama A aneka sAhitya prakAranuM kheDANa karanArA jainetara sAhityakAronuM avakana karIe, viSNudAsa (khaMbhAtanA) (I.sa 1567-1612 mAM hayAta) : makarakulanA nAgara brAhmaNa viSNudAse "zAMti-"anuzAsana'-AzramavAsika sivAyanAM "mahAbhArata'nAM 15 varSa saLaMga AkhyAnabaMdhamAM racyA uparAMta "rAmAyaNuM lakSmaNaharaNa" "kuMvarabAInuM mesALuM "zukadevAkhyAna", "jaiminIya azvameghane AdhAre 11 jeTalAM AkhyAna, rukamAMgada AkhyAna" "aMbariSAkhyAna "harizcaMdrapurI" ema 38 kRti racI ApI che. enA nAme bIjI paNa racanAo kahevAmAM AvI che, paNa ene mATe pramANene abhAva che. eNe mULa saMskRta kathAnakone prAmANika rIte anusaravAno prayatna karyo che. vacharAja (I.sa. 1579mAM hayAta) : enI ekamAtra laukika kathA "rasamaMjarI chapAI che. chappAomAM enI vizeSatA che. gopAladAsa vaNika (I.sa. 1577-1592 mAM hayAta) : zuddhAta puSTimArganA puraskAra zrIvallabhAcAryajI ane emanA putra zrI viThThalanAthajIne lagatI bhaktibhAvapUrNa ItihAsamUlaka "vallabhAkhyAna" nAmanI AkhyAnAtmaka ekamAtra enI kRti jANavAmAM AvI che. amadAvAdanA asAravAnA AcAryajInI beThakanA sthAnamAM eNe A racanA karela che. e kalela najIkanA rUpAlano veSNava hato. | lIle (I.sa. 1508 mAM hayAta) : enI ekamAtra racanA "suMdara zeThanI kathA' (amudrita) nAmanI laukika kathA jANavAmAM AvI che. ' megala (I.sa. 1581 mAM hayAta) : nAnAM paNa madhura AkhyAna ApanArA megalanI "dhruvAkhyAna" ane "nAsiketAkhyAna" e be racanA sulabha che haridAsa vALaMda (I.sa. 16-17 mI sadInI saMdhi) : e khaMbhAtane vatanI hatuM ane enuM ekamAtra "dhruvAkhyAna jANavAmAM AvyuM che.

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su' ] bhASA ane sAhitya [ 305 lakSmIdAsa (I.sa. 1583-1616 mAM hayAta) : mahemadAvAdanA vAlama jJAtinA lakSmIdAsanI 'gaje dramAkSa' 'caMdrahAsa-AkhyAna' ane 'dazamaskadegdha (sakSepamAM) e traNa kRti jANavAmAM AvI che. bhAlaNanA 'dazamaskaMdha'mAM 'rAsapa'cAdhyAyI nathI tyAM hAyapratAmAM ane tethI mudraNamAM A lakSmIdAsanI mUkavAmAM AvI che. haridAsa raikava (I.sa. 1588-1591 mAM hayAta) : amadAvAda najIkanA bArejAnA rAyakavALa brAhmaNa haridAsanI ekamAtra racanA-'Adiparva' (mudrita) jANavAmAM AvI che. e AkhyAnapaddhatinI madhura racanA che. kAzImuta zaidhajI (I.sa, 1591-92 mAM hayAta ) : khaMbhAtanA aMdhArA jJAtinA A AkhyAnakAranI 'sabhApava' 'virATaparva" 'rumiNIharaNa' 'hanumAnacaritra' 'aMbarISakathA' ane 'pradlAdAkhyAna' jANavAmAM AvyAM che. enAM AkhyAne mAM kavitvanA jhabakArA jovA maLe che. rAmadAsasuta (I.sa. 1593 mAM haiyAta) : AkhyAna kAvyAmAM bhAta pADatI enI ekamAtra racanA 'aMbarISAkhyAna' (aprakAzita) jANavAmAM AvI che. e eNe na`dAkAMThe bharUcamAM racelI, : hIrAbhuta kAhAna ( I.sa. 16 mI sadInA uttarArdha ) : amadAvAdanA rANIpa gAmamAM AvI vaselA umareThanA audIcya brAhmaNu hIrAnA putra kAhAnanI e gujarAtI racanA maLe te 'okhAharaNa' ane 'ekAdazIbhAhAtmya'. A kAhAne bhAgavatanA saM. dazamaskaMdhanI kathA eTalA ja 90 adhyAyAmAM saMskRtazlokabaddha racelI amadAvAdanI gu. vi. sabhAnA hastalikhita pustakAlayamAM che. 'azvamedhAkhyAna' geAvadhanarAsa' 'hiMgulAma traritra' hAlA--hAlInuM AkhyAna' 'AgAnuM pada' 'kuMDaliyA' 'kRSNajanma vadhAI" 'rAsanuM dhALa'-A kRtie kAhAnanI chApanI maLe che, paNa e A kAhAnanI ja che evuM kahevA pramANu nathI. dhanarAja (I.sa. 16 mI sadIneA uttarA`) : A svataMtra jJAnamArgIya uttama pakAra che. hajI pa6 chapAyAM nathI. saMta ( I.sa. 16 mI sadInA uttarArdha) : A AkhyAnakAranuM samagra bhAgavata gujarAtImAM jANavAmAM AvyuM che (aprakAzita). e kAI nAgara brAhmaNa hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. phUMDha (I.sa 1596 -1627 mAM hayAta) e navasArI jillAnA rUpAne anAvaLA brAhmaNa hatA. enAM 'miNIharaNa' kapAtanuM AkhyAna ' * pAMDava 4-6-20

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mughala kAla [ . viSTi" ane "harizcaMdrAkhyAna'e AkhyAne uparAMta "zRMgAlapurI" mathALe celaiyAnI laukika kathA paNa maLe che. enuM caMdrAvaLAomAM raceluM "kaMsavadha" paNa jANavAmAM AvyuM che. . devIdAsa gAMdharva (I.sa. 1904 mAM hayAta) : kheDA jillAmAM peTalAda pAse AvelA sejitrAnA e gAMdharvanI namUnedAra AkhyAnakRti "kRmiNIharaNa (prakAzita) jANavAmAM AvI che. manaharadAsa (I.sa. 1904 mAM hayAta): 'mahAbhAratanuM ekamAtra Adiparva" eNe AkhyAnadhAe ApyuM che. rAmabhakta (I.sa. 1604 mAM hayAta) : eNe bhagavadgItAne adhyAyavAra sAra padyabaMdhamAM Ape che. A uparAMta "aMbarISa-AkhyAna" " kapilamuninuM AkhyAna" "bhAgavata ekAdaza skaMdha" ane "yogavAsiSTha" paNa jANavAmAM AvyAM che. zivadAsa (I.sa. 1611-1621 mAM hayAta) : viSNudAsa khaMbhAtavALAnI jema A khaMbhAtane nAgara brAhmaNa che ane parazurAmanuM AkhyAna "kRSNa bAlacaritra' jAlaMdhara-AkhyAna' ekAdazI mAhAsya" "hAMgavAkhyAnI draupadIsvayaMvara'(vijApuramAM) "narakAsuranuM AkhyAna' mausalaparva" "caMDInuM AkhyAna 'sabhAparva" ziva vivAha'--e AkhyAna uparAMta kAmAvatInI vArtA" ane "haMsA-cArakhaMDI e be laukika padyavArtA paNa eNe Apela che. bhUdhara (I.sa. 1919 mAM hayAta) khaMbhAtanA A auduMbara brAhmaNanuM ekamAtra jAlaMdhara AkhyAna' jANavAmAM AvyuM che. kRSNadAsa (I.sa. 1917-1645 mAM hayAta): A nAmanA ekathI vadhu sAhityakAra thaI gayA che. kAI jAdavasuta kRSNanuM "rUphamAMgada AkhyAna' (I.sa. 1645), goviMdadAsanA ziSya kRSNadAsanuM "caMdrahAsAkhyAna' (I.sa. 1628), eka kRSNadAsanAM "mAmeruM" ane "hUMDI' (I.sa. 1645 ane 1647), zivadAsasuta kRSNanuM "sudAmAcarita' (cAMpAnera), pUjAsuta kRSNadAsanI pAMDavagItA', te eka kRSNadAsane vrajabhASAnI chAMTane rUkmiNIvivAha" paNa maLe che. bhAu (Isa. 16ra016ra3 mAM hayAta) : azvamedhaparva droNaparva "udyogaparva ane svataMtra "pAMDavaviSTi eka bhAunAM maLe che. goviMda (I.sa. 1924mAM hayAta) : AnuM mAmeruM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. koI geviMdanuM "ekAdazImAhAya" (I.sa. 1924), koI geviMdanA "sUrajadevanA

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muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [307 Ida ane bAra mAsa', koI goviMdarAmanAM rUphamiNI-vivAha ane subhadrAharaNa', kaI gAviMdadAsanAM nAgadamanI" ane "rAdhAharaNanAM pada paNa maLe che. bhagavAnadAsa kAyastha (I.sa. 1925-1690) suratane bhagavAnadAsa kiMvA bhAu mULajI puSTimArgIya vaiSNava hato. enAM "bhagavaddagItA" "bhAgavataekAdazaskaMdha phUlagItA ane sudAmAcaritra' (cAre vrajabhASAnI chAMTanAM) jANavAmAM AvyAM che. kezavadAsa (I.sa. 1927mAM hayAta) : enuM azvamedhAMtargata "bakadAbhya AkhyAna jANavAmAM AvyuM che. avicaladAsa (I.sa. 1624-1643 mAM hayAta) : naDiyAdanA AdhaMtara sAThodarA viSNudAsanA putra avicaladAsanAM 'bhAgavata-SaSThaskaMdha' ane "AraNyaka parva' e be saLaMga AkhyAna jANavAmAM AvyAM che. madhusUdana (I.sa. 16 31 mAM hayAta) : bhAlaNa-suta uddhavanA nAme chapAyelA rAmAyaNanA "yuddhakAMDanA aMtabhAgamAM koI karNapuranA madhusUdana nAmanA brAhmaNanI racanAnI chele ghAlamela thayelI che. rANasuta (I.sa. 1931 mAM hayAta)H enuM ekamAtra "ahirAvaNanuM AkhyAna" maLyuM che. harajI-suta ravAjI (I.sa. 1633 mAM hayAta) : enuM ekamAtra "udhogaparva" maLyuM che. paramANaMda (I.sa. 1633 mAM hayAta) : bhAgavatanA dazamaskaMdha ane ekAdazakaMdhane AdhAre dIvanA brahmakSatriya pUjAsuta paramANuMdane "harirasa" jANavAmAM Avyo che. harajI-suta kAhAna (I.sa. 1637-1639mAM hayAta); enAM "azvamedhaparva (mudrita) ane "caMdrahAsa-AkhyAna maLe che. vaikuTha (I.sa. 16 38-1668 mAM hayAta)H pitA tulasInA nAme chapAyeluM dhruvAkhyAna' racI ApanArA A kutiyANAnA sArasvata brAhmaNe "udyogaparva' "bhISmaparva" "karNa parva" "zalya parva" "nAsiketanuM AkhyAna" ane "nalakathA racela che. harirAma (I.sa. 1640 mAM hayAta) : suratanA mANabhaTTa harirAmanI bannavAhana AkhyAna "kRSNavirahanAM pada "sItAsvayaMvara " ane " rUphamiNIharaNa-A racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che.

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308] mughala kAla || i. peThe (I.sa. 17 mI sadInA pUrvArdha) : enAM moradhvaja-AkhyAna' ane sudhanvAkhyAna maLe che. * murAri (I.sa. 16 mI-17 mI sadInA madhyabhAga) : enuM "IzvaravivAha' nAmanuM AkhyAna keTinuM sAruM kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. nArAyaNa (I.sa. 16 mI-17 mI sadInA madhyabhAga): enI "navarasa'nI eka suMdara kAvyaracanA prakAzita thayelI che. gopAla bhaTTa (I.sa. 17mI sadInA pUrvArdha) ene "bhASAvicitra" nAmane akSarameLa vRttomAM lakhAyelA graMtha hevAnuM emAMnA prasiddha thayelA "strIzikSaNa prakaraNathI jANavAmAM AvyuM che. phAMga (I.sa. 17 mI sadIne pUrvArdha) enuM "he saddhara" nAme ekamAtra kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. pica (I.sa. 17mI sadIne pUrvArdha) : pUjAsuta picAnI ekamAtra racanA kuMDalAharaNa" jANavAmAM Avela che dhanadAsa (I.sa. 16pa0 lagabhaga hayAta) : "arjunegItA' zIrSakathI dhanadAsanI paghagItA khUba jANItI che. narasiMha navala-(I.sa. 1650 AsapAsa) : enuM ekamAtra "okhAharaNa" jANavAmAM AvyuM che. bhagavAna vaiSNava (I.sa. 17mI sadIne pUrvArdha) : "gekulanI zobhA' nAmanuM ekamAtra suMdara dhaLa A puSTimArgIya vaiSNavanuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. A eka itihAsa-mUlaka kAvya che, jemAM zrI vallabhAcAryajInA putra zrIviThThalanAthajInA keTalAka vaMzajone nAmollekha thayele che. haridAsa vaiSNava (I.sa. 17mI sadIne pUrvadha) : zrI viThThalanAthajInA 4 thA kumAra zrI gokulanAthajInA anuyAyI A nAthAsuta haridAsanAM virahagItA" "anubhavAnaMda' "bhaktasukhadamaMjarI' "janmalIlA" tema chUTakaLe tathAkIrtane maLyAM che. kezavadAsa vaiSNava (I.sa. 1677 mAM hayAta) : enI "vallabhavela" nAmanI racanA ItihAsamUlaka kAvya che, jemAM zrI vallabhAcArya, emanA putrazrI viThThalanAthajI ane emanA cothA putra zrI gokulanAthajI uphe zrIvallabhanI caritrasAmagrI nirUpita thaI che. bhinna bhinna prasaMgonI sAlavArI upayogI che. eka "mathurAlIlA" DAhyamapurInA devajIsuta kezavadAsanI maLe che te kadAca A kezavadAsa hoya.

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bhASA ane sAhitya mahAvadAsa (I.sa. 17mI sadIne pUrvArdha) : zrI gokulanAthajInA anuyAyIomAMne mAhAvadAsa gokulanAthane vivAha "rasasiMdhu ane rasAlayae traNa racanA Ape che. gujarAtanA A vaNika vaiSNavane pachI nivAsa mathurA najIka gokulamAM hato. narahari (I.sa. 1616-1644 mAM hayAta)-enuM ekamAtra "hastAmalaka" kAvya jANavAmAM AvyuM che. e vaDodarAno rahIza hato. A uparAMta " jJAnagItA" "vAsikasAragItA" "bhagavaddagItA" "prabodhamaMjarI" "AnaMdarAsa gopI- uddhava saMvAda' kakko' 'bhaktamaMjarI' "mA" "sa tanAM lakSaNa" "harilIlAmRta paNa maLe che. e samayanA cAra jJAnI kaviomAMne eka hato. bIjA te bUTiyo akho ane gopAla. gopAla (I. sa. 1649 mAM hayAta) : amadAvAdanI pharamAnavADImAM AvI vasele A gopAla nAMdelano vatanI ane khImajI nAraNadAsane putra jAte aDAlajo moDha ha. enAM jJAnaprakAza gopAlagItA" (I.sa. 1649) jANatAM che, uparAMta hajI saMkhyAbaMdha jJAnamUlaka pada aprasiddha che. bUdiye (I.sa. 17mI sadInA uttarArdha) cAra jJAnI kaviomAMnA A bUTiyAnAM mAtra bAra pada jANavAmAM AvyAM che. akho (I.sa. 1649mAM hayAta) : gujarAte meLavelA ceDA ja jJAnI kaviomAM pitAnI AgavI kathanazailIthI ucca sthAna dharAvato A akhe jAte senI hato. amadAvAda najIkanA jetalapurane mULa vatanI, pachIthI amadAvAdamAM AvI vasyo hato ane zAhI TaMkazALano adhikArI banyo hato. viraktA svabhAvanA A jJAnI kavie 'akhegItA' kevalyagItA "guruziSyasaMvAda' "paMcIkaraNa" "brahmalIlA" "saMtapriyA e khaMDakAvyo uparAMta kavitta, chappA, copadI sAkhIo, bhAsa, vAra, viSNupada, dhurya, dUhA-parajiyA ane seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM padonI paNa racanA karI che. ene chapA enA samAjadarzanane suMdara citAra Ape che. sUrabhaka (I.sa. 1648 mAM hayAta) : enuM ekamAtra AkhyAna "svargArohaNI jANavAmAM AvyuM che. e kalelane rAyakavALa brAhmaNa hato. merA-suta geviMda (I.sa. 1649 mAM hayAta) : enuM ekamAtra AkhyAna sudhanvA-AkhyAna maLyuM che. e suratane vatanI ane jJAtie kaMsAra hato. mAdhavadAsa (I.sa. 1649 mAM hayAta) : suratano vahemIka kAyastha. A kavi enAM dazamaskaMdha" ane "Adiparva'thI jANavAmAM Avyo che.

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310] sughala kAla bhANadAsa (I.sa. 1650-1651 mAM hayAta) : gujarAtI sAhityamAM vyApaka rIte 'garabA' sAhityanI racanA karanAra bhANadAsanA prakINu` 71 jeTalA garabAo uparAMta 'pratlAdAkhyAna' ajagara-avadhUta sa MvAda' 'nRsiMhajInI hamacI bAramAsa' 'hanumAnanI hamacI' ane prakINa pado jANavAmAM AvyAM che. mAdhava (I.sa. 1650 mAM hayAta) : rUpasuMdarakathA'zIka akSarameLa 192 leAkeAmAM A mAdhave eka laukika kathA sAMkaLI lIdhI che. e jJAtie audIcya brAhmaNa hatA ane sa MskRta paddhatinA kAvyaprakAranA jJAtA hatA. enI rasanI jamAvaTa Aka che. [ 3. vizvanAtha jAnI (I.sa. 16para mAM hayAta) : pATaNanA vatanI A vizvanAtha jAnI premAnaMdanA bAhyakAlamAM mahattvanA AkhyAnakAra hatA. enu 'mAsALAcaritra' (narasiMha mahetAnI putrInuM mAmeruM) enA sAre| namUnA che. A uparAMta 'premapacIsI' ane 'sagALacaritra' enAM che. janatApI kivA tApIdAsa (I.sa. 16para mAM hayAta)-- dhArA jJAtinA A tApIdAsanI 'abhimanyu AkhyAna' premAnaMdanA 'abhimanyu AkhyAna'nI pUrve racAyelI racanA che. e bharUca najIkanA hariyAdanA vatanI hatA. , draupadIharaNa ratanajI (I.sa. 1957 mAM hayAta) 'vizva zIrAjAnuM AkhyAna' racanArA ratanajI khAnadezanA bhAgalANamAM jaI rahele jaNAyA che. " " sagALazA ' ane premAnaMda bhaTTa (I.sa. 17 mI sadIneA uttarAdha'); I.sa. 1667thI 1990 sudhImAM aneka AkhyAna racI gayele! narasiMha mahetA ane dayArAmatA samakakSa kavi hatA. A pUrve AkhyAna te aneka racAyAM che, paNa enI kreTane kAI AkhyAna-kavi cayA nathI, ucca kArTaneA A AkhyAna-kavi vaDAdarAmAM thaI gayA che. enI okhAharaNa' 'abhimanyu AkhyAna' caMdrahAsa AkhyAna' madAlasA AkhyAna' 'ph`DI' 'zrAddha' 'sudAmAcaritra' 'mAmeru" ' sudhanvAcyAkhyAna " 'nannAkhyAna' 'raNayajJa' 'kRmiNIharaNa'nAsiketAkhyAna' vAmanakathA' ' zAmaLazAhanA vivAha'(nAnA), bhramaragItA'(nAnI-meTI)'dazamaskaMdha'(apUNa`)--A I.sa. 1677 thI 1900 sudhImAM racAyelI kRti che. eNe khIjI nAnI nAnI paNa racanA karI che. gujarAtI madhyayuge je mahattvanA kavi ApyA teemAM A ucca pratibhAne AkhyAna-kavi che. A kavine nAme anya sakhyAbaMdha racanAe prasiddha karavAmAM AvI che, paNa enuM kartRtva siddha karI zakAyu' nathI.

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9muM] bhASA ane sAhitya (311 vIrajI (I.sa. 1664-1668 mAM hayAta) : ghaNuM karIne A AkhyAnakavinI "surekhAharaNa" nAmanI khAnadezanA buharAnapuramAM karelI (I.sa. 1664) racanA che. bIjI racanA kAmAvatInuM AkhyAna' (I.sa. 1669) che. enA nAma upara bIjI be racanA caDAvavAmAM AvI che, paNa e azraya che. - haridAsa vaNika (I.sa. 1671 mAM hayAta) : enI ekamAtra prAmANika kRti "narasiMhanA putrano vivAha" (I.sa. 1671) jANavAmAM AvI che. bIjI traNeka enA nAme caDAvI prasiddha karAI che. dvArake (I.sa. 1674-1744 mAM hayAta) : e vaDodarA jillAnA bhAlejano vatanI hato. enA bAra mAsa" uparAMta keTalAMka pada paNa chapAyAM che. A dvArakA" ke dvArakAdAsanA nAme caDAvI keTalIka nAnI racanAo prasiddha karavAmAM AvI che. dhanajI (I.sa. 17mI sadInI trIjI pacIsI) : enI ekamAtra kRti "samiNIvivAha (saM. 1819-I.sa. 1763nI hAthaprata) jANavAmAM AvI che. yaNezva2 (I.sa. 1668 mAM hayAta) : DAkoranA zrI raNachoDarAyajIne puSTibhAgIya sevA-prakAra nakkI karI ApanArA go. zrI harirAyajInI AjJAthI A yazvare raceluM zrI raNachoDajInuM carita' (I.sa. 1669) maLe che. jIvarAja (I.sa. 1976-78 mAM hayAta)-jIvane zikhAmaNa" "kailAsavarNana" ane "IzapratApa' e traNa ja racanA chavarAjanI maLI che. e suratanA begamapurAne ke bharUca pAsenA vejalapurane vatanI hato. tulasI (I.sa. 1676 mAM hayAta): dhoLakA pAsenA lIliyAnA A brAhmaNano ekamAtra graMtha "azvamedha maLyo che (I.sa. 1676). jaimininA "azvamedhane anusarIne lakhAyeluM enuM A svataMtra AkhyAna che. kezavadAsa vaNika (I.sa. 167 mAM hayAta)H enuM kRSNanI lIlAne lagatuM "mathurAlIlA' (31 kaDavAnuM) jANavAmAM AvyuM che. e bharUca pAsenA Amodane vallabhI vaNika vaiSNava hato. haradeva svAmI (Isa. 1684 mAM hayAta) mULa siddhapurane vatanI audIcya brAhmaNa-khaMbhAtamAM janmelo, teNe suratamAM "kaMdapurANane AdhAra laI zivanI kathA "zivapurANa" mathALe AkhyAna-rUpamAM ApI che.

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312] sughala kAla [x. ( ratnezvara (I.sa. 1683-1694 mAM hayAta) : A eka padyAnuvAdaka hatA. DabhAImAM rahI A zrImALI brAhmaNe " * bhAgavata jaiminIya azvamedha ' ane 'svargArAhaNupa''nA adhyAyavAra AkhyAna-paddhatie padyAnuvAda karyAM che. saMskRtanA e sArA jJAtA hatA ane gujarAtI bhASA upara prabhutva dharAvatA hatA e kAraNe anuvAda hAvA chatAM anuvAda che evA vAcakane khyAla AvatA nathI, 'bhAgavata'nA anuvAda karatAM eNe zrIdharI TIkAne AdhAra lIdhe che. A uparAMta 'AtmavicAra-caMdrodaya' gaNumeLa vRttomAM karelI svataMtra jJAnamUlaka racanA che. enA 'khAra mAsa' paNa jANavAmAM AvyA che. enA nAma para caDAvIne paNa theADI racanAe prasiddha karavAmAM AvI che. mukuMda (I.sa. 1686 mAM hayAta) : kha`bhAtanA A AkhyAnakAre 'vIra varSoMnuM AkhyAna' ane caMdrahAsanuM AkhyAna' e e AkhyAna racelAM havAnuM jANavAmAM AvyuM che. vallabha bhaTTa (I.sa. 1690-1910 mAM hayAta) : suratanA audIcya TALakriyA brAhmaNanA AkhyAna-rUpamAM bhAgavatanA 1 thI 9 ane 11, 12 nA skaMdhAne sArAnuvAda maLe che (I.sa. 1707 thI 1710). e kathAkAra hatA ane racanA ga!I saMbhaLAvatA. eNe A uparAMta ' revAmAhAtmya ' (Isa. 1701) 'anAvilapurANa' (I.sa. 1690) ane sva. a. mu. jAtIe premAnaMdanA nAme chUpAveluM 'subhadrAharaNa' racanA karI hatI. jagannAtha (I.sa. 17-18 mI sadInA saMdhikAla) : AnuM eka mAtra AkhyAna kAvya 'sudAmAcaritra' (I.sa. 1705) maLyuM che. nathurAma (I.sa. 17-18 mI sadInA saMdhikAla) : enAM 'kakko' 'cetavaNI ( vintALi ) 'pAvatI-lakSmIsaMvAda' 'vidura-bhAva' ane thADAM padma, jANavAmAM AvyAM che. jerAma (I.sa. 17-18 mI sadInA saMdhikALa) : enuM ekamAtra travAhanaAkhyAna' maLyuM che. e kaccha-mudrAnA cAturvedI mADha brAhmaNa hatA. bhAjo suratI (I.sa. 17-18 mI sadInA sadhikAla) : A AkhyAnakAranI 'caMdrahAsa AkhyAna' ane amravAhana AkhyAna' e e racanA maLI che. e jJAtie RNu karIne khAreATa hateA. iMdrAvatI kivA prANanAtha ( I.sa. 17-18 mI sadInA saMdhikAla ) ; paraNAmI vaiSNavapaMthanA sthApaka devacaMdrajInA ziSya prANanAthe navAnagara-jAmanagaramAM

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9 muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [313 rahI IMdrAvatI' evA strIbhAvathI nirdoSa zRMgAranAM pada gAyAM che. enAM kAvyonI nakala mAravADanA meDatA gAmamAM thayelI che.) enuM "rAsavarNanI sumadhura racanA che. veNIdAsa (I.sa. 1705 mAM hayAta)H peTalAda najIkanA pIjanA A leuvA pATIdAre tatkAlIna vrajamizrita hiMdImAM dilhIsAmrAjyavarNana" padyarUpe AMdhyuM che. aitihAsika dRSTie A mahattvapUrNa racanA che. kevalarAma nAga2 (I.sa. 1700-1749 mAM hayAta ) : amadAvAdanA visanagarA kavi kevalarAmane vrajamizrita hiMdI bhASAne amadAvAdanA samakAlIna sUbA javAMmardakhAna ane enA bAbI vaMzanA pUrvajonI prazasti gAto padyagraMtha jANavAmAM AvyuM che. A paNa aitihAsika mahatva dharAve che. - tulajArAma (I.sa. 1709 mAM hayAta) : amadAvAdanA mULa vatanI nAgara jJAtinA A AkhyAnakArane vaDodarAmAM racelo dazamaskaMdha' jANavAmAM Avyo che (I.sa. 1709). raNachoDa bhakta (I.sa. 1714-1724 mAM hayAta) : mahIkAMThAnA khaDAla gAmano vatanI ane pAchaLathI kapaDavaMja tAlukAnA toraNAmAM AvI vasele A eka bhaktakavi hatA. "ka ko' "kavipAka "kRSNanA mahinA" "kevalarasa "cAturI "ciMtAmaNi "ThAkorane gara" "tAjaNe" (yAbakhA) bAramAsa' vagere enI aneka bhaktimArgIya racanAo maLI che. vaLI dazAvatAralIlA" "nAsiketAkhyAna "brahmastuti govardhana utsava" "sItAvela" vagere AkhyAnaprakAranI racanAo paNa maLe che. jagajIvana (sa. 1716-17 mAM hayAta) : madhya kakSAnA jJAnI kaviomAM sthAna laI zake tevA A kavinI "jJAnamUla" "narabodha' "maNiratnamAlA "saptAthAyI" "jJAnagItA "rAmakathA' "zivavivAha ane cittavicArasaMvAda' e kRtio jANavAmAM AvI che. "maNiratnamAlA" mULa keIne graMtha che, enA anuvAdamAM kavie padya temaja gadyano upayoga paNa karyo che. radhurAma dIkSita (I.sa. 1716 mAM hayAta) : narasiMha mahetAnI hUMDI' "pAMDavAzvamedha uparAMta chUTaka pado A AkhyAnakAranAM maLI AvyAM che. e orapADane yajurvedI brAhmaNa hatA. zAmaLa (I. sa. 1714-1765 mAM hayAta) : gujarAtI bhASAnA madhyakalamAM kAlpanika laukika kathAo svalpa pramANamAM ja maLI che. amadAvAda pAsenA - veMgaNapura(hAlanA gomatIpura) nA zrIgauDa mALavI brAhmaNa zAmaLa bhaTTa lekaraMjana

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314] mughala kAla [ ... prakAranI laukika kathAo racavAne AraMbha karyo ane mahemadAvAda pAse sIMhujanA - jamInadAra rakhIdAsa paTelanI vinaMtithI ene tyAM I.sa. 1729mAM jaI rahyo tyAM paNa racanAo cAlu rAkhI. enI A varSavALI zivapurANa" "padmAvatInI vAtI" "raNachoDajI zake" "rUratama bahAdurane pavADo' bheja ane lIlAvatI' siMhAsanabatrIsI' "aMgadaviSTi' ane "sUDAbaherI" (I.sa. 1765 nI chellI racanA) ane rayA varSa vinAnI 'udyamakarmasaMvAda' "utkaMThanuM AkhyAna' (apUrNa). kAmAvatInI vArtA... "kAlikAne garabo" "gulabaMkAvalInI vArtA "caMdracaMdrAvatInI vArtA" "jahAMdArazAhanI vArtA "naMdabatrIzInI vArtA" "barAsakastUrInI vArtA" madanamohanAnI vArtA "rAvaNa-maMdodarI saMvAda" "suMdara kAmadAranI vArtA caMpakasenanI vAta "caMdanamalayAgirinI vArtA" ane "revAkhaMDa." prItama (I.sa. 1718-1798 mAM hayAta)H kheDA jillAnA saMdesara najIkanA bAvaLA gAmane bAroTa prItamadAsa kiMvA prItama svAmI nAmane virakta sAdhu enA samayane, lagabhaga akhAnI kaTi, jJAnI kavi hato. enI gAdI. sa desaramAM che. enI racyA varSavALI sarasagItA" "jJAnakakko "seraThanA mahinA jJAnagItA" dharmagItA' sAkhI-graMtha "ekAdazaskaMdha" "jJAnaprakAza" "brahmalIlA" "premaprakAza "vinaya-dInatA" ane "bhagavaddagItA, te racya varSa vinAnI paNa nAnI nAnI aneka racanAo temaja pada jANavAmAM AvyAM che. raghunAtha vaiSNava (I.sa. 1718-1814mAM hayAta): amadAvAdanA. gomatIpurane e leu pATIdAra hato. trIjA dharanA puSTimArgIya A vaiSNava kavie samA samAnAM ane tu Rtune utsavonAM, vrajabhASAnAM padonI jema, gujarAtImAM aneka pada racI ApyAM che. dhuvAkhyAna" "vAra" tithi "mahine " odhavajIne jJAnabAdha premapacIsI' "pradUlAdAkhyAna" "rAdhAjInuM rUsaNuMvagere paNa enI racanAo jANItI che. nAthabhavAna uphe anubhavAnaMda (I.sa. 1722-23 mAM hayAta) : jUnAgaDhanA vaDanagarA gheADA kuTuMbanA A uttaravayanA saMnyAsIe gRhasthAzramamAM nAthabhavAnInA nAmathI ane saMnyAsta pachI "anubhavAnaMdanA nAmathI racanAo. karI che. kAnAno cAturI" "aMbAjIno garabo" "rAdhAjI garabo" "vimalane gara" "viSNupada" "viSNuvicAra" "vyasanamuktine garabe" "havyakavyane gara" tema keTalAMka garabA garabI "nAthabhavAnInI chApathI, to "zivagItA' "brahmagItA' ane cAturIo' tema "adhyAtmarAmAyaNa' (I.sa. 1764)--e saMnyasta dazAmAM

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muM] bhASA ane sAhitya (315 nare hari hAlArI (I.sa. 1730mAM hayAta) enI celaiyAnuM AkhyAna" e ekamAtra kRti prApta ja che. e jAmanagara jillAnA sarapadaDane sArasvata brAhmaNa hato. mIThao (I.sa. 1738-1787 mAM hayAta) : mIThuo ke mIThuM mahArAja mahIkAMThAnA mahIsAno vatanI ane moDha brAhmaNa hato. ene viAra saskRta bhASAne graMtha che. enI gujarAtI racanAo "rasikavRttivinoda' "zrIrasa(bAra ullAsamAM) "zrIlaharI (zaMkarAcAryajInI "saundaryalaharI ne anuvAda), zaktivilAsalaharI' "bhagavaddagItA (anuvAda) ane bIjI saMskRta tema gujarAtI stotra vagere racanAo maLI AvI che. kavi tarIke ucca kakSAne che. suMdara mevADe (I.sa. 1740 mAM hayAta) premAnaMde dazamaskaMdha enA para mA adhyAye adhUro rAkhele te sAmAnya AkhyAna baMdhamAM A AkhyAnakAre pUrNa karyo che. rAyapura paragaNAnA dhAyetA gAmano e mevADe brAhmaNa jaNAya che. suMdarajI dIkSita (I.sa. 1740 mAM hayAta) : vaDodarAnA amadAvAdI vaDanagarA brAhmaNa suMdarajIe kAzImAM "siMhAsanabatrIsI'nI noMdhapAtra racanA karI jANavAmAM AvI che. eNe "kaDavuM" zabda na vAparatAM "mIThuM" zabda prayojela che. jIvaNadAsa (I.sa. 173-1747 mAM hayAta): dhoLakAnA eka nAnA A jJAnI kavinI "guruziSya-saMvAda' ane "zikhAmaNane garabo' e be racanA uparAMta 'dAsa chavaNuM ke dAsI jIvaNanI chApathI "cAturIo maLI che. trIkamadAsa vaiSNava (I.sa. 1744-1800 mAM hayAta) jUnAgaDha Apela mahatvanA kaviomAM anubhavAnaMda pachI e narasiMha mahetAnA mAMgaroLa(seraTha)mAMnA kAkA parvatanA vaMzamAM thayelA gaNanApAtra bhaktakavi thayo che. ema to e gAyakavADI majamUdAra hato. saMskRta uparAMta vraja ane phArasI bhASAne paNa e kavi hato. "DAkAralIlA parvata pacIzI" ane "krimiNIkhyAha" (phArasImizra vrajabhASAne) e mahattvanI kRtio uparAMta "trIkamadAsa-Aza paripUraNanI chApavALAM moTI saMkhyAmAM enAM bhaktipada prasiddhimAM AvyAM che. zivAnaMda (I.sa. 1754 mAM hayAta) : suratanA vaDanagarA nAgara brAhmaNa zivAnaMde zivane keMdramAM rAkhI racelAM pada jANavAmAM AvyAM che. mUlajI bhaTTa (I.sa. 1755 mAM hayAta)H vyAsa mUlajI tarIke oLakhAtA A AkhyAnakAranuM "narasiMha mahetAnA pitAnuM zrAddha" e ekamAtra racanA maLI che.

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316] mughala kAla [ , seMdhavuM joIe ke nAnA nAnA aneka kartAoe "pade "kItane bAra mAsa jevI sAdI racanAo karelI jANavAmAM AvI che. A badhI samAveza karavA jatAM graMthanuM laMbANa nirarthaka vadhe eTale e ahIM jatI karI che. jUnI gujarAtInuM jaina sAhitya | gujarAtI bhASAnA jaina sAhityakAro vize agAunA graMthamAM achaDato. nirdeza thayo che. mughala kAla daramyAna gujarAtI bhASAnA jaina sAhityakAronI sAme paNa sudIrdha praNAlI hatI. AmAM "Adikavi"nuM bhAna laI jatA atyAre to "bharatezvarabAhubalighora (aMdAje 1169)ne kartA vajasenasUri kahI zakAya. kRti sAmAnya prakAranI che, paNa prAcIna gujarAtI kiMvA uttaragaurjara apabhraMza bhASAne namUne pUruM pADe che. namUnedAra racanA to zAlibhadrasUrine "bharatezvarabAhubali rAsa" (saM. 1241I.sa. 1185) che. jenA paripATI pramANe kAvyAta pAtra dIkSA laI letAM hoI aMta nidAtmaka lAge, chatAM samagra rIte jotAM e vIrarasanuM eka gaNya keTinuM kAvya banI rahe che, jene jeTa gujarAtI sAhityamAM te padmanAbhanA 'kAnhaDadeprabaMdha' ke zrIdharanA "raNamalla chaMda" mAM joI zakAya. jaina sAdhuo ane zrAvakoe dharmakathAnakene kedramAM rAkhI meTe bhAge sthUlibhadra-kazA ane neminAtha-rAjimatI temaja potAnA samayanA gurusthAnIya AcAryonA caritane viSya banAvI aneka rAsanI racanA tema maryAdita saMkhyAmAM ramaNIya phAguonI racanA karI che. rAsomAM seMdhapAtra kahI zakAya tevI racanAomAM vijayasenasUrine "revaMtagirirAsu" (I.sa. 12para AsapAsa) ane aMbadevasUrino samarArAsu" (I.sa. 1315) dhyAna kheMce che. pahelAmAM tejapAlanuM svalpa carita ApavAmAM AvyuM che, to bIjAmAM pATaNanA zreSThI samarasiMhanI pAlItANAnI saMghayAtrAnuM rocaka varNana maLe che. A baMne lAvaNyasamayanA vimalaprabaMdha (I.sa. 1512) ane pArzvanAthasUrinA "vastupAla-tejapAlarAsa (I.sa. 1519 AsapAsa)nI yAda Ape che. dhArmika rAsa vageremAM prasaMgenAM zabdabhede ane kvacita prakArabhede paNa punaH kathana ja lAge, jyAre aitihAsika pAtrone keMdramAM rAkhI racavAmAM AvelI racanAomAM sajIvatA lAge. rAsayugamAM ane pachI paNa, thoDI saMkhyAmAM chatAM, guracanAomAM vastusAmya chatAM varNana-bhagInA pArthakyane kAraNe, thoDI ja nabaLI kRtionA apavAda, racanAo kamanIya banI rahe che. namUnedAra kahI zakAya tevI racanAomAM

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9 muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [317 noMdhapAtra jinapadmasUrine "neminAtha phAgu (I.sa. 1366 AsapAsa) ajJAtane jaMbusvAmiphAgu (I.sa. 1774), semasAgarasUrine "raMgasAgaranemiphAgu' (I.sa. 1401 AsapAsa), mANikyacaMdrasUrine "nemAzvaracaritaphAgu' (I.sa. 14rara AsapAsa) che. sthUlibhadranA caritamAM mAtra, varSARtunuM citraNa heAya che, bAkInA phAgu, vasaMtanAM sumadhura varNanathI rocaka banI rahyA hoya che. nAyaka-nAyikAne viraha uddIpta karavA vasaMtanAM varNana apAyAM hoya che, je aMte nAyaka-nAyikAnI viraktimAM pariNamatAM hoya che.A jaina paripATI. rAsonI aneka vividha racanAo karatAM thoDI paNa laukika tathA vastune keMdramAM rAkhI racAyelI, vArtA prakAranI padyaracanAo kAvyatattva ane kAvyacitraNanI daSTie vadhu AkarSaka banI rahI che. vijayabhadrasUrinI 'haMsarAja vaccharAja caupaI (I.sa. 1355) ane hIrANaMdano "vidyAvilAsapavADu" (I.sa. 1429) AvI. racanAo che. mANijyacaMdrasUrinI "pRthvIcaMdracarita' (I.sa. 1422) zIrSaka kathAvArtA laukika prakAranI che, paNa e anuprAsAtmaka gadyamAM hAI benamUna banI rahI che. bAramAsI" "kaka' "mAtRkA "kalaza" ane padyagIta paNa racAyAM che, paNa emAM bAramAsI virahakAvya tarIke dIpI rahe che, jemAM moTe bhAge to neminAtharAjimatIne ja nAyaka-nAyikA tarIke ApavAmAM AvyAM hoya che. A paNa phAgunI jema zRMgArapradhAna kavitA che. vinayacaMdrasUrinI neminAtha catuSAdikA' (I.sa. 1297 pahelAM) suMdara bAramAsA kAvya che. vacita akSarameLa chaMdomAM paNa racanAo thaI che. AmAM zAlisUrinuM 'virATaparva" (I.sa. 143ra pahelAM) nedhapAtra kRti che. saMskRta-prAkata nAnAmoTA graMthane zabdArtha mAtra ApanArA bA vikasyA che, paNa evA graMthonAM subhASitone eka pachI eka laI zabdArtha mA mAM baMdhAI. na rahetAM daSTAMtavArtAothI samRddha gadya ApanArA bAlAvabodha e jaina vArtAlekhakanI namUnedAra sRSTi che. taruNaprabhane paDAvazyaka-bAlAvabedha" (I.sa. 1455) ane somasuMdarasUrinA "paDAvazyaka "yogazAstra "ArAdhanApatAkA "navatara bhaktAmarastotra' 'SaSTizataka prakaraNa" vagere uparanA bAlAvabodha gujarAtI gadyanA ja nahi, bhASAnA paNa kramika vikAsanA sUcaka namUnA che. avirata pravAha salatanata kAlamAM jaina sAhityakArone hAthe racanA-pravAha satata vadhe ja

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318] mughala kAla [5. hata tethI paNa adhika rIte mughala kAlamAM satata vacce rahyo che, enAM e dhArmika pAtro, enAM e dhArmika kathAnake ane samAna kahI zakAya tevI nirUpaNa paddhatine AtmasAta karI sAdhuo temaja zrAvakee pitAnI bhaktibhAvanA pradarzita karI che. A kAraNe aneka racanA sarajAyA chatAM ane bhASAnA vikAsanI dRSTie e ghaNI upayegI hovA chatAM kAvyatatvanI dRSTie noMdhapAtra bhAgye ja jovA maLe che. AmAM 'rUpacaMdakuMvararAsa' (Isa. 1580)-"naladamayaMtI rAsa (I.sa. 1609)nA kirtA nayasuMdara, aneka gujarAtI rAsa-copAI vagerenA kartA AcArya samayasuMdara, (I.sa. 16 02-1644 vaccenI racanAo), aneka rAso ane stavano AdinA kirtA khaMbhAtanA avabhadAsa (I.sa. 1610-1631 vaccenI racanAo), vinayavijaya sAthe 'zrIpAlarAsa (I.sa. 1738) ane svataMtra paNa thaDA rAsa ane stavanenA kartA nyAyAcAya yazavijayajI, aneka caupaIo ane rAsanA kartA jinaharSa (I.sa. 1710-176ra vacce ane aneka rAsanA kartA udayaratna (I.sa. -1749-1799 vacce potAnI racanAomAM DI jhAjhI siddhi pAmI zakyA che. zrAvakane AnaMda sAthe upadeza ApavAno hoI sAmAnya mAnava paNa saraLatAthI samajI zake e dRSTi A racanAo pAchaLa rahelI che ke jevI jainatara AkhyAnI racanAo pAchaLa. laukika kathAvastu dharAvanArI racanAo paNa thaI che, jemAM paNa enAM e vastuo upara vArtApravAha padyamAM vahAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya che. bAlAvabodha lakhavAno pravAha pramANamAM have maryAdita thayo che, bAkInA svAdhyAya (sajajhAyo) stavane bAramAsI vagere prakAra thADA jhAjhA kheDAya gayA che. chellAM 700-800 varSonA gALAmAM jaina virakta sAdhuo-AcAryo sudhdhAMe tema cheDA zrAvakoe paNa dharmabuddhithI-seMkaDo ane hajAronI saMkhyAmAM racanAo karI che. moTA bhAganI racanAo anyAnya jaina bhaMDAromAM temaja khAnagI saMgrahamAM sacavAI rahelI che. A badhIne, mAhitI pUratI yAdIonA apavAde, abhyAsa thayo nathI, abhyAsa mAtra mudrita kRtiono ja thayo che. je thayuM che temAM keTalIka sattvazALI racanAono paricaya sulabha paNa bane chejainetara ane jaina A badhI ja racanAone gujarAtI bhASAnA ane jUnA sAhityaprakAronA vikAsanA ItihAsamAM mahatvano phALo che. kozakArane paNa AmAM vipula pramANamAM zabdanuM - bhAthuM maLI rahe ema che. emAMnI keTalIka aitihAsika vastu ApanArI racanAo te gujarAtanA itihAsanI khUTatI kaDIo paNa pUrI karI Ape tevI che.

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* su* ] bhASA ane sAhitya 3. azmI phArasI ane urdU gujarAtamAM vasatI pArasI kemanI mULa mAtRbhASA phArasI hatI. temAMthI jemane IrAnamAM vasatA pArasIe| sAthe saba Mdha haze tevA keTalAka leAkeAnuM phArasI zIkhavA tarapha valaNa rahetuM. videzamAMthI AvelA musalamAneAnI paNa e lagabhaga mAtRbhASA hatI, bAkI rahyA gujarAtI hi Mdue, tee mATe phArasI bhASA aparicita hatI, para`tu jo teo phArasI na zIkhe te sarakArI khAtAMomAM joDAvAnAM dvAra emane mATe baMdha thaI jAya, AthI hiMdu meAnA keTalAka gujarAtI zikSitAne paNa phArasI zIkhavAnuM jarUrI banyuM. [ 319 phrArasInA vidvAnane mATe arakhI bhASAnuM jJAna hai|vu anivArya te nahi, paraMtu Avazyaka jarUra hAya che. bhAratanA tatkAlIna zAsaka musalamAna hatA. tenA dharma gra Mtha arabI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA hAI, peAtAnI mAnyatA tathA vicArAne pramANita karavA mATe e graMthAmAMthI avataraNA TAMkI zakAya-eAchAmAM ehuM eTaluM arabInuM jJAna tA emane mATe apekSita rahe che. AthI gujarAtanA musalamAne nAgara hiMdu gRhasthA ke pArasIe arabI-phArasI baMnene abhyAsa karatA ane keTalAka tA emAM nipuNa banatA. Ane kAraNe gujarAtamAM arakhI bhASAmAM lahuM lakhAyuM che. e badhu lakhANa graMthA dIbAcA bhASAMtara| ruSkAe bayAjhA ke phUTakaLa lakhANanA rUpamAM sArAye gujarAtamAM veravikhera paDayuM che. sadgata dI. ba. kRSNalAla meAhanalAla jhaverIe peAtAnA gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMthA'mAM pote upayegamAM lIdhelAM sAdhatAnI yAdImAM khaMbhAta amadAvAda vagere sthaLAnA kAjI sAhebeA tathA anya sAhityapremIenAM kitAbakhAnAM vagerene ullekha karyo che. e ja pramANe Do. hATubhAI ra. nAyake paNa potAnA 'gujarAtanA nAgarenuM phArasI bhASA ane sAhityanuM kheDANa'mAM dhaNAM sAdhatAnA ullekha karelA che. gujarAtanA nAgarA, gujarAtI muslimo ane pArasIoe abI phrArasImAM ghaNuM lakhyu che, paraMtu e badhu ekatra karI zakAyu` nathI, phArasIjJAtA nAgare e phurasadane samaya phArasI kRtie racavAmAM ane krUrasI pustakAnI nakala karavAmAM gALyo hateA. phrArasI gadyapadyanA meATA jaththA emaNe taiyAra karyAM hatA, paraMtu emAMtA Ne! nAne! bhAga prakAzamAM AvyA che. gujarAta-saurASTranAM mukhya zahera jevAM ke amadAvAda surata bharUca khabhAta pAlanapura mAMgarALa(seAra) ane jUnAgaDhamAM vasatA emanA vaMzajo ane sagAMvahAlAMenAM dharomAM emanI sakhata mahenata ane tapasyAnA phaLarUpe lakhAyelAM pustaka haze ja. sa`zeAdhanakArya karanArAone mATe e atizaya upayAgI sAmagrI pUrI pADI zake ema che. jo A badhA dhULa khAtA

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320] mughala kAla thenuM saMzodhana karavAmAM Ave to gujarAtanA itihAsamAM navIna aitihAsika sAmagrI maLI AvatAM ghaNAM prasaMgenuM punaHmUlyAMkana karavuM paDe ane e rIte gujarAtano ItihAsa vadhu sAro ane samRddha bane. hiMdu lekhakoH | gujarAtI hiMduo dvArA sarjAyela arabI phArasI sAhityanuM pradhAna lakSaNa e che ke emAM itihAsa ane aitihAsika prasaMgone AlekhatA graMthonuM pramANa sAruM evuM che. tyAra pachI sakA bayAjha ane anya sAhityika graMtha che IzvaradAsa: aNahilavADa pATaNanA nAgara gRhastha IzvaradAse "kutuhAte AlamagIrI nAmano graMtha lakhyo che. emAM zahenazAha auraMgajhebe AlamagIranA samayamAM vIra durgAdAsa rAThoDa sAthe thayelAM yuddho ane prasaMgenuM varNana che. lekhake pote keTalAka prasaMgomAM bhAga lIdhela hoI, A graMthamAM varNavelI ghaTanAonuM mahattva vadhI jAya che. IzvaradAsa jodhapuramAM amIranA heddA upara nokarI karato hato. eNe satata be varSa sudhI zujAtakhAna ane durgAdAsa vacce meLa karavAno prayAsa cAlu rAkhe. IzvaradAse gujarAtamAM zekha abdula vahAbanA putra zekha ul islAmanA hAtha nIce nokarI karI hatI. enA ItihAsamAM I.sa. 1657 thI I.sa. 1698 nA samaya daramyAna banela prasaMgonuM varNana kareluM che. A pustakanI mAtra eka ja hastalikhita prata prApya che. e nakala hi.saM. 1163(I.sa. 1750)mAM naharavAlA(pATaNa)mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI.44 Do. jI baDe pitAne History of Gujarat' lakhavAmAM A pustakamAMthI ghaNo phAyado uThAvyo che. eNe emAM "zrIdAsa, gujarAtane nAgara' e pramANe ulekha karyo che 45 sara jadunAtha sarakAre paNa "tArIkhe auraMgajheba lakhavAmAM A pustakanI madada lIdhI che emAM eNe mALavA ane rAjapUtAnAnI tatkAlIna paristhitinuM citraNa sArI rIte karyuM che. khAjA rAjakAraNa bhavAnIdAsa : tenuM upanAma "phadAIkhAnI" hatuM. eNe hi.sa. 1100 (I.sa. 1689)mAM "kuzAyasAnAmA" nAmano graMtha lakhyo che. emAM sAta suMdara bedhadAyaka vArtAone samAveza thAya che. jagajIvanadAsa : e manaharadAsano putra hato. eNe "muntakhiba Uta tavArIkha" nAme itihAsano eka graMtha lakhyo che. hi sa. 1119 (I.sa. 1707)mAM muhammada ajhIme ene vAyA nigAra tarIke pitAnI pAse rAkhyo

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* su] bhASA ane sAhitya [21 hatA.47 eNe lakhela itihAsamAM mahamadanagara tathA gujarAtanA sulatAnanA vagerene saMkSepamAM ahevAla ApavAmAM AvyA che.48 eNe kArasImAM dhaNA patra lakhyA che. kAI muka MdarAyanI mAtuzrInA maraNa prasa Mge, kutiyANAthI, eNe eka dilAsAnA patra lakhyA hatA . te gujarAta vidyAsabhAnA hastapratasaMgrahamAM eka khatasaMgraha bhegA che. jIvaNalAla : e gujarAtI nAgara hatA. ene gadya uparAMta padya lakhavAmA pazu zIkha hatA. e prasa Mgane anurUpa najhamA lakhatA. eka kavitAmAM eNe pUrI halavA sAkara dUdha jalekhI khAjA' vagerenuM suMdara varNana karyu che. tanhAmala : e amadAvAdanA medAranA nAyaba haidara kulIkhAnaneA nAkara hatA. e phArasIneA vidvAna hatA. eNe 'guladaste chama' nAmanI pustikA lakhI che. emAM eNe pote vRMdAvananI jAtrA karelI tenuM suMdara vaCna karyu che. ane bhagavAna zrIkRSNa upara paNa thADuMka lakhyu che. enuM e kAvya batAve che ke e eka risakavi hatA. marahumana : e zAhajahAM ane aura'gajhebanA jamAnAmAM thaI gayA. 'hakIkatula hiMdu' nAme eka hastalikhita gra Mtha, je suratanA bakhzamiyAnA kitAbakhAnAmAM che, temAM jaNAvyA mujaba enuM nAma 'caMdrabhANu' ane tajjusa 'barahamana' hatuM. e gujarAtamAM AvelA ja chusaranA vatanI hatA. saMbhava che ke gujarAtanA e brAhmaNanuM kuTuMba zAhajahAMnA jamAnAmAM dilhI ke AgrAmAM rahetu. hAya !49 arahamana phArasInA eka dIvAna(gajhalasa Mgraha)neA paNa kartA che. enI gajhale pAralaukika premane vyakta kare che. mahetA sukharAma : gujarAtanA vatanI hatA. e dhaNu' karIne nAgara hatA. enAM phasIda ( prazaMsA--kAvyeA ) navAba saAdatakhAnanI tArI mAM lakhAyelAM che. eNe rukkA(pannA)nu' eka pustaka paNa lakhyuM che. atyAre e tUTaka hAlatamAM upalabdha che. enA patravyavahAra munazI kalAlacaMda sAthe hatA, e I.sa. 1707 pata hayAta hatA. enA uparathI mahetA sukharAmanA samayaneA aMdAja paNa maLe che. mahetA sudaralAla H e pAlaDInA vatanI hatA. eNe kAtanI eka kitAba lakhI che, emAM jAtajAtanAM khatA ilkAA rivAjo ane nasIhatA (zikhAmaNA) paNa che. abajaH paddhati pramANe I.sa. 1699 nI sAla ApI che, ethI e aura MgajhebanA samayamAM thayA gaNAya. 4-6-21

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322] mughala kAla. [ 5. munazI durijanamalaH e arabI-phArasIne jJAtA hatA. vidvAna musala mAnenA sahavAsane kAraNe enAM lakhANomAM arabI bhASAnI asara dekhAI Ave che. e arabI kahevata ane kurAna zarIphanI AyAtane ghaNI khUbIthI upayoga kare che e gujarAtI hato, paraMtu mALavAmAM islAmAbAda nAmanI koI jagyAe sarakArI heddA upara hato. enA rUkAtane eka saMgraha vidyamAna che. mahetA zelArAmaH e amadAvAdane nAgara hatA. enAM rUkAta ane rojanIzI uparathI joI zakAya che ke phArasI bhASA upara ene ghaNe sAro kAbU hate. khasiyaranI keda ane enuM mota sAdAta bArahA ane ajitasiMhane laIne hatAM e bAbata eNe vigatavAra lakhI che tevI bIjI koI tavArIkhamAM jovAmAM AvatI nathI. A banAva I.sa. 1718 mAM banyo.50 mAdhavadAsa : gujarAtane nAgara brAhmaNa hato. phArasI ane hiMdIne jJAtA hato, eNe pitAnA putra gokalacaMdane zIkhavavA mATe rUkAtanI eka kitAba namUnArUpe lakhI hatI, je chapAI che. phArasImAM enuM eka dIvAna tema kathAnAmAM mazahUra che. mAdhavadAsa auraMgajhebanA jamAnAmAM I.sa. 1690 paryata hayAta hato. ' enA putra gokalacaMde paNa keTalAka rakAta lakhyA che. kizanajI vaidya (baida) : e amadAvAdane vatanI hato. eNe Azare 300 pAnAMnI eka copaDI rojanIzIrUpe lakhI che. enA dabAcA( prastAvanA)mAM lakhyuM che ke keTalAka divasa bekAra rahevAthI meM AnaMda mATe hiMdI-phArasInI kitAbene abhyAsa zarU karyo ane emAMthI phUla vINune jamA karyA. enuM pitAnuM eka kitAbakhAnuM paNa hatuM. emAM sAhitya ane ItihAsanA graMtha sArA pramANamAM hatA. A rajanIzI hi.sa. 1182(I.sa. 1768)mAM pUrI thaI hatI. zivalAla : enA pitAnuM nAma suMdaralAla. amadAvAdanA nAgara khAnadAnamAM ene janma thayo hato. enI rojanIzI ghaNI prakhyAta che. emAM rUkAta, dabAcA, kasIdA tathA zero lakhelA che. e pite zAyara hato, paraMtu ene zAyarInuM abhimAna na hatuM. eNe naMdalAlanI rojanIzI upara lakhela dIbA, phArasI bhASA uparanuM enuM prabhutva darzAve che. enI rojanIzI zikastAmAM lakhelI che. I.sa. 1748 mAM e rojanIzI pUrI thAya che. enI A rAjanIzI upara mahetA udayarAmane dIbA lakhAyela che.

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9 muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [3ra3 revAzakara paravArI: e amadAvAdane vatanI hatA. I.sa. 1761 sudhI e hayAta hovAnI sAbitI maLe che. enA nAma sAthe "paravArI Ave che. e nyAta bharavADa hoya. phArasImAM enuM paravAra thayuM hoya athavA e enuM takhallusa hoya.5. jJAtie e brAhmaNa yA nAgara hoya evuM lAge che. e zAyara hato. eNe khAna abdula vahAbakhAnanA saMbaMdhamAM eka musammana (kAvyaprakAra) lakhI che. gadyamAM e aMtyAnuprAsavALI zailIno upayoga karo. zivalAla vagerenI rajanIzImAM enA lakhelA dabAvyA che, tenA uparathI phArasI jhabAna uparano ene kAbU dekhAI Ave che. pArasI lekhake hiMduo uparAMta pArasIoe paNa phArasI graMtha lakhyA che. teoe IrAnamAM vasatA pitAnA jarathostI bhAIo sAthe lAMbA samaya sudhI saMbaMdha jALavI rAkhyo hato ane tethI phArasI bhASAne abhyAsa cAlu rAkhyo hato. Aje paNa dakSiNa gujarAtamAM pArasI bhAIbahene phArasIne abhyAsa kare che, paraMtu emAM thoDI oTa AvI che. pArasIoe lakhelA phArasI graMthane moTe bhAga dharma saMbaMdhI rivAyato vagerene che. I.sa. 1675 mAM evada dArAba hAramajhadiyAra bina kAmadIna keke bAda asandiyAranAmA" nAme eka phArasI kAvya lakhyuM hatuM, paraMtu sahuthI vadhu khyAtanAma to kissAe-saMjANuM che. enA lekhaka bahamana bina hamajha diyAra saMjaNA che. emaNe I.sa. 1600 nA arasAmAM A kAvya lakhyuM haze. pArasIo IrAna cheDI saMjANa AvI vasyA e prasaMganuM varNana emAM padyarUpe ApeluM che. gujarAtanA pArasI bhAIonI zarUAtanI tavArIkhI hakIkata jANavA mATe e padyagraMtha jarUrI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. e padyagraMthamAM 864 paMkti che. che. phIjha kAvasajI dAvara darzAve che ke e pustakanA lekhakane ItihAsanuM jJAna jhAjhuM na hatuM. AcArya zApurajI heramasajI heDIvALAe potAnA Studies in Parsi History mAM e pustakanuM talasparzI vivecana karyuM che. musilama lekhako gujarAtanA musalamAnanI mAtRbhASA gujarAtI hovA chatAM phArasI bhASA pratye emanuM kAraNa AkarSaNa rahetuM. gujarAtanI bahArathI AvI gujarAtane vatana banAvI rahenAra sAdhu-saMta-oliyAoe dharma sUphIvAda sadAcAra vaidyaka khagaLa jyotiSa ane dunyavI bAbato upara aneka graMtha lakhyA. gujarAtI

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324] mughala kAle [ga musalamAnee je ItihAsanA graMtha lakhyA che temAM "mirAte ahamadI ane mirAte sikaMdarInuM sthAna viziSTa che. gujarAtanA muslimo phArasI uparAMta arabIna paNa sArA vidvAna hatA. verA kemanA mullAMjI sAheba tathA emanA kuTuMbIo arabImAM niSNAta hatA. emanAM dhArmika ane nasIhatanAM pustaka moTe bhAge arabImAM lakhAyelAM che. gujarAtI muslimoe vividha viSayo para arabI-phArasImAM lakhelAM pustaka amadAvAda surata bharUca jUnAgaDha Adi pradezanA rAjyakartAo ke kAjIonAM pustakAlayomAM athavA sAdhusaM tenA khAnakAhAmAM sacavAI rahyAM che. ahIM emAMnA keTalAka khyAtanAma muslima lekhake ane emanI kRtione ullekha karIe. mIrajhA muhammada hasanaH "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhaka mIrajhA muhammada hasana (alI muhammadakhAna)nA pitA Isa. 1708 mAM emanI nimaNUka vAkeA nigAra tarIke thatAM amadAvAdamAM AvI vasyA. emanA mRtyu pachI, emanA putra, "mirAte ahamadI'nA lekhakane pitAne kAba maLyo ane emane kApaDa bajAranA amIna tarIke cAlu rAkhavAmAM AvyA. I.sa. 1746 mAM emane dIvAnane hedo ApavAmAM AvyuM, paraMtu I.sa. 1753 mAM rAghobA tathA dAmAjIrAve amadAvAda jItI lIdhuM tyAre e nimaNUka nAmanI banI rahI. A rIte e gujarAtane aMtima zAhI dIvAna bane. ene itihAsa 1761 nA pANIpatanA yuddha pachI aTakI jAya che. dilhInA bAdazAha ahamadazAhanA rAjya-amala daramyAna eNe lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM, tethI e graMthanuM nAma "mirAte ahamadI' rakhAyuM. lekhake e lakhavAmAM 14 varSone samaya (I.sa. 1748 thI I.sa. 1761) lIdho ane e lakhavAmAM eNe eka hiMdu kAyastha nAme mIThAlAla ke je gujarAtanA dIvAnanI kacerIne karmacArI hato tenI madada lIdhI hovAnuM e naidhe che. mIThAlAla daphatarakhAnAne vaMzaparaMparAgata sabavIsa hatA ane sarakArI daphatarethI saMpUrNapaNe vAkepha hato. lekhake potAne e itihAsa koI paNa jAtanA pUrvagraha ke taraphadArI sivAya lakhyo che. emAM keTalAka muslima sUbedArone paNa emanI jumI vartaNUka mATe vakhoDI kADhyA che. e mULa IrAnI khAnadAnane hatuM chatAM eNe gujarAtane pitAnuM vatana mAnyuM hatuM. enAM lakhANamAM ene gujarAta pratyeno prema ane gujarAtIo pratyenI sahAnubhUti vyakta thAya che.

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bhASA ane sAhitya [25 enA itihAsamAM bAdazAha akabarathI laIne muhammadazAha khIjAnA samaya sudhI lakhAyelAM ane gujarAtanA sUmedArA ke dIvAneAne mAkalAyelAM Azare doDha Dajhana kramAne samAveza thAya che. e dRSTie itihAsanA pustaka tarIke A mirAtanuM viziSTa sthAna che. paraMtu mirAtanI khAsa vizeSatA mirAta sAthe eNe joDelI khAtImAne kAraNe che. emAM gujarAta vize ghaNI kimatI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvelI che. *kSu'] saiyada sikaMdara : mirAte sikaMdarI'nA lekhaka sikaMdara ibna muhammada urphe marlR ibna akabara hatA.pa1 jahAMgIra tathA chatamAda-ud-daulA ene zekha sikaMdara' nAmathI oLakhe che. zekha sikaMdaranA pitA bAdazAha humAyU'nA hajUrI ane gra MthapAla tarIke gujarAtamAM AvyA hatA. saiyada mubAraka mukhArInA AdhyAtmika ziSya ane vizvAsu sAthIdAra tarIke enA nAme lekha thAya che. rauyada mubArakanA mRtyu pachI enA putra saiyada mirAtanI sevAmAM joDAyA. jyAre bAdazAha akabara prathama vAra gujarAtamAM AvyA tyAre e saiyada mirAtanA putra saiyada hamIdanI tAkarI karatA hatA. Isa. 1610 mAM e zAhI nAkarImAM joDAyA hatA. sikaMdare ghaNA vizvAsu gujarAtIe pAsethI vArtAo ane daMtakathArUpe mAhitI ekatra karI hatI. 'mirAte sika`darI' A mAhitI para AdhArita pustaka che. e I.sa. 1613 mAM, lekhakanI 58 varSanI uMmare. lakhAI pUruM thayuM. jahAMgIre pAte enI vizvasanIyatA neAMdhI che. zekha sikaMdare, tasavvuph upara'kAta-ula-ArephIna' nAmanuM pustaka paNa lakhyuM che, jenI eka ja prata prApya che. lekhake A pustakanI eka nakala jahAMgIranA vajIra RtimAda-ud-daulAne arpaNa karI hatI. jyAre jahAMgIra amadAvAda AvyA tyAre zaikha sika MdaranI havelInAM aMjIranI khyAtithI AkarSAI eNe enAM khAga tathA havelInI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI.para bAdazAha zAhajahAMnA samayamAM thaI gayela abdula latIpha gujarAtI lazkarakhAnIe paNa phArasI sAhityamAM noMdhapAtra phALe ApyA che, eNe maulAnA rUmanI masatavI upara eka taksIra lakhI che. enI prastAvanA ghaNI Ala kArika zailImAM lakhavAmAM AvI che. emAM eNe upamA tathA rUpakAneA chUTathI upayega karyo che. rasaiyada mahamada makabUla Alama H emane janma I.sa. 1581 mAM thaye hatA. emanI e kR ta ghaNI jANItI che : (1) jamaAte zAhiyA-e sAta

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326] mughala kAla vibhAganuM pustaka che. emAM daivI rahaye saMbaMdhamAM lakhavAmAM AvyuM che. (2) latAyaphe zAhiyA-emAM divase tathA rAtre khudAnI duA kevI rIte gujAravI e saMbaMdhI lekho ane ha. zAhaAlamanI ibAdata mATenAM sUtrono ullekha che.pa3 saiyada jAphara badde AlamaH emanA pitAnuM nAma saiyada jalIla hatuM. badde Alama emane IkkAba hato. teo amadAvAdanA vatanI hatA. hadIsa ane taphasIranA teo ucca koTinA vidvAna hatA. emanI kRtiomAM "raujhAte zAhIyA ghaNI jANItI che. e 24 bhAgamAM lakhAyelI che. enA 20 bhAgamAM mahAtmAonA jIvanavRttAMta che, bAkInA 4 bhAgamAM taphasIra hadIsa vagere bAbato lakhalI che. ema kahevAya che ke teo mAtra 18 pahera(24 kalAka)mAM AkhuM "kurAna zarIpha lakhI zakatA. emanA lakhANano namUno che. pIra muhammadazAhanI daragAhanA kitAbakhAnAmAM mojUda che. "mirAte ahamadI'ne lekhaka e pustakanI ghaNI madada le che. emanI bIjI kitAba "AmAle zAhiyA" I.sa. 1751 mAM lakhAyelI che, enI eka hastaprata bharUcanA kAjhI sAhebanA kitAbakhAnAmAM mojUda che. emanI eka bIjI kRti "sada hikAyate zAhI mAM ha. kubeAlama tathA ha. zAhaAlamanI karAmatane ahevAla che. saiyada mahamada abula majada mahabe Alama H teo upayukta saiyada jAphara badde AlamananA putra hatA. "abula majada' emanI duniyata ane "mahabUmAM Alama' emane IlkAba hatuM. teo zAhajahAMnA samayamAM thayA. teo paNa pitAnI mAphaka eka mahAna saMta hatA. teo pitAne badho samaya khudAnI ibAdatamAM gALatA. emaNe "ahale bayata'54nI rivAyatonA AdhAre phArasI jabAnamAM kurAna zarIphanI taphasIra lakhI che. uparAMta "jhInata ulU kAta" ane "mizakAta ulu masAnubIha' nAmanA graMtha upara paNa TIkA lakhI che. e uparAMta bamazaka ula anavAra' nAmanA arabI graMthane phArasImAM tarajumo paNa karyo che. teo hi.saM. 1112(I.sa. 1701)mAM avasAna pAmyA. maulAnA zekha muhammada nUddIna : emane janma I.sa. 1650mAM amadAvAdamAM thayo hato. emanA pitAnuM nAma zekha muhammada sAleha hatuM. emanI samajazakti bacapaNathI ja khUba tIvra hatI. e pitAnA samayanA amadAvAdanA sarvazreSTha vidvAna hatA AthI zekhUla islAma muhammada ikrAmuddIne eka lAkha covIsa hajAra rUpiyAnA kharce eka madresA, chAtrAlaya ane majida taiyAra karAvI emane soMpyAM hatAM. enAM khaMDera Aja paNa AstaDiyAmAM mejUda

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bhASA ane sAhitya [327 che.55 emaNe racelA graMthanI saMkhyA 170nI gaNAya che. emAM meTA bhAganI arabI kitAbo che. sUphIvAda upara emaNe ghaNuM graMtha lakhyA che. emanI kurAna zarIpha uparanI taphasIra sauthI vadhu mazahUra che. e AkhI nathI. e sATha hajAra etanI TIkA hoya ema manAya che. teo I.sa. 1742mAM mRtyu pAmyA. emanI kabara Aja paNa amadAvAdanA AstoDiyA mahollAmAM majida ane masAnI najIka mejUda che. - kAjhI muhammada nijhAmuddIna khAnaH emanA pitAnuM nAma zekha nUrUddIna hatuM. bacapaNathI ja teo vidyAvyAsaMgI hatA ane kurAna kaMThastha karanAra hAphijapa paNa hatA. teo zAyara paNa hatA. I.sa. 1738 mAM dilhInA bAdazAhe amadAvAdanA zahera-kAjhI tarIke emanI nimaNUka karI. emanA racelA graMthomAM "risAe phajhIlate ibha, "majhAnusa sAatI, "risAlAe kahavA" ane "taphasIla uluM phasUla" mukhya che. "taphasIla ulU rasUlamAM RtuonuM varNana che. "risAlae kahavAmAM kAvo pIvAnA phAyadA-geraphAyadA vizene pheMsale eka kAjI tarIke emaNe Apyo che. "majhAnusa sAtamAM kalAka ghaDI ane paLane hisAba karI namAjhano samaya batAvavAmAM Avela che. i.sa. 1751 mAM emanuM avasAna thayuM. kAjhI nijhAmuddIna phAyaka: dilhInA bAdazAhe I.sa. 1738 mAM emanI nimaNUka amadAvAdanA kAjhI tarIke karI hatI. teo uparyukta kAjhI nijhAmuddInathI bhinna hatA ke abhinna e eka prazna che. kAjhI tarIkenI temanI nimaNUkanuM varSa ane emanA mRtyunI sAla baMne eka ja ApavAmAM AvI che, uparAMta banenA pitAnuM nAma paNa eka ja che. AthI e baMne eka ja vyakti hovAnuM jaNAya che, ema chatAM emanI kRtio judA ja svarUpanI ane alaga batAvavAmAM AvI che. kAjhI phAyake "mirAta-ulU-husna" (sauMdaryanI ArasI) nAmanuM kAvya lakhyuM che. emAM mAthAthI paga sudhI eka mAkanAM avayanuM varNana che. emanI bIjI kRti "tArIkhe rehalate molAnA na donache. emAM teoe pitAnA pitAnA mRtyu saMbaMdhI lakhyuM che. meharI : bAdazAhabAna nUrajahAMe ene pALIpoSIne moTI karI hatI. e eka kavayitrI hatI. eNe paNa nakhazikha varNane svarUpanI eka masanavI lakhI che. e masanavInuM nAma "sarApA e meharI' che. maulAnA ahamada bina sulemAna : jJAnanI lagabhaga badhI ja zAkhAomAM e pAraMgata hatA. emaNe "phayujha ul kursa' nAmano eka dhArmika graMtha

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329] mughala kAla [>> lakhyA che. e daivI preraNA ane sahAyathI lakhAyA hoya ema manAya che. emanuM mRtyu I.sa. 1691 mAM thayuM. " ' zAhu bhUkhamiyAM ciztI : amadAvAdamAM te khUbamiyAM ' nAmathI oLakhAtA. emanI e mazahUra kRtienAM nAma 'avAje khUkhI' ane khUba taraMga' che. teoe 'jAme jahAMnumA' para saraha paNa lakhI che. e badhI kRtie sUphIvAda upara che. A traNenI harataprateA ha. pIra muhammadazAhanI daragAhanA kitAbakhAnAmAM meAjUda che. emaNe e uparAMta ' akIdate kriyA ' * khulAsaye mavajUdAta' ane 'risAlaye sulahekula' paNa lakhyAM che. I.sa. 1614 mAM emanu avasAna thayuM. emanI kakhara amadAvAdamAM kArijanI sAme hatulamulkanI masjida najIka che, tyAM dara varSe usa UjavAya che. e masjida atyAre zAhakhUbanI masjida'nA nAmathI oLakhAya che. ' 6 ' . ha. pIra muhammadazAhu : te peAtAnI bharajuvAnImAM amadAvAdamAM AvyA, rahyA ane tyAM ja avasAna pAmyA. emanI 'nUrUza zusukha' nAmanI kitAba dhaNI mazahUra che. emAM muzi`o ane murIdenA silasilA najhamamAM lakhyA che; jevA ke milAte zarapha' milAte sanada' pIranAmA' vagere, 'nUrUz zusukha' A badhAne saMgraha che. A graMtha I.sa. 1727 mAM pUrA thayA. emanuM eka phArasI dIvAna che. emAM ihAma muammA ane gajhalA paNa che. emanu eka urdU dIvAna paNa che. AmAM meTA bhAge marasiyA ane gajhala che. uparAMta 'kullAha' nAmanI kitAba paNa emaNe dakSiNI urdUmAM lakhI che. A tamAma kitAkhe| tasavvuDhDha ane nasIhatAthI bharelI che. I.sa. 1749 mAM emanuM avasAna thayuM. emane salAhuddInanI havelI pAse daphanAvavAmAM AvyA che. tyAM emanA murIdee eka AlizAna ghUmaTavALA makabarA banAvarAvyA che. ane eka masjida tathA bagIcA taiyAra karAvI enI sAthe sAmela karyAM che. emAM eka kitAbakhAnuM paNa che, jemAM ghaNI hastalikhita kitAonA saMgraha che, mIra rUhullA bharUcI : bAdazAha akabaranA pharamAnathI emaNe vaidyakanA eka graMtha nAme 'vAyeda ulU insAna' padyamAM lakhyA che. bAdazAha jahAMgIranI egamane maMdavADamAMthI sAjI karavAne kAraNe teone bharUca jillAnuM eka gAma inAmamAM maLyuM hatuM. >" emanA eka nabIrA nAme saiyada rUhullA sAnIe ' larjIta ul hayAta nAmane yunAnI vaidyakanA graMtha lakhyA che,

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muM] bhASA ane sAhitya [329 muhammada latIpha valade muhammada alI bharUcI : bharUcanA vatanI hatA. emaNe "mirAta ul hindI nAme graMtha lakhe che. emAM gujarAtanA pradezo paragaNuM Upaja vahIvaTa vagerenI mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. gujarAtanA vahANavaTA aMgenI hakIkta paNa emAM che. uparAMta bharUcano kille tathA narmadA nadInI -tArIpha padyamAM karI che. e pustaka zAhajahAMnA samayamAM lakhAyuM hatuM. nAsiruddIna muhammadaH eNe "dAstAne baherAma gera' nAmanI kitAba lakhI che. enI eka nakala kAma iTinA graMthAlayamAM che. kamAla saphI husena pharejhI bharUcI : eNe hi.saM. 1089 (I.sa. 1678)mAM "majhahara ul haka pha bayAne ibAdata usa samA" nAmane dhArmika graMtha lakhyo che. enI eka nakala muMbaInA jAme masjida kitAbakhAnAmAM che. | ha zAha vahuddIna alavIpa8 : teo arabI-phArasInA jANItA vidvAna ane saMta puruSa hatA. emaNe "zara risAlaye kesa" nAmanuM khagoLavidyAnuM eka pustaka, "zaraNe jAme jahAMnumA" tathA "dIvAne vaha" vagere lakhyAM che. teonuM "bayajhAvI zareha nAme pustaka arabImAM che. uparAMta hakIkate mohamadI' nAmanI emanI kRti paNa jANItI che." saiyada abdula maleka bina saiyada muhammada : emaNe ha. zAha vajIhuddIna alavI gujarAtIne vRttAMta Alekhe che. e kliAbanuM nAma "mala kabIrI' che. zekha muhammada sAleha udde pIrabAbA H teo amadAvAdanA vatanI hatA. emanuM takhallusa 'IraphAna hatuM. emaNe "nUra ulU IraphAna" nAmanuM pustaka lakhyuM che. emAM amadAvAdanI eka prakhyAta "masA hidAyatabakSInI tArIpha karelI che. emanuM bIjuM pustaka tohaphata ulU IraphAna" che. emAM ghoDAonI hiphAjata kema karavI e mATe 40 hadIsa ApI che. alabatta, e asala arabI graMthana phArasI tarajumo che. saiyada hasana uphe zekha hasanajI suratI : emaNe ha. pegaMbara sAhebanI tArIphamAM eka dIvAna lakhyuM che. enuM nAma dIvAna dara madaha saravare kAyanAta (sa. a)" hatuM. e uparAMta emanI stutimAM "kasAyade be nuktA dara madahe janAba rasUla allAha(sa. a)" lakhyuM che. emAMnAM badhAM stuti-kAvyomAM nuktA vagaranA akSarothI banelA zabda ja vAparyA che. e uparAMta teoe "khamasA manajhuma" ane "hisAbace hajhAra beta manama' paNa lakhyAM che.

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330] mughala kAla [pra. zekha hAmida bina zekha abdula majIda bina zekha ahamada teo amadAvAdamAM janmyA hatA. zarUAtamAM teo amadAvAdamAM rahetA, paraMtu I.sa. 1640 mAM teo surata rahevA gayA ane tyAMnA khyAtanAma vepArI banyA. teo vidyA premI hatA. emanA eka graMtha "risAlae hAbhidiyA' suratanA bamyumiyAna kitAbakhAnAmAM mojUda che. teo I.sa. 1701 mAM suratamAM mRtyu pAmyA, ane emanA zabane tyAM ja daphanAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM." zekha muhammada phAjhela : teo hAmida uDUtutijajaranA putra hatA. emane janma suratamAM thayo hato. auraMgajhebanA pharamAnathI emane emanA pitAne vAraso ane IlkAba baMne maLyAM. teo dara varSe jakAta(kamANA)nI seMkaDe rA TakA rakamanI kherAta tarIke rU. 60,000 vAparatA. emaNe 4,000 kitAbene saMgraha karI eka kitAbakhAnuM vasAvyuM hatuM. emanA ejanTo dareka zaheramAM pharI nAmI kitAbanI nakale karAvI emane mekalatA. teoe pote paNa keTalIka kitAba lakhI che, jemAM "nasIhatusa sigAra" ane "hidAyatuluM miskIna' phArasImAM lakhelI che. bAkInI arabImAM lakhI che. arabI kitAbomAM moInud phajhAI', "zaraNe zamAIla, hAziyAye durara', hijhabulU mahabara, vagere jANItI che. teo kavi paNa hatA. arabI phArasI urdU ane gujarAtImAM paNa emanI zera mojUda che. zekha yajha muhammada : teo amadAvAdanA vatanI hatA. emanA samaya daramyAna akabara pAdazAhe, zAha abu turAba zIrAjhIne hAjIonA mIra hAjI banAvI makkA zarIpha mokalyA hatA. pAchA pharatA mIra sAheba ha. muhammada(sala.)nA kadamanuM nizAna sAthe lAvyA hatA. zekha muhammade enA upara eka risAlA lakhyo che. emAM emaNe zarIpha kadama ane enI barakata upara saMpUrNa ahevAla lakhyo che. e risAlAnuM nAma "risAlaA karamiyA" che. e kitAba Aje aprApya che. valI gujarAtI : mughala darabAra tathA enA sUbAonI rAjabhASA phArasI heI mughala bAdazAhanA samaya daramyAna urdU bhASAnA udbhava ane vikAsanI tako maryAdita hatI. ema chatAM mughala rAjyazAsananAM aMtima varSomAM urdU dilhI darabAra sudhI pahoMcI gaI hatI. auraMgajhebane samaya e bAbatamAM nedhapAtra gaNI zakAya. jeke e samaya daramyAna urdU rekhAnI sthitimAM ja hatI, ema chatAM enuM svarUpa spaSTa thatuM jatuM hatuM. samayanA keTalAka phArasI kavioe zuddha rekhAmAM kAvya lakhyAM che. e uparAMta ardha phArasI-ardha rekhtA lakhavAnuM calaNa paNa hatuM.'

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9muM bhASA ane sAhitya [ 33 mughala samaya daramyAna urdU sAhityanuM kheDANa nahivata thayuM che, ema chatAM eke hajArAM jevA valI gujarAtIe urdU sAhityamAM Apelo phALo gujarAte. gaurava levA jevo che. valI gujarAtIne urdU sAhityane cesara kahI zakAya. Adhunika urdU sAhityanI buniyAda eNe nAkhI. urdU sAhityanA ghaNA vivecake ema mAne che ke urdU sAhityanuM sau prathama dIvAna emaNe lakhyuM hatuM, paraMtu zrI rAmabAbU. sakasenAnA mata pramANe kutubazAhI urdu kavioe emanI pahelAM urdU dIvAna lakhyAM che, ema chatAM zrI saksenA teone urdU sAhityanA cesara gaNAve che. valInA samakAlInee tathA emanA anugAmI kavioe emane pitAnA ustAda mAnyA che. viliyama hArTa, gArasana DI TAsI ane amIra hasananA mata pramANe valI. janma amadAvAdamAM thayo hato. unA ghaNA vivecako ane ItihAsakAro emane saMbaMdha amadAvAdanA zAha vahuddIna alavIne khAnadAna sAthe joDe che. valIe zAha alavInI madresAmAM zikSaNa meLavyA pachI zAyarI zarU karI. emaNe gajhala kasIda manavI mustajhAda rUbAIyAta tarajahabaMda vagere tamAma prakAranAM kAvyarUpomAM kavitA lakhI che. emaNe zAha vajIhuddInanI prazaMsAmAM. keTalIka kasadAo ane tarachaThabaMda tathA surata zaheranI prazaMsAmAM eka mAsanavI. kAvya lakhyuM che. valIe dilhInI be saphara karelI. bIjI saphara vakhate teo pitAnuM rekhtA dIvAna sAthe laI gayA tenI khUba prazaMsA thaI, te eTale sudhI ke amIra umarAvonI mahephile ane jalasAomAM tathA zaheranI galI-galImA emanAM kAvya. lekajIbhe ramavA lAgyAM. emanAM kAvyomAM karabalAnA zahIdonI zAnamAM lakhAyela deha majalisa" eka masanI mukhya che. valIe dIvAna uparAMta tasavvapha upara paNa "nUra ul maAriphata" nAme eka risAlA lakhyo hato, paraMtu hAla e upalabdha nathI. valIe kadI koI amIra ke pAdazAhanI prazaMsAmAM kAvya lakhyAM nathI. emaNe phArasImAM paNa kAvya lakhyAM che. emanI bhASA sAdI, saraLa chatAM mIThAza ane saMgItamayatAnAM jagaharathI bharelI che.

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332] mughala kAla. [. A rIte, gujarAtamAM arabI phArasI ane urdUmAM ghaNuM sAhitya, gujarAtI hiMdu muslima ane pArasI vidvAno dvArA sarjAyuM che. phArasImAM gadyapadyanAM lagabhaga badhAM ja svarUpanuM kheDANa teo dvArA thayuM che. arabI graMthe moTe bhAge te muslima saMtamahAtmA dvArA lakhAyela che ane emanuM viSayavastu sAdhAraNataH dhArmika ke sUphIvAdanuM rahyuM che. urdUnA vikAsa mATe mughala samayamAM pUrate avakAza na hato ema chanAM valI gujarAtI jevA mahAnubhAve urdU sAhityanuM kheDANa karyuM che. pAdaTIpo 1. ke. kA. zAstrI, gujarAtI bhASAne vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAsvarUpa', 5, 105-108 2. gujarAtI hastaprata 328 (gujarAta vidyAsabhA saMgraha); premAnaMda vize maLelI mAhitIne 1. AdhAre. 3. vinaya, vinayagmti-jA, 21, go. 10-12 4. juo "vasatarAgArTIvA, maMgalAcaraNuM. 5. zatruMjaya para AdinAtha maMdirane hemavijayagaNie vi.saM. 1950 mAM racelo prazasti-lekha prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, lekha 12, lo. 17-18 5. Badauni, Muntkhab-ut-Tawarikh (Eng. tran.) by G. S. A. Rank ing, p. 321 7. "kSatriAcAryathAsaMgha, pR. 210, mo. rUpa-27 8. emanI sAhityasevA saMbaMdhe vistArathI jANavA mATe juo mo. da. desAI, "kavivara samayasuMdara jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaMDa 2, aMka 3-4tathA "yugapradhAna jinacaMdrasUri, pR. 168. 9. juo mo. da. desAI, "jaina sAhityane saMkSipta ItihAsa (jai. sA. saM. I.)," | pR. 553, TippA naM 494. 10. juo saM. che. zAdu, jaina sAhitya vRt kRtihAsa', mA. 5, p. 2. 11. juo "kvArzvanAthamAkhya mathya', prastAvanA 1ra "mAnurita', a , ko. 201 13. mo. ka. desAI, je. sA. saM. I, pR. 555, Ti. 14. bAvIsamutha, mAM. 1, 6, 86 15. juo "vijJapti-vasaMghara', pR. 11-158.

