Jain Pratimavigyan

Author(s): Maruti Nandan Prasad Tiwari
Publisher: Parshwanath Shodhpith Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002137/1

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA :25: 2916 jaina pratimAvijJAna lekhaka DA0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna vArANasI-221005 1981

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grantha- paricaya prastuta grantha meM prArambha se lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI I0 taka ke jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| isameM devagar3ha, khajurAho, kumbhAriyA, osiyA, AbU, tAraMgA, gyArasapura, jAlora, ghANerAva jaise sthaloM evaM kaI purAtAtvika saMgrahAlayoM ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA ekaikazaH vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| digaMbara sthaloM para jaina mahAvidyAoM ke saMbhAvita aMkana (khajurAho ) ke prayAsa, dvitIrthI evaM tritorthI jina mUrtiyoM tathA unameM bAhubalI evaM sarasvatI ke aMkana, bAhubalI aura bharata cakravartI ko svatantra mUrtiyAM; aura zvetAMbara sthaloM para jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM evaM unake mAtA-pitA ke nirUpaNa tathA kaI anya mahatvapUrNa prApti uparyukta adhyayana dvArA hI saMbhava ho sakIM haiM / jaina kalAkendroM para vizeSa lokapriya, kintu paraMparA meM avarNita jaina devI-devatAoM ke ullekha pahalI bAra isI grantha meM hue haiN| eka sthala para sampUrNa jaina devakula ke vikAsa ke nirUpaNa tathA yakSa-yakSI pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana meM jinasaMyukta mUrtiyoM ke ullekha bhI pahalI bAra hue haiM / samUcA adhyayana aitihAsika dRSTikoNa ke antargata kAla aura kSetra kI maryAdA meM kiyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha jaina dharma, kalA evaM pratimAvijJAna para zodha karane vAloM ke sAtha hI hindI jagat ke sAmAnya jijJAsu pAThakoM ke lie bhI upayogI hogA / Panal Use Only www.jalnelial org

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pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama granthamAlA :25: jaina pratimAvijJAna lekhaka DA0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI vyAkhyAtA, kalA-itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI amala kasA agodrivar ESna vArANasI-5 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna vArANasI-221005 1981

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bhAratIya itihAsa anusandhAna pariSad, naI dillI dvArA Arthika sahAyatA prApta prakAzaka evaM prApti-sthAna pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna AI0TI0 AI0 roDa vArANasI-221005 prakAzana-varSa 1981 mUlyaH ru. 10/ mudraka pATha-tArA priMTiMga varksa, kamA , vArANasI citra-khaNDelavAla presa, mAnandira, vArANasI

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prakAzakIya jaina pratimAvijJAna para hindI bhASA meM adyAvadhi do-tIna laghukAya kRtiyAM hI prakAzita huI haiN| DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI kI yaha vizAlakAya kRti na kevala gaveSaNApUrNa adhyayana para AdhArita hai, apitu viSaya ko kAphI gaharAI se evaM vyApaka pariprekSya meM prastuta karatI hai| AzA hai vidvat jagat meM isa kRti ko samucita sthAna prApta hogaa| mAratIya mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM jaina pratimAoM kA aitihAsikatA evaM kalA-pakSa donoM dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| jaina pratimAvijJAna meM jina pratimAoM ke sAtha-sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, vidyAdeviyoM aura sarasvatI Adi kI pratimAoM kA bhI viziSTa sthAna rahA hai| DaoN0 tivArI ne ina sabako apane grantha meM samAhita kiyA hai| mujhe isa bAta kI prasannatA hai ki DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI pAzrvanAtha vidyAzrama ke zodha chAtra rahe haiM aura unako apane zodha-prabandha 'uttara bhArata meM jaina pratimAvijJAna' para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA I0 san 1977 meM pI-eca0DI0 kI upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| prastuta kRti unakI ukta gaveSaNA kA saMzodhita rUpa hai jisako prakAzita kara pAThakoM ke hAthoM meM prastuta karate hue mujhe ati prasannatA ho rahI hai| prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu bhAratIya itihAsa anusandhAna pariSada, naI dillI evaM jIvana jagan cairiTebala TrasTa, pharIdAbAda ne Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai; isa hetu maiM unakA atyanta AbhArI huuN| isa sahAyatA ke kAraNa hI prastuta grantha kA prakAzana sambhava ho sakA hai / maiM lAlabhAI dalapatamAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira, ahamadAbAda; jaina jarnala, kalakattA tathA bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI kA bhI AbhArI hUM, jinhoMne prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu kucha citroM ke blAksa upalabdha karAkara sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| ___ maiM saMsthAna ke nidezaka, DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI evaM DaoN0 harihara siMha kA bhI AbhArI hUM jinhoMne grantha ke mudraNa evaM prapharIDiMga sambandhI uttaradAyitvoM kA nirvAha kara isa prakAzana ko sambhava banAyA hai| ___ anta meM maiM saMsthAna ke mAnad mantrI mAI bhUpendranAtha ke prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hUM jinake prayatnoM ke kAraNa hI saMsthAna ke prakAzana kAryoM meM apekSita pragati ho rahI hai| zAdIlAla jaina adhyakSa pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI-221005

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jaina vidyA ke niSkAma sevaka evaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke mAnad mantrI lAlA harajasarAyajI ko sAdara samarpita

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jinheM yaha grantha samarpita hai jainavidyA ke niSkAma sevaka lAlA harajasarAyajI jaina : eka paricaya bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI janma sthalI evaM vidyAnagarI kAzI meM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke samIpa jaina dharma aura darzana ke uccatama adhyayana kendra ke rUpa meM pAravanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ko mUrtarUpa dene evaM vikasita karane kA zreya yadi kisI vyakti ko hai, to vaha lAlA harajasarAyajI jaina ko hai jinake athaka parizrama se isa saMsthAna ke preraka paM sukhalAlajI kA cira pratIkSita sundara svapna sAkAra ho sakA / lAlA harajasarAyajI kA janma amRtasara ke prasiddha evaM sammAnita lAlA uttamacandajI jaina ke parivAra meM huA, ApakA janma amRtasara meM Asoja zudI 7 maMgalavAra Apake pitA kA nAma lAlA jagannAthajI jaina thA / jo apanI dAnazIlatA tathA maryAdA kI rakSA ke lie prasiddha rahA hai / samvat 1953, tadanusAra dinAMka 13 aktUbara 1896 I0 ko huA / ye apane pitA ke dvitIya putra haiM / inake anya bhrAtA sva0 lAlA ratanacandajI jaina tathA lAlA haMsarAjajI jaina the / san 1911 meM 15 varSa kI Ayu meM inakA vivAha-saMskAra zrImatI lAbhadevI se sampanna huA, jo syAlakoTa ( aba pAkistAna meM ) ke prasiddha hakIma lAlA belIrAmajI jaina kI putrI thIM / yaha parivAra bhI apane mAnavIya evaM udAra ke lie prasiddha rahA hai / zrImatI lAbhadevI ke bhAI lAlA gopAlacandrajI jaina vibhAjana ke pazcAt bhI pAkistAna meM hI rahe tathA apanI yogyatA ke kAraNa pAkistAna sarakAra se sammAnita bhI hue / Apane san 1919 meM gavarnamenTa kAleja, lAhaura se bI0 e0 kI zikSA pUrNa kii| vaha yuga rASTrIya AndolanoM kA yuga thA / gAMdhIjI ke AhvAna para sampUrNa deza meM sAmAjika va rAjanItika punarjAgaraNa kI havA phaila rahI thI / parAdhIna bhArata meM dezabhakti ko protsAhana dene ke lie deza meM nirmita vastuoM ke upabhoga para bala diyA jA rahA thA tathA videzI vastuoM kA bahiSkAra kiyA jA rahA thA / ina sabakA prabhAva yuvaka harajasarAya para bhI pdd'aa| ve usI samaya se khaddaradhArI ho gae evaM deza meM dhArmika tathA sAmAjika kurItiyoM ko miTAne aura rAjanaitika caitanyatA lAne ke kArya meM juTa gaye / rASTrIya paddhati para zikSA dene ke lie 1929 meM amRtasara meM zrIrAma Azrama hAI skUla kI sthApanA huI / bAbU harajasarAyajI isake prathama maMtrI bane / samAja ke agragaNya vyaktiyoM dvArA muktahasta se diye gaye dAna se yaha saMsthA puSpita tathA pallavita huI / isakI sabase pramukha vizeSatA sahazikSA thI / sAmAjika tathA dhArmika andhavizvAsa ko jar3a se samApta karane kA sabase sundara upAya yahI thA ki nara aura nArI donoM ko samAna zikSA dI jaay| yaha saMsthA aba bhI bahuta hI sucAru rUpa se cala rahI hai / 1929 meM sampUrNa AjAdI kA nArA dene ke lie AhUta lAhaura kAMgresa meM Apane eka sadasya ke rUpa meM sakriya bhAga liyA / isake atirikta Apa kaI pramukha samitiyoM ke sadasya rahe, jaise sevA samiti, amRtasara skAuTa esoziezana Adi / 1935 meM pUjya zrI sohanalAlajI ma0 mA0 ke dehAvasAna para samAja ne unakA smAraka banAne ke lie 25000 ) ru0 ekatra kiyA tathA harajasarAyajI ko isakI vyavasthA kA kAryabhAra sauNpaa| Apane isa kArya ko bahuta sundara DhaMga se pUrNa kiyA / 1941 meM ye bambaI jaina yuvaka kAMgresa ke pradhAna bane tathA akhila sthAnakavAsI jaina kAMphrensa meM khulakara bhAga liyA / samagra krAnti ke praNetA zrI jayaprakAza nArAyaNa se bhI ApakA ghaniSTha samparka rahA tathA kaI avasaroM para unheM sAmAjika kAryoM ke lie Arthika sahayoga bhI pradAna kiyA /

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pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna ke nirmANa meM bhI ApakA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| 1936 meM zrI sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti kI sthApanA ke uparAnta isake kAryakSetra ko vistRta rUpa dene ke lie Apane kucha mitroM kI salAha tathA zatAvadhAnI muni zrI ratnacandrajI ma. sA. ke Adeza se paM0 sukhalAlajI se banArasa meM samparka sthApita kiyaa| paNDitajI ke nirdezana ke AdhAra para samiti ne jainavidyA ke vikAsa evaM pracAra-prasAra ko apanA mukhya lakSya banAyA tathA unhIM uddezyoM kI pUrti hetu vidyAnagarI kAzI meM 1937 meM pAzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna kI nIMva ddaalii| samiti ko prApta dAna ke atirikta bhI harajasarAyajI ne isa puNya kArya meM vyaktigata rupa se kAphI Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| bAbU harajasarAyajI se merA prathama paricaya unhIM ke suyogya bhatIje lAlA zAdIlAlajI ke mAdhyama se sva0 vyAkhyAna vAcaspati zrI madanalAlajI ma0 ke sAnidhya meM dillI meM huA thA / dinoM-dina yaha sambandha pragAr3ha hotA gayA, phira to unake sAtha pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama ke koSAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM varSoM kArya karanA pdd'aa| maiMne pAyA ki lAlAjI svabhAva se atyanta mRda, alpabhASI aura saMkocI haiM / kintu kartavyaniSThA aura lagana unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI huI hai| Apane samAja sevA to kI, kintu nAma kI koI kAmanA nahIM rakhI, sevA kA r3hola kabhI nahIM piittaa| alipta aura niSkAma bhAva se sevA karanA hI unake jIvana kA mUla mantra rahA hai| sAmAjika saMsthAoM meM kArya karate hue bhI Arthika mAmaloM meM sadaiva sajaga aura prAmANika rahanA unakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai| saMsthA kA eka kAgaja bhI apane nijI upayoga meM na Aye isake lie na kevala svayaM sajaga rahate kintu parivAra ke logoM ko bhI sAvadhAna rkhte| lAlAjI kevala vidyA-premI hI nahIM haiM, apitu svayaM vidvAn bhI haiN| yaha bAta sambhavataH bahuta kama hI loga jAnate haiM ki zatAvadhAnI paM0 ratnacandra jI ma. sA. dvArA nirmita ardhamAgadhI koza ke aMgrejI anuvAda kA kArya svayaM lAlAjI ne kiyA thaa| yaha unhIM ke parizrama kA mIThA phala hai ki pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna jaina dharma aura jainavidyA kI nirmala jyoti phailA rahA hai| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna parivAra lAlA harajasarAyajI jaina ke uttama svAsthya evaM dIrgha jIvana kI kAmanA karatA hai, tAki unako tapasvitA evaM niSkAma sevAvRtti se hamalogoM ko satat preraNA milatI rhe| -gulAbacaMdra jaina

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Amukha . jaina dharma para deza-videza meM paryApta zodha kArya hae haiM. para jaina pratimAvijJAna para abhI taka samucita vistAra se koI kArya nahIM huA hai| jaina pratimAvijJAna para upalabdha sAmagrI ke eka kramabaddha evaM samyaka adhyayana ke AkarSaNa ne hI mujhe isa viSaya para kArya karane ke lie prerita kiyaa| kisI bhI aitihAsika adhyayana ke lie kSetra tathA kAla kI sImA kA nirdhAraNa eka anivArya AvazyakatA hai| prastuta grantha meM jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa ko kSetrIya dRSTi se .mukhyataH uttara bhArata kI paridhi meM rakhA gayA hai aura isameM prArambha se lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI I. taka ke vikAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata kI bhI sthAna-sthAna para carcA kI gaI hai / jaina devakula yatheSTa vistRta hai tathA vibhinna devI-devatAoM ke aMkana kI dRSTi se jainakalA pracura mAtrA meM samRddha bhI hai| ata: eka hI grantha meM jaina devakula ke sabhI devI-devatAoM kA svatantra evaM vistRta pratimAnirUpaNa aneka kAraNoM se kaThina pratIta huaa| tIrthaMkara (yA jina) hI jaina devakula ke kendra bindu haiM aura sabhI dRSTiyoM se unhIM kA sarvAdhika mahatva hai, astu prastuta grantha meM kevala jinoM ora unase saMzliSTa yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke hI svatantra evaM vistRta pratimAnirUpaNa kiye gaye haiN| jaina devakUla ke anya devI-devatAoM kA kevala sAmAnya nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / uparyukta kAla aura kSetra ke caukhaTa meM grantha meM Adyanta aitihAsika ke sAtha-sAtha tulanAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAyA gayA hai| yaha tulanAtmaka vivecana utpatti-vikAsa, prAcIna tathA apekSAkRta arvAcIna granthoM evaM mUrti avazeSoM, zvetAMbara tathA digaMbara mAnyatAoM Adi ke adhyayana taka vistRta hai| zvetAMbara aura digaMbara granthoM tathA purAtAtvika sthaloM kI sAmagriyoM kA alaga-alaga adhyayana kara pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se donoM ke samAna tatvoM aura bhinnatAoM ko bhI spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita sabhI upalabdha jaina granthoM kA yathAsaMbhava adhyayana aura unakI sAmagrI kA samucita upayoga kiyA gayA hai| prakAzita granthoM ke atirikta kucha mahatvapUrNa pANDulipiyoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI saMdarbha meM kaI mahatvapUrNa zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara parAtAtvika sthaloM kI yAtrA ka kA vistRta adhyayana bhI prastuta karane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| prastuta grantha meM kula sAta adhyAya haiN| prathama do adhyAya pRSThabhUmi-sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM aura agale adhyAyoM meM jaina devakUla ke vikAsa tathA pratimAvijJAna viSayaka adhyayana haiN| prathama adhyAya meM viSaya se sambandhita vistRta prastAvanA dI gayI hai, jisameM kSetra-sImA, kAla-nirdhAraNa, pUrvavartI zodhakArya, adhyayana-srota evaM zodha-praNAlI Adi para vistAra se carcA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM jaina pratimAvijJAna kI rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhami kA aitihAsika adhyayana hai| isameM jaina dharma evaM kalA ko vibhinna yagoM meM prApta honevAle rAjakIya aura rAjetara logoM ke protsAhana aura saMrakSaNa tathA dhArmika evaM Arthika pRSThabhUmi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM jaina devakula ke vikAsa kA adhyayana hai| isameM AvazyakatAnusAra mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa bhI diye gaye haiM aura jaina devakula para hindU evaM bauddha devakuloM tathA tAntrika prabhAva ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| eka sthala para sampUrNa jaina devakula ke vikAsa ke nirUpaNa kA sambhavataH yaha prathama prayAsa hai| caturtha adhyAya meM uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna prakAzita srotoM se prApta sAmagriyoM ke upayoga ke sAtha hI khajurAho, devagar3ha, gyArasapura, osiyA, AbU, jAlora, kummAriyA, tAraMgA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA aura rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera jaise purAtAtvika sthaloM

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evaM saMgrahAlayoM ko yAtrA kara vahAM kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA vistAra se adhyayana aura upayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke lie yaha aitihAsika sarvekSaNa atyanta upayogI siddha huA hai| osiyA kI vidyAoM evaM jIvantasvAmI kI mUrtiyAM aura jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana, khajurAho kI vidyA (?), bAhubalI aura dvitIrthI jina mUrtiyAM, devagar3ha ko 24 yakSI, bharata,bAhubalI, dvitIrthI, tritIrthI evaM caumukhI jina mUrtiyAM, kumbhAriyA ke vitAnoM ke jinoM ke jIvanadRzya tathA jinoM ke mAtApitA evaM vidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM prastuta adhyayana kI kucha upalabdhiyAM haiN| isI adhyayana ke krama meM katipaya aise jaina devatAoM kA bhI sambhavataH isI grantha meM pahalI bAra vivecana hai jinakA jaina paramparA meM to koI ullekha nahIM prApta hotA parantu jo purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yatheSTa lokapriya jJAta hote haiM / paMcama adhyAya meM jina-pratimAvijJAna kA vistAra se adhyayana hai| prArambha meM jina mUrtiyoM ke vikAsa kI saMkSipta rUparekhA dI gayI hai aura usake bAda 24 jinoM ke mUrtivaijJAnika vikAsa ko vyaktizaH nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM prArambha se sAtavIM zatI I0 taka ke udAharaNoM kA adhyayana kAlakrama meM tathA usake bAda kA kSetra ke sandarbha meM aura sthAnIya vizeSatAoM ko daSTigata karate hae kiyA gayA hai| yakSa-yakSI se sambandhita SaSTha adhyAya meM bhI yahI paddhati apanAyI gayI hai| 24 jinoM ke svatantra mUrtivijJAnaparaka adhyayana ke bAda jinoM kI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI evaM caumukhI mUrtiyoM aura caturvizati-jina-paTToM tathA jina-samavasaraNoM kA bhI alaga-alaga adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| jinoM ke pratimAnirUpaNa meM unake jIvanadRzyoM ke mataM aMkanoM tathA dvitIrthI aura tritIrthI mUrtiyoM ke vistRta ullekha sambhavataH yahIM para pahalI bAra kiye gaye haiN| SaSTha adhyAya meM jinoM ke yakSoM evaM yakSiyoM ke pratimAvijJAna kA vistRta adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / yakSoM evaM yakSiyoM ke ullekha yugalazaH evaM jinoM ke pAramparika krama ke anusAra haiN| pahale yakSa aura usake bAda sahayoginI yakSI kA pratimAnirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| prArambha meM yakSoM evaM yakSiyoM ke mUrtivaijJAnika vikAsa ko samagra dRSTi se Akalita kiyA gayA hai aura usake bAda unakA alaga-alaga adhyayana prastuta hai| yakSoM evaM yakSiyoM ke pratimAnirUpaNa meM svatantra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI sarvaprathama jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM ke bhI vistRta adhyayana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hai jisameM samagra adhyayana kI prAptiyoM ko kramabaddha rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| grantha meM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM cAra tAlikAeM dI gayI haiM, jinameM 24 jinoM, yakSa-yakSiyoM evaM mahAvidyAoM kI sUciyAM tathA pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA dI gayI hai| anta meM vistRta sandarbha-grantha-sUcI, citra-sUcI, zabdAnukramaNikA aura citrAvalI dI gaI haiM / citroM ke cayana meM mUrtiyoM ke kevala pratimAvijJAnaparaka vizeSatAoM kA hI dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| prastuta grantha ke lekhana evaM prakAzana meM jina kRpAlu vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAoM se sahAyatA milI hai, unake prati yahAM do zabda kahanA apanA kartavya samajhatA haiN| prastuta viSaya para kArya ke Arambha se samApana taka satata utsAhavardhana evaM vibhinna samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM kRpApUrNa sahAyatA aura mArgadarzana ke lie maiM apane guruvara DA. lakSmIkAnta tripAThI, rIDara, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtatva vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya (kA. hi0 vi0 vi0), kA AjIvana RNI rhuuNgaa| ___ pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, bhUtapUrva adhyakSa, ela0 DI0 insTiTyUTa oNva iNDolAjI, ahamadAbAda, DA0 yU0pI0 zAha, bhUtapUrva upanidezaka, oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa, bar3audA, zrI madhusUdana DhAkI, sahanidezaka (zodha), amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, DA0 je0 ena0 tivArI, rIDara, prA0 bhA0 i0 saM0 evaM purAtatva vibhAga, kA0 hi. vi. vi. aura DA0 harihara siMha, vyAkhyAtA, sAndhya mahAvidyAlaya, kA.hi. vi. vi. ke prati bhI maiM apane ko kRtajJa pAtA hUM, jinhoMne aneka avasaroM para tatparatApUrvaka apanI sahAyatA evaM parAmarzo se mujhe lAbha pahuMcAyA hai|

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(iii) isa prasaMga meM maiM apane mitra zrI pinAkapANi prasAda zarmA, AI0 pI0 esa0 sahAyaka pulisa adhIkSaka, nAndeDa ( mahArASTra), ko vizeSa rUpa se dhanyavAda denA cAhatA hUM, jinase mujhe niraMtara parAmarza, sahAyatA aura utsAhavardhana milA hai / yahAM maiM anuja zrI durgAnandana tivArI aura apane vidyArthI zrI candradeva siMha ko bhI samaya-samaya para unase prApta sahAyatA ke lie dhanyavAda detA hU~ / grantha ke prakAzana meM dI gayI bahuvidha sahAyatA ke lie maiM DA0 (zrImatI) kamala giri, prAdhyApikA, kalAitihAsa vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0vi0 kA bhI hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| * grantha ke prakAzana ke nimitta vittIya sahAyatA pradAna karane ke lie meM bhAratIya itihAsa anusandhAna pariSada, naI dillI tathA jIvana jagana cairiTebala TrasTa, pharIdAbAda kA bhI AbhArI hUM / grantha ke prakAzana ke lie pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ko maiM hRdaya se dhanyavAda detA huuN| saMsthAna ke adhyakSa DA0 sAgaramala jaina ne jisa tatparatA se grantha ke prakAzana kI vyavasthA kI usake lie maiM vizeSarUpa se unake prati AbhAra prakaTa karatA hUM / tArA priMTiMga varksa, vArANasI ke vyavasthApaka, zrI ramAzaMkara paNDyA aura khaNDelavAla presa vArANasI ke vyavasthApaka mI dhanyevAda ke pAtra haiM, jinhoMne kramazaH pATha aura citroM kA mudraNa kArya surucipUrNa DhaMga se kiyA hai| citroM evaM blAksa ko vyavasthA ke lie maiM amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, dillI tathA jaina jarnala, kalakattA kA vizeSa rUpa se AbhArI hUM / 1 rASTrabhASA hindI meM bhAratIya pratimAvijJAna para prakAzita granthoM kI saMkhyA atyanta sImita hai / jaina pratimAvijJAna para to hindI meM sambhavataH koI samucita grantha hai hI nhiiN| mAtRbhASA hindI meM isa viSaya para grantha lekhana kI mero prabala icchA thI / prastuta grantha ke mAdhyama se maiMne isa dizA meM eka vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se hindI jagata meM bhI prastuta grantha kA svAgata hogA, aisI AzA karatA huuN| zrAvaNa pUrNimA ( rakSAbandhana), 2038, 15 agasta, 1981 - mArutinandana prasAda tivArI

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viSaya-sUcI pRSTha viSaya Amukha i-iii saMketa-sUcI vii-viii prathama adhyAya: prastAvanA 1-12 sAmAnya 1, pUrvagAmI zodhakArya 3, adhyayana-srota 10, kArya-praNAlI 11 dvitIya adhyAya : rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi 13-28 sAmAnya 13, Arambhika kAla 14, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kA yuga 14, mauryayuga 16, zuMgakuSANa yuga 17, guptayuga 19, madhyayuga 20, gujarAta 22, rAjasthAna 24, uttara pradeza 26, madhya pradeza 26, bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla 27 tRtIya adhyAya : jaina devakula kA vikAsa prArambhika kAla 29, caubIsa jinoM kI dhAraNA 30, zalAkApuruSa 31, kRSNa-balarAma 32, lakSmI 33, sarasvatI 33, indra 33, negameSI 34, yakSa 34, vidyAdeviyAM 35, lokapAla 36, anya devatA 36, paravartI kAla 37, devakula meM vRddhi aura usakA svarUpa 37, jina yA tIrthakara 38, yakSa-yakSI 38, vidyAdeviyAM 40, rAma aura kRSNa 41, bharata aura bAhubalI 41, jinoM ke mAtApitA 42, paMca parameSThi 42, dikpAla 42, navagraha 43, kSetrapAla 43, 64-yoginiyAM 43, zAntidevI 43, gaNeza 44, brahmazAnti yakSa 44, kapardI yakSa 44 caturtha adhyAya : uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa Arambhika kAla 45, maurya-zuMgakAla 45, kuSANa kAla 46, causA 46, mathurA 46, AyAgapaTa 47, jina mUrtiyAM 47, sarasvatI evaM nagameSI mUrtiyAM 49, guptakAla 49, mathurA 50, rAjagira 50, vidizA 50, kahoma 51, vArANasI 51, akoTA 51, causA 51, guptottara kAla 52, madhyayuga 52, gujarAta 52, kummAriyA 53, tAraMgA 56, rAjasthAna 56, osiyA 57, ghANerAva 59, sAdarI 60, varmANa 60, sevar3I 60, nADola 61, nADlAI 61, AbU 62, jAlora 65, uttara pradeza 66, devagar3ha 67, madhya pradeza 70, gyArasapura 70, khajurAho 72, anya sthala 75, bihAra 76, ur3IsA 76, baMgAla 78 paMcama adhyAya: jina-pratimAvijJAna 80-153 sAmAnya 80, jina-mUrtiyoM kA vikAsa 80, gujarAta-rAjasthAna 84, uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza 84, bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla 84, RSabhanAtha 85, ajitanAtha 95, sambhavanAtha 97, abhinaMdana 98, sumatinAtha 99, padmaprabha 100, supArzvanAtha 100, candraprabha 102, suvidhinAtha 104, zItalanAtha 104, zreyAMzanAtha 105, vAsupUjya 105, vimalanAtha 106, anantanAtha 107, dharmanAtha 107, zAntinAtha 108, kuMthunAtha 112, aranAtha 113, mallinAtha 113, munisuvrata 114, naminAtha 116, neminAtha 117, pAzrvanAtha 124, mahAvIra 136, dvitIrthI-jina-mUrtiyAM 144, tritIrthI-jina-mUrtiyAM 146, sarvatobhadrikA-jina-mUrtiyAM 148, caturviMzati-jina-paTTa 152, jina-samavasaraNa 152

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SaSTha adhyAya : yakSa-yakSI - pratimAvijJAna saptama adhyAya : niSkarSa pariziSTa sAmAnya vikAsa 154, sAhityika sAkSya 154, mUrtigata sAkSya 158, sAmUhika aMkana 160, gomukha 162, cakrezvarI 166, mahAyakSa 173, ajitA yA rohiNI 174, trimukha 176, duritA yA prajJapti 177, Izvara yA yakSezvara 178, kAlikA yA vajrazRMkhalA 179, tumbaru 180, mahAkAlI yA puruSadattA 181, kusuma 182, acyutA yA manovegA 183, mAtaMga 184, zAntA yA kAlI 185, vijaya yA zyAma 186, bhRkuTi yA jvAlAmAlinI 187, ajita 189, sutArA yA mahAkAlI 190, brahma 190, azokA yA mAnavI 191, Izvara 193, mAnavI yA gaurI 194, kumAra 195, caNDA yA gAMdhArI 196, SaNmukha yA caturmukha 197, viditA yA vairoTI 198, pAtAla 199, aMkuzA yA anantamatI 200, kinnara 201, kandarpA yA mAnasI 202, garuDa 203, nirvANI yA mahAmAnasI 205, gandharva 207, balA yA jayA 208, yakSendra yA khendra 209, dhAraNI yA tArAvatI 210, kubera 211, vairoTyA yA aparAjitA 212, varuNa 213, naradattA yA bahurUpiNI 214, bhRkuTi 216, gAndhArI yA cAmuNDA 217, padmAvatI 235, mAtaMga 242, gomedha 218, ambikA yA kuSmANDI 222, pArzva yA dharaNa 232, siddhAyikA yA siddhAyinI 244 sandarbha-sUcI citra-sUcI List of Illustrations zabdAnukramaNikA citrAvalI (vi) 154- 247 248-53 254-67 268-88 289-91 292-99 300-16 1-79

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a0lA0bu0 A0sa0I0e0ri0 iNDi0 eNTi 0 iNDi0ka0 iM0hi 0kva0 IsTa ve0 u0 hi0ri0ja0 epi0 iNDi0 eNzi0 iM0 o0 ArTa * kA0I0I0 kvA0ja0mi0so0 kvA0ja0 mai 0sTe0 chavi 0 ja0AM0 hi0ri0sa0 ja0 iM0 myU0 ja0I0sI0o0A0 ja0I0 hi0 ja0ema0esa0yU0ba0 ja0e0sI0 ja0e0 so0 naM0 ja0o0I0 ja0 gu0ri0sa0 ja0bAM0brAM0rA0e0so0 ja0bi0u0ri0so0 ja0bi0ri0so0 ja0yU0pI0hi0so 0 ja0yU0ba0 ja0rA0e0 so0 ji0i0 de0 je0ka0sthA0 jaina eNTi0 je0zi0saM0 saMketa-sUcI di aDyAra lAibrerI buleTina afroAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, ainuala riporTa iNDiyana enTikvero iNDiyana kalcara iNDiyana hisTArikala kvArTarlI IsTa eNDa vesTa ur3IsA hisTArikala risarca jarnala grAphiyA ifusat ainziyaNTa iNDiyA : buleTina oNva di ArkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA oriyaNTala ArTa kArpasa inskripzanama iNDikerama kvArTala jarnala oNva di mithika sosAiTI kvArTarlI jarnala oNva di maisUra sTeTa chavi : golDena jubilI vAlyUma oNva di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (saM0 Ananda kRSNa ) jarnala oNva di Andhra hisTArikala risarca sosAiTI jarnala oNva di iNDiyana myUz2iyamsa, baMbaI jarnala oNva di iNDiyana sosAiTI oNva oriyaNTala ArTa jarnala oNva iNDiyana hisTrI jarnala oNva di ema0 esa0 yUnivarsiTI oNva bar3audA jarnala oNva di eziyATika sosAiTI, kalakattA jarnala oNva di eziyATika sosAiTI oNva baMgAla jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa oNva bar3audA jarnala oNva di gujarAta risarca sosAiTI jarnala oNva di bAmbe brAMca oNva di rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI jarnala oNva di bihAra, ur3IsA risarca sosAiTI jarnala oNva di bihAra risarca sosAiTI jarnala oNva di yU0pI0 hisTArikala sosAiTI jarnala oNva di yUnivarsiTI oNva bAmbe jarnala oNva di rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, landana di jina imejeja oNva devagar3ha (le0 klAja bruna) jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ( 3 khaNDa, saM0 amalAnaMda ghoSa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha) jaina eNTikverI jaina zilAlekha saMgraha ( bhAga 1-5 - kramazaH saM0 hIrAlAla jaina, vijayamUrti, vijayamUrti, vidyAdhara joharApurakara, vidyAdhara joharApurakara )

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je0sa0pra0 jai0 si0 bhA0 triza0pu0ca0 pA0Ti0 pu0mu0 pU0ni0 pro0TrAM0o0kAM0 pro0ri0A0sa060ve0sa0 bu0Da0kA0ri0I0 bu0pra0ve myU0ve 0I0 bu0ba0 myU0 bu0ma0ga0myU0nyU0 si0 bu0yU0pI00 ma0jai0vi0go0 ju0vA0 me0A0sa0I0 0 a0 vi0iM0ja0 saM0pu0pa0 sTa0 jai0A0 ( viii ) jaina satyaprakAza jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, ArA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( hemacandrakRta ) pAda TippaNI punarmudrita pUrva nirdiSTa prosiDiMgsa aiNDa TrAnjekzansa oNva di Ala iNDiyA oriyaNTala kAnpharensa progresa riporTa oNva di ArkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, vesTarna sarkila buleTina oNva di DaeNkana kAleja risarca insTiTyUTa, pUnA buleTina oNva di priMsa oNva velsa myUz2iyama oNva vesTarna iNDiyA, bambaI buleTina oNva di bar3audA myUz2iyama buleTina oNva di madrAsa gavarnamenTa myUz2iyama, nyU sirIja buleTina myUjiyama aiNDa pikcara gailarI, bar3audA mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyUma, baMbaI (bhAga 1, saM0 e0ena0 upAdhye Adi) memvAyarsa oNva di ArkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA di vAyasa oNva ahiMsA vizvezvarAnanda iNDolAjikala jarnala, hoziyArapura saMgrahAlaya purAtatva patrikA, lakhanaU sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa (le0 yU0pI0 zAha)

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prathama adhyAya prastAvanA jaina kalA evaM pratimAvijJAna para paryApta sAmagrI sulabha hai / lekina abhI taka isa viSaya para apekSita vistAra se kArya nahIM huA hai / isI dRSTi se prastuta grantha meM mukhyataH uttara bhArata meM jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vistRta adhyayana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se grantha meM yathAsaMbhava dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina pratimavijJAna kI bho sthAnasthAna para carcA kI gaI hai| uttara bhArata se tAtparya vindhyaparvata zreNiyoM ke uttara ke bhAratIya upamahAdvIpa ke kSetra se hai jo pazcima meM gujarAta evaM pUrva meM ur3IsA taka vistIrNa hai| jaina pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se uttara bhArata kA sampUrNa kSetra kinhIM vizeSatAoM ke sandarbha meM eka sUtra meM ba~dhA hai, aura jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa ko prArambhika aura paravartI avasthAoM tathA unameM hone vAle parivartanoM kI dRSTi se yaha kSetra mahatvapUrNa bhI hai| jaina dharma kI dRSTi se bhI isakA mahatva hai| isI kSetra meM vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke sabhI caubIsa jinoM ne janma liyA, yahI unakI kArya-sthalI thI, tathA yahIM unhoMne nirvANa bhI prApta kiyaa| sambhavataH isI kAraNa prArambhika jaina graMthoM kI racanA evaM kalAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM kA mukhya kSetra bhI uttara bhArata hI rahA hai| jaina AgamoM kA prArambhika saMkalana evaM lekhana yahIM huA tathA pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa prArambhika grantha kalpasUtra, paumacariya, aMgavijjA, vasudevahiNDI, Avazyaka niyukti Adi bhI isI kSetra meM likhe gaye / pratimA lakSaNoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI uttara bhArata kA vividhatApUrNa agragAmI yogadAna hai / isa vikAsa ke tIna sandarbha haiM : pAramparika, apAramparika aura anya dharmoM kI kalA paramparAoM kA prabhAva / jaina pratimAvijJAna ke pAramparika vikAsa kA hara caraNa sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM parilakSita hotA hai| jaina kalA kA udaya bhI isI kSetra meM haa| mahAvIra kI jIvantasvAmI mUrti isI kSetra se milI hai, jisake nirmANa kI paramparA sAhityika sAkSyoM ke anusAra mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla (chaThI zatI I0pU0) se hI thii| prArambhika jina mUrtiyA~ lohAnIpUra (paTanA) evaM causA ( bhojapura ) se milI haiN| mathurA meM zuMga-kuSANa yuga meM pracura saMkhyA meM jaina mUrtiyA~ nirmita huii| RSabha kI laTakatI jaTA, pArzva ke sAta sarpaphaNa, jinoM ke vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna aura zIrSa bhAga meM uSNISa evaM jina mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM aura dhyAnamudrA ke pradarzana kI paramparA mathurA meM hI prArambha huii| jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA citraNa bhI sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM prArambha huaa| jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM, vidyAoM, 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM, 14 yA 16 mAMgalika svapnoM, bharata, bAhubalI, sarasvatI, kSetrapAla, 24 jinoM ke 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'e yUnIka jaina imeja oNva jIvantasvAmI', ja0o0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, pR0 72-79 2 dakSiNa bhArata kI jina martiyoM meM uSNISa nahIM pradarzita haiN| zrIvatsa cihna bhI vakSaHsthala ke madhya meM na hokara sAmAnyataH dAhinI ora utkIrNa hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI jina matiyoM meM zrIvatsa cihna kA abhAva bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| unnithana, ena0 jI0, 'reliksa oNva jainijama-AlatUra', ja0I0hi0, khaM0 44, bhAga 1, pR0 542; jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 556 3 siMhAsana, azokavRkSa, prabhAmaNDala, chatratrayI, devadundubhi, surapuSpa-vRSTi, cAmaradhara, divyadhvani / 4 mathurA ke AyAgapaToM para sarvaprathama dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna jina mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa huii| isake pUrva kI mUrtiyoM (lohAnIpura, causA) meM jina kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM /

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna mAtA-pitA, aSTa-dikpAloM, navagrahoM, evaM anya devoM ke pratimA nirUpaNa se sambandhita ullekha aura unakI padArthaMgata abhivyakti bhI sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM huI / " uttara bhArata kA kSetra paramparA - viruddha aura paramparA meM aprApya prakAra ke citraNoM kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa thA / devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI jina mUrtiyA~, kucha jina mUrtiyoM meM paramparA sammata yakSa-yakSiyoM kI anupasthiti, 3 devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna aSTa- prAtihAryo evaM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana, devagar3ha kI tritorthI jina mUrtiyoM meM jinoM ke sAtha bAhubalI, sarasvatI evaM bharata cakravartI kA aMkana isa koTi ke kucha pramukha udAharaNa haiM / kucha sthaloM (jAlora evaM kumbhAriyA) kI mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI evaM ambikA yakSiyoM aura sarvAnubhUti yakSa ke mastaka para sarpaphaNa pradarzita haiM / kumbhAriyA, vimalavasahI, tAraMgA, lUNavasahI Adi zvetAmbara sthaloM para aise kaI devoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM jinake ullekha kisI jaina grantha meM nahIM prApta hote / 2 jaina zilpa meM ekarasatA ke parihAra ke lie, sthApatya ke vizAla AyAmoM ko tadanurUpa zilpagata vaividhya se saMyojita karane ke lie evaM anya dharmAvalambiyoM ko AkarSita karane ke lie anya sampradAyoM ke kucha devoM ko bhI vibhinna sthaloM para Akalita kiyA gayA / khajurAho kA pArzvanAtha jaina mandira isakA eka pramukha udAharaNa hai / mandira ke maNDovara parabrahmA, viSNu, ziva, rAma evaM balarAma Adi kI svatantra evaM zaktiyoM ke sAtha AliMgana mUrtiyA~ haiM / mathurA kI eka ambikA mUrti meM balarAma, kRSNa, kubera evaM gaNeza kA, mathurA evaM devagar3ha kI nemi mUrtiyoM meM balarAma-kRSNa kA, vimalavasahI kI eka rohiNI mUrti meM ziva aura gaNeza kA, osiyA kI devakulikAoM aura kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira para gaNeza kA, " vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI meM kRSNa ke jIvanadRzyoM kA evaM vimalavasahI meM SoDaza-bhuja narasiMha kA aMkana aise kucha anya udAharaNa haiM / jaTAmukuTa se zobhita vRSabhavAhanA devI kA nirUpaNa zvetAmbara sthaloM para vizeSa lokapriya thA / devI kI do oM meM sarpa evaM trizUla haiN| devI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa pUrNataH hindU zivA se prabhAvita hai / kucha zvetAmbara sthaloM para prajJapti mahAvidyA kI eka bhujA meM kukkuTa pradarzita hai, jo hindU kaumArI kA prabhAva hai / 7 kucha udAharaNoM meM gaurI mahAvidyA kA vAhana godhA ke sthAna para vRSabha hai / yaha hindU mAhezvarI kA prabhAva 1" rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (66.225, jI 312 ) kI do ambikA mUrtiyoM meM devI ke hAthoM meM darpaNa, trizUla -ghaNTA aura pustaka pradarzita haiM, jo umA aura zivA kA prabhAva hai / " 1 dakSiNa bhArata ke mUrti avazeSoM meM vidyAoM, 24 yakSiyoM, AyAgapaTa, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM haiM / 2 uttara bhArata meM hone vAle parivartanoM se dakSiNa bhArata ke kalAkAra aparicita the / 3 gujarAta - rAjasthAna kI jina mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM jo jaina paramparA meM nemi ke yakSa-yakSI haiM / RSabha evaM pArzva kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI bhI aMkita haiM / 4 bruna, klAja, 'di phigara oNva diTU loara rilIphsa oNna di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho', AcArya zrIvijayavallabha sUri smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 5 ullekhanIya hai ki gaNeza kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ sarvaprathama 1412 I0 ke jaina grantha AcAradinakara meM hI nirU jaina yugala evaM jinoM pita huiiN| 6 rAva, TI0 e0 gopInAtha, elimeNTsa oNva hindU AikanogrAphI, khaNDa 1, bhAga 2, vArANasI, 1971 (pu0 mu0 ), pR0 366 7 vahI, pR0 387-88 8 vahI, pR0 366, 387 9 vahI, pR0 360, 366, 387

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prastAvanA ] isa kSetra meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA ke grantha evaM mahatvapUrNa kalA kendra haiN| isa prakAra isa kSetra kI sAmagrI ke adhyayana se zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM ke hI pratimAvijJAna ke tulanAtmaka evaM kramika vikAsa kA nirUpaNa sambhava hai / isase unake ApasI sambandhoM para bhI prakAza par3a sakatA hai| isa kSetra meM eka ora uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla meM digambara sampradAya ke kalAvazeSa aura dUsarI ora gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM zvetAmbara kalAkendra svatantra rUpa se pallavita aura puSpita hue| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM digambara sampradAya kI bhI kalAkRtiyA~ milI haiM, jo donoM sampradAyoM ke sahaastitva kI sUcaka haiN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM harivaMzapurANa, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, pratiSThAsAroddhAra Adi kaI mahatvapUrNa digambara jaina granthoM kI bhI racanA huii| isa kSetra meM aise aneka samRddha jana kalA kendra bhI sthita haiM, jahA~ kaI zatAbdiyoM kI mUrti sampadA surakSita hai / inameM mathurA, causA, devagar3ha, rAjagira, akoTA, kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA, osiyA, vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI, jAlora, khajurAho evaM udayagiri-khaNDagiri ullekhanIya haiN| prastuta grantha kI samaya-sImA prArambhika kAla se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka hai| pUrvagAmI zodhakArya sarvaprathama kaniMghama kI riporTa sa meM uttara bhArata ke kaI sthaloM kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke ullekha milate haiN| ina riporTa sa meM gvAliyara, bUr3hI cAMderI, khajurAho evaM mathurA Adi kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke ullekha haiM / khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke vi0 saM0 1011 ( =954 I0 ) aura zAntinAtha mandira kI vizAla zAnti pratimA ke vi0 saM0 1085 ( =1028 I0 ) ke lekhoM kA ullekha sarvaprathama kaniMghama kI riporTa sa meM huA hai| kaniMghama ne RSabha, zAnti, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI kucha mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna bhI kI hai| prArambhika vidvAnoM ke kArya mukhyataH jaina pratimAvijJAna ke sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa aura prArambhika sthala kaMkAlI TIlA (mathurA) kI zilpa sAmagrI para haiM / yahA~ se la0 150 I0 pU0 se 1023 I0 ke madhya kI sAmagrI milI hai| kaMkAlI TIle kI jaina mUrtiyoM ko prakAza meM lAne aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita karAne kA zreya phyUrara ko hai| phyUrara ne prAvinziyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU ke 1889 evaM 1890-91 kI vArSika riporTa sa meM kaMkAlI TIlA kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / phyUrara ne hI sarvaprathama mUrti lekhoM ke AdhAra para mathurA kI jaina zilpa sAmagrI kI samaya-sImA 150 I0 pU0 se 1023 I. batAyI aura 150 I0 pU0 se bhI pahale mathurA meM eka jaina mandira kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha kiyaa| byUhalara ne mathurA kI kucha viziSTa jaina mUrtiyoM ke abhiprAyoM kI vidvattApUrNa vivecanA kI hai| inameM AyAgapaToM evaM mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa ke dRzya se sambandhita phalaka pramukha haiN| vyUhalara ne mathurA ke jaina abhilekhoM ko bhI prakAzita kiyA hai, jinase mathurA meM jaina dharma aura saMgha kI sthiti para prakAza par3atA hai aura yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki kisa sImA taka zAsaka varga, vyApArI, videzI evaM sAmAnya janoM kA jaina dharma evaM kalA ko samarthana milA / vI0 e0 smitha ne mathurA ke jaina stUpa aura anya sAmagrI para eka pustaka prakAzita kI hai, jisameM unhoMne sAhityika sAkSyoM ko vizvasanIya mAnate hae mathurA ke jaina stUpa ko bhArata kA prAcInatama sthApatyagata avazeSa mAnA hai| smitha ne jaina AyAgapaToM, viziSTa phalakoM evaM kucha 1 dakSiNa bhArata kI jaina mUrtikalA digambara sampradAya se sambaddha hai| 2 kaniMghama, e0, A0sa0I0ri0,1864-65, khaM0 2, pR0 362-65,401-04,412-14,431-35,1871-72, khaM0 3, pR0 19-20, 45-46 3 smitha, vI0 e0, vi jaina stUpa aiNDa avara eNTikviTIja oNva mathurA, vArANasI, 1969 (pu0 mu0), pR0 2-4 4 vahI, pR03 5 byUhalara, jI0, 'spesimensa oNva jaina skalpacarsa phrAma mathurA', epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 311-23 6 vyUhalara, jI0, 'nyU jaina inskripzansa phrAma mathurA', epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 1, pR0 371, 93; 'phardara jaina inskripzansa phrAma mathurA', epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 1, pR0 393-97; khaM0 2, pR0 195-212 7 smitha, vI0 e0, pU0 ni0, pR0 12-13

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna jina mUrtiyoM ke ullekha kiye haiM jinameM AyAgapaToM ke ullekha vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / inhoMne kucha jina mUrtiyoM kI mahAvIra se galata pahacAna kI hai / smitha ne siMhAsana ke sUcaka sihoM ko mahAvIra kA siMha lAMchana mAna liyA hai|' DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara pahale bhAratIya vidvAn haiM jinhoMne jaina pratimAvijJAna para kucha kArya kiyA hai| osiyAre ke mandiroM para likhe lekha meM usa sthala ke jaina mandira kA bhI ullekha hai| do anya lekhoM meM bhaNDArakara AdhAra para munisuvrata ke jIvana kI do mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM (azvAvabodha aura zakunikA vihAra) kA citraNa karanevAle paTTa evaM jina-samavasaraNa kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| e0 ke0 kumArasvAmI ne jaina kalA para eka lekha likhA hai, jisameM jaina kalpasUtra ke kucha citroM ke vivaraNa bhI haiN| yakSoM para likhI pustaka meM kumArasvAmI ne saMkSepa meM jaina dharma meM bhI yakSa pUjA ke prArambhika svarUpa kI vivecanA kI hai| yaha adhyayana jaina dharma meM yakSa pUjA kI prAcInatA aura usake prArambhika svarUpa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| epha0 kIlahAna aura ena0 sI0 mehatA ne kramazaH nemi aura ajita kI videzI saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita mUrtiyoM para lekha likhe haiN| jaina kalA para Ara0 pI0 candA ke bhI kucha mahatvapUrNa kArya haiN| inameM pahalA rAjagira ke jaina kalAvazeSa se sambandhita hai / lekha meM nemi kI eka lAMchanayukta guptakAlIna mUrti kA ullekha hai / yaha mUrti lAMchanayukta prAcInatama jina mUrti hai| eka anya lekha meM mohanajodar3o kI muharoM aura har3appA kI eka nagna mUrtikA ke utkIrNana meM prApta mudrA (jo kAyotsarga ke samAna hai) ke AdhAra para saiMdhava sabhyatA meM jaina dharma kI vidyamAnatA kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI gaI hai| yaha sambhAvanA kAyotsarga-mudrA ke kevala jaina dharma aura kalA meM hI prApta hone kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| caMdA kI briTiza saMgrahAlaya kI mUrtiyoM para prakAzita pustaka meM saMgrahAlaya kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| inameM ur3IsA se milI kucha jaina mUrtiyA~ mahatvapUrNa haiN| eca0 ema0 jAnasana ne eka lekha meM triSaSTizalAphApuruSacaritra ke AdhAra para 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|11 muhammada hamIda kurezI ne bihAra aura ur3IsA ke prAcIna vAstu avazeSoM para eka pustaka likhI hai / 12 isameM ur3IsA kI udagiri-khaNDagiri jaina guphAoM kI sAmagrI kA vistRta vivaraNa hai| jaina mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM kI jina evaM yakSI mUrtiyoM ke vivaraNa vizeSa mahatva ke haiM / 1 vahI, pR0 49, 51-52 2 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, 'di Tempalsa oNva osiyA', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1908-09, pR0 100-15 3 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1905-06, pR0 141-49; iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 40, pR0 125-30 4 kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0, 'noTsa oNna jaina ArTa', jarnala oNva di iNDiyana ArTa aiNDa iNDasTrI, khaM0 16, aM0 120, pR0 81-97 5 kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0, yakSaja, dillI, 1971 (pu0 mu0) 6 kIlahAna, epha0, 'oNna e jaina sTaicU ina di hAnimana myUjiyama', ja0rA0e0so0, 1898, pR0101-02 7 mehatA, ena0 sI0, 'e meDivala jaina imeja oNva ajitanAtha-1053 e0 DI0', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 56, pR0 72-74 8 caMdA. Ara0 pI0, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0I0ai0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 121-27 9 caMdA, Ara0 pI0, 'sindha phAiva thAUjaNDa iyarsa ego', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 52, aM0 2, pR0 151-60 10 caMdA, Ara0 pI0, meDibala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, lAdana, 1936 11 jAnasana, eca0 ema0, 'zvetAmbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 56, pR0 23-26 12 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, lisTa oNva ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di prAvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA, kalakattA, 1931

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prastAvanA ] TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana ne tirUparuttikuNarama (tamilanADu) ke mandiroM para eka pustaka likhI hai / isa pustaka meM usa sthala kI jaina sAmagrI ke vistRta ullekha haiM aura sAtha hI jaina devakula aura pratimAvijJAna ke vibhinna pakSoM kI vivecanA bhI kI gaI hai / ullekhanIya hai ki rAmacandrana ke pUrva ke sabhI kArya kisI sthala vizeSa kI jaina mUrti sAmagrI, svatantra jina mUrtiyoM evaM jaina pratimAvijJAna ke kisI pakSa vizeSa ke adhyayana se sambandhita haiM / sarvaprathama rAmacandrana ne hI samagra dRSTi se jaina pratimA vijJAna para kArya kiyA / isa grantha ke lekhana meM mukhyataH dakSiNa bhArata ke granthoM evaM mUrti avazeSoM se sahAyatA lI gaI hai | ataH dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa grantha kA vizeSa mahatva hai / grantha meM jinoM evaM anya zalAkA-puruSoM, 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM evaM anya devoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM ke ullekha / lekina vidyAoM evam jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI koI carcA nahIM hai / rAmacandrana kI eka anya pustaka meM uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke kucha pramukha jaina sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM ke ullekha haiM / prArambha meM jaina pratimAvijJAna kA saMkSipta paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai, jisameM jaina devakula para hindU devakula ke prabhAva kI carcA se sambandhita aMza vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / eka lekha meM rAmacandrana ne mohanajodar3o kI muharoM evaM har3appA kI mUrti kI nagnatA evaM khar3e hone kI mudrA (kAyotsarga ke samAna) ke AdhAra para saindhava sabhyatA meM jaina dharma evaM jina mUrti kI vidyamAnatA kI sambhAvanA vyakta kI hai / unhoMne saindhava sabhyatA meM prathama jina RSabhanAtha kI vidyamAnatA svIkAra kI hai, jo aitihAsika pramANoM ke abhAva meM svIkArya nahIM hai / * DablyU 0 nArmana brAuna ne jaina kalpasUtra ke citroM para eka pustaka likhI hai / " ke0 pI0 jaina aura triveNI prasAda jina pratimAvijJAna para saMkSipta kintu mahatvapUrNa lekha likhe haiM / inameM jina mUrtiyoM se sambandhita sabhI mahatvapUrNa pakSoM, yathA mudrAoM, aSTa-prAtihAryo, zrIvatsa Adi kI sAhityika sAmagrI ke AdhAra para vivecanA kI gaI hai| ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla" evaM e0 banarjI - zAstrI' ne lohAnIpura kI jina mUrti para lekha likhe haiM / ina logoM ne vibhinna pramANoM ke AdhAra para lohAnIpura jina mUrti kA samaya mauryakAla mAnA hai / Aja sabhI vidvAn ise prAcInatama jina mUrti mAnate haiM / bI0 bhaTTAcArya ne jaina pratimAvijJAna para eka saMkSipta lekha likhA hai, jisameM jaina devakula kI vibhinna deviyoM kI sUcI vizeSa mahatva kI hai| " TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana ke bAda jaina pratimAvijJAna para dUsarA mahatvapUrNa kArya bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya kA hai, jinhoMne jaina pratimAvijJAna para eka pustaka likhI hai / " bhaTTAcArya ne grantha meM kevala uttara bhArata kI srota sAmagrI kA upayoga 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena, tirUparuttikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa, bu0ma0ga0myu0, nyU0 si0, khaM0 1, bhAga 3, madrAsa, 1934 2 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, jaina mAnyumeNTsa eNDa pleseja oNva pharsTa klAsa impArTensa, kalakattA, 1944 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, 'har3appA aiNDa jainijama', ( hindI anuvAda), anekAnta, varSa 14 janavarI 1957, pR0 157-61 4 brAuna, DablyU0 ena, e DeskripTiva aiNDa ilasTreTeDa keTalaoNga oNva miniyecara peNTigsa oNva di jaina kalpasUtra, vAziMgaTana, 1934 5 jaina, kAmatAprasAda, 'jaina mUrtiyA~', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 2, aM0 1, pR0 6-17 6 prasAda, triveNI, 'jaina pratimA- vidhAna', jaina eNTi 0, khaM0 4, aM0 1, pR0 16-23 7 jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0, 'jaina imeja oNva mIrya piriyaDa', ja0bi0 u0ri0so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1, pR0 130-32 8 banarjI - zAstrI, e0, 'mauryana skalpacarsa phrAma lohAnIpura, paTanA', ja0bi0u0ri0sI0, khaM0 26, bhAga 2, pR0 120-24 9 bhaTTAcArya, bI0, 'jaina AikanogrAphI', jainAcArya zrIAtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1936, pR0 114-21 10 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939 //

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna kiyA hai / lekhaka ne 24 jinoM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM ke sAtha hI 16 vidyAoM, sarasvatI, aSTa-dikpAloM, navagrahoM evaM jaina devakula ke anya devoM ke pratimA lakSaNoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai / sarvaprathama unhoMne hI uttara bhArata ke kaI mahatvapUrNa zvetAmbara evaM digambara lAkSaNika granthoM tathA mathurA kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai / kintu pustaka meM mathurA ke atirikta anya sthaloM se prApta purAtAtvika sAmagrI kA upayoga nagaNya hai, ataH isa purAtAtvika sAkSya ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA bhI abhAva hai / bhaTTAcArya ne jainetara evaM prArambhika jaina granthoM kA bhI upayoga nahI kiyA hai / pustaka meM jaina dharma ke pracalita pratIkoM, samavasaraNa, bAhubalI, bharata cakravartI, brahmazAnti yakSa, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra evaM kucha anya viSayoM kI carcA hI nahIM hai / gupta yuga meM yakSa-yakSiyoM ke citraNa kI niyamitatA, yakSiyoM ke svarUpa nirdhAraNa ke bAda vidyAoM kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa, kalpasUtra meM jina - lAMchanoM kA ullekha evaM mathurA kI guptakAlIna jana mUrtiyoM meM jinoM ke lAMchanoM kA pradarzana - ye bhaTTAcArya kI kucha aisI sthApanAe~ haiM jo sAhityika aura purAtAtvika pramANoM ke pariprekSya meM svIkArya nahIM haiM / jaina pratimAvijJAna para aba taka kA sabase mahatvapUrNa grantha hone ke bAda bhI uparyukta kAraNoM se isakI upayogitA sImita hai / eca0 DI0 saMkaliyA ne jaina pratimAvijJAna evaM sambandhita pakSoM para kaI lekha likhe haiM / inameM 'jaina AikAnogrAphI' zIrSaka lekha vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM prArambha meM jaina devakula ke sadasyoM kA pratimA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, taduparAnta bambaI ke seNTa jeviyara saMgrahAlaya kI jaina dhAtu mUrtiyoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai / saMkaliyA ke anya mahatvapUrNa lekha jaina yakSa-yakSiyoM, devagar3ha ke jaina avazeSoM evaM gujarAta-kAThiyAvAr3a kI prArambhika jaina mUrtiyoM se sambandhita haiM / inameM vibhinna sthaloM kI jaina mUrti sAmagrI kA ullekha hai / kAThiyAvAr3a kI dhAMka guphA ko digambara jaina mUrtiyA~ yakSa-yakSI yugaloM yukta prArambhika jina mUrtiyA~ haiM / se jaina pratimAvijJAna para sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa kArya yU0 pI0 zAha ne kiyA hai / pichale 30 varSoM se adhika samaya se ve mukhyataH jaina pratimAvijJAna para hI kArya kara rahe haiN| zAha ne prArambhika jaina granthoM aura vibhinna purAtAtvika sthaloM kI sAmagrI evaM uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina granthoM aura zilpa sAmagrI kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai| aba taka kA unakA adhyayana unakI do pustakoM evaM 30 se adhika lekhoM meM prakAzita haiN| unakI pahalI pustaka 'sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa' meM jaina kalA meM pracalita pramukha pratIkoM, yathA aSTamAMgalika cihnoM, samavasaraNa, mAMgalika svapnoM, stUpa, caityavRkSa, AyAgapaToM, ke vikAsa kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai|' sAtha hI prArambha meM uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA saMkSipta sarvekSaNa bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai / dUsarI pustaka 'akoTA bronjeja' meM unhoMne akoTA se prApta jaina kAMsya mUrtiyoM (lagabhaga 5vIM se 11vIM zatI I0) kA vivaraNa diyA hai / " akoTA kI mUrtiyA~ prArambhikatama zvetAmbara jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM / jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra evaM yakSayakSI se yukta jina mUrti ke prArambhikatama udAharaNa mI akoTA se hI mile haiN| jaina pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se ina mUrtiyoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai / 1 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', nyU iNDiyana enTikverI, khaM0 2 1939-40, pR0 497-520 2 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', bu0Da0kA0ri0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 2-4, pR0 157-68; 'jaina mAnyumeNTsa phrAma devagar3ha', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 9, 1941, pR0 97 - 104, 'di, aliesTa jaina skalpacarsa ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0so0 julAI 1938, pR0 426-30 3 jaina pratimAvijJAna para zAha kA zodha prabandha bhI hai, kintu aprakAzita hone ke kAraNa hama usase lAbha nahIM uThA sake / 4 zAha, yU0 pI0, sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, banArasa, 1955 5 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959

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prastAvanA ] vibhinna jaina devoM ke pratimA lakSaNa para likhe zAha ke kucha pramukha lekha ambikA, sarasvatI, 16 mahAvidyAoM, harinagameSin, brahmazAnti, karpAdda yakSa, cakrezvarI evaM siddhAyikA se sambandhita haiM / ' ina lekhoM meM zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM evaM padArthaMgata abhivyakti ke AdhAra para devoM kI pratimA lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ nirUpita haiN| zAha ne vibhinna devoM kI mUrti ke vaijJAnika vikAsa kA adhyayana kAla aura kSetra ke pariprekSya meM karane ke sthAna para sAmAnyataH bhujAoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para devoM ko vargIkRta karake kiyA hai / aise adhyayana se vAstavika vikAsa kA Akalana sambhava nahIM hai / zAha ne jaina pratimAvijJAna ke kucha dUsare mahatvapUrNa pakSoM para bhI lekha likhe haiM, jinameM jIvantasvAmI kI mUrti, prArambhika jaina sAhitya meM yakSa pUjana, jaina dharma meM zAsanadevatAoM ke pUjana kA AvirbhAva evaM jaina pratimAvijJAna kA prArambha pramukha haiM / jIvantasvAmI viSayaka lekhoM meM jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra mUrti kI sAhityika paramparA kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai, aura akoTA kI guptakAlIna jIvantasvAmI mUrti ke AdhAra para sAhityika sAkSyoM kI vizvasanIyatA pramANita kI gaI hai / yakSa pUjana aura zAsanadevatAoM se sambandhita lekha yakSa-yakSI pUjana kI prAcInatA, unake mUrta aMkana evaM 24 yakSayakSa yugaloM kI dhAraNA evaM unake vikAsa aura svarUpa nirUpaNa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / 7 jaina pratimAvijJAna se sambandhita sabhI mahatvapUrNa pakSoM kI vivecanA meM sAhityika sAkSyoM ke yatheSTa upayoga aura vizleSaNa meM zAha ne niyamitatA baratI hai / prArambhika evaM madhyayugIna pratimA lAkSaNika granthoM ke samucita evaM suvyavasthita upayoga kA unakA prayAsa prazaMsanIya hai / jaina pratimAvijJAna ke kaI viSayoM para unakI sthApanAe~ mahatvapUrNa haiM / unhoMne hI pratipAdita kiyA ki mahAvidyAoM kI kalpanA yakSa-yakSiyoM kI apekSA prAcIna hai aura unake mUrtivijJAnaparaka tatva bhI yakSayakSiyoM se pUrva hI nirdhArita hue / yakSa pUjA I0 pU0 meM bho lokapriya thI aura mANibhadra - pUrNabhadra yakSa evaM bahuputrikA yakSI sarvAdhika lokapriya the| inhIM se kAlAntara meM jaina devakula ke prArambhika yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti ( kubera yA mAtaMga) aura afront forsita hue / gupta yuga meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa aura ambikA yakSI kA prathama nirUpaNa evaM AThavIM navIM zatI I0 taka 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI kalpanA unakI anya mahatvapUrNa sthApanAe~ haiM / jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, brahmazAnti yakSa, karpA yakSa evaM anya kaI mahatvapUrNa viSayoM para sarvaprathama zAha ne hI kucha likhA hai / jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana meM zAha kA nizcita hI sarvapramukha yogadAna hai / kintu vibhinna sthaloM kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke upayoga meM unhoMne apekSita niyamitatA nahIM baratI hai| unhoMne sAmagrI ke prAptisthala ke sambandha meM vistRta sandarbha prAyaH nahIM diye haiM, jisase sAmagrI kA punarparIkSaNa duHsAdhya ho jAtA hai / kisI sthala ke kucha udAharaNoM kA ullekha karate hue bhI usI sthala ke dUsare udAharaNoM kA ve vivecana nahIM krte| isakA kAraNa sambhavataH yaha hai ki ina sthaloM kI sampUrNa mUrti sampadA kA unhoMne adhyayana nahIM kiyA hai| osiyA, kuMbhAriyA, devagar3ha, khajurAho jaise mahatvapUrNa sthaloM 1 1 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikanogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA', ja0yU0 bAM0, khaM0 9, pR0 147 - 69; 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa sarasvatI', ja0yU0 bAM0, khaM0 10 (nyU sirIja), pR0 195 - 218; 'AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0iM0so0o0A0, khaM0 15, 1947, pR0 114 - 77; 'harirnaMgameSin', ja0 iM0so 0o0A0, khaM0 19, 1952-53, pR0 19-41; 'brahmazAnti aiNDa kapadda yakSaja', ja0ema0esa0yU0ba0, khaM0 7, aM0 1, pR0 59-72; 'AikanogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0iM0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, pR0 280-311; ' yakSiNI oNva di TvenTIphorthaM jina mahAvIra', ja0o0I0 khaM0 22, aM0 1 - 2, pR0 70-78 2 zAha yU0 pI0, 'e yUnIka jaina imeja oNva jIvantasvAmI', ja0o0 iM0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, pR0 72 - 79; 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0I0, khaM0 3, aM0 1, pR0 54-71 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', pro0TrAM0o0kAM0, 20 vA~ adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, pR0 141-52; 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 1 - 14

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna kI mUrti sAmagrI kA nahIM ke barAbara upayoga kiyA gayA hai| ataH bahuta sI mahatvapUrNa jAnakAriyA~ unake lekhoM meM samAviSTa nahIM ho sakI haiM / unake mahAvidyA sambandhita lekha meM kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika aMkana kA ullekha nahIM hai, jo mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA prArambhikatama udAharaNa hai / isI prakAra jIvantasvAmI mUrti viSayaka lekha meM osiyA kI viziSTa jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM kA bhI koI ullekha nahIM hai / osiyA kI jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM meM anyatra durlabha kucha vizeSatAe~ pradarzita haiM / jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna ina jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihArya, yakSa - yakSI evaM mahAvidyA nirUpita haiM / zAha ke mUrta udAharaNa mukhyataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAta ke mandiroM se hI liye gaye haiN| zAha ne sAhityika sAkSyoM aura purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM sthAna evaM kAla kI dRSTi se krama saMgati evaM sAmaJjasya para bhI satarka dRSTi nahIM rakhI hai / ke 0 DI0 vAjapeyI ne mathurA kI jaina mUrtiyoM para kucha lekha likhe jinameM kuSANakAlIna sarasvatI mUrti se sambandhita lekha vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai, kyoMki jaina zilpa meM sarasvatI kI yaha prAcInatama mUrti hai / eka anya lekha meM vAjapeyI ne madhyapradeza ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA saMkSepa meM sarvekSaNa kiyA hai| vI0 esa0 agravAla ne bhI jaina kalA para paryApta kArya kiyA hai, jo mukhyataH mathurA ke jaina zilpa se sambandhita hai / unhoMne mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI jaina mUrtiyoM kI sUcI prakAzita kI hai, jo prArambhika jaina mUrtivijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI hai / isake atirikta AyAgapaToM evaM naigameSI para bhI unake mahatvapUrNa lekha haiM / eka anya lekha meM unhoMne lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya ke eka paTTa kI dRzyAvalI kI pahacAna mahAvIra ke janma se kI hai / " adhikAMza vidvAn dRzyAvalI ko RSabha ke jIvana se sambandhita karate haiM / je0 I0 vAna lyUje De- lyU kI 'sIthiyana piriyaDa' pustaka meM kuSANakAlIna jina evaM buddha mUrtiyoM ke samAna mUrtivaijJAnika tatvoM kI vyAkhyA, unake mUla srota evaM isa dRSTi se eka ke dUsare para prabhAva kI vivecanA kI gayI hai / isa adhyayanase yaha sthApita kiyA gayA hai ki prArambhika sthiti meM koI bhI kalA sAmpradAyika nahIM hotI, viSaya vastu avazya hI vibhinna sampradAyoM se alaga-alaga prApta kiye jAte haiM, kintu unake mUrta aMkana meM prayukta vibhinna tatvoM kA mUla srota vastutaH eka hotA hai / debalA mitrA ne do mahatvapUrNa lekha likhe haiM / eka lekha meM bAMkur3A (baMgAla) se milI prAcIna jaina mUrtiyoM kA ullekha hai / " dUsarA lekha khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) kI bArabhujI aura navamuni guphAoM kI yakSI mUrtiyoM se sambandhita hai / ' lekhikA ne bArabhujI guphA kI 24 evaM navamuni guphA ko 7 yakSI mUrtiyoM kA vistRta vivaraNa dete hue digambara granthoM ke AdhAra para yakSiyoM kI pahacAna tathA sambhAvita hindU prabhAva ke Akalana kA prayAsa kiyA hai / 1 vAjapeyI, ke 0 DI0, 'jaina imeja oNva sarasvatI ina di lakhanaU myUjiyama', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 11, aM0 2, pR0 1-4 2 vAjapeyI, ke 0 DI0, 'madhyapradeza kI prAcIna jaina kalA', anekAnta, varSa 17, aM0 3, pR0 98-99; varSa 28, 1975, pR0 115-16, 120 3 agravAla, vI0 esa0 keTalAga oNva di mathurA myUjiyama, bhAga 3, ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 23, pR0 35 147 4 agravAla, vI0 esa0, 'mathurA AyAgapaTaja', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 16, bhAga 1, pR0 58- 61; 'e noTa Ana di gADa naigameSa', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 20, bhAga 1 -2, 1947, 50 68-73 5 agravAla, vI0 esa0 'di neTiviTI sIna oNna e jaina rilIpha phrAma mathurA, jaina eNTi0, khaM0 10, pR0 1-4 " 6 lyU je-De-lyU, je0 I0 vAna, di sIthiyana piriyaDa, liDena, 1949, pR0 145-222 7 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0so0baM0, khaM0 24, aM0 2, pR0 131-34 8 mitrA, devalA, 'zAsana devIja ina di khaNDagiri kensa', ja0e0sI0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 127-33

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prastAvanA ] Ara0 sI0 agravAla ne jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vibhinna pakSoM para kaI lekha likhe haiN| inameM jaina devI saccikA ke pratimA lakSaNa se sambandhita lekha mahatvapUrNa hai|' lekha meM saccikA devI para hindU mahiSamardinI kA prabhAva Akalita kiyA gayA hai| eka anya mahatvapUrNa lekha meM agravAla ne vidizA kI tIna guptakAlIna jina mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| do mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM meM kramaza: puSpadanta evaM candraprabha ke nAma haiN| ye mUrtiyAM guptakAla meM kuSANakAla kI mUrti lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paramparA kI anavaratatA kI sAkSI haiN| kucha anya lekhoM meM agravAla ne rAjasthAna ke vibhinna sthaloM kI kubera, ambikA evaM jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra mUrtiyoM ke ullekha kiye haiN| klAja bruna ne jaina zilpa para cAra lekha evaM eka pustaka likhI hai / eka lekha khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI bAhya bhitti kI mUrtiyoM se sambandhita hai| lekha meM bhitti kI mUrtiyoM para hindU prabhAva kI sImA nirdhArita karane kA sarAhanIya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| para kinhIM mUrtiyoM ke pahacAna meM lekhaka ne kucha bhUleM kI haiM, jaise uttara mitti kI rAmasItA mUrti ko kumAra kI mUrti se pahacAnA gayA hai| eka lekha mahAvIra ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita hai| do anya meM brana ne dudahI evaM cA~dapura kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bruna kA sabase mahatvapUrNa kArya devagar3ha kI jina mUrtiyoM para unako pustaka hai| bruna ne devagar3ha kI jina mUrtiyoM ko kaI vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, para yaha vibhAjana pratimA lAkSaNika AdhAra para nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jisakI vajaha se devagar3ha kI jina mUrtiyoM ke pratimA lAkSaNika adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha pustaka bahuta upayogI nahIM hai / jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM, aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke mahatva ko nahIM Akalita kiyA gayA hai| jina mUrtiyoM ke kucha viziSTa prakAroM (dvitIrthI, tritIrthI, caumukha) evaM bAhubalI, bharata cakravartI, kSetrapAla, kubera, sarasvatI Adi kI mUrtiyoM ke bhI ullekha nahIM haiN| pustaka meM mandira 12 kI bhitti kI 24 yakSI mUrtiyoM ke vistRta ullekha haiM, jo jaina mUrtivijJAna ke adhyayana ko dRSTi se pustaka ko sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI hai / bruna ne ina yakSiyo meM se kucha para zvetAmbara mahAvidyAoM ke prabhAva ko bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| uparyukta mahatvapUrNa kAryoM ke atirikta 1945 se 1979 ke madhya anya kaI vidvAnoM ne bhI jaina pratimAvijJAna yA sambandhita pakSoM para vibhinna lekha likhe haiN| inameM vibhinna purAtAtvika sthaloM evaM saMgrahAlayoM se sambandhita lekha bhI haiN| 1 agravAla, Ara0sI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa saccikA', jaina eNTi0, khaM021, aM0 1, pR0 13-20 2 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, 'nyUlI DiskavarDa skalpacarsa phrAma vidizA', ja0o0I0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, pR0 252-53 3 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, sama iNTaresTiga skalpacarsa oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA phrAma mAravAr3a', iMhi0kvA0, khaM032, aM04, pR0 434-38; sama inTaresTiMga skalpacarsa oNva yakSaja aiNDa kubera phAma rAjasthAna', iMhi0kvA0. khaM0 33, aM03, pR0 200-07; 'aina imeja oNva jIvantasvAmI phrAma rAjasthAna', a0lA0ba0. khaM0 22. bhAga 1-2, pR0 32-34; 'gADesa ambikA ina di skalpacarsa oNva rAjasthAna', kvAjamiso0, khaM049, aM02. pR0 87-91 4 bruna, klAja, 'di phigara oNva di TU loara rilIphsa oNna di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho', AcArya zrIvijaya vallabha sUri smAraka grantha, bambaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 5 bruna, klAja, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di lAsTa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra', jainayuga, varSa 1, apraila 1958, pR0 36-37 6 brana, klAja, 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhyadeza : dudahI', janayuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 29-33: 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhyadeza : cA~dapura', jainayuga, varSa 2, apraila 1959, pR0 67-70 7 bruna, klAja, di jina imejeja oNva devagar3ha, liDena, 1969

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10 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna inameM brajendranAtha zarmA', madhusUdana DhAkI', kRSNadeva evaM bAlacandra jaina Adi mukhya haiM / bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA 'jaina kalA evaM sthApatya' zIrSaka se tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita grantha (1975) jaina kalA, sthApatya evaM pratimAvijJAna para aba taka kA sabase vistRta aura mahatvapUrNa kArya hai / * adhyayana-srota prastuta adhyayana meM tIna prakAra ke srotoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai--anugAmI, sAhityika aura purAtAtvika / anUgAmI srota ke rUpa meM Adhunika vidvAnoM dvArA jaina pratimAvijJAna para 1979 taka kiye gaye zodha kAryoM kA, jinakI Upara vivecanA kI gayI hai, samucita upayoga kiyA gayA hai| AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA kI ainuala riporTa sa, vesTarna sakila kI progresa riporTa sa evaM anya upalabdha prakAzanoM kA bhI yathAsambhava upayoga kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna saMgrahAlayoM kI jaina sAmagrI para prakAzita pustakoM evaM lekhoM se bhI pUrA lAbha uThAyA gayA hai| uttara bhArata ke jaina pratimAvijJAna se sIdhe sambandhita sAmagrI ke atirikta anugAmI srota ke rUpa meM anya kaI prakAra kI sAmagrI kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai jo Adhunika grantha evaM lekha sucI meM ullikhita haiM / jaina dharma, sAhitya aura devakula ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se jaina dharma kI mahatvapUrNa pustakoM evaM lekhoM se lAbha uThAyA gayA hai| tithi evaM kucha anya vivaraNoM kI dRSTi se sthApatya se sambandhita; jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa meM rAjanItika, sAMskRtika evaM Arthika pRSThabhUmi ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhAratIya itihAsa se sambandhita evaM dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina pratimAvijJAna se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina mUrtivijJAna se sambandhita mahatvapUrNa granthoM evaM lekhoM se bhI AvazyakatAnusAra sahAyatA lI gayI hai / isI prakAra hindU evaM bauddha pratimAvijJAna se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se hindU evaM bauddha mUrti vijJAna para likhI pustakoM kA bhI samucita upayoga kiyA gayA hai| mUla srota ke rUpa meM yathAsambhava sabhI upalabdha sAhityika granthoM ke samucita upayoga kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| sampUrNa sAhityika granthoM ko suvidhAnusAra hama cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiN| pahale varga meM aise prArambhika jaina grantha haiM, jinameM prasaMgavaza pratimAvijJAna se sambandhita sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| jinoM, vidyAoM, yakSa-yakSiyoM evaM kucha anya devoM ke prArambhika svarUpa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ye grantha atIva mahatva ke haiN| prArambhika jaina kalA meM abhivyakti kI sAmagrI inhIM granthoM se prApta kI gii| isa varga meM mahAvIra ke samaya se sAtavIM zatI I0 taka ke grantha haiN| inameM Agama grantha, kalpasUtra, aMgavijjA paumacariyama, vasudevahiNDI, Avazyaka Ni, Avazyaka niyukti Adi pramukha haiN| . dusare varga meM la0 AThavIM se solahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke zvetAmbara aura digambara jaina grantha haiN| inameM mUrtivijJAna se sambandhita vistRta sAmagrI hai| ina granthoM meM 24 jinoM evaM anya zalAkA-puruSoM, 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, 16 mahAvidyAoM, sarasvatI, aSTa-dikpAloM, navagrahoM, gaNeza, kSetrapAla, zAMtidevI, brahmazAnti yakSa Adi ke lAkSaNika svarUpa nirUpita haiN| ina vyavasthApaka granthoM ke AdhAra para hI zilpa meM jaina devoM ko abhivyakti milii| zvetAmbara paramparA ke 1 zarmA, brajendranAtha, 'anpablizDa jaina bronjeja ina di nezanala myUjiyama', ja0o060, khaM0 19, aM0 3, pR0 275 78; jaina pratimAeM, dillI, 1979 2 DhAkI, madhusUdana, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', majai0vi0goju0vA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 290 347 3 kRSNa deva, 'di Tempalsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA', eMzi0I0, aM0 15, 1959, pR0 43-65'-;mAlA devI Tempala aiTa gyArasapura', pajai0vi0gojuvA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 260-69 4 jaina, bAlacandra, jaina pratimAvijJAna, jabalapura, 1974 / 5 boSa, amalAnanda (saMpAdaka), jaina kalA evaM sthApatya (3 khaNDa), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI, 1975

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prastAvanA mukhya grantha caturviMzatikA (bappabhaTTisUrikRta), catuvizati stotra (zobhanamunikRta), nirvANakalikA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, maMtrAdhirAjakalpa, caturvizatijina-caritra (yA padmAnanda mahAkAvya), pravacanasAroddhAra, AcAradinakara evaM vividhatIrthakalpa haiM / digambara paramparA ke pramukha grantha harivaMzapurANa, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, pratiSThAsAroddhAra aura pratiSThAtilakam haiN| tIsare varga meM jainetara pratimA lAkSaNika grantha haiN| aise granthoM meM hindU devakula ke sadasyoM ke sAtha hI jaina devakula ke sadasyoM kI bhI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ vivecita haiN| inameM aparAjitapRcchA, devatAtiprakaraNa aura rUpamaNDana mukhya haiN| cauthe varga meM dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina grantha haiM, jinakA upayoga tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| inameM mAnasAra aura TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana kI pustaka 'tirUparuttikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa' pramukha haiN| grantha kI tIsarI mahatvapUrNa srota sAmagrI purAtAtvika sthaloM kI jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM / purAtAtvika sAmagrI ke saMkalana hetu kucha mukhya jaina sthaloM kI yAtrA evaM vahA~ kI mUrti sampadA kA ekaikaza : vizada adhyayana bhI kiyA gayA hai| granthoM meM nirUpita vivaraNoM ke vastugata parIkSaNa kI dRSTi se purAtAtvika sthaloM kI sAmagrI kA vizeSa mahatva hai, kyoMki mUrta dharohara kalAtmaka evaM mUtivaijJAnika vRttiyoM ke spaTa sAkSI hote haiN| adhyayana kI dRSTi se sAmAnyata: aise sthaloM ko cunA gayA hai jahA~ kaI zatAbdI kI prabhUta mUrti sampadA surakSita hai| isa cayana meM zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke sthala sammilita haiN| jina sthaloM kI yAtrA kI gaI hai unameM adhikAMza aise haiM jinakI mUrti sampadA kA yA to adhyayana nahIM kiyA gayA hai, yA phira kucha vizeSa dRSTi se kiye gaye adhyayana kI upayogitA prastuta grantha kI dRSTi se sImita hai| inameM rAjasthAna meM osiyA, ghANerAva, sAdarI, nADola, nADalAI, jAlora, candrAvatI, vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI, aura gujarAta meM kuMbhAriyA evaM tAraMgA ke zvetAmbara sthala; tathA uttarapradeza meM devagar3ha evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU aura purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (jahA~ mathurA ke kaMkAlI Tole kI jaina mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiM) evaM madhyapradeza meM gyArasapUra aura khujarAho ke digambara sthala mukhya haiN| uttara bhArata ke kucha pramukha purAtAtvika saMgrahAlayoM kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA bhI vistRta adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki jahA~ kiso purAtAtvika sthala kI sAmagrI kAla evaM kSetra kI dRSTi se sImAbaddha hotI hai, vahIM saMgrahAlaya kI sAmagrI isa prakAra kA sImA se sarvathA mukta hotI hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA ke atirikta rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI, rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera, bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI evaM purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ke jaina saMgrahoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / kalpasUtra ke citroM para prakAzita kucha sAmagrI kA bhI upara hai| vibhinna purAtAtvika sthaloM evaM saMgrahAlayoM kI jaina mUrtiyoM ke prakAzita citroM ko bhI dRSTigata kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, dillI evaM amerikana insTiTyUTa AMva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI ke citra saMgrahoM se bhI AvazyakatAnusAra lAbha uThAyA gayA hai| kArya-praNAlI graMtha ke lekhana meM do dRSTiyoM se kArya kiyA gayA hai| prathama, sabhI prakAra ke sAkSyoM ke samanvaya evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA prayAsa hai| yaha dRSTi na kevala sAhityika aura purAtAtvika sAkSyoM ke madhya, varan do sAhityika yA kalA paramparAoM ke madhya bhI apanAyI gayI hai| dvitIya, granthoM evaM purAtAtvika sthaloM kI sAmagrI ke svatantra adhyayana meM unakA ekazaH, vizada aura samagra adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / samUcA adhyayana kSetra evaM kAla ke caukhaTa meM pratipAdita hai| Arambhika sthiti meM mUrta abhivyakti ke viSayavastu ke pratipAdana kI dRSTi se granthoM kA mahatva somita thA / granthoM se kevala viSayavastu yA devoM kI dhAraNA grahaNa kI jAtI thii| isa avasthA meM vibhinna sampradAyoM kI kalA ke madhya kSetra evaM kAla ke sandarbha meM paraspara AdAna-pradAna huaa| prArambhika jaina kalA ke adhyayana meM viSayavastu kI pahacAna hetu 1 lyUje-De-lyU, je0I0vAna, pU0ni0, pR0151-52

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12 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna prArambhika jaina granthoM se sahAyatA lI gaI hai aura sAtha hI mUrta aMkana meM samakAlIna evaM pUrvavartI sAhityika evaM kA paramparAoM ke prabhAva nirdhAraNa kA bhI yatna kiyA gayA hai / kuSANa zilpa meM RSabha evaM pArzva kI mUrtiyoM ke lakSaNoM aura RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzyoM kI viSaya sAmagrI granthoM se prApta kI gii| jina mUrti ke nirmANa kI prAcIna paramparA (latIsarI zatI I0pU0 ) hone ke bAda bhI mathurA meM zuMga-kuSANa yuga meM bauddha kalA ke samAna hI jaina kalA mI sarvaprathama pratIka rUpa meM abhivyakta huI / jaina AyAgapaToM ke stUpa, svastika, dharmacakra, triratna, padma, zrIvatsa Adi cihna pratIka pUjana kI lokapriyatA ke sAkSI haiM / mathurA kI prAcInatama jina mUrti bhI AyAgapaTa ( la0pahalI zatI I0pU0 ) 1 para hI utkIrNa hai / ina AyAgapaToM ke aSTamAMgalika cihna pUrvavartI sAhityika aura kalA paramparAoM se prabhAvita haiM, kyoMki jaina granthoM meM guptakAla se pahale aSTamAMgalika cihnoM kI sUcI nahIM milatI / sAtha hI jaina sUcI ke aSTamAMgalika cihnoM meM dharmacakra, padma, triratna ( yA tilakaratna), vaijayaMtI ( yA indrayaSTi) jaise pratIka sammilita nahIM haiM, jabaki AyAgapaToM para inakA bahulatA se aMkana huA hai / la0 AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya jaina devakula meM hue vikAsa ke kAraNa jaina devakula ke sadasyoM ke svatantra lAkSaNika svarUpa nirdhArita hue jisakI vajaha se sAhitya para kalA kI nirbharatA vibhinna devatAoM ke pahacAna aura unake mUrta citraNoM kI dRSTi se bar3ha gii| tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM isa bAta ke nirdhAraNa kA bhI yatna kiyA gayA hai ki vibhinna kSetroM aura kAloM meM kalAkAra kisa sImA taka granthoM ke nirdezoM kA nirvAha kara rahA thA / isa dRSTi ke kAraNa yaha nizcita kiyA jA sakA hai ki jahA~ granthoM meM 24 jinoM ke yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA nirUpaNa Avazyaka viSayavastu thA, vahIM zilpa meM sabhI yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ko svatantra abhivyakti nahIM milI / vibhinna sthaloM para kisa sImA taka jaina paramparA meM avarNita devoM ko abhivyakti pradAna kI gaI, isake nirdhAraNa kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / do yA kaI purAtAtvika sthaloM ke mUrti avazeSoM kI kSetrIya vRttiyoM aura samAna tatvoM kI dRSTi se tulanAtmaka parIkSA kI gaI hai / aise adhyayana ke kAraNa hI yaha nizcita kiyA jA sakA hai ki devagar3ha ke mandira 12 kI 24 yakSI mUrtiyoM meM se kucha para osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM kA prabhAva hai| yaha prabhAva vetAmbara sthala (osiyA) ke digambara sthala (devagar3ha ) para prabhAva kI dRSTi se aura bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / pratihAra zAsakoM ke samaya ke do kalA kendroM para viSayavastu evaM pratimA lAkSaNika vRttiyoM kI dRSTi se kSetrIya sandarbha meM prApta bhinnatAoM kA nirdhAraNa bhI tulanAtmaka adhyayana se hI ho sakA hai| osiyA ( rAjasthAna ) meM jahA~ mahAvidyAoM evaM jIvantasvAmI ko prAthamikatA dI gaI, vahIM devagar3ha ( uttara pradeza ) meM 24 yakSiyoM, bharata, bAhubalI evaM kSetrapAla Adi ko citrita kiyA gayA / yaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana hindU evaM bauddha sampradAyoM aura sAtha hI dakSiNa bhArata ke mUrtivaijJAnika tatvoM taka vistRta hai / jaina devakula ke 24 jinoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke svatantra mUrtivijJAna ke adhyayana meM sAhityika sAkSyoM evaM padArthagata abhivyaktiyoM ke AdhAra para, kAlakrama ke anusAra unake svarUpa meM hue kramika vikAsa kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / pratimA lAkSaNika vivecana meM, pahale saMkSepa meM jinoM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM kI samUhagata sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa hai / taduparAnta samUha ke pratyeka devI-devatA ke pratimA lakSaNa kI svatantra vivecanA kI gaI hai / sArAMzataH, kArya praNAlI ke lie kAla, kSetra, sAhitya evaM purAtatva ke bIca sAmaMjasya, vibhinna dharmoM kI sama kAlIna paramparAoM kA paraspara prabhAva, vikAsa ke krama meM honevAle pAraMparika aura apAramparika parivartana Adi tathyoM, vRttiyoM evaM AyAmoM ko AdhAra ke rUpa meM apanAyA gayA hai / 1 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je253; sTa0jai0A0, pR0 77-78 2 vistAra ke lie draSTavya, sTa0je0A0, pR0 109-12 3 jaina sUcI ke aSTamAMgalika cihna svastika, zrIvatsa, nandyAvarta, vardhamAnaka, bhadrAsana, kalaza, darpaNa aura matsya ( yA matsyayugma) haiM; aupapAtika sUtra 31; tri0za0pu0ca0, khaM0 1, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 51, bar3audA, 1931, pR0 112, 190

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dvitIya adhyAya rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika sthiti kisI bhI deza kI kalA evaM sthApatya kI niyAmaka hotI hai| kalAtmaka abhivyakti apanI viSaya-vastu evaM nirmANa-vidhA meM samAja kI dhAraNAoM evaM takanIkoM kA pratibimba prastuta karatI hai| ye dhAraNAeM evaM takanIkeM saMskRti kA aMga hotI haiM / bhAratIya kalA, sthApatya evaM pratimAvijJAna ke preraka evaM poSaka tatvoM ke rUpa meM bhI ina pakSoM kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| samartha pratibhAzAlI zAsakoM ke kAla meM kalA evaM sthApatya kI naI zailiyA~ astitva meM AtI haiM, purAnI navIna rUpa grahaNa karatI haiM tathA unakA dUsare kSetroM para prabhAva par3atA hai| rAjA kI dhArmika AsthA athavA abhiruci ne bhI dharma pradhAna bhAratIya kalA ke itihAsa ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhAratIya kalA logoM kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA hI mUrta rUpa rahI hai| samAja aura Arthika sthiti ne bhI vibhinna meM bhAratIya kalA evaM sthApatya kI dhArA ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| eka nizcita artha evaM uddezya se yukta samasta bhAratIya kalA pUrva paramparAoM ke nizcita nirvAha ke sAtha hI sAtha dharma evaM sAmAjika dhAraNAoM meM hae parivartanoM se bhI sadaiva prabhAvita hotI rahI hai| bhAratIya kalA dhArmika evaM sAmAjika AvazyakatA kI pUrti rahI hai / anUkUla Arthika paristhitiyoM meM hI kalA kI abAdha abhivyakti aura phalataH usakA samyaka vikAsa sambhava hotA hai| yajamAna evaM kalAkAra ke ahaM evaM kalpanA kI sAkAratA kalAkAra kI kSamatA se pUrva yajamAna ke Arthika sAmarthya para nirbhara karatI hai, yajamAna cAhe rAjA ho yA sAdhAraNa jana / bhAratIya kalA ko rAjA se adhika sAmAnya logoM se prazraya milA hai| yaha tathya jaina kalA, sthApatya evaM pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa ke sandarbha meM vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| upayaMkta sandarbha meM isa adhyAya meM jaina mUrti nirmANa evaM pratimAvijJAna kI rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kA aitihAsika vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isameM vibhinna samayoM meM jaina dharma evaM kalA ko prApta honevAle rAjakIya evaM rAjetara logoM ke saMrakSaNa, prazraya athavA protsAhana kA itihAsa vivecita hai| kAla aura kSetra ke sandarbha meM dhArmika evaM Arthika sthitiyoM meM hone vAle vikAsa yA parivartanoM ko samajhane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, jisase samaya-samaya para ubharI una navIna sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM kA saMketa milatA hai, jinhoMne samakAlIna jaina kalA aura pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa ko prabhAvita kiyaa| isake atirikta jaina dharma meM mUrti nirmANa kI prAcInatA, isakI AvazyakatA tathA ina sandarbho meM kalAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kI vivecanA bhI kI gaI hai| uparinirdiSTa adhyayana prArambha se sAtavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka kAlakrama se tathA AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka kSetra ke sandarbha meM kiyA gayA hai| gupta yuga ke anta (la0 550 I0) taka jaina kalAkendroM kI saMkhyA tathA unase prApta sAmagrI (matharA ke atirikta) svalpa hai| rAjanItika dRSTi se mauryakAla se guptakAla taka uttara bhArata eka sUtra meM baMdhA thaa| ataH anya dharmoM evaM unase sambaddha kalAoM ke samAna ho jaina dharma tathA kalA kA vikAsa isa kSetra meM samarUpa rahA / gupta yaga ke bAda se sAtavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka ke saMkramaNa kAla meM bhI saMskRti evaM vibhinna dharmoM se sambaddha kalA ke vikAsa meM mUla dhArA kA hI paravartI avibhakta pravAha dRSTigata hotA hai, jisake kAraNa pUrva paramparAoM kI sAmarthya tathA uttara bhArata ke eka bar3e bhAga para harSavardhana ke rAjya kI sthApanA hai| kintu AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya uttara bhArata ke rAjanItika maMca para vibhinna rAjavaMzoM kA udaya huA, jinake sImita rAjyoM meM vibhinna Arthika evaM dhArmika sandarbho meM jaina dharma, kalA, sthApatya evaM pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa kI svatantra janapadIya yA kSetrIya dhArAeM udbhUta evaM vikasita huI, jinase jaina 1 kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0, iNTroDakzana TU iNDiyana ArTa, dillI, 1969, prastAvanA

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14 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna kalAkendroM kA mAnacitra paryApta parivartita huA / inhIM sandarbho meM rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ke adhyayana meM uparyukta do dRSTiyoM kA prayoga apekSita pratIta huaa| Arambhika kAla (prArambha se 7vIM zatI I0 taka) prArambha se sAtavIM zatI I0 taka ke isa adhyayana meM pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra jinoM aura maurya, kuSANa, gupta aura anya zAsakoM ke kAla meM jaina dharma evaM kalA kI sthiti aura use prApta honevAle rAjakIya evaM sAmAnya samarthana kA ullekha hai| jaina dharma meM mUrti pUjana kI prAcInatA kI dRSTi se jIvantasvAmI mUrti kI paramparA evaM anya prArambhika jaina mUtiyoM kA bhI saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kA yuga jainoM ne sampUrNa kAlacakra ko utsapiNI aura avasarpiNI ina do yugoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, aura pratyeka yuga meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM (yA jinoM) kI kalpanA kI hai| vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM se kevala antima do tIrthaMkaroM, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra, kI hI aitihAsikatA sarvamAnya hai| sAhityika paramparA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha ke samaya (la. 8vIM zatI I0 pU0) meM bhI jaina dharma vibhinna rAjyoM evaM zAsakoM dvArA samarthita thA / pArzvanAtha vArANasI ke zAsaka azvasena ke putra the| unakA vaivAhika sambandha prasenajita ke rAjaparivAra meM huA thaa| jaina granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI magadha ke AsapAsa pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI vidyamAna the| kintu yaha ullekhanIya hai ki pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke bIca ke 250 varSoM ke antarAla meM jaina dharma se sambaddha kisI prakAra kI prAmANika aitihAsika sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI hai| antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra bhI rAjaparivAra se sambaddha haiN| paTanA ke samIpa sthita kuNDayAma ke jJAtRvaMzIya zAsaka siddhArtha unake pitA aura vaizAlI ke zAsaka ceTaka kI bahana trizalA unakI mAtA thiiN| unakA janma pArzvanAtha ke 250 varSa pazcAt la0 599 I0 pU0 meM huA thA aura nirvANa 527 I0 pU0 meM / vaizAlI ke zAsaka licchaviyoM ke kAraNa hI mahAvIra ko sarvatra eka nizcita samarthana milA / mahAvIra ne magadha, aMga, rAjagRha, vaizAlI, videha, kAzI, kozala, vaMga, avanti Adi sthaloM para vihAra kara apane upadezoM se jaina dharma kA prasAra kiyaa| sAhityika paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ne apane samakAlIna magadha ke zAsakoM, bimbisAra evaM ajAtazatru ko nuyAyI banAyA thaa| bimbisAra kA mahAvIra ke cAmaradhara ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ajAtazatru ke uttarAdhikArI udaya yA udAyina ko bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai jisakI AjJA se pATaliputra meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa huA thaa| kintu ina zAsakoM dvArA jaina evaM bauddha dharmoM ko samAna rUpa se diye gaye saMrakSaNa se spaSTa hai ki rAjanItika dRSTi se vibhinna dharmoM ke prati unakA samabhAva thaa| mahAvIra se pUrva tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke astitva kA koI bhI sAhityika yA purAtAtvika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| jaina granthoM meM mahAvIra kI yAtrA ke sandarbha meM unake kisI jaina mandira jAne yA jina mUrti ke pUjana kA anullekha hai| isake viparIta yakSa-AyatanoM evaM yakSa-caityoM (pUrNabhadra aura mANibhadra) meM unake vizrAma karane ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| 1 zAha, sI0 je0, jainijama ina nArtha iNDiyA, landana, 1932, pR0 83 2 Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 17, pR0 241; Avazyaka cUNi, gAthA 17, pR0 217 3 mahAvIra kI tithi nirdhAraNa kA prazna abhI pUrNataH sthira nahIM ho sakA hai| vistAra ke lie draSTavya, jaina, ke0 sI0, lArDa mahAvIra aiNDa hija TAimsa, dillI, 1974, pR0 72-88 4 zAha, sI0 je0, pU0ni0, pR0 127 5 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'biginiMgsa Ava jaina AikAnogrAphI,' saM0pu0pa0. aM0 9, pR0 2 ..