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'* bhu bhASA ane sAhitya [ 333. 11. ejana, pR. 137-150 17. ejana, pR. 89-97; / 'kAvyamAlA', guccha 14. 18. 'vijJaptitriveNI' kI prastAvanAmA sAno pazyiya Alo cha. 19. 'vijJapti-lekhasaMgraha', pR. 137-150 20. DI. 2. paDiyA, 'haina saMta saahityn| tihAsa', - 1. 2, pR. 292 21. 'vijJaptilekhasaMgraha', pR. 126-128 22. ejana, pR. 177-178 23. ejana, pR. 205-208 24. aijana, pR. 209-213 25. ejana, pR. 107-113 29. ejana, pR. 202-204 27. ejana, pR. 172-176 28. ejana, pR. 185-189 28. ejana, pR. 195-198 30. ejana, pR. 159-161 31, ejana, pR. 179-181 32. A hitarucie saM. 1702 mAM "nalacaritra' racyuM che. 33. bhA. hai. isA, . sA. sa. 6.', 5. 631 34. vizeSa viveyana bhATa se| ma. pra. zAha, digvijayamahAkAvya'nI prastAvanA bhane. agaracaMda nAhaTA, 'mahAkavi meghavijaya aura unake graMtha', "nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA", varSa 55, aMka 4. 35. 'vijJapti-lekhasaMgraha', pR. 199-201 3. ejana, pR. 129-136 37. ejana, pR. 114-119 38. ejana, pR. 151-154 36. ejana, pR. 166-171 40. ejana, pR. 190-194 41. aM. pre. zAha, 'jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa', bhA. 5, pR. 177 42. sumo vijJapti-lekhasaMgraha', pR. 214-216. 43. AdhAra mATe juo A prakaraNanI saMdarbhasUci 44. M. S. Commissariat, A History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 562 45. choTubhAI ra. nAyaka, "gujarAtanA nAgaronuM phArasI bhASA ane sAhityanuM kheDANa, 5. 34 49. 3. choTumA 2. nAyaanA pitAnu nAma mAdhavAsa mApe cha (uparyu, pR. 31).. 47. saiyada ma dukhA, ' adabiyAte phArasI meM hinduoMkA hissA', aMjUmana tarakI e. dehalI, 1942, pR. 58

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334] mughala kAla 48. kRNalAla mo. jhaverI, gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMtha', pR. 12 49. ejana, , 69 50. ejana, pR. 57 5e. ejana, pR. 53 41. M. L. Rahman, Persian Literature in Inaia during the Time of Jahangir and Shah Jahun, p. 124 f. 42. M. S. Commissariat, op.cit., p. 64 53. ku. mo. jhaverI, uparyukta, pR. 88 54. "ahale bayata'-ha. muhammada(sala.)nI putrI phAtimA, ha. alI ane emanA parivAra mATe vaparAya che. "ahale bayate" eTale gharanAM mANasa. 55. ku. mo. jhaverI, uparyukta, pR. 89 56. ejana, 5. 29 57. AkhuM kurAne zarIpha kaMThastha karanArane "hAphijha' kahe che. 58. ha. alI (radI) ane ha. phAtimA (radI) sAhebanAM saMtAna "alavI" kahevAya. alavI zabdamAM ja mULa puruSa ha. alI (radI) sAhebanA nAmane saMketa spaSTa thAya che. 59. anya pustakonI vigata mATe juo caMdra paramAra, "ha. vajIhuddIna zAha gujarAtI (raha)', pR. 68. 60. ku. mo. jhaverI, uparyukta, pR. 73 61. nU phula hasana anasArI, rasI va va sa mojazeva, pR. 21 62. paraMtu zrI sarasenA teo auraMgAbAdamAM janmyA hatA ema mAne che. puravaNI ge. puruSottamajI (I.sa. 1658-1754 aMdAje) - zuddhAdvaita vedAMta ane puSTimArganA dArzanika vidvAna AcArya ge. puruSatamajIne janma te gokula(ji. mathurA)mAM thayo hato. paraMtu e bahu nAnI vaye vallabha saMpradAyamAM chaThThI gAdI tarIke gaNutA suratanA zrI bALakRSNalAlajI ThAkorajInA maMdiranA tilakAyata zrI vrajarAyajInI gede dattaka AvelA. emaNe ucca keTinI vidattA prApta karI bhAratavarSane aneka vAra pravAsa karyo hato. saMpradAyamAM emanI vidattAne kAraNe aneka vidvAne sAthe zAstrArtho ane carcAvicAraNAo karI hovAthI emane dazadigaMtavijayI' evuM biruda apAyuM che. zrI vallabhAcAryajI ane emanA putra zrI viThThalanAthajInA graMtha upara vizada TIkAo uparAMta saMkhyAbaMdha maulika vAda graMthanI racanAo jANavAmAM AvI che. emanA dIrghajIvanamAM navalAkha zlekapUra TIkAo temaja svataMtra vAdagraMthanI racanAo karyAnuM pracalita

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9 muM ] bhASA ane sAhitya [335 che. emanuM keTaluMka mahatvanuM sAhitya zivAjInI suratanI luTo vakhate baLI gayAnuM kahevAmAM Ave che. emanA TIkA graMthomAM zrI vallabhAcArya( viThThalanAthajI)nA 1. brahmasUtrANubhASyano prakAza, 2. tatvArthadIpanibaMdha uparano AvaraNabhaMga, 3. pUrvamImAMsAkArikA vivaraNa, 4. pUrvamImAMsAnA bhAvArthapAdana bhASyanuM vivaraNa, . 5. gAyayarthaprakAzakArikA vivaraNa, 6. patrAvalaMbananI TIkA, 7 bhAgavata subodhinI TIkAne prakAza, 8. nyAsAdeza-vivaraNa ane 9-21. SaDaza graMthamAMnA 13 graMthe uparanI TIkA (bAkInA traNanI alabhya); zrI viThThalanAthajInAM 22. viThabhaMDana upara "suvarNasUtra' TIkA, 23. bhaktihaMsanI TIkA, 24. bhaktietanirNayanI TIkA, 25. vallabhASTaka TIkA, upaniSadonI 26 thI 31. kevalya-brahma-nRsiMhatApanImAMDUka-chAMdogya-zvetAzvataranI dIpikAe; brahmasUtranI 32-adhikaraNamAlA ane 33. svataMtra bhAva prakAza-vRtti. svataMtra graMthomAM 34. usavapratAna 35. kAvya zuddhi, 36 thI 59. avatAravAdAvalinA aMga 24 vAdagraMtha (ATalA maLyA che. bIjA naSTa thayA che ) ane 60. prasthAnaratnAkara (uccakoTine dArzanika graMthaapUrNa). emanA brahmasUtrANubhASyanA prakAza nI e viziSTatA che ke pratyeka adhikaraNa pUruM thatAM tyAM zrI zaMkarAcArya vagere bhinna bhinna bhASyakAronA tattaSiyaka mata noMdhI pachI chello zrI vallabhAcAryano mata ne che. emanI moTA bhAganI lekhana pravRtti suratamAM thaI hatI. emanA ja hastAkSaramAM keTalIka racanAo sacavAI rahelI maLI che. * * zrI puruSottamajI', "puSTi bhakti sudhA" mAsika, varSa 5 (aMka 3), pR. 45-58; ramezabhAI vi. parIkha, zrI puruSottamajI', pR. 30-67; na. de. mahetA, 'hiMda tattvajJAnane itihAsa', pR. 557-58

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prakaraNa 10 lipi muddala kAlamAM agAunI jema hastaprateA abhilekhA khatapatro vageremAM mukhyatve nAgarI ane arakhI lipiene vyApaka prayeAga cAlu rahyo, paNa have emanI sAtheAsAtha gujarAtI lipi umerAI, 1. nAgarI lipi prastuta kAlanI nAgarInuM svarUpa paTTa 1 mAM darzAvyu` che. emAM pahelA UbhA khAnAmAM arvAcIna nAgarI marADa ApyA che, pachI bIjA khAnAmAM 16 mI sadInA uttarAdhanA, trIjA khAnAmAM 17 mI sadInA ane ceAthA khAnAmAM 18 mI. sadInA pUrvInA abhilekhe ane hastaprateAmAM prayeAjAyela mULAkSara ane aMka cihanA gAThavyAM che. vaLI paTTa 32 mA nAgarI aMtagata svaracihnonA ane saMyukta vyaMjanAnA mareADanA namUnA paNa alaga ApyA che. svarAmAM 6 nA khALabheAdha mareADa nahi, paNa agAu devanAgarI mADa prayeAjAya che. nA prayAga maLyA nathI tethI enuM svarUpa jANavAmAM AvyuM nathI. ne kevaLa prAdezika marADa prayeAjAyA che. bAkInA mULAkSaro paikI o, bau ane ma sivAyanA badhA emanA arvAcIna svarUpane pAmelA jovA maLe che. A mULAkSarAnI bAbatamAM keTalIka noMdhapAtra vizeSatAo jovA maLe che : a ane bA nuM svarUpa prAcIna vikasita devanAgarI svarUpa che, jemAM koI kAI vAr prAcona marADa (jemake trIjA khAnAneA mareDa) paNa dekhA de che. nA' pUrNa vikasita bharADanI sAme eneA prAcIna mareADa ( jemake bIjA khAnAme pahelA mareDa, chellA khAnAnA bIjo marADa) paNa sugamatAne laIne prayeAjAve! cAlu rahyo che. A prAcIna mareADa jaina lakhANAmAM sArvatrika ane jainetara lakhANAmAM kavacit prayAjAyA che. hU~ nA marADa vikasita svarUpe prayeAjAya che; joke bIjA khAnAneA khIjo mareADa vilakSaNu che. jemAM rU nA cihna sAthe aMtagata hU~ nu (dItAsUcaka) cihna prayeAyuM che. nA bIjA' khAnAnA khIje marADa paNa vilakSaNu che. emAM svaranA gujarAtI mADamAM jamaNI bAjue

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10 muM : laMbAvAtA cheDAmAM nIcenA bhAgamAM dIrghatAyaka cidana prayojAyuM che. A baMne vilakSaNa mareDa sojitrAnA vi.saM. 1683 (I.sa. 1927)nA abhilekhamAM prayojAyA che. A lekhanI bhASA gujarAtI ane lipi nAgarI che ne saltanata kAlamAM vikaselo maroDa sarvatra prayojAte najare paDe che. jo ane zaunAM prAcIna svataMtra cihna prastuta kAlanA aMta sudhI prajAtAM hovAnuM jaNAya che. | vyaMjanomAM ne prAcIna maraDa 16 mI sadI sudhI vizeSa pracalita rahyo (jemake bIjA khAnAno pahele mareDa), paNa dhIme dhIme enA pUrNa vikasita maroDane pravega jainetara temaja jaina lakhANomAM vyApaka banato gayo ane prAcIna maroDa dhIme dhIme lupta thaI gayo. evI rIte na mAM baneluM jovA maLe che. gujarAtI bhASAnAM paNa nAgarI lipimAM lakhAyelAM keTalAMka lakhANomAM jyAM huM prajavAno hoya tyAM ja paNa prayojAyo che. che ne prAcIna maroDa jemake bIjAkhAnAne bIje maroDa ane trIjA khAnAne maroDa) jaina temaja koI kaI jainetara lakhANamAM prayojAyo che, paNa 17mI sadIthI A prAcIna svarUpa kevaLa jaina lakhANo pUratuM sImita bane che. zuM nAM atyAre be svarUpa pracalita che temAMnuM eka paNa svarU5 gujarAtamAM A samaye prayojAtuM hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI, paNa ene badale lAMbA samayathI jaina lipimAM pracalita prAdezika svarUpa vyApakapaNe pracalita baneluM jaNAya che. A svarUpamAMthI A varNana gujarAtI mareDa ghaDAya che. huM nuM prAdezika svarUpa jenetara lakhANamAM kavacita prayojAyuM che, paNa jaina lakhANamAM pracalita maroDanI sAthe sAthe ene chUTathI upayoga thayo che, eTaluM ja nahi, jaina lakhANamAM pahelA maroDanI apekSAe enuM vaparAza-pramANa vadhyuM che. cha nAM baMne svarUpa prayojAyAM che, paNa agAunI jema hajI devanAgarI svarUpanuM ja bAhulya najare paDe che. 5 para 17 mI sadIthI jainetara lakhANomAM zirorekhAne prayoga thato jovA maLe che. jyAre jene lakhANamAM eno abhAva varatAya che. ma nAM agAu cAlyAM AvatAM baMne vaikalpika svarUpano ahIM aMzataH vikAsa thayela najare paDe che, paNa baMne svarUpa hajI tenA arvAcIna svarUpane pAmyAM nathI. 3 nAM baMne vaikalpika svarUpamAM DAbA aMganI vaLAMkavALI rekhAne cAlu kalame joDavAne badale alaga alaga karIne joDI che. AthI A maraDa zirorekhAne bAda karatAM enA gujarAtI svarUpa jevo bane che. A vyaMjananA pahelA svarUpane prayoga 15 mI sadIthI jaina temaja jainetara lakhANamAM vyApaka banavA lAgyo hato ane 16 mI Iti-6-22

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328] mughala kAla [pra. sadIthI te e jaina ane jainetara lakhANamAM A ja svarUpe prayojAya che. jaina lipimAM te A svarUpa adyaparyata prayojAya che. za nAM vaikalpika svarUpe paikI bhIMDAvALA svarUpane badale bIjuM vaikalpika svarUpa (4) jenera ane jaina baMne lakhANamAM vyApakapaNe prayojAyuM che. | mughalakAlIna 1 ane 2 sivAyanAM badhAM aMkacihna tenA vartamAna nAgarI svarUpe prayojAyAM che, joke emAM kayAMka kyAMka gujarAtI aMkacihnone maLatA AvatA mareDa paNa prajAyA che unA aMkanuM agAu vikaseluM gujarAtI pane maLatuM svarUpa ahIM badhe vakhata pracalita rahyuM che. che ne aMka paNa devanAgarI svarUpe prajAvo cAlu rahyo che. aMtargata svaracihnonI bAbatamAM haju kyAMka kyAMka prAcIna paddhatio jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. aMtargata 3 ane DuMnAM cihna agAunI jema varNanI zirorekhAthI alaga rakhAtAM; jemake, paTTa 34 mAM vi ane tenA maroDa, paNa satanata kAlathI keTalIka vAra zirorekhAe svaracihnone sparza kare tema ene laMbAvavAmAM AvatI. prastuta kAlamAM A bIjuM valaNa vadhavA pAmyuM jaNAya che, paNa hajI aMtargata svaracihno sAthe saMkaLAtI e zirorekhA e aMtargata svaracihnanI rakhAne (UbhA daMDane) kApIne bIjI bAjue (Aje bahAra nIkaLe che tema) bahAra nIkaLatI nathI; jemake phiza ane TI nA maTeDa. sAthe aMtargata 3 ane aMtargata nAM cilDrana prayojatI vakhate kavacit UMdhA cagaDAvALo maroDa prayojAto (jemake zra ane zra). paDamAtrAtmaka aMtargata 9 ne prayoga have ghaTatuM jAya che ane enuM sthAna zirAmAtrA letI jAya che. nI Te zirorekhA karavAno cAla nizcitapaNe zarU thayo tyAM sudhI ene aMtargata svaracihna agAunI mAphaka joDAtAM cAlu rahyAM; jemake, de mAM. paNa gha nI jamaNI Toce zirorekhA thatAM tenI sAthe aMtargata svaracihna niyamita paNe svAbhAvika rIte prajAvA lAge. dA.ta. dhi mAM. meTA bhAganA saMyukta vyaMjana A kAlamAM vikAsa pAmIne arvAcIna tabakake pahoMcyA hovAnuM jovA maLe che, ema chatAM keTalAka hajI teonA prAcIna svarUpe prayojAtA rahyA che, jema ke 4 mAM baMnene uparanIce joDavA che. mAM agAuthI cAlI AvatI paddhati mujaba pUrva ra nI nIce uttara = joDavAmAM Avyo che. jJa mAM vikasita mareDanI tulanAe prAcIna maroDa vizeSa prajAya che. 34 mAM paNa prAcIna paddhati mujaba pUrva ne DAbA aMgamAM nIcalA cheDA sAthe uttara nA DAbA aMgane ekAkAra karyuM che. AmAM uttara nuM kada nAnuM

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10 mu) lipi [339 rakhAyuM che. pUrva ta sAthenA saMyukta vyaMjanomAM agAunI jema meTe bhAge teno maroDa uttara vyaMjananA DAbA avayavanI upara lakhAyo che, jemake, 7 ane tyA mAM. emAM paNa pUrva ta nA be jAtanA maroDa prayojAyA che (jemake paTTa a mAM emanA mareDa). 2 mAM enuM arvAcIna svarUpa najare paDe che. pUrva sAthenA saMyukta vyaMjane mAM nuM svarUpa bahudhA saMkula rakhAyuM che, jemake ane nA maroDa. uttara ca nI bAbatamAM pUrva vyaMjananI apekSAe thanuM kada moTuM karavAnuM cAlyuM AvatuM valaNa 17mI sadI sudhI jaLavAyeluM jaNAya che; jemake sva, suit ane prAcIna paddhati ane svarUpa jALavI rAkhatA saMyukta vyaMjana che. (2) gujarAtI lipi agAunA graMthamAM joyuM che tema brAhmI lipimAM thayelAM uttarottara pari. vatanemAMthI gujarAtamAM navamA zatakamAM nAgarI lipinuM svarUpa ghaDAvA lAgyuM hatuM. 15mA zataka sudhImAM to nAgarIe enI vartamAna avasthA lagabhaga prApta karI lIdhI hatI. nAgarI lipi aTapaTA khAMcAkhacakAvALI hovAthI amuka anya pradezonI jema gujarAtamAM paNa enuM eka lekhana-sulabha rUpa vikAsa pAmyuM.' nAgarIne saraLatAthI ane tvarAthI lakhavA mATe enI lekhana-zailImAM keTalAka pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA, jemAMthI sahajapaNe gujarAtI lipinuM viziSTa rUpa ghaDAyuM. Aje jene gujarAtI lipi' kahevAmAM Ave che tene agAu "gurjara lipi, vANiyAzAI lipi' (vepArI-vANiyAoe hisAbakitAbamAM prayojelI lipi), mahAjana lipi7 (vepArI mahAjoe apanAvelI lipi) vagere nAme oLakhavAmAM AvatI. 16 mI sadInA vimalaprabaMdha'mAM ApelI 18 lipionI sUcimAM "gurjara lipine ullekha maLe che. e sUcave che ke 16mI sadImAM nAgarInuM A pradezamAM thayeluM rUpAMtara svataMtra prAdezika lipinuM svarUpa gaNAya evI kSamatAvALuM banyuM hatuM. gujarAtI bhASAnA pravega cheka 13mI-14mI sadIthI maLe che, paraMtu gujarAtI lipinA eTalA junA namUnA upalabdha thatA nathI. gujarAtI lipino jUnAmAM jUno jJAta namUno "Adiparva" nAmanA gujarAtI graMthanI vi saM. 1648 (I.sa. 15919ra)nAM lakhAyelI hastapratamAM prApta thayo che. A bAbata uparyukta vimalaprabaMdha'nA ullekhane samarthana Ape che. 15 mI sadImAM gujarAtamAM pracalita nAgarI ane jaina nagarImAM, hAlamAM gujarAtImAM prayojIe chIe te "lane maroDa zirorekhA sAthe kyAMka kyAMka prayojAvA lAgyuM hatuM ane 16 mI sadIthI te gujarAtanAM nAgarI lakhANomAM

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34] sughala kAla (x. e mADa ja prayeAjAtA rahyo che. AthI ema sUcita thAya che ke 15 mI sadIthI gujarAtamAM nAgarI lipimAM prAdezika rUpAMtara thavAne Ara Mbha thayA hatA, je prakriyA anukAlamAM uttarAttara vadhatI gaI ane emAMthI vata mAna gujarAtI lipitu svarUpa dhaDAyuM. mughala kAlamAM A lipinA mukhyatve vANiyAonA hisAbakitAba ane nAmAThAmAmAM temaja sAmAnya vyavahAramAM upayAga thatA hatA, emAM graMthalekhana bhAgye ja thatuM. enuM kAraNa sabhavataH e samaye e lipi pUrNapaNe vikasI naheAtI e hatuM. hisAbakitAba ane sAmAnya lakhANamAM jarUrI akSarAnA marADAnA vikAsa thayA hatA. vaLI e vakhate lakhANamAM atagata svaracihnomAM hasva-dInA bheda rAkhatA nahi, AthI lAMbA samaya sudhI a MtaryaMta 'i' ane 'U'nA prayeNa jovA maLatA nathI. A badhI bAbate| graMtha-lekhanamAM vighnarUpa hAIne emAM graMtha lakhAtA nahAtA, paNa dhIme dhIme emAM badhA alAnA gujarAtI marADa dhaDAyA. A lipi lakhavAmAM jhaDapI ane mareADadAra hAvAthI temaja emAM nAgarI lipinAM lagabhaga badhAM cihna rUpAMtarita thayAM hAvAthI e dhIme dhIme graMtha-lekhanamAM paNa apanAvAI. jema gujarAtanA prAcIna kavi potAnA leAkabhAgya sAhityanA sarjana mATe leAkeAmAM khelAtI gujarAtI bhASAne prayANa karatA tema samaya jatAM tee potAnI kRtienA lekhana mATe gujarAtI lipinA upayega karatA thayA. lahiyAgmA paNa e leAkabhAgya sAhityane lekasudha lipimAM lakhatA thayA. uparyukta 'Adipa' graMthanI A lipimAM lakhAyela prata enuM dRSTAMta che. gujarAtamAM thayelA nAgarImAMthI gujarAtI lipinA rUpAMtaranAM keTalAMka viziSTa lakSaNa A pramANe tAravI zakAya : (1) jiMdA vyavahAramAM jhaDapathI lakhI zakAya e mATe nAgarInA dareka akSaranI TAce alaga alaga umerAtI zizarekhAnA leApa karavAmAM AvyA ane enI jagyAe AkhI lITInI eka saLaMga zirArekhA dAkhala karavAmAM AvI. jethI pakti sIdhI sapATIe lakhAya. mudraNakalAnA Agamana (18 mI sadInA ata) pahelAMnA graMthAmAM, ane zarUAtanA mudrita thAmAM, vANiyAonA dezI nAmAmAM temaja putranUvahAramAM A prakAre saLaga lITI dorIne akSara enI nIce laTakAvavAmAM AvatA. (2) saLaMga lITInI nIce akSarAne zirekhA vagara jhaDapathI lakhatAM svAbhAvika rIte akSarAne gALa marADa apAyA. lITInuM lakhANa haMmezAM

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10 muM] (345 DAbethI jamaNe lakhAtuM heI akSara paNa sAmAnyata: DAbethI jamaNe lakhAtA. AthI DAbI bAjunI Toca DAbethI vRttAkAra dhAraNa kare ne jamaNI bAjuno nIcalo cheDe jamaNI bAju vRtAkAra dhAraNa kare e svAbhAvika banyuM. A mujaba devanAgarI maroDanI UbhI rekhAnI Tocane vRttAkAra apAye, je sAmAnyata: DAbethI jamaNe lakhAya che, jemake uM, kha, ga, tha, 2, 4, 5, ma, ya, 2, 5, sa Ama chatAM thoDAka akSara nAgarI mareDamAM evA hatA jenI Teya jamaNethI DAbe lakhAtI, tyAM UlaTo krama cAlu rakhAyo, jemake gha, cha, Da, dha, ba, va, bIjA thoDAka akSaramAM ene mukhya bhAga DAbI bAjue bahAra nIkaLate heI enI surekhAne svAbhAvika rIte jamaNethI DAbI bAjune vRttAkAra apAye, jemake -Tha -2, kapha ane hU-hamAM. je akSaromAM DAbA aMganI UbhI rekhA nIce laMbAtI hoya tyAM enA nIcalA cheDAne jamaNI bAju mareDa ApavAmAM Avyo. dA.ta. "za" ane "sa'nA maraDa nA DAbA pAMkhAnA nIcalA cheDAne jamaNI bAju laMbAvIne chevaTe thaDe DAbI bAju vALavAmAM Avyo. vaLI vacalA cheDAvALA akSaronA nIcalA bhAgane paNa vadhAre vaLAMka Apate rahyo, jemake ga, chuM ane mAM. (3) ekaMdare ghaNuM mULAkSara nAgarI mULAkSaranA vaLAMkadAra mareDa jevA rahyA jema ke ga, gha, ka, cha, ba, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, dha, na, 5, ma, ya, 2, va, za, Sa, saM ane huM, jyAre keTalAka akSarane zirorekhA vinA temaja jhaDapa mATe saLaMga kalame lakhatAM teonA mULa svarUpamAM keTaluMka viziSTa parivartana thayuM jemake a. I, I u, U, ka, kha, ca, ja, da, pha, ba, bha ane La. vAstavamAM gujarAtI lipine nAgarIthI alaga svarUpe ApavAmAM A akSaroe agatyano bhAga bhajavyo. Ama chatAM keTalAka akSaro ane aMkacihano saLaMga kalame nahi, paNa be ke vadhu TukaDe lakhatAM rahyAM, jemake akSaromAM ka, ga, 7, ba, bha, Na, ta, pha, la, za, Sa, sa, huM ane aMkamAM no maroDa. (4) mULa svaracihanomAM rU ane 2nI jema ! ane tenAM svataMtra cihano nAgarI lipimAM pracalita hatAM. gujarAtI lipimAM che ane jo baMnenAM svataMtra cihanono lepa thayo, pariNAme jema vartamAna nAgarImAM zo ane gau e be svara cidana ja parathI sAbita thAya che tema gujarAtI lipimAM e, e, o ane au e cAreya svara-cihana "a parathI sAdhita thayAM.

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342] mughala kAla 5) nAgarI lipimAM devanAgarI, jaina nAgarI ane marAThI bALabodha vacce vaikalpika maroDa pracalita hatA. gujarAtI lipimAM emAMnA amuka rUpa apanAvavAmAM AvyAM. AvA akSaro paikI gujarAtI chuM ane za devanAgarImAMthI, a jha ane la gujarAtamAM pracalita nAgarI ane jaina lipinA maroDamAMthI ane cha kSa ane 9 marAThI bALabedhamAMthI rUpAMtarita thayelAM jovA maLe che. (6) gujarAtI akSaro ane aMkacihanonA ghaDataranI prakriyAmAM 2 (be) ane 5 (pAMca)nA aMkanA maroDa anukrame aMtastha "ra" varNa ane enDa sthAnI "pa" varNanA maroDanA bramakAraka banyA jemake "para' eTale bAvananI saMkhyA darzAvatA aMke ke "uparano paryAya e "para" zabda evo bhrama thAya ema banyuM; paNa AvA akSara-bhrama thavAnuM pramANa ghaNuM jUja che. mughalakAlIna gujarAtI lipinuM svaye darzAvavA mATe paTTa ra taiyAra karyo che emAM pahelA UbhA khAnAmAM arvAcIna gujarAtI mULAkSaro ane aMkacihano goThavI bIjAthI pAMcamA khAnAmAM anukrame vi.saM. 1648nI gujarAtI "Adipava' graMthanI hastapratamAMthI, vi.saM. 167ranA khatapatramAMthI", vi.sa. 171nI 'narasaiyAnI daMDI' graMthanI hastapratamAMthI ane vi sa. 173ranI "vanecaTanI vArtA" graMthanI hastapratamAMthI mULAkSaro ane ekacihanonI maroDa geThavyA che. pada para sAmAnya najara nAkhatAM uparyukta lakSaNa ghaNe aMze vyakta thatAM jovA maLe che. emAM upara jaNAvyuM che tema a, ba, I, u, U, ka, kha, tha, cha, ja, da, pha, ba, bha, ane Lano vikAsa viziSTa hovAthI neMdhapAtra che. 13 a vaNane zarUAtamAM zirorekhA vagarano devanAgarI maroDa prayojAto hata (jemake bIjA khAnAno pahele maroDa). e maroDanA DabA aMganI traNa rekhAo paikI upalI ADI rekhAne chUTI lakhI enI nIcenI be rekhAone saLaMga kalame lakhatAM banatAM gujarAtI cegaDA jevA maroDane varNanI jamaNI bAjunA "pa" jevA AkAranI DAbI Toca sAthe saLaMga kalame joDavAmAM Avyo (dA.ta. bIjA khAnAno maroDa ane trIjA khAnAno pahele maroDa). samaya jatAM DAbI bAjunI ADI rekhAne paNa saLaMga kalame nIcalA cegaDA jevA maroDanI DAbI Taca sAthe joDIne lakhavAmAM AvI (jemake) cothA khAnAno bIjo maroDa)samaya jatAM e DAbI bAjunA aMgane cAlu kalame lakhatAM "ca" varNanA DAbI bAjunA aMga jevA maroDa ghaDAtAM Akheya varNa enA vartamAna svarUpano banyo (jemake pAMcamA khAnAne rajo maroDa). 17 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM ghaDAyelA A vikasita maroDanA vaparAzanuM pramANa uttarottara vadhatuM jatAM prAcIna mareDane prayoga lupta thato gayo.

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10 su'] lipi [34] i ane I nA zirArekhA rahita nAgarI maroDa 17 mI sadInA pUrvAdha sudhI prayojAtA hatA, paNa emAM vyaMjanonI sAthe jema aMtagata svaracihnA joDavAmAM Ave tema A varNIne anukrame aMta`ta I tu svaracihna (jemake bIjA khAnAmA bIjo maroDa) ane ata Mta i nu svaracihna (jemake trIjA khAnAno bIjo ane cothA khAnAnA maroDa) joDAtuM. 17 mA zatakanA uttarA thI A vInA arvAcIna maroDanI nikaTanAM svarUpa prayojAtAM jovA maLe che (jemake pAMcamA khAnAmAM baMnenA maroDa), 'tenAM svaranA nAgarI ane gujarAtI maroDanI vaccenAM aMtarAla rUpa upalabdha thayAM nathI. ema lAge che ke i nA nAgarI maroDane cAlu kalame lakhIne nIcenAM pAMkhaDAne cAlu kalame jamaNI tarapha dhIme dhIme upara caDhAvatAM gujarAtI maroDa ghaDAyo che. I nI upara taraph lakhAvelI rekhAne TAyathI jamaNI tarapha gALa maroDa ApIne nIce tarapha jhukAvavAthI I ne maroDa DAyo. u mATe 16 mI sadImAM nAgarI maroDanI sAthesAthe e maroDanI nIcalI rekhAne UMce caDAvIne vaNunI TAMca sudhI laMbAvavAmAM AvatI jovA maLe che (jemake bIjA khAnAno bIjo maroDa). Ama A svarano maroDa 16 mI sadIthI arvAcIna svarUpa pAmI cUkayo hateA. uttarakAlamAM enI uparanI tarapha lakhAtI rekhAnI laMbAInI khAbatamAM saheja sAja pharaka thatA rahyo che, je judA lekhakAnI 'gata laDhaNane AbhArI gaNAya. U mATe 16 mI sadImAM eno nAgarI maroDa prayojAtA jovA maLe che paNa 17 mI sadIthI u nA maroDamAM aMtagata U nuM cihna jaDIne sAdhita thavA lAgyA. je mughala kAlanA aMta pachI ya cAlu rahetA jovA maLe che (jemake ceAthA ane pAMcamA khAnAnA maroDa). ku te enA nAgarI maroDanI zirorekhA kADhIne zarUAtathI ja saheja vAyaThyaagni sthitimAM lakhavAmAM AvatA hatA (jemake trIjA ane ceAthA khAnAnA maroDa). kha ne 16 mAM zatakamAM nAgarI maroDa prayojAtA hatA. 17mA zatakamAM enA gujarAtI svarUpane Ne aMze maLatuM svarUpa dhaDAyuM. kha ne uccAra ja' jevA karavAmAM AvatA hatA (dA.ta. SaTsa mATe khaTasa) ane jyAre kha lakhavAnA prasaMga Ave tyAre prAcIna samayamAM hiMdI bhASA ane devanAgarI lipimAM temaja jUnI gujarAtImAM paNa 5 lakhAto. A Sa nA maroDa parathI gujarAtI kha vikAsa pAmyA che. ahIM trIjA khAnAnA maroDamAM DAbI TAca DAbI bAjue vaLI nathI, paNa pachInA samayamAM e nizcitapaNe vaLatI jovA maLe che. 17 mI sadImAM A varNa enA vikasita svarUpe prayojAte najare paDe che.

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344 ] yula kAla [>>. ca mATe 16 mA zatakamAM zizarekhA vagarane maroDa prayeAjAtA hatA (jemake khIjA khAnanA pahele maroDa). e maroDanA DAbA 'gane saLaMga kalame lakhavAthI A vanA gujarAtI maroDa ghaDAtA gayA. Ama 17 mI sadInA aMta sudhImAM A varNa enI vartamAna avasthA pAmatA jovA maLe che. ja mATe zarUAtamAM enA prAcIna nAgarI maroDane zirorekhA vagara prayojavAmAM AvatA (jemake bIjA khAnAneA pahelA maroDa). enA DAbA aMgane gALa vRttane maroDa ApI akSarane saLaMga kalame lakhatAM dhIme dhIme A vanA gujarAta maroDa ghaDAtA gayA. alabatta, eneA DAbI bAjunA vRttAkAra vaNunI madhyanA nIcalA cheDA karatAM nIce rahetA jovA maLe che. 4 mATe zarUAtamAM zizarekhA vagaranA enA nAgarI maDa prayojAtA hatA (jemake bIjA khAnAnA maroDa). samaya jatAM e mareADanI enI TocanI UbhI rekhAno lepa thayA ane nIcalI pU MchaDI jamaNI bAju vaLavA mAMDI. have vaNunI upalI ane nIcalI rekhAe trAMsI lakhAvA lAgI (jemake trIjA, cethA ane pAMcamA khAnAnA maroDa). 18 mI sadImAM A vaNu pU ta: enA arvAcIna svarUpane pAmyo. phaeN mAM enA prAcIna devanAgarI maroDa paranI zirorekhAne lepa karIne kanI jema ene vikAsa sadhAyeA che. ahI` bIjA khAnA ane ceAthA khAnAnA pahelA maroDamAM vaNanI nIcenI pUMchaDI vyasta thaI nahi hAvAthI teonA maroDa ka nA samakAlIna maroDa jevA banyA che. pharaka eTaleA ja che ke ka nI TAMcanI rekhA jamaNI bAjue vaLe che, jyAre ph nI sIdhI UbhI che. a zarUAtamAM enA nAgarI maroDanI zirorekhA dUra karIne vAparavAmAM Avyo (jemake bIjA khAnAneA mareADa), paNa enA DA| gALa aMgane saLaga kalame madhyanI trAMsI rekhAnA DAkhA cheDA sAthe joDI, e rekhAne sIdhI ADI rekhAnuM svarUpa ApatAM je maroDa dhaDAyA (jemake trIjA khAnAnA maroDa), tene suDALa maroDa ApatAM vatA vatamAna gujarAtI maroDa ghaDAyA. bha mAM paNa enA devanAgarI mADanI zirorekhAnA leApa karIne DAbI bAjue thatI trAMsI rekhAne marADa ApI kramaza: nIce utAravAmAM AvyA, jethI e 'ma'thI judA paDe. 17 mI sadInA aMtathI A vaNu enI vartamAna avasthAne prApta karatA jaNAya che (jemake pAMcamA khAnAnA maroDa). La nA nAgarI mareADa (4)nI zirArekhA ane rAcatI UbhI rekhAne leApa karavAthI ane bAkInA avayavane saLaMga kalame lakhavAthI dhIme dhIme ene

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10 mu* lipi [ 345 gujarAtI marADa laDAvA lAgyA. emAM DAbI khAjunu vRtta enA (lekhananA) AraMbhanA bhAgathI ane jamaNI bAjunu N vRtta enA (lekhananA) aMtamAM khaTita rahevA lAgyuM ane dhIme dhIme DAbI bAjunI ane jamaNI bAjunI vaLAMkavALI rekhAe UbhI thatI gaI. sAthe sAthe vaNunA DAbA aMgamAM nIcenA bhAgamAM khacakA paDavA lAgyA (jema ke cothA khAnAnA marADa). uttara kAlamAM A khacakA paNa dUra karIne AkhAya vaNuM saLaMga kalame lakhatAM ene vatamAna gujarAtI mareADa dhaDAyA che gujarAtI aMka cihna paNu varNonI jema nAgarI acihnaneAnA mareADane vaLAMkadAra karavAthI ghaDAyAM hAvAnuM spaSTa jaNAya che. gujarAtI akSarAnI jema '' nA nIcalA cheDAne jamaNI bAju vALatAM vacalA DAbI bAjune khacakA ApoApa lupta thayA che. 'ra' mAM paNa nIcalA cheDAne DAbI bAju vALatAM '' dhaDAyA, paNa nAgarImAM 6 akSaranA upalA bhAga surekhAtmaka ane 'r' akacihananA upale| bhAga vaLAMkadAra hAvAthI e be vacce bheda pravatA hatA te ahIM' lupta thatAM A mADa parasparanA bhramakAraka banyA. 'rU' mAM nIcalI pUchaDIneA lepa karavAmAM ANye. '4' mAM ArabhatA DAbI TAMcane bhAga dhaNA akSarAnI jema DAbethI jamaNe vaLe tevu saralIkaraNa karavAthI ene gujarAtI marADa dhaDAyA, '' mAM Ama karavA jatAM nIcalA khacakA lupta thayA te pariNAme ene gujarAtI maroDa 'pa' akSara jevA thai gayA. '6' mAM zarUAtamAM nIcalI pUchaDI rada karavAmAM AvI (jemake 2 jA khAtAne marADa). AgaLa jatAM enA nIcalA aMganI jagyAe cale cheDe DAbI bAjue vaLatI UbhI rekhA prayAjavAmAM AvI. A mareDamAM acihna '6'ane akSara 'krU' vacce bhrama thatAM nathI. '7' nA nIcalA cheDAne UMce laMbAvIne enA maroDane vadhAre vaLAMkadAra karavAmAM Avyo. '8''mAM uparanI DAbI bAjue bahAra nIkaLatI ADI rekhAnA leApa karIne ne upalI ADI rekhAne jamaNI bAju laMbAvIne AkhAya maroDa cAlu kalame prayojAvA lAgyo. "hu'" mAM enA gujarAtamAM pracalita nAgarI maroDa- (jemake paTTa 1 mAM A aMkanA maroDa) mAM DAbI bAjunI rekhAne UbhA adhagALanuM svarUpa ApI Tace joDAto rUkhAne e agALanI jamaNI bAjue madhyamAM jotAM gujarAtI maroDa sadhAyo. dhIme dhIme jamaNI bAjunI vaLAMkavALI rekhAe nAnI ADI surekhAnuM svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM. (jemake pAMcamA khAnA maroDa), paNa mA prakriyAmAM mULa nAgarI maroDa saLaga kalame lakhAte hateA te gujarAtImAM e TukaDe lakhavA paDayo.

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. pra. mughala kAla vaNa ane aMcitonA ghaDataramAM jeTalA pramANamAM rUpAMtara thayelAM jevAM maLe che teTalA pramANamAM aMtargata svacine (mAtrAo) ane saMyukta vyaMjanonAM svarUpa-ghaDatara varatAtAM nathI. pada 3-AmAM keTalAMka aMtargata svaracihana dharAvatA akSara teonA vikAsanA tabakkAmAM goThavyAM che. e jevAthI jaNAze ke gujarAtI aMtargata svaracie lagabhaga teonA nAgarI svarUpane jALavI rAkhyuM che, chatAM A bAbatamAM keTalIka lAkSaNikatAo paNa AvI che, jema ke varNonA cinanI jema aMtargata svaracinane paNa vaLAMkadAra maroDa ApavAmAM Avyo che. khAsa karIne UbhI surekhAne nIca cheDe jamaNI bAjue saheja vALavAmAM Avya; jema ke , 1, , , 6 ane jevA vaNe pitAnA moDanI dizA badalatA gayA tema tema teonI sAthe aMtargata svaracine paNa teone anurUpa pracalita paddhatie joDAtAM gayAM; jemake kA, kI, ku, ka ane kau nA maroDa. pha' mAM paNa Ama banyuM che. vaLI "ka" nA vikAsa pAmelA maroDa "ja" mAM saLaMga kalame lakhavA mATe aMtargata svaracino joDavAnI svAbhAvika paddhatio najare paDe che, jemake 'jI ne saLaMga kalame lakhatAM enA nIcalA cheDAe DAbI bAju vaLAMka apanAvyo, "ju ane "jUne saLaMga kalame lakhavA mATe emAM ja pachI aMtargata "AnuM svaracihana (1) umeravAmAM AvyuM ne pachI aMtargata u ne U nAM svaracitno (3 ) e aMtargata "A" nA svaracihananA nIcalA che. sAthe joDAyAM. jemAM ' aMtargata u nuM svaracina nAgaramAM amAtrAne badale ajhamAtrArUpe joDAtuM (2), tema gujarAtImAM paNa "'mAM rahyuM, paNa ta mAM evuM keI cidUna cAluM na rahyuM. gujarAtImAM rU cAlu kalame lakhAtAM enuM rU rU5 prajatuM jovA maLe che. rA' sAthe u ane UnA aMtargata svaracidRno prayojatI vakhate nAgarImAM kayAreka ja ane zra lakhAtA. e parathI gujarAtImAM paNa evA maroDa prayojAyA, jemake chelA khAnAne mareDa. saMyukta vyaMjanomAM keTalIka navI paristhitine svIkAra karIne pheraphAra karavA paDayA. joke nAgarI lipimAM je paddhatie saMyukta vyaMjana prayojAtA hatA te ja paddhatie navodita gujarAtI vyaMjanone paNa saMjavAmAM AvyA. tadanusAra khAsa karIne jyAM je yaMjanacihnamAM jamaNe cheDe (DelI ke chUTI) UbhI surekhA AvatI hoya tyAM e surekhAne rada karavAthI e akSara saMyukta pUrva vyaMjanamAM anukuLa svarUpa saraLatAthI dhAraNa karata: dA.ta. khya, ma, ya, ca7, , 5, zya, vageremAM; nAgarInI jema pUrvavyaMjana "ra" no rephAkAra marADa cAlu rahyo, tevI

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10 muJ lipi [34 rIte uttara vyaMjana tarIke che: "2 nAgarInI jema nIcale cheDe UbhI rekhA dharAvatA pUrvavyaMjana sAthe DAbI bAjue eka nAnI trAMsI rekhA svarUpe prayojAye, jemake tra, ja, jha, bhra vageremAM ane nIcale goLAkAra dharAvatA pUrvavyaMjanamAM be trAMsI rekhAe svarUpe prayojAyo che, jemake che. , , , dra, jeke tramAM nAgarInI jema gujarAtImAM paNa tenA DAbA aMgane cApAkAra maroDa (tra) prayojAvA lAgyo. jyAM amuka vyaMjane joDavAmAM agavaDa jaNAI tyAM evA saMyukta vyaMjanamAM teonAM nAgarI svarUpa yathAvat rekhAyAM: jemake pUrva 6, za ane ha sAthenA saMyukta vyaMjana (ddha, 4, gha, , , zra, dha, vagere), jyAre bIjA keTalAka akSaromAM nAgarInI jema pUrva vyaMjanane halaMta karIne saMyuktapaNuM sUcavavAmAM AvyuM; jemake Draga(khaga), va(uDDavAsa), duga(sadgata), dugha(uddaghATana), dUba (saddabuddhi), bha (udbhava) vagere. A paddhati Ajadina sudhI cAlu rahI che. je varSonA viziSTa gujarAtI maroDa ghaDAyA teonI sAthenA saMyukta vyaMjanAnuM svarUpa paNa teone anurUpa banyuM, jemake -ka, rA-katha, saha-kala, -kava, -, -jaya, java, dra-dra vagere. ekaMdare joIe te jema aMgrejInI pahelI-bIjI "ABCD-abcd" surekha heIne jhaDapathI lakhavAmAM saraLa na paDe tethI sugamatAne khAtara cAlu kalame lakhAtI trIjI-cothI "ABCD-abcd no vikAsa thayo tema khAMcAkhacakAvALI nAgarI lipine tvarAthI ane tethI saLaMga lakhavAnI pravRttimAM gujarAtI lipino uddabhava ane vikAsa thayo ema kahI zakAya. gujarAtI lipinAM pahelI najare tarI Ave tevAM lakSaNa be che : eka te akSaragata zirorekhAne lepa ane bIjuM akSaronA AraMbha ane aMtanI surekhAne apAto vaLAMka. akSaragata zirorekhAne lepa thavAthI ane saLaMga kalame lakhavAthI kula 19 akSaronA maroDa badalAI gayA; jemake -a, 6-I, I, -, 4-U, g-e, 2-e, 24-ka, rasa (6)-kha, 6-2, 6-ja, rA-jha, Ta-2, -, 6-da, -pha, vaba, ma-bha, 8-La, "Na' nA maroDamAMthI ane la' stranA la maroDamAMthI thayA che. bAkInA badhA akSara zirorekhAne lepa ane vaLAMkadAra maroDanI paripATImAM rahelA nAgarI maroDanA ja heI. nAgarI lipi vAMcanArAo mATe e badhA akSaro vAMcavAmAM kaMI muzkelI paDatI nathI (jemake, R-, -4, -ga, gha-6, 6-, cha-che, e-, -, -8, ta-ta, iI-dha, ra-na, 5-5, 5-ma, ca-1, 2, 3-va, zA-za, pa-Sa, sa-sa, hU-ha.

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348] mughala kAla (3) arabI lipi ane enI sulekhana-zailIo gujarAtanA mughalakAlIna abhilekha bhASAnI jema lipizailInI dRSTie paNa satanata kAlanA abhilekhothI judA tarI Ave che. salatanatakAlIna abhilekhomAM arabI bhASAnuM prAdhAnya rahyuM tene laIne e mukhyatve kuphI, thulya ane nakha zailI emAM kaMDArelA jovA maLe che, paraMtu mughala kAlamAM bahudhA zilAlekhonI bhASA phArasI hovAthI emAM nastAlIka zailIne vaparAza vadhu pramANamAM thayo che. A zailIne uddabhava IsavI 14mA zataka thayo hato. kalAlAlityanA deza IrAnamAM enA kalAkAronI naisargika pratibhA ane kalAsahaja mAnase kUphI, thultha ane nakhanA lecalacaka rahita lAkSaNika rUpathI asaMtuSTa thaI pitAnI pratibhAzALI sajanazakti ane kalArasikatA dvArA snigdhatA sugamatA ane kamanIya suMdaratAthI yukta evI atyaMya lAlityapUrNa zailInuM sarjana karI ene nastAlIka nAma ApyuM hatuM. ghaNe aMze arabI lakhANa ke lakhe mATe nastAlIka zailIne prayoga prathamathI ja bAdhita rahyo. che ane e mATe nakha vagarane prayoga sAdhAraNa rIte thato rahyo che. | gujarAtamAM paNa vastusthiti A pramANe ja che. bhAratamAM nAstAlIka zailInuM calaNa abhilekhAmAM phArasI bhASAnA uttarottara vadhatA prayoga sAthe 16 mI zatakamAM zarU thayuM, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa ekAda zatakamAM to e eTalI lokapriya thaI ke abhilekhonI zailI tarIke nastAlIkane ja prayoga thavA lAgyo. mAtra arabI abhilekhamAM ke arabI-phArasI mizra abhilekhamAM arabI lakhANa mATe narakha ane enAthI ochA pramANamAM thulthane sAdhAraNa upayoga thato. A ja rIte gujarAtamAM paNa nastAlIkane pravega salatanatanA aMta pachI eTale ke 16 mA zatakanA uttarArdhanA chellA be dasakAomAM mAMDa zarU thaye, tyAM sudhI moTA bhAganA abhilekhanI bhASA arabI hevAthI nakha ke dultha zelIonuM prAdhAnya rahyuM. mughala sattAnI sthApanI sAthe upara darzAvyA mujaba phArasI bhASA sAthe nastAlIkane prayAga vadhu vyApaka banate game, paNa masjidonA ke kabaronA smRtilekhe temaja bIjA amuka prakAranA abhilekho mATe arabI bhASAno prayoga sAva paDate mukAyo nahi temaja phArasI bhASAnA abhilekhamAM paNa kurAna zarIphanI AyAta ke payagambara sAheba (sa.a.sa.)nAM vacanAmRta vagere dhArmika ke sAhityika sUtronuM pramANa sAruM evuM hatuM. AvA arabI lekho ke AMzika arabI lakhANo nakha ke thuthamAM lakhAvAM cAlu rahyAM. bake A zailIonA phArasI lekhonI saMkhyA sAva ochI nathI. nakha ke yustha zailImAM kaMDArAyelA samagra ke AMzika

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10 su' lipi ( 349 abhilekhAtuM pramANa nastAlIkane mukAbale Azare 1 : 2 rahyuM che ema upalabdha namUnAo parathI jaNAI Ave che. kalAnI dRSTie joIe te gujarAtanA mulakAlIna abhilekhAmAM saltanata kAlIna abhilekheAmAM jevA maLe tevu zailI-vaividhya nathI e nirvivAda che. A krAlanA abhilekhAnA moTA bhAga nastAlIkamAM che. bIjo naMbara nasma zailIne Ave che. sUphI zailI lagabhaga nahivat dekhA de che. tumrArUpavALA abhilekha paNa ghaNA ochA che. nakhamAM paNa satanatakAlanA abhilekhe mAM jovA maLe che tevu vaividhya ke kalAkauzala A samayanA abhilekhAnI nakha zailImAM nathI. A nakh zailI sAdI eTale ke alaMkArarahita che, joke zailInI dRSTie teeAnu` kalAkauzala UtaratI kakSAnuM nathI. balke upalabdha namUnAmAM amuka te| A zailInA uttama namUnAonI harALamAM saheje potAnu sthAna prApta karI zake. paNa A kAlanA vizeSa karIne 18 mA zatakanA abhilekhAmAM eka judA prakAranuM vaividhya jovA maLe che. dhArmika sUtreA ke arabI kaDakAvALA phArasI abhilekhAmAM nakhkha ke thultha (ke kacit kUkI) ane nastAlIka ema e lipi zailIetu amuka namUnAomAM nastAlIka sAthe nakha ane thultha ema traNa lipi zailIevu manerama sayAjana jovA maLe che. nastAlIka, thultha ane nakhkha sAthe AMzika lakhANAmAM tugrA rUpanA prayAga eka ja lekhamAM thaye| ha|vAnA namUnA paNa upalabdha che, paNa A zailI-vaiviSyamAM saltanatakAlIna abhilekhAmAM jovA maLatI sulekhananI viziSTatA akaMdare abhAva dekhAya che. nastAlIka sivAya amuka anya zailIenA apavAdane bAda karatAM e zailIenAM pUrNa vikasita ane atyaMta kalAyukta rUpa jovA maLatAM nathI AnuM mukhya kAraNa e hoya ke mughalakAlamAM sattA sAthe vidyA ane kalAprema tathA protsAhananu` kendra gujarAtImAMthI khasI muddala sAmrAjyanI rAjadhAnI AtrA ane dilhImAM thayuM enA pariNAme ahIM kalAupAsanAmAM eTa AvI. vaLI nastAlIka zailInA vadhatA jatA calaNane laIne bIjI zailIonA upAsakeAnI saMkhyAmAM uttarAuttara dhaTADA thatA gayA. jete laIne nastAlIka sivAyanI zailIenA abhilekhanI kalAnI dRSTie jhAMkhA paDe che. saMkhyAnI dRSTie joIe teA nakhazailInA aitihAsika tApa ke bhAvAya vALA abhilekha mu%0la kAlanI zarUAtamAM ThIka ThIka maLe che. 16 mA zatakanA chellA be dasakAemAM astitvamAM AvelA vIseka abhilekheAmAM naveka namUnA napna zailImAM kaMDArAyelA che ane A abhilekhA mAtra eka sthaLe nahi paNa

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350] mughala kAla [ pra. pATaNa peTalAda amadAvAda sarakheja verAvaLa bharUca surata vagere judAM judAM sthaLAe mukAyelA che. A abhilekheAmAM nakhkhanI sAthe yutha zailInA paNa e eka namUnA che. nakha ane thuthanuM calaNa 57 mAMthI laI 19 mA zataka sudhI gheADA pramANamAM cokkasa dhaTayuM ema upalabdha namUnAe parathI kahI zakAya. e pramANe thuthanA pramANamAM paNa kaMI khAsa ghaTADA-vadhArA thayA nathI,14 phUphI lagabhaga nahivat che, jyAre ekAda jagyAe nastAlIkane dhasITa rIte lakhatAM udbhavelI 'zistA' nAme oLakhAtI eka vibhanna zailImAM AlekhAyelA eka abhilekha paNa maLe che e ullekhanIya che. I.sa. 1812 nA apavAdarUpa gaNAya tevA A abhilekha rAMdera (ji. surata) mAM eka kabara para che. 15 aitihAsika lekhAte mukAbale mAtra dhArmika sUtreA ke cit sAthe va saMkhyA dharAvatA alilekhAnI saMkhyA nAnI nathI. teeAnAM lakhANa moTe bhAge kurAna zarIraphanAM avataraNA hAI e lagabhaga samagra rIte nakhkha ke thultha zailImAM kAtaravAmAM AvyAM che. emanI zailI kalAkauzalanI dRSTie caDatI--UtaratI koTinI che, paNa A vidhAna chevatte aMze A samaye abhilekhAmAM vadhu pracalita temaja lokapriya evI natAlIka zailInA namUnAo mATe paNa karI zakAya. have A kAlanA abhilekhAnu zailIvAra varNana ane tenI kalAkauzalanI caDatI--UtaratI kATinI vistI carcA karIe. upara kahyuM tema A samayamAM kUphI zailIne prayANa nahivat thayA che, paNa A vastusthiti mAtra gujarAtamAM nahi, paNa bhArata temaja IrAna jevA bIjA dezAmAMya ochevatte aMze jovA maLe che. satanakAlamAM paNa A paristhiti hatI. lekhanAM 'bismilA' jevAM prAra Mbhika sUtra kadAcit kUphImAM lakhAtAM ene paNa namUne A kAlanA abhilekhAmAM dulabha che. yuE zailInA namUnA pramANamAM jUja, paNa ThIka evI saMkhyAmAM maLe che. A abhilekhA amadAvAda pATaNa kha`bhAta ke dhAtrA jevAM sthaLeAe amuka arabI bhASAnA ke arabI bhASA jemAM AMzika rIte vaparAI che tevA abhilekhAmA maLe che. paNa AvA lekheAnI zailInI kalAmayatA, amuka apavAda sivAya viziSTatAvALI nathI. sAthe sAthe ene samagra rIte sAva UtaratI kakSAnI paNa na kahI zakAya. AvA abhilekhAmAM kha'bhAta ane amadAvAdanA IsavI 17 mA zatakanA amuka mRtyulekhAne samAveza thAya che.16 AmAMnA meTA bhAganA abhilekhAmAM nakha lakhANanA eka eka akSara zailInI dRSTie suMdara ane

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10 muJ. lipi (351 suDoLa AlekhAya che, paNa A badhA akSaronI paMktibaddhatA ke gaThavaNa eTalI suMdara na I samagra rIte AkhA lakhANanI sulekhanazailInI jevI prAsAdika chApa paDavI joIe tevI paDatI nathI. apavAdarUpe uttama ane ati ucca keSTimAM mUkI zakAya tevI nazailInA namUnAomAM eka te 17mI sadInI madhyamAM mukAyela amadAvAdamAM khAnapuramAM AvelI zAha abdula vahAba sAhebanI daragAha nI masjidano lekha che. 17 dhArmika avataraNavALA A lekhanI thulya zailI enA mULAkSaranI sapramANa gaLAI temaja jADAI sAthe kalAmaya AkarSaka panibaddha goThavaNa-e baMne dRSTie ati ucca keTinI che. AvI ja suMdara ane prAsAdika zulya zailInA be namUnA amadAvAdamAM ja Aste DiyAnI kALa sAhebanI masjidamAM che. 18 A baMne lekhamAM paNa TUMkAM dhArmika lakhANa che, paNa teonI thultha zailInI ucca keTi jotAM e koI siddha kalAkAranA haste AlekhAyelI hoya ema jaNAya che mughalakAlanA AraMbhanI thulya zailIno eka bIjo utkRSTa namUne hAla vaDodarAnI jumA masjidamAM Avelo, paNa mULa e ja zaheramAM daMtezvara khAte Avela hajIrAnA mRtyulekha dvArA pUro pADe che. A mRtyulekhanI e bIjI asAdhAraNatA e che ke e paththaranI baMne bAjue be judA paNa eka ja bhAvArthanAM lakhANamAM thultha ane nastAlIka ema be zailI emAM kaMDArAyele che. AmAM lakhANane ghaNA yuthamAM che. penalanA ardhA kada jeTalA enA akSaranA judA bhAganI saMtulita ane Avazyaka jADAI, oNnalamAM TheTha upara sudhI kheMcAyelA enA UbhA ane trAMsA lasarakAonuM suMdara sapramANa ane samAMtara Alekhata tathA ADA lasarakAo temaja gaLAIdAra samarUpatAthI A lekha yutha zailIno ati suMdara namUne banyo che. thalya zailIne bIjo eka ullekhanIya lekha khaMbhAtamAM nizAtabAga nAme oLakhAtI jumA masjidanI dakSiNe Avela khullI jagyAmAM rahelI eka kabara para che. I.sa. 1709 no A lekha pUre thulya zailImAM che. je kalAnI dRSTie suMdara che. enA sUtrAkSAronA ghATa temaja vividha bhAgonuM Alekhana siddha klAkAranA hastanI pratIti karAve che. samagra rIte A lekhanI zailI amadAvAnA uparyukta lekha jevI utkRSTa keTanI to nahi. paNa suMdara che e nirvivAda che. AnI haroLamAM mUkI zakAya tevA amadAvAdamAM jamAlapuramAM AvelI nIzApurInI mahAna phArasI kavi najhIrInI kahevAtI kabara paranAM be lekha che.21 I.sa. 1672 mAM mukAyela ghoghAne eka lekha paNa sArI kahI zakAya tevI zailImAM che.22

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352] mughala kAla nakha ke thulya zailIne 'rikA' zailI jevuM AlaMkArika rUpa apAyuM che. evA namUnA paNa mughalakAlanI amadAvAda khaMbhAta pATaNa ne gheghA jevAM sthaLonA abhilekhamAM daSTigocara thAya che. khaMbhAtanA 13 mI 14 mI ane 15 mI sadInA saMkhyAbaMdha mRtyulekhamAM ucca koTinuM "rikA jevuM utkaTa lAlitya ke lAvaNya maLe che tevuM upayukta abhilekhAmAM nathI, chatAM suMdara kahI zakAya tevI A zailI mughalakAlanA abhilekhenI sulekhanakalAmAM eka jAtanuM vaividhya apita kare che te neMdhapAtra che. Avo "rikAvALI nakha zailIno ucca namUno sarakhejamAM mahamUda begaDAnA rojAmAM AvelI rANI rAjabAInI kabaranA lekhamAM jovA maLe che, je rANInA mRtyu varSa I.sa. 1590-91 lagabhaga kaMDAravAmAM AvyA hatA. 23 A zailAnA bIjA namUnAomAM amadAvAdanI pIra muhammadazAhanA rAjamAM AvelI masjidanA I.sa. 1614 nA lekhane samAveza karI zakAya.24 amadAvAdamAM upalabdha khaMbhAtanI navAbInA Adya puruSa ane mughala subedAra momInakhAna 1 lAno I.sa. 1743 no mRtyulekha paNa atyaMta suMdara ane ucca prakAranI A zailImAM che. 25 AvA bIjA lekhamAM khaMbhAtanA navAbI khAnadAnanA I.sa. 174 ane 1769 nA mRtyulekha paNa A zailInA suMdara namUnAonI haroLamAM AvI zake.26 19 mI sadInA prAraMbha sudhI AvI zailInA namUnA upalabdha che e hakIktanI neMdha levI ghaTe. 27 lAkSaNika nakha zailI, je nastAlIka pachI bIjA naMbare prAdhAnya dharAve che, tenA namUnA vividha koTinA che ane gujarAtanA vividha bhAgomAM temaja mughala sattAnA prAraMbhathI laIne aMta sudhI jovA maLe che. AmAM bIjI zailI sAthe nakhane AMzika prayoga thayo che tevA ane mAtra nakhane ja prayoga thayo che tevA lekha lagabhaga ekasarakhI saMkhyAmAM che. A saMdarbhamAM e vastu noMdhapAtra che ke mRtya-lekhomAM vizeSa karIne dAudI vaherAonAM amadAvAdanA sarasapuramAM AvelA kabrastananA 16mI sadIthI laIne 19mI sadInA mRtyulekha-- je arabI bhASAmAM che.)nI lekhana zailI nakha che. 28 mughalakAlIna abhilekhenI nakha zailI alaMkRta nahi, paNa sAdI che, paNa samagra rIte saMteSajanaka che. mughala sattAnA AraMbha-samayane I.sa. 157no. sthAnika mughala adhikArInI patnI dvArA baMdhAyelI masjidane abhilekha A zailAmAM che. A abhilekhamAM zilAnA ardha uparAMta saheja vadhu bhAgane AvarI letA mULa lakhANanI paMktibaddha goThavaNa ane sUtrAkSaronA UbhA ane ADA.

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10 mu] 5 . lasarakAonuM tAlabaddha kramavAra ane samAtara nirUpaNa nedhapAtra che. khaMbhAtanA I.sa. 162-28 nA abhilekhanuM nakha Alekhana sulekhana-kalAnI daSTie te aMdara che, paNa dekhAvamAM eTaluM AkarSaka nathI. A abhilekhanA sulekhanakAra cAMda muhammadacitIe potAnA nAmane nirdeza karyo che. khaMbhAtanA bIjA eka I.sa. 1646-47 nA lekhanI nakha paNa sArI che. A ja arasAmAM I.sa. 1649 mAM mukAyelA amadAvAdanI muhAphijhakhAnanI masjidanA pravezadvAra temaja pANInA TAMkAnA nirmANane lagatA be abhilekha nakha zailInA ucca keTanA namUnA gaNAya.32 nakhazaulIne eka bIjo suMdara namUne- 17 mI sadInA aMta ke 18 mI sadInA prAraMbhane godharAnA eka lekhamAM jovA maLe che. 33 paNa nakhanA A badhA karatAM atyaMta utkRSTa namUnA amadAvAdanI AoNDiyAmAM AvelI kAjhI sAhebanI masjidanA be abhilekha che. 34 eonI varSa-saMkhyA darzAvatA kone grAma(tithibaMdha)vALA zabdasamUha nakhamAM che. " - AnAthI paNa vadhu suMdara ane mughalakAlIna nakharaulIne namUnAomAM saheje sarvazreSTha sthAna meLave tevo abhilekha amadAvAdanI hajharata mUsA sahAganI daragAhanI masjidamAM che, je I.sa. 1690-91mAM jalAla nAmanA kalAkAranA haste kaMDAravAmAM Avyo hato. enA na akSarano DhALa temaja maroDa -e UbhA trAMsa ke ADA lasarakAonuM pramANa samAMtara Alekhana A sulekhanakAranI kalA pratibhAnAM darzana karAve che. uparAMta laMbacorasa zilA para traNa jADI paTTIvALI ADI penalamAM goThavelA lakhANanI dareka penalanA lakhANanA UbhA lasarakAone kApatA tathA A rIte painalane 1: 2 nA pramANamAM vaheMcI nAkhatA ADA lasarakA kheMcavAmAM sulekhanakAre je kalAcAturya vAparyuM che te lekhanI AkarSatAmAM vadhAro kare che. A lekhanI nIce aMkita thayelAM phArasI lekhamAM nirmAtAnuM nAma "jAphara' ApavAmAM AvyuM che. 36 mughalakAlIna abhilekhonI bIjI sulekhanazailAomAM nastAlIka zailI mAM AlekhAyelA lekho saMkhyA tema ja sulekhana baMnenI daSTie caDiyAtA che. emAM suMdara kahI zakAya tevI zailIvALA lekhe sArI saMkhyAmAM che. A kAlamAM nastAlIka zailInA abhilekhonI temaja e zailImAM hathoTI dharAvanArA klAkAronI saMkhyA vadhI hoya e dekhItuM che ane tethI mughalakAlIna abhilekhamAM IsavInA 16 mA zatakanA aMtathI ja nastAlIka zailInA suMdara namUnAonuM pramANa vadhAre che. Iti-6-23

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54) mughala kAle nastAlIka zailInI eka bIjI viziSTatA e che ke kaphI, nakha ke evI bIjI AlaMkArika zailIothI viparIta kadAca A ja eka zailI che, jenA ghATa ke racanAnA nizcita niyamamAM sulekhanakAra mana phAvatI chUTa le nathI. eTale bIjI zailIonA mukAbale nastAlIka zailInuM bAhya svarUpa lagabhaga ekasarakhuM rahyuM che ne nastAlIkanA namUnAomAM kalAmayatAnA pramANanI ekarUpatA bIjI zailIo karatAM vadhu daSTigocara thAya che. Ama te nastAlIka zailIvALA abhilekha gujarAtanA lagabhaga dareka bhAgamAM maLe che. paNa mughala sattAnAM amadAvAda surata bharUca jUnAgaDha khaMbhAta vagere kendrasthaLoe teonI saMkhyA paNa vadhu che ane emAM suMdara ane AkarSaka namUnA paNa sArI saMkhyAmAM che. A zailIne sahuthI prAcIna namUna vaDedarAnA hajIrAnA abhilekha dvArA maLe che. emAM gujarAtanA mughala adhikArI navAba kubudIna. muhammadakhAnanA mRtyune ullekha karatuM aitihAsika lakhANuM nastAlIka zailImAM che ane e ucca koTinI che. enA akSarone vaLAMka tema goLAItathA sIlAInI sapramANatA uparAMta phArasI lakhANanI zilAnI cAre bAju paTTI jevI suMdara nAnI maherAbI paeNnalomAM goThavaNa vadhAre che. 37 17 mA zatakanA prAraMbhanA namUnAomAM I.sa. 1609-10 mAM AlekhAyela jahAMgIranA samayanA gujarAtanA sUbedAra navAba murtajhAkhAna dvArA nirmita kaDInA darabAragaDhavALe lekha paNa suMdara nastAlIkamAM che. 38 e navAbe e ja varSamAM baMdhAvelI bharUcanI be marijadAna lekha paNa evI ja suMdara ane prAsAdika nastAlIka zailImAM che. 39 jahAMgIranA samayane I.sa. 1611 ne amadAvAdanI jumA masijadamAM pANInAM TAMkAM ne hejha baMdhAvavAno ullekha karate abhilekha paNa nastAlIka zailIne suMdara namUno che.40 - zAhajahAMnA samayanA utkRSTa namnAlIka zailInA saMkhyAbaMdha abhilekha prApya che. A abhilekhomAM je ati suMdara che teone moTo bhAga mughala sUbedAra ke moTA adhikArIoe amadAvAda rANapura surata vagere sthaLoe baMdhAvela nAnImoTI ImArata para jovA maLe che e sUcaka che. A atisuMdara ane lAvaNyamaya maroDa tathA snigdha lasarakAvALA akSaro ane phUlabuTTAthI AbhUSita rANapura(jillA amadAvAda)ne I.sa. 1638 nA AjhamakhAna dvArA nirmita gaDhanA mukhya pravezadvArane paNa hAla gAmanI eka masjidamAM sacavAyela lekha41 gujarAtanA to zuM, paNa bhAratanA mughalakAlIna nastAlIka zailInA zreSTha

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lipi 10 muM! [55 namUnAonI haroLamAM mUkI zakAya. prastuta gaDhamAM AvelI masjida ane tamAma tathA bahAra thoDe dUra AvelA eka kUvA para A samayanA je abhilekha che 42 temanI nastAlIka zailI paNa evI ja suMdara che. amadAvAdamAM AjhamakhAne eka varSa pahelAM baMdhAvelA ane enA nAmathI oLakhAtA mahelanA pravezadvArane eka lekha A zailIno utkRSTa namUna che. 43 AvI ja utkRSTa zailIne bIje namUne, I.sa. 1644 ne, suratanI sarAInA lekhamAM maLe che, je atyAre muMbaInA prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamamAM che. gadya ane padyamAM racita A lekha laMba corasa zilA para vacamAM traNa paMktiomAM ADI maherAbI penalo ane enI cAre bAju A penalathI ardhI pahoLA kadanA padamAM kaMDArela che. vacalI penalanA padyalakhANamAM mahAna mughala adhikArI hakIkata khAna dvArA moTA suMdara nastAlIka akSaromAM sarAI-nirmANane ullekha che. penalo tathA paTTA sAthe akSaranA kadanuM virodhAbhAsI vaividhya, akSaronA vakra bhAgo ke ADA UbhA lasarakAonA uThAva uparAMta teonI vacce jaLavAyeluM saMtulita aMtara tathA zailInI kumAza dvArA yakta thatA kalAkauzalanI hRdayaMgama mane haratAe A lekhane nastAlIkanA utkRSTa namUnAomAM agrima sthAna apAvyuM che. lekhamAM sulekhanakAra muhammada amIna mahadIe potAnuM nAma paNa ApyuM che. AvI ja atyaMta manohara ane snigdha nastAlIka zailIvALo 11 kaDIonA kAvyane lekha amadAvAdamAM khAnapuramAM AvelI zAha abdula vahAba sAhebanI daragAhanI masjidamAM che." I.sa. 1654mAM zAhajAdA murAdabambanI sUbAgIrI samaye mukAyelo A lekha sAdI kamAna AkAranI ADI penalonI be be paMktiomAM uttama koTinI nastAlIka zailImAM abhilikhita che ane A zailIne zreSTha namUne pUro pADe che. nastAlIka 17mA zatakanA bIjA uttama namUnAmAM jUnAgaDha tathA amadAvAdamAM upalabdha auraMgajhebanA samayamAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra saradArakhAnanA abhilekha paNa ullekhanIya che. jUnAgaDhanA saradArabAgamAM AvelI masjida tathA bIjI imArato paranA I.sa. 1680-81 ne lekhanuM sulekhana ucca koTinuM ane enAthI paNa vadhu suMdara nastAlIka zailIvALo amadAvAdamAM jamAlapuramAM AvelA saradArakhAnanA rojAne mRtyulekha che.47 I. sa. 1683-84 lagabhagano cAre bAju suMdara phUlapattInI jADI paTTI vacce sAdI penala pADyA vagaranI jagyAmAM abhilikhita A lekha niHzaMka A zailInA sarvazreSTha namUnAomAM mUkI zakAya.

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35). mughala kAla 17 mI sadInA uttarArdhanA nastAlIkanA bIjo sudara namUnAmAM jUnAgaDha mAMgaroLa tathA temanAtha48 khAte auraMgajhebanA soraThanA sUbedAra zAhavaTI khAna dvArA jArI karAyela AdezavALA lekha uparAMta amadAvAdane I.sa. 16pa1ne. jIvaNapoLanI masjidano tathA bAdazAhanA hajIrAmAM AvelA koTavAlakhAnane I.sa. 1656 ne mRtyulekha tathA pIra muhammadazAhanA rojAnI masjidamAMno I.sa. 1681no tathA hajarata mUsA sAhebanI daragAhanI masjidane I.sa.168889,49 suratamAM abdura hemAna nAme sulekhanakAranA haste abhilikhita I.sa. 1681 ne tathA eja varSamAM TIDela marijadane abUra dvArA lakhAyele 50 pATaNane adhUra, paNa A zatakanA aMtamAM lakhAyelo,pa1 evA abhilekhono samAveza thAya che. uparavALA badhA lekha UbharAI AvelA akSaromAM kaMDAravAmAM AvyA che, mAtra bharUcanA 1609-10 vALA be lekha paththaranI aMdara kotarI kADhelA akSaromAM che. bharUca temaja suratanA 18 mA zatakanA saMkhyAbaMdha arabI temaja phArasI lekha AvI rIte saMskRta lekhanI jema kotaravAmAM AvelA che. bharUcanI kATavALa masjidano I.sa. 1721-22 ne sutaranI TIMDela masjidane I.sa. 1681, gopItalAvanA I.sa. 1717-18nA lekha (jemAMnA ekamAM sulekhanakAra valIullAhanuM nAma maLe che), bhAgalabIriyA daravAjAno I.sa. 172 ne, mulAmajidane I.sa. 1722-23 ne, lAla daravAjAne I.sa. 1738-39no para A badhA lekha suMdara nastAlIka sulekhana ane vividha AkAranI kalAtmaka pinalenI manaharatA mATe beMdhapAtra che. 18 mA zatakanA UbharAI AvelA akSaravALA bIjAM sthaLonA saMkhyAbaMdha namUnA upalabdha che; jema ke amadAvAdanA salApasa roDa upara AvelA muslima yatimakhAnA para temaja pAse mughala sUbedAra sujAtakhAnanA rojA ane masjidanA I.sa. 1701 nI AsapAsanA temaja rAjA raghunAtha dvArA nirmita pAMcakUvA pAsenI vAvane I.sa. 17rara-ra3 ne, 53 godharAnI nagInA masjida I.sa. 1736-37,54 vagere. A badhA lekhenuM nastAlIka Alekhana ucca koTinuM che. mughala sattAnA asta samaye nastAlIkanA abhilekhanI zailImAM AvAM avanatinAM eMdhANa maLe che, paNa samagra rIte joIe te sulekhana sAva UtaratI kakSAe gayuM nathI ane sAdhAraNa suMdara kahI zakAya tevA saMkhyAbaMdha namUnA amadAvAda khaMbhAta surata bharUca jUnAgaDha mAMgarALa kutiyANA bhUja samI (ji. banAsakAMThA) vagere sthaLoe maLI Ave che. 15 A badhAmAM khaMbhAtanA navAbI

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14 muM] lipi - ' * pi7 samayanA saMkhyAbaMdha abhilekha-jemAMnA moTA bhAganA mRtyulekha che-AgavuM sthAna dharAve che. A kakSAmAM AvatA abhilekha tyAMnA suratI makabarA ke baDA makabarAnA nAme oLakhAtA rajAomAM maLI AvyA che.pas bIjI zailImAM tujhAnA abhilekha khAsa maLatA nathI. lAkSaNika tujhA atimaryAdita che. tujhAnA lAkSaNika namUnAomAM 16-17 mA zatakanA be ullekhanIya che: eka amadAvAdanA vikhyAta saMtakavi zAha alIcha gAmadhaNanI jamAlapura roDa paranI daragAhanI pAchaLa AvelI majidane lekha che.pa7 jemAM allAha muhammada (sa. a. va. sa.) tathA emanA cAra mukhya sahacara hajharata abubakra Ura usmAna ane alI (ra.a) vagerenAM nAmanuM thultha raulInA sucA rUpamAM Alekhana thayuM che. bIjo namUne vaDedarAnA hajIrAvALA lekhana che. emAM lekhanA kamAnadAra bhAgamaaMkita aMza-IslAmane prathama kalima-tugrAnA eka bIjA lAkSaNika rUpamAM che, jene tujhAe maasa' (arthAta UlaTa-sujhA) kahevAmAM Ave che. AmAM prastuta kalimAnuM jamaNI bAju lakhAyeluM lakhANa DAbI tarapha paDe tevA bilakula UlaTA kramamAM AlekhAyeluM che.58 pAdaTIpa 1. juo vallabha vidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA', pu. 1, aMka 2, paTTa 20. 2. pra. ci. parIkha, gujarAtamAM brAhIthI nagarI sudhI lipivikAsa', pR. 249 3. A lipine udbhava to salatanata kAlanA uttarArdhamAM thayo hato, paNa ene mukhya vikAsa mughala kAlamAM thayo hovAthI enu vigate nirUpaNa ahIM karavuM ucita mAnyuM che. 4. bacubhAI rAvata, lipivikAsa', "kumAra"; pu. 14, 5, 164 5. "vimalaprabaMdha, khaMDa 5, kaMDikA 46-47 6. vrajalAla zAstrI, "gujarAtI bhASAne itihAsa, pR. 69 7. anaMta kAbA priyALakara, gujarAtI mudraNakaLAnuM Adiparva, "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA mAsika". pR. 13, aMka 4, pR. 40 8- gujarAta vidyAsabhA ane bho. je. adhyayana saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana, amadAvAdanA saMgrahAlayamAM saMgrahIta hastaprata kramAMka (gujarAtI) ra66 10 sadara sthAna, hastaprata kramAMka (gujarAtI) 28 11, sadara sthAna, hastaprata (gujarAtI) kramAMka ra92 ba.

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359] sughala kAla 12. sadara sthAna, hastaprata (gujarAtI) 915 13. A varNanA vikAsa mATe jue pra. ci, parIkha, 'gujarAtI lipi'. "vA", mArca, 1969, pR. 7 uparanA paTTa 14. AnuM kAraNa abhilekhAmAM dhArmika sUtreA vagerenuM pramANa dekhItAM kAraNeAsara avirata rahyuM te che. 15. Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy (ARIE), 1962-63, No. D, 42 16. ARIE, 1959-60. No, D, 45 (I.sa. 1629), 47 (I.sa. 1634); ibid, 1973-74, No. D, 55 (I.sa. 1638) 17. Ibid., 1967-68, No. D, 91 (1674-55 nI AsapAsane) 18. Ibid., No. D, 175 (1691-92), 176 (I.sa. 1698-99) 19. Ibid., 1959-60, No. D, 87-88; Epigraphia Indica, Arabic and Persian Supplement (EIAPS) 1970, pp., 71-72, pl. XVIII a, b. A lekha I.sa. 1583 nA che. 20. ARIE, 1956-57, No. D, 47. A lekha mRtyulekha nathI, paNa jalAlI phrikAnA be phakIra celAo dvArA baMdhAyelI tathA vak karAyelI amuka milakata bAbata che, 21. Dr. M. A. Chaghtai. Muslim Monuments of Ahmedabad through ther Inscriptions (MMA) p. 85, pl. XXXVII and XXXIX; ARIE, 1954-55, No. C. 33 22. ARIE, 1954-55, No. 33 23. Ibid., 1968-64, D, 83 25. Ibid., 1964-65, No. 26; MMA, 99 (pleTa Apela nathI.) 26. ARIE, 1973-74, Nos. D, 51, 52 24, Ibid., 1959-60, D, 46 1954-55, No. C, 32), 62) tathA I.sa. mAMDavInA lekha paNa suMdaratAmAM 27. khInna amuka lekha-I.sa. 1664 nA dheAdhA (ibid., I.sa. 1694-95 nA pATaNa (ibid., 1960-61, No. D. 1719-20 mAMDavI (ibid., 1961-62, No. D, 20) nA che, kha'bhAtanA 14 mI sadInA lekhA jevI zailI ane gAThavaNanA che, eTalA utkRSTa nathI. 28. Ibid., 1956-57, No. D, 13, 14; ibid., 1963-64, Nos. D, 64-75, 77-81

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lipi Ni 29. Ibid, 1960-61, No. D, 64, EIAPS, 1970, p. 66, pl. XVI b_ 30. ARIE, 1954-55, No. C, 46 31. Ibid, No. D, 44 32. Ibid, 1967-68, Nos, D, 110, ill; M MA, p. 67, pl. XXV b, e mAM varSa saMkhyA hisa. 1049 (I.sa. 1939) apAI che. e hi.sa. 1059 (I.sa. 1649) joIe. 33. Ibid, 1968-69, No. D, 216. 34. Ibid, 1967-68, Nos. D, 175-176 35-36. Ibid., No. 106 37 Ibid, 1959-60, Nos. D. 87-88 36, Ibid., 1964-65, No. D, 33; Important Inscription s of the Baroda State, No II, p. 9, plate III 34. Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica (EIM), 1933-34, Supplement, p. 33, plate XIX b, e. A lekha paththaranI aMdara kotarAyelA maLe che. xo, MMA, p. 45, plate Xb 41. ARIE, 1954-55, No. E, 16 42. Ibid, Nos. D, 17-19. A lekha I.sa. 1641. 1642 nA che. 43. EIM, 1967-68, No. D, 90; MMA, p. 87 (no plate). 44. EIM, 1925-26, p. 11, plate VI a; A sarAI, jemAM suratanuM myunisipala kAryAlaya bese che; te sthApatyanA mAMDa be-traNa upalabdha namUnAo mAne eka hoI enuM rakSaNa thavuM ghaTe. 45. ARIE. 1967-68. No. D, 93; MMA pp. 90-91 (pleTa nathI). 46. Ibid, 1954-55, Nos. E. 129-131 47. Ibid, 1967-68, No. D, 150. cAlu sadInA pUrvArdhamAM kaI lekanA haste A lekha teDI nAkhavAmAM Avyo che ane ene keI avazeSa bace nathI, sa6 - bhAge enI pratilipi bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNanI nAgapura-sthiti arabI phArasI abhilekhenI zAkhAmAM upalabdha che. 48. Ibid, 1952-53, No. C, 118; Ibid, 1954-55, Nos. c 132, 143; LEIAPS. 1955 and 1956, p. 99, pl. XXVI e, seminAthavALe lekha jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM che.

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mughala kAla na Ni, 49. MMA, p. 69, pl. XLy; ARIE. 1959-60, No, D, 42. 1967-68 Nos. D, 132; 106 40 EIM, 1933-34, Supplement, p, 39, pl. XXII b 51. ARIE, 1954-55, No. E, 63 para. Ibid, p. 39, pp. XXIIb; p. 44, pl. XXIII a, b, ARIE, 1965- 66, No. D. 33 53. ARIE, 1967-68, Nos. 99, 165; Ibid, 1970-71, No. D, 57 54. Ibid, 1968-69, No. D, 215 55. Ibid, 1954-55, Nos. 6. 134 (I.sa. 1757). 144 (I.sa. 1733). 145 (I.. 1749); bid, 1956-87, No. D, 41 (I.sa 1722-23); 1961-62 No. D. 13 (I.sa. 1744-1745) vagere 56. Ibid, 1973-74 Nos. D, 21 (I.sa. 1805). 31 (I.sa. 1782-83) 57. Ibid, 1966-67, No. D, 44 58. Ibid, 1959, No. D, 87; EIAPS, 1970, p. 71, pl, XVIII b

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prakaraNa 11 dharma-saMpradAyo 1. hiMdu-jaina hiMdu dharmanA be mukhya saMpradAya te zaiva-zAkta ane vaiSNava. sAtamAAThamA saikAmAM zaiva dharma e pAzupata, zaiva, korakasiddhAMta ane kApAlika e cAra saMpradAye rUpe vibhakta thayela hovAnA purAvA maLe che. lagabhaga 14 mA saikA sudhI A cAreya saMpradAya pracalita hatA, paNa samasta dezamAM temaja gujarAtamAM pAzupata saMpradAyane vizeSa pracAra hato ema jaNAya che. muslima AkramaNanuM je prabaLa maju gujarAta upara AvyuM temAM solaMkI kAlamAM baMdhAyelAM vizALa ane bhavya zivamaMdirane tathA pAzupata mane ghaNe aMze lepa thaI gayo ane sAdA zaiva dharma paurANika zivabhaktinA rUpamAM jIvaMta rahyo. gujarAtanuM bhAgye ja koI gAmaDuM evuM haze, jemAM gAmanI vacce cerAmAM ke pAdare ekAda zivaliMga ke zivamaMdira na hoya athavA ekAda maMdiramAM sItArAma, rAdhAkRSNa ke lakSmInArAyaNanI pUjA thatI na hoya gorakhanAtha saMpradAya ke nAtha saMpradAya keTalAka vidvAnonA mata pramANe yuga saMpradAya che, paNa phahara vagere abhyAsIe ene jUnA kApAlikA mata sAthe saMbaMdhavALo zaiva saMpradAya gaNe che, emAM garakhanAthanI zivarUpe pUjA thAya che. AthI zivamArganA vimarzamAM nAtha saMpradAyano paNa samAveza kare ucita che. kacchamAM dhINodharanuM sthAnaka nAtha saMpradAyanA kendra tarIke jANItuM che. mughala kAlamAM dhINodharanA sthAnakanI jAgIra rAjya taraphathI ghaNuM dAna meLavatI hoI samRddha hatI. e sthAnakanA vahIvaTadAra sthAnakanA nAme dhIradhArane dhaMdho karatA. enA saM. 1601 thI saM. 1702 sudhInA copaDA maLyA che te uparathI e sthAnakanAM vahIvaTa ane vyavasthA tathA AsapAsanI prajA sAthenA enA saMbaMdha aMge ghaNuM jANavA maLe che. kacchamAM A uparAMta nArAyaNa sarovara, koTezvara vagere sthaLoe paNa nAtha saMpradAyanI jAgIra hatI. taLa-gujarAta ane saurASTranAM gAma-nagaromAM lagabhaga svAtaMtryaprAptinA samaya sudhI evAM zaivamaMdira ke evA

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kara mughala kAla pra. maTha hatA, je vizALa jamInanI athavA ekAda gAmanI UpajanA mAlika gaNAtA evAM maMdirone pUrvakAlIna pAzupata saMpradAya ke nAtha saMpradAyanA maThanA avazeSarU5 gaNavAM joIe. ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM saMpradAyanukULa zivabhakti karatAM sAdI paurANika zivabhakita hiMdu prajAmAM vadhAre vyApaka dekhAya che ane aneka brAhmaNa bhakato zAMkaradarzanane mAnavA chatAM paNa zivaliMganuM bhajanapUjana kare che. sAmAnya leke ghera ke maMdiramAM zivaliMgane vaidika maMtrothI pUje che. jyotiliMga manAtA kAzI vizvanAtha kedAranAtha rAmezvara mahAkAlezvara vagere mULa cheka cethAthI sAtamA zataka jeTalAM junAM tathA bIjAM pAchaLathI UbhAM thayelAM zaiva tIrthonI yAtrA kare che; ane bheLAzaMbhu pANInA leTAthI biTavapatrathI ane sAdI bhakitathI paNa prasanna thAya che ema mAnI sAMtvana pAme che. prastuta kAlakhaMDamAM zaivadharmaprerita je sAhitya gujarAtI bhASAmAM racAyuM che temAM prAcInatara zaiva saMpradAyane prabhAva nathI, paNa paurANika zivabhakitanuM e samarthana kare che ane purANazravaNanI lokacine saMtoSavA mATe enI racanA thaI hoya ema spaSTa jaNAya che. gujarAtI AkhyAnakAvyane pitA gaNAte pATaNanivAsI kavi bhAlaNa 16 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM arthAt mughala kAlanI pUve thayA che, paNa eNe racela "ziva-bhIlaDI saMvAda e zivabhakitaprerita upalabdha gujarAtI kAvyamAM kadAca prathama che. bhAlaNa kavi te zivabhakta na hato e jotAM enuM A kAvya sAMpradAyika zivabhakita karatAM vyApaka ane samanvita paurANika bhakitanuM phaLa gaNAya. vaDedarAnivAsI kavi nAkare I.sa. 1560-1930) 'harizcaMdrAkhyAna "okhAharaNa", 'naLAkhyAna' Adianeka paurANika AkhyAna lakhyAM che tema "zivavivAha" race che, emAM preraNuM zivabhakti karatAM paurANika AkhyAne dvArA kAnurajananI che. * kavi murArie (I.sa. 1919) tathA vasAvaDanA nAgara brAhmaNa kAlidAse (I.sa. 1614 AsapAsa) "IzvaravivAha phae che. IzvaravivAhanAM gIta keTalIka jJAtimAM lagnaprasaMge gAvAno rivAja hovAthI IzvaravivAha' nAmanI bIjI kRtio paNa racAI che. zivAnaMde (I.sa. 1744) zivastutinAM pada ane AratIonI racanA karI che. premAnaMdanA samakAlIna kavi ratnezvare bhAgavatanA kaMdha gujarAtImAM utAryA che e sAthe zivamahimna stotranuM bhASAMtara karyuM che e batAve che ke ene mana viSNu ane ziva samAna hatA. " kavi za maLe zivapurANuM mAhAya gujarAtImAM utAryuM che. tatkAlIna gujarAtI sAhityamAMthI AvAM bIjA aneka udAharaNa TAMkI zakAya.

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dhasagrahAyA [393 razaiva sapradAyanI sAthe svAbhAvika rIte ja zAkta saMpradAyane vicAra thAya gujarAtanAM zAkta pIThAmAM mukhya aMbikApITha ArAsuramAM che. kAlikApITha pAvAgaDhamAM tathA giranAramAM che. saurASTramAM prabhAsakSetra ane piMDatAraka kSetra jANItAM che, kaulagiripIDa te hAla kAyalA nAme prasiddha che, temAM harisiddhidevI che. kacchamAM AzApUrA mAtAneA maDha nArAyaNa sareAvarathI bAra gAu upara che. rudrANI bhUjathI gheADe dUra che. okhAmaDaLanA beTamAM abhayA mAtAnuM pIThe che, AraMbhaDAmAM lUNI mAtA che. dvArakAmAM rumiNI ane caMdrabhAgA che ane bhadrakAlI pI pazu che. kAlAvaDamAM zItaLA mAtA che. haLavadamAM suMdarI pITha che. upaleTA pAse khatrIe kuLadevatA mAtrImAtA che. bhAvanagara pAse kheADiyAra mAtA che. AANumAM aMdA devInuM pITha che. nama`dAtIre anasUyA kSetra che. cu vALamAM bahucarAjImAM bahucarAjI pUjAyAM. araNeja. mAM bUTa pUjAyAM ane ziheArathI paMdara mAIla dUra bAkalake AgaLa khulAla pUjAyAM.7 11] kharavAhanI zItalAmAtAnuM rUpavidhAna zAstragraMthAmAM ApyuM hAvA chatAM zItalApUjAnuM mULa leAkadhama`mAM che (gujarAtanI judI judI jJAtionI sevya devatAe paikI aneka udAharaNa tarIke mADha jJAtinI mAtaMgI ane enI bahena zyAmalA, vAyaDA viNukA ane brAhmaNAnI saMmIrI kAmadA athavA vAyaDa mAtA, jhArALA brAhmA ane vaNikAnI himajA mAtA, jayeSDImallA ane vALaMdezanI niMbajA mAtA ityAdi) mATe Avu vidhAna karI zakAya, mughala kAlamAM gujarAtamAM jagavyApinI zaktinAM A sava svarUpanI pUjA thatI hatI. zAkta saMpradAyanuM je sAhitya A kAlamAM racAyuM che te siddhAMtacarcAnu nahi, paNa bhaktipradhAna che ane emAM devInAM aneka rUpAnI stuti karavAmAM AvI che. (huMsamIThuM athavA mIThuM mahArAjakRta saMskRta graMtha 'hu'savilAsa'ne AmAM apavAda- rUpa gaNavA joIe. zAktasaMpradAyanI siddhAMtacarcAtA tathA enA AcArAnA e graMtha che.) saurASTranA nAgara kavi nAthabhAne (janma I.sa. 1625) potAnI kuLadevI AnaMdezvarInI stutirUpe 'akhA Anana"neA kavitvamaya garA racyA che te vAMcatAM samajAya che ke trinI dRSTimAM devI vastutaH sthUla rUpavALI vyakti nathI, paraMtu pUrNa brahmanI vizvavyApaka cinmayI zakti che. nAthalavAne zrIdharIgItAnuM ane mutasaMhitAmAM aMtagata brahmagItAnuM padyAtmaka bhASAMtara karyu che, upasaka tarIke tee zAkta che, paNa vastusiddhAMtamAM adre tavAdI che. uttarAvasthAmAM emaNe sanyAsa lIdhA hatA ane abhavAnaMda nAma dhAraNa karyuM hatuM. enu jIvana tema kratrana tema tatkAlIna hiMdu jIvananA dhArmika samanvayavAda samajavA mATe agatyanuM che.

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3}] sughala kAla Deng khAlA zaktinA parama bhakti ane devI mAganA kAryane samajanAra valabha bhaTTa athavA vallabha dhALAnA janma I. sa. 1584 mAM thayA hatA, ene mana paNa devIsvarUpanI bhAvanA sthUla nahi, paraMtu sUkSma rUpanI hatI. devIbhaktinAM kAvya racanAra gujarAtI kaviomAM e sarvottama che.1 1 'haMsavilAsa'nA kartA mIThu mahArAja (I. sa. 1738-1791) gujarAtamAM zAkta sa`pradAyanAM tattvaciMtaka temaja uttama gujarAtI kavi thaI gayA. emaNe saMskRta ane gujarAtImAM racanA karI che tathA zaMkaracAkRta devIstAtra "saundaryalaharI" athavA "zrIlaharI"nA zikhariNI chaMdamAM ja suMdara gujarAtI samapleAkI anuvAda karyAM che. zAkta saMpradAyanI rasika kaviyatrI janIbhAI A mIThu mahArAjanI ziSyA hatI. 13 devIstutinAM kAvya racanArA bIjA aneka kavie ane padyakArI A samayamAM thaI gayA che, pazu upayukta theADAMka mukhya udAharaNu gujarAtamAM zAkta sauMpradAyanA pracAra tathA e pAchaLanAM paribaLAnAM abhyAsa dRSTie ghotaka thaze. viSNunA avatArAmAM rAmanI pUjA-bhakti gujarAtamAM vyApaka hatI, paNa pUrvakAlIna paraMparAnA sAtatyarUpe varAha ane nRsiMhanI mUtio paNu, anya avatArAmAM, pUjAtI, brahmAnI mUrti jyAM pUjAtI heAya tevAM prasiddha tIrtha sthAna e hatAM : uttara gujarAtanu kheDabrahmA ane khabhAta pAsenuM nagara. iTAliyana musAphaeNra DilA vAle (Della Valle) e nagarA khAte brahmAnA maMdiranI mulAkAta lIdhI hovAnuM peAtAnA pravAsavanamAM naidhyu' che. enI A mulAkAta I. sa. 1623 mAM thaI hatI.14 A sivAya, leAkadharmAMnA pravAha purAtana kALathI cADhyA AvatA hatA. viSNubhaktinI para parAmAM kRSNabhaktinuM -emAMye premalakSaNA bhaktinu viziSTa sthAna che. bhAgavataprAkta kRSNabhaktinAM pramANa gujarAtamAM nidAna sAla kIkAla jeTalAM prAcIna te| ni:za`kapaNe upalabdha che, jayadevakRta "gItagAvi'da''nA ma'galAcaraNamAMnA levAnuttute e zlAka sAra'gadeva vAdhelAnA anAvADAnA zilAlekhamAM uddhRta thayela che. AcArya hemacaMdranA prAkRta vyAkaraNamAM uSkRta thayelA, rAdhAkRSNa vizenA zRMgArika apabhraMza dUhA spaSTa rIte batAve che ke rAdhAkRSNanI lIlAonuM gAna bahujanasamAjamAM vyApaka hatuM. Ama joI zakAze ke narasiMha-mIrAMnI bhaktijvAlAnuM prAkaTaSa Akasmika nahAtu; paNa e pUrvenA dhArmika AMdolana-itihAsanuM svAbhavika pariNAma hatuM.

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11muM] dharmasaMpradAya | bhAgavata jevAM purANee, "gItagoviMda' jevAM kAvyae ane narasiMha mahetA jevA bhaktakavioe lekamAM bhakitabhAva vadhAryo ane paDyo hato, paNa bhakitane relAvavA mATe sAmAnya lokone anukuLa Ave tevo kaI mArga saMpradAya cIMdhyo nahoto. evo mArga banAvanArA zuddhAta ke puSTimArgane pravartaka zrImadvallabhAcArya hatA. vallabhAcAryane janma I.sa. 1472 mAM ane svargavAsa I.sa. 1530 mAM thayo hato. 5 gujarAtamAM mughala rAjayasattAnI sthApanA thayA pUrve Ama, cAreka dasakA pahelAM vallabhAcAryajIne svargavAsa thayA hatA, paNa emanA tathA emanA uttarAdhikArIonA jIvanakAryanI UMDI asara mAtra mughala kAlanA ja nahi, paNa Aja sudhInA gujarAtanA dhArmikasAMskArika jIvana upara thayelI hoI e vize keTalIka vAta ahIM karavI prastuta thaze. AcArya hemacaMdranA jIvana ane kArya dvArA sabaLa thayelI jaina dharmanI paraMparAe gujarAtamAM ahiMsA tapa ane dAnadharmane damUla banAvyAM ane saghana vidyAnA samartha paraMparA UbhI karI, zrImaddavalabhAcArya tathA emanA vaMzajoe AryadharmasaMmata A paraMparAno savIkAra karIne emAM sevA AnaM ane utsavone ullAsa umerIne prajAjIvanane sAcA arthamAM navapallavatA apI bhakitamArga sarva prakAranA adhikArIo mATe cAlu karyo. samasta bhAratanI tIrthayAtrA daramyAna vallabhAcArya aneka mahatvanAM sthAne e bhAgavata-pArAyaNa karavAno krama rAkhyo hato. jyAM A rIte pArAyaNa thayAM te sthAna "mahAprabhujInI beThaka tarIke oLakhAya che. AsetuhimAcaNa samasta bhAratamAM AvI beThake che. gujarAtamAM AvI beThe nIcenA sthAnee che: surata bharUca morabI navAnagara khaMbhALiyA piMDatAraka-pIMDArA, mUlagomatA dvArakA gopItaLAva beTa-zaMkhedAra nArAyaNasarovara jUnAgaDha prabhAsakSetra mAdhavapura (gheDa), guptaprayAga tagaDI (dhaMdhukA pAse) naroDA (amadAvAda pAse) 16 godharA, siddhapura ane kherALu.18 valabhAcAryanA putra viThThalanAthajI saM. 1600 (I.sa. 1544)mAM gujarAtanI yAtrAe prathama vAra AvyA hatA. e pachI emaNe saM. 1613 (Isa 1557) saM. 1619 (I.sa. 1563),saM. 1623 (I.sa.1567), saM. 1631 (I.sa. 1575), ane saM. 1638 (I.sa. 1582) mAM ema kula cha vAra gujarAtanI yAtrA karI hatI, amadAvAda najIka sikaMdarapurA ke asAravAmAM bhAIlA koThArI nAme vaiSNavane ghera viThThalanAthajI mukAma karatA. e sthAna AcAryajInI beThaka tarIke Aja sudhI jANItuM che. *

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216] bughala kAla [pra. viThThalanAthajIe akabara pAdazAha upara sAro prabhAva pADyuM hatuM. akabare khAsa pharamAna bahAra pADI viThThalanAthajIne koI prakAranI kanaDagata vinA gokuLamathurAmAM rahevA devAne, emanI gAyane khAsA jamInamAM devAne temaja jatIpurA ane gokuLane sarva prakAranA korAthI mukta karIne peDhI, yAvacaMdradivAkarI bhagavaTo karavAno hukama Ape hato.21 mathurAmAM viThThalanAthajInI havelI eka tIrthadhAma banI hatI. sAta putrone emaNe sAta sevA seMpI dIdhI hatI ane e rIte sAta ghara-maMdira banyAM hatAM ane ethI e sthAna "satadharA" tarIke jANItuM thayuM hatuM. 22 viThThalanAthajInA svargavAsa pachI emanA sAte putronI sAta gAdI sthapAI ane puSTimArga "saMpradAya" tarIke vyApaka banyo. mathurA upadravane kAraNe zrInAthajIne temaja ThAkorajInAM anya svarUpane pachInA AcAryoe anyatra padharAvavAno nirNaya karyo. saM. 1728 (I.sa. 1672)mAM udayapuranA rANuM rAjasiMhanA AgrahathI zrInAthajIne mevADanA sihADa nAme sthaLe maMdiramAM padharAvavAmAM AvyA e sthAna-nAthadvArA puSTimArganA pramukha tIrthasthAna tarIke prasiddha che. sAta svarUpamAMthI chaThThA zrI bAlakRSNajIne uttarottara ekabIjA sthAnamAM thaI chevaTe suratamAM AvyA ane e rIte eka gAdI gujarAtamAM thaI. 23 zrI viThThalanAthajIne kAla mughalAIthI pUra caDatIne hato. kalAkArIgarI sAthe sAthe majazekhanI samRddhi enI zreSTha kaTie e yugamAM pahoMcI hatI. ane ApaNe joIe chIe ke zrI...nAM zRMgAra, vezabhUSA dharavAnI vibhinna annasAmagrI saMgIta, sAhityaracanA AdimAM sarvottamatA vauSNava maMdiramAM ja svIkAravAmAM AvI, palAI, phAlI- phalI. zrI.....nAM vezabhUSA ane anasAmagrImAM paNa mughalAI kAlanuM anusaraNa ApaNane TheraThera jovA maLe che. zrInAthajIyamunAjIna. zRMgAra-vezabhUvA AdikamAM najare jotAM ja ApaNe A anubhavI zakIe chIe, chappana bhoganI sAmagrImAM aneka prakAranAM miSTAne, taLelA padArtho Adi vibhinna vAnIomAM IrAnI majazekhanAM suMdara je pariNAma bhAratavarSane bheTa maLyAM te jovA-AsvAdane vega ApaNane maLe che. khuda zrIviThThalanAthajIthI laI zrIharirAyajI zrI puruSottamajI jevA mahAna vaiSNava AcAryonI vezabhUSAmAM mughala-rAjapUta vezabhUSAnAM darzana A hakIkatane spaSTa karI Ape che. 24

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dhasansa dAyA [367 vallabhAcAjI ane emanA utarAdhikArIe ane pachInA AcAryAMne gujarAtamAM aneka samatha ane custa anuyAyIo maLyA; gujarAtamAM puSTimAgatA bahu jhaDapathI prasAra thayA ane ekAda saikAmAM ja e mArga eTale prabala thaye ke baiSNava mA nA payAya puSTimAga mAnavA lAgyuMA. vrajamaMDalanI sAthe gujarAta ane rAjasthAna puSTimArganAM keMdra banyAM. vizeSata: gujarAtanI vaNika jJAtimAM puSTimA dhaNA lokapriya thayeA 25 11 mu puSTimArganA anuyAyI gujarAtI kaviomAMthI sauthI jUnA kavi ge|pAladAsa che. asAravAmAM, viThThalanAthajI jemane tyAM nivAsa karatA e bhAIlA kAThArInA A geApAladAsa jamAI thAya ane viThThalanAthajInI kRpAthI emanAmAM katvivazakti pragaTa thaI hatI evI mAnyatA che. gujarAtI bhASAnuM suMdara aitihAsika AkhyAna 'vallabhAkhyAna' (I.sa 1580 AsapAsa) emaNe racyuM che. zrIvallabhAcAryanu caritra AlekhatuM A kAvya che ane emanA caritranAM mahattvanAM sAdhanAmAM enI gaNanA thAya che. A vallabhAkhyAna'vaiSNavAmAM khUba lokapriya che tathA enu mahattva eTalu` manAyuM ke gaiAsvAmI zrIjIvanajIe e upara vrajabhASAmAM ane amadAvAdanI dosIvADAnI poLanA naTavaralAla zyAmalAlavALA geA. zrIvrajarAyajIe saMskRtamAM (19 mI sadI) TIkA lakhI che. uddhavasaMdezanA viSaya upara gujarAtImAM 'rasikegItA' racanAra kavi bhIma paNa viThThalanAthajIneAM ziSya hatA.ra6 aMdAje IsavI sananA 17 mA zatakanA AraMbhamAM thayelA kezavadAsa vaiSNave vallabhavela' nAme aitihAsika kAvya racyu che. zrIvallabhacAya, emanA putra viThThalanAthajI tathA emanA putra geAkulanAthajInA jIvanaprasa MgAnuM Alekhana agatyanI sAlavArI sAthe A kAvyamAM thayuM che. geApAladAsanA 'vallabhAkhyAna'nA paNa emAM ullekha che.27 e ja arasAmAM geApAladAsa vyArAvALAe 'prAkaTayasiddhAMta' nAme kAvyagraMtha racyA che. emAM vallabhAcAya ane viThThalanAyajInAM caritra sakSepamAM ApI geAkulanAthajInuM carita vistArathI AlekhavAmAM Avyuche.28 gApAladAsa vyArAvALAnA samakAlIna mahAvadAse 'geAkulanAthajInA vivAha' racyA che. geAkulanAthajInuM lagna gujarAtanA veNAbhaTTanI putrI pArvatI sAthe thayelu evu rasika varNana emAM che.A uparAMta mahAvadAse 'rasiMdhu' ane 'rasAlaya' e kRSNalIlAnuM gAna karatAM ala kRta kAvya racyAM che.29 gujarAtamAM puSTimArganA pracAranA prAra`bhika tihAsa tathA e samayanuM dhAmi~ka-sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa A puSTimArgIya kavionI kRtiomAM jovA maLe che. teo sAmAnya arthamAM vaiSNava kavie mAtra nathI, paNa puSTimAganA custa anuyAyIo che ane emanI paraMparA TheTha arvAcIna kAla sudhI cAlu rahI che.

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[, 318). mughala kAla, - paNa gujarAtamAM puSTimArganA ItihAsanA AlekhanamAM kRSNadAsanuM nAma aviramaNIya che. vrajabhASAnA suprasiddha aSTachApa kaviomAMnA cothA kaNadAsa carotaranA leuA pATIdAra hatA. I.sa. 156nA arasAmAM teo dharathI virakata thaI trajamAM jaI vasyA hatA ane vallabhAcAryajI pAse brahmasaMbaMdha dIkSA pAmI parama vaiSNava banyA hatA. kRSNadAsajInI vyavahArakuzaLatA joI vallabhAcAryajIe emane gevardhanagiri para zrInAthajInA maMdiranA mukhya adhikArInuM sthAna ApyuM hatuM tyArathI Aja sudhI zrInAthajInA adhikArIpade je vyakti Ave te "kaNa dAsajI tarIke oLakhAya che, eTaluM ja nahi, mukhya bhaMDAra paNa "kRSNabhaMDAra kahevAya che. kRSNadAsanAM pada gAvAmAM agharAM chatAM khUba bhAvavAhI che. viThThalanAthanA samaya sudhI kRSNadAsa vidyamAna hatA ane viThThalanAthajI emanI ghaNI AmanyA rAkhatA. mughala kAlanA gujarAtanAM hiMdu-jaina tIrthasthAnenI yAdI "mirAte ahamadI. nA kartAe ApI che tathA pratyeka tIrthasthAna vize saMkSepamAM vizeSa vigato ApI che. hiMda tIrthasthAnamAM somanAtha dvArakA beTa-zaMkhoddhAra, mAMgaroLa pAse mAdhavapura, giranAra upara aMbAbhavAnI ane kAlikAbhavAnI, bhairavajapa, gopanAtha UnA gAmamAM dAmodaranuM maMdira, saMkhalapuramAM bahucarAjInuM maMdira, keDInAra pAse muLa dvArakA, porabaMdaramAM sudAmAjInuM maMdira, dhoLakA pAse caMdezvara mahAdeva. Aba, upara acalezvara, ThAsarA pAse ukaTezvara, DAkoramAM raNachoDajI, 31 rAjapIpaLA pAse zUlapANezvara, pAvAgaDha upara kAlakAra bhavAnI, dAMtA pAse aMbAbhavAnI ane siddhapuramAM rudramAlanI neMdha emAM che. amadAvAda zaheranAM devasthAnamAM "mirAte ahamadI' nIcenAM maMdiro vize mAhitI Ape che. pAMDavInI piLamAM raNachoDajInuM maMdira, sAraMgapuramAM raNachoDajInuM madira3435 hAjA paTelanI poLamAM raghunAthajInuM maMdira, caMgaLamAM ebrAhmaNanA gharamAM madamehanajInuM maMdira, dezIvADAnI piALamAM gokulacaMdranuM madira, mAMDAvInA piLamAM devanI zerImAM rAmanAthanuM maMdira, caMgALamAM aMbAjI ane bahucarAjInuM maMdira tathA AkAzeThanA kUvAnI poLamAM aMbA-bahucarAnuM maMdira, sAraMgapura taLiyAnI poLamAM bahucara-gekha, DhALanI piALamAM totalA bhavAnI, rAjAmahetAnI piALamAM bahucarAjI ane sAMkaDIzerImAM AzApurI amadAvAdanAM parAMonAM maMdiramAM rAjapuranA tulasI mahellAmAM narasiMhajInuM maMdira, rAyapura daravAjA bahAra jAgezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, naMdarAme bAMdhayuM hatuM, kAMkariyAmAM pANI AvavAnA eka garanALA upara kAMkarejI bhavAnInuM maMdira, asAravA gAmamAM mAtara bhavAnInI

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAya vAva ane mAtAne gokha, asAravA gAmamAM vaiSNava dharmanA AcAryajInI beThaka, sAbaramatI upara amInakhAnanA bagIcA pAse bhImanAtha mahAdeva ane khaDUgadhArezvara mahAdeva vagerene vigate ulekha "mirAte ahamadIe karyo che. 37 nadIkinArAnAM gujarAtanAM tIrthomAM mirAte ahamadI'e siddhapuranA sararavatItIrthane ulekha karI tyAM dara kArtikI pUrNimAe bharAtA meLA vize mAhitI ApI che. cANoda karanALInA revAtIrthanI vigata ApI che tathA tyAMthI samudrasaMgama sudhI revAtaTe sarvatra tIrtha gaNAya che ema noMdhyuM che. A uparAMta prabhAsapATaNamAM vRkSa nIce zrIkRSNane pagamAM pAradhInuM bANa vAgyuM hatuM te bhAlakA tIrtha tathA jyAM zrIkRSNane dehatsarga thayo hato te dehatsarganuM tIrtha, dhoLakA pAse sAbaramatI ane hAthamatInA saMgama AgaLa vauThA tIrtha, sAbaramatInA kinAre zAhIbAgamAM dUdhezvara tIrtha,38 mahI nadI jyAM samudrane maLe che te mahI tIrtha ane tApI, nadIne kinAre azvinIkumAra tIrthano ullekha karyo che. kuMDa ane sarovaranAM tIrtho vize "mirAte ahamadI jaNAve che: "A dezamAM evAM sthaLa agaNita che, jeone khaza AMkaDA ApI zakAto nathI, paraMtu temAMthI hiMduomAM je vadhAre prakhyAta che te vize lakhavAmAM Ave che." pachI dvArakAnA maMdira pAse piMDatAraka ane giri kalAsa kuMDa, seraThamAM UnA gAma pAse gaMgAjamanA kuMDa, giranAranI taLeTImAM dAmodara kuMDa, pATaNa tAbe mu japura pAse leTI gAmamAM leTI kuMDa,39 saMkhalapuramAM bahucarAjInA maMdira pAsene kuMDa, siddhapuramAM biMdu sarovara, pATaNamAM sahastraliMga sarovara vagerene paricaya enA lekhake Ave che. vaLI yuvA ane lasuMdarAnA garama pANInA kuMDa, mULa dvArakA pAsene UnA pANIne kuMDa ane gaNadevI pAse devakI unAIne garama pANInA kuMDa vize eNe mAhitI ApI che ane hiMdu prajAmAM pravartatA e kuMDanA mAhAmya vize noMdha karI che.41 brAhmaNonI corAzI jJAtionAM nAma tathA zrAvaka ane mezrInI (arthAta jaina ane vaiSNava vaNikAnI) corAzI jJAtionAM nAma temaja zrAvakanA rAzI garonAM nAma "mirAte ahamadI'mAM ApyAM che. A prakAranI yAdI samakAlIna ane hiMdu jene aitihAsika sAdhane temaja sAhityamAMthI paNa maLe che. sarvamAM gauNa bhede heya to paNa tatkAlIna jJAtibhedo ane gacchabhedanA abhyAsa mATe e agatyanI che. jaina dharma ane AcAra vize "mirAte ahamadI'mAM saMkSipta mAhitI ApI che43 tathA gujarAtanAM jaina tIrthasthAne vize paNa emAM noMdha che.* I-6-24

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370]. mughala kAla zatruMjaya tIrtha vize mAhitI ApatAM "mirAte ahamadI'e moTA kharce thatI saMghayAtrAone ullekha karyo che. A uparAMta kacchamAM bhadrezvara, pATaNa tAbe muMjapura pAse zaMkhezvara, kherALu paragaNAmAM tAraMgAnA pahADa upara tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha, Abu uparanAM maMdira, mezrI lekanI aMbA mAtA pAse kuMbhAriyA, jaMbusara paragaNAmAM kAvI, amadAvAda pAse naroDA, navAnagaranAM maMdire tathA amadAvAdanAM maMdirone emAM ullekha che. amadAvAda vize e lakhe che: "ghaNA mahelAomAM jUnA vakhatathI musalamAnonI bIkanA lIdhe bheMyarAmAM derAM karelAM che. bihAranA jaina tIrtha sametazekharanI anukRtirUpa amadAvAdanA sametazikhara prAsAdano ullekha "mirAte ahamadI'mAM che te mAMDavInI piLamAMnuM sametazikharanuM maMdira haze. e maMdira I.sa.nA 18 mA saikAnI adhavacce badhAyuM hatuM.pa hamaNAM zrAvake lAMbA aMtarane kAraNe asala jagAe darzanArthe jaI zakatA nathI, tethI teo ahIM Ave che e alI muhammadakhAnanuM kathana vastudarzAve che. eNe ApelA kAraNamAM "mirAte ahamadI'nA racanA samaye gujarAtamAM temaja anyatra pravartatI asthira ane binasalAmata rAjakIya paristhitinuM kAraNa paNa umeravuM joIe. paraMtu gujarAtamAM mughala pAdazAha akabara jahAMgIra ane zAhajahAMno rAjayakAla e zAMti ane vepArI AbAdIne kAla hato tathA auraMgajhebanA rAjyakAlamAM paNa zAsana pakSe thayelAM dhArmika bhedabhAva ane sAMpradAyika damane bAjue rAkhIe to ekaMdare jAnamAlanI salAmatI hatI. gujarAtanI jaina dharmanuyAyI prajA bahuzI vepArI prajA hatI. salatanata kAlamAM jaina maMdiro bAMdhavAnI pravRttimAM oTa AvI hatI, jyAre mughala kAlamAM e pravRtti vegavAna banatI jaNAya che. Arthika sthiti vizenA prakaraNamAM jemane nirdeza che te zAha vajiyA ane rAjiyAe vijayasenasUrinI preraNAthI khaMbhAtanA sAgoTA pADAmAM saM. 1644 (I.sa. 1588)mAM jaina maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. saM. 1661(I.sa. 1605)mAM mANekacokamAM sanI tejapAle ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha ane AdIzvaranA maMdiramAM vijayadevasUri pAse mUrtinI pratiSThA karAvI hatI. vijayaprazasti' kAvyamAMnA varNana anusAra, vijayasenasUrinA upadezathI tAraMgA zaMkhezvara siddhAcala(zatrujaya) rANapura ArAsaNa vijApura vagere sthaLo e maMdirano jIrNoddhAra thayA hatA ane kAvI gaMdhAra amadAvAda khaMbhAta pATaNa vagere nagaramAM lagabhaga cAra lAkha jinabiMbanI emane hAthe pratiSThA thaI hatI.47 pATaNamAM vanarAja cAvaDAe baMdhAvelA paMcAsarA pArzvanAthanA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra paNa vijayasenasUrinA upadezathI thayo hato. emAM hIravihAra nAme sthAnamAM hIravijayasUri

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAya [ 37 vijayasenasUri ane vijayadevasUri e tapAgacchanA AcAryonI mUrtio hatI. hIravijayasUrinI mUrti saM. 16 dara(I.sa. 166)mAM tathA vijayasenasUri ane vijayadevasUrinI mUrti saM. 1664 (I.sa. 1608)mAM pratiSThita thaI hatI.48 amadAvAdamAM jhaverIvADamAM AdIzvara bhagavAnanA maMdiramAM mUlanAyakanI mUrti nIce saM. 1666(I.sa. 1609)ne lekha hoI e maMdira jahAMgIranA samayanuM gaNAya. e mahelAmAMnuM saMbhavanAthanuM kalAmaya maMdira paNa e ja samayamAM baMdhAyuM jaNAya che.49 pATaNamAM jhaverIvADamAM amaradattanA putra kuMvarajIe saM. 16para(I.sa. 1596)mAM kharataragacchanA AcArya jinacaMdrasUrinA upadezathI pArzvanAtha athavA vADI pArzvanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM, jenI prasiddhi enA kalAmaya kAThamaMDapa mATe paNa che. e maMdiramAMnA bAvana paMktinA lAMbA saMskRta lekhamAM kharataragacchanA AcAryonI paTTAvali ApI che ane solaMkI kAlathI mAMDI jenA samayamAM A maMdira baMdhAyuM te akabara pAdazAhanA samaya sudhInA AcAryonI nAmAvali sAthe pratyekano saMkSipta vRttAMta emAM Apyo che. emAM jaNAvyuM che ke jinacaMdrasUrie saM. 1648(I.sa. 1592)mAM khaMbhAtamAM cAturmAsa karyo tyAre emanA "amita mahimAnA zravaNathI utkaMThita thayelA akabara pAdazAhe emane maLavA bolAvyA hatA. emanA guNasamudAya vaDe raMjita thaIne akabare ASADha mahinAnI aSTAhnikAe amAri pharamAna tathA khaMbhAtanA samudramAM mInarakSaNanuM pharamAna" kAvyuM hatuM ane AcAryane "sattama" evuM yugapradhAnapada ApyuM hatuM. jinacaMdrasUrie saM. 16para nA mAgha mAsamAM pAdazAhanI upasthitimAM pitAnA ziSya jinahaMsasUrine AcAryapade thayA hatA. A maMdiranA bAMdhakAmanuM muhUrta saM. 1651 nA mAgasara suda navamI ane somavAranA divase pUrva bhAdrapada nakSatramAM thayuM hatuM e ullekha zilAlekhanA AraMbhamAM che, paNa pratimAnI sthApanavidhi "allaI saMvata" (IlAhI saMvata) 41 nA varSe vaizAkha vada bAraza ne guruvAre revatI nakSatramAM thaye hevAna aMtamAM nirdeza che. ahIM vikrama saMvatane ullekha ja nathI, kevaLa dIne ilAhI sanano che. eka jaina devasthAnanI pratiSThAvidhinI noMdha vikrama saMvatane badale IlAhI sanamAM hoya e binamuslima prajAmAM akabaranI kapriyatA darzAve che.para . vivekaharSa upAdhyAyanA upadezathI kacchanA rAva bhAramalle bhUjamAM rAjavihAra nAmanuM avabhanAthanuM jaina maMdira karAvyuM hatuM ane saM. 1658(I.sa. 1602)mAM tapAgacchane svAdhIna karyuM hatuM. vivekahaSe kacchanA khAkharA gAmamAM saM. 1657

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37] mughala kAla (I.sa. 1601)mAM tyAMnA osavALa vaNikone upadeza ApI traNa pratimAonI aMjanazalAkA karI hatI tathA saM. 1659(I.sa. 1603)mAM zatru jayAvatAra nAme caityanI pratiSThA karI hatI.pa3 saM. 1675(I.sa. 1619)mAM jAmanagaranA vardhamAna ane paddhasiMha e be osavALa bhAIoe 204 pratimA bharAvI ane pratiSThita karAvI, ane pachInA varSamAM zatru jayane saMdha kADhayo tathA e paikI vardhamAne saM. 1678(I.sa. 1642)mAM zatru jaya upara de baMdhAvyuM ane jAmanagaramAM bIjI pratiSThA karAvI.54 saM. 1683(I.sa. 1927)mAM dIvanA jaina saMghe giranAranI pUrva taraphanI pAja(pagathiyA)ne jIrNoddhAra karAvyA hatA, jemAM mukhya phALe zrImALI jJAtinA mAsiMghajI meghajIe Apyo hato. saM. 1686 (I.sa. 1630)mAM zatruMjaya upara zAha dhamadAse adabada(addabhuta)nuM maMdira karAvyuM hatuM ane tyAM AdinAthanI mUrti DuMgaramAMthI kotarAvI hatI.paka zAhajahAMnA samayamAM amadAvAda pAse bIbIpura athavA sarasapuramAM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvanAra suprasiddha jhaverI zAMtidAsanA ane enA nagarazeTha, vaMzajene nirdeza A graMthanA sAdhanasAmagrI vizenA prathama prakaraNamAM temaja Arthika sthiti ane sAmAjika sthitinAM prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. jaina maMdira-maityo AdinI pratiSThAne lagatI A vigato saMpUrNa nathI, paNa kevaLa udAharaNAtmaka che ane mughalakAlIna gujarAtanA pramANamAM zAMtipUrNa kAlakhaMDamAM je dhArmika-sAmAjika paristhiti pravartamAna hatI tene teo khyAla Ape che. prabhAvaka jaina AcAryone mughala darabAramAM temaja anya rAjadarabAramAM praveza tema prabhAva hato ane ene laIne jaina dharmane rAjyazAsana dvArA keTalIka anukULatA prApta thaI hatI. hIravijayasUri, emanA paTTadhara vijayasenasUri, emanA vijayadevasUri ane emanA vijayaprabhasUrinA mughala bAdazAha akabara ane jahAMgIra sAthenA saMparkane TUMka vRttAMta samakAlIna jaina aitihAsika sAhityane AdhAre A graMthane "sAdhanasAmagrI prakaraNamAM Apyo che. hIravijayasUrinA ziSyamaMDaLamAMnA zAMticaMdra upAdhyAya, bhAnucaMdra upAdhyAya, avadhAnakAra naMdavijaya, bhAnacaMdranA ziSya siddhicaMdra, vivekaharSa upAdhyAya, muni padmasuMdara vagere vidvAna munio paNa koI ne kaI rIte mughala darabAranA saMparkamAM AvyA hatA. jaina sAdhuonA pAdavihAra, ugra tapazcaryA, aparigraha AdithI prabhAvita thaI mughala pAdazAhae emane aneka pharamAna dhArmika anukULatA athe bakSyAM. hIravijayasUrine apAyelAM pharamAnene nideza "hIrasaubhAgyane AdhAre "sAdhanasAmagrInA prakaraNamAM thayo che.

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11 su'] dhama saMpradAyA [393 akabare jaina AcAryone bakSelAM pharamAnemAM e mAna vizeSataH teMdhapAtra che; eka I.sa. 1601nuM ane bIju I.sa. 1604nuM. I.sa. 1595 mAM hIravijayasUrinA svargavAsa pachI vijayasenasUri emanA paTTadhara thayA ane I.sa. 1615 sudhI e sthAne rahyA. ematI sAthe lAheramAM thayelI prathama mulAkAta akabara pAdazAha bhUlyeA naheAtA ane emane hIravijayasUri jevuM ja samAna ApatA hatA. I.sa. 1601 nA kramAnamAMthI A spaSTa che, e pharamAna upara nizAna akabarazAhanuM che tathA gujarAta sUbA( prAnta )nA tathA seAraTha sarakAra (lAkA)nA hAkemA jAgIradArA ane mutsaddIone uddezIne e kADhavAmAM AvyuM che. e eka sarvasaMgrahAtmaka kramAna che ane jeteAnI tarapheNamAM kADhavAmAM AvelAM agAunAM sarva mAtAne AvarI le che. emAM jaNAvyuM che ke A pharamAnanI pAchaLa naiAMdhelA divaseAe gAya baLada ane bheMsane mAravAne tathA e prANIonu mAMsa khAvAnA pratibaMdha che, jhADa upara ke ghara upara nALA khAMdhatA pakSIone zikAra karavAnA ke teone pAMjarAmAM pUravAne pratibaMdha che. vaLI vijayasenasUri ane emanA ziSyAnI yAgasAdhanA ane IzvarabhaktinI saccAInI pAdazAhane pratIti thaI hovAthI krUramAvavAmAM Ave che ke bIjA koIe emanAM maMdire ke upAzrayAmAM rahevuM nahi athavA emanuM apamAna karavuM nahi, AvAM sthaLAnI marAmata karavAnI jarUra UbhI thAya tyAre koIe ajJAna ke dharmAMdhatAne kAraNe emAM aDacaNa karavI nahi. Izvarane nahi jANanArA keTalAka leAkeA varasAda aTakAvI devAnA ane evAM jAdukapaTa karavAnA AreApa A sAdhue upara mUke che, emane herAna kare che ane emane dhArmika vidhie karatAM aTakAve che tethI ame pharamAvIe chIe ke A namra manuSya upara evAM ALa caDAvavAM joIe nahi ane emanAM vizrAmasthAnAmAM emane peAtAnA dharmAnusAra IzvarasAdhanA karavAnI ane AcArapAlananI chUTa ApavI joIe, gujarAtanA jaina AcAryA sAthene akabarane paricaya enA jIvananA aMteDhALa sudhI cAlu rahyo hatA. enA avasAnanA eka ja varSa pahelAM, I.sa. 1604 mAM eNe bahAra pADelA pharamAnathI e vastu puravAra thAya che. vADIpArzvanAthanA maMdiranA zilAlekhamAM jaNAvyuM che tema, kharataragacchanA AcArya jinacaMdrasUrie I.sa. 1592 mAM khaMbhAtamAM akabara pAsethI amArinuM pharamAna meLavyuM hatuM. e samaye jinacaMdrasUrie akabarane vina MtI karI hatI ke mughala sAmrAjyanA koI paNa pradezamAM khAra divasa sudhI pazupakSI ke mAchalI mAravAnA niSedha karatu krUramAna Ape A pahelAM hIravijayasUrite bahyuM che; have AvA hukama vadhu

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374 ] mughala kAla. - pri. eka saptAha laMbAvatuM pharamAna mane Ape. tadanusAra akabare pharamAna karyuM hatuM ke pratyeka varSe ASADha mAsanI suda nemathI pUnama sudhInA sAta divasa koIe prANI-vadha kare nahi, kemake Izvare mANasajAta mATe aneka prakAranI cIjo pedA karI che tyAre eNe pitAnA peTane prANIonI kabara banAvavuM nahi joIe.' jinacaMdrasUrine bakSelA agAunA pharamAnanA majakUranI punarAvRtti karIne zAhI pharamAna umere che ke A vakhate arthAta I.sa. 1604 mAM (jinacaMdrasUrinA ziSya) AcArya jinasiMha athavA mAnasiMha arajI kare che ke "agAunuM pharamAna khovAI gayuM che; AthI agAu mujabanuM navuM pharamAna bakSavAnuM ame maMjUra karIe chIe." e ja rIte pAdazAha jahAMgIre vijayasUrinA ziSyo vivekahaSa paramAnaMda ane udayahane paryuSaNa parvanA divaso daramyAna AkhAye rAjyamAM prANI-vadhane niSedha karatuM pharamAna I.sa. 1601 mAM ApyuM hatuM. I. sa. 1614 mAM vivekaharSa upAdhyAyane bakSelA "jahAMgIrI hukamamAM jahAMgIra pAdazAhe jaina sAdhuone saMpUrNa dhArmika svAtaMtrya ApavAnI AjJA karI che. tapAgacchanA paMDita haNuMdanA ziSya vivekaharSa upAdhyAye potAnA upadezathI pAdazAhane prasanna karIne e pharamAna meLavyuM hatuM. akabare I.sa. 1595 mAM saurASTramAM UnA pAse zAhabAgamAM hIravijayasUrinI nirvANabhUmi upara pAdukAmaMdira mATe jamIna bheTa ApI hatI tema akabaranA uttarAdhikArI jahAMgIre hIravijayasUrinA ziSya vijayasenasUrinA samAdhimaMdira ane AsapAsanA bagIcA mATe dasa vIdhAM ja lIna kha bhAtanA parA akabarapuramAM I.sa. 1616 mAM bheTa ApI hatI.57 zAMtidAsa jhaverIne lagatAM mughala samrATa taraphathI nIkaLelAM pharamAna paNa ArthikasAmAjika sthiti uparAMta jaina samAjanA dhArmika itihAsa upara prakAza pADe che. I.sa. 1644 nuM pharamAna zAhajahAMnA rAjyAbhiSekanI varSagAMThanA divasane mATe UMcA prakAranuM jhaverAta zAMtidAsa ane bIjA jhaverIo pAsethI meLavavA mATe gujarAtanA sUbA muijha-u-muka upara kADhavAmAM AveluM che. pa8 I.sa. 1656 nA be pharamAne dvArA zAhajahAMe zAMtidAsa jhaverIne gujarAtanA jaina saMghanA pratinidhi tarIke jene nA tIrthadhAma zaMkhezvara gAmane ijAro vArSika rUpiyA 1050 mAM Avyo hato.pa9 A pachI, I sa. 1660 nuM pharamAna auraMgajhebanuM che. e dvArA zAMtidAsa jhaverInI sevAonA badalAmAM zatruMjaya giranAra ane AbunA jaina tIrthonI soMpaNI, jaina saMghanA pratinidhi tarIke, ene karavAmAM AvI che. A pradezamAM koI mAMDalika rAjAo zAMtidAsanA kAryamAM harakato UbhI karaze te teo rAjadaMDane pAtra thaze evI AjJA karI che. auraMgajheba jevA dharmacusta pAdazAhanA

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11 su'] dhamansa'pradAyA [375 zAsanamAM AvuM mahattvanuM kramAna nIkaLyuM' e rAjyakAreAbAramAM zAMtidAsanA je prabhAva hatA tenuM sUcaka che. A dRSTie zAMtidAsane apAyelAM bIjA keTalAMka mAta khAsa noMdha mAgI le che, zAhajahAMne zAhajAdo murAdhmakSa I,sa. 1658 mAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra hatA. zAhajahAMnI gaMbhIra mAMdagInA samAcAra maLatAM ja amadAvAda mukAme eNe peAtAne pAdazAha tarIke jAhera karyAM, paNa dhArelAM kAma pAra pADavA mATe ene nANAMnI sakhata jarUra hatI. A mATe eNe zAMtidAsanA putra mANeka da pAsethI sADA pAMca lAkha rUpiyA UchInA lIdhA (22 jUna, i.sa. 1658 ). A rakama bharapAI karavA mATe enA mAnamAM jogavAI karavAmAM AvI hatI, paNa e lakhANa thayA pachI gheADA ja divasamAM murAda peAtAnA bhAI aura gajhebanA hAthe keda pakaDAyA ane enAM mAnAnI keADInI paNa kiMmata rahI nahi, paraMtu zAMtidAsa hiMmata hAryo nahi ane auraMgajhebane paNa petAnI kArakidInAM AraMbhanAM varSAnI anizrita avasthAmAM zAMtidAsa jevA gujarAtanA sauthI meTA zarAka ane jaina jevI samRddha kAmanA samanya AgevAnanI sahAya ane sahAnu bhUtinI agatya samajAI haze; pariNAme peAtAnA duzmana murAdane AvI gajAvara Arthika sahAya ApanAra jhaverIne e rakama paikI rUpiyA eka lAkha tatkALa pAchA ApavAnuM mAna aura`gajheSe kADhyuM. (tA. 10 oNgasTa, i.sa. 1658) zAMtidAsane dilhIthI gujarAta pAchA pharavAnI anujJA ApI ane nyAyapUrvaka prajApAlana karavAnI peAtAnI AkAMkSA sa`mahAjanA vepArIe ane samasta prajAvamAM jAhera karavAnI sUcanA karI,61 tyAra pachI zAMtidAsanI sahAya te auraMgajhebane khUba upayeAgI thaI paDI haze ema jaNAya che, kemake zAMtidAse ApelA puravaThAthI lazkarI kUcamAM ghaNI madada thaI hatI evA 25% ekarAra bIjA eka pharamAnamAM che.kara A sahAyanA badalAmAM zAMtidAsane Isa. 1660 mAM jaina tIrtho AsapAsanA pradezanI soMpaNI thaI haze evuM anumAna thAya che. IsavI sananA 14mA saikAnA AraMbhamAM sulatAna alAuddIna khalajI jevA mUrtiba jakanA nAjhima apakhAnanI AvI ja kAI rIte anujJA meLavIne zatruMjaya uparanAM jaina madirAnA punaruddhAra pATaNanA sa MdhavI samarasiMhe karAvyeA hateA. ApaNA abhyAsapAtra kAlakhaMDamAM jaina digaMbara saMpradAyanA zrAvakAnI vastI gujarAtamAM hatI te e saMpradAyanA bhaTTArakAnI gAdI IDaramAM ane seAjitrAmAM hatI. suratamAM bhUSaNa nAme digaMbara AcAya sAthe vijayasenasUrine

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30} ] mughala kAla [tra. vAda thayA hatA, zAMticaMdra upAdhyAye e ja AcAya ne IDaramAM rAya nArAyaNunI sabhAmAM parAjita karyA hatA ane padmasAgarane paNa digaMbara pa MDitA sAthe zAstrArtha thayA hatA evA zvetAMbarAne dAvA che.63 mughala kAlamAM gujarAtamAM keTalAka digambara jaina graMtha racAyA che tathA keTalAkanI gujarAtanAM grAmanagarImAM nakala thaI che ema hastalikhita graMthabhaMDArAnI sUcie Adi uparathI jaNAya che. 64 paNa digaMbara saMpradAya vize e uparAMta aitihAsika dRSTie noMdhapAtra evI jhAjhI mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu zvetAMbara jaitemAM e kALe keTalAka AMtarika matabheda pravaryAM. emAMthI saltanata kAla daramyAna sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kapa ane kaDavA mata ke pravA~ hatA. eka ja saMpradAyanA AMtarika matabheda vibhinna sa`pradAyanA matabhedA karatAM keTalIka vAra vizeSa kalezakara hAya che enuM udAharaNa mughalakAlIna jaina itihAsamAMthI maLe che. sthAnakavAsI mata jaina zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka saMpradAyathI alaga paDayo tyArathI e baMnene visa vAda cAlyA karateA hateA. jUnA vicAranA te A navA saMpradAya sAthe lagnavyavahAra karavAthI ja nahi, emanI sAthe jamavAthI paNa viruddha hatA. AthI sthAnakavAsIoe A pratibadhA dUra karAvavA mATe pAdazAha zAhajahAMne vinaMtI karI, e vina MtInA niNaeNyarUpe zAhajahAMnuM eka krUramAna gujarAtanA e samayanA sUbedAra zAhajAdA dvArA upara me|kalavAmAM AveluM che. emAM jaNAvyuM che ke sahabhAjana karavuM ke sagapaNa sabaMdha bAMdhavA e vastu baMne pakSAnI sa Mmati upara avalaMbe che, eTale e mATe kAIne pharaja pADI zakAya nahi, chatAM A bAbatamAM DhAi prakAranI azAMti thAya te| sakhata hAthe kAma levu. A krUramAna I.sa. 1644 nuM eTale ke leAMkAzAhanA matanA pravartanathI 192 varSa pachInuM che. deDhasA varSamAM pazu ane pakSa peAtAnA prAraMbhika visaMvAdane bhUlI zakaSA naheAtA e vastu e kAlanA sAMpradAyika jIvana upara prakAza pADe che.17 akabaranA samayamAM zvetAMbara mUrtipUjaka jaitenA be gaccha--tapAgaccha ane kharataragaccha vacce paNa keTalAka umra matabheda thayA hatA. tapAgacchatA meTA anuyAyI varga gujarAtamAM hatA ane kharataragacchanA ghaNA anuyAyI gujarAta uparAMta mAravADamAM ane anyatra hatA. tapAgacchatA vidvAna, paNa vAdapriya upAdhyAya dharmAMsAgare tavAMgIvRttikAra'-jaina AgamanAM nava aMge upara TIkA racanAra abhayadevasUri kharataragacchanA naheAtA evA prabaLa vAda pATaNamAM karyo tathA kharataragaccha ane khIjA gacchA upara prahAra karatA aneka graMtha racyA.68

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAya [377 samAjamAM vaicArika visaMvAda thatuM aTakAvavA mATe tapAgacchanA AcArya vijayadAnasUrie dharmasAgarano "kumatikuddAla" graMtha pANImAM boLAvI dIdhuM hato ane upAdhyAye caturvidha saMgha samakSa "micchAmi dukaws" kahI mAphI mAgI hatI. vijayadAnasUrinA svargavAsa pachI dharmasAgara hIravijayasUrinI AjJAmAM rahyA hatA, paNa hIravijayasUri akabaranA darabAramAM ane uttara bhAratamAM rahyA te daramyAna gujarAtamAM kusaMpanuM vAtAvaraNa vadhyuM. AthI hIravijayasUrie gujarAtamAM pAchA AvyA pachI potAnA guru vijayadAnasUrie zAMti sthApavA mATe agAu bahAra pADelI "sAta bola" nAmanI sAta AjJAo upara vivaraNa ane umeraNa karI "bAra bela rUpI AjJAo jAhera karI (I.sa. 1590) emAM dharmasAgare paNa sahI karI. dharmasAgarano svargavAsa khaMbhAtamAM I.sa. 1597 mAM thayo hato.* | mughala kAlanA lagabhaga aMtamAM kacchanA rAva lakhapatajIe I.sa. 174161 mAM kacchamAM karelAM hunnara-udyoganAM vikAsakAryone ullekha Arthika sthiti prakaraNamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. rAva lakhapata pite sAhityapremI temaja kavi hite. eNe bhUjamAM vrajabhASAnI kAvyaracanA mATenI pAThazALA sthApI hatI, enA prathama adhyApaka tarIke jaina yati bhaTTAraka kanakakuzala ane emanA ziSya kuMvara kuzalanI niyukti karI hatI ane emanA nirvAha mATe eka gAma dAnamAM ApyuM hatuM. A pAThazALAmAM abhyAsa karavA AvanAra mATe zikSaNa ni:zuDhaka hatuM ane bhojanakharca rAjya taraphathI ApavAmAM AvatuM. kuMvarakuzala to phArasInA paNa vidvAna hatA ane pArasI nAmamAlA" nAme phArasI-saMskRta kozanuM emaNe vrajabhASAmAM bhASAntara karyuM hatuM. jaina yationA varcasane kAraNe uparyukta pAThaprakAranI tAlImazALA tatkAlIna gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM advitIya hatI.71 jaina yatio dvArA thayelA vyApaka zikSaNamAM A pAThazALAne itihAsa smaraNIya che 2. islAma mughalanA samayamAM bhAratamAM islAmanI sthiti kaMIka AvI ha : ziyA ane sunInA saMgharSa uparAMta enA phirakAo ane peTA phirakAo, ke je atizaya moTI saMkhyAmAM UbhA thayA hatA, teomAM paNa AMtarika saMgharSa cAlyA karato hatA. ulemAo saMta vidvAne ane mullAMo, potapotAnA vicAro ane mAnyatAonA samarthanamAM pavitra kurAna zarIpha, hadIso ane pitA potAnA imAmo, dAIo ke dharmaguruonAM vacana TAMkatA hatA, AthI dhArmika mAnyatAomAM saMgharSamaya vividhatA vadhatI jatI hatI.

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378] mughala kAla [ bAbarathI auraMgajheba sudhInA bAdazAha dvArA bhAratamAM IslAma dharmanuM svarUpa badalAtuM rahyuM. zahenazAhanI dhArmika mAnyatAo ane e mAnyatAone puSTi ApatI emanI sattAo bhAratamAM ane gujarAtamAM paNa islAmanA svarUpamAM vAraMvAra parivartana karyuM che. emAM paNa khAsa karIne bAdazAha akabara ane auraMgajhebanI dhArmika nIti tathA e nItinA samarthanamAM teoe potAnI rAjyasattAnA karela upagane pariNAme islAmamAM AMtarika saMghaSa nA ghaNA prasaMga banyA che. akabaranI udAra dhArmika nItine kAraNe dIna-I-ilAhInI sthApanA ane majhaharanA svIkAra jevA prasaMga ane auraMgajhebanI kadara dhArmika nItine kAraNe saiyada rAjUnI katala, momanAono baLa, dakSiNanAM musalamAnI rAjyone vitya vagere mahatvanA prasaMga banI gayA. akabarathI auraMgajhebanA samaya sudhI gujarAta saMpUrNapaNe mughala bAdazAhane adhIna hatuM. bAdazAhanI nItino amala emanA sUbedAra dvArA gujarAtamAM thatA. keTalIka vAra ema banatuM ke subedAre potapotAnI dhArmika mAnyatAone kAraNe anya dharmAvalaMbIo upara julma gujAratA. gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke zAhajAdA auraMgajhebe potAnI svataMtra dhArmika nIti apanAvI hatI. jenA suprasiddha ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA maMdirane kuvvata ulU IslAma' nAmanI masjidamAM pheravavAnuM kAma tathA pAlanapuranA mahedaviyA phirakAnA vaDA saiyada rAjUnI katala vagere enA gujarAtanI sUbedArInA samayamAM thayelAM kArya hatAM. akabaranuM zAsana sthira hatuM. enI rAjakIya dIrdhadaSTi ane kaIka aMze. udAra dharmabhAvanAne kAraNe e sunI hovA chatAM enI dhArmika nIti udAratA samAnatA ane sahiSNutAnI bhAvanA para nirdhArita karavAmAM AvI hatI. akabaranI mAtA ziyA hatI, pitA sunI hatA ane zikSakamAM keTalAka ziyA te keTalAka "suleha kula'nI nItinA samarthaka udAramatavAdI hatA. vaLI enA upara kabIra tathA. nAnaka jevA saMtanA sarvadharma samavayanA pracArano prabhAva paNa paDyo hato. enuM dRSTibiMdu vyApaka hatuM, aMdhazraddhAne enAmAM abhAva hato, AthI ulemAo je kAMI kahe te ja AptavAkya evuM e mAnate na hato. enAthI UlaTuM, eNe joyuM ke muslima ulemAomAM paNa aMdaroaMdara ghaNA matabheda pravartatA. hatA. ulemAonI kadaratA ane matabhedane kAraNe akabaranI dhArmika mAnyatAomAM parivartana AvyuM hatuM e eka hakIkata che.

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14 muM] dharma-saMpradAya [37 islAmanA AMtarika matabhedonuM nirAkaraNa karavA mATe kurAna zarIphanI eka pramANita vyAkhyA (TIkA) taiyAra karAvavI joIe ema lAgatAM I.sa. 1575 mAM eNe eka IbAdatakhAnuM phatehapura sIkrImAM baMdhAvyuM, ziyA sunI jaina pArasI hiMdu khristI vagere badhA dharmonA vidvAnanI dharmacarcAne kAraNe enuM e ibAdatakhAnuM e jamAnAnuM "vizvadharmanuM saMsadu bhavana" banI gayuM cha2 paraMtu A prakAranI dhArmika carcAnuM kaMI nakkara pariNAma na AvyuM. dareka vidvAna potAnA matane zreSTha ane pitAnA dhArmika pustakane Izvarapradatta mAnI emAM ja sAcuM jJAna samAyeluM che ema kahevA lAge. sAmA pakSanI vAta mAnavA ke samajavA keI taiyAra na thayA. AnI akabara upara UMDI asara paDI. eNe dhArmika udAratAnI nIti apanAvI. enA zAsanakAla daramyAna IslAmane parivartita karI. de evI be bAbata astitvamAM AvI : eka majhahara(AvirbhAvasthAna)ne svIkAra. ane bIjI dIna-I-IlAhInI sthApanA. muslimenA AMtarika dhArmika matabhedone dUra karavA mATe eNe I.sa. 1759 mAM majhaharane ravIkAra karyo. A majhahara dvArA samrATane dhArmika Adeza jAhera. karavAnI ane dhArmika bAbato para nirNaya ApavAnI sattA ApavAmAM AvI. akabare bIjuM paNa evuM ja bhAre carcAspada pagaluM bharyuM ane e I.sa. 1581 mAM dIna-e-ilAhInI sthApanAnuM. badhA dharmonAM sArAM tatva laI emAM rahasyavAda prakRtipUjA ane buddhivAdane samAveza karI A dharmanI sthApanA karavAmAM AvI. | dIna-e-ilAhInA siddhAMta saraLa hatA. samrATa akabarane guru (Izvara nahi) manI enI pAsethI A dharmanI dIkSA levAnI hatI ziSya Atmazuddhi karavI, paraspara maLatI vakhate teoe "allAha akabara" kahevuM, mAMsa na khAvuM, bUrAI karanAra sAthe paNa bhalAIthI vartavuM, bUruM karanArane kSamA ApavI, krodha vagerene tyAga karavo, sau pratye sadbhAva rAkho, jJAnabhaktimAM daDhatApUrvaka AgaLa vadhavuM ane AtmAnI oLakha dvArA khudA-prAptino puruSArtha kare e enA mukhya siddhAMta hatA. TUMkamAM, dIna-e-ilAhImAM sadAcAra saMyama ane sahiSNutAnA Adarza caritArtha thAya che. akabarane A koI navA dharmanI sthApanA karavAno prayAsa na hato. A dharmanA prasAra ke pracAra mATe eNe kaI khAsa vyavasthA karI nathI, ene mATe koI pUjA paddhati ke alaga devAlayanI sthApanA paNa karavAmAM AvI nahatI.

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380 ] sughala phAla [.. enA A dhama enA jIvana kALa daramyAna ghaNA nAnA vartuLamAM phelAye| ane enA mRtyu pachI lupta thaI gayA. majhaharane svIkAra ane dIna-e-ilAhInI sthApanAne kAraNe dhamacusta musalamAnA enA pratye napharata karatA thaI gayA. emanA mate akabara makkAra ane adhAmi~ka hatA. vastuta: akbare kadI paNa islAmanA anAdara karyo nathI ke sAcA musalamAna para julma gujAryAM nathA. e pote musalamAna hatA ane islAma pratye saMpUrNa Adara dharAvatA hatA. I.sa. 1573 mAM amadAvAdamAM praveza karIne akabare sauthI prathama kA gujarAtanA sulatAnAe arabastAnanI pavitra majArAne je gAmaDAM vaka rUpe ApyAM hatAM, tene majUra karavAnuM karyuM" hatuM. 6 sAmrAjyanA e samayanA sadde sudUra, ad-ud-nabIe saiyada hAmIne AvAM AvAM vakaphone vyavasthApaka (amIra) banAvyA ane ' javAliha e mujhaphkrUra 1 lahu'nA bhAvI lekhaka hAjI urdU dakhIrane mAsika 200 mahamadInA pagArathI AvA vakaphAnAM nANAM arabastAnamAM e pavitra sthaLAmAM pahoMcADavA mATe pasaMda karyAM. I.sa. 1574 mAM anya vakapha-amaladArA sAthe hAjI abastAna gayA ane kArya pUruM karI i.sa. 1576 mAM pAchA karyAM. akabaranAM islAma pratyenAM zraddhA ane Adarane vyakta karatA bIjo eka ati mahattvanA prasaMga A pramANe che : I.sa. 1577 mAM akabare gujarAtanA eka suprasiddha saradAra mIra abU turAbane "mIre haja" tarIke niyukta karI, potAnA darabArIe ane egamAnI eka TukaDI sAthe kakkA zarIphnI haja mATe mAkahyA. arabastAnanAM pavitra sthaLeAmAM vaheMcavA mATe akabare abU turAbane pAMca lAkha rUpiyA rAkaDA ane eka hajAra khilaaMta (kiMmatI vastro) ApyAM hatAM. I.sa. 1579 mAM abU turAba haja karIne pAchA pharyAM ane peAtAnI sAthe kadame rasUla'' eTale ke pegabara sAhebanAM pavitra pagalAM jenA para aMkita hatAM tevA eka meTA paththara makkA zarImAMthI laI AvyA. e surata AvyA ane eka hAthI upara bhAre dabadabAthI e paththarane tehapura sIkrI meLye, abare kadame rasUlanuM saMmAna karyuM. eNe 100 phUTa sudhI e bhAre paththarane potAnA khabhA para U~cakatho ane tyAra pachI vajIrA ane saradArAe vArApharatI ene UMcakIne cAra mAIla dUrathI zahera sudhI tee lAvyA ane abU turAbanA makAnamAM ene rAkhyA.73

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAye 3i80 I.sa. 1580 mAM jyAre abU turAba gujarAtamAM AvyA tyAre paththarane pitAnI sAthe laI javAnI emane paravAnagI maLI. emanI icchA enA upara eka ghummaTa banAvavAnI hatI. gujarAta pavitra kadame rasUla"ne rAkhavA mATe yogya sthaLa hatuM. e jamAnAmAM gujarAtane "pavitra makkAne daravAje" e upanAma ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. e pavitra paththarane amadAvAda najIka AzAvaLamAM lAvI enA upara eka bhavya makAna bAMdhavAmAM AvyuM. akabare potAnA sAmrAjyamAM hijarI sanane sthAne ilAhI saMvatanI sthApanA karatuM eka pharamAna bahAra pADayuM tyArathI akabaranA sikkAo uparathI hijarI saMvata dUra thaI akabaranA rAjyArohaNanA varSathI ilAhI saMvata gaNavAnuM rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. IlAhI varSamAM cAMdramAsane badale sauramAsane sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM ane enA mahinAonAM nAma pArasI mahinAonAM nAma pramANe ApavAmAM AvyAM. mughala samaya daramyAna, bhAratamAM IslAmane daDha karanAra pIra oliyAo paNa hatA. teo pitAnA zuddha ane pavitra jIvana dvArA sAmAnya prajA upara, bhAre asara upajAvI zakyA hatA. A daramyAna sUphI saMte ane pIra eliyAonuM mahatva vadhyuM hatuM. teomAMnA ghaNuM phakIrI jIvana, to keTalAka saMsArI jIvana jIvatA hatA. keTalAka gUDha matavAdI hatA, te keTalAka devI zaktimAM mAnanArA hatA. sUphIo hRdayanI vANathI bolatA ane tethI svabhAve khUba ja zraddhALu evA hiMduone paNa pitAnA taraphathI rapAkarSI zaktA. ghaNuM saMtoe pitAne saMpradAya zarU karyo hato. teo bhAvika janatAnI bhaktinA adhikArI banI gayA hatA. e uparAMta pIra phakIra ane oliyAo dezabharamAM pharatA rahetA ane islAma pratye Ama prajAnA vizvAsane daDhIbhUta karatA hatA.74 mughala kAla daramyAna muslimonA ghaNA phirakA astitvamAM AvI gayA hatA. vaherAonA dAI gujarAtamAM AvI vasyA hatA. paraMtu gujarAtI vaherAomAM piTAphiraka paDavAno prasaMga mughala kAla daramyAna banI gayo. A prasaMgane "akhabArUda Atila akaramIna"mAM vistArathI varNavyo che. enA pramANe vahorAonA 26 mA dAI saiyadanA dAUda bina ajabazAhe pitAnI bImArIne kAraNe, potAnA huddo ane mazAeo samakSa, sauyadanA dAUda bIna kutubazAha para se jalI karI. AthI teo dAvate hAdiyAnA kAnUna mujaba mAlika thayA. e samaye yamanathI zekha sulemAne paNa teonI tAatane kabUla karI. cAra varSa sudhI dAavatanuM

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382] mughala kAla kAma zAMtithI cAlyuM, paraMtu pAchaLathI yamanamAM zekha sulemAne dAIne dAvo karatAM navo phirake Ubho thayo.' zekha sulemAna saiyadanA yUsupha bina sulemAnanA(siddhapura) pautra hatA. teoe dAI tarIke potAne dAvo Ubho karatAM, dAUdI ane sulemAnI phirakA udbhavyA. zekha sulemAnanA dAvAne kabUla rAkhanArAo "sulemAnI ane rauyadanA dAUda bina kutubazAhane vaphAdAra rahenArAo dAUdI vaherA tarIke oLakhAyA.75 tyAra pachI te A baMne phirakAo vacce ghaNA jhaghaDA thayA. zekha sulemAnane madada karanAra IbrAhIme saiyadanA dAUda bina kutubazAha upara gujarAtanA sUbedAranI madadathI eka karoDa ane ATha lAkha rUpiyAne dAvo karyo. chevaTe akabaranA vajhIre Ajhama abulsa phajhalanA cukAdAthI A dAvo rada thayo. akabare paNa zekha dAUdane ghaNuM mAna AyAne ulekha AmAM che, tyAra bAda saiyadanA abda uta taisa bina saiyadanA dAUda bina kutubazAhanA samayamAM alI bina ibrAhIme potAnA upara nase jalI thaI hovAno dAvo karyo. ene dA svIkAranArAo "aliyA' vaherA tarIke oLakhAyA. teonAM rItarivAjo ane dhArmika mAnyatAo anya vaherAo jevI ja che, paraMtu teo dAudI ke sulemAnI vaherAo sAthe zAdI vahevAra rAkhatA nathI. jahAMgIra upara enA bacapaNathI ja IbAdatakhAnanI carcAone prabhAva paDyo hato. e pote sunnI hovA chatAM ziyApaMtha tarapha bhAna dharAvatA hatA. enA dhArmika vicAra udAra hatA. alabatta, akabaranI tulanAe e saheja kaThora ane sunnIo pratye pakSapAtayukta dekhAya che. - zAhajahAM IslAmanuM custapaNe pAlana karavAmAM mAnate. zarUAtamAM eNe keTalAMka asahiSNutA-bharyuM kArya karyA hatAM. eNe bAdazAha samakSano sijada baMdha karAvya, IlAhI saMvata dUra karI hijarI sana puna: apanAvyo. I.sa. 1633 mAM nivAM baMdhAyelAM maMdira toDI pADavAnuM pharamAna bahAra pADyuM. dharma parivartana karanArAne aneka lAbha ApavAnuM jAhera karyuM. baLapUrvaka dharma parivartana karAvavAnA keTalAka prayAsa paNa karavAmAM AvyA, ema chatAM enAM be saMtAna-dArA ane jahAMnaArAnA prabhAvathI AgaLa upara eNe AvI asahiSNunItine tyAga karyo hate. auraMgajheba cAritryavAna, paraMtu kaTara sunnI musalamAna hato. kurAnanA Adeza anusAra rAjya calAvavAmAM e mAnato. islAmanA siddhAMtathI pratikULa badhI prathAo eNe baMdha karAvI. akabaranA samayamAM mullAM ulemAonuM varcasa dUra thayuM hatuM te auraMgajhebanA samayamAM khUba prabaLatAthI pAchuM dAkhala thayuM.

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAye 3i83 gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke jyAre auraMgajhebanI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI tyAre amadAvAdanA rUDhicusta mullAonI caDavaNIthI eNe mahedaviyA kema para atyAcAra karyA. muphatI abdula kavI ane kAjhI abdula vahAbe auraMgajhebane salAha ApI ke pAlanapurathI mahedaviyA komanA gharmagurane bolAvavAmAM Ave, jethI emanI sAthe islAmanA siddhAMtonI carcA karI zakAya. auraMgajhebanA hukama anusAra pAlanapurathI saiyada rAju amadAvAda AvyA. tyAM sAMpradAyika siddhAMtanI carcA thaI, paraMtu maulavIonA mananuM samAdhAna na thayuM, AthI auraMgajhebe phatavo bahAra pADI saiyada rAjane amadAvAda choDI javA pharamAna karyuM. saiyada rAjU amadAvAdathI pAchA pharatAM rustamabAgamAM vizrAma arthe gayA. rUDhicusta mullAMonI caDavaNIthI amadAvAdanA koTavAle saiyada rAju para humalo karyo. e. daMgalamAM saiyada rAjU pitAnA 22 anuyAyIo sAthe zahIda thayA. emanAM zabane tyAM ja dATI devAmAM AvyAM. "mirAte ahamadI" ane "tArIkhe pAlanapuramAM A prasaMganuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. ne dhArmika asahiSNutAne Avo bIjo prasaMga I.sa. 1691 mAM banyo. momanAo ane manIAo ImAmazAhI phirakAnA anuyAyI hatA. 15 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM prakhyAta ismAIlI upadezaka imAmuddInanA upadezathI keTalAka hiMduo ane leuvA kaNabIo islAma svIkArI imAmazAhI saMpradAyamAM bhaLyA hatA. I.sa. 1691 mAM saiyada zAhajI A phirakAnA dharmaguru hatA. emanA anuyAyIo pIrANuM jaI potAnA dharmagurunI bhakti karatA. saiyada zAhajInI khyAtinI IryAne kAraNe rUDhicusta mullAMoe auraMgajhebane A samAcAra pahoMcADavA. auraMgajhebe gujarAtanA sUbedArane hukama karyo ke rauyada zAhajIne zAhI darabAramAM mokalavAmAM Ave, jethI e saMpradAyanA siddhAMtonI cakAsaNI karI zakAya. zujAtakhAnanA mANasa pIrANA gayA. zAhajIne laI amadAvAda tarapha jatAM mArgamAM zAhajIe jhera pIne AtmahatyA karI. enA pariNAme momanAo ane matIoe auraMgajheba sAme asaphaLa baLavo karyo. emAM ghaNAnI hatyA thaI7 - sunnI auraMgajhebane ziyA musalamAno pratye bhAre napharata hatI. gujarAtanI ismAIlI vahorA koma enA reSanuM pAtra banI gaI enA hukamathI amadAvAda A kemanI masjidamAM sunnI ImAmonI ane muajhImonI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. I.sa. 1703 mAM enI pAse rajUAta karavAmAM AvI ke IsA ane tAja nAmanA be vaherAe nAstika siddhAMtane pracAra kare che. amadAvAdanA sadra zekha aDhAmuddInanI rajUAtane kAraNe teone keda karavAmAM AvyA ane

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284] mughala kAla [ dilhI darabAramAM kedI tarIke rajU karavAmAM AvyA. thoDA samaya pachI evA samAcAra maLyA ke khAnajI nAme islAIlI vaherAonA eka netA, anya bAra vyaktionI madadathI nAstika siddhAMtane upadeza kare che. e lekee IsA ane tAjanI mukti mATe eka lAkha ane cauda hajAra rUpiyA ekaThA karyA che. teo pAse potAnA siddhAMtone phelAvo karatAM 60 pustaka paNa che. oraMgajhebe te gujarAtanA sUbedArane hukama karyo ke e mullAMne enA bAra sAgarIta sAthe keda karI, enAM pustaka tathA ekatra karela dhana sAthe dilhI darabAramAM mokalavAmAM Ave. e uparAMta vaherAonAM bALako tathA azikSita moTerAMone dharmanuM sAcuM jJAna maLe te mATe teone rUDhicusta sunnIone apAtuM zikSaNa ApavAmAM Ave. amadAvAda tathA anya paragaNAnI A pramANe vyavasthA karavAno hukama eNe karyo ane e mATe jarUrI kharcanI rakama IsmAIlI vahorA koma pAsethI vasUla karavAnI tAkIda karI. A rIte samagra vaherA koma upara eNe bhAre atyAcAra karyA.8 auraMgajhebanI dhArmika asahiSNutA tamAma gerasunI leka tarapha hatI. sunI ulemAo ane anya saiyada tarapha e mAnI lAgaNIthI jeta. Alama rajAno havAlo saMbhALatA bukhArI saiyadane eNe ghaNI bakSisa ApI hatI. auraMgajheba rUDhicusta siddhAMtonA pAlanamAM hamezAM vyasta rahetA. enA pitAne keda karI e dilhI saltanatane adhikArI banI gayo hato. IslAmanA niyama pramANe jumAnI namAjhamAM potAnA khutabo paDhavA mATe eNe kAjIne vinaMtI karI. paraMtu te samayanA sAmrAjyanA kAjI us kujAte pitAnI hayAtImAM putranA nAmano khuba paDhavAno inakAra karyo. AthI auraMgajheba dvidhAmAM paDyo. te samaye gujarAtanA aNahilapura pATaNanA eka sunnI vidvAna, zekha abdula vahAbe auraMgajhebane dvidhAmAMthI mukta karyo. zekha kAjI us kujajAta sAthe dhArmika carcA karI emaNe siddha karyuM ke auraMgajhebanA nAmane khuba paDhavAnuM zAstrasaMmata che. A sevAnI kadara karIne auraMgajhebe zekha abdula vahAbane kAja ulU ujajAtane UMcA hoddA para nImyA. auraMgajhebanAM badhAM kAryo pAchaLa enI dhArmika bhAvanA dekhAya che. anya dharmAvalaMbIone ane anya musilama saMpradAyane enAmAM dhArmika jhanUna dekhAya e ravAbhAvika che. paraMtu cAritryazuddhi ane siddhAMta-pAlanamAM e aTala hato. e dRSTithI jotAM sArAye sAmrAjyamAM eNe sunI siddhAMtanuM pracalana karyuM. bahAdurazAha zAhaAlama 1le ziyAmatAvalaMbI hato. enA samayamAM I.sa. 1708 mAM gAjhIudInakhAnane amadAvAdanA sUbedAra tarIke mokalavAmAM

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dharmasaMpradAya [385 Avyo hato. bahAdura zAhe pitAnA e sUbedArane hukama karyo ke zukravAranI Ama namAjhamAM, jyAre pegaMbara sAhebanA uttarAdhikArIonAM nAma levAmAM Ave tyAre, haja. alInAM birudomAM "vasI" (vArasadAra) zabda umeravAmAM Ave amadAvAdanI jAme majidamAM jyAre khatIbe e pramANe zabdaprayoga karyo tyAre sUbedAra sAthe Avela turAnI sipAhIoe ene virodha karyo ane pharIthI e zabdaprayoga na. karavAnI khatIbane cetavaNI ApavAmAM AvI, paraMtu A bAbatamAM e makkama rahetAM eka rUDhicusta musalamAne ene mimbara (vyAsapITha) parathI kheMcI kADhI enuM khUna karyuM. A badhA prasaMge parathI mughala kAla daramyAna islAmanuM svarUpa spaSTa thAya che. rAgA jAhya zArAma bAdazAha dvArA dhArmika siddhAMtane puSTi maLatI ane e pramANe prajAe potAnI mAnyatAo ane siddhAMta ghaDavAM paDatAM. sAmAnya musalamAna te IslAmanA mULabhUta siddhAMtanA pAlana dvArA pote muslima tarIke jIvI zakato, paraMtu sAMpradAyika saMskAra pAmela muslima anyamatAvalaMbI musalamAna sAthe saMgharSamAM Avato. rUDhicusta mullAo potAnuM varcasa cAlu rAkhavA mATe aneka prayatna karatA. pariNAme AMtarika saMgharSa utpanna thato. akabara jevA dharmasahiSNu bAdazAhanA samayamAM AvA saMdharSa ghaNA ochA jovA maLe che, paraMtu auraMgajheba jevA dharmacusta bAdazAhanA samayamAM rUDhicurata mullAMonA varcasa nIce AvA ghaNuM saMgharSa pragaTa thayA che. 3. jarathostI dharma vasavATa ane prasAra I.sa. 1516 mAM navasArImAM pavitra Ataza lAvyA bAda pArasIoe ghaNI pragati karI hatI. pavitra Atazane vAMsadAthI navasArI lAvavAmAM Avyo tyAre saMjANanA traNa bedI navasArI AvIne vasyA hatA. navasArImAM A samaye je mULa pArasIo hatA te bhAgariyA ke bhAgaliyA tarIke oLakhAyA, kemake potAnI kamANIne-Avakane bhAga teo vaheMcI letA hatA.8* dhArmika kriyAvidhi karavAnA haka bAbata navasArInA bhAgariyA ane saMjANa beda vacce vakhatovakhata matabheda UbhA thatA hatA ane aMdaroaMdara takarAra cAlatI hatI. A takarAre navasArImAM vAraMvAra bhayAnaka rUpa lIdhuM hatuM ane ene nikAla Atazane pitAnA kharce navasArI lAvanAra pratiSThita zeTha cAMgA AzA ke nava Iti-6-25

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281] mughala kAla * sArInA pahelA vaDA dastUra maherajI rANA paNa lAvI zakyA na hatA. 8 Ama chatAM pavitra Atazane kAraNe pArasIonA navA mathaka tarIke navasArInI khyAti dezavidezamAM prasarI hatI. mughala bAdazAhe ane jarathostIe ema kahevAya che ke mughala bAdazAha akabara I.sa. 1573 mAM suratamAM hato tyAre ene navasArInA prathama vaDA dastUra mAhayAra-mAhayArajI-maherajI rANuM sAthe mulAkAta thaI hatI. bAdazAha emanI sAthenI dharmacarcAthI ghaNo prabhAvita thayA hato. tehapura sIkkInA ibAdatakhAnAmAM dharmacarcA karavA mATe bAdazAha akabare I.sa. 1578 mAM emane dilhI AvavA AmaMtraNa pAThavyuM hatuM. akabare emanI pAsethI jarastI dharmanA siddhAMtonI samaja keLavI hatI. emanI AcAravicAranI pavitratAthI akabara aMjAryo hato. emanA upadezanI ane vyaktitvanI akabara upara evI UMDI asara thaI hatI ke eNe potAnA eka sikkA para jarathostI dharmano siddhAMta ketarAvyo hato. e A pramANe hatoH "je mANasa sIdhA rastA upara cAle che tene meM kadI saMkaTamAM joyo nathI."82 pitAnA kuTuMbanA nibhAva arthe dastura maherajIne navasArInA pArola paragaNumAM 200 vIghAM jamIna bAdazAha akabare bheTa ApI hatI. A dastUranA avasAna bAda enA dIkarA kekAbAdane bIjI 100 vIghAM jamIna kuTuMbanA nirvAha athe ApI hatI. bhUmidAnanAM A baMne pharamAna akabare anukrame I.sa. 1590 ane 1603 mAM karyA hatAM.83 akabare pitAnA ibAdatakhAnAmAM I.sa. 1580 mAM pavitra Ataza baherAmanI sthApanA karI hatI ane jAheramAM e AtazanI ane sUryanI upAsanA karato hato. gujarAtamAMthI pArasI dastUronuM je pratinidhi maMDaLa I.sa. 1582 mAM akabarane maLavA gayuM hatuM tene enA para noMdhapAtra prabhAva paDayo hato. akabare I.sa. 1584 mAM je na "ilAhI saMvata" zarU karyo hato temAM mahinA ane divasenI gaNatarI IrAnI paMcAMga pramANe svIkArIne mahinA tathA divasanAM nAma IrAnI rAkhyAM hatAM. vaLI akabare potAnA rAjyamAM jarathostI dharmanA utsavo ane tahevAre UjavavAnI jAherAta paNa karI hatI.85 bAdazAha jahAMgIre potAnA rAjya-amala daramyAna I.sa. 1618mAM navasArInA be dastUrone bhUmidAna aMgenuM pharamAna kADheluM. A be daradUra te mulA jamA5 ane mullA hozaMga. gujarAtanI lAMbI mulAkAta daramyAna bAdazAha jahAMgIra amadAvAda AvavAne hato tyAre enA darabAramAM ene maLavA mATe

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11 muM], dharma-saMpradAya [87 A be daratUree ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI niSThApUrvaka rAha joI hatI. bAdazAha jyAre darabAramAM padhAryA tyAre emane teoe navasArInA jaI attaranI cAra bATalI bheTa dharI hatI. A bheTathI prasanna thaIne jahAMgIre teone potAnA darabAramAM se rUpiyA rokaDA ane surata jillAnA navasArI kambAnI 100 vIghAM jamIna dAnamAM ApI hatI.84 A dastUronI vaMzAvaLI jotAM ema jaNAya che mullA jAmAspanuM mULa nAma cAMdajI kAmadIna hatuM. sthAnika AdhArabhUta vAyakA pramANe bAdazAha akabara emane "mulA jAmAspa"nuM biruda ApyuM hatu. zakya che ke navasArIthI pArasIenuM je pratinidhimaMDaLa akabarane maLavA mATe dilhI gayuM hatuM temAM dastUra maherajInI sAthe cAMdajI kAmadIna paNa gayA hoya ane emanI sAthenI dharmacarcAthI prabhAvita thaIne emane A biruda ApavAmAM AvyuM hoya.07 akabare zarU karele ilAhI saMvata jahAMgIre cAlu rAkhyo hato ane pote custa muslima hovA chatAM eNe potAnI AtmakathAmAM varSonI saMkhyA ane mAsanAM nAma ilAhI saMvata pramANe ApyAM che.88 - oraMgajhebe jajiyAre hiMduonI jema pArasIo upara paNa nAkhe hato. vaLI suratamAM mughala amaladAre pArasIone judA judA prakAre kanaDagata karatA hatA. A badhAM kAraNethI suratanA nAmAMkita dAnavIra pArasI rustama mANeke I.sa. 1660 mAM dilhI rUbarU jaIne auraMgajhebane phariyAda karI hatI. pariNAme auraMgajhebe pArasIo pAsethI levAto jajiyAre rada karyo hato. 17 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM rustama mANeka zeThe * suratamAM temaja enI AsapAsanAM gAmomAM ghaNuM pule kUvA taLAva dharmazALAo vagere baMdhAvyAM hatAM. gujarAtanA pArasI samAjamAM dAnavIra tarIke emanI khyAti hatI. Aje paNuM suratamAM je vistAramAM emanI milakata hatI te "suratamaparA" nAmathI oLakhAya che.91 Ataza baherAma-navasArIthI valasADamAM gujarAtamAM pArasIonI vastI vadhatAM teonI dhArmika kriyAvidhi mATe bedoe pAMca paMthaka pADyA hatA, Ama chatAM teo vacce vakhatovakhata vikhavAda thato hato. saMjANathI AvelA mAbede ane navasArImAM vasatA asala mebe vacce I.sa. 1516 thI AvakanI vaheMcaNInA bhAga aMge vikhavAda zarU thayo hato. A vikhavAde I.sa. 1686 mAM ugra svarUpa lIdhuM. navasArImAM moTuM

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388) mughala kAla ramakhANa thayuM. A ramakhANa saMjANuM ane bhAgariyA atharanAnetemaja behadIne vacce jAmyuM hatuM, jemAM keTalAkane mate AThara athavA eka ajJAta pAsI kavi ke jeNe "saMjANA bhAgariyAnA vikhavAdanuM kAvya racyuM che tene mata mujaba, sAta3 pArasIonAM khUna thayAM. A ramakhANamAM ghaNA pArasI ghavAyA hatA. pariNAme navasArInA cha mobene khUna karavAnA Aropasara suratanA baMdIkhAnAmAM keda pUravAmAM AvyA hatA. nava mahinA bAda suratanA vaDA akabara modI kuMvarajI nAnAbhAInAM prayatna ane lAgavagathI teone cheDI mUkavAmAM AvyA hatA. A kAraNathI navasArInA behadInee khUba UhApoha karyo hato. navasArImAM thayelA A vikhavAdane kerTakacerIne Azare levA chatAM sahelAIthI aMta AvyuM na hatuM. gAyakavADa sarakAranA hukamathI chevaTe saMjANA bede Ataza baherAmane navasArIthI I.sa. 1741 mAM valasADa laI gayA tyAre ja A vikhavAdane aMta Avyo.94 suratamAM pArasIone vasavATa mughala kAlamAM navasArI ane anya paMthakanA pArasIoe paNa suratamAM dhaMdhArthe AvIne vasavATa zarU karyo hato. ahIM vepAra mATe yuropanA dezamAMthI je vepArIo AvatA hatA temanA dalAla dubhASiyA nANAvaTI ke bhAgIdAra tarIke pArasIo AvIne sthira thayA hatA. vaLI surata ane enI AsapAsanAM gAmamAM pArasIonI vastI vadhavAthI godAvarA paMthakanA vaDA mathaka aMkalezvaramAMthI cAra bebe nAme pestana khorazeda, arpadayAra cAMdA, kAmadIna baherAma ane lIma maherajIne mekalavAmAM AvyA hatA.5 I.sa. 1721 mAM 26 mI navembare jAmAspa nAmane eka IrAnI mebeda surata Avyo hato. eNe ahIMnA pArasIonA paMcAMganI gaNatarImAM eka mahinAne "phAvata joyo hato, paraMtu suratanA pArasIonuM A bAbatamAM dhArmika jhanUna joIne e gabharAyo hato. eNe suratanA dastUra dArAbane, navasArInA dastUra jAmAspa AzAne ane bharUcanA dastUrane "jhaMda-pahelavI" zAstragraMtha zIkhavyo hato.94 jaja buthiyara nAmano aMgreja amaladAra suratamAMthI I.sa. 1718 mAM prApta karelI vaMdIdAda, vispada ane gaMda-avastAnI nakale sthAnika pArasIo pAsethI meLavI I.sa. 1723 mAM IglenDa gayA hatA, paraMtu IMglenDamAM A pustaka vAMcanAra koI hatuM nahi 97

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11 muM]. dharma-saMpradAya pIMDhArAonA trAsane kAraNe I.sa. 1733 mAM saMjANuM pArasIo pavitra Atazane navasArIthI jokhama vahorIne salAmata rIte rAtorAta surata laI AvyA hatA ane e ja varSamAM pAchA suratathI navasArI lAvyA hatA.9 Ataza baherAma-navasArIthI udavADA navasArIthI pavitra Atazane I.sa. 1741 mAM valasADa lAvyA hatA, paraMtu rAjakIya UthalapAthalane kAraNe tyAMthI saMjANA morabeda pAra nadI oLaMgIne I.sa. 1742 nA okaTobara mAsanI 28 mI tArIkhe A pavitra Atazane udavADA laI gayA.9 udavADAmAM zeTha banAjIe baMdhAvI Apela Ataza baherAmamAM e pavitra Ataza rAkhavAmAM Avela che. IrAnathI lAvelA pavitra Atazane lagabhaga aDhIse varSathI pArasIoe udavADAmAM jatanapUrvaka AdarathI jALavI rAkhela che. A kAraNathI ja pArasIo mATe udavADA sauthI agatyanuM tIrthadhAma banyuM che. vasavATane vistAra I.sa. 1640mAM aMgrejoe potAne vepAra suratathI muMbaI khaseDa tyAre e varSamAM surata pAsenA sumArI gAmanA desalajI nAnAbhAIe muMbaImAM vasavATa karyo hato ne teo porTugIjha sattAvALAonA kArabhArI tarIke nokarImAM rahyA hatA.** pArasIonI vastI vadhavAne kAraNe muMbaImAM judA judA vistAramAM pArasI dAtAo taraphathI vakhatovakhata dakhamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A samayamAM pArasIo navasArI valasADa surata umaragAma bharUca aMkalezvara khaMbhAta sonagaDha navAparA vyArA vasAI amadAvAda muMbaI thANuM puNe vagere sthaLoe vasatA hatA ane pitAne dharma pALatA hatA. pAdaTIpa 1. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, "zaiva dharmane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 77 1. ejana, pR. 145 2. " kacchanI sAMskRtika yAtrA, "pathika', varSa 13, aMka 3, pR. 77 3. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 168 4. nAkara kavi dizAvALa vaNika hato; pote racelAM AkhyAna potAnA eka brAhaNa mitra madana ke madana sutane vegakSema arthe seMpI deto hato (ke. kA. zAstrI, "kavicarita', bhAga 1, pR.104). anumAna thAya che ke nAkarane e mitra paurANika ke mANabhaTTa haze.

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390] ' mughala kAla pa. durgAzaMkara zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 164-65 6. zrImAla purANa" (adhyAya 70) anusAra, zrImALIonAM keTalAMka getronI kuladevatA vaTayakSiNI ane keTalAMkanI bhUtezvarI che. arvAcIna zrImAla ke bhInamAlanA pAdaramAM kSetrapAlanuM maMdira che tyAM kSetrapAla uparAMta vaTayakSiNa ane bhUtamAtAnI pUjA thAya che. sarasvatInA tIrapradezanAM tIrtho varNavatAM "sarasvatIpurANa mAM (sarga 16, bleka 215) sahastraliMga sarovaranA kinAre bhUtamAtAnuM maMdira hovAnuM kahyuM che. prabhAsapATaNamAM bhUtamAtAnuM maMdira hovAnuM "prabhAsakhaMDa'mAM che. bhUtamAtA e ja gujarAtaprasiddha bUTamAtA. araNeja uparAMta vaDhavANamAM lakhataramAM ane mahesANA pAse bUTA pAlaDI gAmamAM baTa mAtAnAM maMdira che ( bho. ja. sAMDesarA, "anusmRti', pR. 33-34). 7. narmadAzaMkara mahetA, "zAkta saMpradAya', pR. 8-99 8. le. ja. sAMDesarA, uparyukta, pR. 74 9. gAyakvADa oriyenTala sirIjhanA 81 mA graMtha tarIke 1937 mAM e prasiddha thayo che. 10. narmadAzaMkara mahetA, uparyukta, pR. 11-115 1. e ja, pR. 119 12. e ja, pR. 120-127 13. e ja, pR. 127. jamIbAInAM jIvana ane kavananA vigate paricaya mATe juo 6ThThI gujarAtI sAhitya pariSadanA ahevAlamAM zrI DAhyAbhAI derAsarIne nibaMdha janIbAI-eka prAcIna zAkta kavayitrI'. 14. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 388 15. ke. kA. zArI, " zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI', pR. 51 tathA 164 16, nareDAmAM gopAladAsa kSatriyanA gharamAM vallabhAcAryajI mukAma karatA. gopAladAsanI vinaMtIthI AcAryazrIe emane tyAM ThAkorajInuM svarUpa padharAvyuM hatuM. A zrI. zyAmalAlajInuM svarUpa, je hAla amadAvAdamAM kAlupuramAM dezIvADAnI piALamAM zrI naTavaralAla najIka virAje che (ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 93). lokasamudAyamAM A maMdiranI prasiddhi naTavaralAla-zyAmalAlanA maMdira tarIke che. 17, siddhapurathI vallabhAcAryajI pATaNa padhAryA hatA ane emaNe sahastraliMga sarovaranA kinAre mukAma karyo hato evI sthAnika anuzruti che tathA "vallabhadigvijaya Adi graMthanuM ene anumodana che. pATaNamAM emaNe bhAgavatapArAyaNa nahi karyuM hoya ane tethI tyAMnA nivAsasthAne beThaka tarIke prasiddhi nahi maLI hoya ema ja anumAna thAya che.

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11 muM] dharma-saMpradAya T39 18. vallabhAcAryajInI 84 beThakanA paricaya mATe juo ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 17-196. 19. e ja, pR. 173 20. e ja, pR. 174 2. navInacaMdra AcArya, "mughalakAlIna gujarAtano itihAsa', pR. 226-17 22. ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 174 ra3. e ja, pR. 175 24. e ja, prastAvanA, pR. 7-8. A kAlamAM dorAyelAM kRSNacaritaviSayaka citromAM mughala vezabhUSAnI bhAre asara che. Aje paNa gujarAtamAM bhajavAtA bhavAInA vezamAMnA kRNacarita-viSacaka vezonA pozAka Adi upara spaSTa mughala prabhAva che. saMbhava che ke e vezenuM chevaTanuM saMkalana mughala kAlamAM thayuM hoya. udAharaNa tarIke, jena dhAtupratimA-lekha parathI jaNAya che ke vAyaDA jJAtine sAro evo bhAga agAu jaina dharmAnuyAyI hato. vAyaDA jJAtinA mULa sthAna (pATaNa pAsenA) vAyaDa uparathI jenone vAyaDa garacha nIkaLe che ane emAM prasiddha jaina AcAryo thaI gayA che. e AkhI jJAti vallabhAcAryajI pachInA samayamAM puSTimArganI anuyAyI thaI jaNAya che. zrImALI poravADa moDha khaDAyatA lADa nAgara vANiyA AdimAM paNa AvAM saMpradAya-parivartana thayAM. 26. ke. kA. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 174 ra7. ke. kA. zAstrI, "kavicarita', bhAga. 2, pR. 94-97 28. e ja, pR. 498-99 29. e ja, pR. 500-501 30. ke. kA. zAstrI, "zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI', 5. 155, 215 31. dvArakAthI raNachoDajInI mUrti bhakta beDANA DAkoramAM lAvyo e prasiddha anuzruti mirAte ahamadI'e paNa ApI che ane e ghaTanA saM. 1212(I.sa. 1156)mAM banI hovAnuM noMdhyuM che (mirAte ahamadI', guja. bhASAMtara, bhAga 2, pR. 155). kavi gopAladAse racelA boDANuM AkhyAna'mAM paNa saM. 121ra nuM varSa ApyuM che (6. ke. zAstrI, viSNava dharmano saMkSipta), ItihAsa pR. 363). A anukRtine bIje kaI AdhAra hajI maLyo nathI. "beDANuM AkhyAna' saM. 1781(I.sa. 1725)mAM racAyuM hoI DAkoranuM tIrtha e pahelAnuM to nizcitapaNe che. vaDodarAvAsI kavi nAkara saM. 1572(I.sa. 1516)mAM DAkoranI jAtrAe gayo hato ema eNe pote ja "harizca drAkhyAna (kaDavuM 35)mAM kahyuM che. pezavAne sUbo AppAjI gaNeza I.sa. 1760mAM amadAvAda AvatAM pahelAM, mArgamAM, DAkeranI yAtrAe gayo hato (Commissariat, op. cil, p. 556), paNa DAkoranuM hAlanuM maMdira pezvAnA zarApha gepALa jagannAtha tAMbekare I.sa. 1772 mAM baMdhAvyuM hatuM. DAkora e taLagujarAtanuM sauthI moTuM vaiSNava tIrtha che ane e asAMpradAyika hoI jUnA samayanA paurANika vaiSNava dharmanA sAtatyarUpa che.

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32] mughala kAla pri. 3ra. rudramALa vize "mirAte ahamadI' lakhe che : "sarasvatI nadI upara siddharAja jayasiMhe baMdhAveluM e moTuM maMdira che. ahIM mUrtio ane enA zaNagAra ghaNA sArA mUkelA hatA, ahIM pUjA ghaNu ThAThathI thatI. musalamAnanA vakhatamAM enI kharAbI thaI. amadAvAda vasAvanAra sulatAna ahamade emAMnI mUrtio kADhI nAkhI ane masjidanI nizAnI karI dIdhI have ghaNo vakhata vIthI khaMDera thaI jaI enI paththaranI imArate bAkI rahI che ("mirAte ahamadI', gujarAtI bhASAMtara, bhAga 2, pR. 155-56). 33. "mirAte ahamada" (guja. bhASAMtara), bhAga 2, pR. 144-56 34. A maMdiramAMnI mUrti sAraMgapura daravAjA bahAra, sAraMgapura nAme parAmAM hatI, paNa vAraMvAranAM bakheDA ane lUMTaphATamAM e parAno nAza thatAM, zaheramAM sAraMgapura cakalA pAsenA hAlanA sthaLe enI pratiSThA karavAmAM AvI hatI (Commissariat, op. cit, p. 554). 35. e ja, pR. 156. "mirAte ahamadI' A maMdira vize lakhe che ke e "hamaNAM dezIvADAnI poLamAM vrajabhUkhaNanA gharamAM che. AkhA divasamAM pAMca vakhata jaIne vANiyA tyAMnAM darzana kare che ane A maMdiranuM mahAbhArata khaca pUruM pADe che.' spaSTa che ke naTavaralAla-zyAmalAlanA puSTimArgIya maMdira vize tavArIkhakAra lakhe che. 36. e ja, pR. 156-58, AzApUrInuM maMdira kRpAzaMkara nAgare navuM banAvyuM hatuM ema "mirAte ahamadI' nedhe che. 37. e ja, pR. 158-59. amadAvAdamAM kAraMjanA medAnamAM, AjhamakhAnanI sarAI pAse, bhadranA killAne aDIne AvelA bhadrakAlInA suprasiddha maMdirane ullekha sara : mirAte ahamadI mAM nathI e sUcaka che. I.sa. 1758 mAM amadAvAda marAThAonA pUrNa Adhipatya nIce AvyuM tyAra pachI e maMdira baMdhAyuM lAge che. 38. ahIM "mirAte ahamadI e dadhIci RSinI tapazcaryA vizenI AkhyAyikAne paNa ullekha karyo che. 39. ahIM "mirAte ahamadI' leTezvara tIrthanI vAta kare che, je uttara gujarAtanI loka belImAM Aja sudhI TI" tarIke oLakhAya che. 40. siddharAja jayasiMhe baMdhAvelA sahastraliMga sarevarane TUMko paNa spaSTa vRttAMta mirAte ahamadI'e Apyo che. vizeSamAM e lakhe che: "pATaNa zaheranA jUnA killAnI hadamAM hatuM e (taLAva) hamaNAM ujajaDa che.....iralAmIo tyAM AvI pahoMcyA tyAMsudhI brAhmaNo (tyAM) A pUjA karatA hatA : tyAra pachI A taLAva mANase ane jAnavaronA pANI pIvAnA kAmamAM AvavA lAgyuM. auraMgajhebanA rAjayamAM mATI kADhavA ane pAchuM lAvavAnA kAma upara eka darogo rAkhelo ane

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nA mu] dhama-saMpradAyo [393 e marAmata kharca sarakArI khajAnAmAMthI maLatuM hatuM, jethI karI emAM pANI barAbara bhareluM rahetuM hatuM, hamaNAM emAM kacaro bharAI gayo che ane bhoMya barAbara thaI gayuM che, tenI kaI khabara letuM nathI paraMtu tenI nizAnIo barAbara che" ("mirAte ahamadI' guja, bhASAMtara, bhAga 2, pR. 64-65). 41. e ja, pR. 160-65 42. e ja, pR. 134-43 43. e ja, pR. 140-43 44. e ja. pR. 165-67. "mirAte ahamadI no kartA dIvAna alI muhammada khAna lakhe che ke gujarAtanA mughala sUbA, jodhapuranA mahArAjA abhayasiMhanA nAyaba ratanasiMha bhaMDArIne pUchIne pote jainadharma vizenI mAhitI ApI che. ratanasiMha bhaMDArI cauhANuM rAjapUta, paNa dhameM zrAvaka hato (e ja, pR. 166). Commissariat, op. cit., p. 509 46. navInacaMdra AcArya, uparyukta, pR. 241 47. mehanalAla desAI, jana sAhityane saMkSipta itihAsa', pR. 555 8. jinavijayajI, "prAcIna jaina lekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha naM. 511-13 re. Commissariat, op. cit. pp. 509 t. 59. sthAnika anuzruti che ke pATaNa pAsenA vAlIpura gAmamAM pArzvanAthanI A mUrti hatI, paNa tyAM zrAvakonI vastI ghasAI javAthI e mUrtinI pATaNamAM nUtana maMdiramAM pratiSThA karavAmAM AvI hatI. pATaNanI eka jUnI caityaparipATImAM vADIpura gAma tathA emAMnA maMdirane ullekha che tathA saM. 1598(I.sa. 1542)mAM samavimalasUrie pATaNamAM cAturmAsa karyo te samaye teo jinavaMdanAthe vATikapura-vADIpura gayA hatA evo eka nirdeza eka paTTAvalI (vividha gacchIya paTTAvalIsaMgraha, pR. 5) mAM che, je anuzrutinuM samarthana thAya che. 51. A zilAlekhanA saMpUrNa pATha tathA enA anuvAda mATe juo bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA lekha." pR. 95-100. para. e ja. mahuvA(saurASTra)mAM pratiSThita thayelI AcArya hIravijayasUrinI mUrti nIcenA zilAlekhamAM vikrama saM. 1653 sAthe "pAtasAhI zrI akabarapravartita saM. 41' arthAta ilAhI saMvatano ullekha che (muni vidyAvijayajI, "sUrIzvara ane samrATa' prastAvanA, pR. 5).. 54. mehanalAla desAI, uparyukta, pU. pa63-14 - 54. e ja, pR. 566 55. A vizene cha paMktine gujarAtI zilAlekha giranAra upara caDatAM rAjA bhartuharinI guphAthI thoDeka AgaLa pahADamAM kotarelo che. mULa lekha mATe juo bhegIlAla sAMDesarA, uparyuMkata, pR.92-93.

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394) mughala kAla 56. mohanalAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 568-69, haravijyasUrinA samayamAM thayela madire pratiSThA ane saMghayAtrA mATe juo muni vidyAvijayajI, "sUrIzvara ane samrATa', prakaraNa 9. 57. bhegIlAla sAMDesarA, uparyukata, pR. 113 (gujarAtanAM zAhI mughala pharamAne e lekha). hIravijayasUrinA pAdukAmaMdira mATe akabare vIsa vIghAM jamIna ApI hatI ema hIrasaubhAgya' (sarga 17. leka 1lpa) nedhe che. 58. e ja, pR. 114. e pharamAnamAM eka rasaprada hakIkta che ke porTugIjha pAsethI pIparanuM athANuM meLavIne mokalavAnuM paNa pAdazAhe sUcaveluM che. 59, e ja, pR. 115 60. e ja, pR. 116 61. e ja. pR. 116-17 62. e ja, pR. 117 6. muni vidyAvijayajI, "sUrIzvara ane samrATa, pR. 235-41 64. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, ItihAsa ane sAhitya,' pR. 157 65. mohanalAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 506-9 66. e ja pU. pa09-10 67. bhegIlAla sAMDesarA, vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA lekho, pR. 114 68. "purAtatva", 5.3, aMka 4 mAM zrI jinavijayajIne lekha jUnI gujarAtImAM eka jena etihAsika carcA. 69. vijayadAnasUrine svargavAsa pATaNa pAsenA vaDalI gAme saM. 16ra1(saM. 1565)mAM thayo hato. emanA pAdukA-maMdiranA gujarAtI zilAlekha mATe juo bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, uparyukta, pR. 93-94. 70. A viSayanA samakAlIna etihAsika sAhitya mATe juo mehanalAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 562-63. 71. IsavI sananI 19mI sadInA pUrvArdha sudhI to "bhUjanI pizALa" kavipadeSuo mATe rItasaranI tAlImazALA hatI. arvAcIna kAlanA AraMbhakALe gujarAtI kavi dalapatarAme kAvya racavAnuM zikSaNa tyAM lIdhuM hatuM. eka saMsthA tarIke e sane 1948 sudhI cAlu hatI ane emAMthI pasAra thanArane kaccha rAjyanA keLavaNIkhAtA taraphathI pramANapatra apAtuM. bhAratanI svAtaMtryaprApti pachI 1948 mAM kacchanA pahelA cIpha kamizanare A zALA baMdha karavAno TharAva karyo hato. (`kacchamitra', dIpotsavI aMka, saM. ra0ra9 mAM rAmasiMhajI rAThoDane lekha, kacchanI vrajabhASA pAThazALA; vaLI juo bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, "saMzodhananI keDI,' pR. 101. prastuta pAThazALAnA abhyAsakrama mATe juo kevara caMdraprakAzasiMha-saMpAdita "kAvyaprabhAkara kiMvA rukamiNIharaNa," prastAvanA.) 72. pravINa ci. parIkha, "bhAratane sAMskRtika itihAsa-I.sa. 1000-1818', vibhA 3, pR. 21

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11mu] dhamasapradAyA [35 73. M. S, Commissariat, History of Gujarat, vol. II, pp. 12 f. 74. vijayasiMha ki. cAvaDA, 'bhAratIya saskRtinA vikAsamAM videzIonA sapakanI asara', pR. 57 kAlavAta toJAti" garamInA '(anu. saumIkSa), rR. 100 75. 76. Commissariat, op. cit., p. 125 78. Ibid., : 77. Ibid., p. 186 p. 207 79. Ibid,, p. 385 80. pe. phrI. balasArA, pArasI itihAsanAM ANavAjoga prakaraNA', pR. 42 81. perIna dArAM DrAivara, 'sattaramA zatakamAM pArasI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA', pR. 71 81. pe. phI. balasArA, uparyukta, pR. 32 83. Commissariat, Imperial Mughal Farmans in Gujarat, p. 21; History of Gujarat, Vol. Il, pp. 223f. vadhu abhyAsa mATe jue zrI. je. je. meAdInA lekha : The Parsees at the court of Akbar and Dastur Meherji Rana', Journal of the Bombay Branch of Royal Asiatic Society (JBBRAS), Vol. XXI, pp. 69-245. 84. R, C. Majumdar and others (Ed.) The Mughal Empire, p. 137 ane Commissariat, History. of Gujarat, Vol. II, pp. 222f. 85. Commissariat, lbid, p. 225 86. Commissariat, Imperial Farmans in Cujarat, p. 21; History of Gujarat, Vol. II. pp. 77f. vadhu abhyAsa mATe jue zrI. je, je, meAdInA lekha: 'A Farman of the Emperor Jehangir in favour of two. Parsees of the Dordi Family of Naosari,' JBBRAS, Vol. XXV. pp. 419-90. 87-88. Commissarit, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, p. 78 89. ma. e. paTela, pArasI prakAza', gra'. 1, pR. 15 ane 23 90. zrI. rustama mANeka suratanI pATugIjha kAThIenA mukhya dalAla hatA. paradezIesAthe vepAranAM pagalAM mAMDanAra teo pahelA pArasI hatA. emanI vRddhAvasthAmAM aMgreja vahIvaTadAro sAthe khaTapaTa jAgatAM emanA sauthI nAnA putra navarAjajIne 1723 mAM aMgreja kaMpanInI kATa` Aph DirekTasa samakSa peAtAnA dAveA rajU karavAmeAkalyA hatA. A dAvAmAM emanI jIta thaI hatI. I.sa. 1723mAM bhAratamAMthI. iMglaeNnDa janAra tee prathama bhAratIya pArasI hatA ( perIna dvArAM DrAivara ), uparyukta, pR. 76. 91. ba. ke. paTela, uparyukta, graM. 1, pR. 23

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mughala kAla 92. ejana, pR. 19 93. perIna dArAM DrAivara, uparyukta pR. 76. emaNe potAnA mahAnibaMdhamAM A kAvyanuM saMzodhana karIne ene graMthastha karyuM che. 94. ejana, pR. 78 5. ba. e. paTela, uparyukta, graM. 1, pR. 14-15 96. ejana, pR. 23-24 97. ejana, pR. 25 98. ejana, pR. 23. eraya ja. tArAporavAlAnA mata mujaba, "navasArInA IrAnazAha lagabhaga savA base varSa sudhI sahIsalAmata rahyA pachI I.sa. 1733 mAM marAThA navasArI para caDI AvyA te samaye dasturo meTuM jokhama kheDI rAtorAta IrAnazAhane laI salAmata surata pahoMcI gayA. tyAM traNa varSa rahI navasArImAM badhuM samAdhAna thavAthI I.sa. 1736 mAM IrAnazAhane pAchA navasArI lAvyA." juo buddhiprakAza, pR. 83, pR. 291. .ee. D. F. Karaka, History of the Parsis, Vol. I, p. 48 100.ba. be. paTela, uparyukta, gaM. 1, pR. 23

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khaMDa 4 purAvastu prakaraNa 12 sthaLa-tapAsa ane utkhanana dvArA maLelI mAhitI mudhala kAlamAM purAvastu kSetranI tapAsa karatAM eka hakIkata spaSTa thAya che ke A kAlanA avazeSo paikI pramArA para sAruM dhyAna apAyuM che, paNa tatkAlIna nAnImeATI vastunA itihAsa paratve e dRzya dekhAya che, AthI keTalAka dAgInA, citrA, nAnI meATI sacavAyelI vastue A kAlanI e dhANIe| tarIke vikharAyelI paDelI che. taduparAMta A kAlamAM pracalita paraMparAmAM kAma karanAra kArIgare paNa hayAta hAI e para parA pramANe navA sAmAna paNa taiyAra thAya che. A baMne paristhitine lIdhe sAmAnyataH najIkanA bhUtakALanI vastuonA adhyayanathI itihAsanI tapAsa karavA tarapha durlakSa sevavAmAM Ave che tethI A kAlanA purAvastune abhyAsa dhaNA prAraMbhika che. vaDAdarA amadAvAda bharUcaH jevAM sthaLAe thayelAM avalAkaneAne AdhAre nIcenI rUparekhA prastuta karI che : A kAlamAM, khAsa karIne 16 mI sadI pachI, bAMdhakAmamAM vaparAtI IMTAnA kadamAM phera paDatho che. jUnI IMTAnI sarakhAmaNImAM A IMTA pAtaLI Azare 15x22x4 thI 5 senTimITaranA kadanI che. A IMTonA upayAga 16 mI sadIthI zarU thAya che, para Mtu ene pracura pramANamAM upayega 17 mI 18 mI tathA 19 mI dImAM jovAmAM Ave che. atyAre vaparAtI yurApIya kadanI TaeNkhala IMTAnA vaparAza ApaNe tyAM 19 mI sadImAM vadhyA ane atyAre evI iTA banAvavAneA tathA vAparavAnA cAla sAmAnya thaI gayA che. ITAnI sAthe mATIkAmanI vastue jyAre joIe chIe tyAre eka hakIkata spaSTa thAya che ke saltanata kAlanI paraMparA A kAlamAM cAlu rahelI che. e paraMparAmAM khAsa karIne kAcanA Apa caDhAvelA vADakA, cALI, kAThIo,

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398), mughala kAla pri. ityAdino upayoga paNa jANato hato. e jAtanAM vAsaNa Aje cinAI mATImAM banatAM dekhAya che. paraMtu mATInAM sAmAnya prakAranAM vAsaNonAM ghATa ane kadamAM A kAlanI paraMparAmAM saltanata kAlanAM ghaNuM tattva rahelAM che, ane e adyApi cAlu rahelAM dekhAya che. sahatanata kAlamAM cInathI AyAta thatAM vAsaNenI AyAta A kAlamAM paNa cAlu hatI, paraMtu enAM raMgIne vAsaNonI rekhAo tathA raMgamAM keTalAka phera paDela heI sArA abhyAsIo A bheda pArakhI zake che. prastuta kAlamAM lokhaMDI sAmAna salatanata kAlanA sAmAna sAthe sarakhAvAya eve che, paraMtu emAM topa baMduka tamaMcA vagere Ayudho vadhu pramANamAM jovAmAM Ave che, tathA ghaNAM rAjyanAM sIledakhAnAMmAM enA namUnAo maLI Ave che. khIlA, bAMdhakAmane sAmAna vageremAM khAsa bheda pArakhavo muzkela che, paraMtu vadhu tapAsa thatAM judI judI vastuone bheda pArakhavAnuM saheluM thatuM jaze. tAMbA ane pittaLanI vastuo tathA rAcaracIlAnI vastuomAM paNa mughala kAlamAM vividha zailIo jovAmAM AvatI heI, enuM viziSTa varNana ane zakya nathI, paraMtu emAM rAjapUta tathA bhAratIya zailInI sAthe madhya eziyA, IrAna vagere pradezanI zailInuM mizraNa varatAya che. A kAlathI tamAkune upayoga karavA mATenA vividha prakAranA hukkA calamo vagereno pracAra vadhato jAya che ane e adyApi cAlu che ene lIdhe mATInA hukkA, calama vagerenA avazeSa A kAlanA staramAM maLI Ave che, A kAlathI yuropathI vividha prakAranI vastuo bhAratamAM AvavAnI zarUAta thAya che. e uparAMta evA mAlanI keTalIka nakala paNa thAya che, taduparAMta bhAratamAM banatI vastuo yuropamAM jatI te paikI ghaNI tyAMnAM saMgrahasthAnamAM sacavAyelI che. pAdaTIpa 1. ahIM ApelI mAhitI tAjetaramAM thayela anveSaNanI aprakAzita aMgata jANakArInA AdhAre ApelI che.