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] jaina dharma meM mUrti pUjana kI prAcInatA se sambaddha sabase mahatvapUrNa vaha ullekha hai jisameM mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI unakI mUrti ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| sAhityika paramparA se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI unakI candana kI eka pratimA kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| isa mUrti meM mahAvIra ko dIkSA lene ke lagabhaga eka varSa pUrva rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM apane mahala meM hI tapasyA karate hue aMkita kiyA gayA hai / cU~ki yaha pratimA mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI nirmita huI, ataH use jIvantasvAmI yA jIvitasvAmI saMjJA dI gaI / sAhitya aura zilpa donoM hI meM jIvantasvAmI ko mukuTa, mekhalA Adi alaMkaraNoM se yukta eka rAjakumAra ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke samaya ke bAda kI bhI aisI mUrtiyoM ke lie jIvantasvAmI zabda kA hI prayoga hotA rahA / / jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM ko sarvaprathama prakAza meM lAne kA zreya yU0 pI0 zAha ko hai|' sAhityika paramparA ko vizvasanIya mAnate hue zAha ne mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla se hI jIvantasvAmI mUrti kI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne sAhityika paramparA kI puSTi meM akoTA (gujarAta) se prApta jIvantasvAmI kI do guptayugIna kAMsya pratimAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ina pratimAoM meM jIvantasvAmI ko kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3A aura vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita darazAyA gayA hai / pahalI mUrti la0 pAMcavIM zatI I0 kI hai aura dUsarI lekhayukta mUti la0 chaThI zatI I0 kI hai| dUsarI mUrti ke lekha meM 'jivaMtasAmI' khudA hai| jaina dharma meM mUrti-nirmANa evaM pUjana kI prAcInatA ke nirdhAraNa ke lie jovantasvAmI mUrti kI paramparA kI prAcInatA kA nirdhAraNa apekSita hai| Agama sAhitya evaM kalpasUtra jaise prArambhika granthoM meM jIvantasvAmI mUrti kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA hai| jIvantasvAmI mUrti ke prAcInatama ullekha Agama granthoM se sambandhita chaThI zatI I0 ke bAda kI uttarakAlIna racanAoM, yathA-niyuktiyoM, TIkAoM, bhASyoM, cUNiyoM Adi meM hI prApta hote haiM / ina granthoM se kozala, ujjaina, dazapura (maMdasora), vidizA, purI, evaM vItabhayapaTTana meM jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM kI vidyamAnatA kI sUcanA prApta hotI hai| jIvantasvAmI mUrti kA ullekha sarvaprathama vAcaka saMghadAsagaNi kRta vasudevahinDI (610 I0 yA la0 eka yA do zatAbdI pUrva kI kRti) meM prApta hotA hai| grantha meM AryA suvratA nAma kI eka gaNinI ke jIvantasvAmI mUrti ke pujanArtha ujjaina jAne kA ullekha hai| jinadAsakRta Avazyaka cUNi (676 I0) meM jIvantasvAmI kI prathama mUrti kI kathA prApta hotI hai| isameM acyata indra dvArA pUrvajanma ke mitra vidyunmAlI ko mahAvIra kI mUrti ke pUjana ko salAha dene, vidyunmAlI ke gozIrSa candana kI mUrti banAne evaM pratiSThA karane, vidyunmAlI ke pAsa se mUrti ke eka vaNika ke hAtha lagane, kAlAntara meM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna sindhu sauvIra meM vItabhayapattana ke zAsaka udAyana evaM usakI rAnI prabhAvatI dvArA usI mati ke 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'e yUnIka jaina imeja Ava jIvantasvAmI, ja0o0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, pR0 72-79; zAha, 'sAiDa lAiTsa oNna di lAipha-TAima seNDalavuDa ibheja oNva mahAvIra', ja0o0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 4, pR0 35868; zAha, 'zrIjIvantasvAmI' (gujarAtI), jai0sa0pra0, varSa 17, aM05-6, pR098-109; zAha, akoTA bronjeja, baMbaI, 1959, pR0 26-28 2 zAha, 'zrIjIvantasvAmI,' jai0sa0pra0, varSa 17, aM0 5-6, pR0 104 3 zAha, 'e yUnIka jaina imez2a oNva jovantasvAmI,' ja0o060, khaM0 1, aM0 1, pR0 79 4 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bonjeja, pR0 26-28, phalaka 9 e, bI, 12 e 5 jaina, hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962, pR0 72 6 jaina, je0 sI0, lAIpha ina ainzaNTa iNDiyA : aija DepikTeDa ina di jaina kenansa, baMbaI, 1947, pR0 252, 300, 325 . 7 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'zrIjIvantasvAmI,' jai0sa0pra0, varSa 17, aM0 5-6, pR0 98 8 vasudevahiNDI, khaM0 1, bhAga 1, pR0 61

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna vaNika se prApta karane evaM rAnI prabhAvatI dvArA mUrti kI bhaktibhAva ne pUjA karane kA ullekha hai| yahI kathA haribhadramuri kI Avazyaka vRtti meM bhI vaNita hai| isI kathA kA ullekha hemacandra (1169-72 I0) ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (parva 10, sarga 11) meM kucha navIna tathyoM ke sAtha kiyA hai| hemacandra ne svayaM mahAvIra ke mukha se jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti ke nirmANa kA ullekha karAte hue likhA hai ki kSatriyakuNDa grAma meM dIkSA lene ke pUrva chadmastha kAla meM mahAvIra kA darzana vidyunmAlI ne kiyA thaa| usa samaya unake AbhUSaNoM se susajjita hone ke kAraNa hI vidyunmAlI ne mahAvIra kI alaMkaraNa yukta pratimA kA nirmANa kiyaa|' anya srotoM se bhI jJAta hotA hai ki dIkSA lene kA vicAra hote hue bhI apane jyeSTha bhrAtA ke Agraha ke kAraNa mahAvIra ko kucha samaya taka mahala meM ho dharma-dhyAna meM samaya vyatIta karanA par3A thA / hemacandra ke anusAra vidyunmAlI dvArA nirmita mUla pratimA vidizA meM thii| hemacandra ne yaha bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki caulukya zAsaka kumArapAla ne vItabhayapaTTana meM utkhanana karavAkara jIvaMtasvAmI kI pratimA prApta kI thii| jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti ke lakSaNoM kA ullekha hemacandra ke atirikta anya kisI bhI jaina AcArya ne nahIM kiyA hai / kSamAzramaNa saMghadAsa racita bRhatkalpabhASya ke bhASya gAthA 2753 para TIkA karate hue kSemakIti (1275 I0) ne likhA hai ki maurya zAsaka samprati ko jaina dharma meM dIkSita karanevAle Arya suhasti jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti ke pUjanArtha ujjaina gaye the| ullekhanIya hai ki kisI digambara grantha meM jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti kI paramparA kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / isakA eka sambhAvita kAraNa pratimA kA vastrAbhUSaNoM se yukta honA ho sakatA hai| sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI I0 ke pUrva jIvaMtasvAmI ke sambandha meM hameM kisI prakAra kI aitihAsika sUcanA nahIM prApta hotI hai / isa sandarbha meM mahAvIra ke gaNadharoM dvArA racita Agama sAhitya meM jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti ke ullekha kA pUrNa abhAva jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti kI dhAraNA kI paravartI granthoM dvArA pratipAdita mahAvIra kI samakAlikatA para eka svAbhAvika sandeha utpanna karatA hai| kalpasUtra evaM I0 pU0 ke anya granthoM meM bhI jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti kA anullekha isI sandeha kI puSTi karatA hai| vartamAna sthiti meM jIvaMtasvAmI mUrti kI dhAraNA ko mahAvIra ke samaya taka le jAne kA hamAre pAsa koI aitihAsika pramANa nahIM hai| maurya-yuga bihAra jaina dharma kI janmasthalI hone ke sAtha-sAtha bhadrabAha, sthUlabhadra, yazobhadra, sudharmana, gautamagaNadhara evaM umAsvAti jaise jaina AcAryoM kI mukhya kAryasthalI bhI rahI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra jaina dharma ko lagabhaga sabha. samartha maurya zAsakoM kA samarthana prApta thaa| candragupta maurya kA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA tathA jIvana ke antima varSoM meM bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata jAnA suvidita hai| arthazAstra meM jayanta, vaijayanta, aparAjita evaM anya jaina devoM kI mUrtiyoM kA ullekha hai|4 azoka bauddha dharmAnuyAyI hote hue bhI jaina dharma ke prati udAra thaa| usane nirgranthoM evaM AjIvikoM ko dAna die the| samprati ko bhI jaina dharma kA anuyAyI kahA gayA hai| kintu maurya zAsakoM se sambaddha ina paramparAoM ke viparIta purAtAtvika sAkSya ke rUpa meM lohAnIpura se prApta kevala eka jina mUrti hI hai, jise maurya yuga kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1 triza0pu0ca0 10.11. 379-80 2 zAha, yU0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 109 : jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para liyA gayA yU0pI0 zAha kA niSkarSa digambara kalAkendroM meM jIvaMtasvAmI ke mUrta citraNAbhAva se bhI samarthita hotA hai| 3 mukharjI, Ara0 ke0, candragupta maurya aiNDa hija TAimsa, dillI, 1966 (pu0ma0), pR0 39-41 4 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR0 33 5 thApara, romilA, azoka aiNDa di DiklAina Ava di mauryaja, AksaphorDa, 1963 (pu0ma0), pR0 137-81; mukharjI, Ara0 ke0, azoka, dillI, 1974, pR0 54-55 6 pariziSTaparvana 9.54 : thApara, romilA, pU0ni0, pR0 187

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] 17 paTanA ke samIpastha lohAnIpura se mauryaMyugIna camakadAra Alepa se yukta la0 tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 kA eka nagna kabandha prApta huA hai, jo samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM hai / kabandha kI digambaratA evaM kAyotsarga-mudrA isake tIrthaMkara mUrti hone ke pramANa haiM / camakadAra Alepa ke atirikta usI sthala se utkhanana meM prApta honevAlI moryayugIna IMTeM evaM eka rajata AhatamudrA bhI mUrti ke mauryakAlIna hone ke samarthaka sAkSya haiM / " isa mUrti ke nirUpaNa meM yakSa mUrtiyoM kA prabhAva dRSTita hotA hai / yakSa mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM mUrti kI zarIra racanA meM bhArIpana ke sthAna para santulana hai, jise jaina dharma meM yoga ke vizeSa mahatva kA pariNAma svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / zarIra racanA meM prApta saMtulana, mUrti ke maurya yuga ke uparAnta nirmita hone kA nahIM varan usake tIrthaMkara mUrti hone kA sUcaka hai / maurya zAsakoM dvArA jaina dharma ko samarthana pradAna karanA aura arthazAstra evaM kaliMga zAsaka khAravela ke lekha ke ullekha lohAnIpura mUrti ke mauryayugIna mAnane ke anumodaka haiN| zuMga-kuSANa yuga udayagiri - khaNDagiri kI pahAr3iyoM (purI, ur3IsA) para dUsarI - pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kI jaina guphAe~ prApta hotI haiM / udayagiri kI hAthIgumphA meM khAravela kA la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kA lekha utkIrNa hai / yaha lekha arahaMtoM evaM siddhoM ko namaskAra se prArambha hotA hai aura arahaMtoM ke smArikA avazeSoM kA ullekha karatA hai / lekha meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha hai ki khAravela ne apanI rAnI ke sAtha kumArI (udayagiri) sthita arhatoM ke smAraka avazeSoM para jaina sAdhuoM ko nivAsa kI suvidhA pradAna kI thI / lekha meM ullekha hai ki kaliMga kI jisa jina pratimA ko nandarAja 'tivasasata' varSa pUrva kaliMga se magadha le gayA thA, use khAravela punaH vApasa le AyA / 'tivasasata' zabda kA arthaM adhikAMza vidvAn 300 varSa mAnate 14 isa prakAra lekha ke AdhAra para jina mUrti kI prAcInatA la0 cauthI zatI I0 pU0 taka jAtI hai / la0 dUsarI pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM jaina dharma gujarAta meM bho praveza kara cukA thaa| isakI puSTi kAlakAcArya kathA se hotI hai / kathA meM ullekha hai ki kAlaka ne bhar3auca jAkara logoM ko jaina dharma kI zikSA dI / sAhityika srotoM meM RSabhanAtha aura neminAtha ke kramazaH zatruMjaya evaM giranAra pahAr3iyoM para tapasyA karane tathA neminAtha ke giranAra para hI kaivalya prApta karane kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / gujarAta meM ye donoM hI pahAr3iyAM sarvAdhika dhArmika mahatva kI sthaliyAM rahI haiN| * lohAnIpura jina mUrti ke bAda kI pArzvanAtha kI dUsarI jina mUrti priMsa Ava velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI meM saMgRhIta hai, jo la0 prathama zatI I0 pU0 kI kRti hai / lagabhaga sI samaya kI pArzvanAtha kI dUsarI jina mUrti baksara jile ke causA grAma se prApta huI hai / baksara kI gaMgA ke taTa para sthiti ke kAraNa usakA vyApArika mahatva thA / 7 la0 dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 ke madhya meM jaina kalA ko prathama pUrNa abhivyakti mathurA meM milii| yahAM zuMga yuga se madhyayuga (1023 I0) taka kI jaina mUrti sampadA kA vaividhyapUrNa bhaNDAra prApta hotA hai, jisameM jaina pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa kI prArambhika avasthAeM prApta hotI haiM / jaina paramparA meM mathurA kI prAcInatA supArzvanAtha ke samaya taka pratipAdita kI gaI hai jahAM kuberA devI ne supArzva kI smRti meM eka stUpa banavAyA thA / vividhatIrthaMkalpa ( 14 vIM zatI I0 ) meM ullekha hai ki pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM supArzva ke stUpa kA vistAra aura punaruddhAra huA thA, tathA bappabhaTTisUri ne vi0 saM0 826 1 jAyasavAla ke0 pI0, 'jaina imeja oNva maurya piriyaDa', ja0bi0 u0ri0so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1, pR0 130-32 2 re, nihAraraMjana, maurya aiNDa zuMga ArTa, kalakattA, 1965, pR0 115 3 sarakAra, DI0 sI0, selekTa inskripzansa, khaM0 1, kalakattA, 1965, pR0 213 4 vahI, pR0 213 - 21 6 vividhatIrthaMkalpa, pR0 1-10 5 vahI, pR0 215, pA0 Ti0 7 7 motI candra, sArthavAha, paTanA, 1953, pR0 15

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna (=769 I0) meM punaH usakA jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| isa paravartI sAhityika paramparA kI eka kuSANakAlIna tIrthakara mUrti se puSTi hotI hai, jisakI pIThikA para yaha lekha (167 I0) hai ki yaha mUrti devanirmita stUpa meM sthApita kI gyii| mathurA meM tInoM pramukha dharmoM ( brAhmaNa, bauddha evaM jaina ) meM ArAdhya devoM ke mUrta aMkanoM ke mUla meM bhakti Andolana hI thaa| jina mUrti kA nirmANa maurya yuga meM hI prArambha ho cukA thA para unake nirmANa kI kramabaddha paramparA mathurA meM zaMga-kuSANa yuga se prArambha huii| tAtparya yaha ki jaina dharma meM mUrti pUjA kA prArambha jaina dharma kI janmasthalI bihAra meM na hokara bhakti kI janmasthalI mathurA meM huaa| IsA ke kaI zatAbdI pUrva hI mathurA vAsudeva-kRSNa pUjana se sambaddha bhakti sampradAya kA pramukha kendra bana cukA thA / jaina dharma meM mUrti nirmANa para bhAgavata sampradAya ke prabhAva kI puSTi kucha kuSANakAlIna jina mUrtiyoM meM kRSNa-vAsudeva evaM balarAma ke utkIrNana se bhI hotI hai / ___zuMga zAsakoM dvArA jaina dharma evaM kalA ko samarthana ke pramANa nahIM prApta hote| kuSANa yuga meM bhI jaina dharma ko rAjakIya samarthana ke pramANa nahIM prApta hote / para zAsakoM kI dharma sahiSNu nIti mathurA meM jaina dharma evaM kalA ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka rahI hai| kuSANa yuga meM mathurA meM pracura saMkhyA meM jaina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA aura jaina pratimAvijJAna kI kaI vizeSatAoM kA sarvaprathama nirUpaNa evaM nirdhAraNa huaa|4 jaina kalA ke vikAsa kI isa pRSThabhUmi meM mathurA ke zAsaka varga vyApAriyoM evaM sAmAnya janoM kA samarthana rahA hai / eka lekha meM grAmika jayanAga kI patnI siMhadattA (dattA) ke eka AyAgapaTa dAna karane kA ullekha hai / " eka anya lekha meM gotiputra kI patnI zivamitrA dvArA jaina mUrti nirmANa kA ullekha haiN| kucha jaina mUrti lekhoM meM brAhmaNoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| mathurA ke lekhoM se jaina mUrti nirmANa meM striyoM ke yogadAna kA bhI jJAna hotA hai / jaina lekhoM meM akakA, oghA, okharikA aura ujhaTikA jaise strI nAma videzI mUla ke pratIta hote haiN| kuSANa zAsana meM Antarika zAnti evaM vyavasthA ke kAraNa vyApAra ko paryApta protsAhana milA / deza meM aura vizeSataH videzoM meM hone vAle vyApAra se vyApAriyoM evaM vyavasAyiyoM ne prabhUta dhana arjita kiyA, jise unhoMne dhArmika smArakoM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM bhI lagAyA / mathurA pramukha vyApArika kendra ke sAtha kuSANa zAsakoM kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI aura kaniSka ke samaya kalA kA sabase bar3A kendra bhI thaa| mathurA se prApta tInoM sampradAyoM kI mUtayoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM bhI jaina mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA bauddha evaM hindU mUtiyoM kI tulanA meM lyUDara dvArA prakAzita mathurA ke kula 132 lekhoM meM se 84 jaina aura kevala 33 bauddha mUrtiyoM se sambaddha haiN| zeSa lekhoM kA isa prakAra kA nirdhAraNa sambhava nahIM hai|' mathurA apanI bhaugolika sthiti ke kAraNa deza ke lagabhaga sabhI vyApArika mahatva ke sthaloM, rAjagRha, takSazilA, ujjaina, bharukaccha, zaparika, se jur3A thA jo Arthika vikAsa kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa thaa| jaina granthoM meM mathurA kA prasiddha 1 vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 18-19 2 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU : je20 / lekhaka ko devanirmita zabda kA sandarbha kaI madhyayugIna mUti-abhilekhoM meM bhI dekhane ko milA hai| 3 agravAla, vI0 esa0, iNDiyana ArTa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1965, pR0 230 4 inameM jinoM kI bahusaMkhyaka mUrtiyAM, RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya, caumukha, nagameSI, sarasvatI Adi pramukha haiN| 5 vijayamUrti (saM0), jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 2, bambaI, 1952, pR0 33-34, lekha saM0 42 6 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 1, lekha saM0 33 7 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 1, pR0 371-97; khaM0 2, pR0 195-212; khaM0 19, pR0 67 8 lyUje-De-lyU, je0I0vAna, di sIthiyana piriyaDa, liDena, 1949, pR0 149, pA0 Ti0 16 9 motI caMdra, pU0ni0, pR0 15-16, 24

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] vyApArika kendra ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jo vastra nirmANa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa thaa|' kuSANa kAla meM mathurA ke jaina samAja meM vyApAriyoM evaM zilpakarmiyoM kI pramukhatA kI puSTi jaina mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa aneka lekhoM se hotI hai, jinase jaina dharma evaM kalA meM unakA yogadAna spaSTa hai| byUhalara ke adhyayana ke anusAra mathurA ke jaina adhika saMkhyA meM, sambhavataH sarvAdhika saMkhyA meM, vyApArI evaM vyavasAyI varga ke the / 2 jaina mUrtiyoM ke pIThikA-lekhoM meM prApta dAnakartAoM kI viziSTa upAdhiyAM unake vyavasAya kI sUcaka haiM / lekhoM meM zreSThin, sArthavAha, gandhika Adi ke atirikta suvarNakAra, vadhaMkina (bar3haI), lauhakarmaka zabdoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| sAtha hI nAvika (prAtArika), vaizyAoM, nartakoM ke bhI ullekha prApta hote haiN| ___ pahalI-dUsarI zatI I0 ke sonabhaNDAra guphA (rAjagira) ke eka lekha meM muni vairadeva (zvetAmbara AcArya vajra : 57 I0) dvArA jaina muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie guphAoM ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai jisameM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM bhI sthApita kI gii| dUsarI zatI I0 ke anta (la. 176 I0) meM kuSANoM ke patana ke uparAnta mathurA ke rAjanItika maMca para nAgavaMza kA udaya huaa| dUsarI kSetrIya zaktiyoM kA bhI udaya huaa| bhinna rAjanItika mAnacitra evaM paristhiti meM vyApAra zithila paDa gyaa| pUrva kI tulanA meM isa yuga ke kalAvazeSoM meM tIrthakara yA anya jaina mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA bahata kama hai tathA tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvanadRzyoM, naigameSI evaM sarasvatI ke aMkanoM kA pUrNa abhAva hai, jo jaina mUrti nirmANa kI kSINatA kA dyotaka hai| tathApi pAramparika evaM vyApArika pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa jaina samudAya aba bhI susaMgaThita aura dhArmika kSetra meM kriyAzIla thA, jisakI puSTi cauthI zatI I. ke prArambha yA kucha pUrva Arya skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM Agama sAhitya ke saMkalana hetu hue dvitIya vAcana se hotI hai| gupta-yuga cauthI zatI I0 ke prArambha se chaThI zatI I0 ke madhya taka guptoM ke zAsana kAla meM saMskRti evaM kalA kA sarvapakSIya vikAsa huA / samudragupta, candragupta dvitIya evaM skandagupta jaise parAkramI zAsakoM ne uttara bhArata ko ekasUtra meM bAMdhe rakhA / zAMtipUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM vyavasAyoM evaM dezavyApI vyApAra kA punarutthAna huA aura Arthika sthiti sudRr3ha hii| gupta yaga meM bhaDauMca, ujjainI, vidizA, vArANasI, pATaliputra, kauzAmbI, mathurA Adi vyApArika mahatva ke pramukha nagara sthala mArga se eka dUsare se sambaddha the| tAmralipti (Adhunika tAmaluka) baMgAla kA pramukha baMdaragAha thA, jahAM se videzoM se vyApAra hotA thaa| isa yuga meM misra, grIsa, roma, pasiyA, sIriyA, sIlona, kamboDiyA, syAma, cIna, sumAtrA Adi aneka dezoM se bhArata kA vyApAra ho rahA thaa| gupta zAsaka mukhyataH brAhmaNa dharmAvalaMbI hote hue bhI anya dharmoM ke prati udAra the| tathApi abhilekhika evaM sAhityika sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa yuga meM jaina dharma kI bahuta unnati nahIM huii| phAhyAna ke yAtrA vivaraNa meM bhI jaina dharma kA anullekha hai| rAmagupta (?) ke atirikta anya kisI bhI gupta zAsaka dvArA jaina mUrti nirmANa kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| vidizA se prApta la. cauthI zatI I0 kI tIna jina mUrtiyoM meM se do ke pIThikA-lekhoM meM mahArAjAdhirAja 1 jaina, je0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 114-15 2 siMha, je0 pI0, AspekTasa oNva arlI jainijama, vArANasI, 1972, pR0 90, pA0Ti0 3 3 epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 1, lekha saM01, 2, 7, 21, 29; khaM0 2, lekha saM05, 16, 18, 39 4 A0sa0I0ai0ri0, 1905-06, pR0 98,166 5 zAha, yU0 pI0, "biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 2 6 altekara, e0 esa0, 'IkanAmika kaNDIzana', di vAkATaka gupta eja, dillI, 1967, pR0 357-58 7 maitI, esa0 ke0, IkanAmika lAIpha oNva nArdarna iNDiyA ina di gupta piriyaDa, kalakattA, 1957, pR0 120

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna zrIrAmagupta dvArA una mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa karAne kA ullekha hai / ' gupta saMvat tithiyoM vAlI kucha mUrtiyAM candragupta dvitIya, kumAragupta prathama evaM skandaguta ke samaya kI haiM / mathurA se prApta eka mUrti lekha (gupta saM0 113 = 432 I.) meM zyAmADhyA nAmaka strI dvArA mUrti samarpaNa aMkita hai| udayagiri guphA lekha gupta saM0 106 =425 I0) ke anusAra pAzrvanAtha kI mUrti zaMkara nAma ke vyakti dvArA sthApita kI gayI thii| kahoma (gorakhapura, u0 pra0) lekha (gupta saM0 141 = 460 I0) ke anusAra mati ke dAnakartA madra ke hRdaya meM brAhmaNoM evaM dharmAcAryoM ke prati vizeSa sammAna thaa| pahAr3apura (rAjazAhI, deza) se prApta lekha (gupta saM0 159 = 478 I0) meM eka brAhmaNa yagala dvArA arhat ke pUjana evaM vaTa gohAli ke vihAra meM vihAragRha banAne ke lie bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai / " mathurA ke atirikta anya kaI sthaloM se bhI guptakAlIna jaina mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa prApta hote haiN| apane bandaragAhoM ke kAraNa gujarAta vyApAriyoM kA pramukha kArya kSetra ho gayA thaa| gupta yuga meM hI la0 pAMcavIM zatI I. ke madhya yA chaThI zatI I0 ke prArambha meM valabhI meM tIsarA aura antima vAcana sampanna huA jisameM sabhI upalabdha jaina granthoM ko lipibaddha kiyA gayA / akoTA se romana kAMsya pAtra prApta hote haiM, jo usa sthala ke vyApArika mahatva kA saMketa dete haiM / gujarAta ke akoTA evaM valabhI nAmaka sthaloM se guptayugIna jaina mUrtiyAM prApta haI haiN| bihAra meM rAjagira kA vibhinna sthaloM se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa vizeSa vyApArika mahatva thaa| gupta yuga se nirantara bArahavIM zatI I0 taka rAjagira (vaibhAra pahAr3I aura sonamaNDAra guphA) meM jana mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa hotA rahA / madhyapradeza meM vidizA prAcIna kAla se hI vyApArika mahatva kI nagarI thii| vyApAra kI dRSTi se vArANasI kA bhI mahatva thA jahAM se chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 kI kucha jaina mUrtiyAM prApta hotI haiN| sAtavIM zatI I0 ke do gurjara zAsakoM-jayabhaTTa prathama evaM dadda dvitIya ne tIthaMkaroM se sambaddha vItarAga evaM prazAntarAga upAdhiyAM dhAraNa kI thiiN| hvenasAMga ke vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki sAtavIM zatI I0 meM zvetAmbara evaM digambara sampradAya ke sAdhu pazcima meM takSazilA evaM pUrva meM vipula taka aura digambara nirgrantha baMgAla meM samataTa evaM puNDravardhana taka phaile the| madhya-yuga (la0 8vIM zatI I0 se 12vIM zatI I0 taka) harSa ke vAda (la0 646 I0) kA yuga kinhIM arthoM meM hrAsa kA yuga hai| kisI kendrIya zakti ke abhAva meM uttara bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM svatantra zaktiyAM uTha khar3I hii| kannauja para adhikAra karane ke lie inameM se pramukha, pAla, pratihAra aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM ke madhya hone vAlA trikoNAtmaka saMgharSa isa kAla kI mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA itihAsa aneka svatantra rAjavaMzoM se sambaddha hai, jinameM se adhikAMza ne apanA rAjanItika jIvana pratihAroM ke adhIna prArambha kiyA thaa| inameM rAjasthAna meM cAhamAna, gujarAta meM caulukya (solaMkI) aura mAlavA meM paramAra pramukha haiM / sAtha hI gahar3avAla, candela aura kalcuri evaM pUrva meM pAla bhI mahatvapUrNa haiM, jinhoMne navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya zAsana kiyaa| ina rAjavaMzoM ke zAsakoM meM sattA evaM rAjyavistAra ke lie Apasa meM nirantara saMgharSa hotA rahA / anta meM 1193 I0 meM 1 gAI, jI0 esa0, 'thrI inskripzansa oNva rAmagupta', ja0o0I0, khaM0 18, aM 3, pR0 247-51; agravAla, Ara0 sI0, 'nyUlI DiskavarDa skalpacarsa phAma vidizA', ja0o0I0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, 10 252-53 2 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 210-11, lekha saM0 39 3 kA060I0, khaM0 3, pR0 258-60, lekha saM61 4 vahI, pR0 65-68, lekha saM0 15 ... 5 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 20, pR061 . 6 viNTaranitja, ema0, e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana lirecara, khaM0 2, kalakattA, 1933, pR0 432 . . . 7 maitI, esa0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 123; jaina, je0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 115 8 motI candra, pU0ni0, pR0 17.. 9 ghaTage, e0 ema0, 'jainijma', di klAsikala eja, baMbaI, 1954, pR0 405-06

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] 31 muhammada gorI ne pRthvIrAja tRtIya evaM jayacanda ko parAjita kiyA, jisake sAtha hI bhArata meM hindU zAsana samApta ho gayA / san 1206 I0 meM musalamAnoM ne mAmaluka vaMza kI sthApanA kI / meM vibhinna kSetroM ke zAsakoM ke madhya nirantara calanevAle saMgharSa ke pariNAmasvarUpa guptayuga kI zAMnti evaM vyavasthA vilupta ho gayI / tathApi bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna pakSoM kA vikAsa abAdha gati se calatA rahA, yadyapi usa vikAsa kA svarUpa evaM usakI gati vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke antargata bhinna rahI / maurya, kuSANa evaM gupta yugoM kI tulanA meM isa yuga vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke antargata hue sAhitya aura kalA ke vikAsa kA mahatva kisI bhI prakAra kama nahIM hai| sImita kSetra meM samarthaM zAsaka kA saMrakSaNa kisI bhI dharma aura kalA kI unnati evaM vikAsa meM adhika sahAyaka hotA hai / isakA pramANa pratihAra, caMdela aura caulukya zAsakoM ke kAla meM nirmita jaina mandiroM kI saMkhyA evaM pratimAvijJAna kI prabhUta sAmagrI meM ffed hai / isa yuga meM hI gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza aura uttara pradeza meM sarvAdhika jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huA aura samasta uttara bhArata meM aneka jaina kalAkendra sthApita hue jahA~ prabhUta saMkhyA meM jaina mUrtiyAM nirmita huIM / phalataH isa kAla meM pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se viSaya kI sarvAdhika vividhatA evaM vikAsa bhI dRSTigata hotA hai / udayagiri khaMDagiri ( navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAeM), devagar3ha, mathurA, gvAliyara, khajurAho, osiyA, dilavAr3A (vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI ), kuMbhAriyA, tAraMgA, rAjagira Adi jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se atIva mahatva ke sthala haiM / pratihAra zAsaka nAgabhaTa dvitIya' aura caulukya zAsaka kumArapAla ke atirikta anya kisI bhI zAsaka ke jaina dharma svIkAra karane kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / para bauddha dharmAvalambI pAlavaMza ke atirikta anya sabhI rAjavaMzoM kA jaina dharmaM evaM kalA ko kisI na kisI rUpa meM samarthana prApta thA / jaina devakula meM rAma, kRSNa, balarAma, gaNeza, sarasvatI, cakrezvarI, aSTa-dikpAla evaM navagrahoM jaise hindU devoM ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA thaa| jaina dharma ke isa udAra svarUpa ne nizcitarUpeNa hindU zAsakoM ko jaina dharma ke samarthana ke lie AkRSTa kiyA hogA / jayasiMha sUri (14 vIM zatI I0) kRta kumArapAlacarita meM ullekha hai ki jaina AcArya hemacandra kI salAha para hI kumArapAla ne hemacandra ke sAtha somanAtha jAkara ziva kA pUjana kiyA thA / vahIM ziva ne prakaTa hokara jaina dharma kI prazaMsA kI thI / hemacandra ne ziva mahAdeva kI prazaMsA meM kAvya racanA bhI kI thI / gaNadharasArddhazataka bRhadvRtti ke anusAra eka acche jaina vidvAn ke lie brAhmaNa aura jaina donoM hI darzanoM kA pUrA jJAna Avazyaka hai / " ahiMsA para bala dene ke sAtha hI jaina dharmaM yuddha virodhI nahIM thA / tamI kumArapAla, siddharAja evaM vimala jaise zAsaka usakI paridhi meM A sake / jaina dharma vyApAriyoM evaM vyavasAyiyoM ke madhya vizeSa lokapriya thA / sambhavataH isake hindU zAsakoM dvArA samarthita hone kA yaha bhI eka kAraNa thA / jaina dharma meM jAti vyavasthA ko dharma kI dRSTi se mahatva nahIM diyA gayA thA, aura sambhavata: isI kAraNa vaizyoM ne kAphI saMkhyA meM jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thA, jinakA mukhya kAryaM vyApAra yA vyavasAya thA / ina vaizyoM ko jaina samAja meM pUrNa pratiSThA prApta thI / daNDanAyaka vimala, vAstupAla, tejapAla, pAhilla evaM jagadu ko zAsana meM 1 ayyaMgara, kRSNasvAmI, 'di bappabhaTTi - carita aiNDa di arlI hisTrI oNva di gurjara empAyara,' ja0 bAM0brAM0rA0e0sI0, khaM0 3, aM0 1-2, pR0 113; purI, bI0 ena0, di hisTrI oNva di gurjara pratihAraja, bambaI, 1957, pR047-48 2 jaina sthiti ke ThIka viparIta sthiti bauddhoM kI thI, jinhoMne pramukha hindU devatAoM ko apane devakula meM nimna sthAna diyA : draSTavya, banarjI, je0 ena0, di DivalapmeNTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 540 aura Age; maTTAcArya, benAyatoza, di iNDiyana buddhisTa AikanogrAphI, kalakattA, 1968, pR0 136, 173-74, 185-88, 249-50 3 kumArapAlacarita 5.5, pR0 24 aura Age, 75, pR0 577 aura Age 4 zarmA, brajendranAtha, sozala eNNDa kalcarala hisTrI oNva nArdarna iNDiyA, dillI, 1972, pR0 46; jai0ka0sthA0, 9kha0 2, pR0 254, pA0 Ti0 2

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22 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mahatvapUrNa pada yA zAsakoM kA sammAna prApta thA / vyApAriyoM ke jaina dharmaM evaM kalA ko saMrakSaNa pradAna karane kI puSTi khajurAho, jAlora aura osiyA jaise sthaloM se prApta lekhoM se bhI hotI hai / gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttaraM pradeza evaM madhyapradeza meM honevAle jaina kalA ke prabhUta vikAsa ke mUla meM una kSetroM kI vyApArika pRSThabhUmi hI thI / gujarAta ke mar3auMca, kaibe aura somanAtha jaise vyApArika mahatva ke bandaragAhoM; rAjasthAna meM poravAr3a, zrImAla, osavAla, moDheraka jaisI vyApArika jaina jAtiyoM; evaM madhyapradeza aura uttara pradeza meM vidizA, ujjaina, mathurA, kauzAmbI jaise mahatvapUrNaM vyApArika sthaloM ne ina kSetroM meM jaina mandiroM evaM pracura saMkhyA meM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kA AdhAra prastuta kiyA / chaThIM zatI I0 se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kA saMkramaNa kAla anya dharmoM evaM kalAoM ke sAtha hI jaina dharma evaM kalA meM mI navIna pravRttiyoM ke udaya kA yuga thA / sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda kalA meM kSetrIya vRttiyAM ubharane lagIM, aura tInoM pramukha dharmoM ko tAntrika pravRttiyoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM prabhAvita kiyA / anya dharmoM ke samAna jaina dharma meM bho devakula kI vRddhi huI / bauddha aura hindU dharmoM kI tulanA meM jaina dharma meM tAntrika prabhAva kama aura mukhyataH mantravAda ke rUpa meM thA / jaina dharmaM tAntrika pUjAvidhi, mAMsa, zarAba aura striyoM se mukta rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina dharma meM devatAoM ko jaina AcAryoM ne tAntrika vidyA ke ghinaune AcaraNoM ko pUrNataH mahatva ko svIkAra kiyA / zakti ke sAtha AliMgana mudrA meM nahIM vyakta kiyA gyaa| asvIkAra karake tantra meM prApta kevala yoga evaM sAdhanA ke Agama granthoM meM bhUtoM, DAkiniyoM evaM pizAcoM ke ullekha haiM / samarAiccakahA, tilakamaJjarI evaM bRhatkathAkoza meM mantravAda, vidyAdharoM, vidyAoM evaM kApAlikoM ke vetAla sAdhanoM kI carcA hai jinakI upAsanA se sAdhakoM ko divya zaktiyoM yA manovAMchita phaloM kI prApti hotI thI / tAntrika prabhAva meM kaI eka jaina granthoM kI racanAe~ huIM, jinameM kucha pramukha granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-jvAlinImAtA, nirvANakalikA, pratiSThAsAroddhAra, AcAradinakara, bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa, adbhuta padmAvatI Adi / paramparAgata jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM 16 mahAvidyAeM tAntrika deviyAM mAnI gaI haiM / uttara bhArata meM gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttara pradeza, madhya pradeza, ur3IsA, bihAra, baMgAla se prApta hue haiM / ina rAjyoM se prApta jaina mUrtiyoM ke samyak adhyayana kI dRSTi se pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa kA alaga-alaga adhyayana apekSita hai / gujarAta AThavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka gujarAta meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva tejI se bar3hane lagA / pratihAra zAsaka nAgabhaTa dvitIya (AmarAya) ne jIvana ke antima varSoM meM jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thA tathA moDherA evaM ahilapATaka meM jaina mandiroM aura zatrunjaya evaM giranAra para tIrthasthaliyoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA / vanarAja cApotkaTa ne 746 I0 meM ahilapATaka meM paMcAsara caitya kA nirmANa karAkara usameM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karavAyI aura jaina AcArya zIlaguNasUri kA sammAna kiyaa| hI jaina kalA ke avazeSa ina rAjyoM ke rAjanItika gujarAta meM jaina dharma evaM kalA ke vikAsa meM caulukya (yA solaMkI ) rAjavaMza (961 - 1304 I0 ) kA sarvAdhika yogadAna rahA / isa rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM kuMbhAriyA, tAraMgA evaM jAlora meM kaI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa 1 zarmA, bRjanArAyaNa, sozala lAIpha ina nArdarna iNDiyA, dillI, 1966, pR0 212-13 2 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 15, pR0 114 3 zeSa uttara bhArata meM jammU-kazmIra, paMjAba aura asama se jaina mUrtiyoM kI prAptiyAM sandehAspada prakAra kI haiM / 8vIM zatI I0 kI kucha digambara tIrthaMkara mUrtiyAM asama ke gvAlapAr3A jile ke sUrya pahAr3I kI guphAoM se milI haiM, nArdarna iNDiyA patrikA, aktUbara 29, 1975, pR0 8; jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 1, pR0 174 4 birajI, ke0 ke0 je0, ainzaSTa hisTrI oNva saurASTra, baMbaI, 1952, pR0183 5 caudharI, gulAbacandra, pAliTikala hisTrI oNva nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja, amRtasara, 1963, pR0 200

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] 23 huA / jaina dharmaM ko ajayapAla ( 1173-76 I0) ke atirikta sabhI zAsakoM kA samarthana milA / mUlarAja prathama (94295 I0) ne aNhilapATaka meM digambara sampradAya ke lie mUlavasatikA prAsAda aura zvetAmbara sampradAya ke lie mUlanAtha jinadeva mandira kA nirmANa karAyA / prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra cAmuNDarAja jaina AcArya vIrAcArya se prabhAvita thA aura yuvarAja ke rUpa meM hI 976 I0 meM usane varuNazarmaka ( mehasANA ) ke jaina mandira ko dAna diyA thA / bhImadeva prathama (1022-64 I0) ne surAcArya, zAntisUri, buddhisAgara tathA jinezvara jaise jaina vidvAnoM ko apane darabAra meM prazraya diyA / kaNaM (1064-94 I0) ne TAkavavI yA TAkovI (takoDi) ke sumatinAtha jina mandira' ko bhUmidAna diyA / jayasiMha siddharAja (1094 - 1144 I0) ke kAla meM zvetAmbara dharmaM gujarAta meM bhalIbhAMti sthApita ho cukA thA / jayasiMha ke hI nAma para jaina AcArya hemacandra ne siddha-hema-vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI thii| jayasiMha kI hI upasthiti meM zvetAmbaroM evaM digambaroM ne zAstrArtha kiyA, jisameM digambaroM ne parAjaya svIkAra kI / dvayAzrayakAvya ( hemacandrakRta ) meM jayasiMha ke siddhapura meM mahAvIra mandira ke nirmANa karAne aura ahaMt saMgha ko sthApita karane kA ullekha hai / grantha meM putra prApti hetu jayasiMha ke raivataka ( giranAra ) aura zatruMjaya pahAr3iyoM para jAne aura neminAtha evaM RSabhadeva ke pUjana karane kA bhI ullekha hai / ' kumArapAla (1944 -74 I0) jaina dharma evaM kalA kA mahAna samarthaka thA / prabandhoM meM usake jaina dharma svIkAra karane kA ullekha hai / merutuMgakRta prabandhacintAmaNi (1306 I0) ke anusAra isane 'paramArhat' upAdhi dhAraNa kii| azoka ke samAna kumArapAla ne vibhinna sthAnoM para kumAra vihAroM kA nirmANa karavAyA tathA inake mAdhyama se jaina dharma kA pracAra aura prasAra kiyA / kumArapAla ko 1440 jaina mandiroM kA nirmANakartA kahA gayA hai / yaha saMkhyA atizayoktipUrNa hai, phira bhI isase kumArapAla dvArA nirmita jaina mandiroM kI paryApta saMkhyA kA AbhAsa milatA hai, jisakA purAtAtvika pramANa bhI samarthana karate haiM / kumArapAla ne tAraMgA (mehasANA ) meM ajitanAtha aura jAlora ke kAMcanagiri ( suvarNagiri) para pArzvanAtha mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA / kumArapAla dvArA nirmita jaina mandira (kumAra vihAra) jAlora se prabhAsa taka ke paryApta vistRta kSetra ke sabhI mahatvapUrNa jaina kendroM meM nirmita hue / 4 kumArapAla ke uparAnta gujarAta meM jaina dharmaM ko rAjakIya samarthana nahIM milA / caulukya zAsakoM ke mantriyoM, senApatiyoM evaM anya viziSTa janoM aura vyApAriyoM ne bhI jaina dharma aura kalA ko samarthana pradAna kiyA / bhImadeva ke daNDanAyaka vimala ne zatruMjaya aura ArAsaNa ( kuMbhAriyA) meM do maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA / karNadeva ke pradhAna mantrI sAntU ne ahilapATaka evaM karNAvatI meM sAntU vasatikA kA nirmANa karavAyA, karNadeva ke hI mantrI muMjalA (jo bAda meM jayasiMha siddharAja ke bhI mantrI rahe) ke 1093 I0 ke pUrva ahilapATaka meM munjalavasatI, mantrI udayana ke karNAvatI meM udayana vihAra (1093 I0), staMbha tIrtha meM udayanavasatI aura dhavalakakka (dholka) meM sImandhara jina mandira (1119 I0), solAka santrI ke ahilapATaka meM solAkavasatI, daNDanAyaka kapardI ke ahilapATaka meM hI jina mandira (1119 I0), jayasiMha ke daNDanAyaka sajjana ke giranAra parvata para neminAtha mandira ( 1129 I0), kumArapAla ke mantrI pRthvIpAla ke sAyaNavADpura meM zAntinAtha mandira evaM AbU ke vimalavasahI meM raMgamaNDapa evaM devakulikAeM saMyukta karAne ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / udayana ke putra evaM mantrI vAgbhaTTa ne zatruMjaya parvata para prAcIna mandira ke sthAna para navIna AdinAtha mandira (1955 - 57 I0) kA nirmANa karAyA / kumArapAla ke daNDanAyaka ke putra abhayada ko jaina dharma ke prati AsthAvAna batAyA gayA hai / gambhUya ke samRddha vyApArI ninnaya ne aNhilapATaka meM RSabhadeva kA eka mandira banavAyA / 7 ma0jai0vi0 go0 ju0vA0, 1 vahI, pR0240, 255, 257; DhAkI, ema0e0, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', pR0 294 2 prabandhacintAmaNi, pR0 86 3 majUmadAra, e0 ke0, caulukyAja oNva gujarAta, baMbaI, 1956, pR0 317-19 4 nAhara, pI0 sI0, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1918, pR0 239, lekha saM0 899 5 DhAkI, ema0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 294 6 vahI, pR0 296-97 7 caudharI, gulAbacandra, pu0ni0, pR0 201, 295

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna musalamAna yAtriyoM, bhaugolikoM (mArkopolo) ke vRttAntoM evaM gujarAta ke prabandha kAvyoM meM ullekha hai ki madhyayuga meM gujarAta meM kRSi, vyavasAya, vyApAra evaM vANijya pUrNataH vikasita thaa| pUrvI evaM pazcimI dezoM ke sAtha gujarAta kA vyApAra thaa| bhar3auca, kaibe aura somanAtha gujarAta ke tIna mahatvapUrNa baMdaragAha the jinake kAraNa isa kSetra kA bidezoM se hone vAle vyApAra para prabhAva thaa|' rAjasthAna jaina dharma evaM kalA kI dRSTi se dUsarA mahatvapUrNa kSetra rAjasthAna thA, jahAM jaina dharma ko adhikAMza rAjavaMzoM kA samarthana milA / AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka rAjasthAna aura gujarAta rAjanItika dRSTi se paryApta sImA taka eka dUsare se sambaddha the| gurjara-pratihAra evaM caulukya zAsakoM kI rAjanItika gatividhiyAM donoM hI rAjyoM se sambaddha thiiN| isI kAraNa donoM rAjyoM kA jaina dharma evaM kalA ko yogadAna tathA donoM kSetroM meM hone vAlA inakA vikAsa lagabhaga samAna rhaa| gurjara-pratihAra zAsakoM kA jaina dharma ko samarthana prApta thaa| jaina paramparA meM satyapura (saMcora) evaM koraNaTa (korta) ke mahAvIra mandiroM ke nirmANa kA zreya nAgabhaTa prathama ko diyA gayA hai| osiyA ke jaina mandira ke 956 I0 ke lekha meM vatsarAja (770-800I0) kA ullekha hai, jisake zAsanakAla meM yaha mandira vidyamAna thA / mihirabhoja ne jaina AcAryoM, nannasari evaM govindasUri, ke prabhAva meM jaina dharma ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| maNDora ke pratihAra zAsaka kakkuka (861 I0) ne rohimsakUpa meM eka jina mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| prArambhika cAhamAna zAsakoM kA jaina dharma se sambandha spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu paravartI cAhamAna zAsaka nizcita hI jaina dharma ke prati udAra the| pRthvIrAja prathama ne raNathambhora ke jaina mandira para tathA ajayarAja ne ajamera ke pArzvanAtha mandira para kalaza sthApita kraayaa| ajayarAja dharmaghoSasUri (zvetAmbara) evaM guNacandra (digambara) ke madhya hue zAstrArtha meM nirNAyaka bhI thaa| arNorAja ne pArzvanAtha ke eka vizAla mandira ke lie bhUmi dI aura jinadattasari ko sammAnita kiyaa| bijoliyA ke lekha (1169 I0) meM pRthvIrAja dvitIya evaM somezvara dvArA pArzvanAtha mandira ke lie do grAmoM ke dAna dene kA ullekha hai| nADola ke cAhamAna zAsakoM ke samaya meM nADola meM neminAtha, zAntinAtha evaM padmaprabha mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| sevAr3I (jodhapura) ke mahAvIra mandira ke lekha (1115 I0) meM kaTukarAja ke zAntinAtha ke pUjana hetu vArSika anudAna dene kA ullekha hai| kIrtipAla ne naDDulaDAgikA (nADlaI) ke mahAvIra mandira ko 1160 I0 meM dAna diyaa| kIrtipAla ke putroM, lakhanapAla evaM abhayapAla; ne rAnI mahIbalAdevI ke sAtha zAntinAtha kA mahotsava manAne ke lie dAna diyA thaa| nAilAI ke AdinAtha mandira ke eka lekha (1132 I0) meM rAyapAla ke do putroM, rudrapAla aura amRtapAla ke apanI mAtA 1 majUmadAra, e0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 265; gopAla, ela0, di IkanAmika lAIpha oNva nArdarna iNDiyA, vArANasI, 1965, pR0 142, 148; jaina, je0 so0, pU0ni0, pR. 331 2 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 294-95 3 nAhara, pI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 192-94, lekha saM0 788; bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, 'di Tempalsa oNva osiyA', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1908-09, pR0 108 4 zarmA, dazaratha, rAjasthAna tha di ejeja, khaM0 1, bIkAnera, 1966, pR0 420 5 jaina, ke0 sI0, jainijama ina rAjasthAna, zolApura, 1963, pR0 19 6 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 26, pR0 102; joharApurakara, vidyAdhara (saM0), jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 4, vArANasI, mahAvIra nirvANa saM0 2491, pR0 196 7 caudharI, gulAbacandra, pU0ni0, pR0 151 8 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 295-96 9 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 9, pR0 49-51

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] mAnaladevI ke sAtha mandira ko dAna dene kA ullekha hai| kelhaNa (1161-92 I.) ke zAsanakAla ke 6 jaina abhilekhoM meM bhI vibhinna jaina mandiroM ko die gae dAnoM kA ullekha hai| kelhaNa kI mAtA ne bhI mahAvIra mandira ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| paramAra zAsakoM ne bhI jaina dharma evaM kalA ko saMrakSaNa diyaa| kRSNarAja ke zAsanakAla meM eka goSTI dvArA vardhamAna kI mUrti sthApita kI gii| dhArAvarSa kI rAnI zRMgAra devI ne jhAloDI ke mahAvIra mandira ko bhUmidAna diyA / kuMkaNa (sambhavataH AbU ke paramAra, zAsaka araNyarAja kA mantrI) ne candrAvatI meM kisI jina mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| guhila zAsaka allaTa ke eka mantrI ne AghATa (ahAra) meM pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa krvaayaa| jaina dharma ko hastikuNDI ke rASTrakUTa zAsakoM kA bhI samarthana prApta thaa| harivarmana ke putra vidagdharAja ne hastikUNDI meM RSabhadeva kA mandira banavAyA aura use bhUmidAna kiyaa| usake putra evaM pautra mammaTa tathA dhavala ne bhI isa mandira ko dAna diyaa|" bayAnA ke zUrasena zAsaka kumArapAla ne zAntinAtha mandira (1154I0) ke zikhara para svarNakalaza sthApita kiyA thaa| zUrasena zAsakoM ne pradyumnasUri, dhanezvarasUri evaM durgadeva jaise jaina AcAryoM kA sammAna bhI kiyA thaa| jaisalamera rAjya kI rAjadhAnI lodravA ke zAsaka sAgara ke samaya meM jinezvarasUri vahAM (994 I0) padhAre the aura sAgara ke do putroM. zrIdhara evaM rAjadhara ne vahAM eka pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA thaa| ___ zAsakoM ke atirikta udyotanasUri, bappamaTTisUri, haribhadrasUri, siddharSisUri, jinezvarasUri, dhanezvarasUri, abhayadeva, AzAdhara, jinadattasUri, jinapAla aura sumatigaNi jaise jaina AcAryoM ne bhI jaina dharma ke pracAra aura prasAra meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thaa| rAjasthAna meM vyApAra kAphI samunnata sthiti meM thaa| rAjasthAna se sambandhita sabhI pramukha vaNika vaMzoM ne jinakA mukhya vyavasAya vyApAra thA, jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thA / jaina dharma svIkAra karanevAle vaNika vaMzoM meM AbU ke pUrvI kSetra ke prAgvAT (poravAr3a), ukeza (osiyA) ke ukezavAla (osavAla), bhinnamAla (zrImAla) ke zrImAlI, pallikA (pAlI) ke pallivAla, moraDheraka (moDherA) ke moDha evaM gurjara mukhya haiN|' abhilekhika sAkSyoM se vyApAriyoM evaM unakI goSThiyoM ke bhI jaina dharma evaM kalA ko saMrakSaNa pradAna karane kI puSTi hotI hai| osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke lekha meM mandira kI goSThI kA ullekha hai| lekha meM jinadaka nAma ke vyApArI dvArA 996 I0 meM balAnaka ke punaruddhAra karAne kI bhI carcA hai| bIjApura lekha (10vIM zatI I0) se hastikuNDI kI goSThI dvArA sthAnIya RSabhadeva mandira ke punaruddhAra karavAne kA jJAna hotA hai| diyANA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke lekha (967I0) meM eka 1 epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 11, pR0 34; jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 4, pR0 159 2 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 9, pR0 46-49 3 jayantavijaya (saM0), arbuda prAcIna jaina lekha sandoha, bhAga 5, mAvanagara, vi0sa02005, pR0168, lekha saM0486 4 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, 10 298 5 nAhara, pI0 sI0, pU0ni0, lekha saM0898 6 jaina, ke0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 28 7 nAhara, pI0 sI0, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 3, 1929, pR0 160, lekha saM0 2543 8 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 298 9 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, A0sa0I0ai0ri0, 1908-09, pR0108; nAhara, pI0 sI0,jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, pR0 192-94 10 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 10, pR0 17 aura Age, lekha saM0 5; nAhara, pI0 sI0, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, pR0 233, lekha saM0 898

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26 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna goSThI dvArA vardhamAna kI pratimA ke pratiSThita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / ' arthuNA ke eka lekha (1109 I0) meM ullekha hai ki vahAM nagara mahAjana bhUSaNa ne RSabhanAtha ke mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA / jAlora ke eka lekha (1182 I0) meM apane bhAI evaM goSThI ke sadasyoM ke sAtha zrImAlavaMza ke seTha yazovIra dvArA eka maNDapa ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai / jAlora ke eka anya lekha (1185 I0) se jJAta hotA hai ki bhaNDAri yazovIra ne kumArapAla nirmita pArzvanAtha mandira kA punarnirmANa karavAyA / 3 rAjasthAna uttara bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM se sthala mArga se sambaddha thA, jo vyApAra kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa thA 13 rAjasthAna ke vyApArI deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke atirikta videzoM ke sAtha bhI vyApAra karate the / rAjasthAna ke sAhitya meM do bandaragAhoM, zUrpAraka ( Adhunika sopArA) aura tAmralipti ( Adhunika tAmaluka) kA anekazaH ullekha prApta hotA hai, jahAM se rAjasthAna ke vyApArI svarNadvIpa, cIna, jAvA jaise dezoM meM vyApAra ke lie jAte the / uttara pradeza uttara pradeza meM jaina dharmaM ko rAjakIya samarthana ke kucha pramANa kevala devagar3ha se hI prApta hote haiM / devagar3ha ke mandira 12 ( zAntinAtha mandira) ke ardhamaNDapa ke eka stambha lekha (862 I0) meM pratihAra zAsaka bhojadeva ke zAsana kAla aura luacchagiri (devagar3ha) ke zAsaka mahAsAmanta viSNurAma kA ullekha hai / " lekha meM 'goSTika - vajuAgagAka' kA bhI nAma hai, jo mandira kI vyavasthApaka samiti kA sadasya thA / 994 I0 evaM 1153 I0 ke devagar3ha ke do anya lekhoM meM kramazaH 'zrIujaravaTa-rAjye' evaM 'mahAsAmanta zrI udayapAladeva' ke ullekha prApta hote haiM, jinake viSaya meM kucha bhI jAnakArI nahIM hai / devagar3ha ke vibhinna lekhoM se spaSTa hai ki vahAM ke adhikatara mandira evaM mUrtiyAM madhyamavarga ke logoM ke dAna evaM sahayoga ke pratiphala haiM / vyApAra kI dRSTi se bhI devagar3ha kA mahatva spaSTa nahIM hai / kintu 400 varSoM taka lagAtAra prabhUta saMkhyA meM nirmita hone vAlI jaina mUrtiyAM kSetra kI acchI Arthika sthiti aura devagar3ha ke dhArmika mahatva kI sUcaka haiN| yahAM ke lekhoM meM digambara sampradAya ke kucha mahatvapUrNa AcAryoM (vasantakIrti, vizAlakIrti, zubhakIrti) tathA kucha aise AcAryoM ke nAma jo jaina paramparA meM ajJAta haiM, prApta hote haiM / kucha pramukha jaina sthaloM kI vyApArika pRSThabhUmi kA jJAna bhI apekSita hai / pramukha nagara hone ke atirikta kauzAmbI, zrAvastI, mathurA evaM vArANasI kI sthiti vyApArika mArga para thI / bhar3auca se AnevAle mArga ke kAraNa kauzAmbI kA vizeSa vyApArika mahatva thA / 7 kauzAmbI se kozala aura magadha tathA mAhiSmatI ke mAdhyama se dakSiNApatha evaM vidizA ko mArga jAte the / jaina paramparA ke anusAra pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, AryaM suhasti tathA mahAgiri ne kauzAmbI ( vatsa ) kI yAtrA kI thI / zrAvastI bhI vyApArika mahatva kI nagarI thI / " madhya pradeza madhya pradeza meM vyApArika samRddhi ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa ke sAtha hI vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke dharma sahiSNu zAsakoM dvArA diyA gayA samarthana bhI jaina dharma ko prApta thA / pratihAra zAsakoM ke kAla meM hI dasavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha meM gyArasapura meM mAlAdevI jaina mandira nirmita huA / paramAra zAsakoM ke jaina dharma ke prazrayadAtA hone kI puSTi dhanapAla, dhanezvara sUri, amitagati, prabhAcandra, zAntiSeNa, rAjavallabha, zubhazIla, mahendrasUri jaise jaina AcAryoM ke unake darabAra meM hone se hotI hai / 1 jayantavijaya (saM0), arbuda prAcIna jaina lekha sandoha, bhAga 5, pR0 168, lekha saM0 486 2 epi0 iNDi0, kha0 11 pR0 52-54 3 motI candra, pU0ni0, pR0 23 4 zarmA, dazaratha, pU0ni0, pR0 492; gopAla, ela0, pU0ni0, pR0 91 zarmA, brajendranAtha, pU0ni0, pR0 149 5 epi0 iNDi0, khaM04, pR0 309-10 6 ji0i0 de0, pR0 61 8 jaina, je0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 254 " 7 motIcandra, pU0ni0, pR0 15-17, 24 9 motIcandra, pU0ni0, pR0 17-18

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rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ] zaiva dharmAvalambI hone ke bAda bhI bhoja (1010-1062 I.) ne jaina dharma evaM sAhitya ko saMrakSaNa diyA thaa| bhoja ne jaina AcArya prabhAcandra ke caraNoM kI vandanA kI thii| khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM (pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI, AdinAtha) ke atirikta candela rAjya meM sarvatra prApta hone vAlI jaina mUrtiyAM evaM mandira bhI unake jaina dharma ke prati udAra dRSTikoNa kI puSTi karate haiN| dhaMga ke mahArAjaguru vAsavacandra jaina the|2 jaina dharma ko gvAliyara evaM dubakuNDa ke kacchapaghATa zAsakoM kA bhI samarthana prApta thaa| vajradAmana ne 977 I0 meM gvAliyara meM eka jaina mUrti pratiSThita karAI / dubakuNDa ke eka jaina lekha (1088 I0) meM vikramasiMha dvArA vahAM ke eka jaina mandira ko die gae dAna kA ullekha hai| kalcarI zAsakoM ke jaina dharma ke samarthana se sambandhita kevala eka lekha baharibandha se prApta hotA hai, jisameM gayAkarNa ke rAjya meM sarvadhara ke putra mahAbhoja (?) dvArA zAntinAtha ke mandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| deza ke madhya meM isa kSetra kI sthiti vyApAra kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa thii| lagabhaga sabhI kSetroM ke vyApArI isa va se hokara dUsare pradezoM ko jAte the| vyApAriyoM ne jaina mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM pUrA yogadAna diyA thaa| khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ko pAMca bATikAoM kA dAna dene vAlA vyApArI pAhilla zreSThI dedU kA putra thA / ' dubakuNDa jaina lekha (1088 I0) meM do jaina vyApAriyoM, RSi evaM dAhada kI vaMzAvalI dI hai, jinheM vikramasiMha ne zreSThI kI upAdhi dI thii| dAhada ne vizAla jaina mandira kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA thaa| khajurAho ke eka mUrti lekha (1075 I0) meM zreSThI bIvanazAha kI bhAryA padmAvatI dvArA AdinAtha kI mUrti sthApita karAne kA ullekha hai| khajurAho ke 1148 I0 ke eka 3.nya mUrti lekha meM zreSThI pANidhara ke putroM, trivikrama, AlhaNa tathA lakSmIdhara ke nAmoM kA", tathA 1158 I0 ke eka tIsare lekha meM pAhilla ke vaMzaja evaM grahapati kula ke sAdhu sAlhe dvArA sambhavanAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai| paramadi ke zAsanakAla ke ahAr3a lekha (1180 I0) meM grahapati vaMza ke jaina vyApArI jAhada kI vaMzAvalI dI hai| jAhada ne madanezasAgarapura ke mandira meM vizAla zAMtinAtha' pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| dhubelA saMgrahAlaya kI eka neminAtha mUrti (kramAMka : 7) ke lekha (1142 I0) se jJAta hotA hai ki mUrti kI sthApanA zreSThI kula ke malhaNa dvArA huI thii| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla madhyayuga meM jainadharma ko bihAra meM kisI bhI prakAra kA zAsakIya samarthana nahIM milA, jisakA pramukha kAraNa pAloM kA prabala bauddha dharmAvalambI honA thaa| isI kAraNa isa kSetra meM rAjagira ke atirikta koI dUsarA viziSTa evaM lambe itihAsa vAlA kalA kendra sthApita nahIM huaa| jinoM kI janmasthalI aura bhramaNasthalI hone ke kAraNa rAjagira pavitra mAnA gyaa|11 pATaliputra (paTanA) ke samIpa rAjagira kI sthiti bhI vyApAra kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa thii|12 rAjagira vyApArika mArgoM se vArANasI, mathurA, ujjaina, cedi, zrAvastI aura gujarAta se sambaddha thaa| 1 bhATiyA, pratipAla, di paramAraja, dillI, 1970, pR0 267-72; caudharI, gulAbacandra, pU0ni0, pR0 94, 2 jenAsa, I0 tathA Aboyara, je0, khajurAho, hega, 1960, pR0 61 3 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 232-40 4 mirAzI, vI0vI0, kA0I0I0, khaM0 4, bhAga 1, pR0 161 5 vijayamUrti (saM0), jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 3, baMbaI, 1957, pR0 108 6 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 237-40 7 zAstrI, paramAnanda jaina, 'madhya bhArata kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 1-2, pR0 57 8 vijayamUrti (saM0), jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 3, pR0 79 9 vahI, pR0 108 10 caudharI, gulAbacandra, pU0ni0, pR0 70 11 jaina, je0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 326-27 12 gopAla, ela0, pU0ni0, pR0 91

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2 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna hvenasAMga ne kaliMga meM jaina dharma kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha kiyA hai, kintu khAravela ke pazcAt kezarI vaMza ke udyotakezarI (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) ke atirikta kisI anya zAsaka ne jaina dharma ko spaSTa saMrakSaNa yA samarthana nahIM diyaa| para prAcIna paramparA evaM vyApArika pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa la. AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka jaina dharma uDIsA meM (vizeSakara udayagiri-khaNDagiri guphAoM meM) jIvita rahA jisakI sAkSI vibhinna kSetroM se prApta honevAlI jaina murtiyAM haiN| udyota kezarI ke lalitendu kezarI guphA (yA sindharAjA guphA) lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usane kumAra parvata (khaNDagiri kA purAnA nAma) para khaNDita tAlAboM evaM mandiroM kA punanirmANa karavA kara 24 jinoM kI matiyAM sthApita krvaaii| lekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usa kSetra meM dhArmika niyamoM kA kaThoratA se pAlana karane vAle aneka jaina sAdhU rahate the / kaTaka jile meM jAjapura sthita akhaMDalezvara mandira evaM maitraka mandira samUha meM surakSita jaina mUrtiyAM pramANita karatI haiM ki isa zAkta kSetra meM bhI jaina dharma lokapriya thaa| purI jile meM sthita udayagiri-khaNDagiri kI jaina guphAoM ke nirmANa kI vyApArika pRSThabhUmi bhI thii| jaina graMthoM meM purimA yA puriyA (purI) kA vyApAra ke kendra ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / prastuta adhyayana meM baMgAla, vibhAjana ke pUrva ke baMgAla kA sUcaka hai| sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda baMgAla meM jaina dharma kI sthiti ko sUcanA dene vAle sAhityika evaM abhilekhika sAkSya nahIM prApta hote / phira bhI vibhinna kSetroM se prApta hone vAlI murtiyAM jaina dharma kI vidyamAnatA pramANita karatI haiN| bauddha dharmAvalaMbI pAla zAsakoM ke kAraNa baMgAla meM jaina dharma kA parAbhava haa| para jaina graMtha bappabhaTTicarita meM eka sthala para ullekha hai ki vidyA ke mahAna premI dharmapAla ne bauddha vidvAnoM evaM AcAryoM ke atirikta hindU evaM jaina vidvAnoM kA bhI sammAna kiyA thaa| jaina AcArya bappabhaTTi kA usake darabAra meM sammAna thaa| baMgAla kA paryApta vyApArika mahatva bhI thaa| vyApAra ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa hI rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM bhI jaina dharma baMgAla meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM bArahavIM zatI I. taka vidyamAna rhaa| tAmralipti pramukha sAmudrika bandaragAhoM meM se thaa| 1 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 13, pR0 165-66, lekha saM0 16; jai0zi0saM0, bhAga 4, pR0 93 2 jaina, je0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 325 3 prabhAvaka carita, pR0 94-97; caudharI, gulAbacandra, pU0ni0, pR0 56 4 jaina, je0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 342; gopAla, ela0, pU0ni0, pR0 126

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tRtIya adhyAya jaina devakula kA vikAsa bhAratIya kalA tatvataH dhArmika hai / ataH sambandhita dharma yA sampradAya meM hone vAle parivartanoM athavA vikAsa se zilpa kI viSayavastu meM bhI parivartana hae haiN| pratimAvijJAna dharma se sambaddha mAnavetara viziSTa vyaktiyoM-devI-devatAoM, zalAkA-puruSoM (mithakoM meM varNita janoM) ke svarUpa evaM svarUpagata vikAsa kA aitihAsika adhyayana hai| isa adhyayana ke do pakSa haiM-zAstra-pakSa evaM kalA-pakSa / zAstra-pakSa dhArmika evaM anya sAhitya meM varNita svarUpoM ko vivecanA se, tathA kalA-pakSa kalAvazeSoM meM prApta mUrta svarUpoM ke adhyayana se sambaddha haiN| isI dRSTi se pratimAvijJAna 'dhArmika kalA ke vyAkhyA pakSa' se sambandhita hai / jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se jaina sAhitya meM prApta jaina devakula ke kramika vikAsa kA jJAna nitAnta Avazyaka hai| prastuta adhyayana meM jaina sAhitya kA avagAhana kara jaina devakula ke kramika vikAsa kA nirUpaNa evaM jaina devakUla meM samaya-samaya para hue parivartanoM aura navIna devoM ke Agamana ke kAraNoM ke udghATana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isake atirikta sAhitya meM prApta jaina devakUla kA vikAsa kalA meM kisa prakAra aura kahAM taka samAhita kiyA gayA, isa para bhI saMkSepa meM dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai / kAlakrama kI dRSTi se yaha adhyayana do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama bhAga kI srotasAmagrI pAMcavIM zatI I0 taka kA prArambhika jaina sAhitya hai aura dUsare bhAga kA AdhAra 12 vIM zatI I0 taka kA paravartI jaina sAhitya hai| (ka) prArambhika kAla (prArambha se pAMcavIM zatI I0 taka) prArambhika jaina sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke samaya (la. chaThI zatI I0pU0) se pAMcavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka ke graMtha sammilita haiN| prArambhika jaina graMthoM kI sImA pAMcavIM zatI I0 taka do dRSTiyoM se rakhI gayI hai| prathamataH jaina dharma ke sabhI grantha la0 pAMcavIM zatI I0 ke madhya yA chaThI zatI I0 ke prArambha meM devaddhigaNi-kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM valabhI (gujarAta) vAcana meM lipibaddha kiye gaye / dUsare, ina granthoM meM jaina devakula kI kevala sAmAnya dhAraNA hI pratipAdita hai| Agama grantha jainoM ke prAcInatama grantha haiN| upalabdha Agama granthoM ke prAcInatama aMza la0 cauthI zatI I0pU0 ke anta aura tosarI zatI I0pU0 ke prArambha ke haiN| kAphI samaya taka zrRta paramparA meM surakSita rahane ke kAraNa kAlakrama ke sAtha ina prArambhika Agama granthoM meM prakSepoM ke rUpa meM navIna sAmagrI jur3atI gii| isakI puSTi bhagavatIsUtra (pAMcavAM aMga) meM pAMcavIM zatI I05, rAyapaseNiya (rAjapraznIya-dUsarA upAMga) meM kuSANa kAlIna aura aMgavijjA meM kuSANa-gupta sandhi 1 banarjI, je0 ena0, di DIvelapmeNTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 2 2 mahAvIra nirvANa ke 980 yA 993 varSa bAda (454 yA 514I0) : draSTavya, jaikobI, eca0, jaina sUtraja, bhAga 1, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaM0 22, dillI, 1973 (pu0ma0), prastAvanA, pR037; viNTaranitja, ema0, e hisTrI oNba iNDiyana liTrecara, khaM0 2, kalakattA, 1933, pR0 432 3 isameM dvAdaza aMgoM ke atirikta 12 upAMga, 4 cheda, 4 mUla aura 1 Avazyaka grantha sammilita the| mahAvIra ke mUla upadezoM kA saMkalana dvAdaza aMgoM meM thA (samavAyAMgasUtra 1 aura 136) / 4 jaikobI, eca0, pU0ni0, pR0 37-44; viNTaranitja, ema0, pU0ni0, pR0 434 5 sikdara, je0 sI0, sTaDIja ina di bhagavatI sUtra, mujaphpharapura, 1964, pR0 32-38 6 zarmA, Ara0 sI0, 'ArTa DeTA ina rAyapaseNiya', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 38

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna kAlIna sAmagriyoM kI prApti se hotI hai| jahAM zvetAmbaroM ne AgamoM ko saMkalita kara yathAzakti surakSita rakhane kA yatna kiyA vahIM digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda (156 I0) AgamoM kA maulika svarUpa vilupta ho gyaa| ___ Agama sAhitya ke atirikta kalpasUtra aura paumacariya bhI prArambhika grantha haiN| jaina paramparA meM kalpasUtra ke kartA bhadrabAhu kI mRtyu kA samaya mahAvIra nirvANa ke 170 varSa bAda (I0 pU0 357) hai|3 para grantha kI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yU0 pI0 zAha ise tIsarI zatI I0 ke kucha pahale kI racanA mAnate haiN|4 paumacariya ke kartA vimalasUri ke anusAra paumacariya kI tithi 4 I0 (mahAvIra nirvANa ke 530 varSa bAda) hai| grantha kI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para jaikobI ise tIsarI zatI I0 kI racanA mAnate haiN| caubIsa jinoM kI dhAraNA caubIsa jinoM kI dhAraNA jaina dharma kI dhurI hai| jaina devakula ke anya devoM kI kalpanA sAmAnyataH inhIM jinoM se sambaddha evaM unake sahAyaka rUpa meM huI hai| jinoM ko devAdhideva aura indra Adi devoM ke madhya vandanIya hone ke kAraNa zreSTha kahA gayA hai| jinoM ko Izvara kA avatAra yA aMza nahIM mAnA gayA hai| inakA jIva bhI atIta meM sAmAnya vyakti kI taraha hI vAsanA aura karma bandhana meM lipta thA, para Atma manana, sAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA ke pariNAmasvarUpa usane karmabandhana se mukta hokara kevala-jJAna kI prApti kii| karma evaM vAsanA para vijaya prApti ke kAraNa inheM 'jina' kahA gayA, jisakA zAbdika artha vijetA hai / kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammilita tIrtha kI sthApanA karane ke kAraNa inheM 'tIrthaMkara' bhI kahA gayA / jinoM evaM anya mukta AtmAoM meM Antarika dRSTi se koI bheda nahIM hai| sAmAnya mukta AtmAeM kevala svayaM ko hI mukta karatI haiM, ve jinoM ke samAna dharma pracAraka nahIM hotii| vidvAn 24 jinoM meM kevala antima do jinoM, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra (yA vardhamAna) ko hI aitihAsika mAnate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (adhyAya 23) meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke do ziSyoM, kesI aura gautama, ke madhya jaina saMgha ke sambandha meM hue vArtAlApa kA ullekha tathA mahAvIra kI yaha ukti ki 'jo kucha pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzva ne kahA hai maiM vahI kaha rahA hUM', pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karate haiN| 24 jinoM kI prAcInatama sUcI samprati samavAyAMgasUtra (cauthA aMga) meM prApta hotI hai| isa sUcI meM RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinaMdana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArzva, candraprabha, suvidhi (puSpadanta), zItala, zreyAMza, vAsupUjya, vimala, anaMta, dharma, zAnti, kuMthu, ara, malli, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pArzva evaM vardhamAna ke nAma haiM / isa sUcI ko hI kAlAntara meM 0 1 aMgavijjA, saM0 munipuNyavijaya, banArasa,1957, pR057 2 viNTaranitja, ema0, pU0ni0, pR0 433 .3 vartamAna kalpasUtra meM tIna alaga-alaga anthoM ko eka sAtha saMkalita kiyA gayA hai, jina sabakA kartA bhadrabAha ko nahIM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA-viNTaranitja, ema0, pU0ni0, pR0 462 4 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 3 5 paumacariya, bhAga 1, saM0 eca0 jaikobI, vArANasI, 1962, pR0 8 6 samavAyAMga sUtra 18, paumacariya 1.1-2, 38-42 7 hastImala, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaM0 1, jayapura, 1971, 1046-47 . 8 jaikobI, eca0,jaina sUtraja, bhAga 2, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa,khaM0 45, dillI,1973 (pu0ma0), pR0119-29 9 vyAkhyA prajJapti 5.9.227 10 jambuddIve NaM dIve mArahe vAse imIse NaM osappiNAe cauvIsaM titthagarA hotthA, taM jahA-usama, ajiya, sambhava, abhinandaNa, sumaha, paumappaha, supAsa, candappaha, suvihipupphadaMta, sAyala, sijjaMsa, vAsupujja, vimala, ananta, dhamma, santi, kuMthu, ara, malli, munisuvvaya, Nami, mi, pAsa, vaDDamANoya / samavAyAMgasUtra 157 .

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] 31 isI rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| bhagavatIsUtra ( 5vAM aMga ), ' kalpasUtra, 2 caturviMzatistava ( yA logassasutta - madrabAhukRta) u evaM paumacariya meM bhI 24 jinoM kI sUcI prApta hotI hai| isake atirikta bhagavatIsUtra meM munisuvrata, nAyAdhammakahAo meM nArI tIrthaMkara mallinAtha" evaM kalpasUtra meM RSabha, nemi (ariSTanemi), pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ke vistRta ullekha haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra ( tIsarA aMga ) meM jinoM ke varNoM ke sandarbha meM padmaprabha, vAsupUjya, candraprabha, puSpadanta, mallinAtha, munisuvrata, ariSTanemi evaM pArzva ke ullekha haiM / samavAyAMga, bhagavatI evaM kalpa sUtroM aura catuviMzatistava jaise prArambhika granthoM meM prApta 24 jinoM kI sUcI ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 24 jinoM kI sUcI IsavI san ke prArambha ke pUrva hI nirdhArita ho cukI thI / prArambhika jaina granthoM meM jahAM 24 jinoM kI sUcI evaM unase sambandhita kucha anya ullekha anekazaH prApta hote haiM, vahIM jina mUrtiyoM se sambandhita ullekha kevala rAjapraznIya evaM paumacariya' meM haiM / mathurA meM kuSANa kAla meM jina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / yahAM se RSabha, 10 sambhava, 11 munisuvrata, 12 nemi 3, pArzva evaM mahAvIra 15 jinoM kI kuSANakAlIna mUrtiyAM prApta hotI haiM ( citra 16, 30, 34) / 16 zalAkA-puruSa prArambhika graMthoM meM 24 jinoM ke atirikta anya zalAkA 17 ( yA uttama ) puruSoM kA bhI ullekha hai / jinoM sahita inakI kula saMkhyA tirasaTha hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM ullekha hai ki jambUdvIpa meM pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI yuga meM arhanta 2 kalpasUtra 2, 184-203 1 bhagavatIsUtra 20.8.58-59, 16, 5 3 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 3 4 paumacariya 1.17, 5.145-48 : caMdraprabha evaM suvidhinAtha kI vaMdanA kramazaH zaziprabha evaM kusumadaMta nAmoM se hai / 5 grantha meM 19veM jina mallinAtha ko nArI rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yaha paramparA kevala zvetAmbaroM meM hI mAnya hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM nArI ko kaivalya prApti kI adhikAriNI nahIM mAnA gayA hai - viNTaranitja, ema0 pu0ni0, pR0 447-48 6 kalpasUtra 1 - 183, 204-27 : jJAtavya hai ki mathurA ke kuSANa zilpa meM kalpasUtra meM vistAra se varNita RSabha, nemi, pAva evaM mahAvIra jinoM kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM nirmita huIM / 7 sthAnAMgasUtra 51 8 zarmA, Ara0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 41 9 paumacariya 11.2-3, 28.38-39, 33.89 10 RSabha sadaiva laTakatI kezAvali se zobhita haiM ( kalpasUtra 195 ) / tIna udAharaNoM meM mUrti lekhoM meM 'RSabha' nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / 11 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU--- je 19; eka mUrti kA ullekha yU0 pI0 zAha ne bhI kiyA hai, saM0pu0pa0, aM09, pR06 12 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-- je 20 13 cAra udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha balarAma evaM kRSNa AmUrtita haiM aura eka meM ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 8 ) 'ariSTanemi' utkIrNa hai / 14 pArzva sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM ( paumacariya 1.6 ) / 15 pIThikA lekhoM meM 'vardhamAna' nAma se yukta 6 mahAvIra mUrtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM saMkalita haiM / 16 jyotiprasAda jaina ne mathurA se prApta evaM kuSANa saMvat ke chaTheM varSa ( = 84 I0 ) meM tithyaMkita eka sumatinAtha ( 5veM jina) mUrti kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai--jaina, jyotiprasAda, di jaina sorseja oNva dI hisTrI oNva ainzaNTa iNDiyA, dillI, 1964, pR0 268 17 ve mahAn AtmAeM jinakA mokSa prApta karanA nizcita hai /

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32 ( jina), cakravartI, baladeva aura vAsudeva uttama puruSa utpanna hue / baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva ke ullekha haiM; para uttama 9 prativAsudevoM ko uttama puruSoM meM nahIM sammilita kiyA gayA hai kA ullekha hai, kintu yahAM inakI saMkhyA nahIM dI gaI hai / / [ jaina pratimAvijJAna samavAyAMgasUtra meM 24 jinoM ke sAtha 12 cakravartI, 9 puruSoM kI saMkhyA 63 ke sthAna para 54 hI kahI gaI / kalpasUtra meM bhI tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, baladeva evaM vAsudeva 63 - zalAkA-puruSoM kI pUrI sUcI sarvaprathama paumacariya meM prApta hotI hai / isameM 24 jinoM ke atirikta 12 cakravartI" (bharata, sAgara, maghavA, sanatkumAra, zAnti, kuMthu, ara, subhUma, padma, hariSeNa, jayasena, brahmadatta), 9 baladeva ( acala, vijaya, bhadra, suprabha, sudarzana, Ananda, nandana, padma yA rAma, balarAma ), 9 vAsudeva ( tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayaMbhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puruSa puNDarIkaM, datta, nArAyaNa yA lakSmaNa, kRSNa ), aura 9 prativAsudeva (azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, nizumbha, madhukaiTabha, bali, prahalAda, rAvaNa, jarAsandha ) sammilita haiM / isa sUcI ko hI kAlAntara meM binA kisI parivartana ke svIkAra kiyA gayA / jaina zilpa meM sabhI 63 - zalAkA-puruSoM kA nirUpaNa kabhI bhI lokapriya nahIM rahA / kuSANakAlIna jaina zilpa meM kevala kRSNa aura balarAma nirUpita hue / inheM neminAtha ke pArzvo meM AmUrtita kiyA gayA / madhyayuga meM kRSNa evaM balarAma ke atirikta rAma aura bharata cakravartI (citra 70) ke bhI mUrta citraNoM ke kucha udAharaNa prApta hote haiM / paumacariya meM rAma-rAvaNa aura bharata cakravartI kI kathA kA vistRta varNana hai / kRSNa-balarAma kRSNa-balarAma 22 veM jina neminAtha ke cacere bhAI haiN| yahAM hindU dharma se bhinna kRSNa-balarAma ko sarvazaktimAna devatA ke rUpa meM na mAnakara bala, jJAna evaM buddhi meM neminAtha se hIna batAyA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( la0 cauthI-tIsarI zatI I0 pU0) 7 ke rathanemi zIrSaka 22 veM adhyAya meM kRSNa se sambandhita kucha ullekha haiM / sauryapura nagara meM vasudeva aura samudravijaya do zaktizAlI rAjakumAra the / vasudeva kI rohiNI aura devakI nAma kI do patniyAM thIM, jinase kramazaH rAma (balarAma) aura kezava (kRSNa) utpanna hue / samudravijaya kI patnI zivA se ariSTanemi (neminAtha yA rathanemi ) utpanna hue | kezava ne eka zaktizAlI zAsaka kI putrI rAjImatI ke sAtha ariSTanemi kA vivAha nizcita kiyA / para vivAha ke pUrva ho rathanemi ne raivataka ( giranAra ) parvata para dIkSA grahaNa kI, jahAM rAma aura kezava ne ariSTanemi ke prati zraddhA vyakta kI / uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke vivaraNa ko hI kAlAntara meM sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke jaina granthoM (harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa - puSpadaMtakRta, triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra ) meM vistAra se prastuta kiyA gayA / nAyAdhammakahAo meM bhI kRSNa se sambandhita ullekha haiM, jo mukhyataH pANDavoM kI kathA se sambandhita hai / antagaDdasAo ( 8vAM aMga ) meM kRSNa se sambandhita ullekha dvAravatI 1 sthAnAMgasUtra 22 2 grantha meM kevala 24 jinoM evaM 12 cakravartiyoM kI hI sUcI hai / anya ke lie mAtra itanA ullekha hai ki tripRSTha se kRSNa taka 9 vAsudeva aura acala se rAma taka nau baladeva hoMge / samavAyAMgasUtra 132, 158, 207 3 kalpasUtra 17 : ''''arahantA vA cakkavaTTI vA baladevA vA vAsudevA" 4 paumacariya 5. 145-57 5 12 cakravartiyoM kI sUcI meM tIna (zAnti, kuMthu, ara) jina bhI sammilita haiM / ye jina eka hI bhava meM jina aura cakravartI donoM hue / / 6 vaizAkhIya, mahendrakumAra, 'kRSNa ina di jaina kenana,' bhAratIya vidyA, khaM0 8, aM0 9-10, pR0 123 7 dozI, becaradAsa, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1966, pR0 55 8 jaikobI, eca0, jaina sUtraja, bhA0 2, pR0 112-19, viNTara nitja, ema0 pu0ni0, pR0 469 9 nAyAdhammakahAo 68

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] (dvArakA) nagara ke vivaraNa ke sandarbha meM prApta hotA hai, jahAM ke zAsaka kRSNa-vAsudeva the / ' grantha meM kRSNa dvArA ariSTanei ke prati zraddhA vyakta karane aura ariSTanemi kI upasthiti meM hI dIkSA lene ke ullekha haiM / gayA thA / lakSmI ina prArambhika ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki IsavI san ke pUrva hI kRSNa-balarAma ko jaina dharma meM sammilita kara liyA jaisA pUrva meM ullekha hai mathurA kI kucha kuSANakAlIna neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM bhI kRSNa-balarAma AmUrtita haiM / jinoM kI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe zubha svapnoM ke ullekha ke sandarbha meM kalpasUtra meM zrI lakSmI kA ullekha hai / zIrSa bhAga meM do gajoM se abhiSikta zrI lakSmI ko padmAsIna aura donoM karoM meM padma dhAraNa kiye nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / 4 bhagavatIsUtra meM eka sthala para lakSmI kI mUrti kA ullekha hai / " jaina zilpa meM lakSmI kA mUrta citraNa la0 navIM zatI I0 ke bAda hI lokapriya huA jisake udAharaNa khajurAho, devagar3ha, osiyA, kuMmAriyA, dilavAr3A Adi sthaloM se prApta hote haiM / sarasvatI prArambhika jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI kA ullekha medhA evaM buddhi ke devatA yA zruta devatA ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtra evaM paumacariya meM buddhi devI kA ullekha zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti aura lakSmI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / aMgavijjA medhA evaM buddhi ke devatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kA ullekha hai / jinoM kI zikSAeM jinavANI Agama yA zruta ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thIM, aura sambhavataH isI kAraNa jaina Agamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI sarasvatI kI bhujA meM pustaka ke pradarzana kI paramparA prArambha huii| jaina zilpa meM sarasvatI kI prAcInatama jJAta mUrti kuSANa kAla (132 I0) kI hai, 1deg jisameM devI kI eka bhujA meM pustaka pradarzita hai / sarasvatI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke jaina granthoM meM vivecita hai / jaina zilpa meM yakSI ambikA evaM cakrezvarI ke bAda sarasvatI hI sarvAdhika lokapriya rahIM / indra 33 jaina paramparA meM indra ko jinoM kA pradhAna sevaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM nAmendra, sthApanendra, dravyendra, jJAnendra, darzanendra, cAritrendra, devendra, asurendra aura manuSyendra Adi kaI indroM ke ullekha haiM / 12 grantha meM yaha bhI ullekha ki jinoM ke janma, dIkSA aura kaivalya prApti ke avasaroM para devendra kA zIghratA se pRthvI para Agamana hotA hai / 13 kalpasUtra meM vajra dhAraNa karanevAle aura airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha zakra kA devatAoM ke rAjA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 14 paumacariya meM 1 viNTaranitja, ema0 pu0ni0, pR0 450-51 antagaDbasAo, saM0 ela0 DI0 barneTa, vArANasI, 1973 ( pu0 mu0 ), pR0 12 aura Age 2 jaikobI, eca, jaina sUtraja, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 31, pA0 Ti0 2 3 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0, 'sama inTaresTiMga jaina skalpacarsa ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU, ' saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 45-52 4 kalpasUtra 37 6 vahI, 11.11.430 8 aMgavijjA - ekANaMsA sirI buddhI medhA kittI sarasvatI evamAdIyAo uvaladdhavvAo bhavanti : adhyAya 58, pR0 223 aura 82 9 jaina, jyotiprasAda, 'jenisisa oNva jaina liTrecara aiNDa di sarasvatI mUvameNTa', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 30-33 10 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 24 11 jaina granthoM meM indra kA devendra aura zakra nAmoM se bhI ullekha hai / 12 sthAnAMgasUtra . 1 13 vahI, sU0 13 5 bhagavatIsUtra 11.11.430 7 paumacariya 3.59 14 kalpasUtra 14

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna indra dvArA jinoM ke janma abhiSeka aura samavasaraNa ke nirmANa ke ullekha haiN| jinoM ke jIvanavRttoM ke aMkana meM gyArahavIMbArahavIM zatI I0 meM indra ko AmUrtita kiyA gyaa| isake udAharaNa osiyA, kuMbhAriyA aura dilavAr3A ke jaina mandiroM meM prApta hote haiN| naigameSI jaina devakula meM ajamukha naigameSI (yA harinaigameSI yA hariNaigameSI) indra ke padAti senA ke senApati haiN| antagaDvasAo evaM kalpasatra meM naigameSI ko bAlakoM ke janma se bhI sambandhita batAyA gayA hai| kalpasatra meM ullekha hai ki zakendra ne mahAvIra ke bhrUNa ko brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthApita karane kA kArya apanI padAti senA ke adhipati hariNagameSI deva ko diyaa|4 antagar3avasAo meM putra prApti ke lie hariNnaigameSI ke pUjana aura prasanna hokara devatA dvArA gale kA hAra dene ke ullekha haiN|" uparyukta paramparA ke kAraNa hI jaina zilpa meM nagameSI ke sAtha lambA hAra evaM bAlaka pradarzita hue / mathurA se naigameSI kI kaI kuSANa kAlIna svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| mathurA se prApta mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa ke dRzya kA citraNa karane vAle eka kuSANa kAlIna phalaka para bhI ajamukha negameSI nirUpita hai (citra 39) / lekha meM "bhagavA nemeso' utkIrNa hai| kuSANa yuga ke bAda naigameSI kI svatantra mUrtiyAM nahIM prApta hotiiN| para jinoM ke janma se sambandhita dRzyoM meM nagameSI kA aMkana zvetAmbara sthaloM para Age bhI lokapriya rahA / yakSa prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM yakSoM ke aneka ullekha haiM / ye upakAra aura apakAra ke kartA mAne gaye haiN| kumArasvAmI ke anusAra yakSoM aura devoM ke bIca koI vizeSa bheda nahIM thA aura yakSa zabda deva kA samAnArthI thaa| pavAyA kI mANibhadra yakSa mUrti (pahalI zatI I0 pU0) bhagavAn ke rUpa meM pUjita thii| jaina granthoM meM bhI yakSoM kA adhikAMzataH deva ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| uttarAdhyayanasatra meM ullekha hai ki saMcita satkarmoM ke prabhAva ko bhogane ke bAda yakSa punaH manuSya rUpa meM janma lete haiN| jaina sAhitya meM bhI yakSoM ke pracura ullekha haiM / '' bhagavatIsUtra meM vaizramaNa ke prati putra ke samAna AjJAkArI 13 yakSoM kI sUcI dI hai / 1 ye punnamadda, mANibhadda, zAlibhadda, sumaNabhadda, cakka, rakkha, puNNarakkha, savvana (sarvaNha ?), savvajasa, samidhdha, amoha, asaMga aura savvakAma haiM / tattvArthasUtra 2 (umAsvAtikRta) meM bhI eka sthala para 13 yakSoM kI sUcI hai / 13 isameM pUrNabhadra, mANibhadra , sumanobhadra, zvetabhadra, haribhadra, vyatipAtikabhadra, subhadra, sarvatobhadra, manuSyayakSa, vanAdhipati, vanAhAra, rUpayakSa aura yakSotama ke nAma haiN|14 1 paumacariya 3.76-88 2 janma, dIkSA evaM kaivalya prApti se sambandhita dRzyAMkana / 3 hindU devakula meM skanda devatAoM ke senApati haiM-vistAra ke lie draSTavya, agravAla, vI0 esa0, "e noTa Ana di gADa nagameSa', ja0yU0pI0hiso0, khaM0 20, bhAga 1-2, pR.0 68-73; zAha, yU0 pI0, 'harinaMgameSin', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 19, pR0 19-41 4 kalpasUtra 20-28 5 antagaDvasAo, pR066-67 / / 6 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 626 7 kumArasvAmI, yakSaz2a, bhAga 1, dillI, 1971 (pu0 mu0), pR036-37 8 vahI, pR0 11, 28 9 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 3.14-18 10 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0I0, khaM0 3, aM0 1,pR0 54-71 11 bhagavatIsUtra 3.7.168; kumArasvAmI, pU0ni0, pR0 10-11 / / 12 tattvArtha sUtra, saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, banArasa, 1952, pR0 119 13 vahI, pR0 146 14 tattvArthasUtra kI sUcI ke prathama tIna yakSoM ke nAma bhagavatIsUtra meM bhI haiN|

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maina devakula kA vikAsa ] jaina AgamoM meM vibhinna sthaloM ke caityoM ke ullekha haiM jahAM apane bhramaNa ke daurAna mahAvIra vizrAma karate the|' inameM dUtipalAza, koSThaka, candrAvatarana, pUrNabhadra, jambUka, bahuputrikA, guNazila, bahuzAlaka, kuNDiyAyana, nandana, puSpavatI, aMgamandira, prAptakAla, zaMkhavana, chatrapalAza Adi pramukha haiN| isa sUcI meM Aye pUrNabhadra, bahuputrikA evaM guNazila jaise caitya nizcita hI yakSa caitya the kyoMki Agama granthoM meM hI anyatra inakA yakSoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| jaina granthoM meM yakSa jinoM ke cAmaradhara sevakoM ke rUpa meM bhI nirUpita haiN| jaina granthoM meM mANibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSoM evaM bahuputrikA yakSI ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gyaa| mANibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSoM ko vyaMtara devoM ke yakSa varga kA indra batAyA gayA hai| ina yakSoM ne campA meM mahAvIra ke prati zraddhA vyakta kI thii| aMtagaDdasAo aura aupapAtikasUtra meM campAnagara ke puNNabhadda (pUrNabhadra) caitya kA ullekha hai|" piNDaniyukti meM sAmillanagara ke bAhara sthita mANibhadra yakSa ke Ayatana kA ullekha hai| paumacariya meM pUrNabhadra aura mANibhadra yakSoM kA zAntinAtha ke sevaka rUpa meM ullekha hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM vizalA (ujjaina yA vaizAlI) ke samIpa sthita bahuputrikA ke mandira kA ullekha hai| grantha meM bahuputrikA ko mANibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSendroM kI cAra pramukha rAniyoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai| yU0 pI0 zAha kI dhAraNA hai ki jaina devakula ke prAcInatama yakSa-yakSI, sarvAnubhUti (yA mAtaMga yA gomedha) aura ambikA kI kalpanA nizcita rUpa se mANibhadra-pUrNabhadra yakSa aura bahuputrikA yakSI ke pUjana kI prAcIna paramparA para AdhArita hai| jahAM bauddha dharma meM jaMbhala (kubera) aura hAritI kI mUrtiyAM kuSANa kAla meM nirmita huI, vahIM jaina dharma meM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kA citraNa gupta yuga ke bAda hI lokapriya huaa| zilpa meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa kA tundIlApana prArambhika yakSa mUrtiyoM kI tundIlI AkRtiyoM se sambandhita rahA hai / 12 jaina yakSI ambikA ke sAtha do putroM kA pradarzana bahuputrikA yakSI ke nAma / prabhAvita rahA ho sakatA hai / 3 vidyAdeviyAM prArambhika jaina granthoM meM vidyAoM se sambandhita aneka ullekha haiN|14 para jaina zilpa meM la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 se hI inakA citraNa prApta hotA hai| pUrNa vikasita vidyAoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika svarUpoM kI dhAraNA prArambhika granthoM meM hI prApta hotI hai| Agama granthoM meM vidyAoM kA AcaraNa jaina AcAryoM ke lie vajita thaa| para kAlAntara meM vidyAdeviyAM grantha evaM zilpa kI sarvAdhika lokapriya viSayavastu bana gii| jaina paramparA meM ina vidyAoM kI saMkhyA 48 hajAra taka batAyI gayI hai| bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya buddha evaM mahAvIra ke samaya meM jAdU, camatkAra, mantroM evaM vidyAoM kA ullekha karate haiN| aupapAtikasUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra ke anuyAyI theroM (sthaviroM) ko vijjA (vidyA) aura maMta (mantra) kA jJAna 1 Agama granthoM meM kahIM bhI mahAvIra dvArA jina mUrti ke pUjana yA jina mandira meM vizrAma kA ullekha nahIM hai-zAha, yU0 pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 2 2 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0I0, khaM0 3, aM0 1, pR0 62-63 3 vahI, pR0 60-64 4 vahI, pR0 60-61. 5 aMtagaDvasAo, pR0 1, pA0 Ti0 2; aupapAtikasUtra 2 6 piNDaniyukti 5.245 7 paumacariya 67.28-49 8 zAha, yU0 pI0, pU0ni0, pR061, pA0 Ti0 43 9 bhagavatosUtra 18.2, 10.5 10 prArambha meM yakSa kA koI eka nAma pUrNataH sthira nahIM ho sakA thaa| 11 zAha, yU0 pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 61-62 12 sarvAnubhUti yakSa kI bhujA meM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana sambhavataH prArambhika yakSoM ke vyApAriyoM ke madhya lokapriyatA __(pavAyA mUrti) se sambandhita ho sakatA hai--kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 28 13 zAha, yU0 pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 65-66 . 14 vistAra ke lie draSTavya,zAha, yU0pI0, AikAnogrAphI auva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja',jAiMso0o0A0. khaM0 15, pR0 114-77 15 vahI, pR0 114-117 16 vahI, pR0 114

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.36 [ jaina pratimAvijJAne thA / ' nAyAdhammakahAo meM utpatanI (uppayanI) evaM coroM kI sahAyaka vidyAoM kA ullekha hai / grantha meM mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSya sudharmA ko maMtra evaM vidyA kA jJAtA batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jAMgoli evaM mAtaMga vidyAoM ke ullekha haiM / 3 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke pApazrutoM meM vaitAlI, ardhavaitAlI, avasvapanI, tAlughghAdaNI, zvApAkI, sovArI, kaliMgI, gaurI, gAndhArI, avedanI, utpavanI evaM stambhanI Adi vidyAoM ke ullekha haiM / sUtrakRtAMga ke gaurI aura gAndhArI vidyAoM ko kAlAntara meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gayA / paumacariya meM RSabhadeva ke pautra nami aura vinami ko dharaNendra dvArA bala evaM samRddhi kI aneka vidyAeM pradAna kiye jAne kA ullekha hai / " grantha meM vibhinna sthaloM para prajJapti, kaumArI, ladhimA, vrajodarI, varuNI, vijayA, jayA, vArAhI, kauberI, yogezvarI, caNDAlI, zaMkarI, bahurUpA, sarvakAmA Adi vidyAoM ke nAmollekha haiM / eka sthala para mahAlocana deva dvArA padma (rAma) ko siMhavAhinI vidyA aura lakSmaNa ko garuDA vidyA diye jAne kA ullekha hai / kAlAntara meM uparyukta vidyAoM se garuDavAhinI apraticakrA aura siMhavAhinI mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI dhAraNA vikasita huI / lokapAla paumacariya meM lokapAloM se ghire indra ke airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha hone kA ullekha hai / ' indra ne hI rAzi (soma) kI pUrva, varuNa kI pazcima, kubera kI uttara aura yama kI dakSiNa dizA meM sthApanA kI / " anya devatA Agama granthoM meM devatAoM ko bhavanavAsI ( eka sthala para nivAsa karanevAle), vyaMtara yA vANamantara ( bhramaNazIla ), jyotiSka ( AkAzIyaH nakSatra se sambandhita ) evaM vaimAnika yA vimAnavAsI (svarga ke deva ), ina cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / 1deg pahale varga meM 10, dUsare meM 8, tIsare meM 5 aura cauthe meM 30 devatA haiM / devatAoM kA yaha vibhAjana nirantara mAnya rhaa| para zilpa meM indra, yakSa, agni, navagraha evaM kucha anya kA hI citraNa prApta hotA hai / jaina granthoM meM aise devoM ke bhI ullekha haiM jinakI pUjA loka paramparA meM pracalita thI, aura jo hindU evaM bauddha dharmoM meM bhI lokapriya the / 11 inameM rudra, ziva, skanda, mukunda, vAsudeva, vaizramaNa ( yA kubera), gandharva, pitara, nAga, bhUta, pizAca, lokapAla (soma, yama, varuNa, kubera), vaizavAnara (agnideva ) Adi deva, aura zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, ajjA (pArvatI yA AryA yA caNDikA), koTTa kiriyA (mahiSAsuravadhikA ) Adi deviyAM pramukha haiM / 12 prArambhika granthoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki pAMcavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka jaina devakula ke mUla svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa kAphI kucha pUrA ho cukA thA / ina granthoM meM jinoM, zalAkA-puruSoM, yakSoM, vidyAoM, sarasvatI, lakSmI, kRSNabalarAma, naigameSI evaM loka dharma meM pracalita devoM kI spaSTa dhAraNA prApta hotI hai / 1 aupapAtikasUtra 16 2 nAyAdhammakahAo, saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, 14, 01, 14104, pR0 152, 16.129, 10189, 18 141, pR0 209 3 sthAnAMgasUtra 8 3.611, 93.678; paumacariya 7 142 4 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 22.15 5 paumacariya 3 144-49 7 paumacariya 59.83-84 9 paumacariya 747 137-38, AcA rAMgasUtra 2.15.18 10 samavAyAMgasUtra 150, tattvArtha sUtra, pR0 11 zAha, yU0pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 10 12 bhagavatIsUtra 3.1.134; aMgavijjA, adhyAya 51 (bhUmikA - vI0 esa0 agravAla, pR0 78 ) 6 zAha, yU0pI0, pu0ni0, pR0 117 8 paumacariya 722

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] (kha) paravartI kAla (chaThI se 12 vIM zatI I0 taka) paravartI kAla meM vivaraNoM evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se jaina devakula kA vikAsa haa| isa kAla meM jaina devakUla ke vikAsa ke adhyayana ke lie chaThI se bArahavIM zatI I0 yA AvazyakatAnusAra usake bAda kI sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| Agama granthoM meM pratipAdita viSayoM ko saMkSepa yA vistAra se samajhAne ke lie chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TIkA granthoM kI racanA kI gaI jinheM Agama kA aMga mAnA gayA / 2 / ___AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya 63-zalAkA-puruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita kaI zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM ko racanA kI gii| kahAvalI (bhadrezvarakRta-zvetAmbara) aura tiloyapaNNatti (yativRSabhakRta-digambara) 63-zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ke do prArambhika grantha haiN| 63-zalAkA-puruSoM se sambandhita anya pramukha grantha mahApurANa (jinasena evaM guNabhadra kRta-9 vIM zatI I0), tisaTTi-mahApurisaguNalaMkAru (puSpadantakRta-965 I0) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (hemacandrakRta-12 vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArdha) haiN|4| la0 chaThI zatI I0 se carita evaM purANa granthoM kI racanA bhI prArambha huii| zvetAmbara racanAoM ko 'carita' aura digambara racanAoM ko 'purANa' evaM 'carita' donoM kI saMjJA dI gii| inameM kisI jina yA zalAkA-puruSa kA jIvana carita vistAra se varNita hai| mukhyataH RSabha, sumati, supArzva, vimala, dharma, vAsupUjya, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra jinoM ke carita grantha prApta hote haiN| inake atirikta catuvizatikA (bappabhaTTisUrikRta-743-838 I0), nirvANakalikA (la011 vIM-12vIM zatI I0),pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (12vIM zatI I0),mantrAdhirAjakalpa (la012 vIM zatI I0), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, caviMzati-jina-caritra (amaracandasUri-1241 I0), pratiSThAsAroddhAra (13 vIM zatI I0 kA pUrvArdha), pratiSTAtilakam (1543 I0) evaM AcAradinakara (1412 I0) jaise pratimA-lAkSaNika granthoM kI bhI racanA huI, jinameM pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha haiN| sabhI upalabdha jaina lAkSaNika granthoM kI racanA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM haI / devakula meM vRddhi aura usakA svarUpa la0 chaThI se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kA saMkramaNa kAla anya dharmoM evaM sambadhita kalAoM ke samAna jaina dharma evaM kalA meM bhI navIna pravRttiyoM evaM tAntrika prabhAva kA yuga rahA hai / tAntrika prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa jaina dharma meM devakula ke devoM kI saMkhyA aura unake dhArmika kRtyoM meM tIvragati se vRddhi aura parivartana huaa| vibhinna lAkSaNika granthoM kI racanA ke kAraNa kalA meM paramparA ke nizcita nirvAha kI bAdhyatA se eka yAMtrikatA sI A gii| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM jaina devakula kA vikAsa mUlataH samarUpa rhaa| paravartI yuga meM jaina devakula meM 24 jina evaM unake yakSa-yakSI yugala, 63-zalAkA-puruSa, 16 mahAvidyA, aSTa-dikpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla, gaNeza, brahmazAnti evaM kapaddi yakSa, 64-yoginI, zAntidevI, jinoM ke mAtA-pitA evaM bAhabalI Adi sammilita the| isI samaya ina devoM kI svatantra lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM bhI nirdhArita huii| . jaina dharma prArambha se hI vyApAriyoM evaM vyavasAyiyoM meM vizeSa lokapriya thaa| jinoM ke pUjana se bhotika yA sAMsArika sukha-samRddhi kI prApti sambhava na thI, jaba ki vyApAriyoM evaM sAmAnya janoM meM isakI AkAMkSA bar3hatI jA rahI 1 inameM AcAradinakara (1412 I0), rUpapaNDana aura devatAmUliprakaraNa (15 vIM zatI I0), tathA pratiSThAtilakam . (1543 I0) pramukha haiN| 2 jaina, hIrAlAla, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962, pR0 72-73 3 grantha kI racanA 1160 se 1172 I0 ke madhya huI-viNTaranitja, ema0, pU0ni0, pR0 505 4 868 I0 ke caupannamahApurisacariya (zIlAMkAcAryakRta) meM 54 mahApuruSoM kA hI caritra vaNita hai| 5 viNTaranitja, ema0, pU0ni0, pR0 510-17 .. 6 sTa00A0, pR0 16 7 kevala devoM ke pratimA lAkSaNika svarUpoM ke sandarbha meM bhinnatA prApta hotI hai|

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cUMTa [ jaina pratimAvijJAna thI / uparyukta sthiti meM vyApAriyoM evaM sAmAnyajanoM meM jaina dharmaM kI lokapriyatA banAye rakhane ke lie hI sambhavata: jaina devakula meM yakSa-yakSo yugaloM evaM mahAvidyAoM ko mahattA prApta huI jinakI ArAdhanA se bhautika sukha kI prApti sambhava thI / jina yA tIrthaMkara dharma tIrtha kI sthApanA karane vAle tIrthaMkara upAsya devoM meM sarvocca haiM / hemacandra ne abhidhAnacintAmaNi meM unheM devAdhideva kahA hai / vibhinna purANoM evaM carita granthoM meM jinoM ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA vistAra se ullekha hai / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 ke mandiroM ke vitAnoM, vedikAbandhoM evaM svatantra paTToM para RSabha, zAnti, munisuvrata, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra jinoM ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM, mukhyataH paMcakalyANakoM ko vistAra se utkIrNa kiyA gayA (citra 12-14, 22, 29, 39-41) / la0 AThavIM navIM zatI I0 taka jinoM ke lAMchanoM kA nirdhAraNa pUrNa ho gayA / tiloyapaNNatti evaM pravacanasAroddhAra meM jina lAMchanoM kI prAcInatama sUcI prApta hotI hai / 7 lAMchana-yukta prAcInatama jina mUrtiyAM guptakAla kI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM rAjagira (neminAtha ) ' aura bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (kra0 161 - mahAvIra ) kI haiM ( citra 35) / AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda kI jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM kA niyamita aMkana prApta hotA hai / yakSa-yakSI la0 chaThIM zatI I0 meM jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugaloM (zAsanadevatAoM) ko sambaddha karane kI dhAraNA vikasita huI / " ye yakSa yakSI jinoM ke sevaka deva ke rUpa meM saMgha kI rakSA karate haiM / " yakSa-yakSI yugala se yukta prAcInatama jina mUrti chaThIM zatI I0 kI hai / 12 akoTA (gujarAta) se prApta isa RSabha mUrti meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera ) aura yakSI ambikA haiM / la0 AThavI-navIM zatI I0 taka 24 jinoM ke svatantra yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI nirdhArita ho gayI / 13 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI prArambhika sUcI tiloyapaNNatti 14 (digambara), kahAvalI 15 (zvetAmbara) evaM pravacanasArodvAra (pavayaNasAruddhArazvetAmbara) meM prApta hotI hai / tiloyapaNNatti kI 24-yakSa-yakSiyoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai : 1 abhidhAnacintAmaNi devAdhidevakANDa 24-25 2 viSTara nitja, ema0 pU0ni0 pR0 510-17 3 ye citraNa osiyA kI devakulikAoM, jAlora ke pArzvanAtha mandira, vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI aura kuMmAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM para haiM / 4 cyavana ( janma ke pUrva ), janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa / 5 tiloyapaNNatti 4.604-605 6 pravacanasAroddhAra 381-82 7 isake pUrva kevala Avazyaka niyukti meM hI RSabha ke zarIra para vRSabha cihna kA ullekha hai - zAha, yU0pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM 9, pR0 6 8 candA, Ara0 pI0, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0 I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 125-26 9 zAha, yU0pI0, 'e phyU jaina imejez2a ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', chavi, 1971, vArANasI, pR0 234 10 zAha, yU0pI0, 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAz2a ina jaina varazipa', pro0TrAM0o0kAM0, 20vAM adhivezana 1959, 11 harivaMzapurANa 65.43 - 45; tiloyapaNNatti 4.936 pR0 141-43 12 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959, pR0 28-29, phalaka 10-11 13 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0I0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, pR0 306 14 vahI, pR0 304; jaina, jyotiprasAda, pU0ni0, pR0 138 15 zAha, yU0pI0, 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', pR0 147-48 16 mehatA, mohanalAla tathA kApar3iyA, hIrAlAla, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4, vArANasI, 1968, pR0 174-79

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] yakSa -- govadana, mahAyakSa, trimukha, yakSezvara, tumburaSa, mAtaMga, vijaya, ajita, brahma brahmezvara kumAra, SaNmukha, pAtAla, kinnara, kiMpuruSa, garuDa, gandharva, kubera, varuNa, bhRkuTi, gomedha, pAvaM, mAtaMga aura guhyaka / ' yakSiyAM - cakrezvarI, rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, apraticakrezvarI, puruSadattA, jvAlAmAlinI, mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAMdhArI, vairoTI, solasA, anantamatI, mAnasI, mahAmAnasI, jayA, bahurUpiNI, kuSmANDI, padmA aura siddhAyinI / pravacanasAroddhAra meM prApta 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM kI sUcI nimnalikhita hai: yakSa - gomukha, mahAyakSa, trimukha, Izvara, tuMbaru, kusuma, mAtaMga, vijaya, ajita, brahmA, manuja (Izvara), surakumAra, SaNmukha, pAtAla, kinnara, garuDa, gandharva, yakSendra, kUbara, varuNa, bhRkuTi, gomedha, vAmana (pAkhaM) aura mAtaMga | 3 yakSiyAM - cakrezvarI, ajitA, duritAri, kAlI, mahAkAlI, acyutA, zAntA, jvAlA, sutArA, azokA, zrIvatsA (mAnavI), pravarA ( caMDA), vijayA ( viditA ), aMkuzA, pannagA ( kandarpA ), nirvANI, acyutA (balA), dhAraNI, vairoTyA, acchutA (naradattA), gAMdhArI, ambA, padmAvatI aura siddhAyikA / 1 govadaNamahAjakkhA timuho jakkhesaro ya tuMburao / mAdaMgavijayaajio bamho bamhesaro ya komAro // chammuhao pAdAlo kiNNara kiMpurusagaruDagaMdhavvA / taha ya kubero varuNo bhiuDIgomeghapAsamAtaMgA || gujjhakao idi ede jakkhA cauvIsa usahapahudINaM / titthayarANa 2 jakkhIo 24 - yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa sarvaprathama gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 ke granthoM, nirvANakalikA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM prApta hotA hai / " jaina zilpa meM kevala yakSiyoM ke hI sAmUhika utkIrNana ke prayAsa kiye gaye jisakA prathama udAharaNa devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0 ) ke zAntinAtha mandira pAse ceM bhattisattA || tiloyapaNNatta 4.934-36 cakkesarirohiNIpaNattivajjasikhalAyA / apadicakke saripurisadattA ya // vajjaM kusA ya maNavegAkAlIo taha jAlAmAliNI mahAkAlI / gaurIgaMdhArIo veroTI solasA anaMtamadI || mANasimahamANasiyA jayA ya vijayAparAjidAo ya / bahurUpiNi kumbhaMDI paumAsiddhAyiNIo tti / / tiloyapaNatti 4937-39 3 jakkho gomuha mahajakkha timuha IsaratuMbarU kusumo / mAyaM go vijayA jiya baMbho maNuo ya sura kumAro // chamuha pAyAla kinnara garuDo gaMdhavva taha ya jakkhido / kubara varuNo bhiuDA gomeho vAmaNa mAyaMgo || pravacanasArodvAra 375-76 4 devI ca cakkesarI / ajiyA duriyAri kAlI mahAkAlI / acyuta saMtA jAlA / sutArayA'soya sirivacchA // pavara vijayAM kusA | paNatti nivvANI acyutA dharaNI / vairo dutta gaMdhAri / aMba 5 zvetAmbara aura digambara granthoM meM antara hai / 39 manovegA, kAlI, vijayA, aparAjitA, paumAvaI siddhA / pravacanasAroddhAra 377-78 ina yakSa-yakSiyoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sandarbha meM paryApta

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna ( mandira 12, 862 I0) se prApta hotA hai / dUsarA udAharaNa ( 11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) khaNDagiri ( purI, ur3IsA) kI bArabhujI guphA meM hai / donoM udAharaNa digambara sampradAya se sambandhita haiM / vidyAdeviyAM 40 vidyAdeviyoM se sambandhita ullekha vasudevahiNDI (la0chaThIM zatI I0), AvazyakacUrNa ( la0677 I0), Avazyaka niryukti (8 vIM zatI I0), harivaMzapurANa ( 783 I0), caupanna mahApuruSacariyam (868 I0) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM haiM / inameM paumacariya kI kathA kA hI vistAra hai / ' harivaMzapurANa evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM ullekha hai ki dharaNa ne nami aura vinami ko vidyAdharoM para svAmitva aura 48 hajAra vidyAoM kA varadAna diyA / / vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAsakRtaM) meM vidyAoM ko gandharva evaM pannagoM se sambaddha kahA gayA hai aura mahArohiNI, prajJapti, gaurI, mahAjvAlA, bahurUpA, vidyunmukhI evaM veyAla Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / AvazyakacUrNi (jinadAsakRta ) evaM Avazyaka niryukti (haribhadrasUrikRta) meM gaurI, gAMdhArI, rohiNI aura prajJapti kA pramukha vidyAoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 4 navIM zatI I0 ke anta meM nizcita 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM uparyukta cAra vidyAeM bho sammilita haiM / padmacarita (raviSeNakRta - 676 I0) meM nami - vinami kI kathA aura prajJapti vidyA kA ullekha hai / harivaMzapurANa meM prajJapti, rohiNI, aMgAriNI, mahAgaurI, gaurI, sarvavidyAprakarSiNI, mahAzvetA, mAyUrI, hArI, nirvajJazADvalA, tiraskAriNI, chAyAsaMkrAmiNI, kUSmANDa gaNamAtA, sarvavidyAvirAjitA, Arya kUSmANDa devI, acyutA, AryavatI, gAndhArI, nirvRti, daNDAdhyakSagaNa, daNDabhUtasahasraka, bhadrakAlI, mahAkAlI, kAlI aura kAlamukhI Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha hai / catuvizatikA (bappabhaTTisUrikRta - 743-838 I0 ) meM 24 jinoM ke sAtha 24 yakSiyoM ke sthAna para mahAvidyAoM , vAgdevI sarasvatI evaM kucha yakSiyoM aura anya devoM ke ullekha haiM / grantha meM 16 ke sthAna para kevala 15 mahAvidyAoM kA hI svarUpa vivecita hai / " 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI la0 navIM zatI I0 ke anta taka nizcita huI / 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM adhikAMzataH pUrvavartI granthoM meM ullikhita vidyAeM ho sammilita haiM / tijayapahutta (mAnavadevasUrikRta - 9vIM zatI I0), saMhitAsAra ( indranandikRta - 939 I0) evaM stuti caturviMzatikA ( yA zobhana stuti - zobhanamunikRta 1 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikanogrAphI oNva siksaTina jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 15, pR0 115 2 harivaMzapurANa 22.54-73 3 tri0 za0pu0ca0 1.3.124-226 : grantha meM gaurI, prajJapti, manusa, gAndhArI, mAnavI, kaizikI, bhUmituNDa, mUlavIrya, saMkukA, pANDukI, kAlI, zvapAkI, mAtaMgI, pArvatI, vaMzAlayA, pAmzumUla evaM vRkSamUla vidyAoM ke ullekha haiM / 4 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 116-17 5 jaina granthoM meM aneka vidyAdeviyoM ke ullekha haiM / la0 navIM zatI I0 meM 16 vidyAdeviyoM kI sUcI taiyAra huI | vibhinna lAkSaNika granthoM meM inhIM 16 vidyAdeviyoM kA nirUpaNa huA evaM purAtAtvika sthaloM para bhI inhIM ko mUrta abhivyakti milI / jaina vidyAdeviyoM ke samUha meM inakI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa inheM mahAvidyA kahA gayA / 6 harivaMzapurANa 22.61-66 7 jinoM kI prazaMsA meM likhe stotroM meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke sthAna para mahAvidyAoM kA nirUpaNa isa sambhAvanA kI ora saMketa detA hai ki 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI 24- yakSa-yakSiyoM kI apekSA kucha prAcIna thI / digambara paramparA kI 24 yakSiyoM meM se adhikAMza ke nAma bhI mahAvidyAoM se grahaNa kiye gaye / 8 nemi aura pArzva donoM hI ke sAtha yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA nirUpita hai / ajita ke sAtha sarpaphaNoM se yukta yakSI, aura RSabha, malli evaM munisuvrata ke sAtha vAgdevI sarasvatI nirUpita haiM / 9 sarvAstra -mahAjvAlA kA anullekha hai / mAnasI ke nAma se varNita devI meM mahAjvAlA evaM mAnasI donoM kI vizeSatAeM saMyukta haiN|

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] 41 la0 973 I0) meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI prArambhika sUcI prApta hotI hai jise bAda meM usI rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| 16 mahAvidyAoM kI antima sUcI meM nimnalikhita nAma haiM : __ rohiNI, prApti, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, cakrezvarI yA apraticakrA (jAmbunadA-digambara), naradattA yA puruSadattA, kAlI yA kAlikA, mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAndhArI, sarvAstra-mahAjvAlA yA jvAlA (jvAlAmAlinI-digambara), mAnavI, vairoTyA (vairoTI-digambara), acchuptA (acyutA-digambara), mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI / mahAvidyAoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa sarvaprathama bappamaTTi kI caturvizatikA evaM zobhanamuni kI stuti caturvizatikA meM kiyA gayA hai / jaina zilpa meM mahAvidyAoM ke svatantra utkIrNana kA prAcInatama udAharaNa osiyA (jodhapura, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira (la08 vIM-9 vIMzatI I0) se prApta hotA hai| navIM zatI I0 ke bAda gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM para mahAvidyAoM kA niyamita citraNa prApta hotA hai| gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke bAhara mahA. vidyAoM kA nirUpaNa lokapriya nahIM thA / 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa ke udAharaNa kumbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) ke zAntinAtha mandira (11vIM zatII0), vimalavasahI (do samUha : raMgamaNDapa evaM devakulikA 41,12vIM zatI I0) evaM lUNavasahI (raMgamaNDapa, 1230 I0) se prApta hote haiM (citra 78) / rAma aura kRSNa rAma aura kRSNa-balarAma ko jaina granthakAroM ne vizeSa mahatva diyaa| isI kAraNa inake jIvana kI ghaTanAoM kA vistAra se ullekha karane vAle svatantra granthoM kI racanA kI gii| vasudevahiNDI, padmapurANa, kahAvalI, uttarapurANa (guNabhadrakRta-9 vIM zatI I0), mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta-965 I0), paumacariu (svayambhUdevakRta-977 I0) aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi granthoM meM rAmakathA, aura harivaMzapurANa (jinasenakRta), harivaMzapurANa (dhavalakRta-11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi meM kRSNa-balarAma se sambandhita vistRta ullekha haiN| jaina zilpa meM rAma kA citraNa kevala khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira para prApta hotA hai| kRSNa-balarAma kA nirUpaNa devagar3ha (mandira 2) evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (kra0 66.53) ko neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM prApta hotA hai (citra 27,28) / vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI aura kuMbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke vitAnoM para bhI neminAtha ke jIvanadRzyoM meM aura svatantra rUpa meM kRSNa-balarAma ke citraNa haiM (citra 22,29) / " bharata aura bAhubalI jaina granthoM meM RSabhanAtha ke do putroM, bharata aura bAhubalI ke yuddha ke vistRta ullekha haiN| yuddha meM vijaya ke pazcAt bAhubalI ne saMsAra tyAga kara kaThora tapasyA kI aura bharata ne cakravartI ke rUpa meM zAsana kiyaa| jIvana ke antima varSoM meM bharata ne bhI dIkSA grahaNa kii| donoM ne kaivalya prApta kiyaa| jaina zilpa meM bharata-bAhubalI ke yuddha kA citraNa 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 119-20 2 gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke bAhara 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika zilpAMkana kA ekamAtra sambhAvita udAharaNa khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira (11 vIM zatI I0) ke maNDovara para hai| 3 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'di AikAnogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja aija DepikTeDa ina di zAMtinAtha Tempal, kuMbhAriyA', saMbodhi, khaM0 2, aM0 3, pR0 15-22 4 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'e noTa Ana aina imeja oNva rAma aiNDa sItA Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala, khajurAho', jaina jarnala, khaM0 8, aM0 1, pR0 30-32 5 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM kRSNa', jai0si0bhA0, bhAga 26, aM0 2, pR0 5-11; tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'aina anpablizDa imeja oNva neminAtha phrAma devagar3ha',jaina jarnala, khaM08, aM02, pR.084-85 6 paumacariya 4.54-55; harivaMzapurANa 11.98-102; AdipurANa 36.106-85; triza0pu0ca0 5.740-98 7 harivaMzapurANa 13.1-6