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prakaraNa 13 sthApatyakIya smAraka 1. nAgarika sthApatya (a) nagarene vikAsa mughala zAsakoe gujarAtamAM koI navAM zahera vasAvyAnuM jANamAM nathI, paraMtu pahelAMnAM vidyamAna nagaramAM ghaNAM vikasyAM haze, ghaNAmAM parivartana AvyuM haze, te kaIka kALagrasta paNa thayAM haze. muslima vastI potAnA samUhamAM jAtivarNAdhivAsa paddhati pramANe ja arthAta sAmAjika zreNInA anusaMdhAnamAM vasatI haze, jene khyAla amadAvAdanA mULa Ayojana parathI paNa AvI zake che. mughala kAlamAM amadAvAdanI sthiti ane vikAsane khyAla ApavAmAM "mirAte ahamadI'nuM bahu moTuM pradAna gaNI zakAya, kAraNa ke e mughalAInA aMta samaye lakhAyela hoI emA tAtkAlika bhUtakALanuM pratibiMba vadhu spaSTa jovA maLe che. amadAvAda: e jamAnAmAM amadAvAdanI uttama zahera tarIke belabAlA hatI. oraMgajhebanA samayanA amadAvAdanuM varNana zrIrAjasAgarasUrinA "nirvANarAsaramAM maLe che. e rAsa saMvata 1722(I.sa. 1666)mAM lakhAyo che. emAM amadAvAdanAM parAM ane jaina saMghanA mukhya mukhya puruSonAM nAma paNa che. amadAvAda ghaNAM judAM judAM nAmathI saMbedhAtuM ? rAjanagara zrInagara ahammadAvAda ahimmadAvAda amadAvAda ahamadapura akamipura ahamadanagara, to vaLI paradezI musAphara amadAvAta amadAvAjha ane amadAvAra paNa kahetA. mughala kAlamAM amadAvAdamAM poLo ane calAM hayAta hatAM ene keTalAka khyAla "mirAte ahamadI" parathI Ave che. e batAve che ke mahamUda begaDAnA samayathI vaselAM bhinna bhinna pue eka ekama banI poLa ane cakalAMne astitva ApyuM ane mAtra 150 varSamAM jAtivarNAdhivAsanI bhAratIya paddhatine sacoTarUpe mUrtimaMta karI batAvI. hiMdu-muslima baMne prajAne vasavATa chatAM A zaheramAM zreNIbaddha samAja-AjananI bhAratIya paddhati, je jAtivaNadhivAsa tarIke pracalita hatI, tenuM videzI prajAnA vasavATamAM paNa eTaluM ja mahattva rahyuM ane varNone kramabaddha dhaMdhe temaja agatyanI parApUrve anusAra vasavATa

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400] mughala kAla jhi karAvI bhAratIya nagara-AyeAjana paddhatinI saphaLatAne paricaya paNa karAvyuM. AvuM ja dhoLakA khaMbhAta, hiMmatanagara jUnAgaDha mahemadAvAda cAMpAnera vagere zaheramAM paNa thayuM. mirAte ahamadI' amadAvAdamAM 17 calAM hatAM ema nedhe che ne teonAM nAma A pramANe Ape che : khAsa bajAra (bhadra ane tripoliyAnI vacce), pAnakera, mANekacoka, DhIMkavA, tIna lImaDI, bhaMDerIpura, IdavArapura athavA kabIrapura (khADiyA tarIke jANItuM), rAyapura, AstADiyA, jamAlapura, rAyakhaDa, khAnapura, zAhapura, IDariyA, dariyApura, sadara jahAna, jehArIvADA (jhaverIvADa). ahIM cekI mATe keTavAla rakhAtA. piLa vagerenuM astitva jovA maLe che e parathI salatanatanA gALAmAM zarU thayele paLono vikAsa A kAlamAM sAro evo thaye haze e 'mirAte ahamadI'nA lakhANa parathI ne emAM ApelAM nAmo parathI samajAya che. dhaMdhAnA AdhAre, mukhya vyaktinA AdhAre ke prAkRtika paristhitinA AdhAre poLonAM nAma paDelAM jovA maLe che. emAM pATakano upayoga "pADo" ke "vADothI hajIya cAlu che, paNa e pATaNanA jeTale ahIM pracalita nathI. amadAvAdanA AyojanamAM poLa vadhu, khaDakI khAMcA nAkAM zerI vagere ochAM, ne muslima vistAramAM zerI galI khAMca mahele phaLiyuM vAsa mahelAta vagere jovA maLe che. atyAranI bhaMDerIpoLa e samaye bhaMDerIpura (nAnuM nagara) kahevAtI. AvI badhI thaIne 80 mukhya poLa hatI, jemAMnI ghaNInAM nAma atyAre cAlu che ne ghaNuM nAma jaDatAM nathI. zaheranI bahAra parAMne vasavATa thayeluM jovA maLe che. satanata kAlamAM amadAvAdanI AsapAsa ghaNuMkharAM parAM vasyAM hatAM. mughala kAlamAM zahera bahAranI vastI vadhatAM havelI paragaNAnAM keTalAMka gAma parAMomAM gaNAyAM. enAthI UlaTuM dUranAM parAM gAmomAM gaNAyAM, jemake Isanapura asAravA Asapura samIpura inAyatapura zekhapura vagere. mughala bAdazAhanA vakhatamAM ahIM keTalAMka navAM parAM paNa vasyAM, jemake jahAMgIrapura nuragaMja murAdagaMja kAjIpura navaraMgapura bAbIpura vagere. | mughala kAlanA gujarAtanA zreSTha nagarasthApatyanA namUnA tarIke amadAvAda hatuM enI pratIti karAvatAM tatkAlIna musApharonAM varNana nagara-Ayojana padavinyAsa temaja janasamAjanI saMskRti ne vaibhavane sAro khyAla Ape che. bAdazAhI samayanA varNanamAM zaheramAM rastAomAM chAyA mATe jhADa ropavAmAM

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13 su'] sthApatyakIya smArakA [401 AvyAM hatAM ene ullekha che. mATA mahelA ane parAMnAM badhAM makAne mATe bhAratIya sthApatya ane nagara-AyeAjana praNAlI ja mukhya hatI. amadAvAdanA rastA sArA ane svaccha hatA. koI jagyAe sArAM cegAna hatAM ane leAkAnAM ghara paNa sArAM hatAM.4 abula phajhale lakhyuM che 'amadAvAda sAbaramatI para me ane sArI rIte baMdhAyeluM zahera che. sthaLa AreAgyavALuM che. tyAM tamane Apa duniyAmAM banatI cIjo maLI zake che. ene e killA aepa ane enI bahA zahera che. emAM pahelAM 360 parAM hatAM, paNa have 84 parAM sArI sthitimAM ...traNa kAza dUra vaTavA eka zahera che. e bAgamAM vaselu' che, ane tyAM sa MsArane tyAga karI eliyAe rahe che...tyAMthI traNeka kAza cheTe sarakheja che. tyAMnI gaLI uttama thAya che, ane rUma(rAma) tathA bIjA dUra dezAvara nikAza thAya che. 6 'tArIkhe khristA'nA lekhaka pazu lakhe che ke 'amadAvAda ekadare AkhA hi MdustAnamAM sarvAMthI suMdara zahera che ane kadAca AkhI duniyAmAM paNa kahI zakAya?.7 sara Tomasa re| ane enA mAsAe paNa amadAvAdanA khyAla emane AvyA tevA ApyA che--zaheranA rastA paththara jaDelA hatA. upara evAM UMcAM jhADa hatAM ke dhADA upavanamAM pesatA hAIe evuM lAge. ' makAna eziyAnAM khIjA zaherAnI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNAM suMdara hatAM. dhara ITAnAM, sArAM naLiyAthI chAyelAM ane vaMDA vALI lIdhelAM hatAM, sUbedAranu makAna paththaranuM vizALa amIrI ane sArA AMgaNuAvALuM hatuM. phreMca musAphara theveneA nagararacanA para sArA prakAza pheke che : amadAvAdamAM ghaNA meATA meTA bAga che. dareka bhAganI AsapAsa krATa hoya che ane daravAjA AgaLa maMDapa jevuM hoya che. eka vizALa sareAvara jovA huM gayA, enI vacce 80 ceArasa phrUTane eka suMdara bagIce che. bagIcAne cheDe nAnAM sagavaDavALAM makAna che ane pachI ahIM tahI aneka chAparAM ane ekasarakhA sudara hajIrAe dekhAya che. zaherane krUratA kATa che ane amuka aMtare meTA geALa bhuro ne kAMgarA che. parAM sAthe zaheranI laMbAI 4 mAIla che. amadAvAdamAM jhADa ane mAga ghaNA che, jethI kAI U~cI jagAethI joIe teA lIlAM vRkSAnuM vana lAge.' bIjA paNa aneka musApharA karelAM vatA parathI amadAvAdanI yeAgya nagarayeAjanAne khyAla AvI zake che.8 amadAvAdanA rastAonI vyavasthA a MgenA ullekha AgaLa joye. pA vinyAsanI dRSTie enI mahArathyA thyA padyA vagerenA khyAla paNa zaherama. pharatA lekAne AvatA haze. e samaye AjanI jema meTA ane yAMtrika vAhane zruti-6-26

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402]. mughala kAla [ J, na hatA tethI daravAjAnI UMcAI hAthInI savArInI UMcAInA anusaMdhAnamAM rahetI ane rastAnI paheLAI zAhI ratha hAthI ane baMne bAju aMgarakSaka ghoDesavAro sAthe rahI rahe teTalI eTale ke 24 gaja arthAta 36 phUTanI rahetI. zaheranA koTanI sAthe sAthe pharate rasto dhaMTApatha hato, tyAM thaIne mukhyatve utsavayAtrAo varaghoDA nIkaLatA ne zaheranI pradakSiNe paNa thaI jatI. atyAre rathayAtrAnA varaghoDAne mArgadama lagabhaga evo cAlu che temaja jaina utsavonA prasaMge paNa varagheDAne mArga e ja rahe che. | Ama chatAM tatkAlIna mulAkAtIonAM varNana parathI mAlUma paDe che ke bhadranA killAmAM AvelI mahelAtA A vakhate bismAra hAlatamAM hatI ane ene aranAra samarAvavI paDatI. zAhajahAMnA sUbedAra AjhamakhAne navo suMdara mahela bAvyo. bhadranA daravAjAnI pUrvamAM je bhAga A kAlamAM umerAya tenI dakSiNe AvelI AjhamakhAnanI sarAI e A mahelane agrabhAga lAge che. e pachI zAhIbAgane vikAsa thatAM sUbedAro e bAganI aMdara AvelI mahelAtemAM paNa rahevA lAgyA. pATaNa: ema kahevAtuM AvyuM che ke pATaNanA AdhAre amadAvAdanI racanA karavAmAM AvI, je amadAvAdanI nagara Ayojana paddhatine cakAsatAM barAbara ke sAcuM TharatuM nathI. UlaTuM, hAlanA pATaNanA nagara Ayojanane temaja purAtatvIya ane sAmAjika vistAronI goThavaNIne abhyAsa karatAM eTaluM te cekasa jaNAya che ke hAlanuM pATaNa kaI paNa saMyogomAM amadAvAdanI sthApanA pahelAM astitva dharAvatuM na hatuM. A muddAnI vigatavAra chaNAvaTa prastuta che. - rAjadhAnIo ke nagare para jyAre humalo karavAmAM Ave ne e nagarane jItavAmAM Ave tyAre pahelI pratikriyA tatkAlIna rAjyakartAnA vasavATa para thAya che; have je jhanUnapUrvaka nagarane nukasAna karavAmAM Ave ke lUMTa calAvavAmAM Ave, bALavAmAM Ave--je svAbhAvika hatuM-to janatA tyAMthI nAsI jAya ne bAjunA salAmata vistAramAM jaIne vasavATa zarU kare. vaLI AvuM thAya tyAre vijetAe paNa prajAne bAhedharI ApavI paDe, kAraNa ke prajA na hoya to rAjya kenA para kare ? ethI lokone vinAza thayelA vistArathI bahu dUra na hoya ne enA para rAjya karI zakAya tevI rIte vasAvavAmAM vijetA madadarUpa paNa thAya che. e sAthe zahera ujajaDa thayAnA bahu ochA dAkhalA che. have prAcIna pATaNa, jenA para alAuddIna khalajInI phoje humale karyo hato, te sAthe amadAvAdanA AyojananI tulanA karIe. ahamadazAhe amadAvAda

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya samAra [403 visAvyuM ane ene vistAra je rIte thayo te rIte jotAM pATaNanA AkArane meLa khAya ema nathI, kAraNa ke pATaNane keTa hatA. ahamadazAhanA samayamAM amadAvAda eTale rAjamahAla, medAne zAhanI uttara ane dakSiNe AvelA vistAra (je AgaLa jatAM zAhapura khAnapura ane jamAlapura tarIke oLakhAyA) ane jAmI masjidavALo vistAra vikasyA hatA vaLI jo rastAnA padavinyAsanuM Ayojana hata te rastA sIdhA trijyAmAM daMDarUpe Avata, paraMtu amadAvAda kharekharuM vasyuM te mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM. eNe potAnA umarAne chatamAM madada karavA badala jamIna ApI pura vasAvavA sagavaDa ApI. emAM paNa eNe padavinyAsanI A yojanA tarapha dhyAna ApyuM nathI lAgatuM. vaLI kAlupura sAraMgapura dariyApura tAjapura rAyapura AstaDiyA vagere vistAro vikasyA pachI eNe zaherane kATa karAvyo che, tethI ahIM pATaNanA namUnAnuM anusaraNa karavAne kaI prazna upasthita thato nathI, te pachI pATaNa preraNArUpa hatuM evI ka9panA kevI rIte AvI ? A tapAsavuM joIe. nagara-AyojananI prAcIna paddhatimAM je dhoraNa nakakI karelAM hatAM tenA AdhAre vistAronAM nAma paDatAM. emAM bhinna bhinna dhaMdhAkIya samuhenI zreNI ke kArIgaronI zreNI temaja haTa arthAta hATa ke caukta arthAta cakalAM temaja piLa vADA vaga vagere janasaMkhyA temaja Ayojana uparAMta jAtivaNuMdhivAsanI paddhati nAmakaraNamAM kAraNabhUta rahetI ane eka ja nagara-prakAramAM sAmAnya rIte samAna nAmakaraNa-paddhati cAlu rahetI. ghInA vepArano bhAga ghIvaTa ke ghIkAMTe, jhaverIvADa, sanInI khaDakI ke poLa, mukhya bajAra te mAMDavI-jyAM maMDape UbhA karIne mAla vecAte ne e ravAbhAvika rIte ja nagara ke puranI vacce khullA medAnavALo ne AjubAju dukAnevALo raheto tethI mAMDavIpura ke mAMDavI-amadAvAda pATaNa vaDodarA surata temaja e nAmanAM gAma paNa enuM sUcana kare che. AvI samAnatAe pAchaLanA samayanA lokone amadAvAdamAM pATaNanuM anukaraNa thayuM che ema mAnavA preryAM haze. hAlanuM pATaNa mughala samayanA aMta sudhImAM vasI gayuM hovAnA purAvA upalabdha che, e AdhAre e keIe vasAvyuM ke vastI dhIre dhIre jAmatI gaI ne enI hAlanI sthitie pahoMcyuM temaja ene bhadrano killo, je amadAvAda sAthe ene saMbadha bAMdhavAmAM madadarUpa thAya che, enI racanA kyAre thaI ene kakyAsa kADhavo jarUrI che. enAthI je kAlamAM nagaro na rathApavAmAM Ave te paNa dhIme dhIme emAM kevI rIte umerA thaIne vasavATa jAme che ene khyAla paNa

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404]. mughala kAle Ave. sau prathama te hAlanuM pATaNa amadAvAda pachI vasyuM ane amadAvAdamAM enuM anusaraNa nathI enA purAvA tapAsAe. sulatAnanA samayamAM amadAvAdanA dilhI daravAjAnuM nAma "IDariyo daravAje hatuM ne akabare e zahera jItyA pachI e daravAjAnuM nAma "dilhI daravAjo" paDayuM, eTale pATaNane dilhI daravAje akabaranA zAsanakAlamAM ke pachI thayo hovAne vadhu saMbhava che. akabaranA mAnamAM amadAvAdanA rAjamahAlayamAM kATanA daravAjAnI AgaLa daravAje karavAmAM AvyuM ne enI haroLamAM AjhamakhAne sarAI baMdhAvI e jANItuM che. e samaye gujarAtamAM keTalAka kilo " bhadra " nAme oLakhAtA. enuM mukhya kAraNa e manAya che ke e killAonA pravezadvAra pAse bhadrakALInuM sthAnaka hatuM, paraMtu vadhu saMbhavita e che ke A kilAonI AjanA bhadra arthAta "sarvatobhadra' prakAranI hatI. pATaNamAM paNa enA pachI-amadA Ada pachI kiTale banavAne kAraNe ene "bhadrano kiTale" nAma apAyuM. pATaNanA traNa daravAjA ane amadAvAdanA tripoliyA-traNa daravAjAmAM racanAkAlanI dRSTie ghaNo moTo taphAvata che. pATaNanA traNa daravAjAnI racanA spaSTataH pachInI che. amadAvAdanA kATanA ane pATaNanA keTanA racanAkAlamAM pATaNane keTa mughala samayanA aMta-lagabhaga marAThA kAla sudhI pahoMce eTale Adhunika che. bhAratIya puranivezanA niyamo anusAra pATaNa e spaSTata: pattanam nagararacanAne prakAra che, jyAre amadAvAda daMDaka ane kAmuMkanuM mizraNa thaI kALe karIne vikasele mizra purasamUha che.* pATaNane amadAvAdanI jema bAra daravAjA che. emAM gUgaDI daravAjAnI bahAra jamaNI bAjunA gokhalAmAM eka phArasI zilAlekha hi.saM. 1177 eTale I.sa. 1760ne che temAM khaDakI-bArInA daravAjAne jIrNoddhAra karyAnI noMdha che. 11 A khaDakI bArIno daravAje gUgaDI daravAjAthI doDhaso vAra dUra hato. A batAve che ke pATaNane koTa I.sa. 1760 pahelAM astitva dharAvato hato. khAnasarovara parathI oLakhAto khAnadaravAje spaSTapaNe khAnasarovara nAma pracalita thayA pachI ja nAmakaraNa pAmyo haze e nirvivAda che A khAnasarovara akabaranA dUdhabhAI khAna ajhIjha kekAe, e jyAre gujarAtane bIjI vArane sUbedAra (I.sa. 1583-89) hatA tyAre, baMdhAvyuM hatuM, e batAve che che pATaNane koTa e gALAmAM ke e pachI tarata thayuM hovAno saMbhava ghaNo che.

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13 muM ] thApatyakIya samArake 3405 motI daravAjo nAma motI masijada parathI paDayuM lAge che. hAlanA pATaNamAM prAcIna pATaNathI AvI vaselA lokonAM kuTuMbee potAnuM pAchaluM gaurava jALavavA navA lattAone paNa evAM jUnAM nAma ApyAM hoya e spaSTa samajAya che. emAM khetaravazI mahole' bahu sAro prakAza pheMke che. muslima asara nIce ene "mahollA " kahyo che ne "khetaravazI" e khetaravasahI kSetravAti apabhraMza) che. e samaye vasavATanAM juthane "vasahI" nAmathI oLakhatA. pATaka" parathI "vADA" ane "pADA' zabda pracalita banyA che, jemAMthI amadAvAdamAM "vADA" vikasyA che, paNa pATaNanI hiMdu vastInI khAsiyata pADA'ne jUjapaNe sthAna maLyuM che. pATaNanI pazcime "anAvADA gAma che, je jUnuM aNahilapATaka hevAne ghaNo saMbhava che. tyAM javAnA rastA para AdInA masjida alAuddInanA pahelA sUbedAra alpakhAne baMdhAvI hatI, e "mirAte ahamadI' ullekha kare che. hakIkate AvI baMdhAtI bharijada najIkamAM ja vasavATa sUcave che. jUnA kALakA maMdira pAchaLa keTa prAcIna pATaNano saMbhavata: heI zake. e maMdirane lIdhe koTane e thoDo bhAga banyo che. emAMnA be thAMbhalA para 13 mA saikAnA lekha che, e batAve che ke navA pATaNa mATe navAM kAlikA mAtAnA sthAnanuM mahattva vadhyuM. keTalAka bIjA ullekha hAlanuM pATaNa, aNahilapuranA vatanIo tyAMthI khasI ahIM sthira thatAM, dhIme dhIme vikaryuM hovAnI pratIti karAve che. ema thayuM hovAne ghaNe saMbhava che ke mahAlayonI najIka je loka hatA temane pATaNa tUTatAM ja e jagyA choDI javAnI pharaja paDI, tyAM AgaLa vijetAonI vastI sthira thaI ne e leke nagaranI pUrva bAja sthira thayA. dhIme dhIme pUrva bAju vastI vadhatI gaI ne chevaTe ene kATa thayo. emAM jUnAM sthAnanuM punarAvartana paNa thaI zakyuM temaja bahu dUra gayA sivAya jIvanapravRtti cAlu rahI. pATaNanAM sthaLa-nAmone abhyAsa karatAM Ama banyuM haze ema spaSTa thAya che. TUMkamAM, pATaNane keTa akabaranA samaya pachI thoDA samayanA gALAmAM thayo ne pAchaLathI marAThAoe e lIdhe tyAre ene majabUta karI emAM umero karyAnuM jaNAya che. cAMpAnera sulatAna kAlanuM cAMpAnera yA mahamUdAbAda mahamUda begaDAe vasAvyuM te hatuM, paraMtu enI sthaLa pasaMdagI ucita na hovAthI ene vikAsa thaI zakaze nahi,

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406] mughala kAla ( 5. bake ene jaladI nAza karyo. mughala kAlamAM mahamUdAbAdamAM rAjadhAnI na rahevAnA kAraNe tyAMnI mukhya pravRtti-rAjasevAno lAbha lokone maLatuM baMdha thaye. vaLI tyAM parvatanI taLeTImAM koI udyoga ke vepAra-rojagArane vikasAvavAnuM paNa anukULa nahotuM, bIjI bAju hAlela-kAlela jevA vepAradroe paNa cAMpAneranA jIvanataMtrane sAro evo phaTako mAryo hato. pariNAme vastIne vadhAre the to dUra rahyo, paraMtu e dhIme dhIme bAjunA mULa cAMpAnera tarapha temaja thoDe dUra hAlola-kalela jevAM vepAra-udyoganI pravRttivALAM nagara tarapha javAnuM cAlu karI dIdhuM ne thoDA ja samayamAM mahamUda begaDAnA e sthAnane bIju makakA banAvavAnuM svapna hatuM na hatuM thaI gayuM. (A) keTa-kilA amadAvAda zaheranI vastImAM mughala kAlamAM sAro evo vadhAro thayo haze e spaSTa jANavA maLe che. vaLI vAraMvAra humalA thavAnA kAraNe amadAvAdane keTa vAraMvAra tUTI jato haze ane samarAvA haze e paNa dhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. paraMtu koTanI asala dIvAlamAM asarakAraka pheraphAra bhAgye ja thayA hovAnuM jaNAya che. mirAte ahamadI pramANe e samaye keTa eka puruSa pramANa paththarano ne bAkIno ITa ane cUnAno hato. 3 ene bAra daravAjA, 139 buraja tema ja 6709 athavA 607 kAMgarA hatA. koTanI UMcAI ATha vAra hatI. amadAvAdanA keTane te pANInI relathI paNa nadIvALI bAjue vAraMvAra nukasAna thayuM che. aura gajhebanA samayamAM koTa ghaNI vAra samarAvyAno ullekha "mirAte ahamadI' kare che. A kile e jamAnAmAM kAbula ane kaMdahAranA majabUta killAothI saheja ja Utarato gaNAte ema 'mirAte ahamadIne kartA noMdhe che. . A kAlamAM jUnAgaDha mughalenA saurASTra vibhAganuM vahIvaTI mathaka hatuM. jUnAgaDhane rakSaNa mATe sAro killo hato ne kudaratI rIte paNa parvatanA kAraNe rakSaNa maLatuM hatuM. uparakoTanA killA uparAMta mahamUda begaDAne karelo kille paNa hato, ne ene "mustaphAbAda nAma paNa maLyuM hatuM. uparakoTanA killAne auraMgajhebanA sUbedAra amInakhAne samarAvyo. 14 eNe amadAvAdanA bhadranA killAne paNa rU. 2900 khacIne samarAvyuM. vaLI I.sa. 1673 mAM Azare rU. 8250nuM kharca vAtraka nadI paranA (hAla kapaDavaMja tAlukAmAM AvelA) AjhamAbAda koTa-vADInA killAne (je AjhamakhAne kaLIone kAbUmAM rAkhavA baMdhAvyo hata) samarAvavA amInakhAne majUra karyuM. A koTa I.sa. 1636-38 mAM baMdhAyo hate.

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13 mu^] sthApatyakIya smArakA [407 AjhamakhAne bIjo kille khalilAbAda gAme - je hAla 'kALI' tarIke jANItuM che te amadAvAdathI aDAlajanA raste 10 ki. mI. dUra che tyAM - kha dhAvyA hatA. tra!jo killA eNe rANapura khAte badhAgyeA te ene zAhapura'nA killA nAma ApyuM. e bhAdara ane gAmA nadInA sa Mgama para AvelA che, ene meTA bhAga paDI gayA che, chatAM haju enA suMdara jharUkhA dekhAya che. } rAdha sura mughala kAlamAM lagabhaga badhAM nAnAMmeTAM zaherAne kATathI rakSaNa ApavAnI pati hatI. A kAlamAM thayelI caDAIesamAM vaDAdarA tharAda nAMdoda Dara khabhAta navAnagara( hAlanuM ja nagara) havada dhrAMgadhrA mArI bharUca vIramagAma dhroLa rAjapIpaLA cAravADa zAda dAheAda surata pATaNa pAlanapura prAMtIja vaDanagara vIsalanagara vagerenA ullekha e nagare te killA hovAnI sAbitI Ape che. muddala kAlamAM thayela jItakhAganI pAse AvelA jetalapuranA killA paNa A kAla daramyAna baMdhAyA gaNAya. vijA pura (4) maga-magIcA sudhalenA udyAnaprema itihAsa-prasiddha che. gujarAtamAM paNa emanI preraNAthI keTalAka nAmAMkita bagIcA thayA. AmAM akbaranA samayamAM baMdhAyelA phatehabAga, jahAMgIranA samayamAM badhAyela jItabAga ane rustamamAga temaja zAhajahAMe baMdhAvela zAhIbAga noMdhapAtra che. akabaranA samayamAM mirajhA khAnakhAnAe dakSiNanA sulatAna mujhaphphara husena paranI jItanA mAnamAM tekhANa karAvyA hatA (I.sa. 1584). A phatehabAga sarakheja pAse che. e atyAre 'tehapurA' tarIke jANItA vistAra che. bAdazAha jahAMgIre A bAganI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI tyAre pAnakhara Rtu cAlatI hovAthI tyAM jhADa ane cheDa upara kAgaLanAM banAvaTI pAMdaDAM ane phaLaphUla karAvavAmAM AvyAM hatAM. zAhajAdA zAhajahAMnA baLavA samAvavAmAM bhAga bhajavanAra muhammada sAphIkhAnane jahAMgIre ' navAba saikkhAna jahAMgIrazAhI 'neA ilkAba ApI tenuM bahumAna karyuM hatuM. e navAme amadAvAdathI thADe dUra AvelA jetalapura gAme eka bhAga banAvyA; e enA nAma parathI * saiph bhAga 'nA nAme oLakhA|. zAhajahAMnA khaLavA paranI jItanI yAdamAM banAvelA heAvAthI e jItakhAga' tarIke jANItA thayA. saikhAte bhAgane pharatI dIvAla paNa caNAvI hatI. amadAvAdathI 8 ki.mI. dUra, jamAlapura daravAjAthI bArejA mAtara ane seAjItrA thaI khaMbhAta '

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408] mughala kAla [y. javAnA raste, dasakroI tAlukAmAM jetalapura AveluM che tenuM varNana menDee karyuM che. A bAga enAM 15 varSa pUrAM kare te pahelAM eNe hato; eNe kahyuM che ke bAga suMdara jagAe hato, emAM uttama phaLa pAkatAM hatAM ne e diIne kAMThe hato. emAM aneka zamiyANA hatA. tyAM musAphira sarAI(musApharakhAnuM) ' hatI. nAra gI lIMbu dADama khajUra badAma-malabArI AMbalI kerI vagere aneka prakAranAM vRkSa hatAM ane ene eTalAM pAse pAse vAvelAM ke enI chAyA nIce sUryanA tApane joyA sivAya AkhA bAgamAM pharI zakAya amadAvAdanI uttare 60 vIghA jamInamAM nadIkinAre rustamabAga karele hato. emAM 4 imArato, 6 kUvA, 4 beThako ne paththarane daravAjo hato. A bAga pAse samaya jatAM zAhIbAga va. jahAMgIre suratamabAgamAM AnaMda karelo. A bAga sUbedAra zAhajAdA murAde pitAnA putra suratamanA nAmathI banAvyo hatA. e zAhIbAganI pUrva bAjue khar3agadhArezvara bAju Avyo haze. | mughala samayamAM thayelA bAgamAM zAhIbAganuM sthAna sauthI AgaLa paDatuM che, kAraNa ke tyAM zAhajahAMe pitAnA mATe mahela baMdhAvyo, je Aje gujarAta rAjyanA rAjyapAlanA nivAsasthAna tarIke hajIye vaparAya che. A zAhIbAga, makasadapuranI jamInamAM baMdhAyela che. ene zAhajahAMnA hukamathI kharIdavAmAM Avelo, IDariyA daravAjA(dilhI daravAjA)nI sAme nadInI bAjue keTalAMka makAna, kamAna, beThake, 12 buraja, 91 kUvA temaja makAno pha tI nahera sAthe badhI maLIne 105 vIghAM ne 3 vasA jamInamAM e bAMdhavAmAM Avela. ahIMthI hAjIpuranA daravAjA sudhI rastAnI baMne bAjue UMcAM vRkSa ropelAM hatAM ne enI pAchaLa subedAra ane umarAvonAM udyAna hatAM. samagra vistAra lIlerIthI manahara lAgata. Ane mATe rAjyanA kharce 100 jeDa baLada pANI sI catA. 70 bhALI, rakhavALa, khajAnacI, sAta vALanAra ane sAta paTAvALA kAma karatA. menDeTaralee zAhIbAgane begamapuranA bhAga tarIke gaNAvyo che. bAgane UMcI uttama dIvAla hatI; uparAMta emAM suMdara mahAlaya hato. enA oraDA moTA ane AkarSaka pharnicaravALA hatA. menDesle patharane pula oLaMgIne e bAgamAMthI "IrAbAga" nAme bIjA bAgamAM gayo hato. A pula 400 kadama jeTaluM lAMbo hatA. e bAgamAM mAchalIovALuM nAnakaDuM sarovara hatuM. emAM pANI bharavA mATe unALAmAM baLada joDIne yaMtra jevuM calAvIne pANI kheMcIne bharavAmAM AvatuM. eNpanIe nevuM che ke zAhIbAga bhinna bhinna UMcAIe kramavAra hato ne

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13 su sthApatyakIya smArakA [409 enI UMcAmAM UMcI jagAethI AjubAjunAM gAma dhaNuM dUra sudhI dekhAtAM hatAM. mirAte ahamadI'mAM A bAganI kharAba hAlatanI sakheda noMdha levAi che. enA vakhatamAM zAhamu paDI gayA hatA, khIjAM keTalAMka makAna paNa paDI gayAM hatAM te lagabhaga AkhA bhAga jAra ane bAjarI vAvavAnA khetara tara ke vaparAtA hatA. rustamabAga ane zAhIbAga pAse gulAbabhAga ane bAge teAta(zeturabAga) hatA, e badhA bAganI hada zAhIbAgamAM maLI gaI hatI. aur gajhebanA sUbedAra zAhajAdA AjhamazAhe zAhIbAganI jUnI imAratA pasaMda na paDavAthI rustaMmAga sAthe gulAbbAganI jamIna bhegI karI tyAM navA mahela badhAvyA hatA. kAMkariyA taLAvanI aMdara bAga bagaDI gayA hatA ne makAna paDI gayAM hatAM te sphIkhAne phrIthI banAvyAM te samarAvyAM hatAM. jUnAgaDhanA saradAra bAga aura'gajhebanA samayamAM saradArakhAne Azare I.sa. 1681 mAM badhAvyA hatA. (I) jaLAzayA pATaNanuM khAna sarAva : pATaNanI dakSiNe cANasmA javAnA raratA para AveluM. khAna sarrAra mULamAM kada ca sAla kI kAlanuM hAI zake, paraMtu akabaranA dUdhabhAI mIrajhA ajhIjha kAkAe peAte gujarAtane sUbedAra hatA te kAlamAM ja saMpUrNa paNe enuM puna dhIkaraNa karyuM. ene eTalI hada sudhI samarAvyu` ke enuM pAchalA kAlanuM svarUpa jaladI yAda na Ave. e lagabhaga I sa. 1582 mAMbaMdhAvyuM-samarAvyuM hAvAneA banneM sanA khyAla che. joke mirAte sikaMdarI ' vaLI ema kahe che ke A sAvara gujarAtanI svataMtra saltanata sthApanAra jharakha'na-mujhaphrazAhanA samayamAM vidyamAna hatuM. ema hoya teA e 14 mA saikAnA kAM te| baMdhAyu haze, athavA teA ene tyAre sAlI kAlanA sareAvaranA kalevaramAMthI punaruddhAra karI have enuM punarna`dhIkaraNa karyuM... haze. game tema hAya, atyAre astitva dharAvatuM khAna sarovara chelle mIrajhA ajhIjha kAkAe baMdhAvyuM che. nadInA cAlu pravAhane a taratAM banelA A sareAvaramAM pANI paheluM nAnA pulanI nIce thaIne geALa taLAva banI pachI bIjA pulanA staMbhAnI nIcethI pasAra thatAM seALa bAjuvALA suMdara rIte bAMdhelA nALAmAM thaIne jAya che. tyAM nAnI iMTAtu banAvelu Azare 6 5 mITara paheALu nALu... mArImAM thaIne sarAvaramAM paDe che. Azare 6.5 mITaranA paDayAra

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10] mughala kAla [pra. nALAnA nIcenA bhAgamAM bAMdhavAmAM Avyo che ne ene ra.75 mITara jADI merInI dIvAla sAme ATha thAMbhalAnA Teke mUkele che. 15mITaranA vyAsavALI traNa vartulAkAra morI sAmenI dIvAlamAMthI bahAra Ave che (A. 17). sAmenI bAju upara be nAnI chatrIone joDate paththarane kaTheDo moTI dIvAlane cheDe Avela jevA maLe che. naityamAM nakAmuM pANI kADhavA mATe traNa merI che ne e marI: hiMdu kArIgarImAM banelI hoI cekasapaNe 16 mI sadI karatAM te ghaNI jUnI che. A vyavasthAne kAraNe nadImAM pUra AvavA chatAM pANI amuka UMcAIthI vadhatuM nathI. sarovaranI cAre bAju paththaranAM pagathiyAM, Dherane pANI pIvA AvavA mATenA DhALanA bhAga choDIne, vyavasthita rIte banAvelAM che. A sarovaranI racanAmAM jUnAM maMdiranAM khaMDeronA paththara sArI peThe vaparAyA che. pANInI AvakavALA bhAgamAM jUnI kataraNIvALA staMbha jovA maLe che. A staMbha TUMkA ane thaDa rUkSa alaMkaraNovALA che; jANe ke guphAmaMdiranA thAMbhalA na hoya! evI rIte pANI bahAra kADhanAra nALAM sAthenA staMbha kAI maMdiranA sIdhA uThAvIne mUkI dIdhelA heya ema spaSTa dekhAya che. sarovara Azare 400 mITara x 420 mITaramAM lagabhaga caturasta AkAranuM che. patharanAM pagathiyAM cheka pANI sudhI jAya che. ghaNI jagAe ITakAma cokhuM jovA maLe che. enI AjubAju keTalAka hiMdu temaja islAmI rathApatyanA namUnA paNa astitva dharAve che. saMbhava che ke sahastraliMgane mahimA ghaTatAM ne enA tarapha dhIme dhIme ochuM dhyAna apAtAM A sarovaranuM mahatva svAbhAvika rIte vadhatuM gayuM hoya ne enA kAraNe enuM punarnavIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM hoya. mughala kAlamAM thayelA AtabAganI pAse AveluM jetalapuranuM taLAva paNa. A kAlanuM gaNAya. pATaNanI khArI vAva : A nAme be paLa 17mA saikAmAM pATaNanA uttara vibhAgamAM hatI. kahevAya che ke tyAM zrAvakenI mukhya vastI hatI. A vibhAgamAM khArA pANIvALI vAva haze tethI e vistAranuM nAma "khArI vAva" paDayuM haze. 15 rehanI vAvaH sarotrA(tA. pAlanapura)thI 7 kilomITaranA aMtare agnikhUNe rahe AveluM che. tyAM cAra nAnA abhilekhovALI eka vAva che. abhilekha enA staMbha para kotarelA che. AkhI vAva sapheda ArasamAM banAvelI che, joke badhe sAmAna jUnAM maMdirone ja vAparyo che. pravezatAM be bAju eka eka nAnI derI Ave che. pathathiyAMnI pahelA 2 mITara pahoLo paDathAra che. pachI 19 pagathiyAM che. e pasAra karyA bAda 2.5 mITara pahoLo bIje paDathAra.

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13 muM sthApatyakIya smArake [11. Ave che tenA para chAvaNa kareluM che. trIjo paDathAra 3 mITara pahoLo che; ahIMthI eka sIDI cheka nIce jAya che. vAvanA madhya bhAga aSTakeNa che. eka abhilekhamAM lakheluM che ke rAjA zrImanajInI patnI caMpA ane enI putrI sajajabAIe rUpiyA 51,000 khacIne A be derIe karAvI che. vaLI eka bIjI mUrti para paNa caMpAbAInuM nAma Ave che. A abhilekhanuM varSa saM. 1616 eTale I.sa. 156 0 ApeluM che. vAyaDanI vAva : pATaNathI lagabhaga 24 kilomITara uttara-uttarapazcime banAsa nadInI dakSiNe vAyaDa nAmanuM gAma AveluM che. barjesa tyAMnI vAvane hiMdu racanA gaNAve che, paraMtu vAvanuM rUpa ane taMbhanI racanA temaja Ayojana jotAM e IslAma kAlanI vadhu najIka Ave che. e lagabhaga 37 mITara lAMbI ane 4 mITara pahoLI che. pAMca mALanI racanAvALI A vAvamAM paDathAra TUMkA che ane e rahe karatAM viruddha prakAranA eTale ke khUba nAnA che. trIje mALe te utarANa mAtra 0.75 mITara pahoLAInuM ja che cheDe goLa kUvo che. ene. uparanI bAjuno vyAsa 4 mITara che ane nIce jatAM e sAMkaDo thatAM 3.5 mITara rahe che. enI upara pANI kADhavA mATe kesanI vyavasthA che. thAMbhalA aDAlajanI vAvanA jevA hevA chatAM vadhu sAdA che. e aSTakoNa thaI thoDA bhAgamAM geLa paNa thAya che, je islAmI sthApatyasaraNIne vadhu anukULa bane che. A vAvanI racanA 13 mI sadInI havAne ane ene mughala kAlamAM samAvavAmAM AvI hovAne ghaNe saMbhava che. mAMDavAno navoH bhamariyo kUvAne maLato Avate A kUvo mAMDavAmAM Avela che. e sthAna vAtrakanA DAbA kAMThe AmaliyArA(ji. kheDA)thI 8 kilomITara dUra AveluM che. A kuvAnI khUbI e che ke e ITane banAvela che ane ene vyAsa 8 mITara che. kUvAmAM sAMkaDI kamAna banAvelI che, jene hetu pANI kheMcavAmAM madadarUpa thavAnuM che. bIjI bAju traNa majalAnA bAMdhakAmamAM oraDA jovA maLe che. A oraDA-- Ane kAraNe e mahemadAvAdanA bhamariyA kUvAne vadhAre maLato Ave che (a. 18). kUvAmAMthI bhIMtanI vaccethI nIkaLato rasto enA uparanA bhAgamAM thaIne oraDAmAM jAya che. uttare bIjI sIDI pahele mALe aTake che. A mALa para traNa eraDA AgaLa ne traNa pAchaLa che. dareka mALane vacceno oraDe moTo ane kamAnadAra bArIvALo che, jemAMthI kUvAmAM najara nAkhI zakAya. nAnA oraDAmAM bhamarIvALI sIDI che. dIvAlamAM aneka gekha che. e batAve che ke e havA khAvAnA sthaLa tarIke unALu ArAma mATe upayogamAM Avato haze.

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kAra] mughala kAla puravaNI nagararacanA ane keTakilA. surata : suratamAM tApI nadInA pUrva kAMThe phIrojhazAha tugalakanA vakhatamAM I.sa. 1373 mAM nAno kille baMdhAyo hato. gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM suratamAM thayelA malika gopI(I.sa. 1496-1521)e zaherane vikAsa karI aneka paradezI vepArIone suratamAM vepAra-dhaMdhA mATe AkarSe che. 16 sthAnanuM mahatva vadhatAM e nAnA killAne sthAne rakSaNanI dRSTie majabUta killo bAMdhavAnI AvazyakatA UbhI thaI. AthI 1543 mAM moTe majabUta kille baMdhAya. A kiTale najIvA pheraphAra sAthe cheka 1759 mAM aMgrejoe lIdhe tyAMsudhI yathAvata rahyo. killAmAM jamInathI 75 phUTa UMcA buraja karyA hatA, jenA para topa goThavavAmAM AvelI hatI. Aje paNa A killAnA avazeSa nadI taraphathI jovA maLe che. aMgrejo vepArArthe pahelavahelA surata AvyA (I.sa. 1608) tyAre killAnI AgaLa medAna hatuM ne emAM zahera vaseluM hatuM. zaherane pharatA kAco koTa hato, je "zaherapanAha" nAme oLakhAtuM. emAM kevaLa traNa ja bhAgaLa hatI : variyALI, barahAnapurI ane navasArI. koTa bahAra pharatI vRkSanI vADa hatI; emAM pUrva tarapha karela jhApa avarajavara mATe vaparAto. navasArI bhAgaLanI dakSiNe navasaiyada nAmanI daragAha, pAse gopI taLA', enI eka pALe kabarastAna ane AMbAvADI hatAM. sagarAmapurA stamapurA salAbatapurA e uparAMone sthAne bAgabagIcA hatA. 18 zAhajahAMnA samayamAM suratanI AbAdI vadhatAM zaherapanAhanI bahAra paNa leke vasavA lAgyA. A navI vasAhatone paNa rakSaNa mATe AvarI levAya evI rIte maToDAMne kaTa kaTake kaTake baMdhAvA lAgyA.19 samaya jatAM e "AlamapanAha" nAme oLakhAyo. auraMgajhebanA samayamAM suratane makkAne daravAjo evuM upanAma apAyuM ane muslima yAtrALuonI avarajavara vadhI paDI, enI sAthe vepAravANijya paNa vadhyAM. * A samRddhithI chalakAtA zaherane zivAjIe 1664 mAM lUMTayuM. zaherane pharate mATIne kAcI keTa hato, paNa enAthI rakSaNa thaI zakayuM nahi. pachI paNa zivAjInI luMTa thaI, AthI zaheranuM rakSaNa karavA mATe suratanA mutsadI gyAsuddInakhAne (I.sa. 1660-69) zaherapanAhane pAke bAMdhavAnI kAmagIrI zarU

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya smAraka [ 13 karI. A vakhate barahAnapurI bhAgaLa pAse AvelI aMgrejonI 34 dukAne, ene. havAmahela ane bIjI pAkI imArato AvelI hatI te badhI ukhADI nAkhavAmAM AvI. 21 zaherapanAhanuM bAMdhakAma variyAvI bhAgaLathI zarU karavAmAM AvyuM.. pravAsI thavene ane ene pachI Avela phrAyare 1674 mAM A kaTanuM bAMdhakAma cAlu hovAnI noMdha karI che. eNvenoe nepyuM che ke koTa 10x10 no ITothI baMdhAya che. emAM zaherane bahu ocho bhAga AvarI levAyo che ane zaheranI keTalIka vastI e kATane lIdhe bahAra pheMkAI gaI che. phrAyare lakhyuM che ke e keTa UMco ane sArI pakavelI ITAno baMdhAya che. uparyukta mApa ApavAnI bAbatamAM thenonI bhUla thayelI jaNAya che. vastuta: zaherepanAha kaI kaI ThekANe 20 phUTa to koI ThekANe 28 phUTa jeTalo UMco hato, evI rIte enI pahoLAI 8 thI 12 phUTa sudhInI hatI. 22 navA zaherapanAhamAM 12 bhAgaLa karavAmAM AvI. uttarathI pUrva tarapha ardhavartuLAkAre jatAM e bhAgaLonAM nAma anukrame variyAvI, saiyadapurI, barahAnapurI, navasArI, majUrA, makkAI, bAdazAhI, DakakAnI.. rAjAovArAnI, phurajAnI, mIrabahUnI ane mullAM khaDakI. AmAMnI malAM khaDakI nAma pAchaLathI paDayuM jaNAya che. dareka bhAgaLamAM daravAjAnI baMne bAja UMcA buraja karelA hatA, jenA parathI topamAro karavAnI vyavasthA karelI hatI. zaherapanAhamAM cokabajAra, mullAM cakale, mAchalI pITha, rANI taLAva, kaNapITha, keLApITha, rahiyA senIne cakalA, bhAgAtaLAva, saMghADiyA vADa, baDekhAne cakalo ane Asurabegano cale eTale vistAra AvarI levAye.23 Aje zaherapanAha, naSTa thaI gayo che ane baDekhAnA cakalA jevI koI jagyAe enA avazeSa rahI gayelA jovA maLe che. auraMgajhebanA samayamAM suratanI vastI khUba vadhI jatAM zaherapanAha bahAra ghaNAM parAM vasI gayAM. A parAMone pharato kAco koTa taiyAra hato, paraMtu e rakSaNa mATe pUrato nahato. auraMgajheba ene pAke karAvavA mAgato hato, paraMtu enA avasAne e kAma paDatuM mukAyuM.' paraMtu marAThAo taraphanA satata bhayathI suratanA navAba (mutsaddI) haidarakulIkhAne zahera ane ene pharatAM parAMo sahitanI vastIne AvarI leto "AlamapanAha" I.sa. 1717 mAM baMdhAvo zarU thayo, je kAma I.sa. 1721 sudhI cAhyuM hovAnuM jaNAya che. pAchaLathI paNa emAM cheka 1762 sudhI sudhArAvadhArA thatA rahyA. 25 AlamapanAhanA vizALa bAMdhakAma mATe nakAmAM thaI gayelA gopI, taLAvanA taLiyAnA paththara kADhIne vAparavAmAM AvyA hatA. 24

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jA] mughala kAla (pra. AlamapanAha sADA pAMca mAIla lAMbo, lagabhaga 20 phUTa UMce ane 8 phUTa paheLe hato. emAM vAyavya phATakanA daravAjAthI zarU karatAM anukrame variyAvI, katAragAmane daravAjo, lAla daravAje, dilhI daravAje, saharAne daravAje, salAbataparAno, mAna (rUstamaparAno), navasarIne, jApharaalIna (sagarAma parA), majUrAne ane aThavAne ema kula 12 daravAjA AvelA hatA. dareka daravAjA upara beThaka ane enA para baMgalI karelI hatI. navasArI ane dilhI daravAjAnI baMne bAjue moTA UMcA buraja hatA ane enA para topo goThavavAmAM AvI hatI. keTane pharatI dIvAlamAMthI bahAranI bAju baMdUka tAkI zakAya e mATenAM bAkAM karelAM hatAM. 27 A daravAjAo paikI 1738 mAM baMdhAyelo lAla daravAje (A. 19) sArI hAlatamAM che. AlamapanAhanA bAMdhakAmathI zaherapanAhanI bahAra vikaselAM nIcenAM 14 para AvarI levAyAM : giyAsuddInaparA(ghAstIpurA) rAmaparA rUghanAthaparA mahIdharaparA haidaraparA begamaparA saiyadaparA hariparA navAparA indaraparA salAbataparA rustamaparA sagarAmaparA ane nAnaparA. A paikInAM rAmaparA rUghanAthaparA mahIdharaparA hariparA IndaraparA ane sagarAmaparA e cha parAM judA judA anAvila AgevAnoe vasAvelAM hatAM. suratanA mutsadI salAbatakhAne 1987mAM silAbataparA vasAveluM. haidaraparA haidarakulIkhAne 1717 mAM ane nAnaparA pArasI zrImaMta nAnAbhAI narasaMgajI paTele 1720 mAM vasAveluM. begamaparAnA jUnA -vasavATane pAchaLathI auraMgajhebanI bahenanI smRtimAM begamaparA nAma apAyeluM, saiyadaparA nAma suratanA prasiddha saMta zekha saiyada IksanA koI pUrvajanA nAma parathI paDeluM jaNAya che. rustamaparA saMbhavata: pArasI rustama mANeka zeThanA -nAma parathI paDeluM. pAchaLathI enA ja eka mahallAne emanA putra pharAmanA nAma parathI pharAmaparA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avyo.29 samaya jatAM navAM parAM vasatAM gayAM. I.sa. 1725 mAM aThavA daravAjA pAse kAcha mIra tulAkhAne makadumapurA vasAvyuM. aThavA: mullAM muhammada alI khAne 1729 mAM suratanI navAbI hAMsala karavA mATe suratathI 3 mAIla dUra aThavA gAme eka kille baMdhAvavA mAMDayo tyAre suratanA mutsadI soharAbakhAne (1725-33) ene aTakAvyuM. pAchaLathI mughala bAdazAhanI paravAnagI maLatAM e kille taiyAra thayA, paNa e vakhatanA mutsaddI tegabakhtakhAne (1733-1746) navAba banavAnI koziza karatA mullAM muhammada alIkhAnane mArI nAkhI, aThavAno killo paNa khodAvI nAkhyo. 30

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya smAraka jUnAgaDha : "tArIkhe seraThamAM jaNAvyA pramANe jUnAgaDha zaherane pharate kilo I.sa. 1633 mAM mughala sUbedAra isAkhAne baMdhAvelo ane emAM 114 buraja ane nava daravAjA hatA. emAM pAMca baMdha rahetA ne cAra khullA rahetA; e pachI .sa. 1961 mAM mIrajhA isAtarakhAne e kille navesarathI karAvyo, paraMtu zaMbhuprasAda dezAI jaNAve che tema I.sa. 1633 mAM sUbedAra IsAkarakhAna hato. paNa I.sa. 161 mAM to e pada para kubuddIna pezagI hato. eTale nAmamAM (tArIkhe soraThanA kartAnI) kaMI bhUla jaNAya che. ema lAge che ke jUnAgaDhane jane koTa hato. mughala kAlamAM e killAnuM samArakAma thatuM rahetuM haze ane vistAra paNa vadhato rahyo haze. uttarakAlamAM A killAmAM ghaNA pheraphAra thayA che.32 khaMbhAta : khaMbhAta zaherane pharato keTa akabaranA samayamAM khaMbhAtanA mutsaddI kalyANarAye iTa ane cUnAthI baMdhAvyo hovAnuM 'tujhuke jahAMgIrImAM noMdhAyuM che,33 paraMtu jUno kATa kADhI nAkhIne navesarathI koTa baMdhAyA hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI, AthI tujhukane ulekha saMbhavataH moTA pAyA paranuM samArakAma sUcave che. khaMbhAtamAM akabara paDelavahelo Avyo tyAre e dariyo jevA gayo. bAdazAhanI A mulAkAtanA smaraNamAM akabara paruM vasyuM. tyAM akabare mUkelA hAkema hasanakhAne ene smRtimAM traNa daravAjA baMdhAvyA hovAnuM manAya che. 34 A traNa daravAjA amadAvAdanA traNa daravAjAnI nakalarUpa karavAmAM AvyA hatA. pAchaLathI enA madhyanA UMcA daravAjA para I.sa. 1891 mAM 50 phUTa UMcuM TAvara karIne emAM ghaDiyALa mUkavAmAM AveluM. A daravAjA (A. 20) samudra tarapha jatAM bajAramAM Ave che, jo ke A traNa daravAjA parano I.sa. 1584 no lekha sUcave che ke traNa daravAjAnuM A vakhate samArakAma thayuM hatuM. vastutaH khaMbhAtanAM mANekacoka ane traNa daravAjA akabaranA samayathI prAcIna hovAnuM jaNAya che.35 khaMbhAtamAM bAdazAha jahAMgIranA nAma parathI jahAMgIraparuM vasyuM. kaDI : gujarAtanA sUbedAra murtajhAkhAne I.sa. 1609-10mAM kaDImAM lazkarI dRSTie kille baMdhAvyo hovAnuM enA paranA lekhathI spaSTa thAya che.34 khAnagI ane jAhera makAne mughala kAlamAM subedAra phojadAre ane anya umarAvoe khAnagI ane jAhera upayoga mATe mahela sarAI hamAmakhAnA maMDapa vagere karAvyAM hovAnA tatkAlIna abhilekhomAMthI saMkhyAbaMdha ullekha maLe che, paraMtu e paikI bahu

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416] mughala kAle [ .. jUja makAno kALabaLa sAme TakIne atyAre UbhAM che. emAMnAM keTalAkanA vakhatovakhata thayelA samArakAmane laIne enuM mULa svarUpa paNa badalAI gayuM che. ahIM keTalAMka nAmAMkita bAMdhakAmone ullekha prastuta che. zAhajahAMnA sUbedArI (I.sa. 1618-ra3) daramyAna enA vatI vahIvaTa. karatA nAyaba rustamakhAna ane vikramAjitanA samayamAM e zAhajAdAnA hukamathI amadAvAdanA makasudapuramAM sAbaramatane kAMThe bAga ane mahela mATe jamIna kharIdavAmAM AvI. emAM karela bAga zAhIbAgane nAme ane mahela zAhIbAga-mahela tarIke prasiddha pAmyo (A. 21-22). zAhIbAga vizenI vigato A prakaraNamAM upara apAI che. mahela mATe nadInA paTathI bagIcAnA stara sudhI majabUta pusto bAMdhela che. mahela mATe pAyo ghaNe UMce laI enA para dhAbuM kareluM che, jene nIcethI aneka staMbha Teke Ape che. nIce banelA tahakhAnAnuM badhuM bAMdhakAma kamAnAkAramAM karavAmAM AvyuM che. emAM aneka nAnA nAnA oraDA karelA che. e oraDAo utArAo mATe ane nokaracAkarone rahevA mATenA che. A tahakhAnAne pharatI kRtrima nahera karelI che, jemAM vacce vacce phuvArAonI racanA karelI che. nahera ane satata UDatA phuvArAothI garama RtumAM havAmAna ThaMDuM rAkhI zakAtuM. tahakhAnA uparanuM dhAbuM mahela mATenI pharasa ane ene pharatA oTalAnI garaja sAre che. enA para javA mATe nahera para paththarano nAno pUla kare che. madhyamAM Ubho karelA be majalAvALo mahela bhavya lAge che. nIcenA majalAmAM madhyamAM vizALa beThaka khaMDa che. enI dIvAlo paranuM cUnAnuM plAsTara saMgemaramara jevuM sapheda suvALuM ane e padAra che. enI chata para nAnA nAnA khaDa pADIne emAM evI sarasa rIte citrakArI karI che ke jANe e chata para amUlya IrAna gAlIce pAtharyo hoya evo bhAsa thAya che. A madhya khaMDane cAra khUNe cAra aSTakaeNNa eAraDA ane evI rIte uparanA majale paNa cAra aSTakaeNNa oraDA maLIne raheNAMka mATe kula ATha oraDAonI vyavasthA karelI che. A badhA oraDAonI dIvAla paranuM lAsTara paNa sapheda suMvALuM ane camakadAra che. enI chato para saphAIpUrvaka nakazIkAma kareluM che nIcalA dareka khaMDamAMthI eka eka jharUkho bahAra kADhe che. upalA majale javA mATe paththaranI sIDIo karelI che. sIDI cAra cAra kamAnothI TevAyelA chAvaNavALI che. chAvaNano ghATa uparathI chatrI jevo lAge che. upalA cAra eAraDAonI vaccenA khaMDanI pharasa upasAvIne pIThikA karelI che. samagra mahelanI dIvAla paNa sArA cUnAthI chAyelI hovAthI Arasa jevI lAge che. mahelamAMthI cheka nadInA pamAM UtarAya evI rIte

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13 muM ] sthApatyakIya mArake [417 pagathiyAM karelAM che. mahelanuM uttarakAlamAM vAraMvAra samArakAma thavAthI enA asala svarUpamAM keTalAka pheraphAra thaI gayo che. emAM I.sa. 1835 mAM viliyamsa dhAbA para karelI be oraDI noMdhapAtra che. 37 mughala kAlanA ghaNuM mahela nAza pAmI gayA che, jyAre A mahela hajI enA atItanA gauravane jALavI rahyo che ane gujarAtanA rAjyapAlanuM nivAsasthAna banI rahyo che. zAhIbAganI jema amadAvAdanI Ajhama sarAI paNa nAmAMkita smAraka che. bhadranA killAmAM bhadrakALInA maMdiranI bAjumAM hAla jemAM sarakArI pustakavecANa keMdra che te bhavya bAMdhakAmane agAunA vidvAnoe AjhamakhAnanA mahela tarIke oLakhAvela che, paraMtu enA pravezadvAra paranA hi. sa. 1047(I.sa. 1937)nA lekhamAM e sarAI hovAno ullekha thayelo che e parathI ane enA vize pravAsIoe karelA ulekha parathI che. kemisariyete e makAna sarAI (musApharakhAnuM) hovAnuM TharAvyuM che.38 gujarAtanA bAMdhakAmapriya sUbedAra AjhamakhAne I.sa. 1637 mAM A sarAI (A. 23) akabaranA samayamAM bhadranA daravAjAnA anusaMdhAnamAM medAne zAha tarapha baMdhAyela navA daravAjAnA dakSiNa bAjumAM paDatA khUNAmAM karAvI. A vizALa ImArata 240 phUTa (732 mITara) lAMbI ane 210 phUTa (64 mITara) pahoLI che. uttaranI pAMkha bhadranA navA daravAjA sAthe joDAI gaI che. A laMbAvAyelI pAMkhanA eka oraDAmAM marAThA kAlamAM bhadrakALI mAtAnuM maMdira karavAmAM AveluM che. sarAIno hAlano praveza daravAje mughala kAlamAM sarvatra priya thayelI IrAnI zailIne che. enuM pravezadvAra 18 phUTa (5.5 mITara) UMcuM che. enI AMtarika racanAmAM ghaNA pheraphAra thayA hovAthI enA mULa svarUpa vize cesa khyAla bAMdhI zakAtuM nathI. hAlamAM aMdara dAkhala thatAM moTo aSTakoNa khaMDa Ave che; enI cAra bAja ane cAra khUNe cAra-cAra nAnA aSTakoNa oraDA karelA che. moTA khaMDanA khUNAonI bAjuo laMbAvIne e oraDAomAM javAnA rastA kADhayA che. A mukhya khaMDa. para bhALa kare che. e mukhya khaMDamAMthI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM cekamAM javAya che. emAM pharatI ghaNI oraDIo karelI che. enA para paNa mALa karelA che. aSTakoNa khaMDa ane ene pharatA ATha khaMDa-eTalA bhAga nIce bheMyaruM kareluM che. emAM havAujAsa mATe cAra jagyAe vyavasthA karelI che. pAchaLanA cekanI vacce karela hejanI madhyamAM phuvArAnI canA karelI hatI. bhoMyarAmAM paNa aSTakeNuM khaMDane pharatA oraDA karelA che. emAMthI upara javAnA rastA baMdha karelA che. pAchaLanA iti-27

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418] mughala kAla [. samayamAM A sarAIne upayoga kedakhAnA tarIke thato hato. tyAra pachI emAM pisTa ophisanuM mukhya kAryAlaya hatuM. hAla DiriTrakaTa korTamAM javAno rasto paNa A sarAInI dakSiNa tarapha laMbAvelI pAMkhano che. korTe paNa A sarAIne keTalAka khaMDemAM bese che.39 Aje emAM aneka sarakArI kacerI ane kAryAlaya AvelAM che. lAMbo pahoLo patharATa ane bhavya pravezadvArane laIne e jamAnAmAM khyAti pAmelI A ImArata Aje paNa bhavistAramAM enI bhavyatAthI ane khI bhAta pADe che. suratamAM i.sa. 1648 mAM kiledAra hakIkatakhAne baMdhAvelI sarAI "mughalasarAI' tarIke prasiddha che. A sarAIno bAhya dekhAva uparyukta AjhamasarAIne bilakula maLato Ave che. A prasiddha ImAratane laIne enI AsapAsano latto "mugalIsarA" nAme oLakhAya che. vacce phuvArAyukta heja dharAvatA cokane oraDAothI gherI laIne racAyelI A ImAratamAM musApharonI sagavaDono pUrato khyAla karele jaNAya che. enuM pravezadvAra UMcuM ane bhavya che. enA paranA hi.sa. 1054(I.sa. 1644) nA lekhamAM ene "mubAraka musApharakhAnuM" ane "kAravAnasarA kahevAmAM AvI che. lekha pramANe emAM UtaranArA vidvAno, pAka puruSo, garIba ane hAjIo pAsethI bhADApeTe kaMI levAmAM AvatuM nahi. e sivAyanA musApharo pAsethI maLatA bhADAmAMthI sarAIne nibhAva ane samArakAmane kharca karavAnI goThavaNa hatI. A sarAIne upayoga 1857 sudhI musApharakhAnA tarIke cAlu rahyo, paNa 1857nA svAtaMtrya saMgrAma daramyAna ane e pachI thoDA samaya mATeene upayoga kedakhAnA tarIke thaze. joke sthAnika musalamAnoe mULabhUta hetu karatAM judA ja hetu mATe A sarAIne upayoga thato hovAthI ugra virodha karele, ema chatAM e 1869 sudhI kAcI jela tarIke vaparAtI rahI. chevaTe lekahita, mATe karAyelI e sarAImAM thoDA pheraphAra karI zaheranI sukhAkArInI saMbhALa letI zahera sudharAI besavA lAgI. Aje paNa A imAratamAM surata myunisipala korporezananuM vahIvaTI kAryAlaya AveluM che. vaLI suratanI sivila hospiTalanuM makAna paNa mUlataH mughalakAlIna sarAI che. I.sa. 1637 mAM khAnakhAnAe e karAvelI hatI.' I.sa. 1676 mAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra muhammada amInakhAne rU.76,300 nuM kharca karI bAdazAhanA janmasthAna dAvedamAM eka bhavya sarAI karAvI. Arasa ImArata dareka bAjue450 phUTa(1372 mITara)nI laMbAIvALo lagabhaga 16.5 phUTa (5 mITara) UMce kATa dharAve che. enA cAra khUNe cAra buraja ane uttara tathA dakSiNanI dIvAlanI madhyamAM

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13 mu' sthApatyakIya smArakA [vik eka-eka ema e bhavya daravAjA karelA che. kATanI a`daranA bhAgamAM sakhyAbaMdha eraDA karelA che. A eraDAomAM kamAnAkAra staMbha-racanA najare paDe che. imAratanI aMdara pazcima bAjue madhyamAM masjida karavAmAM AvI hatI. 18 mI sadImAM marAThA sammedAranuM e nivAsa banI tyAre emAM marAThAoe keTalAka pheraphAra karyAM. emaNe pazcima dIvAla ane pUrva dIvAlanI madhyamAM eka eka ane naiRtya khUNAmAM eka ema badhA maLI traNa geALa minArA umeryAM. A minArA 24 phUTa (73 mITara) UMcA che. 18 mI sadImAM siMdhiyAnA sUbedAra bApusAheba pATakare kATanA agni khUNAmAM peAtAnA putra mATe 'bhAraddArI' nAmanuM (bAra daravAjAvALuM") makAna aMdhAvyuM. aura MgajhebanA samayanI A sarAInA marAThAoe peAtAnI 'gaDhI'(killA) tarIke upayAga karyo, tyAra bAda enA keTalAka bhAgene amadAvAda ane suratanI nAmAMkita sarAIonI jema gheADA vakhata jela tarIke paNa upayAga thayA. hAlamAM e sarakArI kacerIo mATe vaparAya che.jaraa vaDAdarAmAM mAMDavI daravAjA tarIke oLakhAtA UMcA moMDapa sudhalakAlIna che. A maMDapane I sa. 1736 mAM dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADanA hukamathI sthAnika sUbedAra malhArarAve samarAvelA hAvAnuM enA paranA saMskRta lekha parathI jaNAya che. A cArasa maMDapanI cAre bAjue traNa traNa khUba UMcI kamAne karelI che. enA upara agAsI karelI che. eka khUNA upara javA mATe gALa sIDI karelI che, je sIDI para mughala makAneAmAM jovA maLatu. chatrI-dhATanuM chAvaNa kareluM' che. uparanA bhAgamAM beThakA ane phuvArAnI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI hatI. pAchaLanA samayamAM saMbhavataH 19 mI sadImAM enA uparanA bhAgamAM khIjA khe majalA ane enA upara TAvara geAThavavAmAM Avyu hatuM. A pAchaLathI umerAyelu' bAMdhakAma spaSTata: nIcenA maMDapathI bhinna paDI Ave che.43 gujarAtanA sUbedAra gAjhIuddIna bahAdura phIrojhakhAnanA samaya (I.sa. 1708-10) mAM khaMbhAtamAM phAjadAra saiyada hasanaullAkhAne zaheramAM eka mahela adhAvyA hatA.44 videzI kATIe aMgrejoe suratamAM 1612 mAM potAnI kAThI sthApI. emanAM raheNAka makAna zaherapanAha kATanI barAnapurI bhAgaLavALA lattAmAM AvelAM hatAM, jyAre kAThInuM makAna mullAM khaDakImAM Avelu hatuM. mudhala kAlamAM A makAna vizALa ane bhavya haze ema pravAsIonAM varNana parathI ane atyAre jovA maLatA enA eka bhAga parathI lAge che.45

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jara0] mughala kela pri khaMbhAtamAM aMgrejonI kAnuM makAna jaLavAyuM che. A makAna 1613 mAM baMdhAyuM che. e prAcIna kumArikAdevInA maMdiranA sthAna para baMdhAyeluM hovAnuM manAya che. kaThInuM makAna aMdarathI killA jevuM che. enA oraDA ThaMDakavALA sArA moTA ane suvidhAvALA che. briTizakALamAM emAM yuropIya musApharo UtatA. hAlamAM ene upayoga sarakArI kacerI tarIke thAya che.' 1614 mAM surata AvelA valaMdAoe paNa aMgrejo jevI bhavya keThI sthApI hatI. A kAThI "valaMdA baMdara' nAme oLakhAtI. e tApI nadInA kinAre zaherapanAha ane Alama panAha vacce AvelI hatI. Aje e jagyA nAnapura vistAramAM AvelI che. 47 vala dAoe bharUcamAM I.sa. 1700 mAM bAMdhelI kAThInuM bhavya makAna kaMsArAvADa pAse jovA maLe che. pharato koTa dharAvatI A imAratane raveza sarasa kASThazipa dharAve che. cokamAM eka sUryaghaDiyALa hatuM, jeno upayoga I sa. 1700 thI 1772 nA valaMdA vasavATa daramyAna thatuM. A keThInI sthApanA ane enA mukhya sthApaka thienamena jAjha grenanuM nAma sUryaghaDiyALa para katarela che. Aje e makAna khAnagI upayogamAM che ane enA mAlike ene moTo bhAga yuniyana hAIskUlane vAparavA bhADe Ape che. 47 kabara-smAraka suratamAM keTalAka nAmAMkita aMgreja adhikArIonI kabaro katAragAma javAnA raste jamaNI bAju emanA kabarastAna pAse AvelI che. A kabaro viziSTa prakAranA guMbaja ane minArA dharAve che. emAM krisTophara kUrnAdana (mR. I.sa. 1659)nI eka bhavya minArAvALI kabara ane enA bhAI jyorja ephasnAna (mRI.sa. 1668)nI be majalAvALo minAro dharAvatI kabara neMdhapatra che. 8 suratamAM valaMdAonI kabaro paikI berana vena rIdanI kabara upalI aMgreja kabaro karatAM caDiyAtI jaNAya che. emAM upara paDALI ane nIce raveza kADhela che. enA thAMbhalAo para phUlavelanAM manohara rUpAMkana karelAM che. makAnane sajAvavAmAM badhe chUTe hAthe nakazIkAma kareluM jovA maLe che. 49 amadAvAdamAM paNa 17 mI sadInI valaMdA kabaro kAMkariyA taLAvanA "vana- drI hilagArDana pAse jovA maLe che, alabatta, A kabaro sAdI chatAM bhavya che (A. 24). e paikI be para ghuMmaTa karelA che, jyAre traNa para zaMku AkAranA

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya samAro kaNadAra minArA karelA che. ahIM bIjI keTalIka sAdI kabara paNa jovA maLe che. A paikInI eka kabara para Armeniyana sana 1177 (I.sa. 1628-29)ne lekha hato.pa0 Aga-bagIcA suratamAM aMgrejoe 1626 thI barAnapurI bhAgaLa pAse bAgabagIcA karAvavA mAMDelA. emAM saphAIbaMdha rastA karelA hatA ane rastAnI baMne bAjue vRkSa pelAM hatAM. emAM mi. prAIsano bAga prasiddha hato. valaMdAoe paNa pita no eka bAga karAvyo hato. auraMgajhebanI bahene begamaparAmAM karAvelI begamavADI prasiddha hatI. 15 ekaramAM phelAyele A bAga suratane sauthI moTo bAga hato. phUlaphaLathI lacelAM vRkSovALo e bAga 1770 mAM bismAra thaI gayo hato.52 suratamAM salAbatapurAmAM Avelo muhammadI bAga I.sa 1736 mAM tegabega khAne baMdhAvyo hato. A bagIcAne pharatAM makAna bAMdhelAM hatAM, jemAM na banI begame rahetI hatI. emAM keTalAka haja hatA, je paikInA 150 phUTa 875 kuTanA (45-74228 mITara) moTA hAjamAMthI UMcA phuvArA UDatA hatA e hojanI nIce saMkaTa samaye khapa lAge e mATe tegabegakhAne moTo khajAne bhaMDArI rAkhyuM hatuM ema kahevAya che. bAgamAM dezaparadezamAMthI maMgAvelAM lIlA ane sUkA mevAnAM jhADa-choDa ropAvyAM hatAM. phUlothI lacelo A bagIce 'umadA tuka gAlIcA" jevo lAgato. A zobhAyamAna bAga I.sa. 1774mAM mAvajatanA abhAve bismAra banI gayo. tegabegakhAne muhammadI bAga uparAMta variyAvI daravAjA bahAra IlAhI bAga karAvyo hato. gujarAtanA sUbedAra zujAtakhAnanA amala daramyAna kamAlakhAne I.sa 1693-94mAM pAlanapuramAM zaheranI pUrvamAM dilakhuza bAga karAvela. A bAga Aje paNa jIvaMta che. ene pharato koTa kare che. emAM mughala zailInA saMkhyAbaMdha phuvArA karelA che. e jamAnAmAM vAvelAM 275 varSa jUnAM borasallInAM ghaTAdAra vRkSo hajI paNa UbhAM che. pAlanapuranA navA mATe A bAga peDhIo sudhI mukhya vihAradhAma raheze. bAganA pravezadvAra para e karAvyA aMgene phArasI lekha dharAvatI takatI jaDelI che. khaMbhAta zahera bahAra nArezvara taLAva pAse Avela prasiddha lAlabAga mIrajhA bAkare I.sa. 1747 mAM karAvela.54 bAgamAM pUrva-pazcima dizAmAM sAma-sAme eka eka mulAI zailInAM UMcA staMbha ane UMcA pravezadvAravALAM moTAM makAna karelAM hatAM. baMne makAnonI saMmukha mughalAI DhabanA heja karelA hatA.

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kara2] mughala kAla emAM pANI lAvavAnI ane bahAra kADhavAnI sujanA hatI. pANInI chUTa ane khuzanumA havAmAna ane suMdara vRkSothI A jagyA ramaNIya hatI. Aja sudhI A bAga sarasa rIte jaLavAyo che.55 jUnAgaDhamAM tyAMnA phojadAra saradArakhAne I.sa. 1684 mAM saradAra bAga karAvela.5 vAva khaMbhAta najIka kaMsArI gAme zAhajahAMnA samayamAM vi.saM. 1685(Isa. 1628-29)mAM gaNikA jJAtinI cAMdabIbI sutarAje eka vAva baMdhAvelI hovAnuM enA lekha parathI jaNAya che. A vAva sAmAnya prakAranI sAdI bAMdhaNI dharAve che.pa7 A uparAMta visaM. 1634(I.sa. 1577)mAM gheghA(ji. bhAvanagara)mAM baMdhAyelI khArI vAva, mAMgaroLa (ji. jUnAgaDha ) pAse mAnakhetara gAmanI vi.saM. 1639(Isa. 1583)nI vAva, vi.saM. 171 (I.sa. 1659)mAM dhoLa pAse khAravA(ji. jAmanagara) gAme baMdhAyelI vAva, vi.saM. 1750 (I.sa. 1684)mAM gopanAthamAM baMdhAyelI vAva ane vi.saM. 1779(I.sa. 1723)nI amadAvAdanI amRtavarSiNI vAva ullekhanIya che.pa8 sthApatyanI dRSTie amRtavarSiNI vAva (A. 25) vizeSa nedhapAtra che. pAMcakUvA daravAjA pAse koTanI dIvAlane aDIne A vAva AvelI che. I.sa. 1723 mAM pUrepUrI baMdhAI rahelI A vAva eka ja praveza ane traNa phUTa hovAne laIne sthApatyanI paribhASA pramANe "naMdA" prakAranI gaNAya, ema chatAM enA kATakhUNAkArane laIne e zreNInI vAvomAM viziSTa bhAta pADe che. pazcima dizAmAMthI vAvamAM praveza karatAM be phUTa (khaMDamaMDa5) vaTAvyA pachI eka corasa paDathAra Ave che. ahIMthI vAva kATakhUNe vaLAMka le che ane tyAra pachI pagathiyAM ane trIjo phUTa vaTAvyA bAda vAvane prAMta yA ka Ave che. A vAva sAdI che. vAvamAM enI racanA aMge saMskRta ane phArasI ema baMne bhASAomAM lekha chepa9 2, devAla hiMdu tathA jaina dharmanA anuyAyIomAM A kAla daramyAna devAlayanA jIrNoddhAranI tathA navAM devAlayanA nirmANanI pravRtti cAlu rahI, satanata kAlanI sarakhAmaNue kaMIka vizeSa pramANamAM.

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13 mu^] sthApatyakIya smArakA pha emAMnAM keTalAMka devAlayeAmAM zilAlekha che, jenA AdhAre tenA nirmANu ne punaHnirmANanA cAkkasa samaya jANavA maLe che; jemake mAMDavI(ji. kaccha)nuM suMdaravaranuM maMdira (I.sa. 1574), geDInuM acalezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1579), gaMdhAra (ji. bharUca)nuM mahAvIra svAmInuM nAmazeSa ma`dira (I.sa. 1587), jemAM I.sa. 1908 mAM hAlanA mUlanAyaka pArzvanAthanI pratimA sthapAI, khaMbhAtamAM varjiyA-rAjayAe baMdhAvelu ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM ma Mdira (I.sa. 1588) ane tejapAla sAnIe samarAveluM vijayaciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1590), kAvI( ji. bharUca )nA RSabhadeva-prAsAda ( I.sa. 1592 ), tejapAla seAnIe I.sa. 1594 mAM zatru Mjaya parvata para samarAveluM. AdIzvara maMdira, jAmanagaramAM I.sa. 1577 mAM baMdhAyelu ane I.sa. 1595 mAM punanirmANa pAmeluM AdinAtha maMdira, jAmanagaranuM sa MbhavanAtha maMdira (I.sa. 1564-1591), pATaNa( ji. mahesANA)nuM vADI pArzvanAtha maMdira (I.sa. 1596), amadAvAdanI zAmaLAjInI peALatu pArzvanAtha maMdira (I.sa. 1597), kAvInA dhanAtha-prAsAda (I.sa. 1598), hAmapara(tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nuM bhIDabhaMjana mahAdevanuM maMdira ( I.sa. 1599), meATI khAkhara (ji. kaccha)ne zatru MjayAvatAra-prAsAda (I.sa. 1599), khaMbhAtanA mANekacokamAM Avelu AdIzvara maMdira (I.sa. 1605), varaNAmA (tA. vaDeAdarA)nuM varuNezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1605), bharUcanuM vallabha bhaTTavALuM devI-ma`dira ( I.sa. 1606 ), za khezvara( ji. banAsakAMThA)nuM lupta pArzvanAtha-maMdira ( lagabhaga I.sa. 1606-07 ), kAM( tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nuM kAMDhezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1607), rAyaNa( ji. kaccha )nuM dhAramanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1608), gALA(tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nuM pArzvanAtha maMdira (Isa 1612), dAdara(ji. jAmanagara)nuM zivamaMdira (I.sa. 1613), dheAdhA( ji. bhAvanagara )nuM kAlikA maMdira (I.sa. 1916), kuMbhAriyA(ji, banAsakAMThA)nuM neminAtha-madira ( I.sa. 1619), zatruMjaya para sa MdhavI rUpajIe i.sa. 1619 mAM baMdhAvelA caturmukhaprAsAda, jAmanagaramAM matrI vardhamAna ane padmasiMhe I.sa. 1920 mAM baMdhAvela zAMtinAtha maMdira, umareTha( ji. kheDA)nuM amarezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1624), kAlAvaDa(ji. jAmanagara)nuM zivamaMdira (I.sa. 1625), zatru jaya para I.sa. 1626 mAM caMdraprabha madiranA thayelA jIrNoddhAra, seAjitrA(tA. peTalAda)nuM khAjAI mAtAnuM maMdira (I.sa. 1627), mULA(ji. sure'dranagara)nuM mAMDavarAyajInu maMdira (I.sa. 1929), huvA( ji. sureMdranagara )nuM lakSmInArAyaNanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1632), vIMjhANu( ji. kaccha)nu rakhezvara mahAdevanu` ma`dira (I.sa. 1632-41),

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4ra4] muvala kAla zatru jaya paranuM supArzvanAthanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1640), rAjasItApura(tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nAM ziva viSNu ane hanumAnanAM maMdira (I.sa 1644), berajA(ji. jAmanagaranuM)nuM zivamaMdira (I.sa. 1700), dahera(ji. bhAvanagara)nuM mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1702), zaMkhezvaranuM navuM pArzvanAtha maMdira (lagabhaga I.sa. 1704), bhAvanagaranuM nIlakaMTha mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1712), nArAyaNa sarovara(ji. kaccha)nAM trIkamarAya tathA lakSmInArAyaNa maMdira (I.sa. 1734), bhAdroDa(ji. bhAvanagara)nuM bhadrezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1736), nArAyaNa sarovaranAM I.sa. 1741 mAM baMdhAyelAM bIjAM cAra maMdira ane lAThI(ji. amarelI)nuM bhIDabhaMjana mahAdevanuM maMdira (I.sa. 1752).* mirAte ahamadI' je mughalakAlanA aMta pachI thoDA ja varSamAM lakhAyelA che tenI puravaNImAM gujarAtanAM jANItAM devAlaya gaNAvyAM che, jemake prabhAsanuM somanAtha maMdira (khaMDera), jagata(dvArakA)nuM khaMDera maMdira tathA zaMkhoddhAra beTanAM maMdira, mAdhavapuranuM mULa mahAdevanuM maMdira, giranAra paranAM aMbAjI ane kALakAnAM maMdira, giranAranI taLeTInuM vAghezvarI maMdira, mahuvA paragaNAnuM gopanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira, UnAnuM dAmodara maMdira, ajaharamAtara paragaNAnA sIMhoja gAmanuM sarakezvara maMdira, saMkhalapuranuM becarAjI maMdira, keDInAra pAse AveluM mULa dvArakAnuM kRSNamaMdira, porabaMdaranuM sudAmA maMdira, dhoLakA paragaNAnuM caMdezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, vAtraka nadI para punAdarA pAse AveluM ukezvara maMdira, DAkoranuM raNachoDajInuM maMdira, rAjapIpaLA DuMgaranI Toca para AveluM lakhANa maMdira, pAvAgaDha para AveluM kALakA bhavAnInuM maMdira, dAMtA pAse AveluM aMbAjInuM maMdira ane siddhapurane rudramALa (khaMDera). A maMdira mughala kAlamAM mejUda hatAM. e pachI ghaNAM A kAla pahelAM baMdhAyelA che, jemAMnA keTalAMkanuM nirU paNa agAunA graMthamAM AvI gayuM che. kaIka maMdira A kAlamAM khaMDera dazAmAM hatAM. mirAte ahamadI'mAM amadAvAvAdamAM zaheranI aMdara ane bahAra AvelAM A kAla sudhInAM mahatvanAM maMdira A pramANe jaNavyAM che: mAMDavInI paLanuM raNachoDajInuM maMdira (khaMDera), sAraMgapuranuM raNachoDajInuM maMdira,hAjA paTelanI piALanuM raghunAthajInuM maMdira, mAMDavInI paLamAMnI devanI zerInuM rAmanAthanuM maMdira, sAMkaDI zerInuM bhairavanuM maMdira, caMgaLa ane AkAzeThanA kUvAnI poLanAM aMbA ane becarAjInAM maMdira, sAMkaDI zerInuM AzApUrInuM maMdira, rAjapuramAM narasiMhajInuM maMdira, rAyapura daravAjA bahAra jAgezvara (jAganAtha) mahAdevanuM maMdira, vastrAla

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13 su*] sthApatyakIya smArakA [5 gAmanu nIlakaMThezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira, asAravAnu nIlakaMTha maMdira, sAbaramatI paranA navaraMgapurAnu` hIMgaLAja bhavAnInuM madira, khaDgadhArezvara maMdira, alImapuranu sIrezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira ane maMjhurIparAnuM thAnezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira 1 2 ma . padmapurANu-aMta ta sAbhramatI mAhAtmyamAM sAbhramatI tIre AvelAM aneka tItha' gaNAvyAM che ne e paikI khadhArezvara, dugdhazvara, kATarA, caMdrabhAgA-- saMgama paranuM caMdrezvara, pippalAda, nikhA` vagere tIrthe amadAvAda pAse ja AvelAM che. 3 skaMdapurANamAM paNa gujarAtanAM AvAM aneka tItha gaNAvyAM che. 4 A purANa-khaMDa lagabhaga A kAla daramyAna lakhAyA lAge che, paraMtu emAM jaNAvelAM keTalAMka devAlaya adyaparyaMta vidyamAna rahyAM che, jyAre khIjA aneka devAlaya hAla e nAme vidyamAna rahyAM nathI. 'mirAte ahamadI'mAM anyatra zrAvakAnAM ma Mdira paNa gaNAvyAM che, jemAM zatru Mjaya giranAra pArakara muMjapura tAra MgA Akhu kuMbhAriyA kAvI naroDA navAnagara ane amadAvAdanAM derAsarAnA samAyeza thAya che. 4a A uparAMta keTalAMka evAM devAlaya che ke jene ullekha abhilekhAmAM ke tavArIkhamAM thayA nathI, paraMtu jenu nirmANa enA sthApatya-svarUpa parathI A kAlamAM thayu' lAge che. abhilekhA sAhitya ane purAvastu--e traNeya prakAranAM sAdhane dvArA -gujarAtanAM A kAlanAM je devAlaya jANavA maLe che te paikI keTalAMka devAlayAnA sthApatyakIya svarUpanuM nirUpaNa prakAzita thayelu che. mAMDavInu' suMdaravaranuM maMdira----A maMdira kacchanA rAva kheMgArajIe vi.sa. 1631 (I.sa. 1574) mAM baMdhAvelu. maMdira pazcimAbhimukha che. garbhagRha aMdaranA bhAgamAM 3 x 3.3 mITaranu che. enI aMdara kamalAsana para lAkaDAnA parikaramAM su MdaravarajInI UbhI zyAma pASANu-pratimA najare paDe che. sabhAmaMDapamAM dAkhala thavA mATe traNe bAju mukhama`Dapa kADhelA che. maMDapanuM vitAnaka Tha sta MbhA para TekaveluM che, staMbha aMzata: aSTakaeNANu ane aMzata: vRttAkAra che. emAM 'jhu'mara' ghATanI padmazilA che, jemAM nIce jatAM sAMkaDA thatA jatA samakeMdra vRtta stAnI madhyamAMthI nIce padmAkAra laTakaNu laTake che. vitAnaka(ta)nA aMdaranA dhUmaTane vyAsa pAMca mITarane che. sabhAmaMDapanI bahAranI bAjue pIThanA TekAvALI vedikA (eTalIe) che. prAsAdanA bhaDAvaramAM vAstuzAstramAM jaNAvelA vividha kalAtmaka stara kADhelA che temAM pratimAe ityAdinA e paTTa

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426] mughala kAla [.. najare paDe che. vaLI geAkhalAomAM brahmA viSNu ziva bhavAnI lakSmI bhairava vagere devadevIonI pratimA dekhA de che. garbhagRha paranuM zikhara lagabhaga 1008 mITara UMcu che.kaMpa geDInu' athalezvara mahAdevanu ma Mdira- --A maMdira cUnAnA sapheda paththaranuM che. uttarezvara mahAdevanA jUnA nAmazeSa maMdiramAMthI maLela caturmukha liMga A navA madiramAM sthApela che. A sthApanA I.sa. 1579 mAM geApAtra ve nAme sAceArA brAhmaNe karelI, zikharavALuM garbhagRha ane ghUmaTavALA maMDapa che. e 22 phUTa (6.7 mITara) lAMbu ane 8 phUTa (24 mITara) paheALu che. zikhara 22 phUTa (6.7 mITara) U'cu' che,kaiMka madira takSadarzInamAM tathA racanAmAM sAdu che. * kha'bhAtanuM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanu madira-ga dhAranA zrImALI kulanA parIkha jiyA ane rAjiyA nAme e bhAI khaMbhAtamAM AvIne vasyA hatA teoe sa. 1644(I.sa. 1588) mAM pArzvanAtha ane vardhamAna svAmInI pratimAnA pratiSThA karAvI, emAMnI pArzvanAtha-pratimA ciMtAmaNi ' nAme oLakhAtI. ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanA maMdirane 12 ratabha, 6 dvAra ane cha devakulikA hatI. dvArapAlanI be mUrti hatI. mUla pratimAnI AsapAsa 25 mUrti hatI. maMdiramAM eka bhavya bhUmigRha (bhAMyaruM) hatu, jene 25 pagathiyAM hatA. e seApAnanI sAme gaNezanI su Mdara mUrti besADI hatI, bhUmigRha samacArasa hatuM te 10 hAtha UMcu hatu. ene pAMca dvAra hatAM. enI aMdara 26 deva-kulikAo hatI. enI vedikA upara AdinAtha, mahAvIra svAmI ane zAMtinAthanI pratimAe| hatI. bhUmigRhamA 10 hAthI ane 8 si Mha kAtarelA hatA. ane e dvArapAla ane cAra cAmaradhArI hatA.67 kAvIne RSabhadeva prAsAda--AcArya hIravijayasUrinI preraNAthI jaina dhama aMgIkAra karelA vaDanagaranA vatanI ane khaMbhAtanA rahevAsI nAgara vaNika bAhuAe kAtrImAMnA lAkaDu ITa ane mATInA caityane vizI joIne saM. 1649(I.sa. 1592) mAM enA sthAne 'sajit' nAmaneA RSabhadeva-prAsAda. karAvyA, sthAnika leAkeA ene 'sAsunuM derAsara' tarIke oLakhe che. derAsara pUrvapazcima 274 mITara lAMbu' ane uttara-dakSiNa 18.6 mITara paheALuM che. sthApatya svarUpamAM e zatruMjaya paranA AdinAtha derAsara jevuM che. emAM mULa gabhAre pradakSiNApatha aMtarAla sabhAmaMDapa ane bhamatI che. garbhagRhanI upara uttuMga zikhara che. gabhArAmAM mULanAyaka AdIzvaranI bhavya pratimA che. enI AsapAsane. parikara suMdara kotarakAmavALA che. bhamatImAM para ( bAvana ) derI che, enA

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13 muM]. thApatyakIya smAraka [ kara7 gokhalA khAlI che. mAtra gabhArA sAmenI eka derImAM AdIzvaranI pratimA che ne bIjImAM AdIzvaranAM pagalAM che. maMdiranI bahAra rAyaNa vRkSanI racanA karI enI nIce AdIzvaranAM pagalAM sthApyAM che. 8 zatruMjayanuM AdIzvara maMdira-zatru jaya pazcima bhAratanuM sahuthI moTuM jainatIrtha che. enAM pAse pAse AvelAM saMkhyAbaMdha maMdiranA samUhane lIdhe e. maMdira nagara jevuM dekhAya che (A. 26). zatruMjaya giri paranA sahuthI moTA ane mukhya maMdiranA pUrvakAranA raMgamaMDapamAM eka staMbha para 87 paMktione eka lAMbo zilAlekha kotarelo che. emAM jaNAvyuM che ke zatruMjaya paranA AdIzvara maMdirano jIrNoddhAra agAu saM. 1587 mAM karmazAhe karAvyo hato, paraMtu atiprAcInatAne lIdhe e thoDA ja samayamAM jarjarita thayuM hatuM, tethI savaMzanA sonI vachiyAnA putra tejapAle bAdazAha akabara pAse bahumAna pAmelA hIravijayasUrinI preraNAthI ene samarAvyuM. A maMdiranuM zikhara ekaMdare uttuMga lAge che. zikhara para 1,245 kuMbha virAje che. maMdira upara 21 siMha zebhI rahyA che. cAra yoginI ane dasa dipAla yathAsthAna sthApelAM che. maMdiranI cAre bAju 72 devakulikA che, dareka derI jinamUrtithI vibhUSita che. maMdira cAra gavAkSo, 32 pUtaLIo ane 32 tAraNothI zobhe che. maMdiramAM 24 hAthI ane 74 staMbha che. "naMdivardhana' nAme A navuM maMdira(A. ra7)saM. 1649mAM taiyAra thayuM che. saM. 16pa0 (I.sa. 1594)mAM tejapAle zatruMjayanI yAtrA karI hIravijayasUrinA haste enI pratiSThA karAvI hatI. kula A maMdiranuM sthApatya-svarUpa zatruMjaya paranAM bIjAM prAcIna maMdiranA sthApatyasvarUpa jevuM ja che. AdinAthanA comukha maMdiramAM ane A maMdiramAM phera eTalo ja che ke A maMdirane maMDapa be mALane che ne mUlanAyakanI mUrti mULagabhArAnI aMdara pachIta pAsenI pIThikA para sthApelI che. A mUrti asAdhAraNa moTA kadanI che. zikhara tarapha jotAM ene lAkaDAnA makAnane maLato dekhAva tarata dhyAna kheMce che. gabhArAmAM ane raMgamaMDapamAM ghaNI mUrti che. gabhArAnA dvArA AgaLa gajArUDha nAbhirAja ane marudevI dekhAya che. vaLI upale majale paNa gabhArAmAM temaja maMDapamAM ghaNuM mUrti che.* bheMyataLiyethI zikhara sudhI para (bAvana) hAthanI UMcAI che. bhamatInI devakulikAothI devAlaya zebhe che. cAra suMdara gavAkSa enI bhavyatAmAM vRddhi kare che. gavAkSanI jema pUtaLIo ane toraNo maMdirane kalAtmaka banAve che.

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428] mughala kAla [pra. . maMdirane TekavI rAkhatA 72 staMbha enI sapramANa racanAnuM bhAna karAve che. maMdiranI bahAra be suMdara derI che. maMdira pAse rathayAtrA mATe Arasa-jaDita eka che.71 pATaNanuM vADI-pArzvanAthanuM maMdira - pATaNa(ji. mahesANa)ne jhaverIvADAmAM AveluM A derAsara vi. saM. 16pa1-para (I.sa. 1594-96) daramyAna osavALa jJAtinA bhImanA vaMzaja kuMarajI tathA emanAM kuTuMbIjanee baMdhAveluM. ene lagato zilAlekha maMdiranA mukhya maMDapanI dIvAlamAM lagAvela che. mULa maMdira hAla mejUda rahyuM nathI, paNa enI jagyAe tAjetaramAM navuM maMdira baMdhAyuM che. A avacIna maMdira parathI enA prAcIna sthApatya-svarUpano khyAla Ave che. maMDapanuM vitAna darzanIya hatuM. eno aMdarano ghUmaTa 1125 phUTa (34 mITara) UMce ho ne eno vyAsa 11 phUTa(33 mITara)ne hatA. enAM samaleMdra vartulomAM suMdara pUtaLIo najare paDatI. gAyikAo ane niti kAonI vacce ekeka puruSanI AkRti hatI. dizA anusAra dipAla potapotAnA vAhana sAthe goThavelA hatA. sahuthI nIcalA vartuLamAM keTaluMka suMdara kotarakAma hatuM. vacce ramaNIya padya jhumaranI jema laTakatu cha mULanAyaka pArzvanAthanI pratimA paDozanA lupta vADIpuramAthI ahIM lAvavAmAM AvI hoya evuM enA nAma parathI lAge che.3 kAvIne dharmanAtha-prAsAda-upara jaNAvelA bahuAnA putra kuMvarajIe saM. 1654( I.sa. 1598)mAM kAvImAM "ratnatilaka" nAmane para (bAvana) jinAlayavALo dharmanAtha-prAsAda karAvyo. derAsara mULa gabhAro, sabhAmaMDapa, bhamatI vagerethI yukta che. e pUrva-pazcima 482 mITara lAMbuM ane uttara-dakSiNa 191 mITara pahoLuM che. Ama e sarvajita prAsAda karatAM moTuM che. mULa gabhArAmAM mULanAyaka dharmanAthanI pratimA che. ene parikara zipakalAyukta ane cAratIthI che. pravezadvAra upara ITa-cUnAnuM manahara kotarakAma che. mULa gabhArAmAM mULanAyaka uparAMta bIjA cAra tIrthaMkaranI pratimAo che. bhamatImAM para bAvana) derIo che, temAM prAcIna pratimAonA sthAne navI pratimAo sthApI che. mULa gabhArA sAme eka moTo gabhAro che ne bhamatImAM paNa traNe bAju vacce ekeka moTo -gabhAro che. A gabhArA baMdha karelA che. sthAnika leke Ane "vahunuM derAsara kahe che. enA kAraNamAM evI anukRti che ke sarvajita prAsAdamAM jatAM kuMvarajInI patnI vIrabAIe potAnAM sAsu hIrAbAIne e derAsaranuM pravezadvAra nIcuM havAnI kera karI, tenA javAbamAM sAsue ene piyerathI dravya maMgAvI UMcA dvAravALuM derAsara karavA kahyuM ne e maheNAthI uttejita thaI vahue A derAsara

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya smArake [4ra9 karAvyuM, paraMtu derAsaranA zilAlekhamAM te e kuMvarajIe baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che.74 zaMkhezvaranuM jUnuM pArzvanAtha maMdira-zaMkhezvara e pArzvanAthanuM prAcIna tIrtha manAya che. selaMkI kAlamAM to tyAM pArzvanAthanuM derAsara hatuM ja.. e kAla daramyAna e prAcIna maMdirano jIrNoddhAra paNa thayelA. e maMdira hAlanA gAmanI bahAra AveluM hatuM. satanata kAlamAM e maMdirane nAza thayo hato ne mUlanAyakanI pratimAne bhUmimAM bhaMDArI devAI hatI. gAmanI uttare AvelA jhaMDakUvA nAme khADAmAMthI e prAcIna pratimA nIkaLI manAya che. hIravijayasUrinA. paTTadhara vijayasenasUrinA upadezathI gaMdhAra-nivAsI mAnAjIe gAmanI madhyamAM bAvana jinAlayathI yukta navuM zikharabaMdhI maMdira baMdhAvyuM. enI pratiSThA vi.saM. 165ra-1698 (I.sa. 1596-1642) daramyAna prAya: vi.saM. 1662-63 (I.sa. 1606-07) mAM thaI lAge che, kemake bhamatInI derIo ane gabhArAnI bArazAkha vagere para 34 lekha maLyA che te paikI vahelAmAM vahele vi.saM. 16para no ane moDAmAM moDe vi.saM. 1698 ne che, jyAre sahuthI vadhu lekha vi.saM. 166ra ane 1663 nA che.pa A maMdira pazcimAbhimukha hatuM. e traNa zikharabaMdhI gabhArA gUDhamaMDapa. sabhAmaMDapa ane bAvana devakulikAonuM baneluM hatuM. bhamatImAM pAMca moTA gabhArA ane 44 derI hatI. e dareka upara paNa zikhara hatuM. lAsTaramAM kaI koI ThekANe suMdara nakazI karI hatI. auraMgajhebanA rAjyakAla daramyAna enA sUbedAranI je muMjapuranA saradAra hamIrasiMhane harAvI pAchA pharatAM zaMkhezvara pArzvanAthanuM A. manahara maMdira toDI nAkhyuM ne emAMnI keTalIka mUrtio khaMDita karI nAkhI hatI, jyAre tyAMnA saMghe mUlanAyakanI mUrtine bheMyarAmAM saMtADI daI bacAvI lIdhI hatI. hAla mukhya maMdiranI jagyAe sApha medAna thaI gayuM che, paraMtu enI aMdara derAsaranA pAyA mejUda che. bhamatInI badhI derIonAM khaMDiyera hajI UbhAM che. bhamatInI derIo ane gabhArAne chata sudhIne bhAga khArA paththarane. banela hatuM. A prAcIna maMdiranA mUlanAyakanI mUrtine saM. 176 (I.sa. 1704)nA arasAmAM baMdhAyelA navA maMdiramAM padharAvI che. rAyaNanuM dhoramanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira-rAyaNa e agAu moTuM pattana. (nagara) ane dhIkatuM baMdara hatuM, jenI dakSiNe pachI mAMDavI(kaccha) varyuM che. sthAnika anuzruti anusAra dhoramanAthe enA samudrataTe tapazcaryA AdarI hatI, paraMtu tyAMnA. lokenI kaThoratAthI kaMTALI teo tyAMthI dhaNadhara cAlyA gayA ne A paNa chaNa.

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mughala kAle (pra. thaI gayuM.7 tyAM kacchanA rAva bhAramalajIe saM. 16 65(I.sa. 1608)mAM dhoramanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira baMdhAveluM. maMdiranA dvAranI zAkhA para ene lagate zilAlekha che. maMdira 45 phUTa (137 mITara) pahoLA ane 25 phUTa (76 mITara) UMcA rasa vADAmAM bAMdheluM che. garbhagRha ane maMDapa para ghUmaTa ghATanAM chAvaNa che. ArasanI takatI para dhoramanAthanAM ane garIbanAthanAM pagalAM che. vaLI AzApUrA gaNeza bhairava ane matsyanI nAnI beDhaMga pratimAo che. emAM maryo e satyendranAthanA pratIka rUpe che.78 kuMbhAriyAnuM neminAtha maMdira-ArAsaNa kuMbhAriyAnAM jaina derAsare - mAM sahuthI moTuM maMdira neminAthanuM che. mULa madira 12 mA saikAmAM baMdhAyuM hatuM, pagu hAlanuM maMdira 17mA saikAnuM che. emAM mUlanAyakanI meTI pratimAnI pratiSThA enA Asana para kotarelA lekha mujaba saM. 1675(I.sa. 1919)mAM vijayadevasUrie karI hatI ne e pratimA okeza (osavAla) jJAtinA buharA (rA) rAjapAle karAvI hatI.79 devAlaya mULa gabhAro, bIjA be gabhArA, gUDhamaMDapa, cokI, sabhAmaMDapa (raMgamaMDa5) ane 24 devakulikAonuM baneluM che. enuM zikhara tathA gUDhama DapanI bahAra no bhAga hAlamAM banAvelAM che. zikhara tAraMgAmAM AvelA derAsaranA zikhara jevuM che. enA tathA ghUmaTanA AmalasAranI nIce cAre bAjue mAM banAvyAM che. gUDhamaMDapanA taMbha Abu-delavADAnI vimalavasatinA staMbha jevA che. bhamatImAMnA tathA cokImAMnA staMbha enA karatAM sAdA che. sabhAmaMDapanI bIjI bAjue uparanA daravAjAmAM tathA cheDAnA be nAnA staMbhonI vaccenI kamAna para makaramukha mUkelAM che ne e rIte suMdara taraNa katarelAM che. pahelAM AvAM bIjAM toraNa hatAM te hAlamAM nAza pAmyAM che. prAsAdanI baMne bAjue badhI maLIne ATha devakulikA che, temAM eka moTI che. gUDhamaMDapanI aMdara ghUmaTanA ghATanuM manohara vitAna che. maMDapanA bIjA bhAganI chata tathA cokInI chata sAdI che. mULa gabhArAnI jamaNI bAjae uparanA bhAgelA pATaDAne TekavavA mATe traNa beDoLa kamAna caNI che ne ene bAjunA staMbha sudhI laMbAvI che tethI ghaNuM kotarakAma DhaMkAI jAya. che. cekInA oTalA upara kesara ghasAya che. enI pAse aMbAjI mAtAnI derI che. enI AgaLa raMgamaMDapa che. emAM ke taraNa suMdara che. enI AsapAsa ra4 derI che. bhamatImAM aneka khaMDita-akhaMDita mUrti che. pUrva taraphanI vacalI moTI derImAM saM. 1675 nA lekhavALa AdinAthanI mUrti che. tyAM jinabhAvapaTTo ane covIsInA paTTa paNa che. derAsaranA pAchalA bhAgamAM gokhanI

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13 muM! sthApatyakIya smAraka [ 431 aMdara caDelo samaLI vihArane paTa vadhu dhyAna kheMce tevo che. e padanI pratiSThA vi.saM. 1338(I.sa. 1282)mAM thaI hatI. maMdiramAM kula 94 staMbha che, te paikI 22 staMbha deva devIo ane vidyAdharIonI suMdara AkRtiothI suzobhita che. raMgamaMDapamAM jharUkhA kADhelA che. pIThikAmAM gajathara ane narathara temaja maMDevaranI ja ghAmAM deva devIo dikpAle yakSo ane yakSiNIonI suMdara AkRtio kaMDArI che. keIka sthaLoe bhegAsananAM zilpa paNa najare paDe che. bahAranI kamAnanAM pagathiyAM para TakerakhAnAne jharUkhe che. derAsaranI bAMdhaNI evI karI che ke bahAra UbhA rahIne paNa neminAthanA biMbanAM darzana karI zakAya che.* zatruMjayane caturmukha prAsAda-zatruMjya parvata para cAmukhanI TrakamAM catumukha-vihAra nAme mukhya prAsAda Avela che. A prAsAda bAdazAha jahAMgIranA rAjyamAM saM. 1675(I.sa. 1919)mAM amadAvAdanA parivADa saMghavI somajInA putra saMghavI rUpajIe zatruMjayanI yAtrA mATe saMdha kADhIne baMdhAvele ne yugapradhAna jinacaMdrasUrinA ziSya jinasiMhasUrinA paTTadhara jinarAjasUrie enI pratiSThA karelI. A hakIkta mUlanAyakanI cAre pratimAonI besaNa para kotarelA lekhomAM vigatavAra jaNAvI che. A prAsAdane pharato coka kula ra704116 phUTa ( 82534354 mITara) lAMbo pahoLo che. be phUTa (16 mITara) nI jagatI para baMdhAyele prAsAda 67 4 57 phUTa (ra04 x 173 mITara) lAMbapaheLe che. garbhagRhamAM ArasapahANanuM 12 phUTa (36 mITara) cerasanu be phUTa (6 mITara) UcuM siMhAsana che. siMhAsana para cAre dizAmAM mukha rAkhI besADelI AdIzvaranI ArasanI cAra mUrti birAje che, AthI A prAsAda "caturmukhavihAra' athavA "mukhajInuM maMdira tarIke oLakhAya che. A mUrtio 10-11 phUTa (3-33 mITara) UMcI che. siMhAsana para staMbho paNa che. garbhagRha upara 96 phUTa (262 mITara) UMcuM zikhara che. garbhagRhanI cAre bAju ekeka pravezadvAra che. traNa bAjue cokI (mukhamaMDa5) che. pUrva dvAra gUDhamaMDapamAM paDe che. uttara ane dakSiNa bAjunI cekI para sAta-sAta nAnA ghUmaTane dareka bAjue ekeka nAnuM zRMga che. uttara dizAnI cokInI pUrva bAjue prAsAdane upale majale javAnI sIDI che. tyAM AdinAthanI bIjI ATha ArasapratimA che. zikharane upalo bhAga kaMIka ne karelo lAge che, jyAre pazcima cheDAne badho nIcale bhAga prAcIna jaNAya che. bAkInA bhAga karatAM emAM zilpakalAnuM prAcurya paNa raheluM che. gUDhamaMDapa 31431 phUTa(94 4 94 mITara)ne che. enI aMdara 12 staMbha

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432] mughala kAla che. emAMnA vacalA ATha staMbha para maTanI racanA karI che. maMDapamAM paNa traNe bAju pravezadvAra rAkhelAM che. maMDapanA gokhalAomAM nAnI moTI aneka pASANa-pratimA AvelI che. eka gokhalAmAM maMdira baMdhAvanAra zeTha-zeThANInI mUrtio paNa che. maMDapanI AgaLa navakI che. garbhagRhanA staMbhanI ane nava cekInA taMbhanI vaccenAM aMtara eka mApanAM che. prAsAdanI AgaLa alaga. raMgamaMDapa kare che. enA 12 staMbho para 24 devIonAM svarUpa kaMDArelAM che. A maMdira baMdhAvatAM 48 lAkha rUpiyAnuM kharca thayuM hatuM. vIMjhANanuM rakhezvara mahAdevanuM maMdira: vIMjhANa (tA. abaDAsA)mAM bhAramalanA rAjyamAM bhAriyA Asara Thakkara dhanarAje (vi.saM. 1688 (I.sa. 1632)mAM A mahAdevanuM maMdira baMdhAvavuM zarU karyuM ne saM. 1697 (I.sa1641)mAM enI pratiSThA karAvI. A maMdira gajadhara varasaMge bAMdhyuM hatuM. enI prazastine zilAlekha maMdiranI dIvAlamAM lagAvela che.83 A maMdira pAA phUTa (17 mITara) UMcI jagatI para 45 phUTa (137 mITara) lAMbuM ane 35 phUTa (17 mITara) paheluM baMdhAveluM che. e sakhata pILA paththaranuM che. enuM garbhagRha 32 phUTa (90 mITara) UcuM che. enA tavadarzanamAM bhadrAdi pralaMba kADhelA che ne maMvaramAM traNeya bAju zi95-tharanA tathA paurANika AkRtio kaMDArela che. garbhagRha 6 phUTa (198 mITara) lAMbuM ane cha phUTa (2-3 mITara) paheluM che. enI madhyamAM zivaliMga sthApeluM che. sAmI dIvAlanA gokhalAomAM gaNapati ane pArvatInI mUrtio che. garbhagRhanI AgaLa trikamaMDapa che. traNeya maMDapa para sAmaraNa che ne e darekanI bAjuo para siMha kADhelA che. vacalA maMDapane cAra cApAvalIyukta kamAna che, jemAMnI vacalI kamAnamAM TekAthaMbha paNa che. maMDapanA vacalA ghUmaTamAM jhumara ghATanuM vitAna che. ene corasa staMbhethI TekoluM che, jenI Toce mAnava-AkRtinA baeNkeTa kADhelA che. vitAnane ghUmaTa nIcethI upara jatAM nAnA thatA jatA 8, 16 ane 32 bAjuonA tharomAM tathA nAnAM thatAM jatAM eka keMdra vartulemAM racAya che ne e nI TocanI madhyamAMthI padma laTake che. vitAnamAM ekAMtare ATha kahAna ane ATha gopIonI suMdara zipakRtio najare paDe che. maMDapa 18 phUTa (55 mITara) x 16 phUTa (5 mITara)ne che. bAjunA be maMDapa emAM hanumAnanI ane bIjAmAM mahiSAsuramardinInI kadAvara pratibhA thApelI che.84 nArAyaNa sarovaranAM maMdira - kacchanA vAyavya bhAgamAM nArAyaNa saravara nAme purANokta tIrthadhAma AveluM che. vi.saM. 1790 (I.sa. 1734)mAM

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13 su'] sthApatyakIya smArakA kacchanAM mahArANI mahAvAe ahIM trIkamarAyajI tathA lakSmInArAyaNanAM madira karAvyAM. te ene karatA gaDha badhAvyA; sa. 1797( I.sa.1741 )mAM tyAM vaLI AdinArAyaNu gAvanarAyajI raNacheADarAyajI ane lakSmIjInAM maMdira karAvyAM. A paikI trIkamarAyajInuM maMdira IzAna kANumAM pazcimAbhimukha che, jyAre khIjAM madira e maMdiranI sAme pUrvAbhimukha hAraba`dha AvelAM che. trIkamarAyajInuM maMdira pa'9" (1-8 mITara) UMcI jagatI para bAMdhelu che. e 72 phUTa (219 mITara) lAMbuM, 68'-pa' (2008 mITara) paheALuM ne 61 phUTa (18.6 mITara) UMcu che. garbhagRha gUDhamaMDapa ane trikamaMDapa che, garbhagRhanI upara navAMDI zikharanI racanA karelI che. maMDapa tathA zRMgAracAkIe ghUmaTA vaDe AcchAdita che. e ghUmaTa zirAvaTIvALA staMbhA para TekavelA che. e staMbhA 12 phUTa (36 mITara) UMcA che. zRMgAracokIomAM staMbhA vacce dIvAlA caNI hAvAthI e staMbhA amRta jevA lAge che, dIvAlAmAM kakSAsana kADhelAM che te pravezanI baMne bAjue jALIvALA bacce jharUkhA che. zu'gAracAkIe 9-9" (3 mITara) ceArasa che. aMdara ATha kahAna ane gepIe!nI mUrti dharAvatuM suMdara vitAna che. trIkamarAyajI arthAt trivikramanI zyAma pASANanI caturbhuja pratimA samapAdAvasthAmAM UbhI che. ghUmaTamAM rAsamaMDaLInu manahara dazya kaMDAreluM che. khIjA maMdira sthApatyamAM A prakAranAM ja che. lakSmInArAyaNanA maMdiramAM lakSmInArAyanI zyAma pASANunI yugalamUrti sthApelI che. cAra ghUmaTAthI ze|bhatA sabhAmaMDapa lAMkhA ane vizALa che. A ma MdiranI uttare e ja harALamAM bIjAM pAMca pUrvAbhimukha maMdira AvelAM che. enA ghUmaTa sAdA che. cAra ghUmaTAthI zAlatA A devAlayeAneA saLaMga maMDapa diza jeTalA lAMkhA ane vizALa lAge che. AkhI paDALI 98'-6" (27 mITara) lAMbI ane 41 phUTa (12-5 mITara) paheALA che. e 5 phUTa (1*5 mITara) UMcI jagatI para AvelI che. AdinArAyaNanI pratimA paNa trivikrama-svarUpanI che. geAvana nAthajInA maMdiramAMnI pratimA gAva nadhArI zrIkRSNanI che. dvArakAdhIzajInuM maMdira madhyamAM che. enI sAme garuDa-maMDapa che. dvArakAdhIza athavA raNacheADarAyajInI pratimA khIje badhe hAya che tema ahI caturbhuja trivikrama-svarUpanI che. lakSmIjInA maMdiramAM lakSmIjInA caturbhuja pratimA che. kalyANarAyanuM maMdira 19 mI sadImAM umerAyuM che. badhAM maMdiramAM mUrti cakacakita karelA kALA ArasanI che. madirAnA ghUmaTa temaja bhoMyataLiyAM pILA paththaranAM bAMdhelAM che, dareka madira 10'-6" (32 mITara) ceArasa che. lakSmInArAyanuM maMdira 37 phUTa (11*3 mITara) ane bAkInAM traNa 47 phUTa (143 mI.) UMcAM che. iti.-6-28 (433

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434 ] sughala mara [.. A maMdisamUhanA prAkAranI a MdaranA vistAra 164 phUTa ( 50 mITara ) lAMmA ane 62'-6" (189 mITara) pahoLeA che. gaDhanI naiRtye Avela smAdinArAyaNanuM maMdira gaDhamAMnAM A maMdiza karatAM jUnuM gaNAya che. AdinArAyaNanA madira pAme zrIviThThalezvarajInI beThaka che. enA pravezadvAra pAse e chaDIdAra dvArapAla UbhA che. nijama MdiramAM UMcA oTalA para beThaka banAvIne azvArUDha viThThalezvarajIne phATA mUkavAmAM Avyo che. nijamaMdira para ghUmaTanI racanA che.85 6 prabhAsanuM sAmanAtha maMdira : samudrataTanA ramaNIya sthAna para Avelu A maMdira selaMkI kAlathI dezabharamAM khyAti dharAve che. enA sAmezvara ke seAmanAtha nAme jANItA liMganI gaNanA bhAratanAM dvAdaza jyotili MgAmAM thatI hatI. mahamUda gajhanInA samayathI A madira aneka vAra mUti bhajAnA AkramaNane bhe!ga banyuM te dara vakhate e pachI ene jIrNoddhAra thayA karyAM. sela`kI rAjAnA samayanA maMdirane saltanata kAlamAM nukasAna pahoMcyu hatu. te ma MdiramAM pUjA dhAmadhUma vagaranI thaIneya cAlu rahI hatI evuM mAlUma paDe che.86 akabaranA samayamAM A pUjA vadhAre meTA pAyA para cAlu thaI haze,87 paraMtu Ara'gajhebanA krumAnathI e prAcIna maMdiranA bhAre nAza karavAmAM AvyA. mirAte ahamadI 'mAM ApelA vRttAMta parathI mAlUma paDe che ke mughala kAlanA aMtamAM e maMdiranAM khaMDera ja rahyAM hatAM ne nagara bahAra sarasvatI nadInA kAMThe AvelA kAI nAnA maMdiramAM seAmanAthanuM liMga sthapAyuM hatuM, jyAM yAtrikA darzana-arcana karatAM.88 kahe che ke eraMgajhebanA samayamAM A maMdirane bhraSTa karI ghUmaTa vagerethI masjidanA rUpamAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AveluM, paraMtu mudhala kAlanA aMte te e masjida tarIkeya vaparAtuM nahatuM te verAna khaMDera banI gayu hatu evuM mirAte ahamadI parathI mAlUma paDe che. AjhAdI pachI sAmanAthanA jUnA maMdiranI jagyAe navuM maMdira bAMdhavA mATe jUnA maMdiranI imArata utArI levAmAM AvI tyAre emAM garbhagRha pradakSiNApatha aMtarAla gUDhama`Dapa ane enA traNa mukhamaMDapeAnI dIvAlAnA ghaNA bhAga meAjUda hatA. garbhagRha paranA zikharanI jagyAe ghUmaTa hatA, sAmaraNanI aMdaranAM vitAna rahyAM na hatAM, garbhagRha khAlIkhama hatuM te ma DAvaranAM ghaNAM zilpa naSTa thayelAM hatAM te ema chatAM samagra devAlayanA taladananA surekha khyAla AvatA hatA temaja keTalIka vividha zilpakRti najare paDatI hatI.89 A purANI imAratanA keTalAka avazeSa tyAMnA sthAnika myujhiyamamAM rakhAyA che. 4 d

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13muM] sthApatyakIya smAraka 4i35 dvArakAnuM dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira dvArakAnI gaNanA hiMduonAM cAra dhAmamAM ane purANonI sAta mokSapurIomAM thAya che. emAM mukhya mahimA tyAMnA zrI dvArakAdhIzanA maMdira che. ene zrI raNachoDarAyanuM maMdira ke jagatamaMdira paNa kahe che. gomatI-samudra saMgama pAse AveluM A uttama maMdira (A. 29) dUra dUrathI daSTigocara thAya che. paurANika anuzruti anusAra zrIkRSNane dehatsarga thatAM dvArakA para samudranAM nIra pharI vaLyAM tyAre tyAM AveluM harimaMdira bacI gayuM hatuM. mULa maMdira zrIkRSNanA prapautra vajanAbhe baMdhAvyuM manAya che, para tu A mAtra purANacita kapanA che. yAdavakAlIna dvArakAnuM asala sthAna paNa hajI sunizcita thaI zakayuM nathI. AThamI sadImAM Adya zaMkarAcArye ahIM pazcima maThanI sthApanA karI tyAre A sthaLe dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira haze ja. solaMkI kAlamAM ahIM e maMdira hovAnA aheya ullekha maLe che. alAuddIna khalajInI phoje saurASTramAM somanAtha maMdirane vaMsa karyA bAda dvArakAnA jagatamaMdirano paNa nAza karelo evuM manAya che, paraMtu eno koI mULa purAvo upalabdha nathI. I.sa. 1473 mAM gujarAtanA sulatAna mahamUda begaDAe dvArakA para caDAI karI tyAMnA raNachoDarAyanA prasiddha maMdirane nAza karyo hato. hAlanuM maMdira e pachI lagabhaga eka zatake, prAyaH bAdazAha akabaranA zAsanakAla (I.sa. 1573-1605) daramyAna, baMdhAyuM hoya evuM enAM sthApatya-ravarUpa ane zilpazailI parathI mAlUma paDe che. alabatta, mughala kAlanA maMdiranuM maMDANu ala maMdiranI talAjanA para thayeluM jaNAya che. 92 maMdira garbhagRha (nijamaMdira) aMtarAla pradakSiNApatha sabhAmaMDapa ane mukhamaMDapa(zRMgArakIo)nuM baneluM che. ene pharatA prAkArane be ThAra che : dakSiNa bAjue "svargadvAra " ane uttara bAjue "mokSadhAra . maMdira pazcimAbhimukha che. e pUrva-pazcima lagabhaga 90 phUTa (274 mITara) lAMbuM ane uttara-dakSiNa lagabhaga 72 phUTa (22 mITara) paheluM che. garbhagRhanuM mULa talamAna aThAInuM che. enI dareka dIvAlamAM vacce cAra bhAganA bhadrane nirgama che ne enI baMne bAjune koNabhAga.babbe bhAgane che. garbhagRhane pharate pradakSiNA patha che. enI bahAranI dIvAlanuM talamAna bArAInuM che. emAM vacce cAra bhAganuM bhaka, enI be bAjue babbe bhAganA pratiratha ane che. banne bhAganA kaNa kADhavA che, AthI garbhagRhane aMtima bAhya ghATa tArAkAra banyo che. garbhagRhanI aMdaranI dIvAlanI jadhAnA bhagavAkSamAM pUrve

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436 ] mughala kAla [y tathA dakSiNe trivikramanI ane uttare lakSmInArAyaNanI mUrti che. bahAranI dIvAlamAM jaghAgavAkSonI racanA karI che. enI upara grAsapaTTInuM alaMkaraNa che. 93 maMDapanuM talamAna paNa aThAInuM che. vaccene bhadrabhAga cAra bhAga che ne traNe bAjunA bhadrabhAganI AgaLa ekeka mukhamaMDapa kADhe che. maMDapane kedrIya bhAga 12 staMbhonA cokaThA para Tekavele che. enI bahAra cAre bAjue staMbhonI moTI samAMtara haroLa AvelI che. aMtarAla zRMgAracokIo ane maMDapabhittionI aMdara goThavelA staMbha sAthe gaNatAM maMDapanA staMbhonI kula saMkhyA 7ra thAya che.94 sabhAmaMDapa samacorasa che. enuM talamAna 40 phUTa (121 mITara) x 40 phUTa (121 mITara)nuM che. ene madhyabhAga 254 25 phUTa (76876 mITara) vistArane che. UrdhvadarzanamAM maMDevarane pharatA sAta suMdara jharUkhA kADhelA che, je upara jatAM kramaza: nAnA thatA jAya che. maMDapa pAMca majalAone che. vacalA ATha staMbho parano aSTakoNa bhAga cheka pAMcamA majalA sudhI khulle hovAthI maMDapanA madhyamAM prayojAtA pUjApATha bhajanakIrtana Adi kAryakramo cheka uparathIya dRSTigocara thAya che. dareka majale e mATe lagabhaga 1 phUTa (46 mITara) pahoLI vedikA ane AsanapaTTonI yojanA karI che. dIvAlanA gavAkSAmAM aSTa dipAla che: agni Idra IzAna kubera vAyu varuNa niRti ane yama. upara jatAM maMDapanI UMcAI kramazaH ghaTatI jAya che. pAMcamA majalAnA madhya'bhAgane suMdara alaMkRta karATaka (ardha vRttAkAra chata ) ane vistRta saMvargonI racanA vaDe DhAMkI devAmAM Avyo che. pAMcamA majalAnA anya bhAga cAre bAju khullA hevAthI havAujAsanI pUrI sagavaDa rahe che, sabhAmaMDapanI jema mukhamaMDapa paNa pAMca majalAnA che ne enAM mathALAM saMvarNa vaDe DhAMkelAM che. enA khulA bhAga dareka majale cotarapha vedikA ane kakSAsanethI bharI dIdhelA che. dareka saMvarNo para Amalaka ane kalazanI yojanA che. je maMDevarano garbhagRhavALo bhAga mattavAraNa taMbhikAo ane chAghathI zobhatA nirgamita sAta jharUkhAothI vibhUSita che. zikhara sAthe garbhagRhanI UMcAI lagabhaga 257 phUTa (783 mITara) che. zikhara lagabhaga 100 phUTa (305 mITara) UMcuM che. ene sAta majalA che. mukhya zikharanI cotarapha traNa traNa uzaMga che. zikharanA koNabhAga upara tarapha eka upara eka evI pAMca pAMca zaMgikAonI hAra AvelI che. zikhara tathA uzaMgo ane IMgikAo Amalaka

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya samArake [437 ane kalazathI vibhUSita che. maMdiranA unuMga zikharamAM majalA pADelA che. dareka majale ghUmaTa kADhela che. trIjA majalAnA zikharamAM zakita mAtAnuM sthAnaka hovAnuM manAya che. emAMnI mukhapratimA te tyAM segya pratimA paranI garbhagRhanI chata keI oLage nahi e hetuthI pAchaLathI mukAI lAge che.7 A maMdiranI mukhya pratibhA 12 mI sadImAM DAkora ane 15 mI sadImAM mAMgaroLa khaseDAI hovAnI anukRti che. zrImad vallabhAcAye pitAnI dvArakA parikramA samaye (I.sa. 1499) bAjunA lADavA nAme gAmamAMthI dvArakAdhIzanI ardhadaTAyelI mUrti meLavI hatI, e mUrti vi.sa. 156 0 (I.sa. 1504) mAM jagatamaMdiramAM padharAvavAmAM AvI hatI ne hAla e zaMkhoddhAra beTamAM birAje che evI paNa anukRti che. hAla garbhagRhamAM rahelI mukhya sevya pratimA DuMgarapurI lIlA pArevA paththaranI che ne e dvArakAnI zAradApIThanA aniruddhAzrama zaMkarAcArya (I.sa. 1558-1567) padharAvI che. 98 to A maMdira 16 mI sadImAM, paNa akabaranA gujarAta paranA amalanA AraMbha pahelAM, baMdhAyuM hoI zake. A pratimA lagabhaga 2-3" (" 7 mITara) UMcI che. raNachoDarAyanI mUrtimAM hamezAM caturbhuja viSNunAM 24 svarUpo paikInuM trivikrama svarUpa raheluM hoya che. emAM emanA nIcalA DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha, upalA DAbA hAthamAM cakra, upalA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA ane nIcalA jamaNA hAthamAM pA hoya che. maMdiranA prAMgaNamAM keTalAMka bIjAM maMdira che. mukhya maMdikhkhI barAbara sAme devakIjInuM pUrvAbhimukha maMdira che, jene mukhya maMdiranA pazcima mukhamaMDapa sAthe joDI dIdhuM che. mukhya maMdiranI pAchaLa zrIzaMkarAcAryane zAradAmaTha Ave che, enI uttare aSTa paTTANuonuM sthAnaka che, jemAM cokanI be bAjue cAra cAra khaMDomAM zrIkRSNanI ATha paTTarANIonI mUrtio najare paDe che. mukhya maMdiranI dakSiNe trivikramanuM pazcimAbhimukha ane veNImAdhavanuM pUrvAbhimukha maMdira che trivikramanuM maMdira garbhagRha sabhAmaMDapa ane mukhamaMDapanuM baneluM che, jyAre veNImAdhavanuM maMdira garbhagRha pradakSiNApatha aMtarAla ane traNa mukhamaMDapanuM baneluM che. mukhya maMdiranI uttare pradunajInuM pazcimAbhimukha maMdira ane puruSottamanuM maMdira umerAyAM che.99 auraMgajhebane amala daramyAna tyAMne thANadAra jagatamaMdiramAM pUjA karavA deto nahatuM, paraMtu dvArakAnI bAjumAM AvelA zaMkhoddhAra beTamAM pUjA thaI zakatI. tyAM vaMDAnI aMdara maMdira che. emAM ekanI sAthe eka evI jAtanA cha oraDA che, temAMnA ekamAM raNachoDajInI mUrti che. kahe che ke A mUrti zrImavalabhAcArya

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438] mughala kAla [ . lADavA gAmamAMthI meLavelI. bIjA oraDAmAM mAdhavarAyanI, trIjAmAM trIkamarAyanI cethAmAM kezavanI, pAMcamAmAM vasudevanI, ane chaThThAmAM kalyANarAyanI mUrti che. koTanA cAra khUNAomAM cAra oraDA che temAMnA ekamAM rumiNanI, bIjAmAM rAdhAjInI, trIjAmAM satyabhAmAnI ane cothAmAM jAMbuvatInI mUrti che. trIkamajInA oraDA AgaLanuM sthAnaka garuDanuM che ne bahAranI bAjunA oraDAmAM zaMkhanArAyaNanuM sthAnaka che. ** A badhAM maMdira raheNAka makAna jevAM ne dhAbAbaMdhI che. I.sa. 1551 nA arasAmAM kAbAoe dvArakAnI AsapAsa Aga lagADI tyAre rAjA zivA sAMgaNe tyAMne jagatamaMdiranI mUrti A beTamAM khaseDI. jAma rAvaLe tyAM enI saM. 1616 (I.sa. 1560)mAM sthApanA karI. pIMDhArAthI mAdhavajI trivikramajI puruSottamajI ane devakIjI ane garuDanI mAdhavapurathI dvArakAnA ramiNI maMdiramAMthI lakSmIjInI mUrti magAvI e sarvanI ane bheTamAMnI satyabhAmAnI mUrtinI paNa sthApanA karI. vi. saM. 1781 (I.sa. 1724)mAM satyabhAmAnA maMdira pAse bAlamukuMdajInuM maMdira ane lakSmIjInA maMdira pAse rAdhAjInuM maMdira jAma tamAcIe karAvyuM. beTamAM sahuthI jUnuM maMdira zaMkhanArAyaNanuM gaNAya che. e maMdirane jIrNoddhAra saM. 1774(I.sa. 1718)mAM kacchanA mahArAva prAga(prAgamala)e karAvelo. 101 zaMkhalapuranuM bahucarAjI maMdira-bahucarAjInuM mukhya maMdira (A. 30) sAdA paththaranuM bAMdheluM che. e lagabhaga 100 phUTa (305 mITara) lAMbuM, 50 phUTa (152 mITara) paheluM ane 56 phUTa (161 mITara) UMcu che. enA uttara ga zikhara paranA suvarNakalaza ane pharakatI dhajA AsapAsanA ATha ki.mI.nA vistAra sudhI daSTigocara thAya che. maMdira pUrvAbhimukha che. maMdiramAM praveza karatAM pahelAM eka sabhAmaMDapa Ave che. enA staMbho para tathA ghUmaTomAM suMdara pUtaLIo besADelI che. AgaLa jatAM bIjo sabhAmaMDapa Ave che. A maMDapanA traNe bAjunA daravAje cAMdInAM kamADa che. bAjumAM nAne maMDapa che temAM bhadajI bese che. garbhagRhamAM mAtAjInuM sthAnaka che. emAM pAMceka phUTa (laga.15 mITara) UMcA siMhAsana para mAtAjIne cAMdIthI maDhelo gokha che. enI aMdara sphaTikanuM bAlAyaMtra che. enI upara bIjamaMtra sahita suvarNayaMtra caDAvela che tenuM pUjana thAya che. gekhanI AgaLanA bhAgamAM siMhAsana para mAtAjInI mUrti padharAvavAmAM Ave che. uttaranI dIvAlamAM garbhagRhanA prakSAlananuM pANI jhIlatuM chokarAnuM paththaranuM bAvaluM che. A maMdiranI pAchaLa mAtAjInA AdyasthAnanuM pazcimAbhimukha maMdira AveluM che. 102

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13 muM ] sthApatyakIya mArake [439 DAkoranuM raNachoDarAyanuM maMdira "mirAte ahamadI'mAM jaNAvyA mujaba saM. 1818(I.sa. 1762)mAM DAkoramAM raNachoDajInuM maMdira hatuM ne emAMnI mUti saM. 1212 mAM dvArakAthI boDANA tyAM lAvelA evuM manAtuM, *3 paraMtu hAlanuM maMdira marAThA kAlanuM che. pAvAgaDha paranuM kALakA mAtAnuM maMdira-A maMdira pAvAgaDhanA zikharanI Toca upara AveluM che. maMdiranI bAMdhaNI nAnI ane sAdI che. garbhagRhamAM DAbI bAjue mahAkALInI mUrti ane jamaNI bAjue bahucarA mAtAnuM yaMtra che, vacamAM kAlikA mAtAnI mUrtinA mukhya bhAga che. raMgamaMDapa upara ghUmaTa che. 1934 ArAsurI aMbAjInuM maMdira-A sAdA ArasanuM nAnuM maMdira che. garbhagRha 1461 mITara lAMbu pahoLuM ane 6 mITara UMcuM che. maMdira jANe koI killebaMdhI gaDhamAM AvyuM hoya evuM jaNAya che. daravAjethI saheja AgaLa jatAM khulle coka Ave che ne enI AgaLa maMDapa che. garbhagRhamAM mAtAjIne gekha che temAM vasoyaMtra sthApela che. uparAMta mAtAjIne zRMgAra evI rIte karavAmAM Ave che ke emAM emanI pratimAne bhAsa thAya che. yaMtranI pAchaLa kALA paththarana alpamUrta pratimA paNa che. maMdiranA staMbha para 15mI-16 mI sadInA lekha katarelA che. 104 zAmaLAjInuM gadAdhara maMdira zAmaLAjI(tA. bhiloDA, ji. sAbarakAMThA)nuM gadAdhara maMdira (A. 31) gujarAtabharamAM jANItuM che. A maMdira 109" x 76 (332 4 231 mITara) lAMbuM paheLuM ane lagabhaga 62' (1899 mITara) UMcuM che. maMdira maTI jagatI para bAMdheluM che. jagatanI uttara bAjue moTo balAnaka che, enI baMne bAjue ekeka meTo hAthI kaMDArela che. mULa maMdira garbhagRha aMtarAla pradakSiNApatha ane maMDapanuM baneluM hatuM, AgaLa jatAM emAM thoDA pheraphAra karAyA che. garbhagRhanI bhittiomAM bhadra, pratiratha ane karNanA pralaMba kahelA che. garbha gRhanI bhitti aMdaranI bAjue tadana sAdI che, jyAre bahAranI bAjue e tharo ane zilpothI aMlakRta che. garbhagRhanI dIvAlanI aMdaranI bAjumAM kuMbho kalaza kevAla mAcI jadhA ugama bharaNI zirAvatI ane kevAlanA bhAga najare paDe che. jaMdhAmAM dareka bhadramAM gokhale che, paNa e khAlI che. gokhalAnI uparanA uddagama para IlikAraNa che. emAM pUrva bhittimAM vaiSNava devatAnI ne dakSiNa bhittimAM pArvatInI pratimA che. pradakSiNApatha bhittithI AvRta che. maMdiranuM mahApITha bhiTTa jAkuMbha karNa aMtarAla kevAla grA sapaTTI gajathara ane naratharathI vibhUSita che. mahApITha paranA

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440 ] sughala phAla [tra. ma`DAvamAM nIcethI upara jatAM khurA kuMbhA kalaza kevAla mAcI ja dhA udgama bharaNI mAcI ja dhA udgama bharaNI mAtaraNa ( mattavAraNa ) ane mahAkevAlanA thara Ave che. ma`Dapa mULamAM khullA hatA, hAla ene AiMttaethI AvRta karelA che. mULa maMDapamAM rAjasena vedikA AsaneAta (AsanapaTTa) kakSAsana chAgha vagere bhAga paDatA hatA. maMDapamAM upalA e majalA paNa che, jemAM UMcAI ane sta MbhasaMkhyA ghaTatI jAya che. trIjA majalAnI upara ma MdiranA maMDapanu mukhya vitAna che. A udita vitAna che te emAM kAla-kAcalA ane gavAkSanAM rekhAMkana karelAM che. enA rUpakaDamAM 16 vidyAdharAnI pUtaLIo che. TAMcamAM padmazilA che. maMdiranA khIjA bhAgeAmAM AvelAM vitAnA paikI keTalAMka samatala ane keTalAMka udita prakAranAM che. A vitAneAnI bahAranI bAjunAM chAvaNu ghUmaTanA sAdA ghATanAM che, enA para sAmaravALAM suMdara rekhAMkana kADhelAM nathI. ghUmaTanI upara kalaza ane aMDaka che. chAvanA upalA bhAga para vAdha hAthI ane mizra ceApagAnAM bAvalAM che. zikharanI AgaLa zukanAsa che. mukhya zikharanI AsapAsa traNa uruzRMga che te dareka ka` para paNa eTalAM uruzRMga che. dareka bhadra para rathika gavAkSa che te emAM ilikAtAraNu ane sta MbhonA parikaramAM devanI mUrti birAje che. enA chAdyamAM sAmaraNA ane uruzRMge najare paDe che. zukanAsamAM zikharanI aMdara javAnuM pravezadvAra che. enI upara gavAkSa ghATanA udgama che te enI upara siMha besADelA che. zikharanI aMdara pradakSiNApatha che te enI madhyamAM nAnA khaMDa che, jemAM nAneA ghUmaTa che. zikharanI rekhA zikhAMtA che te zikhara para AmalasAra kalaza Daka vagere che. agnikhUNAmAM dhvaja mUkelA che. sabhAmaDapamAM aneka rataMbha AvelA che. enA mukhya bhAga corasa che te enA para khacakA kADhelA che. kayAreka e aSTabhuja ke vRtta AkAra paNa dhAraNa kare che. nIcalA ane vacalA majalAnuM pravezadvAra saptazAkha che, jyAre upalA majalAnuM trizAkha che. garbhagRhanI adara caturbhuja viSNunA trivikrama-svarUpanI pratimA sthApelI che. maMdiranI dIvAla para temaja garuDanI pratibhA paravi.sa.nI 17mI sadInA lekha katarelA che, te I.sa. 1594 thI 1633nA che. maMdiranu nirmANu e pahelAM 15 mI-16 mI sadI daramyAna thayuM gaNAya che.105 amadAvAdanu" ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanu madira--amadAvAdanI pUrva AvelA sarasapura parAmAM zAMtidAsa jhaverIe bAdazAha jahAMgIranA rAjyakAla daramyAna ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM maMdira baMdhAveluM. ja`na pravAsI menDeslAe

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya smArake 4i41 1638 mAM amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI tyAre eNe amadAvAdanAM jovAlAyaka thaLomAM gaNanApAtra evA A maMdiranI mulAkAta laI potAnI pravAsa-oMdhamAM enuM niparUNa karyuM che. A maMdira hAla nAmazeSa heI A nirUpaNa ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDayuM che. emAM A maMdirane "vANiyAonuM mukhya maMdira ane ni:zaMka rIte jovA maLatAM sarvottama bAMdhakAmomAMnuM eka gaNAvyuM che ne eNe nepyuM che ke zAMtidAsa jhaverI, je hajI hayAta che, temaNe baMdhAveluM A navuM maMdira che. A maMdira pASANanA prakArathI AvRta moTA cagAnanI vacce AveluM hatuM. prAkAranI aMdara dIvAlane aDIne cAre bAju bhamatI hatI, jenI aMdara ghaNuM devakulikA hatI. dareka devakulikAmAM sapheda ke kALA ArasanI pratimA hatI. A pratimAo nirvastra ane padmAsanamAM beThelI hatI. keTalIka devakulikAomAM mukhya pratimAnI be bAjue ekeka nAnI pratimA paNa hatI. 107 maMdiranA pravezasthAne kALA ArasanA jIvana-kadanA be hAthI najare paDatA, teomAMnA eka para maMdira baMdhAvanAranI pratimA birAjatI. maMdiranI dIvAlo manuSyo ane prANIonI zi9pakRtiothI vibhUSita hatI. maMdiranI pAchalI bAjue traNa devAyA hatAM, jenA gabhArAone lAkaDAnI vaMDIo vaDe ekabIjAthI alaga pADelA hatA. A devAlayomAM tIrthakaronI ArasapratimAo sthApelI hatI. vacalA devAlayamAM pratimAnI AgaLa pragaTelo dIpa hato. maMdirane eka pUjArI bhakto pAsethI pratimA mATenAM puSpa, dIpa mATenuM tela ane havana mATenA ghauM tathA nimaka levAmAM rokAto. e moM para muhapatI bAMdhate.*8 A maMdirane lagatI 86 lokomAM racelI prazasti zilAlekharUpe jaDelI hatI temAM e maMdira zAMtidAsa zeThe amadAvAda pAse (sarasapuranI vAyavyamAM) bIbIpuramAM baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM jaNAveluM che. maMdiranI bhamatI mAM bAvana jinAlaya hatAM. maMdirane cha maMDapa hatA. maMdira baMdhAvavAne AraMbha saM. 1678(I.sa. 1622)mAM thayelo ne enI pratiSThA saM. 1682(I.sa. 1626)mAM thaI hatI. enI A prazasti saM. 1697( I.sa. 1641)mAM racAI hatI. 109 zAhajAdA auraMgajhebe gujarAtanI sUbAgIrI daramyAna I.sa. 1644 mAM A maMdirane toDI masjidamAM pheravavA pharamAvyuM ne ene "kuvrata-u-islAma" (islAmanuM kauvata11) evuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM. 111 emAMnI be ArasapratimA, je dareka se-so maNanA vajananI hatI, tene zAMtidAse chAnImAnI bhoMyarAmAM dATI dIdhI hatI. 112 I.sa. 1666 mAM amadAvAdanI mulAkAte Avela phenca pravAsI jaine neMdhe che ke zAMtidAsanuM derAsara amadAvAdanuM mukhya derAsara

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42) mughala kAla [. hatuM. auraMgajhebanA pharamAnathI emAM govadha karIne ene bhraSTa karavAmAM AvyuM hatuM ne pachI masjidamAM pheravavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. ene pharatI bhamatInI derIonuM varNana karI e jaNAve che ke ene aMdarano bhAga suMdara che, enI dIvAle mANaso ane pazuonI zilpakRtiothI bharapUra che, paNa enAM nAka TecI nAkhavAmAM AvyAM che 113 e arasAmAM amadAvAdanI mulAkAte aneka vAra Avela kenya pravAsI Tevarniyare paNa maMdiramAMthI majidamAM pheravAyela A bAMdhakAmanuM varNana karyuM che. e seMdhe che ke ene bahAranA bhAga mojheka (jaDAvakAma)thI vibhUSita che, jemAMne moTe bhAga khaMbhAtathI meLavelA vividha raMganA akIkano banelo che. 114 bAdazAha zAhajahAMe thoDA ja vakhatamAM-1946 mAM gujarAtanA sUbedAra tarIke zAIstakhAnanI nimaNUka karI. A imArata bIjA mANasanI mAlikInI heI islAmanA kAnUna mujaba masjida tarIke vAparI zakAya nahi evI mullA abdula hakIme phariyAda karatAM bAdazAhe zAIstakhAnane pharamAvyuM ke A imArata. zAMtidAsanI hAI auraMgajhebe emAM karAvelI maherAba kADhI nAkho ne e ImArata zAMtidAsane soMpI devI, paraMtu A pharamAnane amala thaI zake e pahelAM zAmatakhAnanI badalI thaI gaI. 1648 mAM enI jagyAe zAhajAdA dArA zIkenI nimaNUka thaI. eNe potAnA nAyaba gheratakhAnane tarata ja pharamAvyuM ke maherAba tyAM rahevA daI enI pAse dIvAla baMdhAvavIne imAratane bAkIne bhAga zAMtidAsane maMdira tarIke vAparavA soMpI deve, tyAM rahetA phakIrene kADhI mUkavAne je vaherAo maMdiramAMthI je sAmagrI laI gayA che te emanI pAsethI pAchI meLavI zAMtidAsane pAchI ApavI, 115 paraMtu A imArata pachI nA maMdira tarIke vaparAI ke na majida tarIke cAlu rahI. verAna imArata tarIke e kALabaLe khaMDera thatI gaI ne AsapAsanA loke paNa e khaMDeramAMnI sAdhana-sAmagrI laI jatA rahyA bAdazAha muhammadazAhanA samayamAM zAMtidAsanA vaMzajoe bAdazAhanI maMjUrI laI I.sa. 1743 mAM A derAsaranA yarAmAMnI pratimAo amadAvAda zaheramAM khaseDI tyAM jenee baMdhAvelA derAsaranA bhayarAmAM sthApI. 16 19 mI sadInA madhyamAM maganalAla vakhatacaMda "amadAvAdane itihAsamAM noMdhe che ke A derAne ghATa haThIsiMhanA derA jevo che, paNa A deruM uttarAbhimukha che. derAnA jhumaramAM uttama pUtaLIo hatI. enA khaMDerano Tekaro sarasapurathI vAyae Avela hato te gabhArAnA pAchalA bhAganI nAnI nizAnI sivAya bIjuM kaMI mojUda rahyuM na hatuM. emAMnI traNa mUrti jhaverIvADAmAM AdIzvara

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya samArake maMdiranA bheMyarAmAM ane mULanAyakanI mUti jhaverIvADAmAM sUrajamalanA derAmAM besADI che. 117 hAla A bhavya maMdira taddana nAmazeSa che. auraMgajhebanI sUbedArImAM amadAvAdanA A suMdara derAsarane nAza thayo e eka apavAda che, paraMtu ekaMdare jotAM te satanata kAlanI sarakhAmaNIe mughala kAlamAM evA banAva bhAgyeja banyA che. mughala amala daramyAna ekaMdare sukhazAMti hatAM ne tethI A kAla daramyAna gujarAtamAM moTAM prAcIna devAlayone jIrNoddhAra karavAnI tathA keTalAMka navAM moTAMnAnAM devAlaya baMdhAvavAnI pravRtti ThIka pramANamAM thatI hatI evuM upara Apela A kAlanAM devAlayonI yAdI tathA emAMnAM keTalAMka devAlayanA nirUpaNa parathI spaSTa thAya che. 3. islAmI sthApatya A kAlamAM agAu salatanata kAlamAM baMdhAyelI marijadone namAjha paDhavA mATe ane pIranA makabarA ne rojAno duvA mATe upayoga cAlu rahyo. uparAMta jyAM jyAM navA muslima vasavATa vasyA tyAM tyAM navI majida baMdhAI.. A samayanA nAmAMkita saMto ane saradAronI kabaro para makabarA baMdhAyA. vaLI. makabaro ane majida dharAvatA keTalAka rojA paNa baMdhAyA. prastuta kAlamAM amadAvAda surata pATaNa bharUca khaMbhAta peTalAda kaDI vaDedarA ghoghA vasAvaDa vIjApura navasArI mahesANuM jAmanagara vIramagAma dAhoda jUnAgaDha amarelI bhUja verAvaLa kutiyANuM vagere sthaLoe majido makabarA ane rAjA baMdhAyAnuM abhilekhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. 118 A kAlanA IslAmI sthApatyamAM agAunI jema hiMdu maMdiro toDIne enA avazeSomAMthI ImArato baMdhAyAnA dAkhalA virala che. siddhapuramAM prAcIna rudramALanA khaMDeramAM baMdhAyelI masjida e ene eka virala dAkhalo gaNAya.. moTe bhAge navAM sAdhanothI ImArato banI che. prastuta kAlanA bAMdhakAmamAM paththarane upaga ghaNe ghaTI gayo ne ITa ane cUnAno prayAga vo; alabatta, majidamAM maherAba banAvavA mATe paththarane prayoga thato rahyo. racanA para have staMbha para pATalI mUkIne enA para chata. TekavavAnI saltanatakAlIna paddhatinuM sthAna kamAnAkAra paddhatie lIdhuM. A paddhatimAM staMbho ane pATaDAone kamAnAkAre joDI devAthI banatAM ekaThAMo para chata TevAtI. - AvI kamAnanI yojanAthI imAratanI maMDaparacanA AkarSaka banatI.

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444] mughala kAla [>, mughala kAlamAM keTalAka saMto ane saradAro bahArathI AvI gujarAtamAM vaselA, teo pitAne manapasaMda bAMdhakAma karAvavA mATe bIjA pradezamAMthI IjanerA bolAvatA. majida ke makabarAnA Avazyaka bhAgonI bAbatamAM teo khAsa pheraphAra karI zakatA nahi, paNa maMDaparacanA ane enA paranA ghUmaTanI racanAmAM emanI priya zailIo prayojAtI, AthI A kAlanI masjida ane makabarAnA ghUmaTomAM gaLAI jamarUkha ane ardhaaMDa jevA ghATa vizeSa pracalita thayA che. ghUmaranA ghATa para saltanatakAlIna DuMgaLI ghATa kaI kaI jagyAe jaLavAya che; jemake amadAvAdamAM khAnapuramAM AvelI vajIhuddInanI daragAha para mukhya ghUmaTa A ghATa dharAve che, paNa AvA dAkhalA jUja che. bhAratamAM anyatra mughala sthApatyamAM IrAnI zailInA bhavya daravAjA, UMcI kamAno ane uparanA bhAgamAM chatrIo kADhIne ImAratanI bhavyatA ane manoharatAmAM vadhAre karavAmAM AvatuM. gujarAtanI A kAlanI keTalIka imAratamAM paNa A prayatna thayelA najare paDe che. agAune mukAbale imAratamAM minArA karavAnuM cAla ghaNo ghaTI gayela jovA maLe che. je kAMI thaDA minArA banyA che temAMnA ghaNAkharA nakkara banelA che, je upayogitAne sthAne suzobhana mATe banAvelA hovAnuM spaSTa jaNAya che. sahatanata kAlanA IslAmI sthApatyane mukAbale mughalakAlIna sthApatya utaratI kakSAnuM jaNAya che. emAM pUrvakAlIna praziSTa sthApatyazailI sAthe anusaMdhAna jaLavAyuM nathI. joke A kAlanI keTalIka imArata bhavya banI che, paNa satanatakAlIna imAratamAM vividha rUpAMkanane laIne jovA maLatI manoharatAne ahIM abhAva varatAya che. koI kAI makabarAnI paDadIonI jALIomAM bhaumitika ane klevelanI bhAta jovA maLe che, paraMtu enuM kalAkauzale uttama kakSAnuM nathI. mughalakAlIna islAmI imArato paikI keTalIkanuM varNana prakAzita thayuM che tenI neMdha ahIM prastuta che. vaDodarAne kubuddIna muhammadakhAnano makabara-gujarAtanA chellA sulatAna mujhapharazAha 3 jAnA hukamathI I.sa. 1583 mAM jemane vadha karavAmAM AvelA te kubuddIna muhammadakhAna mahAna saMta hatA. akabaranA dudhabhAI mIrajhA ajhIjha kekAnA e kAkA hovAthI bAdazAha akabaranA nikaTanA paricayamAM AvelA. vaDodarAmAM emanI kabara upara makabare karavAmAM Avela che. A ITarI makabaro bhakkarapurA

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13 muM]. sthApatyakIya smArake [445. paeNlesa tarapha javAnA rastA para Avela che. UMcA pITha para bAMdhelo makabaro AkAramAM aSTakoNa che. A makabaro tatkAlIna dilhInA makabarAone maLato. Ave che. emAM gujarAtanA prAcIna makabarAo jevI bhavyatA jovA maLatI nathI. emAM e saMta uparAMta emanA putra navaraMgakhAna (je akabaranA samayamAM gujarAtamAM UMce hedo dharAvato hato, te)nI paNa kabara che. vaDedarA muslima zAsana sAthe saMkaLAyeluM hovAnuM sUcavatuM A agatyanuM smAraka che. A makabarAnA nibhAva arthe dAMtezvara gAmanI Avaka ApavAmAM AvelI hatI ane eno vahIvaTa vaDodarAnA saiyada bakuddIna karatA hatA. 19 amadAvAdane mIra abU turAba reje-A roje jamAlapura daravAjA bahAra baherAmapurA vistAramAM Avela che. akabaranI sevAmAM lagabhaga 20 varSa gALanAra mIra abU turAbanuM amadAvAdamAM I.sa. 1597 mAM avasAna thatAM abU turAbe pote potAne mATe baMdhAvI rAkhelA makabarAmAM ene daphanAvavAmAM Avyo. A rojAmAM makabare ane masjida baMne ImArato hatI, paraMtu marijadano bilakula nAza thayo che. makabaro (A. 32) 125 mITara corasa pITha para Ubho che. emAM pratyeka bAju pharatA cha-cha staMbha goThavI kula 20 staMbha vaDe khaMDa racele che. A khaMDane madhyamAMthI bIjA 12 taMbha Teko Ape che. badhA ja staMbhe vaDe uparathI kamAna racAya che. emAM cAre bAju pharatI kamAno paikI dareka bAju pAMca-pAMca UMcI kamAna banI che. dakSiNa bAjue be staMbha vadhArIne cekI kADhelI che. khaMDanI chata aMzataH sapATa ane bAkInAmAM ATha nAnA ghUmaTavALI che. madhyanA 12 staMbha vaDe racAtI kamAne vacce agAu paththaranI jALIdAra 5DadIo bharelI hatI, paraMtu e badhI tUTI gaI che. e madhyanI kamAne upara bIjA staMbha goThavI, eka mALa jeTalI UMcAI vadhArI enA para aMzataH sapATa chata ane barAbara madhyamAM moTo avRttAkAra ghUmaTa karela che. upara lIdhela. mALavALA bhAgane pharatI jALInA avazeSa jovA maLe che. ghUmaTa aMdarathI sAde che. makabarAnI pharasamAM ghaNI jagyAe khADA paDI gayA che. madhyanI mukhya kabaranI baMne bAja eka eka ane maMDapanA ravezamAM bIjI be maLIne kula pAMca kabara che. racanA para A makabaro sAdo chatAM suAyojita hovAthI prabhAvazALI lAge che. emAM paNa ene cAre bAju pharatI pratyeka bAju traNa pahoLI ane teonI vacce be sAMkaDI kamAnonI susaMvAdI racanA karI che, je manahara che. gujarAtanA mughalakAlanA AraMbhamAM A sthApatyamAM sthAnika muslima sthApatyanA zailIne keTaleka aMze samanvaya jovA maLe che. 120

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mughala kAle (pra. tharAdane amIra begane makabara-tharAda (ji. banAsakAMThA) mAM Avele amIra begane makabaro I.sa. 1602 mAM baMdhAyo hato. A sapheda ArasathI bAMdhe che. madhyanI kabara upara pharate eka ja paMktino 15 phUTa (46 mITara) lAMbe phArasI lekha katarelo che. 21 amadAvAdane zekha vajIhuddInane reje-A roje khAnapuramAM Avelo che. mIlAne vajahudIna nAmanA sUphI saMta cAMpAneranA vatanI hatA. I.sa. 1537thI teo amadAvAdamAM AvI vaselA. emaNe ahIM madresA sthApelI. teo "alavI' upanAmathI sAhityaracanA paNa karatA. emanuM I.sa. 1589 mAM avasAna thatAM emanA nivAsasthAna pAse ja emane daphanAvavAmAM AvelA. emanI kabara para gujarAtanA sUbedAra murtajhAkhAne (I.sa. 1606-1609) bhavya rAje baMdhAvelo, rojAmAM masjida ane haja saMta vajIhudInanA pautra zekha haidare karAvyAM hatAM. bAdazAha jahAMgIre A smArakanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI ane zekha haidarane bheTasogAda ApI hatI. 122 zekhanI daragAha ane majidane pharatA UMcI dIvAlano kATa karelo che. daragAha (A. 33) kula vistArane aDadhoaDadha bhAga roke che ne e pazcima bAjue Avela che. daragAha UMcA pITha para bAMdhelI che. emAM baMne bAjuthI dAkhala thavA mATe be be mukhya pravezadvAra karelAM che. e pravezadvAronAM mathALAM khaMDa che. e dvArA sudhI pahoMcavA mATe traNa pagathiyAM karelAM che. A uparAMta baMne bAjue bIjAM cAra-cAra pravezadvAra che, jenAM mathALAM kamAnAkAra che. tyAM sudhI pahoMcavA pagathiyAM karelAM nathI. teone upaga saMbhavata: bArIo tarIke thato haze. daragAha aMdaranI bAjuthI 3458 phUTa (934178 mITara) che. pharasanI baMne bAjue pAMca pAMca staMbhonI be haroLa che. mukhya ghUmaTanI nIce zekha vajIhuddInanI kabara che, jyAre enA agni khUNAmAM zekhanAM sagAMonI bIjI nava kabara che. mukhya kabara ArasanI che tenI pharate pharasane aradho vistAra ITothI chAyela che. staMbhathI TevAyela chatamAM 18 corasa bhAga pADelA che te paikInA 13 bhAga para nIcA kadanA ghUmaTa karelA che. zekha vahuddInanI kabara upara cerasa ghATane UMce minAro kare che. e minArAmAMthI pratyeka bAjue agAsI para paDatI eka eka bArI che. e minArAnA chAvaNanI madhyamAM bahu kANu paDaghI karI enA upara DuMgaLI ghATane ghUmaTa karelo che. minArA ane paDaghIne kAraNe A ghumaTa vadhAre paDato UMco thaI gayo che ane e pracalita paddhati anusAra makabarAnI barAbara madhyamAM kare joIe ene badale eka bAjue karele che, Ama chatAM samagra Ayojana

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'13 muM ] sthApatyakIya smAra prazaMsApAtra che. daragAhanI baMne bAjuonI jALIo paranAM bhaumitika phUlavelanAM rUpAMkana manahara che. akabara pachI IslAmI sthApatyakSetre gujarAtamAM AvelI hAsonmukha sthitimAM A suMdara imArata anokhI bhAta pADe che. 24 bharUthanI madresA marijada-murtajhAkhAne bharUcamAM 16 09mAM madresA masjida baMdhAvI hatI, je sivila hospiTala pAse AvelI che. enI pharasa ArasanI che. staMbhanI kuMbhIo sAganA lAkaDAnI che. enA be phArasI abhilekha jALIdAra bArIonA upalA bhAgamAM lAkaDAnI takatIo para kotarIne caDelA che. emAM bhajidanuM nAma "marijada kAjhI" apAyuM che. A masijadane maulAnA IsAka25 nAmanA vidvAne 17 mI sadImAM zikSaNa mATenI madresA tarIke upayoga karele, tethI e "madresA marijada tarIke prakhyAta thaI che. 24 suratanI khvAjA dAnA sAhebanI daragAha A daragAha 17mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM baMdhAyelI che. daragAhanI bahukoNa imAratanA bahAranA bhAgamAM dIvAlemAM moTA gavAkSa kADhelA che. kamAnayukta staMbhothI TakavAyela agAsIne pharatA nAnA kAMgarA kADhelA che. A daragAhane 105 phUTa (32 mITara) UMco minAro nAkhudA ahamade I.sa. 1611 mAM baMdhAvele, jyAre mukhya daragAhane ghUmaTa pATaNanA hAkema abadullAkhAne I.sa.1636 mAM baMdhAveluM. AmAMno minAra I.sa.1782 mAM paDI jatAM e mIra gulAla bAbAkhAne navesarathI baMdhAvela. A daragAhanI samIpe abdullAkhAne e I.sa.1636 mAM eka masjida paNa baMdhAvelI. 27 suratanI esa sAhebanI daragAha- I.sa. 1621 mAM saiyada mahamada esa vaphAta pAmatAM emanI kabara para nAnI daragAha karavAmAM AvelI. A kabara para I.sa. 1639 mAM jAheda bege moTI daragAha karAvI. UMco ardhavRtta ghUmaTa dharAvatI A ImArata enA 80 phUTa (244 mITara) UMcA 28 minArAne kAraNe bhavya lAge che. daragAhanI sanmukha hoja karela che. siddhapuranI jAmI majida- A masjida rudramALanAM 11 rudrAlayo paikInAM traNanAM garbhagRhane maMDapa AvarI laIne I.sa. 1645 mAM zAhajAdA auraMgajhebanA jamAnAmAM baMdhAI hatI (A. 34). e traNa garbhagRhanI AgaLanA maMDapa dUra karI bhajidano livAna karela che. staMbho paranAM zilpa kALajIpUrvaka TocI nakhAyA hevA chatAM hajI paNa dekhAya che. majidanA livAnanA madhya bhAganuM chAvaNa 28 phUTa (85 mITara) lAMbuM ane 21 phUTa (4 mITara)UMDuM che. e enI be bAjunI pAMkhone mukAbale e UMcuM che. baMne bAjunI pAkhonAM chAvaNa

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449] sughala kAla 132. 15 x15 phUTa (46x4.6 mITara) cesa mApanAM che. livAnanI vaccethI UMcA lIdhelA chAvaNa para eka ane baMnne pAMkhAnA chAvaNa para eka eka ema ekadare traNa ghUmaTa karelA che. livAnanI pazcima dIvAlamAM madhyamAM paththaranA mukhya maherAba ane enI bAjumAM miMbara karela che. bIjA be maherAba ane bAju Avela garbhagRhanA pravezadvAramAM karelA che. Ama masjadanI dIvAlathI traNeya garbhagRho papaikI enAM pravezadvAra ane madhyanA garbhagRhane mArga badha thaI gayAM che. gabha - gRhAnI bahAranI dIvAle| akabaMdha che. baMne pAMkhovALA ghUmaTanI pAchaLa garbhagRha paranAM zikhara jovA maLe che. alabatta, tenA AmalasAra teADI paDAyA che. masjidanI saMmukha hAja banAvela che, masjidanA praveza para ceADelI a rasanI takatImAM phArasI ane devanAgarImAM hi.sa. 1055, vi.sa. 1702(I.sa. 1645)nA lekha che.129 amadAvAdanI pIrAna daragAha--A daragAha jamAlapura cakalAthI pazcime lagabhaga eka kaoNMga dUra AvelI che. 17 mI sadInA AraMbhamAM bagadAdathI amadAvAda AvI vaselA saMta zAha abdula khalaka saiyada abdula kAdiranI A daragAha che. emAM ArasanI kabarane krUratI jALIdAra paDadIe karelI che. AnI sAthenI masjida alaga kATa dharAve che ane e jUnI masjidane sthAne pAchaLathI sAdI Dhabe baMdhAyelI I TerI masjida che. enI sAthe sakaLAyela hajarata pIranA rAjo ITarI che ane e sAdA ArasanI be kabara dharAve che, e kamarA pIrAna pIranA parivAranA saiyada miyAna ane saiyada askarI miyAnanI che. A adhikAma 17 mI sadInA madhyanAM jaNAya che.130 amadAvAdanI hAjI sAhebanI masjida--riyapuranA lAla khAvAnA TImamAM hAjI sAheba ke hAjI zAkhAnI masjida AvelI che. 17 mI sadInA madhyanI A masjida eka jamAnAmAM 1,564 cArasa vAra (1,3077 ceArasa mITara)ne vistAra dharAvatI hatI, paNa emAM aneka raheNAka makAta thaI jatAM enA vistAra lagabhaga pAMcamA bhAgane ja rahI gayA che. A IMTerI masjidanI ImArata bismAra hAlatamAM che, 13 1 amadAvAdane zAhu abdula vahAba sAhebanA rAjo A rAjo khAnapuramAM AvelA che. emAMnI masjida bilakula nAza pAmI hovAthI pAchaLathI ene sthAne navI masjida baMdhAI che, masjidanI pUrva dizAmAM zAha abdula vahAbane! mAre che. emAM madhya bhAgamAM kamAneAthI Tekavela UMcA ghUmaTa che, jyAre e khAMDane pharatI raveza evaDA rata bhenI harALathI yukta che. raveza paranA chAvaNumAM

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13 muM! sthApatyakIya samArake [449 saMkhyAbaMdha staMbhethI nAnA nAnA ghUmaTa karelA che. masjidanI bAjumAM IzAna khUNAmAM abdula vahAbanA pitA gyAsuddInanI daragAha che. atyAre te e daragAha sAdI ane ghaNuM ja jarita che, paNa eka jamAnAmAM sarasa ImArata hevAne khyAla Ape che. 132 amadAvAdane muhammada amInakhAnane makabaro--muhammada amInakhAnanuM 1682 mAM amadAvAdamAM avasAna thayuM tyAre e sUbedAranA hoddA para hato, AthI ene bhadranA killAmAM daphanAvI enI kabara para makabare karavAmAM Avelo. ene makabaro tema majida bhadranA TAvara pAse AvelAM hatAM. enI majida nAza pAmI che, jyAre makabaro lAladaravAjAnA basa sTezana pAse bahumALI makAnanA cokamAM jillA paMcAyata bhavana sAme jovA maLe che. makabaro nakkara ardhavRtta ghUmaTa dharAve che. A imAratamAM eka paNa tatva evuM nathI je ene sthAnika hiMdu-muslima sthApatya zailI sAthe sAMkaLatuM hoya. enI masjida paNa apramANa ane UtaratI kakSAnI hatI. 133 amadAvAdane saradArakhAnane roje-auraMgajhebanA mAnItA saradAra navAba saradArakhAnane roje khamAsA geTathI jamAlapura daravAjA tarapha jatAM mukhya rastA para DAbI bAjue AveluM che. A rojAmAM saradArakhAne pote baMdhAvelI masjida tema makabarAne samAveza thAya che. A baMne imArato eNe enA amadAvAdanA nivAsa daramyAna I.sa. 1603 pahelAM baMdhAvelI. I.sa. 1684 mAM siMdhanA nagaraThaThThAmAM saradArakhAnanuM avasAna thatAM ene ahIM lAvI makabarAmAM daphanAvela. A aMgene emAM I.sa. 1684 ne abhilekha paNa che. 34 UMcA keTathI gherAyelI masjidanuM pravezadvAra bhavya che (A. 35). pravezadvAranI Toce be cheDA para chatrIo karelI che. e chatrIonA chAvaNane ghATa majidanA ghUmaTane maLata karela che. majidanuM bAMdhakAma ITothI kareluM che, paNa enA livAnanI pazcima dIvAlane maherAba paththaramAMthI kALajIpUrvaka kotarele che. majidanA AgaLanA bhAgamAM traNa UMcI kamAna kADhelI che ane baMne bAju UMcA cAra majalAovALo eka eka minAra karelo che. minArAnA nIcalA traNa majalA aSTakaNa ane cheka upale majala vRttAkAra che. minArA aMdarathI nakkara rakhAyA che. masjidanA livAnanI baMne bAjue eka eka jharUkho kADhe che. majidanA livAna para sarakhA kadanA traNa ghUmaTa karelA che. jamarUkha-ghATanA A ghUmaTa amadAvAdanA muslima sthApatyamAM viziSTa Iti-29

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450] mughala kAla [ bhAta pADe che. ghUmaTanI Toce pittaLanAM bIjacaMdra ane tAre mUkela che. A racanA saradArakhAnanA pUrvaja mUlataH IrAnanA vatanI hovAnuM smaraNa karAve che. 35 A nAnI paNa namUnedAra masjidamAM uparanA bhAgethI be cApa vaDe aNIdAra khUNe banAvatI traNa sarakhI kamAna, baMne bAjunA sarakhI UMcAInA cAra majalAvALA minArA, sarakhA kada ane ghATanA, paNa minArA karatAM ochI UMcAI dharAvatA traNa dhUmaTa ane livAnanA be paDakhAmAM kADhelA jharUkhA saMyojananI daSTie prazaMsApAtra che. 134 makabara uparyukta bharijada sAthe saMkaLAyela che, paraMtu e alaga kATa dharAve che. A ImArata UMcA ITarI pITha para banelI che. madhyamAM sapheda ArasanI saradArakhAnanI pitAnI suMdara kabara che, uparAMta bIjI be kabara paNa jovA maLe che. kabarane pharatA 12 staMbho vaDe khaMDa ra che, jenI bAjuone nakazIdAra jALIonI paDadIthI bharI lIdhI che. ene pharato 20 taMbhovALe raveza che. ravezanA baMne cheDAo para nakazIdAra paDadIo bharI che. madhyakhaMDanI upara vizALa kadano jamarUkha-ghATane ghUmaTa karelo che ne enI Toce upayukta majidanI jema pittaLanAM bIjacaMdra ane tAro mUkelAM che. A mukhya ghUmaTane pharatA e ja ghATanA paNa nAnA kadanA ATha ghUmaTo vaDe ravezanuM chAvaNuM banAveluM che.137 AsapAsa ghaNAM makAna banI gayAM hovAthI dUrathI to Aje A bhavya rojAnA ghUmaTa sivAya kaMI dekhAtuM nathI. amadAvAdane hajharata mUsA suhAgane rojo- dilhI daravAjA bahAra kaMmpanA raste jatAM relave kresiMga pAse A rojo Ave che. ene pharate koTa karela che. koTamAM bhavya pravezadvAra che. aMdaranA bhAgamAM bIje kamAnAkAra keTa kare che tenI aMdara reje Avela che. imArata ITa ane cUnAthI bAMdhelI che. majida nIcI che ane enA livAnanA AgalA bhAgamAM traNa kamAnAkAra praveza karelA che. A daragAhamAM hajharata mUsAnI kabara uparAMta bIjI cAra kabara che. sthApatyanI dRSTie rojAnuM koI vizeSa mahatva nathI, paNa dhArmika daSTie ghaNuM mahatva che. masjidanA koTamAM caMpAnuM eka ghaNuM purANuM jhADa che. saMtati prApta karavAnI IcchAvALA bhAvika loke e vRkSanI DALIe kAcanI baMgaDIo bharAve che. A rejo 17 mI sadInA aMta samaye baMdhAyo hovAnuM jaNAya che.38 amadAvAdanI zujAtakhAnanI majida ane ene makabarasalApasanA rastethI mIrajhApura jatAM A nAmAMkita imArata Ave che. e

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13 muM sthApatyakIya samArake auraMgajhebanA sUbedAra sujAtakhAna urphe kAratalabakhAne baMdhAvI hatI. kahe che ke eNe marijada madresA ane pitAne makabare e traNeya imArata baMdhAvavA mATe Isa. 169ra mAM pATaNathI 200 gADAM bharIne Arasa maMgAvela 139 paNa e ImArato te ITothI baMdhAyelI che, joke emAM Arasane ThIka ThIka upayoga kare che. 80 470 phUTa (2444213 mITara)nA cokanI eka bAjue 73 441 phUTa (2224125 mITara) bhApanI masjida che. enI uttare makabaro ane dakSiNe 140 phUTa (4ra7 mITara) UMDA ane pUrva-pazcima 100 phUTa (30.5 mITara) pahelA koTamAM vacce khulle coka rAkhI pharate musApharakhAnA madrasA ane mahelanI ImArate karelI hatI. masjida ane makabarA sivAyanI imArato pAchaLathI raheNAka makAnomAM pheravI nAkhavAmAM AvI che (A. 36).14* masjidanA AgaLanA bhAgamAM pAMca kamAna karelI che. e paikI moTI kamAna -pa" (ra9 mITara) pahoLI ane 12-10" (39 mITara) UMcI che, jyAre bAkInI kamAno 7-3" (22 mITara) pahoLI ane 10 phUTa (3 mITara) UMcI che. livAnanA AgaLanA bhAgamAM baMne khUNAo para cAra majalAvALA aSTakoNa minArA karelA che. A minArA navAba saradArakhAnanI masjidanA minArA jevA che. agAzImAM javA mATenI sIDI dakSiNa dIvAlamAM karelI che. sta bha vaDe racAtA ATha kamAnAkAro para chata TekavelI che ane enA para 17 mI sadImAM uttara bhArata ane khAsa karIne siMdhamAM jovA maLatA goLa ghATanA traNa dhUmaTa karelA che. majidanI dIvAle ane aMdaranI kamAnemAM 7 phUTa (21 mITara) UMcAI sudhI Arasa jaDele che ane enI uparanA bhAgamAM cUnAnuM Arasa jevuM sapheda padAra lAsTara kareluM che. pharasamAM sapheda ane pILA Arasa vAparelA che. A prakAranuM ArasakAma majidanI bahAranI sAdI dIvAla sAthe virodhAbhAsa Ubho kare che. 141 masijadanI pazcima dIvAlamAM sAdA paNa saphAIdAra pAMca maherAba karelA che te paikInA madhyanA maherAba para kalama dharAvatA hi. saM. 1107(I.sa. 1995 -96)ne phArasI abhilekha che. enI bAjumAM pILA ArasanuM traNa pagathiyAMvALuM miMbara kareluM che. pAMceya maherAbonI uparanA bhAgamAM karelI kataraNIyukta jALIdAra bArIone laIne A masjida bIjI majida karatAM judI paDI Ave che. 142

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452 ] sughala kAla [.. masjidanI uttare lagabhaga cArasa keTamAM UMcI pITha para zujAtakhAnane relve AvelA che. e lagabhaga 54 x 54 phUTa (16-4416.4 mITara) mApanI imArata che. pharatA ravezamAM pratyeka bAjue pAMca pAMca maLI kula 20 kamAna kADhelI che, madhya khaMDa bahAranI bAjuthI 284ra8 phUTa (8-54 85 mITara) ane aMdaranI bAjuthI 214ra1 phUTa (64464 mITara) che. enA upara madhyamAM pramANasarane moTA ghUmaTa karelA che, jyAre chAvaNunA khUNA para cAra nAnA kadanA ghUmaTa karelA che. khaMDamAM zujAtakhAnanI ekalAnI kabara che. e kabara para enA mRtyu( 10 julAI, 1701)ne lagatA lekha che. enI krUsa ArasanI hatI temaja dIvAla para sAruM" plAsTara hatuM. 143 A makabarAnI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM koTanI lageAlaga eka nAtA makabarA che, jemAM zujAtakhAnanI putrIne daphnAvelI heAvAnuM kahevAya che. 144 amadAvAdanI zekha muhammada akAmuddInanI masjida-auraMgajhebanA samayamAM I.sa. 1690 mAM zahera-kAjI zekha mur3ammada akrAmuddIne 1,24,000 rUpiyA khacI A masjida ane madresA karAvyAM hatA. enA nibhAva athe traNa gAma ApavAmAM AvelAM. Aste|DiyA vistAramAM AvelI A masjida paththara ane IMTathI bAMdhelI che. enI bAMdhaNI zujAtakhAnanI masjidane maLatI Ave che, paNa AgaLa karelI pAMca kramAna saltanatakAlIna amadAvAdI mAneAte maLatI che. masjida aMdaranI bAjue 60 phUTa ( 183 mITara) lAMkhI ane 36'-5' (11-1 mITara) UMDa che. enA livAnamAM staMbho vaDe cAkaDAM pADelAM che te badhA staMbha kamAnAkAre eka bIjA sAthe joDAyelA che. e ceAkaDAMo paikInAM madhyanAM traNa para nIcA ghATanA avRtta ghUmaTa karelA che, jyAre bAkInAM sapATa chatathI DhAMkelAM che. masjidanI pazcima dIvAlamAM traNa maherAma karelA che. bAjunI bane dIvAlAmAM traNa-traNa khArI karelI che. livAnanA AgaLanA e khUNA para nakkara aSTakoNa dhADanA eka eka minArA karelA che. masjidanI pUrvamAM eka vaDAmAM keTalIka kabareA che. emAMnI eka kAra jemane mATe madresA bAMdhavAmAM AvI hatI te nUruddIna sIdInI che, bIjI kabara amadAvAdanA pahelA kAjI muhammada nijhAmuddInakhAnanI che. A baMne kakhara ArasanI che. masjidanA vizALa kATamAM karatA kamAnAkAra eraDA karelA che. teone chAtrAlaya tarIke upayoga thatA hateA.

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13 muM) sthApatyakIya smAraka [453 A masjida emAM cAlatI masAne laIne "hidAyata bala (upadeza ApavAnI) madresA' tarIke jANItI thaI che. 145 amadAvAdane saiyada abdullA esano makabaro--A makabare jhaverIvADamAM AveluM che. emAM saiyada hajarata zamsa zekha bina abdullA ala eDrasanI kabara che. emanA vaDavA saiyada abubakkara eksa 16mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtamAM AvI vaselA. emanI suratamAM AvelI daragAhanuM varNana upara AvI gayuM che. abdulalA eksano A makabare paththarathI bAMdhela nAno paNa namUnedAra che. enA staMbho vaccenA bhAgane jALIdAra paDadIothI joDI khaMDa banAvyo che. samakAlIna makabarAmAM vaccenA khaMDane pharatora veza rakhAya che te AmAM rakhAya nathI. enA chAvaNa paranI agAzInI madhyamAM alaMkRta pITha rAkhI enA para adhavRtta dhUmaTa karelA che. agAzIne kAMgarA karelA che. A imArata 17 mI sadInA aMtasamayanI jaNAya che. 144 amadAvAdanI kAjI alInI masjida ane choTA edrasa tathA zAha alInA makabarA-A imArato TiLaka mArga parathI ghIkAMTAne raste jatAM jamaNI bAjue Ave che. eka ja vaMDAmAM AvelI A traNe ImArata agAu alI khAna kAjInA nAma parathI kAjI alInI masjida tarIke oLakhAtI hatI. chellI deDha sadIthI e nAnA eDrasa ke choTA eDvasanI masjida tarIke oLakhAya che. A marijada oraMgajhebanA samayamAM kAjI abdula pharAhakhAne baMdhAvI hatI. agAu A masjida pUrNa ane suMdara hatI, paNa lagabhaga so varSa pahelAM ene uttara bAjune aDadhe bhAga toDAvI nAkhI emAM makAne ane dukAne UbhA karI devAmAM AvyAM che. mejUda avazeSo parathI jaNAya che ke majidamAM mULa traNa maherAba haze, livAna upara sapATa chAvaNa haze, e chAvaNane traNa hareLomAM karelA staMbha Teko ApatA haze. badhA staMbha kamAnAkAre ekabIjA sAthe saMkaLAyelA hatA. livAnanI UMDAI 23'-4" (71 mITara) hatI. enI baMne bAju be be ane pachItamAM cAra bArI karelI hatI. Aje ene kevaLa eka ja maherAba bacelo jovA maLe che. e retiyA paththarane che ne sarasa kotaraNI dharAve che. livAnanA cAra staMbha nIcenA cAra phUTa (12 mITara)sudhI cerasa ane upalA bhAgamAM aSTakoNa AkAra dharAve che. masjidanI saMmukha zAha alIno makabare che. 16 staMbho vaDe kavAyelA enA chAvaNa para nava ghUmaTa karelA che. emAM kakyAMya jALIyukta paDadIo bharyAnuM jaNAtuM

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454] mughala kAle nathI. mukhya kabara ArasanI hovI joIe, paNa e Arasa paDI gayA che. e makabarAnI uttare IzAna khUNAmAM nAnA esane makabare (A. 37) karela che. e 40 440 phUTa (1ra-241ra-ra mITara) nI cerasa imArata che. enI madhyamAM 12 rataMbho para Tekavele ghUmaTa bhavya ane kaMIka bhAre kadane lAge che. e 12 staMbhone jALIdAra paDadIthI sAMkaLI lIdhelA che. e khaMDamAM pazcime ane dakSiNe daravAjA mUkyA che. ketaraNIyukta jALIo bhAMgI gaI che ane enA bhAga UpaDI gayA che. ravezane ra0 rataMbhe vaDe banele bhAga suyojita hato. makabarAnuM mukhya pravezadvAra mUlataH suMdara rUpAMkana dharAvatuM hatuM, je nAza pAmI gayuM che. pharasanA paththara paNa upaDI gayA che. 147 suratanI mulAM masjida ane mullAM daragAha--suratamAM mulAM muhammada alIe I.sa. 1722 mAM baMdhAvelI masjida "TAranI masjida' nAme oLakhAya che. cerasa ghATanI A ImAratanA upalA bhAgamAM agAsI kADhI e agAsInA madhya bhAgamAM UMcI pITha karIne enA upara moTo geLAdha ghATane ghUmaTa karelo che. agAsInA cAre khUNe eka eka UMco minAre karela hovAthI cAra minArA vacce gherAyelA ghUmaTa sahita samagra imAratane dekhAva bhavya lAge che. 148 amadAvAdane muhammada anavarakhAna bAbIne makabara-kAMkariyA taLAvathI dakSiNa bAju 600 vAra(5486 mITara)nA aMtare AvelI A ImArata I.sa. 1740 thI 1753 nA gALAmAM baMdhAI hovAnuM jaNAya che. 12 staMbhe vaDe racAtA kamAnAkAra para ene ghUmaTa Tekavela che. ghUmaTa aMdaranI bAjuthI nakazIkAma dharAve che. staMbhe varacenA khUNAonI jagyAmAM paththaranI pAMca phUTa (15 mITara) UMcI kataraNIyukta zilAo goThavI che. A makabarAmAM khaMDane pharate raza paNa karavAmAM AvyA che ane enA chAvaNa para nAnA ghATanA ghUmaTa karelA che. khaMDanI madhyamAM jovA maLatI be kabara ITathI caNelI ane upara plAsTara karelI che, paNa e mUlata: ArasanI hevAnuM kahevAya che. 149 suratanI khvAjA muhammada raphInI majida-18 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM suratamAM badAta zeThanA bhavya makAna pAse AvelI guMbajavALI ane heja sAthenI majida khvAja muhammada raphIe baMdhAvelI che. 150 amadAvAdanI navAba zAhajahAM khAna ane mamInakhAnanI masijada-mIrajhApuramAM rANI rUpamatInI majidathI thoDe dUra A masjida AvelI hatI. 19mI sadImAM e nAza pAmI ane ene sthAne raheNAka makAna

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya smArake [455 baMdhAI gayAM. mULa aDhI hajAra vAra(2286 mITara)thI paNa moTo vistAra dharAvatI A imArato paikI kevaLa 150 vAra (137 mITara) jagyA bacI che, jemAM thoDI kabara jaLavAI che. e paikI gujarAtanA sUbedAra momInakhAnanI ArasanI kabara judI tarI Ave che. enA paranA phArasI lekhamAM "mIrajhA muhammada jAphara najamuddaulA sAhanImomInakhAna" lakheluM che. momInakhAnanuM avasAna I.sa. 1742 mAM thayuM hatuM. navAba zAhajahAMkhAna vize kaMI hakIkata jANavA maLatI nathI." amadAvAdanI pIramadazAhanI masjida ane daragAha-A masjida pAnakeranAkAthI ghIkAMTA javAnA raste janI sivila hospiTala pAse AvelI che. sunnI vahorAo mATe A ITerI marijada 18mI sadInA madhyamAM baMdhAyelI hatI. bhajida bismAra thaI gaI che. enI pAsenI daragAhamAM pIramadazAhanI kabara che. A daragAha sArI rIte sacavAI che.15, amadAvAdanI baMgALI zailInI be daragAha-vAMsanA baMgALI jhuMpaDAnA ghATanA chAvaNavALI ImArata 17 mI sadInA pAchaLanA samayamAM uttara bhAratanA ghaNA bhAgomAM banavA lAgI hatI. gujarAtamAM paNa e zelIe A kAlanA aMta samaye keTalIka daragAha baMdhAI hatI. amadAvAdamAM AvI namUnedAra be daragAha zAhIbAga javAnA raste dariyAkhAnane dhUmaTanI sAmenA bhAgamAM AvelI che. A ITarI daragAhe cUnAnuM majabUta plAsTara dharAvatI lagabhaga corasa AkAranI imArata che (A. 38). emAM pUrva ane pazcima bAjue be-be ane uttara ane dakSiNa bAjue traNa-traNa pravezadvAra karelAM che. emAMnI eka daragAhanI eka bAjue be staMbha AgaLa kADhIne nAnI cokI karelI che. A daragAhe paranuM baMgALI jhUMpaDA-ghATanuM chAvaNa evI rIte kareluM che ke enA cAre khUNA nAce tarapha DhaLatA banavAthI cAreya bAju moTA kamAnAkAra racAya che. bahAra be cAyelA khUNAone alaMkRta karavA e cAreya khUNe cAra uparAMta dareka kamAnAkAranI uparanA madhya bhAgamAM eka eka ane chAvaNanA TocanA ghUmaTAkAranI madhyamAM eka ema badhAM maLIne nava padmAkAra suzobhana karelAM che. cakI paranuM chAvaNa paNa maMDapanA chAvaNa jevo ja ghATa dharAve che. 153

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456 ] sughala kAla pAdaTIpa 1. 2. bhI. joTa, - gUjarAtanuM pATanagara : amadAvAda, ' (gupA), pR. 57 9 [x. 2. ejana, pR. 59 3. bhIrAte ehamadI', bhAga 1 (guja. anu. kAjhI meAhammada nijhAmuddIna cistI phArUka), pR. 8 1. rAjagaDha ane zaherane pharatA koTa 4. 2. bhI joTa, uparyukta, pR. 113 6-7 2. bhI joTa, uparyu kta, pU. 115 8. A badhAM varNana mATe jue ejana, pR. 115-122. 9. jue 'mIrAte ehamadI' (gu. anu.), bhA. 1, pR. 6. 10. jue graMtha 5, pR. 414-415. 11. gujarAta sthaLanAma sa`sada vyAkhyAnamALA', bhAga. 1, pR. 191 12. rA. cu. medI, pATaNanA paricaya', pR, 11 13. bhIrAte ehamadI' (guja. anu.), bhA. 2, pR. 3 14. M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat (HG), Vol. II, p. 181 15. 'gujarAta sthaLanAma saMsada byAkhyAnamALA, bhA. 1, pR. 205 16. e. ma. paTela, 'suratanI tavArIkha', pR. 10-12 17. ejana, pR. 19-20 18. ejana, rR. 26-27 19, ejana, pR. 34 21. ejana, pR. 47 20. ejana, pR. 39 22-23. ejana, pR. 184-195; I. i. desAI, 'sUrata sAnAnI mUrata', pR. pa1-para 24. e. ma. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 59 25. I. i. desAI, uparyukta, pu. 85 26. e. kha. paTela, pR. 14; HG, Vol. II, p. 361 27. e. kha. paTela, pR. 187-189 haidara kulIkhAnanI mutsaddIgIrI (I.sa. 1710-1719) daramyAna tegamegakhAnanA khakSI muhammada raxIe traNa mALanA raphI buraja khaMdhAvelA. leAkavAyakA evI che ke zivAjIe e buraja parathI gheADI kudAvelI, para`tu vastuta: A khuraja zivAjI pachI lagabhaga 40 vaSe badhAyA che.--jue I. i. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 98. 28-29 e. ba. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 189-191; I. i. desAI, uparyuCkta, 5, 85-86 30. e. kha. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 61-62 31. za". ha. desAI, jUnAgaDha ane giranAra', pR. 15 upara uddhRta 32. ejana, pR. 15

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13 mu] sthApatyakIya smAra [457 33. ra, bhI. jeTa, khaMbhAtano itihAsa' (baMdha), pR. 54 upara udyuta 34. na. caM. bhaTTa, "khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana', pR. 124, 130 35. 2. bhI. jeTa, naMI, pR. 150 :34. A. S. Gadre, Important Inscriptions of the Baroda State, Vol. II, p. 9 37. HG, Vol. II, pp. 99-101; 2. bhI. jeTa, gUpA, pR. 638 38. Ibid, p. 118, n. 14 39. 2. bhI. jeTa, gUpa, pR. 639-40 40. HG, Vol. II, p. 118 41. I. I. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 32-33 42. ejana, pR. 27-28 :824. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. III: Kaira & Panch Mahals, p. 313; HG, Vol. II, p. 182 43. HG, Vol. II, pp. 447 f. 44. 2. bhI. jeTa, khaMi, pR. 59 45. e. ba. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 229 46. 2. bhI. jeTa, khaMi, pR. 151 47. e. ba. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 32 8924Broach District Gazetteer, pp. 740 f. 48. e. ba. paTela, uparyukta, pR. 198-99 49. ejana, 5, 19 50. A lekha je. je. vidyAbhavananA saMgrahAlayamAM surakSita che. enI vigato mATe juo E. L. Rapp, "An Armenian epigraph at Ahmedabad', Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XVII, pp. 22-25 51. e. ba. paTela, pR. 32 para. ejana pR. 46, 80 53. ejana, pR. 80; I. i. sAI, 5. 8 pakaa. HG, Vol. I[, p. 194 54. 2. mI. jeTa, khaMi, pR. 151 55. na. caM. bhaTTa, uparyukta, pR. 64 56-57. ejana, pR. 14ra 58. vigato mATe juo ha. gaM. zAstrI, "gujarAtanI prAcIna vAvo', "gujarAta dIpotsavI aMka', vi.saM. 2020, pR. 17. 59. vizeSa vigato mATe juo ha. gaM. zAstrI ane kAM. pU. semapurA, "amRtavarSiNa vAva", "kumAra", pu. 41, pR. 286-288. 60. vigato mATe juo K. F. Sompura, Structural Temples of Gujarat, pp. 233 fr; I. vi. trivedI, "gujarAtanA muslimakAlIna saMskRta abhilekhamAMthI maLatI mAhitI', pR. 335-363; nA. ke. bhaTTI, "nArAyaNa sarovara', pR. 10-16. 61, mIrAte ehamadI'. bhA. 2, pR. 144-156; The Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Supple ment, pp. 118 ff.

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458] ' mutha kAla (ga. 62. "mirAte ahamadI, bhA, 2, 5, 156-159; The Mirat-i-Ahmadi : Supple ment, pp. 128 ff. 63. "mapurA, uttarAi, ma 17-12 zrI. ratnamaNirAve A saMdarbhamAM kezvara khagadhArezvara dUdhezvara guNezvara brahmacArezvara-mANakevara piMcumaMdAka (niMbArka)tIrtha siddhatItha saptasArezvara gaNezatIrtha vaijanAthatIrtha ane zrIkSetra (sarakheja) tIrtha gaNuvyAM che (gRpA, pR. 661-662), 64. da ta. kaumArikAkhaMDa dharmAraNyakhaMDa revAkhaMDa nAgarakhaMDa ane prabhAsakhaMDa. vigato mATe juo umAzaMkara jozI, purANomAM gujarAta' (bhaugolika khaMDa). 64. mIrAte ehamadI', bhAga-2, pR. 165-167 84. K. F. Sompura, op. cit., pp. 223 f. 66. BG, Vol. 5, p. 221 67. muni jinavijaya, prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhA. 2, lekha 450 68. K. F. Sompura, op. cit., p. 226; vizAlavijayajI, "kAvI-gaMdhAra jhagaDiyA', 5, 7-8 18. muni jinavijaya, ejana, lekha 12 70. James Burgess, The Temple of Shatrunjaya and Palitana in | Kathiawad, pp. 25 f; 6. ke. zAstrI. "aitihAsika saMzodhana', pR. 192-193 71. aM. che. zAha, jainatIrtha sarvazagraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, 5. 104 12. J. Burgess, The Architectural Antiguities of Northern Gujarat, pp. 49 ff. 73. aM. che. zAha, uparyuMkA, pU. 61 74. vizAlavijayajI, uparyukta, pR. 5-7, 16-18 75. muni jayaMtavijayajI, "zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha', pR. 75-83, 144-149, 16-166 76 ejana, pR. 83-92 77. rAmasiMhajI ko. rAThoDa. "kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana', pR. 162 Uc D. P. Khakhkhar, Report on the Architectural and Archaeological Remains in the Province of Kacchh, p. 47 78. muni jinavijayajI, 'prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha', bhAga 2, lekha 277 80. pjhana, 9, 168-162; ka. bhA. dave, "aMbikA, keTezvara ane kuMbhAriyA', pR. 50-53 ma. jI. zeTha, zrI kuMbhAriyAjI tIrtha, pR. 16-19

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13 muM] sthApatyakIya samArake [459 81. "prAcIna jainasaMghara', mAna 2, 120 82. Burgess, The Temples of Shatrunjaya, pp. 20 f; "aM. ke. zAha, jaina tIrtha sarvasaMgraha, bhA.1, naM. 1, pR.106-107: du. ke. zAstrI, etihAsika saMzAdhana' pR. 185-187 <3. Khakhkhar, op. cit., No. 17. saMpAdake lekhanA vivaraNamAM jaNAvyuM che ke maMdira bhATiyA Thakakara jerAje ane enA putra Thakara TopaNe baMdhAveluM (p. 94), paraMtu lekhamAM to A maMdira jerAja ane gaMgAnA suta dhanarAje baMdhAvyuM hovAnuM spaSTa jaNAvyuM che. Dakara TopaNane nirdeza to gaMgAnA pitA tarIke karyo che ne e gajariyA vaMzano hato, jyAre jerAja Asara vaMzane hato. 84. Ibid, p. 46 85. Ibid, pp. 21ff; nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, "nArAyaNa sarovara', pR. 10-16. "nArAyaNa sarovaramAM ApelI keTalIka varSasaMkhyAo azuddha che. kalyANarAyanA ' maMdirane lekha pR. 14mAM saM. 19ra6ne ane pR. 15mAM saM. 1926ne jaNAvyuM. che. zrI khakhkhare e maMdiranuM nirmANa saM. 1885 mAM thayuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che e. anusAra ahIM e pachInI saM. 1926 nI varSasaMkhyA zuddha lAge che. 86-87 ranamaNirAva bhImarAva, somanAthe' pR. 15ra-169 88. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhAga 2, pR. 146-147 89. Cousens, Somanatha and Other Medieval Temples in Kathiawad, pp. 13 ff. 90. gu. rA. sAM. i., graMtha 5, pR. 92-93. vi.saM. 1297 (I.sa. 1241) mAM amadAvAdathI AvI mahamadazAhe dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira toDayuM evI sthAnika bAreTonI anukRti che ('dvArakA sarvisaMgraha, pR. 17), paraMtu amadAvAda to I.sa. 1411 mAM vasyuM. pATaNamAM paNa tyAre dilhI saltanatanI sattA sthapAI nahotI. dilhInA sulatAnanI vAta hoya to e itulmIza (mR. 1236)no trIjo putra muijhudIna baharAma (1240-1242) heI zake, paraMtu e mahamada' kahevAto nahoto. ene uttarAdhikArI alAuddIna masUda (1242-1246) hato. mahamada to eneya uttarAdhikArI nAsiruddIna mahamUda (1246-1265) hoI zake, paraMtu ene samaya saM. 1301 thI vahelo hoI zake nahi. vadhAre saMbhavita e che ke amadAvAdane sulatAna mahamada te gujarAtane sulatAna mahamUda begaDo hovo joIe. ne A anuzrutimAM enA AkramaNano khare samaya vi.saM. 15ra9 (I.sa.1473) joI e1-92. kAM. pU. semapurA, zrIdvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira, dvArakA sarvasaMgraha", pR. 258 93-97. ejana, pR. 258-260 98. ejana, pR. 261-264 9. ejana, pR. 260-261 100. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhAga 2, pR. 148

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mughala kAla [ 5. 11. puSkarabhAI gokANI, beTa zaMkhe dvAra, dvArakA sarvasaMgraha", pR. 11-1ra 12. narottama vALaMda, bahucarAjI', pR. 47-49 103. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhAga 2, pR. 153155 103 a. 6. ke. zAstrI, gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAne, pR. 105 104. ka. bhA. dave, "aMbikA, koTezvara ane kuMbhAriyA', pR. 100-102; Sompura, Structural Temples of Gujarat, p. 229 204. R. N. Mehta, "Gadadhar Temple at Shamlaji, Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda, Vol. XV, No. 1. pp. 91 ff. 101. A videzIe A pratimAone bhUlathI strIonI mAnI lIdhelI, paraMtu vastuta: e tIrthakaronI hatI. ( 107. te te tIrthaMkaranAM yakSa tathA yakSiNanI. 108. M. S. Commissariat, Mandelslo's Travels in Western India, pp. 24 f.; Studies in the History of Gujarat, Appendix C 109, 2. bhI. jeTa, gRpA, pR. 736-737 110. tAkAta 111. "mIrAte ehamadI', bhAga 1, pR. rara7 222. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, p. 60 113-114 Ibid., p. 57 115. Ibid, pp. 58 f, 116. Ibid, p. 60 117. maganalAla vakhatacaMda, amadAvAdane itihAsa', pR. 66-67 118. jhi a. desAI, gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbha sUci', khaMDa 6 : arabI-phArasI abhile, kamAMka 32 thI 517 119. HG, Vol. II, pp. 21-22, note 8 -220. J. Fergusson, Architecture at Ahmedabad, pp. 63 & 92; Burgess and Cousens, Muslim Architecture of Ahmedabad (MAA), Pt. II, pp. 51 . 121. HG, Vol. II, p. 37 12. Ibid, pp. 56-57 & 64 1ra3. MAA, pt. I, pp. 53-54 124. J. Fergusson, op. cit, p. 93 1. A vidvAnanuM I.sa. 1961-62nA arasAmAM avasAna thatAM emane e masjida pAse ja daphanAvavAmAM AvelA. juo HG, p. 47, note 16. 1ra6. Ibid, p. 47. 127-128. I. I. desAI. uparyukta, pR. 17 224. Burgess & Cousens, Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat, pp. 68 f.

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sthApatyakIya smArakA 13su' ] 130. MAA, Pt. II, pp. 75 f. 232. Ibid., pp. 67 f. 134-135. Ibid., p. 184 13. Ibid., p. 55 13. MAA, Pt. II, pp. 78 f. 180. MAA, Pt. II, P. 61 182. MAA, Pt. II, p. 62 xx, MAA, Pt. II, p. 62 285. Fa H ga ibid., Pt. II, p. 69, figure 8. [ 41. 132. Ibid., p. 66133. HG, Vol. II, p. 183 139. Ibid., p. 55; HG, Vol. II, p. 184 23. HG, Vol. II, p. 195 282. HG, Vol. II, p. 195, note 27 283. Ibid., p. 62; HG, Vol. II, p. 196 28ch. Ibid., pp. 62-63. 10. Ibid., pp. 53-55 148. I. i. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 94; AkRti mATe jue ejana, pR. 107, 150. I. i. desAI, uparyukta, pR. 98 xe. MAA, Pt. II, pp. 82 f. 151. MAA, Pt. II, pp. 68 f.; ra. bhI. joTa, gupA, pR. 645-46 24. MAA, Pt. II, p. 71 243. Ibid., p. 80; figure 10

Page #489
prakaraNa 14 zilpakRtio mughala kAlamAM gujarAtamAM zAMti akSuNNa rahI, prajAnI AbAdI paNa vadhI ane gujarAtanAM zipa-sthApatyanA vikAsanI daDamajala bamaNA vegathI AgaLa *pI. mughala bAdazAheAnI udAra dha`sahiSNu nItine kAraNe krUrIthI vizALa saMkhyAmAM maMdira paNa baMdhAyAM te mukhya sevya pratimA sAthe ma MdiranA suze.bhana mATenAM zilpe|tuM paNa nirmANa baheALA pramANamAM thavA lAgyuM. A samayanAM paththara dhAtu ane kASThanAM zilpa vipula pramANamAM maLe che. e paikI paththaranAM ziddhapeAnI kakSA kaMIka UtaratI jaNAya che, paNa dhAtu ane kASThanAM zilpa enI tulanAe unnata jaNAya che. A kAlanAM zilpeonAM keTalAMka taidhapAtra lakSaNa nIce pramANe che: 1. prAcIna kAlamAM zilpakalAmAM manuSya-AkRtine prAdhAnya apAtuM, paraMtu muslima kAlamAM islAmI sthApatya tarapha vadhu dhyAna apAyu ne emAM mUrtione sthAne nakazIkAma jALIkAma geAkha minArA vagerenI racanAne prAdhAnya maLyu, AthI zipIenAM TAMkaNAMmAMthI manuSya-AkRti ja sarI gaI. pariNAme saltanata kAla ane mughala kAlamAM racAyelAM manuSya-zilpa vadhu nirjIva ane bhAva vagaranAM lAge che. 1 2. uttama kArIgara muslima sthApatyanA nirmANukA mAM rAkAyA ane sAmAnya sthAnika kArIgare mUrtionA dhaDataranuM kAma karavA lAgyA. pariNAme A samayanI zilpakRtimAM lokakalA ane sthAnika kalAnAM tattva umerAyAM ane hiMdu mUrtividhAna ke dharmAMzAstrAmAM jemanA vidhAna ke nAmanA ullekha paNa maLatA na heAya tevA grAmadevatAonAM paNa zilpa banavA lAgyAM. kArIgarAe zilpazAstranA pUratA jJAnanA abhAve mUrtionAM Ayudha tathA vAhana vagerenI AbatamAM paNa ghaNI visaMgatanA UbhI karI. 3. smRti enA zarIranAM aMgeAnAM pramANamApa paNujaLavAyAM nahi pariNAme A kALanI mUtio dhaNe bhAge kaDha MgI jaNAya che. manuSya-AkRtimAM paNa mAthu

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14 su^] zilpakRtio [463 lADavA jevuM gALa, caherA ceArasa ke pAnAkAra, AMkha nA4 dADhI prANI vagere sthAneme geALAIne balle khUNA, paheALA khabhA, sAMkaDI kamara, bhAre nitaMba, IMDA jevA pAtaLA ane lAMbA hAthapaga vagere jovA maLe che. 4. A kAla daramyAna vaiSNava-puSTi saMpradAyane gujarAtamAM vyApaka prasAra thatAM enI sevApaddhatine anurUpa evI pratimAo dhaDAvA lAgI. badhI bAjuthI ghaDelI A mUrtione rAta-divasa ke Rtu anusAra vastrAlaMkArathI suzaeNAlita karI zakAya evI racanA karavAmAM AvI mUrtimAM yathAsthAne khAMcA ke kANAM paNa rAkhavAmAM AvatAM, jethI vastrAlaMkAra barAbara cipakAvIne paherAvI zakAya. 5. A samaye vaiSNava dharma ane jaina dharmanA protsAhanathI dhAtukalAnA vikAsa thayeA. saltanata kAla daramyAna jAhera madirAnA bAMdhakAmanI pravRti maMda paDI hAI dharaderAsarA ane nAnAM gRhama dizanAM nirmANakAya ne vega maLyo hatA. maMdiranI bhavya pratimAone badale dha tunI (mukhyatve pittaLanI) laghu pratimAne devasevAmAM upayAga thavA lAgyA hatA. vaLI jaitAmAM eka evI dhArmika para parA UbhI thaI hatI ke judA judA tIrthaMkarono tathA teenAM yakSayakSIonI mUrti e bharAvIne (DhAvIne) maMdiramAM zubha prasa Mge bheTa ApavI. 'bi'ba' bharAvavAnI A pravRttinA A kAlamAM khUba vikAsa thayA, AvI pratimAonA parikaranA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM dAtAnuM nAma, kalAkAranuM nAma, maMdiranuM nAma tathA sa Mvata paNa koravAnI prathA hatI, je Aje paNa cAlu che. pariNAme aneka jaina maMdirAmAM A samayanI asaMkhya kalAtmaka dhAtupratimA paNa upalabdha che. madirAmAMthI nAnI pratimAe meLavIne dharaderAsaramAM,paNa sthApita karavAmAM AvatI. dhArmika utsaveAmAM AvI cala pratimAonA zAbhAyAtrAmAM paNa upayAga karavAmAM AvatA. vaiSNavasaMpradAyanAM gRhasevAmAM dhAtunI laghu pratimAonA upayeAga zarU thayA.2 vallabha- soMpradAyamAM kRSNanAM vibhinna bALa svarUpe) tathA anya svarUpanI sevAnuM mahattva heI khAlagApALa lAlajI lADu-gApAla veNu-gApAla muralIdhara rAdhAkRSNa vagere vibhinna prakAranI viziSTa dhAtupratimAonuM nirmANa thayuM. vaiSNuva saMpradAyanAM aneka madirAmAM gevardhananAthajI trIkamajI dvArakAdhIzajI vagerenI paththaranI sevya pratimA sAthe kRSNanAM A bhinna svarUpAnI dhAtu pratimAo paNa vipula pramANamAM jovA maLe che. gujarAtamAM kaI paNa custa vaiSNavanA gharamAM paNa A ravarUpa pUjAtAM jovA maLe che. A senya pratimA sAthe ja mukhya deva-devIone sa Mbaddha yakSa-yakSI cAmaradhAriNI paricAraka paricArikA dIpalakSmI vagerenAM vaividhyapUrNa zipa, surasuMdarI ane judAM judAM pakSIothI suze|bhita dIpamAlikA, sAMkaLavALA laTakatA kalAtmaka pazupakSIonAM

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mughala kAla zivALA haMsadIpa gajadIpa azvadIpa kamaladIpa, dhUpadAnI, suMdara nAgakanyAo ane dIpakanyAothI suzobhita AratI vagere aneka prakAranAM dhAtuzilpanuM nirmANa paNa A samayamAM thayuM. A dIpa vagere zi9pa devatAne bheTa ApavAnA hetu mATe taiyAra karavAmAM AvatAM. zAstromAM dIpadAnane zreSTha dAna gaNavAmAM AvyuM hoI kalAkAroe vividha prakAranAM zipothI dIpa taiyAra karavAmAM pitAnI kalAzakti kAme lagADI hatI. A samaya daramyAna gRha-upayogI cIjavastuomAM paNa vibhinna prakAranAM kalAmaya dhAtuzilpono upayoga kalAkAroe karyo, jemake vividha pazupakSI pUtaLIo vagerenAM zilpothI yukta hIMcakA sAMkaLo rAcaracIluM vagere. A samayanAM dhAtuzilpano moTo gauravamaya vAraso gujarAtanAM keTalAMka gharomAM ane maMdiromAM temaja saMgrahAlayamAM sacavAyo che. A samayanAM dhAtuzinAM mahatvanAM kedromAM DabhoI vIsanagara ane zihera (saurASTra) prasiddha che. A samayanAM dhAtuzilpamAM manuSya-AkRtionA caherA ekasarakhA ane bIbAMDhALa vadhu lAge che. enuM kAraNa AgaLa joyuM tema vaiSNava ane jemAM sevya pratibhA ane anya saMbaddha pratimAonI mAMga vadhu hovAne laI enuM nirmANakArya paNa vipula pramANamAM thavA lAgyuM. pariNAme pratimAonA caherAomAM vaividhya AvavAne badale e bIbADhALa banI gayA. 6. gujarAtamAM lagabhaga 12 mI sadIthI kASThakalAne vikAsa zarU thayo, paraMtu lAkaDuM a9pajIvI hAI enA prAcIna namUnA javalle ja upalabdha thAya che. prastuta kAla daramyAna A kalA enA vikAsanA caramabiMdu para pahoMcI hatI. enA aneka namUnA Aje paNa upalabdha che. gujarAtanI A kASTha-zi95 zailIe bhAratIya kalAnA itihAsamAM sArI pratiSThA meLavI che, joke A kalAno preraNAstrota paNa selaMkIkAlIna zreSTha prastarakalA ja hatI. A samayamAM keTalAMka gujarAtI kASThazilpa para khAsa karIne surasuMdarIo parIo gaMdharvo vagere zipanAM vezabhUSA mukuTa pAghaDI vAji - vagere bAbatamAM mukhyatve sthAnika ane keTaleka aMze mAravADI tema thoDe aMze mughala tanI asara jovA maLe che. kASThakAmamAM manuSya-AkRtio zreSTha na gaNAya. caherA moTA ane corasa ane AMkho phADelI visphArita hoya tevI jaNAya che. Ama chatAM suzobhana, vibhinna prakAranI vAnaspatika ane bhaumitika AkRtio, pazupakSInAM zilpa, jALIkAma vagerenI racanAmAM A samayanI kASThakalA zreSTha puravAra thaI che. mughala kAle daramyAna maMdira nirmANa pravRttine vega maLatAM paththaranI sAthe lAkaDAne upayoga paNa vadhyo. maMdire gharaderAsare makAno havelIo vageremAM suzobhananA hetu mATe sthApatyakalAnA aMga tarIke kArDazilpane upayoga chuTathI thavA lAgyo.