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42 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna vimalavasahI evaM kuMbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira meM hai ( citra 14 ) / bharata kI svatantra mUrtiyAM kevala devagar3ha (10 vIM12 vIM zatI I0) 1 meM aura bAhubalI kI svatantra mUrtiyAM (9 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) jUnAgar3ha saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha ( mandira 2, 11 evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha), khajurAho ( pArzvanAtha mandira), bilharI ( ma0pra0) evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ( kra0 940) meM haiM ( citra 70, 71 - 75 ) 13 devagar3ha meM bAhubalI ko vizeSa pratiSThA pradAna kI gii| isI kAraNa eka tritIrthI mUrti meM bAhubalI do jinoM (mandira 2 citra 75 ) evaM eka anya meM yakSa-yakSI yugala ( mandira 11 ) ke sAtha nirUpita haiM / jinoM ke mAtA-pitA jinoM ke mAtA-pitA kI gaNanA mahAn AtmAoM meM kI gaI hai / samavAyAMgasUtra meM varNita mAtA-pitA kI sUcI hI kAlAntara meM svIkRta huI / granthoM meM jinoM kI mAtAoM kI upAsanA se sambandhita ullekha pitAoM kI tulanA meM adhika haiM / jaina zilpa evaM citroM meM bhI jinoM kI mAtAoM ke citraNa kI paramparA hI vizeSa lokapriya thI, jisakA prAcInatama udAharaNa osiyA (1018 I0) se prApta hotA hai / anya udAharaNa pATaNa, AbU, giranAra, kuMbhAriyA ( mahAvIra mandira ) evaM devagar3ha se prApta hote haiM / inameM pratyeka strI AkRti kI goda meM eka bAlaka avasthita hai / 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA ke sAmUhika citraNa ke prArambhika udAharaNa (11vIM zatI I0) kuMbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa haiM / inameM AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma bhI ullikhita haiM / paMca parameSThi jaina devakula ke paMcaparameSThiyoM meM arhat, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu sammilita the / " paMcaparameSThiyoM meM se prathama do mukta AtmAeM haiM, jinameM arhat zarIra yukta aura siddha nirAkAra haiM / tIrthoM kI sthApanA kara kucha arhat tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiM | paMcaparameSThiyoM ke pUjana kI paramparA kAphI prAcIna hai| paravartI yuga meM siddhacakra yA navadevatA ke rUpa meM inake pUjana kI dhAraNA vikasita huii| paMcaparameSThiyoM meM AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu kI mUrtiyAM (10vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ) vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI, kuMbhAriyA, osiyA (devakulikA), devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM gvAliyara se prApta hotI haiM / dikpAla dizAoM ke svAmI dikpAloM yA lokapAloM kA pUjana vAstudevatAoM ke rUpa meM bhI lokapriya thA / la0 AThavIMnavIM zatI I0 meM jaina devakula meM dikpAloM kI dhAraNA vikasita huI / dikpAloM ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita prAraMbhika ullekha nirvANakalikA evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM haiM / para jaina mandiroM para inakA utkIrNana la0 navIM zatI0 I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA jisakA eka udAharaNa osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira para hai| jaina zilpa meM aSTa-dikpAloM kA utkIrNana hI lokapriya 1 mandira 2 evaM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI 2 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'e noTa Ana sama bAhubalI imejeja phrAma nArthaM iNDiyA', IsTa ve0, khaM023, aM03-4, pR0 347-53 3 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'pereNTsa oNva di tIrthaMkaraja', bu0pri0ve0myU0 ve0iM0, aM0 5, 1955-57, pR0 24-32 4 samavAyAMgasUtra 157 5 paMcaparameSThi jaina devakula ke pAMca sarvocca deva haiN| inheM jinoM ke samAna mahatva prApta thA - zAha, yU0pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 8-9 6 la0 navIM zatI I0 meM paMcaparameSThin kI sUcI meM cAra pUjita padoM ke rUpa meM zvetAMbara sampradAya meM jJAna, darzana, caritra aura tapa ko; evaM digaMbara sampradAya meM caitya ( jina pratimA), caityAlaya (jina mandira), dharmacakra aura zruta ( jinoM kI zikSA) ko sammilita kiyA gayA / 7 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR0 148

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jaina devakula kA vikAsa ] thA' para jaina granthoM meM dasa divAloM ke ullekha milate haiN| ye dasa dikpAla indra (pUrva), agni (dakSiNa-pUrva), yama (dakSiNa), nita (dakSiNa-pazcima), varuNa (pazcima), vAyu pazcima-uttara), kubera (uttara), IzAn (uttara-pUrva), brahmA (AkAza) evaM nAgadeva (yA dharaNendra-pAtAla) haiM / jaina dikpAloM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM kAphI kucha hindU dikpAloM se prabhAvita haiN| navagraha prArambhika jaina granthoM kI sUrya, candra, graha Adi jyotiSka devoM kI dhAraNA hI pUrvamadhya yuga meM navagrahoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hii| dasavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke lagabhaga sabhI pratimA lAkSaNika granthoM meM navagrahoM (sUrya, candra, maMgala, budha, guru, zukra, zani, rAhu, ketu) ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| para jaina zilpa meM dasavIM zatI I02 meM hI navagrahoM kA citraNa prArambha huA jo digambara sthaloM para adhika lokapriya thA (citra 57) / 3 jina mUrtiyoM kI pIThikA yA parikara meM bhI navagrahoM kA utkIrNana lokapriya thaa| kSetrapAla la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM kSetrapAla ko jaina devakula meM sammilita kiyA gayA / kSetrapAla kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM jaina dikpAla nirRta evaM hindU deva bhairava se prabhAvita haiN| kSetrapAla kI mUrtiyAM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) kevala khajurAho evaM devagar3ha jaise digambara sthaloM se hI milI haiN| 64-yoginiyAM ___ madhya-yuga meM hindU devakula ke samAna hI jaina devakula meM bhI 64-yoginiyoM kI kalpanA kI gyii| ye yoginiyAM kSetrapAla kI sahAyaka deviyAM haiN| jaina devakula ke yoginiyoM kI do sUciyAM bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya ne dI haiM / " ina sUciyoM ke kucha nAma jahAM hindU yoginiyoM se mela khAte haiM, vahIM kucha anya kevala jaina dharma meM hI prApta hote haiN| jaina zilpa meM inheM kabhI lokapriyatA nahIM prApta huI / zAntidevI jaina dharma evaM saMgha kI unnatikAriNI zAntidevI kI dhAraNA dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM vikasita huI / devI ke pratimA-nirUpaNa se sambandhita prArambhika ullekha stuti caturvizatikA (zobhanasUrikRta) evaM nirvANakalikA meM haiN| jaina zilpa meM zAntidevI zvetAmbara sthaloM para hI lokapriya thiiN|' gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara sthaloM para svatantra mUrtiyoM meM aura jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana ke madhya meM zAntidevI AmUrtita haiN| devI kI do bhujAoM meM yA to padma hai, yA phira eka meM padma aura dUsarI meM pustaka hai / 1 zilpa meM naveM-dasaveM dikpAloM, brahmA evaM dharaNendra ke utkIrNana kA ekamAtra jJAta udAharaNa ghANerAva (10 vIM __ zatI I0) ke mahAvIra mandira para hai| 2 khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha, devagar3ha ke zAntinAtha evaM ghANerAva ke mahAvora mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM para navagraha nirUpita haiN| 3 navagrahoM ke citraNa kA ekamAtra zvetAmbara udAharaNa ghANerAva ke mahAvIra mandira ke praveza-dvAra para hai| .. 4 nirvANakalikA 21.2; AcAradinakara-bhAga 2, kSetrapAla, pR0 180 5 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 183-84 6 stuti caturvizatikA 12.4, pR0 137 7 nirvANakalikA 21, pR0 37 8 khajurAho kI bhI kucha jina mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM zAntidevI nirUpita haiN| 9 vAstuvidyA (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM varadamudrA evaM padma dhAraNa karanevAlI Adizakti kI dvibhuja AkRti ke utkIrNana kA vidhAna hai (22.10) /

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna gaNeza hindu devakUla ke lokapriya devatA gaNeza yA gaNapati ko la0 gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM jaina devakula meM sammilita kiyA gayA / ' yadyapi abhidhAna-cintAmaNi (12vIM zatI I0) meM gaNeza kA ullekha hai| para unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM sarvaprathama AcAradinakara meM vivecita haiN| jaina granthoM meM nirUpaNa ke pUrva hI gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM osiyA kI praveza-dAroM evaM bhittiyoM para gaNeza kA mataM aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha tathya evaM jaina gaNeza kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM spaSTataH hindU gaNeza ke prabhAva kA saMketa detI haiN| purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, mathurA kI la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka ambikA mUrti (kra0 00 DI 7) meM gaNeza kI mUrti bhI aMkita hai| bArahavIM zatI I0 ko kucha svatantra mUrtiyAM kuMbhAriyA (neminAtha mandira) evaM nADalaI se prApta hotI haiM (citra 77) / gaNeza kI lokapriyatA zvetAmbaroM taka sImita thii| brahmazAnti yakSa stuti catuvizatikA (zobhanasUrikRta)" evaM nirvANakalikA meM hI sarvaprathama brahmazAnti yakSa kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM varNita haiM / vividhatIrthakalpa (jinaprabhasUrikRta) ke satyapura tIrthakalpa meM brahmazAnti yakSa ke pUrva janma kI kathA dI hai / dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI brahmazAnti yakSa kI matiyAM ghANerAva ke mahAvIra. kaMbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha, mahAvIra evaM pArzvanAtha mandiroM aura vimalavasahI se prApta hotI haiM / brahmazAnti yakSa kevala zvetAmbaroM ke madhya hI lokapriya the| jaTAmukuTa, chatra, akSamAlA, kamaNDalu aura kabhI-kabhI haMsavAhana kA pradarzana brahmazAnti para hindra brahmA kA prabhAva darzAtA hai| kapardI yakSa ___ stuti caturvizatikA meM kapardI yakSa kA yakSarAja ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / vividhatIrthakalpa evaM zatrujaya-mAhAtmya (dhanezvarasUrikRta-la0 1100 I0) meM kapardI yakSa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha haiN| zatrujaya pahAr3I evaM vimalavasahI se kapardo yakSa ke mUtaM citraNa prApta hote haiN| kapardI yakSa kI lokapriyatA zvetAmbaroM taka sImita thii| yU0pI0 zAha ne kapardI yakSa ko ziva se prabhAvita mAnA hai|'' 1 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'sama anpablizDa jaina skalpacarsa oNva gaNeza phAma vesTarna iNDiyA', jaina jarnala, khaM09, ___ aM0 3, pR0 90-12 2 abhidhAnacintAmaNi 2.121 3 AcAradinakara, bhAga 2, gaNapatipratiSThA 1-2, pR0 210 4 hindra gaNeza ke samAna hI jaina gaNeza bhI gajanukha evaM lambodara aura mUSaka para ArUr3ha haiN| unake karoM meM svadaMta, __ parazu, modakapAtra, padma, aMkuza, evaM abhaya-yA-varada-mudrA pradarzita haiN| 5 stuti caturvizatikA 16.4, pR0 179 6 nirvANakalikA 21, pR0 38 7 vividhatIrthakalpa, pa0 28-30 8 stuti caturvizatikA 19.4, pR0 215 9 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'brahmazAnti aiNDa kapardI yakSaja'; ja0ema0esa0yU0ba0, khaM0 7, aM0 1, pR.0 65-68 10 vahI, pR0 68

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caturtha adhyAya uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa isa adhyAya meM uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM viSaya evaM lakSaNoM ke vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se kSetra tathA kAla donoM kI pRSThabhUmi kA dhyAna rakhate hue sabhI upalabdha srotoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| kaI sthaloM evaM saMgrahAlayoM ko aprakAzita sAmagrI kA nijI adhyayana bhI isameM samAviSTa hai| isa prakAra yahAM deza aura kAla ke prabhAvoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue uttara bhAratIya jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA eka yathAsambhava pUrNa evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara jaina pratimA-nirUpaNa kA kramabaddha itihAsa prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya ke samAna hI yaha adhyAya bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama bhAga meM prArambha se sAtavIM zatI I0 taka aura dvitIya meM AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA sarvekSaNa hai / dUsare bhAga meM sthalagata vaiziSTaya evaM maulika lAkSaNika vRttiyoM para adhika bala diyA gayA hai| Arambhika kAla (prArambha se 7 vIM zatI I0 taka) mohanajodar3o se prApta 5 muharoM para kAyotsarga-mudrA ke samAna hI donoM hAtha nIce laTakA kara sIdhI khar3I puruSa bhAkRtiyAM' aura har3appA se prApta eka puruSa AkRti (citra 1) sindhu sabhyatA ke aise avazeSa haiM jo apanI nagnatA aura mudrA (kAyotsarga ke samAna) ke sandarbha meM paravartI jina mUrtiyoM kA smaraNa dilAte haiN| kintu sindhu lipi ke antima rUpa se par3he jAne taka sambhavataH isa sambandha meM kucha bhI nizcaya se nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / maurya-zuMga kAla prAcInatama jina mUrti mauryakAla kI hai jo paTanA ke samIpa lohAnIpura se milI hai aura samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai (citra 2) / nagnatA aura kAyotsarga-mudrA" isake jina mUrti hone kI sUcanA dete haiN| mUrti ke sira, bhumA aura jAnu ke nIce kA bhAga khaNDita haiM / mUrti para mauryayugIna camakadAra Alepa hai| lohAnIpura se zuMga kAla yA kucha bAda kI eka anya jina mUrti bhI milI hai jisameM nIce laTakatI donoM bhujAeM surakSita haiN| 1 mArzala, jAna, mohanajodar3o aiNDa vi iNDasa sivilijezana, khaM0 1, laMdana, 1931, phalaka 12, citra 13, 14, 18, 19, 22 2 vahI, pR0 45, phalaka 10 3 caMdA, Ara0 pI0, "sindha phAiva thAUjaNDa iyarsa ego', mADarna rivyU, khaM052, aMka 2, pR0 151-60; rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0,'harappA aiNDa jainijama' (hindI anu0), anekAnta, varSa 14, janavarI 1957, pR0 157-61; sTa jai0A0, pR0 3-4 4 jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0, 'jaina imeja oNva maurya piriyaDa', ja0bi0u0ri0so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1, pR0 130-32; banarjI-zAstrI, e0, 'mauryana skalpacarsa phrAma lohAnIpura, paTanA', ja0bi0u0ri0so0, khaM0 26, bhAga 2, pR0 120-24 5 kAyotsarga-mudrA meM jina samabhaMga meM sIdhe khar3e hote haiM aura unakI donoM bhujAeM laMbavata ghuTanoM taka prasArita hotI haiM / yaha mudrA kevala jinoM ke mUrta aMkana meM hI prayukta huI hai| 6 jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 131

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46 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna ur3IsA kI udayagiri-khaNDagiri pahAr3iyoM kI rAnI guMphA, gaNeza guMphA, hAthI guMphA evaM ananta guMphA meM I0 pU0 kI dUsarI-pahalI zatI ke jaina kalAvazeSa haiN| ina guphAoM meM vardhamAnaka, svastika evaM triratna jaise jaina pratIka citrita haiN| rAnI evaM gaNeza guphAoM meM aMkita dRzyoM kI pahacAna sAmAnyata: pAvaM ke jIvana-dRzyoM se kI gaI hai| vI0 esa0 agravAla ise vAsavadattA aura zakuntalA kI kathA kA citraNa mAnate haiN| la0 dUsarI-pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kI pArzvanAtha kI eka kAMsya mUrti priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI meM surakSita hai jisameM mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pArzva nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| la0 pahalI zatI I0pU0 kI eka pArzvanAtha mUrti baksara (bhojapura, bihAra) ke causA grAma se bhI milI hai, jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya (6531) meM saMgRhIta hai| mUrti meM pArzva sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita aura uparyukta mUrti ke samAna hI nirvastra evaM kAyotsargamudrA meM haiN| ina prArambhika mUrtiyoM meM vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna nahIM utkIrNa hai| jina mUrtiyoM ke vakSaHsthala para zrIvatsa cihna kA utkIrNana la0 pahalI zatI I0pU0 meM mathurA meM hI prArambha huaa| lagabhaga isI samaya mathurA meM jinoM ke nirUpaNa meM dhyAnamudrA bhI pradarzita huii| causA se zRMgakAlIna dharmacakra evaM kalpavRkSa ke citraNa bhI mile haiM, jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya (6540, 6550) meM surakSita haiN| yU0pI0 zAha ina avazeSoM ko kuSANakAlIna mAnate haiN| ina pratIkoM se mathurA ke samAna hI causA meM bhI zuMga-kuSANakAla meM pratIka pUjana kI lokapriyatA siddha hotI hai| kuSANa kAla causA-causA se nau kuSANakAlIna jina mUtiyAM milI haiM, jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / inameM se 6 udAharaNoM meM jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / do udAharaNoM meM laTakatI jaTA (6538, 6539) evaM eka meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra (6533) ke AdhAra para jinoM kI pahacAna kramazaH RSabha aura pAva se kI gaI hai| sabhI jina mUrtiyAM nirvastra aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiN| mathurA-sAhityika aura Abhilekhika sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA kA kaMkAlI TIlA eka prAcIna jaina stUpa thaa|11 kaMkAlI TIle se eka vizAla jaina stUpa ke avazeSa aura vipula zilpa sAmagrI milI hai|12 yaha zilpa sAmagrI 1 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, lisTa oNva ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di prAvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA kalakattA, - 1931, pR0 247 2 sTa00A0, pR0 7-8 3 agravAla, vI0 esa0, 'vAsavadattA aiNDa zakuntalA sInsa ina di rAnIguMphA keva ina ur3IsA', ja0I0so0o00, khaM0 14, 1946, pR0 102-109 4 sTa00A0, pR08-9 5 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'aina arlI bronja imeja oNva pArzvanAtha ina di priMsa oNva velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI', bu0ni00__myUve060, aM0 3, 1952-53, pR0 63-65 6 prasAda, eca0 ke0, 'jaina bronjeja ina di paTanA myUjiyama', maje0vi0go ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 275 80; zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, baMbaI, 1959, phalaka 1 bI 7 vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna kA utkIrNana jina mUrtiyoM kI abhinna vizeSatA hai| 8 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 280 : causA se kuSANa evaM guptakAla kI mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiN| 9 zAha, yU0 pI0, pU0ni0, phalaka 3 10 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 280-82 ::. 11 vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 17; smitha, vI0 e0, di jaina stUpa aiNDa adara enTikviTIja oNva mathurA, vArANasI, 1969, pR0 12-13 12 kaniMghama, e0, A0sa0 iM0ri0, 1871-72, khaM0 3, vArANasI, 1966 (pu0ma0), pR0 45-46

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] la0 150 I0 pU0 se 1023 I0 ke madhya kI hai|' isa prakAra mathurA kI jaina mUtiyAM Arambha se madhyayuga taka ke pratimAvijJAna kI vikAsa zRGkhalA upasthita karatI haiN| mathurA ko zilpa sAmagrI meM AyAgapaTa (citra 3), jina mUrtiyAM, sarvatobhadrikA pratimA (citra 66), jinoM ke jIvana se sambandhita dRzya (citra 12, 39) evaM kucha anya mUrtiyAM pramukha haiN| AyAgapaTa-AyAgapaTa mathurA kI prAcInatama jaina zilpa sAmagrI hai / inakA nirmANa zuMga-kuSANa yuga meM prArambha huaa| mathurA ke atirikta aura kahIM se AyAgapaToM ke udAharaNa nahIM mile haiN| mathurA meM bhI kuSANa yuga ke bAda inakA nirmANa banda ho gyaa| AyAgapaTa vargAkAra prastara paTTa haiM jinheM lekhoM meM AyAgapaTa yA pUjAzilApaTa kahA gayA hai / AyAgapaTa jinoM (arhatoM) ke pUjana ke lie sthApita kiye gaye the| eka AyAgapaTa ke mahAvIra ke pUjana ke lie sthApita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| AyAgapaTa usa saMkramaNa kAla kI zilpa sAmagrI hai jaba upAsya devoM kA pUjana pratIka aura mAnavarUpa meM sAtha-sAtha ho rahA thaa| AyAgapaToM para jaina pratIka yA pratIkoM ke sAtha jina mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai| AyAgapaToM kI jina mUrtiyAM zrIvatsa se yukta aura dhyAnamudrA meM nirUpita haiM / eka udAharaNa (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 253) meM madhya meM sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pAzvanAtha haiN| mathurA se kama se kama 10 AyAgapaTa mile haiM (citra 3) / inameM amohini (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 1) evaM stUpa (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 255) kA citraNa karane vAle paTa prAcInatama haiN| do AyAgapaToM para stUpa evaM anya para padma, dharmacakra, svastika, zrIvatsa, triratna, matsyayugala, vaijayantI, maMgalakalaza, bhadrAsana, ratnapAtra, devagRha jaise mAMgalika cihna utkIrNa haiN| amohini dvArA sthApita AryavatI paTa' para AryavatI devI (?) nirUpita hai| lekha meM 'namo arhato vardhamAnasa' utkIrNa hai / chatra se zobhita AryavatI devI kI vAma bhujA kaTi para hai aura dakSiNa abhayamudrA meM hai| yU0pI0 zAha ne lekha meM Aye vardhamAna nAma ke AdhAra para AkRti kI pahacAna vardhamAna ko mAtA se kI hai| AryavatI kI pahacAna kalpasUtra kI Aya yakSiNI aura bhagavatIsatra kI ajjA yA AryA devI se bhI kI jA sakatI hai| harivaMzapurANa meM mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM bhI AryavatI kA nAmollekha hai|lyuuje-dde-lyuu ne AryavatI zabda ko AyAgapaTa kA samAnArthI mAnA hai / 14 jina mUrtiyAM-mathurA kI kuSANa kalA meM jinoM ko cAra prakAra se abhivyakti milI hai| ye aMkana AyAgapaToM para dhyAna-mudrA meM, jina caumukhI (sarvatobhadrikA) mUrtiyoM meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM15, svatantra mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM, aura jIvana-dRzyoM 1 sTa00A0, pR0 9 2 mathurA kI jaina mUrtiyoM kA adhikAMza bhAga rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA meM surakSita hai| 3 epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 314 4 smitha, vI0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 15, phalaka 8 / 5 zarmA, Ara0sI0, 'pri-kaniSka buddhisTa AikAnogrAphI aiTa mathurA', ArkialAjikala kAMgresa aiNDa seminAra peparsa, __nAgapura, 1972, pR0 193-94 6 mathurA se prApta tIna AyAgapaTa kramazaH paTanA saMgrahAlaya, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI evaM buDApesTa (haMgarI) saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / anya AyAgapaTa purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiN| 7 smitha, vI0e0, pU0ni0, pR0 19, 21 8 purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA-kyU 2; rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 255 9 lyUje-De-lyU, je0I0 vAna, di sIthiyana piriyaDa, liDena, 1949, pR0 147; smitha, vI0e0, pU0ni0, pR0 21, phalaka 14; epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 199, lekha saM0 2 10 sTa00A0, pR0 79 / 11 kalpasUtra 166 12 bhagavatIsUtra 3.1.134 13 harivaMzapurANa 22.61-66 14 lyUje-De-lyU, je0I0vAna, pU0ni0, pR0 147 15 jina caumukhI ke 10 se adhika udAharaNa rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU aura purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA meM haiM es

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna ke aMkana ke rUpa meM haiN| AyAgapaToM kI jina mUrtiyoM kA ullekha AyAgapaToM ke adhyayana meM kiyA jA cukA hai| aba zeSa tIna prakAra ke jina aMkanoM kA ullekha kiyA jAyagA / 48 pratimA sarvatobhadrikA yA jina caumukhI - mathurA meM jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana pahalI dUsarI zatI I0 meM vizeSa lokapriya thA ( citra 66 ) / lekhoM meM aisI mUrtiyoM ko 'pratimA sarvatobhadrikA', ' 'sarvatobhadra pratimA', 'zavadomadrika' evaM 'catubimba' kahA gayA hai / pratimA - sarvatobhadrikA yA sarvatobhadra - pratimA aisI mUrti hai jo sabhI ora se zubha yA maMgalakArI hai / " ina mUrtiyoM meM cAroM dizAoM meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM cAra jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa rahatI haiN| ina cAra meM se kevala do hI jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava hai / ye jina laTakatI kezAvaliyoM evaM sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta RSabha aura pArzva haiN| gupta yuga meM jina caumukhI kI lokapriyatA kama ho gaI thI / svatantra jina mUrtiyAM - mathurA ko kuSANakAlIna jina mUrtiyAM saMvat 5 se saM0 95 (83 - 173 I0) ke madhya kI haiM (citra 16, 30, 34 ) | zrIvatsa se yukta jina yA to kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM yA dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM / inake sAtha aSTa-prAtihAryoM meM se kevala 6 prAtihArya - siMhAsana 7, bhAmaNDala', caitya vRkSa, cAmaradhara sevaka, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara evaM chatra utkIrNa haiM / inameM bhI siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala evaM caityavRkSa kA hI citraNa niyamita hai / sabhI ATha prAtihArya gupta yuga ke anta meM nirUpita hue / dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna mUrtiyoM meM pArzvavartI cAmaradhara sevaka sAmAnyataH nahIM utkIrNa haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para dAnakartAoM ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 8, 19) yA jaina sAdhuoM kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| jinoM ke keza gucchakoM ke rUpa meM haiM yA pIche kI ora saMvAre haiM, yA phira muNDita haiM / siMhAsana ke madhya meM hAtha jor3e yA puSpa liye hue sAdhu-sAdhviyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM evaM bAlakoM kI AkRtiyoM se veSTita dharmacakra utkIrNa hai / jinoM kI hatheliyoM, taluoM evaM uMgaliyoM para triratna dharmacakra, svastika aura zrIvatsa jaise maMgala- cihna bane haiN| sabhI jina mUrtiyAM nirvastra haiM / 1deg ina mUrtiyoM meM laTakatI jaTAoM aura sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para kramazaH RSabha " aura pArzva kI pahacAna sambhava hai ( citra 30 ) / mathurA se inhIM do jinoM kI sarvAdhika kuSANakAlIna mUrtiyAM milI haiM / balarAma-kRSNa kI pArzvavartI AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para kucha mUrtiyoM (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 47, 60, 117 ) kI pahacAna nemi se kI gaI hai / 12 1 epi0iNDi0, khaM0 1, pR0 382, lekha saM0 2 0 2, pR0 203, lekha saM0 16 2 vahI, khaM0 2, pR0 202, lekha saM0 13 211, lekha saM0 41 4 vahI, khaM0 2, pR0 5 vahI, khaM0 2, pR0 202-03, 210 bhaTAcArya, bI0sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR0 48; agravAla, vI0esa0, mathurA myUjiyama keTalAga, bhAga 3, vArANasI, 1963, pR0 27 6 dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna jina mUrtiyAM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhika haiM / 7 kucha kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 2, 8) meM siMhAsana nahIM utkIrNa hai / 8 bhAmaNDala hastinakha ( yA ardhacandrAvali ) evaM pUrNa vikasita padma ke alaMkaraNa se yukta hai / 9 zAha, yU0pI0, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR06 10 mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA dRzyAMkana jisakA ullekha kevala zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI huA hai ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU- je 626), evaM kucha nagna sAdhu AkRtiyoM (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 175 ) kI bhujA meM vastra kA pradarzana mathurA kI kuSANakalA meM zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroM ke sahaastitva ke sUcaka haiM / 3 vahI, khaM0 2, pR0 209-10, lekha saM0 37 11 laTakatI jaTA se yukta do mUrtiyoM (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 26, 69) meM RSabha kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / 12 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 49-52

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] eka mUrti ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 8) meM 'ariSTanemi' kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| saMbhava, ' munisuvrata evaM mahAvIra kI pahacAna pIThikA lekhoM meM utkIrNa nAmoM se huI hai (citra 34) / isa prakAra mathurA kI kuSANa kalA meM RSabha, saMbhava, munisuvrata, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM nirmita huIM / jinoM ke jIvanadRzya -- kuSANa kAla meM jinoM ke jIvanadRzya bhI utkIrNa hue| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita eka paTTa (je 626) para mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA dRzya hai (citra 39 ) / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ke eka anya paTTa (je 354) para indra sabhA kI nartakI nIlAMjanA RSabha ke samakSa nRtya kara rahI hai (citra 12 ) / jJAtavya hai ki nIlAMjanA ke nRtya ke kAraNa hI RSabha ko vairAgya utpanna huA thA / " rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ke eka aura paTTa (bI 207 ) para stUpa aura jina mUrti ke pUjana kA dRzya utkIrNa hai / sarasvatI evaM naigameSI mUrtiyAM - sarasvatI kI prAcInatama mUrti (132 I0) jaina paramparA kI hai aura mathurA ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 24) se milI hai / dvibhuja devI kI vAma bhujA meM pustaka hai aura abhayamudrA pradarzita karatI dakSiNa bhujA meM akSamAlA hai / ajamukha naigameSI evaM usakI zakti kI 6 se adhika mUrtiyAM milI haiM / lambe hAra se sajjita devatA kI goda yA kandhoM para bAlaka pradarzita haiM / eka paTTa (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 623) para sambhavataH kRSNa vAsudeva ke jIvana kA koI dRzya utkIrNa hai / " paTTa para Upara kI ora eka stUpa aura cAra dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| inameM eka jina mUrti pArzvanAtha kI hai / nIce, dAhinI bhujA se abhayamudrA vyakta karatI eka strI AkRti khar3I hai jise lekha meM 'anaghazreSThI vidyA' kahA gayA hai| bAyIM ora kI sAdhu AkRti ko lekha meM 'kaNha zramaNa' kahA gayA hai jisake samIpa namaskAra mudrA meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta eka puruSa AkRti citrita hai / aMtagaDdasAo meM kRSNa kA 'kaNha vAsudeva' ke nAma se ullekha hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki kaNha vAsudeva ne dIkSA lI thI / " paTTa kI kaNha zramaNa kI AkRti dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda kRSNa kA aMkana hai | samIpa kI sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI AkRti balarAma ko ho sakatI hai / gujarAta kI jUnAgar3ha guphA ( la0 dUsarI zatI I0) meM maMgalakalaza, zrIvatsa, svastika, bhadrAsana, matsyayugala Adi mAMgalika cihna utkIrNa haiM / " guptakAla 49 guptakAla meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI prApti kA kSetra kucha vistRta ho gayA / kuSANakAlIna kalAvazeSa jahAM kevala mathurA evaM causA se hI mile haiM, vahIM guptakAla kI jaina mUrtiyAM mathurA evaM causA ke atirikta rAjagira, vidizA, udayagiri, akoTA, kauma aura vArANasI se bhI milI haiM / kuSANakAla kI tulanA meM mathurA meM guptakAla meM kama jaina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa 1 126 I0 kI eka mUrti (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 19) meM saMbhavanAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai / 2 157 I0 kI eka mUrti (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU- je 20) 'ahaMta nandyAvarta' ko samarpita hai / ke0 DI0 vAjapeyI ne isakI pahacAna munisuvrata se kI hai| phyUrara ne nandyAvarta ko pratIka kA sUcaka mAnakara jina kI pahacAna aranAtha se kI hai - zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 7; smitha, vI0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 12-13 3 cha: udAharaNoM meM 'vardhamAna' kA nAma utkIrNa hai| eka udAharaNa ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 2) meM 'mahAvIra' kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / 4 byUhalara, jI0, 'spesimensa oNva jaina skalpacarsa phrAma mathurA, epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pU0 314-18 5 paumacariya 3.122-26 6 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 48-49 7 vAjapeyI, ke0 DI0,'jaina imeja oNva sarasvatI ina di lakhanaU myUjiyama', jaina eNTi 0, khaM0 11, aM0 2, pR0 1-4 8 akSamAlA ke kevala ATha manake samprati avaziSTa haiM / 9 smitha, vI0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 24, phalaka 17, citra 2 10 aMtagar3adasAo (anu0 ela0 DI0 baneMTa), pR0 61 aura Age 11 sTa0je0A0, pR0 13

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50 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna huiiN| inameM kuSANakAlIna viSaya vaividhya kA bhI abhAva hai / guptakAla meM mathurA meM kevala jinoM kI svatantra evaM kucha jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM hI nirmita huiiN| jinoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke nirUpaNa kI paramparA bho guptayuga meM hI prArambha huI / mathurA mathurA meM guptakAla meM pArzva kI apekSA RSabha kI adhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM / RSabha evaM pArzva kI pahacAna pahale hI kI taraha laTakatI jaTAoM evaM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / RSabha kI jaTAeM pahale se adhika lambI ho gaIM (citra 4) / eka khaNDita mUrti ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 89) meM dAhinI ora kI vanamAlA, tathA sarpa phaNoM evaM hala se yukta balarAma kI mUrti ke AdhAra para jina kI pahacAna nemi se kI gaI hai| eka dUsarI nemi mUrti meM bhI (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU - je 121 ) balarAma evaM kRSNa AmUrtita haiM ( citra 25 ) / 3 isa prakAra guptakAla meM mathurA meM kevala RSabha, nemi aura pArzva kI hI mUrtiyAM utkIrNaM huIM / pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI kuSANakAlIna paramparA guptakAla meM samApta ho gaI / jina mUrtiyAM nirvastra haiM / jinoM kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se saMkhyA meM adhika / guptakAla meM pArzvavartI cAmaraghara sevakoM evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM ke citraNa meM niyamitatA A gaI / aSTa prAtihAryo chatra evaM divyadhvani ke atirikta anya kA niyamita citraNa hone lagA / prabhAmaNDala ke alaMkaraNa para vizeSa dhyAna diyA gayA / " purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA ( bI 68 ) meM eka jina caumukhI bhI surakSita hai / guptakAlIna jina caumukho kA yaha akelA udAharaNa hai / kuSANakAlIna caumukhI mUrti ke samAna yahAM bhI kevala RSabha evaM pArzva kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / rAjagira / rAjagira ( bihAra ) se la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI lipi meM likhe eka lekha meM candragupta (dvitIya) kA nAma hai madhya meM cakrapuruSa aura usake donoM ora zaMkha utkIrNa haiM / zaMkha nemi kA lAMchana hai / ataH mUrti nemi kI haiN| kA pradarzana karane vAlI yaha prAcInatama jJAta mUrti hai / zaMkha lAMchana ke samIpa hI dhyAnastha jinoM kI do laghu utkIrNa haiM / rAjagira kI tIna anya mUrtiyoM meM jina kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e haiM / " vidizA cAra jina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| eka mUrti kI pIThikA para gupta dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna jina kI pIThikA ke jina lAMchana mUrtiyAM bhI vidizA (ma0pra0) se tIna guptakAlIna jina mUrtiyAM milI hai, jo samprati vidizA saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / ina mUrtiyoM ke pIThikA - lekhoM meM mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta kA ullekha hai jo sambhavataH gupta zAsaka thA / mUrtiyoM kI nirmANa zailI, lekha kI lipi evam 'mahArAjAdhirAja' upAdhi ke sAtha rAmagupta kA nAmollekha mUrtiyoM ke cauthI zatI I0 meM nirmita hone ke samarthaka pramANa haiM / dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para AsIna jina AkRtiyAM pArzvavartI cAmaradharoM se veSTita haiM / do mUrtiyoM ke pIThikA - lekhoM meM unake nAma (puSpadanta evaM candraprabha) utkIrNa haiM / ina mUrti lekhoM se spaSTa hai ki pIThikA lekhoM 1 rAjagira kI neminAtha evaM bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI ( 161 ) kI mahAvIra mUrtiyAM 2 akoTA kI RSabhanAtha mUrti 3 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 49-52 4 kevala rAjagira kI eka jina mUrti meM trichatra utkIrNa hai-- sTa0jai0A0, citra 33 5 isameM hastinakha kI paMkti, vikasita padma, puSpalatA, padmakalikAeM, manake evaM rajju Adi abhiprAya pradarzita haiM / 6 candA, Ara0 pI0, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 125-26, phalaka 56, citra 6 7 siMhAsana choroM yA dharmacakra ke donoM ora do dhyAnastha jinoM ke citraNa guptakAlIna mUrtiyoM meM lokapriya the / 8 candA, Ara0 pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 126, sTa0 je0 A0, pR0 14 9 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, 'nyUlI DiskavarDa skalpacarsa phAma vidizA', ja0o0I0, khaM 18, aM0 3, pR0 252-53

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI kuSANakAlIna paramparA gupta yuga meM mathurA meM to nahIM, para vidizA meM avazya lokapriya thii| madhya pradeza ke sirA pahAr3I (pannA jilA)' evaM besanagara (gvAliyara) se bhI kucha guptakAlIna jina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| kahauma kahauma (devariyA, u0 pra0) ke 461 I0 ke eka stambha lekha meM pAMca jina mUrtiyoM ke sthApita kiye jAne kA ullekha hai| stambha kI pAMca kAyotsarga evaM digambara jina mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra se kI gaI hai / sItApura (u0 pra0) se bhI eka jina mUrti milI hai|" vArANasI vArANasI se milo la. chaThIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mahAvIra mUrti bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (161) meM saMgRhIta hai (citra 35) / rAjagira kI nemi mUrti ke samAna hI isameM bhI dharmacakra ke donoM ora mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana utkIrNa haiN| vArANasI se milI aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (49-199) meM surakSita la0 chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka ajitanAtha kI mUrti meM bhI pIThikA para gaja lAMchana kI do AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| akoTA - akoTA (bar3audA, gujarAta) se cAra guptakAlIna kAMsya mUrtiyAM milI haiN| pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI I0kI ina zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM do RSabha kI aura do jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI haiM (citra 5, 36) / sabhI meM mUlanAyaka kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / eka RSabha mUrti meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora do mRga aura pIThikA choroM para yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| yakSa-yakSI ke nirUpaNa kA yaha prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa hai| dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / 10 kheDbrahmA evaM valabhI se bhI chaThI zatI I0 kI kucha jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN|11 causA . causA se 6 guptakAlIna jina mUrtiyAM milI haiM, jo samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiN|12 do udAharaNoM meM (pttnaa| saMgrahAlaya 6553, 6554) laTakatI keza vallariyoM se yukta jina RSabha haiN| do anya jinoM (paTanA saMgrahAlaya 6551, 1 vAjapeyI, ke0 DI0, 'madhyapradeza kI prAcIna jaina kalA', anekAnta, varSa 17, aM. 3, pR0 115-16 2 sTa00A0, pR0 14 3 kA0I060, khaM0 3, pR0 65-68 4 zAha, sI0 je0, jainijama ina nArtha iNDiyA, landana, 1932, pR0 209 5 nigama, ema0 ela0, 'glimpsesa oNva jainiz2ama zrU AkiMalAjI ina uttara pradeza', majai0vi0gojuvA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 218 6 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'e phyU jaina imejeja ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', chavi, pR0 234; tivArI, ema0 * ena0 pI0, 'aina anpablizDa jina imez2a ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANaso', vi0I0ja0, khaM0 13, aM0 1-2, pR0 373-75 7 zarmA, Ara0 sI0, 'jaina skalpacarsa oNva di gupta eja ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU', ma00vi0goju0vA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 155 8 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959, pR0 26-29-akoTA kI jaina mUrtiyAM zvetAmbara paramparA kI prAcInatama jaina mUrtiyAM haiN| 9 vahI, pR0 28-29, phalaka 10 e, bI0, 11 10 devatAoM ke AyudhoM kI gaNanA yahAM evaM anyatra nicalI dAhinI bhujA se prArambha kara ghar3I kI suI kI gati ke - anusAra kI gaI hai| 11 sTa00A0, pR0 16-17 12 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 282-83

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52 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna 6552 ) kI pahacAna eca0 ke0 prasAda ne bhAmaNDala ke Upara aMkita ardhacandra ke AdhAra para candraprabha se kI hai jo do kAraNoM se ThIka nahIM pratIta hotI / prathama, zIrSabhAga meM jina lAMchana ke aMkana kI paramparA anyatra kahIM nahIM prApta hotI / dUsare, jinoM ke sAtha laTakatI jaTAeM pradarzita haiM jo unake RSabha hone kI sUcaka haiM / tarakA rAjaghATa (vArANasI) se la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha jina mUrti milI hai, jo bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (212) meM saMgRhIta hai ( citra 26 ) / mUrti ke siMhAsana ke nIce eka vRkSa ( kalpavRkSa) utkIrNa hai jisake donoM ora dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| vAma bhujA meM bAlaka se yukta yakSI ambikA hai / 3 yakSI ambikA kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para jina kI sambhAvita pahacAna nemi se kI jA sakatI hai / devagar3ha ke mandira 20 ke samIpa se la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka jina mUrti milI hai| rAjasthAna ke sirohI jile ke vasaMtagar3ha, naMdiya mandira (mahAvIra mandira) evaM bhaTevA (pArzva mUrti) se bhI sAtavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| rohataka ( dillI ke samIpa ) se milI pArzva kI zvetAmbara mUrti bho la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI hai / " dvitIya adhyAya ke samAna prastuta adhyAya meM kiyA gayA hai / gujarAta ( 2 ) madhya yuga (la0 8vIM zatI I0 se 12vIM zatI I0 taka) dhAMka (saurASTra) kI digambara mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / gujarAta ke sabhI kSetroM se jaina sthApatya evaM mUrtivijJAna ke avazeSa prApta hote haiM / kumbhAriyA evaM tAraMgA ke jaina mandiroM kI zilpa sAmagrI prastuta adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI hai| gujarAta kI jaina zilpa sAmagrI zvetAmbara sampradAya se sambandhita hai / digambara mUrtiyAM kevala dhAMka se hI milI haiN| gujarAta kI jaina mUrtiyoM meM jina mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai / RSabha evaM pArzva kI mUrtiyAM sarvAdhika haiM / mandiroM meM 24 devakulikAoM ko saMyukta karane kI paramparA thI jo nizcita hI 24 jinoM kI avadhAraNA se prabhAvita thI / jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM evaM samavasaraNoM kA citraNa vizeSa lokapriya thA / jinoM ke bAda lokapriyatA ke krama meM mahAvidyAoM kA dUsarA sthAna hai / yakSa yakSI yugaloM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA sarvAdhika lokapriya the| adhikAMza jinoM ke sAtha yahI yakSa-yakSI yugala nirUpita hai / gomukha - cakrezvarI evaM dharaNendra - padmAvatI yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI bhI kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiN| sarasvatI, zAntidevI, brahmazAnti yakSa, gaNeza (citra 77) aSTa-dikpAla, kSetrapAla evaM 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA kI bhI mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM / bhI jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA adhyayana Adhunika rAjyoM ke anusAra jaina guphAoM meM la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI RSabha, zAnti, pArzva evaM mahAvIra jinoM ko pArzva ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI kubera evaM ambikA haiM / akoTA kI jaina kAMsya mUrtiyoM (la0 chaThIM 1 vahI, pR0 283 2 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'e noTa Ana di AiDenTiphikezana oNva e tIrthaMkara imeja aiTa bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, pR0 41-43 3 ambikA kI bhujA meM Amralumbi nahIM pradarzita hai / jJAtavya hai ki ambikA kI bhujA meM Amralumbi 8 vIM - 9 vIM zatI I0 kI kucha anya mUrtiyoM meM bhI nahIM pradarzita hai / 4 ji0i0 de0, pR0 52 5 sTa0jai0A0, pR0 16-17, DhAkI, ema0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 293 6 saMkaliyA, eca0DI0, 'di aliesTa jaina skalpacasaM ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0sI0, julAI 1938, pR0 426-30 7 sTa0je0A0, pR0 17

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa 1 se 11 vIM zatI I0) meM RSabha evaM pArzva kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiM / akoTA se ambikA, sarvAnubhUti, sarasvatI evaM acchutA vidyA kI bhI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| thAna (saurASTra) meM dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke do jaina mandira evaM jina aura ambikA kI mUrtiyAM haiM / ghoghA (bhAvanagara) se gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI kaI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ahamadAbAda se bhI kucha jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinameM tharAda (thArApadra) kI 1053 I0 kI ajita mUrti mukhya hai / 3 vaDnagara aura sejakapura meM dasavIMgyArahavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandira haiM / kuMbhAriyA evaM tAraMgA meM gyArahavIM se terahavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandira haiM, jinakI zilpa sAmagrI kA yahAM kucha vistAra se ullekha kiyA jAyagA / giranAra evaM zatruMjaya pahAr3iyoM para kumArapAla ke kAla ke neminAtha evaM AdinAtha mandira haiM / bhadrezvara (kaccha) meM jagadu zAha ke kAla kA bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka jaina mandira hai / kuMbhAriyA kuMbhAriyA gujarAta ke banAsakAMThA jile meM sthita hai| yahAM caulukya zAsakoM ke kAla ke 5 zvetAmbara jaina maMdira haiM | ye mandira (11 vIM - 13 vIM zatI I0 ) sambhava, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ko samarpita haiM / yahAM mahAvidyAoM, sarasvatI, mahAlakSmI evaM zAntidevI kA citraNa sarvAdhika lokapriya thA / mahAvidyAoM meM rohiNI, apraticakrA, acchuptA evaM vairoTyA sarvAdhika, aura mAnavI, gAndhArI, kAlI, sarvAstramahAjvAlA evaM mAnasI apekSAkRta kama lokapriya thIM / sarvAnubhUti - ambikA sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa-yakSI yugala thA / gomukha cakrezvarI evaM dharaNendra - padmAvatI kI bhI kucha mUrtiyAM haiM / inake atirikta brahmazAnti yakSa, gaNeza, jinoM ke jIvanadRzya aura 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA bhI nirUpita hue / " pratyeka mandira kI zilpa sAmagrI saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai : zAntinAtha mandira -- devakulikA 9 kI jina mUrti ke vi0 saM0 1110 ( = 1053 I0) ke lekha se zAMtinAtha mandira kumAriyA kA sabase prAcIna mandira siddha hotA hai / para isa mandira kI cAra jina mUrtiyoM ke vi0 saM0 1133 ke lekha ke AdhAra para ise 1077 I0 meM nirmita mAnA gayA hai / 16 devakulikAoM aura 8 rathikAoM sahita mandira caturviMzati jinAlaya hai / adhikAMza devakulikAoM kI jina mUrtiyoM meM mUlanAyaka kI mUrti khaNDita hai / jina mUrtiyoM meM pari kara kI AkRtiyoM evaM yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa meM vividhatA kA abhAva aura ekarasatA dRSTigata hotI hai / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM cAmaraghara sevaka yA kAyotsargaM meM do jina AmUrtita haiN| pArzvavartI jina AkRtiyAM yA to lAMchana rahita haiM, yA phira pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta supArzva aura pArzva kI haiM / parikara meM bhI kucha laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / pArzvavartI AkRtiyoM ke Upara veNu aura vINA vAdana karatI do AkRtiyAM haiM / mUlanAyaka ke zIrSa bhAga meM trichatra, kalaza aura namaskAra- mudrA meM eka mAnava AkRti | mAnava AkRti ke donoM ora vAdya vAdana karatI (mukhyata: dundubhi) aura gomukha AkRtiyAM nirUpita haiM / parikara meM do gaja bhI utkIrNa haiM jinake zuNDa meM kabhI-kabhI abhiSeka hetu kalaza pradarzita haiM / siMhAsana ke madhya meM caturbhuja zAntidevI nirUpita haiM jisake donoM ora do gaja aura siMhAsana kI sUcaka do siMha AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / zAntidevI kI AkRti ke nIce do mRgoM se veSTita dharmacakra utkIrNa hai / 1 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 30-31, 33-34, 36-37, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52 2 iNDiyana AkialAjI-e rivyU, 1961-62, pR0 97 3 mehatA, ena0 sI0, 'e meDivala jaina imeja oNva ajitanAtha - 1053 e0 DI0', iNDi0 enTi0, khaM056, pR072-74 4 tivArI, ema0 ena0pI0, 'e brIpha sarve oNva di AikanogrAphika DeTA aiTa kuMbhAriyA, nAthaM gujarAta', saMbodhi khaM 2, aM0 1, pR0 7-14 5 jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM evaM mAtA-pitA ke sAmUhika aMkana ke prAcInatama udAharaNa kuMbhAriyA mandira meM haiM / 6 somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda, di sTrakcarala Tempalsa oNva gujarAta, ahamadAbAda, 1968, pR0 129 7 zAntidevI varadamudrA, padma, padma ( yA pustaka) aura phala ( yA kamaNDalu ) se yukta haiM / 8. khajurAho kI do jina mUrtiyoM (mandira 1 aura 2) meM bhI siMhAsana ke madhya meM zAntidevI nirUpita haiM / 9 siMhAsana para do gajoM, mRgoM evaM zAntidevI, tathA parikara meM vAdya vAdana karatI aura gomukha AkRtiyoM ke citraNa gujarAta - rAjasthAna kI vetAmbara jina mUrtiyoM meM hI prApta hote haiM /

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH jinoM ke lAMchana nahIM pradarzita haiM / kevala laTakatI jaTAoM evaM pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM ke AdhAra para kramazaH RSabha, supAzvaM evaM pArzva kI pahacAna sambhava hai / lAMchanoM ke citraNa ke sthAna para pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paramparA lokapriya thI / " siMhAsana choroM para adhikAMzataH yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA AmUrtita haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM RSabha evaM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa- yakSI bhI nirUpita haiM / gujarAta - rAjasthAna ke anya kSetroM kI zvetAmbara jina mUrtiyoM meM bhI yahI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiM / mandira kI bhramikA ke vitAnoM para jinoM ke jIvana dRzyoM, mukhyataH paMcakalyANakoM ke vizad citraNa haiM / inameM RSabha, ara (?) 3, zAnti, nemi, pAkhaM evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya haiM (citra 14, 29, 41 ) / dakSiNa-pUrvI kone kI devakulikA meM 1209 I0 kA eka jina samavasaraNa hai / pazcimI bhramikA ke vitAna para 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA bhI AmUrtita haiM / AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma khude haiM / mAtA kI goda meM eka bAlaka (jina) AkRti baiThI hai| kuMmAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke vitAna para bhI jinoM ke mAtApitA citrita haiM / mandira ke vibhinna bhAgoM para rohiNI, vajrAMkuzA, vajrazRMkhalA, apraticakrA, puruSadatA, vairoTyA, acchuptA, mAnasI aura mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI aneka mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvidyA mAnavI kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM hai / pUrvI bhramikA ke vitAna para 16 mahAvidyAoM kA sAmUhika citraNa hai (citra 78 ) / 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA yaha prAcInatama, aura gujarAta ke sandarbha meM ekamAtra udAharaNa hai / 3 lalitamudrA meM AsIna ina mahAvidyAoM ke sAtha vAhana nahIM pradarzita haiM / unake nirUpaNa meM pAramparika krama kA bhI nirvAha nahIM kiyA gayA / mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI ke atirikta mahAvidyA samUha kI anya sabhI AkRtiyoM kI pahacAna sambhava hai / mahAvidyAoM ke atirikta sarasvatI evaM zAntidevI" kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| pazcimI zikhara ke samIpa dvibhuja ambikA kI eka mUrti hai / trikamaNDapa ke vitAna para brahmazAnti yakSa, kSetrapAla aura agni nirUpita haiM / trikamaNDapa sopAna kI dIvAra para bhI brahmazAnti yakSa kI eka mUrti hai / mandira meM aisI bhI do deviyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna saMbhava nahIM hai / eka devI kI bhujAoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza hai aura vAhana gaja yA siMha hai / devI sarvAnubhUti yakSa kI mUrtivaijJAnika vizeSatAoM se prabhAvita pratIta hotI / dUsarI devI kI bhujAoM meM trizUla evaM sarpa hai aura vAhana vRSabha hai / devI hindU zivA ke lAkSaNika svarUpa se prabhAvita hai| ye deviyAM na kevala kuMmAriyA varan gujarAta - rAjasthAna ke anya zvetAmbara sthaloM para bhI lokapriya thIM / mahAvIra maMdira - 106230 kA mahAvIra mandira mI caturviMzati jinAlaya hai / " devakulikAoM kI jina mUrtiyAM 1083 I0 se 1129 I0 ke madhya kI haiM / devakulikA 7 aura 15 kI pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta supArzva 1 pIThikA lekhoM ke AdhAra para zAnti (devakulikA 1) aura padmaprabha (devakulikA 7 ) kI pahacAna sambhava hai / 2 ara ke jIvanadRzya kI sambhAvita pahacAna kevala lekha ke 'sudarzana' evaM 'devI' nAmoM ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai jinakA jaina paramparA meM ara ke pitA aura mAtA ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 3 tivArI, ema0 ena0pI0, 'di AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAj aija riprejenTeDa ina di sIliMga oNva di zAntinAtha Tempala, kuMbhAriyA', saMbodhi, khaM0 2, aM0 3, pR0 15-22 4 padma, pustaka, vINA evaM sruka meM se koI do sAmagrI UparI bhujAoM meM, aura abhaya - ( yA varada - ) mudrA evaM kamaNDalu nicalI bhujAoM meM haiM / 5 zAntidevI kI UparI do bhujAoM meM padma haiM / 6 brahmazAnti yakSa ke karoM meM varadAkSa, chatra, pustaka evaM kamaNDalu pradarzita haiM / 7 trizUla, sarpa evaM vRSabha vAhana se yukta devI kI eka mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke mUlaprAsAda kI bhitti para bhI hai / 8 somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda, pu0ni0, pR0 127

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] evaM pAva kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| pazcimI bhramikA ke vitAnoM para RSabha, zAMti, nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiM (citra 13, 22, 40) / eka vitAna para 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyAM aMkita haiN| mandira ke pazcimI aura uttarI praveza-dvAroM ke samIpa 24 jinoM kI mAtAoM kA citraNa karane vAle do paTTa bhI surakSita haiN| pratyeka strI AkRti kI dAhinI bhujA meM phala aura bAyIM meM bAlaka sthita haiM / 1281I0 ke eka paTTa para munisuvrata ke jIvana kI zakunikA bihAra kI kathA utkIrNa hai|' zAntinAtha mandira ke samAna hI yahAM bhI mahAvidyAoM, zAntidevI, sarasvatI, ambikA, sarvAnubhUti evaM brahmazAnti kI aneka mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 89) / yahAM mAnavI mahAvidyA kI bhI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira-pArzvanAtha mandira kA nirmANa bArahavIM zatI I0 meM huaa| devakulikAoM meM 1179 I0 se 1202I0 ke madhya kI 24 jina mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN| gUr3hamaNDapa kI do pArzva mUrtiyoM meM yakSa aura yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM, para yahAM unake siroM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| gUDhamaNDapa hI meM ajita aura zAnti (1119-20 I0) kI bhI do mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 20) / mahAvidyAoM meM jvAlApAtra se yukta jvAlAmAlinI vizeSa lokapriya thii| mAnavI, gAndhArI evaM mAnasI ko kevala eka-eka mati hai| sarasvatI, ambikA evaM zAntidevI kI bhI kaI matiyAM haiN| mandira meM cAra aisI bhI catarbhUja deviyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| devakulikA 5 kI aisI eka mayUravAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM baradamudrA, ni zUla, sraka evaM phala haiN| dUsarI vRSabhavAhanA devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, pAza, dhvaja evaM phala haiN| tIsarI devI kI UparI bhujAoM meM trizU la, evaM cauthI devI kI UparI bhujAoM meM zUla evaM aMkuza pradarzita haiM / - neminAtha mandira-neminAtha mandira bhI bArahavIM zatI I0 meM bnaa| yaha bhI caturviMzati jinAlaya hai| yaha rayA kA vizAlatama jaina mandira hai| gaDhamaNDapa ke eka paTa (1253 I0) para 172 jinoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| gUDhamaNDapa meM pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI supAzvaM (svastika lAMchana sahita) evaM pArzva (1157 I0) kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| donoM udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| jaTAoM se zobhita gUr3hamaNDapa ko do RSama mUrtiyoM (1257 I0) meM yakSI cakrezvarI hai para yakSa sarvAnubhUti hI hai| trikamaNDapa kI rathikA meM 1265 I0 kA eka nandIzvara paTTa hai| __mandira kI bhIti para mahAvidyAoM, yakSiyoM, caturbhuja dikpAloM evaM gaNeza kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mahAvidyAoM meM kevala rohiNI, prajJapti, gAMdhArI, mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI kI mUrtiyAM nahIM utkIrNa haiM / UparI bhujAoM meM trizUla yA pAza dhAraNa karane vAlI mandira kI kucha deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / kucha mUrtiyoM meM devI kI do bhujAoM meM dhana kA thailA pradarzita hai| devI kA svarUpa sarvAnubhUti yakSa se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / adhiSThAna para caturbhuja gaNeza kI bhI eka mUrti hai / kuMbhAriyA meM gaNeza kI mUrti kA yaha akelA udAharaNa hai (citra 77) / mUSakArUr3ha gaNeza ke karoM meM svadaMta, parazu, sanAlapadma aura modakapAtra haiN| mukhamaNDapa kI pUrvI bhiti para caturbhuja mahAlakSmI kI dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna mUrti hai| mUrtilekha meM devI ko 'mahAlakSmI' kahA gayA hai| devakUlikAoM kI pazcimI bhiti para mayUravAhanA sarasvatI aura padmAvatI yakSI (2) nirUpita haiM (citra 56, 76) / 1 do pUrvavartI udAharaNa jAlora ke pArzvanAtha mandira aura lUNavasahI meM haiN| 2 mandira kA prAcInatama lekha 1104 I0 kA hai| 3 devakulikA 18-musala aura vajra se yukta / 4 devakulikA 5-haMsavAhanA evaM vajra aura pAza se yukta / 5 ina caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM deviyoM kI nicalI bhujAoM meM amaya-(yA varada-) mudrA aura phala (yA kalaza) pradarzita haiN| 6 mandira kA prAcInatama lekha vi0saM0 1191 (= 1134 I0) kA hai-somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda, pU0ni0, pR0 158 7 sarasvatI ke sAtha mayUra vAhana kA ullekha kevala digambara paramparA meM hai| 8 koSTha kI saMkhyA yahAM aura anyatra mUrti-saMkhyA kI sUcaka hai|

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56 . [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sambhavanAtha mandira-sambhavanAtha mandira kA nirmANa terahavIM zatI I0 meM haa| mandira kI bhiti para mahAvidyAoM, sarasvatI evaM zAntidevI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvidyAoM meM kevala rohiNI, cakrezvarI(2), vajrAMkuzA(3), mahAkAlI evaM sarvAstramahAjvAlA (meSavAhanA) hI AmUrtita haiM / jaMghA aura adhiSThAna kI do deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / eka kI UparI bhujAoM meM gadA aura vajra, tathA dUsarI kI bhujAoM meM dhana kA thailA aura aMkuza pradarzita haiN| tAraMgA ajitanAtha mandira-mehasANA jile kI tAraMgA pahAr3I para caulukya zAsaka kumArapAla (1143-72 I0) ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita ajitanAtha kA vizAla zvetAmbara jaina mandira hai (citra 79) / garbhagRha evaM gUr3hamaNDapa meM terahavIMcaudahavIM zatI I0 kI jina mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira kI mUrtiyAM cAra se dasa bhujAoM vAlI haiN| mandira meM mahAvidyAoM kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvidyAoM ke sAtha vAhanoM kA niyamita pradarzana nahIM huA hai| mahAvidyAoM ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH nirvANakalikA evaM AcAradinakara ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / mandira kI mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para unakI lokapriyatA kA krama isa prakAra hai-apraticakrA (17), rohiNI (8), vajrazRMkhalA (8), mahAkAlI (6), vajrAMkuzA (4), prajJapti(3), gaurI(3), naradattA(3), mahAmAnasI (3), kAlI (2), vairoTayA (2) evaM sarvAstramahAjvAlA (1) / anyatra vizeSa lokapriya gAMdhArI, mAnavI, acchuptA evaM mAnasI kI eka bhI mUti nahIM utkIrNa hai| sarasvatI (14) aura zAntidevI (21) kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| - anya zvetAmbara sthaloM ke samAna yahAM bhI yakSI cakrezvarI aura mahAvidyA apraticakrA ke madhya svarUpagata bheda kara pAnA kaThina hai| ambikA yakSI kI kevala do mUrtiyAM haiN| siMhavAhanA ambikA ke karoM meM varadamudrA, Amralumbi, pAza evaM bAlaka haiN| mandira meM gomukha (1) evaM sarvAnubhUti (3) yakSoM aura kSetrapAla (1) kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| zmazru yukta kSetrapAla kI do bhujAoM meM gadA aura sarpa haiM / bhitti para aSTa-dikpAla mUrtiyoM ke tIna samUha utkIrNa haiN| mandira para aise kaI devoM ko bhI mUrtiyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / aisI eka mahiSArUr3ha devatA(3) kI mUrti meM avaziSTa bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, pAza aura phala haiM / deviyoM meM do UparI bhujAoM meM trizUla evaM sarpa,yA aMkuza evaM pAza dhAraNa karane vAlI deviyAM vizeSa lokapriya thiiN| inakI nicalI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA evaM phala (yA kalaza) haiN| smaraNIya hai ki ye deviyAM gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke anya mandiroM meM bhI lokapriya thiiN| eka kukkuTa vAhanA devI (dakSiNI bhitti) ko avaziSTa bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, padma evaM daNDa haiM / siMhavAhanA eka devI (pazcimI jaMghA) kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, parazu, pAza aura phala haiM / eka mayUravAhanA devI (uttarI bhitti) kI surakSita bhujA meM trizUla-ghaNTa hai| vRSabhavAhanA eka devI (pazciA bhajAoM meM vajra aura jalapAtra haiN| uttarI bhitti ko eka haMsavAhanA (?) devI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, padma, sarpa trizala aura kamaNDala haiN| mandira ke adhiSThAna para bhI aisI tIna deviyAM utkIrNa haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| pahalI devI (uttarI) kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, sanAlapadma, kamaNDalu; dUsarI devI (dakSiNa) ko bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, pAza, vajra evaM phala; aura tIsarI devI (uttarI) kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, parazu, ghaNTa evaM phala haiN| rAjasthAna la0 AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya rAjasthAna ke vibhinna kSetroM meM vipUla saMkhyA meM jaina mandiroM evaM 1 somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda, pU0ni0, pR0 158 2 tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, "kuMbhAriyA ke sambhavanAtha mandira kI jaina deviyAM', anekAnta,varSa 25,03, pR0101-03 3 somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda, 'di ArkiTekcarala TrITamenTa oNva di ajitanAtha Tempala aiTa tAraMgA', vidyA, khaM0 14, aM0 2, pR0 50-57 4 garuDavAhanA devI ke karoM meM varada-(yA abhaya-mudrA, zaMkha, cakka evaM gadA pradarzita haiN|

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / rAjasthAna meM bhI mahAvidyAoM kA citraNa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| mahAvidyAoM kI prAcInatama mUrtiyAM isI kSetra meM utkIrNa huIM / isa kSetra ke bhI sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa-yakSI yugala sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI the / jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM, sarvAnubhUti evaM brahmazAnti yakSoM, cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvato, siddhAyikA yakSiyoM aura sarasvatI, zAntidevI, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, gaNeza evaM kRSNa kI bhI isa kSetra meM pracura saMkhyA meM mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huiiN| jinoM ke lAMchanoM ke citraNa ke sthAna para pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paramparA hI lokapriya thI / kevala RSabha evaM pArzva ke sAtha kramazaH jaTAoM evaM sarpaphaNoM kA pradarzana huA hai / rAjasthAna meM inhIM do jinoM kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI / isa kSetra meM zvetAmbara sthaloM kA prAdhAnya hai / kevala bharatapura, koTA, bAMsavAr3A, alavara evaM bijauliyA Adi sthaloM se digambara mUrtiyAM milI haiM / osiyA mahAvIra mandira - osiyA (jodhapura) kA mahAvIra mandira (zvetAMbara) rAjasthAna kA prAcInatama surakSita jaina mandira hai / mahAvIra mandira ke samakSa eka toraNa aura valAnaka ( yA nAlamaNDapa ) hai / valAnaka ke pUrvI bhAga meM eka devakulikA saMyukta hai / mahAvIra mandira ke pUrva aura pazcima meM cAra anya devakulikAeM bhI haiM / valAnaka meM 956 I0 (vi0saM01013) kA eka lekha hai / lekha, sthApatya evaM zilpa ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne mahAvIra mandira ko AThavIM aura navIM zatI I0 kA nirmANa mAnA hai / 956 I0 ke kucha bAda hI valAnaka se jur3I pUrvI devakulikA (10 vIM zatI I0) nirmita huI / mahAvIra mandira ke samIpa kI pUrvI aura pazcimI devakulikAeM evaM toraNa (1018 I0) gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM bane / 7 jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahAvIra mandira kI mahAvidyA mUrtiyAM vizeSa mahatva kI haiM / ye mahAvidyA kI Arambhika mUrtiyAM haiM / mahAvidyAoM ke atirikta sarvAnubhUti evaM pArzva yakSoM, aura ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM kI mI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| sAtha hI dvibhuja aSTa-dikpAloM, sarasvatI, mahAlakSmI aura jaina yugaloM kI bhI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / mahAvIra mandira ke samAna hI devakulikAoM para bhI mahAvidyAoM, sarvAnubhUti yakSa, ambikA yakSI, gaNeza aura jIvantasvAmo mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvIra mandira kI dvibhuja evaM caturbhuja mahAvidyAeM vAhanoM se yukta haiN| yahAM prajJapti, naradattA, gAMdhArI, mahAjvAlA, mAnavI evaM mAnasI mahAvidyAoM ke atirikta anya sabhI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / mahAvidyAoM ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH bappamaTTi kI caturviMzatikA ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / mandira meM mahAlakSmI (1), padmAvatI (1), 57 1 jaina, ke0 sI0, jainijama ina rAjasthAna, zolApura, 1963, pR0 111 : hamane apane adhyayana meM lUNavasahI (1230I0) kI zilpa sAmagrI kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai kyoMki viSayavastu evam lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se vasahI kI sAmagrI pUrvavartI vimalavasahI (1031 I0) kI anugAminI hai / 2 ye mUrtiyAM osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira para haiM / 3 DhAkI, ema0 e0, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', ma0jai0vi0go0ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 312 4 nAhara, pI0 sI0, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1918, pR0 192 94, lekha saM0 788 5 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, 'di Tempalsa oNva osiyA', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1908-09, pR0 108; pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1907, pR0 36-37; brAuna, parsI, iNDiyana ArkiTekcara, bambaI, 1971 (pu0 mu0), pR0135; kRSNa deva, Tempalsa oNva nArtha iNDiyA, dillI, 1969, pR0 31; DhAkI, ema0 e0, pu0ni0, pR0 324-25 6 tripAThI, ela0 ke0 evolyUzana oNva Tempala ArkiTekcara ina nArdarna iNDiyA, pIec0 DI0 ko aprakAzita 1 thIsisa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, 1968, pR0 154, 199-203 7 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, pu0ni0, pR0 108; DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 325-26 8 para gaurI godhA ke sthAna para vRSabhavAhanA hai / gajArUr3ha vajrAMkuzI kI bhujAoM meM grantha ke nirdezoM ke viruddha jalapAtra evaM mudrA pradarzita haiM / grantha meM vastra evaM aMkuza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai /

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna sarasvatI (4), sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pAkhaM yakSa, tathA arddhamaNDapa ke pUrvI chajje para munisuvrata ke varuNa yakSa kI mI mUrtiyAM dRSTigata hotI haiM / ' mandira para tIna aisI bhI mUrtiyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM / arddhamaNDapa ke uttarI chajje para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA se yukta RSabha kI eka mUrti hai| gUr3hamaNDapa ke praveza dvAra ke dahalIja para bhI sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA nirUpita haiM / sarvAnubhUti kI do anya mUrtiyAM gUr3hamaNDapa kI pazcimI bhitti para haiM / mandira kI bhitti para tribhaMga meM khar3I dvibhuja aSTadikpAloM kI savAhana mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| gUr3hamaNDapa meM supArzva evaM pArzva kI do mUrtiyAM haiM / 58 devakulikAoM kI savAhana mahAvidyA mUrtiyAM dvibhuja, caturbhuja evaM SaDbhuja " haiM / inameM mAnavI aura mahAjvAlA mahAvidyAoM kI eka mo mUrti nahIM hai / haMsavAhanA mAnasI kI kevala eka hI mUrti (devakulikA 4 ) hai / devakulikAoM kI mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM mahAvIra mandira kI pUrvavartI mUrtiyoM evaM catuvizatikA ke prabhAva spaSTa haiM / devakulikAoM para sarasvatI (6), ambikA yakSI ( 2 ), sarvAnubhUti yakSa, aSTa-dikpAloM, gaNeza (3) evaM jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM haiN| sarasvatI kI bhujAoM me padma aura pustaka pradarzita haiN| eka mUrti (devakulikA 1 ) meM sarasvatI ke donoM hAthoM meM vINA hai / devakulikAoM kI gaNeza mUrtiyAM jaina zilpa meM gaNeza kI prAcInatama jJAta mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM caturbhuja evaM gajamukha gaNeza parazu (yA zUla), svadaMta ( yA aMkuza ), padma evaM modakapAtra se yukta haiM / 7 pAza aura zaMkha se yukta eka dvibhuja devI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / devakulikA 1 ke dakSiNI adhiSThAna para zmazru evaM jaTAmukuTa se zobhita aura lalitamudrA meM AsIna brahmazAnti yakSa kI eka caturbhuja mUrti utkIrNa hai / brahmazAnti kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, sruka, pustaka evaM jalapAtra haiM / valAnaka meM 1019 I0 kI eka vizAla pArzvanAtha mUrti rakhI hai / devakulikAoM aura toraNadvAra para jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI kula ATha mUrtiyAM haiM ( citra 37) / inameM mukuTa evaM hAra Adi AbhUSaNoM se sajjita jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / jIvantasvAmI kI tIna svatantra mUrtiyAM (11vIM zatI I0) valAnaka meM bhI surakSita haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM jIvantasvAmI ke sAtha aSTa- prAtihAryaM yakSa-yakSI yugala, mahAvidyAeM evaM laghu jina AkRtiyAM bhI nirUpita haiM / devakulikA 1 aura 3 ke vedikAbandhoM para jinoM ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNaM haiM / ye jIvanadRzya sambhavataH RSabha aura pArzva se sambandhita haiM / devakulikA 2 ke vedikAbandha para kisI jina ke janma abhiSeka kA dRzya hai / valAnaka ke eka paTTa (1202 I0) para 22 jinoM kI mAtAoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM jinakI goda meM eka-eka bAlaka baiThA hai| osiyA ke hindU mandiroM para bhI do jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM jo usa sthala para hinduoM evaM jainoM ke madhya kI saumanasyatA kI sAkSI haiN| eka mUrti (pArzvanAtha ) sUrya mandira kI purvI bhiti para hai aura dUsarI pUrvI samUha ke paMcaratha mandira para hai / 1 DhAkI, ema0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 317 2 sarvAnubhUti dhana ke thaile aura ambikA Amralumbi evaM bAlaka se yukta haiM / 3 do bhujAoM meM zUla evaM sarpa se yukta IzAn caturbhuja hai, aura kubera evaM yama kI do-do mUrtiyAM haiM / 4 pUrvI aura pazcimI samUhoM kI uttarI ( prathama ) devakulikAoM ko kramazaH 1 aura 2 evaM usI krama meM dUsarI devakulikAoM ko 3 aura 4 kI saMkhyAeM dekara abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai / valAnaka kI pUrvI devakulikA kI saMkhyA 5 hai / 5 kevala mahAmAnasI hI SaDbhuja hai / 6 devakulikAoM (1 aura 2) para ambikA kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM se prabhAvita 5 dvibhuja strI mUrtiyAM haiM jo sambhavataH mAtRdeviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| ina AkRtiyoM kI eka bhujA meM bAlaka ora dUsarI meM phala yA jalapAtra hai / devakulikA 1 kI dakSiNa jaMghA kI eka mUrti meM bAlaka ke sthAna para Amralumbi bhI pradarzita hai / 7 eka udAharaNa meM vAhUna gaja hai / 8 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'osiyA se prApta jIvantasvAmI kI aprakAzita mUrtiyAM', vizvabhAratI, khaM0 14, aM0 3, pR0 215-18 9 yahAM aSTa- prAtiyoM meM siMhAsana nahIM utkIrNa hai /

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] 59 maNDora meM nAhaDarAo guphA ke samIpa dasavIM zatI I0 kA eka jaina mandira hai / nadasara (surapura) meM bhI prAcIna jaina mandira haiM / nANA (bAlI) meM 960 I0 kA eka mahAvIra mandira hai / AhAr3a (udayapura) meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kA AdinAtha mandira / mandira kI bhittiyoM para bharata, sarasvatI, cakrezvarI evaM anya jaina deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| bhadresara evaM uthamaNa meM gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandira haiM / bIkAnera, tArAnagara (952 I0), rANI, nohara evaM pAlU meM dasavIMgyArahavIM zatI I0 ke kaI jaina mandira haiM / " pallU se kaI caturbhuja sarasvatI mUrtiyAM milI haiM jo kalAtmaka abhivyakti evaM mUrtivaijJAnika dRSTi se madhyakAla kI sarvotkRSTa sarasvatI mUrtiyAM haiM / inameM haMsavAhanA sarasvatI sAmAnyataH varadAkSa, padma, pustaka evaM kamaNDalu se yukta haiM / nAgadA (mevAr3a) meM 946 I0 kA eka padmAvatI mandira (digaMbara ) hai / pratAbagar3ha ke samIpa vIrapura se navIMdasavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandiroM ke avazeSa mile haiN| rAmagar3ha (koTA) ke samIpa AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 kI jaina guphAeM haiM / kRSNavilAsa yA vilAsa (koTA) meM AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke jaina mandiroM (digaMbara) ke avazeSa haiM / jayapura (cATsu) evaM alavara ke AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke kucha jaina mandira haiM / jagata (udayapura) meM bhI dasavIM zatI I0 kA eka ambikA mandira hai / " pAlI meM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA navalakhA pArzvanAtha mandira hai / " ghANerAva mahAvIra mandira - ghANerAva (pAlI) kA mahAvIra mandira dasavIM zatI I0 kA zvetAmbara jaina mandira hai / " 1156 I0 meM mandira meM 24 devakulikAoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA / mandira meM 14 mahAvidyAoM, dikpAloM, gomukha (1), sarvAnubhUti (5), brahmazAnti (1) cakrezvarI (2), ambikA (2), gaNeza aura navagrahoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira kI jaMghA para dvibhuja dikpAloM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / dikpAloM ke atirikta mandira kI anya sabhI mUrtiyAM caturbhuja haiM / jaina paramparA ke anurUpa yahAM dasa dikpAloM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / naveM aura dasaveM dikpAla kramazaH brahmA evaM ananta haiM / trimukha brahmA jaTAmukuTa evaM zmazru, aura ananta pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM / jaTAmukuTa se yukta caturbhuja brahmazAnti (adhiSThAna ) kI bhujAoM meM varadAkSa, padma, chatra evaM jalapAtra haiM / adhiSThAna para mahAlakSmI aura vairoTyA kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiM / ause kI sIr3hiyoM ke samIpa aisI do deviyAM utkIrNa haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / eka devI kI bhujAoM meM padma, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala haiM / 12 dUsarI devI ke pArzva meM eka ghaTa (vAhana) aura bhujAoM meM phala, padma, daNDa (?) evaM jalapAtra haiM / gUr3hamaNDapa kI dvArazAkhA kI kurmavAhanA devI kI pahacAna bhI sambhava nahIM hai / devI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, pAza, daNDa (?) evaM kamala haiN| gUDhamaNDapa evaM garbhagRha ke praveza dvAroM para dvibhuja evaM caturbhuja mahAvidyAoM kI savAhana mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / inameM mAnavI evaM sarvAstramahAjvAlA ke atirikta anya sabhI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / inake 1. pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1906-07, pR0 31 2 vahI, 1911 - 12, pR0 53 -4 jaina, ke0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 113 5 vahI, pR0 113 - 14; goyatja, eca0, di ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara oNva bIkAnera sTeTa, AksaphorDa, 1950, pR0 58 6 zarmA, brajendranAtha, jaina pratimAeM, dillI, 1979, pR0 10-19 7 pro0ri0A0sa0iM0, ve0sa0, 1904-05, pR0 61 3 vahI, 1907-08, pR0 48-49 8 jaina, ke0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 114-15 9 DhAkI, ema0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 305 10 pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1907-08, pR0 43; DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 333 - 34 11 pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1907-08, pR0 59, kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 36; DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 328-32 12 mandira ke gUDhamaNDapa kI dvArazAkhA para bhI isa devI kI eka mUrti hai /

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60 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna citraNa meM nirvANakalikA ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| gUr3hamaNDapa ke uttaraMga para sthAnaka mudrA meM dvibhuja navagrahoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / ' gUr3hamaNDapa ke eka stambha para caturbhuja gaNeza evaM lalATa-bimba para supArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyAM haiM / devakulikAoM kI bhittiyoM para vairoTyA, cakrezvarI, vajrAMkuzI evaM sarasvatI kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM | sAdarI 2 pArzvanAtha mandira - sAdarI (pAlI) kA pArzvanAtha mandira gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA hai / mandira para caturbhuja mahAvidyAoM, sarasvatI, dikpAloM, apsarAoM evaM jaina granthoM meM arvANita deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA yA kisI anya yakSa-yakSI kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM utkIrNa hai / mandira para kevala 11 mahAvidyAeM nirUpita huIM / ye rohiNI, vajrAMkuzI, vajrazRMkhalA, apraticakrA, gaurI, puruSadattA, kAlI, mahAkAlI, mahAjvAlA, vairoTyA evaM mahAmAnasI haiM / 3 pUrvI varaNDa para eka caturbhuja devatA kI mUrti hai / devatA ke hAthoM meM challA, padma, padma aura kamaNDalu haiM / deva kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / mahAvidyAoM ke bAda sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM zAntidevI kI haiN| zAntidevI ke do hAthoM meM padma haiM / mandira para jaina paramparA meM anullikhita nau caturbhuja deviyAM bhI utkoNa haiM / inakI nicalI bhujAoM meM sarvadA abhaya(yA varada - ) mudrA evaM phala ( yA jalapAtra ) haiM / pahalI gajavAhanA devI kI UparI bhujAoM meM trizUla evaM zUla, dUsarI devI kI bhujAoM meM sanAlapadma evaM kheTaka, tIsarI devI kI bhujAoM meM trizUla, cauthI devI kI bhujAoM meM khaDga evaM abhayamudrA, pAMcavIM devI kI bhujAoM meM pAza evaM padma, chaThIM siMhavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM aMkuza evaM dhanuSa, sAtavIM gajavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM zUla evaM pAza, AThavIM devI kI bhujAoM meM gadA evaM pAza, aura navIM siMhavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM aMkuza evaM pArA pradarzita haiM / la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka nandIzvara dvIpa paTTa mandira kI cahAradIvArI ke samIpa kI dIvAra para utkIrNa hai / nandIzvara dvIpa paTTa kA sambhavataH yaha prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa hai / varmANa mahAvIra mandira -- varmANa (pAlI) meM paravartI navIM zatI I0 kA eka mahAvIra mandira hai / " isa zvetAmbara mandira meM 24 devakulikAeM saMyukta haiM / mandira meM mahAvIra, ambikA evaM mahAlakSmI kI mUrtiyAM haiM / sevar3I mahAvIra mandira - sevar3I (pAlI ) kA mahAvIra mandira ( zvetAmbara) gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA caturviMzati jinAlaya hai / mandira kI bhIttiyoM para dvibhuja apraticakrA evaM vairoTryA mahAvidyAoM, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, kSetrapAla, brahmazAnti yakSa evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM haiM / dvibhuja kSetrapAla nirvastra hai aura gadA evaM sarpaM se yukta hai / zmazru evaM pAdukA se yukta brahmazAnti ke hAthoM meM akSamAlA evaM jalapAtra haiM / gUr3hamaNDapa ke dvArazAkhAoM para cakrezvarI, nirvANI evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| garbhagRha ke praveza dvAra para yakSiyoM evaM mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvidyAoM meM rohiNI, vajrAMkuzA, gAMdhArI, vairoTyA, acchuptA, prajJapti evaM mahAmAnasI kI pahacAna sambhava hai / uttaraMga kI jina AkRti ke pAva meM puruSadattA, cakrezvarI evaM kAlI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| tIna deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / pahalI naravAhanA 1 zvetAmbara mandiroM meM navagrahoM kA citraNa anyatra durlabha hai / 2 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pu0ni0, pR0 345-46 3 anyatra vizeSa lokapriya prajJapti, acchuptA evaM mAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM hai / 4 13vIM - 14vIM zatI I0 ke do anya udAharaNa kuMbhAriyA ke neminAtha evaM rANakapura ke AdinAtha (caumukhI) maMdiroM meM haiM -- sTa0 jai0A0, pR0 119-21 DhAkI, ema0e0, pu0ni0, pR0 327-28 6 pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1907-08, pR0 53; DhAkI, ema0 e0 pU0ni0, pR0 337-40 "

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] devI kI do bhujAoM meM pustaka, dUsarI nAgavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM pAtra evaM daNDa, aura tIsarI ajavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM khaDga evaM phalaka haiN| nADola nADola yA naDDula (pAlI) meM padmaprabha, neminAtha evaM zAntinAtha ko samarpita gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke tIna zvetAmbara jaina mandira haiN| neminAtha mandira neminAtha mandira ke zikhara para cakrezvarI evaM zAntidevI kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| dakSiNo zikhara para kisI jina ke janma-kalyANaka kA dRzya hai jisameM eka bAlaka (jina) caturbhuja indra kI goda meM baiThA hai / indra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unakI nicalI bhujAyeM goda meM haiM tathA UparI meM aMkuza evaM vajra haiM / jagatI kI eka vaSabhavAhanA (?) devI kI bhujAoM meM gadA pradarzita hai / devI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| gUr3hamaNDapa kI pazcimI bhitti para caturbhaja kRSNa nirUpita haiN| kRSNa samabhaMga meM khar3e haiM aura kirITamukuTa, channavIra aura vanamAlA se alaMkRta haiN| unakI UparI bhajAoM meM gadA aura cakra haiN| sambhavataH neminAtha mandira hone ke kAraNa hI kRSNa ko yahAM AmUrtita kiyA gyaa| zAntinAtha mandira-mandira kI bhitti para strI dikpAloM kI AkRtiyAM haiN| jaMghA kI mUrtiyoM meM kevala gaurI mahAvidyA kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai| bhitti kI gajavAhanA aura bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, parazu, mudgara evaM jalapAtra, tathA varadAkSa, trizUla, nAga evaM phala se yukta do deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| padmaprabha mandira-padmaprabha mandira nADola kA vizAlatama jaina mandira hai| mandira kI bhittiyoM para apraticakrA, vairoTayA evaM vajrazRMkhalA mahAvidyAoM evaM aSTa-dikpAloM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| adhiSThAna para sarvAnubhUti yakSa evaM ambikA yakSI kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| adhiSThAna kI padma, khaDga aura jalapAtra se yukta eka yakSa kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| yahAM zAntidevI kI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyAM (11) haiN| zAntidevI kI UparI bhujAoM meM sanAla padma aura nicalI meM varadamudrA evaM phala haiN| vINA aura pustaka dhAriNI sarasvatI kI bhI cAra mUtiyAM haiN| adhiSThAna para vajrAMkuzA (1), kA (3), mahAkAlI (1), kAlI (1) mahAvidyAoM evaM mahAlakSmI kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiM / trizUla sarpa, phala; do UparI bhujAoM meM muka; aura gadA evaM dhanuSa dhAraNa karane vAlI tIna deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| nAGalAI nADlAI (pAlI) meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke zvetAmbara jaina mandira haiN| yahAM ke mukhya mandira AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ko samarpita haiN| inameM AdinAtha mandira vizAlatama evaM prAcIna hai| mandira ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki mandira mUlataH mahAvIra ko samarpita thaa| isakA nirmANa dasavIM zatI I0 ke anta meM huA / mandira ke garbhagRha kI dahalIja para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kI dvibhuja mUtiyAM haiN| neminAtha evaM pArzvanAtha mandiroM kA nirmANa gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM huaa| ina para mUrtiyAM nahIM utkIrNa haiN| kevala zAntinAtha mandira (11vIM zatI I0) para hI jaina devoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| 1 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 343-45 2 vahI, pR0 343 3 devI varadamudrA, aMkuza, trizUla-ghaNTA evaM kuNDikA se yukta haiN| 4 kAlI kI UparI bhujAoM meM gadA evaM sanAla padma haiN| vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa kI mUti meM bhI kAlI kI bhujAoM meM gadA evaM sanAla padma pradarzita haiM / 5 DhAkI, ema0 e0, pU0ni0, pR0 341-42 / zAntinAtha mandira ke atirikta anya mandiroM para mUrtiyAM nahIM utkIrNa haiN| 6 sAhityika paramparA meM isa mandira ke nirmANa kI tithi 908 I0 hai-DhAkI, ema0e0, pU0ni0.10 341

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna zAntinAtha mandira kI mUrtiyAM kevala adhiSThAna para utkIrNa haiN| inameM caturbhuja mahAvidyAoM, zAntidevI, sarasvatI evaM yakSoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / varadamudrA, trizUla, sarpa evaM jalapAtra; aura varadamudrA, daNDa, padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta do devatAoM kI sambhAvita pahacAna kramazaH Izvara aura brahmazAnti yakSoM se kI jA sakatI hai| mahAvidyAoM meM kevala rohiNI, vajrAMkuzI' evaM apraticakrA' kI hI mUrtiyAM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM deviyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / pahalI devI varadamudrA, aMkuza evaM jalapAtra, aura dUsarI varadamudrA, pAza, padma evaM dhanuSa (?) se yukta hai| vedikAbandha para kAma-kriyA meM rata 50 yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| AbU vimalavasahI-AbU (sirohI) sthita vimalavasahI AdinAtha ko samarpita hai / yaha zvetAmbara mandira apane zilpa vaibhava ke lie vizva prasiddha hai| vimalavasahI ke mUlaprAsAda aura gUr3hamaNDapa caulukya zAsaka bhImadeva prathama ke daNDanAyaka vimala dvArA gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha (1031I0) meM banavAye gye| raMgamaNDapa, bhramikA aura 54 devakulikAoM kA nirmANa kumArapAla ke mantrI pRthvIpAla evaM pRthvIpAla ke putra dhanapAla ke kAla (1145-89 I0) meM huaa| kuMbhAriyA ke jaina mandiroM kI bhAMti vimalavasahI kI jina mUrtiyAM bhI mUlaprAsAda, gar3hamaNDapa evaM devakUlikAoM meM sthApita haiM / devakUlikAoM kI jina mUrtiyoM para 1062 I0 se 1188 I0 ke lekha haiN| vimalavasahI kI jina mUrtiyoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM kuMbhAriyA kI jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna haiN| adhikAMzataH jina dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya kI zAntidevI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, padma, padma (yA pustaka) evaM kamaNDalu haiN| supArzva aura pArzva ke sAtha kramazaH pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| anya jinoM kI pahacAna ke AdhAra pIThikA lekhoM meM utkIrNa unake nAma haiN| pArzvavartI cAmaradharoM kI eka bhujA meM cAmara hai aura dUsarI meM ghaTa hai yA jAnu para sthita hai| mUlanAyaka ke pAzrthoM meM jina mUrtiyoM ke utkIrNa hone para cAmaradharoM kI mUrtiyAM mUrti choroM para banI haiM / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM sAmAnyataH supArzva yA pArzva nirUpita haiN| Upara do dhyAnastha jina bhI AmUrtita haiN| siMhAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSo yugala nirUpita haiM / RSabha, supArzva evaM pArzva kI kucha mUrtiyoM ke atirikta anya udAharaNoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| devakUlikAoM evaM gar3hamaNDapa ke dahalIjoM para bhI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| garbhagRha evaM devakulikA 21 kI do RSabha mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI haiN| devakulikA 19 kI supArzva mUrti meM gajArUr3ha yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai para yakSI pAramparika hai / devakulikA 4 kI pArzva mUrti (1188 I0) meM yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI haiN| ...... devakUlikA 17 meM eka jina caumukhI hai| poThikA lekhoM ke AdhAra para caumukhI ke tIna jinoM kI pahacAna kramazaH RSabha, candraprabha evaM mahAvIra se sambhava hai| tIna jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhati evaM ambikA haiM, para RSabha ke sAtha 1 gajArUr3ha evaM varadamudrA, aMkuza (?), pAza aura jalapAtra se yukta / 2 varadamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM jalapAtra se yukta / 3 pUrva-madhyakAlIna kucha jaina granthoM meM bhI aise ullekha haiM jinase kalAkAroM ne kAma-kriyA se sambandhita mUrtiyoM ke jaina mandiroM para aMkana kI preraNA prApta kI hogI-harivaMzapurANa (jinasena kRta) 29.1-5 / . . 4 jayantavijaya, munizrI, holI AbU (anu0 yU0 pI0 zAha), bhAvanagara, 1954, pR0 28-29; DhAkI, ema0 e0, 'vimalavasahI kI DeTa kI samasyA' (gujarAtI), svAdhyAya, khaM0 9, aM0 3, pR0 349-64 5 mUlanAyaka kI mUrtiyAM adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM gAyaba haiN| 6 eka jina caumukhI (devakulikA 17) meM vajrAMkuzI bhI utkIrNa hai| 7 gUDhamaNDapa ke dakSiNI praveza-dvAra para cakrezvarI utkIrNa hai|

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] gomukha evaM cakrezvarI nirUpita haiN| devakulikA 20 meM eka jina samavasaraNa bhI surakSita hai| bhramikA ke vitAnoM para jinoM ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiM / devakulikA 9 aura 16 ke vitAnoM para jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM ke aMkana haiN| para inameM jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / devakulikA 10 ke vitAna para nemi aura devakUlikA 12 ke vitAna para zAnti ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiM / bArahavIM zatI I0 ke eka paTTa para 170 jina AkRtiyAM banIM haiN| __ anya zvetAmbara sthaloM ke samAna hI vimalavasahI meM bhI mahAvidyAoM kA citraNa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| yahAM 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika aMkana ke do udAharaNa haiN| eka udAharaNa raMgamaNDapa meM aura dUsarA devakulikA 41 ke vitAna para hai| raMgamaNDapa ke 16 mahAvidyAoM ke nirUpaNa meM pAramparika vAhana evaM Ayudha pradarzita haiN| mahAvidyAeM donoM udAharaNoM meM tribhaMga meM khar3I haiN| raMgamaNDapa ke udAharaNa meM mahAvidyAeM caturbhuja aura devakulikA 41 ke udAharaNa meM SaDbhuja haiN| raMgamaNDapa kI kucha mahAvidyAoM ke nirUpaNa meM hindU devakUla ke muti-vaijJAnika-tatvoM kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| prajJapti kI bhujA meM zakti ke sthAna para kukkuTa kA pradarzana hindU kaumArI kA prabhAva hai / 2 gaurI kA vAhana godhA ke sthAna para vRSabha hai jo hindU zivA kA prabhAva hai / apraticakrA kI kevala do bhujAoM meM cakra, mahAkAlI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM nara ke sthAna para haMsa, mahAjvAlA ke sAtha biDAla yA zUkara ke sthAna para siMhavAhana, kAlI kI bhujA meM pustaka, gAMdhArI kI bhujA meM pAza, aura mAnasI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM haMsa ke sthAna para meSa ke citraNa kucha aisI vizeSatAeM haiM jinakA jaina granthoM meM ullekha nahIM miltaa| acchuptA kI bhujAoM meM khaDga aura phalaka bhI nahIM pradarzita haiN| devakulikA 41 kI SaDbhuja mahAvidyAoM ko madhya kI do bhujAoM se sAmAnyataH jJAnamudrA vyakta hai, aura unakI nicalI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA aura phala (yA kamaNDalu) haiM / isa prakAra mahAvidyAoM ke viziSTa Ayudha kevala do UparI bhujAoM meM hI pradarzita haiN| inameM vAhana bhI nahIM utkIrNa haiM / raMgamaMDapa kI mahAvidyAoM aura devakulikA41 kI mahAvidyAoM ke mUrti lakSaNoM meM paryApta antara dRSTigata hotA hai / yahAM apraticakrA kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| eka meM UparI bhujAoM meM cakra, evaM dUsare meM gadA aura cakra haiM / aMkuza-pAza, trizUla-cakra, vINA-pustaka evaM sUka-pustaka dhAraNa karane vAlI cAra mahAvidyAoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| kevala rohiNI, vajrAMkuzA, apraticakrA, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, puruSadattA, gaurI, mAnavI evaM mahAkAlI mahAvidyAoM kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika aMkanoM ke atirikta unakI aneka svatantra mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| inameM mukhyataH rohiNI, apraticakrA,vajrAMkuzA, vajrazRGkhalA, vairoTyA, puruSadattA, acchuptA evaM mahAmAnasI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mAnavI, gaurI, gAMdhArI evaM mAnaso ko kevala kucha hI mUrtiyAM haiN| SoDazabhuja rohiNI (devakulikA 11), acchuptA (devakulikA 43), vairoTyA (devakulikA 49) evaM viMzatibhuja mahAmAnasI (devakulikA 39) kI mUtiyAM lAkSaNika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| mahAvidyAoM ke atirikta ambikA, sarasvatI, zAntidevI evaM mahAlakSmI kI bhI aneka mUrtiyAM haiM / siMhavAhanA ambikA kI dvibhuja aura caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 54) / haMsavAhanA sarasvatI kI bhujAoM meM varadAkSa (kamaNDalu), sanAlapadma, pustaka aura vINA (yA sraka) haiN| sarasvatI kI eka SoDazabhuja mUrti devakulikA 44 ke vitAna para hai / mahAlakSmI sarvadA dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake zIrSa bhAga meM do gajoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| devI kI nicalI bhujAeM goda meM haiM aura UparI bhujAoM meM padma pradarzita haiN| devI ke padmAsana para kabhI-kabhI navanidhi ke sUcaka nau ghaTa utkIrNa haiN| 1 raMgamaNDapa ko mahAvidyAoM ke nirUpaNa meM gukhyataH nirvANalikA ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| 2 vimalavasahI kI hI kucha mUrtiyoM meM prajJapti ke donoM hAthoM meM zUla bhI pradarzita hai| 3 raMgamaNDapa se saTe vitAna para vairoTyA kI eka viziSTa mUrti hai| sahasraphaNa pArzva mUrti ke samAna hI isameM bhI vairoTyA cAroM ora sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM se veSTita hai / usake hAthoM meM khaDga, sarpa, kheTaka aura sarpa haiM / 4 acchuptA kI bhujAoM meM khar3aga aura kheTaka ke sthAna para dhanuSa aura bANa haiN| 5 zAntidevI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN|

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4 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sarvAnubhUti' evaM brahmazAnti yakSoM aura aSTa-dikpAloM kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| eka SaDbhuja mUrti meM brahmazAnti yakSa kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, chatra, sanAlapadma, pustaka evaM kamaNDalu haiM / raMgamaNDapa se saTe vitAna para indra kI dazabhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| raMgamaNDapa ke uttara aura chajjoM para 10 aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / devakulikA 40 ke vitAna para mahAlakSmI kI jisake cAroM ora SaDbhuja aSTa-dikpAloM kI sthAnaka AkRtiyAM banI haiN| dakSiNa ke eka mUrti hai prArambha kI tIna deviyAM vimalavasahI ke adhikAMza deviyAM caturbhuja haiM aura unakI vimalavasahI meM 16 aisI deviyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / atirikta kumAriyA, tAraMgA evaM anya zvetAmbara sthaloM para bhI lokapriya thIM / nicalI bhujAoM meM koI mudrA (abhaya yA varada), evaM kamaNDalu (yA phala) pradarzita haiM / ataH yahAM hama kevala UparI bhujAoM kI hI sAmagrI kA ullekha kreNge| pahalI vRSabhavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM trizUla evaM sarpaM haiM / dUsarI devI kI bhujAoM meM trizUla haiN| donoM deviyoM para hindU zivA kA prabhAva hai / tIsarI siMhavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza haiN| cauthI devI ne padmakalikA evaM pAza dhAraNa kiyA hai| pAMcavIM devI gadA evaM pustaka 3, aura chaThIM devI pustaka evaM trizUla se yukta haiM / sAtavIM gajavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM aMkuza haiN| AThavIM devI ke hAthoM meM gadA aura pAza, aura navIM devI ke hAthoM meM kalaza haiN| dasavIM govAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM dhvaja hai / gyArahavIM devI kI bhujAoM meM trizUla - ghaMTa, aura bArahavIM devI kI bhujAoM meM dhana kA thailA hai / terahavIM siMhavAhanA devI kI bhujAoM meM pAza haiM / caudahavIM siMhavAhanA devI vajra evaM musala se yukta haiM / pandrahavIM SaDbhuja devI kA vAhana mRga hai, aura usake karoM meM zaMkha evaM dhanuSa haiM / solahavIM gajavAhanA devI ne zaMkha evaM cakra dhAraNa kiyA hai / raMgamaNDapa ke samIpa ke ardhamaNDapa ke vitAna para bharata evaM bAhubalI ke yuddha, aura bAhubalI kI tapazcaryA ke aMkana haiM / samIpa hI ArdrakumAra kI kathA bhI utkIrNa hai / devakulikA 29 ke vitAna para kRSNa ke jIvana kI kucha pramukha ghaTanAoM, jaise kAliyadamana, cANUra-yuddha, kandukakrIr3A ke dRzya bhI utkIrNa haiM / devakulikA 46 ke vitAna para poDazabhuja narasiMha kI mUrti hai / narasiMha ko hiraNyakazyapu kA udara vidIrNa karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / lUNavasahI - AbU (sirohI) sthita lUNavasahI kA nirmANa caulukya zAsaka vIradhavala ke mahAmantrI tejapAla ne 1230 I0 (vi0 saM0 1287) meM karAyA / " yaha zvetAmbara mandira neminAtha ko samarpita hai / lUNavasahI kI bhramantikA meM 1236 I0 ke madhya kI jaina mUrtiyAM surakSita haiM / kucha rathikAoM meM samAna hI lUNavasahI meM bhI jinoM, mahAvidyAoM, ambikA yakSI evaM kula 48 devakulikAeM haiM, jinameM 1230 I0 se - 1240 I0 kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| vimalavasahI ke zAntidevI kI mUrtiyAM aura jinoM evaM kRSNa ke jIvanadRzya haiM / jina mUrtiyoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM vimalavasahI aura kuMbhAriyA kI jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna haiM / mUlanAyaka ke pArzva meM kAyotsarga meM jinoM ke utkIrNana kI paramparA yahAM lokapriya nahIM thI / garbhagRha kI nemi mUrti ke atirikta anya kisI udAharaNa meM lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai / kevala supArzva evaM pArzva ke sAtha sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiM / anya jinoM kI pahacAna kevala pIThikA lekhoM meM utkIrNa nAmoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / raMgamaNDapa ke vitAna para dhyAnastha jinoM kI 72 mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yaha vartamAna, bhUta evaM bhaviSya jinoM kA sAmUhika aMkana pratIta hotA hai| aisA hI eka paTTa devakulikA 41 meM bhI surakSita hai / hastizAlA meM dona maMjila kI eka jina caumukhI surakSita hai / devakulikAoM ke vitAnoM para jinoM ke jIvanadRzya haiM / devakulikA 9 aura 1 sarvAnubhUti yakSa kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiM / 2 prathama do deviyoM ke atirikta anya deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM kevala praveza dvAroM para hI haiM / 3 raMgamaNDapa kI kAlI mUrti se tulanA ke AdhAra para ise kAlI se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / 4 jayantavijaya, munizrI, pU0ni0, pR0 56-63 5 vahI, pR0 91-92

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] 11 ke vitAnoM para nemi ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiN| devakUlikA 16 ke vitAna para pAva ke jIvanadRzya haiN| devakUlikA 19 meM eka paTTa hai jisa para munisuvrata ke jIvana se sambandhita azvAvabodha evaM zakunikA vihAra kI kathAeM utkIrNa haiN| raMgamaNDapa ke vitAna para 16 mahAvidyAoM kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / vrajAMkuzI, kAlI, puruSadattA, mAnavI, vairoTayA, acchuptA, mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM ke atirikta anya sabhI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM navIna haiM / mahAvidyAoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa kI 16 mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM ke samAna haiN| vimalavasahI se bhinna yahAM mAnavI kI UparI bhujAoM meM aMkUza aura pAza pradarzita haiN| rohiNI, puruSadattA, gaurI, kAlI, vajrazRMkhalA evaM acchuptA mahAvidyAoM kI kaI svatantra mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| ambikA (7), mahAlakSmI (5) aura zAntidevI kI bho kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| devakulikA 24 kI ambikA mUrti ke parikara meM rohiNI, mAnavI, puruSadattA, apraticakrA Adi mahAvidyAoM evaM brahmazAnti yakSa kI laghu AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| raMgamaNDapa ke samIpa ke vitAna para aSTabhuja mahAlakSmI kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM devI kI pAMca bhujAoM meM padma aura zeSa meM pAza, abhayamudrA aura kalaza haiN| haMsavAhanA sarasvatI kI kaI caturbhuja evaM SaDbhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM devI vINA, padma evaM pustaka se yukta hai| cakrezvarI yakSI kI kevala eka mUrti (devakulikA 10) hai| garuDavAhanA yakSI aSTabhuja hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, vyAkhyAnamudrA, challA, challA, padmakalikA, cakra evaM phala haiN| gUr3hamaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra para padmAvatI ko do mUrtiyAM haiN| caturbhujA padmAvatI varadAkSa, sarpa, pAza evaM phala se yukta hai aura usakA vAhana sambhavataH naka hai| brahmazAnti yakSa kI eka SaDbhuja mUrti raMgamaNDapa se saTe vitAna para hai| zmazru evaM jaTAmukuTa se zobhita brahmazAnti kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM varadAkSa, abhayamudrA, padma, muka, vajra aura kamaNDalu pradarzita haiN| dharaNendra yakSa kI eka caturbhuja mUrti gUDhamaNDapa ke praveza-dvAra (dakSiNI) ke caukhaTa para hai| dharaNendra ko tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM varadAkSa, sarpa evaM sarpa haiN| lUNavasahI meM cAra aisI bhI deviyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| pahalI devI kI UparI bhujAoM meM pAza evaM aMkuza, dUsarI kI bhujAoM meM dhana kA thailA, tosarI kI bhujAoM meM gadA evaM aMkuza, aura cauthI kI mujAoM meM daNDa haiM / raMgamaNDapa se saTe vitAna para trizala evaM zUla se yukta eka SaDbhuja devatA nirUpita hai| devatA ke donoM pAryoM meM siMha aura zUkara kI AkRtiyAM haiN| yaha sambhavaH kapaddi yakSa hai| gUr3hamaNDapa ke pazcimI praveza-dvAra kI caukhaTa para sarpavAhana se yakta eka caturbhuja devatA kI mUrti hai| devatA kI bhujAoM meM bANa, gadA evaM zaMkha haiN| devatA kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| sarvAnubhUti yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM hai / ajamukha naMgameSI kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiM / naigameSI kI eka bhujA meM sadaiva eka bAlaka pradarzita hai| raMgamaNDapa ke samIpa ke vitAna para kRSNa-janma evaM unakI bAla-krIr3A ke kucha dRzya utkIrNa haiN| jAlora jAlora kI pahAr3iyoM para bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI I0 ke tIna zvetAMbara jaina mandira haiM, jo AdinAtha, pAkhanAtha evaM mahAvIra ko samarpita haiN|' mahAvIra mandira caulukya zAsaka kumArapAla ke zAsanakAla kA hai| mahAvIra mandira jAlora ke jaina mandiroM meM vizAlatama aura zilpa sAmagrI kI dRSTi se samRddha bhI hai| AdinAtha aura pArzvanAtha mandira terahavIM zatI I0 ke haiN| sabhI mandiroM kI mUrtiyAM khaNDita haiN| pAzvanAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa kI dIvAra meM bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka paTTa hai jisa para munisuvrata ke jIvana kI azvAvabodha evaM zakunikA vihAra kI kathAeM utkIrNa haiN| yahAM kevala mahAvIra mandira kI mativaijJA nika sAmagrI kA hI ullekha kiyA jAyagA / 1 pro.ri.0A0sa0I0,ve0sa0, 1905-08, pR0 34-35; jaina, ke0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 120 2 jAlora lekha (1164 I0) se jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra mandira mUlataH pArzvanAtha ko samarpita thaa| mandira ke garbhagRha meM Aja 17 vIM zatI I0 kI mahAvIra mUrti hai-nAhara, pI0 sI0, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1918, pR0 239, lekha saM0 899

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna mandira para zAntidevI (40), mahAlakSmI (7), mahAvidyAoM, ambikA, sarasvatI evaM dikpAloM kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiM / zAntidevI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, padma, padma aura jalapAtra haiN| do gajoM se abhiSikta mahAlakSmI ke karoM meM abhayAkSa (yA varadAkSa), padya, padma evaM jalapAtra haiN| padmAsana meM virAjamAna mahAlakSmI ke Asana ke nIce nau ghaTa (navanidhi ke sUcaka) utkIrNa haiM / jaMghA para mahAvidyAoM kI savAhana mUrtiyAM haiM / inameM kevala rohiNI (3), vajrAMkuzI (7), apraticakrA (3), mahAkAlI (2), gaurI (3), mAnavI (2), acchuptA (1) evaM mAnasI (5) kI hI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAkAlI kA vAhana mAnava ke sthAna para padya hai| gaurI ke sAtha vAhana rUpa meM godhA aura vRSabha donoM hI pradarzita haiM / haMsavAhanA mAnasI kI UparI bhujAoM meM vajra ke sthAna para khaDga evaM pustaka pradarzita haiN| mandira para aSTa-dikpAloM ke do samUha utkIrNa haiN| inameM sAmAnya pAramparika vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiN| gar3hamaNDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti para jaTAmukuTa evaM meSavAhana (?) se yukta brahmazAnti yakSa (?) kI eka mUrti hai| yakSa kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM sUka, pustaka evaM padma haiN| ambikA kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| adhiSThAna kI eka mUrti meM siMhavAhanA ambikA kI nicalI bhujAoM meM AmralaMbi evaM bAlaka aura uparI bhujAoM meM do cakra pradarzita haiN| gUDhamaNDapa kI pUrvI devakulikA ke praveza-dvAra kI apraticakrA evaM vajrAMkuzI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM tIna aura pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra bhI pradarzita haiN| sambhava hai devakulikAoM kI supArzva yA pArzva kI mUrtiyoM ke kAraNa mahAvidyAoM ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita hue hoM / samprati ina devakulikAoM meM satrahavIM zatI I0 ko jina mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira meM kucha aisI bhI deviyAM haiM jinakI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| gUr3hamaNDapa kI pazcimI bhitti kI vRSabhavAhanA (?) devI kI UparI bhujAoM meM do vajra haiN| gUr3hamaNDapa kI dakSiNI jaMghA kI dUsarI vRSabhavAhanA devI varadAkSa, zUla, padmakalikA evaM jalapAtra se yukta hai| gUr3hamaNDapa evaM mUlaprAsAda kI pazcimI bhittiyoM para UparI bhujAoM meM bANa aura kheTaka dhAraNa karanevAlI do deviyAM utkIrNa haiN| eka udAharaNa meM vAhana padma hai aura dUsare meM nara / gUr3hamaNDapa kI pUrvI jaMghA kI siMhavAhanA devI kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM varadAkSa, ghaNTA aura ghaNTA pradarzita haiN| gar3hamaNDapa kI pUrvI devakUlikA kI gajavAhanA devI varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM jalapAtra se yukta hai| AbU roDa sTezana se lagabhaga 6 kilomITara dUra sthita candrAvatI (sirohI) se gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI dasa jaina matiyAM milI haiN| inameM dvibhuja ambikA evaM jinoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| sirohI jile ke AsapAsa ke anya kaI kSetroM se bhI jaina matiyAM milI haiN| jharolA kA zAntinAtha mandira, naDiyAda kA mahAvIra mandira evaM jhADolI aura muMgathalA ke jaina mandira gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 ke haiN| cittaur3a jile kA sammidhezvara mandira bArahavIM zatI I0 kA hai| isa mandira para apraticakrA, vajrAMkuzI aura vajrazRMkhalA mahAvidyAoM evaM dikpAloM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| kojarA, vAghiNa, pAladhI, phalodI, sarapara. sAMgAnera, jhAlarApATana, aTarU, lodravA, kRSNavilAsa, nAgora, bagherA evaM mAroTha Adi sthaloM se bhI gyArahavIMbArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / bharatapura meM bharatapura, kaTarA, bayAnA, jaghInA; koTA meM zeragaDha: bAMsavADA meM talavara evaM arthaNA aura alavara meM parAnagara evaM bahAdurapura se gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 ko aneka digaMbara jaina matiyAM milI haiM / bijauliyA meM cAhamAna zAsakoM ke kAla meM nirmita pArzvanAtha ke pAMca mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa haiN| uttara pradeza devagar3ha (lalitapura) evaM mathurA uttara pradeza ke sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa madhyayagIna jaina sthala haiN| yahAM se AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI pracura zilpa sAmagrI milI hai| uttara pradeza kI jaina mUrtiyAM digaMbara sampradAya se sambaddha . 1 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'candrAvatI kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 4-5, pR0 145-47 2 pro0ri0A0sa060,ve0sa0,1909, pR0 60,1909-10, pR0 47,1911-12, pR053; jaina, ke0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 117-18, 120-22, 132 3 TADa, jemsa, enAlsa aiNDa ainTikviTIja oNva rAjasthAna, khaM0 2, landana, 1957, pR0 595

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] haiN| isa kSetra meM jinoM kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huii| jinoM meM RSabha aura pAzvaM sabase adhika lokapriya the / lokapriyatA ke krama meM RSabha aura pArva ke bAda mahAvIra evaM nemi kI mUrtiyAM haiN| ajita, sambhava, supArzva, vimala, candraprabha, suvidhi, zAnti, malli' evaM munisuvrata kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| jina mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM, lAMchanoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA niyamita citraNa huA hai| RSabha, nemi evaM kucha udAharaNoM meM pArva, mahAvIra aura zAnti ke sAtha vaiyaktika viziSTatAoM vAle pAramparika yA apAramparika yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| anya jinoM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yA sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA AmUrtita haiM / nemi ke sAtha devagar3ha, mathurA evaM baTezvara kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM balarAma aura kRSNa bhI AmaMtita haiM (citra 27, 28) / cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA yakSiyoM kI svatantra mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiM / sarvAnubhUti yakSa, bAhubalI, bharata cakravartI, sarasvatI, kSetrapAla, jaina yagala, jina caumukhI evaM jina cauvIsI kI bhI aneka mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiN| la0 navIM zatI I0 taka isa kSetra kI sabhI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (DI7) kI la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dvibhuja ambikA mUrti meM balarAma, kRSNa, gaNeza evaM kubera kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI do RSabha (je 78) aura munisuvrata (je 776) mUrtiyoM meM balarAma aura kRSNa kI bhI mUrtiyAM banI haiN| isI saMgrahAlaya kI 1006 I0 kI eka munisuvrata mUrti (je 776) ke parikara meM vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita jIvantasvAmI kI do laghu mUrtiyAM citrita haiN| jIvantasvAmI kI do AkRtiyAM isa bAta kA saMketa detI haiM ki mahAvIra ke atirikta bhI anya jinoM ke jIvantasvAmI svarUpa kI kalpanA kI gaI thii| ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM kauzAmbI, pabhosA evaM lacchagiri Adi sthaloM se prApta dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 9 jaina mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN| inameM candraprabha, zAnti evaM jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 17, 19) / " sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya meM vimala kI eka mUrti (236) hai (citra 18) / devagar3ha devagar3ha (lalitapura) meM navIM (862 I0) se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI vaividhyapUrNa evaM pracura jaina mUrti sampadA surakSita hai| kisI samaya isa sthala para 35 se 40 jaina mandira the| samprati yahAM 31 jaina mandira haiN| yahAM lagabhaga 1000-1100 jaina mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM stambhoM, praveza-dvAroM Adi kI laghu AkRtiyAM sammilita nahIM haiN| devagar3ha kI jaina zilpa sAmagrI digaMbara sampradAya se sambandhita hai / mandira 12 (zAntinAtha mandira) evaM mandira 15 navIM zatI I0 ke haiN| jaina murtivijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mandira 12 kI bhitti kI 24 yakSiyAM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiM (citra 48) / 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA yaha prAcInatama udAharaNa hai| mandira kI bhitti para kula 25 deviyAM haiN| inameM do deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM pazcima kI devakulikAoM kI dIvAroM ke pIche chipI haiN| bhitti kI yakSiyAM tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake zIrSa bhAga meM dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| jinoM evaM yakSiyoM ke nAma unakI AkRtiyoM ke nIce likhe haiN| jinoM ke sAtha lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiN| yahAM taka ki RSabha kI jaTAeM aura supArzva evaM pArzva ke sarpaphaNa bhI nahIM pradarzita haiN| 24 jinoM kI sUcI meM tIna jinoM (va jita, sambhava, sumati) ke nAma nahIM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM nAma spaSTa 1 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM kucha zvetAMbara mUrtiyAM bhI haiM-je 142, 143, 144, 145, 776, 885, 949 2 RSabha kI lokapriyatA kI puSTi na kevala mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA varan RSabha ke sAtha ambikA evaM lakSmI jaisI lokapriya deviyoM ke nirUpaNa se bhI hotI hai| 3 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 885 4 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 793, 65.53, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA 37.2738, devagar3ha (mandira 2) 5 caMdra, pramoda, sTona skalpacara ina di elAhAbAda myUjiyama, bambaI,1970, pR0 138,142-44,147,153,158 6 ji0i030, pR0 1 7 kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 258 ji0i0de0, pR0 98-107 9 donoM AkRtiyAM stana se yukta haiN| ataH unakA deviyAM honA nizcita hai|

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68 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna nahIM haiM aura pazcimI devakulikA ke pIche kI jina mUrti ke nAma kI jAnakArI sambhava nahIM hai| pahale jina RSabha se sAtaveM jina supArzva kI mUrtiyAM pAramparika krama meM bhI nahIM utkIrNa haiM / ' yakSiyoM meM kevala cakrezvarI, anantavIryA, jvAlAmAlinI, bahurUpiNI, aparAjitA, tArAdevI, ambikA, padmAvatI evaM siddhAya ke hI nAma digambara paramparAsammata haiM / anya yakSiyoM ke nAma kisI sAhityika paramparA meM nahIM prApta hote / yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki kevala cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI hI paramparA ke anusAra sambandhita jinoM (RSabha, nemi, pA) ke sAtha nirUpita haiM / lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki kevala ambikA kA hI lAkSaNika svarUpa niyata ho sakA thaa| kucha yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM jaina mahAvidyAoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / para unake nAma mahAvidyAoM se bhinna haiM / sAhityika sAkSya meM paricita kucha yakSiyoM ke aMkana karane, mayUravAhinI evaM sarasvatI nAmoM se sarasvatI aura bhinna nAmoM se mahAvidyAoM ke svarUpa kA anukaraNa karane ke bAda bhI caubIsa kI saMkhyA pUrI na hone para anya yakSiyAM sAdI, samarUpa evaM vyaktigata viziSTatAoM se rahita haiM / isa prakAra devagar3ha meM pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSI kI kalpanA to kI gaI para ambikA ke atirikta anya kisI yakSI kI mUrtivaijJAnika vizeSatAeM sunizcita nahIM huI / meM devagar3ha kI svatantra jina mUrtiyAM aSTa-prAtihAryo, lAMchanoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta haiM (citra 8, 15, 38 ) / 4 jina mUrtiyoM meM laghu jina AkRtiyoM evaM navagrahoM ke citraNa vizeSa lokapriya the| kabhI-kabhI parikara kI 23 laghu jina mUrtiyAM mUlanAyaka ke sAtha milakara jina caubIsI kA citraNa karatI haiM / RSabha kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM skandhoM ke nIce taka laTakatI lambI jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| pArzva kI sarpakuNDaliyAM bhI ghuTanoM yA caraNoM taka prasArita haiN| eka udAharaNa ( mandira 6) pArzva ke donoM ora nAga AkRtiyAM aura dUsare ( mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI ) meM pAdava ke Asana para lAMchana rUpa meM kukkuTa - sarpa aMkita haiM ( citra 31, 32) / devagar3ha meM kevala 11 jinoM kI mUrtiyAM milI / ye jina RSabha (70 se adhika), ajita ( 6 ), sambhava (10), abhinandana ( 1 ), padmaprabha (1), supArzva (4), candraprabha (10), zAnti (6), nemi (26), pArzva (50 se adhika ) evaM mahAvIra ( 9 ) haiM (citra 8, 15, 27, 31, 32, 38 ) / pAramparika yakSa-yakSa kevala RSabha, nemi evaM pArzva ke sAtha nirUpita haiM / candraprabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha svatantra kintu paramparA meM aNita yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiM / anya jinoM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / kucha udAharaNoM meM RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / " sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA devagar3ha ke sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa-yakSI haiM / lokapriyatA ke krama meM gomukha-cakrezvarI kA dUsarA sthAna hai / ' mandira 2 kI la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM balarAma aura kRSNa bhI AmUrtita haiM (citra 27) / jinoM kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta devagar3ha meM dvitorthI (50), tritIrthI (15), caumukhI (50) mUrtiyAM evaM caubIsI paTTa bhI haiM (citra 62, 64, 65, 75) / dvitIrthI evaM tritIrthI jina mUrtiyoM meM do yA tIna jina kAyotsarga 2 tiloyapaNNatti 4.937-39 1 RSabha ke pUrva abhinandana aura bAda meM vardhamAna kA ullekha huA hai / 3 yakSiyoM kI vistRta lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM chaTheM adhyAya meM vivecita haiM / 4 RSabha evaM pArzva kI kucha vizAla mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiM / pArzva ke sAtha lAMchana eka hI udAharaNa meM utkIrNa hai / 5 eka tritIrthI jina mUrti meM kuMthu aura zItala kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM | 6 mandira 4 kI 10vIM zatI I0 kI eka RSabha mUrti meM yakSa anupasthita hai aura siMhAsana choroM para ambikA evaM cakrezvarI nirUpita haiM / 7 mandira 4, 8 aura 11 kI RSabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ambikA hai| eka meM ambikA ke mastaka para sarpaphaNa kA chatra bhI pradarzita hai / 8 mandira 1 kI candraprabha mUrti meM yakSa gomukha | mandira 16 kI nemi mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI haiM /

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] mudrA meM sAdhAraNa pIThikA yA siMhAsana para prAtihAryoM evaM lAMchanoM ke sAtha khar3e haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM (mandira 1,19,28, la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI yagala bhI citrita haiN| mandira 1 aura 2 kI la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do tritIrthI mUrtiyoM meM jinoM ke sAtha kramazaH sarasvatI aura bAhubalI kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM (citra 65, 75) 1 jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH kevala do hI jinoM ko pahacAna kramazaH RSabha evaM pArzva (yA supArzva) se sambhava hai / kevala eka caumukhI (mandira 26) meM vRSabha, kapi, ardhacandra evaM mRga lAMchanoM ke AdhAra para sabhI jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava hai| do udAharaNoM (mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI) meM cAroM jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI bhI AmUrtita haiN| sthAnIya sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya meM eka jina caubIsI pada bhI hai| paTTa kI 24 jina mUrtiyAM lAMchanoM, aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yagaloM se yakta haiM / mandira 5 meM 1008 jinoM kA citraNa karane vAlI eka vizAla pratimA (11vIM zatI I0) hai| RSabha patra bAibalI kI chaha mUrtiyAM (10 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0) haiM (citra 74, 75) 2 bAhabalI kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiM aura unakI bhujAoM, caraNoM evaM vakSasthala se mAdhavI lipaTo hai| zarIra para vazcika evaM sarpa Adi jantu bhI utkIrNa haiM / RSabha putra bharata cakravartI kI bhI cAra (10 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0) mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 70) / inameM marata kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura unake Asana para gaja evaM azva AkRtiyAM, aura pAzvoM meM kubera, navanidhi ke sUcaka navavaTa evaM cakravartI ke anya lakSaNa (cakra, vajra, khaDga) citrita haiN| yakSiyoM meM ambikA sarvAdhika lokapriya thii| usakI 50 se bhI adhika mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 51) / ambikA ke bAda sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM cakrezvarI kI haiN| cakrezvarI kI caturbhuja se vizatibhuja mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 45. 46) / rohiNI. padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA (mandira 5, uttaraMga) yakSiyoM aura sarasvatI evaM lakSmI kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 47.65) / mandira 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke stambha (9vIM zatI I0) para brahmazAnti yakSa (yA agni) kI eka caturbhuja mUrti hai| devatA kI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, suka, pustaka evaM kalaza pradarzita haiN| yahAM kSetrapAla (6) aura kubera (? mandira 8) kI bhI matiyAM haiN| mandira 12 ke praveza-dvAra para 16 mAMgalika svapna utkIrNa haiN| mandira 5, 12 aura 31 ke praveza-dvAroM, svatantra uttaraMgoM evaM jina mUrtiyoM para navagrahoM kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| dvArazAkhAoM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| jaina yugaloM kI 40 mUrtiyAM haiM, jinameM puruSa evaM strI donoM kI eka bhujA meM bAlaka, aura dUsare meM puSpa (yA phala yA koI mudrA) pradarzita haiM / mandira 4 aura 30 meM jinoM kI mAtAoM kI do mUrtiyAM (11 vIM zatI I0) haiN| devagar3ha meM jaina AcAryoM kA citraNa vizeSa lokapriya thaa| sthApanA ke samIpa virAjamAna jaina AcAryoM kI dAhinI bhujA se vyAkhyAna-(yA jJAna-yA-abhaya-) mudrA vyakta hai aura bAyIM meM pustaka hai| devagar3ha ke mandira 18 kI dvArazAkhAoM para jaina-paramparA-viruddha kucha citraNa haiN| mayUra pIcikA se yukta eka nagna jaina sAdhu ko eka strI ke sAtha AliMgana kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| devagar3ha ke atirikta madanapura, dudahI, cAMdapura evaM sironI khurda Adi sthaloM se bhI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ina sthaloM se mukhyataH RSama, pAzrva, zAnti, sambhava, candra prabha, cakrezvarI, ambikA, sarasvatI evaM kSetrapAla kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| 1 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'e yUnIka tri-tIrthika jina imeja phrAma devagar3ha', lalitakalA, aM0 17, pR0 41-42; 'e noTa Ana sama bAhubalI imejeja phAma nArtha iNDiyA', IsTa ve0, khaM0 23, aM0 3-4, pR0 352-53 2 tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'bAhubalI', pU0ni0, pR0 352-53 3 jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI bAhubalI ke sAtha bhI aSTa-prAtihArya aura yakSa-yakSI yugala (mandira 2, 11) pradarzita haiN| 4 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 ko do mUrtiyAM mandira 2 aura 1, evaM eka mUrti mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI para haiN| 5 zAstrI, paramAnanda jaina, 'madhya bhArata kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM01-2, pR0 57-58; buna, klAja, 'jaina tIrthaz2a ina madhya deza : dudahI, cAMdapura', jainayuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 29-33, varSa 2, apraila 1959, pR0 67-70

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h f madhya pradeza madhya pradeza meM lagabhaga sabhI kSetroM meM AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke jaina mandira evaM mUrti avazeSa mile haiM / ye avazeSa mukhyataH gyArasapura, khajurAho, gaMdhAvala, ahAr3a, padhAvalI, naravara, Una, navAgar3ha, gvAliyara, satanA ( patiyA dAI mandira), ajayagar3ha, canderI, ujjaina, gunA, zivapura, zahaDola, terahI, damoha, bAnapura Adi sthaloM para haiM / madhya pradeza kA jaina zilpa digaMbara sampradAya se sambaddha hai / [ jaina pratimAvijJAna madhya pradeza meM jina mUrtiyAM sarvAdhika haiM / inameM RSabha, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM sabase adhika haiM / ajita, sambhava, supArzva, padmaprabha, zAnti, munisuvrata evaM nemi kI bhI paryApta mUrtiyAM haiN| jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM, aSTa-prAtihAryo evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / kucha udAharaNoM meM navagraha bhI utkIrNa haiM / pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kevala RSabha, nemi, pArzva evaM kucha udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra ke sAtha nirUpita haiM / anya jinoM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSayakSI haiN| jinoM kI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI, comukhI evaM caubIsI mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiM / 72 aura 108 jinoM kA aMkana karane vAle paTTa bhI mile haiN| yakSiyoM meM kevala cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA kI hI svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / inameM ambikA evaM cakrezvarI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiM / patiyAnadAI mandira (satanA) kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka ambikA mUrti ke parikara meM anya 23 yakSiyAM bhI nirUpita haiM (citra 53 ) | yaha mUrti samprati ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya ( e0ema0 293 ) meM hai / yakSoM meM kevala gomukha evaM sarvAnubhUti kI hI svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / mahAvidyAoM ke citraNa kA ekamAtra sambhAvita udAharaNa khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira ke maNDovara para dekhA jA sakatA hai / sarasvatI, lakSmI, jaina yugaloM, bAhubalI, jaina AcAryoM, 16 mAMgalika svapnoM Adi ke bhI aneka udAharaNa haiM / satanA ke samIpa kA patiyAnadAI mandira la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 kA hai / baDoha kA gADaramala jaina mandira la0 navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kA hai| gvAliyara kile evaM samIpa ke sthaloM se guptakAla se Adhunika yuga taka kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM | gvAliyara sthita telI ke mandira se la0 navIM zatI I0 kI eka RSabha mUrti milI hai / " gyArasapura evaM khajurAho ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA yahAM vistAra se ullekha kiyA gayA hai / gyArasapura gyArasapura (vidizA ) kA mAlAdevI mandira digaMbara jaina mandira hai / kucha jaina mUrtiyAM gyArasapura ke hindU mandira bajarAmaTha ke prakoSThoM meM bhI surakSita haiM / mAlAdevI mandira -- mAlAdevI mandira kA nirmANa navIM zatI I0 ke uttarArdha yA dasavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha meM huaa| kucha samaya pUrva taka ise hindU mandira samajhA jAtA thA / ' garbhagRha evaM bhitti kI jina evaM cakrezvarI aura ambikA 1 aSTa- prAtihAryo meM sAmAnyataH azoka vRkSa nahIM utkIrNa hai / 2 kaniMghama, e0, A0saM0I0ri0, khaM0 9, pR0 31-33; pro0ri0A0sa0I0, ve0sa0, 1919 - 20, pR0 108-09: sTa0jai0 A0, pR0 18 3 draSTavya, tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'e noTa oNna di phigarsa oNva siksaTIna jaina gaoNDesesa oNna di AdinAtha 'Tempala aiTa khajurAho', IsTa ve0 ( svIkRta ) 4 kaniMghama, e0, pU0ni0, pR0 31-33 5 kaniMghama, e0 A0sa0I0ri0, 1864-65, khaM0 2, pR0 362-65; sTa0jai0 A0, pR0 23-24 6 kRSNa deva, 'mAlAdevI Tempala aiTa gyArasapura, ma0je0vi0go0ju0vA, bambaI, 1968, pR0 260 7 brAuna, parsI, pu0ni0, pR0 115 8 kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 269

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] mUrtiyoM ke mAdhAra para isakA jaina mandira honA nirvivAda hai| garbhagRha meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI pAMca jina mUrtiyAM haiM / garbhagRha kI dakSiNI bhitti para siMha-lAMchana se yukta mahAvIra kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) hai / zAnti evaM nemi kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM maNDapa kI uttarI aura dakSiNI rathikAoM meM surakSita haiM / mandira kI jaMghA kI rathikAoM meM dikpAla evaM jaina yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira ke maNDovara kI rathikAoM meM dvibhuja se dvAdazabhuja deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / adhikAMza deviyoM kI nizcita pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| kevala cakrezvarI (3),ambikA (3),padmAvatI (4) yakSiyoM, pArzva yakSa (1) aura sarasvatI kI hI pahacAna saMbhava hai| uttarI adhiSThAna kI eka caturbhuja devI kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, padma aura padma pradarzita haiN| devI lakSmI yA zAntidevI hai / garbhagRha kI bhitti para bhI padma dhAraNa karanevAlI dvibhuja devI kI ATha mUrtiyAM haiN| jaMghA kI bahubhujI deviyAM dvipadmAsana para lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| pUrvo bhitti kI aSTabhujA devI ke Asana ke nIce do mukhoM vAlA mayUra jaisA koI pakSI (sambhavataH kukkuTa-sarpa) hai| devI kI avaziSTa bhujAoM meM tUNIra, padma, cAmara, cAmara, dhvaja, sarpa aura dhanuSa prazita haiM / kRSNadeva ne vAhana ko kukkuTa-sarpa mAnA hai aura usI AdhAra para devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna padmAvatI se kI hai| para usI sthala kI anya padmAvatI mUrtiyoM ke zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNoM kA pradarzana, jo isa mUrti meM anupasthita hai, isa pahacAna meM bAdhaka hai| yaha devI dUsarI yakSI prajJapti, yA terahavIM yakSI vairoTyA bhI ho sakatI hai| dakSiNI jaMghA kI gajavAhanA evaM caturbhujA devI ke karoM meM khaDga, cakra, kheTaka aura zaMkha haiM / gajavAhana evaM cakra ke AdhAra para devI kI saMbhAvita pahacAna pAMcavIM yakSo puruSadattA se kI jA sakatI hai| dakSiNI jaMghA kI dUsarI devI aSTabhuja hai aura usakA vAhana azva hai / devI kI avaziSTa bhujAoM meM khaDga, padya (jisakA nicalA bhAga zRMkhalA ke samAna hai , kalaza, ghaNTA, phalaka, Amralumbi aura phala pradarzita haiM / azvavAhana aura khaDga ke AdhAra para devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna chaThIM yakSI manovegA se kI jA sakatI haiM / dakSiNo jaMghA kI tIsarI mRgavAhanA devI caturbhujA hai / devI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, nIlotpala evaM phala haiN| mRgavAhana aura padya evaM varadamudrA ke AdhAra para devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna gyArahavIM yakSI mAnavI se kI jA sakatI hai| pazcimI jaMghA kI caturbhujA devI ke padmAsana ke samIpa makaramukha (vAhana) utkIrNa hai / Asana ke nIce eka paMkti meM navanidhi ke sUcaka nau ghaTa haiN| devI kI avaziSTa bhujAoM meM padma evaM darpaNa haiM / makaravAhana aura padma ke AdhAra para devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna bArahavIM yakSI gAMdhArI se kI jA sakatI hai| para nau ghaToM kA citraNa isa pahacAna meM bAdhaka hai| uttarI adhiSThAna kI eka dvAdazabhuja devI lohAsana para virAjamAna hai| lohAsana ke nIce sambhavataH gajamastaka utkIrNa hai| devI kI surakSita bhujAoM meM padma, vajra, cakra, zaMkha, puSpa aura padma haiN| lohAsana aura zaMkha evaM cakra ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna dUsarI yakSI rohiNI se kI jA sakatI hai / uttarI jaMghA para jhaSavAhanA caturbhajA devI nirUpita / devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, padma aura phala haiN| vAhana ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna kisI digaMbara yamI se sambhava nahIM hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM jhaSavAhana aura padma pandrahavIM yakSI kandarpA se sambandhita haiN| ___ pUrvI jaMghA para azvavAhanA caturbhujA devI AmUrtita hai / devI ke karoM meM vajra,daMDa (zIrSa bhAga para paMkhayukta mAnava Akati cAmara aura chatra haiN| kRSNadeva ne devI kI pahacAna hindU deva revanta kI zakti se kI hai| jaina mUrtiyoM ke sandarbha meM yaha pahacAna ucita nahIM pratIta hotI hai / sambhavataH yaha sAtavIM yakSI manovegA hai| garbhagRha kI jaMghA para dvibhuja sarasvatI 1 mUrtiyoM ke zIrSa bhAga meM laghu jina AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| 2 uttarI jaMghA para kubera evaM indra dikpAloM kI dvibhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| kubera kA vAhana gaja ke sthAna para meSa hai| 3 hamane digaMbara granthoM ke AdhAra para deviyoM kI sambhAvita pahacAna ke prayAsa kiye haiN| 4 kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 262-63 __5 kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 265

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72 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna kI tIna sthAnaka mUrtiyAM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM sarasvatI kI bhujAoM meM pustaka evaM padma (yA vyAkhyAna-mudrA) haiN| uttarI jaMghA kI tIsarI mUrti meM donoM bhujAoM meM vINA hai| bajarAmaTha-yaha dasavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha kA hindU mandira hai| para isake prakoSThoM meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM rakhI haiN| mandira ke maNDovara para sUrya, viSNu, narasiMha, gaNeza, varAha Adi hindU devoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| bAyIM ora ke pahale prakoSTha meM lAMchanarahita kintu jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha kI eka vizAla mUrti (bI 12) hai| madhya ke prakoSTha meM bhI lAMchana, jaTAoM evaM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI se yukta RSabha kI eka mUrti hai / antima prakoSTha meM RSabha, nemi, sUpArzva evaM pArzva kI cAra kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiN| khajurAho khajurAho (chatarapura) ke mandira apanI vAstukalA evaM zilpa vaibhava ke lie vizva prasiddha haiN| hindU mandiroM ke sAtha hI yahAM candela zAsakoM ke kAla ke kaI jaina mandira bhI haiN| samprati yahAM tIna prAcIna (pArzvanAtha, AdinAtha, ghaMTaI) aura 32 navIna jaina mandira haiN| vartamAna meM pArzvanAtha aura AdinAtha mandira hI pUrNataH surakSita haiN| khajurAho kI jaina zilpa sAmagrI digaMbara sampradAya se sambaddha hai aura usakI samaya-sImA la0 950 I0 se 1150 I0 hai| pArzvanAtha mandira-pArzvanAtha mandira jaina mandiroM meM prAcInatama aura sthApatyagata yojanA evaM marta alaMkaraNoM kI dRSTi se sarvotkRSTa evaM vizAlatama hai| kRSNadeva ne pArzvanAtha mandira ko dhaMga ke zAsanakAla ke prArambhika dinoM (95070 I.) meM nirmita mAnA hai|5 pArzvanAtha mandira mUlataH prathama tIrthaMkara RSabha ko samarpita thaa| garbhagRha meM sthApita 1860 I0 ko kAle prastara kI pAzvanAtha mUrti ke kAraNa hI kAlAntara meM ise pArzvanAtha mandira ke nAma se jAnA jAne lagA / garbhagRha meM mUla pratimA ke siMhAsana aura parikara surakSita haiN| mUla pratimA kI pIThikA para RSabha ke lAMchana (vRSabha) aura yakSa-yakSI (gomukha evaM cakrezvarI) utkIrNa haiM / sAtha hI mUlanAyaka ke pAryoM kI supArzva aura pArzva mUrtiyAM bhI surakSita haiN| maNDapa ke lalATa-bimba para bhI cakrezvarI kI hI mUrti hai| mandira kI bAhya bhittiyoM para tIna (ktiyoM meM deva mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / / mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se kevala nicalI do paMktiyoM kI mUrtiyAM hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| UparI paMkti meM kevala puSpamAla se yukta vidyAdhara yugala, ganrdhava evaM kinnarakinnariyoM kI uDDIyamAna AkRtiyAM utkIrNita haiN| madhya kI paMkti meM vibhinna deva yugaloM, lakSmI evaM jinoM (lAMchana rahita) Adi kI mUrtiyAM haiN| nicalI paMkti meM jinoM, aSTa-dikpAloM, devayugaloM (zakti ke sAtha AliMgana-mudrA meM), ambikA yakSI, ziva, viSNu, brahmA evaM vizvaprasiddha apsarAoM kI mUtiyAM haiM / 1 brAuna, parsI, pU0ni0, pR0 115 2 kaniMghama, e0, A0sa060ri0, 1864-65, khaM0 2, pR0 431-35; brAuna, parsI, pU0ni0, pR0 112-13 3 navIna jaina mandiroM meM bhI candelakAlIna jaina mUrtiyAM rakhI haiN| navona jaina mandiroM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha hamane 1970 meM una mandiroM para aMkita sthAnIya saMkhyA ke anusAra kiyA hai| 4 jinoM kI nirvastra matiyAM aura 16 mAMgalika svapnoM ke citraNa digaMbara saMpradAya kI vizeSatAeM haiN| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAMbara sampradAya meM mAMgalika svapnoM kI saMkhyA 14 hai| 5 kRSNa deva, 'di Tempalsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA', aiM0zi060. aM0 15. pR0 55 6 buna, klAz2a, 'di phigara oNva TU loara rilIphsa Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho',. AcArya zrI vijaya vallabhasUri smAraka grantha, baMbaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 7 pArzvanAtha mandira kI darpaNa dekhatI, patra likhatI, paira se kAMTA nikAlatI, paira meM pAyajeba bAMdhatI kucha apsarA mUrtiyAM apanI bhAvabhaMgimAoM evam zilpagata vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa vizvaprasiddha haiN|

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mati avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa 1 73 nicalI donoM paMktiyoM kI deva yugala evaM svatantra mUrtiyoM meM devatA sadaiva caturbhuja haiN| para devatAoM kI zaktiyAM dvibhujA haiN| sabhI mUrtiyAM tribhaMga meM khar3I haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM zakti kI eka bhujA AliMgana-mudrA meM hai aura dUsarI meM darpaNa yA pana hai / tAtparya yaha ki vibhinna devoM ke sAtha pAramparika zaktiyoM, yathA viSNu ke sAtha lakSmI, brahmA ke sAtha brahmANI, ke sthAna para sAmAnya evaM vyaktigata vizeSatAoM se rahita deviyAM nirUpita haiN| svatantra deva mUrtiyoM meM ziva (19), viSNu (10) evaM brahmA (1) kI mUrtiyAM haiN| devayugaloM meM ziva (9), viSNu (7), brahmA (1), agni (1), kubera (1), rAma )3 evaM balarAma (1) kI mUrtiyAM haiN| ambikA (2), cakrezvarI (1),sarasvatI (6),lakSmI (5) evaM trimukha brahmANI (3) kI bhI matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| jina, ambikA evaM cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta maNDovara kI anya sabhI matiyAM hinda devakula se sambandhita aura prabhAvita haiM / uttarI evaM dakSiNI zikhara para kAma-kriyA meM rata do yugala citrita haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho ke dulAdeva, lakSmaNa, kandariyA mahAdeva, devI jagadambI evaM vizvanAtha mandiroM para utkIrNa kAma-kriyA se sambandhita vibhinna mUrtiyoM meM anekazaH muNDita-mastaka, nirvastra evaM mayUrapIcikA lie jaina sAdhuoM ko ratikriyA ko vibhinna mudrAoM meM darazAyA gayA hai / lakSmaNa mandira kI uttarI bhitti ko aisI eka digambara mUrti meM jaina sAdhu ke vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna bhI utkIrNa hai| harivaMzapurANa (29.1-5) meM eka sthAna para jina mandira meM sampUrNa prajA ke kautUka ke lie kAmadeva aura rati kI mUrti banavAne aura mandira ke kAmadeva mandira ke nAma se prasiddha hone ke ullekha haiN| ye bAteM jaina dharma meM Aye zithilana kA saMketa detI haiN| garbhagRha kI bhItti para aSTa-dikpAla, jinoM, bAhubalI evaM ziva (8) kI mUtiyAM haiN| uttaraMgoM para dvibhuja navagrahoM (3 samUha) aura dvAra-zAkhAoM para makaravAhinI gaMgA aura kUrmavAhinI yamunA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| ___ maNDapa kI bhitti kI jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| para garbhagRha kI bhitti kI jina mUrtiyoM (9) meM lAMchana', aSTa-prAtihArya evaM yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| yakSa-yakSI sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA jalapAtra) se yukta haiM / lAMchanoM ke AdhAra para abhinandana, sumati (?), candraprabha evaM mahAvIra kI pahacAna sambhava hai| mandira kI jina mUrtiyAM mUrtivaijJAnika dRSTi se prArambhika koTi kI haiN| jinoM ke svatantra yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa abhI nahIM ho pAyA thaa| garbhagRha kI dakSiNI mitti para bAhubalI kI eka mUrti hai| siMhAsana para kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e bAhubalI ke sAtha jina mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatAeM (siMhAsana, cAmaradhara, uDDIyamAna gandharva) pradarzita haiN| bAhubalI ke pAzvoM meM vidyAriyoM kI do AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| ghaNTaI mandira-kRSNa deva ne sthApatya, mUrtikalA aura lipi sambandhI sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para ghaNTaI mandira ko dasavIM zatI I0 ke anta kA nirmANa mAnA hai|' mandira ke ardhamaNDapa ke uttaraMga para lalATa-bimba ke rUpa meM aSTabhUja cakrezvarI kI mati utkIrNa hai jo mandira ke RSabhadeva ko samarpita hone kI sUcaka hai| uttaraMga para dvibhuja navagrahoM evaM 1 devayugaloM kI kucha mUrtiyAM mandira ke anya bhAgoM para bhI haiN| 2 vibhinna devatAoM kA zaktiyoM ke sAtha AliMgana-mudrA meM aMkana jaina paramparA ke viruddha hai| jaina paramparA meM koI bhI devatA apanI zakti ke sAtha nahIM nirUpita hai, phira zakti ke sAtha aura vaha bhI AliMgana-mudrA meM citraNa kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| 3 mandira ke dakSiNI zikhara para rAmakathA se sambandhita eka dRzya bhI utkIrNa hai| klAMtamukha sItA azoka vATikA meM baiThI haiM aura hanumAna unheM rAma kI aMgUThI de rahe haiM-tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'e noTa Ana aina imeja A~va rAma aiNDa sItA Ana di pAzvanAtha Tempala, khajurAho', jaina jarnala, khaM0 8, aM0 1, pR0 30-32 4 draSTavya, tripAThI,ela0ke0, di erATika skalpacarsa oNva khajUrAho aiNDa deyara prAbebala eksaplAnezana'. bhAratI. aM03. pR0 82-104 5 kevala cAra udAharaNoM meM lAMchana spaSTa haiM / 6 prAcInatama mUrti jUnAgar3ha saMgrahAlaya meM hai| 7 harivaMzapurANa 11.101 8 kRSNa deva, pU0ni0, pR0 60 10

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74 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna gomukha (8) kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| gomukha AkRtiyoM kI bhujAoM meM padma aura ghaTa haiN| praveza-dvAra para 16 mAMgalika svapna aura gaMgA-yamunA kI mUrtiyAM bhI aMkita haiM / chatoM aura stambhoM para jinoM evaM jainAcAryoM kI laghu mUrtiyAM haiM / AdinAtha mandira-yojanA, nirmANa zailI evaM mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se AdinAtha mandira khajurAho ke vAmana mandira (la. 1050-75 I0) ke nikaTa hai| kRSNadeva ne isI AdhAra para mandira ko gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke uttarArdha meM nirmita mAnA hai| garbha gRha meM 1158 I0 kI kAle prastara kI eka AdinAtha mati hai| lalATa-bimba para cakrezvarI AmUrtita hai| mandira ke maNDovara para mUrtiyoM kI tIna samAnAntara paMktiyAM haiN| Upara kI paMkti meM gandharva, kinnara evaM vidyAdhara matiyAM haiN| madhya kI paMkti meM cAra konoM para tribhaMga meM ATha caturbhuja gomukha AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| ATha gomukha AkRtiyAM sambhavataH aSTa-vAsukiyoM kA citraNa hai| inake karoM meM varadamudrA, cakrAkAra sanAla padma (yA parazu), cakrAkAra sanAla padma evaM jalapAtra haiN| nicalI paMkti meM aSTa-dikpAloM kI caturbhuja matiyAM haiN| dakSiNI adhiSThAna para lalitamudrA meM AsIna caturbhuja kSetrapAla kI mUrti hai / kSetrapAla kA vAhana zvAn hai aura karoM meM gadA, nakulaka, sarpa evaM phala pradarzita haiN| siMhavAhanA ambikA kI tIna aura garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| ___AdinAtha mandira ke maNDovara kI 16 rathikAoM meM 16 deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| ye mUrtiyAM mUrtivaijJAnika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kI haiN| bhinna AyudhoM evaM vAhanoM vAlI svatantra deviyoM kI sambhAvita pahacAna 16 mahAvidyAoM se kI jA sakatI hai| lalitamudrA meM AsIna yA tribhaMga meM khar3I deviyAM cAra se ATha bhujAoM vAlI haiN| uttara aura dakSiNa kI bhittiyoM para 7-7 aura pazcima kI bhitti para do deviyAM utkIrNa haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM rathikA-bimba kAphI virUpa haiM, jisakI vajaha se unakI pahacAna kaThina ho gaI hai| kevala kucha hI deviyoM ke nirUpaNa meM pazcima bhArata ke lAkSaNika granthoM ke nirdezoM kA AMzika anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sabhI deviyAM vAhana se yukta haiM aura unake zIrSa bhAga meM laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / deviyoM ke skandhoM ke Upara sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta deviyoM kI do choTI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / digaMbara granthoM se tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para kucha deviyoM kI sambhAvita pahacAna ke prayAsa kiye gaye haiM / vAhanoM yA kucha viziSTa AyudhoM yA phira donoM ke AdhAra para jAMbUnadA, gaurI, kAlI, mahAkAlI, gAMdhArI, acchuptA evaM vairoTayA mahAvidyAoM kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| mandira ke praveza-dvAra para vAhana se yukta caturbhuja deviyAM nirUpita haiN| inameM kevala lakSmI, cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI kI hI nizcita pahacAna sambhava hai|" dahalIja para do caturbhuja puruSa AkRtiyAM lalitamudrA meM utkIrNa haiM / inakI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu evaM cakrAkAra padma haiN| devatA kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / dahalIja ke bAyeM chora para mahAlakSmI kI mati hai| dAhine chora para trisarpaphaNA aura padmAsanA devI kI mUrti hai| devI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| praveza-dvAra para makaravAhinI gaMgA evaM kUrmavAhinI yamunA aura 16 mAMgalika svapna utkIrNa haiN| zAntinAtha mandira-zAntinAtha mandira (mandira 1) meM zAnti kI eka vizAla kAyotsarga pratimA hai / kaniMghama ne isa mati para 1028 I0 kA lekha dekhA thA, jo samprati plAsTara ke andara chipa gayA hai| 1 vahI, pR0 58 2 khajurAho ke caturbhuja evaM dUlAdeva hindU mandiroM para bhI samAna vivaraNoM vAlI ATha gomukha AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| ___ inakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA (yA varadAkSa), trizUla (yA sruka), pustaka-padma evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| 3 madhya bhArata meM 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA yaha ekamAtra sambhAvita udAharaNa hai| 4 uttarI bhitti kI do rathikAoM ke bimba samprati gAyaba haiN| 5 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira ke praveza-dvAra kI mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 5, pR0 218-21 6 kaniMghama, e0, A0sa0I0ri0, 1864-65, khaM0 2, pR0 434

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] prAcIna jaina mandiroM ke atirikta sthAnIya saMgrahAlayoM evaM navIna jaina mandiroM meM bhI jaina martiyAM surakSita haiN| unakA bhI saMkSepa meM ullekha apekSita hai| khajarAho kI prAcInatama jina matiyAM pArzvanAtha mandira kI haiN| khajurAho se dasavIM se bArahavIM zatII0 ke madhya kI lagabhaga 250jina matiyAM milI haiM (citr42)| ye mUrtiyAM zrIvatsa evaM lAMchanoM se yukta haiN| yahAM jinoM kI dhyAnastha matiyAM apekSAkRta adhika haiM / supAzrva evaM pArzva adhikAMzataH kAyotsarga meM nirUpita haiM / aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta jina matiyoM ke parikara meM navagrahoM evaM jinoM kI choTI matiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| sabhI jinoM ke sAtha svatantra yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiM / kevala RSabha (gomukha-cakrezvarI), nemi (sarvAnubhUti-ambikA),pArzva (dharaNendra-padmAvatI) evaM mahAvIra (mAtaMga-siddhAyikA) ke sAtha hI pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / anya jinoM ke sAtha vaiyaktika viziSTatAoM se rahita sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| khajurAho meM kevala RSabha (60), ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArva, candraprabha, zAnti, munisuvrata, nemi, pAvaM (11) evaM mahAvIra (9) kI hI mUrtiyAM haiM / yahAM dvitIrthoM (9), tritIrtho (1, mandira 8) aura caumukhI (1, purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho 1588) jina mUrtiyAM bhI haiM (citra 61, 63) / mandira 18 ke uttaraMga para kisI jina ke dIkSA-kalyANaka kA dRzya hai / jaina yugaloM (7) evaM AcAryoM kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| jaina yugaloM ke zIrSa bhAga meM vRkSa evaM laghu jina mUrti utkIrNa haiM / strI kI bAyIM bhajA meM sadaiva eka bAlaka pradarzita hai| ambikA (11) evaM cakrezvarI (13) khajurAho kI sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSiyAM haiM (citra57) / pArzvanAtha mandira ko dakSiNI jaMghA kI eka dvibhuja mUrti ke atirikta ambikA sadaiva caturbhaja hai| cakrezvarI cAra se dasa bhujAoM vAlI hai| padmAvatI kI bhI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira 24 ke uttaraMga para siddhAyikA kI bhI eka mUrti hai / azvavAhanA manovegA kI eka mUrti purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (940) meM hai / yakSoM meM kevala kubera kI hI svatantra mUrtiyAM (4) milI haiN| anya sthala jabalapura-bheMDAghATa mArga ke samIpa tripurI ke avazeSa haiM jisameM cakrezvarI, padmAvatI, RSabha evaM nemi kI mUrtiyAM haiN| bilhArI (jabalapura) meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kA jaina mandira evaM mUrti avazeSa haiN| mandira ke praveza-dvAra para pArzva aura bAhubalI kI mUrtiyAM haiM / yahAM se cakrezvarI evaM bAhubalI kI bhI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| jabalapura se ara kI eka mUrti milI hai| zahaDola se RSabha, pAva, padmAvatI, jaina yugala evaM jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM (11vIM zatI I0) prApta huI haiM (citra55) / Una (indaura) aura ahAr3a (TIkamagar3ha) se gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 67) / ahAr3a se zAnti (1180 I0), kuMthu, ara evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI haiN| ahAr3a se kucha dUra bAnapura evaM jatarA se bhI jaina mUrtiyAM (12 vIM-13 vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| TIkamagar3ha sthita navAgar3ha se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandira evaM mati avazeSa mile haiN| yahAM se ara (1145 I0) aura pAvaM kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| vidizA ke baDoha evaM paThArI se dasavIgyArahavIM zatI I0 ke jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiN| paThArI se ambikA evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| rIvAM evaM gurgI se jinoM evaM jaina yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM (11 vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| devAsa aura gaMdhAvala se prApta jaina mUrtiyoM (11 vI-12 vIM zatI I0) meM pArzva evaM viMzatibhuja cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyAM ullekhanIya haiN| . 1 jaina mUrtiyAM AdinAtha mandira ke pIche (zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya', purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya evaM jADina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| 2 isa saMkhyA meM uttaraMgoM, praveza-dvAroM evaM mandiroM ke anya bhAgoM kI laghu jina AkRtiyAM nahIM sammilita haiN| 3 kucha udAharaNoM meM RSabha, ajita, supArzva, pAvaM, munisuvrata evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiN| 4 zAstrI, ajayamitra, 'tripurI kA jaina purAtatva', jaina milana, varSa 12, aM0 2, pR0 69-72 5 sTa00A0, pR0 23; jaina, nIraja, 'atizaya kSetra ahAra', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 4, pR0 177-79 6 jaina, nIraja, 'navAgar3ha : eka mahatvapUrNa madhyayugIna jaina tIrtha', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 6, pR0 277-78 7 guptA, esa0pI0 tathA zarmA, bI0ena0, 'gandhAvala aura jaina mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, khaM0 19, aM0 1-2, pR0129-30

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna bihAra bihAra meM mukhyataH rAjagira (vaibhAra, sonabhaNDAra, maniyAra maTha), mAnabhUma evaM baksara ke vibhinna sthaloM se jaina zilpa sAmagrI milI hai / isa kSetra kI mUrtiyAM digaMbara sampradAya se sambandhita haiM / jina mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai| inameM RSabha aura pArva kI sarvAdhika matiyAM haiN| sAtha hI ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, nemi evaM mahAvIra kI bhI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana sadaiva pradarzita haiM para zrIvatsa, siMhAsana evaM dharmacakra ke citraNa meM niyamitatA nahIM prApta hotI hai| jina matiyoM meM dundubhivAdaka, gajoM aura yakSa-yakSI' kI AkRtiyAM nahIM pradarzita haiN| zIrSa bhAga meM azoka vRkSa kA citraNa vizeSa lokapriya thaa| ambikA, padmAvatI (?), jina caumukhI aura jaina yugaloM kI bhI kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiN| rAjagira kI sabhI pAMca pahAr3iyoM se prAcIna jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM vaibhAra pahAr3I para sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiM / udayagiri pahAr3I ke Adhunika jaina mandira meM pArva kI eka mUrti (9vIM zatII0) surakSita hai / vaibhAra pahAr3I ke Adhunika jaina mandira meM RSabha, sambhava,pAvaM, mahAvIra evaM jaina yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| maniyAra maTha se bhI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| vaibhAra pahAr3I kI sonabhaNDAra guphAoM meM bhI navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 kI jina mUrtiyAM haiN| mAnabhUma jile ke vibhinna sthaloM se dasavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| aluArA yAma se 29 jaina kAMsya mUrtiyAM milI haiM / " borabha grAma ke jaina mandira aura candanakyArI se 5 mIla dUra kumhArI aura kumardaga grAmoM meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI jaina matiyAM haiN| budhapura, dArikA, pabanapura, mAnagar3ha, dulabhI, begalara, anaI, katarAsagar3ha evaM arasA se bhI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiN| causA (zAhAbAda) se navIM zatII0 taka ko jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / causA grAma ke samIpa masAr3ha (ArA se 6mIla) se bhI kucha jaina avazeSa mile haiN| ArA ke AsapAsa kaI jaina mandira haiM jinameM se kucha prAcIna haiN| siMhabhama meM veNasAgara meM prAcIna jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyAM haiN|' vaizAlI se kAle prastara kI eka pAlayagIna mahAvIra mUrti milI hai| campA (bhAgalapura) se bhI kucha prAcIna jaina avazeSa mile haiN|" ur3IsA ur3IsA meM purI jile kI udayagiri-khaNDagiri pahAr3iyoM (purI) kI jaina guphAoM se sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM AThavIM-navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka kI mUrtiyAM haiN| jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ina guphAoM kI caubIsa jinoM evaM yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM vizeSa mahatva kI haiN| jeyapura, nandapura, kAkaTapura, tathA korApuTa ke bhairavasiMhapura, kyoMjhara ke poTrAsiMgIdo, mayUrabhaMja ke bar3azAhI, bAlezvara ke caraMpA aura kaTaka ke jAjapura Adi sthaloM se bhI jaina mUrti avazeSa mile haiM / kaTaka ke jAjapura sthita akhaNDalezvara evaM maitraka mandiroM ke samUhoM meM bhI jaina mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN|" 1 kevala bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA kI eka candraprabha bhUti (la0 11 vIM zatI I0) meM hI yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / rAjagira ke samIpa se milI eka RSabha mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM cakrezvarI utkIrNa haisTa00A0, phalaka 16, citra 44; A0sa0I0ai0ri0, 1925-26, phalaka 57, citra bI 2 ye matiyAM rAjagira kI pahAr3iyoM ke Adhunika jaina mandiro meM surakSita haiM / 3 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, rAjagira, dillI, 1960, pR0 16-17 4 candA, Ara0pI0, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 121-27 5 prasAda, eca0ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 283-89 6 vistAra ke lie draSTavya, pATila, DI0 Ara0, di enTikveriyana rimensa ina bihAra, paTanA, 1963 : pATila kI pustaka meM 18voM-19vIM zatI I0 taka kI sAmagriyoM ke ullekha haiN| 7 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 275 8 rAyacaudharI, pI0 sI0, jainijama ina bihAra, paTanA, 1956, pR0 64 9 ThAkUra, upendra, 'e hisTArikala sarve oNva jainiz2ama ina nArtha bihAra',ja0bi0ri0so0, khaM045,bhAga 1-4,pR0202 1. vahI, pR0 198 11 jaina jarnala, khaM0 3, aM0 4, pR0 171-74

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] 77 ur3IsA kI jaina mUrtikalA digaMbara sampradAya se sambandhita hai / yahAM bhI jina mUrtiyAM hI sarvAdhika haiM (citra58 ) / jinoM meM kramazaH pArzva, RSabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra kI sabase adhika mUrtiyAM milI haiN| jinoM ke sAtha lAMchana utkIrNa haiM | isa kSetra kI jina mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke sUcaka siMhoM kA citraNa niyamita nahIM thA / dharmacakra, devadundubhi evaM gajoM ke citraNa bhI nahIM prApta hote / jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke nirUpaNa kI paramparA nahIM thI / dvitIrthI, jina caubIsI, cakrezvarI, ambikA, rohiNI, sarasvatI evaM gaNeza kI bhI svatantra mUrtiyAM milI / yakSoM evaM mahAvidyAoM kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai / udayagiri - khaNDagiri kI lalATendukesarI ( yA siharAjA guphA), navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla ( yA hanumAna ) guphAoM meM pArzva kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN| bArabhujI evaM navamuni guphAoM meM jina mUrtiyoM ke nIce svatantra rathikAoM meM yakSiyAM nirUpita haiM / bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM ( la0 11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0) meM 24 jinoM kI lAMchanayukta mUrtiyAM haiM / trizUla guphA kI mUrtiyoM meM zItala, ananta aura nami kI pahacAna paramparAgata lAMchanoM ke abhAva meM sambhava nahIM hai / ' candraprabha ke bAda jinoM kI mUrtiyAM pAramparika krama meM bhI nahIM utkIrNa haiM / bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika citraNa meM jina kevala dhyAnamudrA meM nirUpita haiM / jina mUrtiyoM ke nIce svatantra rathikAoM meM sambandhita jinoM kI yakSiyAM AmUrtita haiM ( citra 59 ) / zrIvatsa se rahita jina mUrtiyoM meM trichatra, bhAmaNDala, dundubhi, cAmaradhara sevaka evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara citrita haiM / sambhava, sumati, supArzva, ananta evaM nemi ke lAMchana yA to aspaSTa haiM, yA phira paramparA ke viruddha haiM / jinoM kI mUrtiyAM pAramparika krama meM utkIrNa haiM / navamuni guphA (11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM jinoM kI sAta dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM utkIrNaM haiM / mUrtiyAM RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, vAsupUjya, pArzva aura nemi kI haiM / " jinoM ke sAtha bhAmaNDala, zrIvatsa evaM siMhAsana nahIM utkIrNa haiM | jina mUrtiyoM ke nIce unakI yakSiyAM AmUrtita haiM / lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSiyAM vAhana se yukta aura do se bhujAoM vAlI haiM / ajita evaM vAsupUjya kI yakSiyoM ke aMkana meM hindU devI indrANI evaM kaumArI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiM / abhinandana evaM vAsupUjya kI yakSiyoM kI goda meM paramparA ke viruddha bAlaka pradarzita hai / ajita evaM abhinandana kI yakSiyoM ke vAhana kramazaH gaja aura kapi haiM, jo sambandhita jinoM ke lAMchana haiM / guphA meM gajamukha gaNeza kI bhI eka mUrti hai jo modakapAtra, parazu, akSamAlA aura padmanalikA se yukta hai / lalATendu guphA meM jinoM kI ATha kAyotsargaM mUrtiyAM haiM | pAMca udAharaNoM meM pAkhaM utkIrNa haiM / ' khaNDagiri pahAr3I kI kucha pArzva, RSabha evaM mahAvIra kI dvitIrthI tathA ambikA mUrtiyAM briTiza saMgrahAlaya meM bhI haiM / " yahAM hama bArabhujI guphA ( khaNDagiri, purI) kI 24 yakSI mUrtiyoM kA kucha vistAra se ullekha kareMge / smaraNIya hai ki 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA yaha dUsarA jJAta udAharaNa hai / " guphA kI dvibhuja se vizatibhuja yakSiyAM vAhana se yukta 1 do jinoM ke sAtha lAMchana mayUra aura koI paudhA haiM / vajra lAMchana do jinoM ke sAtha utkIrNa haiM / 2 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, lisTa oNva ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di prAvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA, pR0 280 - 82 3 mi ke sAtha ambikA yakSI nirUpita hai / 4 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0279-80 : eka udAharaNa meM lAMchana zvAn hai aura anya do meM zUkara evaM vajra / zUkara evaM vajra do jinoM ke sAtha utkIrNaM haiM / 5 guphA meM RSabha, candraprabha evaM pArzva kI tIna anya mUrtiyAM bhI haiM / pArzva ke Asana para lAMchana rUpa meM do nAga utkIrNa haiM / 6 jaTAmukuTa se zobhita garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI yogAsana meM baiThI hai / 7 mitrA, debalA, 'zAsana devIja ina di khaNDagiri kensa', ja0e0 so0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 127-28 8 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 283 9 caMdA, Ara0 pI0, meDibala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, laMdana, 1936, pR0 71 10 prArambhikatama udAharaNa devagar3ha ke mandira 12 para hai /

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna haiM / cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM ke atirika anya ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI ke nirUpaNa meM bhI paramparA kA nirvAha kucha viziSTa lakSaNoM taka hI sImita hai| zAnti evaM munisuvrata kI yakSiyAM kramaza: dhyAnamudrA (yogAsana) meM aura leTI haiN| anya yakSiyAM lalitamudrA meM haiN| bIsa deviyAM pAyoMvAle Asana para aura zeSa cAra padma para virAjamAna haiN| kucha yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM brAhmaNa evaM bauddha devakuloM kI deviyoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM ke anukaraNa kiye gaye haiN| zAnti, ara evaM nemi kI yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kramazaH gajalakSmI, tArA (bauddha devI) aura trimukha brahmANI ke prabhAva spaSTa haiN|' 24 yakSiyoM ke atirikta isa guphA meM cakrezvarI evaM rohiNI kI do anya mUrtiyAM (dvAdazabhuja) bhI haiN| kaTaka ke jaina mandira meM kaI madhyayugIna jina mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM RSabha aura pArzva kI dvitIrtho aura bharata evaM bAhubalI se veSTita RSabha kI mUrtiyAM ullekhanIya haiM / kyoMjhara ke poTTAsiMgIdI aura bAlezvara ke carampA grAma se AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI RSabha, ajita, zAnti, pArzva, mahAvIra evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM, jo samprati rAjya saMgrahAlaya, ur3IsA meM haiN|2 baMgAla puruliyA, bAMkur3A, midanApura, sundarabana, rAr3ha evaM bardavAna ke purAtAtvika sarvekSaNa se la0 AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I. ke madhya kI jaina pratimAvijJAna kI pracura sAmagrI milI hai| baMgAla kI jaina mUrtiyAM digaMbara sampradAya se sambaddha haiM (citra 9-11, 68) / baMgAla meM jinoM, caumukhI, dvitIrthI, sarvAnubhUti, cakrezvarI, ambikA, sarasvatI aura jaina yugaloM kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| jinoM meM RSabha evaM pArzva kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN| laToM se yukta RSabha kabhI-kabhI jaTAmukuTa se zobhita haiN| RSabha evaM pAva ke bAda lokapriyatA ke krama meM zAnti, mahAvIra, nemi evaM padmaprama kI mUrtiyAM haiM / jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana sadaiva pradarzita haiM para siMhAsana, dharmacakra, azokavRkSa evaM dundubhivAdaka ke citraNa niyamita nahIM rahe haiM / jinoM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM hI adhika haiN| jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai| jina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM navagrahoM evaM 23 yA 24 laghu jina AkRtiyoM ke citraNa isa kSetra meM vizeSa lokapriya the| parikara kI laghu jina AkRtiyAM sAmAnyata: lAMchanoM se yukta haiN| jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH cAra svatantra jina citrita haiN| surohara ( dinAjapura, bAMgalAdeza ) se dhyAnastha RSabha kI eka manojJa mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) milI hai (citra 9) / mUrti ke parikara meM lAMchanoM se yukta 23 laghu jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / rAjazAhI jile ke maNDolI se milI eka RSabha mUrti meM navagraha evaM gaNeza nirUpita haiN| rAjazAhI saMgrahAlaya meM baMgAla kI ambikA evaM jaina yugala mUrtiyAM bhI saMkalita haiM / bAMkur3A meM pArasanAtha, rAnIbAMdha, ambikAnagara, kenduA, barakolA, duelabhIra, bahulara, aura puruliyA 1 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 129-33 2 jozI, arjuna, 'phardara lAiTa oNna di rimensa aiTa poTTAsiMgIdI', u0hirija0, khaM0 10, aM0 4, pR0 30-32; daza, ema0 pI0, 'jaina enTi kviTIja phAma caraMpA', u0hirija0, khaM0 11, aM0 1, pR0 50-53 3 jina caumukhI kA utkIrNana anya kisI kSetra kI tulanA meM yahAM adhika lokapriya thaa| 4 kevala eka jina mUrti (RSabha) meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana haA hai--mitra, kAlIpada, 'Ana di AiDenTiphikezana oNva aina imeja', iM0hi 0kvA0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, pR0 261-66 5 gAMgulI, kalyANakumAra, 'jaina imejez2a ina baMgAla', iNDi0 ka0, khaM0 6, pR0 138-39 6 sumati evaM supArzva ke sAtha pazu evaM padma lAMchanoM kA aMkana paramparAviruddha hai| 7 jaina jarnala, khaM0 3, aM0 4, pR0 161 8 bAMkur3A se pArzva kI sarvAdhika matiyAM milI haiM-caudharo, rabIndranAtha, 'ArkialAjikala sarve riporTa bAMkur3A DisTrikTa', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 86, aM0 1, pR0211-12

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uttara bhArata ke jaina mUrti avazeSoM kA aitihAsika sarvekSaNa ] 79 meM olI, pakbIrA, saMka evaM senArA Adi sthAnoM se jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 11, 68 ) / midanApura ke rAjapArA se zAnti (10 vIM zatI I0) evaM pArzva kI do mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiN| ambikAnagara evaM barakolA se ambikA kI mUrtiyAM, aura barakolA se RSabha ( yA suvidhi) evaM ajita tathA jina caumukhI milI haiM / ' kumArI nadI ke kinAre se dasavIM zatII0 kI pArzva evaM kucha anya jaina mUrtiyAM upalabdha huI haiM / dharapata jaina mandira se gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI pArakhaM evaM mahAvIra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / mahAvIra mUrti ke parikara meM 24 laghu jina AkRtiyAM haiM / deubherya se pArzva (parikara meM 24 jinoM se yukta), sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyAM (8 vIM - 9 vIM zatI I0) milI haiM / ambikAnagara kI eka RSabha mUrti ( 11 vIM zatI I0) ke parikara meM 24 jinoM kI lAMchana yukta mUrtiyAM haiM / " chitagiri se zAnti evaM pArasanAtha se pArzva kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| pArzva ke Asana para nAga-nAgI kI AkRtiyAM haiN| kenduA se milI pAzrva kI mUrti meM do nAga AkRtiyAM evaM cAmaradhara sevaka AmUrtita haiM / " puruliyA ke pakbIrA se RSabha, padmaprabha evaM jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM ( citra 68 ) / AsapAsa ke kSetra se bhI pArzva, jaina yugala evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyAM jJAta haiM / " bardavAna meM rena, kaTavA, ujanI Adi sthaloM se jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / " 1 jaina jarnala, khaM0 3, aM0 4, pR0 163 2 banarjI, Ara0 DI0, 'isTarna sarkila, baMgAla sarenagar3ha', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 115 3 caudharI, rabIndranAtha, 'dharapata Tempal' mADarna rivyU, khaM0 88, aM0 4, pR0 296-98 4 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0sI0baM0, khaM0 24, aM0 2, pR0 132 5 vahI, pR0 133 - 34 6 vahI, pR0 134 7 banarjI, Ara0 DI0, 'di meDivala ArTa oNva sAUtha vesTarna baMgAla', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 46, aM0 6, pR0 640-46 8 banarjI, e0, 'Treseja oNva jainijama ina baMgAla', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1 - 2, pR0 168 9 jaina jarnala, khaM03, aM0 4, pR0 165

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pazcama adhyAya jina-pratimAvijJAna isa adhyAya meM sAhitya aura zilpa ke AdhAra para jina mUrtiyoM kA saMkSepa meM kAla evaM kSetragata vikAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisameM unakI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA bhI ullekha hai| sAtha hI pratyeka jina ke mUrtivijJAna ke vikAsa kA alaga-alaga bhI adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha adhyAya 24 bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prArambha se sAtavIM zatI I0 taka ke udAharaNoM kA adhyayana kAlakrama meM tathA usake bAda kA,kSetra ke sandarbha meM sthAnIya bhinnatAoM evaM vizeSatAoM ko dRSTigata karate hue kiyA gayA hai / isa sandarbha meM pratimAvijJAna ke AdhAra para uttara bhArata ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| pahale bhAga meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna, dUsare meM uttara pradeza aura madhya pradeza tathA tIsare meM bihAra, ur3IsA aura baMgAla sammilita haiN| yakSa-yakSiyoM ke chaThe adhyAya meM bhI yahI paddhati apanAyI gayI hai| pratyeka jina ke jIvanavRtta ke saMkSepa meM ullekha ke uparAnta svatantra mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para usa jina ke mUtivijJAna ke vikAsa kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| isameM mUrtiyoM kI deza aura kAlagata vizeSatAoM kA bhI udghATana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha ho saMzliSTa yakSa-yakSI yugala kI viziSTatAoM kA bhI ati sAmAnya ullekha hai kyoMki inakA vistRta adhyayana Age ke adhyAya meM hai| adhyayana kI pUrNatA kI dRSTi se jinoM ke jIvanavRttoM ke citraNoM kA bhI isa adhyAya meM adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / caubIsa jinoM ke alaga-alaga mUrtivijJAnaparaka adhyayana ke uparAnta jinoM kI dvitIrthI, tritIrthI evaM caumukhI (sarvatobhadra-pratimA) mUrtiyoM aura caturviMzati paTToM evaM jina-samavasaraNoM kA bhI alaga-alaga adhyayana hai / adhyayana meM AvazyakatAnusAra dakSiNa bhAratIya jina mUrtiyoM se tulanA bhI kI gaI hai / jina mUrtiyoM meM jinoM kI pahacAna ke mukhyataH tIna AdhAra haiM-lAMchana, abhilekha evaM eka sImA taka yakSa-yakSI yugala / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH lAMchanoM ke sthAna para pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paramparA hI adhika lokapriya thii| jinoM kI pahacAna meM yakSa-yakSiyoM se sahAyatA kI vahIM AvazyakatA hotI hai jahAM mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana yA to naSTa ho gae haiM yA aspaSTa haiN| jina mUrtiyoM kI kSetrIya evaM kAlagata bhinnatA bhI mukhyataH lAMchana, abhilekha evaM yakSa-yakSI yugala ke citraNa se hI sambaddha hai| jina mUrtiyoM kI bhinnatA parikara kI laghu jina AkRtiyoM, navagrahoM evaM kucha anya devoM ke aMkana meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| jina-mUrtiyoM kA vikAsa ___ la. tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 se pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke madhya kI tIna prArambhika jina mUrtiyAM kramazaH lohAnIpura, causA evaM priMsa Ava velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI kI haiM (citra 2) / inameM jinoM ke vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna nahIM utkIrNa hai|' sabhI mUrtiyAM nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3I haiN| jina kI dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna mUrti sarvaprathama pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke mathurA ke AyAgapaTa (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 253) para utkIrNa huii| ullekhanIya hai ki jina mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kevala uparyukta do mudrAeM, kAyotsarga evaM dhyAna, hI prayukta huI haiN| ___la pahalI zatI I0pU0 kI causA, priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI evaM mathurA ke AyAgapaTa (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU. je 253) kI tIna prArambhika jina mUrtiyoM meM pArzva sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se AcchAdita nirUpita haiN| isa prakAra jina 1 vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa cihna kA aMkana jina mUrtiyoM kI viziSTatA aura unakI pahacAna kA mukhya AdhAra hai| zrIvatsa kA aMkana sarvaprathama la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke mathurA ke AyAgapaToM kI jina mUrtiyoM meM huaa| isake uparAnta zrIvatsa kA aMkana sarvatra huA / kevala ur3IsA kI kucha madhyayugIna jina mUrtiyoM meM zrIvatsa nahIM utkIrNa hai|

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jina-pratimAvijJAna 1 81 mUrtiyoM meM sarvaprathama pArzva kA hI vaiziSTya spaSTa huaa| pArzva ke bAda RSabha ke lakSaNa nizcita hue| mathurA kI pahalI zato I0 kI jina mUrtiyoM meM skandhoM para laTakatI jaTAoM vAle RSabha nirUpita haiN| paravartI yugoM meM bhI RSabha ke sAtha jaTAeM evaM pAvaM ke sAtha sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| pahalo-dUsarI zatI I0 meM mathurA meM pracura saMkhyA meM jinoM kI kAyotsarga evaM dhyAna mudrAoM meM svatantra mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI / RSabha evaM pAvaM ke atirikta kucha udAharaNoM meM balarAma evaM kRSNa ke sAtha nemi bhI utkIrNa haiN| anya jinoM (sambhava, munisuvrata evaM mahAvIra)' kI pahacAna kevala lekhoM meM unake nAmoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| causA kI kuSANakAlIna jina mUrtiyoM meM kevala RSabha evaM pArzva kI ho pahacAna sambhava hai| isa yuga kI sabhI jina mUrtiyAM nirvastra aMkita kI gaI haiN| isa prakAra kuSANa kAla meM kevala chaha hI jina nirUpita hue| kuSANa yuga meM mathurA meM hI sarvaprathama jina mUrtiyoM ke sAtha prAtihAryo, dharmacakra,mAMgalika cihnoM evaM upAsakoM ke utkIrNana prArambha hue / mathurA meM jaina paramparA ke ATha prAtihAryoM meM se kevala sAta hI pradarzita haiN| ye prAtihArya siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala, cAmaradhara sevaka, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara, chatra, caityavRkSa evaM divya-dhvani haiN| jinoM kI hatheliyoM, caraNoM evaM uMgaliyoM para dharmacakra evaM triratna jaise mAMgalika cihna bhI utkIrNa haiM / 2 kabhI-kabhI pArzva ke sapaMphaNoM para bhI mAMgalika cinha daSTigata hote haiN| mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI eka pAzvaM mUrti (bI 62) meM phaNoM para zrIvatsa, pUrNaghaTa, svastika, vardhamAnaka, matsya evaM naMdyAvarta aMkita haiM / kuSANa yuga meM jina caumukhI kA bhI nirmANa prArambha huA (citra 66) / inameM cAroM ora cAra jinoM kI mUrtiyAM aMkita kI jAtI haiN| cAra jinoM meM se kevala RSama evaM pAvaM kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / kuSANa yaga meM RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya bhI unkIrNa hue| inameM nIlAMjanA ke nRtya ke phalasvarUpa RSabha kI vairAgya prApti evaM mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa ke dRzya haiM (citra 12, 39) / guptakAla meM jina pratimAvijJAna meM kucha mahatvapUrNa vikAsa huaa| jinoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM evaM aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA / bRhatsaMhitA (varAhamihirakRta) meM hI sarvaprathama jina mUrti kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM bhI nirUpita hii|" grantha meM jina mUrti ke zrIvatsa cihna se yukta, nirvastra, AjAnulaMbabAha aura taruNa svarUpa meM nirUpaNa kA ullekha hai| guptakAla meM gujarAta meM (akoTA) zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI (citra 5, 36) / anya kSetroM kI jina mUrtiyAM digaMbara sampradAya kI haiN| rAjagira aura bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (161) kI do guptakAlIna nemi aura mahAvIra kI matiyoM meM jinoM ke lAMchana pradarzita haiM (citra 35) / guptakAla taka sabhI jinoM ke lAMchanoM kA nirdhAraNa nahIM ho sakA thaa| isI kAraNa RSabha, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke atirikta anya kisI jina ke sAtha lAMchana nahIM pradarzita haiM / guptakAla meM aSTaprAtihAryoM kA kana niyamita ho gayA / bhAmaNDala kuSANakAla kI tulanA meM adhika alaMkRta haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya meM 1 jyotiprasAda jaina ne mathurA kI eka kuSANakAlIna sumatinAtha mUrti (84I0) kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai-jaina, jyoti prasAda, di jaina sorseja oNva di hisTrI oNva ainzaNTa iNDiyA, dillI, 1964, pR0 268 2 jozI, ena0 pI0, 'yUsa oNva Aspizasa simbalsa ina di kuSANa ArTa aiTa mathurA', mirAzI phelisiTezana vAlyUma, nAgapura, 1965, pR0 313 . 3 vahI, pR0 314 4 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 354, je 626 5 AjAnulambabAhuH zrIvatsAGkaH prshaantmuurtishc|| digvAsAstaruNo rUpavAMzva kAryo'haMtAM devaH / / bRhatsaMhitA 58.45 draSTavya, mAnasAra 55.46,71-95 / mAnasAra (la0 chaThI zatI I0) ke anusAra jinamUrti meM do hAtha aura do netra hoM, mukha para zmazru na dikhAye jaayeN| mastaka para jaTAjUTa dikhAyA jAya / zrIvatsa se yukta jina-mUrti meM zarIra AkarSaka (sUrUpa) ho aura kisI prakAra kA AbhUSaNa yA vastra na pradarzita ho| jai0ka0sthA0, khaM03.10481

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82 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna upAsakoM se veSTita dharmacakra bhI utkIrNa hai / siMhAsana ke choroM evaM parikara para laghu jina mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana bhI prArambha huA / isI samaya kI akoTA kI jina mUrtiyoM meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora do mRgoM ke utkIrNana kI paramparA prArambha huI, jo gujarAta-rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM nirantara lokapriya rhii| yakSa-yakSI se yukta prArambhikatama jina mUrti (la0 chaThI zatI I0) akoTA se milI hai|' dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 se jina matiyoM meM niyamita rUpa se yakSa-yakSI-nirUpaNa prArambha huA / sAtavIM se navIM zatI I0 kI aisI kucha jina mUrtiyAM bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (212), mathurA evaM lakhanaU saMgrahAlayoM, tathA akoTA, osiyA (mahAvIra mandira) evaM dhAMka (kAThiyAvAr3a) meM surakSita haiM (citra 26) / ina sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sAmAnyataH dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 ke bAda kI jina mUrtiyoM meM RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pAvaM evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| para gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha adhikAMzataH sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI AmUrtita haiM / mUrtiyoM meM yakSa dAhine aura yakSI bAeM pArzva meM utkIrNa haiM / la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 taka sAhitya meM 24 jinoM ke lAMchanoM kA nirdhAraNa huaa| zvetAMbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparA ke granthoM meM 24 jinoM ke nimnalikhita lAMchanoM ke ullekha haiM : vRSabha, gaja, azva, kapi, krauMca pakSI, padma, svastika, zazi, makara, zrIvatsa, gaNDaka (yA khaDgI), mahiSa, zUkara, zyena, vajra, mRga, chAga (bakarA), naMdyAvataM, kalaza, kUrma, nIlotpala, zaMkha, sarpa evaM siMha / matiyoM meM jinoM ke lAMchana sihAsana ke Upara yA dharmacakra ke samIpa utkIrNa haiN| laTakatI jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke sAtha vRSabha lAMchana sarvadA pradarzita hai, para sarpa phaNoM se zobhita supAvaM evaM pArzva ke lAMchana (svastika evaM sI kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI, 1959, pR0 28-29, phalaka 10, 11 2 kucha RSabha, pAva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM svatantra yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / 3 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.77; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 4.12 4 tiloyapaNNatti meM svastika ke sthAna para naMdyAvarta kA ullekha hai| 5 tiloyapaNNatti meM zrIvatsa ke sthAna para svastika evaM pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM zrIdruma ke ullekha haiN| tiloyapaNNatti meM naMdyAvarta ke sthAna para tagarakusuma (matsya) kA ullekha hai| 7 vasaha gaya turaya vAnara / kuMca kamalaM ca sabbio cNdo|| mayara sirivaccha gNddo| mahisa varAho ya seNo y|| vajja hariNo chglo| naMdAvatto ya kalasa kummoya // nIlappala saMkha phnnii| sIho ya jiNANa cinhAI // pravacanasAroddhAra 381-82: abhidhAna citAmaNi, devAdhideva kANDa, 47-48 risahAdINaM ciNhaM govadigayatu ragavANarA kokaM / paumaM gaMdAvattaM addhasasI mayarasottIyA / / gaMDaM mahisavarAhA sAhI vajjANi hariNachagalAya / tagarakusumA ya kalasA kummuppalasaMkhaahisiMhA // tiloyapaNNatti 4.604-605: pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.78-79; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.80-81 8 madhyayagIna jina mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke atirikta kucha anya jinoM ke sAtha bhI jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| sambhavataH isI kAraNa RSabha ke sAtha lAMchana kA pradarzana Avazyaka pratIta huA hogaa|

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 83 ke utkIrNana ke sthAna para pIThikA lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha kI paramparA hI vizeSa lokapriya thii| para RSabha, supArzva evaM pAzva ke sAtha kramazaH jaTAeM evaM pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| la. chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 se jina matiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / ye aSTa-prAtihArya nimnalikhita haiM : azoka vRkSa, deva-puSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, cAmara, sihAsana, trichatra, devadundubhi evaM bhAmaNDala / 2 mUrta aMkanoM meM azoka vRkSa kA citraNa bahata niyamita nahIM thaa| divya-dhvani evaM devadundubhi meM se kevala eka kA nirUpaNa niyamita thaa| jayasena, vasUnandi, AzAdhara, nemicandra, kumudacandra Adi digambara granthakAroM ne apane pratiSThAgranthoM meM jina-pratimA kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| jayasena ke pratiSThApATha meM jina-bimba ko zAnta, nAsAgradRSTi, nirvastra, dhyAnanimagna aura kiMcita namra grIva batAyA gayA hai| kAyotsarga-mudrA meM jina samabhaMga meM khar3e hote haiM aura unake hAtha lambavat nIce laTake hote haiN| dhyAnamudrA meM jina donoM paira mor3akara (padmAsana) baiThe hote haiM aura unakI hatheliyAM goda meM (bAyIM ke Upara dAhinI) rakhI hotI haiN| pratiSThApATha meM ullekha hai ki jina-pratimA kevala upayukta do AsanoM meM hI nirUpita honI caahie| vasunandi" evaM AzAdhara Adi ne bhI jina-pratimA ke uparyukta lakSaNoM ke hI ullekha kiye haiN| uttara bhArata ke vibhinna purAtAtvika sthaloM kI jina-mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se hameM jJAta hotA hai ki RSabha, pAvaM. mahAvIra, nemi, zAnti evaM supArzva isI krama meM sarvAdhika lokapriya the| la0 navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 taka mRtivijJAna kI 1 dakSiNa bhArata kI jina mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM meM se kevala trichatra, azoka vRkSa, cAmaradhara, uDDIyamAna gandharva, siMhAsana evaM bhAmaNDala kA hI niyamita aMkana huA hai| siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra kA utkIrNana bhI niyamita nahIM thaa| 2 azokavRkSaH surapuSpavRSTidivyadhvanizcAmaramAsanaM ca / bhAmaNDalaM dundubhirAtapatraM satprAtihAryANi jinezvarANAm // hastImala ke jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa (bhAga 1, jayapura, 1971, pR0 33) se uddhRta sthApayedarhatAM chatratrayAzoka prakIrNakam / pIThaMbhAmaNDalaM bhASAM puSpavRSTiM ca dundubhim / / sthiretarArcayoH pAdapIThasyAdho yathAyatham / lAMchanaM dakSiNe pAca~ yakSaM yakSI ca vAmake // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.76-77; harivaMzapurANa 3.31-38; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.82-83 3 kevala gujarAta-rAjasthAna kI mUrtiyoM meM hI donoM kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / trichatra ke donoM ora devadandami aura parikara meM vINA evaM veNavAdana karatI divya-dhvani kI sUcaka do AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| anya kSetroM kI matiyoM meM devadundubhi sAmAnyataH trichatra ke samIpa utkIrNa hai| 4 jaina, bAlacandra, 'jaina pratimAlakSaNa', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 3, pR0 211 5 atha bimbaM jinendrasya kartavyaM lakSaNAnvitam / RjvAyata susaMsthAnaM taruNAGgaM digambaraM // zrIvRkSabhUSitoraska jAnuprAptakarAgrajaM / nijAGgalapramANena sASTAGgalazatAyatam // kakSAdiromahInAGga zmazru lekhAvivajitam / UdhvaM pralambakaM datvA samAptyantaM ca dhArayet / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 4.1, 2, 4 6 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.62; mAnasAra 55.36-42; rUpamaNDana 6.33-35 7 dakSiNa bhAratIya zilpa meM mahAvIra evaM pArzva sarvAdhika lokapriya the / RSabha ko mUrtiyAM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se nagaNya haiN|

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84 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna dRSTi se jina-mUrtiyAM pUrNataH vikasita ho cukI thiiN| pUrNa vikasita jina-mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM evaM aSTaprAtihAryoM ke sAtha hI parikara meM dUsarI choTI jina-mUrtiyAM, navagraha, gaja, mahAvidyAeM evaM anya AkRtiyAM bhI aMkita haiM (citra 7. 9.15. 20) / vibhinna kSetroM kI jina-mUrtiyoM kI kucha apanI viziSTatAeM rahI haiM. jinakI ati saMkSepa meM carcA yahAM apekSita hai| . . gujarAta-rAjasthAna-siMhAsana ke madhya meM caturbhuja zAntidevI (yA Adizakti) evaM gajoM aura mRgoM ke citraNa gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAmbara jina mUrtiyoM kI kSetrIya vizeSatAeM thiiN| parikara meM hAtha jor3e yA kalaza liye gomukha AkRtiyoM, vINA evaM veNuvAdana karatI do AkRtiyoM tathA trichatra ke Upara kalaza aura namaskAra-mudrA meM eka AkRti ke aMkana bhI gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM hI lokapriya the (citra 20) / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM pAMca yA sAta sapaMphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI yA lAMchana vihIna do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana bhI isa kSetra kI vizeSatA thii| dilavAr3A evaM kammAriyA kI kucha jina-mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM mahAvidyAeM bhI aMkita haiN| isa kSetra meM RSama aura pAzva kI sarvAdhika matiyAM utkIrNa hii| nemi aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA anya kSetroM kI tulanA meM kAphI kama hai| isa kSetra meM jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM ke citraNa bhI vizeSa lokapriya the jinameM jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM (cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya, nirvANa) evaM kaLa anya viziSTa ghaTanAoM ko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| jIvanadRzyoM ke mukhya udAharaNa osiyA, kumbhAriyA evaM dilavAr3A meM haiM jo RSabha, zAnti, munisuvrata, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra se saMbaddha haiM (citra 13,14,22,21,40,41) / uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-uttara pradeza kI kucha nemi mUrtiyoM (devagar3ha evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU) meM balarAma evaM kRSNa Amatita haiM (citra 27, 28) / isa kSetra kI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI pArzvavartI cAmaradhara sevaka sarpaphaNoM se yukta haiM aura unake hAthoM meM lambA chatra pradarzita hai| jina-mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM bAhubalI, jIvantasvAmI, kSetrapAla, sarasvatI, lakSmI Adi ke citraNa vizeSa lokapriya the| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-isa kSetra kI jina mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana, dharmacakra, gajoM evaM dundubhivAdaka ke niyamita citraNa nahIM hue haiM / siMhAsana ke choroM para yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana bhI niyamita nahIM thaa| 1 pAvaM kI mUrtiyoM meM zIrSabhAga ke sarpaphaNoM ke kAraNa sAmAnyataH trichatra evaM dundubhivAdaka kI AkRtiyAM nahIM utkIrNa huii| 2 kucha udAharaNoM meM parikara meM 23 yA 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| parikara ko choTI jina-mUrtiyAM sAdhAraNataH lAMchanavihIna haiN| para baMgAla meM parikara kI choTI jina-mUrtiyoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| 3 gUjarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAmbara jina-mUrtiyoM meM anya kSetroM ke viparIta navagrahoM ke kevala mastaka hI utkIrNa haiN| 4 kalaza dhAraNa karane vAlI gaja AkRtiyoM kI pITha para sAmAnyataH eka yA do puruSa AkRtiyAM baiThI haiN| 5 caturbhuja zAntidevI ke karoM meM sAmAnyataH abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA, padma, padma (yA pustaka) evaM phala pradarzita haiN| 6 AdizaktijinadRSTA Asane garbha saMsthitA / sahajA kulajA'dhonA padmahastA varapradA // arkamAnaM vidhAtavyamupAGga sahitaM bhavet / devyAdhogaheM mRgayugmaM dharmacakraM suzobhanam // dvau gajau vAmadakSiNe dazAGgalAni vistera / siMho raudramahAkAyau jIvat kraudhau ca rakSaNe / vAstuvidyA, jinaparikaralakSaNa 22.10-12 7 madhyapradeza (gyArasapura evaM khajurAho) kI kucha digambara jina mUrtiyoM meM bhI ye vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiM / 8 vAstuvidyA 22.33-39 9 gujarAta-rAjasthAna ke bAhara jinoM ke jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana durlabha haiN|

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85 jina-pratimAvijJAna ] ati saMkSepa meM pUrNavikasita madhyayugIna jina mUrtiyoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAeM isa prakAra thiiN| zrIvatsa se yukta jina mUrtiyAM kAyotsarga meM khar3I yA dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiN| sAmAnyataH gucchakoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita keza racanA uSNISa ke rUpa meM Abaddha hai| kAyotsarga meM khar3e jinoM ke laTakate hAthoM kI hatheliyoM meM sAmAnyataH padma aMkita haiN| mUlanAyaka kA padmAsana ratna, puSpa evaM kIrtimukha Adi se alaMkRta hai| Asana ke nIce siMhAsana ke sUcaka do raudra siMha utkIrNa haiN| ye siMha AkRtiyAM sAmAnyataH eka dUsare kI ora pIThakara darzakoM kI ora dekhane kI mudrA meM pradarzita haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra utkIrNa hai| gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ko zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke sthAna para zAntidevI kI mUrti hai| zAntidevI kI AkRti ke nIce do mRgoM evaM upAsakoM ke sAtha dharmacakra citrita hai| zAntidevI ke donoM ora do gaja AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| dharmacakra ke samIpa yA Asana para jinoM ke lAMchana utkIrNa haiN| siMhAsana-choroM para lalitamudrA meM yakSa (dAhinI) aura yakSI (bAyIM) kI mUrtiyAM nirUpita haiN| yakSa-yakSI kI anupasthiti meM choroM para sAmAnyataH jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| jinoM ke pAzcoM meM cAmaradhara sevaka AmUrtita haiM, jinakI eka bhujA meM cAmara hai aura dUsarI bhujA jAnu para rakhI hai| cAmaradharoM ke samIpa namaskAra-mudrA meM do upAsaka bhI haiN| bhAmaNDala sAmAnyataH jyAmitIya, pUSpa evaM padya alaMkaraNoM se alaMkRta haiN| jina ke sira ke Upara trichatra haiM jisake Upara dundubhivAdaka kI apUrNa AkRti yA kevala do hAtha pradarzita haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM trichatra ke samIpa azoka vRkSa kI pattiyAM bhI citrita haiN| parikara meM do gaja evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara bhI bane haiN| parikara meM do anya mAlAdhara yugala evaM vAdyavAdana karatI AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| mati ke choroM para gaja-vyAla-makara alaMkAra evaM AkrAmaka mudrA meM eka yoddhA aMkita haiN| Age pratyeka jina kA mUrtivijJAnaparaka adhyayana kiyA jaaygaa| (1) RSabhanAtha jIvanavRtta jaina paramparA ke anusAra RSama mAnava samAja ke Adi vyavasthApaka evaM vartamAna avasarpiNI yaga ke prathama jina haiM / prathama jina hone ke kAraNa hI unheM AdinAtha bhI kahA gyaa| mahArAja nAmi RSabha ke pitA aura marudevI unakI mAtA haiN| RSabha ke garbhadhAraNa kI rAtri meM marudevI ne 14 mAMgalika svapna dekhe the| digambara paramparA meM ina svapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 batAI gaI hai| ullekhanIya hai ki anya jinoM kI mAtAoM ne bho garmadhAraNa kI rAtri meM inhIM zubha svapnoM ko dekhA thaa| kintu anya jinoM kI mAtAoM ne svapna meM jahAM sabase pahale gaja dekhA, vahAM RSabha kI mAtA ne sabase pahale vRSabha kA darzana kiyaa| prathama svapna ke rUpa meM vRSabha kA darzana RSama ke nAmakaraNa evaM lAMchana-nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se 1 vAstuvidyA 22.12 2 vAstuvidyA 22.14; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.77 3 dUsarI bhujA meM kabhI-kabhI phala yA puSpa yA ghaTa bhI pradarzita hai| 4 gaja kI suMDa meM ghaTa yA puSpa pradarzita hai| 5 arcA vAme yakSiNyA yakSo dakSiNe caturdaza / stambhikA mRNAlayuktaM makaraMsirUpakaiH // vAstuvidyA 22.14 6 RSabha evaM anya jinoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha 'nAtha' yA 'deva' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo unake prati bhakti evaM sammAna kA sUcaka hai| 7 14 zubha svapna nimnalikhita haiM-gaja, vRSabha, siMha, lakSmI (yA zrI), puSpahAra, candra, sUrya, dhvaja-daNDa, pUrNakumbha, padmasarovara, kSIrasamudra, devavimAna, ratnarAzi aura nirdhUma agni / kalpasUtra 33 8 digambara paramparA meM dhvaja-daNDa ke sthAna para nAgendra bhavana kA ullekha hai| sAtha ho matsya-yugala evaM siMhAsana ko sammilita kara zubha svapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 batAI gaI hai-harivaMzapurANa 8.58-74;mahApurANa(AdipurANa)12.101-120

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86 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mahatvapUrNa hai / AvazyakacUrNa meM ullekha hai ki mAtA dvArA dekhe prathama svapna ( vRSabha) evaM bAlaka ke vakSaHsthala para vRSabha cihna ke aMkita hone ke kAraNa hI bAlaka kA nAma RSabha rakhA gayA / " devapati zakrendra ke nirdeza para RSabha ne sunandA evaM sumaMgalA se vivAha kiyaa| vivAha ke pazcAt RSabha kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / sumaMgalA ne bharata evaM brAhmI aura 96 anya santAnoM ko janma diyA / sunandA ne kevala bAhubalI aura sundarI ko janma diyaa| kAphI samaya gRhastha jIvana vyatIta karane ke bAda RSabha ne rAjya vaibhava evaM parivAra ko tyAgakara pravrajyA grahaNa kii| RSabha ne vinItA nagara ke bAhara siddhArthaM udyAna meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce vastrAbhUSaNoM kA tyAgakara dIkSA lI thI / dIkSA ke pUrva RSabha ne apane kezoM kA caturmuSTika luMcana bhI kiyA thA / indra kI prArthanA para RSabha ne eka muSTi keza sira para hI rahane diyA / 3 ullekhanIya hai ki uparyukta paramparA ke kAraNa hI sabhI ke sAtha laTakatI jaTAeM pradarzita kI gayIM / kalpasUtra evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM ullekha hai anya sabhI jinoM ne dIkSA ke pUrva apane mastaka ke sampUrNa kezoM kA pAMca muSTiyoM meM luMcana kiyaa| bhI paJcamuSTi meM sAre kezoM ke luMcana kA ullekha hai / kSetroM kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ki RSabha ke atirikta kucha granthoM meM RSabha ke dIkSA ke bAda kAphI samaya taka vicaraNa evaM kaThina sAdhanA ke uparAMta RSabha ko purimatAla nagara ke bAhara zakaTamukha udyAna meM vaTavRkSa ke nIce kevala jJAna prApta huA / kaivalya prApti ke bAda devatAoM ne RSabha ke lie samavasaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA, jahAM RSabha ne apanA pahalA upadeza diyA / jJAtavya hai ki kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt sabhI jina apanA pahalA upadeza devanirmita samavasaraNa meM hI dete haiM / samavasaraNa meM hI devatAoM dvArA sambandhita jina ke tIrthaM evaM saMgha kI rakSA karanevAle zAsanadevatA ( yakSa-yakSI) niyukta kiye jAte haiM / RSabha ne vibhinna sthaloM para dharmopadeza dekara gharmatIrthoM kI sthApanA kI aura anta meM aSTApada parvata para nirvANapada prApta kiyA / prArambhika mUrtiyAM RSabha kA lAMchana vRSabha hai aura yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA) haiM / RSabha kI prAcInatama mUrtiyAM kuSANa kAla kI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM mathurA aura causA se milI haiN| inameM RSabha dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna yA kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura tIna yA pAMca laTakatI kezavallariyoM se zobhita haiN| mathurA kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM pIThikA-lekhoM meM bhI RSabha kA nAma hai| causA se RSabha kI do mUrtiyAM milI haiM / inameM RSabha kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM / ye mUrtiyAM samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya (6538, 6539) meM surakSita haiM / guptakAlIna RSabha mUrtiyAM mathurA, causA evaM akoTA se milI haiM / mathurA se chaha mUrtiyAM milI haiM / inameM se tIna meM RSabha kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / inameM alaMkRta bhAmaNDala evaM pArzvavartI cAmaragharoM se yukta RSabha tIna yA pAMca laToM se zobhita haiM / eka udAharaNa ( purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA 12.268) meM pIThikA lekha meM RSabha kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA kI eka mUrti ( bI 7) meM siMhAsana ke dharmacakra ke donoM ora do dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiM ( citra 4) / causA se cAra mUrtiyAM milI haiM jinameM jaTAoM se suzobhita RSabha dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / akoTA se RSabha kI do guptakAlIna zvetAmbara mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 5) / tIna laToM se zobhita RSabha donoM udAharaNoM meM kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / la0 chaThIM zatI I0 kI dUsarI mUrti meM RSabha ke Asana ke samakSa do mRgoM se veSTita dharmacakra aura choroM 1 AvazyakacUrNa, pR0 151 2 hastImala, jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaM0 1, jayapura, 1971, pR09-29 3 ''''sayameva caumuTThiyaM loyaM karei / kalpasUtra 195 tri0 za0pu0ca0 3.60-70 4 paumacariya 3.136; harivaMzapurANa 9.98; AdipurANa 17.201; padmapurANa 3.283 5 do mUrtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 26, je 69 ) evaM eka mathurA saMgrahAlaya (bI 36 ) meM haiM / 6 pAMca mUrtiyAM mathurA saMgrahAlaya aura eka rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (0.72) meM haiM /

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 87 para dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA AmUrtita haiN| jina ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa kA yaha prAcInatama udAharaNa hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki guptakAla taka RSabha kI mUrtiyoM meM unake lAMchana vRSabha kA to nahIM kintu yakSa-yakSI kA (jo paramparAsammata nahIM the) nirUpaNa prArambha ho gayA thaa| akoTA se la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI bhI tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM bhI jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiM / siMhAsana kevala eka udAharaNa meM utkIrNa hai / vasantagar3ha (piNDavAr3A, rAjasthAna) se bhI sAtavIM zato I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mati milI hai| pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM gujarAta-rAjasthAna-vasantagar3ha kI AThavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti meM siMhAsana ke choroM para yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiN|4 osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke ardhamaNDapa para bhI RSabha kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai (la0 9vIM zatI I0) jisameM dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA AmUrtita haiN| AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti godhrA (gujarAta) se milI hai|5 kAyotsarga meM khar3I mUrti nirvastra hai| vRSabha lAMchana kevala vasaMtagar3ha kI eka mUrti (8vIM-9vIM zatI I0) meM hI pradarzita hai| akoTA se AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI pAMca zvetAMbara mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM kevala jaTAoM ke AdhAra para hI RSabha kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| ina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| lilvAdeva (pAMcamahala, gujarAta) se dasavIM zatI I0 ko kaI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| eka mUrti meM siMhAsana para navagrahoM evaM ambikA yakSI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| dUsarI mUrti meM siMhAsana ke choroM para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA aura mUlanAyaka ke pAryoM meM do jina (kAyotsarga-mudrA me) AmUrtita haiN| do anya mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM 23 choTI jina-AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| 1094 I0 kI eka mUrti piNDavAr3A (sirohI, rAjasthAna) ke jaina mandira meM surakSita hai| isake parikara meM 23 jina AkRtiyAM, gomukha yakSa aura (cakrezvarI ke sthAna para) ambikA yakSI utkIrNa haiN|" gaMgA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do jina mUrtiyAM (bI0ema01661 evaM 1668) surakSita haiN| inameM dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna RSabha ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI sarvAnUbhUti evaM ambikA haiN| eka mUrti (1141 I0) meM malanAyaka ke pAoM meM do jina evaM Asana para navagraha AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN|11 vimalavasahI meM RSabha kI cAra matiyAM haiM / vRSabha lAMchana kevala garbhagRha kI mUrti meM utkIrNa hai| anya udAharaNoM meM pIThikA lekhoM meM RSabha ke nAma diye haiM / garbhagRha evaM devakulikA 25 kI do mUrtiyoM meM gomukha-cakrezvarI aura devakulikA 14 evaM 28 kI matiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti-ambikA nirUpita haiN| devakulikA 14 evaM 28 kI mUrtiyoM meM mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM kAyotsarga aura dhyAnamudrA meM do jina mUrtiyAM bhI haiN| bosTana saMgrahAlaya meM rAjasthAna se milI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (64-487 : 9 vIM-10 vIM zato I0) surakSita hai / RSabha vRSabha lAMchana evaM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI, gomukha-cakrezvarI, se yukta haiM / laToM se zobhita RSabha kI kezaracanA 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, baMbaI, 1959, pR0 26, 28-29 2 vahI, pR0 38, 41-43 3 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'bronja horDa phrAma vasantagar3ha', lalitakalA, aM0 1-2, pR0 56 4 vahI, pR0 58 5 devakara, vI0 ela0, 'e jaina tIrthaMkara imeja rIsenTalI ekvAyarDa bAi di bar3audA myUjiyama', bu0myU0pi0gai0, khaM0 19, pR0 35-36 6 zAha, yU0 pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 59 7 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 45, 56-59 8rAva, esa0 Ara0, 'jaina bronjeja phrAma lilvAdeva', ja0 i0myU0, khaM011, pR0 30-33 9 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'sevena bronjeja phrAma lilvA-deva', bu0va0myU0, khaM0 9, bhAga 1-2, pR0 47-48 10 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0I0, khaM020, aM03, pR0301 11 zrIvAstava, vI0esa0, keTalAga aiNDa gAIDa TU gaMgA golDena jubilI myUjiyama, bIkAnera, baMbaI, 1961, pR017-19

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88 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna dhyAnastha mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM lAMchana naSTa bArahavIM zatI I0 kI bar3audA saMgrahAlaya kI eka jaTAjUTa ke rUpa meM Abaddha hai| bayAnA ( bharatapura, rAjasthAna) se prApta eka ho gayA hai para caturbhuja gomukha evaM cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyAM surakSita haiM / " digambara mUrti vRSabha lAMchana aura parikara meM cAra laghu jina AkRtiyoM se yukta hai / vizleSaNa -- isa prakAra gujarAta rAjasthAna kI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH laTakatI jaTAoM evaM pIThikA lekhoM meM utkIrNa nAma ke AdhAra para hI RSabha kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| vRSabha lAMchana evaM gomukha cakrezvarI kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM, vizeSakara digambara mUrtiyoM meM utkIrNa haiM / inakA utkIrNana la0 AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya prArambha huA / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSa yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza -- RSabha kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM isI kSetra meM utkIrNa huI / AThavIM navIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyAM mukhyataH lakhanaU (je 78) aura mathurA (18.150 - 4) saMgrahAlayoM evaM devagar3ha meM haiM jinakA kucha vistAra se ullekha kiyA jaaygaa| gvAliyara sthita telI ke mandira para navIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai jisake parikara meM 24 jina-AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / * gyArasapura ke bajarAmaTha mandira meM dasavIM zatI I0 kI (dhyAnamudrA meM) do mUrtiyAM haiN| lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI (gomukha aura cakrezvarI) eka meM hI utkIrNa haiM / dharmacakra ke donoM ora do gaja bane haiM, jinakA citraNa kevala gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAmbara jina mUrtiyoM meM hI lokapriya thA / pAzvavartI cAmaradharoM ke samIpa do deva AkRtiyAM haiM jinake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / parikara meM dasa choTI jinamUrtiyAM aura sAtha hI zaMkha bajAtI evaM ghaTa se yukta mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM | rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 23 mUrtiyAM haiM / 15 udAharaNoM meM RSabha kAyotsargaM meM khar3e haiM / kevala eka udAharaNa (je 949) meM jina dhotI se yukta haiN| vRSabha lAMchana se yukta RSabha do, tIna yA pAMca laToM se zobhita haiM / nau udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM AmUrtita haiN| eka mUrti (je 950, 11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM (ketu ke atirikta) ATha grahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / dubakuNDa (gvAliyara) kI eka mUrti (je 820, 11 vIM zatI I0) meM trichatra ke Upara Amalaka evaM kalaza, aura parikara meM 22 choTI jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| inameM tIna aura pAMca sarpaphaNoM se AcchAdita do jinoM kI pahacAna pArzvaM evaM supArzva se sambhava hai / kaMkAlI TIle kI la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je 78 ) meM vRSabha lAMchana evaM jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke sAtha yakSa yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyoM ke Upara sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita balarAma evaM kirITamukuTa se zobhita kRSNa kI sthAnaka mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / balarAma ke tIna hAthoM meM pyAlA, musala evaM hala pradarzita haiM aura cauthI bhujA jAnu para sthita hai / kRSNa abhayamudrA, dhvajayukta gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha se yukta haiM / jJAtavya hai ki sarvAnubhUti yakSa, ambikA yakSI evaM balarAma kRSNa neminAtha se sambandhita haiM / ataH RSabha ke sAtha inakA nirUpaNa paramparA ke viruddha hai / lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kI 6 mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke sAtha yakSa nirUpita hai / gomukha yakSa kevala tIna hI udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa hai / zeSa meM sarvAnubhUti AmUrtita hai / 11 udAharaNoM meM yakSI cakrezvarI hai| kucha meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI *(je 789) evaM ambikA (je 78, esa 914) mI nirUpita haiM / la0 dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyoM (16.0.178, je 949) meM RSabha ke sAtha cakrezvarI ke atirikta ambikA, padmAvatI evaM lakSmI kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jo RSabha kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI sUcaka haiM (citra 7) / adhikAMza mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM 4, 14, 20, 22 yA 23 1 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 157. 12 2 zAha, yU0pI0, 'jaina skalpacarsa ina di bar3audA myUjiyama', bu0ba0 myU0, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, pR0 29 3 la0 navIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti kosama (u0 pra0) se milI hai (citra 6) / 4 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 83.69

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| saheTha-maheTha kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka durlabha mUrti (je 857) meM mUlanAyaka ko unnata vakSaHsthala aura aMtaHpraviSTa udara ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| isa durlabha udAharaNa meM sambhavataH eka yogI kI UdhvaM zvAMsa prakriyA ko darazAyA gayA hai| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, matharA meM AThavIM se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI RSabha kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI meM vRSabha lAMchana aura jaTAeM pradarzita haiM,para yakSa-yakSI kevala do udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa haiM / eka mUrti (bI 21,10 vIM zatII0) meM yakSI cakrezvarI hai; aura yakSa kA mukhabhAga khaNDita hai| siMhAsana ke nIce eka paMkti meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM sAta jinamUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM bhI ATha jina AkRtiyAM surakSita haiN| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti (16.1207) meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| paramparA viruddha yakSa bAyIM ora aura yakSI dAhinI ora nirUpita haiM / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM ketu ko chor3akara ATha grahoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN|| khajurAho meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 50 se adhika mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM se kevala 36 mUrtiyAM adhyayana kI dRSTi se surakSita haiN| lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya (16.0.178) kI eka mUrti kI bhAMti khajurAho ke jADina saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (1651) meM bhI pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke sAtha hI lakSmI evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM jo RSama kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI sUcaka haiN| RSabha kevala pAMca hI udAharaNoM meM kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| chaha udAharaNoM meM RSabha kI kezaracanA pRSThabhAga meM jaTA ke rUpa meM saMvArI gaI hai| do udAharaNoM meM siMhAsana ke sUcaka siMha anupasthita haiN| eka udAharaNa meM RSabha kI jaTAeM aura eka anya meM (mandira 8) vRSabha lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiN| cAmaradharoM kI eka bhujA meM kabhI-kabhI phala yA sanAla padma bhI pradarzita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM pAzrvavartI cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para pAMca yA sAta sapaMphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita supArzva evaM pArzva kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM banI haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI RSabha mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira kI mUrti meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke utkIrNana ke pazcAt khajurAho kI anya mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI yugala kA abhAva yA apAraMparika yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa isa bAta ke sUcaka haiM ki kalAkAra paraMparA ke prati pUrI taraha AsthAvAna nahIM the| kaI udAharaNoM meM garuDavAhanA yakSI cakrezvarI hai para yakSa vRSAnana nahIM hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora svatantra siMhAsanoM para pAMca evaM sAta sarpaphaNoM se AcchAdita supArzva evaM pAvaM kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM 33 laghu jina mUrtiyAM bhI haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha ke pradakSiNA patha meM bhI RSabha kI eka mUrti (10vIM zatoI0) surakSita hai| mUrti ke parikara meM 23 jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM jinameM se do ke siroM para pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlayoM (ke 62, 1682) kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) ke parikara meM kramazaH 24 aura 52 choTI jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mandira 17 kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) ke parikara meM tIna jinoM evaM bAhubalI kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM RSabha ke pAryoM meM sAta sapaMphaNoM ke zirastrANa se yukta pAzrvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiM / jArDina saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (1612) meM pAvaM evaM supArzva kI mUrtiyAM haiM / cAra udAharaNoM meM Asana ke nIce navagrahoM kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa hai|' devagar3ha meM navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 60 se adhika RSabha mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 8) / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM RSabha kAyotsarga meM nirUpita haiN| laTakatI jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke sAtha vRSabha lAMchana, aura adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI pradarzita haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM RSabha jaTAjUTa se alaMkRta haiM, aura kucha meM unake keza pIche kI ora saMvAre gae haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha evaM cakrezvarI haiM / cAra udAharaNoM meM yakSI ambikA hai aura 1 ye mUrtiyAM mandira 1, 27, jADina saMgrahAlaya evaM purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya (1682) meM haiN| 2 skandhoM para sAmAnyataH 2, 3 yA 5 laTa pradarzita haiN| 3 mandira 12, 13, 16 evaM 21 12

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna yakSa bhI vRSAnana nahIM hai|' ATha udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM jinake hAthoM meM kalaza, padma evaM pustaka haiM tathA eka abhayamudrA meM pradarzita hai| cAmaradharoM kI eka bhujA meM sAmAnyataH padma (yA phala) hai| navIM se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 25 vizAla kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM RSabha sAdhAraNa pIThikA yA padmAsana para khar3e haiM aura unakI lambI jaTAeM bhujAoM taka laTaka rahI haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM uSNISa, lAMchana evaM yakSa-yakSI nahIM pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM chatratrayI ke donoM ora azoka vRkSa kI pattiyoM evaM kalaza dhAraNa karanevAlI do puruSa AkRtiyoM kA utkIrNana vizeSa lokapriya thaa| parikara meM kabhI-kabhI do ke sthAna para cAra gaja AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| uDDIyamAna strI AkRtiyoM ke eka hAtha meM kabhI-kabhI cAmara evaM ghaTa bhI pradarzita hai| mandira 12 kI eka mUrti ke siMhAsana para caturbhuja lakSmI kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| do mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana para pustaka se yukta do jaina AcAryoM ko zAstrArtha kI mudrA meM hai| mandira 4 kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa ke sthAna para ambikA aura dUsare chora para cakrezvarI nirUpita hai| sAta mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM 23 laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| do matiyoM ke jina mUrtiyAM haiN| golakoTa evaM bUr3hI canderI kI vRSabha lAMchanayukta mUrtiyoM (10 vIM-11 vIM zatI I0) meM gomukha-cakrezvarI nirUpita eka mUrti meM jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke donoM ora sarpaphaNoM se yukta kAyotsarga jina AmUrtita haiM / trichatra ke Upara Amalaka evaM caturbhuja dundubhivAdaka bane haiN|' dhubelA saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (38) meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke sthAna para cakrezvarI hai| zahaDola kI eka vizAla mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) ke parikara meM 106 laghu jina AkRtiyAM banI haiN| siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke sthAna para caturbhuja zAntidevI kI mUrti hai| gunA kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM RSabha jaTAjUTa se zobhita haiM / 1 RSabha ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA aMkita haiN| vizleSaNa-uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza meM RSabha kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| isa kSetra meM jaTAoM ke sAtha hI vRSabha lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA niyamita citraNa huA hai| lAMchana kA citraNa sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM (la0 8vIM zatI I0) prArambha huaa|12 adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha aura cakrezvarI haiN| sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM nirUpita haiN| aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM parikara meM laghu jina-mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana bhI lokapriya thaa| parikara meM sAmAnyataH 23 yA 24 laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM navagrahoM kI bhI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| RSabha ke sAtha parikara meM zAntidevI, jaina AcAryoM, bAhubalI, padmAvatI evaM lakSmI kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jinake citraNa anyatra durlabha haiN| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-la. AThavIM zatI I0 kI RSabha ko eka dhyAnastha mUrti rAjagira kI vaibhAra pahAr3I para hai / 13 jaTAmukuTa evaM kezavallariyoM se zobhita mUrti kI pIThikA ke dharmacakra ke donoM ora vRSabha lAMchana kI do matiyAM 1 kevala mandira 21 ko eka mUrti meM yakSI ambikA hai para yakSa gomukha hai| 2 mandira 2, 8, 25, 26, 27 evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya / 3 aisI mUrtiyAM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI para surakSita haiN| 4 lakSmI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM kalaza pradarzita haiN| 5 mandira 4 evaM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI 6 mandira 4, 8, 12, 24, 25 evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya 7 mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI evaM mandira 16 8 ana, klAja, 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhya deza, dudahI', janayuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR. 29-32 9 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja-citra saMgraha 54.98 10 vahI, e 7.52 11 garga, Ara0esa0, 'mAlabA ke jaina prAcyAvazeSa', jai0si0bhA0, khaM0 24, aM0 1, pR0 58 12 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 78 13 A0sa060ai0ri0,1925-26, phalaka 56

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] haiN| gayA se milI eka digaMbara mUrti (8 vIM-9 vIM zatI I0) ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (280) meM surakSita hai|' kAyotsarga meM khar3e RSabha jaTAmukuTa evaM kezavallariyoM se yukta haiN| siMhAsana para vRSabha lAMchana evaM parikara meM lAMchanayukta 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| parikara meM sarpaphaNoM evaM jaTAoM se yukta pAvaM evaM RSabha kI mUrtiyAM haiN| kAkaTapura (purI) se vRSabha lAMchana yukta do digaMbara mUrtiyAM milI haiM, jo bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM saMgrahIta haiM / 2 jaTA se zobhita RSabha kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| eka udAharaNa meM ATha graha bhI utkIrNa haiN| navIM se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI ATha mUrtiyAM aluArA (mAnabhUma) se milI haiM, jo samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM haiN| sAta udAharaNoM meM RSabha nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| inameM kevala jaTAoM ke AdhAra para hI RSabha kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| la0 navIM zatI I0 ko do mUrtiyAM poTTAsiMgIdI (kyoMjhara) se milI haiM aura ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara meM surakSita haiN| dhyAnamudrAvAlI eka mUrti meM vRSabha lAMchana ke sAtha hI lekha meM RSabha kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / dUsarI mUrti meM RSabha nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga meM khar3A haiN| jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha trichatra ke sthAna para ekachatra se yukta haiN| caraMpA (bAlAsora) kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (9 vIM-10 vIM zatI I0) meM jaTA, vRSabha lAMchana, eka chatra aura ATha graha utkIrNa haiN|" dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka manojJa mUrti surohara (dinAjapura, bAMgalAdeza) se milI hai aura varendra zodha saMgrahAlaya (1472) meM surakSita hai (citra 9) / 6 RSabha dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna haiM aura jaTAmukUTa evaM kezavallariyoM se zobhita haiN| vRSabha lAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai| parikara meM jinoM kI 23 lAMchana yukta choTI mUrtiyAM banI haiN| 23 jinoM meM se kevala supArzva evaM sumati kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| inake sAtha pAramparika lAMchana (svastika evaM krauMca) ke sthAna para padma aura pazu (sambhavataH zvAn) utkIrNa haiN| AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya meM bhI la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti hai, jisameM jaTAmukuTa evaM lAMchana se yukta RSabha kAyotsarga meM nirUpita haiN| mUrti ke parikara meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| ghaTezvara (baMgAla) se milI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka digaMbara mUrti ke parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / la. dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnamudrAvAlI mUrti tAlAgur3I (puruliyA) se bhI milI hai| isameM jaTAjUTa evaM lAMchana se yukta RSabha ke vakSa para zrIvatsa nahIM hai / RSabha kI kucha mUrtiyAM bhelovA (dinAjapura, bAMgalAdeza) evaM saMka (puruliyA, baMgAla) se bhI milI haiM (citra 10, 11) / khaNDagiri kI jaina guphAoM meM bhI RSabha kI kaI mUrtiyAM (11 vI-12 vIM zatI I0) haiM / navamuni guphA meM do mUrtiyAM dhyAnamudrA meM haiN| inameM vRSabha lAMchana aura jaTAeM pradarzita haiM para siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala, zrIvatsa evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara nahIM haiN| eka mUrti meM RSabha ke sAtha dazabhuja cakrezvarI hai| samAna lakSaNoM vAlI eka anya dhyAnamudrAvAlI mUrti bArabhujI guphA meM hai jisameM siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara citrita haiN| yahAM cakrezvarI bAraha bhujAoMvAlI 1 caMdra, pramoda, sTona skalpacara ina di elAhAbAda myUjiyama, bambaI, 1970, pR0 112 2 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, jaina mAnyumeNTsa aiNDa pleseja Ava pharsTa klAsa impArTensa, kalakattA, 1944, pR0 59-60 3 10676, 10680-81,10683-87 4 jozI, arjuna, 'phardara lAiTa Ana di rimensa aiTa poTTAsiMgIdI', u.hirija0, khaM0 10, aM0 4, pR0 30-31 5 daza, ema0pI0, 'jaina enTikviTIja phAma caraMpA', u.hiri0ja0, khaM0 11, aM0 1, pR0 50-51 6 gAMgulI, kalyANa kumAra, 'jaina imejez2a ina baMgAla', iNDi0ka0. khaM0 6, pR0 138-39 7 sarakAra, zivazaMkara, 'Ana sama jaina imejeja phrAma baMgAla', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 106, aM0 2, pR0 130-31 8 datta, kAlIdAsa, "di enTikviTIja oNva khArI', ainuala riporTa, vArendra risarca sosAiTI, 1928-29, pR0 5-6 9 nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla, 'tAlAgur3I ko jaina pratimA', jaina jagata, varSa 13, aM0 9-11, pR0 60-61

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna hai|' trizUla guphA meM bhI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM vRSabha lAMchana, jaTA evaM jaTAmukuTa se yukta RSabha kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| ur3IsA ke kisI sthala se milI RSabha kI jaTAmukuTa se zobhita aura kAyotsarga meM khar3I eka mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) myUjegIme, perisa meM hai| cAmaradhara aura ATha graha bhI aMkita haiN| ambikA nagara (bAMkur3A) se lAMchana evaM jaTAmukuTa se zobhita eka vizAla kAyotsarga mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) milI hai.4 jisake parikara meM 24 jinoM kI lAMchanayukta choTI mUrtiyAM haiM / mAnabhUma evaM bArabhUma (midanApura) kI do matiyAM (11 vIM zatI I0) bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM haiN| inameM bhI 24 laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| AzatoSa saMgrahAlaya kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM lAMchana, navagraha evaM gaNeza kI AkRtiyAM banI haiM / baMgAla kI kevala eka hI RSama mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| yakSI ambikA hai para dvibhuja yakSa kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| vizleSaNa-bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla kI RSama mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki RSama ke sAtha vRSabha lAMchana pa dAoM ke sAtha hI jaTAmakaTa kA pradarzana bhI lokapriya thaa| vaSama lAMchana kA citraNa la. AThavIM zatI I0 meM do prArambha ho gyaa| yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana kevala eka hI udAharaNa meM huA hai, aura usameM bhI ve pAramparika nahIM haiN|" parikara meM 23 yA 24 jinoM kI choTI mUrtiyoM evaM navagrahoM ke aMkana vizeSa lokapriya the| jIvanadRzya RSabha ke jIvanadRzyoM ke udAharaNa rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 354), osiyA kI devakulikA, kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM evaM kalpasUtra ke citroM meM surakSita haiN| osiyA aura kumbhAriyA ke udAharaNa gyArahavIM zatI I0 aura kalpasUtra ke citra pandrahavIM zatI I0 ke haiN| matharA se prApta aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita la0 pahalI zatI I0 ke eka paTTa (je 354) para nIlAMjanA ke nRtya kA dRzya utkIrNa hai (citra 12) / nIlAMjanA indraloka kI nartakI thii| nIlAMjanA ke nRtya ke kAraNa hI RSama ko vairAgya utpanna huA thA / ' nIlAMjanA ke nRtya se sambandhita paTTa kA dUsarA bhAga bhI prApta ho gayA hai| vI0ena0 zrIvAstava ne donoM padoM ke dRzyoM ko pAMca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| dAhine kone kI AkRti ko unhoMne nIlAMjanA ke natya ko dekhate hae zAsaka RSabha mAnA hai| paTTa para RSabha ke saMsAra tyAgane evaM kevala-jJAna prApta karane ke bhI citraNa haiN| 1 mitrA, devalA, 'zAsanadevIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0sI0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 128-30 2 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, lisTa oNva ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di prAvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA, kalakattA, 1931, pR. 281 3 jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 562-63 4 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0sI0baM0, khaM0 24, aM0 2, pR0 132 5 eNDarasana, je0, keTalAga aiNDa haiNDabuka TU di AkialAjikala kalekzana ina di iNDiyana myUjiyama, kalakattA, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1883, pR0 202; banarjI, je0 ena0, 'jaina imejeja', di hisTrI oNva baMgAla, khaM0 1, DhAkA, 1943, pR0 464-65 6 mitra, kAlIpada, 'Ana di AiDeNTiphikezana oNva aina imeja', I0hi0kvA0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, pR0 261-66 7 navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM kI do RSabha mUrtiyoM meM mUrtiyoM ke nIce cakrezvarI AmUrtita haiN| 8 paumacariya 3.122-26; harivaMzapurANa 9.47-48 9 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je 609 : zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0, 'sama inTaresTiMga jaina skalpacarsa ina di sTeTa myUz2iyama, lakhanaU', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 47-48