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14*} kSitie [465 A kAlanAM zipeAnI eka mahattvanI lAkSaNikatA e che ke emAM prAcIna zilpakalAnI cetanatA mAvatA vagere jovA maLatAM nathI, paNa emAM tatkAlIna vastraparidhAna alakArA kezakalA vagerenuM pratibiMba jovA maLe che, madirAnA saDaeNAvara paranI zilpapaTTikAo ane lAkaDAnI zilpapaTTikA para paNa A samayanA rivAjo-utsavanuM Alekhana thayeluM jovA maLe che. 1. hiMdu-jaina pASANa-zilpA zAmaLAjI(ji. sAbarakAMThA)nu gadAdhara maMdira zilpakhacita che. madiranA garbhagRhamAM viSNunA trivikrama svarUpanI caturbhuja pratimA sthApelI che, je mukhya sevya pratimA che. A pratimA DuMgarapuranA pArevA paththaramAMthI dhaDelI ane 69 se.mI, jeTalI UMcI che. garbhagRhanI dIvAlA sAdI chatAM enI pUrvanI bhittimAM vaiSNava devatAnI tathA dakSiNe pAtInI pratimA jaDelI che, maMdiranA trIjA majalA upara maMDapanuM padmazilAyukta uti prakAranuM kalAtmaka vitAna che, jenA rUpakaMThamAM 16 vidyAdharAnI suMdara pUtaLIo gADavelI che. maMdiranI zRMgAracAkIonuM vitAna paNa ATha kRSNa-gepIenAM zithI suzaeNAbhita che. ma MdiranA pravezadvAranI rakSA karatA e hAthInAM pUrNa kadanAM zilpa tathA garbhagRha ane maMDapanA bhadra AgaLanAM hAthInAM (pAMca joDI) zilpa darzanAthInuM dhyAna khe Mce che, A sivAya madiranAM staMbha tAraNa maDAvara vagere vibhinna prakAranI bhaumitika AkRtio, puSpAMkita nakazI tathA kIcakA, kIrti mukhA, pazupakSIo, mAnavA, deva-devI, kiMtarA,gadhaC vagere judA judA prakAranAM vipula zilpethI suzAbhita che. A zilpa mukhyatve a-mRta prakAranAM ane rUDha paddhatie dhaDavAmAM AvelAM jaNAya che. A madiranAM devatAonAM mahattvanAM zipeAmAM yama kuera IzAna agni nizrRti iMdra vAyu varuNa vagere dikpAlA temaja vibhinna mudrAmAM beThelA UbhelA ke nRtya karatA gaNeza vagerenAM kalAmaya zilpene samAveza thAya che. zivanAM vibhinna svarUpavALAM zipa paNa ahIM jovA maLe che, jemAM maMdiranA dakSiNa-jharUkhAmAM cha bhujAe vALA zivanuM sauthI suMdara zilpa AveluM che, emanA hAthamAM mAlA daMDa trizULa nAga khaDvAMga ane kama'DaLa dhAraNa karela che. pAse emanuM vAhana naMdI paNa che. maMDAvara para viSNunAM e zipa-eka nRtyamudrAmAM ane khIjuM garuDArUDha lakSmInArAyaNu. svarUpa kaMDAravAmAM AvyAM che. maMDapanI vedikA para trivikrama svarUpa viSNunu zrRti.-6-30

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466] mutha kAla tathA tAraNe 5ra 5Na viSNunAM zilpa kaMDAravAmAM AvyAM che. devIonAM zilpamAM IMdrANI svAhA yamI tathA vaiSNavI devInAM judAM judAM svarUpone samAveza thAya che. upara ta vividha nRtyamudrAomAM suMdara alaMkArothI zobhita devAMganAonAM zi95 tathA dhotI paherelA, dADhIvALA ke dADhI vagaranA kamaMDalu dhAraNa karelA tApa(sAdhuo)nAM zilpa paNa dhyAna kheMce che. A maMdiranA judA judA naratharamAM rAmAyaNa bhAgavata tathA purANonA prasaMgone AvarI letI zi955phrikAo (A. 39-40) vizeSa mahattvanI che. jemAM rAmavanavAsa, vAnarasenA sAthe dhanuSabANathI sajaja rAma, sAta vRkSone eka ja bANathI vIMdhatA rAma, suvarNamRga ane mArIcava, sItAharaNa, rAvaNajaTAyuyuddha, laMkA para rAmanI caDAI, kuMbhakarNanI ghora nidrAmAMthI jAgRti, laMkAvijaya pachI rAma-sItA milApa vagere rAmAyaNanAM dazya ApelAM che. bhAgavatanAM domAM navajAta zizu bAlakRSNane TopalAmAM laIne vasudevanuM gokulagamana, gekulamAM kRSNa janmotsava, pUtanAvadha, kAlIyamardana, yamalAjuna vRkSono uddhAra, dANalIlA, vastraraharaNa vagere kathAnakavALI zilpAdikAone samAveza thAya che. A sivAya bIjA paNa aneka paurANika ane sAmajika prasaMgone zilpa-paTTikAmAM kaMDAravAmAM AvyA che. kalAkAroe A badhAM zipamAM paraMparAnuM ThIka ThIka anukaraNa karyuM che. e dvArA tatkAlIna vezabhUSA vize jANakArI maLe che.' A kAlanuM bIjuM bhavya maMdira che dvArakAdhIzanuM jagatamaMdienI mukhya mU DuMgarapuranA zyAma pASANanI banelI 69 se.mI. UMcI trivikrama svarUpanI che. emanA hAthamAM anukrame padma gadA cakra ane zaMkha che. A uparAMta garbhagRhamAM ja dIvAlenA bhagavAkSamAM pUrva tathA dakSiNe trivikramanI tathA uttare lakSmInArAyaNanI yugalamUrti AvelI che, jyAre maMDovara ( bahAranI dIvAlo)nAM gavAkSomAM aSTadikapAla kaMDArela che. agnikoNathI zarU karatAM anukrame agni (khaMDita), IMdra (upalA be hAthamAM aMkuza ane vaja), IzAna (upalA be hAthamAM trizaLa ane sarSa), kubera (upalA be hAthamAM aMkuza ane dravyanidhi tathA jamaNI bAju vAhana hAthI), vAyu(hAtha khaMDita, paNa vAhana haraNa spaSTa), varuNa (hAtha khaMDita), niti tathA yama (eka hAthamAM kuTa) AvelA che. A prakAranuM zilpasuzobhana maMDovaranA cAra bhajalAonA pratirathAdi gavAkSamAM paNa jovA maLe che. maMdiranA pazcima taraphanA gavAkSamAM beThelA caturbhuja viSNunuM suMdara zi95 AveluM che, jyAre zRMgAracokIomAM bhadrabhAganAM sauthI uparanAM mathALAM vyAla-zilpothI suzobhita che." jagatamaMdira sivAya tyAM trivikramajI veNImAdhava pradyumnajI puruSottamajI vagere maMdira paNa AvelAM che. A maMdiranI sevya pratimAo paNa A ja samayanI che.

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14muM] zie5tie (467 viMjhANa(tA. abaDAsA)nA rakhezvara mahAdevanA garbhagRhanI madhyamAM zivaliMga ane sAmI dIvAlanA gokhamAM pArvatI ane gaNapatinI mUrtio AvelI che. maMDevara para zilpatharo tathA paurANika AkRtio kaMDArelI che. mukhya ghUmaTane vitAna udita prakArane pAkAra che temAM ATha kahAna ane ATha gopIonI suMdara pUtaLIo najare paDe che. bAjunA be maMDapa paikI ekamAM hanumAnanI ane bIjAmAM mahiSAsuramardinInI kadAvara pratimAo sthApelI che. nArAyaNa sarovara(kaccha)nA trIkamarAyajInuM maMdira vi.saM. 1790(I.sa. 1734)mAM kacachanA mahArAva dezaLajInAM paTarANI mahAkuMvarabAe baMdhAvela ane e ja varSamAM caturbhuja trIkamarAyajInI mukhya mUrti emAM pratiSThita karAvela. pArevA paththaranI A mUrtimAM samabhaMgAvasthAmAM UbhelA devanI DAbI tarapha viSNunA jaya-vijaya nAmanA anucara che. mUrtinA cAra hAthamAM anukrame padma gadA cakra ane zaMkha che. viSNunAM evI svarUpe paikInuM A trivikramanuM svarUpa gujarAtamAM ghaNuM prasiddha che. mUrtinI pIThikA nIce deDheka phUTa UMcI virAsanamAM aMjali mudrAmAM garuDanI mUrti che. DAbA pagamAM thaIne peTa sudhI jADelA hAthanI nIce lAMbe sapa che. enI pheNa joDAyelA hAtha nIce Ave che. garuDanI mUrtinA zilpakAma para kASThakalAnI asara jaNAya che e noMdhapAtra che. A trIkamarAyajInA maMdira pAse lakSmInArAyaNanuM maMdira AveluM che temAMnI zyAma pASANanI lakSmInArAyaNanI yugalamUti paNa A A ja samayamAM sthapAyelI che. A uparAMta tyAM AvelAM bIjA dvArakAdhIzajI AdinArAyaNa govardhanarAyajI raNachoDarAyajI tathA lakSmIjI vagerenAM maMdiramAMnI sevya pratimAo paNa A ja samayanI che. A pratimAomAM dvArakAdhIzajI athavA raNachoDajInI pratimA bIje badhe hoya che tema caturbhuja trivikrama svarUpanI che. AdinArAyaNa ane govardhananAthajInI pratimAo paNa trivikrama svarUpanI che, jyAre lakSmIjInA maMdiramAM lakSmIjInI caturbhuja pratimA che. A badhI ja mUrtio kALA padAra ArasanI che. mirAte ahamadI' mujaba amadAvAdanuM asAravAnuM nIlakaMTha mahAdevanuM maMdira A samaya daramyAna baMdhAyuM che, jemAM eka dazabhuja gaNezanI UbhI pratimA AvelI che (A. 41). emanA hAthamAM bIjeruM gadA bANa aMkuza cakra pAza dhanuSa, daMta vagere najare paDe che. peTa para sapabaMdha che. kamara pharate vastra vIMTaLAyeluM dekhAya che. DAbe paDakhe siddhi ke buddhi devInI UbhI ladhu pratimA che. jamaNI tarapha nIce emanA vAhana uMdaranuM paNa zi95 che. gaNezano jaTAmukuTa, upavastra, devInAM vastrAlaMkAra, baMnenA caherAnA AkAra vagere A samayamAM UtaratI

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468 ] sughala kAla [". jatI zipazailInAM lakSaNa spaSTa kare, chatAM A samayanI pratimAemAM Ane uttama kakSAnI pratimA gaNI zakAya. iDaranI raNamala cAkInA gavAkSamAM nRtyagaNezanuM eka bhAravAhI zipa Avelu che. emanI nRtyamuddAmAM gatizIlatA lAvavAmAM kalAkArane saLatA maLI che. dvAra, kaTimekhalAthI bAMdheluM kaTivastra ane pAtraDI jevA geALa mukuTa viziSTa che. gaNezanI nIce emanuM mUSakavAhana laghu kadamAM kaDArelu che. haDAda(tA. kheDabrahmA) mAM dhorI mArga para eka makAnaghATanuM maMdira AveluM che tenA medAnamAM dIvAla pAse trimukha brahmAjInI A samayanI pratimA paDelI che. emanI mukhAkRti laMbagALa ane ka MIka vicitra AkAranI lAge che. emanA jamaNA hAthamAM sutra ane akSamALA, DAbA hAthamAM pustaka ane kamaMDaLa dhAraNa karela che, je dhATa vagaranAM che. zarIranAM aMga paNa pramANasara nathI. dADhI mughala DhabanI kAna sudhI laMbAyelI dekhAya che, jaTAmukuTa paN sAmAnya che. eka dare brahmAjInI pratimA kaDhaMgI ane cetana vagaranI jaNAya che. tarapha evI ja AkRtivALA e sevaEAnAM tathA haMsanAM zilpa kaDArelAM che. A kAlamAM zilpakalAnA keTalA hAsa thayA ane sthAnika tattvAtI enA para kevI asara paDI enA namUnA rUpa A pratimA gaNI zakAya. te gArAla (tA. IDara, ji. sAbarakAMThA) gAmamAM zAmaLAjInuM maMdira Avelu che temAM marakata zilAmAMthI dhaDelI 97 se.mI. UMcI viSNunA trivikrama svarUpanI pratimA sthApelI che(A. 42). emaNe cAra hAthamAM padma gadA cakra ane zaMkha dhAraNa karela che. bAjumAM pAghaDI paherelA che sevaka UbhA che. A pratimAnAM aMga-- upAMga sahita hAthanAM AMgaLAM ane pAmAM pramANamApanA koI khyAla rakhAye nathI. kAnanAM kuMDaLa dhAtunI dIpakanyAenA kAnamAM jovA maLe che tevAM kaDI jevAM jaNAya che. mukuTa paNa UMcA naLAkAra jevA dhAraNa karelA che. khaMbhAtanA mahAlakSmI maMdiramAM sapheda ArasanI lakSmIjInI mUrti (a. 43) A samayana che. emanI zarIraracanAmAM pramANamApanA kAI khyAla rakhAye| nathI. hAthapaga zarIranA pramANamAM ghaNA lAMbA che. gaLAnA hAra, hAMsaDI, paganAM kallAM, mulala citrazailImAM AvatA mukuTa jeve mukuTa, karabaddha avasthAmAM nIce te bAju pAghaDI paherIne beThelA sAdhue vageremAM madhyAttarakAlIna zilpakalAnAM lakSaNa tarI Ave che. mUrtinI AsapAsa laMbaceArasa ghATanA dazAvatAranA paTTavALA parikara che, vADaja-amadAvAdamAM kAzmIrA mahAdevamAM garuDArUDha zrIzmInArAyaNunI yugalamUrti AvelI che. paNakAra caherA, alaMkArA para khAsa karIne gaLAnA hAramAM,

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14 muM] zila5kRtio [469 sthAnika lokakalAne prabhAva, sAdAM Ayudha, haiTa jevo mukuTa, garuDane paNa pAghaDI dhATane mukuTa vagere A zilpanI vizeSatA che. khaMbhAtamAM mahAlakSmInA maMdiramAM A ja samayanI eka mahiSamardinInI mUrti che. A mUrti paNa A kAlanI kalAnA namUnArUpa che. gujarAtanI prAcIna zi95paraMparAmAM mahiSAsuramardinInI pratimAonA ravarUpamAM jovA maLatI gati ahIM jovA maLatI nathI. mAMDavI(kaccha)nA sudaravara maMdiranI suMdaravarajInI trivikrama svarUpanI sevya pratimA, amadAvAdanA khADiyAmAM Avela kAzI vizvanAtha maMdiranI vi. saM. 1640( I.sa. 1584)ne lekha dharAvatI trivikrama pratimA, bAkarola(tA. dazakroI, ji. amadAvAda)nI vi.saM. 1641 (I.sa. 1585) ne lekha dharAvatuM zAlabhaMjikAnuM zilpa, amadAvAdanA rakhiyAla vistAramAM Avela nIlakaMTha mahAdevanA maMdiranI pArvatInI pratimA, amadAvAdanI dozIvADAnI poLamAM Avela naTavaralAla zyAmalAlajInI havelInI veNugopAlanI dibhuja pratimA vagere paNa A kAlanI ullekhanIya pratimAo che. sAbalI-pratApagaDha (ji. sAbarakAMThA) gAmamAM digaMbara jaina maMdiramAM sahastraphaNA pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanI kALA ArasanI suMdara padmAsanastha pratimA sthApita karavAmAM AvI che (A.48), jenI pATalI para saMvata 1648(I.sa. 1592) lekha che emanA para chatra dharatA sahastra pheNavALA nAganuM zipakAma ghaNuM bArIka ane manahara che. paNa corasa mukhAkRti, meTI AMkhe, koNI pAsenA khUNuM, hatheLInuM ketarakAma, vALanI zailI vagere A samayanI kalAnAM lakSaNa darzAve che.* zatruMjaya pahADanI caumukhajInI Treka para Avela caumukhajInA maMdira ke caturmukha prAsAdanA vizALa garbhagRhamAM cAre bAjuthI kalAmaya kataraNIvALA ArasanA 60 se.mI. UMcA sihAsana para cAra dizAmAM meM rAkhIne padmAsanamAM beThelI AdinAthanI 33 mITara UcI cAra bhavya mUrti AvelI che temanI bhramara para ratno tathA chAtI, khabhA ane goThaNa para senAnAM patarAM maDhelAM che. keTalIka vAra mukuTa paNa paherAvavAmAM Ave che. A mUrtio para saM. 1675(I.sa. 1619) no lekha che. A maMdiranA aMtarAlanA gokhamAM pASANanI nAnImoTI aneka pratimA virAjamAna che. 11 * zatruMjaya pahADa upara DAbI tarapha bIjuM paNa eka AdIzvara bhagavAnanuM mukha maMdira AveluM che. A maMdira 21 siMha, 4 ginI, 10 dipAla, jina mUtiothI yukta cAre tarapha suMdara devakulikAo, 32 pUtaLI ane 32

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47] sughala mAla [.. tAraNu vagerethI suzAsita che. ga`ddAra pAse gajArUDha nAbhirAja tathA marudevInI mUti e dekhAya che.12 A sivAya paNa zatrujaya pahADa para neminAtha zAMtinAtha pArzvanAtha dharmAMnAtha sumatinAtha vagere tIthaMkarAnAM bIjA aneka maMdira A samayamAM baMdhAyAM, emAM hajArAnI saMkhyAmAM A kAlanI jaina mUrtie saMgrahAyelI che. amadAvAdamAM jhaverIvADanI sabhavanAthanI khaDakImAM zrI saMbhavanAthanuM prAcIna maMdira Avelu che tenA bheAMyarAmAM saMbhavanAthanI pUrNa kada karatAM paNa vizALakAya pratimA AvelI che. sapheda ArasamAMthI kaDArelI A pratimA khUba ja prabhAvAtpAdaka che. enI AsapAsa kalAtmaka darzanIya parikara Avela che. A parikara kAusaggiyA avasthAmAM UbhelA e tI kara tathA bArIka krAMtaraNIyukta staMbhA tathA gaMdharvAdi zilpothI yukta tArathI suzAbhita che. enA pamAsanI kAtaraNI paNa namUnedAra che. mUrti nIce savata 1659(I.sa. 1602-3)nA lekha che.13 amadAvAdamAM jhaverIvADamAM AvelI nIzApeALamAM jagavallabha pArzvanAtha bhagavAnanuM maMdira AveluM che tenA UMDA bhAMyarAmAM zrIpAnAtha bhagavAnanI sapheda ArasanI 1.8 mITara UMcI padmAsanastha pratimA sthApelI che. suMdara kalAmaya mukhamudrAmAMthI hAsya nItaryA karatu hoya ane e dakanA hRdayane AdghAti karyAM karatu hAya ema lAge che, khAsahunI kAtaraNI paNa kalAtmaka che. A mUrti sa'. 1659( I.sa. 1602-03)mAM pratiSThita karyAnA lekha che. nIce garbhadvAramAM UtaratAM ta upara pUjAnAM jhAMjha-pakhAja vagADatA bhakta-zrAvakA najare paDe che, je mughala kalAnA pratIka jevA che. 14 kuMbhAriyA(ArAsaNa)mAM prAcIna jaina maMdirasamUhamAM sauthI moTo teminAthaprAsAda che. neminAtha bhagavAnanI prAcIna mUrti (12 mI sadI) khakhaMDita thavAthI I.sa. 1618 mAM muni zrIvinayadevasUrijIe neminAthajInI navI mUrtinI punaHpratiSThA karAvI hAvAnA enA para lekha che. sapheda ArasanI e bhavya pratimA che. neminAthajI padmAsana avasthAmAM beThelA che. A sivAya tyAMnAM mahAvIrasvAmI tathA pArzvanAthanAM maMdiromAM paNa mULanAyakanI pratimAenI pratiSThA munizrI vijayadevasUrie A samayamAM karAvI hatI, 15 tIrthadhAma zatru Mjaya para vAdhaNupALamAM pravezatAM ja amIjharA pArzvanAthajInuM derAsara Ave che, jenA mULa nAyaka tarIke amIjharA pArzvanAthajI birAjamAna che. kALA ArasAMthI banAvelI A pratimA prabhAvazALI lAge che. bharataka para sAta phebruvALA nAganI pATalI nIce sa. 1791(4. 1734-35)nA lekha che. 16

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14 su"] zilpatie 2. hiMdu-jaina dhAtu-zilpa vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM 16 mI sadInA uttarArdhanI eka mahiSAsuramardinInI. aSTabhujAvALI suMdara pratimA sacavAyelI che. enA hAthamAM khagra gadA pAza trizala DhAla khaTvAMga kapAla ane mahilakuMDa dhAraNa karelA che. siMha pAse. tribhaMgayukta UbhelAM devI trizuLathI mahiSAsurano vadha karatAM jaNAya che. kheDabrahmAnA brahmAjI maMdiranA garbhagRhamAM keTalIka dhAtupratimAo paDelI che, jemAM mahiSamardinI viSNu tathA dIpalakSmInAM suMdara zilpono samAveza thAya che. mahiSamardinIe dasa hAthamAM paraMparAgata Ayudha dhAraNa karelAM che. devI tribhaMga avasthAmAM asurano vadha karatAM jaNAya che. viSNunI pratimAmAM caturbhuja deva samabhaMga sthitimAM UbhA che. emanA jamaNA hAthamAM gadA ane padma ane DAbA hAthamAM zaMkha ane cakra dhAraNa karelAM che. mastaka para sAdo mukuTa che. pAchaLa sAdo toraNAkAra parikara che. dIpakanyAnuM dehalAlitya tribhaMgamudrAmAM khIlI UThayuM che. jamaNe hAtha dIpaka dhAraNa karyo hoya tevI sthitimAM che ne DAbe hAtha kamara nIce laTakato rAkhela che. A traNenI pratimAomAM sAdo mukuTa, kAnanAM vasyAkAra ku DaLa, dADhI pAsethI trikoNAkAra ane ekaMdare corasa svarUpane cahero vagere jovA maLe che, je A samayanI kalAnAM lakSaNa darzAve che. amadAvAdanA dezIvADAnI poLamAM AvelA naTavaralAlajInA prasiddha vaiSNava maMdiramAM zrIkRSNanAM vibhinna svarUponI pittaLanI aneka dhAtupratimAo sacavAyelI che. emAM lAlajI veNugopAla ane rAdhAkRSNanI traNa suMdara sevya pratimAone samAveza thAya che. bALasvarUpa lAlajI bhAkharabhariyA sthitimAM beThelA che (A.45). be paga ane eka hAtha jamIna para TekavelA che ne eka hAthamAM lADu rAkhe che. A svarUpane 'lADugopAla" paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. mAthe goLa TopI ghATana kUmatAvALo mukuTa dhAraNa karelo che. veNugopAla (A. 46) page AMTI pADIne tribha gamAM UbhelA che. teo jamaNI tarapha baMsI rAkhI vagADatA hoya ema lAge che. emaNe sAde kirITamukuTa goLa kuMDaLa ane ghUMTaNa sudhInuM kaTivastra dhAraNa karela che. rAdhAkRSNanI paNa A ja svarUpanI pratimA che (A. 47). kRSNanI sthiti upara varNavyA mujaba baMsIvAdakanI che. bAjumAM rAdhA che. A baMne pratimAoveNugopAla ane rAdhAkRSNa-nI mukhAkRtio bIbADhALa lAge che. A kAlamAM manuSyAkRtiovALAM zipanA--pachI e deva-devI heya, cAmaradhArI hoya ke dIpakanyA hoya, paraMtu sahunA caherA ekasarakhA jovA maLe che. emAM khAsa pheraphAra jovA maLato nathI. Ama bIbADhALa caherA corasa ane valayAkAra kuMDala A kALanI dhAtupratimAonuM mahattvanuM lakSaNa che, je ahIM jovA maLe che.

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472] mughala kAle amadAvAdanA lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI vidyAmaMdiranA saMgrahamAM (digaMbara) pA. nAthanI eka padmAsanastha dhAtupratimA surakSita che. pratimAnuM pabAsaNa (gAdI) navagraha pardikA tathA AMTI pADIne beThelA be sarponAM ardhazilpothI suzobhita che. pArzvanAthajInI baMne tarapha dharaNendra ane padmAvatInAM be suMdara laghuzi95 karelAM che. pabAsaNanI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM saM. 1658(I.sa. 1601-02) lekha che. pratimAnuM mApa 13548 se.mI. che. e ja saMsthAmAM ekala mahAvIranA nAme oLakhAtI mahAvIra svAmInI padmAsana-virAjita dhAtunI suMdara pratimA AvelI che tenA laMbagoLAkAra kAna kalAmaya rIte khabhAne sparze che (A. 49). mukhAkRti saumya ane dhyAna mudrAmAM che. kamara parane cAMdIne sAda ka doro pratimA jaina zvetAMbara paMthanI hevAnuM sUcave che. karabaddhAvasthAmAM rahelAM AMgaLAM khaMDita che. nIce pATalI para saM. 1697(I.sa. 1640-41)ne lekha che. pratimAnuM mApa 1rapa89 se.mI. che. e saMsthAmAM bIjI paNa pArzvanAthajInI eka UbhI kAusagga dhAtupratimA surakSita che, je taddana nAnA kadanI 6245 seM.mI. mApanI che. paganI pAnIo khaMDita thaI gayelI che. mastaka para nAganI chAyA che. pratimA 17 mI sadInA pUrvArdhanI jaNAya che. vaDedarA myujhiyamanI InDiyana ArTa gelerImAM saMbhavanAthanI pittaLanI dhAtupratimA sacavAyelI che. enA parikaranA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM vi.saM. 1706(I.sa. 1649-50)ne lekha che. sukhAsanamAM birAjela saMbhavanAthanI saumya mukhAkRti ane pAchaLane kalAtmaka parikara darzanIya che. nIce pATalI para azvanuM lAMchana che. amadAvAda-jhaverIvADanA eka jaina maMdiramAM kalAtmaka parikara (paMcatIrthI)mAM paddamAsanastha tIrthakara vimalanAthanI pratimA (A. pa0) AvelI che. emanI kamara para cAMdIne kaMdoro che. paMcatIthInA staMbhamAM be padamAsanastha ane be kAusagga mudrAmAM tIrthakaranAM laghuzi95 kaMDArelAM che. enuM taraNu hasti-yugma, be gaMdharvo, mayUra vagere zilpathI suzobhita che. nIcenuM pabAsaNa paNa judI judI AkRtiothI suzobhita che. paMcatIthI para saM. 176(I.sa. 1649-50)ne lekha che. vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM 23mA tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthanI pittaLanI dhAtupratimA sacavAyelI che. pArzvanAtha padmAsana lagAvI dhyAnastha mudrAmAM beThelA che. marataka para nAganI chAyA che. emanI jamaNI bAju gajamukha pArzvayakSa che, jeNe be hAthamAM sapa ane bIjA be hAthamAM phaLa ane nakula dhAraNa karyA che. DAbI tarapha pakSI

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14 mu) ziha5tie 4i73 padmAvatI birAjamAna che. emanA hAthamAM pAza aMkuza kamala ane phaLa che. samagra pratimA pharate kalAtmaka parikara che. A pratimA 18 mI sadInA prAraMbhanI che. gujarAtamAM pArzvanAthanI dhAtupratimAo seMkaDonI saMkhyAmAM upalabdha che. dhArmiketara dhAtu-zipamAM dIpalakSmI ke dIpakakanyA, cAmaradhArI ane cAmaradhAriNI vagere prakAranAM asaMkhya zilpa A kAlanAM maLe che te paikI vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM saMgrahAyelAM keTalAMka zilpa nedhapAtra che : (1) cAmaradhArI puruSanuM zi95 mughala kalAne uttama namUno che (A. 51). enA mAthA para mughala DhabanI pAghaDI paherelI che. A ja prakAre dI5kanyAnA zilpamAM paNa mAthe mughala DhabanI pAghaDI jovA maLe che (A. 12). baMnenAM vastra paNa mughala ane mAravADI valaNanAM dyotaka che. A zipa gujarAtanA kalAtmaka dhAtukAmanA namUnArUpa che. emane samaya 17 mI sadInA uttarArdha gaNavAmAM Avyo che. (2) A samayanI aNahilavADa-pATaNanI cAmaradhAriNI( A. 53)nI paNa eka kalAtmaka dhAtupratimA ahIM saMgRhIta che. sAmAnya rIte mukhya devapratimAnI AsapAsa cAradhArI puruSa ke strInI pratimA ke emane saMbaddha pratimA goThavavAmAM Ave che. A cAmaradhAriNIne cAmaravALo DAbo hAtha UMco che. cAmarane bIjo cheDo kalAtmaka rIte enA mukuTa sAthe joDe che. jamaNo hAtha dIpaka dhAraNa karavA tatpara hoya e rIte rAkhela che. ahIM enA paga gopAlamudrAmAM (AMTI pADIne) rAkhelA che. DAbA khabhA parathI ghUTaNa sudhI laTakatuM upavastra ane kalAmaya rIte pahereluM kaTivastra enI suMdaratAmAM vadhAro kare che. parNakAra mukhAkRti ane moTI AMkho A samayanI zilpakRtionAM lakSaNa darzAve che. enI racanA 17 mI sadInA madhya bhAgamAM thayelI jaNAya che. 7 (3) 17 mI sadInA aMtabhAganI pATaNa-aNahilavADa vistAramAMthI maLelI dIpa-kanyAonI joDI paNa A myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM che. emAM baMnenI nAjuka dehayaSTi, lAMbA paga, nAnuM mAthuM, pIThane bhAga DhAMkatuM mAthA paranuM oDhaNuM, paganI ghUMTIthI saheja UMco caNiye, kamara sudhI laTakato eTala, vagere jotAM e sthAnika lokakalAnuM pratibaMba pADe che. emanAM vastro para mughala bhAta kotaravAmAM AvI che. emano UMco ane majabUta bAMdhe jotAM emanuM vyaktitva jAjaramAna lAge che. emaNe be hAtha dIpaka dhAraNa karyA hoya evI rithatimAM rAkhelA che. dIpakanyAonI A joDI gujarAtanI lokakalAnA namUnArUpa che. 8 (4) pittaLanuM eka moTuM kalAtmaka dIpavRkSa paNa ahIM pradarzita karavAmAM AvyuM che. mayUrAkAra pAyAvALA aSTakoNa bAjaTha para hAthInI pIThikA

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474 ] suyala phALa [n para ene gAvavAmAM AvyuM che ene dIpajJakSmI, mayUranAM aneka laghuzilpa ane dIvIethI suobhita karavAmAM AvyuM che. lagnasa Mge ke navarAtramAM garabI samaye temaja divALI jevA tahevArAmAM gujarAtamAM AvI dIpamALa pragaTAvavAne rivAja cAlyuM Ave che. saurASTramAMthI meLavavAmAM AvelA ne 120 se.mI. UMcA ane 85 se.mI. vyAsanA eka pittaLA dAbaDA dilhInA nezanala myujhiyamamAM prazi ta karavAmAM AvyA che (A. 54). ene krUratAM panihAra'nAM cha zikSpothI suzeAbhita karelA che. panihArInA caherA geALAkAra paNa upara-nIcethI saheja dabAyelA jovA maLe che. vaLI meATI AMkhA, bAMyavALu" kApaDuM, sAdo paNa gheravALA UMce dhAdhare,. mAthAnA pramANamAM nAnuM kheDuM vagere saurASTranI strInAM viziSTa nRva MzIya lakSaNu darzAve che. kADI lokeAmAM lagna vakhate AvA meTA dAbaDAmAM kariyAvarane sAmAna bharIne dIkarIne ApavAneA rivAja hatA. Aje paNa e rivAja cAlu che. A dAbaDAnI banAvaTa 18 mI sadInA prAra MbhanI mAnavAmAM AvI che. 19 A prakAre saurASTra ane gujarAtamAM aneka gRhaupayAgI vastue rAcaracIlu vagerene vividha prakAranI mAnava pazu-pakSI temaja bhaumitika AkRtie vagerethI zaNagAravAmAM AvatAM. A samayamAM aneka prakAranAM dhAtuzilpa gujarAtanAM jaina maMdira, vaiSNava madirA tathA anya hiMdu maMdirAmAM, saMsthA-sa`graDAyA temaja vyaktigata saMgrahAmAM sacavAyelAM che, jemAM vaDAdarAnuM barADA myujhiyama, vallabha vidyAnagaranuM saradAra paTela yunivarsi TI myujhiyama, kaccha-bhUjanuM myujhiyama, amadAvAdanuM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI prAcya vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda pATaNa ane khaMbhAtanAM jaina madirA ane bhaDAre amadAvAdanA dezIvADAnI pALanuM vaiSNava diranA saMgraha dhyAna kheMce eveA che.. A uparAMta khAnagI vyaktionA saMgrahamAM paNa deva-devIo, dIpakanyAo, pazupakSInA AkAranI sAMkaLavALA laTakatA dIpakeA, kalAtmaka zilpAvALI hIcakAnI sAMkaLA dhUpadAnI ane AratIe ane bIjI dharavaparAzanI aneka kalAtmaka cIjavastue jovA maLe che. 3. hiMdu-jaina kASTha-zilpA pATaNanA vADIpArzvanAthanA maMdiranI racanA samaye ( I.sa. 1594-96 ) sthApatyanA bhAgarUpe vividha prakAranAM su Mdara zipeAthI suzobhita ghUmaTavALe lAkaDAnA eka kalAtmaka maMDapa UbhA karelA hatA, je Aje nyUyorkanA meTropoliTana

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14 muM] zilpakRtio [475. myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. A maMDapa A kAlanI kASThazailIne uttama namUne che. enA ghUmaTamAM zobhatAM zilpamAM udita prakAranI suMdara kotaraNIvALI padmAkAra chataghUmaTamAM pharatAM surasuMdarIonAM ATha dila(bracket) zi9 ane vAhanayukta. aSTa dipAlanAM zipa najare paDe che. vaLI jharUkhAnuM kalAmaya tAraNa (A. 55),. enAM uttaraMga para padmAsanastha tIrthakara, be sevikA temaja nIcenAM bhAgamAM. gajalakSmI tathA surasuMdarIo ane nRtyAMganAo, maMDapanA gavAkSamAM deva-devIonAM zilpa vagereno samAveza thAya che. maMDapanAM A zi95 gujarAtI kalAnA jIvaMta. namUnArUpa che. pratyeka zilpa jIvaMta ane gatizIla lAge che A zilponAM vastraparidhAna, alaMkAra, mukuTane AkAra, e mana paranuM raMgakAma vagere bAbatamAM gujarAtanI paraMparAgata kalAnI asara jhAMkhI thatI jovA maLe che. * Avo ja lAkaDAne eka kalAtmaka maMDapa vaDedarA myujhiyamamAM I.sa 1947 thI saMgrahAyelo che. e mUlata: jUnA vaDodarA rAjyanA zinera vistArano heya. ema mAnavAmAM Ave che. maMDapanI racanA ane enA bhAga jotAM enI racanA koI eka ja samaye thayelI jaNAtI nathI, paraMtu 16mIthI 18mI sadI daramyAna nirmita. thayela vividha bhAgone joDIne e Ubho karavAmAM Avyo che. A maMDapa kaI jaina maMdiranA sthApatyano bhAga hato. A maMDapanAM mukhya zilpomAM 22 mA. tIrthakara neminAthane lagnotsava, vaibhava-saMsAra-tyAga ane emanA varazIdAnane mahatsava, jainAcAryanI zobhAyAtrA ane jenasamAja dvArA svAgata, vizvavijaya. mATe nIkaLatA cakravatI rAjA (bhArata)nA robhAyAtrA vagere vividha kathAprasaMga. kalA maka rIte AlekhatI kASTha zi955dikAone samAveza thAya che. uparAMta maMDapanA mukhya ghUmaTanA khUNA paranAM sura-suMdarI ane gAyikAone zilpa ghUmaTamAM vacce jhUlatAM cAra kiMvarIonAM zi95, lalitatribhaMgamAM veNudhara zrIkRSNanuM manorama zilpa, baMne bAju ekaeka sevikA ane ekaeka gajayukta. lakSmI, devAMganAo gaMdha gAyikAo dikapAle sAdhu zrAvaka yakSa-pakSIo vagerenAM zilpone paNa emAM samAveza thAya che. puSpAMkita AkRtio, mughala asaravALI kamAna ane pazupakSIonAM zilpa 5Na kalAtmaka rIte kaMDAravAmAM. AvyAM che. A maMDapanA vividha bhAgonuM nirmANa judA judA samaye thayuM hoI enAM. zilpa-sthApatyamAM gujarAta rAjaputAnA ane mughala vagere zailIono samanvaya thayelo. che. surasuMdarIo ane gAyikAonAM vastrAlaMkAra ane vAjiMtra para mughala zelInI spaSTa asara joI zakAya che. paraMparAgata kirITa ke karaMDa-mukuTane badale eka kAnathI.

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-476] mughala kAla ( bIjA kAna sudhI gaLAIvALA ane enA para suMdara toraNAkAra rUpAMkanavALA mukuTa dhyAna kheMce evA che. mughala zailImAM citronAM -khAsa karIne zrIkRSNanAM citromAM mukaTa para A prakAranI bhAta jovA maLe che. prAcIna gujarAtI zailImAM pakhavAja baMsarI vagere paraMparAgata vAjiMtra jovA maLe che, jyAre ahIM gAyaka-gAyikAonA hAthamAM zaraNAI taMbUra tabalAM vagere navIna vAjiMtra jovA maLe che, vastromAM paNa mughala piozAkanI asaravALA pAyajAmA ane ghUMTaNa sudhInA skarTa, laTakatI sevALAM eriMga, pAghaDI vagere najare paDe che. mAnavazilponI deharacanA tathA hAvabhAvamAM paNa parivartana mAluma paDe che. zipamAM zAstrIya vidhAnano abhAva ane lokakalA tathA sthAnika tanI asara varatAya che. deharacanAmAM pramANamApa jaLavAyAM nathI. moTA caherA ane meTI visphArita AMkho e A samayamAM mAnava AkRti kA-zilpanI vizeSatA che. 21 vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM lAkaDAnI dvArazAkhAne uttarAMgane eka bhAga sacavAyeluM che tenI racanA lagabhaga 17mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM thayelI che. emAM neminAtha rAjimatI sAthe lagnasava ane emanAM saMsAratyAganA kathAnakavALI kalAmaya suMdara zi955dikA najare paDe che. nIcenA bhAgamAM padmAsanastha sAta tIrthakaronAM zi95 kotaravAmAM AvyAM che. cheka uparanA bhAgamAM vibhinna tabakkAomAMthI pasAra thaI tIrthakaranI avasthAe pahoMcatA neminAthanuM karuNamaya zilpa, pAMkhevALA devatAo, vAjiMtro dhAraNa karelI surasuMdarIo vagerenAM zi95 dhyAnapAtra che. A kalAkRtine mUlavatAM zrI gaelsa jaNAve che ke vyaktigata zikSo tathA sAmUhika zipanI racanAnI bAbatamAM kalAkAre lIdhelI chUTa noMdhapAtra che. A kRtinAM keTalAka zilpa, jevAM ke devatAonAM UDatAM be zinI racanAmAM kalAkAre spaSTataH madhyakAlIna kalAmAMthI preraNA lIdhI che, jyAre dhArmika prasaMgavALI zilpapaTTikAmAM strIpuruSonAM suravAla jAmA pAghaDI tathA anya paheraveza vagere akabaranA darabAramAnAM darabArIonA pozAka jevA dekhAya che. vAjiMtro dhAraNa karelI be devIonAM pAMkhevALAM zilpa paNa mulakalAnI asaravALAM che. Ama A kRtimAM madhyakAlIna zAstrIya zilpazailI ane mughala zailIne samanvaya karavAne ratutya prayAsa jovA maLe che. 22 amadAvAdanI zAmaLAnI piALamAM AveluM zrI pArzvanAtha maMdira I.sa 1653 mAM nirmANa pAmyuM temAM lAkaDAmAM katarelAM tIrthakarenAM janma-mahesUvAdi do temaja pUtaLIo ane kalAtmaka TekAo najare paDe che. kASThakalAnI kArIgarInA uttama namUnA tarIke A maMdira kharekhara jovAlAyaka che. 23

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14 muM] zila5tie [47 17 mI sadInI pATaNanI gajalakSmInAM suMdara zilpavALI ane raMga karelI trikoNAkAra zi955phrikA paNa vaDedarA myujhiyamamAM sacavAyelI che. emAM devInA alaMkAre, mukuTa vagere para mughala kalAnAM tattva spaSTa joI zakAya che. 24 madala ane staMbhazIrSa paNa sthApatyanAM mahattvanAM aMga che. AthI kArIgaroe ene paNa vibhinna prakAranAM zilpa, jevAM ke phUla vela ane bhaumitika AkRtio hAthI mera jevAM prANa-zipa ke devAMganAonAM zilpa dvArA suzobhita karyA che. gujarAtamAM maLI AvatA kASThazipavALAM makAne ke maMdiramAM A prakAranAM aneka kalAtmaka madala jovA maLe che. emAM haLavadane jane rAjamahela, zrI gautama sArAbhAInuM hAselanuM makAna, kheDAnI zrI lakSmIrAma dhanezvaranI havelI vagerenAM taMbhazIrSa tathA madale uttama prakAranI vividha AkRtiothI suzobhita che.25 kheDAnI zrI lakSmIrAma dhanezvaranI havelInI dvArazAkhAnA uttarAMga para madhyamAM zrI gaNeza tathA AjubAju kalAtmaka cAmaradhAriNI ane abhiSeka karatA be hAthIonAM suMdara zilpa najare paDe che. phUlevelanI AkRtio, kalAtmaka ToDalA temaja suMdara bhaumitika rUpAMkanavALI chata vagere paNa dhyAna kheMce che. 18 mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM A havelInI racanA thayelI che. 24 18 mI sadInA prAraMbhamAM nirmANa pAmela pATaNanI eka havelIne bhAga zilpasthApatyane abhuta namUno pUro pADe che. enA sthApatyanuM dareka aMga-staMbha zISa kuMbhI chata dvArazAkha male pATaDA vagere vibhinna prakAranAM zilpothI ane bArIka kataraNIthI bharapUra che, jemAM havA-ujAsa mATeno nakazIdAra jALIonuM kotarakAma kalAnI caramasImArUpa che. 27 amadAvAdamAM nIzApoLamAM Avela jagavalalabha pArzvanAtha maMdiranuM sthApatya havelI prakAranuM che. ene AgaLano bhAga, khAsa karIne enI bArIo velabuTTAnI AkRtio tathA vividha prakAranAM zilparU pAkanethI samRddha che. enA pATaDA para hAthAnA mukhavALAM zipinI suMdara paTTI che. 28 amadAvAdamAM rAyapuramAM dhobInI poLamAM AvelA De. caMdrakAMta zaMkaralAlanA makAnanI kalAtmaka bArI nIce mayUra-mukharivALI suMdara paTTikA tathA puSAMkita AkRtiovALI teraNAkAra padikA kalAtmaka rIte karavAmAM AvI che. 29 : suratanA ciMtAmaNi derAsaranA vibhinna bhAga uttama prakAranI kotaraNI ane kASThazipothI samRddha che. emAM pArzvanAthanA alaMkRta toraNavALA gavAkSa, dvArazAkha mAla vagereno samAveza thAya che. A zilpa 16 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM jaNAya che. 30

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-48] mughala kAla A ja samayanuM amadAvAdanuM ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAthanuM maMdira paNuM adbhuta kASThaklAno paricaya Ape che. emAM pArzvanAthanA jIvananA pAMca prasaMga paMca-kalyANaka AlekhatI zi955dI mukhya che.' pATaNanA 17 mI sadInA eka jaina maMdiramAMthI judA judA prakAranAM vAjiMtra vagADatI surasuMdarIo ane gaMdharvonAM keTalAMka suMdara madala-zilpa amadAvAdanA -zAMtinAtha jaina maMdiranA vyavasthApakoe meLavyAM che. A zilpanA mukuTa rAjapUta-mughala zailInAM citromAM dekhAtA mukuTa jevA che (A. 56). emanA moTA caherA ane phADelI AMkho nedhapAtra che. emanA hAthamAM tatkAlIna loka-vAji jovA maLe che. A zi95 kharekhara kASThakalAnA utkRSTa namUnA che.32 pATaNA kAnazA pADAmAM joDAjoDa AvelAM be jaina maMdiro paikI ekamAM eka moTo (11421 mITara) mApane kalAtmaka kASThapaka dIvAlamAM jaDI devAmAM Avyo che. gujarAtamAM ATalo moTo kASTha-paTTa javalle ja jovA maLe che, jene nirmANakALa 17-18 sadIne gaNavAmAM Ave che. emAM uparanA bhAgamAM sametazikhara tatha ane nIce aSTa padArthanuM kotarakAma thayeluM. sametazikharamAM traNeya dizAmAM pharatI 20 TekarI tathA 20 devakulikA mUrtio sahita ketaravAmAM AvI che. vacce bhadevanI pratimAthI alaMkRta traNa zikharothI yukta suzobhita jalamaMdiranuM suMdara ane spa STa kotarakAma karavAmAM AvyuM che. uparAMta pahADa pakSIo nadI sarovara vRkSo vanarAjIo, tapa karatA munio, sametazikhara caDhatA-utaratA yAtrALu o vagerenuM tAdaza ane ramya AkRtiothI khIcokhIca kaMDArakAma karavAmAM AvyuM che. aSTApada parvata paNa vIsa tIrthakaronI pharatI zikharabaMdhI devakulikAothI zobhe che. A parvata AghatIrthakara RSabhadevanI nirvANabhUmi hoI maMdirane badale stUpa-racanA batAvI che, jeneMdhapAtra che. uparanA bhAge be cAradhArI Idra batAvavAmAM AvyA che. stUpanI jamaNI bAju taMtu vAgha bajAvato dazagrova rAvaNu ane DAbI bAju enI patnI maMdadarIne bhagavAna pAse nRtya karatI batAvI che. nIce sagaracakrInA putra tIrtharakSaNArthe khAI badI rahyA che, AjubAju tapa karatA munio batAvAyA che. Ama A tIrtha paTTa kASThakalAnI bahumUlya kalAkRti che.33 A sivAya paNa gujarAtanAM gAma ane nagaramAM aneka maMdiro havelIo cabutarA makAna vagere kASTakalAthI samRddha che; jemake haLavadano jUno rAjamahela, devAmAM AveluM pIrabakSa khesamabhAInuM makAna, porabaMdaranA saratAnajIne cerI tathA jUno darabAragaDha, pATaNanAM kuMbhAriyApADA ane ghAMgherapADAnAM jainamaMdira vagere 16 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM baMdhAyelAM che. jAmanagaramAM vaju kaMdoInA DahelAmAM

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14 muM] sihapatio T479 AveluM mUlacaMda parasottama mahetAnuM makAna, amadAvAda sAraMgapuramAM Avela dvArakAdhIza maMdira vagere 17 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM baMdhAyelAM che. amarelImAM nadIkinAre Avela mahaMta kezavadAsajInuM maMdira, pATaNamAM kapUra mahetAnA DahelAmAM Avela jainamaMdira, amadAvAdanA sI mahelAnuM De.saiyadanA tAheranuM makAna, sojitrA(ji. kheDA) mAM pIpaLa phaLiyAmAM Avela zrI narasiMhabhAI cunIbhAInuM makAna, bharUcamAM zukala zerInuM zrI ratanalAla hIrAlAla zelatanuM makAna, suratamAM lAlAThAkaranI piLa tathA uttamarAmanI zerImAM AvelAM jina maMdira tathA De. jamazedajI lazkarI mArga para Avela zrI vegIlAla jekizanadAsa tathA zrI caMdrakAMta maganalAla vakIlanAM makAna vagere 17mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM baMdhAyela che. jAmanagaramAM bhakImavADAmAM Avela bhakIma semacaMda kacarAbhAInuM makAna, amadAvAda-khADiyAnI bebInI poLamAM Avela zrI zaMkaralAlanAM makAna, vaLI tyAMnA saphI mahollAnuM zrI abdulahusena narudInanuM makAna, kAlupuramAM kALazAnI poLanuM zrI semacaMdabhAI parIkhanuM makAna, umareThanI traNa paLane raMga mahela, suratamAM rANI taLAva pAsenuM zrImatI kumudabahena zAMtilAlanuM makAna vagere 18 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvelAM che. A badhAM maMdiro havalIo ane makAnanAM judAM judAM sthApatyakIya aMge, jevAM ke staMbha kuMbhI zIrSa pATaDA ToDalA dvArazAkhA, madale jharUkhA chata gokhalAo vageremAM vividha prakAre gaNapati Adi devadevIo gaMdharvo surasuMdarIo pazu-pakSIonAM suMdara zilpa temaja bhAtabhAtanI phUla ane bhaumitika AkRtiovALI bArIka ane kalAtmaka kotaraNIone chUTathI upayoga kareluM jovA maLe che. 34 ke, paththara ane kASThanuM jALIkAma A samayanA jALIkAmamAM gujarAtanA saltanata kAla daramyAna vikaselI muslima zailAne saMparza spaSTa rIte ja dekhAI Ave che. IDaranA pahADanI raNamala cokInA jaina maMdiranI jALIo A kAlanAM lAkSaNika daSTAMtarUpe gaNAvI zakAya. emAM pupAMkita tathA bhaumitika AkRtionAM suzliSTa rUpAMkanane samanvaya karI kalAtmaka jALIonI racanA karavAmAM AvI che.35 kacachanA kalApremI rAjavI mahArAva lakhapatajInA rAjyakAla daramyAna kacchanI kalAkArIgIrIne ghaNuM uttejana maLyuM. kacchanA kalAdhara rAmasiMha mAlamanI dekharekha nIce bhUjamAM cilpa ane sthApatyanA namUnArUpa AyanA mahela taiyAra karAvyo temAM besIne mahArAje sAhityasarjana kareluM. A mahelanI dIvAla paranI uttama prakAranI nakazIvALI pattharanI jALIo khAsa dhyAna kheMce che (A. pa7). pUrNa kuMbhamAMthI

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480] | muthala kAla nIkaLatI sUryamukhInI phUlavelanI bhAta tathA kamAnamAM suMdara kalAdhara mayUranA zithI A jALIo suzobhita che. mughala kAlamAM paththaranI jALIo karatAM lAkaDAnI jALIonuM kotarakAma vadhu. bahoLA pramANamAM thayuM tenA aneka namUnA Aje upalabdha che. I.sa. 1709 mAM baMdhAyela haLavadanA rAjamahelanI dIvAlamAM jaDelI lAkaDAnI jALIo mughala kAlanA. prAraMbhanA jALIkAmane sAro namUno pUro pADe che. bArIka bhaumitika AkRtio ketarIne kalAtmaka rIte enI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. pATaNanA vADI-pArzvanAtha maMdirane lAkaDAne maMDapa, je hAla meTraoNliTana yujhiyama opha ArTa, nyUmAM sacavAyele che, tenI dIvAle suMdara ane kalAtmaka bhaumitika AkRtiovALI jALIonI banelI che. enI eka dIvAlamAM vaccenA bhAgamAM deva-devIo tathA surasuMdarIonAM zilpa, bArIka tiraNIvALAM taraNa, badale, grAsa-paTTI vagerethI suzobhita kalAtmaka jharUkho AveluM che. samagra maMDapa A kalAtmaka jALIothI zobhI rahyo che. AgaLa joyuM che tema A maMDapanuM nirmANa Isa. 1594 mAM thayuM che (juo A. 55). pATaNamAM judA judA prakAranI bhAtavALI lAkaDAnI jALIothI yukta eka makAnanI zrI bajese neMdha lIdhI che. puSpAMkita AkRtio, bhaumitika AkRtio, narayume, pakSI-yugala vagere AkRtione A makAnanI jALIomAM kalAtmaka rIte kaMDAravAmAM AvI che. A uparAMta makAnanuM pratyeka sthApatya-aMga-dvArazAkha jharUkho bArIo gokhalA madalo ToDalA vagere zilpa ane bArIka kataraNIthI khIcokhIca che. eka IMca paNa kotaraNa vagara bAkI rakhAyo nathI. pATaNa e. kASThakalAnuM keMdra hatuM, jyAM te siddhanI caramasImAe pahoMcI hatI. jene A addabhuta namUne che.37 5muslima rUpAMkana mughala kAla daramyAna islAmI sthApatyanI jema IslAmI zilpanA kSetre paNa avanati thayelI jovA maLe che. agAu majide ane makabarAmAM bhaumitika ane pupAMkita ema baMne rUpAMkane chUTe hAthe upayoga thato temaja teonuM aMkana kalAtmaka ane baLavAna thayeluM jovA maLatuM, paraMtu mughala kAlamAM rUpAMkananuM pramANa ghaTI gayeluM najare paDe che. upalabdha rUpAMkanamAM pupAMkana gauNa banelAM ne bhaumitika rUpAMkana mukhya banelAM jaNAya che. puSyAMkanemAM mukhyatve padmAkAra prajAtA jovA maLe che. rUpAMkanamAM ekaMdare agAunI zailInuM anukaraNa thayuM che, paNa agAune bhabhake varatAto nathI.

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14 muM]. ziha5kRtio [81 amadAvAdanI navAba saradArakhAnanI masjida ane navAba sujAtakhAnanI masjidanA minArAnA cheka upalI (cothA) majalAnI Toca para bhavya paThThAkAra karI enI madhyamAM nAnA kadanA ghUmaTa mUkayA che tethI minArAne dekhAva sarasa lAge che. alI khAna kAjhInI masjidanI dIvAmAM kaMDArelA gavAkSa manohara che. emAM vRtAkAre upara caDatI velemAM prasava pAmatAM puSpa ane patrathI suMdara AkRtio racAya che; alabatta, A rUpAMkana saltanatakAlIna gavAkSa (A. pa8). ane jALIonAM rUpAMkana jevuM kalAtmaka ane baLavAna nathI zekha vahuddInanA daragAhamAM baMne bAjunI dIvAlomAM pravezavAnA daravAjAone pharatI nAnA nAnA kadanI corasa ane laMbacorasa jALIo karelI che. A jALIomAM mukhyatve vaividhyapUrNa bhaumitika rUpAMkana najare paDe che. be mukhya daravAjA para taraNa kaMDArelAM che ne e teraNane baMne bAjuthI haMsa dhAraNa karI rahyA hoya evo ghATa Ape che. dIvAlanI cheka uparanA bhAgamAM vRttAkAra rUpAMkananI eka ADI hAra karelI che. emAM mukhyatve vividha tArAkAra kaMDArelA che. amara vAdana tane evsanA rojAmAM kabarane pharatI jALIdAra 5DadImAM puSpAMkana vizeSa jovA maLe che 38 pAdaTIpa 1. ra. nA. mahetA, vaDanagaranI zilpa samRddhi, "AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha", pR. 137-138 2. M. R. Majmudar, Gujarat : Its cultural Heritage, p. 64 :3. Ibid , p. 68; H. Goetz, 'The post Mediaval Sculptures of Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum & Picture Gallery" (BBMPG), Vol, V, Pts. I-II, p. 40. 8. R. N. Mehta, "Gadadhar Temples at Shamalaji', Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda, Vol. XV, pp. 91 ff. 5. kA. 6. semapurA, "zrI dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira', "dvArakA sarvasaMgraha", pR. 26ra 6. nA ke. bhaTTI, "nArAyaNa sarovara', pR. 11-13; rAmasiMha rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRti | darzana, pR. 56-58 7. ka, bhA. dave, gujarAtanuM mUtividhAna, pR. 153 8. Do. harilAla gaudAnI, "zAmaLAjInuM maMdira, gorola", "nUtana gujarAta', tA. 14-9-69 9, De. harilAla gaudAnI, " kAzmIra mahAdeva, vADajanI lakSmInArAyaNanI pratimA" "janasattA', tA. 3-3-74 10. che. harilAla gaudAnI, jaina maMdira, sAbalI', "nUtana gujarAta', tA. 1-ra-70 che.-6-31

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482] .. mue he 11. 6. ke. zAstrI, gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAne', pR. 16-70; aMga che. zAha, jaina tIrtha | sarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, khaMDa 1, 5. 106 12. Burgess, Temples of Satrunjaya, p. 25 13-14. aM. che. zAha, uparyukta, bhA. 1, naM. 1, pR. 11 15. ka. bhA. dave, "aMbikA, keTezvara ane kuMbhAriyA, 5. pa-15 16. sArAbhAI navAba, bhAratanAM jainatIrtho ane temanuM zilpa-sthApatya', pleTa 22, citra 12 17. Goetz, "Post-Medieval sculptures of Gujarat", BBMPG, Vol. | V, pts 1-II, p. 40 1. Goetz, op. cit., p. 41 and Goetz, 'The Pretty Archaic Style in Old Gujarat Sculpture', Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vol. VIII, pp. 113 ff. 19. "Decorative Arts-Bulletin of National Museum, New Delhi, No. 1, p. 15 20. BBMPG, Vol. V, pt. I-II, pp. 34 f.; M. R. Majmudar, Gujarat: Its Art Heritage, p. 64; R. K. Trivedi, Wood Carving of Guja. rat", (WCG) pp. 46-47 21. Goetz, "Gujarati Wood-Sculpture" (special issue); BBMPC, Vol. VI. pts. I-II; M. R. Majumdar, op. cit., p. 65; WCC, p. 46 22. BBMEG, Vol. V, pt. -II, p. 34, ple 2 23. aM. pra. zAha, uparyukta, bhA. 1, naM. 1, pR. 10 24. BBMPG, Vol. v, pts III, p. 35, pl5 25-26. WCG, p. 68, pls XXVII-XXVIII 20. Ibid., p. 69, pl. XII; Burgess & Cousens, Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat ( AANG), p. 52, pl. XXXVI 28-29. WCG, p. 70. pl. XLVI 30. Ibid, p. 47 pl. LXXXVI 34. Ibid., pl. 72, pl. XLII 32. Ibid., p. 74, pl. CXVI 33. muni yazovijayajI, "pATaNanA jana maMdiramAM eka suMdara kASThapaTa', "AcArya | vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha, pR. 174 34. uparanI mAhitI mATe juo WCG nA keThaka 1 mAM ApelI jillAvAra mAhitI 35. jayendra nANAvaTI tathA madhusUdana DhAMkI, "gujarAtanI jAla-samRddhi", kumAra pu. 40, pR. 294 36. ejana, pR. 296, citra 20 37. ECG, p. 73, pl. CIV 38, bid, p. 44, 69, , pl. XII; Burgess & Cousens, AANG, p. 51, pl, XXXVI

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prakaraNa 15 citrakalA 1. ladhucitro I.sa. 1573 nA aMta bhAgamAM mughala samrATa akabare gujarAta prAMta para pitAnI saMpUrNa sattA jamAvI tyAre citrakalAnA kSetramAM gujarAtamAM laghucitrakalA pracAramAM hatI. A kalA rAjasthAna, gujarAta ane saurASTranA jaina jJAnabhaMDAranI hastapratomAM jaLavAI rahI hatI. A kalAnA keTalAka namUnA jainetara hastapratomAM paNa jaLavAI rahelA jovA maLe che. hastapratanI A kalAne ApaNe jena zailI apabhraMza zailI "rAjasthAna zailI" ke "pazcima bhAratanI laghucitra zailI tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe. nedhapAtra hakIkata e che ke mughala kAlamAM A citrakalAe gujarAtI zailI' tarIke AgavuM sthAna prApta karyuM hatuM. A citrone moTo samUha gujarAta, rAjasthAna ane saurASTranA jJAnabhaMDAromAM ke citra zALAomAM taiyAra karavAmAM Avyo hato. akabaranA samayamAM gujarAtanA saMgItakAro, citrakAre ane bIjA kalAkAre pitAne alaga tAravavA mATe (pitAnA nAmanI pAchaLa) gujarAtI zabda prayojatA hatA.akabaranI citrazALAmAM kezava gujarAtI, mAdhava gujarAtI ane bhIma gujarAtI prasiddha citrakAra hatA. A samayanI moTA bhAganI hastaprato kAgaLanI jovA maLe che. agAu je citro tADapatronI hastapratomAM jovA maLatAM hatAM te have kAgaLanI hastapratomAM vadhAre vikasita svarUpe jovA maLe che. tADapatranuM sthAna kAgaLe lIdhAno samaya Azare IsavI sananI 15 mI sadIne aMkAya che. kAgaLa para aMkita thayelI zuddha gujarAtI citrakalA lagabhaga baso varSa sudhI TakI rahelI jovA maLe che. IsavIsananI 16 mI sadIthI mughala ane rAjapUta citrakalAne vikAsa thatAM e emAM lupta thaI gayelI jovA maLe che. gujarAtI kalAkArane pitAnI citrakalAnI abhivyakti mATe kAgaLanuM sAdhana prApta thavAthI citrakalAnuM svarUpa paNa kevuM badalAyuM tene itihAsa A baso varSanI gujarAtI citrakalA pUro pADe che. tADapatramAM citrAlekhana mATe kalAkArone

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484] mughala kAlA laMbAI karatAM paheLAImAM ja potAnI kalAne abhivyakta karavAnI pharaja paDatI hatI. mAtra 0.05 ke 0.08 mITaranI paheLAImAM tene potAnA citranuM Ayojana karavuM paDatuM hatuM. pariNAme tADapatronI citrakalAmAM e mana mUkIne pitAnA viSayanI vigata umerI zakato na hato! have A gALAmAM jyAre kAgaLa sulabha banyo tyAre ene mana mUkIne pitAnI citrakRtiomAM bArIka kalAtmaka vigata umeravAnI taka prApta thaI. kalAvivecake kahe che ke rasa ane bhAvanI abhivyaktinI dRSTie gujarAtI citrakalAnA uttama namUnA kAgaLanI hastapratomAM jovA maLe che. sAhitya ane kalAne kevo madhura saMbaMdha che tenAM dRSTAMta A gujarAtI citrakalAnI hastaprato pUrAM pADe che. pazcimanA vivecanamAM kavitA ane citrakalA (Poetry and Painting) vize ghaNI carcAo 19mI sadInI zarUAtamAM karavAmAM AvI che, jyAre gujarAtamAM te kavitA ane citrakalA cheka 11 mI sadIthI kevI otaprota thaI hatI tene rasika itihAsa A citrakalAmAM jovA maLe che. kavie je zabdacitra kAvyamAM AlekhyuM che tene citrakAre raMga ane rekhAnI madada vaDe bhArobhAra abhivyakta karyuM che. gujarAtanA kalAkAranI A addabhuta siddhi gaNAvI zakAya. mughala kAlanA gujarAtanI A kalA mukhyatve dhArmika gaNAvI zakAya. Ama chatAM enA laukika namUnAo paNa ochA nathI. A viSayamAM haju vadhu saMzodhanane avakAza che. A samayamAM gujarAtanA lokajIvana upara mukhyatve traNa saMpradAyanI asara jovA maLe cheH (1) jaina, (2) vaiSNava, (3) zaiva-zAkta. laukika namUnAo zRMgArI sAhityakRtio ane lokakathAonI kRtiomAM maLe che. jaina thiInI citrakalA gujarAtanA jaina zreSThIo ane munione mughala samrATa sAthe Arthika, rAjakIya ane dhArmika sumeLa hevAthI salatanata kAlanI sarakhAmaNImAM mughala kAlamAM sAhitya ane kalAnA kSetramAM noMdhapAtra vikAsa thayo. A kAlamAM kalpasUtra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMgrahaNIsUtra ane kAlikAcArya-kathA jevA graMthanI, kAgaLa sulabha thatAM, aneka prata lahiyAo dvArA taiyAra karavAmAM AvI. vaLI AvI prata paikI keTalIkane citrothI alaMkRta karavAmAM AvI. hAMsiyAnA AlekhanamAM je phUlavela ane bhaumitika bhAte jovA maLe che temAM mughala kalAnI asara spaSTa dekhAya che. A samayamAM jaina kavioe je "rAsa' racyA temAM paNa citranuM kalAtmaka Alekhana che. AvA rAsomAM "caMDarAsa, "AdrakumArarAsa "naladavadanI

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15 muM] citrakalA (485 rAsa" zreNika rAsa "zrIpAla rAsa' vagere mukhya che. A uparAMta "upadezamAlA" vicAra sattarI jevA graMthenI kAgaLanI pothIo paNa citrita thayelI jovA maLe che. mughala kAlanI prAcInamAM prAcIna samayAMkita citrita hastaprata "saMgrahaNIsUtra'nI che, jenI nakala mAtara(ji. kheDA)mAM I.sa. 1583mAM karavAmAM AvI hatI. A piothInAM citromAM mughala asara bahu spaSTa dekhAya che, khAsa karIne pAtronI vezabhUSA, pazu-paMkhI ane vRkSonAM AlekhanamAM. varNa ane pAtranA AlekhanamAM kalAkAre prAcIna paraMparA jALavI che. citramAM nRtyakAro ane saMgItakAronI goThavaNImAM paNa kalAkAre ema ja karyuM che. A pothInA eka pAnA upara citrakAranuM nAma "citArA geviMda' lakheluM che. A satranI eka bIjI citrita pothI khaMbhAtamAMthI maLI che. 3 A kAlanI kalpasUtranI aneka prato gujarAtanA jaina jJAnabhaMDAromAM sacavAyelI che, jemAMnI keTalIka samayanidezavALI che to keTalIka e vinAnI che. kahapasUtranI citrakAmavALI kAgaLanI sauthI jUnI upalabdha pothI rAva bahAdura Do. hIrAnaMda zAstrInA saMgrahAlayamAM che. kapasUtranI kAgaLanI pithIvALAM citro 15 mA saikAthI jUnAM gaNAtAM nathI. karachanA aMjAra gAmethI uttarAdhyayanasUtranI eka citrita piothI maLI che. citronI zailI parathI teno samaya Azare I.sa. 158thI 1600no manAya che." amadAvAdanA devazInA pADAnA bhaMDAramAMthI munizrI puNyavijayajIe upadezamAlAnI sacitra pAthI zodhI che. A pothI vi.saM. 1765 (I.sa. 1708)nI hevAnuM manAya che. "AIkumAra rAsanI citrita pithI munizrI puNyavijayajInA sa grahamAM che. A kRtine racanAra koNa haze tenI vigato maLatI nathI. A pathI 17 mI sadInA uttarArdha bhAgamAM lakhAI hoya tema manAya che. "caMDarAsa" athavA "caMDarAja rAsanI ghaNI citrita piothIo gujarAtamAMthI prApta thAya che. munizrI puNyavijayajInA saMgrahamAM je citrita pothI che tene samaya vi.saM. 1712 eTale ke I.sa. 1655 che. A pothI vyAghrasenapuramAM taiyAra karavAmAM AvI hatI A vyAdhrusenapura te kheDA jillAmAM ANaMda ane naDiyAdanI vacce AveluM vaghAsI ke vaDedarA najIka AveluM vAgheDiyA che. A rAsanI eka citrita pothI suratamAMthI maLI che jene zrI lA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAdamAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvI che. A pothIne samaya vi.saM. 1716 eTale ke I. sa. 16 59 che.

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48] mughala kAla ' kheDA jillAnA mAtara gAmethI vicArasarI'nI eka citrita pathI prApta thaI che jene samaya vi.saM. 1639 (I.sa. 1583) che. A pothImAM kula 12 citra che. A pothI amadAvAdanA zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI vidyAbhavanamAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvI che. amadAvAdanA devazAnA pADAnA bhaMDAramAMthI harabalacopAInI A samayanI eka citrita pothI maLI che. eno samaya vi.saM. 1744 (I.sa. 1687) che.* A thiIo uparAMta bAdazAha jahAMgIranAM pharamAnenAM be suMdara citra prApta thayAM che. jahAMgIranA darabArI citrakAro paikI kalAkAra zAlivAhane jaina zAsanane lagatAM be citra AlekhyAM che. A paikInA eka citramAM jainAcArya zrIvijayasenasUri upara AgrAnA jaina saMghe saMvata 1667 kArtika suda bIja ne somavAranA roja mokalAyelA vijJaptipatramAM upAdhyAya zrI vivekaharSagaNie saMvata 1666 nA varSamAM AgrAmAM cAturmAsa karyo tyAre, rAjA rAmadAsa vagere dvArA zahenazAha jahAMgIranI mulAkAta lIdhI ane potAnI vidvattAnI pratibhAthI bAdazAhane prabhAvita karIne e varSamAM enI pAsethI paryuSaNa parva nA tahevAronA divasomAM pitAnA rAjyamAM jIvahiMsA na thAya e bAbatanuM je pharamAna kaDhAveluM tenuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. upAdhyAya vivekaharSagaNinA A uttama kAryathI AgrAnA jaina saMghane ghaNo AnaMda thayo ane e AnaMda pragaTa karavA teoe pitAnA ga7nA gacchapati AcArya ke jeo e vakhate devapATaNa eTale ke AjanA prabhAsapATaNamAM cAturmAsa mATe rahyA hatA, teone sAMvatsarika kSamApanAnA patra nimitte ApavA A prasaMganuM citra zAlivAhana pAse taiyAra karAvyuM. sadarahu citrapaTamAM upAdhyAya vivekaharSagaNi rAjA rAmadAsanI sAthe zahenazAha jahAMgIra pAse pharamAna meLavavA mATe kaI rIte jAya che tenuM tAdaza Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. pharamAna prApta karyA pachI emanA be ziSya rAjyanA sevakone sAthe laI AgrA zaheramAM te bAbatano paDe vagADe chee prasaMganuM suMdara Alekhana citrakAre karyuM che (A. 59). A prasaMgane AlekhatuM bIjuM citra AcArya vijayasenasUrinuM che. emanI AsapAsa jijJAsu zrAvake beThelA che. upAdhyAya vijayaharSa bAdazAhI pharamAna. pitAnA AcAryane batAvI rahyA che. emanI pAchaLa udayaharSasUri paNa dekhAya che ane emanI pAchaLa mughala darabArane koI adhikArI dekhAya che. A citramAM zvetAMbara jaina sAdhuonI vezabhUSA noMdhapAtra che. emanI pAsenAM upakaraNa dhyAna kheMce evAM che. AcAryazrI vijayasenasUri pithI sAthe svAdhyAya karI rahelA

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15 mu'] citrakalA [487 dekhAya che. mughala adhikArInI pAdhaDI ane pAyajAmA te samayanI mudhala darabArI vezabhUSAno khyAla Ape che. AcAryaMte jaina muninI sAthe upAzrayamAM maLavA mATe mughala adhikArIe pagamAM pagarakhAM rAkhyAM nathI e vAta dhyAna kheMce evI che (A. 60). A citrAmAM AlekhAyelAM pAtronuM nirUpaNu spaSTa ane Akhe che. vaLI noMdhapAtra hakIkata e che ke dareka pAtranI upara enuM nAma kALI zAhIthI lakhelu che. A kAraNathI A citranI aitihAsika agatya ghaNI vadhI jAya che. bAdazAhI citrakAra zAlivAhana pAte ja A citranI bhAvAbhivyakti bAbatamAM mAMdhyu che ke *ustAda zAlivAhana bAdazAhI citrakAra che. eNe e samaye joyA evA ja AmAM bhAva rAkhyA che,'11 ( zrI jinasiMhasUrinA ziSya matisAre racAyela dhannA sAlibhadrarAsa 'nAM citra paNa jahAMgIranA darabArI citrakAra zAlivAhane AlekhyAM che. A rAsa lakattAnA jamInadAra bAbu bahAdurasiMhajI siMghInA saMgrahamAM che. A rAsanI hastalikhita prata zrI jinavijayajI dvArA zrI sArAbhAI navAbane jovA maLelI. A pratanuM lakhANa devanAgarI lipimAM jUnI gujarAtI bhASAmAM che. emAM kula 26 pRSTha ane 39 suMdara raMgIna citrA che. A pratanI prazastimAM enA ja racayitA lekhaka ane citrakAranI vigate ApavAmAM AvI che je aitihAsika dRSTie mahattvanI che. A rAsanAM 39 citrA paikInAM cAra citra prasiddha thayAM che. 12 A samayamAM mahAkavi kAlidAsanAM mezvadUta ane kumArasaMbhava jevI jainetara racanAomAM paNa citra AlekhavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. A racanAonI hastapratamAM enI nakala karanAranuM nAma, enA gurunu nAma, gacchanuM temaja sthaLanuM nAma vagere vigate ApelI DAya che. ' medhadUta 'nI nakala pa MDita udayaSe vi.saM. 17ra6(I.sa. 1670)nI sAlamAM AsaNIkeATTa(devIkeTa, rAjasthAna)mAM karI hatI. A citrita 9 hastaprata amadAvAdanA lA. da. bhAratIya sa MskRti vidyAmaMdiramAM saMgRhIta che. 13 A ja samayamAM citrita ane nakala karAyelI kumArasaMbhava 'nI hastaprata paNa A saMsthAmAM saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvI che. enI sthApanA vi. saM. 1701(I.sa. 1644)mAM zrI lAbhakati gaNinA ziSya paMDita haMsAme nautanapura (jAmanagara) mAM karI hatI,1 "

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488] mughala kAle [5. amadAvAdamAM dezanA pADAnA bhaMDAramAM saMgRhIta thayelI haribala caupAInI pothImAM paNa A samayanAM citra che. A caupAInI racanA AcArya hIravijayasUrinA ziSya paMDitavarya siMhavyAsanA ziSya jinavijaye vi.saM. 1744 (I.sa. 16 87)mAM karI che, jemAM mAchImAra haribala ane jaina muni dhIvaranI kathA AlekhavAmAM AvI che. 5 16 mA saikAnI gujarAtI zailInAM citrovALI "rAjakIya sUtra'nI eka prata munizrI puNyavijayanA saMgrahamAM che. A pratamAM ene kAI samayanirdeza Adi ke aMta bhAgamAM maLato nathI. Ama chatAM lipi ane akSarAnA bharaDa temaja bhASAnI laDhaNa uparathI eno samaya che. umAkAnta zAha I.sa. 1600 ke e agAuno mUke che. A pratamAM AlekhAyelI sAdhunI AkRtio mAtaramAMthI prApta thayelI saMgrahaNIsatranI AkRtio ane vaDodarA saMgrahAlayanI uttarAdhyayanasUtranI AkRtio sAthe khUba ja maLatI Ave che. 7 caNava pathInA citrakalA gujarAtamAMthI gItagoviMda, bAlagopAla stuti ane bhAgavata dazamaskaMdhanI citrita thiIo prApta thaI na hatI tyAM sudhI ema manAtuM hatuM ke pazcima bhAratanI ladhu citrakalA mAtra jainadharmAvalaMbI che. I.sa. 1929mAM bAlagopAla stutinI citrita thI maLI AvI ane kalAvivecakone A khyAla badalavo paDyo. A pathInI hastaprata hAlamAM beTana saMgrahAlayamAM che, jemAM 40 citra che. pro. Dabalyu. barmana brAuna A pithIno samaya IsavI sananA paMdaramA saikAne mukhya bhAga gaNe che.18 A pothInI bIjI eka prata vaDedarAnA saMgrahAlayamAM che, jenAM citra besTanamAM sacavAyelI hastaprata sAthe sAmya dharAve che. 19 sane 1932 mAM A pothInI be prata amadAvAdamAM zukravAranI gujarImAMthI De. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAne prApta thaI ane enAM citronI vigato De. maMjulAla ra. majamudAre sane 1933mAM vaDodarAmAM bharAyelI sAtamI akhila bhAratIya prAcavidyA pariSada (All-India Oriental Conference) samakSa pitAnA zodhanibaMdhamAM prasiddha karI.20 DaoN. maMjulAla majamudAre A pithInI eka bIjI prata kheDA jillAnA peTalAda gAmethI rAjaratna nArAyaNabhAI saMskRta pAThazALAmAMthI prApta karI che. A pothImAM kula 29 citra che, jene samaya 17 mA saikAne pUrvAdha manAya che.

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15 muM]. citrakalA [489 kAMkarolInA vrajabhUSaNalAlajInA saMgrahamAM "bhAgavata dazamaskaMdha'nI eka citrita parathI che, jenA chellA pAne bhagavAna zrIkRSNa vAMsaLI vagADatA AlekhyA che. varNa Ayojana, alaMkAra tema ja kezaracanAnI daSTie A citramAM jUnI pazcima bhAratanI citrazailInI paraMparA jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. A pothIne samaya Azare 16 mA saikAne madhyabhAga ke e pachIne manAya che. 21 dazamarakaMdhanI zrIdharanI gujarAtImAM bhAvArtha-TIkAvALI eka citrita pothI jodhapuramAMthI maLI che, jemAM dareka citranI vigate varNavavAmAM AvI che. A pothIne samaya I.sa. 1610 che. pithInAM citra citrakAra nAradaputra geviMde AlekhyAM che, jeno ullekha tenA chellA pAne karavAmAM Avyo che. 22 De. maMjulAla majamudAre A pothInAM citrone sau prathama prasiddhi ApI che. A zailInA citranuM 'bhAgavata'nuM eka pAnuM prAcyavidyA maMdira, vaDodarAnA saMgrahamAM che, je I.sa. 1610 mAM citarAyelI pratimA pAnA tarIke kharIdavAmAM AvyuM che. A pAnanuM citra che. umAkAnta zAhe "ravAdhyAyanA mukhapRSTha para prasiddha karyuM che. 24 mughala kAlamAM gujarAtanA samAjajIvana para kavi jayadevanA " gItagoviMda nAM bhakti ane zRMgArI kAvyonI ghaNI asara hatI, jeno purAvo gujarAtamAMthI prApta thatI gIta-goviMdanI citrita pothIo che. A kAvyanI sauthI jUnAmAM jUnI upalabdha pithI pAvAgaDhanA pUjArI paMDita bAlAzaMkara bhaTTajI agnihotrI pAse che. A pothImAM kula sAta citra che, jene samaya De. maMjulAla majamudAra 25 paMdaramA saikAne madhya bhAga gaNAve che jyAre zrI. nAnAlAla mahetA tene 5 daramA saikAnA uttarArdhamAM mUke che. kavi jayadevanA gIta-gaviMdanI kathAvastu para AdhArita dUtikA-AgamananuM eka citra zrI nAnAlAla mahetAnA saMgrahamAM che. A citrane samaya Azare I.sa. 159-1600 no manAya che. 27 | gIta-goviMdanI eka dazAvatAra-citrita pithI pATaNamAMthI che. kAMtilAla - ba. vyAsane prApta thaI che. A piothI bhASAsvarUpa uparathI 17 mA saikAnI hovAnuM teo mAne che. 28 A prata e eka svataMtra citrapothI (Album) heya tema jaNAya che. enAM citromAM raMga ane rekhAnuM ajaba mAdhurya pragaTa thatuM jaNAya che. citramAM kalAkAre pAtronuM saMjana AyojanapUrvaka kareluM che. emAM varNonuM

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40]. mughala kAla '[, Alekhana paNa atyaMta samajapUrvaka thayeluM jovA maLe che. citronuM prakRti-nirUpaNa. vAstavika ane manohara che. vRkSanA AlekhanamAM mughala zailInI asara spaSTa jovA maLe che. vastrAbhUSaNa ane pAtronAM aMga-upAMgenA AlekhanamAM rAjasthAnI zailInA aMze paNa sacavAyelA jovA maLe che. A pithInuM varAha-avatAranuM citra ahIM ApeluM che (A. 61) A citramAM baMne bAjue keLa ane AmravRkSanuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. citranI vacamAM bhagavAna viSNu varAha-- avatAra svarUpe najare paDe che. bhagavAnanA cAra hAthamAM zaMkha, gadA, cakra ane padma jovA maLe che. emaNe mAthA upara paMkhA AkArano sonerI mukuTa dhAraNa karyo che. gaLAmAM motInI mALA paherelI che. emanA cAreya hAthamAM kaDAM ane pagamAM teDA paheryA che. emanuM dhaDa manuSyanuM ane mAthuM varAhanuM che, emaNe aNudAra daMtazULa upara eka geLa pAtra dhAraNa kareluM dekhAya che jemAM eka strI beThelI che je pRthvI che. paurANika kathA anusAra hiraNyAkSa reyanA trAsamAMthI pRthvIne ugAravA mATe bhagavAna viSNue varAha avatAra lIdho hato. A paurANika prasaMgane gujarAtanA kalAkAre A pithImAM bhAvapUrvaka Alekhyo che. bhagavAna varAhanuM Alekhana kalAkAre gatimaya karyuM che. emanA paga nIce vadha karAyela daya hiraNyAkSa batAvyo che, jenuM meM ziMgaDAvALA pazunuM ane dhaDa manuSyanuM che. varAha bhagavAnanI AsapAsa be cAradhArI sevake che. emanAM vastrAbhUSaNanA, AlekhanamAM rAjasthAnI citrazailInI chAyA spaSTa dekhAya che. emanI mAthAnI pAghaDIo vizeSa neMdhapAtra che. citranI jamaNI bAjue nadIne vaheto pravAha. gatimaya rekhAo dvArA banAvAyo che. nadInA pANImAM khIlelAM kamaLa spaSTa joI zakAya che. citranI uparanA bhAgamAM sapheda raMganI paTTI dvArA kalAkAre AkAzanuM Alekhana karyuM che. A citranuM samagra Ayojana atyaMta bhAvavAhI ane kalAtmaka che. paurANika kathA prasaMgane kalAkAre raMga ane rekhAnA mRdu Alekhana dvArA vAstavika banAvavA saphaLa prayatna karyo che. A kAlamAM citrita. thayelI vauSNava thiIonA citro paikI A citra gujarAtI kalAne uttama namUne pUro pADe che tema nizaMka kahI zakAya vaiSNava saMpradAyanI citrita pothIo uparathI gujarAtanA samAja jIvanamAM bhagavAna viSNu ane temanA avatArane ke mahimA haze tene khyAla Ave che. bAla gopAla svarUpe kRSNanuM carita lekemAM ghaNuM lokapriya banyuM haze tema kahI zakAya.

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15mu . citrakalA 4i zAkta pothInI citrakalA madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM traNa zaktipITha nAmAMkita hatI H (1) ArAsuranAM aMbAjI, (2) pAvAgaDhanAM mahAkAlI ane (3) uttara gujarAtanAM bahucarAjI.. zaktino mahimA varNavatI devI-mahAmya athavA durgA saptazatInI kAgaLa para cItarelI pothIo gujarAtamAMthI prApta thaI che je e samayanA gujarAtamAM zakti-pUjAne mahimA ke hato ene khyAla Ape che. gujarAtamAMthI e devI mAhAmyanI jUnAmAM jUnI upalabdha pithI vaDedarAnI ArTa gelerInA saMgrahamAM che, jemAM bAra citra AlekhelAM che. A pothIne samaya IsavI sananA 15 me. saike che.29 A mAhAbhyanI 17mA saikAnI traNa prata pAlanapuranA navAba sAhebanA saMgrahamAM che.30 17mA saikAnI devI mAhAsyanI gujarAtamAMthI prApta thayelI citrita pithI bhArata kalA bhavana, banArasanA saMgrahAlayamAM che. A pothInAM civa gujarAtamAM A yAnagaramAM cItaravAmAM AvyAM hatAM. A sthaLa vize haju sudhI koI nirNaya thaI zakyo nathI. dakSiNa gujarAtamAM sUryapura(surata)mAMthI devI-mAhAmyanI 50 citrovALI eka prata prApta thaI che. A prata vi.saM. 1776(I.sa. 1720 )nA samayanI che. enAM citromAM gujarAtI zailInI paraMparA jaLavAyelI jovA maLe che. A prata hAlamAM muMbaInA prinsa opha vesa. myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta thayelI che. A mAhAmyanI be prato amadAvAdanA zeTha bhoLAbhAI jesiMgabhAI adhyayana ane saMzodhana vidyAbhavanamAM che jemAM kaI samayanirdeza Apela nathI. gujarAta-saurASTranA ghaNA brAhmaNa paMDito pAse. paNa AvA mAhAsyanI citrita pothIo che je enI lekapriyatAno purAvo che. A uparathI ema kahI zakAya ke gujarAtanA samAjajIvanamAM zakti ane tenAM vividha svarUpone ghaNe mahimA haze. khAsa karIne navarAtranA divasomAM enuM bhAvane dhaNuM thatuM haze. mughala samayamAM prApta thatI A badhI citrita pothIo uparathI ApaNe kahI zakIe ke pATaNa amadAvAda mAtara khaMbhAta surata vyAghasenapura vaDanagara cAMpAnera gaMdhAra(bharUca pAse)nuM baMdara IDara vaDhavANa jAmanagara a jAra bhUja vagere agatyanAM kalAkeMdra haze. 2. bhinithi. mughalakAlamAM gujarAtanAM jaina ane hiMdu maMdiromAM temaja rAjavIonA rAjamahelomAM bhiticitronuM Alekhana thayeluM jovA maLe che. A uparAMta

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pA2] mughala kAla | i. zreSThIonI havelIomAM paNa kASThakAma upara citrakAma thayeluM jovA maLe che. A samayamAM prAkRtika ane bhaumitika Alekhana maMdiranI bArazAkha, pothIonA DhAMkaNa mATe vaparAtI lAkaDAnI pATIo ane bALakone ramavAnAM ramakaDAo upara thayelAM jovA maLe che. amadAvAdanA nagarazeTha zrI zAMtidAsa jhaverInuM eka citra jhaverIvADanA sAgaragacchanA upAzrayamAM thAMbhalA AlekheluM che. emAM teo emanA AcArya guru rAjasAgarasUri samakSa dharmalAbha prApta karatA dekhAya che. jAmanagaranA darabAragaDhamAMthI A samayamAM keTalAMka yuddha dazyanAM bhitticitra maLI AvyAM che. I.sa. 1591mAM dhroLa najIka bhUcara corImAM jAma satrasAla ane mughala subedAra ajhIjha kAkA vacce je bhISaNa yuddha khelAyeluM te prasaMganuM eka citra che. citramAM baMne pakSe upayogamAM levAtI topo ane zastronuM AbehUba Alekhana jovA maLe che. sainikone paheraveza hiMdu ane muslima senA vaccenI spaSTa bhedarekhA batAve che. A darabAragaDhamAM eka bIjuM citra jAma satAjIe senA sAthe I.sa. 1591mAM amadAvAda tarapha kUca karI e prasaMganuM che. sadarahu citramAM lazkarI ghoDesvAro gatimAM deDatA batAvAyA che. sainikonA hAthamAM udhADI talavAra spaSTa dekhAya che, -je citranA vIra rasamAM vadhAro kare che. sainikonI pAghaDIo ane vezabhUSA dhyAna kheMce evI che? - saurASTramAM dAmanagara pAse AvelA pAMDarazIMgAnA zivAlayamAMthI aDhAramA saikAnAM bhitticitra prApta thayAM che. A citranI vigate sauprathama zrI ravizaMkara rAvale prasiddha karI che.33 A citranA prasaMge rAmAyaNa ane bhAgavatamAMthI lIdhelA che. citromAM pAtronA AlekhanamAM gujarAtI zailInI laDhaNa jovA maLe che. kalAkAre eka citramAM vibhISaNane mAMgaroLI pAghaDI paherAvI che. eka citramAM apsarAonuM Alekhana leka-mAnyatA pramANe pAMkhevALuM kareluM jovA maLe che. devonI vezabhUSA paNa spaSTa saurASTrI jovA maLe che. pAdaTIpa 1. A aMge zrI nAnAlAla ca. mahetAe emanA "A New Document of Gujarati Painting- A version of Gita-Govinda' nAmanA lekhanI pAdaTIpamAM noMdha karI che, juo Journal of the Gujarat Research Society,

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15 mu] citrakalA (JGR) Vol.VII, 139 ft. Do. maMjulAla ra. majamudAra kahe che, "kalAonA namUnAne koI paNa kAma ke dharmanA nAmathI oLakhavAne badale tenA bhaugolika sthAna uparathI oLakhAvavI e vadhAre vAjabI che; tethI pazcima hiMdanI A kalAne gujarAtI kalAnA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM bAdha nathI.'--juo gujarAtI citrakalA, "zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA mAsika", pu. 8, pR. 158-171. 2-3 Moti Chandra & U. P. Shah, New Document of Jain Painting, p. 29 4. sArAbhAI ma. navAba, jaina citra kalpadruma', naM. 2, pR. 53 4. Moti Chandra & U. P. Shah, op. cit., p. 69 6. Ibid, p. 73 7. Ibid, p. 97 8. Ibid, pp. 99f.. 9. Ibid, p. 100 10. Ibid, p. 101 11. sArAbhAI ma. navAba. uparyukta, naM. 2, pR. 59; vadhu vigato mATe juo N. C. Mehta, The Sudies in Indian Painting, pp. 69-73. 22. Ibid., p. 60 23. Moti Chandra & U. P. Shah, op. cit., p. 58 14. Ibid, p. 59 15. Ibid, pp. 10lf. 16-17 umAkAnta e. zAha, seLamA saikAnI gujarAtI citraulI', "svAdhyAya", pR. 7 pR. 57-63 2. W. Normal Brown, 'Early Vaishanava Miniature Paintings from Western India". Eastern Art, Vol. II, pp. 167-206. vaLI juo, Moti Chandra, Jain Miniature Painting from Western India, p. 42 qe. Moti Chandra, op. cit., p. 42 20. Proceedings and Transactions of Seventh All-India Oriental Conference, Baroda, pp. 827-835 22-22 Moti Chandra, op. cit., p. 42 23. M. R. Majmudar, 'Two illustrated Manuscripts of Bhagavata Dasamaskandha', Lalit Kala, No. 8, pp. 47-54 24. juo "svAdhyAya", 5, 7, aMka 1nA mukhapRSTha paranuM citra. 74. Journal of the University of Bombay, No. VI, p. 124

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494] mughala kAla + [x. 25. N. C. Mehta, 'A New document of Gujarati Painting', JGRS, Vol. VII, pp 139ff.. :20. N. C. Mehta & Moti Chandra; pl. "Return of the Messeng>r,' The Golden Flute 28. kAM. ba. vyAsa, "sattaramA zatakanI gujarAtI citrakalA, gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLanuM - trimAsika pu. 10, pR. 15-140 32-34 M. R. Majmudar, 'Earliest Devimahatmya Miniatures with special reference to Sakti Worship in Gujarat', Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Ait, Vol. I, pp. 119-136 -33. ayan M. S. Commissariat, History of Gujarat, Vol. II, pl. between pp. 24-25 33. 2. ma. rAvala, pAMDara zIMgAnAM bhIMtacitro', "gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLanuM trimAsika, pu. 1, aMka 3-4, 5. 177-178

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pariziSTa yuropIya pravAsIoe karelI neM IsavI 16mIthI 18 mI sudhInA samayanA lokajIvananI jhAMkhI mATe ApaNe samakAlIna sAhityakRtio tathA pravAsagraMtho para najara nAkhavI paDe che. saddabhAgye A samaya daramiyAna gujarAtamAM AvelA yuropIya pravAsIonA hevAla parathI A samayanA lekenA sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA Arthika jIvanane keTaleka khyAla AvI zake che. je yuropIya pravAsIo bhAratamAM AvyA ane jemaNe gujarAtamAM pravAsa kheDyo te nIce mujaba hatAH I.sa. 1573 mAM sIjhara phreDarika khaMbhAta ane surata Avyo hato. e pachI suratamAM aMgreja nAyaba kaptAna viliyama hokinsa (1608 thI 1613) hato. enI sAthe viliyama phinca (1608-11) paNa hato. kisa ene surata mUkIne jato rahyo. viliyama phince surata zaheranuM varNana kareluM che temAM tApI nadI, gopI taLAva ane killA pAse AvelA jakAtagRhane samAveza thAya che. vepArI mAla para aDhI TakA, khorAkI cIjo para traNa TakA ane nagadI mAla para be TakA jakAta levAmAM AvatI hatI. phince rAMderanuM paNa varNana karyuM che. sattaramI sadInA pahelA be dazakAmAM gujarAtamAM aMgrejoe pitAnI vepArI kAThIo sthApI vepAranI jamAvaTa karI dIdhI hatI. gujarAtamAM AvelA yuropIya pravAsIo je te sthaLe AvelI aMgrejonI keDIenI mulAkAta letA hatA. eDavarDa TerI nAmanA aMgreje bhAratanI mulAkAta lIdhI (16 16-19). emaNe 1617 mAM amadAvAdanI ane bIjA varSe suratanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. gujarAtane sArA ane saMpattivALA rAjya tarIke oLakhAvI eNe tyAMthI rAtA samudra acIna ane bIjA sthaLoe thatA vepArane nirdeza evA ahevAlamAM karyo che.' 1624mAM suratanI aMgreja kAThImAM pAdarI tarIke reva. henrI lorDa AvyuM. eNe iMglenDa pAchA pharyA bAda eka nAnuM pustaka- A Display of Two Foreign Sects in the East Indies (1630) pragaTa karyuM emAM eNe suratanA vaNiko ane emAM paNa khAsa karIne jaina vaNika ane pArasIonA

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496] mughala kAle [pra15. dharma, temanI dhArmika vidhie rItarivAjo vagerenI mAhitI ApI che. hetrIne suratamAM enA nivAsa daramiyAna ghaNo phAjala samaya maLato hato kaThImAM vepAra mATe AvatAjatA jaina vaNikanA saMparkamAM rahetA. teonI pAsethI e emanA sAmAjika rivAjo, dharma vagerenI mAhitI meLavate. evI rIte suratamAM rahetA pArasIo vize paNa seMdhapAtra mAhitI ekatra karate. gujarAtamAM pArasIonuM Agamana kevI rIte thayuM e vizenI enI nedha dhyAnapAtra che pArasI pravAsIonA sAtamA kAphalAnuM chelluM jahAja dariyAkAMThe pravAsa karatuM karatuM khaMbhAta jaI pahoMcyuM. tyAM paNa saMjANane ane variyAvanA rAjA sAthe karelA karAra jevo je karAra karavAmAM AvyuM tethI pArasIo tyAM rahyA. hevI lorDa jaNAve che ke mULa A traNa pArasI vasAhata hatI, jyAMthI pArasIo gujarAtanA anya bhAgomAM phelAI gayA. A nideza sUcaka che. A pravAsI jaNAve che ke ene maLelI mAhitI mujaba gujarAtamAM sadIonA vasavATa daramiyAna pArasIo pitAnI jAtinI praNAlIo rItarivAjo vagere bhUlatA gayA. AthI IrAnamAM rahetA emanA sahadhamIoe jayAre A vAta jANI tyAre teone pitAnA pUrvajonI kathA, dharmavacane, pUjAvidhi vagerethI mAhitagAra karavA prayAsa karyo. hevI loDanI neMdha mATe eTaluM kahI zakAya ke pArasIonA dhama ane rivAja vize lakhanAra te pahelo yuropIya vidvAna hato. hetrI loDa pachI AvelA yuropIya pravAsIomAM ITAliyana pravAsI pie DelA vAlenI noMdha agatyanI che. DelA vAlee pitAnA pravAsanI karelI ne nepa8ramAM rahetA potAnA mitra para lakhelA patramAM sacavAyelI che. e noMdhamAM eNe gujarAtanAM moTAM zahero ane phiraMgI vasAhatanA lokajIvana tathA rItarivAjonuM jhINavaTabharyuM varNana karyuM che. bhAratamAM valaMdA ane phiraMgIonI vasAhatonI jamAvaTa kevI rIte karavAmAM AvI hatI enA sAmAjika pAsA vize DelA valee rasika mAhitI ApI che. je valaMdAo potAnA kuTuMbakabIlA sAthe pUrvanA dezamAM jAvAmAM AvelA Daca saMsthAna nya baTeviyAmAM sthira vasavATa karavA mAgatA hoya temane rAjya taraphathI keTalAka vizeSAdhikAro ApavAmAM AvatA. jeo patnI tarIke yuropIya strI meLavI na zake temane bhAratIya, Armeniyana athavA siriyana strI patnI tarIke meLavI levAnI chUTa ApavAmAM AvI hatI. e strI khristI hoya athavA valaMdAnI patnI banatAM pahelAM khristI dharma svIkArI le e jarUrI banAvavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. suratamAM DelA vAle lagabhaga eka mahine dasa divasa rahyo te

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ziSTa). yurepIya pravAsIoe karelI noMdha [497 daramyAna ene valaMdA ane aMgreja kAThIonA pramukhe taraphathI mAnabharyA Atithyane lAbha maLyo. zaheranI prajA vize e jaNAve che ke zaheramAM mughala zAsana hevA chatAM tyAMnA badhA ja leka samAnatA bhogavatA. emane sAmAnya vyavasAya karavAnI ane saMpatti bhegI karavAnI svataMtratA hatI. prajAnA vargo vacce bhedabhAva rAkhavAmAM Ave te nahi. zaheramAM muslime karatAM hiMduonI vastI vadhu hatI. muslimo zAsaka varganI jAtinA hovAthI emane thoDA vadhu adhikAra rahetA. sara Tomasa roe enI naMdhamAM gopItaLAvane thaDe ullekha karyo hota, paraMtu DelA vAle enuM lAMbu varNana Ape che. emAM taLAvanI bAMdhaNI, emAM lAvavAmAM AvatAM pANI ane ene baMdhAvanAra malika gopI vize mAhitI Ape che. suratamAM prakhyAta bagIcAnI mulAkAta letAM tyAM kevA prakAranA vividha choDa hatA enuM varNana paNa eNe karyuM che. suratanI koThIomAM rahetA aMgrejo ane valaMdA kevA vaibhavathI ane svataMtratAthI rahetA hatA ene ullekha karIne DelA vAle kahe che ke muslima sUbedAra taraphathI emane koI herAnagati karavAmAM AvatI na hatI. DelA vAlee khaMbhAtanI khyAti bhAratanA sauthI prAcIna zahera tarIke sAMbhaLI hovAthI e tyAM javA nIkaLyo. mArgamAM e bharUca rokAyA. tyAM rahetA valaMdAee enuM svAgata karyuMbharUcanuM varNana karatAM e jaNAve che ke e zahera UMcI TekarI para pramANasaranI moTI dIvAla vaDe rakSAyeluM hatuM. e sutarAu kApaDanA vepAranuM moTuM mathaka hatuM, tyAMthI eziyA ane yuropanA dezamAM sUtaranI nikAsa ghaNI thatI hatI. bharUca najIka sapheda ane lIlA akIka paththaronI khANa hatI. e paththarone khaMbhAta laI javAmAM AvatA, kAraNa ke tyAM ene udyoga khIlyo hate. bharUcamAM nAnA machavA bAMdhavAnA udyoga cAlato hovAnuM DelA vAlee noMdhyuM che. jaMbusara thaIne khaMbhAta jatAM dariyo ke tophAnI hato enI mAhitI e Ape che. khaMbhAtamAM AvI pahoMcatAM (16ra3) tyAM valaMdA kAThInA mANasoe enuM svAgata karyuM. khaMbhAtane jaina dharmanA moTA keMdra tarIke DelA vAle oLakhAve che. tyAM mAMdAM laMgaDAM aTUlAM paMkhI ane maraghaDAnI hespiTala hatI. anAtha nAnA uMdaronI mAvajata lenAra tathA gharaDAM lUlAM azakta bImAra gheTAM bakarAM ane vAcharaDAMnI pAMjarApoLono ane e ullekha kare che. A badhuM tyAM rahetA jenonI dharmadayAvRtti ane paragajupaNAnA purAvArUpe hatuM. jIvahatyA nivAravA mATe jene taraphathI tyAMnA rAjAne agAuthI rakama ApI devAmAM AvatI tethI tyAM jIvahatyA karavA para kaDaka pratibaMdha hato,chu jenuM ullaMghana karanArane i-6-32

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498) mughala kAle [parimeta sudhInI sajA karI zakAtI. DelA vAlee khaMbhAtanAM zreSTha maMdiranI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. hiMduonA denA prakAra ane emanAM pratIke vize jANavAnI enI IMtejArI hevA chatAM sthAnika bhomiyA je phiraMgI ke phArasI ja bolI zakatA te DelA vAlene Daca bhASAmAM samajAvavA azakta hatA. hiMduonA lagnajIvana vize ullekha karatAM DelA vAle jaNAve che ke hiMduone sAmAnya rIte eka patnI hoya che. teo bhAgye ja ene chUTAcheDA Ape che. patnInA avasAna bAda patine lagna karavAnI chUTa heya che, paraMtu patinA avasAna bAda patnIne satI thavAnI pharaja pADavAmAM Ave che. A aMge DelA vAle Azcarya vyakta karI satInA prasaMganI gaMbhIra karuNatA ane emAM rahelI rivAjanI sakhatAInI temaja sUbedAranI paravAnagI vagara ane e mATenI jarUrI phI bharyA vagara strIne satI thavA devAmAM AvatI na hatI enI khAsa nedha kare che khaMbhAtathI DelA vAle amadAvAda Avyo (phebruArI 26, 16ra3). amadAvAdanA mAga sIdhA ane lAMbA hevA chatAM baMne bAjue pharasabaMdhI vagaranA dhULavALA hatA. emAM cAlavAnuM muzkela hatuM ane emAM paga khUMpI jatA. UDatI dhULanA kAraNe e mArgo para ghoDesavArI karavAnuM arUcikara hatuM. DelA vAle amadAvAdamAM be divasa rokAyo. eNe zaheranA mukhya bajAra "bajhA-I-kalAM", traNa daravAjA, moTo kUvo, bhavistAra ane zAhI mahelanuM varNana karyuM che. amadAvAdathI nIkaLatAM eNe kAMkariyA taLAvanI UDatI mulAkAta lIdhI. tyAMthI e bArejA ane sojitrA thaIne khaMbhAta pahoMcyo. khaMbhAtamAM zahera bahAra jaI eNe dariyAnuM darzana karyuM ane bharatI nihALI. bIjA divase eNe khaMbhAta pAse AvelA prAcIna zahera nagarAnI mulAkAta lIdhI. nagarA prAcIna samayamAM rAjyanuM vaDuM mathaka ane mukhya zahera hatuM. DelA vAlee tyAM brahmAnuM maMdira joyuM ane brahmAnI mUrtinuM avalokana karyuM. khaMbhAtathI DalA vAle surata AvyuM ane govA javA nIkaLelA kiragI kAphalA sAthe joDAI javA damaNa pahoMcI gayo. geravA jatAM damaNa ane vasAInI phiraMgI vasAhata che, jene achaDato ullekha enI neMdhamAM karyo che. DelA vAlene suratathI lakhAyele chelle patra raramI mArca(kara3)ne hatA. DelA vAle pachI surata AvanArA yupIya pravAsIomAM Tomasa haba hato (1627). TUMka samaya mATe e tyAM rokAyo ane pachI IrAna gaye. 129 nA AraMbhamAM e karI surata Avyo. 11 suMvALIthI surata sudhI ratha (baLadagADA)mAM besIne jatAM mArgamAM kayAM kayAM jaMgala ane gAmaDAM pasAra karyA ene e ullekha kare che.