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke samIpa kI pUrvo devakulikA ke vedikAbaMdha para RSabha ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiN| isa pahacAna kA mukhya AdhAra nIlAMjanA ke nRtya kA aMkana hai| uttara kI ora RSama kI mAtA navajAta ziza ke sAtha leTI hai| samIpa hI goda meM zizu lie ajamukha nagameSI AmUrtita hai| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki jinoM ke janma ke bAda indra ne apane senApati naigameSI ko zizu ko abhiSeka hetu meru parvata para lAne kA Adeza diyA thaa| uparyukta citraNa naigameSI dvArA zizu ko meru parvata para le jAne se sambandhita hai| jaina paramparA meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki nagameSI ne marudevI ko gaharI nidrA meM sulAkara unake samIpa zizu kI eka pratikRti rakha do aura zizu ko meru parvata para le gayA / Age gaja para do AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM, jinameM se eka kI goda meM zizu hai| yaha indra dvArA zizu (RSabha) ko meru parvata para le jAne kA dRzya hai| Age ghaTa evaM vAdyayaMtroM se yukta 35 AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jo RSabha ke janma-kalyANaka para Anandotsava manA rahI haiN| Age dhyAna mudrA meM baiThI indra kI AkRti hai, jisakI goda meM zizu (RSabha) hai / pUrvI vedikAbandha para RSabha ke rAjyArohaNa kA dRzya hai| dakSiNI vedikAbandha para pazuoM aura yoddhAoM kI mUrtiyAM evaM yuddha se sambandhita dRzya haiN| samIpa hI nRtya karatI eka strI kI AkRti hai jisake pAsa vAdyavAdana karatI tIna AkRtiyAM haiN| yaha nIlAMjanA ke nRtya kA aMkana hai / samIpa hI bhikSApAtra evaM mukha-paTTikA se yukta do sAdhu AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM jo sambhavataH RSabha kI mUrtiyAM haiN| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke vitAna (uttara se prathama) para RSama ke jIvanadRzyoM ke vistRta citraNa haiM (citra 14) / sArA dRzya cAra AyatoM meM vibhAjita hai| bAhara se prathama Ayata meM pUrva kI ora (bAyeM se) maru devI aura nAbhi kI vArtAlApa karatI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| Age sevikAoM se veSTita marudevI zayyA para leTI haiN| samIpa hI 14 mAMgalika svapna utkIrNa haiN| uttara kI ora (bAMyeM se) bhI nAbhi evaM maru devI kI vArtAlApa meM tiyAM haiN| Age marudevI kI zayyA para leTI AkRti bhI utkINaM hai jisake samIpa cAra vRSabha evaM azva para ArUDha eka AkRti banI haiN| yaha sambhavataH RSabha ke pUrvabhava (vajranAbha) ke jIva ke maru devI ke garbha meM cyavana karane kA citraNa hai| azvArUr3ha AkRti vajranAbha kA jIva hai| Age nAbhirAya ko jaina AcAryoM se marudevI ke svapnoM kA phala pUchate hae darazAyA gayA hai| dakSiNa kI ora RSabha ke rAjyArohaNa evaM vivAha ke dRzya haiN| dusare Ayata meM pUrva kI ora RSabha ko zAsaka ke rUpa meM vibhinna kalAoM kA jJAna dete hue dikhAyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM RSabha ko sabhI kalAoM kA praNetA kahA gayA hai| ina dRzyoM meM RSabha ko pAtra (prathama pAtra) lie aura yuddha kI zikSA dete hue dikhAyA gayA hai| uttara kI ora RSabha kI dIkSA kA dRzya utkIrNa hai| padmAsana meM RSabha kI pAMca matiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jinameM vAma bhujA goda meM hai aura dakSiNa se RSabha apane kezoM kA laMcana kara rahe haiN| pAMcavIM AkRti ke samakSa indra khar3e haiM jo RSama se eka muSTi keza sira para hI rahane dene kA anurodha kara rahe haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra indra ne hI RSabha ke luMcita kezoM ko jala meM pravAhita kiyA thaa| Age kAyotsarga-mudrA meM RSabha tapasyArata haiN| RSabha ke pAzvoM meM khaDgadhArI nami-vinami kI AkRtiyAM haiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki rAjya-lakSmI prApta karane kI icchA se nami-vinami tapasyArata RSabha ke samIpa kAphI samaya taka khar3e rhe| anta meM dharaNendra ne upasthita hokara nami-vinami ko 48 hajAra vidyAoM kA svAmitva pradAna kiyaa| pazcima kI ora khaDgadhArI nami-vinami kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / dakSiNa kI ora RSabha kA samavasaraNa hai jisake madhya meM RSabha kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai| tIsare Ayata meM RSabha ke do putroM, bharata evaM bAhubalI ke madhya hue yuddha kA vistRta citraNa hai| ina dRzyoM meM donoM pakSoM kI senAoM ke yuddha ke sAtha hI bharata evaM bAhubalI ke dvandvayuddha bhI pradarzita haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra yaddha meM 1 mAMgalika svapnoM meM caturbhuja mahAlakSmI dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna hai| mahAlakSmI kI nicalI bhujAeM goda meM rakhI haiM aura UparI bhujAoM meM sanAla padma haiN| padya ke Upara kI do gaja AkRtiyAM devI kA abhiSeka kara rahI haiN| 2 tri020pu0ca0 1.3.134-44

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94 [ jana pratimAvijJAna thA / " yuddha hone vAle narasaMhAra ko bacAne ke uddezya se bharata evaM bAhubalI ne dvandvayuddha ke mAdhyama se nirNaya karane kA nizcaya kiyA meM vijayazrI bAhubalI ko milI para usI samaya unake mana meM saMsAra ke prati virakti kA bhAva utpanna huA, aura bAhubalI ne dIkSA lekara kaThora tapasyA kI / anta meM bAhubalI ko kaivalya prApta huA / kaThora aura lambI avadhi kI tapasyA ke kAraNa bAhubalI ke zarIra se mAdhavI, sarpa evaM vRzcika Adi lipaTa gaye, kintu bAhubalI vicalita na hokara tapasyArata bane rahe / bAyIM ora zarIra se lipaTI mAdhavI ke sAtha bAhubalI kI kAyotsarga-mudrA meM tapasyArata AkRti banI hai / bAhubalI ke donoM aura unakI bahanoM, brAhmI aura sundarI kI mUrtiyAM haiM jinake nIce 'brAhmI' aura 'sundarI' abhilikhita hai / jaina paramparA ke anusAra RSabha ke Adeza para brAhmI aura sundarI bAhubalI ke samIpa gaI thIM / brAhmI evaM sundarI ke Agamana ke bAda hI bAhubalI ko kevala jJAna prApta huA thaa| cauthe Ayata meM caturbhuja gomukha aura cakrezvarI AmUrtita haiM / kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA (uttara se prathama ) ke vitAna para bhI RSabha ke jIvanadRzyoM ke vizada aMkana haiM (citra 13) / sampUrNa dRzya tIna AyatoM meM vibhAjita haiN| pahale Ayata meM pUrva kI ora sarvArthasiddha svargaM kA citraNa hai, jisameM vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM kaI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / smaraNIya hai ki vajranAbha kA jIva sarvArthasiddha svarga se hI marudevI ke garbha meM AyA thaa| Age vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM RSabha ke mAtA-pitA kI AkRtiyAM haiN| uttara meM (bAyeM se) marudevI kI zayyA para leTI mUrti hai / Age 14 mAMgalika svapna aura vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM RSabha ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyAM haiM / anya dRzya kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke samAna haiM / dUsare Ayata meM uttara kI ora (bAyeM se) sevikAoM se veSTita marudevI zizu ke sAtha leTI haiM / nIce 'RSabha janma' abhilikhita hai / bAyIM ora namaskAra mudrA meM sambhavataH indra kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM indra dvArA mI zizu ko meruparvata para le jAne kA ullekha hai / pUrva meM meru parvata para zizu ko indra kI goda meM baiThe dikhAyA gayA 1 pIche chatra lie eka mUrti utkIrNa hai / indra ke pArzvo meM abhiSeka hetu kalazadhArI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| dakSiNa meM dhyAnastha RSabha kI eka mUrti utkIrNa hai, jo apane bAyeM hAtha se kezoM kA luMcana kara rahI hai| bAyIM ora RSabha ko kAyotsargamudrA meM do vRkSoM ke madhya khar3A pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / samIpa hI RSabha kI eka anya kAyotsarga mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai / ye mUrtiyAM RSabha kI tapazcaryA kI sUcaka haiN| Age RSabha kA samavasaraNa hai| tIsare Ayata meM RSabha ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI, gomukha-cakrezvarI aura pAMca anya devatA nirUpita haiM / lekha meM cakrezvarI ko 'vaiSNavI devI' kahA gayA hai / anya mUrtiyAM brahmazAnti yakSa, 3, siMhavAhanA ambikA, sarasvatI, zAntidevI evaM mahAvidyA vairoTyA kI haiM / kalpasUtra ke citroM meM bhI RSabha ke paMcakalyANakoM ke vistRta aMkana haiM / " citroM ke vivaraNa kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM kI dRzyAvaliyoM ke samAna haiM / inameM RSabha ke vivAha, rAjyAbhiSeka evaM siddha-pada prApta karane ke dRzya / caturbhuja zakra ko RSabha kA rAjyAbhiSeka karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / dakSiNa bhArata - isa kSetra meM mahAvIra evaM pArzva kI tulanA meM RSabha kI mUrtiyAM kAphI kama haiM / RSabha mUrtiyoM meM jaTAoM, vRSabha lAMchana, gomukha cakrezvarI evaM 23 yA 24 choTo jina mUrtiyoM ke niyamita aMkana prApta hote haiM / 1 paumacariya 454-55 harivaMzapurANa 11.98 - 102 AdipurANa, khaM0 2, 36.106-85; tri0za0pu0ca0, khaM0 1, 5 740 - 98 2 tri00pu0ca0 1.2.407-30 3 caturbhuja brahmazAnti kA vAhana haMsa hai aura karoM meM varadamudrA, padma, pustaka evaM jalapAtra haiM / 4 caturbhujA vairoTyA ke hAthoM meM khaDga, sarpa, kheTaka evam phala pradarzita 1 5 brAuna, DablyU0ena0, e DeskripTiva eNNDa ilasTreTeDa keTalaoNga oNva miniyecara peNTigsa oNva di jaina kalpasUtra, vAziMgaTana, 1934, pR0 50-53, phalaka 35-38

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 95 la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti puDukoTTaI se milI hai / ' kAyotsarga meM khar3I RSabha mUrti ke parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM aura pIThikA para gomukha cakrezvarI nirUpita haiM / RSabha kI jaTAeM aura vRSabha lAMchana bhI utkIrNa haiM / kalasamaMgalama ( puDukoTTaI) se milI eka anya mUrti meM bhI gomukha cakrezvarI evaM parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| samAna lakSaNoM vAlI kannar3a risarca insTiTyUTa myUjiyama kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ke parikara meM 71 jina AkRtiyAM aura mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora supArzva evaM pArakha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / vizleSaNa saMpUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki uttara bhArata kI jina mUrtiyoM meM RSabha sarvAdhika lokapriya the / la0 8vIM zatI I0 meM unake vRSabha lAMchana aura navIM dasavIM zatI I0 meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI, gomukha evaM cakrezvarI kA aMkana prArambha huA / " RSabha kI jaTAoM kA nirdhAraNa mathurA meM pahalI zatI I0 meM hI ho gayA thA / devagar3ha, khajurAho, kumbhAriyA ( mahAvIra mandira) evaM lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke sAtha hI ambikA, padmAvatI, zAntidevI, sarasvatI, lakSmI, vairoTyA evaM brahmazAnti mI nirUpita haiM / RSabha ke sAtha ina devoM kA nirUpaNa RSabha kI vizeSa pratiSThA kA sUcaka hai / RSabha ke nirUpaNa meM hindU deva ziva kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| ziva kA prabhAva RSabha kI jaTAoM, vRSabha lAMchana evaM gomukha yakSa ke sandarbha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / gomukha yakSa vRSAnana hai aura usakA vAhana bhI vRSabha hai / gomukha yakSa ke hAthoM meM bhI ziva se sambandhita parazu evaM pAza pradarzita haiM / RSabha kI cakrezvarI yakSI vAhana (garuDa) aura AyudhoM (cakra, zaMkha, gadA ) ke AdhAra para hindU vaiSNavI se prabhAvita pratIta hotI hai / eka cakrezvarI mUrti meM devI ko spaSTataH 'vaiSNavI devI' kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra zaiva evaM devoM ko jaina dharma ke Adi torthaMkara RSabha ke zAsanadevatA ke rUpa meM nirUpita karake pratipAdita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI vaiSNava dharmoM ke pramukha ArAdhya sambhavataH jaina dharma kI zreSThatA (2) ajitanAtha jIvanavRtta ajitanAtha isa avasarpiNI yuga ke dUsare jina haiN| vinItA nagarI ke mahArAja jitazatru unake pitA aura vijayA devI unakI mAtA thiiN| ajita ke mAtA ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda se jitazatru avijita rahe, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma ajita rakhA gayA / AvazyakacUrNa meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM jitazatru vijayA ko khela meM na jIta sake the, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma ajita rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke bhoga ke bAda paMcamuSTika meM kezoM kA luMcana kara ajita ne dIkSA grahaNa kI / 1 bAlasubrahmaNyama, esa0 Ara0 tathA rAjU, vI0 vI0, 'jaina vesTijez2a ina di puDukoTTA sTeTa', kvA0ja0 mai0sTe0, khaM0 24, aM0 3, pR0 213-14 2 veMkaTaramana, ke0 Ara0, 'di jainaja ina di puDukoTTA sTeTa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 3, aM0 4, pR0 105 3 annigerI, e0 ema0, e gAiDa TU di kannar3a risarca iMsTiTyUTa myUz2iyama, dhAravAr3a, 1958, pR0 26-27 4 kevala ur3IsA kI udayagiri - khaNDagiri guphAoM meM hI RSabha kI tulanA meM pArzva kI adhika mUrtiyAM haiM / 5 devagar3ha, vimalavasahI evaM kucha anya sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA bhI AmUrtita haiM 1 bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA utkIrNana lokapriya nahIM thA / 6 banarjI, je0 ena0, di DIvelapamenTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 562 7 rAva, TI0 e0 gopInAtha, elimenTsa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, vArANasI, 1971 (pu0mu0 ), pR0 384-85

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96 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna bAraha varSoM kI kaThina tapasyA ke bAda ajita ko ayodhyA meM saptapaNaM ( nyagrodha) vRkSa ke nIce kevala-jJAna prApta huA / ajita ko sammeda zikhara para nirvANa prApta huA / ' prArambhika mUrtiyAM ajita kA lAMchana gaja hai aura yakSa-yakSI mahAyakSa evaM ajitabalA ( yA ajitA yA vijayA) haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM ajita kI yakSI rohiNI hai / kevala digaMbara sthaloM kI ajita mUrtiyoM meM hI yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiM / para unake nirUpaNa meM lezamAtra bhI paramparA kA nirvAha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI unake svatantra svarUpa bhI kabhI sthira nahIM ho sake / la0 chaThIM-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM ajita ke lAMchana aura AThavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA / ajita ko prArambhikatama mUrti la0 chaThIM -sAtavIM zatI I0 saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (49 - 1999) meM hai / ajita kAyotsarga - mudrA meM mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / bhAmaNDala ke atirikta koI anya prAtihAryaM nahIM pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM kI hai| vArANasI se milI yaha mUrti samprati rAjya nirvastra khar3e haiM aura pIThikA para gaja lAMchana kI do utkIrNa hai / milI haiN| la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI akoTA kI pIThikA choroM para dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM, gujarAta - rAjasthAna --- isa kSetra se ajita kI tIna mUrtiyAM eka mUrti meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora ajita ke gaja lAMchana utkIrNa haiM / 3 jinake Ayudha spaSTa nahIM haiM / pIThikA para aSTagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiM / 1053 I0 kI dUsarI mUrti ahamadAbAda ke ajitanAtha mandira meM hai jisameM lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai / para pIThikA lekha meM ajita kA nAma AyA hai / tIsarI mUrti kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM hai / 1119 I0 kI isa mUrti meM kAyotsargaM meM avasthita mUlanAyaka kI pIThikA para gaja lAMchana banA hai / yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiM, para toraNa stambhoM para apraticakrA, puruSadattA, mahAkAlI, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzI, rohiNI mahAvidyAoM evaM zAntidevI kI mUrtiyAM haiM / , uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza - isa kSetra meM kevala devagar3ha evaM khajurAho se hI ajita kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / * devagar3ha meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI pAMca mUrtiyAM haiM ( citra 15) | cAra mUrtiyoM meM ajita kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / gaja lAMchana sabhI meM utkIrNa hai / mandira 21 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti ke atirikta anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / inakI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA evaM phala ( yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiM / mandira 29 kI bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiM / isa mUrti meM cAmaragharoM ke samIpa hAra aura ghaTa lie hue do AkRtiyAM khar3I haiM / mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI kI do mUrtiyoM (10vIM - 11 zatI I0) ke parikara meM kramazaH cAra aura pAMca choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM | khajurAho meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI mUrtiyAM sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / tIna udAharaNoM meM ajita dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / yakSa-yakSI kevala eka hI mUrti (ke 43 ) meM nirUpita haiM / eka 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 64-67 2 zarmA, Ara0 sI0, 'jaina skalpacarsa oNva di gupta eja ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU', ma0jai0vi0 go0 ju0vA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 155 3 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 47, citra 41 bI0 4 mehatA, ena0sI0, 'e meDivala jaina imeja oNva ajitanAtha - 1053 e0DI0', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM056, pR072-74 5 ajIta, sambhava, abhinandana evaM padmaprabha kI kucha kAyotsargaM mUrtiyAM madhya pradeza ke zivapurI saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / draSTavya, jai0ka0 sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 604 6 sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI se hamArA tAtparyaM sadaiva aise dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI se hai jinake karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA padma) evaM phala ( yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiM / 7 tivArI, ema0 ena0pI0, 'di jina imejez2a oNva khajurAho vida spezala repharensa TU ajitanAtha', jaina jarnala,, khaM0 10, aM0 1, pR0 22-25

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jina-pratimAvijJAna 1 udAharaNa (ke 66) meM cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para pAryoM meM do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| siMhAsana-choroM para evaM parikara meM cAra anya jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| eka mUrti (ke 22) meM pIThikA para pAMca grahoM evaM parikara meM 6 jinoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / do anya mUrtiyoM (ke 43, ke 59) ke parikara meM kramazaH do aura sAta jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-rAjagira ke sonabhaNDAra guphA meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai|' pIThikA para siMhAsana ke sUcaka siMhoM ke sthAna para do gaja (lAMchana) AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| pIThikA-choroM para dhyAnastha jinoM kI do mUrtiyAM haiM / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM do cAmaradhara evaM parikara meM do uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara AmUrtita haiN| alaArA (mAnabhUma) se eka kAyotsarga mUrti (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) milI hai, jo samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10697) meM surakSita hai / siMhAsana para gaja lAMchana, aura parikara meM cAmaradhara, trichatra, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara, gaja, Amalaka evaM choTI jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / caraMpA (ur3IsA) se milI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara meM saMkalita hai| ur3IsA kI navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM ajita kI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke nIce yakSiyAM bhI AmUrtita haiN| bihAra ke mAnabhUma jilAntargata pAlamA se bhI ajita kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) milI hai / " gaja lAMchana yukta yaha mUrti zikhara yukta mandira meM pratiSThita hai| (3) sambhavanAtha jIvanavRtta . sambhavanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke tIsare jina haiN| zrAvastI ke zAsaka jitAri unake pitA aura senAdevI (yA suSeNA) unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra sambhava ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda se deza meM prabhUta mAtrA meM sAmba evaM maMga dhAnya utpanna hue, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma sambhava rakhA gyaa| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda sambhava ne sahasrAmravana meM dIkSA lii| 14 varSoM kI kaThora tapaHsAdhanA ke bAda zrAvastI nagara meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce sambhava ko kebala-jJAna prApta haa| nirvANa inhoMne sammeda zikhara para prApta kiyaa| prArambhika mUrtiyAM sambhava kA lAMchana azva hai aura yakSa-yakSI trimukha evaM duritAri haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma prajJapti hai| marta aMkanoM meM sambhava ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM prApta hotA / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM sambhava ke azva lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana prArambha haa| ___sambhava kI prAcInatama mUrti mathurA se milI hai aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 19) meM surakSita hai (citra 16) / kuSANakAlIna mUrti para aMkita saM0 48 (=126 I0) ke lekha meM 'sambhavanAtha' kA nAma utkIrNa hai| sambhava dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| pIThikA para dharmacakra aura triratna utkIrNa haiN| isa mUrti ke bAda dasavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI eka bhI sambhava mUrti nahIM milI hai| pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke jaina mandiroM kI devakulikAoM kI sambhava mUrtiyAM surakSita nahIM haiM / bihAra evaM baMgAla se sambhava kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| ur3IsA kI navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM sambhava kI tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM se do udAharaNoM meM yakSiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| 1 AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, dillI, citra saMgraha 1431.55 2 guptA, pI0 ela0, di paTanA myUjiyama kaiTalAga oNva di enTikviTIja, paTanA, 1965, pR0 90 3 daza, ema0 pI, pU0ni0, pR0 51-52 4 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 5 jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 2, pR0 267 6 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 68-71 7 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 13

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna uttara bhArata meM kevala uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza ke kSetra meM devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM bijanaura se sambhavanAtha kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| do mUrtiyAM (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM bhI haiN| lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya kI donoM mUrtiyoM meM sambhava nirvastra aura kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| inameM aSTa-prAtihArya evaM yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiM / eka mUrti (je 855) meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora azva lAMchana utkIrNa hai| dUsarI mUrti (0.118) meM sambhava ke skandhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 11 mUtiyAM haiN| azva lAMchana se yukta sambhava sabhI meM kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| 6 udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| inake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA (yA gadA) evaM phala (yA kalaza) pradarzita haiM / mandira 15 kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI dvibhujA hai, para yakSa caturbhuja hai| mandira 30 kI eka mUrti (12 vI zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI donoM caturbhuja haiN| cAra mUrtiyoM meM sambhava ke skandhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM parikara meM kalazadhArI, mandira 17 kI mUrti meM cAra jina aura mandira 30 kI mUrti meM jaina AcArya kI matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| khajurAho meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiM / 1158 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (mandira 27) meM eka bhI sahAyaka AkRti nahIM utkIrNa hai| anya udAharaNoM meM sambhava dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| do udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI mati (1715,11vIM zatI I0) meM mUlanAyaka ke pAzvoM meM supArzva kI do khar3agAsana matiyAM utkIrNa haiM / pArzvavartI jinoM ke samIpa do strI cAmaradhAriNI bhI citrita haiN| parikara meM tIna dhyAnastha jinoM evaM veNuvAdakoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| pArasanAtha kile (bijanaura) se 1010 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti milI hai| isake pIThikA lekha meM sambhava kA nAma utkIrNa hai| sambhava ke pAvoM meM nemi evaM candraprabha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM nirUpita haiN| yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| (4) abhinaMdana jIvanavRtta abhinaMdana isa avasarpiNI ke cauthe jina haiM / ayodhyA ke mahArAja saMvara unake pitA aura siddhArthA unakI mAtA thiiN| abhinaMdana ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda se sarvatra prasannatA chA gaI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma abhinaMdana rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda abhinaMdana ne dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kaThina tapasyA ke bAda ayodhyA meM zAla (yA piyaka) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| inakI nirvANa-sthalI bhI sammedazikhara hai|' mUrtiyAM dasavIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI abhinaMdana kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| abhinaMdana kA lAMchana kapi hai aura yakSa-yakSI yakSezvara (yA Izvara) evaM kAlikA (yA kAlI) haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma vaJazRMkhalA hai| zilpa meM abhinaMdana ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM prApta hotA / 1 mandira 4, 9, 21 2 tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'di AikAnogrAphI oNva di imejez2a oNva sambhavanAtha aiTa khajurAho', ja0guri0so0, khaM0 35, aM0 4, pR0 3-9 3 vAjapeyI, ke0 Do0, 'pAzvanAtha kile ke jaina avazeSa', candAbAI abhinaMdana grantha, ArA, 1954, pR0 389 4 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR072-74

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 99 abhinaMdana kI svatantra mUrtiyAM kevala devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM ur3IsA kI navamuni, bArabhujI aura trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / devagar3ha se kevala eka mUrti ( mandira 9, 10 vIM zatI I0) milI hai / kAyotsarga meM khar3e abhinandana ke Asana para kapilAMchana evaM siMhAsana - choroM para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI aMkita haiM / yakSa-yakSo ke karoM meM abhayamudrA aura kalaza pradarzita haiM / abhinandana ke skandhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiM / khajurAho se do mUrtiyAM (10 vIM - 11 vIM zatI I0 ) milI haiM / donoM meM jina dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / pahalI mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti para aura dUsarI mandira 29 meM haiM / donoM meM kapi lAMchana aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI abhayamudrA aura phala ( yA kalaza) ke sAtha nirUpita haiM / mandira 29 kI mUrti meM cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM bho utkIrNa haiN| tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / ' do mUrtiyoM meM yakSiyAM bhI AmUrtita haiM / (5) sumatinAtha jIvanavRtta sumatinAtha isa avasarpiNI ke pAMcaveM jina haiM / ayodhyA ke zAsaka megha ( yA meghaprabha) unake pitA aura maMgalA unakI mAtA thIM / maMgalA ne garbhakAla meM apanI sundara mati se jaTilatama samasyAoM kA hala prastuta kiyA, ataH garbhastha bAlaka kA usake janma ke uparAnta sumatinAtha nAma rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda sumati ne dIkSA lI aura 20 varSoM kI kaThina tapasyA ke bAda ayodhyA ke sahasrAmravana meM priyaMgu vRkSa ke nIce kevala jJAna prApta kiyA / inakI nirvANasthalI sammeda zikhara hai / mUrtiyAM sumatinAtha kI bhI dasavIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM prApta huI hai / sumati kA lAMchana krauMca pakSI, yakSa tumbaru tathA yakSI mahAkAlI haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma naradattA ( yA puruSadattA ) hai / mUrta aMkanoM meM sumati ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita hue / gujarAta-rAjasthAna kSetra meM AbU aura kumbhAriyA se sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulakA 27 evaM kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 5 meM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| donoM udAharaNoM mUlanAyaka kI mUrtiyAM naSTa haiM, para lekhoM meM sumatinAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai / vimalavasahI kI mUrti meM mUlanAyaka ke pArzvo meM do kAyotsargaM aura do dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / kumbhAriyA kI mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiM / siMhAsana ke madhya meM zAntidevI ke sthAna para do cAmaragharoM se sevita caturbhuja mahAkAlI AmUrtita hai / mUrti ke toraNa-stambhoM para apraticakrA, vajrAMkuzI, vajrazRMkhalA, vairoTyA, rohiNI, mAnavI, sarvAstramahAjvAlA evaM mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM tathA sarasvatI evaM kucha anya deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiM / 1 uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza ke kSetra meM kevala khajurAho evaM mahobA (1158 I0) 3 se sumati kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / khajurAho meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiN| donoM udAharaNoM meM lAMchana aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa yakSI AmUrtita haiM / yakSa-yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA ( yA puSpa ) evaM phala pradarzita haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI uttarI bhitti kI mUrti meM cAmaragharoM ke samIpa do khaDgAsana jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / mandira 30 kI dUsarI mUrti ke parikara meM cAra kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM haiM / 1 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 2 hastImala, pu0ni0, pR0 75- 78 3 smitha, vo0e0 tathA blaika, epha0sI0, 'Abjaravezana Ana sama candela enTikviTIja', ja0e0so0 baM0, khaM0 58, aM0 4, pR0 288

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100 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna ur3IsA meM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiM / ' donoM udAharaNoM meM krauMca pakSI kI pahacAna nizcita nahIM hai. para matiyoM ke pAramparika krama meM utkIrNa hone ke AdhAra para unakI sumati se pahacAna kI gaI hai| (6) padmaprabha jIvanavRtta padmaprabha vartamAna avasarpiNI ke chaThe jina haiN| kauzAmbI ke zAsaka dhara (yA dharaNa) inake pitA aura susImA inakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM mAtA ko padma kI zayyA para sone kI icchA haI thI tathA navajAta bAlaka ke zarIra kI prabhA bhI padma ke samAna thI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma padmaprabha rakhA gyaa| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda padmaprabha ne dIkSA lI aura chaha mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda kauzAmbI ke sahasrAmna vana meM priyaMgu (yA vaTa) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara para inheM nirvANa prApta huaa| mUrtiyAM padmaprabha kA lAMchana padma hai aura yakSa-yakSI kusuma evaM acyutA (yA zyAmA yA mAnasI) haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma manovegA hai| mUrta aMkanoM meM padmaprabha ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kabhI nirUpita nahIM hue| dasavIM zatI I0 se pahale kI padmaprabha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza ke kSetra meM padmaprabha kI mUrtiyAM kevala khajurAho, chatarapura, devagar3ha, naravara evaM gvAliyara se hI milI haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka vizAla padmaprabha mUrti khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke maNDapa meM surakSita hai| padmaprabha dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unakI pIThikA para caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI evaM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM do jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM vINAvAdana karatI sarasvatI kI bhI do mUrtiyAM haiN| sAtha hI kaI choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / gvAliyara se milI mUrti (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) dhyAnamudrA meM hai aura bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM saMgRhIta hai|" devagar3ha ke mandira 1 se milI mUrti kAyotsarga-mudrA meM aura 11 vIM zatI I0 kI hai / 1114 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti UrdamaU (ma0 pra0) ke mandira meM hai| chatarapura se milI kAyotsarga mUrti (1149 I0) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (0.122) meM haiN| isameM mUlanAyaka ke skandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| kummAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 6 kI mUrti (1202 I0) ke lekha meM padmaprama kA nAma utkIrNa hai / ur3IsA kI bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM dhyAnastha padmaprabha kI do mU tayAM haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai| (7) supArzvanAtha jIvanavRtta supArzvanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke sAtaveM jina haiN| vArANasI ke zAsaka pratiSTha (yA supratiSTha) unake pitA aura pRthvI unakI mAtA thiiN| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda supAvaM ne dIkSA lI aura nau mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda vArANasI ke sahasrAmravana meM sirIza (yA priyaMgu) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| inakI nirvANa-sthalI sammeda zikhara hai| 1 mitrA, devalA, 'zAsana devIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0sI0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 130; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 2 triza0pu0ca0 3.4 38, 51 3 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 78-81 4 je0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 604 5 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 62 6 jaina, kAmatAprasAda, 'di sTaicU oNva padmaprabha aiTa UrdamaU', vA0ahi0, khaM0 13, aM0 9, pR0191-92 7 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 82-84

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] mUrtiyAM supAkha~ kA lAMchana svastika hai / " zilpa meM supAkha~ kA lAMchana kucha udAharaNoM meM hI utkIrNa hai / mUrtiyoM meM supArzva kI pahacAna mukhyataH eka, pAMca yA nau sarpaphaNoM ke zirastrANa ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / " jaina granthoM meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM supArzva kI mAtA ne svapna meM apane ko eka, pAMca aura nau phaNoM vAle sarpoM ko zayyA para sote dekhA thA / vAstuvidyA ke anusAra supAkhaM tIna yA pAMca sarpa phaNoM ke chatra se zobhita hoNge| 3 eka yA nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI supArzva kI svatantra mUrtiyAM nahIM milI haiN| para digaMbara sthaloM kI kucha jina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM eka yA nau sarpa phaNoM ke chatroM vAlI supArzva kI laghu mUrtiyAM avazya utkIrNa haiM / svatantra mUrtiyoM meM supArzva sadaiva pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM / sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM sAmAnyataH caraNoM taka prasArita haiM / supArzva ke yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga aura zAMtA haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma kAlI (yA kAlikA) hai / dasavIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI supArzva mUrti nahIM milI hai / supArzva kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa anupalabdha hai / para kucha udAharaNoM meM supArzva se sambaddha karane ke uddezya se yakSa-yakSI ke siroM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita kiye gaye haiM / 101 gujarAta - rAjasthAna - 1085 I0 kI dhyAnamudrA meM banI eka mUrti kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI devakulikA 7 meM hai / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora do kAyotsargaM aura do dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yakSa yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI kucha mUrtiyAM osiyA kI devakulikAoM para bhI haiM / kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa meM 1157 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai / isameM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura svastika lAMchana donoM utkIrNa haiM, para pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke sthAna para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / yakSa-yakSI ke bAda donoM ora mahAvidyA, rohiNI aura vairoTyA kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| parikara meM sarasvatI, prajJapti, vajrAMkuzI, sarvAstramahAjvAlA evaM zRMkhalA kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiM / kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 7 kI mUrti (1202 I0) meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura sAtha hI lekha meM supArzva kA nAma bhI utkIrNa haiM / bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 19 meM hai / supArzva ke yakSa-yakSo ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti aura padmAvatI nirUpita haiN| pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra evaM svastika lAMchana se yukta bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM hai / do mUrtiyAM (12 vIM zatI I0) rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (ela 55 - 11 ) evaM rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (56) meM bhI haiM / vizleSaNa - isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI supArzva mUrtiyAM nahIM milI haiM / isa kSetra meM supArzva ke sAtha pAMca sapaMphaNoM ke chatra kA niyamita citraNa huA hai / sAtha hI lekhoM meM supArzva ke nAmollekha kI paramparA bhI lokapriya thI / kucha udAharaNoM meM svastika lAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai / yakSa-yakSI sadaiva sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| kevala eka mUrti meM pArzvanAtha kI yakSI padmAvatI AmUrtita hai / 1 tri00pu0ca0 ke anusAra supArzva janma ke samaya svastika cihna se yukta the / tiloyapaNNatta meM supA kA lAMchana nandyAvataM batAyA gayA hai / 2 ekaH paMca nava ca phaNAH, supArzve saptame jine / bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, vi jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR0 60 / 3 tripaMcaphaNaH supAkhaMH pArzvaH saptanavastathA / vAstuvidyA 22.27 4 zAha, yU0pI0, 'jaina skalpacarsa ina di bar3audA myUjiyama', bu0ba0myU0, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, pR0 29-30

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza - supArzva kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM isI kSetra meM utkIrNa huii| pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita aura kAyotsarga - mudrA meM khar3e supAkhaM ko dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti zahaDola se milI hai| dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM kramazaH mathurA saMgrahAlaya ( bI0 26) evaM gyArasapura ke bajarAmaTha (bI0 11) meM haiM / dhyAnamudrAvAlI eka mUrti baijanAtha (kAMgar3A) se milI hai / " svastika lAMchana yukta mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora candraprabha evaM vAsupUjyakI lAMchana yukta mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI dhyAnamudrA meM hI eka mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 935) meM hai jisake pIThikA choroM para tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / 102 devagar3ha meM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI pAMca mUtayAM haiN| sabhI meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita supArzva kAyotsargamudrA meM khar3e haiN| svastika lAMchana kevala mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI kI eka mUrti meM utkIrNa hai / isI cahAradIvArI kI eka anya mUrti meM supAzkhaM jaTAoM se yukta haiM / yakSa-yakSI kevala eka hI mUrti ( mandira 4 ) meM nirUpita haiN| tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se zobhita dvibhuja yakSa yakSI ke karoM meM puSpa evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / mandira 12 (uttarI cahAradIvArI ) kI eka mUrti ke parikara meM dvibhuja ambikA kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira 4 aura mandira 12 kI uttarI cahAradIvArI ke do udAharaNoM meM parikara meM cAra jina evaM do ghaTadhArI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / khajurAho meM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM ( mandira 5 evaM 28) haiN| donoM meM supAkhaM pAMca sarpaphaNoM vAle aura kAyotsarga-mudrA meM haiM / dUsarI mUrti meM pIThikA para svastika lAMchana aura zAntidevI utkIrNa haiM / bAyIM ora tIna anya caturbhuja deviyAM bhI nirUpita haiM / inakI bhujAoM meM kuNDalita padmanAla, padma, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiM / mandira 5 kI mUrti meM bAyIM ora eka caturbhuja devI AmUrtita hai jisakI avaziSTa vAma bhujAoM meM padma evaM phala haiN| Upara tIna choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM | vizleSaNa - uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki isa kSetra meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM kA pradarzana niyamita thA / sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM sAmAnyataH ghuTanoM yA caraNoM taka prasArita haiM / supArzva adhikAMzataH kAyotsarga - mudrA meM nirUpita haiM / svastika lAMchana kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM hai / yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa vizeSa lokapriya nahIM thA / kucha mUrtiyoM meM supArzva se sambandha pradarzita karane ke uddezya se yakSa-yakSI ke mastakoM para bhI sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiM / bihAra - ur3IsA - baMgAla -- bihAra evaM baMgAla se supArzva kI mUrtiyAM nahIM jJAta haiN| ur3IsA meM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM do mUrtiyAM haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti ke zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNa nahIM pradarzita haiN| pIThikA para utkIrNa lAMchana bhI sambhavataH nandyAvarta hai / nIce yakSI kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / trizUla guphA kI mUrti meM bhI sapaMphaNa nahIM pradarzita hai / para svastika lAMchana banA hai / " (8) candraprabha jIvanavRtta candraprabha isa avasarpiNI ke AThaveM jina | candrapurI ke zAsaka mahAsena unake pitA aura lakSmaNA ( yA lakSmI devI ) unakI mAtA thIM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA kI candrapAna kI icchA pUrNa huI thI aura bAlaka kI 1 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 59.28 2 vatsa, ema0 esa0 e noTa Ana TU imejeja phrAma banIpAra mahArAja aiNDa baijanAtha', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1929 - 30, pR0 228 3 caturbhuja zAntidevI abhayamudrA, kuNDalita padmanAla, pustaka- padma evaM jalapAtra se yukta haiM / zAntidevI ke sira para sarpaNa kI chatrAvalI bhI hai / 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0 ni0, pR0 131 5 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 103 prabhA bhI candramA ko taraha tho, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma candraprabha rakhA gyaa| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda candraprama ne dIkSA lI aura tIna mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda candrapurI ke sahasrAmra vana meM priyaMgu (yA nAga) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara unakI nirvANa-sthalI hai| mUrtiyAM candraprabha kA lAMchana zazi hai aura yakSa-yakSI vijaya (yA zyAma) evaM bhRkuTi (yA jvAlA) haiN| mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| la0 navIM zatI I0 meM candraprabha ke lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana prArambha huaa| candraprabha kI prAcInatama mUrti la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI hai| vidizA se milI isa dhyAnastha mUrti ke lekha meM candraprabha kA nAma hai| mUrti meM lAMchana nahIM hai, yadyapi cAmaradhara, siMhAsana aura prabhAmaNDala utkIrNa haiN| isa mUrti ke bAda aura navIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra se kevala do mUrtiyAM milI haiM jo dhyAnamudrA meM haiN| 1152 I0 kI pahalI mUrti rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera meM hai| dUsarI mUrti (1202 I0) kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 8 meM hai| lekha meM candraprabha kA nAma utkIrNa hai| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-navIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti kauzAmbI se milI hai aura ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (295) meM surakSita hai (citra 17) / 5 pIThikA para candra lAMchana aura dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 ko zazi lAMchanayukta tIna mUrtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM candraprabha dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| sironI khudaM (lalitapura) kI dasavIM zatI I0 ke tIsare udAharaNa meM jina kAyotsarga-mudrA meM (je 881) tathA dvibhuja yakSayakSI ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| candra prama ke skandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiM / ____ khajurAho meM do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiM / pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSayakSI aura do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / mandira 32 kI dUsarI mUrti (12vIM zatI I0) meM bhI yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| cAmaradharoM kI donoM bhujAoM meM cAmara pradarzita hai| parikara meM tIna jina evaM 6 uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara citrita haiN| devagar3ha meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI lAMchana yukta nau candraprabha mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 15,16) / chaha udAharaNoM meM candraprabha dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiN| sAta udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiN| cAra udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| mandira 1 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa gomukha hai| smaraNIya hai ki gomukha RSabhanAtha ke yakSa haiM / mandira 21 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiN| mandira 20 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM siMhAsana ke donoM choroM para caturbhaja yakSI hI AmUrtita hai| parikara meM cAra jina AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| mandira 4 aura 12 (pradakSiNA patha) ko mUrtiyoM meM bhI cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mandira 21 kI mUrti meM candraprabha jaTAoM se yakta haiN| parikara meM ATha jina AkRtiyAM bhI haiM / mandira 1 aura 12 (cahAradIvArI) kI mUrtiyoM meM kramazaH 6 aura 4 jina AkRtiyAM banI haiN| vizleSaNa-jJAtavya hai ki candraprabha kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza meM hI utkIrNa huii| isa kSetra meM zazi lAMchana kA citraNa niyamita thaa| yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa bhI lokapriya thaa| kucha udAharaNoM meM apAramparika kintu svatantra lakSaNoMvAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / 1 triza0pu0ca0 3.6.49 2 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 85-87 3 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, 'nyUlI DiskavarDa skalpacarsa phrAma vidizA', ja0o0I0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, pR0 253 4 iNDiyana AkialAjI-e rivyU, 1957-58, pR0 76 5 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 142-43 6 je 880, je 881, jI 113 7 mandira 1, 12, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya

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104 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-aluArA (paTanA saMgrahAlaya 10695)' evaM sonagiri se candraprabha kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM (11 vIM zatI I0) milI haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM bhI hai| isameM pIThikA para yakSa-yakSI aura parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM bhI candraprabha kI .do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM dvAdazabhuja yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai / koNArka (ur3IsA) ke nikaTavartI kakatapura se prApta candraprabha kI kAyotsarga meM khar3I eka dhAtu mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM hai|" (9) suvidhinAtha yA puSpadanta jIvanavRtta suvidhinAtha (yA puSpadanta) isa avasarpiNI ke naveM jina haiN| kAkandI nagara ke zAsaka sugrIva unake pitA aura rAmAdevI unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM mAtA saba vidhiyoM meM kuzala rahIM, aura unheM puSpa kA dohada utpanna huA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma kramazaH suvidhi aura puSpadanta rakhA gayA / zvetAMbara paramparA meM suvidhi aura puSpadanta donoM nAmoM ke ullekha haiM, para digaMbara paramparA meM kevala puSpadanta nAma hI prApta hotA hai| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda suvidhi ne dIkSA lI aura cAra mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda kAkandI ke sahasrAmra vana meM mAlUra (yA mAlI yA akSa) vRkSa ke nIce kevala-jJAna prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai| mUrtiyAM suvidhi kA lAMchana makara hai aura yakSa-yakSI ajita (yA jaya) evaM sutArA (yA caNDAlikA) haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma mahAkAlI hai / mUrta aMkanoM meM suvidhi ke yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpita hue / kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM hI yakSI nirUpita hai| puSpadanta kI prAcInatama mUrti la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI hai| vidizA se milI isa mUrti meM puSpadanta dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / lekha meM puSpadanta kA nAma utkIrNa hai / bhAmaNDala aura cAmaradhara bhI citrita haiM / isa mUrti aura gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke bIca kI koI mUrti jJAta nahIM hai| makara lAMchana yukta do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizala guphAoM meM haiN|91151 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti chatarapura se milI hai| kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakUlikA 9 (1202 I0) meM bhI eka mUrti hai / isa mUrti ke lekha meM suvidhi kA nAma utkIrNa hai| parikara meM do jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| (10) zItalanAtha jIvanavRtta zItalanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke dasaveM jina haiM / madidalapura ke mahArAja dRr3haratha unake pitA aura nandAdevI unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM nandA devI ke sparza se eka bAra dRr3haratha ke zarIra kI bhayaMkara pIDA 1 prasAda, eca0 ke, pU0ni, pR0 287 2 vA0ahiM0, khaM0 12, aM0 9 3 sTajai0A0, phalaka 16, citra 44 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 5 je0ka0sthA0, khaM0 2, pR0 277 6 triza0pu0ca0 3.7.49-50 7 hastomala, pU0ni0, pR0 88-90 8 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, pU0ni0,pR0 252-53 9 mitrA. debalA. pra0ni0. pR0 131: kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pa0 281 10 zAstrI, hIrAnanda, 'sama risenTalI aiDeDa skalpacarsa ina di prAvinziyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU', me0A0sa0I0, aM0 11, 10 14

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] zAnta huI thI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma zItalanAtha rakhA gayA / tIna mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda sahasrAmra vana meM plakSa (pIpala) vRkSa ke nirvANa sthalI hai / 2 mUrtiyAM zItala kA lAMchana zrIvatsa hai aura yakSa-yakSI brahma ( yA brahmA ) evaM azokA ( yA gomedhikA) haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI mAnavI hai / mUrta aMkanoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa durlabha hai / kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI nirUpita hai / zItala kI dasavIM zatI I0 se pahale kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai / 105 rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda unhoMne dIkSA lI aura nIce kaivalya prApta kiyA / sammeda zikhara inakI bArabhujI guphA meM zrIvatsa - lAMchana-yukta eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai / 3 dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM AraMga ( ma0pra0) se milI haiM / tripurI (jabalapura) se prApta eka mUrti bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM hai / " kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 10 meM bhI eka mUrti (1202 I0 ) hai / mUrti ke lekha meM zItalanAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai / (11) zreyAMzanAtha jIvanavRtta zreyAMzanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke gyArahaveM jina haiN| siMhapurI ke zAsaka viSNu unake pitA aura viSNudevI (yA veNudevI ) unakI mAtA thIM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra bAlaka ke janma se rAjaparivAra aura sampUrNa rASTra kA zreya - kalyANa huA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma zreyAMza rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda sahasrAmra vana meM zreyAMza ne azoka vRkSa ke nIce dIkSA lI aura do mAsa kI tapasyA ke bAda siMhapura ke udyAna meM tinduka ( yA palAza) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyA / sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa sthalI hai / 7 mUrtiyAM zreyAMza kA lAMchana gaiMDA (khaDgI ) hai aura yakSa-yakSI Izvara ( yA yakSarAja ) evaM mAnavI haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI gaurI hai / mUrtiyoM meM yakSa- yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai / kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI nirUpita hai / gyArahavIM zatI I0 se pahale kI zreyAMza kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milo hai / la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / " eka mUrti indaura saMgrahAlaya meM hai / " pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 11 meM zreyAMza kI mUrti kA siMhAsana zreyAMza kA nAma utkIrNa hai / kabIrA (puruliyA) se milI hai / ' do mUrtiyAM lAMchana sabhI meM utkIrNa haiM / kumbhAriyA ke ( 1202 I0) surakSita hai / isakI pIThikA para (12) vAsupUjya jIvanavRtta vAsupUjya isa avasarpiNI ke bArahaveM jina haiM / campAnagarI ke mahArAja vasupUjya unake pitA ora jayA ( yA vijayA) unakI mAtA thIM / vasupUjya kA putra hone ke kAraNa hI inakA nAma vAsupUjya rakhA gayA / jaina paramparA meM 5 eNDarasana, je0 pU0ni0, pR0 206 6 tri0 za0pu0ca0 4.1.86 1 tri0 za0pu0ca0 3.8.47 2 hastImala, pu0ni0, pR0 91-93 4 jaina, bAlacandra, 'mahAkauzala kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 17, aM0 3, pR0 132 3 mitrA, devalA, pU0 ni0, pR0 131 7 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 94-98 8 banarjI, e0, 'TU jaina imejez2a', ja0bi0 u0ri0sI0, khaM0 28, bhAga 1, pR0 44 9 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 282 10 diskAlakara, DI0 bI, di indaura myUz2iyama, indaura, 1942, pR05 14

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna inake avivAhita-rUpa meM dIkSA grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai| inhoMne rAjapada bhI nahIM grahaNa kiyA thaa| dIkSA ke bAda eka mAha kI tapasyA ke uparAnta inheM campA ke udyAna meM pATala vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta huaa| campA inakI nirvANasthalI bhI hai| mUrtiyAM vAsupUjya kA lAMchana mahiSa hai aura yakSa-yakSI kumAra evaM candrA (yA caNDA yA ajitA) haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma gAndhArI hai| la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM mUrtiyoM meM vAsupUjya ke sAtha lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA utkIrNana prArambha haA, kintu yakSa-yakSI pAramparika nahIM the| la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti zahaDola (ma0 pra0) se milI hai (citra 17) / isakI pIThikA para mahiSa lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI, tathA parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| do mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 41 meM 1188 I0 kI eka mUrti hai jisake lekha meM vAsupUjya kA nAma utkIrNa hai| yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 12 meM bhI eka mUrti hai / isake 1202 I0 ke lekha meM vAsupUjya kA nAma utkIrNa hai| marti meM cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para do khaDgAsana jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| (13) vimalanAtha jIvanavRtta vimalanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke terahaveM jina haiN| kapilapura ke zAsaka kRtavarmA unake pitA aura zyAmA unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA tana-mana se nirmala banI rahIM, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma vimalanAtha rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda vimala ne sahasrAmravana meM dIkSA lI aura do varSoM kI tapasyA ke bAda kapilapura (sahetuka vana) ke udyAna meM jambU vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyA / sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai|" mUrtiyAM vimala kA lAMchana varAha hai aura yakSa-yakSI SaNmukha evaM viditA (yA vairoTayA) haiN| zilpa meM vimala ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kabhI nahIM nirUpita hue| navIM zatI I0 meM mUrtiyoM meM jina ke lAMchana aura gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa prArambha huaa| navIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti vArANasI se milI hai jo sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya (236) meM surakSita hai (citra 18) / vimala kAyotsarga-madrA meM sAdhAraNa pIThikA para nirvastra khar3e haiN| pIThikA para lAMchana utkIrNa hai| pArzvavartI cAmaradharoM ke atirikta anya koI sahAyaka AkRti nahIM hai| 1009 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai / baTezvara (AgarA) se milI isa mUrti meM vimala nirvastra haiM / siMhAsana para lAMchana aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| yakSa-yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA aura ghaTa pradarzita haiN| aluArA se prApta la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10674) meM surakSita hai| lAMchana yukta do mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 99-101 2 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDoja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 59.34, 102.6 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131; kurezI, muhammada hamoda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 / 4 triza0pu0ca0 4.3.48 5 hastImala, pU0ni0, 10 102-04 6 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMyaha 7.89 7 prasAca, eca0ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 288 8 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 107 pahalI mUrti meM aSTabhuja yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai| vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 50 meM eka mUrti hai jisake 1188 I0 ke lekha meM vimala kA nAma hai tathA pIThikA ke bAyeM chora para yakSI ambikA nirUpita hai| (14) anantanAtha jIvanavRtta anantanAtha isa avasarpiNo ke caudahaveM jina haiN| ayodhyA ke mahArAja siMhasena unake pitA aura suyazA (yA sarvayazA) unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki ananta ke garbhakAla meM pitA ne bhayaMkara zatruoM para vijaya prApta kI thI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma ananta rakhA gayA / ' rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda ananta ne pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura tIna varSoM kI tapasyA ke bAda ayodhyA ke sahasrAmra vana meM azoka (yA popala) vRkSa ke nIce kevala-jJAna prApta kiyA / sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai| mUrtiyAM zvetAMbara paramparA meM ananta kA lAMchana zyena pakSI aura digaMbara paramparA meM rIcha batAyA gayA hai|3 ananta ke yakSa-yakSI pAtAla evaM aMkuzA (yA varabhRtA) haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma anantamati hai| mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM huA hai / ananta kI bhI gyArahavIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI koI mUrti nahIM milI hai| dhyAnastha ananta kI eka mUrti bArabhujI guphA meM hai| mUrti ke nIce aSTabhuja yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| eka dhyAnastha mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) vimalavasahI kI devakUlikA 33 meM hai jisameM yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| (15) dharmanAtha jIvanavRtta dharmanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke pandrahaveM jina haiN| ratnapura ke mahArAja mAnu unake pitA aura suvratA unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA ko dharmasAdhana kA dohada utpanna huA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma dharmanAtha rakhA gyaa| rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda dharma ne dIkSA grahaNa kI aura do varSoM kI tapasyA ke bAda ratnapura ke udyAna meM dadhiparNa vRkSa ke nIce unhoMne kevala-jJAna prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai|" mUrtiyAM dharmanAtha kA lAMchana vajra hai aura yakSa-yakSI kinnara evaM kandarpA (yA mAnasI) haiN| mUrta aMkanoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM nIce yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 se pahale kI dharmanAtha kI koI mUrti nahIM milI hai| vajra-lAMchana-yukta do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM vizala guphAoM meM haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti indaura saMgrahAlaya meM hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 1 kI mUrti (12vIM zatI I0) ke lekha meM dharmanAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai| mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| 1 triza.pu0ca0 4.4.47 2 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 105-07 3 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 70 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131 5 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 108-13 6 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 7 diskAlakara, DI0 bI0pU0ni0, pR0 5

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108 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna (16) zAntinAtha jIvanavRtta zAntinAtha isa avasapiNI ke solahaveM jina haiN| hastinApura ke zAsaka vizvasena unake pitA aura acirA unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki zAntinAtha ke garbha meM Ane ke pUrva hastinApura nagara meM mahAmArI kA roga phailA thA, para inake garbha meM Ate hI mahAmArI kA prakopa zAnta ho gyaa| isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma zAntinAtha rakhA gayA / zAnti ne 25 hajAra varSoM taka cakravartI pada se sampUrNa bhArata para zAsana kiyA aura usake bAda dIkSA lii| eka varSa kI kaThora tapasyA ke bAda zAnti ko hastinApura ke sahasrAmra udyAna meM nandivRkSa ke noce kaivalya prApta haa| sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai|' mUrtiyAM zAnti kA lAMchana mRga hai aura yakSa-yakSI garuDa (yA vArAha) evaM nirvANI (yA dhAriNI) haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma mahAmAnasI hai / mUrtiyoM meM zAnti ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| la. sAtavIM zatI I. se pUrva kI koI zAnti mUrti nahIM milI hai| zAnti kI mUrtiyoM meM la0 AThavIM zatA I0 meM lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA / gujarAta-rAjasthAna-la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 ko eka dhyAnastha mUrti kheDbrahmA se milI hai| isameM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhati evaM ambikA haiN| siMhAsana para dharmacakra ke donoM ora do mRga utkIrNa haiM jinheM yU0 pI0 zAha ne jina ke lAMchana (mRga) kA sUcaka mAnA hai / sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti dhAMka guphA meM bhI hai| isameM siMhAsana ke madhya meM mRga lAMchana aura parikara meM trichatra evaM cAmaradhara sevaka AmUrtita haiN| kambhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI devakulikA 1 meM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti hai / mUrti ke lekha meM zAntinAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai| yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora supArzva evaM pArzva kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiN| parikara meM 24 choTI jina AkRtiyAM bhI haiN| kummAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa meM 1919-20 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai (citra 20) / pIThikA para mRga lAMchana aura lekha meM zAntinAtha kA nAma yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiM / parikara meM ATha caturbhuja deviyAM nirUpita haiM / inameM vajrAMkuzI, mAnavI, sarvAstramahAjvAlA. asA evaM mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM aura zAntidevI kI pahacAna sambhava hai / 1138I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti rAjapatAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (468) meM hai| lekha meM zAntinAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai| 1168 I0 ko cAhamAna kAla kI eka nokAMsya mati vikToriyA aiNDa alabarTa saMgrahAlaya, landana meM hai| yahAM zAnti alaMkRta Asana para dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe haiN| 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 114-18 2 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'aina olDa jaina imeja phrAma kheDbrahmA (nArtha gujarAta)', ja0o0I0, khaM0 10, aM0 1, pR0 61-63 3 yaha pahacAna tarkasaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki dharmacakra ke donoM ora do mRgoM kA utkIrNana gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke / mUrtiyoM ko eka sAmAnya vizeSatA thii| ataH yahAM mRgoM ko lAMchana kA sUcaka mAnanA ucita nahIM hogaa| 4 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'di aliesTa jaina skalpacarsa ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0so0, julAI 1938, pR0 428-29; sTa00A0, pR0 17 50ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 560-61

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 109 vimalavasahI kI devakulikAoM (12, 24, 30 ) meM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI ke lekhoM meM zAntinAtha kA nAma hai / sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 14 kI mUrti (1236 I0 ) meM bhI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kA hI aMkana hai / zAntinAtha kI eka cauvIsI ( 1510 I0) bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (21733) meM hai (citra 21) / vizleSaNa -- isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki kucha udAharaNoM (kumbhAriyA, dhAMka) ke atirikta isa kSetra meM lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / para pIThikA - lekhoM meM zAnti kA nAma utkIrNa hai / yakSa yakSI sabhI udAharaNoM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiM / uttara pradeza- madhyapradeza -la0 AThavIM zatII0 kI dhyAnamudrA meM eka mUrti mathurA se milI hai jo samprati purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI 75 ) meM hai / isameM dharmacakra ke donoM ora mRga lAMchana kI do AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / parikara meM grahoM kI bhI ATha mUrtiyAM banI haiN| inameM ketu nahIM hai / kauzAmbI se milI la0navIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (535 ) meM hai / isameM dharmacakra ke donoM ora mRga lAMchana utkIrNaM hai / yakSa-yakSI nahIM bane haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (ema 54 ) gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira ke maNDapa kI dakSiNI rathikA meM surakSita hai / isakI pIThikA para mRga lAMchana aura caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI, tathA parikara meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI zAntinAtha kI eka kAyotsargaM mUrti dudahI (lalitapura) se milI hai| isameM jina nirvastra haiM aura unakA mRga lAMchana dharmacakra ke donoM ora utkIrNa hai / devagar3ha meM navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI mRga-lAMchana-yukta 6 mUrtiyAM haiM 3 pAMca udAharaNoM meM zAnti kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e haiM / mandira 12 ke garbhagRha kI navIM zatI I0 kI vizAla mUrti ke atirikta anya sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI do mUrtiyoM meM yakSI caturbhujA hai para yakSa kevala eka meM hI caturbhuja hai / mandira 12 ( pradakSiNApatha ) evaM mandira 4 kI do mUrtiyoM ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) meM zAnti ke skandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiM / mandira 12 (garbhagRha) evaM sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya kI mUrtiyoM meM navagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti meM grahoM kI mUrtiyAM dhyAnamudrA meM banI haiN| yahAM ketu strI rUpa meM nirUpita hai / mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI mUrti ke parikara meM cAra choTI jina AkRtiyAM evaM cAra uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara AmUrtita haiM / mandira 4 kI mUrti ke parikara meM cAra jina evaM do ghaTadhArI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI eka anya mUrti ke parikara meM dasa aura pradakSiNApatha kI mUrti meM do jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNaM haiM / khajurAho meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatII0 kI mRga-lAMchana-yukta cAra mUtiyAM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM zAnti kAyotsargaM meM khar3e haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (ke 39) meM cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / mandira 1 kI vizAla kAyotsargaM mUrti (1028 I0 ) meM cAmaradharoM ke samIpa pArzvanAtha kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiM / parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| sihAsana choroM para caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI haiN| sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (ke 63) meM skandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| pIThikA choroM para dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI evaM parikara meM chaha jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (ke 39) meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM haiM, para pAvoM meM do jina mUrtiyAM banI 1 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 143 2 bruna, klAja, 'jaina tIrthaMja ina madhyadeza: dudahI', jaina yuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 32-33 3 mandira 8 ke barAmade meM zAnti kI mUrti kA eka siMhAsana bhI surakSita hai| isameM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura yakSI ke rUpa dvibhuja ambikA nirUpita hai| yakSa ke karoM meM gadA, parazu, padma evaM phala haiM / 4 sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, mandira 12 ( pradakSiNApatha), mandira 4

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110 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna haiN| jADina saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai, para yakSI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| parikara meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| pabhosA kI mRga-lAMchana-yukta eka dhyAnastha mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (533) meM hai (citra 19) / mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| pArvavartI cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM banI haiM / parikara meM do choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / sAmAnya mAlAdhara yugaloM ke atirikta 6 anya mAlAdhara bhI citrita haiN| padhAvalI evaM ahAr3a (1180 I0) se do kAyotsarga matiyAM milI haiN| eka mati (1146 I0) dhubelA saMgrahAlaya meM bhI hai| yahAM lekha meM zAnti kA nAma utkIrNa hai|2 1179 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mati bajaraMgagar3ha (gunA) se milI hai| isakI pIThikA para yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiN| 1053 I0 evaM 1147 I0 kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM madanapura se prApta huI haiM / vizleSaNa-uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza se prApta mUrtiyoM meM zAntinAtha adhikAMzataH kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e haiN| isa kSetra kI jina mUrtiyoM meM mRga lAMchana kA niyamita aMkana huA hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM lekha meM bhI zAnti kA nAma utkIrNa hai| isa kSetra meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora mRga lAMchana ke citraNa kI paramparA vizeSa lokapriya thii| yakSa-yakSI adhikAMzataH sarvAnabhati evaM ambikA, tathA zeSa meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM zAnti ke sAtha jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-la. navIM zatI I0 kI mRga-lAMchana-yukta eka mUrti rAjapArA (midanApura) se milI hai| caraMpA se milI la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara meM surakSita hai| pIThikA para yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiM / pakbIrA (puruliyA) se gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI mRga-lAMchana-yukta eka kAyotsarga mUrti milI hai|" parikara meM ajamukha naigameSI evaM aMjali-mudrA meM cAra striyAM AmUrtita haiN| siMhAsana ke nIce kalaza aura zivaliMga bane haiN| parikara kI navagrahoM kI mUrtiyAM khaNDita haiM / chitagiri (ambikAnagara) ke mandira meM bhI zAnti kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai| parikara meM cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| ujenI (bardavAna), alu ArA evaM mAnabhUma se bhI zAnti kI gyArahavIMbArahavIM zatI I0 kI kAyotsarga mUtiyAM milI haiN| do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| vizleSaNa-adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla kI mUrtiryoM meM bhI zAnti adhikAMzataH kAyotsarga meM hI nirUpita haiN| mRga lAMchana kA citraNa niyamita thA, para yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana lokapriya nahIM thaa| 1 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 158 2 jaina, bAlacandra, 'dhubelA saMgrahAlaya ke jaina mUrti lekha', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 4, pR0 244-45 3 jaina, nIraja, 'bajaraMgagar3ha kA vizada jinAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 2, pR0 65-66 4 koThiyA, darabArIlAla, 'hamArA prAcIna vismRta vaibhava', anekAnta, varSa 14, agasta 1956, pR0 31 5 guptA, pI0sI0 dAsa, 'AkialAjikala DiskavarI ina vesTa baMgAla', buleTina oNva vi DAirekTareTa oNva Akia lAjI, vesTa baMgAla, aM0 1, 1963, pR0 12 6 daza, ema0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 52 7 De, sudhIna, 'TU yUnIka inskrAibDa jaina skalpacasaM', jaina jarnala, khaM0 5, aM0 1, pR0 24-26 8 guptA, pI0ela0, pU0ni0, pR0 90; eNDarasana, je0, pU0ni0, pR0 201-02 9 mitrA, devalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281

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jina-pratimAvijJAna] 111 jIvana dRzya zAnti ke jIvanadRzyoM ke citraNa kummAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM (11vIM zatI I0) tathA vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 12 (12vIM zatI I0) ke vitAnoM para milate haiM / ' kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke dUsare vitAna para zAnti ke jIvanadazya haiN| zAnti ke pUrvajanma kI eka kathA ke citraNa ke AdhAra para hI sampUrNa dRzyAvalI kI pahacAna kI gaI hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM ullekha hai ki pUrvabhava meM zAnti megharatha mahArAja the| eka bAra IzAnendra devasabhA meM megharatha ke dharmAcaraNoM kI prazaMsA kara rahe the| isa para surUpa nAma ke eka devatA ne megharatha kI parIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| pRthvI para Ate samaya surUpa ne eka bAja aura kapota ko lar3ate hue dekhA / parIkSA lene ke uddezya se surUpa kapota ke zarIra meM praviSTa ho gyaa| kapota rakSA ke lie ArtanAda karatA haA megharatha kI goda meM A girA / megharatha ne use prANa rakSA kA vacana diyaa| kucha dera bAda bAja bhI vahAM pahuMcA aura usane megharatha se kahA ki vaha kSudhA se vyAkula hai, isalie usake AhAra (kapota) ko ve lauTA deN| para megharatha ne bAja se kapota ke sthAna para kucha aura grahaNa karane ko khaa| isa para bAja ne kahA ki yadi use kapota ke bhAra ke barAbara manuSya kA mAMsa mila jAya to usase vaha apanI kSudhA zAnta kara legaa| megharatha ne tatkSaNa eka tarAjU maMgavAyA aura apane zarIra se mAMsa kATa kara usa para rakhane lge| para kapota ke bhItara ke devatA ne dhIre-dhore apanA bhAra bar3hAnA prArambha kara diyaa| anta meM megharatha svayaM tarAjU para baiTha gye| isa prakAra megharatha ko kisI bhI prakAra dharma se cyata hote na dekhakara surUpa deva ne anta meM apane ko prakaTa kiyA aura megharatha ko AzIrvAda diyaa| zAntinAtha mandira ke dRzya tIna AyatoM meM vibhakta haiN| bAhara se prathama Ayata meM pazcima kI ora sainikoM evaM saMgItajJoM se veSTita megharatha eka UMce Asana para virAjamAna haiN| Age eka tarAjU banI hai jisa para eka ora kapota aura dasarI ora megharatha baiThe haiM / dakSiNa kI ora megharatha jaina AcAryoM ke upadezoM kA zravaNa kara rahe haiN| pUrva kI ora sambhavataH megharatha kI kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata mUrti hai| Age vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM zAnti ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| samIpa hI mAtA kI vizrAmarata mUrti evaM 14 zubha svapna bhI aMkita haiN| dUsare Ayata meM pUrva kI ora zAnti kI mAtA ziza ke sAtha leTI haiN| Age naigameSI dvArA zizu ko meru parvata para le jAne kA dRzya hai| dakSiNa kI ora indra kI goda meM baiThe ziza (zAnti) ke janma-abhiSeka kA dRzya utkIrNa hai| indra ke pAvoM meM cAmaradhara evaM kalazadhArI sevaka citrita haiN| tIsare Ayata meM cakravartI pada ke kucha lakSaNa, yathA navanidhi ke sUcaka nau ghaTa, khaDga, chatra, cakra Adi utkorNa haiN| Age kaI AkatiyAM haiM jinake samIpa cakravartI zAnti UMce Asana para virAjamAna haiN| samIpa kI AkRtiyAM sambhavataH adhInastha zAsakoM kI sacaka haiN| dAhinI ora zAnti kA samavasaraNa utkIrNa hai jisameM Upara kI ora zAnti kI dhyAnastha mati hai| kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke 5veM vitAna para bhI zAnti ke jIvanadRzya aMkita haiM (citra 22 dkssinnaardh)| sampUrNa dRzyAvalI tIna AyatoM meM vibhakta hai / bAhara se prathama Ayata meM dakSiNa ko ora zAnti ke mAtA-pitA kI vArtAlApa meM saMlagna AkRtiyAM haiN| pazcima kI ora (bAyeM se) zAnti kI mAtA zayyA para leTI haiN| Age 14 mAMgalika svapna aura navajAta zizu ke sAtha mAtA kI vizrAmarata mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| samIpa hI sevikAoM evaM naigameSI kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| nIce 'zrI acirAdevI-prasUtigRha-zAntinAtha' utkIrNa hai| uttara-pUrva ke kone para zAnti ke janmAbhiSeka kA dRzya hai, jisameM eka zizu indra kI goda meM baiThA aMkita hai| indra ke donoM pAzvoM meM kalazadhArI AkRtiyAM khaDI haiN| Age cakravartI zAnti eka U~ce Asana para virAjamAna haiN| nIce 'zAntinAtha-cakravartI-pada' likhA hai| dakSiNI-pUrvI kone para zAnti kI gaja aura azva para ArUr3ha kaI mUrtiyAM haiM jinake nIce zAntinAtha kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| ye AkRtiyAM 1 lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 14 kI zAntinAtha mUrti ke AdhAra para vitAna ke dRzyoM kI bhI sambhAvita pahacAna zAnti se kI gaI hai : jayantavijaya, munizrI, holI AbU, bhAvanagara, 1954, pR0 122-23 2 trizapu0ca0, khaM0 3, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 108, bar3audA, 1949, pR0 291-93

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112 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sambhavataH cakravartI pada prApta karane ke pUrva vibhinna yuddhoM ke lie prasthAna karate hue zAnti ke aMkana haiN| uttara kI ora zAnti kI dIkSA kA dRzya hai / dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna zAnti kezoM kA luMcana kara rahe haiM / dAhinI ora indra zAnti ke luMcita kezoM ko eka pAtra meM saMcita kara rahe haiN| Age zAnti kI kAyotsarga meM khar3I evaM dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna mUrtiyAM haiN| ye mUrtiyAM unakI tapasyA aura kaivalya prApti ko pradarzita karatI haiN| uttara kI ora zAnti kA samavasaraNa banA hai jisake Upara zAnti kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 12 ke vitAna para zAnti ke paMcakalyANakoM ke citraNa haiM / vivaraNa kI dRSTi se vimalavasahI ke citraNa kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke samAna haiM / tulA meM eka ora kapota aura dUsarI ora megharatha kI AkRtiyAM haiN| dIkSA-kalyANaka ke dRzya meM zAnti ko zivikA meM baiThakara dIkSAsthala kI ora jAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai / zAnti ke keza luMcana aura indra dvArA unheM saMcita karane ke bhI dRzya utkIrNa haiN| Age zAnti kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiM jo unakI tapasyA aura kaivalya prApti kI sUcaka haiN| madhya meM zAnti kA samavasaraNa bhI banA hai / (17) kuMthunAtha jIvanavRtta kuMthunAtha isa avasarpiNI ke satrahaveM jina haiN| hastinApura ke zAsaka vasu (yA sUryasena ) unake pitA aura zrIdevI unakI mAtA thiiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA ne kuMthu nAma ke ratnoM kI rAzi dekhI thI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma kuMthunAtha rakhA gayA / cakravartI zAsaka ke rUpa meM kAphI samaya taka zAsana karane ke bAda kuMthu ne dIkSA lI aura 16 varSoM kI tapasyA ke bAda gajapuram ke udyAna meM tilaka vRkSa ke nIce kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| inakI nirvANa sthalI sammeda zikhara hai / " mUrtiyAM kuMthu kA lAMchana chAga (yA bakarA ) hai aura unake yakSa-yakSI gandharva evaM balA ( yA acyutA yA gAndhAriNI) haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma jayA (yA jayadevI ) hai / mUrta aMkanoM meM kuMthu ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM huA hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke pahale kI kuMthu kI koI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM kuMthu ke lAMchana aura bArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa hue / la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI lAMchana yukta 6 mUrtiyAM aluara se milI haiM aura samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10675, 10689 se 10693 ) meM saMkalita haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM kuMthu kAyotsarga - mudrA meM nirvastra khar3e haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM pIThikA para grahoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM haiM / 3 bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM dazabhuja yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka vizAla kAyotsarga mUrti bajaraMgagar3ha (gunA) se milI hai / 1144 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera meM hai / isameM kuMthu nirvastra haiM / pIThikA lekha meM unakA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai / yakSa-yakSI bhI jo sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM, siMhAsana ke choroM para na hokara cAmaradharoM ke samIpa khar3e haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 35 meM 1188 I0 kI eka mUrti hai| mUrti lekha meM kuMthunAtha kA nAma utkIrNaM hai / yakSa- yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 119-21 2 prasAda, eca0 ke, pU0ni0, pR0 286-87 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 281 4 jaina, nIraja, 'bajaraMgagar3ha kA vizada jinAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 2, pR0 65-66 www.jainelibrary..org

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 113 (18) aranAtha jIvanavRtta aranAtha isa avasarpiNI ke aThArahaveM jina haiN| hastinApura ke zAsaka sudarzana unake pitA aura mahAdevI (yA mitrA) unakI mAtA thiiN| garbhakAla meM mAtA ne ratnamaya cakra ke ara ko dekhA thA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma aranAtha rakhA gayA / cakravartI zAsaka ke rUpa meM kAphI samaya taka rAjya karane ke pazcAt ara ne dIkSA lI aura tIna varSoM kI tapasyA ke bAda gajapUram ke sahasrAmravana meM Amra vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara inakI bhI nirvANa-sthalI hai|" mUrtiyAM zvetAMbara paramparA meM ara kA lAMchana nandyAvarta hai, aura digaMbara paramparA meM matsya / unake yakSa-yakSI yakSendra (yA yakSeza yA khendra) aura dhAriNI (yA kAlI) haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI tArAvatI (yA vijayA) hai| zilpa meM ara ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai| ara kI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha hue| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA meM surakSita (1388) aura mathurA se hI prApta eka guptakAlIna jina mUrti kI pahacAna DA0 agravAla ne ara se kI hai| siMhAsana para utkIrNa mIna-mithuna ko unhoMne matsya lAMchana kA aMkana mAnA hai| para hamArI dRSTi meM yaha pahacAna ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki mIna-mithuna ke khule mukhoM se muktAvalI prasArita ho rahI hai jo siMhAsana kA sAmAnya alaMkaraNa pratIta hotA hai| saheTha-maheTha (goMDA) kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 861) meM hai| isakI pIThikA para matsya lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| matsya-lAMchana-yukta do mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizala guphAoM meM bhI haiN| 3 bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai| navAgar3ha (TIkamagar3ha) se 1145 I0 kI eka vizAla khaDgAsana mUrti milI hai| mUrti kI pIThikA para matsya lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI citrita haiN| 1053 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti madanapura pahAr3I ke mandira 1 meM hai|' bArahavIM zatI I0 kI tIna khaDgAsana mUrtiyAM kramazaH ahAr3a (1180 I0), madanapura (mandira 2, 1147 I0) evaM bajaraMgagar3ha (1179 I0) se milI haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM ara nirvastra haiN| (19) mallinAtha jIvanavRtta mallinAtha isa avasarpiNI ke unnIsaveM jina haiN| mithilA ke zAsaka kumbha unake pitA aura prabhAvatI unakI mAtA thiiN| zvetAMbara paramparA ke anusAra malli nArI tIrthaMkara haiN| para digaMbara paramparA meM malli ko pUruSa tIrthakara hI batAyA gayA hai / digaMbara paramparA meM nArI ko mukti yA nirvANa kI adhikAriNI hI nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isalie nArI ke tIrthaMkara-pada prApta karane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| inakI mAtA ko garbhakAla meM puSpa zayyA para sone kA dohada utpanna huA thA, isI kAraNa bAlikA kA nAma malli rakhA gyaa| zvetAMbara paramparA ke anusAra malli avivAhitA thIM aura dIkSA ke dina hI unheM azokavRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta ho gyaa| inakI nirvANa-sthalI sammeda zikhara hai| 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 122-24 2 agravAla, vI0esa0, 'keTalAga Ava di mathurA myUjiyama', javyU0pI0hi so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1-2, pR0 57 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 282 / 4 jaina, nIraja, 'navAgar3ha : eka mahatvapUrNa madhyakAlIna jainatIrtha', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM06, pR0 277 5 koThiyA, darabArI lAla, 'hamArA prAcIna vismRta vaibhava', anekAnta, varSa 14, agasta 1956, pR0 31 6 jaina, nIraja, 'bajaraMgagar3ha kA vizada jinAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 2, pR0 65-66 7 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 125-33 15

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114 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mUrtiyAM malli kA lAMchana kalaza hai aura yakSa-yakSI kubera evaM vairoTyA (yA aparAjitA) haiN| mUrtiyoM meM malli ke yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa durlabha hai| kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI utkIrNa hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 se pahale kI malli kI koI mUrti nahIM milI hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka zvetAMbara mUrti unnAva se milI hai aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je0885) meM saMgRhIta hai (citra 23) / yaha malli kI nArI bhUti hai| dhyAna mudrA meM virAjamAna malli ke vakSaHsthala meM zrIvatsa nahIM utkIrNa hai / para vakSaHsthala kA ubhAra striyocita hai aura pRSThabhAga kI kezaracanA bhI veNI ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai / pIThikA para kalaza (?) utkIrNa hai| nArI ke rUpa meM malli ke nirUpaNa kA sambhavataH yaha akelA udAharaNa hai| ghaTa-lAMchana-yukta do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM me haiN|' la0 bArahavIM zatI I0 kI ghaTa-lAMchana-yukta eka dhyAnastha mUrti tulasI saMgrahAlaya, satanA meM bhI hai| kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 18 meM 1179 I0 kI eka mUrti hai| mati-lekha meM mallinAtha kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| (20) munisuvrata jIvanavRtta munisuvrata isa avasarpiNI ke bIsaveM jina haiN| rAjagRha ke zAsaka sumitra unake pitA aura padmAvatI unakI mAtA thiiN| garbhakAla meM mAtA ne samyak rIti se vratoM kA pAlana kiyA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma munisuvrata rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda munisuvrata ne dIkSA lI aura 11 mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda rAjagRha ke nIlavana meM campaka (caMpA) vRkSa ke nIce kaivalya prApta kiyaa| sammeda zikhara inakI nirvANa-sthalI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra rAma (padma) evaM lakSmaNa (vAsudeva) munisuvrata ke samakAlIna the| mUrtiyAM munisuvrata kA lAMchana kUrma hai aura yakSa-yakSI varuNa evaM naradattA (bahurUpA yA bahurUpiNI) haiN| mUrtiyoM meM munisuvrata ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM prApta hotaa| munisuvrata kI upalabdha mUrtiyAM la0 navIM0 se bArahavIM zato I0 ke madhya kI haiN| munisuvrata ke lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana la0 dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| gujarAta-rAjasthAna-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka zvetAMbara mUrti gavarnamenTa senTrala myUz2iyama, jayapura meM hai (citra 24) / " isameM munisuvrata kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura Asana para kUrma lAMchana utkIrNa hai / isameM cAmaradharoM evaM upAsakoM ke atirikta anya koI AkRti nahIM hai| kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 20 meM 1179 I. kI eka mUrti hai| lekha meM 'munisuvrata' kA nAma utkIrNa hai| yahAM yakSa-yakSI nahIM bane haiN| do mUrtiyAM vimalavasahI ko devakulikA 11 (1143 I0) aura 31 meM haiN| donoM udAharaNoM meM lekhoM meM munisuvrata kA nAma aura yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA utkIrNa haiM / devakulikA 31 kI mUrti meM mUlanAyaka ke pAzvaryoM meM do khaDgAsana jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiM jinake Upara do dhyAnastha jina AmUrtita haiM / 1 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 282 2 jaina, je0, 'tulasI saMgrahAlaya kA purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 6, pR0 280 3 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 134-35 4 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 20) meM 157 I0 kI eka munisuvrata mUrti kI pIThikA surakSita hai : zAha, yU0pI0, ___ 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 5 5 amerikana iMsTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 157.77

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] ___ uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti bajarAmaTha (gyArasapura) ke prakoSTha meM hai|' 1006 I0 kI eka zvetAMbara mUrti AgarA ke samIpa se milI hai aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 776) meM surakSita hai / mUrti kAle patthara meM utkIrNa hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM munisuvrata ke zarIra kA raMga kAlA batAyA gayA hai| siMhAsana para kUrma lAMchana aura lekha meM 'munisuvrata' nAma AyA hai| munisuvrata dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| mUrti ke parikara meM jIvantasvAmI evaM balarAma aura kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM haiN| yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| yakSa ke samIpa eka strI AkRti hai jisakI vAma bhujA meM pustaka hai| cAmaradharoM ke samIpa kAyotsarga-mudrA meM do zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| ina AkRtiyoM ke Upara jIvantasvAmo kI do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiN| jIvantasvAmI mukuTa, hAra, bAjUbaMda, karNaphUla Adi se zobhita haiN| mUlanAyaka ke trichatra ke Upara eka dhyAnastha jina mUrti utkIrNa hai jisake donoM ora caturbhuja balarAma evaM kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM haiM / kRSNa evaM balarAma kI mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para madhya kI jina mUrti kI pahacAna nemi se kI jA sakatI hai| vanamAlA evaM tIna sapaMphaNoM ke chatra se yukta balarAma kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, musala, hala evaM phala haiN| kirITamukuTa evaM vanamAlA se sajjita kRSNa ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, gadA evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI kUrma-lAMchana-yukta eka kAyotsarga mUrti khajurAho ke mandira 20 meM hai| isameM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| para parikara meM cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| 1142 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti dhubelA saMgrahAlaya (42) meM surakSita hai| pIThikA lekha meM munisuvrata kA nAma utkIrNa hai / bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-isa kSetra meM bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM do mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM munisuvrata dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai| eka mUrti (la0 9vIM-10vIM zatI I0) rAjagira se bhI milI hai / " dhyAnastha jina ke siMhAsana ke nIce bahurUpiNI yakSI kI zayyA para leTI mUrti banI hai| jIvanadRzya munisuvrata ke jIvanadRzya kevala svatantra paTToM para utkIrNa haiN| ina paTToM para munisuvrata ke jIvana kI kevala do hI ghaTanAeM milatI haiM jo azvAvabodha evaM zakunikA-vihAra-tIrtha kI utpatti se sambandhita haiM / gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI I0 ke aise cAra paTTa mile haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka paTTa jAlora ke pAzvanAtha mandira ke gUDhamaNDapa meM hai| anya sabhI paTTa terahavIM zatI I0 ke haiM aura kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra evaM neminAtha mandiroM, lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 19 evaM kaimbe ke jaina mandira meM surakSita haiN| sabhI paTToM ke dRzyAMkana vivaraNoM kI dRSTi se lagabhaga samAna haiN| ___ jaina granthoM meM munisuvrata ke jIvana se sambandhita uparyukta donoM hI ghaTanAoM ke vistRta ullekha haiN| kaivalya prApti ke bAda matijJAna se eka bAra munisuvrata ko jJAta huA ki eka azva ko unake upadezoM kI AvazyakatA hai| isake 1 jina ke Asana ke nIce zayyA para leTI yakSI (bahurUpiNI) ke AdhAra para jina kI sambhAvita pahacAna munisuvrata se kI gayI hai| 2 jIvantasvAmI kI do mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana isa bAta kA saMketa hai ki mahAvIra ke atirikta anya jinoM ke bhI jIvantasvAmI svarUpa kI kalpanA kI gaI thii| kucha paravartI granthoM meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvantasvAmI svarUpa kA ullekha bhI huA hai / jaisalamera saMgrahAlaya meM jIvantasvAmI candraprabha kI eka mUrti bhI hai| 3 jaina, bAlacandra, 'dhubelA saMgrahAlaya ke jaina mUrti lekha', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 4, pR0 244 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 282 5 jai00sthA0, khaM0 1, pR0 172 6 kumbhAriyA kA paTTa 1281 I0 ke lekha se yukta hai / paTTa ke dRzyoM ke nIce unake vivaraNa bhI utkIrNa haiN| 7 triza0pu0ca0, khaM0 4, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 125, bar3audA, 1954, pR0 86-88; jayanta vijaya, munizrI, pU0ni0. pR0 100-05

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna bAda munisuvrata bhRgukaccha gaye aura vahAM koraNTavana meM apanA upadeza prArambha kiyaa| bhRgukaccha ke zAsaka jitazatru ke azvamedha yajJa kA azva bhI rakSakoM ke sAtha munisuvrata ke upadezoM kA zravaNa kara rahA thaa| apane upadeza meM munisuvrata ne apane aura usa azva ke pUrva janmoM kI kathA kA bhI ullekha kiyaa| upadezoM ke bAda usa azva ne chaha mAha taka jaina zrAvaka ke lie batAye gaye mArga kA anusaraNa kiyaa| agale janma meM yahI azva saudharma loka (svarga) meM devatA haa| matijJAna se pichale janma kI bAtoM kA smaraNa kara vaha munisuvrata ke upadeza-sthala para gayA aura vahAM usane munisuvrata ke mandira kA nirmANa kiyaa| munisuvrata kI mUrti ke samakSa hI usane azvarUpa meM apanI bhI eka marti pratiSThita kii| usI samaya se vaha sthAna azvAvabodha tIrtha ke rUpa meM jAnA jAne lgaa| dUsarI kathA isa prakAra hai| siMhala dvIpa ke ratnAzaya deza meM zrIpura nAma kA eka nagara thA, jahAM kA zAsaka candragupta thaa| eka bAra usake darabAra meM bhRgukaccha kA eka vyApArI (dhanezvara) aayaa| darabAra meM isa vyApArI ke 'oma namo arihaMtAnAma' maMtra ke uccAraNa se candragupta kI putrI sudarzanA pUrvajanma kI kathA kA smaraNa kara machita ho gyii| pUrvajanma meM sudarzanA bhRgukaccha ke samIpa koraNTa udyAna meM zakuni pakSI thii| eka bAra vaha zikArI ke bANoM se ghAyala hokara karAha rahI thii| usI samaya pAsa se gujarate hue eka jaina AcArya ne usake Upara jalasrAva kiyA aura use navakAra mantra sunAyA / navakAra mantra ke prati apano zraddhA ke kAraNa hI zakuni mRtyu ke bAda sudarzanA ke rUpa meM utpanna huI / pUrvajanma kI isa ghaTanA kA smaraNa hone ke bAda se sudarzanA sAMsArika sukhoM se virakta ho gii| usane vyApArI ke sAtha bhRgakaccha ke tIthaM kI yAtrA bhI kii| sudarzanA ne azvAvabodha tIrtha meM munisuvrata kI pUjA kI aura usa tIrthasthalI kA punaruddhAra karavAkara vahAM 24 jinAlayoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| isa ghaTanA ke kAraNa usa sthala ko zakunikA-vihAra-tIrtha bhI kahA gayA / caulukya zAsaka kumArapAla ke mantrI udayana ke putra AmrabhaTTa ne isa devAlaya kA punaruddhAra karavAyA thaa| ___ jAlora ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke paTTa ke dRzya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| Upara azvAvabodha aura nIce zakunikAvihAra-tIrtha kI kathAeM utkIrNa haiN| UparI bhAga meM madhya meM eka jinAlaya utkIrNa hai jisameM munisuvrata kI dhyAnastha mati hai| jinAlaya ke samIpa ke eka anya devAlaya meM munisuvrata ke caraNa-cihna aMkita haiN| bAyIM ora eka azva AkRti utkIrNa hai| kumbhAriyA ke paTTa para azva AkRti ke nIce 'azvapratibodha' likhA hai| azva ke samIpa kucha rakSaka bhI khar3e haiN| jinAlaya ke dAhinI ora siMhaladvIpa ke zAsaka candragupta kI mUrti hai| sudarzanA candragupta kI goda meM baiThI hai / samIpa hI do sevakoM evaM vyApArI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| paTTa ke nicale bhAga meM dAhine chora para eka vRkSa utkIrNa hai jisakI DAla para zakuni baiThI hai| vRkSa ke dAhine ora zikArI aura bAyIM ora jaina sAdhuoM kI do AkRtiyAM citrita haiN| nIce eka vRtta ke rUpa meM samudra utkIrNa hai jisameM jinAlaya kI ora AtI eka nAva pradarzita hai| nAva meM sudarzanA baiThI hai| yaha sudarzanA ke azvAvabodha tIrtha kI ora Ane kA dRzyAMkana hai| (21) naminAtha jIvanavRtta naminAtha isa avasarpiNI ke ikkIsaveM jina haiN| mithilA ke zAsaka vijaya unake pitA aura vaprA (yA viparItA) unakI mAtA thiiN| jaba nami kA jIva garbha meM thA usI samaya zatruoM ne mithilA nagarI ko ghera liyA thaa| vaprA ne jaba rAjaprAsAda kI chata se zatruoM ko saumya dRSTi se dekhA to zatru zAsaka kA hRdaya badala gayA aura vaha vijaya ke samakSa natamastaka ho gayA / zatruoM ke isa apratyAzita namana ke kAraNa hI bAlaka kA nAma naminAtha rakhA gayA / rAjapada ke upabhoga ke bAda nami ne dIkSA lI aura nau mAha kI tapasyA ke bAda mithilA ke citravana meM bakula (yA jambU) vRkSa ke nIce kevala-jJAna prApta kiyA / inakI nirvANa-sthalo sammeda zikhara hai|' 1 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 136-38

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 117 mUrtiyAM nami kA lAMchana nIlotpala hai aura yakSa-yakSI bhRkuTi evaM gAMdhArI (yA mAlinI yA cAmuNDA) haiN| zilpa meM nami ke pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM huA hai| upalabdha nami mUrtiyAM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI haiN| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM hai|' mUrti ke parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / eka dhyAnastha mUrti bArabhujI guphA meM hai| nIce yakSI bhI nirUpita hai| raididho (baMgAla) ke samIpa mathurApura se kAyotsarga meM khar3I eka zvetAMbara mUrti milI hai| kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 21 meM 1179 I0 kI eka nami mUrti hai / lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 19 meM bhI 1233 I0 kI eka mUrti hai / yahAM pIThikA-lekha meM nami kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / (22) neminAtha (yA ariSTanemi) jIvanavRtta neminAtha yA ariSTanemi isa avasarpiNI ke bAIsaveM jina haiN| dvArAvato ke harivaMzI mahArAja samudravijaya unake pitA aura zivA devI unakI mAtA thiiN| zivA ke garbhakAla meM samudra vijaya sabhI prakAra ke ariSToM se bace the tathA garmAvasthA meM mAtA ne ariSTacakra nemi kA darzana kiyA thA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma ariSTanemi yA nemi rakhA gayA / samudravijaya ke anuja vasudeva sauripura ke zAsaka the / vasudeva kI do patniyAM, rohiNI aura devakI thiiN| rohiNI se balarAma, aura devakI se kRSNa utpanna hue / isa prakAra kRSNa evaM balarAma nemi ke cacere bhAI the / isa sambandha ke kAraNa hI mathurA, devagar3ha, kumbhAriyA, vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI ke mUtaM aMkanoM meM nemi ke sAtha kRSNa evaM balarAma bhI aMkita he| kRSNa aura ruvimaNI ke Agraha para nemi rAjImatI ke sAtha vivAha ke lie taiyAra he| vivAha ke lie jAte samaya nemi ne mArga meM pijaroM meM banda aura jAlapAzoM meM baMdhe pazuoM ko dekhA / jaba unheM yaha jJAta huA ki vivAhotsava ke avasara para diye jAnevAle bhoja ke lie una pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAyagA to unakA hRdaya virakti se bhara gyaa| unhoMne tatkSaNa pazuoM ko mukta karA diyA aura binA vivAha kiye vApisa lauTa par3e aura sAtha hI dIkSA lene ke nirNaya kI bhI ghoSaNA kI / nemi ke niSkramaNa ke samaya mAnavendra, devendra, balarAma evaM kRSNa unakI zivikA ke sAtha-sAtha cala rahe the| nemi ne ujjayaMta parvata para sahasrAmra udyAna meM azoka vRkSa ke nIce apane AbharaNoM evaM vastroM kA parityAga kiyA aura paMcamuSTi meM kezoM kA luMcana kara dIkSA grahaNa kii| 54 dinoM kI tapasyA ke bAda ujjayaMtagiri sthita revatagiri para betasa vRkSa ke nIce nemi ko kaivalya prApta huaa| yahIM devanirmita samavasaraNa meM nemi ne apanA pahalA dharmopadeza bho diyA / nemi kI nirvANa-sthalI bhI ujjayaMtagiri hai / 4. prArambhika mUrtiyAM nemi kA lAMchana zaMkha hai aura yakSa-yakSI gomedha evaM ambikA (yA kuSmANDI) haiN| nemi kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI sadaiva ambikA hai para yakSa gomedha ke sthAna para prAcIna paramparA kA sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) yakSa hai| jaina granthoM meM nemi se sambandhita balarAma evaM kRSNa kI bhI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM vivecita haiN| kRSNa ke mukhya lakSaNa gadA (kumadvatI), khar3aga (nandaka), cakra, aMkuza, zaMkha evaM padma haiN| kRSNa kirITamukuTa, vanahAra, kaustubhamaNi Adi se sajjita haiN| mAlA evaM mukuTa se zobhita balarAma ke mukhya lakSaNa gadA, hala, musala, dhanuSa evaM bANa haiN|" 1 guptA, pI0ela0, pU0ni0, pR0 90 2 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 3 datta, kAlidAsa, 'di enTikviTIja oNva khArI', ainualariporTa, vArendra risarca sosAiTI, 1928-29, pR0 1-11 4 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 139-239 5 nemi kA zaMkha lAMchana unake pUrvabhava ke zaMkha nAma se sambandhita rahA ho sakatA hai| 6 harivaMzapurANa 35.35 7 harivaMzapurANa 41.36-37

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118 [jaina pratimAvijJAna mathurA se pahalI se cauthI zatI I0 ke madhya kI pAMca mUrtiyAM milI haiM jo samprati rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiN| cAra mUrtiyoM meM nemi kI pahacAna pArzvavartI balarAma evaM kRSNa kI AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| balarAma pAMca yA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiN| eka kAyotsarga mUrti (je 8, 97 I.) ke lekha meM ariSTanemi kA nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| paravartI kuSANa kAla kI eka mUrti kA ullekha DaoN0 agravAla ne kiyA hai| yaha mUrti mathurA saMgrahAlaya (2502) meM hai / mUrti kA nicalA bhAga khaNDita hai| nemi ke dAhine aura bAMye pAvoM meM kramazaH balarAma evaM kRSNa kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / balarAma kI do avaziSTa bhujAoM meM se eka meM hala hai aura dUsarI jAna para sthita hai| kRSNa kI avaziSTa bhujAoM meM gadA aura cakra haiN| pahalI zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU je 47) meM caturbhuja balarAma kI UparI bhujAoM meM gadA aura hala haiN| vakSaHsthala ke samakSa mur3I dAhinI bhujA meM eka pAtra hai| caturbhuja kRSNa vanamAlA se zobhita haiN| unakI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA aura pAtra pradarzita haiN| dUsaro-tIsarI zatI I0 kI do anya dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM kevala balarAma kI hI mUrti utkIrNa hai| sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dvibhuja balarAma namaskAra-mudrA meM haiM / la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI eka mUrti (rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 121) meM nemi kAyotsana meM khar3e haiM (citra 25) / unake pAzvoM meM caturbhaja balarAma evaM kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM haiM / nemi ke vAma pAzrva meM eka choTI jina AkRti aura caraNoM ke samIpa tIna upAsaka citrita haiM / siMhAsana ke dharmacakra ke donoM ora do dhyAnastha jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| pAMca sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta balarAma kI tIna bhujAoM meM musala, caSaka aura hala (?) haiN| Upara kI dAhinI bhujA sarpaphaNoM ke samakSa pradarzita hai / kRSNa kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM phala (?), gadA aura zaMkha haiN| la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI eka mUrti rAjagira ke vaibhAra pahAr3I se milI hai| pIThikA-lekha meM 'mahArAjAdhirAja zrIcandra' kA ullekha hai, jisakI pahacAna gupta zAsaka candragupta dvitIya se kI gaI hai| siMhAsana ke madhya meM eka puruSa AkRti khar3I hai jisake dAhine hAtha se abhayamudrA vyakta hai| yaha AkRti Ayudha puruSa kI hai yA nemi kA rAjapuruSa ke rUpa meM aMkana hai| isa AkRti ke donoM ora nemi kA zaMkha lAMchana utkIrNa hai| lAMchana se yukta yaha prAcInatama jina mUrti hai| zaMkha lAMchana ke samIpa do choTI jina AkRtiyAM haiN| parikara meM cAmaradhara yA koI anya sahAyaka AkRti nahIM utkIrNa hai| la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti rAjaghATa (vArANasI) se milI hai aura samprati bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (212) meM surakSita hai (citra 26) / isameM nemi dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna haiN| lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai. kintu yakSI ambikA kI mUrti ke AdhAra para mUrti kI nemi se pahacAna sambhava hai / mUrti do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| UparI bhAga meM mUlanAyaka kI mUrti, cAmaradhara, siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala, trichatra, dundubhivAdaka aura uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara tathA nicale bhAga meM eka vRkSa (sambhavataH kalpavRkSa) utkIrNa haiM / vRkSa ke donoM ora tribhaMga meM khar3I dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyAM nirUpita haiN| siMhAsana ke choroM ke sthAna para siMhAsana ke nIce yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa mUrti kI durlabha vizeSatA hai / dakSiNa 1 agravAla, vI0 esa0, pU0ni0, pR0 16-17 2 zra vAstava, vI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 50 3 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 117, je 60 4 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 50-51 5 caMdA, Ara0pI, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0I0airi0, 1925-26, pR0 125-26 6 sTa00A0, pR0 14 7 caMdA, Ara0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 126 8 tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'e noTa Ana di AiDenTiphikezana oNva e tIrthaMkara imez2a aiTa bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI, jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, pR0 41-43

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 119 pArzva ke yakSa ke hAthoM meM puSpa aura ghaTa (? nidhipAtra ) haiM / vAma pArzva kI yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM puSpa' aura bAyeM meM bAlaka haiM / ambikA kA dUsarA putra usake dakSiNa pArzva meM khar3A hai / pUrva madhyayugIna mUrtiyAM gujarAta rAjasthAna -- gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM jahAM RSabha aura pArzva kI svatantra mUrtiyAM chaThIM -sAtavIM zatI I0 meM utkIrNaM huIM (akoTA), vahIM nemi aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM navIM zatI I0 ke bAda kI haiM / yaha tathya nemi aura mahAvIra kI isa kSetra meM sImita lokapriyatA kA sUcaka hai| isa kSetra kI mUrtiyoM meM yA to zaMkha lAMchana yA phira lekha neminAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai / yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI nirUpita haiM / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti kaTarA (bharatapura) se milI hai aura bharatapura rAjya saMgrahAlaya (293 ) meM surakSita hai / yahAM zaMkha lAMchana utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSI anupasthita haiM / 1179 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 22 meM hai / lekha meM neminAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai / bArahavIM zatI I0 kI zaMkha - lAMchana- yukta eka mUrti amarasara ( rAjasthAna) se milI hai aura samprati gaMgA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera (1659) meM surakSita hai / 3 lUNavasahI garbhagRha kI vizAla vyAnastha mUrti meM zaMkha lAMchana aura sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza - isa kSetra kI nemi mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryo, zaMkha lAMchana aura sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA " kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / smaraNIya hai ki nemi ke lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM prApta hote haiM / svatantra nemi mUrtiyoM meM balarAma aura kRSNa kA nirUpaNa bhI kevala isI kSetra meM huA hai / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI ATha mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM zaMkha lAMchana, cAmaradhara, siMhAsana, trichatra evaM mAmaNDala utkIrNa haiM / pAMca udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiM / yakSa-yakSI sAmAnyataH sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM nemi kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM / eka udAharaNa (66.53) ke atirikta anya sabhI meM nemi nirvastra haiM / do udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha balarAma aura kRSNa bhI AmUrtita haiM / baTezvara (AgarA) kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je 793 ) meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / cAmaradharoM ke samIpa dvibhuja balarAma evaM dAhine hAtha meM caSaka hai kintu bAyeM hAtha kA Ayudha spaSTa nahIM hai / kRSNa kI dakSiNa bhI pradarzita haiM / la0 gyArahavIM pIThikA para cAra jinoM aura kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM haiM / balarAma ke bhujA meM zaMkha hai aura vAma bhujA para sthita hai / mUlanAyaka ke skandhoM para jaTAeM zatI I0 kI eka vetAMbara mUrti (66.53) meM nemi kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM (citra 28 ) / parikara meM tIna jinoM evaM caturbhuja balarAma aura kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM haiN| tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura vanamAlA se zobhita balarAma ke tIna avaziSTa hAthoM meM se do meM musala aura hala pradarzita haiM, aura tIsarA jAnu para sthita hai / kirITamukuTa evaM vanamAlA se sajjita kRSNa kI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra aura zaMkha pradarzita haiM / maihara (ma0pra0) kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka khaDgAsana mUrti (14.0.117) meM siMhAsana - choroM ke sthAna para yakSa-yakSI mUlanAyaka ke vAma pArzva meM AmUrtita haiM / yakSI ambikA hai / parikara meM eka caturbhuja devI nirUpita hai jisake hAthoM abhayamudrA, padma, padma aura kalaza haiM / 1977 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je 936) meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai para yakSI 1 ambikA kI eka bhujA meM AmraluMbi ke sthAna para puSpa kA pradarzana mathurA kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 kI kucha anya mUrtiyoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai / 2 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 157.17 3 zrIvAstava, vI0 esa0 pU0ni0, pR0 14 4 kucha udAharaNoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiM /

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120 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna asvikA nahIM hai| lAMchana bhI nahIM utkIrNa hai|' parikara meM cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| saheTha-maheTha (goMDA) se prApta samAna vivaraNoM vAlI dUsarI mUrti (je 858) meM lAMchana utkIrNa hai aura yakSI bhI ambikA hai| 1151 I0 kI eka mUrti (0.123) meM nemi ke kaMdhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiM / purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA meM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 ko do mUrtiyAM haiN| mathurA se milI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mati (37.2738) meM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna nemi ke sAtha lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| para pAzvoM meM balarAma evaM kRSNa kI mUrtiyAM banI haiN| vanamAlA se zobhita caturbhuja balarAma tribhaMga meM khar3e haiN| unake tIna hAthoM meM caSaka, musala aura hala haiM, aura cauthA hAtha jAnu para sthita hai| vanamAlA se yukta kRSNa samabhaMga meM khar3e haiN| unake tIna surakSita karoM meM se do meM varadamudrA aura gadA pradarzita haiM aura tIsarA jAnu para sthita hai / dUsarI mUrti (bI 77) meM lAMchana utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSI anupasthita haiN| mUlanAyaka ke kandhoM para jaTAeM haiN| devagaDha meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 30 se adhika mUrtiyAM haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM nemi pratihAryoM. zaMkha lAMchana aura pAramparika yakSa-yakSI se yukta haiN| satraha udAharaNoM meM nemi kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khaDe haiN| dasa udAharaNoM meM zaMkha lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai, para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para nemi se pahacAna sambhava hai| kevala tIna udAharaNoM meM yakSI-yakSI nahIM nirUpita haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM paramparA ke viruddha yakSa ko nemi ke bAyIM ora aura yakSI ko dAhinI ora AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| mandira 2 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM balarAma aura kRSNa bhI AmUrtita haiM (citra 27) / " mathurA ke bAhara nemi kI svatantra mUrti meM balarAma evaM kRSNa ke utkIrNana kA yaha sambhavataH akelA udAharaNa hai| pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dvibhuja balarAma ke hAthoM meM phala aura hala haiN| kirITamukuTa se sajjita caturbhuja kRSNa kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM cakra, zaMkha aura gadA haiN| unnIsa udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / mandira 16 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI zaMkha-lAMchana-yakta eka khaDgAsana mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI gomukha aura cakrezvarI haiN| nemi kI keza racanA bhI jaTAoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai| spaSTataH kalAkAra ne yahAM nemi ke sAtha RSabha kI mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatAeM pradarzita kI haiN| mUrti ke parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| sAta udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiN| kaI udAharaNoM meM mUlanAyaka ke kaMdhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| mandira 15 ko mUrti ke parikara meM sAta, mandira 26 kI mati meM cAra, mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI kI do mUtiyoM meM cAra aura chaha, mandira 21 kI mUrti meM do, mandira 11 kI mati meM dasa. mandira 20 kI mUrti meM cAra aura mandira 31 kI mUrti meM do choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mandira 12 ke pradakSiNApatha kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI kAyotsarga mUrti ke parikara meM dvibhuja navagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| la. dasavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira meM haiM / nemi ke lAMchana donoM udAharaNoM meM nahIM utkIrNa haiM para yakSa yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / eka mUrti ke parikara meM cAra aura dUsare meM 52 choTI jina mUrtiyAM 1 sarvAnUbhUti yakSa ke AdhAra para prastuta mUrti kI sambhAvita pahacAna nemi se kI gaI hai| eka anya mUrti (je 792) ___ meM bhI lAMchana aura ambikA nahIM utkIrNa haiN|| 2 mandira 15 3 mandira 12 ke pradakSiNApatha, cahAradIvArI aura mandira 26 4 mandira 3, 12, 13, 15 5 tivArI, ema0ena0pI', 'aina anpablizDa imez2a oNva neminAtha phrAma devagar3ha', jaina jarnala, khaM0 8, aM0 2, pR0 84-85 6 mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI, mandira 2,11,20,21,30 7 mandira 11,15,21,26,31 8 eka meM nemi kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN|

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 121 utkIrNa haiM / gyArasapura ke bajarAmaTha meM bhI nemi kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (11vIM zatI I0, bI0 9) hai| isameM bhI lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai, para yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| khajurAho meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| donoM meM nemi dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / mandira 10 kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUti meM lAMchana spaSTa nahIM hai, para yakSI ambikA hI hai| pIThikA para grahoM kI sAta mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI dUsarI mUrti (ke 14) meM zaMkha lAMchana aura sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiM / gurgI (rIvA) kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (e0ema0 498) meM hai| yahAM nemi ke sAtha zaMkha lAMchana aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / puruSoM ke sthAna para strI cAmaradhAriNI sevikAeM banI haiM / cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI citrita haiM / dhubelA saMgrahAlaya (ma0 pra0) meM bhI eka mUrti hai / isameM nemi dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura parikara meM 22 jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / dhubelA saMgrahAlaya kI 1142 I0 kI eka dUsarI mUrti ke lekha meM neminAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai|3 1151 I0 kI eka mUrti hAnimana saMgrahAlaya meM hai| nemi kA zaMkha lAMchana pIThikA ke sAtha hI vakSaHsthala para bhI utkIrNa hai| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-isa kSetra se kevala cAra mUrtiyAM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| isa kSetra meM zaMkha lAMchana kA citraNa niyamita thaa| para yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA hai / ur3IsA meM bArabhujI evaM navamuni guphAoM kI do mUrtiyoM meM kevala ambikA hI nirUpita haiN| aluara se milI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10688) meM surakSita hai / " navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM nemi kI tIna dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM haiM / jIvanadRzya nemi ke jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana kummAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM (11vIM zatI I0) aura vimalavasahI (12 vIM zatI I0) evaM lUNavasahI (13 vIM zatI I0) meM haiM / kalpasUtra ke citroM meM bhI nemi ke jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana haiN| inameM paMcakalyANakoM ke atirikta nemi ke vivAha aura kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA meM nemi ke zauyaM pradarzana se sambandhita dRzya vistAra se aMkita haiN| kummAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira evaM lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 11 ke vitAnoM ke dRzyoM meM nemi evaM rAjImatI ko vivAha vedikA ke samakSa khar3A pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA ke anusAra nemi vivAha-sthala para gaye binA mArga se hI dIkSA ke lie lauTa par3e the| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI pazcimI mramikA ke pAMcaveM vitAna para nemi ke jIvanadRzya haiM (citra 29) / sampUrNa dRzyAvalI tIna AyatoM meM vibhakta hai| bAharI Ayata meM pUrva aura uttara kI ora nemi ke pUrvabhava (mahArAja zaMkha) ke citraNa haiN| mahArAja zaMkha ko apanI bhAryA yazomatI, yoddhAoM evaM sevakoM ke sAtha AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| pazcima kI ora nemi ko mAtA zivA zayyA para leTI haiN| samIpa hI 14 mAMgalika svapna aura nemi ke mAtA-pitA kI vArtAlApa meM saMlagna mUrtiyAM aura rAjA samudravijaya kI vijayoM ke dRzya haiN| dUsare Ayata meM dakSiNa kI ora zivAdevI navajAta zizu ke sAtha leTI haiN| Age naigameSI dvArA zizu ko janmAbhiSeka ke lie meru parvata para le jAne kA dRzya hai| Age kalazadhArI 1 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 115 2 dIkSita, esa0ke0, e gAIDa TU di sTeTa myUz2iyama dhubelA (navagAMva), vindhyapradeza, navagAMva, 1959, pR0 12 3 jaina, bAlacandra, 'dhubelA saMgrahAlaya ke jaina mUrti lekha', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 4, pR0 244 4 kIlahAnaM, epha0, 'oNna e jaina sTaicU ina di hAnimana myUjiyama', ja0rA0e0so0, 1898, pR0 101-02 5 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 287 * 6 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 129, 132; kurezI, muhammada hamIda, pU0ni0, pR0 282 7 tri00pu010, khaM0 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 258-60

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122 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna devoM aura vajra se yukta indra kI mUrtiyAM haiN| cAmara evaM kalaza dhAraNa karane vAlI AkRtiyoM se veSTita indra kI goda meM eka zizu virAjamAna hai| pazcima kI ora ratha para baiThe nemi ko bArAta ke sAtha vivAha-sthala kI ora jAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai| sAtha meM khaDgadhArI aura azvArohI yoddhAoM kI evaM dUsare logoM kI AkRtiyAM bhI pradarzita haiN| Age eka piMjare meM banda zUkara, mRga evaM meSa jaise pazuoM kI AkRtiyAM haiN| inhIM pazuoM ke bhAvI vadha kI bAta jAnakara nemi ne vivAha na karane aura dIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyA thaa| samIpa hI vivAha-maNDapa ko vedikA ke donoM ora rAjImatI aura nemi kI AkRtiyAM khar3I haiN| pUrvokta sandarbha meM yaha citraNa paramparA ke viruddha ThaharatA hai| tIsare Ayata meM dakSiNa kI ora nemi ke vivAha se lauTane kA dRzyAMkana hai| nemi ratha meM beThe haiM aura samIpa hI namaskAra-mudrA meM khar3e eka puruSa kI AkRti hai| yaha AkRti sambhavataH rAjImatI ke pitA kI hai jo dIkSA grahaNa ke lie tatpara nemi se aisA na kara vivAha-maNDapa vApasa calane kI prArthanA kara rahe haiN| Age nemi ko zivikA meM baiThakara dIkSA ke lie jAte hue darazAyA gayA hai| samIpa hI 9 nRtya evaM vAdyavAdana karatI AkRtiyAM haiM, jo dIkSA-kalyANaka ke avasara para Ananda magna haiN| Age nemi ke AbharaNoM ke parityAga evaM keza-luMcana ke dRzya haiN| samIpa hI nemi kI kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai| dAhine chora para giranAra parvata aura devAlaya bane haiN| devAlaya meM dvibhuja ambikA kI mUrti pratiSThApita hai| pazcima kI ora nemi kA samavasaraNa utkIrNa hai jisameM Upara kI ora nemi kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai| samavasaraNa meM paraspara zatrubhAva rakhane vAle pazu-pakSiyoM (gaja-siMha, mayUra-sapaM) ko sAtha-sAtha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| bAyIM ora ke jinAlaya meM nemi kI dhyAnastha mUrti pratiSThita hai| samIpa hI cAra upAsakoM kI mUrtiyAM aura do devAlaya bhI utkIrNa haiN| ye citraNa giranAra parvata para nemi evaM ambikA ke mandiroM ke nirmANa se sambandhita haiN| kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke pAMcaveM vitAna para nemi ke jIvanadRzya haiN| (citra 22 vaamaa)| dakSiNI chora para nemi ke pUrvabhava (zaMkha) kA aMkana hai| isameM zaMkha ke pitA zrISeNa utkIrNa haiN| dakSiNI-pazcimI choroM para kaI vizrAmarata mUrtiyAM haiN| nIce 'aparAjita vimAna deva' likhA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zaMkha kA jIva aparAjita vimAna se hI zivA ke garbha meM AyA thaa| uttara kI ora samudravijaya evaM harivaMza (yA yaduvaMza) ke zAsakoM kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| antima AkRti ke nIce 'samudravijaya' utkIrNa hai| pazcima kI ora nemi kI mAtA kI zayyA para leTI AkRti evaM 14 zubha svapna citrita haiN| uttara kI ora zivA devI zizu ke sAtha leTI haiN| nIce 'zrIzivAdevI rAnI prasUtigRha-neminAtha janma' abhilikhita hai| Age nemi ke janma-abhiSeka kA dRzya hai| pUrva kI ora nemi ko do striyAM snAna karA rahI haiN| - Age kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA citrita hai jisameM kRSNa ke zaMkha, gadA, cakra, khaDga jaise Ayudha pradarzita haiN| samIpa hI nemi kRSNa kA pAMcajanya zaMkha bajA rahe haiM / AkRti ke nIce 'zrInemi' likhA hai| jaina granthoM meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra nemi ghUmate hue kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA pahuMca gae, jahAM unhoMne kRSNa ke AyudhoM ko dekhA / kautukavaza nemi ne zaMkha kI ora hAtha bar3hAyA para AyudhazAlA ke rakSaka ne nemi ko aisA karane se rokA aura kahA ki zaMkha kA bajAnA to dUra ve use uThA bhI nahIM skeNge| isa para nemi ne zaMkha ko bajA diyA / jaba isakI sUcanA kRSNa ko milI to ve nemi kI isa apAra zakti se sazaMkita ho uThe aura unhoMne nemi se zakti parIkSaNa kI icchA vyakta kii| nemi ne dvandva yuddha ke sthAna para eka dUsare kI bhujA ko jhukAkara bala parIkSaNa karane ko khaa| kRSNa nemi kI bhujA kiMcita bhI nahIM jhukA sake kintu nemi ne sahajabhAva se kRSNa kI bhujA jhukA dii| kRSNa nemi ko isa aparimita zakti se bhayabhIta hue kintu balarAma ne kRSNa ko batAyA ki cakravartI aura indra se adhika zaktizAlI hone ke bAda bhI nemi svabhAva se zAnta aura rAjyalipsA se mukta haiN| isI samaya 1 dakSiNArdha para zAnti ke jIvadRzya haiN|

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 123 AkAzavANI bhI huI ki nemi 22veM jina haiM, jo avivAhita rahate hue brahmacarya kI avasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa kareMge / " mahAvIra mandira meM kevala nemi ke zaMkha bajAne kA dRzya hI utkIrNa hai / dakSiNa kI ora nemi kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA ke samIpa vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM vasudeva-devakI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| kA vivAha maNDapa hai / vedikA ke samIpa rAjImatI ko apanI eka sakhI ke sAtha vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / AkRtiyoM ke nIce 'rAjImatI' aura 'sakhI' abhilikhita haiM / isa dRzya ke Upara svajanoM evaM sainikoM ke sAtha nemi ke vivAha ke lie prasthAna kA dRzya hai / samIpa hI piMjare meM banda mRga, zUkara, meSa jaise pazu utkIrNa haiN| sAtha hI vivAha maNDapa kI ora Ate aura vivAhamaNDapa ke viparIta dizA meM jAte hue do ratha bhI bane haiM, jinameM nemi baiThe haiM / dUsarA ratha mi ke binA vivAha kiye vApisa lauTane kA citraNa hai / uttara kI ora nemi kI dIkSA kA dRzya hai / nemi apane dAhinehAtha se kezoM kA luMcana kara rahe haiN| dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna nemi ke samIpa hI hAra, mukuTa evaM aMgUThI utkIrNa hai jisakA dIkSA ke pUrva nemi ne tyAga kiyA thA / samIpa hI indra khar3e haiM jo nemi ke luMcita kezoM ko pAtra meM saMcita kara rahe haiM / bAyIM ora nemi kI kAyotsarga - mudrA meM tapasyArata mUrti hai / samIpa hI eka devAlaya banA hai jisake nIce jayantanAga ( jayanta nagA ) likhA hai / madhya meM nemi kA samavasaraNa hai / samavasaraNa ke samIpa hI nemi kI do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM bhI haiM / samIpa hI dvibhujA ambikA bhI AmUrtita hai / nemi vimalavasahI kI- devakulikA 10 ke vitAna ke dRzyoM meM madhya meM kRSNa evaM unakI rAniyoM aura nemi ko jalakrIr3A karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki samudravijaya ke anurodha para kRSNa nemi ko vivAha ke lie sahamata karane ke uddezya se jalakrIr3A ke lie le gae the| dUsare vRtta meM kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA evaM kRSNa aura nemi ke zakti parIkSaNa ke dRzya haiM / dRzya meM kRSNa baiThe haiM aura nemi unake sAmane khar3e haiN| donoM kI bhujAeM abhivAdana kI mudrA meM uThI haiN| Agema ko kRSNa kI gadA ghumAte aura kRSNa ko nemi kI bhujA jhukAne kA asaphala prayAsa karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / nemi kI bhujA tanika bhI nahIM jhukI hai / agale dRzya meM kRSNa kI bhujA kevala eka hAtha se jhukA rahe haiM / kRSNa kI bhujA jhukI huI hai / samIpa hI nemi kI pAMcajanya zaMkha bajAte evaM dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA car3hAte hue mUrtiyAM mI utkIrNa haiM / dhanuSa do Tukar3oM meM khaNDita ho gayA hai| Age balarAma evaM kRSNa kI vArtAlApa meM saMlagna mUrtiyAM haiM / tIsare vRtta meM nemi ke vivAha kA dRzyAMkana hai / prArambha meM eka puruSa-strI yugala ko vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai / Age vivAha maNDapa utkIrNa hai jisake samIpa piMjaroM meM banda mRga, zUkara, siMha jaise pazu citrita haiM / Age nemi ko ratha meM baiThakara vivAha maNDapa kI ora jAte hue dikhAyA gayA hai / isa ratha ke pAsa hI vivAha maNDapa se viparIta dizA meM jAtA huA eka dUsarA ratha bhI utkIrNa hai / yaha nemi ke vivAha sthala para pahu~cane se pUrva hI vApisa lauTane kA citraNa hai / Age nemi kI dhyAnamudrA meM eka mUrti hai jisameM nemi dAhine hAtha se apane kezoM kA luMcana kara rahe haiM / nemi ke bAyIM ora cAra AkRtiyAM haiM aura dAhinI ora indra khar3e haiM / indra nemi ke luMcita kezoM ko pAtra meM saMcita kara rahe haiN| agale dRzya meM nemi ke kaivalya prApti kA citraNa hai / nemi dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unake donoM ora kalazadhArI evaM mAlAdhArI AkRtiyAM banI haiM / 3 lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 11 ke vitAna para kRSNa evaM jarAsandha ke yuddha, mi ke vivAha evaM dIkSA ke vistRta citraNa haiM / * sampUrNa dRzyAvalI sAta paMktiyoM meM vibhakta hai / cauthI paMkti meM vivAha sthala kI ora jAtA huA nemi kA ratha 1 tri0 za0pu0ca0, khaM0 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 248 - 50; hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 185-86 2 tri0 za0pu0ca0, khaM0 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 250-55 3 jayanta vijaya, munizrI, pU0ni0, pR0 67-69 4 vahI, pR0 122

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124 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna utkIrNa hai / ratha ke samIpa hI piMjare meM banda zUkara, mRga jaise pazu citrita haiN| vivAha maNDapa meM vedikA ke eka ora mi kI aura dUsarI ora khar3I rAjImatI kI mUrti hai / nemi kI hathelI para rAjImatI kI hathelI rakhI hai / vivAha maNDapa ke samIpa ugrasena kA mahala hai| pAMcavIM paMkti meM vivAha ke bAda bArAta ke vApisa lauTane kA dRzya hai / eka zivikA meM do AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM / kahIM aisA to nahIM ki zivikA kI do AkRtiyAM nemi ke vivAha ke bAda rAjImatI ke sAtha vApisa lauTane kA citraNa hai ? Age nemi ko giranAra parvata para kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| chaThIM paMkti meM mi ke dIkSA- kalyANaka kA dRzya hai / lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 9 ke vitAna ke dRzyoM kI bhI saMbhAvita pahacAna nemi ke jIvanadRzyoM se kI gaI hai / ' / kalpasUtra ke citroM meM sabase pahale nemi ke pUrvabhava kA aMkana hai / Age nemi ke zaMkha lAMchana ke pUjana, nemi ke janma evaM janma abhiSeka ke dRzya haiM / taduparAnta nemi aura kRSNa ke zakti parIkSaNa ke citra haiM / citra meM caturbhuja kRSNa ko do bhujAoM se nemi kI bhujA jhukAne kA prayAsa karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / kRSNa ke samIpa hI unake Ayudha-zaMkha, cakra, gadA evaM padma citrita haiM / agale citroM meM nemi ke vivAha aura dIkSA ke dRzya haiN| Age nemi kA samavasaraNa aura dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna nemi ke citra haiM / vizleSaNa vibhinna kSetroM kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki RSabha, pAkhaM aura mahAvIra ke hI uttara bhArata ke sarvAdhika lokapriya jina the / nemi ke jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana anya jinoM kI tulanA meM kalA meM RSabha aura pAva ke bAda nemi kI hI mUrti ke lakSaNa sunizcita hue / mathurA meM balarAma aura kRSNa kA aMkana prArambha huA / 24 jinoM meM se nemi kA zaMkha lAMchana rAjagira kI la0 cauthI zatI I0 kI mUrti isakA pramANa hai / la0 (212) kI mUrti meM nemi ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita hue / rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti ( yA kubera ) evaM ambikA utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiN| gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana ke sthAna para pIThikA - lekhoM meM nemi ke nAmollekha kI paramparA hI pracalita thI / mathurA evaM devagar3ha kI kucha svatantra mUrtiyoM (10vIM - 11vIM zatI I0) meM nemi ke sAtha balarAma aura kRSNa bhI AmUrtita haiM / bAda nemi adhika haiM / kuSANakAla meM nemi ke sAtha sabase pahale pradarzita huA / sAtavIM zatI I0 kI bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI ke (23) pArzvanAtha jIvanavRtta pArzvanAtha isa avasarpiNI ke teIsaveM jina haiM / pAkhaM ko jaina dharmaM kA vAstavika saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai / vArANasI ke mahArAja azvasena unake pitA aura vAmA (yA varmilA ) unakI mAtA thIM / janma ke samaya bAlaka sarpa ke cihna se cihnita thA / AvazyakacUrNa evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM mAtA ne eka rAta apane pArzva meM sarpa ko dekhA thA, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma pArzvanAtha rakhA gayA / uttarapurANa ke anusAra janmAbhiSeka ke bAda indra ne bAlaka kA nAma pArzvanAtha rakhA / pAkhaM kA vivAha kuzasthala ke zAsaka prasenajita kI putrI prabhAvatI se huA / digaMbara granthoM meM pArzva ke vivAha prasaMga kA anullekha hai / zvetAMbara paramparA ke anusAra nemi ke bhitti citroM ko dekhakara, aura digaMbara paramparA ke anusAra RSabha ke tyAgamaya jIvana kI bAtoM ko sunakara, tIsa varSa kI avasthA meM 1 jayanta vijaya, munizrI, pU0ni0, pR0 121 2 brAuna, DablyU0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 45-49, phalaka 30-34, citra 101-14 3 uttarapurANa aura mahApurANa (puSpadaMtakRta) meM pArzva ke mAtA-pitA kA nAma kramazaH brAhmI aura vizvasena batAyA gayA hai /

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 125 pAvaM ke mana meM vairAgya utpanna huaa| pArzva ne Azramapada udyAna meM .azoka vRkSa ke nIce paMcamuSTi meM kezoM kA luMcana kara dIkSA lii| pAvaM vArANasI se zivapurI nagara gaye aura vahIM kauzAmbavana meM kAyotsarga meM khar3e hokara tapasyA prArambha kii| dharaNendra ne dhUpa se pAvaM kI rakSA ke lie unake mastaka para chatra kI chAyA kI thii| apane eka bhramaNa meM pArzva tApasAzrama pahuMce aura sandhyA ho jAne ke kAraNa vahIM eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga meM khar3e hokara tapasyA prArambha kii| usI samaya AkAzamArga se meghamAlI (yA zambara) nAma kA asura (kamaTha kA jIva) jA rahA thaa| jaba usane tapasyArata pAva ko dekhA to use pArzva se apane pUrvajanmoM ke baira kA smaraNa ho aayaa| meghamAlI ne pArzva kI tapasyA ko bhaMga karane ke lie taraha-taraha ke upasarga upasthita kiye| para pAzvaM pUrI taraha aprabhAvita aura avicalita rhe| meghamAlI ne siMha, gaja vRzcika, sarpa aura bhayaMkara baitAla Adi ke svarUpa dhAraNa kara pAya ko aneka prakAra kI yAtanAeM diiN| upasargoM ke bAda bhI jaba pArzva vicalita nahIM hue to meghamAlI ne mAyA se bhayaMkara vRSTi prArambha kI jisase sArA vana pradeza jalamagna ho gyaa| pAva ke cAroM ora varSA kA jala bar3hane lagA jo dhIre-dhIre unake ghuTanoM, kamara, gardana aura nAsAgra taka pahuMca gayA / para pAvaM kA dhyAna bhaMga nahIM huaa| usI samaya pAzva kI rakSA ke lie nAgarAja dharaNendra padmAvatI evaM vairoTyA jaisI nAga deviyoM ke sAtha pArzva ke samIpa upasthita hue| gharaNendra ne pAzva ke caraNoM ke nIce dIrghanAlayukta padma kI racanA kara unheM Upara uThA diyA, unake sampUrNa zarIra ko apane zarIra se DhaMka liyA; sAtha hI zIrSa bhAga ke Upara saptasarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI prasArita kiyaa| uttarapurANa ke anusAra dharaNendra ne pArzva ko cAroM ora se ghera kara apane phaNoM para uThA liyA thA, aura unava patnI padmAvatI ne zIrSa bhAga meM vajramaya chatra kI chAyA kI thii| anta meM meghamAlI ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra kara pAtra se kSamAyAcanA kii| isake bAda dharaNendra bhI devaloka cale gye| uparyukta paramparA ke kAraNa hI mUrtiyoM meM pAva ke mastaka para sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzana kI paramparA prArambha hii| mUrtiyoM meM pAva ke ghuTanoM yA caraNoM taka sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM kA pradarzana bhI isI paramparA se nirdezita hai| pAva ko kabhI-kabhI tIna aura gyAraha sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se bhI yukta dikhAyA gayA hai| pAzvaM ko vArANasI ke nikaTa Azramapada udyAna meM dhAtakI vRkSa ke nIce kAyotsarga-mudrA meM kevala-jJAna aura 100 varSa kI avasthA meM sammeda zikhara para nirvANa-pada prApta huaa| prArambhika mUrtiyAM pAzva kA lAMchana sarpa hai aura yakSa-yakSI pArzva (yA vAmana) aura padmAvatI haiN| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSa kA nAma dharaNa hai| pIThikA para pAvaM ke sarpa lAMchana ke utkIrNana kI paramparA lokapriya nahIM thI, para sira ke Upara sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra sadaiva pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| Age ke adhyayana meM zIrSabhAga ke sarpaphaNoM kA ullekha tabhI kiyA jAyagA jaba unakI saMkhyA sAta se kama yA adhika hogii| pAvaM kI prAcInatama mUrtiyAM pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kI haiN| inameM pAzvaM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiN| ye mUrtiyAM causA evaM mathurA se milI haiN| mathurA kI mUrti AyAgapaTa para utkIrNa hai| isameM pAzvaM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN|" causA (bhojapura, bihAra) evaM priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI kI do mUrtiyoM meM pArzva nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga-mudrA 1 triza0pu0ca0, khaM0 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 139, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 394-96; pAsanahacariu 14.26; pArzvanAthacaritra 6.192-93 2 uttarapurANa 73.139-40 3 maTTAcArya, bI0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 82 4 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 281-332 5 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 253 6 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bonjeja, phalaka 1 bI 7 sTa00A0, pR0 8-9, pAzva ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hai|

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126 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna meM khar3e haiM / kuSANa kAla meM RSabha ke bAda pArzva kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI / kuSANa kAlIna mUrtiyAM mathurA evaM causA se milI haiN| inameM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita pArzva sadaiva nirvastra haiN| causA kI mUrti meM pAvaM (paTanA saMgrahAlaya, 6533) kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| mathurA kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM saMprati pArzva ke mastaka hI surakSita haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM pArzva kI tIna dhyAnastha matiyAM surakSita haiM (citr30)| svatantra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta jina-caumukhImatiyoM meM bhI pAzvaM kI kAyotsarga matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| kuSANakAla meM pArzva ke sarpaphaNoM para svastika, dharmacakra, triratna, zrIvatsa, kalaza, matsyayugala aura padmakalikA jaise mAMgalika cihna bhI aMkita kiye gye| la0 cauthI-pAMcavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 100) meM hai / mUlanAyaka ke dakSiNa pArzva meM eka puruSa aura vAma pArzva meM sarpaphaNa se yukta eka strI AkRti khar3I hai| strI ke donoM hAthoM meM eka chatra hai| la0 chaThI zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (18.1505) meM hai| isameM sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM pAvaM ke caraNoM taka prasArita haiM / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta strI-puruSa AkRtiyAM khar3I haiN| dakSiNa pArzva kI puruSa AkRti ke kara meM cAmara aura vAma pArI kI strI AkRti ke kara meM chatra pradarzita haiN| tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana (satanA) meM bhI la0 pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai| pArzva nAgakuNDaliyoM para AsIna aura do cAmaradharoM se veSTita haiN|4 / akoTA (gujarAta) aura rohataka (dillI) se sAtavIM zatI I0 kI kramazaH ATha aura eka zvetAMbara matiyAM milI haiN| rohataka kI mUrti meM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| akoTA kI kevala eka hI mUrti meM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| kAyotsarga mUrti kI pIThikA para ATha grahoM evaM eka sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta dvibhuja nAga-nAgI kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / nAganAgI ke kaTi ke nIce ke bhAga sarpAkAra aura Apasa meM gumphita haiN| eka hAtha se abhayamudrA vyakta hai aura dUsare meM sambhavataH phala hai| do matiyoM meM mulanAyaka ke donoM ora do kAyotsarga jina AmUrtita haiN| pIThikA para AThagrahoM evaM sarvAnabhati aura ambikA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| anya udAharaNoM meM bhI yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| vizleSaNa-uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki sAtavIM zatI I0 taka pArzva kA lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haA kintu sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra kA pradarzana pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM hI prArambha ho gyaa| sAtavIM zatI I0 meM pArzva kI mUrtiyoM (akoTA) meM yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita hue / yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA aura nAga-nAgI nirUpita haiN| pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM ___ gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra se pracura saMkhyA meM pArzva kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti dhAMka guphA meM hai| pArzva nirvastra haiM aura unake yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| pArzva kI do dhyAnastha matiyAM osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa meM haiN| inameM pArzva nAga kI kuNDaliyoM ke Asana para baiThe haiN| AThavIM zatI I0 kI do zvetAMbara matiyAM vasantagar3ha (sirohI) se milI haiN| inameM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura yakSa-yakSI 1 tIna udAharaNa rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 96, je 113, je 114) evaM do anya kramazaH bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (20548) evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI 62) meM haiN| 2 je 39, je 69, je 77 3 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 39, je 113) evaM purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI 62) 4 jaina, nIraja, 'tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 6, pR0 279 5 bhaTTAcArya, bI0sI0, pU0ni0, phalaka 6; sTa00A0, pR0 17 6 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 33, 35-37, 39, 42, 44 7 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, di AkialAjI oNva gujarAta, bambaI, 1941, pR0 167; sTa00A0, pR0 17

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / pIThikA para ATha grahoM kI mI mUrtiyAM haiM / " zvetAMbara mUrtiyAM milI haiM / eka udAharaNa meM pAva kAyotsarga meM nirUpita haiM 12 sarpaMphaNa ke chatra se yukta nAga- nAgI citrita haiM / dUsarI mUrti meM pIThikA para mUrtiyAM haiN| akoTA se navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kI bhI pAMca mUrtiyAM milI haiM / 3 do mUrtiyoM meM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna pAkhaM ke donoM ora do kAyotsargaM jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / pArzvavartI jinoM ke samIpa apraticakrA evaM vairoTyA mahAvidyAoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM pIThikA para grahoM evaM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / eka udAharaNa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta haiM / eka udAharaNa ke atirikta pArzvavartI kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM sabhI meM utkIrNa haiM / akoTA ko dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka anya mUrti ke parikara meM sAta jinoM aura pIThikA para grahoM evaM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kI mUrtiyAM haiM / " 988 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti bhar3auca se milI hai / ' mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM do kAyotsarga jinoM aura parikara meM apraticakrA evaM vairoTyA mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| pIThikA para navagrahoM evaM yakSa-yakSI kI mUrtiyAM haiM / yakSa kI mUrti khaNDita ho gaI hai, para yakSI ambikA hI hai / 1031 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti vasantagar3ha se milI hai / mUrti ke parikara meM pAMca jinoM evaM cAra dvibhuja deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / pIThikA para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA aura brahma"zAnti yakSa kI mUrtiyAM haiM / 127 akoTA se mI AThavIM zatI I0 kI do aura unakI pIThikA para namaskAra- mudrA meM ATha grahoM evaM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kI " ke osiyA kI devakulikA 1 para gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai / yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiM / 1019I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti osiyA ke balAnaka meM surakSita hai / siMhAsana ke choroM para sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| dasavIM- gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti bharatapura se milI hai aura samprati rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (17) meM surakSita hai| yahAM pArzva ke Asana ke nIce aura pRSTha bhAga meM sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM pradarzita haiM / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora tIna sarpaphaNoM chatroM vAle cAmaraghara sevaka AmUrtita haiM / cAmaradharoM ke Upara tIna sarpa phaNoM ke chatroM vAlI pAra kI cAra anya choTI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / yakSa-yakSo sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI meM haiM / eka mUrti navIM zatI I0 kI hai aura dUsarI 1069 I0 kI hai / inameM yakSa - yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| sAtha hI do pArzvavartI jinoM, nAga- nAgI evaM navagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / " lilvAdevA (gujarAta) se navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI kaI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM samprati bar3audA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / " inameM pArzva ke sAtha cAmaraghara sevakoM, ATha yA nau grahoM evaM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kI tayAM utkIrNa haiM / eka mUrti (1036 I0) meM mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora do jina bhI AmUrtita haiM / " kumbhAriyA ke jaina mandiroM meM bhI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| mahAvIra mandira kI devakulikA 15 kI mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM siMhAsana ke donoM ora do jinoM evaM madhya meM zAntidevI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| parikara meM do anya jina mUrtiyAM 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'bronja horDa phrAma vasantagar3ha', lalitakalA, aM0 1-2, pR0 60 2 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 44, 49 3 vahI, pR0 52-57 5 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 60 8 kramAMka 68.89, 66.37 4 eka mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / 6 vahI, citra 56 e 7 vahI, citra 63 e 9 zarmA, brajendranAtha, 'anpablizDa jaina bronjez2a ina di nezanala myUz2iyama', ja0o0I0, khaM019, aM03, pR0275 77 10 zAha, yU0pI0, 'sevena bronjez2a phrAma lilvAdevA', bu0ba0syU0, khaM0 9, bhAga 1 - 2, pR0 44-45 11 vahI, pR0 49-50

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128 [jaina pratimAvijJAna bhI utkIrNa haiN| yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira kI pUrvI dIvAra kI eka rathikA meM 1104 I0 kI eka mUrti kA siMhAsana surakSita hai / lekha meM pArzvanAtha kA nAma utkIrNa hai| pIThikA para zAntidevI evaM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakulikA 23 meM 1179 I0 kI eka mUrti hai / lekha meM pArzvanAtha kA nAma diyA hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa meM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti hai / yahAM yakSa-yakSI rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiN| pArzva se sambaddha karane ke lie yakSa-yakSI ke mastakoM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| cAmaradharoM ke Upara do dhyAnastha jina AkRtiyAM bhI banI haiN| 1157 I0 kI eka khaDgAsana mUrti kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira ke gUDhamaNDapa meM hai| siMhAsana-choroM para sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / parikara meM 19 uDDIyamAna AkRtiyAM evaM 14 caturbhujI deviyAM citrita haiN| deviyoM meM adhikAMza mahAvidyAeM haiM jinameM kevala apraticakrA, vajrazRMkhalA, sarvAstra-mahAjvAlA, rohiNI evaM vairoTyA kI pahacAna sambhava hai| vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4 meM 1188 I0 kI eka mUrti hai jisake zIrSa bhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura lekha meM pArzvanAtha ke nAma utkIrNa haiN| osiyA kI mUrti ke bAda yaha dUsarI mUrti hai jisameM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora do kAyotsarga aura do dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM haiM / lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSa pArzva evaM yakSI padmAvatI tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvaliyoM ye yukta haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA25 meM bhI pArzva kI eka mUrti hai| para yahAM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 53 meM bhI eka mUrti (1165 I0) hai| gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka digaMbara mUrti rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (39.202) meM hai (citra 33) / ' pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM unake caraNoM taka prasArita haiN| parikara meM nAga aura nAgI kI vINA aura veNu bajAtI aura nRtya karatI huI 6 mUrtiyAM haiN| mUlanAyaka ke pratyeka pAzrva meM eka strI-puruSa yugala AmUrtita hai jinake hAthoM meM cAmara evaM padma haiN| isa mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| koTA kSetra meM rAmagar3ha evaM aTarU se navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 kI cAra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye sabhI mUrtiyAM koTA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| sabhI meM cAmaradhara sevaka aura nAga-nAgI kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| yakSa-yakSI kevala eka hI udAharaNa (322) meM pradarzita haiN| navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI sAta mUrtiyAM gaMgA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera meM haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM pAzrvavartI jinoM evaM ATha yA nau grahoM kI mUrtiyAM citrita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA bhI nirUpita haiM / lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 10 aura 33 meM bhI do mUrtiyAM (1236 I0) haiM / inameM bhI yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI haiN| vizleSaNa-gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke sAtha hI lekhoM meM pArzvanAtha ke nAmollekha kI paramparA bhI lokapriya thii| para lAMchana evaM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa durlabha hai| kevala osiyA (balAnaka) evaM vimalavasahI (devakulikA 4) kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 ko do matiyoM meM hI yakSa-yakSI pAramparika haiN| anya udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM pArva se sambandhita karane ke uddezya se yakSa-yakSI ke siroM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra bhI pradarzita kiye gaye haiN| pAvaM ke donoM ora do kAyotsarga jinoM evaM parikara meM mahAvidyAoM, grahoM, zAntidevI Adi ke citraNa vizeSa lokapriya the| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI dasa mUrtiyAM haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM pArzva dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiN| yakSa-yakSI cAra hI udAharaNoM meM nirUpita haiN| paramparika yakSa-yakSI 1 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha e 2.28 2 kramAMka 319, 320, 321, 322 3 zrIvAstava, vI0 esa0, pU0ni0, pR0 18-19 4 kramAMka je 794, je 882, je 859, je 846, 48.182, jI 310, 40.121, jI 223

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129 jina-pratimAvijJAna ] kevala baTezvara (AgarA) kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka khaDgAsana mUrti (je 794) meM hI utkIrNa haiN| isameM yakSa-yakSI pAMca sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta haiN| padmAvatI siMhAsana ke madhya meM aura dharaNendra bAyeM chora para utkIrNa haiN| yakSa ke Upara padma aura varada-(yA abhaya-) mudrA pradarzita karanevAlI do deva AkRtiyAM bhI citrita haiM / anya tIna udAharaNoM meM yakSayakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| 979 I0 kI eka mUrti ke atirikta anya sabhI meM prAtihAyoM evaM sahAyaka devoM kI matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| rAjaghATa (vArANasI) kI AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (48.182) ke parikara meM do choTI jina mUrtiyAM aura malanAyaka ke pAzvoM meM sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI vAle puruSa-strI sevaka utkIrNa haiN| vAma pArzva kI strI Akati kI dAhinI bhujA meM lambe daNDavAlA chatra hai| chatra mUlanAyaka ke mastaka ke Upara pradarzita hai / phalataH trichatra nahIM pradarzita haiN| una sabhI matiyoM meM jinameM pArzva ke sira ke Upara chatra sevikA dvaar| dhArita haiM, trichatra nahIM pradarzita haiN| la. navIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (jI 310) meM mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI puruSa-strI sevaka AkRtiyAM nirUpita haiM / saheTha-maheTha kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je859, 11vIM zatII0) meM pArzva ke zarIra ke donoM ora sarpa kI kaNDaliyAM aura parikara meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM banI haiM / mahobA (hamIrapura) kI kAyotsarga mUrti (je 846. 12vIM I0) meM sAmAnya cAmaradharoM ke atirikta dAhinI ora eka aura cAmaradhara kI mUrti hai, jo AkAra meM pArzvanAtha kI mati ke samAna hai| yaha dharaNendra yakSa kI mUrti hai jise pArzva ke cAmaradhara ke rUpa meM nirUpita kara yahAM vizeSa pratimA kI gaI hai| 1196 I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (jI 223) meM pIThikA para sarpa lAMchana utkIrNa hai / isameM pAva ke skandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM navIM se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 30 mUrtiyAM haiN| 23 udAharaNoM meM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khaDe haiM / navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 kI kaI vizAla mUrtiyoM meM pArzva sAdhAraNa pIThikA para khar3e haiN| aisI adhikAMza mUrtiyAM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI para haiN| tayoM meM malanAyaka ke donoM ora sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI vAlI yA binA sarpaphaNoM vAlI strI-puruSa cAmaradhara mUrtiyAM utkorNa haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM puruSa kI bhujA meM cAmara aura strI kI bhUjA meM lambA chatra pradarzita hai| ina vizAla mUrtiyoM meM bhAmaNDala evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM ke atirikta anya koI prAtihArya yA sahAyaka AkRti nahIM utkIrNa hai| devagar3ha kI sabhI mUtiyoM meM sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM pAzrva ke ghuTanoM yA caraNoM taka prasArita haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM pArzva sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM para hI virAjamAna bhI haiN| pAva ke sAtha lAMchana kevala eka mUrti (mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI. 11vIM zatI I0) meM utkIrNa hai| kAyotsarga meM khar3e pAvaM kI pIThikA para lAMchana ke rUpa meM kukkUTa-sarpa banA hai (citra 31) / mandira 6 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka khaDgAsana mUrti meM pAva ke donoM ora tIna sapaMphaNoM vAlI do nAga AkRtiyAM banI haiM (citra 32) / mandira 6 aura 9 kI do mUrtiyoM meM pAzvaM ke kandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI chaha mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM inake zIrSa bhAga meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra bhI pradarzita haiN|' pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kevala eka hI mati (11vIM zatI I. meM nirUpita haiN| yaha mati mandira 12 ke samIpa arakSita avasthA meM par3I hai| caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI sapaMphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta haiN| pAzvaM ke kandhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| mandira 12 ke sabhAmaNDapa evaM pazcimI cahAradIvAro kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do khar3agAsana matiyoM meM pAva ke sAtha yakSI rUpa meM ambikA AmUrtita hai| inameM yakSa nahIM utkIrNa hai| mandira 12 ke pradakSiNApatha kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti meM mUlanAyaka ke dAhine aura bAyeM pAvoM meM eka sarpaphaNa kI chatrAvalI se yukta kramazaH cAmaradhara puruSa evaM chatradhAriNI strI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| pAMca anya mUrtiyoM meM bhI aisI hI AkatiyAM nadI .2 1 mandira 9 kI eka evaM mandira 12 kI do mUrtiyAM 2 mandira 8 evaM 12

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130 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ( la0 11vIM zatI I0) meM puruSa ke hAtha meM chatra pradarzita hai / mandira 4 kI kAyotsargaM mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM cAmaradhara sevaka tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM / mandira 12 ke sabhAmaNDapa kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM navagrahoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / dakSiNa pArzva meM cAmaradhara ke samIpa do strI AkRtiyAM khar3I haiM / vAmapArzva meM dvibhuja ambikA hai / mandira 9, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha, evaM mandira 4 kI mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM cAra evaM mandira 3 evaM mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI mUrtiyoM meM do choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 0 navIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsargaM mUrti rIMvA ( ma0pra0) ke samIpa gurgI nAmaka sthAna se milI hai aura ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya ( e0 ema0 499) meM surakSita hai| isameM sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM caraNoM taka banI haiN| donoM pAvoM meM kramazaH eka sarpaMphaNa se yukta cAmaradhara sevaka aura chatradhAriNI sevikA AmUrtita haiM / kagarola (mathurA) se milI 1034 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (2874 ) meM hai / yahAM siMhAsana ke choroM para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa - yakSI nirUpita haiM / khajurAho meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI gyAraha mUrtiyAM haiN| chaha udAharaNoM meM pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| sAta udAharaNoM meM sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM caraNoM taka prasArita / pAMca udAharaNoM meM pArzva sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM para hI virAjamAna haiM / yakSa-yakSI kevala cAra hI udAharaNoM meM nirUpita haiM / do kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM (mandira 28 evaM 5 ) meM mUlanAyaka ke pArzvo meM tIna sarpa phaNoM vAle strI-puruSa cAmaradhara utkIrNa haiM / do dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta cAmaradhara sevaka aura chatradhAriNI sevikA haiM / mandira 5 kI bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti meM sAmAnya cAmaradharoM ke samIpa do anya strI-puruSa cAmaradhara citrita haiM jinake zIrSabhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra haiM / ye dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mUrti ke parikara meM eka choTI jina, bAyeM chora para dvibhuja devI aura pIThikA ke madhya meM caturbhuja sarasvatI ( yA zAntidevI) kI mUrtiyAM haiN| sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI vArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti (ke 9) meM pIThikA para cAra grahoM evaM parikara meM 46 jinoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM | sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti (ke 5) meM caturbhuja yakSa aura dvibhuja yakSI nirUpita haiM / yakSI tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta hai / parikara meM chaha choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (1618) meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sarpaphaNoM se zobhita haiM / parikara meM cAra choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do anya mUrtiyoM (ke 68, 100) meM bhI yakSa-yakSI sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvaliyoM se yukta haiM / eka udAharaNa (ke 68) meM caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI haiM / isa mUrti ke parikara meM 20 jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / mandira 1 aura jArDina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1668) kI do dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM bhI kramazaH 18 aura 6 jina mUrtiyAM haiM dhubelA saMgrahAlaya kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti ( 49, 11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja nAgI evaM dvibhuja nAga kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 3 / vizleSaNa - uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza kI mUrtiyoM ke vistRta adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM pArzva ke sAtha sAta sarpaMphaNoM ke chatra kA pradarzana niyamita thA aura adhikAMzataH isI ke AdhAra para pArzva kI pahacAna bhI kI gaI hai / pArzva ke sAtha lAMchana kevala do hI mUrtiyoM (11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0) meM utkIrNa haiM / ye mUrtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (jI 223) evaM devagar3ha ke mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI para haiM / pAkhaM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugala kA nirUpaNa vizeSa lokapriya nahIM thA / pAramparika yakSa-yakSI, dharaNendra - padmAvatI, kevala devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 1 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 115 2 mandira 1 evaM jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, 1668 3 dIkSita, esa0ke0, e gAiDa TU di sTeTa myUjiyama, dhubelA (navagAMva), vindhyapradeza, navagAMva, 1957, pR0 14-15

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jina - prati mAvijJAna ] 131 kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI hI kucha mUrtiyoM meM nirUpita haiN| adhikAMzataH pArakhaM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM jinake siroM para kabhI-kabhI sarpaphaNoM ke chatra bhI pradarzita haiM / sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA / kucha udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA bhI haiM / sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta yA binA sarpaphaNoM vAle strI-puruSa cAmaradharoM yA cAmaradhara puruSa aura chatradhAriNI strI ke aMkana AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya vizeSa lokapriya the / kucha mUrtiyoM meM laTakatI jaTAeM, nAga- nAgI evaM sarasvatI bhI aMkita haiM / bihAra - ur3IsA - baMgAla - baMgAla aura ur3IsA meM anya kisI bhI jina kI tulanA meM pArzva kI mUrtiyAM adhika haiN| la0 navIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti udayagiri pahAr3I ( bihAra ) ke Adhunika mandira meM pratiSThita hai / " bAMkur3A se prApta aura bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM surakSita la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti meM pIThikA para sarpa lAMchana utkIrNa hai / caubIsa paraganA (baMgAla) meM kAntAveniA se prApta gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsargaM mUrti ke parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM bahulArA ke siddhezvara mandira evaM pArasanAtha (ambikAnagara ) meM haiM / pArasanAtha se prApta mUrti meM nAga- nAgI bhI utkIrNa haiM / 3 ambikAnagara ke samIpa keMduAgrAma se bhI eka kAyotsarga mUrti milI hai / mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI vAlI do nAgI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do khaDgAsana aura do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM aluArA se milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM samprati paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM / eka mUrti meM navagrahoM evaM eka anya meM do nAgoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM poTTAsiMgIdI (kyoMjhara ) se milI haiN| bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA kI eka mUrti meM pArzva ke samIpa chatra dhAraNa karanevAlI nAgI kI mUrti hai / " parikara meM kucha mAnava, asura evaM pazumukha AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / ye AkRtiyAM patthara evaM khaDga se pArzva para AkramaNa kI mudrA meM pradarzita haiM / yaha sambhavataH meghamAlI ke upasargoM kA citraNa hai / ur3IsA kI navamuni, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiM / bArabhujI guphA kI dhyAnastha mUrti ke Asana para triphaNa nAga lAMchana utkIrNa hai (citra 59 ) / mUrti ke nIce padmAvatI yakSI nirUpita hai / " navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM dhyAnastha pArzva jaTAmukuTa se zobhita haiM aura unakI pIThikA para do nAga AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / " navamuni guphA ko dUsarI dhyAnastha mUrti meM bhI Asana para tIna sarpaphaNoM vAlI do nAga mUrtiyAM haiM / nIce padmAvatI yakSa kI mUrti hai 19 vizleSaNa -- uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki isa kSetra meM sarpa lAMchana tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhika udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa hai / pArzva ke yakSa-yakSI kI mUrtiyAM isa kSetra meM nahIM utkIrNa huiiN| kevala bArabhujI evaM navamuni guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM meM hI nIce padmAvatI kI mUrtiyAM haiM / 1 A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925-26, phalaka 60, citra I, pR0 115 2 banarjI, je0 ena0, 'jaina imejez2a', di hisTrI A~ca baMgAla, khaM0 1, DhAkA, 1943, pR0 465 3 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0sI0baM0, khaM024, aM02, pR0 133-34 4 vahI pR0 134 5 paTanA saMgrahAlaya 6531, 6533, 10678, 10679 6 prasAda, eca0 ke0 pU0ni0, pR0 281, 288 7 jozI, arjuna, 'phardara lAiTa Ana di rimensa aiTa poTTAsiMgIdI', u0hi0ri0ja0 aM0 10, aM0 4, pR0 31 32 8 eNDarasana, je0 pU0ni0, pR0 213-14 , 9 mitrA, debalA, 'zAsana devIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0so0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 133 10 vahI, pR0 129 11 vahI, pR0 129

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132 jIvanadRzya pArzva ke jIvanadRzya kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM aura AbU ke lUNavasahI ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa haiM / osiyA kI pUrvI devakulikA ke vedikAbaMdha kI dRzyAvalI bhI sambhavataH pArzva se sambandhita hai ( citra 37 ) | vasahI (1230 I0) ke atirikta anya sabhI udAharaNa gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke haiM / kalpasUtra ke citroM meM bhI pArzva ke jIvanadRzya aMkita haiM / pArzva ke jIvanadRzyoM meM paMcakalyANakoM aura pUrvajanmoM evaM upasargoM kI kathAeM vistAra se aMkita haiM / kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI pazcimI pramikA ke chaTheM vitAna (uttara se) para pArzva ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNaM haiM / inameM pArzva ke pUrvabhavoM ke dRzyoM, vizeSakara marubhUti (pAkhaM) aura kamaTha (meghamAlI) ke jIvoM ke vibhinna bhavoM ke saMgharSa ko vistAra se darazAyA gayA hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM ullekha hai ki jambUdvIpa sthita bhArata meM potanapura nAma kA eka rAjya thaa| yahAM kA zAsaka aravinda thA, jisane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM munidharma kI dIkSA lI thI / aravinda ke rAjya meM vizvabhUti nAma kA eka brAhmaNa purohita rahatA thA jisake kamaTha aura marubhUti nAma ke do putra the / jJAtavya hai ki marubhUti kA jIva dasaveM janma meM tIrthaMkara pArzva aura kamaTha kA jIva meghamAlI huA / marubhUti kA na sAMsArika vastuoM meM nahIM lagatA thA, jaba ki kamaTha unhIM meM lipta rahatA thaa| kamaTha kA marubhUti kI patnI vasundharA se anaitika sambandha sthApita ho gayA thA / jaba marubhUti ne rAjA aravinda se isakI zikAyata kI to rAjA ne kamaTha ko daNDita kiyA / isa ghaTanA ke bAda lajjAvaza kamaTha jaMgaloM meM jAkara sAdhu ho gyaa| kucha samaya bAda jaba marubhUti kamaTha ke pAsa kSamAyAcanA ke lie pahuMcA to kamaTha ne kSamA karane ke sthAna para sakrodha usake mastaka para eka vizAla patthara se prahAra kiyA / isa sAMghAtika prahAra se marubhUti kI mRtyu ho gaI / apane isa duSkRtya ke kAraNa kamaTha sadaiva ke lie naraka kA adhikArI bana gayA / " [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mahAvIra mandira kI dRzyAvalI do AyatoM meM vibhakta hai / dakSiNa kI ora madhya meM vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM aravinda kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / aravinda ke samakSa do AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM / eka AkRti namaskAra mudrA meM hai aura dUsarI kI eka bhujA Upara uThI hai / ye nizcita hI marubhUti aura kamaTha kI mUrtiyAM haiN| Age sAdhu ke rUpa meM kamaTha kI eka mUrti utkIrNa hai / zmazruyukta kamaTha kI donoM bhujAoM meM eka zilAkhaNDa hai utkIrNa hai, jisa para kamaTha zilAkhaNDa se prahAra karane ko udyata mUrtiyoM ke nIce 'aravinda muni' utkIrNa hai / / kamaTha ke samakSa namaskAra mudrA meM marubhUti kI AkRti / Age mukhapaTTikA se yukta do jaina muni nirUpita haiM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra dUsare janma meM marubhUti kA jIva gaja aura prabodhana kA samaya nikaTa jAnakara muni aravinda aSTApada parvata para kAyotsarga ora daur3A para samIpa pahuMcane para muni kI tapasyA ke prabhAva se zAnta ho gyaa| ho gayA aura usane apanA samaya vrata aura sAdhanA meM vyatIta karanA prArambha kara diyaa| eka dina jaba kukkuTa -sarpa ne gaja ko dekhA to use pUrvajanma ke vaimanasya kA smaraNa ho AyA aura usane gaja ko Dasa liyA / daMza ke bAda gaja ne anna-jala tyAga diyA aura tapasyA karate hue apane prANa tyAga diye / 2 dRzya meM eka vRkSa ke samIpa aravinda RSi aura gaja AkRti citrita haiM / nIce 'marubhUti jIva' likhA hai / samIpa hI dUsarI gaja AkRti bhI utkIrNa hai jisakI pITha para kukkuTa sarpa ko daMza karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| agale dRzya meM eka vRkSa ke samIpa do AkRtiyAM khar3I haiM aura unake madhya meM eka AkRti baiThI hai / madhya kI AkRti ke mastaka para pArzvavartI AkRtiyAM kisI teja dhAra kI vastu se prahAra kara rahI haiM / yaha kamaTha ke jIva kI naraka yAtanA kA dRzya hai / jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki kamaTha kA jIva tIsare bhava meM narakavAsI huA thA aura vahAM use taraha-taraha kI yAtanAeM dI gaI thIM / marubhUti tIsare bhava meM devatA hue / 1 tri0za0pu0ca0, khaM0 5, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja 139, bar3audA, 1962, pR0 356-59 2 vahI, pR0 359-63 kamaTha kA jIva kukkuTa sarpa huA / gaja ke meM khar3e ho gaye / gaja krodha meM RSi kI muni ke upadezoM ke prabhAva se gaja yati

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jina pratimAvijJAna ] cauthe bhAva meM marubhUti kA jIva kiraNavega ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| tilakA ke zAsaka vidyutyati unake pitA aura kanakatilakA unakI mAtA thIM / kiraNavega ne nizcita samaya para apane putra ko siMhAsana para baiThAkara svayaM dIkSA grahaNa kI aura hemaparvata para kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata ho gye| cauthe bhava meM kamaTha kA jIva vikarAla sarpa huaa| isa sarpa ne jaba kiraNavega ko tapasyArata dekhA to unake zarIra ke cAro ora lipaTa gayA aura kaI sthAnoM para baMdha kara unake prANa le liye| vitAna para vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM kiraNavega kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| samIpa hI do anya AkRtiyAM baiThI haiN| nIce 'kiraNavega rAjA' likhA hai| Age kiraNavega kI kAyotsarga meM tapasyA karatI mUrti hai jisake zarIra meM eka sarpa lipaTA hai / pAMcave bhava meM marubhUti kA jIva jambUdrumAvata meM devatA huA aura kamaTha kA jIva dhUmaprabhA ke rUpa meM naraka meM utpanna huA / chaTheM bhava meM marubhUti zubhaMkara nagara ke rAjA ke putra (vajranAma) hue / 2 vajranAbha ne upayukta samaya para apane putra ko rAjya pradAna kara dIkSA lI / kamaTha kA jIva chaTheM bhava meM bhilla kuraMgaka huA / muni vajranAbha kI mRtyu pUrva janmoM ke vairI kuraMga ke tIra se huI thii| vitAna para pUrva kI ora vacanAma kI AkRti baiThI hai| nIce 'vajranAbha' likhA hai| bacanAma ke samIpa namaskAra mudrA meM do AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / Age muni vajranAbha khar3e haiM, jinake samIpa zarasaMdhAna kI mudrA Xin kuraMgaka kI mUrti hai / Age vajranAbha kA mRta zarIra dikhAyA gayA hai / sAtaveM bhAva meM marubhUti lalitAMga deva hue aura kamaTha raurava naraka meM utpanna huA / AThaveM bhava meM marubhUti nizcita samaya para dIkSA grahaNa kara suvarNabAhu ne kaThina tapasyA kii| eka bAra suvarNabAhu kSIra parvata ke samIpa ke kSIra vana meM kAyotsarga para AkramaNa kara unheM mAra ddaalaa| naveM nava meM yoniyoM meM utpanna huaa| dasaveM bhAva meM marubhUti uttara kI ora zmazruyukta do AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM / purANapura ke rAjA kulizabAhU ke putra (suvarNabAha hue kamaTha kA jIva isa bhava meM kSIra parvata para siMha huaa| meM tapasyA kara rahe the| siMha (kamaTha kA jIva) ne usI samaya suvarNabAhu marubhUti mahAprabha svarga meM devatA hue aura kamaTha naraka evaM vibhinna pazu kA jIva pArzva jina aura kamaTha kA jIva kaTha sAdhu huA / vitAna para samIpa hI suvarNabAhu muni kI kAyotsarga mUrti utkIrNa hai / muni ke samIpa AkramaNa kI AkRtiyoM ke nIce 'kanakaprabha muni' evaM 'siMha' abhilikhita haiM / naveM bhava meM marubhUti kA ke jIva ko prApta hone vAlI naraka kI yAtanAoM ke citraNa haiM / do AkRtiyAM kamaTha ke kara rahI haiM / 133 pUrvabhavoM ke citraNa ke bAda vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM pArzva ke mAtA-pitA kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hai| nIce 'azvasena rAjA' aura 'vAmAdevI' likhA hai / Age sevikAoM se veSTita vAmAdevI eka zayyA para leTI haiM / samIpa hI 14 mAMgalika svapnoM aura zizu ke sAtha leTI vAmAdevI ke aMkana haiN| Age pArzva ke janmAbhiSeka kA dRzya hai, jisameM indra kI goda meM eka zizu (pA) baiThA hai / mudrA meM eka siMha banA hai / devatA ke rUpa meM aura kamaTha sira para parazu se prahAra pazcima kI ora eka gaja para tIna AkRtiyAM baiThI haiM nIce 'pArzvanAtha utkIrNa hai Age kaTha sAdhu ke paMcAgni tapa kA citraNa hai / kaTha sAdhu ke donoM ora do vaTa utkIrNa haiM / kaTha ke samakSa gaja para ArUr3ha pArzva kI eka mUrti hai| jaMna paramparA meM ullekha hai ki jaba kaTha sAdhu paMcAgni tapa kara rahA thA, usI samaya kumAra pArzva usa sthala se gujare pApa ko yaha jJAta ho gayA ki agnikuNDa meM DAle gaye lakar3I ke Dhera meM eka jIvita sarpa hai| pAzrva ke Adeza para eka sevaka ne lakar3I ke Dhera se sarpa ko nikAlA / para kAphI jala jAne ke kAraNa sarpa kI mRtyu ho gaI / yahI sarpa agale janma meM nAgarAja dharaNa huA jisane meghamAlI ke upasargoM ke samaya pArzva kI rakSA kI thI / dRzya meM eka AkRti ko parazu se lakar3I cIrate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / samIpa hI lakar3I se nikalA sarpa pradarzita hai| smaraNIya hai ki yahI kaTha sAdhu agale janma meM meghamAlI asura huA Age pAvaM kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura dAhine 2 vahI, pR0 365 - 69 3 vahI, pR0 369-77 4 vahI, pR0 391-92 1 vahI, pR0 364-66

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134 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna hAtha se kezoM kA luMcana kara rahe haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki anyatra jinoM ko dhyAnamudrA meM baiThakara kezoM kA luMcana karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / pAkha~ ke samIpa hI hAra, mukuTa, aMgUThI jaise AbhUSaNa citrita haiM, jinakA dIkSA ke pUrva pArzva ne parityAga kiyA thA / samIpa hI indra ko eka pAtra meM pArzva ke luMcita kezoM ko saMcita karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / dakSiNa kI ora pArzva kI tapasyA kA citraNa hai / pArzva kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| pArzva ke zIrSa bhAga meM sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI pradarzita hai / samIpa hI namaskAra-mudrA meM jaTAjUTa se zobhita eka AkRti utkIrNa hai, jo sambhavataH apane kAryoM ke lie pArzva se kSamAyAcanA karatI huI meghamAlI kI AkRti hai / pAra ke bAMyI ora eka sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta dharaNendra kI AkRti hai / dharaNendra sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM para donoM hAtha jor3akara baiThe haiM / AkRti ke nIce 'dharaNendra' likhA hai / dharaNendra ke samIpa hI namaskAra - mudrA meM eka dUsarI AkRti bhI baiThI hai, jise lekha meM 'kaMkAla' kahA gayA hai| Age eka sarpaphaNa kI chatrAvalI vAlI vairoTyA (dharaNendra kI patnI ) mI nirUpita hai / samIpa hI sapta sarpaphaNoM ke zirastrANa se suzobhita pArzva kI ka dhyAnastha mUrti hai / Age pArzva kA samavasaraNa banA hai / kumAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI pUrvI bhramikA ke vitAna para bhI pArzva ke jIvanadRzya utkIrNa haiM / zAntinAtha mandira ke jIvanadRzya vivaraNa kI dRSTi se pUrI taraha mahAvIra mandira ke jIvanadRzyoM ke samAna haiM / ataH unakA varNana yahAM apekSita nahIM hai / osiyA kI pUrvI devakulikA kI dRzyAvalI kI sambhAvita pahacAna do kAraNoM se pArzva se kI gaI hai / pahalA yaha ki lalATa-bimba para pArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / ataH yaha sambhAvanA hai ki devakulikA pArzvanAtha ko samarpita thI / dUsarA yaha ki lalATa-bimba kI pAzrva mUrti ke nIce do uDDIyamAna AkRtiyoM dvArA dhArita eka mukuTa citrita hai / vedikAbandha kI dRzyAvalI meM bhI ThIka isI prakAra se eka mukuTa utkIrNa hai / uttara kI ora 14 mAMgalika svapna aura jina kI mAtA kI zizu ke sAtha leTI huI mUrti utkIrNa haiN| Age pArzva ke janma abhiSeka kA dRzya hai jisameM pAkhaM indra kI goda meM baiThe haiN| Age khaDga, kheTaka, cApa, thara Adi zastrAstra evaM pArzva ke rAjyArohaNa aura yuddha dRzya haiM / yuddha-dRzya meM sambhavataH pArakhaM aura yavanarAja kI senAeM pradarzita haiM / dRzya meM donoM pakSoM kI senAoM ke yuddha kA citraNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhI yahI ullekha milatA hai ki yuddha ke pUrva hI yavanarAja ne AtmasamarpaNa kara diyA thA / dakSiNa kI ora eka ratha para do AkRtiyAM baiThI / Age sthAnaka - mudrA meM eka caturbhuja mUrti utkIrNa hai / kirITamukuTa evaM vanamAlA se zobhita AkRti ke do surakSita hAthoM meM gadA evaM cakra haiN| Age jina kI dIkSA aura tapasyA ke dRzya haiM / kAyotsargaM meM khar3I jina-mUrti ke pAsa eka devAlaya utkIrNaM hai jisameM dhyAnastha jina-mUrti pratiSThita hai / lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 16 ke vitAna ke dRzya meM hastikalikuNDatIrthaM yA ahicchatrA nagara kI utpatti kI kathA vistAra se citrita hai / vividhatIrthaMkalpa meM ullekha hai ki pArzva ke uparyukta sthala kI yAtrA ke bAda vahAM jaina tIrthaM kI sthApanA huI / kalpasUtra ke citroM meM pArzva ke pUrvabhava, cyavana, janma, janma abhiSeka, dIkSA, kaivalya-prApti evaM samavasaraNa ke citrAMkana haiM / " pUrvabhavoM ke citraNa meM kaTha ke paMcAgnitapa ke dRzya bhI haiM / dakSiNa bhArata--uttara bhArata ke samAna hI dakSiNa bhArata se bhI vipula saMkhyA meM pArzva kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / zIrSa bhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra sabhI udAharaNoM meM pradarzita haiM / sarpaM lAMchana kisI udAharaNa meM nahIM hai / isa 1 garbhagRha kI jina pratimA gAyaba hai / 2 isa AkRti ke utkIrNana kA sandarbha spaSTa nahIM hai / para yadi yaha AkRti kRSNa kI hai to sampUrNa dRzyAvalI nemi se bhI sambandhita ho sakatI hai / 4 vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 14, 26 3 jayanta vijaya, munizrI, pU0ni0, pR0 123-25 5 brAuna, DablyU 0 ena0, pu0ni0, pR0 41-44

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jina - pratimAvijJAna ] 135 kSetra kI nIce vivecita sabhI mUrtiyoM meM pAkhaM nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsargaM meM khar3e haiN| kevala karnATaka se milI aura briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana meM surakSita eka mUrti meM hI pArakhaM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora sevakoM ke rUpa meM dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI kA nirUpaNa vizeSa lokapriya thA / elorA aura bAdAmI kI jaina guphAoM meM pArzva kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| bAdAmI kI guphA 4 ke mukhamaNDapa kI pazcimI dIvAra kI mUrti (7vIM zatI I0) meM pAzva ke zIrSabhAga meM sambhavataH meghamAlI kI mUrti utkIrNa hai / " dAhinI ora eka sarpa phaNa ke chatra se zobhita padmAvatI khar3I hai jisake hAtha meM eka lambA chatra hai / bAyIM ora dharaNendra kI AkRti hai jisakA eka hAtha abhayamudrA meM hai| mUrti meM eka bhI prAtihArya nahIM utkIrNa hai / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka anya mUrti aihola ( bIjApura) kI jaina guphA ke mukhamaNDapa kI pazcimI dIvAra para utkIrNa hai| elorA kI guphA 33 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM bAyIM ora meghamAlI ke upasarga bhI citrita haiM / 3 dAhine pAva meM chatradhAriNI padmAvatI hai kannar3a zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (53) pArzva ke donoM ora dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiM haidarAbAda saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti ( 12vIM zatI I0) meM bhI caturbhuja yakSa- yakSI nirUpita haiM / " parikara meM 22 choTI jina AkRtiyAM, cAmaradhara, trichatra aura dundubhivAdaka bhI utkIrNa haiM | briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana kI mUrti ( 12vIM zatI I0) meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita pArzva ke samIpa do cAmaradhara sevaka aura pIThikA choroM para gajArUr3ha dharaNendra yakSa aura sarpavAhanA padmAvatI yakSI nirUpita haiM / / / vizleSaNa uttara bhArata meM RSabha ke bAda jinoM meM pArzva to pArzva kI RSabha se bhI adhika mUrtiyAM haiM / hI sarvAdhika lokapriya the / la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki ur3IsA kI udayagiri-khaNDagiri guphAoM meM mathurA meM pArzva ke mastaka para sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra kA pradarzana prArambha huA / yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki pArzva ke sAta sarpaphaNoM kA nirdhAraNa RSabha kI jaTAoM se kucha pUrva hI ho gayA thA / RSabha ke sAtha jaTAeM pahalI zatI I0 meM pradarzita huiiN| pArzva ke sAtha sarpa lAMchana kA citraNa kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM huA hai| dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI ye mUrtiyAM uttara pradeza, baMgAla evaM ur3IsA ke vibhinna sthaloM se milI haiM / pArzva ke zIrSa bhAga meM pradarzita sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM sAmAnyataH pArzva ke caraNoM yA ghuTanoM taka prasArita haiM / kabhI- kabhI pAravaM sapaM kI kuNDaliyoM ke hI Asana para baiThe bhI nirUpita haiN| zIrSa bhAga meM pradarzita sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke kAraNa pArzva kI mUrtiyoM meM bhAmaNDala nahIM utkIrNa haiM / jina mUrtiyoM meM pArzva kI sevikA kI bhujA meM lambA chatra pradarzita hai, unameM zIrSabhAga meM trichatra nahIM utkIrNa haiM / zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora sAmAnya cAmaraghara AmUrtita haiN| para digaMbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH mUlanAyaka ke dAhine aura bAMyeM pAvoM meM sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvaliyoM vAlI puruSa-strI sevaka AkRtiyAM nirUpita haiM / inakA aMkana pAMcavIM chaThIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / puruSa AkRti yA to namaskAra - mudrA meM hai, yA phira usake eka hAtha meM cAmara hai / strI kI bhujA meM eka lambe daNDa vAlA chatra hai jisakA chatra bhAga pArzva ke sarpaphaNoM ke Upara pradarzita hai | ye dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI kI usa samaya kI mUrtiyAM haiM jaba meghamAlI ke upasargoM se pArzva kI rakSA karane ke lie ve devaloka se Aye the / pArzva kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa bahuta niyamita nahIM thA / la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 meM yakSayakSI kA citraNa prArambha huA / yakSa-yakSI sAmAnyataH sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA yA phira sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / 1 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha e 21-59 2 vahI, e 21-24 : pAkhaM yahAM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM / 3 AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, dillI, citra saMgraha 996.55 4 annigerI, e0 ema0 pu0ni0, pR0 19 5 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 166.67 6 jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 557

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kevala osiyA, devagar3ha, AbU (vimalavasahI kI devakUlikA 4), khajurAho evaM baTezvara kI gyArahavIM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI kucha hI mUrtiyoM meM nirUpita haiN| (24) mahAvIra jIvanavRtta mahAvIra isa avasarpiNI ke antima jina haiM / jJAtRvaMza ke zAsaka siddhArtha unake pitA aura trizalA unakI mAtA thiiN| mahAvIra kA janma paTanA ke samIpa kuNDAgrAma (yA kSatriyakuNDa) meM la0 599 I0 pU0 meM huA thaa|' zvetAMbara granthoM meM mahAvIra ke janma ke sambandha meM eka kathA prApta hotI hai, jisake anusAra mahAvIra kA jIva pahale brAhmaNa RSabhadatta kI bhAryA devAnandA kI kakSi meM AyA aura devAnandA ne garbhadhAraNa kI rAtri meM 14 zabha svapnoM kA darzana kiyaa| para jaba indra ko isakI sUcanA milI to usane vicAra kiyA ki kabhI koI jina brAhmaNa kula meM nahIM utpanna hae, ata: mahAvIra kA brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna honA anucita aura paramparA viruddha hogaa| indra ne apane senApati harinaigameSI ko mahAvIra ke bhraNa ko devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAntarita karane kA Adeza diyaa| harinagameSI ne mahAvIra ke bhraNa ko sthAnAntarita kara diyA / garma parivartana kI rAtri meM trizalA ne bhI 14 zubha svapnoM ko dekhaa| mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane ke bAda se rAjya ke dhana, dhAnya, koSa Adi meM abhUtapUrva vRddhi huI, isI kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma vardhamAna rakhA gyaa| bAlyAvasthA ke vIrocita aura adbhuta kAryoM ke kAraNa devatAoM ne bAlaka kA nAma 'mahAvIra' rkhaa| mahAvIra kA vivAha basaMtapura ke mahAsAmanta samaravIra kI putrI yazodA se huaa| digaMbara ganthoM meM mahAvIra ke vivAha kA anullekha hai / 28 varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra ne apane agraja nandivardhana se pravrajyA grahaNa karane kI anumati maaNgii| tathApi svajanoM ke anurodha para virakta bhAva se do varSa taka mahala meM hI ruke rhe| isa avadhi meM mahAvIra ne mahala meM hI rakha kara jaina dharma ke niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA aura kAyotsarga meM tapasyA bhI karate rhe| mahAvIra ke isa rUpa meM unakI jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa huI haiM / inameM mahAvIra vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita pradarzita kiye gye| 30 varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra ne AbharaNoM kA tyAga kara paMcamuSTika meM kezoM kA luMcana kiyA aura pravrajyA grahaNa kii| sADhe bAraha varSoM kI kaThina sAdhanA ke bAda mahAvIra ko jambhaka grAma meM RjupAlikA nadI ke kinAre zAla vRkSa ke nIce kevala-jJAna prApta huaa| kaivalya prApti ke bAda devatAoM ne mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI racanA kI / agale 30 varSoM taka mahAvIra vibhinna sthaloM para bhramaNa kara dharmopadeza dete rhe| la0 527 I0 pU0 meM 72 varSa kI avasthA meM rAjagira ke nikaTa (?) pAvApurI meM mahAvIra ko nirvANa-pada prApta huaa| prArambhika mUrtiyAM mahAvIra kA lAMchana siMha hai aura yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga evaM siddhAyikA (yA padmA) haiN| mahAvIra kI prAconatama matiyAM kuSANa kAla kI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM mathurA se milI haiN| la0 pahalI se tIsarI zatI I. ke madhya kI sAta matiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM saMgrahIta haiM (citra 34) / " sabhI udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra kI pahacAna pIThikA-lekha meM utkIrNa nAma ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / chaha udAharaNoM meM lekhoM meM 'vardhamAna' aura eka meM (je 2) 'mahAvIra' utkINaM haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM saMprati kevala pIThikAeM hI surakSita haiN| anya cAra udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna haiN|" siMhAsana ke madhya meM upAsakoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se veSTita dharmacakra utkIrNa haiN| 1 mahAvIra kI tithi nirdhAraNa ke prazna para vistAra ke lie draSTavya, jaina, ke0sI0, lArDa mahAvIra aiNDa hija TAimsa, dillI, 1974, pR0 72-88 2 kalpasUtra 20-28; tri020pu0ca0 10.2.1-28 3 tri0zapu0ca.10.2.88-124 4 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 333-554 5 kramAMka je02, 14, 16, 22, 31, 53, 66 6 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 2, 14, 22 7 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 16, 31, 53, 66

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 137 guptakAla kI mahAvIra kI kevala eka mUrti jJAta hai| la0 chaThI zato I0 kI yaha mUrti vArANasI se milI hai aura bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (161) meM saMgRhIta hai (citra 35) / ' mahAvIra eka UMcI pIThikA para dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unake Asana ke samakSa vizvapadma utkIrNa hai| mahAvIra cAmaradhara sevakoM, uDDIyamAna AkRtiyoM evaM kAMtimaNDala se yukta haiN| pIThikA ke madhya meM dharmacakra aura usake donoM ora mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana utkIrNa haiM / pIThikA ke choroM para do dhyAnastha jina mUtiyAM banI haiM / gupta yuga meM mahAvIra kI do jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa huiiN| ye mUrtiyAM akoTA se milI haiN| ina zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura mukuTa, hAra Adi AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta haiM (citra 36) / la. sAtavIM zatI I0 kI do digaMbara mUrtiyAM dhAMka (gujarAta) kI guphA meM utkIrNa haiN| inameM mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura unakA siMha lAMchana siMhAsana para banA hai| pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra se tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiM / do mUrtiyoM meM lAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai| do udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| eka udAharaNa meM yakSa-yakSI svatantra lakSaNoM vAle haiN| 1004 I0 kI eka dhya mUrti kaTarA (bharatapura) se milI hai aura samprati rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (279) meM surakSita hai| siMha-lAMchana-yukta isa mahAvIra mUti ke siMhAsana ke choroM para svatantra lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| cAmaradharoM ke samIpa kAyotsarga-mudrA meM do nirvastra jina AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| 1186 I0 kI eka mUrti kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira kI pazcimo bhitti para hai| yahAM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna haiN| siMha lAMchana ke sAtha hI lekha meM mahAvIra kA nAma bhI utkINaM hai| yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiN| pAvavarto cAmaradharoM ke Upara do choTI jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| eka mUrti supAzva kI hai| 1179I0 kI eka mUrti kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI devakUlikA 24 meM hai / lekha meM mahAvIra kA nAma utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSI anupasthita haiN| isa kSetra meM jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI bhI kaI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huii| rAjasthAna ke sevar3I evaM osiyA (citra 300 se dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mati saradAra saMgrahAlaya, jodhapura meM hai / sabhI udAharaNoM meM vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| ___ uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI pAMca mahAvIra matiyAM haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| siMha lAMchana sabhI meM utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSa eka hI udAharaNa (je 808) meM nirUpita haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 kI isa kAyotsarga mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| 1077 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je 880) meM lAMchana ke sAtha hI pIThikA-lekha meM bhI 'vIranAtha' utkIrNa hai| malanAyaka ke pAvoM meM cAmaradharoM ke sthAna para do kAyotsarga jina mUrtiyAM banI haiM jinake Upara punaH do dhyAnastha jina AmUrtita haiN| ___ azavakherA (iTAvA) kI 1166 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (je 782) meM siMhAsana nahIM utkIrNa hai / pIThikA ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke sthAna para eka dvibhujI devI hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura kalaza ke sAtha AmUrtita hai| mati ke dAhine chora para gadA aura zRMkhalA se yukta dvibhuja kSetrapAla kI nagna AkRti khar3I hai| samIpa hI vAhana zvAn bhI utkIrNa hai / kSetrapAla tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'aina anpablizDa jina imeja ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI'. vi0I0 ja0. khaM0 13, aM0 1-2, pR0 373-75 2 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 26-28 3 saMkaliyA, eca0DI0, 'di aliesTa jaina skalpacasaM ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0so0, julAI 1938, pR0 429 4 rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera 271 18

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138 [ jana pratimAvijJAna kI AkRti ke Upara dvibhuja gomukha yakSa kI mUrti hai, jisake Upara tIna sapaMphaNoM ke chapavAlI padmAvatI yakSI AmUrtita hai| mUrti ke bAyeM chora para garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI evaM ambikA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke sthAna para gomukha yakSa evaM cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI yakSiyoM aura kSetrapAla ke citraNa isa mUrti kI durlabha vizeSatAeM haiN| la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (12.259) meM hai| devagar3ha meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI nau mUrtiyAM haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / siMha lAMchana sabhI meM utkIrNa haiM para yakSa-yakSI kevala ATha hI udAharaNoM meM nirUpita haiN|' chaha udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI dvibhuja aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| mandira 1 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI dhyAnastha mUrti meM yakSa dvibhuja hai aura yakSI caturbhujA hai / mandira 11 kI 1048 I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti meM yakSa caturbhuja aura yakSI dvibhujA haiN| tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta yakSI ke hAthoM meM phala evaM bAlaka haiN| isa mUrti meM ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM kI vizeSatAeM saMyukta rUpa se pradarzita haiN| parikara meM 14 jina mUrtiyAM aura mUlanAyaka ke kandhoM para jaTAeM pradarzita haiN| mandira 3 aura mandira 20 kI do anya mUrtiyoM meM bhI jaTAeM pradarzita haiM / mandira 1 kI mUrti ke parikara meM 10, mandira 4 kI mUrti meM 4, mandira 3 kI mUrti meM 8, mandira 2 kI mUrti meM 2, mandira 12 ko pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI mUrti meM 15 aura mandira 20 kI mUrti meM 2 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mandira 12 ke samIpa bhI yakSa-yakSI se yukta mahAvIra kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) hai (citra 38) / gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira ke garbhagRha kI dakSiNI mitti para dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti hai / siMhAsana ke madhya meM lAMchana aura choroM para dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| khajurAho meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI nau mahAvIra mUrtiyAM haiM / ATha udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| lAMchana sabhI meM utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSI kevala chaha udAharaNoM meM nirUpita haiN|2 mahAvIra ke yakSayakSI ke nirUpaNa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| yakSa aura yakSI donoM ke sAtha vAhana siMha hai, jo mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana se prabhAvita hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI dakSiNI mitti kI mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / cAmaradharoM ke samIpa do jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| mandira 2 kI 1092 I0 kI eka mUrti meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM caturbhaja sarasvatI (yA zAntidevI)3 evaM choroM para caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| mandira 21 kI mUrti (ke 28 / 1, 11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI caturbhujA hai / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 17) kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUrti meM siMhAsana ke choroM para caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1731) kI eka mUrti (12 vIM zatII0) meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI ke Upara do khar3I striyAM banI haiM jinakI eka bhujA meM sanAlapadma hai| sthAnIya saMgra mUrtiyoM (ke 17 evaM 38) ke parikara meM kramazaH 14 aura 2, mandira 2 kI mUrti meM 2, mandira 21 kI mUrti (ke 281) meM 4, purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI mUrti (1731) meM 8, zAntinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM 2 aura mandira 31 kI mUrti meM 1 choTI jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki isa kSetra meM siMha lAMchana ke sAtha hI yakSa-yakSI kA bhI nirUpaNa lokapriya thaa| yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiM / bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-la0 AThavIM zato I0 ko do dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM sonabhaNDAra kI pUrvI guphA meM utkIrNa haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora siMha lAMchana aura pIThikA ke choroM para do dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| 1 mandira 21 kI mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkIrNa haiN| 2 mandira 1 kI do aura mandira 31 kI eka mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI nahIM utkoNa haiN| 3 devI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, padma, pustaka evaM kamaNDalu pradarzita haiN| 4 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, rAjagira, dillI, 1970, phalaka 7 kha |

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 139 viSNupura (bAkur3A) ke dharapata mandira se la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti milI hai| mUrti ke parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM banI haiN| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI pAMca mahAvIra mUrtiyAM aluArA se milI haiM aura paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita (10670-73, 10677) haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| eka udAharaNa meM navagrahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| caraMpA (ur3IsA) se milI la0 dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka nirvastra mUrti ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara meM hai| mahAvIra kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiM aura unakA lAMchana pIThikA para utkIrNa hai| eka dhyAnastha mUti bArabhujI guphA meM hai (citra 59) / mUrti ke nIce viMzatibhuja yakSI nirUpita hai| eka kAyotsarga mUrti trizUla guphA meM hai| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti vaibhAragiri ke jaina mandira meM hai| isa prakAra isa kSetra meM siMha lAMchana kA citraNa niyamita thA para yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana durlabha thA / jIvanadRzya matharA ke kaMkAlI TIle se prApta phalaka aura kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra evaM zAntinAtha mandiroM ke vitAnoM para mahAvIra ke jovanadRzya utkIrNa haiN| mathurA se prApta phalaka pahalI zatI I0 kA hai| kumbhAriyA ke mandiroM ke dRzya gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke haiN| kalpasUtra ke citroM meM bhI mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya haiN| mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzyoM meM pUrvajanmoM, paMcakalyANakoM, vivAha, candanabAlA ko kathA evaM mahAvIra ke upasargoM ke vistRta aMkana haiN| ___ mathurA se prApta phalaka rAjya saMhAlaya, lakhanaU (je 626) meM surakSita hai (citra 39) / phalaka para mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA dRzya aMkita hai| phalaka para indra ke pradhAna senApati harinaMgameSI (ajamukha) ko lalitamudrA meM eka UMce Asana para baiThe dikhAyA gayA hai / AkRti ke nIce 'nemeso' utkIrNa hai| naigameSI sambhavataH mahAvIra ke garbha parivartana kA kArya pUrA kara indra kI sabhA meM baiThe haiN| naigameSI ke samIpa eka nirvastra bAlaka AkRti khar3I hai| bAlaka kI pahacAna mahAvIra se kI gaI hai| bAlaka ke samIpa hI do striyAM khar3I haiN| phalaka ke dUsare ora eka strI kI goda meM eka bAlaka baiThA hai / ye sambhavataH trizalA aura mahAvIra kI AkRtiyAM haiN| kambhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke vitAna (uttara se dUsarA) para mahAvIra ke jIvanadazya haiM (citra 40) / sampUrNa dRzyAvalI tIna AyatoM meM vibhakta hai| prArambha meM mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM ke aMkana haiM / jaina paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra ke jIva ne nayasAra ke bhava meM satkarma kA bIja DAlakara kramazaH usakA siMcana kiyA aura 27 veM bhava meM tIrthaMkara-pada prApta kiyaa| rAjA ke Adeza para nayasAra eka bAra vana meM lakar3iyAM kATane gyaa| vana meM na kucha bhUkhe muniyoM se huI, jinheM usane bhaktipUrvaka bhojana karAyA / muniyoM ne nayasAra ko AtmakalyANa kA mArga batala 18 veM bhava meM nayasAra kA jIva tripRSTha vAsudeva huaa| tripRSTha ne zAlikSetra ke eka upadravI siMha ko binA ratha aura zastra ke mAra DAlA thA / eka dina tripRSTha ke rAjamahala meM kucha saMgItajJa Aye / sone ke pUrva tripRSTha ne apane zayyApAlakoM ko yaha Adeza diyA ki jaba mujhe nidrA A jAya to saMgIta kA kAryakrama banda karA diyA jAya, kintu zayyApAlaka saMgIta meM itane rama gaye ki ve tripRSTha ke Adeza kA pAlana karanA bhUla gye| nidrA samApta hone para jaba tripRSTha ne dekhA ki saMgIta kA kAryakrama parvavata cala rahA hai to vaha atyanta krodhita huA aura usane AjJAbhaMga karane ke aparAdha meM zayyApAlaka ke kAnoM 1 caudharI, ravIndranAtha, 'dharapata Tempala', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 88, aM0 4, pR0 297 2 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 288 3 daza, ema0 pI, pU0ni0, pR052 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 133 5 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di praoNvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA, pR0 282 6 candA, Ara0 pI0, pU0ni0, phalaka 57 bI 7 epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 314, phalaka 2

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140 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna meM garama zIzA DalavAkara use daNDita kiyaa| apane isI amAnavIya kRtya ke kAraNa 19 veM bhava meM tripRSTha naraka meM utpanna huA / bAIsave bhava meM nayasAra kA jIva priyamitra cakravartI huA / 26 ve bhava meM nayasAra kA jIva brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha meM utpanna haa| devAnandA ke garbha se trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAntaraNa ko nayasAra kA 27 vAM bhava mAnA gyaa|' dUsare Ayata meM uttara kI ora nayasAra aura tIna jaina muniyoM kI AkRtiyAM khar3I haiN| muniyoM ke eka hAtha meM mukhapaTTikA hai aura dUsare se abhayamudrA pradarzita hai| samopa hI muni dvArA nayasAra ko upadeza diye jAne kA dRzya hai| Age nayasAra ke jIva ko dUsare bhava meM svarga meM aura tIsare bhava meM mArIci ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| samIpa hI vizvabhUti kI mUrti (16 vAM bhava) hai| vizvabhUti eka vRkSa para prahAra kara rahe haiN| nIce 'vizvabhUti kevalI' utkIrNa hai / jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki kisI bAta para aprasanna hokara vizvabhUti ne seva ke eka vRkSa para muSTikA se prahAra kiyA thA jisake phalasvarUpa vRkSa ke sabhI seva nIce gira par3e the| dakSiNa kI ora tripRSTha ko eka siMha se yuddharata dikhAyA gayA hai| nIce 'tripRSTha vAsudeva' utkIrNa hai / Age tripRSTha ke jIva ko naraka meM vibhinna prakAra kI yAtanAeM sahate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| nIce 'tripRSTha narakavAsa' utkIrNa hai| samIpa hI eka siMha (20 vAM bhava) evaM naraka kI yAtanA (21 vAM bhava) ke dRzya haiM / nIce 'agni narakavAsa' utkIrNa hai| Age eka zmazruyukta AkRti banI hai, jisake samIpa sarpa, mRga evaM zUkara Adi pazu citrita haiN| madhya ke Ayata meM (uttara kI ora) priyamitra cakravartI (22 vAM bhava), nandana (24 vAM bhava) evaM devatA (25 vAM bhava) kI mUrtiyAM haiN| bAharI Ayata meM (pazcima kI ora) mahAvIra ke janma kA dRzya utkIrNa hai| dAhine chora para trizalA eka zayyA para leTI haiN| samIpa hI vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM siddhArtha evaM trizalA kI AkRtiyAM haiN| dakSiNa kI ora trizalA kI zayyA para leTI eka anya AkRti evaM 14 mAMgalika svapna haiN| Age do sevikAoM se sevita trizalA navajAta ziza ke sAtha leTI haiN| trizalA ke samIpa namaskAra-mudrA meM naigameSI kI mUrti khar3I hai| Age vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM siddhArtha evaM trizalA kI AkRtiyAM haiN| samIpa hI sAta anya AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM jo sambhavataH siddhArtha kI adhInatA svIkAra karanevAle zAsakoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| pUrva kI ora (madhya meM) naigameSI dvArA zizu (mahAvIra) ko abhiSeka ke lie meru parvata para indra ke pAsa le jAne kA dRzya aMkita hai| uttara kI ora mahAvIra ke janmAbhiSeka kA dRzya hai| Age mahAvIra ke vivAha kA dRzya hai| vivAha-vedikA ke donoM ora mahAvIra aura yazodA kI sthAnaka mUrtiyAM haiN| vivAha-vedikA para svayaM brahmA upasthita haiN| samIpa hI mahAvIra eka sAdhu ko kucha bhikSA de rahe haiN| pazcima kI ora mahAvIra aura tIna muniyoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| dUsare Ayata meM (pazcima kI ora) mahAvIra kI dIkSA kA dRzya hai| mahAvIra apane bAyeM hAtha se kezoM kA luMcana kara rahe haiN| samIpa hI khaDga, mukuTa, hAra, karNaphUla Adi citrita haiM jinakA mahAvIra ne parityAga kiyA thaa| agale dRzya meM mahAvIra mukhapaTTikA se yukta eka vRddha ko dAna de rahe haiN| nIce 'mahAvIra' aura 'devadUSya brAhmaNa' likhA hai| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki dIkSA ke bAda mArga meM mahAvIra ko eka vRddha brAhmaNa milA jo mahAvIra se kucha dAna prApta karanA cAhatA thaa| dIkSA ke pUrva mahAvora dvArA mukta hasta se diye gaye dAna ke samaya yaha brAhmaNa upasthita nahIM ho sakA thaa| mahAvIra ne vRddha brAhmaNa ko nirAza nahIM kiyA aura kandhe para rakhe vastra kA AdhA bhAga phAr3akara de diyaa| Age vibhinna sthAnoM para mahAvIra kI tapasyA aura tapasyA meM upasthita kiye gaye upasargoM ke citraNa haiN| dRzya meM mahAvIra zalapANi yakSa ke Ayatana meM baiThe haiN| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra sandhyA samaya asthigrAma pahaMce aura nagara ke bAhara zUlapANi yakSa ke Ayatana meM hI ruka gye| logoM ne mahAvIra ko vahAM na rukane kI salAha dI para mahAvIra ne parISaha sahane aura yakSa ko pratibodhita karane kA nizcaya kara liyA thaa| rAtri meM yakSa ne prakaTa hokara dhyAnastha / 1 triza.pu0ca0 10.1.1-284; hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 336-39 2 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 362

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jina-pratimAvina ] 141 mahAvAra ke samakSa bhayaMkara aTTahAsa kiyaa| kintu mahAvIra tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue| taba yakSa ne hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara mahAvIra ko dAMtoM aura pairoM se pIr3A phuNcaaii| para mahAvIra phira bhI avicalita rahe / taba usane pizAca kA rUpa dhAraNa kara tIkSNa nakhoM evaM dAMtoM se mahAvIra ke zarIra ko nocA, sarpa banakara unakA daMza kiyA aura unake zarIra se lipaTa gyaa| itanA kucha hone para bhI mahAvIra kA dhyAna nahIM TUTA / zUlapANi ne mahAvIra ke zarIra meM sAta sthAnoM (netroM, kAnoM, nAsikA, sira, dAMtoM, nakhoM evaM pITha) para bhayaMkara pIr3A phuNcaaii| para mahAvIra zAntabhAva se saba sahate rhe| anta meM yakSa ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra kI aura mahAvIra ke caraNoM para gira pdd'aa| bAda meM usane vaha sthAna bhI chor3a diyA / ___tapaHsAdhanA ke dUsare varSa meM mahAvIra ko caNDakauzika nAma kA dRSTi-viSa vAlA bhayaMkara sapaM milA jisane dhyAnastha mahAvIra ke paira aura zarIra para jaharIlA draSTAghAta kiyaa| para mahAvIra usase prabhAvita nahIM hae / 2 sAdhanA ke pAMcaveM varSa meM mahAvIra lAr3ha deza meM Aye, jo anArya kSetra thaa| yahAM ke logoM ne mahAvIra kI tapasyA meM bhayaMkara upasarga upasthita kiye / zvAna dUra se hI mahAvIra ko kATane daur3ate the| anArya logoM ne mahAvIra para daNDa, muSTi, patthara evaM zUla Adi meM prahAra kiye| sAdhanA ke 11veM varSa meM indra ne mahAvIra kI kaThina sAdhanA kI prazaMsA kii| para indra kI bAtoM para avizvAsa karate hue saMgama deva ne mahAvIra kI svayaM parIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| saMgama deva ne dhyAna nimagna mahAvIra ko vibhinna upasargoM dvArA vicalita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| usane eka hI rAta meM 20 upasarga upasthita kiye / usane pralayakArI dhala kI varSA, vRzcika, nakula, sarpa, cIMTiyoM, mUSaka, gaja, pizAca, siMha aura cANDAla Adi ke upasargoM dvArA mahAvIra ko taraha-taraha kI vedanA phuNcaaii| saMgamadeva ne mahAvIra para kAlacakra bhI calAyA, jisake prabhAva se mahAvIra ke zarIra kA AdhA nicalA bhAga bhUmi meM dhaMsa gyaa| usane eka apsarA ko mahAvIra ke samakSa prastuta kiyA aura svayaM siddhArtha evaM trizalA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara karuNa vilApa bhI kiyaa| para mahAvIra ina upasargoM se tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue / anta meM saMgama deva ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra karate hue mahAvIra se kSamA maaNgii|" ____ dakSiNa kI ora zUlapANi yakSa kI mUrti hai, jisakI donoM bhujAeM Upara uThI haiN| zUlapANi ke vakSaHsthala kI sabhI har3iyAM dIkha rahI haiN| samIpa hI vRzcika, sarpa, kapi, nakula, gaja aura siMha kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| Age mahAvIra kI kAyotsarga mUrti hai| nIce 'mahAvIra upasarga' likhA hai| yaha zUlapANi yakSa ke upasargoM kA citraNa hai| mahAvIramati ke nIce bhI vaSama, gaja aura siMha kI mUrtiyAM haiN| sAtha hI bANa aura cakra jaise zastra bhI aMkita haiN| nIce 'mahAvIra upasarga' utkIrNa hai| mahAvIra ke dAhine pArzva meM eka sarpa ko daMza karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / Upara AkramaNa kI mudrA meM eka Akati citrita hai| samIpa hI sarpa aura khaDga se yukta eka AkRti ko kAyotsarga meM khar3e mahAvIra para prahAra kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| Age mahAvIra kI eka dUsarI kAyotsarga mUrti utkIrNa hai| eka vRSabha mahAvIra para AkramaNa kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| ye sabhI saMgamadeva ke upasarga haiN| upasoM ke bAda mahAvIra ke candanabAlA se bhikSAgrahaNa karane kA dRzya hai| jJAtavya hai ki candanabAlA mahAvIra kI prathama ziSyA evaM zramaNI-saMgha kI pravartinI thI / candanabAlA campA nagarI ke zAsaka dadhivAhana kI putrI thI aura usakA prArambhika nAma vasUmati thaa| eka bAra kauzAmbI ke rAjA ne dadhivAhana para AkramaNa kara use parAjita kara diyA aura usakI patrI vasamatI ko kauzAmbI le AyA, jahAM usane vasumatI ko dhanAvaha zreSThI ke hAthoM beca diyA / dhanAvaha aura usakI patnI malA vasUmatI ko apanI putrI ke samAna mAnate the| donoM ne vasumatI kA nayA nAma candanA rakhA / candanA kA saundarya anapama thaa| usakI apAra rUparAzi ko dekhakara mUlA ke hRdaya kA strI daurbalya jAga uThA aura usane yaha socanA 1 triza0pu0ca0 10.3.111-46 2 tri020pu0ca010.3.225-80 3 triza0pu0ca0 10.3.554-66 4 triza0pu0ca0 10.4.184-281 5 caturvizati jinacaritra, jinacaritra pariziSTa, 222-37

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42 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna 1 prArambha kara diyA ki kahIM dhanAvaha candanA se vivAha na kara le| mUlA aba candanA ko haTAne kA upAya socane lgii| eka dina aparAhna meM dhanAvaha jaba bAjAra se ghara lauTA to sebakoM ke upasthita na hone kAraNa candanA hI dhanAvaha kA paira dhone lagI nIce jhukane ke kAraNa candanA kA jUr3A khula gayA aura usakI kezarAdhi bikhara gaI candanA ke keza kahIM kIcar3a meM na sana jAyeM, isa dRSTi se sahaja vAtsalya se prerita hokara dhanAvaha ne candanA kI kezarAzi ko apanI yaSTi se Upara uThA kara jUr3A bAMdha diyA / saMyogavaza mUlA yaha saba dekha rahI thI / usane apane sandeha ko vAstavikatA kA rUpa de DAlA aura candanA kA sarvanAza karane para tula gii| eka bAra jaba dhanAvaha kAryavaza kisI dUsare gAMva calA gayA thA, taba mUlA ne candanA ke bAloM ko mur3avA kara use zArIrika yAtanAeM dIM aura use eka kamare meM banda kara diyaa| tIna dinoM taka candanA bhUkhI-pyAsI usI kamare meM banda rhii| vApisa lauTane para jaba dhanAvaha ko yaha jJAta huA to vaha ro pdd'aa| rasoIghara meM jAne para use grupa meM kucha ur3ada ke bAMkaloM ke atirikta kucha nahIM milaa| usane candanA se unhIM ko grahaNa karane ko kahA / usI samaya eka muni AyA jise candanA ne una ur3ada ke bAMkaloM kI bhikSA dii| muni aura koI nahIM balki svayaM mahAvIra the| usI kSaNa AkAza meM mahAdAna mahAdAna kI devavANI huI utpanna ho gaI aura indra ne mahAvIra kI vandanA ke bAda candanA kA bhI prApta huA to candanavAlA ne mahAvIra se dIkSA grahaNa kI aura zramaNI saMgha kA saMcAlana karate hue nirvANa prApta kiyaa|" dakSiNa kI ora candanavAlA ko dhanAvaha kA paira dhote hue dikhAyA gayA hai| nIce 'candanabAlA' abhilikhita hai| dhanAvaha eka yahi kI sahAyatA se candanA kI bikharI kezarAzi ko uThA rahA hai| agale dRzya meM candanavAlA eka kamare meM banda hai aura usake samIpa muni kI eka AkRti khar3I hai| muni svayaM mahAvIra haiN| muni ke eka hAtha meM mukhapaTTikA hai aura dUsarA vyAkhyAna mudrA meM hai| candanavAlA muni ko bhikSA dene kI mudrA meM nirUpita hai| donoM AkRtiyoM ke nIce kramazaH 'candanabAlA' aura 'mahAvIra' abhilikhita haiN| Age namaskAra - mudrA meM indra kI eka mUrti hai| pUrva kI ora mahAvIra kI eka mUrti hai| mahAvIra do vRkSoM ke madhya dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| nIce 'samavasaraNa zrImahAvIra' abhilikhita hai / Age mahAvIra kI eka kAyotsarga mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai / candanA ke muNDita mastaka para lambI kezarAzi abhivAdana kiyA / jaba mahAvIra ko kevala -jJAna kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI pazcimI bhramikA ke vitAna ke dRzya kucha navInatAoM ke atirikta mahAvIra mandira ke dRzyAMkana ke samAna haiM ( citra 49 ) / sampUrNa dRzyAMkana cAra AyatoM meM vibhakta haiN| bAhara se prathama Ayata meM pUrva, pazcima aura dakSiNa kI ora mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM ke vistRta aMkana haiN| pUrva meM bharata cakravartI aura unake putra mArIci (tIsarAbhava ) kI AkRtiyAM haiM / mArIci kI sAdhu ke rUpa meM bhI eka AkRti hai / dakSiNa kI ora vizvabhUti ( 16vAM bhava) ke jIvana kI eka ghaTanA citrita hai| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki jaina zrAvaka ke rUpa meM vicaraNa karate hue vizvabhUti kisI samaya mathurA pahuMce aura vahAM eka gAya ke dhakke se gira pdd'e| isa para unake bhAI vizAlanandina ne vizvabhUti kI zakti kA parihAsa kiyaa| isa bAta se vizvabhUti kroSita hue aura unhoMne usa gAya ko kevala zRMga se pakar3akara niyaMtraNa meM kara liyaa| dRzya meM vizvabhUti eka gAya kA zrRMga pakar3e hue haiN| nIce 'vizvabhUti' utkIrNa hai| samIpa hI eka anya gAya aura puruSa AkRtiyAM banI haiN| Age nayasAra ke jIva ko devatA ke rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| devatA ke samakSa hala aura musala se yukta eka AkRti khar3I hai| pazcima kI ora tripRSTha kI kathA citrita hai / eka kAyotsargaM AkRti ke samIpa siMha aura tripRSTha kI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yaha siMha aura tripRSTha ke yuddha kA citraNa hai| Age tripRSTha aura zayyApAlaka kI mUrtiyAM haiN| zayyApAlaka namaskAra - mudrA meM khar3A hai aura tripRSTha usake mastaka para prahAra kara rahe haiN| yaha zayyApAlaka ko daNDita karane kA dRzya hai / samIpa hI eka nartakI aura vAdyavAdana karatI do AkRtiyAM bhI nirUpita haiN| Age priyamitra cakravartI ( 22vAM bhava) kI AkRti hai / 1 vi0za0pu0ca0 10.4.516-600 2 pri00pu00 10.1.86 - 107

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 143 uttara kI ora siddhArtha aura trizalA kI vArtAlApa karatI, trizalA kI zayyA para akelI aura zizu ke sAtha leTo. mahAvIra ke janma-abhiSeka evaM bAlyakAla kI ghaTanAoM se sambandhita mUrtiyAM haiN| bAlyakAla kI ghaTanAoM ke citraNa meM sabase pahale mahAvIra ko eka puruSa AkRti ko pITha para baiThe hue dikhAyA gayA hai| mahAvIra kI eka bhujA meM sambhavataH cAbuka hai| AkRti ke nIce 'vIra' utkIrNa hai| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra indra devatAoM se kumAra mahAvIra kI nirmayatA kI prazaMsA kara rahe the| isa para eka devatA ne mahAvIra kI zakti-parIkSA lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| devatA mahAvIra ke krIr3A-sthala para aayaa| usa samaya mahAvIra saMkulI aura tindusaka khela khela rahe the| saMkulI khela meM kisI vakSa vizeSa ko lakSita kara bAlaka usa ora daur3ate haiM aura jo bAlaka sabase pahale usa vRkSa para car3hakara nIce utara AtA hai vaha vijayI mAnA jAtA hai, aura vijetA parAjita bAlaka ke kandhoM para car3hakara usa sthAna taka jAtA hai, jahAM se daur3a prArambha huI hotI hai| devatA viSadhara sarpa kA svarUpa dhAraNa kara vRkSa ke tane para lipaTa gyaa| sabhI bAlaka sarpa se Dara gaye para mahAbora ne niHzaMka bhAva se usa sarpa ko pakar3akara rajju kI taraha eka ora pheMka diyaa| devatA ne bAlaka kA rUpa dhAraNa kara daur3a ke khela meM bhI bhAga liyA, para mahAvIra se parAjita huaa| mahAvIra niyamAnusAra usa devt| para ArUr3ha hokara vRkSa se khela ke mUla sthAna taka aaye|' dRzya meM eka bAlaka kI pITha para mahAvIra baiThe haiN| samIpa hI eka vRkSa utkIrNa hai jisake pAsa mahAvIra khar3e haiM aura eka sarpa ko pheMka rahe haiM / nIce 'vIra' utkIrNa hai| Age vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM kumAra mahAvIra aura siddhArtha kI mUrtiyAM haiN| samIpa hI mahAvIra kI dIkSA kA dRzya utkIrNa hai| dIkSA ke pUrva mahAvIra ko dAna dete hue aura eka zivikA meM baiThakara dIkSA-sthala kI ora jAte hae dikhAyA gayA hai| tIsare Ayata meM (pUrva kI ora) mahAvIra ko dhyAnamudrA meM baiThe aura dAhinI bhujA se kezoM kA laMcana karate hA dikhAyA gayA hai| dAhine pAvaM kI indra ko AkRti eka pAtra meM lucita kezoM ko saMcita kara rahI hai| Age mahAvIra kI cAra kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiM jo mahAvIra kI tapasyA kA citraNa hai| samIpa hI kAyotsarga meM khar3I mahAvIra-mati ke zIrSa bhAga meM eka cakra utkIrNa hai aura unake jAnu ke nIce kA bhAga nahIM pradarzita hai| bAyIM ora do strI-puruSa AkRtiyAM khar3I haiN| yaha saMgama deva dvArA mahAvIra para kAlacakra (18 vAM upasarga) calAye jAne kA mUrta aMkana hai| smaraNIya hai ki kAlacakra ke prabhAva se mahAvIra ke ghuTanoM taka kA bhAga bhUmi meM praviSTa ho gayA thaa| isI kAraNa mUrti meM bhI mahAvIra ke jAnu ke nIce kA bhAga nahIM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / bAyeM kone para kSamAyAcanA kI mudrA meM saMgama deva kI mUrti hai| dakSiNa kI ora (dAhine) candanabAlA kI kathA utkIrNa hai| eka maNDapa meM caturbhuja indra AsIna haiN| samIpa hI mahAbora kI kAyotsarga meM tapasyArata evaM munirUpa meM daNDa se yukta mUrtiyAM haiN| Age candanabAlA dhanAvaha kA paira dho rahI hai / dhanAvaha eka yaSTi se candanabAlA kI bikharI kezarAzi ko uThAye hai| AkRtiyoM ke nIce 'zreSThI' aura 'candanabAlA' utkIrNa hai| candanabAlA ke samIpa zreSThI-patnI mUlA Azcarya se yaha dRzya dekha rahI hai| Age candanabAlA ko eka kamare meM banda aura mahAvIra ko bhikSA dete hue nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| AkRtiyoM ke nIce 'candanabAlA' aura 'vIra' likhA hai| samIpa hI isa mahAdAna para prasannatA vyakta karatI huI AkRtiyAM aMkita haiN| vitAna para mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa nahI utkIrNa hai| kalpasatra ke citroM meM mahAvIra ke pUrvabhavoM, paMkalyANakoM, upasargoM evaM devAnandA ke garbha se trizalA ke garbha meM sthAnAMtaraNa ke vistRta aMkana haiN| eka citra meM mahAvIra siddharUpa meM pradarzita haiM / siddharUpa meM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna aura vibhinna alaMkaraNoM se yukta haiN| agale citroM meM mahAvIra ke pramukha gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama aura mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke bAda dIpAvalI kA utsava manAne ke aMkana haiN| 1 triza0pu0ca0 10.2.88-124 3 brAuna, DablyU0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 11-44 2 hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 389

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144 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna dakSiNa bhArata - dakSiNa bhArata se paryApta saMkhyA meM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM adhikAMzataH mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI ke niyamita citraNa prApta hote haiN| bAdAmI kI guphA 4 meM mahAvIra kI sAtavIM zatI I0 kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI aura parikara meM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM | mahAvIra ke kandhoM para jaTAeM bhI pradarzita haiN| elorA kI jaina guphAoM (30, 31, 32, 33, 34 ) meM bhI mahAvIra kI kaI mUrtiyAM (9vIM - 11vIM zatI I0) haiN| inameM mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura unake yakSayakSI ke rUpa meM gajArUr3ha sarvAnubhUti evaM siMhavAhanA ambikA nirUpita haiM / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI eka mUrti bambaI ke harIdAsa svAlI saMgraha meM hai / do kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haidarAbAda saMgrahAlaya meM haiM / ina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM 23 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| tIna mUrtiyAM madrAsa gavarnamenTa myUz2iyama meM haiM / " do udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI aura eka udAharaNa meM 23 choTI jina AkRtiyAM banI haiN| dakSiNa bhArata se milI la0 navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dhyAnastha mUrti perisa saMgrahAlaya (myUje gIme) meM hai / mUrti kI pIThikA para siMha lAMchana aura parikara meM sAta sarpaphaNoM vAle pArzvanAtha aura bAhubalI kI kAyotsargaM mUrtiyAM aMkita haiM / vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata meM RSabha aura pArzva ke bAda mahAvIra hI sarvAdhika lokapriya the / gupta yuga meM mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana kA pradarzana prArambha huA / bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI kI la0 chaThIM zatI I0 kI mUrti (161 ) isakA prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa hai| mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana prArambha huA / yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta dasavIM zatI I0 kI sabhI mahAvIra mUtiyAM uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza meM devagar3ha, gyArasapura, khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 808) meM haiM / mUrta aMkanoM meM mahAvIra ke yakSa-yakSI kA pAramparika yA koI svatantra svarUpa kabhI bhI sthira nahIM ho sakA / kevala devagar3ha, khajurAho, gyArasapura evaM rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| bihAra, ur3IsA aura baMgAla gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSo sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / aSTa-prAtihAryo, navagrahoM evaM laghu jina AkRtiyoM ke citraNa sabhI kSetroM meM lokapriya the / mahAvIra kI jIvantasvAmI mUrtiyoM aura unake jIvanadRzyoM ke aMkana kevala gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara sthaloM se hI mile haiM / " ajamera (279) kI hI kucha mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI utkIrNaM hI nahIM / dvitIrthI-jina-mUrtiyAM dvitIrthI jina mUrtiyoM se Azaya una mUrtiyoM se hai jinameM do jina-mUrtiyAM sAtha-sAtha utkIrNa haiM / aisI jina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa paramparA sammata nahIM hai, kyoMki jaina granthoM meM hameM dvitIrthI jina mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM kisI prakAra ke ullekha nahIM milte| ina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya huA hai / inake udAharaNa kevala digaMbara sthaloM se hI mile haiM / sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM khajurAho aura devagar3ha meM haiN| lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para dvitIrthI jina mUrtiyoM 1 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha e 21- 60, 61 2 gupte, Ara0esa0 tathA mahAjana, bI0DI0, ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kevsa, bambaI, 1962, pR0129-223 3 zAha, yU0pI0, 'jaina bronjez2a ina harIdAsa svAlIja kalekzana', bu0pra0ve0 myU0 ve0iM0, aM0 9, pR0 47-49 4 rAva, esa0eca0, 'jainijma ina di Dakana', ja0I0 hi0, khaM0 26, bhAga 1 - 3, pR0 45-49 5 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, jaina mAnyumenTsa aiNDa pleseja oNva pharsTa klAsa impArTensa, kalakattA, 1944, pR0 64-66 6 jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 563 7 rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (279 ) kI mahAvIra mUrti isakA apavAda hai / 8 mathurA kA kuSANakAlIna phalaka ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 626) isakA apavAda hai /

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 145 ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga kI mUrtiyoM meM eka hI jina kI do AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| isa varga meM kevala traSabha, supArzva evaM pArzva kI hI mUrtiyAM haiN| dUsare varga meM lAMchana vihIna jinoM kI do mUrtiyAM banI haiN| isa prakAra pahale aura dUsare vargoM kI dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM kA uddezya eka hI jina kI do AkRtiyoM kA utkIrNana thaa| tIsare varga meM bhinna lAMchanoM vAlI do jina mUrtiyAM nirUpita haiN| isa varga kI matiyoM kA uddezya sambhavataH do bhinna jinoM ko eka sthAna para sAtha-sAtha pratiSThita karanA thaa| sabhI vargoM kI mUrtiyoM meM donoM jina AkRtiyAM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM nirvastra khar3I haiN| jina mUrtiyAM dharmacakra se yakta siMhAsana yA sAdhAraNa pIThikA para utkIrNa haiN| pratyeka jina do pArzvavartI cAmaradharoM, upAsakoM, ur3IyamAna mAlAdharoM, gajoM evaM trichatra, azokavRkSa, bhAmaNDala aura dundubhivAdaka kI AkRtiyoM se yukta haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM cAra ke sthAna para kevala tIna hI cAmaradharoM evaM uDDoyamAna mAlAdharoM kI AkRtiyAM utkINita haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 meM jinoM ke lAMchana evaM gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke utkIrNana prArambha hue| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti khaNDagiri kI guphA se milI hai aura samprati briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana (99) meM surakSita hai (citra 60) / jinoM kI pIThikAoM para vRSabha aura siMha lAMchana utkIrNa haiN| isa prakAra yaha RSabha aura mahAvIra kI dvitIrthI mUrti hai| RSabha jaTAmukuTa se zobhita haiM para mahAvIra kI kezaracanA gucchakoM ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai / aluArA (mAnabhUma) se prApta gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10682) meM hai| lAMchanoM ke AdhAra para jinoM kI pahacAna RSabha aura mahAvIra se sambhava hai| khajurAho se dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI nau mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 61,63) / sabhI meM aSTaprAtihAyaM pradarzita haiM / khajurAho kI dvitIrthI-jina-mUrtiyoM kI eka pramukha vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve lAMchanoM se rahita haiN| kevala zAntinAtha mandira ke AhAte kI eka mUrti meM hI lAMchana pradarzita haiN| isa sandarbha meM jJAtavya hai ki dasavIM zatI I0 taka khajurAho ke kalAkAra sabhI jinoM ke lAMchanoM se paricita ho cuke the, aura isa pariprekSya meM dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM kA abhAva Azcaryajanaka pratIta hotA hai| ATha udAharaNoM meM pratyeka jina mUrti ke siMhAsana-choroM para dvibhuja yA caturbhuja yakSayakSI nirUpita haiM / dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA padma) aura jalapAtra (yA phala) pradarzita haiN| pAMca udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiN| caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI kI bhujAoM meM sAmAnyataH abhayamudrA, padma (yA zakti), padma (yA padma se lipaTI pustikA) evaM phala (yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiN| dvitIrthoM mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM choTI jina AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM navI se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI 50 se adhika dvitIrthI mUrtiyAM haiN| sAmAnyataH prArihAryoM se yakta jina AkRtiyAM sAdhAraNa pIThikA yA siMhAsana para khar3I haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM jinoM ke lAMchana evaM parikara meM choTI jina matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM kevala pahale aura tIsare varga kI hI dvitIrthI mUrtiyAM haiN| pahale varga kI matiyoM meM laTakatI jaTAoM" yA pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se zobhita RSabha, supArzva evaM pAvaM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| . 1 do AkRtiyAM mUrti ke choroM para aura eka donoM jinoM ke madhya meM utkIrNa haiN| 2 candA, Ara0 pI0, meDivala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, vArANasI, 1972 (pu0mu0), pR0 71 3 prasAda, eca0 ke0, pU0ni0, pR0 286 4 6 mUrtiyAM zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya (ke 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31) meM haiM, aura zeSa tIna kramazaH zAntinAtha mandira, mandira 3 aura purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1653) meM haiN| 5 eka jina ke Asana para gaja-lAMchana (ajitanAtha) utkIrNa hai para dUsare jina kA lAMchana spaSTa nahIM hai| 6 kevala zAntinAtha mandira kI 11vIM zatI I0 kI mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI anupasthita haiN| 7 cAra udAharaNa 8 do udAharaNa : mandira 12 ko pazcimI cahAradIvArI evaM mandira 17 9 dasa udAharaNa