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ziSTa] yupIya pravAsIoe karelI nadhi suratane A pravAsI gujarAtamAM amadAvAda ane khaMbhAta nagara pachInA bIjA sthAne mUkIne ene eka uttama nagara tarIke oLakhAve che. A nagarane pharatI mATInI dIvAla, nadIkAMThe Avele paththarane majabUta gaDha, parA vistAramAM javAnA traNa bhAga (variyAva ane khaMbhAta, burahAnapura ane navasArI javAnA mArga) tathA nagara bahAra AvelA aMgrejI DhabanA bagIcAnuM varNana kare che. nadInuM pANI pIvA mATe nakAmuM banI jAya che tyAre tene gopItaLAva pANI pUruM pADatuM hatuM ema harbarTa jaNAve che. suMvALInA bArAmAM dara varSe sapTembarathI mArca mahinAnA samaya daramyAna mAlanI AyAtanikAsa kevI rIte thatI hatI ane e vepArarAjagAranA keMdra tarIke kevuM rahetuM enuM varNana Ape che. A samayamAM cAra prakAranA sikkA-pAI mahamUdI rUpiyA ane dInAra-calaNamAM hatA ema A pravAsInI nedhamAMthI jANavA maLe che. khaMbhAta pachI harbare amadAvAdanI mulAkAta lIdhI. amadAvAdane e majabUta dIvAlethI gherAyelA ghaNA minArAvALA zahera tarIke ane gujarAtanA mahAnagara tarIke oLakhAve che. tyAMnAM bajAromAM bhAratabharamAM banatI cIjo tathA cInanI cIjo vecAtI hatI. harbaTa cAre bAju khAIvALA bhadradurganuM, sarakheja najIkanA udyAnanuM ane tyAMnA zAhI mahelanuM varNana ApyuM che. 13 haba pachI jarmana pravAsI je. AbarTa DI. menDele surata Avyo hatA ( eprila 1938 ). e tyAM pAMca-cha mAsa rahyo ane pachIthI amadAvAda AgarA ane lAhoranI mulAkAta lIdhA bAda e surata pAchA AvyA. tyAMthI e yuropa gayo ( jAnyuArI 5, 1629).14 menDelee suratamAM enA rokANane samaya AnaMdamAM tathA haravApharavAmAM vitAvyo. surata zaheranuM ane tyAMnA lekenuM varNana e agAunA pravAsIo jevuM ja Ape che. gopItaLAva ane enA para bAMdhavAmAM AvelA manoraMjanagRhane ullekha karI e kahe che ke loko mATe e mejamajA karavAnuM sthaLa hatuM. taLAva AkhA zaherane pANI pUruM pADatuM sAdhana hatuM. aMgrejone vepAra A samayamAM keTalo vyApaka banyo hato ene khyAla menDeslenI nedha parathI AvI zake che. e jaNAve che ke bharUca vaDedarAkhaMbhAta amadAvAda AgarA IspahAna dAbhola ane machalIpaTTamanI aMgreja koThIo suratanI keThInA tAbA nIce kAma karatI hatI. dareka kAThInA maMtrIne pitAnA varSabharanA vahIvaTane ahevAla ApavA mATe dara varSe suratanI kaThInA pramukha pAse AvavuM paDatuM hatuM. bAmanI svataMtra kAThI paNa suratanI keDI pratye AdarabhAva rAkhatI. pUrvanI saphare nIkaLeluM koI paNa aMgrejI jahAja surata baMdare acUka AvatuM.

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pari 500] - ' mughala kAla * menDeToe suratanI aMgreja koThImAM rahetA pramukhathI zarU karIne kArakUne vepArIo vagerenAM raheNIkaraNI pagAra tathA kaThInA vahIvaTanI carcA karI che. | menDeralone suratathI amadAvAda jatAM dasa divasano samaya lAgyo hato. e amadAvAdamAM dasa divasa rahyo hato. eNe amadAvAdanA maidAne zAha bajAra, zAMtidAsa jhaverIe baMdhAvela jaina maMdira ane zaheranA sUbedAra AjhamakhAnanai kaDaka ane karatAbharyA zAsananI je vigato ApI che tevI vigato bIjA koI pravAsInA hevAla parathI upalabdha thatI nathI. A pravAsI amadAvAdathI khaMbhAta ga. tyAMnA raratAo makAna ane jAhera bagIcAone eNe ullekha karyo che. tyAM ene satIne prasaMga jovAnI taka maLI. A prasaMganuM eNe rasika varNana karyuM che. menDe kahe che ke satI thatI strIne prasaMga nihALavAnuM sadbhAgya ane prApta thayuM. citA para caDelI strIe rivAja mujaba pitAnAM vIMTI hAra jevAM AbhUSaNa pitAnA zarIra parathI utArIne AjubAju UbhelAM sagAMvahAlAne vaheMcavA mAMDyAM. e strI AbhUSaNane sagAM tarapha pheMkatI. menDelo tyAM ghoDA para savAra thaIne Ubho hato. pelI strIe menDeTaslo tarapha joyuM ane A paradezI enA pratye pitAnA caherAthI dayA ane sahAnubhUti darzAve che ema mAnI enA tarapha eka baMgaDI pheMkI, je menDeToe jhIlI lIdhI ane dAnanA A prasaMganI amUlya avismaraNIya bheTa tarIke potAnI pAse rAkhI lIdhI ne e pitAnI sAthe laI gayA.5 khaMbhAta pachI e amadAvAda ane pachIthI lAhera jaI surata parata Avyo. tyAMthI 1639 nA AraMbhamAM yuropa javA. vidAya thaye. menDe pachI phrenca pravAsI jina oNpTisTa Tevaniyara AgarAthI 164041 mAM surata AvyA. tyAMthI e AgarA gayA ane pharI pAcho 1653 mAM surata AvyuM. suratanA vahIvaTa vize lakhatAM e kahe che ke zaherane hAkema jakAta ane mahesUla ugharAvavAnuM kAma karatA, jyAre killAne hAkema lazkarane vaDe hato. zaheranuM rakSaNa karavAnI enI javAbadArI hatI. vaniyare zaheranAM makAne, tyAMnI TaMkazALa, levAmAM AvatI jakAtanA dara ane tyAM banatAM sonerI, rUperI ane rezamI kApaDa vize mAhitI ApI che. Daca kaThInA zarApha mehanadAsa pArekhane ullekha karI A pravAsI enI dhArmikatA ane sakhAvatI svabhAvanAM muktakaMThe vakhANa kare che. suratathI AgarA jatAM bhAgamAM AvatAM gAmaDAMonI vizeSatA e noMdhe che. navApura sapheda ane sugaMdhIdAra cokhA mATe jANItuM hatuM. e A cekhAnA moTA vepAranuM kendra hatuM. ahIMnA cokhA amIra-umarAva khAtA.

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ziTa ) yupIya pravAsIoe karelI che ane navApuranA cokhAnI eka guNa eka uttama bheTa gaNAtI ema e naMdhe che. bharUca mATe Tevaniyara nedhe che ke bharUca pAsenI narmadAnuM pANI chIMTa kApaDa para saphedAI lAvavA mATe sadIothI jANItuM hatuM. kArA kApaDane nikhAravA(bliciMga)ne ahIM udyoga khIlyo hato. AgarA lAhora ane baMgALamAMthI sapheda bATA kApaDa bharUca ane navasArI laI javAmAM AvatuM. tyAM ene lIMbunA rasavALA pANImAM jhaboLavAmAM AvatuM. 14 Teniyara pachI AvelA gibI nAmanA pravAsIe khaMbhAtanI mulAkAta lIdhI hatI. eNe khaMbhAtanA keTa ane bAra daravAjAonuM varNana karyuM che.17 gujarAta vizenI mAhitI venisanA auSadhazAstrI nilAo manussa, jeNe bhAratamAM 16pa3 thI 1708 sudhIno samaya vitAvyo hato tenA saMsmaraNagraMthamAM jovA maLe che. 18 gujarAtane e amadAvAda jevuM gaNIne lakhe che ke tyAM sonAcAMdInA tAra-vaNATanuM ane kula-bharatanuM rezamI kApaDa puSkaLa pramANamAM taiyAra thatuM hatuM. enI mAMga rAjadarabAromAM bhAre pramANamAM rahetI. amadAvAdamAM sonAcAMdInuM ane kiMmatI ratnajaDita paththaranuM kAma paNa suMdara thatuM hatuM.19 gujarAtanA lokajIvananuM DelA vAle ane menDelo karatAM paNa vadhu vizadatA ane utkaMThApUrvaka avalokana karanAra phrenca pravAsI mo. jina da ghena hato. e jAnyuArI 1666 mAM surata Avyo.2* eNe amadAvAda ane khaMbhAtanI mulAkAta lIdhI ane e 167 nA phebruArImAM ahIMthI vidAya thayo. e jaNAve che ke suratanA bArAmAM jakAta khAtAnI tapAsaNI ane jakAta-vasUlAta sakhatAI bharI hatI. e khAmAMthI AyAtI mAlasAmAna maMjUra karAvIne choDAvI levA mATe ghaNuM divase ane keTalIka vAra mahinAo sudhI rAha jovI paDatI. vepArI mAla para khristIone cAra TakA ane hiMdIone pAMca TakA jakAta bharavI paDatI. zivAjIe surata para karelI prathama caDAI bAdabe varSe (1666 mAM) ghene surata Avyo hato, eNe zivAjInI suratanI caDAIno vigatavAra hevAla Apyo che. zaheranI surakSA mATe mATInI dIvAla bhAMgItUTI hAlatamAM hatI. tethI enI jagyAe auraMgajhebanA hukamathI navI dIvAla "AlamapanAha"nuM bAMdhakAma tAje. taramAM hAtha dharAyuM hatuM. benee e dIvAlanuM thatuM bAMdhakAma nihALyuM hatuM. dIvAla bAMdhavAno hetu pharIvAranA hallAne khALavAno hato. suratamAM AMtararASTriya vepAra dhIkatA pramANamAM cAlatA hatA. navembarathI eprila sudhInA mahinAomAM havAmAna sudharatAM dezaparadezamAMthI ghaNAM vepArI jahAja AvatAM hatAM. paradezI vepArIo, jemAM araba IrAnIo turko Armeniyane aMgrejo valaMdA

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52] mughala kAla [ pari... - vagere hatA, emanA AvavAthI zaheramAM rahevAnI ArAmadAyaka jagyA zodhavAnuM muzkela banatuM. suratanA keTalAka ati dhanADhya lokonI vAta karatAM e vIrajI. verA nAmanA vaNikane ullekha kare che ane ene pitAnA mitra tarIke oLakhAve che. suratane koTavALa pitAnI pharaje kevI rIte bajAve che ane kAyado tathA zAMti jALavavA mATe e zuM kare che enuM varNana paNa eNe kareluM che. khoTI phariyAda karanArane kaDaka zikSA karavAmAM AvatI hatI. eka Armeniyana zrImaMta vepArI khvAjA minAro karelI phariyAda parathI keTavALa kevI rIte enI tapAsa karavA mAgato hata e jANI, gabharAI e vepArIe pitAnI phariyAda pAchI kheMcI lIdhAne prasaMga TAMkavAmAM AvyA che. 21 1640 mAM suratamAM sthapAyelA kepucIna mizananA phenca vaDA phAdhara esanI nIDaratA ane paropakAravRttine ulekha karI daine kahe che ke 1664 nI suratanI caDAI vakhate phAdhara esa zivAjI pAse gayo hato ane pitAnA maThane lUMTaphATa karavAmAMthI bAkAta rAkhavA mAgaNI karI zivAjI pAsethI vacana lIdhuM hatuM. pariNAme suratanI lUMTamAM maTha bAkAta rahyo hato. suratamAM loke mATe AnaMdapradanAM kevAM sthaLa hatAM enuM varNana ghenoe karyuM che. emAM begamavADIne khAsa ullekha kare che. auraMgajhebanI bahena jahAMArA begamane surata jAgIra tarIke ApavAmAM AvyuM hatuM. enA parathI suratane eka parAvistAra "begamapurA" nAmathI jANItA banyo. tyAM je bAga begamavADI). banAvavAmAM AvyuM te vistAramAM ghaNo moTo, pANInA TAMkAnI sagavaDavALe ane madhyamAM cAre dizAmAM pravezadvAra hoya tevA makAnavALo hatobaeNnee gepItaLAvanI bAMdhaNInuM ane loko mATe e taLAva kevuM upayogI hatuM enuM varNana. karyuM che. agAunA pravAsIonI jema A pravAsIe paNa tADavRkSo ane tADI vize lakhyuM che. eNe nIra (tAjI tADIne rasa) temaja Athe AvelI taDI. pIdhI hatI. suratane vepAraudyoga kevA dhIkatA pramANamAM cAlato hato enI carcA karI vene jaNAve che ke tyAM agnieziyAnA TApu dezano mAla tema kApaDa AvavA uparAMta yuropa ane cInane mAla vecAvA mATe Avata. zaivene suratathI amadAvAda javA je mArge nIkaLe te noMdhavA jevo che. bharUca AvatAM tyAMnA bhavya killAne nirdeza karI narmadAnuM pANI kApaDa nikhAravA mATe pracalita hatuM ane tyAM mughala sAmrAjyanA tamAma bhAgomAMthI kApaDa lAvavAmAM AvatuM hatuM ema e jaNAve che. bharUcathI e AgaLa vadhyA. DhADhara nadI oLaMgI mahI nadInA

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ziSTa] yupIya pravAsIoe karelI che [500 kAMThe AvelA DabakA (vaDodarA jillo, pAdarA tAlukA) gAmamAM Ave. DabakAnA lokene eNe luMTArA ane mAnavabhakSI tarIke oLakhAvyA che.23 DabakAthI e peTalAda sejitrA mAtara ane amadAvAdathI pAMceka mAIla dUra Avela jitabAga-jetalapura Avyo. amadAvAdamAM AvI e valaMdAonI koThImAM eka pakhavADiyuM rahyo. eNe menDeTasphonI jema medAnazAha bajAra, bhadrano killo vagerenuM varNana karyuM che. amadAvAdathI e khaMbhAta gayo. eNe khaMbhAtanI zerIo, bajAro, parA vistAramAM AvelA bAga vagerenuM varNana karyuM che. khaMbhAtathI dariye lagabhaga doDheka mAIla dUra hovAthI tyAMnA akhAtamAM bharatI eTalA badhA vegapUrvaka AvatI ke pUrajhaDape Avato ghoDesavAra paNa bharatInAM zarUAtanAM mojAM sAthe gati jALavI zakato nahi. 24 vaeNno khaMbhAtathI jamIna mArge surata gaye. govALakAMDA ane machalIpaTTama jaI tyAMthI pAcho surata AvyA ane 167nA phebruArImAM suratathI surepa javA prayANa karyuM. 1674 ane 1681 vaccenA samayamAM suratanI aMgrejonI vepArI koThImAM tabIbI sarjana tarIke kAmagIrI karI cUkelA De. jahona phAyare surata zahera, enA mukhya vahIvaTakartAo, prajAnA judA judA vargo, aMgreja kaThInuM saMcAlana ane enA taMtravAhako temaja nagarajIvananAM ghaNAM pAsAo para vigatavAra hevAla Apyo che. 25 De. phAyare jaNAvyuM che ke suratamAM valaMdA ane phiraMgIonI vepArI keDIe. hatI, chatAM aMgrejonI kaMpanIne vepAra sauthI moTo hato. aMgrejone baMdaronI vizeSa sagavaDa maLatI hatI. sthAnika lokone emanAthI phAyado thato hato ane sarakArane paNa teo vadhu jakAta bharatA hatA. enI vepArI kaMpanI vize De. krAyara kahe che ke emanI kaThI nANuM karatAM mANasethI vadhu bharacaka rahetI. tyAM ke AnaMdapramodamAM rahetA, nANuM udhAra letA ane moTe bhapake dekhADatA. phreMca kepucIna pAdarIo maTha calAvatA, tethI emanA pratye bhAre AdarabhAva rAkhavAmAM Avato. suratamAM pharatA rahetA muslima phakIra kevA vizeSAdhikAra bhogavatA ane dharmanA bahAnA nIce sAmAnya prajA ane zrImaMta mUra loko pAsethI trANuM karIne kevI rIte paisA paDAvatA enA prasaMga che. phAyare TAMkaLyA che. dezanA A bhAgamAM ThagI prathA pravartatI havAne nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che. keTalAka vaNika nANuM ApatA hovA chatAM bAdazAhanA hukamathI emanI hatyA kevI rIte karavAmAM AvatI hatI enuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. suratanA kAjhI, mullAM ane

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50) mughala kAlA ) polIsavaDA koTavAlanAM kAryonI tathA suratanA baMdarI jakAtagRhanI kAmagIrInI paNa carcA karavAmAM AvI che. Do. phAyara 1674 mAM surata Avyo tyAre marAThA surata para pharI vAra caDAI karavAnA che evI joradAra aphavAo saMbhaLAtI hatI, tethI rakSaNa dIvAlanuM jhaDapI bAMdhakAma karavA mATe 700 mANasone kAme lagADavAmAM AvyA hatA. dIvAlanA dareka daravAjA para cha tapa ane enA saMcAlana mATe cha yuropIya tepacI rAkhavAmAM AvyA hatA. De. phAyara jaNAve che ke zivAjInA pharIthI AvavAnI bIke tathA zaheranA hAkemanuM valaNa lUMTanArAone sAmane karavA karatAM emane vaLataranI rakama ApIne pAchA kADhavAnuM hatuM tethI ghaNuM vepArIo surata cheDI jatA rahyA hatA. suratanA durganI rakSaNavyavasthA ane enA subedArane vaibhava kevo hato enuM varNana ApavAmAM AvyuM che. surata zaheranI muslima prajAnI rItabhAta, enA sAmAjika vyavahAra ane IdanA tahevAranI ujavaNI vize che. phAyare rasaprada mAhitI ApI che. e jaNAve che ke auraMgajheba te tAjiyA-saraghasane IslAma dharmanI vikRti samajato hato tethI eNe e tahevAranI ujavaNI karavA sAme pratibaMdha mUkyo hato. hiMdu prajA para jajiyAverA nAMkhe tevAne ullekha karI De. phAyara jaNAve che ke brAhmaNone mAthA dITha senAne eka sikko Apavo paDato hato. 27 . phAyara suratathI be mAIla dUra tApI nadInA kAMThe AvelA phUlaparA nAmanA parA vize vigata Ape che. tyAM vaNikAnAM zabAna agnisaMskAra karavAmAM Avato. dhArmika utsavo paNa tyAM UjavavAmAM AvatA. suratathI phUlaparA sudhIne Akho mArga baMne bAjue ghaTAdAra vRkSothI chavAyelo raheto. pUjApATha ke mojabhajA karavA janAra lokonI e mArga para satata avarajavara rahetI.28 suratanuM gopItaLAva A samayamAM sukAI gayuM hatuM. enI pALa pAse kabaro baMdhAI gaI hatI. taLAvano dekhAva sarakasanAM medAno ke vyAyAmazALA jevo lAgata hato. De. phrAyara jaNAve che ke suratamAM vepArI koma pratye mughala adhikArIo upekSAvRttithI jatA hatA. jyAre aMgreja kaMpanI ane enA nokara pratye teo mAnapUrvaka jotA hatA. enA kAraNamAM e jaNAve che ke aMgrejo vakhatovakhata mughala samrATo pAsethI pharamAno meLavatA hatA ane aMzataH aMgrejonI dariyAI tAkAtane lIdhe sthAnika sattAvALAo AvuM valaNa rAkhatA hatA. De. phrAyaranI mULa nimaNUka muMbaInI aMgreja vasAhatamAM karavAmAM AvI hatI (Disembara 1673). tyAMthI enI badalI surata, muMbaI, pharI surata, IrAna ane vaLI pAchI surata ema

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zikaTa). yupIya pravAsIoe karelI che pa05 vArApharatI karavAmAM AvI hatI. 1692 nA jAnyuArImAM e suratathI iMglenDa javA nIkaLyo hato. suratanI aMgreja kaThImAM 1689 thI aDhI varSa sudhI rahelA khristI pAdarI je. viMTane suratanA vepArarAjagAra, hunnaraudyoga, vahIvaTI vyavasthA, tyAMnA leke (vepArIo, muslima, hiMduo) tathA emanI dhArmika ane dayAvRtti temaja pAMjarApoLa vagere saMbaMdhI viratRta varNana ApyuM che te noMdhapAtra che. 29 17mI sadInA aMtamAM AvelA iTAliyana pravAsI jemelI kererIe khaMbhAtanI purANI jAherajalAlI ochI thaI gayAnuM neMdhI jaNAvyuM hatuM ke ema chatAM e zahera AbAda hatuM. * 18 mI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM gujarAtamAM marAThAonuM jora vadhI rahyuM hatuM, rAjakIya arAjakatA vyApaka banavA lAgI hatI. AvA saMjogonI asara yuropIya pravAsIonI avarajavara para paDI hatI. aMdhAdhUMdhInI asara samAjajIvana para paNa paDI hatI. 17mI sadI daramyAna AvelA pravAsIonA hevAla parathI gujarAtanA sAmAjika Arthika ane dhArmika jIvananI sArI mAhitI maLe che. emAM paNa be muddA noMdhapAtra che. paheluM te e che ke A samayamAM suratathI amadAvAda ane suratathI khaMbhAta javA mATe kevA bhUmimArgo hatA e jANavA maLe che. bIjuM, ke bhAratamAM AvatA koI paNa pravAsIne sau prathama surata ja AvavuM paDatuM ane vaLatA prayANa mATe paNa surata ja pAchA pharavuM paDatuM. A samayamAM surata AMtararASTriya vepAra-kedra banI gayuM hatuM. pATIe .?. William Foster (Ed.), Early Traveis in India, 1583-1619, p. 293 2. Churchil, Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. VI, pp. 328 f. 3. 2461 E. Grey S121 22 Maa The Travels of Pietro Della Valle " (PDF)-mAMthI upayogI mAhitI tAravI che. 4. TPDS, Vol. I, p. 30 5. Ibid, pp. 35-37; 40-41 6. Ibid, pp. 67 f. 7. Ibid, pp. 70 . 8. Ibid, pp. 83-85 9. e AnI sarakhAmaNuM ramanI vijayasUcaka traNa kamAna sAthe kare che. 10. khaMbhAta pAse dariyAnI bharatInAM mojA 33 phUTa (10.06 mITara) jeTalAM UchaLatAM. bharatInA pANIne vega eka kalAkanA 6thI 7 dariyAI mAIla jeTalo hato ema kahevAya che.

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501) mughala kAla [pari.. 11 Tomasa habaInA pravAsa-graMthanI aneka AvRtti bahAra paDI che te paikI Some Yegrs' Travels into Africa and Asia, the Great, especially describing the Empires of Persia and Industan by Sir Thomas Herbert (SYTAA)no ahIM upayoga karavAmAM Avyo che. 12. pAI e tAMbAne gALa bhAra vajanane sikko hatA. 30 pAI= ziliMga thato. mahamUdI e cAMdInA sikko hato ne e eka ziliMga barAbara gaNAta.1 rUpiyo== 2 ziliMga ane 3 pensa thatA. eka suvarNa dInAra=30 ziliMga thatA. 13, SYTAA, pp. 42-57 14. menTeslAnA pravAsa saMdarbha M. S. Commissariat nA "Mandelslo's Travels in Western India(A.D. 1638-39) (MTWI) pustakamAMthI levAmAM AvyA che. 15. MTWI, pp. 41-46 15. V. Ball (Trans.), Tavernier's Travels in India, Vol. I, p. 66 10. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VI, pp. 219 f. 16. Storia do Mogor, 1653-1708. Trans. by W. (rwipe Vols. I & II. 19. Ibid, Vol. I, p. 425. 20. suratamAM enA rokANanA ahevAlanuM aMgrejI bhASAMtara H. G. Rawlinson dvArA thayuM che ne e Indian Antiguary, Vol. LyI, pp. 199ff. para prasiddha thayuM che. eNvenenA pravAsane trIjo bhAga Do. suredranAtha sene saMpAdita karIne Indian Travels of Theyenot and Careri nAme prasiddha karyo che. 21. Indian Antiquary, Vol. LVI, p. 202 22. Ibid., pp. 222 f. 23. ene apAyelI mAhitI khetI hovI joIe agara mAhitIne pravAsI barAbara samajI zakyo nahi hoya ema lAge che. tyAMnA bhIla ane keLA zabanuM mAMsa khAvAnI. TevavALA hovAno saMbhava che. 28. M. S. Commissariat, Studies in the History of Gujarat, pp. 116 f. 24. William Crooke (Ed.), A New Account of East Indies etc. (in three Vols.)mAM A ahevAla apAyo che. 26. Ibid, Vol. 1, 224 f. ra7, messInA jaNAvyA anusAra moTA vepArIo pAsethI rUA, madhyama varga pAsethI. che ane garIba varga pAsethI A rUpiyA jajiyAre prativarSa levAmAM AvatA (Ibid., Vol. II, p. 234). 28. Ibid, pp. 252-61 pe. Ovington, A Voyage to Surat (Ed. by H. G. Rawlinson ), pp. 177 f. 30. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VI, p. 220

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vaMzAvaLIo 1. dilhIne mughala vaMza [1. bAbara 2. humAyU] 3. akabara 4. jahAMgIra 5. zAhajahAM dArA zukAha zuja 6. auraMgajheba (AlamagIra) murAdabakSI akabara 7. zAhaAlama | (bahAdurazAha) 1le 11. nI siyara 8. harizAha ajhIma-uza-zAna raphI-uza-zAna jahAMzAha 13, muhammadazAha 15.AlamagIra 2 je 8 zakhasiyara 14. ahamadazAha 12. raphIud-daulA . 10. raphIuda-darajAta

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-18). mughala kAla gujarAtanA mughala subedAra mIrajhA ajhIjha kekA, (I.sa. 1573-75). mIrajhA abdura rahImakhAna (I.sa. 1575-78) zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAna (I.sa. 1578-83) itimAdakhAna (I.sa. 1583) abdurrahImakhAna urphe mIrajhAkhAna (I.sa. 1583-89) mIrajhA ajhIjha keka (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1590-93) zAhajAde murAda (I.sa. 1593-99) mIrajhA ajhIjha kAkA (trIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1569-16 5) kulIjhakhAna ane rAjA vikramajita (I.sa. 1605-06) murtajhAkhAna bukhArI (I.sa. 16--09) mIrajhA ajhIjha kokA (cethI vAra) (I.sa. 16 09-11) abdullAkhAna phirojha jaga (I.sa. 1911-16) mukarabakhAna (I.sa. 1616-1618) zAhajAde zAhajahAM (I.sa. 1618-23) zAhajAdo dAvarabakSa (I.sa. 16ra324) khAnajahAM ledI (I.sa. 1924-28) nAhirakhAna urphe zerakhAna tara (1628-31). iralAmakhAna (I.sa. 1931-32) bakIrakhAna (I.sa. 1632-34) sipAhadArakhAna (I.sa. 1634-35) saiphakhAna (I.sa. 1935-36) AjhamakhAna (I.sa. 1636-42) mIrajhA IsAtakhAna (I.sa. 1642-45) zAhajAde auraMgajheba (I.sa. 1645-46) rAistakhAna (I.sa. 1646-48)

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vaMzAvaLIo zAhajAde dArAzukAha (I.sa. 1648-para) zAIstakhAna (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1952-54) zAhajAdA murAdAbakSa (I.sa. 1654-58) zAhanavAjhakhAna (I.sa. 1658-59) mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha (I.sa. 1659-62) mahAbatakhAna (I.sa. 1662-68) bahAdurakhAna (I.sa. 16 68-70) mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1970-72) muhammada amInakhAna (I.sa. 1672-02) mukhatArakhAna (I.sa. 168285) kAratalabakhAna uphe zujAtakhAna (I.sa. 1685-1701) zAhajAde AjhamazAha (I.sa. 1701-05) zAhajAde muhammada bIdara bakhta (I.sa. 1706-07) IbrAhImakhAna (I.sa. 1707-18) gAjhIuddInakhAna bahAdura phIjhajaga (I.sa. 1708-10) zAhamatakhAna (I.sa. 1710-12) asau daulA (I.sa. 1712-13) zAhamatakhAna (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1713) dAudakhAna (I.sa. 1713-15) mahArAjA ajitasiMha (I.sa. 1715-17) khAna daurAna (I.sa. 1717-18) mahArAjA ajitasiMha (bIjI vAra) (I.sa. 1719-21) haidarakulIkhAna (I.sa. 1721-22) nijhAmumuka (I.sa. 1722-23) sarabulaMdakhAna (I.sa. 1723-30) mahArAjA abhayasiMha (I.sa. 1730-37) . momInakhAna 1le (I.sa. 1737-43). javAMmardakhAna (I.sa. 1743-53). momInakhAna raje (I.sa. 1756-58)

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510] mughala kAla 2. jADejA vaMza ' (1) karachanA jADejA 11. kheMgArajI 1 le jojarAjajI 12. bhAramala 1le jejI 13. bhejarAjajI meghajI 14. kheMgArajI 15. hamIrajI 16. tamAcI 17, rAyadhaNuM 1 lo 18. prAgamalajI neviNajI rajI. 19. geDa 1le hAlajI kAMchArabI) 20. desaLajI le 21. lakhapatajI

Page #538
vaMzAvaLIo (51 (2) navAnagaranA jADeja 3. satrasAla (satAjI) ajojI 4. jasAjI 5. lAkho 1le vibhejI (rAjakoTa) 8. rAyasiMhajI 1 lo 6. raNamalajI satAjI 10. tamAcI 1 le 11. lAkhe 2 jo 12. rAyasiMha raje 13. haradhoLajI 14. tamAcI raje ! 15. lAkhAjI 3 je

Page #539
512] jaya mAla | (3) dhroLanA jADejA [1. haradhoLajI le ] 2. jase 3. bAmaNiyojI 4. haradhoLajI raja 6. pacANajI 5. meDacha 7. kaleja 1le 8. sAMgajI 9. jajI 10. khetAjI 11. kalejI 2 je (4) rAjakeTanA jADejA [satejI 12. vAghajI (5) goMDaLanA jADejA 1. kuMjI 2. saMgrAmajI ajojI] 1. vibhAjI 3. hAjI . maherAmaNajI 19 ja. kuMbha ra jo 3. sAheba kucha (gAMDaLa) (6) merabInA jADeja 1. kAjI 4. bAmaNiyAjI 2. aliyo 5. maherAmaNajI je je 3. rajI 6. raNamalajI 7. lAkhAjI 8. maherAmaNajI 3 je

Page #540
[ pa ka vaMzAvaLIo 3. jeThavA vaMza 167. rAmadevajI 4the 168. bhANajI 7 me 169. khImajI 3 je 170. vikamAtajI 4 the 171. saratAnajI 1 lo 172. bhANajI 8 me 173. khIme 4 the 174. vikamAtajI 5 me 175. saratAnajI 2 je 4. jhAlA vaMza (1) haLavada-dhrAMgadhrA 4. rAyasiMhajI 1 lo (haLavada) 5. caMdrasiMhajI pRthvIrAja 6. AsakaraNajI saratAnajI (vAMkAnera) rAjI (vaDhavANa) 7, amarasiMhajI abhayasiMhajI 8. meghapAla (lakhatara) 9. gajasiMhajI 1 lo 10. jazavaMtasiMhajI 11. pratApasiMhajI 12. rAyasiMhajI rAje (dhrAMgadhrA) 1. gajasiMhajI e zekhe (sAyalA) -6-33

Page #541
514). (2) ziyANI-lIbaDInA jhAlA 21. AsakaraNa (ziyANI) 22. aocha 1 lAM 23. vaherAi 1 lo (3) vAMkAneranA jhAlA [pRthvIrAja 1. saratAnajI 2. mAnasiMhajI 24. karaNasiMhajI 25. bhojarAjajI 26. aocha 2 je 3. rAyasiMhajI 1 lo 4. caMdrasiMhajI 1 lo 27. vahereja rajo 28. harabhamajI (lIMbaDI) 5. pRthvIrAjajI 6kesarIsiMhajI 7. bhAre (4) vaDhavANanA jhAlA [pRthvIrAja] 1. rAjajI 2. sabalasiMhajI 1 lo 3. udayasiMhajI 4. bhagatasiMhajI bhAvasiMhajI mAdhavasiMhajI (kaTA) 5. arjunasiMhajI abhayasiMhajI | (cUDA) 6. sabalasiMhajI ra o * (6) cUDAnA jhAlA 1. abhayasiMhajI (5) lakhataranA jhAlA [caMdrasiMhajI) 1. abhayasiMhajI 1 lo 2. vajepAlasiMhajI 3. zeSamalajI 4. gepAlasiMhajI pa. karaNasiMhajI . abhayasiMhajI ra je 2. rAyasiMhajI (0) sAyalAnA jhAlA 1. zekhajI

Page #542
vaMzAvaLIe ni5 pa. paramAra vaMza. (1) mULInA paramAre (3) cuMthanA paramAre 1. lakhadhIrajI 1 le [jAlamasiMha 1 le 2. rAmajI jahAjasiMha bikamasiMha 3. bhejarAja udayasiMha. pratApasiMha 4. sAmaMtasiMha jAlamasiMha ra je 5. lakhadhIrajI re je 6. bhojarAja re saMta (mUMtha) navaghaNa 7. eka nApa 8. ratanajI 1 le prathasiMha 1 le 9. karaNajI 13. ratanajI 2 je sUra 10, jagadeva 14. kalyANasiMha jayasiMha. 11. rAmasiMha 15. mULa 12. rAyasiMha 16. ratanajI 3 akherAja gajasiMha (2) dAMtAnA paramAre rAmasiMha rAyamala jigadeva paramAra). maMDalika] surajamala AzakaraNa ratanasiMha 1 le vA jAyamala jeThamala pUje mAnasiMha gajasiMha viAghajI) prathasiMha rajo sabalasiMha gajasiMha mAhAvasiMha prathasiMha 3 jo ratanasiMha pRthvIsiMha [vIramadeva badanasiMha karaNasiMha

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mughala kAla 6. gRhila vaMza (1) zihera-bhAvanagaranA gRhila 14. visAjI (zihora) 15. dhune 16. ratana 1 lo 17. harabhamajI 18. goviMdajI 20. akherAjajI 19 satarasAlajI jasAjI 21. ratanajI 2 je 22. bhAvasiMhajI (bhAvanagara) (2) lAThIna guhilo (3) gAriyAdhAra (pAlitANA)nA gRhile. seijakajI sejakajI (sejakapura) sAraMgajI (athIlA) zAhajI (gAriyAdhAra) sarajanajI arjunajI 1 ghaNucha 1 lo bhArojI nedhaNajI bane che zajI hADojI dudAjI] [arjunasiMhajI] kAMdhAjI 1 lo naioMghaNa je lUNuzAhajI (lAThI) ajuna 2 je kajI 2 je saMdhana zojI 2 je saratAnajI 1 lo kAMdhejI 3 jo pRthvIrAjajI noMghaNajI 3 je saratAnajI 2 je bhImajI

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vaMzAvaLIe che. (4) rAjapIpaLAnA guhilo seijakajI rANajI mokhaDAjI garajI semarasiMgajI (arjunasiMha)] (januM rAjapIpaLA) bhairavasiMha patharAja dIpasiMha durgazAha maharAja rAyasAla caMdrasena gaMbhIrasiMha subherAja jayasiMha mUlarAja suramAla udekaraNa caMdrabhA chatrasAla verIsAla jItasiMha (nAMdoda-navuM rAjapIpaLA) pratApasiMha

Page #545
58] mugala kAle 7. okhA maMDaLane vADhera vaMza virAvaLajI (AraMbhaDA) vikamasI 8. jasadaNane khAcaraveza 1. vike 2. mANasiyA sAMgaNajI bhImajI] 3. calo 4. oDha rANA ziva (savajI) 5. vAjasUra sAMgaNajI saMgrAmajI akherAjajI bhejarAjajI ha. IharanA rAThoDa vaMza (1) jUne zaTheDa vaMza 19. nArAyaNadAsa 20. vIramadeva 25. kamANumala 22. jagannAtha rAma 25. gopInAtha . gopInAtha 27. pUje che je karaNasiMha 24. arjunadAsa 26. caMdrasiMha (IDava-poLo) (2) na rAThoDa vaMza [ajitasiMha (jodhapu)]. 1. ANadasiMhajI (IDara) 2. zivasiMha

Page #546
jiyasiMha vaMzAvaLIo khIcI thohANo (1) choTAudepuranA khIcI cauhANa (2) bAriyAnA khethI cauhANa [jayasiMha (patAI rAvaLa) rAyasiMha] rAyasiMha DuMgarasiMha udayasiMha rAyasiMha pRthvIrAja (mehana) DuMgarasiMha vajesiMha karaNasiMha (bAriyA) mAnasiMha vajesiMha gumAnasiMha pUtharAja rAyasiMha tejasiMha rAyadhara jasavaMtasiMha-bAjI rAvaLa (choTAudepura) gagadAsa (8) mAMDavAne bacA cauhANa [pratApasiMha (kAravaNa) nAharasiMha (nAderiyA) mAlasiMhajI (cAMdeda)] vAghasiMhajI 1 le (jUnuM mAMDavA) kAnajI 1 lo vAgha 2 je (navuM mAMDavA) rANe saMga rAmasiMha kAnajI 2 je vAdhajI 3 je khumAnasiMha jItasiMha bhImasiMha

Page #547
pa20] mughala kAla 't t baladeva). melakaraNa 11. solaMkI vaMza . (1) luNAvADAnA solakI (1) vAMsadAnA solaMkIe dhavaladeva (dhoLakA-kAlarI gaDha) vIrabhadra (vIrapura) [mUladevA kIjI naMdaladeva mAnasiMha bhAThAvasiMha karaNadeva gamasiMha udayasiMha 1 le pRthvIpAlasiMha vikramasiMha udayasiMha ra je viThThalasiMha (DIDiyA) vIrasiMha bhImasiMha (luNAvADA) rAyabhANu gaMgadAsa uda rANo gulAbasiMha rAdhavarANasiMha(vAghasiMha)J udayasiMha mAla rANe vanavIrajI akherAjajI kuMbha rANo jItasiMha trilokasiMha dayAladAsa, caMdrasiMha kuMvarasiMha nAhArasiMha [jItasiMha] vakhatasiMha dIpasiMha

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vaMzAvaLIe 12, rAmanagara-dharamapuranA sisodiyA 13. vIramagAma-pATaDInA kaNabI desAI rAmarAjA(rAmanagara) virasiMha(vIramagAma) sema kizoradAsa puraMdara rAmadAsa dharama 1 le gaMgAdAsa gopu karasanadAsa jagata 1 lo malakejI nAraNa sAmAjI dharama 2 je raNamalajI) jagata 2 je. nAthajI veNIdAsa desAI lakSmaNadeva makanadAsa somadeva mehatasI rAmadeva 1 lo (AsarasetA-phatepura) trIkamadAsa zehadeva bhANajI rAmadeva ra je bhAvasiMhajI (pATaDI) 14. bAbI vaMza (1) jUnAgaDhanA AkhI (2) rAdhanapuranA bAbI [Adila khAna bahAdurakhAna usmAnakhAna] zerakhAna bahAdurakhAna zerakhAna jApharakhAna-saphadarakhAna jApharakhAna-saphadarakhAna javAMmardakhAna (rAdhanapura) udekaraNa kamAluddInakhAna salAbatakhAna bhAra bahAdurakhAna (vADAsinera-jUnAgaDha)

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sughala kAla 15. mAMgaroLa(seraTha)nA kAjhI zekha zekha phapharUddIna 1. zekhamiyAM 16, pAlaNapurane hatANI vaMza 1. phIrojhakhAna 1 le-kamAlakhAna 2. mujhAhItakhAna 2 je 3. kamAlakhAna-karNakamAla 4. phIjhakhAna 2 je-gajhanIkhAna 5. karImadAdakhAna che. bahAdurakhAna 6. pahADakhAna 2 je 10. khaMbhAtanA navAbI vaMza 1. mIrajhA jAphara najhamuddaulA-momInakhAna 1le 2. mukta khIrakhAna-momInakhAna ra je

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saMdarbhasUci jayasAgara upAdhyAya 1 sAmAnya (1) mULa saMdarbhe - (a) purANa vApurA, sattara pUnA, 1894 (A) prabaMdha, padAvalIo, vijJaptie vijJapligiLI (saMjinavijaya muni), bhAvanagara, 1916 jayasoma upAdhyAya vandra vaMzAvarIvavadha-gujarAtI padyAnuvAda: guNa vinaya, " jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvyasaMcaya", bhAvanagara, 1926 muni, ginavinA () vijJaptisaMpradu, muMbaI, 1960 -vivighAchIca paTTAvI saMpradda mAga 1, muMbaI, 1961 muni, darzanAvinaya (saM.) 1ThThAvIsamuccaya, bhAga 1, viramagAma, 1933 zAstrI, hIrAnanda Ancient Vijnaptipatras, Baroda, 1942 (I) saMskRta kAvya guNavijaya vinAliTI, banArasa, vI.ni.saM. 2437 devavimalagaNi saumAtra vAccha, muMbaI, 1900; guja. anu. : sAdhvI sucanAzrI, bhA. 1, amadAvAda, 197ra. padmasAgara gaNi gApura 1za (saM. haragoviMdadAsa ane becaradAsa), banArasa

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"524] mughala kAla paMDita durgAprasAda ane kAvyamAlA, guccha 14, bhuma, 1860 paNazIkara, vAsudeva (saM.) bhAnucandragaNi vasantarAjazAkunaTIkA, bhuma, saM. 1863 meghavijaya upAdhyAya digvijaya mahAkAvya, bhuma, 1945 -devAnanda mahAkAvya, amahApA, 1837 zAnticandra kRpArasakAza (sa. niviya bhuni), maapn|2, 1817 zrIvallabha pAThaka vijayadevamAhAtmya-saTIka (sa. nivi015 bhuni), amadAvAda, 1928 -samayasundaragaNi kAlikAcAryakathA, surata, 1838 sahajakIrtigaNi phalavardhipArzvanAthamAhAtmya, poTAhavi.saM. 2024 siddhicandra bhAnucandracaritakAvya, amahAvAha, 1841 haMsamITha haMsavilAsa, 1962, 1837 hemavijayagaNi ane guNavijaya vijayaprazastikAvya, vArANasI, vI.ni.sa. 2437 (5) maNI-zarasI the| akhabArUda dobhAtila akaramIna (anu. tIlamIjha)-,abula phajUla akabaranAmA Eng. traps, by H. Beveridge, Delhi, 1972-73 --AIn-i-akabarI Eng. trans. Vol. I by H. Blochmann, Calcutta, 1939 . alI, muhammadakhAna miAte ahamadI, bhA. 1-2, bar3audA, 1927-30; --zu. anu. : bhArata meDamI, (anu. vIratA nijAmuddIna 2) mA. 1-2, amAvA, 1913, 1923 -Yr. anu. : bhirAta abhahI, va. 2, ma. 1-4 (anu. hai. bhA. verI), amahavA, 1833-38 -Eng. trans. Vols. 1-2 by M. F. Lokhandwala, Baroda, 1970, 1974

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saMdarbhasUci [525. khvAjA nijhAmuddIna ahamada tabakAte akabarI Eng. trans. by Elliot in 'History of India as told by its own Historians',. Vol. V, London, 1873 jahAMgIra tunu--gaddAnIrI. Eng. trans. by A. Rogers, Vols. 1-2, Delhi, 1968 badAUnI, abdula kAdira muntakhAbut tavArIkha, Eng. trans. by G. S. A. Ranking, Calcutta, 1898 saiyada, gulAmahusena tabatabI siyara ulU mutakherina (Eng. Trans. by H. Briggs), Calcutta, 1833 hAjI, udU dabIra z2apharUla vAli be mujaphphara va Aliha, Eng. trans. by M. F. Lokhandwala, Baroda, 1970 (u) jUna-gujarAtInA graMtha AcArya, jinavijayajI(saM.) jaina aitihAsika gUrjara kAvyasaMcaya, bhAvanagara.. 1926 RSabhadAsa hIrasUrirAsa, surata, 1916 kAMtivijaya sujazavelI bhAsa, amadAvAda, 1934 kuMaravijaya hIravijayapuNyakhANa, "jaina aitihAsika gUrjarI kAvyasaMcaya", bhAvanagara, 1926 -hIravijayasUriloke, "jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvyasaMcaya", bhAvanagara, 1926 kSemavardhana zAMtidAsa zeThano rAsa, "jaina aitihAsika rAsamALA",, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1912 guNavijaya vijayadevasUri prabaMdha, "jene aitihAsika rAsamALA" bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1912

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526] tilakasAgara nATA, garacara (saM.) bhaTTa, zAmaLa mevijaya Diskalkar, D. B. prakAza', pu. 1, amadAvAda, 1854 vijayadevasUrIzvara nirvANa svAdhyAya, "jaina aitihAsika lAvaNyasamaya rAsamALA', bhA. 1, amadAvAda, sa. 1969 vimalaprabaMdha (saM. dhI. dha. zAha), amadAvAda, 1965 vijayadhasUri aitihAsika rAsasa'graha, bhA. 2, 3, 4, bhAvanagara sa. 1973, 1978, 1967 -sAMDesarA,bhAgIlAla ja.(saM.) prAcIna phAgu-saMgraha, vAdarA, 1955 (U) abhilekhe : sAmayikA, sagraho ane sUci Yazdani, G. and Gyani, R. G. (Ed.) mughala kAla muni, binavinaya (saM.) trivedI, iM. vi. daisAI, jhi. . '' rAjasAgarasUrinirvANarAsa, jaina aitihAsika gUjarlR kAvyasa Mcaya", bhAvanagara, 1926 aitihAsika jainakAvya saMgraha, kalakattA, saM. 1994 rustamakukSI ane abharAmakulAnA zalAkA, " buddhi Annual Report on Indian Epigraphy, 1949-50 to 1972-73 Corpus Inscriptionum Bhavnagari, Bombay, 1889 Inscriptions of Kathiawad, "New Vols. I-III, Indian Antiquary'' Bombay, 1938-41 Epigrapbia Indica; Arabic and Persian Supplement, New Delhi, 1955 to 1958, 1970 Epigraphia Indo-Moslemica, 1933- 34, 1935-36, 1939-40 Important Incriptions from the Baroda State, Vol. II, : Muslim Inscriptions, Baroda, 1944. 1921 prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha, bhA. 2, bhAvanagara, gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 4-5, amadAvAda, 1969 gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa }, amadAvAda, 1972

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sadarbha sUci (e) siddhA : sAmayikA, sagraho ane suci Brown, C. J. Hodiwala, S. H. Hussain, M. K. Lane Poole, S. Rode, V. P. [,pa27 Wright, H. N. Catalogue of the Mughal Coins in the Provincial Museum, Lucknow, Vol. I. Oxford, 1920 Historical Studies in Mughal Numismatics, Calcutta, 1923 Catalogue of Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Bombay, 1968 Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum, London, Vols. I-II Mughal Emperors, London, Numismatic Supplement (Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal), Nos. II, VI and XXIV, Calcutta, 1904, 1905, 1914 Catalogue of Coins in the Central Museum, Nagpus: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Part I, Bombay, 1960 Singhal, C. R. Whitehead, R. B. Catalogue of Coins in the Punjab Museum, Lahore, Vol. II: Coins of the Mughal Emperors, Oxford, 19141 Catalogue of the Coins in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, Part III; Mugha Emperors, Oxford, 1908 Bibliography of Indian Coins, Part II, Bombay, 1952

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496) mughala kAla (1) Gafen aint Aitchison, C. V. A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Sanads, Vol VI, Calcutta, 1864 Bart, Thomas Some year's Travels into Africa Herbert and Asia, London, 1674 Churchill Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. VI, London, 1732 Forrest, George Selections, Home Series, Vol. I, W. (Ed.) Bombay, 1887 Foster, William Early Travels in India, London, (Ed.) 1921 Fryer, John A New Account of East Indies and Persia (Ed. by William Crooke), Vols. I-III, London, 1909, 1912, 1915 Manucci, Niccolae Storia do Mogor, ( Eng. trans, by Venetian W. Irvine ), Vols. 1-II, 1907-08 Mundy, Peter The Travels of Peter Mundy in Europe and Asia, Vols I-II, London, 1907, 1914 Ovington, A Voyage to Surat, London, 1929 Roe, Sir Thomas The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe (Ed. by William Foster), Vols. I-II, London, 1899 (Reprint, 1926) Tavernier, Jean Travels in India, (Eng. Trans. by Baptist V. Ball), Vol. I, London, 1889 Terry, Edward A Voyage to East India, London, 1777 Thevenot, Jean de Jean de Thevenot's Travels into the Indies, (Eng. trans. by A. Lovell), Part III, London, 1787 Valle, Pietro Della The Travels of Pietro Della Valle (Eng. Trans. by Edward Grey), Vol.I, London, 1891

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sadabha sUci 1 486 (2) 74412ild ut (244) Bird, James History of Gujarat, London, 18.34 Burgess, James The Temples of Satrunjaya, Gandhi pagar, 1976 Campbell, James Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. III: Kaira (Ed.) and Panchamahals, Bombay, 1879: Vol. V: Cutch, Palanpur etc. Bombay, 1880; Vol. VI ; Rewakan tha etc.. Bombay, 1880 Commissariat, M.S. History of Gujarat, Vol. I, London 1938; -Vol. II, Bombay, 1957 -Imperial Mughal Farmaps in Gujarat, Bombay, 1940 -Mandelslo's Travels in Western India, London, 1931 --Studies in the History of Gujarat, Bombay, 1935 Cousens, H. Somanatha and other Mediaeval Temples in Kathiawad, Bombay, 1931 Danvers, F. C. The Portuguese in India, London, 1894 Desai, G. H. and Gazetteer of the Baroda State, Clarke, A. B. Vol. I, Bombay, 1923 Indraji, Bhagvanlal 'Early History of Gujarat, Gazetteer & Jackson, A.M.T. of the Bombay Presidency, Vol. I, Part I: History of Gujarat, Bombay, 1896 d.-$-38

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pa30 ] Majumdar, R. C. The Mughul Empire, Bombay, 1974 and others (Ed.) Mehta, N. C.. Studies in Indian Painting, Bombay, 1986 Palande, M. R.(Ed.) Gujarat State Gazetteer; Broach District, Ahmedabad, 1961 Sarkar, Jadunath History of Aurangzeb, Vol. I, Calcutta, | 1912; Vol.III, Calcutta, 1928 Sen, Surendranath Indian Travels of Thevenot and | (Ed.) Careri, Delhi, 1949 Sircar, D. C. Indian Epigraphy, New Delhi, 1965 Sompura, K. F. Structural Temples of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, 1968 (hiMdI) zakSA, . hI. bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, dillI, vi. saM. 1975 zAda, . ke. jaina sAhityakA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, vArANasI, 1969 (gujarAtI) AcArya, navInacaMdra A. mughalakAlIna gujarAtano itihAsa, amadAvAda,1974 kavi, narmadAzaMkara lA. kAThiyAvADa sarvasaMgraha, muMbaI, 1886 jeTa, ratnamaNirAva bhI. khaMbhAtane itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1935 -gUjarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda, amadAvAda, 1928 -gujarAtano sAMskRtika ItihAsaH IslAma yuga, khaMDa 4, amadAvAda, 1959 jozI, umAzaMkara purANomAM gujarAta, bhaugolika khaMDa, amadAvAda, 1946 jhaverI, lAla me. gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMthe, amadAvAda, 1945

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saMsazi 1 trivedI, I. vi. gujarAtanA muslimakAlanA saMskRta abhilekhAmAMthI maLatI mAhitI (TAipa karelI prata); amadAvAda, 1971 dezAI, mehanalAla da. jaina gUrjara kavio, bhA. 1-3, muMbaI 1926, 1931, 1944 - jaina sAhityanA saMkSipta itihAsa, muMbaI, 1933 dezAI, zaM, ha. jUnAgaDha ane giranAra, jUnAgaDha, 1975 desAI IzvaralAla I sUrata sonAnI mUrata, sUrata, 1958 nAyaka, choTubhAI ra. gujarAtanA nAgaronuM phArasI bhASA ane sAhityanuM kheDANa, amadAvAda, 1950 mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de. hiMda tattvajJAnane itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1962 parIkha, pravINa ci. bhAratane sAMskRtika ItihAsa (I.sa. 1000-1818), amadAvAda, 1974 parIkha, 2. che. ane gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, zAstrI, ha. gaM. (saM.) graMtha 5 : salatanata kAla, amadAvAda, 1977 pArekha, hIrAlAla tri. kavIzvara dalapatarAma haratalikhita pustakasaMgrahanI sUci, amadAvAda, 1930 muni, vidyAvijaya sUrIzvara ane samrATa, bhAvanagara, 1920 rAThoDa, rAmasiMhajI kA. kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana, amadAvAda, 1959 zAstrI, kezavarAma kA. kavicarita, bhA. 2 amadAvAda, 1941 --gUjarAtI hAthapratAnI saMkalita yAdI, amadAvAda, - 1939 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke. aitihAsika saMzAdhana, muMbaI, 1941 zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 1, amadAvAda, 1955 zAha, aMbAlAla che. jaina tIrtha sarvasaMgraha, bhA. 1, khaMDa 1, amadAvAda, 1953 sAMDesarA, bhegIlAla ja. anveSaNA, muMbaI, 1967 --ItihAsa ane sAhitya, amadAvAda, 1966 -vastupAlanuM vidyAmaMDaLa ane bIjA lekho, bhAvanagara, 1948 -zabda ane artha, muMbaI, 1954 -saMzodhananI keDI, amadAvAda, 1961 (marAThI) 3 zrIvAstavya, vidyAnaMda svAmI zrA marAThI tihAsi% kesa, mA. 1-2, muMchuM, 1936-37

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532] " mughala kAla * 2 prakaraNavAra (sAmAnya saMdarbhasUcimAM jaNAvelA graMtha sivAyanI) prakaraNa 1 Blochmann, H. 'Persian Inscriptions from Belgam, Sampgam, Gulbarga and Siddhapur', Indian Antiquary, Bombay, Vol. IV, 1875 Divanji, P. C. *Three Gujarati Legal Documents of the Moghul Period', Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vol. IV, Bombay, 1942 Gense, T. H. and 'The Gaikwads of Baroda : English Banaji, D. R.(Ed.) Documents, Vol. 1, Bombay, 1936 jAnI, aMbAlAla mu. zrI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnAM hastalikhita pustakonI savistara nAmAvali, bhA. 1, muMbaI, 1923 nAyaka, choTubhAI ra. gujarAtanA itihAsa mATenI arabI-phArasImAM upalabdha sAmagrI', "buddhiprakAza', pu. 107, amadAvAda, 1960 muni, jinavijaya pATaNanA be jUnA dastAveje, "purAtattva" pu. 4, amadAvAda, saM. 1982 zAstrI, durgAzaMkara ke. bANa kavi ane purANe, "purAtatva", pu. 5, amadAvAda, saM. 1983 zAstrI, ha. gaM, ane "amRtavarSiNI vAva", "kumAra", 5 41, amadAvAda somapurA, kAM. . sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. "upAdhyAya vinayavijayata IndaKtamAMnuM suratanuM varNana, "gujarAtamitra ane gujarAta darpaNa", dIpotsavI aMka, surata, saM. 2010 - gujarAtanAM jUnAM khatapatra ane dastAvejo, "graMtha ane graMthakAra', pR. 6, amadAvAda, 1935 -zrIjarIsIvarI", "buddhiprakAza", pR. 96, amadAvAda, 1949 1964

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saMdarbhasUci [[ : sAruM, no. 3. pezave daphatarAtUna nivaDalele kAgada, graMtha 12, muMbaI, 1932 prakaraNa 2 Bayley, E. C. History of Gujarat ; The Local Muhammadan Dynasties, Bombay, 1970 prakaraNa 3 Foster, William (Ed.) The Embassy of Sir Thomas Roe to India, Vol. I, London, 1926 --English Factories in India ; 1622-25, Oxford, 1906-27 Dighe, V. G. prakaraNa 4 Peshwa Baji Rao I and Maratha Expansion, Poona, 1944 Later Mughals, Vol. II, Calcutta, 1922 Irwine, William prakaraNa 5 Patel, G. D. (Ed.) Gujarat State Gazetteer : Kutch District, Ahmedabad, 1971 jozI, jogIdAsa aM. IDara rAjyane ItihAsa, bhA. 1, hiMmatanagara, 1924 dezAI, zaM. ha. saurASTrane itihAsa, jUnAgaDha, 1968 dvivedI, AtmArAma ke. ka7 dezane itihAsa, muMbaI, 1876 navAbajhAdA, tAlemahaMmadakhAna pAlanapura rAjyane itihAsa, bhA. 1, pAlanapura,1913 parIkha, pra. ci. nijAnaMda (praNAma) saMpradAya ane saMta prANanAtha', Urmi navaracanA", varSa 44, rAjakoTa, 1973 ratanuM bhAvadAnajI bhI. zrI yaduvaMzaprakAza ane jAmanagarane itihAsa, jAmanagara, 1934

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53) mughala kAla zAstrI, ke. kA. pazcima saurASTra: itihAsanI ArasImAM "guja rAtI sAhitya pariSada, porabaMdara adhivezana smaraNikA", porabaMdara, 1976 - saurASTranI aitihAsika nagarI-1, mAMgaroLa soraTha, porabaMdara, 1967 zAha, amRtalAla ga. bhArata rAjyamaMDala, bhA. 1, vaDodarA, 1902 zAha, tri. o.; "parabaMdaranA zAMtinAtha-jinAlayanA be zilAlekhe, vorA, maNibhAI ane "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAnuM saimAsika", pu. 30, DhakI, madhusUdana muMbaI, 1965 pariziSTa 1 Fawcet, Charles English Factories in India (Western Presidency), Vol. I, London, 1936 Rawlinson, H. G. British Beginnings in Western India, 1579-1657, Oxford, 1920 Boman-Behram, B. K. Dighe, V. G. Duff, James G. pariziSTa 2 Rise of Municipal Government in the City of Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, 1937 Peshwa Baji Rao I and Maratha Expansion, Poona, 1944 History of the Mahrattas, Vol I, New Delhi, 1971 New History of the Marathas, Vol. I, Bombay, 1957 zrI mahArAjA sayAjIrAva gAyakavADa ( tisare ) yAMce __caritra, khaMDa 1, baDaudA, 1936 gaminava sayAgI,-, - Sardesai, G. S. mATe, vAM. nA viSNuparizara, ba. ka.

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H'sh*tfall [434 prakaraNa 6 Moreland, W. H. The Agrarian System of Moslem India, Cambridge, 1929 Saran, P. Provincial Government of the Mughals, Allahabad, 1941 Sarkar, J. N. Mughal Administration, Calcutta, 1963 11488 GHID . 17424yur", "Jerald : 215 482244", 24.HELNE, 1961 pariziSTa Ahmad, K. M. "Note on the Coins in the Cabinet of the Hyderabad Museum', Annual Report of the Archaeological Department of H. E. H. Nizam's Dominion. App. L. F. 1340, Calcatta, 1933 Allan, J. "Some Rare Mughal Coins', NS, No. 16, Calcutta, 1910 Beveridge, H. 'Salimi Coins', NS, No. 12, Calcutta, 1909 Hodivala, S. H. The Chronology of the Zodiacal Coins', NS, No. XLI, Calcutta, 1928 -- The Coins bearing the name of Nu Jahan', NS, No. XLII, Calcutta, 1929 -- Notes on Mughal Mint Towns', NS, No. XXXIV, Calcutta 1920 ---Porbandar or Parenda ? ', NS, No. XXXI, Calcutta, 1918 Lall, Panna 'A Rare Coin of Akbar', NS, No. XXVI, Calcutta, 1916 --An Unpublished Coin of Akbar', NS, No. XXVI, Calcutta, -

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138) mughala kAla Master, A. A Chabar Tanki of Akbar', NS, No. XVII, Calcutta, 1922 _The Gujarat Mabmudi', NS, No. XXIV, Calcutta, 1912 Mughal Emperors ', Ns, No IV, Calcutta, 1904 Paruck, F. D. J. "Unpublished Mughl Coins', NS, No. XXXVII, Calcutta, 1923 Saboor, M. A., 'Some Rare Coins in Central Provin ces', NS, No XXXIX, Calcutta, 1925 Singhal, C. R. Mint Towns of the Mughal Emperors of India, Bombay, 1953 --Some New Coins in the Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay', Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. XII, Bombay, 1950 Taylor, G. P. 'Akbar's Copper Coins of Ahmeda bad', NS, No. IV, Calcutta, 1904 --A Copper Coin from the Nahrwala Shabr Pattan Mint', NS, No. XXIV Calcutta, 1914 -A Zodiacal Half Rupee', NS, No. V, Calcutta, 1905 --'On the Coins of Gujarat Fabric', NS, No. II, Calcutta, 1904 --'On the Date of Salimi Coins', NS, Nos. I, & XI, Calcutta, 1904, 1908 --The Coins of Surat', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XXII, Bombay, 1908

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Vost, W. 'Wright, H. N. sada sUci [ 537 --'The Mughal Coins of Cambay', NS, No XX, Calcutta, 1912 Whitehead, R. B. Some Notable Coins of the Mughal Emperors', Part I, Numismatic Chronicle, Vol. III (5 th series), London, 1923 Chopra, P. N. --The Mughal Coins of Junagadh', NS, No. XIX, Calcutta, 1912 --'On the Identity of the Gujarat Fabric Coins and Surat Mahmudis', NS, NO. VI, Calcutta, 1905 --'Some Coins from Limbdi Treasury, NS, No. XIV, Calcutta, 1910 'Some New Mughal Mints and Rare Mughal Rupees', NS, No.XI, Calcutta, 1908 'The Copper Coinage of Murad Bakhsh', NS, No. I, Calcutta, 1904 -'The Double Rupees of Surat Mint NS, No. V, Calcutta, 1905 -'Rare Mughal Coins', JNSI., Vol. I. Bombay, 1939 prakaraNa 7 Some Aspects of Society and Culture during the Mughal Age, 1526-1707, Agra, 1955 Mujmudar, M. R. 'A Trilingual Inscription at a Step well at Petlad', Journal of the Univer. sity of Bombay, Vol. V, Bombay, 1937

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pa38] mughala kAla Sharma, Shri Ram, Mughal Government and Adminis tration, Bombay, 1951 Shrivastav, Ashir- Medieval Indian Culture, Agra, 1964 badilal kherI, edalajI jamazedajI dukALa vize nibaMdha, amadAvAda, 1884 sAMDesarA, bhegIlAla ja. pATaNanA be zilAlekho', "buddhiprakAza", varSa 83, amadAvAda, 1936 --madhyakAlIna gujarAtI sAhitya' "svAdhyAya , pu. 12, vaDodarA, 1975 -bAgalakAlIna gujarAtanA be vIra mutsaddIo, svAdhyAya," pu. 1, vaDodarA, 1964 prakaraNa 8 kavi narmadAzaMkara lA. gujarAta sarvasaMgraha, muMbaI, 1887 jJAnI, raNachoDalAla gha. gujarAtanA itihAsane lagatA sikkAo, "zrI. buddhivardhaka vyAkhyAnamALA", puSpa 1-2, muMbaI, 1934-35 sAMDesarA, bhegIlAla ja, "sanInI pArasI', "buddhiprakAza', pR. 99, amadA vAda, 1952 Rahman, M. L. anasArI, nUrUla hasana saiyada, abdullA nAhaTA, agaracaMda prakaraNa 9 Persian Literature in India during the time of Jahangir and shah Jahan, | Baroda, 1970 phArasI adaba ba ahade auraMgajeba. dillI, 1969 adabiyAte phArasIme hinduoMkA hissA, dillI, 194 2 'mahAkavi meghavijaya aura unake graMtha', "nAgarI pracAriNI vatriA " varSa paNa, vazI, saM. 2007 -yugapradhAna zrIjinadattari, kalakattA, vi. saM. 2003 jene saMskRta sAhityano ItihAsa, bhA. 1-2, vaDedarA, 1968 kApaDiyA, hI. ra.

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saMdarbhasUci [pahae jhaverI, ku. me. telIvAlA, mUlacaMdra tu. dezAI mohanalAla da. gujarAtIoe lakhelA phArasI graMtha, amadAvAda,19. "zrIpuruSottamajI, "puSTibhaktisudhA,varSa pa... muMbaI, zrIvallabhASya 437 kavivara samayasuMdara', jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka," khaMDa 2, pUnA, 1925 -yugapradhAna jinacaMdrasUri, - , - ha. vajIhuddIna zAha gujarAtI (raha), amadAvAda, 1968 zrI puruSottamajI, mahesANA, visaM. 2032 gujarAtI bhASAne vikAsa ane arvAcIna gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa, amadAvAda, 1965 paramAra, caMdra parIkha, ramezabhAI vi. zAstrI, kezavarAma kA. prakaraNa 10 Chaghatai, M. A. Muslim Monuments of Ahmedabad through their Inscriptions, Poona, 1942 parIkha, pra. ci. gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIno lipivikAsa, amadAvAda, 1974 - gujarAtI lipi", "vAka, rAjakeTa, 1969 paMDayA, a. va. (saM.) valabhavidyAnagara saMzodhana patrikA, pu. 1, aMka 2, vallabhavidyAnagara, 1958 priyeLakara, anaMta kA. gujarAtI mudraNakaLAnuM Adiparva', "phArbasa guja rAtI sabhA saimAsika", pu. 13, muMbaI, 1949 rAvata, bacubhAI "lipivikAsa", "kumAra". pu. 34,amadAvAda,1957. zAstrI, vrajalAla kA. gujarAtI bhASAne itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1886 Karaka, D. F. prakaraNa 11 History of the Parsis, Vol. I, London, - 1884

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mughala kAla Modi, J. J. 'A Farman of the Emperor Jahangir in Favour of Two Parsis of the Dordi Family of Naosari', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XXV, Bombay. 1921 --'The Parsis at the Court of Akbar and Dastur Meherji Rana', Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol. XXL, Bombay, 1904. cAvaDA, vijayasiMha ki. bhAratIya saMskRtinA vikAsamAM videzanA saMparkanI asara, amadAvAda, 1972 DrAIvara, perIna dArAM sattaramA zatakamAM pArasI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA (TAipa karelI nakala), amadAvAda, 1971 - tArAparavAlA, eca ja. "pArasIonuM hiMdamAM Agamana tathA temane tyAra pachIno itihAsa', "buddhiprakAza', pR. 83, amadAvAda 1936 - derAsarI, DAhyAbhAI pI. "janIbAI-eka prAcIna zakti kavayitrI', chaThThI guja. rAtI sAhitya pariSadane ahevAla amadAvAda 1923 paTela. e. e. pArasI prakAza, graMtha 1, muMbaI, 1878-88 - balasArA, 5. phI. pArasI itihAsanAM jANavA jega prakaraNe, - - bhaTTI, nAgajIbhAI ke. "kacchanI sAMskRtika yAtrA, "pathika', varSa 13, amadAvAda, 1973 mahetA, narmadAzaMkara de. zAkta saMpradAya, muMbaI, 1973 muni, jinavijaya jUnI gujarAtImAM eka jaina aitihAsika carcA, "purAtattva', pR. 3, amadAvAda, saM. 1981 rAThoDa, rAmasiMhajI kacchanI vrajabhASA pAThazALA, "kacchamitra", dIpotsavI aMka, saM. 2029, bhUja, 1973 - zAstrI, ke. kA. zrIvallabhAcArya mahAprabhujI, vaDedarA, 1955 - zAstrI, du. ke. vaiSNava dharmane saMkSipta ItihAsa, muMbaI, 1978 -zaivadharmane saMkSipta ItihAsa, muMbaI, 1976 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla ja. anusmRti, amadAvAda, 1973

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saMdarbha sUci 1482 prakaraNa 13-14 Burgess, J. Mubammadan Architecture of Ahmedabad, Part II, London, 1950 Burgess J. and Architectural Antiquities of Northern Cousens, H. Gujarat, London, 1903 'Decorative Arts', Bulletin of National Museum, New Delhi, no. 1, New Delhi, 1966 Fergusson, J. Architecture at Abmedabad, London, 1866 Goetz, H. Gujarati Wood-Sculpture', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Special issue, Vol VI, Part I-II, Baroda, 1948-49 _ The Post Medieval Sculptures of Gujarat', Bulletin of the Baroda Museum and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, part I'-II, Baroda, 1947-48 ---The Pretty Archaic style in Old Gujarati Sculpture', Journal of Gujarat Research Society, Vol. VIII, Bombay, 1946 Khakbar, D. P. Report on the Architectural and Archaeological Remains in the Province of Kachh, Bombay, 1879 Majmudar, M, R. Gujarat ; Its Art-Heritage, Bombay 1968 Mehta, R. N. Gadadhar Temple at Shamlaji', Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda, Vol. XV, Baroda, 1966

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5 ] mughala kAla Rapp, E. L. 'An Armanian Epigraph at Ahmeda bad', Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XVII, Baroda, 1967 Trivedi, R. K. Wood Carving of Gujarat, Delhi, 1965 gokANI, puSkarabhAI eTa zaMkhe dvAra, dvArakA sarvasaMgraha dvArakA, 1973 -gaudAnI, harilAla " kAzmIra mahAdeva, vADajanI lakSmInArAyaNanI pratimA,' "janasattA" tA. 3-3-74, amadAvAda, 1974 - jaina maMdira, sAbalI(ji. sAbarakAMThA)', "nUtana gujarAta", tA. 1-2-70, amadAvAda 1970 -zAmaLAjInuM maMdira, gorela (ji. sAbarakAMThA), "nUtana gujarAta", tA. 14-9-1969, amadAvAda, 1969 jeTa, ranamaNirAva bhI. semanAtha, amadAvAda, 1949 dave, kanIyAlAla bhA. aMbikA, koTezvara ane kuMbhAriyA, vaDodarA, 1963 -gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna, amadAvAda, 1963 dave, I. aM. ane mahetA gujarAta sthaLanAma, saMsada vyAkhyAnamALA, bhA. 1, - 2. nA. (saM.) vaDedarA, 1965 navAba, sArAbhAI bhAratanAM jaina tIrtho ane temanuM zilpa-sthApatya, amadAvAda, 194ra nANAvaTI, jayendra ane gujarAtanI jAla-samRddhi, "kumAra', pR. 40, DhAMkI, madhusudana amadAvAda, 1963 paTela, e. e. suratanI tavArIkha, surata 1890 bhaTTa, na. caM. khaMbhAtanuM sAMskRtika darzana, khaMbhAta, 1976 bhaTTI, nAgajIbhAI ke. nArAyaNa sarovara, amadAvAda 1973 maganalAla vakhatacaMda amadAvAdane itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1851 mahetA, 2. nA. vaDanagaranI zilpasamRddhi, "AcArya vijayavallabhasari smAraka graMtha, muMbaI, 1956 muni, jayaMtavijaya zaMkhezvara mahAtIthara, bhA. 1-2, ujajaina, saM.1998

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- saMdabha sUci [543 muni, yazavijaya pATaNanA jaina maMdiramAM eka suMdara kASThapaTa," "AcArya vijyavalabhasUri smAraka graMtha", muMbaI, 1956 muni, vizAlavijaya kAvI-gaMdhAra-jhagaDiyA, bhAvanagara, 1957 modI, rA. cu. ane pATaNane paricaya, pATaNa, 1933 zAha, zAM. ge. vALaMda, narottama bahucarAjI, vaDodarA, 1968 -zAstrI, du. ke. gujarAtanAM tIrthasthAne, vaDodarA, 1928 zAstrI, ha. gaM. ane amRtavarSiNI vAva," "kumAra", pu. 41, amadAvAda, semapurA, kAM. kU. 1964 zeTha, ma. cha. zrI bhAriyAjI tIrtha, bhAvanagara, saM. 2003 semapurA, kAM. ku. "zrI dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira', "dvArakA sarvasaMgraha, dvArakA, 1973 prakaraNa 15 Brown, W. Norman'Early Vaishnav Miniature Paintings from Western India', Eastern Art, Vol. II, 7, 1930 Majmudar, M. R. "A Fifteenth Century Gita-Govinda Manuscript with Gujarati Painting', Journal of the University of Bombay, Vol. VI, part vi, Bombay, 1938 - Earliest Devimahatmya Miniatures with special reference to Sakti Worship in Gujarat', Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, Vol. VI, Calcutta, 1938 - Some Illustrated MSS of the Gujarat School of Painting', Proceedings and Transactions of the Seventh All India Oriental Conference, Baroda, 1933 .-Two Illustrated MSS of the Bhaga. vata Dasamaskandha ', Lalit Kala, No. 8, New Delhi, 1960

Page #571
544] muja kAla Mehta, Nanalal C. "A New Document of Gujarati Painting-A version of Gita-Govinda," Journal of the Gujarat Research Society, Vol. VII, Issue 4, Bombay, 1945 --Studies in Indian Painting, Bombay, 1926 Mehta, N. C. & The Golden Flute : Indian Painting Motichandra and Poetry, New Delhi, 1962 Motichandra & New Documents of Jain Painting, Shab, U. P. Bombay, 1975 navAba, sArAbhAI ma. jaina citrakalpadruma, graMtha 2, amadAvAda, 1958 majamUdAra, maMjulAla 2. "gujarAtI citrakalA," "zrI phArbasa gujarAtI maimAsika", pu. 8, aMka 3-4, muMbaI, 1943-44 rAvaLa, ravizaMkara ma. "pAMDarazIMgAnAM bhIMtacitro, "gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLanuM trimAsika pu. 1, aMka 4, muMbaI, 1979 vyAsa, kAMtilAla ba. "sattaramA zatakanI gujarAtI citrajyA," "gujarAta saMzodhana maMDaLanuM trimAsika", pu. 10, muMbaI, 1948 zAha, umAkAMta che. soLamA saikAnI gujarAtI citrazailI', "svAdhyAya, pu. 7, vaDodarA, 1969 pariziSTa Rawlinson, H. G. * Jean De Thevenot's Account of Surat, Indian Antiquary, Vol. LVI Bombay, 1927.

Page #572
vizeSa nAmanI zabdasUci akhegItA" 309 akherAja 134-137, 138, 147, akabara (1 lo) 10, 11-15, 21, 24, 25, 33, 3647, 49, 50, 78, 12, 126, 127, 13, 139, 140, 149, 154, 155, 166, 168, 192-194, 202, 203, 206, 210, 211, 214-217, 219, 232, 237, 238, 241, 245, 249, 257, 26, 265, 26, 271, 272, 278, 288-292, 294- 296, 325, 328, 33, 366, 370-374, 376382, 385-387, 384, 404, 407, 409, 415, 417, 4ra7, 434, 435, 437 441, 444, 445, 483. akabare 2 je 223, 237 akabaranAmA' 1, 2, 91 ajhAmuddIna 260, 383 akhabArUda Atila akaramIna 381 i.-6-35 akho 19, 270, 28, 287, 309 agravAla, De. vAsudevazaraNa 237 acalagaDha 17 aja (ajojI) 162 ajamera 41, 47 55, 5, 7, 71, 101, 203. ajitasiMha 81,82, 90, 93, 94, 96-98, 101, 121, 143, 144, 158 276, 322 ajI 293 ajojI 48, 12, 123, 138 ajhIjha kokA 26, 38-41, 43, 44, 4-53, 59, 120, 148, 162, 249, 404, 409, 444, 492 aDAlaja 62, 5, 105, 407 aDAsa 178 aNahilapura-aNahilavADa pATaNa 18, 223, 24, 298, 320, 384, 405, 43

Page #573
546) mIlA ceAvIsI 137 adesi'hajI 143 adAjI 1 lA 127, 128 adAjI 2 jo 128-130, 164 adhyAtmakapadruma 298 adhyAtmaparIkSA' 300 adhyAtmabiMdu' 300 adhyAtma-rAmAyaNa 314 mughala sala anAvADA 364, 405 'anAvilapurANu' 312 anupasiddha bhaMDArI 97,98 anubhavAnaMda (nAthabhavAna) 308, 314, 363 apabhraMza zailI 483 aphaghAnistAna 149 abajI bhaNasALI 13 amul kAsIma 46, 89 amulakhaira 356 abula skUla 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 51, 206, 2}}, 382, 401 abula phlazAhI 85 abU turAba alI re, 37, 38, 46, 193, 380, 445 abU turAba zIrAjho 330 bU bakkara enDrusa 453 abU 14 214, 357 ad-una-nabI 380 abdurrahIma 2, 3, 37, 44, 47, 37, 91, 194 abdur rahemAna 91, 356 abdula ajhIjha 92, 111, 160 abdulUkavI muphtI 383 abdula khalaka saiyadma 448 abdula gaphura 267 abdula rAhakhAna 453 abdula maleka 329 abdula latI 325 abdula vahAbakhAna 254, 323, 351, 355, 383, 384, 448, 449 abdula hakIma 442 abdula nakkI nehAvadI ra abdula hamIda lAhArI 3. 83, 84, 88, 95 abdullA zekha 104 abdullA saiyada 953 abdullA-usa-sulatAnI 249 abdullAkhAna 53, 54, 57 59, 457 abhayadevasUri 376 abhayasi 93, 94, 104-108, 130-132, 144, 15, 151, 157-159, 18, 182-184, 274, 393 abharAmakukSI 19 'abhidhAnanAmamAlA' 293 abhimanyu-AkhyAna' 310 abhirAjajI 165 abhesiMha 127, 128

Page #574
rAti amadAvAda 4, 5, 8-11, 16, 18-21, 23-24, 35-38, 40, 45-47, 5012, 54-60, }2-}}, 68-72, 74-78, 80, 81, 83-85' 88-96, 98-106, 18110, 112-111, 119, 120, 123, 130, 134, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 151, 152, 155, 156, 159, 161, 170, 171, 174, 178, 18-189, 192, 200, 234, 214-231, 233, 236, 239, 244, 246248,250-252, 260, 261, 264-267, 269, 270, 272, 273, 276, 279, 281, 282, 290, 292, 297, 299; 302, 304, 301, 309, 313, 314, 319, 321-331, 350357, 365. 367, 368, 370-372,375, 380, 381, 383-386, 389, 390-392, 397, 399, 400, 403, 44, 407, 416, 417, 419, 420, 422, 423, 425, 431, 448-45, 452, 453- 455, 45, 467, 469, 472, 474, 477, 479, re 481, 489, 491, 492, 495, 498, 499, 500, 503, 105 --amRtavarSiNI vAva 21, 422 --kAzIvizvanAtha maMdira 469 --gujarAta vidyAsabhA 321 --ciMtAmaNi--pArzvanAthanuM madira 16, 20, 25, 440 -443 --jagavallabha pArzvanAtha maMdira 470, 470 --devazAnA pADAnA bhaMDAra 485, 48, 488 --dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira 4789 ------tIlakaMTha mahAdevanuM maMdira 467 --pArzvanAtha maMdira 476 --pIra muhammadazAhane! rAtre 352, 356 --bhA. je. vidyAbhavana 486,491 -ell. 6. vidyAmaMdira 471, 474, 485, 487 saradArakhAnanA rAjo 9, 355, 449, 450 --saMbhavanAthanuM maMdira 470 amadAvAdanA tihAsa' 44ra amaracaMdraNa 299 amarajI 251 amarasa dha7 164 amarasiMhajI 128-130, 164, 165 amarisaMha bhaMDArI 105, 106 amarelI 443 --mahaMta kezavadAsajInuM maMdira 479

Page #575
548] ala kAle ' amalapura 6 amale sAleha 3 amInakhAna gherI 37,40,41, 45, . 48, 133, 406 amIrakhAna 7 amRtagaNi 299 arajanasiMha 165 araDAI 123 araNeja 363, 300 arabastAna 170, 26, 264. 265, 380 arabI 6, 8 arahAra-mAtara 94 arjanagItA 308 ajanajI 1le 137 alI muhammadakhAna 4, 5, 24, 324, 370, 303 alImohana 53 alIrAjapura 53 alI zerakhAna 155 a9pamAna 375, 405 allAha, muhammada 357 avicaladAsa 307 azvamedhaparva 305-307, 311 aSTAdhyAyI 297 asaphaudaulA 90, 91 asaphakhAna 41, 54 asaphayiAranAmA 323 asija 117 askarI miyAna 448 askarI mIrajhA 35 arpadayAra cAMda 388 ahamada 81 ahamada khaMtavI 261 ahamadakhAna baha 37 ahamadanagara 10, 147, 148, 148, 192, 321, 399 ahamada bina sulemAna 327 ahamada bukhArI 71 ahamadazAha (mughala) 6.10, 112, 113, 134, 137, 222, 229, 231, 235, 36, 273, 324 ahamadazAha 1 la 402 ahamadazAha ra je 236 "ahale bavata' 326 aMkalezvara 9, 1.8, 388, 389 ajunadAsa 141, 14ra ajunadeva 133 arjunasiMhajI 128, 100-132 aNukiraNa 18 arthazAstra" 270 alaIyA' 163 alAuddIna khalajI 375, 402, 405 alAuddIna masUda 459 alAuddIna lodI 34 alAhAbAda 74 aliyAjI 118, 125 alI 214, 357 alIkhAna kAjI 453, 481 aloka 357

Page #576
aMgaviSTi' 314 aMjAra 119, 485, 491 a`tAjI 103 *badevasUri 316 bharamalika 148 akharAja 133 zabdazi 'a'barISAkhyAna' 305, 30 aMbAjI 133, 439 "AIne akabarI' 5, 6, 12, 199, 266, 294 AgamasuMdaragaNuM 302 AgrA 12, 35, 38, 41, 50, 55, 56, 69 70, 173, 279, 282, 321, 349, 48, 499-501 AjI harajI 307 AjhamakhAna 13, 24, 26, 61, 121, 123, 267, 270, 314, 355, 392, 407, 417, 500 AjhamazAhe 81-83, 177, 227, 231, 233 AjhamAbAda 25, 62, 78, 80, AjhAdakhAna 103 ANaMda 239, 485 ANu si'hajI 143-145 'Adipa' 305, 306, 309, 339-341 Adila khAna 149 AdhoI 125 AnaMdapura 303 AnaMdarAma 250 AnaMdarAva 186 Ana siMha 107 AppAjI gaNeza 391 AphrikA 264, 265 [ vre Ayu 17, 363, 368, 360, 374, 425 'AbhANukazataka' 298 AmaliyA 411 Amoda 101, 311 AraNyakapa' 307 ArabhaDA 138-140, 363 ArAdhanApatAkA 317 ArAsaNa 20, 370, 430 ArAsura 363, 491 'A kumArarAsa' 484, 485 AlamagIra 2 ja 10, 113,222, 229-231, 236, 270 AvaradAsa 164 AzakaraNa-AsakaraNa 128, 133, 164 AsaNIkoTTa 487 Asapura 400 AsaphajahAM 158 sarasetA 148 AsoyAnagara 491 AMgiyAra 173 'ikabAlanAma-e-jahAMgIrI' 3 RkhtiyAra-ula-mulka 37, 40, 41 RtamAda-ud-daulA 325 pratimAdakhAna 36-38, 45-47 193

Page #577
55) mu kAla. InAyatapura 400 inAyatullAkhAna 78 IbrAhImakhAna 24, 83-85, 88, 89, 178 IbrAhIma lodI 33, 34 ibrAhIma husena 38, 44 IbrAhIma, zekha 261 imAda-ul-muka 34, 35 ImAma maheMdI 64 ImAmuddIna 383 IrAka 61, 260 irIyAvahikA viMzikA 290 ilAhI sana 10, 21, 23, 24, 215, 216, 218 isAkhAna 415 IsAtarakhAna, mistrI 24 isAtarakhAna, mIrajhA 135, 415 isAturakhAna 64 ismAIla kulI khAna 47 iramAIla mIra 150 IsmAIla saphavI 157 islAmakhAna 61 islAmanagara (jAmanagara) 10, 37, 234 270 islAmAbAda 322 igleMDa 55, 26, 173, 279, 395, 495, 504 ita 177 297 dAvatI (prANanAtha) 312 IDara 40, 41, 44, 47, 53 58, 65, 73, 7, 10, 107, 133, 134, 140145, 148, 155, 165, 180, 194, 28, 292, 296, 375, 376, 407 -raNamala cokI 468, 479 Ijha-ud-dIna 154 IrAna 9 10, 38, 11, 149 157, 244, 267, 264, ra65, 273, ra79, 319, 4pa0, 496, 498, 504 IrAnazAha 396 IlorA 18 IzvaradAsa 250, 320, IzvaravivAha' 308, 362 Isanapura 400 IsA 83 IsAka 447 uktitaranAkara" 297 ujajana 56, 68, 69 'uttarAdhyayanakathAsaMgraha' 289 * uttarAdhyayanasUtra" ra97, 484, 485, 488, udayakaraNa 149, 179 udayakIti 297 udayavijaya 298 udayasiMha (khIcI cauhANa) 146 udayasiha 1 lo (laMkI) 147 2 (selaMkI) 148 udayasiMhajI (jhAlA) 130, 164

Page #578
ING udayasiMha (paramAra) 134 udayasiMha (cittoDa) 138 udayaratna 218 udayarAma 322 udayaharSa 374, 486, 487 udavADA 389 udAjI pavAra 146, 180 udekaraNa 138 udepura 41, 101, 141 u-dabIra, hAjI 380 uddhava 307 udyamakama' 314 udyogaparva' 306, 307 unnatanagara (unA) 290 upadezamAlA 485 uparakoTa 152, 153, 406 upaleTA 125, 363 umara 214, 357 umarakhAna 35 umaragAma 389 umareTha 248, 305, 423, 479 umAbAI 106, 151, 182-184, 187 ulughakhAna 37 usmAna 214, 357 usmAnakhAna 149, 155, 157, UnA 13, 18, 369, 374, 424 UMjhA 82 RjutrAjJavyAkaraNa 294 RSabhadAsa 14, 318 aSabhazataka' 289 ekAdazaskaMdha" 314 ekAdazI mAhAmya 305, 306 eDavarDa 45 esa, abdullA 454 esa, nAne 454 ekasa, zekha saiyada 414 ebisiniyA 264 ebrosa pa2 elijhAbetha, rANuM 265 elDavarka, Tomasa 171, 17ra eziyA 497 okisaDansa 173 enaMdana 420 okhA 363 okhAmaMDaLa 138, 139 'okhAharaNu" 305, 308, 310, 362 girabI 501 ocojI 131 eto 140 rapADa 313 eramajha 264 viMTana 172, 282, 505 oNsTriyA 175 auraMgajheba 3, 4, 6-8, 10, 11 25, 43, 64-72, 74, 75, 77, 70-81, 8385, 88, 89, 105, 12, 124, 128, 138, 149, 150, 156, 170, 174, 176, 177, 192, 221, 222, 227, 228, 230235, 241, 25, 246, 250, 251, 254, 263,

Page #579
552) 268, 270, ra7ra, 273, 275, 277, 281, 283, 302, 320-322, 330, 355, 356, 370, 374, 275, 378, 382-385, 387, 406, 409, 412, 413, 419, 4ra1, 429, 434, 437, 4jara, 443, 447, 449, 451-453, 501, 502 auraMgAbAda 18, 69, 298 karacha 49,48, 49, 53, 70,71, 76, 118, 11, 125, 147, 135, 138, 165, 185, 193, 216, 269, ra70, 26, 292, 31, 361, 363, 370, 371, 377, 425, 420, 430, 467, 468, 474, 479,485 karachIgaDha 119 kaTAriyA 118, 125 kaDANa 134 kaDI 25, 37, 41, 46, para, 66, 73, 86, 415, 443 -darabAragaDha 354 kaNabI desAI 149 katAragAma ra78, 420 kathAkeza" 292 kAratnAkara" 289 kanakakuzala 291 ha 135 kanubhahaphjha 4 kantAgrAma (katAragAma) ra78 kapaDavaMja 62, 103, 180, 184 kapUracaMda bhaNasALI 92, 93, 98, 273, 276 kapUracaMdane rAsaDo" 19 kaptAna viliyama hekinsa 495 kabIra 378 kamalavijayarAsa' 289 kamalavijayagaNi ra99 kamAM 54 kamAlakhAna 142, 155,156, 421 -karNakamAla 156 kamAla sI husena phirojhI 329 kamAluddInakhAna 154 kamAluddIna bAbI (javAMmadakhAna) 157 kaheDu 299 karajhA 155 karaNajI 103 karaNadeva 147 karaNo 138 karaNasiMga (jAma) 122 karaNasiMha (cauhANa) 145 karaNasiMhajI (ziyANuM) 128 karaNasiMha (paramAra) 134 karaNasiMha (rAThoDa) 143, 143 karaNasiMha (lakhatara) 131 karamalakhAna 37 karasanadAsa 149 karamadAdakhAna 152, 257

Page #580
zAsa karImAbAda 157 karNakamAla (juo kamAlakhAna) karNakutUhala 296 karNaparva 307 karNapura 37 karmacaMdra 15 karmacaMdravaMzAvalI prabaMdha" 15 karmaparIkSA 288 karmAzAha 288 kalakattA 228, 487 kalAbAI 126 kalAlacaMda munazI 321 kalojI 1 le (dhoLa) 123 kalojI 2 je (ka) 12 kalojI (bAvaLI) 130 kalola 304, 309 kalpasatra 288, 294, 297, 299, 484 kalyANa 164 kilyANadeva 133 kalyANamala 133, 134, 141, 165 kalyANamaMdira stotram 291, 292, 23 kalyANasiMha 133 "kasturIprakara 289 kahAnajI 67 kihAnadeva 133 kiMthAjI kadama baDe 101, 103, 133, 136, 157, 178, 19, 180, 181, 183, 184, 190 kaMdahAra 46 kaMdhAra (gaMdhAra) 199 kaMsavadha" 306 kAkosI 156 kAjI-ulU-kujajAta 384 kAcha kherullAhakhAna 92 kAThI, karapaDA 13ra kAThI, khavaDa 132 kAtaMtravizvamasUtra-TIkA" 300 kAdaMbarI' 14, 17, 28, 287, 295 kAdaMbarIkathAnaka' 195 kAdaMbarI-sAra" 295 kAnajI 146, 147 kAnaDadeva 133 kAnajI tAkapora 151 kAnAnI cAturI" 314 kAnajI 123 kAnajI bhoMsale 182 kAnhaDade prabaMdha' 316 kAnhaDadeva 58 kAbula 101, 264,406 kAmagArakhAna 3 kAmadIna baherAma 388 kAmAvatInI vArtA 314 kAratalabakhAna 451 kAravaNa 146 kAlakAcAryakathA' 484 kAlanirNayasiddhAMta 292, 301 kAlarIgaDha 147 kAlAvaDa 123, 163, 363, 423 kAlikAcArya kathA" ra91 kAlikAno garabo" 314

Page #581
saha kAla kAlidAsa 291, 292, 300, 36ra kAlola 406 kAvI 268, 370, 4ra3, 4rapa, 4ra6, 428 "kAvyakalpalatAvRtti ra93 kAvyaprakAzakhaMDana' 285 kAvyaprakAza-vRtti' ra95 kAzI 315 kAzmIra 13, 6, 85 kAsImakhAna 68, 69 kAhAna-harAsata 305 kahAna-harajIsuta 307 kALIpATa 123 kAMkareja 53, 120, 156, 166, 277 kAMkarolI 489 kAThI 118, 125 kAMtivijaya 16 kajI 1lo 137 kadhijI raje 137 kAMdhojI 3je 137 kayiojI 118, 119, 125, 128, 13, 131 kahI Acha 163 'kiraNAvalITIkA' 288 kirAtAjInIyara 287, 300, 301 killA 111 kizanacha vaidya (be) 322 kizoradAsa 149 kissA-e-saMjANa" 323 kIko 147 kAti kallolinI ra89 kIrti vigaNi ra96 kutiyANa 7, 1ra7, 261, 30 356, 443 kutubazAha 382 kubuddIna 72, 73, 121, 124 kubuddInakhAna 51, 75 kubuddInakhAna pezagI 71 kubuddIna muhammadakhAna 39, 354 444 kube-Alama 254 kutullAha sAdikI 4 4 // 210 kumatikuddAla' 377 kumativiSAhiAMgulI rahyuM kumArasaMbhava" 287, 296, 487 kurAna 77, 209, 257, 2600 322, 326 kulIkhAna 47 kulIjhakhAna 40, 51, para, 140 kuvrata-ulUislAma 64, 378 kuzAyasanAmA' 320 kuMaravijaya 14 kuMarajI kara8 kuMbhAriyA 423, 45, 430, 470 kuMbhojI 1le (jADejA) 124 che 2 je (jADejA) 125, 15ra, 153

Page #582
55. kuMbha (sUtha) 134, 135 kuMbha rANe (luNAvADA) 147 kuMvarakuzala 377 kuMvarajI (pATaNa) 371, 428 kuMvarajI (khaMbhAta) 420, 429 kuMvarajI mahetA (nAgara) 250 kuMvarajI nAnAbhAI modI 388 "kuMvarabAInuM mosALuM" 304 kuMvarasiMha 147 kUphI zailI 348-350 kRpArasake za" 13, 292, 295 kRpAzaMkara nAgara 392 kRSNa 180 kRNa-zivadAsa 306 kRSNadAsa 36 kRSNadAsa (aSTachApa) 368 kRSNadAsa-goviMdadAsariSya 306 kRSNadAsa-pUjAsuta 306 kRSNadAsa 306 kedArasiMha 133 kepucIna, pAdarIo 503 -mizana 502 kerija 172 kero 260 kevalarAma nAgara 313 kezava gujarAtI 483 kezavadAsa 307 kezavadAsa-devasuta 308 kezavadAsa vaNika 311 kezavadAsa vaiSNava 19, 308, 367 kezavAke ra96 kezoda 407 kesara 54. kesarIsiMhajI 130, 131, 133 kAbAda 323, 386 kevalyagItA' 309 koTA 128, 130, 131 koTezvara 361 koThArA 118 keDInAra 45, 368, 4ra4 kemisariyeta 24, 417 kArala 185 korAmAmaMDala 168 kezA 316 koMkaNa 9, 110, 264, 265 keDha 22, 164, 4ra3 kauTilya 277 kSemavardhana 16 khakhara 459 aDAla 313 kharatara ga7 15, 17, 288 khalIlAbAda 25, 407 khasiyA 135 khaMDa prazasti 290, 291 khaMDerAva gAyakavADa 151 khaMDerAva dabhADe 90, 101, 114, 178, 180-182, 186 naMdaladeva 147 khaMbhAta -11, 14, 18, 20, 25, 26, 35, 36, 38, 40, 46, 7, 54, 55, 58. 68, 76, 81, 89, 94.