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146 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna tIsare varga kI mUrtiyoM meM do bhinna lAMchanoM vAlI mUrtiyAM haiN| isa varga kI adhikAMza mUrtiyAM gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI hai / isa varga kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArva, zItala, vimala, zAnti, kuMthu, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM haiN| mandira 1 kI mUrti meM vimala aura kuMthu ke zUkara aura aja lAMchana (citra 62), mandira 3 kI mUrti meM ajita aura sambhava ke gaja aura azva lAMchana, mandira 4 kI mUrti meM abhinandana aura sumati ke kapi aura krauMca lAMchana, aura mandira 12 kI pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI mUrti meM zAnti aura supArzva ke mRga aura svastika lAMchana aMkita haiN| mandira 12 kI uttarI cahAradIvArI para gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI kaI mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM RSabha, mahAvIra, padmaprabha aura nami kI matiyAM haiN| mandira 8 kI mUrti meM supAkheM aura pArzva kI svastika aura sarpa lAMchana se yukta mUrtiyAM haiM / supAva aura pArzva ke mastakoM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra nahIM pradarzita haiN| yakSa-yakSI yugala kevala do hI udAharaNoM 'mandira 19, la0 11vIM zatI I0) meM nirUpita haiN| eka mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI dvibhuja haiM aura unake karoM meM abhayamudrA (gadA) evaM phala pradarzita haiN| dUsarI dvitIrthI mUrti RSama aura ajita kI haiM / ajita ke sAtha paramparAviruddha gomukha aura cakrezvarI nirUpita haiN| dvibhuja gomukha kI bhujAoM meM parazu aura phala haiN| garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| RSabha ke dvibhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura padma haiN| RSabha kI caturbhujA yakSI ke avaziSTa hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura padma haiM / isa mUrti ke parikara meM pAzrvanAtha kI laghu AkRti u kIrNa hai| mandira 19 kI ina donoM hI mUrtiyoM meM kevala eka hI trichatra, dundubhivAdaka evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara bane haiN| tona udAharaNoM meM paMktibaddha grahoM kI dvibhuja mUrtiyAM bhI banI haiN| mandira 12 ke pradakSiNA-patha kI mUrvi meM sUrya utkUTikAsana meM virAjamAna haiM aura unake donoM karoM meM sanAla padma haiM / anya chaha graha lalitamudrA meM AsIna haiM aura unake karoM meM abhayamudrA aura kalaza pradarzita haiN| UrdhvakAya rAhu ke samIpa sapaMphaNa se zobhita ketu kI AkRti utkIrNa hai / pAvaM kI dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM meM mUrti ke choroM para eka sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta do chatradhAriNI sevikAeM nirUpita haiN| chatra ke zIrSa bhAga donoM jinoM ke sapaMphaNoM ke Upara pradarzita haiN|" ina mUrtiyoM meM trichatra nahIM pradarzita haiN| pArzva kI kucha dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM (mandira 8) meM eka sarpaphaNa ke chatra se yukta tIna cAmaradhara sevaka bhI AmUrtita haiN| mandira 17 aura 18 kI pArzva kI do dvitIrthI mUrtiyoM (10vIM zatI I0) meM pratyeka jina ke pAzvoM meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta strIpuruSa sevaka Amatita hai / bAyIM ora ko sevikA ke hAthoM meM lambA chatra hai para puruSa ke hAthA meM abhayamudrA aura cAmara haiN| tritIrtho-jina-mUrtiyAM dvitIrthI jina matiyoM kI zailI para hI tritIrthI jina matiyAM utkIrNa huI, jinameM do ke sthAna para tIna jinoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI jina kAyotsarga-mudrA meM nirvastra khar3e haiN| inameM aSTa-prAtihArya bhI utkIrNa haiN| jaina granthoM meM tritIrthI jina mUrtiyoM ke sambandha meM bhI koI ullekha nahIM prApta hotaa| tritIrthI mUrtiyAM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya utkIrNa huiiN| inake udAharaNa kevala digaMbara sthaloM (devagar3ha evaM khajurAho) se hI mile haiN| tritIrthI mUrtiyoM meM sarvadA tIna alaga-alaga jinoM kI hI mUtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 1 supArzva ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM kA chatra nahIM hai| 2 mandira (12 pradakSiNApatha), mandira 16, m| dara 12 (cahAradIvArI) 3 mandira 12 kI dakSiNI cahAradIvArI aura mandira 16 ko dvitoAM mUrtiyoM meM sUrya, rAhu, ketu evaM eka anya grahoM ___ kI mUrtiyAM nahIM utkIrNa haiM / mandira 16 kI mUrti meM rAhu upasthita hai| 4 mandira 12 ko pazcimI cahAradIvArI aura mandira 8 kI 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyAM 5 kucha udAharaNoM (mandira 12 evaM 17) meM sevikAoM kI bhujAoM meM chatra ke sthAna para kevala daNDa pradarzita haiN|

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jina-prati mAvijJAna 147 khajurAho meM kevala eka tritIrthI mUrti (mandira 8) hai / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI isa mUrti meM nemi, pArzva aura mahAvIra kI matiyAM nirUpita haiN| devagar3ha meM 20 se adhika tritIrthI matiyAM haiN| devagaDha kI tritIrthI jina matiyoM ko lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM aisI matiyAM haiM jinameM tIna jinoM ko kAyotsarga-mRdrA meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| dUsare varga meM aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM madhyavartI jina dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM. para pArzvavarto jina AkRtiyAM kAyotsarga meM khar3I haiM / tIsare varga meM aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM kAyotsarga meM khar3I do jina matiyoM ke sAtha tIsarI AkRti sarasvatI yA bharata cakravartI kI hai| inameM jina kI tIsarI AkRti mUrti ke kisI anya chora para utkIrNa hai| jinoM ke sAtha sarasvatI evaM bharata ke nirUpaNa sambhavataH unakI pratiSThA meM vRddhi aura unheM jinoM se samakakSa pratiSThita karane ke prayAsa ke sUcaka haiM / pahale varga kI dasavIM zatII0 kI eka mati mandira 12 kI uttarI cahAradIvArI para hai| isa mati meM zaMkha, sarpa evaM siMha lAMchanoM se yukta nemi, pAva evaM mahAvIra nirUpita haiN| pAvaM ke sAtha sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra aura nemi tathA mahAvIra ke nIce unake nAma bhI utkIrNa haiN|' mandira 3 meM kapi, puSpa evaM padma lAMchanoM se yakta abhinandana, padmaprabha aura nami kI eka tritIrthI mUrti (11vIM zatII0) hai / mandira 1 kI bhitti para gyArahavIM zatoI0 kI ATha tritIrthI mUrtiyAM haiM / eka meM lAMchana kapi (abhinandana), gaja (ajita) aura azva (sambhava) haiM / dUsarI meM eka jina ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra (supAzva) hai aura dUsare jina kA lAMchana zaMkha (nemi) hai, para tIsare jina kA lAMchana spaSTa nahIM hai| tIsarI mati meM do jinoM ke lAMchana mRga (zAnti) evaM bakarA (kuMthu) haiM, para tIsare jina kA lAMchana spaSTa nahIM aura cauthI mati meM lAMchana sarpa (pArzva), svastika (supAva) aura koI pazu (?) haiN| supAzrva aura pAzvaM kramazaH pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se bho yukta haiN| pAMcavIM mUrti meM kevala eka hI jina kA lAMchana spaSTa hai, jo ardhacandra (candraprabha) hai| chaThI mati meM lAMchana svastika (supArzva), puSpa (puSpadanta) aura aja (? kuMthu) haiN| supArzva ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM kA chatra nahIM hai isa mati ke bAyeM chora para jaina AcAryoM kI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI sAtavIM mUrti meM bhI bAyIM ora jaina AcAryoM kI tIna mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / isa udAharaNa meM jinoM ke lAMchana spaSTa nahIM haiM / AThavIM mUrti meM bhI jinoM ke lAMchana spaSTa nahIM haiM / kevala sAta sarpaphaNoM ke zirastrANa se yukta eka jina kI pahacAna pArzva se sambhava hai| isa mUrti ke dAhine chora para yakSa-yakSI aura lAMchana se yukta mahAvIra ko eka mati hai| dUsare varga kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti mandira 29 ke zikhara para hai (citra 64) / sabhI jinoM ke sAtha dvibhaja yakSa yakSI nirUpita haiN| madhya kI dhyAnastha mUrti ke sAtha lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa hai para yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM, jinake AdhAra para jina kI pahacAna nemi se kI jA sakatI hai / nemi ke dakSiNa evaM vAma pAvoM meM kramazaH pArzvanAtha aura supArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyAM haiN| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti mandira 1 kI mitti para hai| madhya meM yakSa-yakSI se veSTita candraprabha kI dhyAnastha mUrti hai / candraprabha ke donoM ora supAva aura pArva ko kAyotsarga mUtiyAM haiN| tIsare varga kI kevala do hI mUrtiyAM (11vIM zatI I0) haiN| mandira 2 kI pahalI mUrti meM bAyeM chora para bAhabalI kI kAyotsarga mUrti hai (citra 75) / eka ora bharata kI bhI kAyotsarga mUrti banI hai| jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki RSabhapatra bharata ne jIvana ke antima dinoM meM dIkSA grahaNa kara tapasyA kI thii| bharata-mUrti kI pIThikA para gaja, azva, cakra, ghaTa, khaDaga evaM vajra utkIrNa haiM, jo cakravartI ke lakSaNa haiN| mUrti kI jina AkRtiyoM kI pahacAna lAMchanoM ke abhAva meM sambhava nahIM hai| mandira 1 kI dUsarI mUrti meM ajita aura sambhava ke sAtha vAgdevI sarasvatI kI caturbhujI mUrti utkIrNa hai (citra 65) / mayUravAhanA sarasvatI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, akSamAlA, padma aura pUstaka haiN| tIsarI jina AkRti kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| 1 tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'aina anpablizDa tritIrthika jina imeja phrAma devagar3ha', jaina jarnala, khaM0 11, aM0 2, __ aktUbara 76, pR0 73-74 2 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'yU yUnika tritIthika jina imeja phrAma devagar3ha', lalitakalA, aM. 17, pR0 41-42

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148 sarvatobhadrakA jina mUtiyAM yA jina caumukhI pratimA sarvatobhadrikA yA sarvatobhadra pratimA kA artha hai vaha pratimA jo sabhI ora se zubha yA maMgalakArI hai, arthAt aisA zilpakAryaM jisameM eka hI zilAkhaNDa meM cAroM ora cAra pratimAeM nirUpita hoM / pahalI zatI I0 meM mathurA meM inakA nirmANa prArambha huA / ina mUrtiyoM meM cAroM dizAoM meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / ye mUrtiyAM yA to eka hI jina kI yA alaga-alaga jinoM kI hotI haiN| aisI mUrtiyoM ko catubimba, jina caumukhI aura caturmukha bhI kahA gayA R aisI pratimAeM digaMbara sthaloM para vizeSa lokapriya thIM / [ jaina pratimAvijJAna jina caumukhI kI dhAraNA ko vidvAnoM ne jina samavasaraNa kI prArambhika kalpanA para AdhArita aura usameM hue vikAsa kA sUcaka mAnA hai / para isa prabhAva ko svIkAra karane meM kaI kaThinAIyAM haiM / samavasaraNa vaha devanirmita sabhA hai, jahAM pratyeka jina kaivalya prApti ke bAda apanA prathama upadeza dete haiM / samavasaraNa tIna prAcIroM vAlA bhavana hai jisake UparI bhAga meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM se yukta jina dhyAnamudrA meM (pUrvAbhimukha ) virAjamAna hote haiN| sabhI dizAoM ke zrotA jina kA darzana kara sakeM, isa uddezya se vyaMtara devoM ne anya tIna dizAoM meM bhI usI jina kI pratimAeM sthApita kI / yaha ullekha sarvaprathama AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 ke jaina granthoM meM prApta hotA hai| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM cAra dizAoM meM cAra jina mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA / aisI sthiti meM kuSANakAlIna jina caumukhI meM cAra alaga-alaga jinoM ke utkIrNana ko samavasaraNa kI dhAraNA se prabhAvita aura usameM hue kisI vikAsa kA sUcaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 ke granthoM meM bhI samavasaraNa meM kisI eka hI jina ko cAra mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa kA ullekha hai, jaba ki kuSANakAlIna caumukhI meM cAra alaga-alaga jinoM ko citrita kiyA gayA / " samavasaraNa meM jina sadaiva dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna hote haiM, jaba ki kuSANakAlIna caumukhI jina mUrtiyAM kAyotsarga meM khar3I haiN| jahAM hameM samakAlIna jaina granthoM meM jina caumukhI mUrti kI kalpanA kA nizcita AdhAra nahIM prApta hotA hai, vahIM tatkAlIna aura pUrvavartI zilpa meM aise ekamukha aura bahumukha zivaliMga evaM yakSa mUrtiyAM prApta hotI haiM jinase jina caumukhI kI dhAraNA ke prabhAvita hone kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai / hai 1 vistAra ke lie draSTavya, epi 0iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 202-03, 210 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 48; agravAla, vI0 esa0 pU0ni0, pR0 27; de, sudhIna, 'caumukha e simbAlika jaina ArTa', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, pR0 27; pANDeya, dInabandhu, 'pratimA sarvatobhadrikA', rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM 28 aura 29 janavarI 1972 ko jaina kalA para hue saMgoSThI meM par3hA lekha; tivArI, ema0 ena0pI0, 'sarvatobhadrikA jina mUrtiyAM yA jina - caumukhI', saMbodhi, khaM0 8, aM0 1-4 apraila 79 - janavarI 80, pR0 1-7 2 epi0 iNDi - khaM0 2, pR0 211, lekha 41 1 3 sTa0 je0 A0, pR0 94-95 de, sudhIna, pU0ni0, pR0 27 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 45 4 tri0 za0pu0ca0 1.3.421-686; bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, 'jaina AikanogrAphI - samavasaraNa', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM 40, pR0 125 - 30 5 mathurA kI 1023 I0 kI eka caumukhI mUrti meM hI sarvaprathama samavasaraNa kI dhAraNA ko abhivyakti milii| pIThikAlekha meM ullekha hai ki yaha mahAvIra kI jina caumukhI hai (vardhamAnazcatubimba: ) - draSTavya, epi0 iNDi0, khaM0 2, pR0 211, lekha 41 6 mathurA se kuSANakAlIna ekamukha aura paMcamukha zivaliMgoM ke udAharaNa mile haiN| guDImallama ( dakSiNa bhArata) ke pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ke zivaliMga meM liMgama ke samakSa sthAnaka - mudrA meM ziva kI mAnavAkRti utkIrNa hai-- draSTavya, banarjI, je0 ena0, di DIvalapameNTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, pR0 461; bhaTTAcArya, bI0sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 48; zukla, DI0 ena0, pratimAvijJAna, lakhanaU, 1956, pR0 315 7 rAjaghATa (vArANasI) se milI paravartI zuMgakAlIna eka trimukha yakSa mUrti meM tIna dizAoM meM yakSa AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM-- draSTavya, agravAla, pI0 ke0, 'di Tripala yakSa sTaicU phrAma rAjaghATa', chavi, vArANasI, 1971, pR0 340-42

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jina-pratimAvijJAna ] 149 jina caumukhI para svastika tathA maurya zAsaka azAka ke siMha evaM vRSabha stambha zIrSoM kA bhI kucha prabhAva asambhava nahIM hai| azoka kA sAranAtha-siMha-zoSa-stambha isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / jina caumukhI pratimAoM ko mukhyataH do vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM eka hI jina kI cAra mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| dUsare varga kI mUrtiyoM meM cAra alaga-alaga jinoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| pahale varga kI matiyoM kA utkIrNana la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| kintu dUsare varga kI mUrtiyAM pahalI zatI I0 se hI banane lagI thiiN| mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyAM isI dUsare varga ko haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pahale varga kI mUrtiyAM saMkhyA meM bahuta kama haiN| pahale varga kI mUrtiyoM meM jinoM ke lAMchana sAmAnyataH nahIM pradarzita haiN| prArambhika mUrtiyAM prAcInatama jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM kuSANakAla kI haiN| mathurA se ina mUrtiyoM ke 15 udAharaNa mile haiM (citra 66) / sabho meM cAra jina AkRtiyAM sAdhAraNa pIThikA para kAyotsarga meM khar3I haiN| zrIvatsa se yukta sabhI jina nirvastra haiM (citra 73) / cAra meM se kevala do ho jinoM kI pahacAna jaTAoM ora sAta sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI ke AdhAra para kramazaH RSabha aura pAva se sambhava hai| kuSANakAlIna jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM upAsakoM evaM bhAmaNDala ke atirikta anya koI bhI prAtihArya nahIM utkIrNa hai| guptakAla meM jina caumukhI kA utkIrNana lokapriya nahIM pratIta hotA / hameM isa kAla kI kevala eka mUrti mathurA se jJAta hai jo purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI 68) meM surakSita hai / kuSANakAlIna mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI isameM bhI kebala RSabha evaM pArzva kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai| pUrvamadhyayugIna mUrtiyAM jinoM ke svatantra lAMchanoM ke nirdhAraNa ke sAtha hI la. AThavIM zatI I0 se jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM ke utkIrNana kI paramparA prArambha huii| aisI eka prArambhika mUrti rAjagira ke sonabhaNDAra guphA meM hai| bihAra aura baMgAla kI caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha svatantra lAMchanoM kA utkIrNana vizeSa lokapriya thA / anya kSetroM meM sAmAnyataH kuSANakAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyoM ke samAna kevala do hI jinoM (RSabha evaM pAva) kI pahacAna sambhava hai| caumakhI matiyoM meM RSabha aura pArzva ke atirikta ajita, sambhava, supAvaM, candraprabha, nemi, zAnti aura mahAvIra kI matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| la0 AThavIM-navI zatI I0 meM jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM kucha anya vizeSatAeM bhI pradarzita hii| caumakhI matiyoM meM cAra pramukha jinoM ke sAtha hI laghu jina mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana bhI prArambha huaa| laghu jina mUrtiyoM ko saMkhyA sadaiva ghaTatI-baDhatI rahI hai| inameM kabhI-kabhI 20 yA 48 choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jo cAra mukhya jinoM ke sAtha milakara kramaza: jina cauvIsI aura nandIzvara dvIpa ke bhAva ko vyakta karatI haiN| cAroM pramukha jina mUrtiyoM ke sAtha sAmAnya prAtihAryoM evaM kabhI-kabhI yakSa-yakSI yugaloM aura navagrahoM ko bhI pradarzita kiyA jAne lgaa| sAtha hI caumukhI mUrtiyoM ke zIrSamAga choTe jinAlayoM ke rUpa meM nirmita hone lage, jinameM Amalaka aura kalaza bhI utkIrNa hue| kucha kSetra tr xxTA bhI utkIrNa he| kucha kSetroM meM caturmukha jinAlayoM kA bhI nirmANa huaa| caturmukha jinAlaya kA eka prArambhika udAharaNa (la0 9vIM zatI I0) pahAr3apura (baMgAla) se milA hai / yaha caumukha mandira cAra praveza-dvAroM se yakta hai aura isake madhya meM cAra jina pratimAeM utkIrNa haiN| la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka vizAla caumukha jinAlaya indaura (ganA. ma. pra.) meM hai (citra 69) / cAroM jina AkRtiyAM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM aura sAmAnya prAtihAryoM evaM 1 agravAla, vI0 esa0, iNDiyana ArTa, vArANasI, 1965, pR0 49-50, 232 2 ullekhanIya hai ki caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM jina adhikAMzataH kAyotsarga meM hI nirUpita haiN| 3 de, sudhIna, pU0ni0, pR0 27 4 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 82.32, 82.40

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta haiN| mUlanAyakoM ke parikara meM jinoM, sthApanA-yukta jaina AcAryoM evaM goda meM bAlaka liye strIpuruSa yugaloM kI kaI AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| la0 gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM stambhoM ke zIrSa bhAga meM bhI jina caumukhI kA utkIrNana prArambha huaa| aise do udAharaNa purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, gvAliyara evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (0.73) meM haiN| gujarAta-rAjasthAna-gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM zvetAMbara sthaloM para jina caumukhI kA utkIrNana vizeSa lokapriya nahIM thA / isa kSetra se donoM vargoM kI caumukhI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| dUsare varga kI mUrtiyoM meM mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyoM ke samAna kevala RSabha aura pAzvaM kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai| jaghInA (bharatapura) se prApta navoM zatI I0 kI eka digaMbara mUrti bharatapura rAjya saMgrahAlaya (3) meM hai| isameM jaTAoM se zobhita RSama kI cAra kAyotsarga matiyAM utkIrNa haiN| la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya (1672) evaM rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (493) meM haiN| inameM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna jinoM ke sAtha lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiN| akoTA se dUsare varga kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI tIna zvetAMbara mUrtiyAM milI haiN| matiyoM ke UparI bhAga zikhara ke rUpa meM nirmita haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM jina AkRtiyAM dhyAnamudrA meM baiThI haiN| inameM kevala RSabha evaM pAvaM kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti vimalavasahI kI devakUlikA 17 meM sarakSita hai| yahAM jinoM ke lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiM para yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| yakSa-yakSI ke AdhAra para kevala do hI jinoM, RSabha evaM nemi, kI pahacAna sambhava hai| jinoM ke siMhAsanoM para caturbhuja zAntidevI aura toraNoM para prajJapti, vajrAMkuzI. acchatA evaM mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-isa kSetra meM donoM vargoM kI caumukhI mUrtiyAM nirmita huii| para dUsare varga kI matiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai / prathama varga kI la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ko eka mUrti bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (77) meM hai| isameM sabhI jina nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga meM sAdhAraNa pIThikA para khar3e haiN| jinoM ke lAMchana nahIM utkIrNa haiN| pratyeka jina kI pIThikA para do choTI dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| kauzAmbI se milI eka mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (e0 ema0 943) meM hai / ' lAMchana vihIna cAroM jina mUrtiyAM kAyotsarga meM khar3I haiN| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI do anya mUrtiyAM kramazaH gvAliyara evaM mathurA (1529) saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita haiN| kaMkAlI TIlA, mathurA se milI aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 236) meM surakSita 1023 I0 kI eka mUrti meM dhyAnamudrA meM cAra jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| jinoM ke lAMchana nahIM pradarzita haiN| para pIThikA-lekha meM ise vardhamAna (mahAvIra) kA caturbimba batAyA gayA hai| mani kA zIrSa bhAga mandira ke zikhara ke rUpa meM nirmita hai| pratyeka jina siMhAsana, dharmacakra, trichatra evaM vRkSa kI pattiyoM se yukta haiN| baTezvara (AgarA) se milI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM hai| lAMchana rahita jina dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| pratyeka jina ke sAtha siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala, trichatra, dundubhivAdaka, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara evaM upAsaka Amatita haiN| devagaDha se isa varga kI pAMca mUrtiyAM milI haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM lAMchana vihIna jina matiyAM kAyotsarga meM utkIrNa haiN| 1 jaina, nIraja, 'purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, gvAliyara ko jaina mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 5, pR0 214 2 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citrasaMgraha 156.71, 156.68 3 zrIvAstava, vI0 esa0, keTalAga aiNDa gAiDa Tu gaMgA golDena jubilI vAlyUma, bIkAnera, bambaI, 1961, pR0 19 4 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR060-61, phalaka 70 e, 70 bI, 71 e 5 mUlanAyaka kI mUrtiyAM samprati surakSita nahIM haiN| 6 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 144 7 ThAkura, esa0 Ara0, keTalAga oNva skalpacarsa ina di AkialAjikala myUjiyama, gvAliyara, lazkara, pR0 20; agravAla, vI0 esa0pU0ni0,pR0 30 8 ye mUrtiyAM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI evaM mandira 15 se milI haiN|

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151 jina - pratimAvijJAna ] dUsare varga kI la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA ( bI 65 ) meM hai / cAroM jina dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiM / laTakatI jaTAoM, saptasarpa phaNoM kI chatrAvalI evaM sarvAnubhUti-ambikA kI AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para tIna jinoM kI pahacAna kramazaH RSabha, pArzva evaM nemi se sambhava hai / dUsare varga kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM (10vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) devagar3ha meM haiM / ' adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM jina kAyotsarga meM khar3e haiN| mUrtiyoM ke UparI bhAga sAmAnyataH zikhara ke rUpa meM nirmita haiM / jinoM ke sAtha siMhAsana, cAmaradhara, trichatra, dundubhivAdaka, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara, gaja evaM azoka vRkSa kI pattiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyoM meM cAroM jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiN| donoM mUrtiyAM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI ke mukhya praveza dvAra ke samIpa haiN| inameM kevala RSabha evaM pArzva kI hI pahacAna spaSTa hai / devagar3ha kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM kevala RSabha evaM pArathaM (yA supArzva ) kI pahacAna sambhava hai / sabhI jinoM ke sAtha lAMchana kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa haiM / mandira 26 ke samIpa kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna jina vRSabha, kapi, zazi evaM mRga lAMchanoM se yukta haiN| isa prakAra yaha RSabha, abhinandana, candraprabha evaM zAnti kI cokhI hai / : rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM sarAyaghATa (alIgar3ha) aura baTezvara (AgarA) se milI dasavIM zatI I0 kI do kAyotsargaM mUrtiyAM (je 813, jI 141) surakSita haiN| inameM kevala RSabha aura pArzva kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / eka mUrti meM ATha grahoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / aisI hI eka mUrti zahaDola (ma0 pra0) se bhI milI hai / isameM jina AkRtiyAM dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| eka mUrti ahAr3a (TIkamagar3ha, ma0 pra0; 11 vIM zatI I0) se milI hai (citra 67 ) / khajurAho se kevala eka hI mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) milI hai / yaha mUrti purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( 1588) meM / isameM sabho jina dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna haiN| jinoM meM kevala RSabha evaM pAra kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / pratyeka jina mUrti ke parikara meM 12 laghu jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / isa prakAra mukhya jinoM sahina isa caumukhI meM kula 52 jina AkRtiyAM haiM / " bihAra - ur3IsA - baMgAla - bihAra aura baMgAla se kevala dUsare varga kI hI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ur3IsA se milI kisI mUrti kI jAnakArI hameM nahIM hai / baMgAla meM jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM (10 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) kA utkIrNana vizeSa lokapriya thA / isa kSetra kI sabhI mUrtiyoM meM jina nirvastra haiM aura kAyotsarga - mudrA meM khar3e haiN| isa kSetra kI caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM kevala RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, candraprabha, zAnti, kuMthu, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI hI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI / rAjagira ke sonabhaNDAra guphA kI la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM jinoM ke lAMchana pIThikA ke dharmacakra ke donoM ora utkIrNa haiM / isa mUrti meM vartamAna avasarpiNI ke prathama cAra jina, RSabha, ajita, sambhava evaM abhinandana, AmUrtita haiN| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI satadeuliyA (bardavAna) se milI eka mUrti AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA meM surakSita hai / " mUrti kA UparI bhAga zikhara ke rUpa meM banA hai| cAroM dizAoM meM RSabha, candraprabha, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / baMgAla ke vibhinna sthaloM se prApta dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI kaI mUrtiyAM sTeTa 1 devagar3ha meM 25 se adhika mUrtiyAM haiN| adhikAMza mUrtiyAM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI para haiM / 2 mandira 12 kI eka mUrti meM RSabha evaM zAnti kI pahacAna sambhava hai / 3 mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti ( bI 66) meM bhI navagrahoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 4 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha 101.71, 101.73 5 digaMbara paramparA ke nandIzvara dvIpa paTTa para 52 jina AkRtiyAM utkIrNa hotI haiM- draSTavya, sTa0je0A0, pR0120 6 vistAra ke lie draSTavya, jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 2, pR0 267-75 7 kurezI, muhammada hamIda, rAjagira, pR0 28, ArkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, dillI, citrasaMgraha 1430.55 8 sarakAra, zivazaMkara, 'Ana sama jaina imejeja phrAma baMgAla', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 106, aM0 2, pR0 131

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152 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna AkialAjI gailarI, baMgAla meM haiN|' pakbIrA grAma (puruliyA) kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM RSabha, kuMthu, zAnti evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM (citra 68) / ambikAnagara (bAMkur3A) se prApta eka mUrti meM kevala RSabha, candraprabha evaM zAnti kI pahacAna sambhava hai| caturvizati-jina-paTTa catuvizati-jina-paTToM ke udAharaNa la0 dasavIM zatI I0 se prApta hote haiN| ina paTToM kI 24 jina mUrtiyAM sAmAnyataH prAtihAryoM, lAMchanoM evaM kabhI-kabho yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta haiN| devagar3ha meM isa prakAra kA gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka jina-paTTa hai jo sthAnIya sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai / paTTa do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| paTra kI sabhI jina AkRtiyAM lAMchanoM, prAvihAryoM evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM se yukta haiN| jina mUrtiyoM ke utkIrNana meM donoM mudrAeM-dhyAna aura kAyotsarga-prayukta huI hai| lAMchanoM ke spaSTa na hone ke kAraNa zItala, vAsupUjya, ananta, dharmanAtha, zAnti evaM ara kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / supArzva ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM kA chatra nahIM pradarzita hai aura lAMchana bhI svastika ke sthAna para sarpa hai| sabhI jinoM ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| inakI bhujAoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA evaM phala (yA padma yA kalaza) haiN| mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM jinoM ke pAramparika krama kA dhyAna nahIM rakhA gayA hai| kauzAmbI se prApta eka paTTa ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (506) meM hai|" paTTa para pAMca paMktiyoM meM 24 jinoM kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| jina-samavasaraNa samavasaraNa vaha devanirmita sabhA hai, jahAM devatA, manuSya evaM pazu jinoM ke upadezoM kA zravaNa karate haiN| kaivalya prApti ke bAda pratyeka jina apanA pahalA upadeza samavasaraNa meM hI dete haiN| mahApurANa ke anusAra samavasaraNoM kA nirmANa indra ne kiyA / sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke jaina granthoM meM jina samavasaraNoM ke vistRta ullekha haiN| para samavasaraNoM ke udAharaNa kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM se hI mile haiN| samavasaraNoM kA utkIrNana la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| samavasaraNoM ke svatantra udAharaNoM ke atirikta kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra evaM zAntinAtha mandiroM aura dilavAr3A ke vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI meM jinoM ke kaivalya prApti ke dRzya ko samavasaraNoM ke mAdhyama se hI vyakta kiyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM ke anusAra samavasaraNa tIna prAcIroM vAlA bhavana hai / isameM Upara (madhya meM) nyAnamudrA meM eka jina Akati (pUrvAbhimukha) baiThI hotI hai| sabhI dizAoM ke zrotA jina kA darzana kara sake, isa uddezya se byaMtara devoM ne anya tIna dizAoM meM bhI jina kI ratnamaya pratimAeM sthApita kI thiiN| samavasaraNa ke pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra pradeza-dvAroM tathA 1 de, sudhIna, pU0ni0, pR0 27-30 2 banarjI, e0, 'Treseja oNva jainijama ina baMgAla', ja0yU0pI0hi so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1-2, pR0 168 3 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0so0baM0, khaM0 24, aM0 2, pR0 133 4 lAMchana evaM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke Ayudha adhikAMzataH spaSTa nahIM haiN| 5 candra, pramoda, pU0ni0, pR0 147 6 kucha anya avasaroM para bhI devatAoM dvArA samavasaraNoM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| padmacarita (2.102) aura Avazyaka niyukti (gAthA 540-44) meM ullekha hai ki mahAvIra ke vipulagiri (rAjagRha) Agamana para eka samavasaraNa kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| 7 sTa00A0, pR0 85-95 8 tri00pu0ca0 1.3.421-77; bhaNDArakara, DI0Ara0pU0ni0, pR0125-30; sTa00A0, pR0 86-89 9 AdipurANa 23.92

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jina-pratimAvijJAna 153 unake samIpa vibhinna AyudhoM se yukta dvArapAla mUrtiyoM ke utkIrNana kA vidhAna hai| madhya ke prAcIra meM abhayamudrA, pAza, aMkuza aura mudgara dhAraNa karanevAlI jayA, vijayA, ajitA aura aparAjitA nAma kI deviyAM rahatI haiN| tIsare (nicale) prAcIra meM khaTvAMga evaM gale meM kapAla kI mAlA dhAraNa kiye hue dvArapAla (tumbarudeva), sAtha hI pazu, mAnava evaM deva AkRtiyAM utkIrNa hotI haiN| pahale (UparI) prAcIra ke dvAroM evaM bhittiyoM para vaimAnika, vyaMtara, jyotiSka evaM bhavanapati devoM aura sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko AkRtiyAM utkIrNa honI caahie| jaina paramparA ke anusAra jinoM ke samavasaraNoM meM sabhI ko praveza kA adhikAra prApta hai aura isa avasara para samavasaraNa meM upasthita hone vAle manuSyoM aura pazuoM meM Apasa meM kisI / / prakAra kA dveSa yA vaimanasya nahIM raha jaataa| iso bhAva ko pradarzita karane ke lie mUrta aMkanoM meM siMha-mRga, siMha-gaja, sarpanakula evaM mayura-sarpa jaise paraspara zatrubhAva vAle jIvoM ko sAtha-sAtha, Amane-sAmane, dikhAyA gayA hai / samavasaraNa meM hI indra ne jinoM ke zAsanadevatAoM (yakSa-yakSI) ko bhI niyukta kiyA thaa| samavasaraNoM ke citraNa meM uparyukta vizeSatAeM hI pradarzita haiM / sabhI samavasaraNa tIna vRttAkAra prAcIroM vAle bhavana ke rUpa meM nirmita haiN| inake UparI bhAga adhikAMzataH mandira ke zikhara ke rUpa meM pradarzita haiN| samavasaraNoM meM padmAsana meM baiThI jinoM kI cAra matiyAM bhI utkIrNa rahatI haiN| lAMchanoM ke abhAva meM samavasaraNoM kI jina mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / sAmAnya prAtihAryoM se yukta jina mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita rahate haiN| pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra praveza-dvAra aura dvArapAloM kI mUrtiyAM hotI haiN| bhittiyoM para devatAoM, sAdhuoM, manuSyoM evaM pazuoM kI AkRtiyAM banI rahatI haiN| dUsare aura tIsare prAcIroM kI mittiyoM para siMha-gaja, siMha-mRga, siMha-vRSabha, mayUra-sarpa aura nakula-sarpa jaise paraspara zatrubhAva vAle pazuoM ke jor3e aMkita hote haiN| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka khaNDita samavasaraNa kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI devakulikA meM hai| isa samavasaraNa ke pratyeka prAcIra ke praveza-dvAroM para daNDa aura phala se yukta dvibhuja dvArapAloM kI matiyAM haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka udAharaNa mAravAr3a ke jaina mandira se milA hai aura samprati sUrata ke jaina devAlaya meM pratiSThita hai| vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 20 meM la0 bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka samavasaraNa hai / isameM Upara kI ora cAra dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / samI jinoM ke sAtha caturbhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka anya samavasaraNa kaimbe se milA hai| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI eka devakulikA meM 1209 I0 kA eka samavasaraNa hai / cAra dhyAnastha jina matiyoM ke atirikta isameM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN|' 1 vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 20 ke samavasaraNa meM yakSa-yakSI bhI utkINita haiN| 2 sTa00A0, pR0 94 3 zAha, yU0pI0, 'jaina bronjez2a phrAma kaimbe', lalitakalA, aM0 13, pR0 31-32 . 4 pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta do jina matiyAM supArzva aura pAvaM kI haiN|

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SaSTha adhyAya yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna sAmAnya vikAsa yakSa evaM yakSiyAM jina pratimAoM ke sAtha saMyukta rUpa se aMkita kiye jAnevAle devoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / prastuta adhyAya meM yakSa evaM yakSiyoM ke pratimAvijJAna ke vikAsa kA adhyayana kiyA jAyagA / prArambha meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke pratimAvijJAna ke sAmAnya vikAsa kI saMkSipta rUparekhA dI gaI hai / tatpazcAt jinoM ke krama se pratyeka yakSa-yakSI yugala kI mUrtiyoM kA pratimAvijJAnaparaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| yaha vikAsa pahale sAhityika sAkSya ke AdhAra para aura bAda meM purAtAtvika sAkSya ke AdhAra para nirUpita hai / anta meM donoM kA tulanAtmaka evaM samanvayAtmaka adhyayana hai / saMkSepa meM dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina yakSa evaM yakSiyoM se inake tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA / sAhityika sAkSya jaina granthoM meM yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kA ullekha jinoM ke zAsana aura upAsaka devoM ke rUpa meM huA hai / " pratyeka jina ke yakSa yakSI yugala unake caturvidha saMgha ke zAsaka evaM rakSaka deva haiM / jaina granthoM ke anusAra samavasaraNa meM jinoM ke dharmopadeza ke bAda indra ne pratyeka jina ke sAtha sevaka- devoM ke rUpa meM eka yakSa aura eka yakSI ko niyukta kiyA / zAsanadevatAoM ke rUpa meM sarvadA jinoM ke samIpa rahane ke kAraNa hI jaina devakula meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM ko jinoM ke bAda sarvAdhika pratiSThA milI / harivaMzapurANa meM ullekha hai ki jina zAsana ke bhakta devoM (zAsanadevatAoM) ke prabhAva se hita - ( zubha - ) kAryoM at fare zaktiyAM ( graha, nAga, bhUta, pizAca aura rAkSasa) zAnta ho jAtI haiM / " jaina paramparA ke anusAra yakSa evaM yakSI jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana yA sAmAnya pIThikA ke kramazaH dAhine aura bAyeM choroM para aMkita hone cAhiye / sAmAnyataH ye lalitamudrA meM nirUpita haiM, para kabhI-kabhI inheM dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna yA 1 prazAsanAH zAsanadevatAzca yA jinAMzcaturviMzatimAzritAH sadA / hitAH satAmapraticakrayAnvitAH prayAcitAH sannihitA bhavantu tAH // harivaMzapurANa 66.43-44 yakSAbhaktistIrthaM kRtAmime / pravacanasAroddhAra (bhaTTAcArya, bI0sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939, pR0 92) 2 oM namo gomukhayakSAya zrI yugAMge jinazAsanarakSAkAra kAya / AcAradinakara yA pati zAsana jainaM sadyaH pratyUhanAzinI / sAbhipretasamRddhyarthaM bhUyAt zAsanadevatA / pratiSThAkalpa, pR0 13 (bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 92-93 ) 3 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 93 4 harivaMzapurANa 66.43 - 44; tiloyapaNNatti 4.934-39 6 yakSaM ca dakSiNapArzve vAme zAsanadevatAM / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.12 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.77 / paramparA ke viparIta kabhI-kabhI pIThikA ke madhya ke caraNoM ke samIpa bho yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huiiN| kucha yakSI dAhinI ora bhI nirUpita haiN| aisI mUrtiyAM mukhyataH digaMbara sthaloM se milI haiM / 5 harivaMzapurANa 66.45 dharmacakra ke donoM ora yA jinoM ke udAharaNoM meM yakSa bAyIM ora aura (devagar3ha, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU )

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yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] 155 sthAnaka - mudrA meM khar3A bhI dikhAyA gayA hai / la0 chaThIM zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM meM' aura la0 navIM zatI I0 meM svatantra mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA / svatantra mUrtiyoM meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke mastakoM para choTI jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa rahatI haiM, jo unheM jinoM aura sAtha hI jaina devakula se sambandhita karatI haiN| lAMchana yukta choTI jina mUrtiyAM bhI unake pahacAna meM sahAyaka huI haiM / digaMbara paramparA kI adhikAMza yakSiyoM ke nAma evaM kucha sImA taka lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM zvetAMbara paramparA kI pUrvavartI mahAvidyAoM se grahaNa kI gaIM / isI kAraNa yakSiyoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sandarbha meM zvetAMbara aura digaMbara paramparAoM meM pUrNa bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai / para yakSoM ke sandarbha meM aisI bhinnatA nahIM prApta hotI / 24 yakSoM evaM 24 yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM adhikAMza ke nAma evaM unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM hindU aura kucha udAharaNoM meM bauddha devakula ke devoM se prabhAvita haiM / jaina dharma meM hindU devakula ke viSNu, ziva, brahmA, indra, skanda kArtikeya, kAlI, gaurI, sarasvatI, cAmuNDA aura bauddha devakula kI tArA, vajrazRMkhalA, vajratArA evaM vajrAMkuzI ke nAmoM aura lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ko grahaNa kiyA gyaa| jaina devakula para brAhmaNa aura bauddha dharmoM ke devoM kA prabhAva do prakAra kA hai / prathama, jainoM ne itara dharmoM ke devoM ke kevala nAma grahaNa kiye aura svayaM unakI svatantra lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nirdhArita kIM / garuDa, varuNa, kumAra yakSoM aura gaurI, kAlI, mahAkAlI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM ke sandarbha meM prApta honevAlA prabhAva isI koTi kA hai / dvitIya, jainoM ne devatAoM ke eka varga kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM itara dhamoM ke devoM se grahaNa kIM / kabhI-kabhI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sAtha hI sAtha ina devoM ke nAma bhI hindU aura bauddha devoM se prabhAvita haiM / isa varga meM AnevAle yakSa-yakSiyoM meM brahmA, Izvara, gomukha, bhRkuTi, SaNmukha, yakSendra, pAtAla, dharaNendra evaM kubera yakSa aura cakrezvarI, vijayA, nirvANI, tArA evaM vajrazrRMkhalA yakSiyAM pramukha haiM / hindU devakula se prabhAvita yakSa-yakSI yugala tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjya / pahalI koTi meM aise yakSa-yakSI yugala Ate haiM jinake mUla-devatA hindU devakula meM Apasa meM kisI prakAra sambandhita nahIM haiM / jaina yakSa-yakSI yugaloM meM adhikAMza isI varga ke haiM / dUsarI koTi meM aise yakSa-yakSI yugala haiM jo pUrvarUpa meM hindU devakula meM bhI paraspara sambandhita haiM, jaise zreyAMzanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI Izvara evaM gaurI / tIsarI koTi meM aise yugala haiM jinameM yakSa eka aura yakSI dUsare svatantra sampradAya ke devatA se prabhAvita haiM / RSabhanAtha ke gomukha yakSa evaM cakrezvarI yakSI isI koTi ke haiM jo kramazaH zaiva evaM vaiSNava dharmoM ke pratinidhi deva haiM / Agama sAhitya, kalpasUtra evaM paumacariya jaise prArambhika jaina granthoM meM 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM meM se kisI kA ullekha nahIM hai| chaThIM -sAtavIM zatI I0 ke TIkA, niryukti evaM cUrNi granthoM meM bhI inakA anullekha hai / jaina devakula kA prArambhikatama yakSa-yakSI yugala sarvAnubhUti ( yakSezvara ) * evaM ambikA hai, jise chaThIM sAtavIM zatI I0 meM nirUpita kiyA gayA / " sarvAnubhU 1 zAha, yu0 pI0, akoTA bronjez2a, bambaI, 1959, pR0 28-29 2 chaThIM sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka svatantra ambikA mUrti akoTA (gujarAta) se milI hai - zAha, yU0pI0, pu0ni0, pR0 30-31, phalaka 14 3 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', pro0 TrAM0 o0 kAM0, 20vAM adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, aktUbara 1959, pR0151-52, maTTAcArya, benAyatoza, di iNDiyana buddhisTa AikanogrAphI, kalakattA, 1968, pR0 56, 235, 240, 242, 297 banarjI, je0 ena0, di DIvalapamenTa oNva hindU AikanogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956, pR0 561-63 4 prArambha meM yakSa kA nAma pUrI taraha nizcita na ho pAne ke kAraNa sarvAnubhUti ko mAtaMga aura gomedha bhI kahA gayA / 5 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 145-46; zAha, yU0pI0, 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0 iM0 khaM0 3, aM0 1, pR0 71; zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 28-31

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156 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna yakSa evaM ambikA yakSI kI dhAraNA jaina Agama evaM TIkA granthoM ke mANibhadra pUrNabhadra yakSa aura bahuputrikA yakSI kI prArambhika dhAraNA se prabhAvita hai / ' la0 chaThIM se navIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI jina mUrtiyoM meM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yahI yakSa-yakSI yugaka AmUrtita hai| isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva sarvAnubhUti evaM amvikA ke atirikta anya kisI yakSa - yakSI yugala kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nirdhArita nahIM ho pAyI thIM / akoTA kI RSabha ( la0 chaThIM zatI I0) 3, bhArata kalA bhavana vArANasI (212) kI nemi (la0 7 vIM zatI I0), purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA kI zAnti evaM nemi ( bI 75, bI 65, 8 vIM - 9 vIM zatI I0), dhAMka kI pArzva (la0 7 vIM zatI I0) 4, osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI RSabha ( la0 9 vIM zatI I0), tathA akoTA kI anya kaI RSabha evaM pArzva ( 7 vIM - 9 vIM zatI I0) 5 mUrtiyoM meM yahI yakSa-yakSI yugala nirUpita hai (citra 26 ) / inameM yakSa ke hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH phala evaM dhana kA thailA, aura yakSI ke hAthoM meM Amralumbi evaM bAlaka pradarzita haiM / 1 akoTA se la0 chaThIM -sAtavIM zatI I0 kI eka svatantra ambikA mUrti bhI milI hai / " dvibhujA siMhavAhinI ambikA ke karoM me Amralumbi evaM phala haiN| eka bAlaka devI kI goda meM aura dUsarA samIpa hI khar3A hai / ambikA ke zIrSa bhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM vAlI pArzvanAtha kI eka choTI mUrti hai, jo yahAM ambikA ke pArzva kI yakSI ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa kI sUcaka hai / " yakSarAja ( sarvAnubhUti) evaM ambikA kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA sarvaprathama nirUpaNa bappabhaTTisUri ( 743 - 838 I0) kI caturviMzatikA meM prApta hotA hai / isa grantha meM yakSoM se sevyamAna aura gajArUr3ha yakSarAja kI ArAdhanA samRddhi evaM dhana ke devatA ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / yadyapi yakSarAja ke hAtha meM dhana ke thaile kA ullekha nahIM hai, " para sambhavataH samRddhi ke devatA ke rUpa meM ullekha ke kAraNa hI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti ke sAtha la0 chaThIM sAtavIM zatI I0 meM dhana kA thailA pradarzita kiyA gyaa| yahAM yakSarAja pArzva se sambaddha hai / ambA devI kA dhyAna nemi evaM mahAvIra donoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / zIrSa bhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchakoM se zobhita aura siMha para ArUr3ha ambA bAlakoM se yukta hai / " ambA ke kara meM Amralumbi kA ullekha nahIM hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa prArambhika mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sAtha Amralumbi kA pradarzana niyamita nahIM thA / dharaNapaTTa (padmAvatI) kA dharaNendra kI patnI ke rUpa meM ullekha hai, jo sarpa se yukta hai / 13 isakA ullekha ajitanAtha ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / harivaMzapurANa (783 I0) meM siMhavAhinI ambikA aura cakradhAraNa karanevAlI apraticakrA yakSiyoM ke ullekha haiM / 3 mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta, la0 960 I0) meM cakrezvarI, ambikA, siddhAyikA, gaurI aura gAndhAro deviyoM kI ArAdhanA kI gaI hai / 14 1 zAha, yU0pI0, 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0I0, khaM0 3, aM0 1, pR0 62 2 RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pAkhaM / 3 zAha, yU0pI, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 28-29 4 sTa0je0A0, pR0 17 5 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 35-39 6 bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI kI mUrti meM yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA - padma evaM pAtra haiM / mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI mUrti ( bI 65 ) meM phala ke sthAna para pyAlA hai / 7 bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI evaM mathurA saMgrahAlaya ( bI 65 ) kI mUrtiyoM meM Amralumbi ke sthAna para puSpa pradarzita hai / 8 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 30-31 9 la0 10 vIM zatI I0 meM sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera yA gomedha) aura ambikA ko neminAtha se sambaddha kiyA gayA / 10 catuvizatikA 23.92, pR0 153 11 catuvizatikA 22.88, pR0 143, 24.96, pR0 162 12 vahI, 2.8, pR0 18 13 harivaMzapurANa 66.44 14 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0 iM0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, pR0 304-05

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yakSa-pakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 157 la0 AThavI-navIM zatI I0 meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI taiyAra huii| prArambhikatama sUciyAM kahAvalI (zvetAMbara), tiloyapaNNatti (digaMbara)2 evaM pravacanasAroddhAra (zvetAMbara)3 meM milatI haiM / 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svatantra lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM nirdhArita huii| gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI 24 yakSayakSI yugaloM kI sUcI prArambhika sUcI se, yakSa-yakSiyoM ke nAmoM ke sandarbha meM, kucha bhinna haiM / tiloyapaNNatti ke brahmezvara evaM kiMpuruSa yakSoM aura vajrAMkuzA, jayA evaM solasA yakSiyoM ke nAma paravartI sUcI meM nahIM prApta hote / cakrezvarI evaM apraticakrezvarI nAma se eka hI yakSI kA tiloyapaNNatti meM do bAra kramazaH pahalI aura chaThIM yakSiyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| pravacanasAroddhAra kI sUcI meM manuja evaM surakumAra yakSoM aura jvAlA, zrAvatsA, pravarA evaM acchuptA yakSiyoM ke nAma aise haiM jo paravartI granthoM meM nahIM milate / paravartI granthoM meM unake sthAna para yakSezvara, kumAra, bhRkuTi, mAnavI, caNDA evaM naradattA ke nAmollekha haiN| pravacanasAroddhAra meM chaThIM yakSI kA nAma acyatA aura bIsavIM yakSI kA acchupA diyA hai| paravartI granthoM meM chaThI yakSI kA nAma to acyatA hI hai, para bIsavIM yakSI kA nAma naradattA hai| sarvaprathama nirvANakalikA (11 vI-12 vIM zatI I0) meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svatantra lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM vivecita huii| bArahavIM zatI I0 ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (zvetAMbara), pravacanasAroddhAra para siddhasenasUri kI TIkA (zvetAMbara) evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (digaMbara) meM bho 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nirUpita haiN| bArahavIM zatII0 ke bAda anya kaI granthoM meM bhI 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita ullekha haiN| inameM padmAnandamahAkAvya (yA caturvizati jinacaritra-zvetAMbara, 1241 I0), mantrAdhirAjakalpa (zvetAMbara, 12 vIM-13 vIM zatI I0), AcAradinakara (zvetAMbara, 1411 I0), pratiSThAsAroddhAra (digaMbara, 1228 I0) evaM pratiSThAtilakama (nemicandra saMhitA yA arhat pratiSThAsArasaMgraha-digaMbara, 1543 I0) pramukha haiN| kucha jainetara granthoM meM bhI 24 yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nirUpita haiN| inameM aparAjitapucchA (digaMbara paramparA para AdhArita, la0 13 vIM zatI I0) evaM rUpamaNDana aura devatAmUtiprakaraNa (zvetAMbara paramparA para AdhArita, la0 15 bIM zatI I0) pramukha haiN| uparyukta granthoM ke AdhAra para 24 yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI sUciyAM nimnalikhita haiM : 24-yakSa-gomukha, mahAyakSa, trimukha, yakSezvara (yA Izvara),5 tumbaru (yA tumbara), kusuma (yA puSpa), mAtaMga (yA baranandi), vijaya (zyAma-digaMbara), ajita, brahma, Izvara, kumAra, SaNmukha (caturmukha-digaMbara), pAtAla, kinnara, garuDa, gandharva, yakSendra (khendra-digaMbara), kubera (yA yakSeza), varuNa, bhRkuTi, gomedha, pAva (dharaNa-digaMbara) evaM mAtaMga 24 yakSa haiN| 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'inTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina barazipa', pro0TrAM0o0kAM0, 20 vAM adhivezana, __bhuvanezvara, 1959, pR0 147 2 tiloyapaNNatti 4.934-39 3 pravacanasAroddhAra 375-78 4 yaha bhUla yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM dUsarI se sAtavIM yakSiyoM ke nAmollekha meM mahAvidyAoM ke nAmoM ke krama ke anukaraNa __ ke kAraNa huI hai| 5 zvetAMbara paramparA meM Izvara aura yakSezvara, tathA digaMbara paramparA meM kebala yakSezvara nAma se ullekha hai| 6 pravacanasAroddhAra meM yakSa kA nAma vAmana hai| 7 24 yakSoM kI uparyukta sUcI ko dhyAna se dekhane para eka bAta pUrI taraha spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki 24 yakSoM meM se kaI ko do bAra eka hI nAma yA kucha bhinna nAmoM ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gyaa| inameM mAtaMga, Izvara, kumAra (yA SaNmukha) evaM yakSezvara (yA yakSendra yA yakSeza) mukhya haiN| bhRkuTi nAma se yakSa aura yakSI donoM ke ullekha haiN|

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[ jaina pratibhAvijJAna 24 - yakSiyAM - cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA), ' ajitA ' ( rohiNI - digaMbara), duritArI (prajJapti - digaMbara), kAlikA (vajrazRMkhalA - digaMbara), mahAkAlI ( puruSadattA digaMbara), " acyutA ( manovegA-digaMbara), zAntA (kAlI - digaMbara), bhRkuTi ( jvAlAmAlinI - digaMbara), sutArA ( mahAkAlI - digaMbara), azokA (mAnavI - digaMbara), mAnavI ( gaurI - digaMbara), caNDA' ( gAndhArI - digaMbara), viditA (vairoTI - digaMbara), aMkuzA 11 (anantamatI - digaMbara), kandarpA 12 ( mAnasI), nirvANI ( mahAmAnasI - digaMbara), balA 3 ( jayA - digaMbara), dhAraNI 14 ( tArAvatI " digaMbara), vairoTyA 6 ( aparAjitA - digaMbara), naradattA 17 ( bahurUpiNI - digaMbara), gAndhArI " ( cAmuNDA - digaMbara), ambikA ( yA AmrA yA kuSmANDinI), padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA ( yA siddhAyinI ) 24 yakSiyAM haiM / 20 158 pratimA nirUpaNa sambandhI granthoM meM adhikAMza yakSa evaM yakSI cAra bhujAoM vAle haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM ambikA evaM siddhAyikA yakSiyoM ko dvibhuja batAyA gayA hai / cakrezvarI, jvAlAmAlinI, mAnasI evaM padmAvatI yakSiyAM chaha yA adhika bhujAoM vAlI haiM / yakSiyoM kI tulanA meM yakSa adhika udAharaNoM meM bahubhuja (6 se 12 bhujAoM vAle ) haiM / bahubhuja yakSoM meM mahAyakSa, trimukha, brahma, kumAra, caturmukha, SaNmukha, pAtAla, kinnara, yakSendra, kubera, varuNa, bhRkuTi evaM gomedha mukhya haiN| kevala mAtaMga yakSa dvibhuja hai / adhikAMza yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI do bhujAoM meM abhaya - ( yA varada - ) mudrA evaM phala 21 ( yA akSamAlA yA jalapAtra ) pradarzita haiM / TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana ne apanI pustaka meM dakSiNa bhArata ke tIna granthoM ke AdhAra para yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA pratimA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / 22 eka grantha digaMbara paramparA kA hai aura do anya zvetAMbara paramparA ke haiN| zvetAMbara paramparA ke eka grantha kA nAma yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa hai / mUrtigata sAkSya granthoM meM 24 yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM nirdhArita huIM / para zilpa meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM hI RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ke sthAna 1 kucha zvetAMbara granthoM meM apraticakrA nAma se ullekha hai / 2 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSI kA nAma vijayA hai / 4 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSI kA nAma sammohinI hai / 6 AcAradinakara meM zyAmA aura mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM mAnasI nAmoM se ullekha hai / 7 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM cANDAlikA nAma hai / 9 kucha zvetAMbara granthoM meM pracaNDA evaM ajitA nAmoM se bhI ullekha haiM / 10 AcAradinakara meM vijayA nAma hai / 12 pravacanasAroddhAra meM pannagA nAma hai / 13 kucha khetAMbara granthoM meM acyutA evaM gAndhAriNI nAmoM se ullekha haiM / 14 zvetAMbara granthoM meM ise kAlI bhI kahA gayA hai / 16 kucha zvetAMbara granthoM meM vanajAta devI aura dharaNapriyA nAmoM se bhI ullekha haiM / 17 kucha zvetAMbara granthoM meM varadattA, acchuptA evaM sugandhi nAma diye haiM / 18 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM mAlinI nAma hai / 3 zvetAMbara granthoM meM ise kAlI bhI kahA gayA hai / 5 digaMbara paramparA meM naradattA bhI kahA gayA hai / 8 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM gomedhikA nAma se ullekha hai / 11 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM varabhRta nAma hai / 15 digaMbara granthoM meM vijayA bhI kahA gayA hai / 19 digaMbara granthoM meM kusumamAlinI bhI kahA gayA hai / 20 digaMbara granthoM kI sUciyoM meM yakSiyoM ke nAmoM meM ekarUpatA aura zvetAMbara granthoM kI sUciyoM meM yakSiyoM ke nAmoM meM bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai / 21 yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke eka hAtha meM phala ( yA mAtuliMga) kA pradarzana vizeSa lokapriya thA / 22 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, tirUparUttikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa, bu0ma0ga0 myU 0 nyU0 si0 khaM0 1, bhAga 3, madrAsa, 1934

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 159 para pAramparika aura svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA nirUpaNa prArambha ho gayA, jisake udAharaNa mukhyataH uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza meM devagar3ha, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, gyArasapura, khajurAho evaM kucha anya sthaloM para haiN| ina sthaloM kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabha evaM nemi ke sAtha kramaza: gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM sarvAnubhUti-ambikA utkINita haiM (citra 7, 27) / para zAnti evaM mahAvIra ke svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI pAramparika nahIM haiN| osiyA ke mahAvIra aura gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandiroM para dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| chaThI zatI I0 se AThavIM-navIM zatI I. taka kI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa bahuta niyamita nahIM the| para navIM zatI I0 ke bAda bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla ke atirikta anya sabhI kSetroM kI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke niyamita aMkana hue haiN| yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svatantra aMkanoM meM yakSa kI tulanA meM yakSiyoM ke citraNa vizeSa lokapriya the| 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkana ke hameM tIna udAharaNa mile haiN|' para 24 yakSoM ke sAmUhika nirUpaNa kA sambhavataH koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| yakSa evaM yakSiyoM ke utkIrNana kI dRSTi se uttara bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM alaga-alaga sthiti rahI hai, jisakA atisaMkSepa meM ullekha yahAM apekSita hai| gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra meM zvetAMbara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM kI vizeSa lokapriyatA ke kAraNa yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta kama haiN| isa kSetra meM ambikA kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN| vastutaH ambikA kI mUrtiyAM (5vIM-6ThIM zatI I0) sabase pahale isI kSetra meM utkIrNa huI / ambikA ke bAda cakrezvarI, padmAvatI (kumbhAriyA. vimalavasahI) evaM siddhAyikA kI mUrtiyAM haiN| yakSoM meM kevala varuNa (?), sarvAnubhUti, gomukha evaM pArzva kI hI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / smaraNIya hai ki sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA isa kSetra ke sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa-yakSI yugala the, jinheM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gyaa| kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM RSabha (gomukha-cakrezvarI), pArzva (dharaNendra-padmAvatI) evaM mahAvIra (mAtaMga-siddhAyikA) ke sAtha pAramparika aura svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| dinaMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM svatantra lakSaNoM vAle pAramparika yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke citraNa adhika lokapriya the| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-yakSa evaM yakSiyoM ke mUrtivijJAnaparaka vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se yaha kSetra sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isa kSetra meM la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke citraNa prArambha hue| isa kSetra kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I. ke madhya kI jina mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI hI nirUpita haiN| RSabha, nemi evaM pArzva ke sAtha adhikAMzataH pAramparika yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiN| supAva, candraprabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha bhI kabhI-kabhI svatantra lakSaNoM vAle, kintu apAramparika yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| anya jinoM ke sAtha adhikAMzataH sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-)pudrA aura kalaza (yA phala yA puSpa) pradarzita haiN| isa kSetra meM cakrezvarI evaM ambikA kI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyAM 1ye udAharaNa kramazaH devagar3ha (mandira 12), patiyAnadAI (ambikA mUrti) aura bArabhujI guphA se mile haiN| 2 rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (270), ghANerAva (mahAvIra mandira) evaM tAraMgA (ajitanAtha mandira) 3 gajArUr3ha sarvAnubhUti kabhI dvibhuja aura kabhI caturbhuja hai| dvibhuja hone para usakI donoM bhujAoM meM yA to dhana kA thailA pradarzita hai, yA phira eka meM phala (yA varada yA-abhaya-mudrA) aura dUsare meM dhana kA thailA haiN| caturbhuja sarvAnubhUti ke hAthoM meM sAmAnyataH varada-(yA abhaya-) mudrA, aMkuza, pAza aura dhana kA thailA (yA phala) pradarzita haiM / siMhavAhinI ambikA sAmAnyataH dvibhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM Amralumbi (yA phala) evaM bAlaka sthita haiM / caturbhuja ambikA kI tIna bhujAoM meM Amralumbi evaM cauthe meM bAlaka pradarzita haiN| 4 kumbhAriyA (zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandira ke vitAna), candrAvatI evaM vimalavasahI (garbhagRha evaM devakulikA 25) __ ko mUrtiyAM 5 osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira ke valAnaka evaM vimalavasahI (devakulikA 4) kI mUrtiyAM 6 kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke vitAna kI mUrti

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160 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna haiM ( citra 44-46, 50, 51, 53) / sAtha hI rohiNI', padmAvatI' evaM siddhAyikA kI mI kucha mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM (citra 47, 55, 57) / cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika vikAsa dRSTigata hotA hai / ambikA kA svarUpa yakSoM meM kevala sarvAnubhUti evaM dharaNendra kI hI kucha svatantra mUrtiyAM milI sAmUhika citraNa ke bhI do udAharaNa kramaza: devagar3ha ( mandira 12) evaM anya kSetroM ke samAna isa kSetra meM bhI sthira rahA / haiM ( citra 49 ) / isa kSetra meM 24 yakSiyoM ke patiyAnadAI (ambikA mUrti) se mile haiM / bihAra - ur3IsA - baMgAla -- isa kSetra kI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa yakSI yugaloM ke citraNa kI paramparA lokapriya nahIM thI / kevala do udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / " ur3IsA meM navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM ( 11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ) kI kramazaH sAta aura caubIsa jina mUrtiyoM meM jinoM ke nIce unakI yakSiyAM nirUpita haiM (citra 59 ) / cakrezvarI evaM ambikA kI kucha svatantra mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiM / sAmUhika aMkana - jaina granthoM meM navIM zatI I0 taka yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI kevala sUcI hI taiyAra thI / tathApi sUcI ke AdhAra para hI navIM zatI I0 meM zilpa meM 24 yakSiyoM ko mUrta abhivyakti pradAna kI gaI / 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkanoM ke hameM tIna udAharaNa kramaza: devagar3ha ( mandira 12, u0 pra0), patiyAnadAI (ambikA mUrti, ma0 pra0) evaM bArabhujI guphA (ur3IsA) se mile haiM / ye tInoM hI digaMbara sthala haiM / yakSoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA sambhavata: koI prayAsa nahIM kiyA gyaa| yahAM yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkanoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA jAyagA / devagar3ha ke mandira 12 (zAntinAtha mandira, 862I0) 6 kI bhitti para kA 24 yakSiyoM kA sAmUhika citraNa isa prakAra kA prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa hai (citra 48 ) / sabhI yakSiyAM tribhaMga meM khar3I haiM aura unake zIrSa bhAga meM sambandhita jinoM kI choTI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / " sabhI udAharaNoM meM jinoM evaM yakSiyoM ke nAma unakI AkRtiyoM ke nIce abhilikhita haiM / ambikA ke atirikta anya kisI yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM jaina granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / devagar3ha ke mandira 12 kI yakSI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki devagar3ha meM navIM zatII0 taka kevala ambikA kA hI svarUpa niyata sakA thA / sAta yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM pUrva paramparA meM pracalita apraticakrA, vajrazRMkhalA, naradattA, mahAkAlI, veroTyA, acchutA evaM mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke pUrNa yA AMzika anukaraNa haiM, para unake nAma parivartita kara diye gaye haiM / yakSiyoM para mahAvidyAoM ke prabhAva kA nirdhAraNa bappabhaTTi kI caturviMzatikA ke vivaraNoM evaM osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI mahAvidyA mUrtiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / devagar3ha samUha kI anya yakSiyAM viziSTatArahita evaM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI haiM / ina dvibhuja yakSiyoM kI eka bhujA meM cAmara, puSpa evaM kalaza meM se koI eka sAmagrI pradarzita hai aura dUsarI bhujA yA to nIce laTakatI yA phira jAnu para sthita hai / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI do caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM yakSI kI do bhujAoM meM kalaza pradarzita haiM aura anya yA to puSpa haiM yA phira eka meM puSpa hai aura dUsarA jAnu para sthita hai / supArzva ke sAtha kAlI ke sthAna para 'mayUravAhi' nAma kI caturbhujA yakSI utkIrNa hai / mayUravAhinI yakSI kI bhujA meM pustaka pradarzita hai jo spaSTataH sarasvatI ke svarUpa kA anukaraNa hai / 1 devagar3ha evaM gyArasapura ( mAlAdevI mandira) 3 khajurAho evaM devagar3ha 5 eka mUrti baMgAla aura dUsarI bihAra se milI haiM / 6 mandira 12 zAntinAtha ko samarpita hai / 2 khajurAho, devagar3ha, mathurA evaM zahaDola 4 khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM gyArasapura (mAlAdevI mandira ) 7 mandira 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke eka stambha para saMvat 919 (862 I0) kA eka lekha hai / para ardhamaNDapa nizcita hI mUla mandira ke kucha bAda kA nirmANa hai, ataH mUla mandira ( mandira 12 ) ko 862 I0 ke kucha pahale (la0 843 I0) kA nirmANa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-- draSTavya, ji0i0 de0, pR0 36 8 ji0i0 de0, pR0 98- 112 .

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha meM pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSI ko kalpanA to kI gaI, parantu unakI pratimA lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke usa samaya (9vIM zatI I0) taka nizcita na ho pAne ke kAraNa ambikA ke atirikta anya yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM mahAvidyAoM evaM sarasvatI ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM ke anukaraNa kiye gaye aura kucha meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSiyoM ko AmUrtita kiyA gyaa| uparyukta dhAraNA kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki devagar3ha kI hI svatantra jina mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke atirikta mandira 12 kI anya kisI bhI yakSI ko nahIM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| nAmoM ke AdhAra para devagar3ha ke mandira 12 kI yakSiyoM ko tIna vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM ve pAMca yakSiyAM haiM jinheM pAramparika jinoM ke sAtha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| inameM RSabha, ananta, ara, ariSTanemi evaM pArzva kI cakrezvarI, anantavIryA,', tArAdevI,2 ambAyikA evaM padmAvatI yakSiyAM haiN| dUsare varga meM aisI cAra yakSiyAM haiM jinheM apane pAramparika jinoM ke sAtha nahIM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| inameM jAlAmAlinI, aparAjitA (vardhamAna), sidhai (munisuvrata) evaM bahurUpI (puSpadanta) yakSiyAM haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra jvAlAmAlinI candraprabha kI, aparAjitA malli kI. sidhai (yA siddhAyikA) mahAvIra kI evaM bahurUpI (bahurUpiNI) munisuvrata kI yakSiyAM haiN| tIsare varga meM aisI yakSiyAM haiM jinake nAma kisI jaina grantha meM nahIM prApta hote| ye bhagavatI sarasvatI (abhinandana), mayUravAhi (supArzva), himAdevI (malli), zrIyAdevI (zAnti), surakSitA (dharma), sulakSaNA (vimala), abhaugaratiNa (vAsupUjya), vahani (zreyAMza), zrIyAdevI (zItala), sumAlinI (candraprabha) evaM sulocanA (padmaprabha) yakSiyAM haiM / patiyAnadAI mandira (satanA, ma0 pra0) se gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka ambikA mUrti milI hai, jisake parikara meM ambikA ke atirikta anya 23 yakSiyoM kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / yaha mUrti samprati ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (293) meM hai (citra 53) / 5 ambikA evaM parikara kI sabhI 23 yakSiyAM tribhaMga meM khar3I haiN| AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma abhilikhita haiN| parikara meM digaMbara jina matiyAM bhI banI haiN| siMhavAhanA ambikA kI cAro bhujAeM khaNDita haiN| devI ke bAyeM aura dAhine pAzvoM kI yakSiyoM ke nIce kramazaH prajApatI aura vanasaMkalA utkIrNa haiN| samIpa hI do anya yakSiyAM nirUpita haiM jinake nAma spaSTa nahIM haiN| para eka yakSI ke hAtha meM cakra evaM dUsarI ke sAtha gajavAhana bane haiN| ye nizcita hI cakrezvarI aura rohiNI kI matiyAM haiN| bAyIM ora (Upara se nIce) kI yakSiyoM kI AkRtiyoM ke nIce kramazaH jayA, anantamatI, vairoTA, gaurI, mahAkAlI, kAlI aura pRSadadhI nAma utkIrNa haiM / dAhinI ora (Upara se nIce) aparAjitA, mahAmanusi, anantamatI, gAndhArI, manasI, jAlamAlinI aura manujA nAma kI yakSiyAM haiN| mUrti ke UparI bhAga meM (bAyeM se dAhine) kramazaH bahurUpiNI, cAmuNDA, sarasatI, padumAvatI aura vijayA nAma kI yakSiyAM AmUrtita haiN| yakSiyoM ke nAma sAmAnyataH tiloyapaNNatti kI sUcI se mela khAte haiN| parikara kI 23 yakSiyAM pAramparika krama meM nahIM nirUpita haiN| unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM bhI bahuta spaSTa nahIM hai| anantanAtha kI yakSI anantamatI kA nAma do bAra utkIrNa hai| isake atirikta prajApati, jayA, pUSadadhI, manujA evaM sarasvatI nAma aise haiM jinakA ullekha kahIM bhI yakSiyoM ke rUpa meM nahIM prApta hotaa| isake atirikta 24 yakSiyoM kI pAramparika sUcI meM se prajJapti, manovegA, mAnavI evaM siddhAyikA ke nAma isa mUrti meM nahIM prApta hote / 1 digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma anantamatI hai| 2 digaMbara grantha meM ara kI yakSI kA nAma tArAvatI hai| 3 jina kA nAma spaSTa nahIM hai| digaMbara paramparA meM jvAlAmAlinI candraprabha kI yakSI hai| devagar3ha samaha meM candraprabha ke sAtha sumAlinI utkIrNa hai| 4 sAhanI ne ise abhogarohiNI par3hA hai-ji0i00, pR0 103 5 kaniMghama, e0, AkialAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA riporTa, varSa 1873-75, khaM09, pR0 31-33; candra, pramoda, sTona skalpacara ina di elAhAbAda myUjiyama, bambaI, 1970, pR0 162 21

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna bAbhujI guphA (khaNDagiri, ur3IsA) kI 24 yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI haiM / ' devagar3ha ke samAna yahAM bhI yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM sambandhita jinoM kI mUrtiyoM ke nIce utkIrNa haiM (citra 59 ) / jina mUrtiyAM lAMchanoM se yukta haiM / dvibhuja se vizatibhuja yakSiyAM lalitamudrA yA dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM / 24 yakSiyoM meM kevala cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI ke nirUpaNa meM hI paramparA kA kucha pAlana kiyA gayA hai / kucha yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM brAhmaNa evaM bauddha devakuloM kI deviyoM ke lakSaNoM kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / zAnti, ara evaM nami kI yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM kramazaH gajalakSmI (mahAlakSmI), tArA (bauddhadevI) evaM brahmANI ( trimukha evaM haMsavAhanA) ke prabhAva spaSTa haiM / anya kSa sthAnIya kalAkAroM kI kalpanA kI dena pratIta hotI haiN| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki devagar3ha samUha ko 24 yakSiyoM ke viparIta bArabhujI guphA kI yakSiyAM svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI haiM / aba pratyeka jina ke yakSa-yakSI yugala ke pratimAvijJAna kA alaga-alaga adhyayana kiyA jAyagA / (1) gomukha yakSa 162 zAstrIya paramparA gomukha jina RSabhanAtha kA yakSa hai| zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara donoM hI paramparA ke granthoM meM gomukha ko caturbhuja kahA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA -nirvANakalikA ke anusAra go ke mukha vAle gomukha yakSa kA vAhana gaja tathA Ayudha dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM akSamAlA aura bAMyeM meM mAtuliMga (phala) evaM pAza haiM / 3 anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lakSaNa prApta hote haiN|* kevala AcAradinakara meM vAhana vRSabha hai aura donoM pAvoM meM gaja evaM vRSabha ke utkIrNana kA nirdeza hai / " rUpamaNDana meM gomukha ko gajAnana kahA gayA hai / digaMbara paramparA - digaMbara paramparA meM gomukha kA zIrSa bhAga dharmacakra cihna se lAMchita, vAhana vRSabha aura karoM ke Ayudha parazu, phala, akSamAlA evaM varadamudrA haiM / spaSTataH parazu ke atirikta zeSa Ayudha zvetAMbara paramparA ke samAna haiM / " isa prakAra zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara granthoM meM kevala vAhana (gaja yA vRSabha) evaM AyudhoM (pAza yA parazu) ke pradarzana ke sandarbha meM hI fear dRSTigata hotI hai / AcAradinakara meM gomukha ke pAvoM meM gaja evaM vRSabha ke citraNa kA nirdeza sambhavataH vAhanoM ke sandarbha meM donoM paramparAoM ke samanvaya kA prayAsa hai / 1 mitrA, debalA, 'zAsanadevIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0so0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 130-33 2 munisuvrata kI yakSI ko leTI huI mudrA meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / 3 tathA tattIrthotpannago mukhayakSaM hemavaNaMgajavAhanaM caturbhujaM varadAkSasUtrayutadakSiNapANi mAtuliMgapAzAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.1 4 tri0 za0pu0ca0 1.3.680 - 81; padmAnandamahAkAvya 14.280 - 81; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.26 5 svarNAbho vRSavAhano dviradagoyuktazcaturbAhubhi AcAradinakara, pratiSThAdhikAra : 34.1 6 riSabho (RSabhe) gomukho yakSo hemavarNA gajAnanA (hemavarNo gajAnanaH) / rUpamaNDana 6.17 / jJAtavya hai ki rUpamaNDana meM gomukha ke vAhana (gaja) kA ullekha nahIM hai / 7 caturbhujaH suvarNAbho gomukho vRSavAhanaH / hastena parazuM dhatte bIjapUrAkSasUtrakaM // varadAna paraM samyak dharmacakraM ca mastake / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.13-14 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.129; pratiSThAtilakam 7.1 8 aparAjita pucchA meM pAza hI pradarzita hai (221.43) /

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 163 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-dakSiNa bhArata ke donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM go ke mukha bAle, caturbhaja evaM vRSabha para lalitamudrA meM AsIna gomukha ke hAthoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA, akSamAlA, parazu evaM mAtuliMga ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|' zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSa ke zIrSa bhAga meM dharmacakra ke utkIrNana kA bhI vidhAna hai| spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kI zvetAMbara evaM digambara paramparAeM gomukha ke nirUpaNa meM uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA se sahamata haiN| mUrti-paramparA gujarAta-rAjasthAna (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM-isa kSetra meM gomukha kI kevala tIna svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| inameM yakSa vRSAnana evaM caturbhuja hai| dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti ghANerAva (pAlI, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira ke pazcimI adhiSThAna para utkIrNa hai / isameM lalitamudrA meM AsIna gomukha ke karoM meM kamaNDalu, sanAlapadma, sanAlapadma evaM varadamudrA pradarzita haiM / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI dUsarI mUrti hathamA (bAr3amera, rAjasthAna) se milI hai aura samprati rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya ajamera (270) meM hai (citra 43) / lalitamudrA meM baiThe gomukha ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu, sapaM evaM mAtuliMga haiN| yajJopavIta se zobhita yakSa ke mastaka para dharmacakra bhI utkIrNa hai| uparyukta donoM mUrtiyoM meM vAhana anupasthita haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa kI dakSiNI bhitti para hai| yahAM gomukha tribhaMga meM khar3e haiM aura unake samIpa hI gajavAhana bhI utkIrNa hai / yakSa kI eka avaziSTa bhujA meM sambhavataH aMkuza hai| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM isa kSetra kI kevala kucha hI RSabha mUrtiyoM meM gomukha nirUpita haiN| rAjasthAna kI eka RSabha mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja gomukha kI tIna bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu evaM jalapAtra haiN| bayAnA (bharatapura) kI RSabhamUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja gomukha kI do bhujAoM meM gadA evaM phala haiN| kumbhAriyA ke pa evaM mahAvIra mandiroM (11 vIM zatI I0) ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa RSabha ke jIvanadRzyoM meM bhI gomukha kI meM do caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiM / zAntinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM gajArUr3ha gomukha kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiM (citra 14) / mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti meM do avaziSTa dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM aMkuza hI ke garbhagRha kI RSabha mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) meM gajArUr3ha gomukha ke karoM meM phala, aMkuza, pAza evaM dhana kA thailA haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 25 kI eka anya mUrti meM gajArUr3ha gomukha kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, pAza evaM phala haiN| yaha akelI mUrti hai jisake nirUpaNa meM zvetAMbara granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta mUrtiyoM se spaSTa hai ki la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM gomukha kI svatantra evaM jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huiiN| zvetAMbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM paramparA ke anurUpa gajavAhana evaM pAza pradarzita haiN| zvetAMbara sthaloM kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM aMkuza evaM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana bhI lokapriya thA. jo sambhavataH sarvAnubhUti yakSa kA prabhAva hai| isa kSetra kI digaMbara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM vAhana nahIM utkIrNa hai, para parazu evaM eka udAharaNa meM zIrSa bhAga meM dharmacakra ke utkIrNana meM paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-isa kSetra se gomukha kI svatantra matiyAM nahIM milI haiN| para jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke sAtha gomukha kA citraNa dasavIM zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| vAhana kA aMkana lokapriya nahIM thaa| 1 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 197 2 bhaTTAcArya, yU0 sI0, 'gomukha yakSa', ja0yU0pI0hi so0 kha0 5, bhAga 2 (nyU sirIja), pR0 8-9 3 yaha mUrti bosTana saMgrahAlaya (64.487) meM hai / 4 yaha mUrti bharatapura rAjya saMgrahAlaya (67) meM hai-draSTavya, amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citrasaMgraha 157.12 5 kevala akSamAlA ke sthAna para abhayamudrA pradarzita hai| 6 ghANerAva ke mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti meM ye vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN|

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164 [jaina pratimAvijJAna kevala devagar3ha ke mandira 12 ke adhaMNDapa ke uttaraMga (10 vIM zatI I0) para hI caturbhuja gomukha kI eka choTI mUrti utkIrNa hai / lalitamudrA meM AsIna yakSa ke karoM meM kalaza, padmakalikA, padmakalikA evaM phala prada zata haiM / yakSa ke karoM kI sAmagriyAM ghANerAva ke mahAvIra mandira (zvetAMbara) kI gomukha mUrti ke samAna haiN| bajarAmaTha (gyArasapura, vidizA) kI RSabha mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja gomukha kI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, parazu, gadA evaM jalapAtra haiN| khajurAho kI RSabha mUrtiyoM (10vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM gomukha kI dvibhuja aura caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| caturbhuja mUrtiyAM saMkhyA meM adhika haiN| gomukha ke sAtha vRSabhavAhana kevala eka hI udAharaNa (sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya, ke 8) meM hai| caturbhuja gomukha ke tIna surakSita karoM meM padma, gadA (?) evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| kucha mUrtiyoM meM yakSa vRSAnana bhI nahIM hai / pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja gomukha ke tIna hAthoM meM parazu, gadA evaM mAtuliMga haiM / caturbhuja gomukha kI UparI bhujAoM meM adhikAMzataH parazu evaM pustaka pradarzita haiN| para nicalI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA evaM dhana kA thailA, yA abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA jalapAtra) haiN| jArDina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI eka mUrti meM yakSa kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, parazu, zrRMkhalA evaM jalapAtra haiN| sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (ke 6) meM yakSa ke tIna hAthoM meM sarpa, padma evaM dhana kA thailA haiM / chaha udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja gomukha kI bhujAoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki khajurAho meM gomukha ke karoM meM parazu, pustaka evaM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| kevala parazu ke pradarzana meM hI digaMbara paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| gomukha ke sAtha pustaka kA pradarzana khajurAho ke bAhara durlabha hai| dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana anya sthaloM para bhI prApta hotA hai, jo sarvAnubhUti yakSa kA prabhAva hai| devagar3ha kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI RSabha mUrtiyoM meM gomukha kI dvibhuja evaM caturbhuja mUrtiyAM nirUpita haiN| inameM yakSa sadaiva vRSAnana hai para vAhana kisI udAharaNa meM nahIM utkIrNa hai| karoM meM parazu evaM gadA kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| dvibhuja gomukha ke hAthoM meM parazu (yA abhayamudrA yA gadA) evaM phala (yA dhana kA thailA yA kalaza) haiN| caturbhuja gomukha kI nicalI bhujAoM meM sarvadA abhayamudrA evaM kalaza (yA phala) pradazita haiN| para UparI bhujAoM ke AyudhoM meM kAphI bhinnatA prApta hotI hai| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM UparI hAthoM meM paraza evaM gadA haiN| cAra matiyoM (11vIM-1 zatI I0) meM UparI hAthoM meM chatra-padma (yA padma) pradarzita haiN| khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM ghANerAva (mahAvIra mandira) kI go mUrtiyoM meM padma kA pradarzana paramparAsammata na hote hue bhI zvetAMbara (ghANerAva kA mahAvIra mandira) evaM digaMbara donoM hI sthaloM para lokapriya thaa| mandira 5 kI mUrti meM gomukha ke hAthoM meM puSpa evaM mudgara, mandira 1 kI mUrti meM donoM karoM meM dhana kA thailA (citra 8), mandira 20 kI mati meM gadA evaM pustaka aura mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI kI mUrti meM gadA (?) evaM padma pradarzita haiM / mandira 9 kI eka mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) meM gomukha ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, parazu, vyAkhyAnamudrA-akSamAlA evaM phala pradarzita haiM / devagar3ha kI yaha akelI mUrti hai jisake nirUpaNa meM akSaraza: digaMbara paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| mandira 19 kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM gomukha phala, abhayamudrA, padma evaM dhana kA thailA se yukta haiN| mandira 12 kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM gomukha ke karoM meM abhayAkSa, sruka, pustaka evaM kalaza pradarzita haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI kevala do hI RSabha mUrtiyoM (11vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa vRSAnana hai| pahalI mUrti (je 789) meM caturbhuja gomukha kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, padma evaM kalaza pradarzita haiN| dUsarI mUrti meM dvibhuja rAjya 1 sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya, ke 40, ke 69 2 sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya, ke 8, 1651 3 mandira 17, jADina saMgrahAlaya (1674, 1607, 1725), sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 7), pAzvanAtha mandira ke pazcimo bhAga kA jinAlaya 4 devagar3ha ko bhI do mUrtiyoM meM gomukha ke hAtha meM pustaka hai / 5 dasa udAharaNa : mandira 11, 16, 19, 24, 25 6 bIsa udAharaNa 7 nau udAharaNa 8 mandira 2, 12, 20, 24

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna 1 165 gomukha abhayamudrA evaM kalaza se yukta hai / saMgrahAlaya ko cAra anya RSama mUrtiyoM meM yakSa vRSAnana nahIM hai aura usakI eka bhujA meM sAmAnyata: dhana kA thailA hai| ___ dakSiNa bhArata-dakSiNa bhArata meM RSabha ke yakSa ko vRSAnana nahIM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / vaha sadaiva caturbhuja hai / yakSa ke sAtha vAhana kA citraNa lokapriya nahIM thA / kannar3a zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya ko eka RSama mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, akSamAlA, parazu evaM phala haiN|' ayahola (karnATaka) ke jaina mandira (8vIM-9vIM zatI I0) kI caturbhuja mati meM lalita mudrA meM virAjamAna yakSa ke hAthoM meM padmakalikA, parazu, pAza evaM varadamudrA haiN|2 karnATaka ke zAntinAtha bastI kI eka mUrti meM vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa ke karoM meM padma, parazu, akSamAlA evaM phala pradarzita haiM / uparyukta mUrtiyoM se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM mukhya AyudhoM (parazu, akSamAlA evaM phala) ke pradarzana meM paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| yakSa kI bhujAoM meM padma aura pAza kA pradarzana uttara bhAratIya paramparA se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki uttara bhArata meM dasavIM zatI I0 meM gomukha yakSa kI svatantra evaM jina-saMyakta matiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha huaa| bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla se yakSa kI eka bhI mati nahIM milI hai| sarvAdhika matiyAM uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza meM utkIrNa huii| para svatantra mUrtiyAM kevala gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna se hI milI haiN| granthoM ke samAna zilpa meM bhI gomukha kA caturbhuja svarUpa hI lokapriya thA / zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM gaja-vAhana kA citraNa niyamita thA. para digaMbara sthaloM para vAhana (vaSama) kA citraNa kevala eka hI udAharaNa" meM milatA hai| digaMbara sthaloM kI matiyoM meM kevala paraza ke pradarzana meM hI digaMbara paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| digaMbara sthaloM para gomukha ke hAthoM meM pustaka. gadA, padma evaM dhana kA thailA meM se koI eka yA do Ayudha pradarzita haiN| ina AyudhoM kA pradarzana kalAkAroM kI kalpanA yA kisI aisI paramparA kI dena hai jo samprati upalabdha nahIM hai / zvetAMbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI gomukha ke sAtha kevala gajavAhana evaM pAza ke pradarzana meM hI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| isa kSetra meM gomukha kI do bhujAoM meM adhikAMzataH aMkuza evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiM jo sarvAnubhUti yakSa kA prabhAva hai| digaMbara sthaloM kI tulanA meM zvetAMbara sthaloM para gomUkha kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM adhika sthira rhiiN| gomukha kI dhAraNA nizcita hI ziva se prabhAvita hai| yakSa kA gomukha honA, usakA vRSabha vAhana aura hAthoM meM parazu evaM pAza jaise AyudhoM kA pradarzana ziva ke hI prabhAva kA saMketa detA hai| rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera kI mUrti (270) meM gomukha ke eka kara meM sarpa bhI pradarzita hai| DA0 banarjI ne gomukha yakSa ko ziva kA pazu evaM mAnava rUpa meM saMyukta aMkana mAnA hai| gomukha prathama tIrthaMkara AdinAtha (RSabhanAtha) kA yakSa hai| RSabhanAtha ko jaina dharma kA saMsthApaka evaM mahAdeva batAyA gayA hai| gomukha ke zIrSa bhAga ke dharmacakra ko isa AdhAra para AdinAtha ke dharmopadeza kA pratIkAtmaka aMkana mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1 annigerI, e0 ema0, e gAiDa TU di kannar3a risarca insTiTyUTa myUjiyama, dhAravAr3a, 1958, pR0 27 2 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', bu0Da0kA0ri0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 2-4, pR0 160 3 AkialAjikala sarve oNva maisUra, ainuala riporTa, 1939, bhAga 3, pR0 48 4 digambara sthaloM kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM gomukha dvibhuja hai| 5 sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ke 8 6 banarjI, je0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 562 7 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 96

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166 [jaina pratimAvijJAna (1) cakrezvarI yakSI zAstrIya paramparA cakrezvarI (yA apraticakrA)' jina RSabhanAtha kI yakSI hai| donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM cakrezvarI kA vAhana garuDa hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM cakra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM cakrezvarI kA aSTabhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja svarUpoM meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dvAdazabhuja svarUpa meM donoM paramparAoM meM cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM jina AyudhoM ke pradarzana ke nirdeza haiM, ve samAna haiN|2 zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA ke anusAra aSTabhuja apraticakrA kA vAhana garuDa hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, bANa, cakra evaM pAza aura bAMye hAthoM meM dhanuSa, vajra, cakra evaM aMkuza hone caahie| paravartI granthoM meM bhI sAmAnyataH inhIM AyudhoM ke ullekha haiM / AcAradinakara meM do vAma bhujAoM meM dhanuSa ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| phalataH eka bhUjA meM cakra nahIM pradarzita hai| rUpamaNDana evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM cakrezvarI kA dvAdazabhuja svarUpa varNita hai jisameM ATha bhujAoM meM cakra, do meM vajra aura zeSa do meM mAtuliMga evaM abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM cakrezvarI kA caturbhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja svarUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| inameM caturbhuja yakSI ke do karoM meM cakra aura zeSa do meM mAtuliMga evaM varadamudrA; tathA dvAdazabhuja yakSI ke ATha hAthoM meM cakra, do meM vajra aura zeSa do meM mAtuliMga evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM pratiSThAtilakam meM bhI samAna lakSaNoM vAlI caturbhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja cakrezvarI kA varNana hai| aparAjitapucchA meM dvAdazabhuja cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA ke sthAna para abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai|' 1 nirvANakalikA, triza.pu0ca0 evaM padmAnandamahAkAvya meM yakSI kA apraticakrA nAma se ullekha hai| 2 zvetAMbara granthoM meM devI kI eka bhujA se abhayamudrA para digaMbara granthoM meM varadamudrA vyakta hai| 3 apraticakrAbhidhAnAM yakSiNI hemavarNAM garuDavAhunAmaSTabhujAM / varadabANacakrapAzayuktadakSiNakarAM dhanurvanacakrAMkuzavAmahastAM ceti / / nirvANakalikA 18.1 tri020pu0ca0 1.3, 682-83; padmAnandamahAkAvya 14.282-83; maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 3.51 4 svarNAmA garuDAsanASTabhujayumvAme ca hastoccaye vanaM cApamathAMkuzaM gurudhanuH saumyAzayA bibhrtii| AcAradinakara 34.1 5 dvAdazabhujASTacakrANi vajrayodvaMyameva ca / mAtuliMgAbhaye caiva padmasthA garuDopari // rUpamaNDana 6.24 devatAmatiprakaraNa 7.66 / zvetAMbara paramparA kI dvAdazabhUja yakSI kA vivaraNa digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| 6 vAme cakrezvarIdevI sthApyadvAdazasadbhajA / dhatte hastadvayevaje cakrANI ca tthaassttsu|| ekena bIjapUraM tu varadA kamalAsanA / caturbhujAthavAcakraM dvayorgaruDa vAhanaM / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.15-16 7 bharmAmAdya karadvayAlakulizA cakrAMkahastASTakA savyAsavyazayollasatphalavarA yanmUrtirAstembuje / tAya vA saha cakrayugmarucakatyAgaizcatubhiH karaiH paMceSvAsa zatonnataprabhUnatAM cakrezvarI tAM yaje / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.156 pratiSThAtilakam 7.1 8 SaTpAdA dvAdazabhujA cakrANyaSTau dvivacakam / mAtuliMgAbhaye caiva tathA padmAsanA'pi ca // garuDoparisaMsthA ca cakrezI hemavarNikA / aparAjitapRcchA 211.15-16

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna] 167 tAntrika grantha cakrezvarI-aSTakam meM cakrezvarI ke bhayAvaha svarUpa kA dhyAna hai jisameM devI ke hAthoM kI saMkhyA kA ullekha kiye binA hI unameM cakroM, padma, phala evaM vajra ke dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai| tIna netroM evaM bhayaMkara darzana vAlI devI kI ArAdhanA DAkiniyoM evaM guhyakoM se rakSA evaM anya bAdhAoM ko dUra karane tathA samRddhi ke lie kI gaI hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-dakSiNa bhArata meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI kA dvAdazabhuja evaM SoDazabhuja svarUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| digaMbara grantha meM SoDazabhuja cakrezvarI ke bAraha hAthoM meM yuddha ke Ayudha, do ke goda meM tathA zeSa do ke abhayamudrA aura kaTakamudrA meM hone kA ullekha hai| zvetAMbara grantha (ajJAta-nAma) meM dvAdazabhuja yakSI ko trinetra batAyA gayA hai| yakSI ke ATha karoM meM cakra aura doSa cAra me zakti, vajra, varadamudrA evaM padma pradarzita haiN| yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM dvAdazabhaja cakrezvarI ke ATha hAthoM meM cakra, do meM vana evaM zeSa do meM mAtuliMga evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratIya zvetAMbara paramparA pUrI taraha uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| mUrti paramparA navIM zatI I0 meM cakrezvarI kA mUrta citraNa prArambha huaa| inameM devI adhikAMzataH mAnava rUpa meM nirUpita garuDa vAhana tathA cakra, zaMkha evaM gadA se yukta hai| gujarAta-rAjasthAna (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM-la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka aSTabhuja mUrti rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (67.152) meM surakSita hai / isameM garuDavAhanA yakSI kI UparI chaha bhujAoM meM cakra aura nIce kI do bhujAoM meM varadamudrA evaM phala pradarzita haiN| sevaDI (pAlI, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira (11vIM zatI I0) se milI dvibhuja cakrezvarI kI eka mUrti ke caraNoM ke samIpa garuDa tathA avaziSTa eka dAhine hAtha meM cakra utkIrNa hai| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki jaina devakula meM apraticakrA nAmavAlI devI kA mahAvidyA ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha hai| jaina granthoM meM catarbhajA apraticanA ke cAroM hAthoM meM cakra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai para zilpa meM isakA pUrI taraha pAlana na kiye jAne ke kAraNa gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM cakrezvarI yakSo evaM apraticakrA mahAvidyA ke madhya svarUpagata bheda sthApita kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hai| tathApi ina sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM kI vizeSa lokapriyatA, devI ke cakra, gadA evaM zaMkha AyadhoM tathA usake sAtha rohiNI, vairoTyA, mahAmAnasI evaM acchuptA mahAvidyAoM kI vidyamAnatA ke AdhAra para usakI pahacAna mahAvidyA se hI kI gayI hai| lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 10 ke vitAna para cakrezvarI kI eka aSTabhujI mUrti (1230 I.) hai| devI ke Asana ke samakSa pakSIrUpa meM garuDa banA hai| devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, vyAkhyAna-mudrA, challA, challA, padmakalikA, cakra evaM phala haiN| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-isa kSetra kI chaThI se navIM zatI I0 taka kI RSama mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA hI nirUpita hai| navIM zatI I0 ke bAda kI zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSI adhikAMzataH ambikA hI hai| kevala kucha hI zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM (10vI-12vIM zatI I0) meM cakrezvarI utkIrNa hai| aisI mUrtiyAM candrAvatI, vimalavasahI (garbhagRha evaM 1 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI', ja0o0I0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, pR0 297, 306 2 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 197-98 3 vahI, pR0 198 4 zarmA, brajendranAtha, 'anpablizDa jaina bronjez2a ina di nezanala myUjiyama', ja0o060, khaM0 19, aM03, pR0 276 5 DhAkI, ema0e0, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', majai0vi0goju0vA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 337-38 6 kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke vitAna ke 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa meM apraticakrA kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, cakra aura zaMkha pradarzita haiN| vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa ke 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika aMkana meM apraticakrA kI tIna surakSita bhujAoM meM cakra, cakra evaM phala haiN|

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168 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna devakulikA 25), prabhAsa - pATaNa evaM kaimbe' se milI haiM / inameM gamDavAhanA yakSI ke do hAthoM meM cakra evaM zeSa do meM zaMkha (yA vajra) evaM varada - (yA abhaya - ) mudrA pradarzita haiM / kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM ( 11vIM zatI I0) ke vitAnoM ke RSabha ke jIvanadRzyoM meM bhI caturbhujA cakrezvarI kI lalitamudrA meM do mUrtiyAM haiN| garuDavAhana kevala zAntinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM hI utkIrNa hai, jahAM yakSI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM ( citra 14 ) / mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti meM yakSI varadamudrA, gadA, sanAlapadma evaM zaMkha (?) se yukta hai ( citra 13) / lekha meM yakSI ko 'vaiSNavI devI' kahA gayA hai / uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA / inameM cakrezvarI adhikAMzataH caturbhujA hai / 3 cakrezvarI ke sAtha garuDavAhana aura cakra evaM zaMkha kA pradarzana niyamita thA / uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM - cakrezvarI kI prAcInatama svatantra mUrti isI kSetra se milI hai / tribhaMga meM khar3I yaha caturbhuja mUrti devagar3ha ke mandira 12 (862 I0) kI bhitti para hai / lekha meM devI ko 'cakrezvarI' kahA gayA hai / yakSI ke cAroM hAthoM meM cakra haiN| devI kA garuDavAhana dAhine pArzva meM namaskAra - mudrA meM khar3A hai / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka caturbhuja mUrti dhubelA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, navagAMva meM bhI surakSita hai / garuDavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM / kirITamukuTa se zobhita yakSI ke zIrSabhAga meM eka laghu jina AkRti utkIrNa hai / " samAna vivaraNoM vAlI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka anya caturbhuja mUrti bilhArI (jabalapura) se milI hai / . dasavIM zatI I0 meM hI cakrezvarI kI cAra se adhika bhujAoM vAlI mUrtiyAM mI utkIrNa huIM / do aSTabhuja mUrtiyAM ( 10vIM zatI I0) gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira ke zikhara para utkIrNa / donoM udAharaNoM meM garuDavAhanA yakSI lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai / dakSiNa zikhara kI mUrti meM yakSI ke surakSita hAthoM meM challA, vajra, cakra, cakra, cakra aura zaMkha pradarzita haiM / uttarI zikhara kI dUsarI mUrti meM yakSI ke avaziSTa karoM meM khaDga, Amralumbi (?), cakra, kheTaka, zaMkha aura gadA haiM / dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dazabhujA mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA ( DI 6) meM hai ( citra 44 ) / samabhaMga meM khar3I cakrezvarI kA garuDavAhana pakSI rUpa meM Asana ke nIce utkIrNa hai / yakSI ke nau surakSita karoM meM cakra haiN| zIrSa bhAga meM eka laghu jina AkRti evaM pArzvo meM do strI sevikAeM AmUrtita haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM sironI khurda (lalitapura) se milI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dazabhujA mUrti (je 883 ) hai / kirITamukuTa se zobhita garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI ke nau surakSita hAthoM meM vyAkhyAna-mudrA, padma, khaDga, tUNIra, cakra, ghaNTA, cakra, padma evaM cApa pradarzita haiN| UparI bhAga meM uDDIyamAna AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM | khajurAho se cakrezvarI kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI cAra svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / kirITamukuTa se zobhita garuDavAhanA yakSI eka udAharaNa meM SaDbhuja aura zeSa tIna meM caturbhuja hai / mandira 27 ( ke 27.50 ) kI SaDbhuja mUrti meM yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, challA, cakra, padma evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| do caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI abhayamudrA, gadA, 1 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR0 280-81 2 vimala sahI ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM varadamudrA ke sthAna para varadAkSa pradarzita hai / 3 sevar3I ke mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti meM yakSI dvibhujA aura rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (67.152) evaM lUNavasahI kI mUrtiyoM meM caturbhujA hai / 4 smaraNIya hai / ki yakSI kI cAroM bhujAoM meM cakra kA pradarzana devI para mahAvidyA apraticakrA kA spaSTa prabhAva darazAtA hai / 5 dIkSita, esa0 ke0, e gAIDa TU di sTeTa myUjiyama dhubelA (navagAMva), vindhyapradeza, navagAMva, 1957, pR0 16-17 6 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citrasaMgraha 104.2

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna 1 169 cakra evaM zaMkha (yA phala) se yukta hai / ' zAntinAtha mandira kI uttarI bhitti kI mUrti meM yakSI varadamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha ke sAtha nirUpita hai| cAra svatantra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I. ke madhya ke nau uttaraMgoM para bhI cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / uttaraMgoM kI mUrtiyoM meM kirITamukuTa se sajjita garuDavAhanA yakSo cAra se dasa bhujAoM vAlI haiM / tIna uttaraMga kramazaH pArzvanAtha, ghaNTaI evaM AdinAtha mandiroM meM haiN| khajurAho meM dasavIM zatI I0 meM hI cakrezvarI kI ATha aura dasa bhujAoM vAlI mUrtiyAM bho utkIrNa huI / ghaNTaI mandira (10 vIM zatI I0) ke uttaraMga kI mUrti meM aSTabhujA yakSI kI bhujAoM meM phala (?), ghaNTA, cakra, cakra, cakra, cakra, dhanuSa (?) evaM kalaza pradarzita haiN| pArzvanAtha mandira (10 vIM zatI I0) ke uttaraMga kI mUrti meM dazabhujA cakrezvarI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, gadA, cakra, padma (?), cakra, kAmuka, phalaka, gadA aura zaMkha nirUpita haiN| mandira 11 ke uttaraMga kI SaDbhuja mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, cakra, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha haiN| dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke chaha anya udAharaNoM meM yakSI caturbhajA hai (citra 57) / inameM yakSI ke UparI karoM meM gadA aura cakra tathA nIce ke karoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-) madrA aura zaMkha pradarzita haiN| ___ ina mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki khajurAho meM cakrezvarI kI cAra se dasa bhujAoM vAlI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM, kintu yakSI kA caturbhuja svarUpa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| garuDavAhanA yakSI ke sAtha cakra, zaMkha aura gadA kA aMkana niyamita thA / bahubhujI mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI ke atirikta karoM meM sAmAnyataH khaDga, kheTaka, dhanuSa aura padma pradarzita haiN| uttara bhArata meM cakrezvarI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM devagar3ha meM utkIrNa huIM, aura cakrezvarI kI prAcInatama jJAta mUrti bhI yahIM se milI hai| navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 meM cakrezvarI kI kevala caturbhuja mUrtiyAM hI banIM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM cakrezvarI kA caturbhuja ke sAtha hI SaDbhuja, aSTabhuja, dazabhuja evaM viMzatibhuja svarUpoM meM bhI nirUpaNa huaa| isa prakAra cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyoM ke mUrtivijJAnaparaka vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI devagar3ha kI mUrtiyAM bar3e mahatva kI haiM / khajurAho ke samAna hI yahAM bhI cakrezvarI kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM hI sarvAdhika saMkhyA meM banIM / kirITamukuTa se alaMkRta garuDavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM cakra, zaMkha evaM gadA kA niyamita aMkana huA hai| bahubhujI mUrtiyoM meM atirikta karoM meM sAmAnyataH khaDga, kheTaka, parazu evaM vajra pradarzita haiN| mandira 12, 5 evaM 11 ke uttaraMgoM para caturbhuja cakrezvarI kI tIna mUrtiyAM (10 vI-11 vIM zatI I0) utkIrNa haiN| inameM yakSI abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha se yukta hai| mandira 12 ke adhamaNDapa ke stambha kI eka caturbhuja mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) meM yakSo sthAnaka-mudrA meM AmUrtita hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha haiM / mandira 1, 4, 12 evaM 26 ke Age ke stambhoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) para bhI caturbhujA yakSI kI sAta mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM bhI yakSI ke karoM meM Upara varNita Ayudha hI pradarzita haiN| mandira 4 kI mUrti (1150 I.) meM yakSI kI akSamAlA dhAraNa kiye eka bhujA se vyAkhyAna-mudrA pradazita hai| mandira 1 ke bArahavIM zato I0 ke stambhoM ko do mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM cakra aura eka meM zaMkha (yA varadamudrA) haiN| mandira 9 ke uttaraMga kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM challA haiM / devagar3ha meM SaDbhuja cakrezvarI kI kevala eka hI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) hai| yaha mUrti mandira 12 kI dakSiNI cahAradIvArI para utkIrNa hai| garuDavAhanA yakSI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, cakra, cakra, gadA evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| aSTabhujA cakrezvarI kI tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiN| eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) mandira 1 ke pazcimI mAnastambha para utkIrNa 1 eka mUti AdinAtha mandira ke uttarI adhiSThAna para hai| 2 mandira 22 kI mUrti meM nicalI dAhinI bhujA meM mudrA ke sthAna para pana, AdinAtha mandira ke uttaraMga kI mUrti meM cakra ke sthAna para padma evaM jaina dharmazAlA ke samIpa kI mUrti meM Upara kI donoM bhujAoM meM do cakra pradarzita haiN| 22

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna hai| cakrezvarI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, gadA, bANa, challA, challA, vajra, cApa evaM zaMkha haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do mUrtiyAM kramazaH mandira 12 evaM 14 ke samakSa ke mAnastambhoM para haiN| donoM meM sthAnaka-mudrA meM khar3o yakSI ke samIpa hI garuDa kI mUrtiyAM bano haiN| mandira 12 ko mUrti meM yakSI ne khaDga, abhayamudrA, cakra, cakra, kheTaka, parazu evaM zaMkha dhAraNa kiyA hai| mandira 14 kI mUrti meM cakrezvarI daNDa, khaDga, abhayamudrA, cakra, cakra, cakra, parazu evaM zaMkha se yukta hai| dazabhujA cakrezvarI kI bhI kevala eka hI mUrti (mandira 11-mAnastambha, 1059 I0) hai (citra 45) / garuDavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, bANa, gadA, khaDga, cakra, cakra, kheTaka, vajra, dhanuSa evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM viMzatibhujA cakrezvarI kI tIna mUrtiyAM (11vIM zatI I0) haiM / do mUrtiyAM sthAnIya sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiM aura eka mUrti mandira 2 ke samIpa arakSita avasthA meM par3I hai| mandira 2 ke virUpita udAharaNa meM yakSI kI ekamAtra avaziSTa bhujA meM cakra pradarzita hai| sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti meM kevala sAta bhujAeM hI surakSita haiM, jinameM se cAra meM cakra aura zeSa tIna meM varadAkSa, kheTaka aura zaMkha pradarzita haiN| eka khaNDita bhujA ke Upara gadA kA bhAga avaziSTa hai| yakSI ke samIpa do upAsakoM, cAra cAmaradhAriNI sevikAoM evaM padma dhAraNa karanevAle puruSoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| zIrSabhAga meM eka dhyAnastha jina mUrti utkIrNa hai jo do khaDgAsana jina AkRtiyoM se veSTita hai| parikara meM do uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara yugaloM evaM do caturbhuja deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| dAhine pAvaM kI tIna sarpaphaNoM vAlI devI hai| padmAvatI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, sanAlapadma, satAlapadma evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / vAma pArzva meM jaTAmukUTa se zobhita sarasvatI nirUpita hai| sarasvatI kI nicalI bhujAoM meM vINA aura UparI meM sanAlapadma evaM pustaka haiN| sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya kI dUsarI mati meM cakrezvarI kI sabhI bhujAeM surakSita haiM (citra 46) / isa mati meM garuDavAhana (mAnava) caturbhuja hai / garuDa ke nIce ke hAtha namaskAra-mudrA meM haiM aura UparI cakrezvarI kA bhAra vAhana kara rahe haiN| dhammilla se zobhita cakrezvarI ke Upara uThe hue UparI do hAthoM meM eka cakra tathA zeSa meM cakra, khaDga, tUNIra (?), mudgara, cakra, gadA, akSamAlA, parazu, vaja, zRMkhalAbaddha-ghaNTA, kheTaka, patAkAyukta daNDa, zaMkha, dhanuSa, cakra, sarpa, zUla evaM cakra pradarzita haiN| akSamAlA dhAraNa karane vAlA hAtha vyAkhyAna-mudrA meM hai| cakrezvarI ke pAvoM meM do cAmaradhAriNI sevikAeM aura zIrSabhAga meM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM evaM tIna jinoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| eka khaNDita viMzatibhuja mUrti gaMdhAvala (devAsa, ma0pra0) se bhI milI hai' jisake eka hAtha meM cakra evaM parikara meM pAMca choTI jina mUrtiyAM surakSita haiN|| matiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha meM cakrezvarI ko vizeSa pratiSThA dI gaI thii| isI kAraNa cakrezvarI ke sAtha meM cAmaradhAriNI sevikAoM, uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM, gajoM evaM eka udAharaNa meM padmAvatI aura sarasvatI ko bhI nirUpita kiyA gyaa| kintu digaMbara paramparA ke anusAra cakrezvarI kI dvAdazabhuja mUrti devagar3ha meM nahIM utkIrNa huii| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM garuDavAhanA yakSI adhikAMzataH caturbhujA aura cakra, zaMkha, gadA evaM abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA se yukta hai| bajarAmaTha (gyArasapura, ma0 pra0) kI RSama mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM garuDavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM yahI upAdAna pradarzita haiN| khajurAho kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 kI 32 RSabha mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI AmUrtita hai / jJAtavya hai ki ina sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa vRSAnana nahIM hai, kintu yakSI sarvadA cakrezvarI hI hai| yakSI kA vAhana garuDa sabhI udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa hai| do udAharaNoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI dvibhujA hai aura usake drA evaM cakra pradarzita haiN| anya udAharaNoM meM yakSI caturbhujA hai| pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI mUrti meM yakSI abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha se yukta hai / do udAharaNoM meM gadA ke sthAna para padma pradarzita hai| dasa udAharaNoM meM 1 guptA, esa0 pI0 tathA zarmA, bI0 ena0, 'gaMdhAvala aura jaina mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, khaM0 19, aM0 1-2, pR0 130 2 zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya kI eka mUrti (ke 62) meM garuDa nahIM utkIrNa hai / 3 ke 44 evaM jADina saMgrahAlaya 4 zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya, ke 40, purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, 1667