Page #583
mula kAle 98, 12,103, 105, 108, 109, 111-113, 115, 136, 151, 157-161, 167, 168, 170, 171, 175, 177, 178, 181, 183 184, 186, 189, 229231, 233, 236, 240, 256, 264, 26, 268, 270, 275, 289, 290, ra92, 294, 297-199, 304-306, 311, 312, 318, 19, 351-354, 356, 358, 364, 370, 371, 373, 374, 389, 400, 407, 415, 419kara3, 4ra6, 443, 485, 491, 495-500, 503, 505 -khaMbhAta -mahAlakSmI maMdira 468, 468 khaMbhAtane itihAsa" 167 khaMbhALiyA 365 khAkhara, moTI 423 khAcara-kAThI vaMza 140 khAjA rAjakaraNa bhavAnIdAsa 320 khAtima-e-mirAte ahamadI' 6 khAtimaha' 5 khAna Ajhama (khAna- I jhama) 44, para, 59, 61, 63, 162 khAna-I-Ajhama (ajhIjha kokA) 38 khAna-I-kalana 30, 41 khAnakhAnA 169, 418 khAnajahAM lodI 59, 60 khAnajahAM javAMmardakhAna 154 khAnajI 83, 384 khAnadeza pa7, 178, 192, 199, 310, 311 khAna daurAna 95, 96 khAnapura para khAna mahamadakhAna 13 khAna sarovara 26, 409 khAphI khAna 3, 4 khAravA 422 khidamata parastakhAna 60 khIcI cauhANa vaMza 15-147 khImojI 3 je 126, 127 khImajI 4 tho 127 khudAuddIna 151 khudAvaMdakhAna ra78 khumANa 135 khumAnasiMha 147 khuramAna hatANI 158 khurramamirajhA para khurrama (zAhajAde) 169, 171 khulAsatuta tavArIkha 4 khuzarU 59. khuzIlacaMda 24, 102, 104, 108, 247, 248, 267 khUbamiyAM cistI zAha 328 kheDabrahmA 364 -brahmAjI maMdira 471 kheDA 99, 151, 477 khetejI 123

Page #584
zakhasUci kheraDI 46, 135 kherALu 113, 188, 365 kherullAkhAna 94 kheMgArajI 1le 117 425 kheMgArajI 2 je 118 khokharI 15ra kheDuM 129 kherAsAna 260 khvAjA giyAsuddIna alI 41 khvAjA nijhAmuddIna ahamada haravI (bakSI) 1, 46, 203, 235 khvAjo muhammada raphI 454 khvAjA zAha manasUra 46 gajarAja paMDita 14 gajasaMghajI 1le 1(jhAlA) 128, gajasiMhajI 1 / 164 gajasiMhajI ra o (jhAlA) 128, 132 gajasiMha (paramAra) 134, 135 gajendramekSa' 305 gajhanavI vaMza 2 gajhanIkhAna 1 le 155 gajhanIkhAna 2 je 155 gajhanIkhAna (pharAjhakhAna 2 jo) 156 gaNapati 302 gaNita sAraNI 293 gaNeza daivajJa ra86, 301 gamasiMha 17 gaMgadAsa (pATaDI) 146, 147 gaMgAdAsa 149 gaMgAdAsa (amadAvAda) 104, 248 gaMdhAra 12, 199, 264, 295, 297, 370, 423, 4ra6, 439, 491 gaMbhIrasiMha 138. gAjhIuddInakhAna phIjhajaMga 85 89, 90, 384, 419 "gAthAsAhastrI 292 gAyakavADa 137, 151, 237 gAyaMtI vAva 166 gAriyAdhAra 135, 137 gALA 42 3 giradhara bahAdura 250 giranAra 26, 363, 368, 369, 372, 374, 393,424, 425 gItagoviMda' 364, 365, 488, - 489 gujarAtI zelI 483, 492 guNacaMdra ra92 guNavijaya 15, 289 guNavinaya 15, 290, 291 gumAna bAroTa 19 gumAnasiMha 145 guruziSyasaMvAda 309, 315 "gurnAvalI" 17 gurnAvalI paTTAvalI 289 'guladasta Irama' 321 gulabadanabAnu 39, 278 gulabaMkAvalInI vArtA 314 gularUkha begama 44 gulazane muhammadazAhI' !

Page #585
gulAbarAma 250 gulAbasiMha 148 gulAba bAbAkhAna mIra ja gRhila vaMza 135-138 gRhile 135 geDI 26, 4ra3, 426 gemalasiMhajI 137 gAetsa 476 gokula 39, 334 gokulacaMda 322 gokulanAthajI 308, 309 gekulanAthajIne vivAha 19, 309, 367 . gokulanA zebhA 308 gokuLa 367 goDajI (19) 118, 119 godharA 7, 85, 88, 9, 178, 192, 248, 323, 356, 365 gapagiri 13 gopanAtha 4rara gopAla 303, 309 -gopAlakelicaMdrikA' 303 gopAlagItA" 309 gopAla dave 426 gopAladAsa (kavi) 391 gopAladAsa (jamAdAra) 121 gopAladAsa vaNika 19, 304, 367, 380 gopAladAsa vyArAvALA 19, 367 gopAla bhaTTa 308 gopAlasiMhajI 130, 131, 165 gepI-uddhavasaMvAda 309 gepItaLAva 365 gopInAtha rAya 53 gopInAthasava 77, 142 gopInAtha (vachara) 278 gopI malika 278, 412 gapu 148 gomatIpura 313 gAmA nadI 407 gerela -zAmaLAjI maMdira 468 geAvardhana-utsava' 313 gevaLakAMDA 70, 281, 503 govA 169, 171, 174, 268, 488 goviMda 306 goviMda, merA-suta 300 goviMda (citrakAra) 485, 489 geviMdajI 135, 136 goviMdadAsa 307 goviMdarAma 307 goviMdarAya 133 gohilavADa 25, 137, 187 gohela asAi 128 geDaLa 123, 124, 139, 15ra geAtamIya mahAkAvya" ra99 gyAsuddIna 412, 449 "prahalAghava 301 geTa, thienamena jAjha 420 gvAliyara, 13, 53, 69 ghanIdha (ghA) 301

Page #586
[ caMpA 411 caMpAvata jIvaNadAsa 145 cAIDa, joziyA 174 cANasmA 409 cANoda 146. 369 cAritrasiMha 296 cAMgA AzA 385 caMdajI kAmadIna 387 cAMdabIbI sutarAja 422 cAMda muhammada cistI 35ra cAMpAnera 36, 38, 68, 85, 145, 146, 192, 238, 275, 306, 420, 405, 406, 491 dhaMTAkarNa kaha5 292 ghATazilanagara 292 ghATalI 127 dharatakhAna 246, 442 -ghoghA 18, 20, 22, 49, 107, 115, 135, 136, 150, 199, 264, 265, 351, 35ra, 358, 422, 423,443,478 caturvizatijinastuti 289 cabhAriyA 182 camana bahAdura (bhavAnIrAma) 250 cale 140 -caMDarAsa (caMDarAja rAsa) 484, 485 caMdanamalayAgirinI vArtA 314 caMderI 38 caMdrakula 17 caMdrAvatInI vArtA 314 caMdrabhA 138 -caMdrabhAgA 363 caMdrabhANa 3ra1 caMdrasiMhajI 1 le-jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 128-131, 162, 165 caMdrasiMha-jhAlA (haLavada) 76, 127, 163, 164 caMdrasiMha, rAva (rAThoDa) 143 caMdrasiMha-solaMkI (luNAlADA) 147 caMdrasena-guhila (rAjapIpaLA) 138 caMdrasenajI-jhAlA (vaDhavANa) 165 caMdrahAsa-AkhyAna 305-307, 310, 312 caMpakamAlA" ra97 caMpasenanI vArtA 314 cittavicArasaMvAda 313 cittoDa 35, 138 citrakA-citrakeza 301 cimaNuMka ApA 103, 158, - 180, 181 ciMgIjhakhAna 36 cIna 264, 265, 398 cIbhaDA 123 cUDA 127, 131, 132 cUMvALa 67, 147, 153, 363 celaiyAnuM AkhyAna" 315 cokasI, bhAnuprasAda 277 coTIlA 132, 133 cobArI 132 cAravADa407 chatrasAla (gRhila) 138 chatrasAla, jAma jADejA) 162

Page #587
mutha kA. chabIlArAma bahAdura 25, 251 jayapura (jayatapura, jayatapura) 235 chANa 179 jayadeva 364, 389 choTA udepura 103, 145, 146 jayapura 12, 41, 141 choTA esa 453 jayaratnamaNi 294 jagajIvanadAsa (itihAsakAra) 4, 3ra0 jayazekhara 291 jagajIvanadAsa 4 jayasAgara upAdhyAya 17. jagajIvanadAsa kavi 9 jayasiMha 71 jagajIvana, jJAnI kavi 313 jayasiMha (khIcI cauhANa) 145, jagata 1 le 148 146 jagata 2 je 148 jayasiMha (paramAra) 134 jagatapAla 133 jayasiMha-gRhila (rAjapIpaLA) 138 jagatarAya 6 jayasiMha (saMgrAmapura) 301 jagadeva paramAra 133 jayasoma upAdhyAya 15 jagadgurukAvya, 14, 289 jayama muni 290 jagadhavala 133 jarmanI 173, 279 jaganAtha (IDara) 134, 141, 142 jalAla kavi 9 jagannAtha jhAlA 15ra, 153 jalAla (kalAkAra) 353 jagannAtha, kavi 303 jalAla bukhArI saiyada 64, 71 jagannAtha, kavi (bIjo) 312 jalAluddIna kAjhI 154 jagamAla kachavAha 12 jalAlI phirakA 358 jagamAla (paramAra) 133 javAMmardakhAna 24, 99, 19, jaNajI 163 111-113 janatApI (tApIdAsa) 310 javAMmadakhAna (amadAvAda) 252, janIbAI 364, 390 313 janmapatrI-paddhati 301, 303 javAMmardakhAna bAbI 151, 157, 160, 186, 188, 189 jaslivAliha be mujhakUpharava Aliha' jasadaNa 124, 140 380 jasarAja 133 jamaAte zAhiyA" 3rapa jasavaMtasAgara (yazasvasAgara muni) jamAlakhAna 61 301 jamAlakhAna lahANI 154 jasavaMtasiha (khIcI cauhANa) jayatihuaNastotra-vRtti' 292 145

Page #588
jasavaMta jAdava (marAThA) 154 jasavaMtasiMhajI (jhAlA) 128, 164 jasavaMtasiMhamahArALa (sabedAra) 68, 69 71, 73, 75, ha6, 121, 156, 164 jo khumANa (khAcara-kAThI) 140 jojI jAma 48, 120 jAjI jADeja 122, 123 jasejI (haLavada) 130 jahAMArA 280, 382, 502 jahAMgIra 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11 15, 16, 21, 24, 25, pa1-60 117, 118, 149, 168, 169, 171, 174,. 204, 21-219, 225, 226, 230, 256, 26, 271, 272, 276, 325, 354, 370, 374, 382 386, 387, 407, 415, 431,440,446,486, 487 jahAMgIra kulIkhAna para, 86, 148 jahAMgIrI mahAtapA' 15 jahAMdarazAha 90, 91, 222, 228, 231, 273 jahAMdarazAhanI vArtA" 314 jabUdIvapaNanI 292 jabUdIpa-prAptivRtti289 jaMbusara 101, 185, 187, 290, 294, 321, 497 jaMbusvAmiphAgu' 317 i-6-36 jADejA jAma 119 jADejA vaMza 117 jAtakakama paddhati 296 jAtakAlaMkAra 296 "jAtakacaMdrikA ra80 jAtakapati' 284 jAdava dhanAjI 177 jAna mIrajhA 45 jAnI, aM. mu. 312 jApAna 281 jAphara 353 jApharakalI 82 jApharakhAna 149, 153, 167 jAphara najhamuddolA mIrajhA 157, 158, 167 jApara badrasaiyada Alama, 326 jAma khaMbhALiyA 121, 138, 163 jAma jasAjI 26 jAmanagara 7, 13, 20, 26, 40, 5, 49,120, 121, 234, 270, 312, 372, 47, 443, 478, 479, 491 - darabAragaDha 492 jAma lAkhAjI 63 jAma satAjI 42 jAma satrasAla 26, 492 jAma sAheba 13, 86, 120 jAmApa 387, 388 jAme jahanumA' 4, 328 jayamala 133, 134

Page #589
jAlamasiMha 1 le 134 jAlamasiMha 2 je 134 jAlera 17, 40, 62, 154-15 292 jAlaMdhara-AkhyAna 306 jAvA 264, 265, 46 jADAjasiMha 134 jAMbu 128 jinacaMdrasUri 15, 302, 371, 373, 374, 431 jinadattasUri 332 jinadevasUri 293 jinapadyasUri 317 jinaprabhasUri 298 , jinabhadrasUri 17 jinarAja mUri 296, 431 jinavallabhasUri ra91, 292 jinavijaya 488 jinavijayajI AcArya 15, 487 jinasiMha 374 jinasiMhari 431, 487 jinasukhasUri 298, 303 jina 318 chatabAga 25 jItarAja 164 jItasiMha 147 jItasiha (khIcI cauhANa) 147 jItasiMha (gUDala) 138 jIdurga (jUnAgaDha) ra98, 302 jIvaNadAsa 315 ja jIvaNalAla 321 'ja jIvana367 jIvarAja 41 jIsasa 25 juNejI 123 junnara 61, 111, 160 jubaidI 15ra junAgaDha 5, 8-11, 18, 25, 37, 40, 41, 4,48, 49, para, 63, 6, 78, 80, 105, 107, 110, 112, 12, 124-126, 135-137, 149-153, 159, 181, 182, 232-234, 241, 1. 250, 270, 298, 301, 302, 314, 319, 324, 354-356, 359, 36 5, 400, 406, 409, 415, 422, 443 -giranAra daravAjo 153 -myujhiyama 359 jUnAjI 121 jUjahArakhAna 36, 37, 40 jeThamala 134 jeThasUra 140 jetapura 10, 152, 235, 236 jetalapura 25, 59, 309, 407 410 jetalasara 235 jemelI kerI pa05 jemsa 1 le 55, 171 jerAja Thakkara 4 19 jerAma 312 jesalamera 303

Page #590
hejI 118 jainatarkabhASA" 300 jena zailI 483 jainasaptapadAthI 301 jaimini 311 jeminIya azvamedha 304, 312 joTa, 2. bhI. 167, 458 joTANuM 37 jodhapura 17, 18, 53, 68, 71, 76, 81, 82, 112, 121, 128, 143, 144, 150, 156-159, 18, 250, 25, 292, 293, 27, 299, 30, 393, 489 jorAvarasiMha 148 jJAnakakko 314 jJAnaprakAza" 309 jJAnapragaNi 297 jyotiSaratnAkara" 301 jayotisAra saMgraha 293 tisAroddhAra 293 janAmaha pa 'javaraparAjaya" 294 jhapharakhAna-mujhaphapharazAha 1le 409 jhaverI, kRSNalAla mo. 318 jhahiruddIna 33 "kaMda avastA" 388 "jhaMda-pahelavI' 388 jhArA 117 jhAlA vaMza 127-132 jhAlAvADa 76, 70, 85, 105, 132, 149, 164, 187 jhAlI rANuM 120, 122 jhAloda 134 jhiyAkhAna 92, 93 ybda-tu-tulaka 155 jhUjhavADA 290 TAsI, gArasana DI. 331 TImera 264 yuvA 369 Telara, reva. 224, 228, 236, 240, 241 Tevaniyara 168, 264, 280, 442, 500, 501 TeDaramala 5, 6, 41, 43, 44, 48, 13, 196, 203 TopaNa, Thakara 459 ThAkara, ema. ke. 241 ThAsarA 44. 99, 368 DabakA 503 DabhAlI 99 DabhAI 7, 8, 86, 106, 146, 183, 312, 464 DabhoDA 114 DAunTana 131, 172 DAkora 183, 311, 368, 391, 424, 439 "hAralIlA' 315 DAlyamapurI 308 DIsA 155 DihiyA 147 Dumasa 281 DuMgarapura 44, 53, 100, 131, 140, 143, 146, 193

Page #591
564] suO kAla DuMgarasI 146 Denisa vAna 169 DelA vAle 58, 364, 496-498, sA 235 DhADhara nadI 52 havA 165, 4ra3 tagaDI 365 'ta temsamae vAkeAte jahAMgIrI 3 tabakAte akabarI' 1, 2, 43, 46 taraNi (sUrya) nagara 17 taradIbega 35, 36 tamAcI jADejA (kaccha) 70, 118 tamAcI 1 le-jAma jADejA (navAnagara) 121, 122 tamAcI 2 je-jAma jADejA (navAnagara) 122, 131 tarasaMgama 133, 134 tarasaMDiye bhIla 133 taruNaprabha 317 'takabhASAva te ka293 tAja 83 tAjikasAra) 296 tAtArakhAna 34 tApI 18, 279, 495 tApIdAsa 310 tApIdAsane rAsaDe' 19 tArApura 160 tArAparavAlA, eca ja. 396 tArAbAI 186 tArIkhe ilAhI 24 tArIkhe auraMgajheba 320 "tArIkhe gujarAta" 2 tArIkhe pAlanapura 383 tArIkhe phiriztA' 3. 401 tArIkhe soraTha va hAlAra 5, 415 tAraMgA 370, 425 tAMbekara, gopALa jagannAtha 391 tithisAraNI 303 tilakamaMjarI-vRtti' 289 tilakamaMjarI-sAra" 289 tilakasAgara 16 tamUra 4, 36 'tuccAe maakksa 357 tujhuke jahAMgIrI 3, 18, 258, 272, 415 turAna 38 tulajArAma 313 tulasI 307, 311 tuM gayA pahADa 18 takojI 161 tegabakhtakhAna 414 tegabegakhAna 107, 112, 158, 21, 456 tejapAla zeTha 289 tejapAla sanI 370, 423, 427 tejamAlajI 125 tejasiMha 145 teravADA 150 taiyaba saiyada 67, 68 teraNa 313 tohaphae zAhajahAnI' 3 tridazataraMgiNI vijJapti 17 trikabarAva dAbhADe 106

Page #592
zathi trilokasiMha 147 trivikrama bhaTTa 291 triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacarita 292 trIkamadAsa (pATaDI) 149 trIkamadAsa vaiSNava 315 yaMbakarAva uddhava 15ra yaMbakarAva dabhADe 182, 183 tharapArakara 132 tharavADA 188 tharAda 7, 82, 13, 148, 40, 446 thANA 389 thAna 132, 133, 165 thAnagaDha 80 thAnAjI 150 eNvene 86, 170, 199, 264 281, 401, 408, 413 441, 501, 502, 506 zulya zailI 348, 350, 351 theravADA 113 dakhaNa 50, 51, 23, 54, 57,61, 6 7, 70-72, 176, 177, 192 dadhIci 392 damaNa 51, 110, 168, 185, 498 damayaMtIkathAcaMpU' 287, 291 damAskasa 260 dayA bahAdura 250 dayArAma 310 dayAladAsa 147 dayAsiMha 303 dalapatarAma 394 dalapatirAma 125, 151-153 dazamarakaMdha' 305. 309, 310, 313 dazavaikAlika sUtra 292 dazAvatAralIlA' 313 dasADA 149 dastUraamale akabarI' 5, 6 dahIsarA 162 daheja 185, 187, dAUda zekha 382 dAUdakhAna patnI 91-93, 121 dAUda bina ajabazAha 381 dAdara 423 dAnadIpikA" 302 dAnaprakAza" ra01 ghanavijaya muni 32 dAniyAra 288 dAmanagara 137, 182, 492 dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADa-1le 177, 178, 181. 182 dAmAjIrAva gAyakavADa-2 je 106, 107, 109, 111, 113- 115, 131, 134, 136, 148, 149, 154, 157, 159, 16 5. 183-189, 324, 419 dAmajI-paramAra (dAMtA) 133 dArAba 388 dArA zukahi 66-71, 118, 246, 288, 376, 442

Page #593
kAvara, phIrojha kAvasajI 323 dAvarabakSa 59 dAuda 26, 55, 26, 81, 83, 275, 407, 418, 443. dAMtA 133, 134, 368, 424 dAMtIvADA 156 digvijaya mahAkAvya 15, 18, 301 diyAnatarAya munazI 61 dilakhuza bAga 26 dilAvarajaMga 110 dihI 37-35, 46, 54, 57, 63, 64, 67, 69-71, 77, 90, 93, 95, 96, 98-106, 108-112, 114, 120, 127, 12, 141, 150153, 155, 158, 159, 177, 180-182, 185, 189, 247, 250, 251, 253, 273, 275, 282, 283, 321, 3ra3, 349, 375, 384, 386, 445 -nezanala myujhiyama 474 dilhI sAmAnyavarNana' 313 dIna-e-ilAhI' 21 dIpasiMha 138, 147 dIpAlapura 69 dIpe 138 dIva 18, 36, 39, 51, 110, 168, 171, 241, 297, 307 "dIvAne vachaha 329 dIhera 423 durijanamala munazI 322 durga zAha 138 durgAdAsa 78-82, 150, 154, 250, 320 dUdA koLI 7 derAsarI, DAhyAbhAI 390 devakaraNa zeTha 119 devakI UnAI 369 devakuzala paMDita 18 devakuMvara 165 devagaDhabAriyA 146 devagiri (dolatAbAda) 18 devacaMdajI 120, 312 devanAgarI 9 devapaTTaNa-devakapattana (prabhAsapATaNa) 18, 298, 299, 302, 486 devarAI 71 devaliyA 142 devavijayagaNi ra9ra devavimalagaNi 12, 264, 286, 290 devasuMdarasUri 17 "devAnaMda mahAkAvya" 15, 18 devAsa 302 devIdAsa gAMdharva 306 devImAhAmya 491 deveMdrasUri 293 dezAI, zaMbhuprasAda 415

Page #594
dezAtara 144 desaLajI 19 119, 26, 467 desAI, ema. e. 239 deha majalisa' 331 deSaratnAvalI 294 desalajI nAnAbhAI 389 detaalI mIra 151 daurAna samasuddaulA 95 daulatakhAna ghorI 48, 120 daulatakhAna lodI 59 rdolatAbAda 40, 53 droNaparva" 306 saipadIsvayaMvara 306 'draupadIharaNa 310 dvAdazAcakrodha-vivaraNa" 300 dvArakA 26, 49, 80, 85, 95, 125, 138-140, 246, 363, 365, 368, 369, 391, 435, 437, 438 -dvArakAdhIza maMdira 26, 435, 466 dvArake 311 dvArapura (bArejA) 297 dvIpa (dIpa) 298, 302 dhanajI 311 dhanajI sUrA 299 dhanadAsa 308 dhanarAja 305, 4pa9 dha vijayagaNi 290, 298 dhanajI jAdava 83, 88, 153, 184 dhannA sAlibhadrarAsa" 487 dhamaDakA 49 dharama 1 le 148 dharama 2je 148 dharamadeva 167 dharamapura (rAmanagara) 53, 148, * 167, 193 dharmadAsa zAha 37ra dharmaparIkSA" 300 dharmaratnamaMjUSA 293 dharma sAgara gaNi 288, 291, 295, 376, 377 dharma saMgraha 302, dharmasaMgraha-TippaNuM" 300 dhavaladeva solaMkI 147 dhaMdhukA 36, 40, 41, ra, 76, 80, 107, 150 dhAturatnAkara" ra97 dhAmoda 142 dhAyetA 315 dhAra 101 dhINodhara 361 dhIvara 488 dhunejI 135, 166 dharamanAtha 429 dhorAjI 125, 152 dhoLakA 40, 41, 6, 92, 97, 101, 103, 147, 157, 160, 181, 248, 296, 311, 315, 368, 369,400 dhrAMgadhrA 127, 128, 13, 132, 162, 164, 407 , ,

Page #595
' savAla dhruvAkhyAna' 304, 307 314 dhroLa 120-122, 163, 407, 422, 492 nagara (rAmanagara) 167 nagaraThaThA 133 nagarA 364, 498 nagarAja 133. najama-inzanI 157 najamakhAna 160 najamuddalA 110 najaraalIkhAna bAbI 76, 7, 83, 84, 88, 128, 138, 150, 153, 177 najhIrI 351 naDiyAda 35, 55, 92, 158, 178, 180, 307, 485 nathurAma 312 nahAla 321 nayavijayajI 299, 31 nayasuMdara 318 narasiMha navala 308 narasiMhanA putrane vivAha' 311 narasiMha mahetA 286, 310, 315, 364, 365 narasiMha mahetAnA pitAnuM zrAddha 315 narasiMha mahetAnI hUMDI' 313 nirasaiyAnI hUMDI' 34ra narahari 309 naroDA 365, 370, 390, 425 narahari hAlArI 315 . . 'nalakyA" 307 naladamayaMtI rAsa' 318 naladavadatI rAsa 484-485 nalAkhyAna' (premAnaMda kRta) 310 navakAramaMtra' 283 navaghaNa 134 navatattva" 317 navarasa" 308 navaraMgakhAna 445 navarejacha 395 navasArI 6, 25, 385, 389, 396, 443, 499, 501 navAgaDha 235 navAnagara (jAmanagara) 45,48, 49, 53, 56, 63, 72, 73, 86,95, 105, 117-123, 125, 126, 129, 131, 139, 150, 12, 192, 216, 234, ra70, 274, 276, 277, 291, 312, 365, 370, 407, 425 navAparA 389 navApura 178, 500, 501 navAba sArAbhAI 487 navInapura (navAnagara) 162 nazA 9 nakhana 348. 50 nakha zailI 349 nastAlIka zailI 348-355 naharakhAna 96-98 naharavAlA pattana 36, 37, 223, 320

Page #596
"naLAkhyAna' (nAkarakRta) 362 naMdabatrIzInI vArtA' 314 na dalAla 322 navijaya 372 naMderiyA 146 nAkara 362, 389, 391 nAkhudA ahamada 447 'nAgadamanI' 307 nAganeza 131 nAgapura 215, 227, 239, 359 nAcadvArA 366 nAtha bhavAna (anubhavAna 6) 314, 363 nAthAjI 149 nAdikhAna 60 nAdirazAha 9, 10, 110, 273 nAnaka 378 nAnajI 122 nAnAlAla kavi 263 nApe| 134 "nAmakAza' 294 nAyaka, cheTubhAi 2. 319 nAraNu-sisAdiyA 148 nArAyaNu kavi 308 zabdaci nArAyaNadAsa rAva 41, 140, 155,165 nArAyaNa saravara 361, 363, 365, 424, 432, 47 nArIcANA 132 nAsika 1 nAsiketAkhyAna' 304, 310, 313 nAsira mIrajhA 36 nAsiruddIna mahamUha 4pa9 nAsiruddIna muhammada 329 nAharakhAna 93 nAhAsiMhajI 146, 147 nAhirakhAna 60, 1 nAMdoda 44, 47, 94, 178, 192, 407 tAMdAla 309 nikAlAe menussI 501 nidha'Tu kAza' 293 nijAnaMda saMpradAya 120 nijhAma-u-mulka 98-101, 179, 185 ge nijhAmazAha 1 leA 260 nijhAmuddIna madda haravI 1, 2 nijhAmuddIna zekha (bakSI) 47-48 nijhAmuddIna mullA 260 nijhAmuddIna kAyaka kAjhI 327 'nirvANa rAsa'399 'nuSka-cha-dilakaza' 250 nUkAta-ul ArephrIna' 325 nUtananagara 163 nUra-ulUiraphAna' 329 nUrajahAM 56, 57, 217, 219,226, 201, 206, 327 nUrazAha (hasanakulIkhAna) 115 nUruddIna sodI 452 'nUza zuyukha' 328 tekaAlamakhAna 2jo 112, 236 tetheliyana hAsTIDa 57 nepasa 496 neminAtha 200 316, 317

Page #597
guNakAha 570 ] neminAtha catuSAdikA 17 neminAtha caMdrAulo' 289 neminAtha phAgu' 317 emadhucarita phAgu' a17 nauSadhIyacati kAvya" 287, 295, 296, 300, 301 ghaNucha 1 le-hila (pAlItANA) 137 -ra jeguhila (pAlItANA) 137 -3 je-hila (pAlItANuM) 137 ghaNajI-gRhila (zihera) 135 seMdhaNajI-jADejA (kaccha) 118 seMdhaNajI-jADejA (morabI) 125 nautanapura (jAmanagara) 487 nautamadakhAna 3 nauraMgakhAna 39 "nyAyakhaMDanakhAgha" 300 nyAyAloka' 300 nyUjhIleMDa 169 padmanAbha 316 padmapurANa 425 padmasAgaragaNi 14, 289, 376 paddhasiMha 372, 4ra3 padmasuMdara 12, 372 padmAvatInI vArtA' 314 paramaNiMda-pUjAsuta 307 paramAnaMda 374 paramAra vaMza 132-135 parazurAmanuM AkhyAna' 306 pahADakhAna 1le 155 pahADakhAna ra je 157 paMcIkaraNa 309 paMjAba 51, 237 -myujhiyama 237, 238 pATaDI 71, 149, 191 pATaNa 6-8, 10, 13, 17, 10 26, 36-41, 45,47, 77 81, 82, 85, 109, 11, 113, 147, 150, 153. 154, 157, 186, 188, 189, 192, 223, 324,. 244, 249, 250, 2para, 254, 263-265, 290, 295, 299, 302, 310 316, 350, 352, 356358, 362, 369-371, 375, 376, 390, 392, 393, 394, 402, 403 405, 406, 423, 28, 443, 470, 477, 478480, 48, 91 nyUyorka -meTropoliTana myujhiyama opha ArTa 478, 475, 480 pacANajI 127 paTaNa 267 paDadharI 122, 125 patarAmela 139 patAI rAvaLa 145, 146 pattananagara 299 padavyavasthA-kArikA 297 padmacarita' 292

Page #598
[57 -kuMbhAriyA pADAnuM jaina maMdira 478 -khArI vAva 410 - ghAMghera pADAnuM jaina maMdira 478 -vADI pArzvanAthanuM maMdira 474, 480 pANini ra97 pANiniyAzraya" 301 pANIpata 4, 33, 34, 3ra4 pAtaMjala yogasUtravRtti' 300 pAdarA 179 pArakara 425 pAranerA 177 pArasI nAmamAlA' 377 pAraskara gRhyasUtra' 303 pArvatI-lakSmIsaMvAda 312 pArzvanAthacaritra' 289 pArzvanAthasUri 316 pArzvanAthastuti 297 pAlaDI 321 pAlaNapura (pAlanapura) 26, 28, 64, 95, 154-157, 266, 277, 319 38, 383, 407, 421, 491 pAlanapura rAjyano ItihAsa 167 pAlAnaMdeva 146 pAlItANa 136, 137 316 pAvAgaDha 35, 103, 180, 11, 258, 363, 368, 424, 439 489 491 pAMDarazIMgA 492 pAMDavagItA' 36 paDavaviSTi' (phUDhata) 305-306 pAMDavaviSTi' (bhAu kRta) 306 pAMDavAzvamedha 313 pAMDuraMga paMDita 161 pipaLiyA 15ra pilAjIrAva gAyakavADa 98, 101, 103, 104 106, 136, 158, 178-181, 183, 190, 283 piMDatAraka (pIMDArA) 365 pIja 313 pIrakhAna (khAnajahAM ledI) 60 pIrakhAna 15 6 pIramadazAha 455 pIrAna pIra 448 pI dvArA 438 puNe (pUnA) 389 puNyavijaya, muni 485 punAdarA 424 puraMdara 148 purAtatva 15 puruSottamajI 334, 335 pUnA 111, 145, 161, 176, 187pUje-paramAra 134 pUje 3 -rAThoDa 141 pRthapAlakasiMha 147 pRthIsiMha (paramAra) 134 pRthurAja (prathIrAja)-khIcI cauhANa (choTAudepura) 145

Page #599
-102]. mughala kAla patharAja ra je (khIcI cauhANa)- pratiSThAsoma 12 (bAriyA) ra46 * prathIrAja-pRthvIrAja (jhAlA-haLavada) pRthurAja (pRthavIrAja-hilA 165 (rAjapIpaLA) 138 prathasiMha 1 le (paramAra-mUMtha) 134, pRthvIcaMdracarita' 317 135 pRthvIrAja-gRhila (pAlItANA) 137 2 je (paramAra-stha) 135 pRthvIrAja-jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 130, 165 3 je (paramAra-saMtha) 135 pRthvIrAja-jhAlA (haLavada) 127, 129 pradyumnacarita" 295 -paga 264, 265 pradyumnacaritra' 290 peTalAda 7, 8, 26,55, 76, 81, pradhamaMjarI" 309 92, 103, 105, 108, prabhAcaMdragaNi 17 111, 157, 158, 19, prabhAsakSetra 363, 365 181, 186, 248, 249, prabhAsa pATaNa 8, 18, 79, 234, 350, 443, 489, 503 245, 298, 369, 390, pethApura 141, 145 434 pesAvala 37 --somanAtha maMdira 434 pistana khorazeda 388 "pramANavAdArtha" 301 -papUjAsata 208 pramAdamANijya 15 poTho 308 pravacanaparIkSA 288 porabaMdara 105, 121, 126, 139, pralAdAkhyAna-bhANadAsakRta 310 151, 163, 237, 241, prahUlAdAkhyAna'-raghunAthakRta 314 242, 368, 424, prAkaTathasiddhAMta 19, 367 -janA darabAragaDha 478 prAkRta vyAkaraNa 364 -saratAnajIne cAro 478 prAgadAsa 44 pizItarA 138, 140 prAgamalajI 1le 118, 11, 125, "poSaNa prakaraNa 290 438 piLo 141, 143 prANanAtha 312 praNAmI saMpradAya 120 prANAvaMtI 165 pratApagaDha 142 prAMtija 144, 407 pratAparAva 107 prItama 314 pratApasihajI 128, 134, 145, premAnaMda 19, 244, 286, 287, 146 310, 312, 315

Page #600
phakharuddIna 154 phakharuddIlAha 112 phakharuddolAhakhAna 111 phatepura 148, 149 phatehakhAna 45 phatehakhAna zeravAnI 45 phatehakhAna, dIvAna 156 matehapura sIkarI 12, 37, 30, 40, 294, 379, 380, 386 phatehabAga 25 katasiMha kAyastha 93 phahakhAna kubakhAna 35 phayajha muhammada 330 pharahadulamuka 328 "rIMge kAradAnI 6 pharIda zekha para pharsa khasiyara 6, 11,91, 94, 96, 222, 228, 231-233, 240, 241, 247, 251, 273, 3rara lavardhipArzvanAthamAhAsya' 294 phAIjha 9 phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA 19 phAMga 308 phidAuddInakhAna 110, 111, 158 160, 186 nci , viliyama 54, 279 phiriztA, muhammada kAsima 3 phidAIkhAna (khAja rAjakaraNa bhavAnIdAsa) 320 phIrojazAha tugalaka 412 phirojhakhAna 1 lo 155, 156 ra je 156 phIrojhakhAna balorI 95 phare A bina kAusa , kutuhAte AlamagIrI" 250, 329 phutuhalAha sAdikI 4 phUDha 305 phUlajI 16 phulaparA 50 phayujha-ulUmbuksa 3ra7 phebsa, jemsa 86 phrAnsa 283 phAyara (phiyara), jahAna 172 264, 282, 503, 54 bakadAhabhya AkhyAna' 307 bakarakhAna 61 bakIrabega 66 baSNunayA 321 bagadAda 260, 448 be paMDita 143 bajANa 131 baTeviyA 496 badanasiMha 135 badAUnI, abdulakAdira 1, 2, 29 badAta zeTha 454 badruddana 445 banAjha zeTha 389 banArasa --bhArata kalAbhavana saMgrahAlaya 491 banajI 137 barahamana 321

Page #601
barAsakasturInI vArtA 314 bariacarAja. 133 barjesa 411, 480 -baI, jI. 320 baladeva 147 balucapura 57, 58 basarA 100 base liMgadeva 190 bahamana bina hama diyAra saMjANA 323 bahalula ledI 24 bahAdura (zAhajAde) 33, 34, 50, 5ra bahAdurakhAna (khAnajahAM kAkA) 71, 74, 75 bahAdurakhAna dIvAna 157 bahAdurakhAna bAbI 125, 149, 152, 153 bahAdura phIrojha 53 bahAdurazAha mughala 89, 97, 384, 385 bahAdurazAha sulatAna (gujarAta) 35, 36, 168 bihAdurasiMhajI siMghI 487 bahecarAjI 166 baherAmakhAna 37, 44 baMgALa 67, 70, 264, 265, 501 bAkarola 469 bAjIrAva 1le 103, 106, 110, 158, 11, 180, 182, 185 bALa rAvaLa 146 bAjha bahAdura 44 bApuA 426 bANa bhaTTa 14, 295 bAdazAhanAmaha 3 bATama 499. bApusAheba pATaNakara 419 bAbara 1, 33, 34, 378 bAbaranAmA 34 bAbI vaMza 149-154 bAmaNiyAjI 123, 124 bAmanavA 133 bAyaDa 144 bArabola" 14 bArA 185, 187 bAriyA 146 bArejA 55, 305, 407 bAlakRSNajI 36 6 bAlagopAlastuti 488 bAlAjI bAjIrAva 24, 114, 186, 189 bAlAjI vizvanAtha 88, 89, 177 bAlApura 155 bAlAzaMkara paMDita 488 bAlAsinora pa6, 10, 112, 183 bAlaMbhA 118 bAvaLA 314 bikamasiMha 134 bijApura 70 bAmarAja 133 AgalANa 177, 310

Page #602
zAzi biyAnA 173 bisanapura 148 bihAra 267, 370 bihArImalla 12 bIkAnera 15 . bIjabhANa 133 bIbIpura 16 bIlakhA upara bIlapADa 53 buthiyara, peja 388 burahAna (nijhAmazAha 1 lo) 260 burahAnapura 59, 70, 75, 83, 84, 169, 17, 178, 2pa0, 281, 311, 499 burahAnu phuTUDa' 4 bulaMdakhAna 91 bUTA pAlaDI 390 bUTiyo 309 bUDhanakhAna 155 beTaddhAra 139, 365, 368 bedArabakhta 10, 11 ebara 174 berajA 423 belA 133 beTa, kaMTana 171, 172 boDANA AkhyAna 391 borasada pa3, 111, 144, 151, 186 bAniyA 264 bolanaghATa 71 besTa 489 brahmalIlA" 309 brAuna, Dabalyu nomana 488 braTana, phrAMsisa 173 blekamaeNna, jeremI 173 bhaktamaMjarI" 309 bhaktAmara stotram 291, ra93, 317 "bhaktAmarastotti' 295 bhatiraMgiNI' 303 bhagatasiMhajI 128, 130, 131 "bhagavaddagItA" 306, 307, 309, 314, 315 bhagavaMtarAva 13ra, 161 bhagavAnadAsa kAyastha 307 bhagavAna viSNava 308 bhadrezvara 370 bharatezvara bAhubalira' 316 bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa' 316 bharUca 10, 18, 26, 36, 38-40,46, 47,52, 59, 71, 73, 70, 80, 84- 86, 90, 93, 94, 101, 111, 112, 157, 170, 171, 184, 185, 187, 192, 236, 251, 265, 266, 279, 282, 305, 310, 311, 319, 324, 326, 354, 356, 365, 389, 397, 407, 420, 443, 447, 491, 497, 501, 102

Page #603
11] bhartuhari 393 bhavAnIrAma 25 bhaMDAriyA 136 bhAIlA koThArI 367 bhAu 3 6 bhAu mULajI (bhagavAnadAsa) 307 bhAgavata' 305, 307, 312, 36pa, 492 -SaSTha dha 307 -dazama , 488, 489 -ekAdaza skaMdha 306, 307 bhAgyamahAdaya' 303 bhATiyA Asara Thakkara dhanarAja 432 bhADalA 124 bhANa 133 bhANacaMdra (bhAnucaMdragaNa) 294 bhANajI-kaNabI desAI (pATaDI) 149 bhANajI 7 122, 126 - 8 126 bhANadAsa 310 bhANane saleke 19 bhANasiMhajI 137 bhAdara 235, 407 bhAdroDa 424 bhAnacaMdramaNi 13-15, 29, 285, 288, 294, 295, 372 bhAnucaMdragaNicarita" 14, 295 bhAnuprabhasUri 17 bhAyelI 179 bhAyAvadara 125 bhAramala 1le 49, 117, 118, 162, 371, 430 bhArAjI jADejA 163 bhArejI-gRhila 137 bhAra-jhAlA-vAMkAnera 130 bhAlaNa 286, 305, 362 bhAleja 311 bhAvanagara 20, 22, 25, 105 136, 303, 363 bhAvavijaya muni 297 bhAvazataka 291 bhAvasiMhajI-kaNabI-desAI 149, 184, 185 bhAvasiMhajI-gRhila 136 bhASAvicitra' 308 bhAskara 103, 296 bhInamAla 390 bhIma 164, 293, 367 bhIma gujarAtA 483 bhImajI 139, 249 bhImadeva 134 bhImasiMha, khIcI cauhANa 147 -sise diyA 76 bhImasena kAyastha 250 . bhIlApura 182 bhImaparva" 307 bhUcara morI 26, 49, 120, 123 162, 492 bhUja 119, 135, 248, 292, 301, 356, 363, 371, 377, 443, 479, 491

Page #604
zabdAzi [pa bhUdhara 306 bhUSaNa 375 bhairavasiMha 138 bhojarAjajI 1 le-jADejA (kaccha) 117 bhojarAjajI 2 je-jADejA (kaccha) 118, 162 - bhejarAjajI-jhAlA (ziyANuM) 128 bhojarAja-jhAlA (haLavada) 164 '. bhojarAja 1 leparamAra (mULI) 132 - je-paramAra (mULI) 133, bhejarAjajI-vADhera (AkhA) 139 bhoja ane lIlAvatI' 314 bhaje suratI 312 bhramaragItA' (nAnI-moTI) 310 maAsIre jahAMgIrI 3 maAsIre rahImI' 2 masUrI 9 makanadAsa 149 makabUla Alama (abdula ajhIjhakhAna) 111 masudapura 416 makkA 13, 39, 44, 50, 20, 264, 268, 330 maganalAla vakhatacaMda 44ra - majamaul akhabAra' 4 majamUdAra, maMjulAla 2,489, 493 bhaklIpaTTama 503 maNikuMDadIpa' 293 * * mAtisAra 487 : ' , i-6-37 mathurA 13, 71, 209 366 mathurAlIlA' 308, 311 madana 389 madanagopALa 92, 93, 246, 273 madanamohanAnI vArtA 314 - madAlasA AkhyAna 310 sadInA 260 madhusUdana 307. manaharadAsa 306 malakAjI 149 malabAra 264, 265 bhalAyA 265 malika aMbara 53 malika gopI 497 malika vAhaNa 17. malekakhAna 155 maleka tAjakhAna 131 malla 139 malhArarAva hekara 146, 157, 410 mahamada abula majada, saiyada 326 mahamada esa 447 mahamada makabUla Alama, saiyada 325 mahamadanagara 321 mahamadazAha (mahamUda begaDa) 31, 459 mahamUda gajanI 434 mahamUda 1lo-begaDo 64, 139, 145, 146. 149, 168, 232, 238, 278, 352, 399,403,405, 412, 435

Page #605
58 ] muva kAla mahamUda 3 je 278 mahamUdAbAda (cAMpAnera) 405, 406 mahamUdI 153 mahammada hAdI 3 mahAkuMvarabA 433, 467 mahAdeva 202, 301 mahAbatakhAna 73 74, 130, 176 mahAvadAsa 19, 309, 367 mahAvIrastuti 294 mahimAdayavijaya' 301 ahirAvaNanuM AkhyAna' 307. mahisA 303 mahIpAladeva 133 mahudhA 88, 178 - mahuvA 424 mahetA, nAnAlAla 489, 493 mahedaviyA phirakA 378 mahedavI paMtha 155 mahemadAvAda 35, 36, 47, 26, 88, 178, 305, 314, 400, 411 -bhamariyo kUvo 411 maheraalI khAna 91, 96, 97 maheracha daratUra 39, 386, 387 maherAmaNajI 1 lo 1ra3, 124 2 je 124 mahesANA 7, 289, 390, 443 mahebatakhAna 7, 112 maMguIgna akabara 325 eDalika, paramAra 135 maMtrazAmaNi 294 gAdha kAvya" 300 mANasiyo 140 mANijyacaMdrasUri 317 mANeka-vAghe 138 mANekacaMda 68, 9, 375 mAtara 407, 485, 486, 488, 491, 503 mAthaka 132 mAdhava 310 mAdhava gujarAtI 483 mAdhavadAsa, kAyastha 309 mAdhavadAsa, nAgara 322 mAdhavapura-gheDa 120, 127, 365, 368, 424 mAdhavarAva paMDita 149 mAdhavasiMhajI 130 mAnakuzala 18 mAnakhetarI 422 mAnajI 165 mAnavijayagaNi 302 mAnasiMha, AcArya 374 mAnasiMha-khIcI cauhANa (bAriyA) 146 mAnasiMhajI-jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 129, - 165 mAnasiMha-khIcI (haLavada) 127 mAnasiMha-paramAra (dAMtA) 134 mAnasiMha more 178 mAnasiMha-solaMkI (luNAvADA) 147 mAmeruM' (kRSNadAsa kRta) 306 mAmeruM' (premAnaMda kRta) 310 mAravADa 76. 79, 81 82, 101, 138, 146, 155, 244

Page #606
zakhaNi (5e mArTina Aphidamele 51 mAtaMbAna 264 mAladIva 264 mAlade rAja (jodhapura) 292 mAladeva cauhANa (jAhera) 154 mAlapura 10, 24, 25, 240, 267, 302 mAlasiMhajI 146 mAla rANe 147 mAsiMdhajI meghajI 372 mAsuma kulIkhAna 98 mAsUmakhAna 124 mAsUma bharI, mIra 46 mAsumAbAda 124 mAhAvasiMha-paramAra (saMtha) 15 mAhAvasiMha-selaMkI (luNAvADA) 147 mALavA 18, 34, 35, 39, 47, 50, 51, 23, 57, 66, 68, 99, 101, 177, 18, 192, 203, 206, 320 mALiyA (miyANI) 125, 162, 165 mAMgaroLa 7, 8, 14, 45, 49, 79, 126, 154, 187, 266, 315, 319, 356, 368, 42, 437 mAMDala 290 mAMDavagaDha 15 mAMDavA (jUnA-navA, ji. vaDerA) 146 mAMDavA (ji. mahesANA) 13 mAMDavA (tA. kapaDavaNaja) -kuvo 411 mAMDavI 26, 137, 358, 4ra3, 429, -suMdaravara maMdira 469 mAM 55, 58 miDalaTana, hetrI 171 mitrasena trivedI 251 miyAna 448 miraAtulu hiMdI 6, 329 mirAta-ulUhuranI 327 mirAte ahamadI 6, 7, 24, 43, 53, 64, 69, 74, 78, 86, 89, 92, 9, 107, 16, 178, 200, 244, 245, 250, 252, 26, 270, 273277, 32436, 368-370 383, 391, 392, 399, 400, 45, 406, 409, 424, 465, 434, 439, 4ra7. "mirAte ahamadInI puravaNuM' 6 mirAte sikaMdarI" 2, 324, 325, 489 mIThAlAla 324 mI mahArAja 315, 363, 364 mIrakhAna 37 mIrajhAkhAna (abdura rahImakhAna) 47 mIrAM 364 muAjhamapura 81 muIjha-ula-muka 374 mukarrabakhAna 54, 55, 199

Page #607
580] mu kAla 1ra ; * muktisAgara upAdhyAya 16 mukuMda 312 mukuMdarAya 321 mukhatArakhAna 78 "mukhtasara tArIkhe gujarAta' 5 mujAhidakhAna 35, 37 mujAhidakhAna 1le (mujhA maleka) 155 mujAhidakhAna 2 je 155, 156 mujhaphapharakhAna 149 ' ke ' ' mujhapharazAha ra je 33, 34, 278 mujhapharazAha 3je 36, 37, 40, 42, 46-50, 52, 86, - 117, 119 120, 126, 139, 148, 444 mujhapharazAha gujarAtI, sulatAna 276 mujhaphapharahusena 44 mujhA maleka (mujhAhidakhAna 1le) murAdAbakSa 4, 24, 25, 50, 67- 69, 71, 72, 153, 221, rara7, 230-232, 267, 272, 355, 375 murAri kavi 308, 362 murAjuddIna 68 murtajhAkhAna 415 murtajhAkhAna bukhArI para, 86,354, 446, 447 mulatAne 70, 237 "mulajha kabIrI" 329 muhammada akabara 2 je 10, 11, 223, 237, 239 muhammada ekarAma kAjhI 81, 261, 45ra muhammada anavarakhAna bAbI 454 muhammada amInakhAna 76-78, 142. 418, 449 muhammada amIna mahadI 355 muhammada alI 4, 92, 17, 414, 454 muhammada Ajhama 84 muhammada kAsIma kiriztA 3 muhammada kAsIma bina abdu rahemAna 5 muhammada kAsIma, saradAra 89 muhammadakhAna 39, 91, 99, 11ra, 16 1, 178, 269 muhammada jhahIdabega 68 . muhammada jaunapurI 64 muhammada jhamAna mIrajhA 35 155 mutAmadakhAna ra4, 69 munazI, ThAkara 6 munazI, hirama 4 mutakhabuta tavArIkha" 1, 2, 4 muntakhabu lubAba" 3 "mukhiba uta tavArIkha 320 mutauddIna 151 muphatakhIrakhAna (mInakhAna ra jo) 110, 111, 159, 160 186 mubAraka bukhArI saiyada 3rapa '' mubArijhakhAna bArbI che , mumatAjha mahala 60

Page #608
zabdasUci [584 muhammada jhahIda bena 267 muhammada-najama--sanI 105 muhammada nijhAmuddInakhAna 3ra7, 4para -muhammada - ruddIna 326 muhammada phajhala 330 muhammada pharukhaziyara 24 -muhammada bakIra 61 muhammada bahalela zeravAnI 77, 142 muhammada bahAdura bAbI 99 muhammada bina haidara narAkI 9 muhammada bIdara bakhta 84, 85 muhammada begakhAna 84, 84-91 muhammada muAjhama 89 muhammada mubArijha 80 muhamada moajhIma 320 muhammada raphI 24, 456 muhammada latIpha bharUcI 6,28 -muhammadazAha (mughala) 6, 10, 24, 99, 112, 124, 222, 228-233, 235, 241, 270, 273, 283, 325, 442 muhammada zekha 330 muhammada salila kammu 3. muhammada saliha bukhArI 254 muhammada sAphIkhAna 55,59, 407 muhammada sAleha (pIravALA) 329 muhammadazAha ha. pIra 328 muhammada hasana (alI muhammadakhAna) muhammada hAzImakhAna 75 muhammada husena 39-41 muhammadAbAda (cAMpAnera) 35, 128 muhUrta gaNapati' 302 muhUrta dIpaka' 301 muMjapura 7, 113, 150, 153, 154, 188, 369, 425, 429 muMdrA 118, 119 muMbaI 19, 174, 228, 282, 283, 329, 389, 504 -prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama 491 mUlajI bhaTTa 315 mUladeva 147 mUlarAja 138 mUsA suhAga 450 mULa gAmatA 365 mULa dvArakA 368, 424 mULarAja solaMkI 147 mULI 21, 22, 132, 133, 166, 423 mUcha 133 megala 304 meghajI 118 meghadUta' (saMskRta) 287, 296, 297, 300, 303, 487 meghadUta samasyA lekha 18, 300 meghapAlajI 128 megharAja 133 meghavijaya upAdhyAya 15, 18, 300 324 :. muhammada hAdI 3 muhammada hAdI-kAmavarakhAna 4

Page #609
582 ] meDatA 291 methyUDa 174 medAnazAha 500 menusI 50 6 menDeTlA 62, 86, 170, 255, 264, 267, 279, 408, 440, 499, 500 meravADA 153 merAmaNu 122 merujI 132 meruvijaya 302 mevADa 34, 143, 366 merI 327 meAjhimabhega 118 mokhaDAjI 137 moDajI 123 meADAsA 7, 45, 143-145 meAminakhAna dahelanI (qAjadAra) 92, suvarNa kALa 101, 105, 157, 179 meAminakhAna 1 le| (jAphara najammu daulA) 9, 108, 109, 111, 122, 151, 158, 183- 186, 454, 455 112-115, meAminakhAna 2 jo, 160, 161, 189 mArdhvaja AkhyAna' 308 meArI 49, 118, 125, 128, 130, 131, 153, 163, 365, 407 meAlakaraNa 147 methyusa 264 meAsALAcaritra' 310 mAhatasI 149 meAhana 145, 146 meAhanadAsa pArekha 500 mAharAja 138 methuddIna 150 mautamadakhAna 3 bhausalapa' 306 yajJezvara 311 yamana 260 yazavaMtarAva 106, 183, 186 yazasvatsAgara muni 301 yazodharAcaritra' 289 yazarAjI paddhati' 301 yazAvijayajI 16, 299, 318 yAjJikanAtha 290 yAdagAra najhIra mIrA 35 yAhyA 9 yuddhakAMDa' 307 yurApa 503 yUsukhAna maleka 154, 155 yUsuph khina sulemAna 382 yeAgavAsiSTha' 306 ceAgaviM'zikA-vivaraNa' 300 vyeAgazAstra' 296, 317 rakhIdAsa paTela 314 raghu 114 raghunAthadAsa dIvAna 95, 101, 250, 212, 356 raghunAtharAva (rAdheAkhA) 113, 145, 154, 160, 188, 189, 324

Page #610
sArathi (583 raghunAtha vaiSaNava 314 ratnAgiri 235 radhurAma kavi 292 ratnAjI 121 raghurAma dIkSita 313 ratnezvara 312, 362 "raghuvaMzakAvya' 287, 291, 292, raphI-udarajAta 96, 97, 222, 228, 229, 231 296, 303 raghuvIrasiMhajI, De, 262 raphI-uda-daulA (zAhajahAM raje) 7, 222, 231, 233 raNachoDajI amarajI 5 2vapALa 133 raNachoDadAsa 127 ravivardhanagaNi 301 raNachoDa bhakta 313 ravisAgara muni 290 raNachoDajIne zalAkA' 314 rajI-jADejA (kaccha) 118, 125, raNamalajI, jAma jADejA (navAnagara) 162, 165 72, 121 rasamaMjarI" 304 raNamalajI-jADeje (rAjakoTa) 124 rasasiMdhu 367 raNamalajI kaNabI desAI (pATaDI) 149 rasAlaya" 367 raNamala-jhAlA 164 rasikagItA" 367 raNamala chaMda' 316 rasUlanagara' 77 raNayajJa 310 rahamatakhAna 24, 70-72 raNavIra 164 raMgasAgaranemiphAgu' 317 raNasaNa 142-144 ragejI 108-111, 151, 159, ratanacha 1 le-paramAra (mULI) 133 160, 184-186 ratanajI 1 le-hila (zihera) 135 rAITa, nelsana 237, 241 ratanajI 2 je gRhila (zihera) rA'kheMgAra-cUDAsamA 136, 137 : 133, 136 rAdhavarANasiMha (vAghasiMha) 147 - je 133. rAghAbA-jue raghunAtharAva. ratanajI kavi 310 rAjakeTa 46, 123, 235 ratanapura 84 rAjaghara 164 ratanasiMha 1 le-paramAra (saMya) 135 - rAjanagara (amadAvAda) 293, 299 -2 je-paramAra (saMtha) 135 301, 399 ratanasiMha bhaMDArI 105-109, 150, rAjapIpaLA 46, 47, 13, 61, 159, 182-185 393 137, 138, 153, 178. ratnacaMdragaNa ra95 275, 368, 407, 424

Page #611
584) mughala kala - nA 4 rAjapura 235, 298 rAjapUtAnA 320 "rAjapramIya-sUtra' 488 rAjabAInI kabara 35ra rAjabA vAdhelI 119 rAjavijayagaNi 302 rAjasAgarasUri 16, 399, 492 rAjasAgarasUri nirvANarAsa) 16 rAjasiMdhacha 163 rAjasiMha 76 rAjasItApura 164, 423 rAjahAvalI 4 rAjasthAna zailI 483, 490 rAjimatI 316, 317 rAjiyA 268, 370, 426 rAja, saiyada 64, 65, 155, 378, 383 rAjojI 129, 130, 15 rAThoDa vaMza 140-145 rANapura 25, 2, 131, 132, 354, 370, 407 rANAsuta 307 rANIgAma 137 rANIpa 305 rAdhanapura 9, 113, 13ra, 150, 153, 154, 188 274, 297, 407 rAdhAjInuM rUsaNuM' 314 rAdhAjIne gara' 314 rAdhAharaNa 307 rApara 119 rAmakRSNa devajI 303 rAmacarita' 292 rAmajI, brAhmaNa 249 rAmajI paramAra 132, 166 rAmadAsa-kaNabI desAI (pATaDI) 149 rAmadAsa rAjA 486 rAmadAsasuta 305 rAmadevajI sathe-jeThavA 126 rAmadeva-paramAra (dAMtA) 133 rAma rAjA-sisodiyA 148 rAmadeva 1le siriyA (dharamapura) 148 rAmadeva ra je sisodiyA (dharamapura) 148, 149, 167 rAmanagara (dharamapura) 44, 53, 148, 167, 193 rAmapara 26 rAmabhakta 306 rAjArAma-chatrapati (tArA) 177 rAmavijaya 298, 299 rAmasiMha-khIcI cauhANa 146 rAmasiMha paramAra (mULI) 133 rAmasiMha-paramAra (saMtha) 135 rAmasiMha mAlama 119, 270, 479 rAmAyaNa 307, 492, rA'mAMDalika 136, 139 rAyagaDha 145 rAyaNa 423, 429 rAyadhaNajI 1 le-(kaccha rAva) 118, 125, 165 rAyadhara-khIcI cauhANa (bAriyA) 146 rAyadhara-jhAlA (haLavada) 117 rAmanArAyaNa 376

Page #612
zazi , [585 rIba 123 rIbaDA 123 raphamAMgada AkhyAna 306 rUkamiNuM 363 phamiNI-vivAha' (kRSNadAsakRta) 306 kRmiNI-vivAha' (goviMdarAmakRta) 307 phamiNu-vivAha" (dhanajIkRta) 311 "rukamiNIharaNa" (devIdAsa gAMdharvakRta) 306 "mihiraNa" (premAnaMdata) 310 rumiNIharaNa" (kUdakRta) 305 kRmiNIharaNa" (rodhajIta) 305 mihiraNa" (harirAmakRta) 307 rAyabiMdrAvana 4 rAyabhANa 148 rAyamAgaDha 119 - rAyasaMgajI-jAma (navAnagara) 118 rAyasaMghajI-jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 165 rAyasiMha-khIcI cauhANa (bAriyA) 146 rAyasiMha 1-jAma (navAnagara) 72, 73 rAyasiMhajI 1la-jhAlA (haLavada) 127 rAya saMghajI 2 je-jhAlA (haLavada) 164 rAyasiMhajI 2 je-jhAlA (haLavada). 26, 128 rAyasiMhajI 1le jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 129 rAyasiMha 2 je-jAma navAnagara 121 rAyasiMhajI-jhAlA (cUDA) 132 rAyasiMha-paramAra (mULI) 133 rAyasiMha-rAThoDa (IDara) 107, 144, 145 rAyasAla 138 rAvaNamaMdodarI saMvAda 314 -rAvala 163 rAvala, ravizaMkara 492 rAvaLa, jAma 122, 438 rAsapaMcAdhyAyI" 305 "rAsavarNana' 313 rAMdera 170, 278, 495 riNIgAma 292 risAlae phajhIlate ilma" 327 "risAlae hAmidiyA 330 rIda, berana vena 420 rustamaalI khAna umarAva 101, 107 179, 181, 283 rustamakulIne loko 19 rustamakhAna nAyaba 57, 416 'rUstama bahAdurane pavADe 384 rUstama mANeka 387, 395 pamAlA" 291 rUpacaMda 54 rUpacaMdakuMvararAsa' 318 pajI saMghavI 423, 431 pazrI 54 pasuMdara thA' 310 apasenacaritra' ra9 - rUpAla 19, 304 ma 38

Page #613
58] surata kAla sma, maulAnA 325 mIkhAna 35 hulA bharucI, mIra 328 hulA sAnI 328 "revaMtagirirAsu" 316 revAkhaMDa' 314 revAzaMkara paravArI 323 reviTana vAna 169 raviMgTana 68 rA, sara Tomasa 54-56, 169, 171, 199, 256, 279, 401, 47 rozana akhtara 97 rohiNIpura 27 hiNeyakathAnaka 291 raho -vAva 410 "jhAte zAhIyA 326 lakSmaNadeva-paramAra (dAMtA) 133 lakSamaNadevasisodiyA (dharamapura) 148 lakSmIcaMdra 293 lakSmIdAsa 305 lakhatara 127, 130 131, 380 lakhadhIrajI 1la 132, 133 - je 132, lakhanau 223 -myujhiyama 237 lakhapata-jADejA (kaccha) 119, 125, 26, 270, 307, 478 lakhe-khAcara 140 ladhu citrazailI 483 lajhata ulU hayAta' 328 latAyaphe zAhiyA' 325 labdhicaMdragaNi 303 lasuMdarA 369 laMkA 264 laMDana 173, 218, 221, 223, 225-228, 237 lAkhAjI-jADejA (rAjakoTa) 124 lAkha 1le jAma jADejA (navAnagara) 120, 121, 163 -2 je 121, 163 -3 je 142 lAThI 136, 137, 166, 182 424 lADavA 437, 438 lADola 289 lAbhakatigaNi 487 lAbhavijaya muni 18, 302 lAlacaMdrI paddhati 303 lAlabAga 25 lAvaNyavijayagaNi 299 lAhora 13, 15, 70,71, 2259 237, 238, 373, 49 501 licarlenDa, bahena 103 liMgAnuzAsana' 293 lImajI maheracha 388 lIliyA 311 lIle 304 lIMbaDI 128, 129, 16pa

Page #614
zathi [587 luNAvADA 100, 143, 147 lubuta tavArIkhe hiMda' 4 lUNakarNasara gAma 292 lekhapaddhati' 23 lokaprakAza' 297 leyara, hetrI 107 lodI vaMza 34 lemA khumANa 46, 48, 120, 135, 137 lairDa, hetrI reva. 45, 496 leliyANuM 165 vakhatasiMha-gRhila (bhAvanagara) 303 vakhatasiMha mahArAjA (jodhapura) 112 vakhatasiMha solaMkI (luNAvADA) 147 vadhAsI 485 vacharAja 305 vaDyiA 4ra7 vajiyA 268, 370, 423, 4ra6 vajida-ulU-muka 37 vajIrakhAna (vajhIrakhAna) 41, 44, 45, 194 vajIhuddIna zAha para, 329, 331, 446 vajIhuddIna zekha 481 vajepAlasiMhajI 131 vajerAjajI-vADhera (AkhA) 139, 140, 165 vajerAma 161 vajesiMha-khIcI cauhANa (choTAudepura) 145 vajesiMha-khIcI cohANa (bAriyA) 146 vasenasUri 316 vaTavA 56, 95, 99, 254 vaDanagara 9, 41, 7, 80, 103,. 113, 154, 156, 18deg, 188, 245, 248, 269,. 291, 293, 407, 426,. 491 vaDalI 394 vaDAlI 143 vaDedarA.(vaDaudra) 17, 26, 36, 38. 39, 46, 53, 79, 81,85, 92, 94, 106, 131, 143, 148, 150, 157, 171, 183, 192, 223, 237, 265, ra77, 295, 300-311, 313, 315, 351, 354, 357, 362,391397, 403, 407, 419, 443-445, 485 -ArTa gelerI 491 -baroDA myujhiyama 471 476, 488,489 vaDhavANa 127-132, 165, 390, 401 vanavIrajI 147 vanecaTanI vAta' 342 varaNa 4ra3 varateja 166 varasaMga 432 varasiMha-kaNabI desAI (pATaDI) 149 varasiMha-jhAlA (dhrAMgadhrA) 164

Page #615
-pa8] varasAjI 130 varALa 192 varIAva 496, 499 vadhamAna (jAmanagara) 372, 423 vadhamAna zAha (mudrA) 118, valasADa 389 - valaMdAo 5, 26, 168 "valAsaNa 143 * valI khAna 40. - valI gujarAtI 330 - vallabha bhaTTa 312 - vallabha dhoLA 364 -vallabha vidyAnagara -saradAra paTela yunivarsiTI myujhiyama 474 "valabhavela 19, 308, 367 valabhAkhyAna' 19, 304, 367 -vallabhAcArya 19, 304, 308, 334, 365, 367, 390, 437. - vavANiyA 125, 162 vasaI 51, 110, 147, 185, 264, 389, 498 vasaMtarAja zAkuna vRtti 295 vasaMtarAya purabiyA 125, 15ra, 153 vasAvaDa 362, 443 vase 180 vastupAlatejapAla rAsa 302, 316 vaherajI 1 lo 128 : - je 129, 165 vaMdIdAda 388 -vAgaDa 125, 131, 292, . vATAlaMkAra" 297 vAdha-khIcI cauhANa (mAMDavA) 147 vAgha-jhAlA 164 vAgha-paramAra (dAMtA) 133 vAghajI-khIcI cauhANa (navA mAMDavA) 147 vAghajI-jADejA (dhoLa) 123 vAghajI-paramAra (saMtha) 135 vAghajI kavi 303 vAghajI muni 303 vAghasiMhajI-khIcI cauhANa (janA mAMDavA) 146 vAghasiMha-jue rAghavarANasiMha. vAghelA ThAkora 149 vADiyA 485 vAjasUra 140 vADaja -kAzmIra mahAdeva 468, 469 vADAsinera 151 vADIpura 393 vADhera vaMza 138-140 vAtraka 78, 424 "vAmanakathA 310 vAyaDa -vAva 411 vAlamakuMvara 136, 137 vAsavadattA' 287, 295 vAsiSThasAragItA' 309 vAMkAnera 76, 127-131, 162, 165 vAMsadA 147, 148, 385

Page #616
zAmayi para9 vAMsavADA 53, 135, 142, 193 vikamasI 138 vikramajita 51, para, 57, 58, , 318 : , , vikramasiMha 147 vikramAtajI 4 thI 126, 163 * 5mAM 127 vicArasararI' 485, 406 - vijayanaMdasUri 18, 297 vijayakSamAri 18 vijayagaNi 296 " vijayadAnasari 377 - vijayadevasUri 15, 18, 293, 288, 371, 372, 430, 470 vijayadevasUriprabaMdha 15 - vijayadevasUrimahAbhya" 15, 293 vijayapAla 137 vijayaprabhasUri 15, 17, 18, 297 299, 301, 302, 372 vijayaprazasti" 15, 289 vijyabhadrasUri 317 vijayarAja 133 vijayarAya bhaMDArI 93 vijayasiMhasUri 299 vijayasenasUri 13, 15, 289, 291, 296, 316, 370-- 375, 429 486 vijayaharSa 486 : ; vijApura 14, 77, 113, 144, 153, 154, 15, 188, 296, 297, 36, 370, 407, 443 vijJaptitriveNI 17 viThThalanAthajI 304, 334, 365, 36 - viThThalasiMha 147 vithiMgTana, nikelasa 54 vidyApura-juo vijApura. vidyAvijayajI 11, 289 vidyAvilAsapavADu 317 vinayacaMdrasUri 317: vinayavardhanagaNi 298 vinayavijaya upAdhyAya 17, 18,. 27, 318 vibhAjI 163 vibhISaNa 492 vibhAjI jAma 119, 123 vimalakIti 297 vimalaprabaMdha' 316, 338 * vimalavasahI 162 viramagAma 66, 107, 109, 110. virahagItA 308 virATaparva" 305, 317 vilAsalaharI" 303 viliyamsa 417 vivAhavRMdAvana" ra96 vivekaharSa uvAdhyAya 14, 24, 25 371, 372, 374, 486 vizAlalocana 291 vizrAma paMDita 294 vizvanAtha 303 vizvanAtha jAnI 310 viSNudAsa 304 visAjI 135, 166 vispada 388 vidi 298 viMjhANA 467

Page #617
muzaza kaa vidhipura 298 -vIka khAcara 140 vIjalajI 138 virajI verA 68, 267, 31, 102 vIrapura 99, 147 . "vIrabhadra 147 vIramagAma 149-151, 179, 184 186, 245, 407 443 -vIramadeva 134, 147, 141, 155 viramapura 281 virasiMha 148 virasena 133 vIrAbAI 428 vIrA bAriyA 147 "vIsanagara 76, 7, 113, 154, 156, 188,407, 464 visaladeva cauhANa 154 -vIsalanagara-juo vIsanagara visAjI 163 vIMjhANa kara3, 433 vRttaratnAkara" 292 vRMdAvana 321 vejalapura 311 veNATa 367 viNakuMvara 250 veNIdAsa 149, 313. veNIbhAIne rAsaDo" 19 vedamatI 138 verIsAla 138 veLAvadara 135 veMgaNapura 313 vaikuMTha 307 vidhavalabha" 299 vairAgyazataka 291 vyAdhrusenapura 485, 491 vyArA 389 vyAsa, kAMtilAla ba. 489 vrajabhUSaNa 392 vrajabhUSaNalAlajI 489 brijarAyajI 367 vahAITaheDa, Ara. bI. 241 zaktivilAsa' 315 zatruzalya, jAma 45, 162, 164 zatruMjaya 13, 18, 20, 22,. 26, 12, 289, 369 32, 374, 423-45 4ra7, 431, 432 -amIjharA pArzvanAtha 470 -AdIzvaranuM maMdira 469 -caumukhajInuM maMdira 469 zatruMjayamAhAlekha 303 "zabdabhUSaNa 302 "zabdaratnAkara' 297 zabdArNavavyAkaraNa 294 zamsa zekha 453 zarUddIna 50, 5ra zaratAnajI 165 zaravANa 143, 143 rahe risAlaye kosajI 329 salamazAha 162 zalyaparva 307 venIsa 501 verAvaLa 50, 266,443. verAvaLajI 138

Page #618
zakharthi -zojI 1 lo 137 2 je 137 -zAmatakhAna 24 zare pattana 223 -zaMkarAcArya (Agha) 335, 364 zaMkarAcArya, aniruddhAzrama 437 zaMkhalapura 438 bahucarAjI maMdira 438 zaMkhezvara 370, 374, 4ra3, 4ra4 zaMkhezadvAra beTa 21, 166, 424, -zaMbhurAma 114, 115 zAistakhAna 65-67, 72, 442 zAkhI hAjI 448 zAdamAna 50 - zAmaLa 19, 283, 313, 362 "zAmaLazAhane vivAha" (nAne) 310 - zAmaLAjI 439 - gadAdhara maMdira 439, 465, 466 -zAlibhadrasUri 316 -zAlivAhana 486, 487 zAlisari 317 - zAha alI 453 - zAhaAlama 1 la bahAdura 6, 89, 90, 221, 227, 230- 233, 241, 273 zAhaAlama 2 je 222, 229, 236, 237, 241 zAhaAlama ha. 64, 326 zAha, umAkAMta 488, 489 zAhajahAM 1 le 3, 5-8, 10, 11, 16, 21, 25, 25-61, 63- 30, 120, 123, 149, 166, 170, 200, 204, 219-221, 223, 226, 229, 230, 232234, 239, 240, 24, 251, 259, 263, 267, 270, 272, 274, 275, 280, 321, 354, 370, 372, 374-376, 382, 47, 408, 412, 416, 422, 4jara zAhajahAM 2 (raphI-uda-daulA) 97, 222, 229, 231, 232 zAhajahAM 3je 222, 229 zAhajahAMkhAna, navAba 454, 55 zAhajahAMnAmaha 3 zAhajI--gRhila (pAlItANA) 137 zAhajI saiyada 79, 383 zAhanavAjhakhAna saphavI 69-71 zAhapura 62 zAhabAjakhAna mIrabakSI 38 zAhabAjhakhAna 67, 68 zAhabuddIna malika 154 zAhamatakhAna 9091,93, 178 zAhavadakhAna 8, 9, 356 zAhajI 136 zAhIbAga 25 zAhu 88, 104, 178180-182, - 186

Page #619
zAha2] zAMticaMdra upAdhyAya 13, 14, 292, ra84, 372, 376 zAMtidAsa jhaverI 16, 24, 25, - 64, 6, 68, 69, 71, 72, 102, 246, 247, 1. 27, 302, 372, 374, 35,440-442,492,500 zAMtidAsa zeThane rAsa" 16 zAMtisAgara upAdhyAya 299 zikastA zailI 350 zinara 246, 475 : ziyANI 127, 18, 130 zirohI 17,41, 44, 8, 157 sileba nAma' 283 ziva (savajI) 139 zivadAsa 306 .. zivapurANa 311, 314 "ziva-bhIlaDI saMvAda' 362 zivamahimna stotra 362 zivalAla 3ra3, 323 zivavivAha' 306, 313, 362 zivasiMhajI 144, 145 zivAnaMda 315, 362 zivAjI 72, 130, 148, 174, 176, 281, 282, 412, 456, 501, 102 zivA sAMgaNa 438 zizupAlavadha ra87 zihAbakhAna (zihAbuddIna ahamaH khAna) 45 . } : zihAbuddIna ahamadakhAna 45, 206. zihera 135-137, 363, 464 "zukadevAkhyAna' 304 zujAtakhAna 78-81, 98-12 150, 246, 320, 383 4ra1, 45-45ra zujAtajaga 111 zubhavajaya 293 ja 63, 67, 70 zekha 288 zekha ul IslAma 320 zekhapATa 73, 163 zekhapura 400 zekhamiyAM 154 zekha sikaMdara 325 . . zekhujI (salIma jahAMgIra) 12 zekhulU IslAma muhammada IjhAmuddIna A 326 zekhAi 130, 132 zedha, kAzIsuta 305 zeraaphaghAnakhAna 80 zerakhAna tUra 60, 61 zerakhAna phulAdI 36, 37, 39,40 zerakhAna (bahAdurakhAna) 151 zerakhAna bAbI 106, 109-112. 127, 150, 151, 16 ,, 183, 186 zerazAha 198, 205, 206 zeSamalajI 131, 165 zehadeva 148 zobhArAma mahetA 322 , zrAddha 310 zrIdAsa 320

Page #620
zrIdhara 316, 489 zrIdharIgItA' 363 zrInagara 399 zrIpatarAva 161 zrIpati 296 zrIpAlacarita' 298 'zrIpAlarAsa' 298, 318, 485 zrImAla (bhInamAla) 390 'zrImAla purANa' 390 'zrIrADajInuM carita' 317 zrIlaharI' 364 zrIvallabha pAThaka 15, 293 zrIvAstava, AzIrvAdIlAla 254 zrIviThThalanAthajI 308 zrutasAgara 299 zreNika rAsa 485 paDAvazyaka 317 ddhizataka prakaraNa' 317 saAdatakhAna navAba 321 sakasenA, rAmabAbu 331 sagarAmasa dhajI 165 sagALacaritra' 310 'sagALazA' 310 samAI 411 satarasAlajI--mUhila (ziheAra) 136 satalaja kara zabdaci satAjI 72, 73, 121 satArA 177, 182, 186 satAjI, jAma (navAnagara) 123, 126 4-6-38 | va satrasAla, ama 119, 120 'sada hikAyate zAhI' 326sadAziva dAmodara 189 sadAziva rAmacaMdra 114, 189 sadAsukha dahelavI 4 sadullAhakhAna vajhIra 201 'saptazatAthI' 296 sadarakhAna bAbI 82-84, 88, 95, 99, 150, 153, 154, 177, 180 saphrIkhAna cha 'saphInanusUsA'dAta' p sabasiMhujI 1 lo--jhAlA (vaDhavANu) 130 rajo-jhAlA (vaDhavANu) 131, 165 sabasiMhu-paramAra (stha) 135 'sabhApava' 305, 306 samayasuMdaragaNi 291, 318 samarisa'huM 316, 375 'samarArAsu' 316 'samasyApUrti kAvya' 300 samI 113, 150, 153, 154, 188, 356 samIpura 400 sarakAra, jadunAtha 262, 320 sarakheja 8, 25, 47, 63, 70, 103, 261, 267,281,400 sarjanajI 137 saratAnajI 1 le-gUhila (pAlItANA) 130

Page #621
594] mughala kAle saMgrAmajI-jhAlA (vaDhavANa) 130 . saMgrAmajI-vADhera (AkhA) 139, 2 je-gRhila (pAlItANA ) 137 saratAnajI 1le jeThavA 126 2 je-jeThavA 127 saratAnajI-jhAlA (vAMkAnera) 129 saradArakhAna 71, 73, 74, 449 450, 481 saradArasiha 143 saradhAra 123, 124 saranIla 38 sarapadaDa 315 sarabulaMdakhAna 102-105, 107, 119, 121, 122, 126, 1ra7, 130, 149, 150, 157, 179-182, 248 saravaiyA 135 sarasvatI purANa 390 sarotrA 410 salAbata muhammadakhAna 99 121, 122, 150 salAhuddIna 328 salImazAha (jahAMgIra) ra72 salemakhAna 156 savajI-juo ziva. sahajakIrti muni 294 sahastramala 292 saMkhalapura 368, 369, 424 saMga, rANe 146 saMganera 41 siMgrahaNIsatra' 484, 485, 488 saMgrAmajI-jADejA (gAMDaLa) 125 saMgrAmapura 301 saMghajI 166 saMghapura relpa saMjANa 385. 387, 496 saMta, kavi 305 saMta-paramAra (saMtha) 134 "saMtapriyA 300 saMdesara 314 "saMbaMdhasaptatikA" 291 sAgabArA 178 sAra 277 sANaMda 67 sAdaDI 291 sAdarA 99 sAdAta bArahA 322 sAdhusuMdaragaNi ra97 sAphIkhAna 58, 59 sAbaramatI 18, 45, 57, 88, 290 sAbalI-pratApagaDha 469 sAbitI, juo sAbaramatI sAmaladeva cauhANa 154 sAmaLAjI, bhAyAta 143 sAmaMtasiMha 132 sAyalA 127, 130, 132 "sArasvata sUtre 294 sAraMgajI 136, 137 sAraMgadeva vAghelA 364 sAraMgapura 35

Page #622
zabdaci sArAbhAI nAgara 5 sAlaseTa 185 sAla rakhAna 155 sAvalI 183 sAhebajI 124 sAMgaNajI 138, 139 saMgejI 123 sAMDesarA, bhogIlAla 277, 489 sAMbalapura 15ra sikaMdarakhAna 155 sikaMdara, saiyada 154 siMkadara, sauyada (sikaMdara zekha) 325 siddhapura 7-9, 17, 41, 62, 237 238, 294, 298, 311, 365, 368, 369, 382, 399, 424, 443, 447, siddharAja 133, 249, 392 siddhAcala (zatru ya) 370 siddhicaMda 14, 15, 26, 285, 295, 372 sinera 81 sipahadAra khAna 61 siphira- zukaha 70 siyara-ula-mutaberina' kara siriyA 38 sirohI 18, 193 sisodiyA vaMza 135, 148, 149 sihADa 366 sihora 105 siMdhala, sI. Ara. 224, 235, 240, 241 siMdUrakara 293 siMdha 17, 117, 119, 120, 199, 265 siMha yAsa 488 siMhAsanabatrIsI' 314, 315 sIjhara phreDarika 495 sItapura 237 sItAsvayaMvara' 207 sIMdUja 314 saheja 24 sukharAma mahetA 321 "sukhAvabodhavRtti' 290 sujanasiMha 138 sujazavelI bhAsa" 16 sujAtakhAna 179, 481 sujAnarAya baTAlavI 4 sudAmAcarita' (kRSNakRta) 306 sudAmAcaritra' (jagannAthakRta) 312 "sudAmAcaritra' (premAnaMdakRta) 310 sudAmAcaritra' (bhagavAnadAsa kAyasthakRta) 307 "sudhanvAkhyAna' (paThAkRta) 308 sudhanvA khyAna" (premAnaMda kRta) 310 sudhanvA AkhyAna' (merA-suta goviMdata) 309 sudhArIlAla 3 supeDI 15ra subaMdhu ra95 "subedhikAvRtti' ra97 subhadrAharaNa (gAMviMdarAmakRta) 307 subhadrAharaNuM (valabha bhaTTakRta) 312 subherAja 138

Page #623
59 6 ] sumativijaya 303 sumatiha 296 sumarI 118 sumAtrA 264, 265 sumArI 389 sudhI kAra surata 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 17, 38-40, 18, 25, 36, 50, 13, 14, 5, 18}, }pa, }7, 8, 70, 74, 78, 80, 83-85, 90-92, 94-96, 101, 107, 112, 130, 133, 148, 157-159, 168179, 11, 184, 186, 187, 198, 199, 224- 227, 229-231, 233, 236, 24, 251, 263, 265-267, 271, 272, 277-283, 295-297, 298, 307, 309, 311, 35, 319, 321, 324, 330, 331, 335, 354356, 359, 365, 375, 380, 386-389, 395, 403, 407, 412-414, 418-421, 443, 447, 454, 479, 485, 491, 495-504 --uttamarAmanI zerInuM jaina madira 479 --ciMtAmaNi derAsara 477 --mudhalasarAI 8 --lAlA DAkAranI peALanuM jaina madira 479 suramAla 138 'surekhAharaNa' 311 sulatAnapura 61, 136 sulemAna, zekha 382 sulecanAzrI 28 suMdara kAmadAranI vArtA' 314 suMdarajI dIkSita 315 suMdara mevADA 315 suMdaralAla mahetA 321 'suMdara zeThanI kathA' 304 suMdarasUri 17 suMvALI 171, 173, 174, 265, 279, 498, 499 'sUktAvalI' 296 'sUktiratnAkara' 295 'sUDAbaheAtarI' 314 spA 305 sUrajasa'huM 50, 135 sUra bhaTTe 309 sUrisaMha 53 'sUrIzvara ane samrATa' 11 sureza 134 *pura-juo surata. 'sUrya sahasranAma' 14 sUtha 134, 193 sejakajI 136, 130 sena, surendranAtha 50 semarasaMgajI 137 selimazAha 163

Page #624
zabdasaci 57] sevakarAma 189 saiphakhAna 59-61 sekeTrA 264 sojitrA 103, 180, 306, 375, 307, 3ra3, 479, 498, 50 3 soDadeva 136 sonagaDha 98, 178, 179, 389 sema 148 somadeva 148 seminAtha 49, 356, 368 semapAla zAha 54 samabhAvanA 298 semavimalasUri 393 somasAgarasUri 317 semasuMdarasUri 12, 317 semasaubhAgya kAvya" 12 somAjI 149 seraTha 5, 8, 37, 49, 52, 64, 71, 72, 85, 97, 105, 110, 151, 153, 147, 192 solaMkI vaMza 147 seharAbakhAna 107, 150, 151, 283, 414 "sauMdaryalaharI 315, ka64 saurASTra 20, 35, 40, 45, 47- 49, 1-63, 70, 71, 73, 75, 80, 85, 94, 99, 100, 104, 15, 120, 123, 124, 132, 136, 139, 150, 152, 181, 184, 199, 241, 277, 474, 483 skaMdapurANa" 311 taMbhatIrtha-juo khaMbhAta. sthUlibhadra 316, 317 syAdvAdamuktAvalI" 301 "svargArohaNa parva" 312 "svargArohaNI" 309 hakIkatakhAna 418 hakIkatula hiMda 321 haDAda 468 hadIsa" 209 hanumAna 291 hamajhAlA 38 hamada bukhArI saiyada 37,40 hamIdakhAna 101, 102, 107, 179, 180, 182 hamIdAbAnu 39, 44, 238 hamIrajI 118 hamIrasiMha 429 haradeva svAmI 311 haradhoLajI 1 le 121, 122 2 je 123 harabalacopAI 486, 488 harabhamajI-gRhila (zihera) 135 harabhamajI-jhAlA (ziyANI) 129 harabhAnu zukala 296 harasukharAya 84 harasela 144

Page #625
598] mughala kAla harigrahapura 18 haridAsa jaiphava 305 haridAsa vaNika 311 haridAsa vALaMda haridAsa vaiSNava 308 haribhada 296 haribhadrasUri 300 harirasa 307 hariyAda 310 1 harirAma, kavi 307 harirAma gumAstA 92, 246, 274 harirAya, gesviAmI 311 harilIlAmRta" 309 harizcaMdrAkhyAna' 306, 362, 391 harisiMha 137 harbarTa, Tomasa 170, 279, 498. 499, 505 harSakIrtisUri 293 harSasema 487 harSANaMda 374 hasana amIra 331 hasana alI khAM 251 hasana ullAkhAna 419 hasana kulIkhAna (nUrazAha) 115 hasanakhAna-hetANI (pAlanapura) 155 hasanakhAna 415 hasana muhammada gujarAtI 77 hasana rasaiyada (zekha hasanajI suratI) 329 hasamukharAya 4 hastAmalaka 300 hastiruci muni ra99 haLavada 26, 71, 75, 76, 105, 117, 122, 127-132, 150, 164, 277, 363, 407 -jUne rAjamahela 478, 480 haMsamIThuM (mIThu mahArAja) 303, 363 haMsaratna 303 haMsarAja 133 haMsarAja vaccharAja cAI' 317 haMsavilAsa" 363, 364 hasaddharaNa" 308 hAjIpura 37 hAjI sAheba 448 hAjI 137 hAthamatI 140 hAthA saiyada 14ra hAdI 9 hAmapara 163, 423 hAmida zekha 330 hAmIda saiyada 380 hArTa, viliyama 331 hAlAjI-paDadharI (garAsiyA) 122, 125 hAlAra 5, 73, 117, 12, 187 hAlejI-jADejA (kaccha) 118 hAjI-jADejA (guMDaLa) 125, 15ra 153 hAla-paramAra (mULI) 132 hAla 406 hiMdu bega mIra 35 hiMmataalI 151

Page #626
zabdasUci 599ii. hiMmatanagara 400 hIravijayapuNyakhANa 14 hIravijayasUri 11-15, 24, 28, 289, 294, 370, 37ra374, 377, 406, 427 429, 488 hIravijayasUrinA bArabelane rAsa' hIravijayasUri nirvANa svAdhyAya 14 hIravijayasUrine rAsa" 14 hIravijayasUri bAramAsa" 14 hIravijayasUri zako 14 hIrasUrirAsa 14 hIrasaubhAgya kAvya 12-14, 28 264 hIrasaubhAgya mahAkAvya 286, 290 372, 394 hIrANuMda 317 hIrAnaMda zAstrI 485 hIrAbAI 428 humAyU 1, 34-36, 149, 168, 238, 325 husena alIkhAM 251 husena zAha 117 'dUDI' (kRSNadAsakRta) 306 duDI" (premAnaMda kRta) 310 hetamakhAna 154 hatANa vaMza 154 hemacaMdra 292, 293, 364, hemadakhAnajI 247 hemaprakAza ra97 hemaladhuprakriyA ra97 hemavijayagaNi 15, 289 haidara kulIkhAna 93-95, 98-100, 101, 134, 147, 250, 252, 3ra1, 413, 456 haidara, zekha 446 haidarAbAda, nijhAma 235, 242 hekinsa, viliyama 171 heDIvALA, zApurA 241, 242, 323 heramajha 280,323 helA-olInuM AkhyAna" 305 helenDa 173, ra70, 281 Brown, C. J. 239 'History of Gujarat' 320 Studies in Parsi History' 323

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Page #628
of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance Surveyor General of India. @Governmeut of India copyright, 1978. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Present external boundary of I h a AMkhodvAra is : 16,7 kacchana akhAta bI kAlAvaDa porabaMdara dhoLa ved * * morabI * vAMkAnera mAMgarola verAvaLa * paDaQ 1414512 jUnAgaDha *thAna mULI $ 10 # 02Adhanapura lAThI . *]h amarelI UMjhA . (monA tAnA kAra TIva) bhu hah: mem bhAvanagara Fargiz * vIramagAma amadAvAda *1103 * cricist tshus- vaDanagara {ove\n (r) *vIsanagara ve 'DF, *guscio 3+3+}* 31m0* damaNa (kA, mA sAra rIya) 7. mais *navasArI * cAMpAbhara vaDodarA bharUca avs * zA

Page #629
Benecos (city) - jouleur roja resent anternal borencluny el India -. 3 . erelNL nye. Wselly so alin. use. WS m2lt. freye fuwye weig visue. . .Rini sterke RELULE fuisse exisu * relye .Ws, susle kora hai , euvenly kia Poti urt . Filluinte wc flest wint of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance Surveyor General of India. @Government of India copyright, 1978. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Fylustesiete varasA Yuna ukuye lot vinte 232 Ellion al pora vist in wr> Wat RED ha Leifheiedza ,damana aura is je caste

Page #630
penstein pra a ama A AmA iiii. aaa*mAjhATa4 FminAkAmA 33333 U U U elapae o au kakakakakaka khasa va kha khaba gagaga jaga caghacaca 33. 3. ca cacacaca nA ] . tanata lAtatatata tha yatha dAda6 ca 6 ta !. gha55cAdha nanananananana papapapapapa nAgI phaphaphapha lipi bAba bAbababa bhajana jajana / bhI sasasasa ma mama mama yAya yA yaya 2 ra ra ra ra lAlasalala lasa la la la la vavavavavavava hihi bir'aaiy'| bAba bAbA samasa sasasasa ha haha ha haha 1/ 11 /1] 19 2 22 za 2 | 3 33 3 33 |4|44 55 55 6666 7 9999 GE 9 laharA jajajajajajana 5U sAma Tara ThaTha 33333 kAmama DhA TADhA 9e /

Page #631
zithAya AkRtti. s t zI rI | | na nanananana nanI |37 6 G. gujarAtI mAM bi la ba ba ba | bhImAba ja ja thI ya | ya | | ya la | la = la | | | za za | {2) 222 | | 2 janana | ja | - ra | 2 2 My [Ta Ta | Tha | - DIDa Da Da Da | [4] |Dha & | | | |37 vavava

Page #632
nArI lipi tri- vegempi- a vidhi ume |TI - 1 : 'nv dj muMndra- a=8 aizvajha-1ze zreSyaHNyati=se vocI lo Trizica== kI tha4 $ " gujarAtI lipi vagadAkAlijibijhIkI ku pha | . kojhanIjI chA_"mu bhUta % kyAkya klala dhIrakI maM% % %) acca kaccha ja = zakti | = dva= 4 dara vyAkhyakSa zvAne

Page #633
padma 4 shrt KINOMAND AkRti 4 kamAnanI aMdara : arakhI lekha : (upara) cutha-nugrA-thutha zailI (nIce) thutha zailImAM kinArImAM : phArasI lekha : nastAlIka zailImAM

Page #634
paTTa 5 Ophy") gIta 2- - - - - - | LE ED wny rwy AkRti 5 (upara) arabI lekha ; nakha zailImAM (nIce) phArasI lekha : nastAlIka zailImAM AkRti 6 phArasI lekha : nastAlIka zailImAM

Page #635
h, { maLaUITE Sweet ** .:: kAMuililla '! TITL IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII AkRti 19, lAla daravAje, surata 5,0-17 v0-,be phUTe 2 - pha8:0" AkRti 25. amRtavarSiNI vAva, amadAvAda

Page #636
6 0 che ? 12 15 AkRti 7-16. mughalakAlIna sikkA che. akabara. tAM. amadAvAda, 46 12. auraMgajheba. cAM. surata. 1095 8. jahAMgIra. cAM. ), (meSa) 13. jahAMdarazAha. cAM. ,, 1 9. zAhajahAM. cAM. khaMbhAta 14. pharukhaziyara. cAM, ,, 10. , cAM. surata 15. muhamadazAha. amadAvAda. 27 11. murAdabuza, cAM. surata. 1068 16. ahamadazAha, kuMbAyata. 11 64

Page #637
para 8 AkRti 17. mArI, khAna sarovara, pATaNa

Page #638
AkRti 20. traNa daravAjA, khaMbhAta parka 9

Page #639
AkRti 21. zAhIbAgamAMne mahela, amadAvAda (azradarzana) AkRti 22. zAhIbAgamAMne mahela, amadAvAda (pRSThadarzana)

Page #640
paTTa 11 TI. ji AkRti 23. AjhamakhAnanI sarAI, amadAvAda

Page #641
59 12 AkRti 26. zatruMjaya paranuM maMdiranagara

Page #642
AkRti 27. AdIzvara maMdira, zatrujya

Page #643
54 14 che. AkRti 28. sAmanAthanuM khaMDera maMdira, prabhAsa pATaNu

Page #644
AkRti 29. dvArakAdhIzanuM maMdira, dvArakA 54 15

Page #645
paTTa 16 AkRti 30, bahucarAjInuM maMdira, bahucarAjI

Page #646
che. Scra AkRti 31. gadAdhara maMdiranuM taladarzana, zAmaLAjI

Page #647
AkRti 32. abU turAbane makabare, amadAvAda

Page #648
AkRti 33. zekha vahuddInane makabara, amadAvAda

Page #649
[]) AkRti 34. jAmI masjida, siddhapura

Page #650
paTTa 21 AkRti 35. saradArakhAnanI masjida, amadAvAdu

Page #651
AkRti 36. amadAvAdanI sujatakhAnanI masjida ane makabarAnuM talamAna

Page #652
paTTa 23 ka na ma ra ma na kAna kAkA kakaka kakakakaka ke na : mA ka na na ka na 'rAI. AkRti 37. nAnA e kusane makabarA, amadAvAda AkRti 38. baMgALI zailInI be daragAha, amadAvAda

Page #653
5 24 AkRti 39-41. gadAdhara maMdiranI zilpapaTTikAo, zAmaLAjI

Page #654
paTTa 25 AkRti 41. dazabhuja gaNeza, nIlakaMTha mahAdeva, amadAvAda

Page #655
paTTa 26 9. C AkRti 42. trivikrama, gArAla DOO AkRti 43. lakSmI, khaMbhAta AkRti 44. mahiSamardinI, khaMbhAta

Page #656
5 27 AkRti 46. veNugopAla, amadAvAda AkRti 47. rAdhAkRSNa, amadAvAda AkRti 45. lAlajI, amadAvAda

Page #657
AkRti 48. sahastraphaNA pArzvanAtha, sAbalI AkRti 49. mahAvIra svAmI, amadAvAda

Page #658
AkRti 50. vimalanAtha, amadAvAda

Page #659
58 30 51. cAmaradhArI, vaDodarA myu. para. dIpalamI, vaDodarA myu. 53. cAmaradhAriNI, vaDodarA myu.

Page #660
paTTa 31 AkRti 54. saurASTrane dAbaDA, ne. yu., dilhI

Page #661
paTTa 32 AkRti 55, toraNa, vADIpArzvanAtha maMdira, pATaNa

Page #662
, ja ke e che ka ja che AkRti 56. gaMdharva ane surasuMdarIe, amadAvAda

Page #663
paTTa 34 AkRti pa7, AInA mahelanI jALI, bhUja

Page #664
AkRti 58. jALI, alIkhAne kAjInI masjida, amaddAvAd

Page #665
pada 36, AkRti 59. jahAMgIranA samayanuM vijJaptipatra paranuM citra

Page #666
AkRti 60. jahAMgIranA samayanuM vijJaptipatra paranuM citra ke A to che bI pI nA paNa karI zake che " .

Page #667
paTTa 38 AkRti 61. varAha avatAranuM citra, pATaNa

Page #668
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