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna 1 171 cakrezvarI ke UparI donoM hAthoM meM eka-eka cakra hai, aura chaha udAharaNoM meM kramazaH gadA evaM cakra haiN| nIce ke hAthoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA evaM zaMkha (yA phala yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiN|' sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka RSabha mUrti kI pIThikA para mUlanAyaka ke AkAra kI dvAdazabhujA cakrezvarI AmUrtita hai / yakSI kI sabhI bhujAeM bhagna haiM / devagar3ha kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI kama se kama 20 RSabha mUrtiyoM meM yakSI cakrezvarI hai| garuDavAhanA yakSI adhikAMzataH kirITamukuTa se zobhita hai| dasavIM zatI I0 kI kevala do hI RSabha mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI dvibhujA hai| inameM yakSI cakra evaM zaMkha se yukta hai| anya mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI caturbhujA hai| kevala mandira 4 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM cakrezvarI SaDbhujA hai aura usake surakSita karoM meM varadamudrA, gadA, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM / caturbhujA yakSI kI bhujAoM meM abhaya-(yA varada-) mudrA, gadA yA (yA padma), cakra evaM zaMkha (yA kalaza) haiN| __rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI 22 RSabha mUrtiyoM meM se kevala 10 udAharaNoM (10 vI-12 vIM zatI I0) meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI AmUrtita hai| cakrezvarI kevala eka mUrti (je 856, 11 vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhujA hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM cakra evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM / adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA (yA cakra), cakra evaM zaMkha haiN| eka mUrti (jI 322) meM yakSI kI cAroM bhujAoM meM cakra haiN| uraI kI eka mUrti (16.0.178, 11 vIM zatI I0) meM cakrezvarI aSTabhujA hai (citra 7) / jaTAmukuTa se zobhita cakrezvarI kI surakSita bhujAoM meM gadA, abhayamudrA, vajra, cakra, sarpa (?) evaM dhanuSa (?) pradarzita haiN| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA kI la. dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka RSabha mUrti (bI 21) meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI caturbhujA hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM zaMkha haiN| uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza kI digaMbara paramparA kI cakrezvarI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM cakrezvarI kI do se bIsa bhujAoM vAlI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huiiN| ye mUrtiyAM navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI haiM / svatantra evaM jina-saMzliSTa mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI kA caturbhuja svarUpa hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thaa| dvibhuja, SaDbhuja, aSTabhuja, dazabhuja evaM viMzatibhuja rUpoM meM bhI paryApta mUrtiyAM banIM jinakA digaMbara granthoM meM anullekha hai| cakrezvarI kI sarvAdhika svatantra evaM jina-saMzliSTa mUtiyAM isI kSetra meM utkIrNa huii| cakrezvarI ke sAtha garuDavAhana evaM cakra, zaMkha, gadA aura amaya(yA varada-) mudrA kA pradarzana dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ko mUrtiyoM meM niyamita thaa| digaMbara granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana kevala garuDavAhana evaM cakra aura varadamudrA ke pradarzana meM hI kiyA gayA hai / bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-isa kSetra meM kevala ur3IsA se cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyAM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) milI haiM jo navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM meM utkIrNa haiN| inameM garuDavAhanA yakSI dasa aura bAraha bhujAoM vAlI haiN| navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM dazabhujA yakSI yogAsana-mudrA meM baiThI aura jaTAmukuTa se zobhita hai| yakSI ke sAta hAthoM meM cakra tathA do meM kheTaka aura akSamAlA haiN| eka bhujA yogamudrA meM goda meM sthita hai| bArabhujI guphA kI dvAdazabhuja mUrti meM yakSI ke chaha dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, vajra, cakra, cakra, akSamAlA evaM khaDga aura tIna avaziSTa vAma bhujAoM meM kheTaka, cakra tathA 1 do udAharaNoM meM cakra (ke 79) evaM challA (purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho 1667) mI pradarzita haiN| 2 khajurAho ke viparIta devagar3ha kI RSabha mUrtiyoM meM cAra udAharaNoM meM ambikA evaM pandraha udAharaNoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI bhI AmUrtita haiN| 3 mandira 2 aura 19 / mandira 16 ke mAnastambha (12 vIM zatI I0) kI mUrti meM bhI yakSI dvibhujA hai aura usakI donoM bhujAoM meM cakra sthita haiN| 4 je 847, je 789, 66.59, 12.0.75 5 dvibhujA cakrezvarI kA nirUpaNa mukhyataH devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM hI huA hai / chaha se bIsa bhujAoM vAlI mUrtiyAM bhI mukhyataH inhIM sthaloM se milI haiM / 6 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 128

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172 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sanAla padma pradarzita haiM / ' bArabhujI guphA kI dUsarI dvAdazabhuja mUrti meM cakrezvarI ke tIna dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga aura cakra tathA tIna vAma karoM meM kheTaka, ghaNTA (3) evaM cakra pradarzita haiN| cauthI bAyIM bhujA vakSaHsthala ke samakSa hai| zeSa bhujAeM khaNDita haiM / uparyukta mUrtiyoM meM anyatra vizeSa lokapriya gadA evaM zaMkha kA pradarzana nahIM prApta hotA hai| gadA evaM zaMkha ke sthAna para khaDga aura kheTaka kA pradarzana huA hai| dakSiNa bhArata-dakSiNa bhArata kI mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI kA garuDavAhana kabhI-kabhI nahIM pradarzita hai, para cakra kA pradarzana niyamita thA / yakSI kI caturbhuja, SaDbhuja aura dvAdazabhuja mUrtiyAM milI haiN| puDukoTTA kI dasavIM zatI I0 ko eka RSabha mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSI ke hAthoM meM phala, cakra, zaMkha evaM abhayamudrA pradarzita haiN| caturbhujA cakrezvarI kI eka svatantra mUrti (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) kambar3a pahAr3I (karnATaka) ke zAntinAtha bastI ke navaraMga se milI hai| garuDavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM padma (yA phala) pradarzita haiM / eka caturbhuja mUrti jinanAthapura (karnATaka) ke jaina mandira kI dakSiNI bhitti para hai| garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI kI UparI bhujAoM meM cakra aura nicalI meM padma evaM varadamudrA pradarzita haiN| isI sthala kI eka anya mUrti meM garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI SaDbhuja hai| yakSI kI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, vajra, cakra, cakra, vajra evaM padma pradarzita haiN| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI eka anya SaDbhuja murti zravaNabelagolA (karnATaka) ke maNDora bastI kI RSabha mUrti meM utkIrNa hai| bambaI ke seNTa jeviyara kAleja ke iNDiyana hisTArikala risarca insTiTyUTa saMgrahAlaya kI eka RSabha mUrti meM dvAdazabhuja cakrezvarI utkIrNa hai| tribhaMga meM khar3I yakSI ke ATha hAthoM meM cakra, do meM vajra evaM eka meM padma pradarzita haiM / eka bhujA bhagna hai| dvAdazabhuja yakSI kI samAna vivaraNoM vAlI tIna anya mUrtiyAM karnATaka ke vibhinna sthaloM se milI haiN| dvAdazabhuja cakrezvarI kI eka mUrti elorA (mahArASTra) kI guphA 30 meM hai / garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI kI pAMca avaziSTa dAhinI bhujAoM meM padma, cakra, zaMkha, cakra evaM gadA haiM / yakSI kI kevala eka vAma bhujA surakSita hai, jisameM khaDga hai| uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM cakrezvarI ke sAtha zaMkha evaM gadA ke sthAna para bajra evaM padma kA pradarzana lokapriya thA / dvAdazabhUjA cakrezvarI ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH dakSiNa bhArata ke yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa ke nirdezoM kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata meM cakrezvarI vizeSa lokapriya thii| ambikA ke bAda cakrezvarI kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM milI haiN| cakrezvarI kI gaNanA jaina devakula kI cAra pramukha yakSiyoM meM kI gaI hai| anya pramukha yakSiyAM ambikA, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA haiM jo kramaza: nemi, pAvaM evaM mahAvIra kI yakSiyAM haiN| cakrezvarI kA utkIrNana navIM zatI I0 meM prArambha haa| devagar3ha ke mandira 12 kI mUrti (862 I0) cakrezvarI kI prAcInatama mUrti hai| para anya sthaloM para cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyAM dasavIM zatI I0 meM utkIrNa huii| cakrezvarI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM bniiN| isI samaya cakrezvarI ke svarUpa meM sarvAdhika mUrti vijJAnaparaka vikAsa huA aura usakI dvibhuja se viMzatibhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hii| zvetAMbara sthaloM para cakrezvarI kA zAstra-paramparA se alaga caturbhuja svarUpa meM nirUpaNa hI lokapriya thaa| smaraNIya hai ki zvetAMbara granthoM meM cakrezvarI ke aSTabhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja svarUpoM kA hI ullekha hai| digaMbara sthaloM para 1 vahI, pR0 130 2 vahI, pR0 133 3 bAla subrahmaNyama, esa0 Ara0 tathA rAjU, vI0 vI0, 'jaina vesTijez2a ina di puDukoTTA sTeTa', kvA0ja0 mai0sTe0, khaM0 24, aM0 3, pR0 213-14 4 zAha, yU0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 291 5 vahI, pR0 292 6. vahI, pR0 297-98 7 mUrtiyoM meM mAtuliMga ke sthAna para padma pradarzita hai|

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 173 cakrezvarI kI dvibhuja se viMzatibhuja mUrtiyAM bniiN|' para sarvAdhika mUrtiyoM meM cakrezvarI caturbhajA ho hai| cakrezvarI ke nirUpaNa meM sarvAdhika svarUpagata vividhatA digaMbara sthaloM para hI dRSTigata hotI hai| sabhI kSetroM kI mUrtiyoM meM garuDavAhana (mAnavarUpa meM) evaM cakra kA niyamita pradarzana huA hai jo jaina granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana hai| granthoM ke nirdezoM ke viparIta uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza meM gadA aura zaMkha, gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna meM eka bhujA meM zaMkha aura do bhujAoM meM cakra tathA ur3IsA meM khar3aga aura kheTaka kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| (2) mahAyakSa zAstrIya paramparA madAyakSa jina ajitanAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM mahAyakSa ko gajArUr3ha, caturmUkha evaM aSTabhaja kahA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM gajArUr3ha mahAyakSa kI dAhinI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, mudgara, akSamAlA, pAza aura bAyIM meM mAtuliMga abhayamudrA, aMkuza evaM zakti kA ullekha hai / 2 anya zvetAMbara granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM ke nAma haiN| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM gajArUr3ha mahAyakSa ke AyudhoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / pratiSThAsAroddhAra ke anusAra mahAyakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM khaDga (nistriza), daNDa, parazu evaM varadamudrA aura bAyeM meM cakra, trizUla, padma aura aMkuza hone cAhie / ' aparAjitapRcchA meM gajArUr3ha mahAyakSa kI ATha bhujAoM meM zvetAMbara paramparA ke anurUpa varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, mudgara, akSamAlA, pAza, aMkuza, zakti evaM mAtuliMga ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai| mahAyakSa ke sAtha gajavAhana aura aMkuza kA pradarzana hindU deva indra kA, yakSa kA caturmukha honA brahmA kA tathA parazu aura trizUla dhAraNa karanA ziva kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM sarpa para AsIna aura gaja lAMchana se yukta aSTabhuja mahAyakSa ke karoM meM khaDga, daNDa, aMkuza, parazu, trizUla, cakra, padma evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / zvetAMbara paramparA ke donoM granthoM meM bhI aSTabhuja evaM caturbhuja mahAyakSa ke karoM meM uparyukta AyudhoM kA hI ullekha hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM mahAyakSa kA 1 digaMbara sthaloM se cakrezvarI kI dvibhuja, caturbhuja, SaDbhuja, aSTabhuja, dazabhuja, dvAdazabhuja evaM viMzatibhuja mUrtiyAM milI haiN| 2 mahAyakSAbhidhAnaM yakSezvaraM caturmukhaM zyAmavarNaM mAtaMgavAhanamaSTapANi varadamudgarAkSasUtrapAzAnvitadakSiNapANiM bIja pUrakAbhayAMkuzazaktiyuktavAmapANipallavaM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.2 triza0pu0ca0 2.3.842-44; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-ajitasvAmIcaritra 19-20; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.27; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 173 3 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM mahAyakSa kA vAhana haMsa hai aura eka bhujA meM akSamAlA ke sthAna para vajra pradarzita hai / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.20 4 ajitazca mahAyakSo hemavarNazcaturmukhaH / ___ gajendravAhanArUDhaH svocitASTabhujAyudhaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.17 5 cakratrizUlakamalAMkuzavAmahasto nistrizadaNDaparazUdhavarAnyapANiH / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.130 6 zyAmo'STabAhuhaMstistho varadAbhayamudgarAH / akSapAzAGkuzAH zaktirmAtuliMgaM tathaiva ca // aparAjitapRcchA 221.44 7 smaraNIya hai ki ajitanAtha kA lAMchana bhI gaja hI hai| |

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna vAhana gaja aura ajJAtanAma dUsare grantha meM sarpaM kahA gayA hai|" isa prakAra spaSTa ki dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA mahAyakSa ke nirUpaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se sahamata hai / mahAyakSa ke sAtha sarpavAhana kA ullekha dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA kI navInatA hai / mUrti-paramparA yahAyakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / kevala devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI jina-saMzliSTa mUrtiyoM (11vIMsAtha yakSa kA aMkana prApta hotA hai (citra 15) / para kisI bhI udAharaNa meM yakSa sabhI mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA hai jisake hAthoM meM mudrA 12vIM zatI I0) meM hI ajitanAtha ke paramparA vihita lakSaNoM se yukta nahIM hai evaM phala ( yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiM / / (2) ajitA (yA rohiNI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA jina ajitanAtha kI yakSI ko zvetAMbara paramparA meM ajitA (yA ajitabalA yA vijayA) aura digaMbara paramparA meM rohiNI nAma diyA gayA hai / donoM paramparAoM meM caturbhujA yakSI ko lohAsana para virAjamAna batAyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM lohAsana para virAjamAna caturbhujA ajitA ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM pAza aura bAyeM hAthoM meM aMkuza evaM phala ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai / 3 anya granthoM meM bhI uparyukta lakSaNoM ke hI ullekha haiM / AcAradinakara evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM yakSI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM lohAsana ke sthAna para kramazaH gAya aura godhA kA ullekha hai / 5 digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM lohAsana para virAjamAna caturbhujA rohiNI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, zaMkha evaM cakra ke aMkana kA nirdeza hai / " anya granthoM meM bhI yahI vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / isa prakAra donoM paramparAoM meM kevala yakSI ke nAmoM evaM AyudhoM ke sandarbha meM hI bhinnatA prApta hotI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM ajitA ke mukhya Ayudha pAza evaM aMkuza, aura digaMbara paramparA meM rohiNI ke mukhya Ayudha cakra evaM zaMkha haiM / yakSI kA ajitA nAma sambhavataH usake jina ( ajitanAtha ) se tathA rohiNI nAma prathama mahAvidyA rohiNI se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara paramparA ke anusAra caturbhujA yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM cakra aura nIce ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura kaTakamudrA hone cAhie / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM makaravAhanA caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM vajra, aMkuza, kaTAra (saMku) evaM padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM dhAtu nirmita Asana para virAjamAna yakSI ke 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pu0ni0, pR0 198 2 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3 .... samutpannAmajitAbhidhAnAM yakSiNIM gauravarNA lohAsanAdhirUDhAM caturbhujAM baradapAzAdhiSThitadakSiNakarAM bIjapurakAMkuza - yuktavAmaka ceti // nirvANakalikA 18.2 4 tri0za0pu0ca0 2.3.845-46; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa- ajitasvAmIcaritra 21 - 22; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.52 5 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.21 6 devI lohAsanA rohiNyAkhyA caturbhujA / varadAbhayahastAsau zaMkhacakrojvalAyudhA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.18 7 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.157; pratiSThAtilakama 7.2, pR0 341; aparAjitapRcchA 221.16 8 mahAvidyA rohiNI kI eka bhujA meM zaMkha bhI pradarzita hai|

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 175 hAthoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, zaMkha evaM cakra kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata ke granthoM meM cakra, zaMkha, aMkuza evaM amaya-(yA varada-) mudrA ke pradarzana meM samAnatA prApta hotI hai / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa kA vivaraNa pUrI taraha , pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ke samAna hai| mUrti-paramparA gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra kI ajitanAtha mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa nahIM prApta hotA hai| para AbU, kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA, sAdarI, ghANerAva jaise zvetAMbara sthaloM para do UvaM karoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza dhAraNa karane vAlI caturbhujA devI kA nirUpaNa vizeSa lokapriya thaa| devI ke nicale karoM meM varada-(yA abhaya-) mudrA evaM mAtuliMga (yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiM / devI kA vAhana kabhI gaja aura kabhI siMha hai / devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna ajitA se kI jA sakatI hai| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-( ka ) svatantra mUrtiyAM-mAlAdevI mandira ( gyArasapura, vidizA ) evaM devagaDha se rohiNI kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiN| mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) uttarI maNDapa ke adhiSThAna para utkIrNa hai| isameM dvAdazabhujA rohiNI lalitamudrA meM lohAsana para virAjamAna hai| lohAsanake nIce eka aspaSTa sI pazu AkRti (sambhavataH gaja-mastaka) utkIrNa hai| yakSI ke chaha avaziSTa hAthoM meM padma, vajra, cakra, zaMkha, puSpa aura padma pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM rohiNI kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| eka mUrti (1059 I0) mandira 11 ke sAmane ke stambha para hai (citra 47) / isameM aSTabhujA rohiNI lalitamudrA meM bhadrAsana para virAjamAna hai| Asana ke nIce govAhana utkIrNa hai / rohiNI varadamudrA, aMkuza, bANa, cakra, pAza, dhanuSa, zUla evaM phala se yukta hai / dUsarI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) mandira 12 ke ardhamaNDapa ke samIpa ke stambha para hai / isameM govAhanA rohiNI caturbhujA hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, bANa, dhanuSa evaM jalapAtra haiN| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM yakSI kA apane viziSTa svatantra svarUpa meM nirUpaNa nahIM prApta hotA / devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI ajitanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA (yA khaDaga) evaM phala (yA jalapAtra) se yukta hai| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-isa kSetra meM kevala ur3IsA kI navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM se hI rohiNI kI mUrtiyAM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM ajita kI yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usakA vAhana gaja hai| yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, vajra, aMkuza aura tIna kAMTe vAlI koI vastu pradarzita haiN| kirITamukuTa se zobhita yakSI ke lalATa para tIsarA netra utkIrNa hai| yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM gajavAhana evaM vajra aura aMkuza kA pradarzana hindU indrANI (mAtRkA) kA prabhAva hai / bArabhujI guphA meM ajita ke sAtha dvAdazabhujA rohiNI AmUrtita hai / vRSamavAhanA rohiNI kI avaziSTa dAhinI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, zUla, bANa evaM khaDga aura bAyIM meM pAza (?), dhanuSa, hala, kheTaka, sanAla padma evaM ghaNTA (?) pradarzita haiM / yakSI kI eka bAyIM bhujA vakSaHsthala ke samakSa sthita hai| yakSI ke sAtha vRSabhavAhana evaM dhanuSa aura bANa kA pradarzana rohiNI mahAvidyA kA prabhAva hai| bArabhujI guphA kI eka dUsarI mUrti meM rohiNI aSTabhujA hai| vRSabhavAhanA yakSI ke zIrSa bhAga meM gaja-lAMchana-yukta ajitanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| rohiNI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, patAkA. 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 198 2 zvetAMbara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM kI vizeSa lokapriyatA, yakSiyoM kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kI alpatA evaM ajitanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA na utkIrNa kiyA jAnA, sa pahacAna meM bAdhaka haiN| 3 devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM para zvetAMbara paramparA kI mahAvidyA rohiNI kA prabhAva hai| govAhanA rohiNI mahAvidyA kI bhujAoM meM bANa, akSamAlA, dhanuSa evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 128 5 vahI, pR0 130

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176 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna aMkuza aura cakra evaM vAma karoM meM zaMkha (?), jalapAtra, vRkSa kI TahanI aura cakra haiN|' navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki isa kSetra meM rohiNI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM sthira nahIM ho pAyI thiiN| vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM yakSI kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA, jinake udAharaNa gyArasapura (mAlAdevI mandira), devagar3ha evaM ur3IsA meM navamuni aura bArabhujI guphAoM se mile haiN| digaMbara sthaloM kI ina mUrtiyoM meM rohiNI ke nirUpaNa meM adhikAMzataH zvetAMbara mahAvidyA rohiNI kI vizeSatAeM grahaNa kI gyiiN| kevala mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti meM hI vAhana aura AyudhoM ke sandarbha meM digaMbara paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| (3) trimukha yakSa zAstrIya paramparA trimukha jina sambhavanAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM use tIna mukhoM, tIna netroM aura chaha bhujAoM vAlA -tathA mayUravAhana se yukta batAyA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM trimukha yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM nakula, gadA evaM abhayamudrA aura bAyeM meM phala, sarpa evaM akSamAlA kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM kI carcA hai| mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM trimukha yakSa kA vAhana mayUra ke sthAna para sarpa hai| AcAradinakara ke anusAra yakSa nau netroM vAlA (navAkSa) hai|'' ___digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM trimukha yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM daNDa, trizUla evaM kaTAra (zitakartRkA), aura bAyeM meM cakra, khaDga evaM aMkuza diye gaye haiM / aparAjitapRcchA yakSa ke karoM meM parazu, akSamAlA, gadA, cakra, zaMkha aura varadamudrA kA ullekha karatA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA ke anusAra mayUra para ArUr3ha trimukha yakSa SaDbhuja hai aura usakI dAhinI bhujAoM meM trizUla, pAza (yA vajra) evaM abhayamudrA, aura bAyIM meM khaDga, aMkuza evaM pustaka (? yA khulI huI hathelI) rahate haiN| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha ke anusAra vIramarkaTa para ArUr3ha yakSa ke karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, kaTAra (kaTri), cakra, trizUla evaM daNDa hone cAhiye / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM tIna mukhoM evaM netroM vAle yakSa kA vAhana mayUra hai aura usake 1 vahI, pR0 133 . 2 ..."trimukhayakSezvaraM trimukhaM trinetraM zyAmavarNa mayUravAhanaM SaDbhujaM nakulagadAbhayayuktadakSiNapANiM mAtuliMganAgAkSasUtrA nvitavAmahastaM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.3 3 tri0zapu0ca0 3.1.385-86; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-sambhavanAthacaritra 17-18 4 sasanasthitirayaM trimukho madIyam / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.28 5 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 173 6 SaDbhujastrimukhoyakSastrinetra sikhivAhanaH / zyAmalAMgo vinItAtmA sambhavaM jinamAzritaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.19 7 cakrAsizRNyupagasavyasayonyahastadaMDatrizUlamupayan zitakartRkAca / vAjidhvajaprabhunataH zikhigoMjanAbhastrayakSaH pratikSatu bali trimukhAkhyayakSaH // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.131 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.3, pR0 332 8 mayUrasthastrinetrazca trivaktraH zyAmavarNakaH / parazvakSagadAcakra zaMkhA varazca SaDbhujaH // aparAjitapRcchA 221:45

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 177 hAthoM meM cakra, khaDga, daNDa, trizUla, aMkuza evaM satkIrtika (zastra) ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara granthoM ke vivaraNoM meM ekarUpatA hai| sAtha hI una para uttara bhArata ke digaMbara granthoM kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| mUrti-paramparA trimukha yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| sambhavanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI pAramparika yakSa kA utkIrNana nahIM huA hai| yakSa kA koI svatantra svarUpa bhI niyata nahIM ho sakA thaa| sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA yakSa samAnyataH dvibhuja hai / devagar3ha kI chaha mUrtiyoM (10vI-12vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA kalaza) ke sAtha tathA mandira 15 aura 30 kI do caturbhuja mUrtiyoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM varada-(yA abhaya-) mudrA, gadA, pustaka (yA padma) aura phala (yA kalaza) ke sAtha nirUpita hai| khajurAho kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM pAtra aura dhana kA thailA (yA mAtuliMga) haiN| (3) duritArI (yA prajJapti) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA duritArI (yA prajJapti) jina sambhavanAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM ise duritArI aura digaMbara paramparA meM prajJapti nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI caturbhujA aura digaMbara paramparA meM SaDbhujA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM meSavAhanA duritArI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura akSamAlA tathA bAyeM meM phala aura abhayamudrA haiN| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra tathA pamAnandamahAkAvya meM phala ke sthAna para sarpa kA ullekha hai| paravartI granthoM meM yakSI ke vAhana ke sandarbha meM paryApta bhinnatA prApta hotI hai / padmAnandamahAkAvya meM vAhana ke rUpa meM chAga (aja), mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM mayUra aura devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM mahiSa' kA ullekha hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM SaDbhujA yakSI kA vAhana pakSI hai| grantha meM prajJapti kI kevala cAra hI bhujAoM ke AyudhoM-arddhandu, parazu, phala evaM varadamudrA-kA ullekha hai / pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM pakSIvAhanA prajJapti ke karoM 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 198 2 kevala devagar3ha kI do mUrtiyoM meM yakSa caturbhaja aura svatantra lakSaNoM vAlA hai| 3 mandira 17 aura 19 kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa kI dAhinI bhujA meM abhayamudrA ke sthAna para gadA pradarzita hai| 4 purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1715) evaM mandira 16 5 ""duritAridevI gauravarNA meSavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadAkSasUtrayuktadakSiNakarAM phalAbhayAnvitavAmakarAM ceti / / nirvANakalikA 18.3 acAradinakara meM akSamAlA ke sthAna para muktAmAlA kA ullekha hai (34, pR0 176) / 6 dakSiNAbhyAMbhujAbhyAM tu varadenA'kSasUtriNA / vAmAbhyAM zobhamAnA tu phaNinA'mayadena ca / / triza.pu0ca0 3.1.388 7 padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-sambhavanAthacaritra 19-20 8 devI tuSAragirisodaradehakAntirdadyAt sukhaM zikhigatiH satataM parItAH / maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 3.53 9 duritArigauravarNA yakSiNI mahiSAsanA / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.23 10 prajJaptirdevatA zvetA ssddbhujaapkssivaahnaa| arddhanduparazuM dhatte phalAzrISTAvarapradA / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.20 23

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178 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna meM addhandu, parazu, phala, khaDga, ir3hI evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / ' pratiSThAtilakam meM ir3hI ke sthAna para piMDI kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapacchA meM SaDbhrajA yakSI ke do hAthoM meM khar3aga aura ir3hI ke sthAna para kramazaH abhayamudrA evaM padma diye gaye haiN| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM haMsavAhanA yakSI SaDbhujA hai aura usakI dakSiNa bhujAoM meM parazu, khaDga evaM abhayamudrA aura vAma meM pAza, cakra evaM kaTakamudrA kA ullekha hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM azvavAhanA yakSI dvibhujA hai jisakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA evaM padya diye gaye haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM pakSIvAhanA yakSI SaDbhujA hai tathA pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ke samAna, usakI kevala cAra bhujAoM ke Ayudha-ardhacandra, parazu, phala evaM varadamudrA-varNita haiN| mUrti-paramparA (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM-yakSI kI kevala do mUrtiyAM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM ur3IsA ke navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM meM haiN| inameM pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN| navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM padmAsana para lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna dvibhujA yakSI jaTAmukuTa aura hAthoM meM abhayamudrA evaM sanAla padma se yukta hai|" bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI caturbhujA hai| usakA vAhana (koI pazu) Asana ke nIce utkIrNa hai| yakSI ke do avaziSTa hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura akSamAlA haiM / (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI sambhavanAtha kI mUrtiyoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI AmUrtita hai / inameM yakSI dvibhujA aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| dvibhujA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA padma, yA khaDga yA kalaza) pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha kI eka mUrti meM yakSI caturbhujA bhI hai jisake tIna surakSita hAthoM meM varadamudrA, padma evaM kalaza haiN| sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki mUtaM aMkanoM meM yakSI kA koI pAramparika yA svatantra svarUpa niyata nahIM ho sakA thA (4) Izvara (yA yakSezvara) yakSa zAstrIya paramparA Izvara (yA yakSezvara) jina abhinandana kA yakSa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSa ko Izvara aura yakSezvara nAmoM se, para digaMbara paramparA meM kevala yakSezvara nAma se hI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usakA vAhana gaja hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM gajArUr3ha Izvara ke dAhine hAthoM meM phala aura akSamAlA tathA bAyeM meM nakula aura aMkuza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM ke ullekha haiN|' 1 pakSisthArdhenduparazuphalAsIDhIvaraiH sitA / "catuzcApazatoccAhadbhaktA prajJaptiricyate // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.158 2 ""kRpANapiNDIvaramAdadhAnAm / pratiSThAtilakam 7.3, pR0 341 3 abhayavaradaphalacandrAM parazurutpalam // aparAjitapRcchA 221.17 4 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 199 5 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 128 6 vahI, pR0 130 7 tattIrthotpannamIzvarayakSa zyAmavarNaM gajavAhanaM caturbhujaM mAtuliMgAkSasUtrayutadakSiNapANi nakulAMkuzAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.4 8 triza0pu0ca0 3.2.159-60; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.29; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 179 vigaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM gajArUr3ha yakSezvara ke karoM ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / ' pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSezvara kI dAhinI bhujAoM ke Ayudha saMka-patra aura khaDga tathA bAyIM ke kAmuka aura kheTaka haiN| pratiSThAtilakama meM saMkapatra ke sthAna para bANa kA ullekha hai / aparAjitapucchA meM yakSa kA caturAnana nAma se smaraNa hai jisakA vAhana haMsa tathA bhujAoM ke Ayudha sarpa, pAza, vajra aura aMkuza haiN| yakSezvara ke nirUpaNa meM gajavAhana evaM aMkuza kA pradarzana sambhavataH hindU deva indra kA prabhAva hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM aMkuza ke sAtha hI vajra ke pradarzana kA bhI nirdeza hai / aparAjitapacchA meM yakSa ke nAma, caturAnana, aura vAhana, haMsa, ke sandarbha meM hindU brahmA kA prabhAva bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-dakSiNa bhArata meM donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa gajArUr3ha yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usakI bhujAoM ke Ayudha abhayamudrA (yA bANa), khaDga, kheTaka evaM dhanuSa haiN|" mUrti-paramparA ___ yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| kevala abhinandana kI tIna mUrtiyoM (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa nirUpita hai| inameM se do khajurAho (pArzvanAtha mandira, mandira 29) tathA tIsarI devagar3ha (mandira 9) se milI haiN| inameM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA dvibhuja yakSa abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA kalaza) se yukta hai / (4) kAlikA (yA vajrazRMkhalA) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA kAlikA (yA vajrazRMkhalA) jina abhinandana kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI ko kAlikA (yA kAlI) aura digaMbara paramparA meM vajazrRMkhalA kahA gayA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM yakSI ko caturbhujA batAyA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA kAlikA ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura pAza evaM bAyeM meM sarpa aura aMkuza kA ullekha hai / anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM varNita haiM / vigaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM vajrazRMkhalA ke vAhana haMsa aura bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, nAgapAza, akSamAlA aura phala kA ullekha hai|' paravartI granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM kA varNana hai| __ dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana haMsa hai aura vaha bhujAoM meM akSamAlA, abhayamudrA, sapaM evaM kaTakamudrA dhAraNa kiye hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM yakSI kA vAhana kapi aura karoM meM cakra, 1 abhinandananAthasya yakSo yakSezvarAbhidhaH / hastivAhanamArUr3haH zyAmavarNazcaturbhujaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.21 2 preraMvaddhanuH kheTakavAmapANi saMkapatrAsyapasavyahastam / zyAmaM karisthaM kapiketubhaktaM yakSezvaraM yakSabhihArcayAmi // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.132 3 .""vAmAnyahastoddhRtabANakhaDgaM / pratiSThAtilakam 7.4, pR0 332 4 nAgapAzavajrAMkuzA haMsasthazcaturAnanaH / aparAjitapucchA 221.46 5 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 199 6 ..."kAlikAdevI zyAmavarNA padmAsanAM caturbhujAM varadapAzAdhiSThitadakSiNabhujAM nAgAMkuzAnvitavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 184 7 triza0pu0ca0 3.2.161-62; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176; maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 3.54 8 varadA haMsamArUDhA devatA vajazRMkhalA / nAgapAzAkSasUtroruphalahastA caturbhujA / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.22-23 9 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.159; pratiSThAtilakam 7.4, pR0 341; aparAjitapRcchA 221.18

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180 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna kamaNDalu, varadamudrA evaM padma haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM haMsavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, phala, pAza evaM akSamAlA kA varNana hai| vAhana haMsa evaM bhujAoM meM pAza, akSamAlA evaM phala ke pradarzana meM dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparAeM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna haiN| mUrti-paramparA (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM-vajrazRMkhalA kI tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM uttara pradeza meM devagar3ha se (mandira 12) evaM ur3IsA meM udayagiri-khaNDagiri kI navamuni aura bArabhujI guphAoM se milI haiM / inameM yakSI ke sAtha pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha kI mUrti (862 I0) meM jina abhinandana ke sAtha AmUrtita dvibhujA yakSI ko lekha meM 'bhagavatI sarasvatI' kahA gayA hai| yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA meM cAmara hai aura bAyIM jAnu para sthita hai| navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI caturbhujA hai tathA usakI bhujAoM meM abhayamudrA, cakra, zaMkha aura bAlaka haiM / kirITamukuTa se zobhita yakSI kA vAhana kapi hai| spaSTa hai ki yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM kalAkAra ne saMyukta rUpa se hindU vaiSNavI (cakra, zaMkha evaM kirITamakUTa) evaM jaina yakSI ambikA (bAlaka)3 kI vizeSatAeM pradarzita kI haiN| yakSI kA kapivAhana abhinandana ke lAMchana (kapi) se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI aSTabhujA aura padma para AsIna hai| yakSI ke do hAthoM meM upavINA (hArpa) aura do meM varadamudrA evaM vajra haiM / zeSa hAtha khaNDita haiN| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI jina abhinandana kI tIna mUrtiyoM (10 vIM-11 vIM zatI) meM yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI aura dvibhujA hai tathA usake karoM meM abhayamudrA evaM phala (yA kalaza) pradarzita haiN| _(5) tumbaru yakSa zAstrIya paramparA tumbaru (yA tumbara) jina sumatinAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM tumbaru ko caturbhuja aura garuDa vAhanavAlA kahA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM tumbaru ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM zakti aura bAye meM nAga evaM pAza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| do granthoM meM nAga ke sthAna para gadA kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM gadA aura nAga-pAza donoM ke ullekha haiN| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM nAga yajJopavIta se suzobhita caturbhuja yakSa ke do karoM meM do sarpa aura zeSa meM varadamudrA evaM phala kA varNana hai|' paravartI granthoM meM bhI inhIM vizeSatAoM ke ullekha haiN|' 1 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 199 2 mitrA, devalA, pU0ni0, pR0 128 3 bAlaka kA pradarzana hindU mAtRkA kA bhI prabhAva ho sakatA hai| 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 130 5 ""tumbaThyakSaM garuDavAhanaM caturbhujaM varadazaktiyuta-dakSiNapANi nAgapAzayuktavAmahastaM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.5 6 dakSiNau varadazaktidharau bAhU samudvahan / vAmau bAhU gadAdhArapAzayuktau ca dhArayan // triza0pu000 3.3.246-47 draSTavya, padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-sumatinAtha 18-19 7 .."varazaktiyuktahastau gadoragapapAzagavAmapANiH / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.30, draSTavya, AcAradinakara 34, pR0174 8 sumatestumbaroyakSaH zyAmavarNazcaturbhujaH / sarpadvayaphalaM dhatte varadaM parikIrtitaH / sarpayajJopavItosau khagAdhipativAhanaH / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.23-24 9 draSTavya, pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.133; pratiSThAtilakam 7.5, pR0 332; aparAjitapucchA 221.46

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181 -yakSa- yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana garuDa hai / usake do hAthoM meM sarpa aura zeSa do meM abhaya aura kaTaka - mudrAeM pradarzita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake karoM meM khaDga, phalaka, vajra evaM phala pradarzita haiM / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM nAgayajJopavIta se yukta yakSa ke do hAthoM meM sarpa, aura anya do meM phala evaM varadamudrA haiM / ' yakSa yakSI lakSaNa evaM digaMbara grantha ke vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna haiM / mUrti-paramparA tumbaru yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra 11 vIM zatI I0) meM hI yakSa AmUrtita hai / mUrti nahIM milI hai| kevala khajurAho kI do sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyoM (10 vIMinameM dvibhuja yakSa sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA aura abhayamudrA evaM phala se yukta hai / (5) mahAkAlI ( yA puruSadattA) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA mahAkAlI ( yA puruSadattA) jina sumatinAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI ko mahAkAlI aura digaMbara paramparA meM puruSadattA (yA naradattA) nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA ke anusAra caturbhujA mahAkAlI kA vAhana padma hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM ke Ayudha varadamudrA aura pAza tathA bAyeM ke mAtuliMga aura aMkuza haiM / paravartI granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / 4 kevala devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM pAza ke sthAna para nAgapAza kA ullekha hai / " digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturbhujA puruSadattA kA vAhana gaja hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, vajra evaM phala kA varNana hai / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / 7 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA -- digaMbara grantha meM gajArUr3ha yakSI kI UparI bhujAoM meM cakra evaM vajra aura nicalI meM abhaya evaM kaTaka mudrAeM ullikhita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvibhujA yakSI kA vAhana zvAn hai tathA hAthoM ke Ayudha abhayamudrA aura aMkuza haiM / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM gajavAhanA yakSI cakra, vajra, phala evaM varadamudrA se yukta hai / " caturbhujA yakSI ke ye vivaraNa uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita haiM / 1 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 199 1 2 ye mUrtiyAM pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI bhitti evaM mandira 30 meM haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 27 kI sumatinAtha kI mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai / 3 ....mahAkAlIM devIM suvarNavarNA padmavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadapAzA dhiSThitadakSiNakarAM mAtuliMgAMkuzayuktavAmabhujAM ceti // nirvANakalikA 18.5 4 draSTavya, tri0 za0pu0ca0 3.3.248-49; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.54; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa - sumatinAtha 19-20 ; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176 5 varadaM nAgapAzaM cAMkuzaM syAd bIjapUrakam / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.27 6 devI puruSadattA ca caturhastAgajendragA / rathAMgavajrazastrAsau phalahastA varapradA / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.25 gajendragAvajjra phalodyacakravarAM gahastA. / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.160 7 pratiSThAtilakam 7.5, pR0 342; aparAjitapucchA 221.19 8 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pu0ni0, pR0 200

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182 mUrti-paramparA puruSadattA kI kevala do svatantra mUrtiyAM madhya pradeza meM gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira tathA ur3IsA meM bArabhujI guphA se milI haiM / mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) maNDapa kI dakSiNI jaMghA para hai jisameM puruSadattA padmAsana para lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usakA gajavAhana Asana ke nIce utkIrNa hai / caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM khaDga, cakra, kheTaka aura zaMkha pradarzita haiM / gajavAhana evaM cakra ke AdhAra para devI kI pahacAna puruSadattA se kI gaI hai| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI dazabhujA hai aura usakA vAhana makara hai| yakSI ke avaziSTa dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, cakra, zUla aura khaDga tathA bAyeM hAthoM meM pAza, phalaka, hala, mudgara aura padma haiM / " khajurAho kI do sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM dvibhujA yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA puSpa) aura phala pradarzita haiM / vimalavasahI kI sumatinAtha kI mUrti meM ambikA nirUpita hai / [ jaina pratimAvijJAna (6) kusuma yakSa zAstrIya paramparA kusuma (yA puSpa) jina padmaprabha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana mRga batAyA gayA hai| yakSa ke kusuma aura puSpa nAma nizcita hI jina padmaprabha ke nAma se prabhAvita haiM / zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM mRga para ArUr3ha kusuma yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM phala aura abhayamudrA evaM bAyeM hAthoM meM nakula aura akSamAlA kA ullekha hai / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM 13 kevala mantrAdhirAjakalpa evaM AcAradinakara meM vAhana kramazaH mayUra aura azva batAyA gayA hai / 4 digaMbara paramparA -- pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM yakSa puSpa mRgavAhana vAlA aura dvibhuja hai / " aparAjitapRcchA meM bhI yakSa dvibhuja tathA mRga para saMsthita hai aura usake karoM meM gadA aura akSamAlA kA ullekha hai / pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM caturbhuja yakSa ke dhyAna meM usakI dAhinI bhujAoM meM zUla (kunta) aura mudrA tathA bAyIM meM kheTaka aura abhayamudrA kA varNana hai / " pratiSThAtilakama meM donoM vAma karoM meM kheTaka ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai / " dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa caturbhuja hai / usakI UparI bhujAoM meM zUla evaM kheTaka aura nicalI meM abhaya evaM kaTaka mudrAeM haiN| zvetAMbara granthoM meM mRgavAhana se yukta caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, zUla evaM phalaka kA varNana hai / " zvetAMbara granthoM ke vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita haiM / kusuma yakSa kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai / 1 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 130 2 kusumaMyakSaM nIlavarNaM kuraMgavAhanaM caturbhujaM phalAbhayayuktadakSiNapANi nakulakA sUtrayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.6 3 tri00pu0ca0 3.4.180 - 81; padmAnandamahAkAnya: pariziSTa- padmaprabha 16-17 4 rambhAdabhAbhavapureSakumArayAno yakSaH phalAbhayapurogabhujaH punAtu / babhruvakSadAmayutavAmakarastu || mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.31 nIlasturaMgagamanazca caturbhujADhayaH sphUrjatphalA bhayasudakSiNapANi yugmaH / babhrAkSa sUtrayutavAmakara dvayazca || AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 5 padmaprabhajinendrasya yakSo hariNavAhanaH / dvibhujaH puSpanAmAmau zyAmavarNaH prakIrtitaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.27 6 kusumAkhyau gadAkSau ca dvibhujo mRgasaMsthitaH / aparAjitapucchA 221.47 7 mRgArUhaM kuntakarApasavyakaraM sakheTAbhayasavyahastam / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.134 8 kheTobhodbhAsita savyahastaM kunteSTadAnasphuritAnyapANim / pratiSThAtilakam 7.6, pR0 333 9 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pu0ni0, pR0 200

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yakSa - yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] (6) acyutA ( yA manovegA) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA acyutA (yA manovegA) jina padmaprabha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI ko acyutA ( yA zyAmA yA mAnasI) aura digaMbara paramparA meM manovegA kahA gayA hai| donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM yakSI ko caturbhujA batAyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM naravAhanA acyutA ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA evaM vINA tathA vAma meM dhanuSa evaM abhayamudrA kA varNana hai / ' anya granthoM meM vINA ke sthAna para pAza yA bANa ke ullekha haiM / AcAradinakara meM yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM pAza evaM varadamudrA aura bAyeM meM mAtuliMga evaM aMkuza kA ullekha hai / digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturbhujA azvavAhanA manovegA ke kevala tIna karoM ke AyudhoM - varadamudrA, kheTaka evaM khaDga kA ullekha hai / " anya granthoM meM cauthI bhujA meM mAtuliMga varNita hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM azvavAhanA manovegA ke karoM meM vajra, cakra, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / 7 183 zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma 14vIM mahAvidyA acyutA se grahaNa kiyA gyaa| hAthoM meM bANa evaM dhanuSa kA pradarzana bhI sambhavataH mahAvidyA acyutA kA hI prabhAva hai / yakSI kA naravAhana sambhavataH mahAvidyA mahAkAlI se prabhAvita hai / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA nAma manovegA hai, para usakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM (azvavAhana, khaDga, kheTaka ) mahAvidyA acyutA se prabhAvita haiM / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM azvavAhanA yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM khaDga evaM kheTaka aura nIce ke hAthoM meM abhaya evaM kaTaka - mudrA kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM mRgavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, zara evaM cApa kA varNana hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM azvavAhanA yakSI varadamudrA, kheTaka, khaDga evaM mAtuliMga se yukta hai / " dakSiNa bhArata ke donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM yakSI ke sAtha azvavAhana evaM khaDgaM aura kheTaka ke pradarzana uttara bhArata ke digaMbara paramparA se sambandhita ho sakate haiM / mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI cAra svatantra mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, khajurAho, gyArasapura evaM bArabhujI guphA se milI haiM / " devagar3ha ke mandira 12 (862 I0) kI bhitti para padmaprama ke sAtha 'sulocanA' nAma kI avAnA yakSI nirUpita hai / " caturbhujA yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM dhanuSa, bANa evaM padma haiM tathA cauthA jAnu para sthita 1 acyutAM devIM zyAmavarNAM naravAhanAM caturbhujAM varadavINAnvitadakSiNakarAM kArmukAmayayutavAmahastAM // nirvANakalikA 18.6 2 tri0 za0pu0ca0 3.4.182 - 83; padmAnandamahAkAvya - pariziSTa 6. 17-18 3 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.55; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.29 4 zyAmA caturbhujadharA naravAhanasthA pAzaM tathA ca varadaM kArayordadhAnA / vAmAnyayostadanu sundarabIjapUraM tIkSNAMkuzaM ca parayoH ....... // AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176 5 turaMgavAhanA devI manovegA caturbhujA / varadA kAMcanA chAyA siddhAsiphalakAyudhA / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.28 6 manovegA saphalakaphalakhaDgavarAcyate / pratiSThAsArodvAra 3. 161; pratiSThAtilakam 7.6, pR0 342 7 caturvaNA svarNavarNA'zanicakraphalaM varam / azvavAhanasaMsthA ca manovegA tu kAmadA || aparAjitapRcchA 221.20 8 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 200 9 ye sabhI digaMbara sthala haiM / 10 ji060 de0, pR0 107

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184 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna hai / yakSI kA nirUpaNa 14vIM mahAvidyA acyutA se prabhAvita hai / " gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira kI dakSiNI bhitti para eka aSTabhuja mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) hai / isameM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSI ke Asana ke nIce azvavAhana utkIrNa hai / yakSI ke avaziSTa hAthoM meM khaDga, padma, kalaza, ghaNTA, phalaka, Amralumbi evaM mAtuliMga pradarzita haiN| khajurAho ke purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya meM bhI caturbhujA manovegA kI eka mUrti (kramAMka 940 ) hai / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI isa sthAnaka mUrti meM yakSI kA azvavAhana pIThikA para utkIrNa hai / yakSI ke eka avaziSTa hAtha meM sanAla padma hai| yakSI ke pAvoM meM do strI sevikAoM evaM upAsakoM kI mUrtiyAM haiN| yakSI ke skandhoM ke Upara caturbhuja sarasvatI kI do laghu mUrtiyAM banI haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM caturbhujA yakSI haMsavAhanA hai / yakSI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, vajra (?), zaMkha (?) aura patAkA pradarzita haiM / uparyukta mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti ke atirikta anya meM sAmAnyataH azvavAhana evaM khaDga aura kheTaka ke pradarzana meM digaMbara paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / (7) mAtaMga yakSa zAstrIya paramparA siMha hai| mAtaMga jina supArzvanAtha kA yakSa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM mAtaMga kA vAhana gaja aura digaMbara paramparA meM 'zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM caturbhuja mAtaMga ko gajArUr3ha tathA dAhine hAthoM meM bilvaphala aura pAza evaM bAyeM meM nakula aura aMkuza se yukta kahA gayA hai|" AcAradinakara meM pAza evaM nakula ke sthAna para kramazaH nAgapAza aura vajra kA ullekha hai / anya granthoM meM nirvANakalikA ke hI Ayudha ullikhita haiM / 7 mAtaMga ke sAtha gajavAhana evaM aMkuza aura vajra kA pradarzana hindU deva indra kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai / digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM dvibhuja yakSa ke karoM meM vajra evaM daNDa ke vAhana kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM mAtaMga kA vAhana siMha hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM hai| aparAjita pRcchA meM mAtaMga kA vAhana meSa hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM gadA aura pAza varNita hai / 1" dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA -- donoM paramparAoM meM mAtaMga ( yA varanaMdi) kA vAhana siMha hai / zvetAMbara evaM digaMbara granthoM meM dvibhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM trizUla evaM daNDa kA ullekha hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM caturbhuja yakSa kA karoM meM trizUla, 1 mahAvidyA acyutA kA vAhana azva hai aura usake hAthoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, zara evaM cApa pradarzita haiN| osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira para samAna lakSaNoM vAlI mahAvidyA acyutA kI do mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 2 padma kA nicalA bhAga zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai / 3 sarasvatI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, pustaka evaM jalapAtra haiM / 4 mitrA, debalA, pu0ni0, pR0 130 5 mAtaMgayakSaM nIlavarNaM gajavAhanaM caturbhujaM bilvapAzayuktadakSiNapANi nakulakAMkuzAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.7 6 nIlogajendragamanazca caturbhujopi bilvAhipAzayutadakSiNapANiyugmaH / pradarzana kA nirdeza hai, para daNDa aura zUla kA varNana vajra kuzapraguNitIkRtavAmapANirmAtaMgarAD .... 7 tri0 za0pu0ca0 3.5.110-11; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa - supArzvanAtha 18-19; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.32 8 supArzvanAthadevasya yakSo mAtaMga saMjJakaH / farstatusosau kRSNavarNaH prakIrtitaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.29 9 siMhAdhirohasya sadaNDazUlasavyAnyapANeH kuTilAnanasya / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.135; pratiSThAtilakam 7.7, pR0 333 10 mAtaMgaH syAd gadApAzI dvibhujo meSavAhanaH / aparAjita pRcchA 221.47 .... // AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 185 daNDa evaM do meM padma ke sAtha dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki yahAM bhI dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| mUrti-paramparA vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa se saTe uttarI chajje para eka devatA kI atibhaMga meM khar3I SaDbhuja mUrti utkIrNa hai| devatA kA vAhana gaja hai| usake cAra hAthoM meM vajra, pAza, abhayamudrA evaM jalapAtra haiM tathA zeSa do mudrAeM vyakta karate haiN| devatA kI sambhAvita pahacAna mAtaMga se kI jA sakatI hai / mAtaMga kI koI aura svatantra mUrti nahIM prApta hotI hai| vibhinna kSetroM kI supAzrvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa kA citraNa prApta hotA hai / para inameM pAramparika yakSa nahIM nirUpita hai| supArzva se sambaddha karane ke uddezya se yakSa ko sAmAnyataH sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai / devagar3ha ke mandira 4 kI mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM tIna sapaMphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dvibhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM puSpa evaM kalaza haiM / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 935, 11vIM zatI I0) kI eka mUrti meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatravAlA yakSa caturbhuja hai jisake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, cakra, cakra evaM cakra pradarzita haiN| kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira ke gUr3hamaNDapa ti (1157 I0) meM gajArUr3ha yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM dhana kA thailA haiM / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 19 kI mUrti meM bhI gajArUr3ha yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala pradarzita haiN| (7) zAntA (yA kAlI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA zAntA (yA kAlI) jina supArzvanAtha ko yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA zAntA gajavAhanA evaM digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhajA kAlI vaSabhavAhanA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM gajavAhanA zAntA kI dakSiNa bhujAoM meM varadamudrA aura akSamAlA evaM vAma meM zUla aura abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai / AcAradinakara meM akSamAlA ke sthAna para muktAmAlA evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM zUla ke sthAna para trizUla' ke ullekha haiM / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSI mAlinI evaM jvAlA nAmoM se sambodhita hai / grantha ke anusAra gajavAhanA yakSI bhayAnaka darzana vAlI hai aura usake zarIra se jvAlA nikalatI hai| yakSI ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA, akSamAlA, pAza evaM aMkuza kA varNana hai / 1 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 200 2 kumbhAriyA evaM vimalavasahI kI uparyukta donoM hI mUrtiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM zvetAMbara granthoM meM varNita mAtaMga kI vizeSatAoM se mela khAtI haiN| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara sthaloM para inhIM lakSaNoM vAle yakSa ko sabhI jinoM ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai aura usakI pahacAna sarvAnUbhUti se kI gaI hai| jJAtavya hai ki kumbhAriyA kI supArzva-mUrti meM yakSI ambikA hI hai| 3 zAntAdevIM suvarNavarNA gajavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadAkSasUtrayuktadakSiNakarAM zUlAbhayayutavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.7; tri0zapu0ca0 3.5.112-13; padyAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-supArzvanAtha 19-20 4 ." lasanmuktAmAlAM varadamapi savyAnyakarayoH / AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176 5 varadaM cAkSasUtraM cAbhayaM tasmAstrizUlakam / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.31 / 6 jvAlAkarAlavadanA dviradendrayAnA dadyAt sukhaM varamatho japamAlikAM ca / pAzaM zRNi mama ca pANicatuSTayena jvAlAbhidhA ca dadhatI kila mAlinIva // mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.56 24

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186 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM vRSabhArUr3hA kAlI ke karoM meM ghaNTA, trizUla, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / ' anya granthoM meM trizUla ke sthAna para zUla milatA hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM mahiSavAhanA kAlI kA aSTabhuja rUpa meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| kAlI ke hAthoM meM trizUla, pAza, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, cakra, abhayamudrA evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai / digaMbara paramparA kI vRSabhavAhanA yakSI kAlI kA svarUpa hindU kAlI aura zivA se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM vRSabhavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM trizUla, ghaNTA, abhayamudrA evaM kaTakamudrA kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana mayUra hai| yakSI ko do bhujAeM aMjalimudrA meM haiM aura zeSa do meM varadamudrA evaM akSamAlA haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM vRSabhArUr3hA yakSI ke hAthoM meM ghaNTA, trizUla evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA evaM yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa ke vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna haiN| mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke sAtha pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM supAvaM kI caturbhujA yakSI mayUravAhi (nI) nAmavAlI hai| mayUravAhana se yukta yakSI ke karoM meM vyAkhyAnamudrA, cAmara-padma, pustaka evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa spaSTata: sarasvatI se prabhAvita hai| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI aSTabhujA hai aura usakA vAhana sambhavataH mayUra hai / yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, phaloM se bharA pAtra, zUla (?) evaM khaDga aura vAma meM kheTaka, zaMkha, mudgara (?) evaM zUla pradarzita haiN| jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSI kA pAramparika yA koI svatantra svarUpa nahIM parilakSita hotA hai| devagar3ha (mandira 4) evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 935) kI do supArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM tIna sapaMphaNoM ke chatroMvAlI dvibhuja yakSI ke hAthoM meM puSpa (yA padma) aura kalaza pradarzita haiN| kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra evaM neminAtha mandiroM kI do mUtiyoM meM yakSI ambikA hai| para vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 19 kI mUrti meM supArzva ke sAtha yakSI rUpa meM padmAvatI nirUpita hai|' (8) vijaya (yA zyAma) yakSa zAstrIya paramparA vijaya (yA zyAma) jina candraprabha kA yakSa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM dvibhuja vijaya kA vAhana haMsa hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhuja zyAma kA vAhana kapota hai| 1 sitagovRSabhArUDhA kAlidevI cturmujaa| __ghaNTAtrizUlasaMyuktaphalahastAvarapradA ||prtisstthaasaarsNgrh 5.30 2 sitA govRSagA ghaNTAM phalazUlavarAvRtAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.161; pratiSThAtilakam 7.7 pR0 342 3 kRSNA'STabAhustrizUlapAzAMkuzadhanuHzarA / cakrAbhayavaradAzca mahiSasthA ca kAlikA // aparAjitapRcchA 221.21 4 rAva, TI0 e0 gopInAtha, elimenTsa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, vArANasI, 1971 (pu0ma0), pR0366 5 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 200 6 ji0i0de0, pR0 105 7 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 121 8 tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI yakSI kA vAhana sambhavataH kukkuTa-sapaM hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiN| .

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yakSa - yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] 187 zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM dvibhuja vijaya trinetra hai aura usakA vAhana haMsa hai| vijaya ke dAhine hAtha meM cakra aura bAyeM meM mudgara hai / ' anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / padmAnandamahAkAvya meM cakra ke sthAna para khaDga kA ullekha hai / digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturbhuja zyAma trinetra hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM phala, akSamAlA, parazu evaM varadamudrA 13 grantha meM vAhana kA anullekha hai / pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSa kA vAhana kapota batAyA gayA hai / 4 aparAjita pRcchA meM yakSa ko vijaya nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai aura usake do hAthoM meM phala aura akSamAlA ke sthAna para pAza aura abhayamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / " dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara paramparA meM haMsa para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa kI eka bhujA se abhayamudrA ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM kapota vAhana se yukta caturbhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM kazA, pAza, varadamudrA evaM aMkuza varNita haiM / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM kapota para ArUr3ha yakSa trinetra hai aura usake karoM meM phala, akSamAlA, parazu evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / prastuta vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA kA anukaraNa hai / mUrti-paramparA yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM (9vIM - 12vIM zatI I0) meM candraprabha kA yakSa sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA hai / inameM dvibhuja yakSa abhayamudrA ( yA phala ) evaM dhana ke thaile (yA phala yA kalaza yA puSpa) se yukta hai / devagar3ha ke mandira 21 kI mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiM / (8) bhRkuTi ( yA jvAlAmAlinI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA bhRkuTi ( yA jvAlAmAlinI) jina candraprabha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA bhRkuTi (yA jvAlA) kA vAhana varAla (yA marAla ) hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM aSTabhujA jvAlAmAlinI kA vAhana mahiSa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM caturbhujA bhRkuTi kA vAhana' varAha hai aura usakI dAhinI bhujAoM meM khaDga evaM mudgara aura bAyoM meM phalaka evaM parazu kA varNana hai / ' anya grantha AyudhoM ke sandarbha meM ekamata haiM, para vAhana ke 1 vijayayakSaM haritavarNaM trinetraM haMsavAhanaM dvibhujaM dakSiNahastecakraM vAme mudgaramiti / nirvANakalikA 18.8 2 tri00pu0ca0 3.6.108; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.33; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa - candraprabha 17; tri0za0pu0ca0 evaM padmAnandamahAkAvya meM yakSa ke trinetra hone kA ullekha nahIM hai / 3 candraprabhajinendrasya zyAmo yakSaH trilocanaH / phalAkSasUtrakaM dhatte parasuM ca varapradaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.31 4 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.136 5 pazupAzAbhayavarAH kapote vijayaH sthitaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.48 6 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 201 7 jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, khajurAho, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je881) evaM ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (295 ) meM haiM / 8 grantha ke pAda TippaNI meM usakA pAThAntara virAla diyA hai / 9 bhRkuTidevI pItavarNAM varAha ( biDAla ? ) vAhanAM caturbhujAM / khaDgamudgarAnvitadakSiNabhujAM phalakaparazuyutavAmahastAM ceti // nirvANakalikA 18.8

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188 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sandarbha meM unameM paryApta bhinnatA prApta hotI hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSI kI bhujA meM phalaka ke sthAna para mAliMga milatA hai|' AcAravinakara evaM pravacanasAroddhAra meM yakSI kA vAhana biDAla yA varAlaka batAyA gayA hai / 2 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra evaM padmAnandamahAkAvya meM vAhana haMsa hai / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM vAhana siMha hai|" digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM aSTabhujA jvAlinI kA vAhana mahiSa hai aura usake karoM meM bANa, cakra, trizala aura pAza kA varNana hai| anya karoM ke AyudhoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM aSTamajA jvAlinI ke hAthoM meM cakra, dhanuSa, pAza, carma, trizUla, bANa, matsya evaM khaDga ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / pratiSThAtilakama meM aSTabhujA yakSI ke karoM meM pAza, carma evaM trizUla ke sthAna para nAgapAza, phalaka evaM zUla ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM jvAlAmAlinI caturbhujA hai / yakSI kA vAhana vRSabha hai aura usake karoM meM ghaNTA, trizUla, phala evaM varadamudrA pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA nirUpaNa gyArahavIM mahAvidyA mahAjvAlA (yA jvAlAmAlinI) se prabhAvita hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM vRSabhavAhanA yakSo aSTabhujA hai| jvAlAmaya mukuTa se zobhita yadI ke dakSiNa karoM meM trizala, zara, sarpa evaM abhayamudrA, aura vAma meM vajra, cApa, sarpa evaM kaTakamudrA kA varNana hai| vetAMbara granthoM meM mahiSavAhanA yakSI aSTabhujA hai| ajJAtanAma eka grantha meM yakSI ke hAthoM meM cakra, makara, patAkA. bANa. dhanaSa, trizala, pAza evaM varadamudrA varNita haiM / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM bANa, cakra, trizUla, varadamudrA (yA phala), kAmaMka. pAza. ma evaM kheTaka dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai|" spaSTataH dakSiNa bhArata kI donoM paramparAoM ke vivaraNa uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita haiN| yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki padmAvatI ke bAda karnATaka meM jvAlAmAlinI hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thii| jvAlAmAlinI ke bAda lokapriyatA ke krama meM ambikA kA nAma thA / 12 mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI kevala do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhUjI gaphA ke sAmahika citraNoM meM utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM candraprabha ke sAtha 'sumAlinI' nAma kI caturbhujA yakSI Amatita hai (citra 48) / 13 yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM khaDga, abhayamudrA evaM kheTaka pradarzita haiM; cauthI bhujA jAnu para sthita hai / vAma pAvaM 1 pItA varAhagamanA hyasimudgarAMkA bhUyAt kuThAraphalabhRd bhRkuTiH sukhAya / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.57 2 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176; pravacanasAroddhAra 8 3 tri0za0pu0ca0 3.6.109-10 4 padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-candraprabha 18-19 5 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.33 6 jvAlinI mahiSArUDhA devI zvetA bhujASTakA / ___ kANDaMcakraMtrizUlaM ca dhatte pAzaM ca mU(ka)SaM // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.32 7 candrojjvalAM cakrazarAsapAza carmatrizUleSujhaSAsihastAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.162 8 cakra cApamahIzapAzaphalake savyazcatubhiH karairanyaH / zUlamidhU jhaSaM jvaladasi dhatte'tra yA durjayA // pratiSThAtilakam 7.8, pR0 343 9 kRSNA caturbhujA ghaNTA trizUlaM ca phalaM varam / / padmAsanA vRSArUDhA kAmadA jvAlamAlinI // aparAjitapRcchA 221.22 10 jaina paramparA meM mahAvidyA mahAjvAlA kA vAhana mahiSa, zUkara, haMsa evaM biDAla batAyA gayA hai / digaMbara granthoM meM mahAvidyA ke hAthoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, bANa aura dhanuSa pradarzita haiN| 11 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 201 12 desAI. pI0bI. jainijama ina sAUtha iNDiyA aiNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, zAlApura, 1963, pR0 172 13 ji0i030, pR0 107

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 189 meM siMhavAhana utkIrNa hai| sumAlino kA lAkSaNika svarUpa nizcita hI 16 vI mahAvidyA mahAmAnasI se prabhAvita hai|' bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM siMhavAhanA yakSI dvAdazabhujA hai / yakSI kI dAhinI bhujAoM meM varadamudrA, kRpANa, cakra, bANa, gadA (?) evaM khaDga aura bAyIM meM varadamudrA, kheTaka, dhanuSa, zaMkha, pAza evaM ghaNTa pradarzita haiN| siMhavAhana ke atirikta mUrti kI anya vizeSatAeM sAmAnyataH digaMbara granthoM se mela khAtI haiN| jina-saMyakta mUrtiyAM (9 vIM-12 vIM zatI I0) kauzAmbI, devagar3ha, khajurAho, evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiN| inameM adhikAMzataH dvibhujA yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA (yA puSpa) aura phala (yA kalaza yA puSpa) pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha (mandira 20, 21) evaM khajurAho (mandira 32) kI tIna candraprabha mUrtiyoM meM yakSI catarbhajA hai| yakSI ke do hAthoM meM padma evaM pustaka, aura zeSa do meM abhayamudrA, kalaza evaM phala meM se koI do pradarzita haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSI ko pAramparika yA svatantra svarUpa meM abhivyakti nahIM milii| (9) ajita yakSa zAstrIya paramparA ajita jina suvidhinAtha (yA puSpadanta) kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana kUrma hai / zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANa kalikA meM caturbhuja ajita ke dakSiNa karoM meM mAtuliMga evaM akSasUtra aura vAma meM nakala evaM zala kA varNana hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM ke ullekha haiN| para mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM akSasUtra ke sthAna para abhayamudrA aura AcAradinakara meM zUla ke sthAna para atula ratnarAzi ke pradarzana ke nirdeza haiM / digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM kUrma para ArUr3ha ajita ke hAthoM meM phala, akSasUtra, zakti evaM varadamudrA varNita haiN|" paravartI granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM ke ullekha haiN| uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki digaMbara paramparA zvetAMbara paramparA kI anugAminI hai / nakula ke sthAna para varadamudrA kA ullekha digaMbara paramparA kI navInatA hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM kUrma para ArUr3ha ajita caturbhuja hai| digaMbara grantha meM yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM akSamAlA evaM abhayamudrA aura bAyeM meM zUla evaM phala kA ullekha hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM yakSa ke hAthoM meM kazA, daNDa, trizUla evaM parazu ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM phala, akSasUtra, trizUla evaM varadamadA kA ullekha hai| donoM paramparAoM ke vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita pratIta hote haiN| ajita yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra yA jina-saMyukta mUrti nahIM milI hai| 1 zvetAMbara paramparA meM siMhavAhanA mahAmAnasI ke mukhya Ayudha khaDga evaM kheTaka haiM / 2 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131 3 ajitayakSaM zvetavarNaM kUrmavAhanaM caturbhujaM mAtuliMgAkSasUtrayuktadakSiNapANiM nakulakuntAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.9; draSTavya, tri0za0pu0ca0 3.7.138-39 4 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.33; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 5 ajitaH puSpadantasya yakSaH zvetazcaturbhujaH / phalAkSasUtrazaktyADhyaMvaradaH kUrmavAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.33 draSTavya, pratiSThAsAroddhAraH 3.137, pratiSThAtilakam 7.9, pR0 333; aparAjitapRcchA 221.48 6 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 201 7 kevala zakti ke sthAna para trizUla kA ullekha hai /

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190 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna (9) sutArA (yA mahAkAlI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA sutArA (yA mahAkAlI) jina suvidhinAtha (yA puSpadanta) kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI ko sutArA (yA cANDAlikA) aura digaMbara paramparA meM mahAkAlI kahA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM vRSabhavAhanA sutArA caturbhujA hai| yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM akSamAlA aura bAyeM meM kalaza evaM aMkuza varNita hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiN| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM kUrmavAhanA mahAkAlI caturbhujA hai| yakSI tIna bhujAoM meM vajra, mudgara aura phala liye hai| cauthI bhujA kI sAmagrI kA anullekha hai| anya granthoM meM cauthI bhujA meM varadamudrA batAyI gayI hai| aparAjitapacchA meM mRdgara aura phala ke sthAna para gadA aura abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai|5 yakSI kA svarUpa sambhavataH 8 vI mahAvidyA mahAkAlI se prabhAvita hai / yakSI kA kUrmavAhana ajita yakSa ke kUrmavAhana se sambandhita ho sakatA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM daNDa evaM phala (yA vajra) aura nIce ke hAthoM meM abhaya-evaM kaTaka-mudrA kA ullekha hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM siMhavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM khaDga, phala, vajra evaM padma varNita haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM kUrmavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM sarvajJa (? Ayudha yA jJAnamudrA), mudgara, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|" mUrti-paramparA mahAkAlI kI kevala do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) aura bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika citraNoM meM utkIrNa haiN| inameM devI ke nirUpaNa meM pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiM / devagar3ha meM puSpadanta ke sAtha 'bahurUpI' nAma kI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujI yakSI AmUrtita hai| yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM cAmara-padma hai aura bAyAM jAnu para sthita hai|' bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM dazabhujA yakSI vRSabhavAhanA hai / yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, cakra (?), pakSI, phaloM se bharA pAtra (?) evaM cakra (?), aura vAma meM ardhacandra, tarjanImudrA, sarpa, puSpa (?) evaM mayUrapaMkha (yA vRkSa kI DAla) pradarzita haiM / (10) brahma yakSa zAstrIya paramparA brahma jina zItalanAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja brahma yakSa kA vAhana padma batAyA gayA hai| 1 sutArAdevIM gauravarNAM vRSavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadAkSasUtrayuktadakSiNabhujAM kalazAMkuzAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.9 2 triza0pu0ca0 3.7.140-41; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-suvidhinAtha 18-19; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.57; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176 3 devI tathA mahAkAlI vinItA kUrmavAhanA / savajramudgarA (kRSNA) phalahastA caturbhujA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.34 4 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.163; pratiSThAtilakam 7.9, pR0 343 5 catubhujA kRSNavarNA vajra gadAvarAbhayAH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.23 6 smaraNIya hai ki suvidhinAtha (yA puSpadaMta) kA lAMchana makara hai / 7 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 202 8 ji0i030, pR0 107 9 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131

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yakSa -pakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 191 zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM caturmukha aura trinetra brahma ke dAhine hAthoM meM mAtuliMga, mudgara, pAtha evaM abhayamudrA aura bAyeM meM nakula, gadA, aMkuza evaM akSasUtra kA varNana hai / ' anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM kA ullekha hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM abhayamudrA ke sthAna para varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / AcAradinakara meM yakSa dasa bhujAoM aura bAraha netroM vAlA hai / usakI ATha bhujAoM meM nirvANakalikA ke AyudhoM kA aura zeSa do meM pAza evaM padma kA ullekha hai / * digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturmukha brahma saroja para AsIna hai / grantha meM usake AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM kevala chaha hAthoM ke hI AyudhoM kA ullekha hai / dAhine hAthoM meM bANa, khaDga, varadamudrA aura bAyeM meM dhanuSa, daNDa, kheTaka varNita haiM / pratiSThAtilakam meM yakSa kI kevala sAta bhujAoM ke hI Ayudha spaSTa haiM / pratiSThAsAroddhAra se bhinna pratiSThAtilakam meM vajra aura parazu kA ullekha hai, kintu bANa kA anullekha hai / " aparAjitapRcchA meM brahma caturbhuja hai aura usakA vAhana haMsa hai / yakSa ke karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, abhayamudrA aura varadamudrA kA varNana hai / " yakSa kA nAma (brahma), usakA caturmukha honA, padma aura haMsavAhanoM ke ullekha tathA eka hAtha meM akSamAlA kA pradarzana - ye sabhI bAteM brahmayakSa ke nirUpaNa meM hindU deva brahmA prajApati kA prabhAva darazAtI haiM / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM padmakalikA para AsIna aSTabhuja brahmezvara ( yA brahmA ) yakSa ko trinetra evaM caturmukha batAyA gayA hai / yakSa ke chaha hAthoM meM gadA, khaDga, kheTaka evaM daNDa jaise AyudhoM aura zeSa do meM abhaya evaM kaTaka - mudrA kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM siMha para ArUr3ha yakSa aSTabhuja hai aura usake hAthoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, bANa, dhanuSa, parazu, vajra, pAza evaM abhaya - ( yA varada - ) mudrA kA varNana hai / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM padma vAhana se yukta caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja yakSa ke karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, varadamudrA, bANa, dhanuSa, daNDa, parazu evaM vajra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / " uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki donoM paramparAoM ke AyudhoM evaM vAhana ke sandarbha meM vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita haiM / brahma yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra yA jina-saMyukta mUrti nahIM milI hai / (10) azokA ( yA mAnavI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA azokA (yA mAnavI) jina zItalanAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA azokA ( yA gomedhikA) padmavAnA hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA mAnavI zUkaravAnA hai / 1 brahmayakSaM caturmukhaM trinetraM dhavalavarNaM padmAsanamaSTabhujaM mAtuliMgamudgarapAzAbhayayuktadakSiNapANi nakulagadAMkuzAkSasUtrAnvitavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.10 2 tri00pu0ca0 3.8.111 - 12; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-zItalanAtha 17-18 3 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.34 4 vasumitabhujayuk caturvaktrabhAg dvAdazAkSo rucA sarasijavihitAsano mAtuliMgAbhaye pAzayugmudgaraM dadhadatiguNamevahastokare dakSiNe cApi vAme gadAM sRNinakulasarodbhavAkSAvalI brahmanAmA suparvottamaH / AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 5 zItalasya jinendrasya brahmayakSacaturmukhaH / aSTabAhuH sarojasthaH, zvetavarNaH prakIrtitaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.35 6 zrIvRkSaketananato dhanudaNDakheTavajJA - (? vajrA ) yasavyasaya indusitombujastha: / brahmAsarazvadhitikhaD gavarapradAnavyagrAnyapANirupayAtu caturmukhorcAm || pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.138 7 sacApadaNDojita kheTavajrasavyoddhapANi nutazItalezam / savyAnyahasteSu parazvasISTadAnaM yaje brahmasamAkhyayakSam // pratiSThAtilakam 7.10, pR0 334 8 pAzAGkuzAbhayavarA brahmA syAddhaM savAhanaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.49 9 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 202-203

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192 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA azokA ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA evaM pAza aura vAma meM phala evaM aMkuza varNita haiN| anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lakSaNa haiN| AcAradinakara meM nRtyarata apsarAoM se veSTita yakSI ke eka hAtha meM phala ke sthAna para varma kA ullekha hai / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM pAza ke sthAna para nAgapAza diyA gayA hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM zUkaravAhanA mAnavI ke tIna hAthoM meM phala, varadamudrA evaM jhaSa ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai; cauthe hAtha ke Ayudha kA anullekha hai|5 pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM mAnavI kA vAhana kAlA nAga hai aura usakI cauthI bhujA meM pAza kA ullekha hai|6 pratiSThAtilakam meM punaH tIna hI hAthoM ke AyudhoM ke ullekha ke kAraNa pAza kA anullekha hai, aura varadamudrA ke sthAna para mAlA kA ullekha hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM zUkaravAhanA mAnavI ke karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, phala aura varadamudrA kA varNana hai / ' mAnavI kA svarUpa digaMbara paramparA kI 12vIM mahAvidyA mAnavI se prabhAvita hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM akSamAlA evaM jhaSa aura nicale meM abhaya-evaM kaTaka-mudrA kA ullekha hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvibhujA yakSI makaravAhanA hai evaM usake AyaSa varadamadA evaM padma haiM / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM caturbhujA mAnavI kA vAhana kRSNa zUkara hai aura usake hAthoM meM jhaSa, akSasUtra. hAra evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai / zUkaravAhana evaM jhaSa kA pradarzana sambhavataH uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI kevala do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmahika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiN| inameM yakSI ke sAtha pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha meM zItalanAtha ke sAtha 'zrIyA devI' nAma kI catarbhajA yakSI nirUpita hai| yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM phala,padma, phala (yA kalaza) pradarzita haiM aura cauthI bhujA jAtu para sthita hai| yakSI ke donoM pAzvoM meM vRkSa ke tane utkIrNa haiN| sambhava hai ki zrIyAdevI nAma zrIdevI kA sacaka ho jo lakSmI kA hI dUsarA nAma hai|" bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana koI pazu hai / yakSI ke nIce ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM daNDa aura UparI hAthoM meM cakra evaM zaMkha (yA phala) pradarzita haiN|12 1 azokAM devIM mudgavarNI padmavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadapAzayuktadakSiNakarAM phalAMkuzayuktavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.10 2 tri000ca0 3.8.113-14; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-zItalanAtha 19-20; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.58 3 .."vAme cAMkuzavamaNI bahuguNA'zokA vizokA janaM kuryAdapsarasAM gaNaH parivRtA nRtyadbhirAnanditaH / AcAradinakara 34, pR0 176 4 varadaM nAgapAzaM cAMkuzaM vai bIjapUrakam / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.37 5 mAnavI ca haridvarNA jhaSahastAcaturmujaH / kRSNazUkarayAnasthA phalahastavarapradA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.36 6 jhaSadAmarucakadAnocitahastAM kRSNakAlagAM haritAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.164 7 UrdhvadvihastoddhatamatsyamAlAM adhodvihastAkSaphalapradAnAm / pratiSThAtilakam 7.10, pR0 343 8 caturbhujA zyAmavarNA pAzAGkazaphalaMvaram / sakaroparisaMsthA ca mAnavI cArthadAyinI // aparAjitapucchA 221.24 9 yaha prabhAva yakSI ke nAma, zUkaravAhana evaM bhujA meM jhaSa ke pradarzana ke sandarbha meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| digaMbara . paramparA meM mahAvidyA mAnavI kA vAhana zUkara hai aura usake karoM meM jhaSa, trizUla evaM khaDga pradarzita haiM / 10 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 203 11 ji0 i0de0, pR0 107 12 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131 darzana zeSa nvarNa meM dekha ma prakAza hai / digaMbara

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 193 . (11) Izvara yakSa zAstrIya paramparA Izvara' jina zreyAMzanAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM bRSabhArUr3ha Izvara trinetra evaM caturbhuja hai / zvetAMbara paramparA nirvANakalikA meM Izvara ke dakSiNa karoM meM mAtuliMga evaM gadA aura vAma meM nakUla evaM akSasUtra varNita hai / anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM prApta hotI haiN| kevala devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM nakula aura akSasUtra ke sthAna para aMkuza aura padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM Izvara ke tIna hAthoM meM phala, akSasUtra evaM trizUla kA ullekha hai, para cauthe hAtha kI sAmagrI kA anullekha hai|" pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM aparAjitapucchA meM cauthe hAtha meM kramazaH daNDa aura varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| donoM paramparAoM meM yakSa kA nAma, vAhana (vRSabha) evaM usakA trinetra honA ziva se prabhAvita hai| digaMbara paramparA meM bhujAoM meM trizUla evaM daNDa ke ullekha isI prabhAva ke samarthaka haiM / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM nandI para ArUr3ha evaM ardhacandra se zobhita caturbhaja Izvara ke vAmakaroM meM trizUla evaM daNDa aura dakSiNa meM kaTaka-evaM-abhaya-mudrA kA varNana hai| zvetAMbara granthoM meM vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa caturbhuja hai| ajJAtanAma grantha meM Izvara ke karoM meM zara, cApa, trizUla evaM daNDa kA ullekha hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM yakSa ko trinetra aura phala, abhayamudrA, trizUla evaM daNDa se yukta batAyA gayA hai / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki donoM paramparAoM meM Izvara kA svarUpa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| Izvara yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra yA jina-saMyakta mUrti nahIM milI hai| 1 pravacanasAroddhAra aura AcAradinakara meM yakSa ko kramazaH manuja aura yakSarAja nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| 2 IzvarayakSaM dhavalavarNa trinetraM vRSabhavAhanaM caturbhujaM mAtuliMgagadAnvitadakSiNapANi nakulakAkSasUtrayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.11 3 triza0pu0ca0 4.1.784-85; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-zreyAMzanAtha 19-20; AcAradinakara 34, pR0174; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.5 4 mAtuliMgaM gadAM caivAMkuzaM ca kamalaM kramAt / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.38 5 IzvaraH zreyazo yakSastrinetro vRSavAhanaH / ___ phalAkSasUtrasaMyuktaH satrizUlazcaturbhujaH / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.37 6 trizUladaNDAnvitavAmahastaH kare'kSasUtraM tvapare phalaM ca / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.139; ___ draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.11, pR0 334 7 trizUlAkSaphalavarA yakSeTzveto vRSasthitaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.49 8 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 203 9 khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha evaM maNDapa kI bhittiyoM para nandIvAhana se yukta kaI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / jaTAmukuTa se sajjita devatA ke karoM meM varadAkSa (yA padma), trizUla, sarpa evaM kamaNDalu pradarzita haiN| lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para devatA kI sambhAvita pahacAna Izvara yakSa se kI jA sakatI hai| para pArzvanAtha mandira kI mittiyoM kI sampUrNa zilpa sAmagrI ke sandarbha meM devatA ko ziva kA aMkana mAnanA hI adhika prAsaMgika evaM ucita hogaa| 25

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194 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna (11) mAnavI (yA gaurI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA mAnavI (yA gaurI) jina zreyAMzanAtha kI yakSI hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA mAnavI (yA zrIvatsA yA vidyunnadA) kA vAhana siMha aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA gaurI kA vAhana mRga hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakAlakA meM siMhavAhanA mAnavI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM mudgara aura bAyeM meM kalaza evaM aMkuza haiN|' triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM kalaza ke sthAna para vajra, pravacanasAroddhAra meM mudgara ke sthAna para pAza, padmAnandamahAkAvya meM kalaza aura aMkuza ke sthAna para nakula aura akSasUtra, AcAradinakara meM do vAmakaroM meM aMkuza" aura devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM kalaza ke sthAna para nakula ke pradarzana ke ullekha haiN| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsAra saMgraha meM mRgavAhanA gaurI ke kevala do hAthoM ke AyudhoM kA ullekha hai jo padma aura varadamudrA haiN| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM gaurI ke karoM meM mudgara, abja, kalaza evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai|' aparAjitapRcchA meM mudgara evaM kalaza ke sthAna para pAza evaM aMkuza pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nAma evaM eka hAtha meM padma / kA pradarzana 9 vI mahAvidyA gaurI kA prabhAva hai|" dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM nandI para ArUr3ha caturbhujA yakSI ardhacandra se yukta hai| usake dakSiNa karoM meM jalapAtra evaM abhayamudrA aura vAma meM varadamudrA evaM daNDa kA ullekha hai| yakSI kA nirUpaNa Izvara yakSa se prabhAvita hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM haMsavAhanA yakSI dvibhujA hai aura usake karoM meM kazA evaM aMkuza kA varNana hai / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana mRga hai aura usake hAthoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa padya, mudgara (? munira), kalaza evaM varadamudrA varNita haiN|" mUrti paramparA yakSI kI tIna svatantra mUrtiyAM (digaMbara paramparA) milI haiM / do mUrtiyAM kramazaH devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM aura eka mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura, ma0 pra0) meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM zreyAMza 1 mAnavI devIM gauravaNI siMhavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadamudgarAnvitadakSiNapANi kalazAMkuzayuktavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.11; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.58 2.."vAmI ca bibhratI pANI kulizAMkuzadhAriNau / triza0pu0ca04.1.786-87 3 "varadapAzayuktadakSiNakaradvayA kalazAMkuzayuktavAmakaradvayA / pravacanasAroddhAra 11.375, pR0 94 4 ""vAmau tu sanakulA'kSasUtrau zreyAMsazAsane / padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-zreyAMzanAtha 20 5 ""vAmaM hastayugaM taTAMkuzayuta" / AcAravinakara 34, pR0 177 6 aMkuzaM varadaM hastaM nakulaM mudga(laM ? ra) tathA / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.39 7 padmahastA suvarNAbhA gaurIdevI caturbhujA / jinendrazAsane maktA varadA mRgavAhanA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.38 8 samudgarAbjakalazAM varadAM kanakaprabhAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.165; draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.11, pR0344 9 pAzAMkuzAbjavaradA kanakAmA cturbhjaa| sA kRSNahariNArUDhA kAryA gaurI ca zAntidA // aparAjitapacchA 221.25 10 jJAtavya hai ki hindU gaurI kI bhI eka bhUjA meM padma pradarzita hai| 11 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 203

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 195 ke sAtha 'vahani' nAma kI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI nirUpita hai| yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA meM padma hai aura bAyIM jAnu para sthita hai| mAlAdevI mandira ke maNDovara kI dakSiNI jaMghA para caturbhujA gaurI lalitamudrA meM padmAsana para virAjamAna hai| yakSI kA vAhana mRga hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiN| bArabhujI guphA kI caturbhaja mUrti meM yakSI kA vAhana khaNDita hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, akSamAlA, pustaka evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / uparyukta tIna mUrtiyoM meM se kevala mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti meM hI pAramparika vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiN| (12) kumAra yakSa zAstrIya paramparA kumAra jina vAsupUjya kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM usakA vAhana haMsa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM caturbhuja kumAra ke dakSiNa karoM meM bIjapUraka evaM bANa aura vAma meM nakula evaM dhanuSa kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lakSaNa varNita haiN| kevala pravacanasAroddhAra meM bANa ke sthAna para vINA milatA hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM kumAra ke trimukha yA SaNmukha hone kA ullekha hai| grantha meM AyadhoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / anya granthoM meM kumAra ko trimukha yA SaNmukha nahIM batAyA gayA hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM caturbhuja kumAra ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM gadA aura bAyeM meM dhanuSa evaM phala varNita haiN| pratiSThAtilakam meM kumAra SaDbhuja hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM bANa, gadA evaM varadamudrA aura bAyeM hAthoM meM dhanuSa, nakula evaM mAtuliMga kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM caturbhuja kumAra kA vAhana mayUra hai aura usake karoM meM dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA haiN|' yadyapi kumAra nAma hindU kumAra (yA kArtikeya) se grahaNa kiyA gayA, para jaina yakSa ke lie svatantra lakSaNoM kI kalpanA kI gii| jaina devakula para hindU prabhAva ke sandarbha meM eka mahatvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne kabhI-kabhI jAnabUjhakara hindU prabhAva ko chipAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isa prakAra ke prayAsa meM eka jaina devatA ke lie nAma evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM do alaga-alaga hindU devoM se grahaNa kI gii| udAharaNa ke lie 12 veM yakSa kumAra kA vAhana haMsa hai, para 13 veM yakSa caturmukha kA vAhana mayUra hai / isameM spaSTataH kumAra ke mayUra vAhana ko caturmukha (yAnI brahmA) ke sAtha aura caturmukha ke haMsa vAhana ko kumAra ke sAtha pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| 1 ji030de0, pR0 107 2 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0.10 131 3 kumArayakSaM zvetavarNa haMsavAhanaM caturbhujaM mAtu liMgabANAnvitadakSiNapANiM nakulakadhanuryuktavAmapANi ceti / . nirvANa kalikA 18.12 4 triza0pu0ca0 4.2.286-87; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-vAsupUjya 17-18; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.36; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 5 .."bIjapUrakavINAnvitadakSiNapANidvayo-pravacanasAroddhAra 12.373, pR0 93 6 vAsupUjya jinendrasya yakSo nAmnA kumArikaH / trimukhaH SaNmukhaH zveta surUpo haMsavAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.39 7 zubhro dhanurbabhruphalADhyasavyahastonyahasteSu gadeSTadAnaH / lulAya lakSmaNapraNatastrivakra: pramodatAM haMsacaraH kumAraH / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.140 8 hastaithunurbabhRphalAni savyaranyairighu cArugadAM varaM ca / pratidhAtilakam 7.12, pR0 334 9 dhanurbANaphalavarAH kumAraH zikhivAhanaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.50 10 para digaMbara paramparA meM kabhI-kabhI kumAra ko hindU kumAra ke samAna hI SaNmukha evaM mayUra vAhana se yukta bhI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai|

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM mayUra para ArUr3ha trimukha evaM SaDbhuja yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM pAza, zUla, abhayamudrA aura bAyeM meM vajra (?), dhanuSa, varadamudrA varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM haMsa para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM zara, cApa, mAtuliMga evaM daNDa kA ullekha hai / yakSa-yakSI - lakSaNa meM haMsa para ArUr3ha trimukha evaM SaDbhuja yakSa ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " 196 kumAra yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 41 kI vAsupUjya kI mUrti meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa nirUpita hai / (12) caNDA (yA gAMdhArI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA caNDA (yA gAndhArI) jina vAsupUjya kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI ko pracaNDA, pravarA, candrA aura ajitA nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM caturbhujA pracaNDA kA vAhana arava hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM zakti aura bAyeM meM puSpa evaM gadA haiM / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / kevala mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM puSpa ke sthAna para pAza kA ullekha hai / 4 digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThA sAra saMgraha meM padmavAhanA gAMdhArI caturbhujA hai / gAMdhArI ke do hAthoM meM musala evaM padma haiM, zeSa do karoM ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThAsArodvAra meM caturbhujA gAMdhArI kA vAhana makara (nakra ) hai aura usake hAthoM meM musala evaM padma ke sAtha hI varadamudrA evaM padma bhI pradarzita haiM / aparAjitapRcchA meM gAMdhArI dvibhujA hai aura usake karoM meM padma evaM phala sthita haiM / gAMdhArI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM zvetAMbara paramparA kI 10 vIM mahAvidyA gAMdhArI se prabhAvita haiM / " dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM sarpavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake UparI karoM meM do darpaNa aura nicalI meM abhayamudrA evaM daNDa kA varNana hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM haMsavAhanA yakSI dvibhujA hai jisake donoM hAtha varada evaM jJAnamudrA meM haiN| yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana makara hai aura usake hAthoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna varadamudrA, musala, padma evaM padma kA ullekha hai / " 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 204 2 pracaNDAdevIM zyAmavarNAM azvArUDhAM caturbhujAM varadazaktiyuktadakSiNakarAM puSpagadAyuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.12 3 tri0za0pu0ca0 4.2.288-89 padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa - vAsupUjya 18-19; AcAravinakara, 34 pR0 177 4 kRSNAjitA turagagA varazaktihastA bhUyAddhitAya sumadAmagade dadhAnA / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.59 5 gAMdhArIsaMjJikA jJeyA haridbhA sA caturbhujA / muzalaM padmayuktaM ca te kamalavAhanA / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.40 6 sapadmamuzalAMbhojadAnA makaragA harit / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.166, draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.12, pR0 344 7 karadvaye padmaphale nakrArUDhA tathaiva ca / zyAmavarNA prakartavyA gAMdhArI nAmikAbhavet / aparAjitapRcchA 221.26 8 padmavAhanA gAMdhArI mahAvidyA varadamudrA, musala evaM abhayamudrA se yukta hai / 9 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 204

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] murti-paramparA yakSI kI cAra svatantra mUrtiyAM (9vIM-12vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke samUhoM evaM mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura, ma0 pra0) aura navamuni guphA se milI haiN| devagar3ha meM vAsupUjya ke sAtha 'abhaugaratiNa (yA abhogarohiNI)' nAma kI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai / ' yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA meM sarpa aura bAyIM meM lambI mAlA pradarzita haiN| sarpa kA pradarzana 13 vI mahAvidyA vairoTyA kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai| mAlAdevI mandira (10 vIM zatI I0) ke maNDovara kI pazcimI jaMghA kI caturbhujA devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna gAMdhArI se kI jA sakatI hai| devI lalitamadrA meM padmAsana para virAjamAna hai aura usake Asana ke nIce makara-makha utkIrNa hai, jo sambhavataH vAhana kA sUcaka hai| pIThikA para eka paMkti meM nau ghaTa (navanidhi ke sUcaka) bhI bane haiM / devI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM se do meM padma evaM darpaNa haiM aura tIsarA Upara uThA hai / navamuni guphA meM vAsupUjya kI caturbhujA yakSI mayUravAhanA hai / jaTAmukuTa se zobhita yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, mAtuliMga, zakti evaM bAlaka pradarzita haiM / yakSI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM apAramparika aura hindU kaumArI se prabhAvita haiN|' bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM aSTabhujA yakSI kA vAhana pakSI hai| yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, mAtuliMga (?), akSamAlA, nIlotpala aura bAyeM hAthoM meM jalapAtra, zaMkha puSpa, sanAlapadma pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai| (13) SaNmukha (yA caturmukha) yakSa zAstrIya paramparA SaNmukha (yA caturmukha) jina vimalanAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM isakA vAhana mayUra hai / zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM dvAdazabhuja SaNmukha yakSa kA vAhana mayUra hai / SaNmukha ke dakSiNa karoM meM phala, cakra, bANa, khaDga, pAza evaM akSamAlA aura vAma meM nakula, cakra, dhanuSa, phalaka, aMkuza evaM abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI yahI vizeSatAeM varNita haiN| para mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM bANa aura pAza ke sthAna para zakti aura nAgapAza kA ullekha hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturmukha yakSa dvAdazabhuja hai aura usakA vAhana mayUra hai| grantha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM caturmukha ke Upara ke ATha hAthoM meM parazu aura zeSa cAra meM khaDga (kaukSeyaka), 1 sabhI mUrtiyAM digaMbara sthaloM se milI haiN| 2 ji030de0, pR0 103, 107 3 Asana ke nIce nau ghaToM kA citraNa isa pahacAna meM bAdhaka hai| 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni, pR0 128 5 rAva, TI0 e0 gopInAtha, pU0ni0, pR0 387-88 6 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131 7 SaNmukhaM yakSaM zvetavarNa zikhivAhanaM dvAdazabhujaM phalacakrabANakhaDgapAzAkSasUtrayuktadakSiNapANi nakulacakradhanuH phalakAMkuzA bhayayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.13 8 triza0pu0ca0 4.3.178-79; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-vimalasvAmI 19-20; AcAradinakara 34, pR0174 9 cakrAkSadAmaphalazaktibhujaMgapAzakhaDgAMkadakSiNabhujaH sitaruk sukekI / maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 3.37 10 vimalasya jinendrasya nAmArthAbhyAM caturmukhaH / yakSodvAdazadoddaNDaH surUpaH zikhivAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.41

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna akSasUtra (akSamaNi), kheTaka evaM daNDamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / " aparAjita pRcchA meM yakSa ko SaNmukha aura SaDbhuja batAyA gayA hai / yakSa ke cAra hAthoM meM vajra, dhanuSa, phala evaM varadamudrA aura zeSa meM bANa kA ullekha hai / caturmukha nAma hindU brahmA aura SaNmukha nAma hindU kumAra ( yA kArtikeya) se prabhAvita hai / sAtha hI donoM paramparAoM meM vAhana ke rUpa meM mayUra kA ullekha bhI hindUdeva kumAra ke hI prabhAva kA sUcaka hai / 198 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM SaNmukha evaM dvAdazabhuja yakSa kA vAhana kukkuTa hai / grantha meM kevala eka bhujA se abhayamudrA ke pradarzana kA hI ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvAdazabhuja yakSa kA vAhana kapi hai / yakSa ke ATha hAthoM meM varadamudrA aura zeSa cAra meM khaDga, kheTaka, parazu evaM jJAnamudrA kA ullekha hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM dvAdaza- ' bhuja yakSa kA vAhana mayUra hai aura uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna usake ATha hAthoM meM parazu evaM zeSa cAra meM phalaka, khaDga, daNDa evaM akSamAlA kA varNana hai / 3 yakSa kI eka mI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / para rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI eka vimalanAtha kI mUrti (je 791, 1009 I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa AmUrtita hai / yakSa ke avaziSTa bAyeM hAtha meM ghaTa hai / (13) viditA (yA vairoTI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA viditA (yA vairoTI) jina vimalanAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA viditA kA vAhana padma aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA vairoTI kA vAhana sarpa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA viditA ke dakSiNa karoM meM bANa evaM pAza aura vAma meM dhanuSa evaM sarpa kA varNana hai / " anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lakSaNa nirdiSTa haiM digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsAra saMgraha meM sarpavAhanA vairoTyA ke do karoM meM sarpa pradarzita haiM, zeSa do karoM ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM do hAthoM meM sarpa aura zeSa do meM dhanuSa evaM bANa ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / " aparAjita pRcchA meM yakSI SaDbhujA aura vyomayAna para avasthita hai / usake do hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM zeSa meM khaDga, kheTaka, kArmuka aura zara haiM / " 1 yakSo haritsaparazUparibhASTapANiH kaukSeyakakSamaNikheTakadaNDamudrAH / bibhraccaturbhiraparaiH zikhigaH kirAMkanamraH pravRtyatuyathArthaM caturmukhAkhyaH // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.141 pratiSThAtilakam 7.13, pR0 335 2 SaNmukhaH SaDbhujo vajro dhanurbANau phalaMvaraH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.50 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 204 4 pravacanasAroddhAra evaM AcAradinakara meM yakSI ko vijayA kahA gayA hai / 5 viditAM devIM haritAlavarNA padmArUDhAM caturbhujAM bANapAzayuktadakSiNapANi dhanurnAgayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.13 6 tri0 za0pu0ca0 4.3.180 - 81, padmAnanda mahAkAvya : pariziSTa - vimalasvAmI 21 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.59; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 7 vairoTI nAmatau devI haridvarNA caturbhujaH / hastadvayena sappau dvau dhatte ghoNasavAhanA / pratiSThAsAra saMgraha 5.42 8 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.167; draSTavya, pratiSThA tilakam 7.13, pR0 344 9 zyAmavarNA SaDbhujA dvo varadau khaDgakheTakI / dhanurbANo virATAkhyA vyomayAnagatA tathA // aparAjita pRcchA 221.27

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] viditA evaM vairoTI ke svarUpa 13vIM mahAvidyA vairoTyA se prabhAvita haiN| viditA ke sandarbha meM yaha prabhAva hAtha meM sarpa ke pradarzana taka sImita hai, para vairoTI ke sandarbha meM nAma, vAhana evaM do hAthoM meM sarpa kA pradarzana-ye sabhI mahAvidyA ke prabhAva pratIta hote haiM / ' dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM sarpavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake do karoM meM sarpa evaM zeSa do meM abhaya-evaM kaTaka-mudrA haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI mRgavAhanA (kRSNasAra) hai aura usake hAthoM meM zara, cApa, varadamudrA evaM padma kA ullekha hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM sarpavAhanA (gonasa) yakSI ke do karoM meM sarpa evaM zeSa do meM bANa aura dhanuSa kA varNana hai / 2 uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM sAmAnyataH uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se sahamata hai| mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| donoM mUrtiyAM digaMbara paramparA kI haiM aura kramazaH devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika citraNoM meM utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM vimalanAtha ke sAtha 'sulakSaNA' nAma kI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai| yakSI kA dAhinA hAtha jAnu para hai aura vAyeM meM cAmara pradarzita hai| bArabhujI guphA meM vimalanAtha kI yakSI aSTabhujA hai aura usakA vAhana sArasa hai| yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, bANa, khar3aga evaM parazu aura vAma meM vajra, dhanuSa, zUla evaM kheTaka pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI jina-saMyukta mUrti (je 791) meM dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA evaM ghaTa se yukta hai| (14) pAtAla yakSa zAstrIya paramparA pAtAla jina anantanAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM pAtAla ko trimukha, SaDbhuja aura makara para ArUr3ha kahA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM pAtAla yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM padma, khaDga evaM pAza aura bAyeM meM nakala. phalaka evaM akSasatra kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI yahI Ayudha pradarzita haiN| mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM pAtAla ko trinetra kahA gayA hai / AcAradinakara meM akSasUtra ke sthAna para muktAkSAvali kA ullekha hai|" 1 zvetAMbara paramparA meM mahAvidyA vairoTyA kA vAhana sarpa hai aura usake do karoM meM sarpa evaM anya meM khaDga aura kheTaka pradarzita haiN| 2 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 204 3 ji03030, pR0 103, 107 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 131 5 pAtAlayakSaM trimukhaM raktavarNa makaravAhanaM SaDbhujaM padmakhaDgapAzayuktadakSiNapANiM nakulaphalakAkSasUtrayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.14 6 tripu010 4.4.200-201; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-ananta 18-19; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.38 7 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM pAtAla yakSa ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / ' pratiSThAsArodvAra meM pAtAla ke zIrSabhAga meM tIna sarpaMphaNoM ke chatra, dakSiNa karoM meM aMkuza, zUla evaM padma aura vAma meM kaSA, hala evaM phala ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM pAtAla vastra, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA se yukta hai | 3 2 200 yakSa kA nAma (pAtAla) aura digaMbara paramparA meM usakA tIna sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta honA pAtAla ( atala ) loka ke ananta deva ( zeSanAga ) kA prabhAva hai / digaMbara paramparA meM sarpaphaNoM ke sAtha hI hala kA pradarzana balarAma ( haladhara ) kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai, jinheM hindU devakula meM AdizeSa ( nAgarAja ) kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA -- dakSiNa bhArata kI donoM paramparAoM ke granthoM meM makara para ArUr3ha pAtAla yakSa trimukha aura SaDbhuja / digaMbara grantha meM yakSa ke dakSiNa karoM meM daNDa, zUla evaM abhayamudrA aura vAma meM parazu, pAza evaM aMkuza ( yA zUla ) kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM yakSa kazA, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA, trizUla evaM pAza se yukta hai / yakSa - yakSI - lakSaNa meM yakSa ke karoM meM zara, aMkuza, hala, trizUla, mAtuliMga evaM padma varNita haiM / yakSa ke mastaka para sarpachatra kA bhI ullekha hai / " uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA yakSa ke nirUpaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se sahamata hai / pAtAla yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 33 kI anantanAtha kI mUrti meM yakSa ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti nirUpita hai / (14) aMkuzA (yA anantamatI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA aMkuzA ( yA anantamatI) jina anantanAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA aMkuzA ( yA varabhRta) padmavAnA hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA anantamatI kA vAhana haMsa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA -nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA aMkuzA ke dAhine hAthoM meM khaDga evaM pAza aura bAyeM meM kheTaka evaM aMkuza kA varNana hai / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / para padmAnandamahAkAvya meM aMkuzA dvibhujA hai aura usake karoM meM phalaka aura aMkuza varNita hai / " 1 anantasya jinendrasya yakSaH pAtAlanAmakaH / trimukha: SaDbhujo raktaH varNo makaravAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.48 2 pAtAlakaH sazRNizUlakajApasavyahastaH kaSAhalaphalAMkitasavyapANiH / sedhAdhvajaikazaraNo makarAdhirUTho raktorcyatAM triphaNanAgazirAstrivakram // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.142 pratiSThAtilakam 7.14, pR0 335 3 pAtAlazca vajrAMkuzau dhanurbANI phalaMvaraH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.51 4 pAtAla evaM ananta donoM nAgarAja ke hI nAma haiM / smaraNIya hai ki pAtAla yakSa ke jina kA nAma anantanAtha hai / 5 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 205 6 aMkuzAM devIM gauravarNAM padmavAhanAM caturbhujAM khaDgapAzaya ktadakSiNakarAM carmaphalAMkuzayutavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.14 7 tri0za0pu0ca0 4.4.202-203; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.60; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177 8 aMkuzA nAmnA devI tu gaurAMgI kamalAsanA / dakSiNe phalakaM vAme tvaMkuzaM dadhatI kare | padmAnandamahAkAvya pariziSTa - ananta 19-20

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yakSa - yakSI pratimAvijJAna ] 201 digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM haMsavAhanA anantamatI ke hAthoM meM dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA diye gaye haiM / ' anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM kA ullekha hai / yakSI ke aMkuzA nAma ke kAraNa hI yakSI ke hAtha meM aMkuza pradarzita huA / jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA kI cauthI mahAvidyA kA nAma vajrAMkuzA hai aura usake mukhya AyuSa vajra evaM aMkuza haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM yakSo kA nAma ( anantamatI) jina (anantanAtha ) se prabhAvita hai | dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM haMsavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake UparI hAthoM meM zara evaM cApa aura nIce ke hAthoM meM abhaya evaM kaTaka - mudrA pradarzita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM mayUravAhanA yakSI dvibhujA hai aura varadamudrA evaM padma se yukta hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM haMsavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / prastuta vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai / mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM kramazaH devagar3ha ( mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM anantanAtha ke sAtha 'anantavIryA' nAma kI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrti hai / " yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA jAnu para sthita hai aura bAyIM meM cAmara pradarzita hai| bArabhujI guphA meM ananta ke sAtha aSTabhujA yakSI nirUpita hai / yakSI kA vAhana sambhavataH gardabha hai / yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, kaTAra, zUla evaM khaDga aura vAma meM daNDa, vajra, sanAlapadma, mudgara evaM kheTaka pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA citraNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai / vimalavasahI kI anantanAtha kI mUrti meM yakSI ambikA hai / (15) kinnara yakSa zAstrIya paramparA gayA I kinnara jina dharmanAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM kinnara yakSa ko trimukha aura SaDbhuja batAyA zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM kinnara yakSa kA vAhana kumaM hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM bIjapUraka, gadA, abhayamudrA evaM vAyeM meM nakula, padma, akSamAlA kA ullekha hai / anya granthoM meM bhI yahI vizeSatAeM varNita haiM / ' 1 tathAnantamatI hemavarNA caiva caturbhujA / cApaM bANaM phalaM dhatte varadA haMsavAhanA / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.49 2 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.168; pratiSThAtilakama 7.14, pR0 345; aparAjitapRcchA 221.28 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 205 4 zvetAMbara sthaloM para varadamudrA, zUla, aMkuza evaM phala se yukta eka padmavAhanA devI kA aMkana vizeSa lokapriya thA / devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna aMkuzA se kI jA sakatI hai| para isa devI kA mahAvidyA samUha meM aMkana yakSI se pahacAna 'meM bAdhaka hai / 5 ji0i0 de0, pU0 103, 106 6 mitrA, debalA, pu0ni0, pR0 131- lekhikA ne yakSI ko aSTabhujA batAyA hai, para vAma karoM meM pAMca AyudhoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai / 7 kinnarayakSaM trimukhaM raktavarNaM kUrmavAhanaM SaTbhujaM bIjapUrakagadAbhayayuktadakSiNapANi nakulapadmAkSamAlAyuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.15 8 tri0za0pu0ca0 4.5.197-98 padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa - dharmanAtha 19 - 20; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.39; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174 26 .

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202 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM yakSa kA vAhana mIna (jhaSa) hai| grantha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai|' pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSa ke dakSiNa karoM meM mudgara, akSamAlA, varadamudrA evaM vAma meM cakra, vaja, aMkuza kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM yakSa ke karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|' kinnaroM ko dhAraNA bhAratIya paramparA meM kAphI prAcIna hai| jaina paramparA meM kinnara yakSa kA nAma prAcIna paramparA se grahaNa kiyA gayA 'para usakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM svatantra haiN| jJAtavya hai ki jaina yakSoM kI sUcI meM nAga, kinnara, garuDa evaM gandharva Adi nAmoM se prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA ke kaI devoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA, para mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se una sabhI ke svatantra rUpa nirdhArita kiye gye| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM SaDbhuja yakSa kA vAhana mIna hai| digaMbara grantha meM yakSa trimukha hai aura usake dakSiNa karoM meM akSamAlA, daNDa, abhayamudrA evaM vAma meM zakti, zUla, mAlA (yA kaTaka) kA varNana hai / donoM zvetAMbara granthoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa yakSa mudgara, cakra, bajra, akSamAlA, varadamudrA evaM aMkuza se yukta hai| kinnara yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 1 kI dharmanAtha kI mUrti meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti kA aMkana hai| (15) kandarpA (yA mAnasI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA kandarpA (yA mAnasI) jina dharmanAtha kI yakSI hai| zvetAMbara paramparA me matsyavAhanA yakSI ko kandarpA (yA pannagA) aura digaMbara paramparA meM vyAghravAhanA yakSI ko mAnasI nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM yakSI ke do hAthoM meM aMkuza evaM padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM matsyavAhanA kandarpA caturbhujA hai jisake dAhine hAthoM meM utpala aura aMkuza tathA bAyeM meM padma aura abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI yahI Ayudha varNita haiN| para mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM tIna karoM meM padma ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| 1 dharmasya kinnaro yakSastrimukho mInavAhanaH / SaDbhujaH padmarAgAMbho jinadharmaparAyaNaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.50 2 sacakravajrAMkuzavAmapANiH samudgarAkSAlivarAnyahastaH / pravAlavarNAstrimukho jhaSastho vanAMkabhaktoMcata kinnaro'caryAm // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.143 pratiSThAtilakam 7.15, pR0 335 3 kinnarezaH pAzAGkazau dhanurbANI phalaMvaraH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.51 4 kinnara mAnava zarIra aura azvamukha vAle hote haiN| 5 kinnaroM ke netA kubera haiM jinheM kimIzvara kahA gayA hai / draSTavya, bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 109 6 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 205 7 kandarpA devI gauravarNAM matsyavAhanAM caturbhujAM utpalAMkuzayukta-dakSiNakarAM padmAbhayayuktavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANarkAlakA 18.15 8 triza0pu0ca0 4.5.199-200; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-dharmanAtha 20-21; AcAradinakara 34,pR0 177; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.45 9 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.60 |

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 203 6 . . digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM SaDbhujA mAnasI kA vAhana vyAghra hai| grantha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSI ke do hAthoM meM padma aura zeSa meM dhanuSa, varadamudrA, aMkuza aura bANa kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM mAnasI ke karoM meM trizUla, pAza, cakra, DamarU, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / yadyapi mAnasI kA nAma 15vIM mahAvidyA mAnasI se grahaNa kiyA gayA, para yakSI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM sarvathA svatantra haiN| smaraNIya hai ki kinnara yakSa evaM kandarpA yakSI donoM hI ke vAhana matsya haiN| kandarpA ko hindu deva kandapaM yA kAma se sambandhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| . dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM siMhavAhanA mAnasI caturbhujA hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM aMkuza aura zUla (yA bANa) tathA bAyeM meM puSpa (yA cakra) aura dhanuSa kA ullekha hai| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM mRgavAhanA (kRSNasAra) yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usakI bhujAoM meM zara, cApa, varadamudrA evaM padma pradarzita haiM / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM vyAghravAhanA yakSI SaDbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa padma, dhanuSa, varadamudrA, aMkuza, bANa evaM utpala kA ullekha hai|" mUrti-paramparA ___ yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| digaMbara sthaloM se milane vAlI ye mUrtiyAM kramazaH devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM dharmanAtha ke sAtha 'surakSitA' nAma kI sAmAnya svarUpa vAlI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai / 6 yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM padma hai aura bAyAM jAnu para sthita hai / bArabhujI guphA meM dharmanAtha kI SaDbhujA yakSI kA vAhana uSTra hai| yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, piNDa (yA phala), tIna kAMToM vAlI vastu aura bAyeM meM ghaNTA, patAkA evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiN|" yakSI kA nirUpaNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai| eka mUrti gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira ke maNDovara ke uttarI pAzvaM para utkIrNa hai| caturbhajA devI kA vAhana jhaSa hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, padma aura phala pradarzita haiN| jhaSavAhana aura padma ke AdhAra para devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna dharmanAtha kI yakSI se kI jA sakatI hai| (16) garuDa yakSa zAstrIya paramparA garuDa- jina zAntinAtha kA yakSa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM ise varAhamukha batAyA gayA hai| 1devatA mAnasI nAmnA SaDabhUjAviDramaprabhA / vyAghravAhanamArUDhA nityaM dharmAnurAgiNI / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.51 2 sAMbujadhanudAnAMkuzazarotpalA vyAghragA prvaalnimaa| pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.169 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.15, pR0 345 3 SaDbhujA raktavarNA ca trizUlaM pAzacakrake / DamA phalavare mAnasI vyAghravAhanA // aparAjitapucchA 221.29 4 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 135 5 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 205 6 ji030de0, pR0 103, 106 . 7 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 8 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSa kA barAha nAma se ullekha hai|

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204 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM caturbhuja garuDa varAhamukha hai aura usakA vAhana bhI varAha hai / garuDa ke hAthoM meM bIjapUraka, padma , nakula aura akSasUtra kA varNana hai / ' anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiN| kucha granthoM meM garuDa kA vAhana gaja batAyA gayA hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM nakula ke sthAna para pAza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|4 digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM varAha para ArUr3ha caturbhuja garuDa ke AyudhoM kA ullekha nahIM hai|' pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM caturbhuja garuDa kA vAhana zuka (kiTi) hai aura usakI UparI bhujAoM meM vana evaM cakra tathA nicalI meM padma evaM phala kA varNana hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM zukavAhana se yukta garuDa ke karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, phala evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai| garuDa yakSa kA nAma hindU garuDa se prabhAvita hai, para usakA mUrti-vijJAna-paraka svarUpa svatantra hai| digaMbara paramparA meM cakra kA aura aparAjitapRcchA meM pAza aura aMkuza kA ullekha sambhavataH hindU garuDa kA prabhAva hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa ko kiMpuruSa nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| caturbhuja yakSa ke UparI karoM meM cakra aura zakti tathA nicalI meM abhaya-aura-kaTaka-mudrAoM kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM garuDa para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM vajra, padma, cakra evaM padma (yA abhaya-yA-varadamudrA) ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM varAha para ArUr3ha yakSa ke karoM meM vajra, phala, cakra, evaM padma varNita haiN| uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kI zvetAMbara aura uttara bhArata kI digaMbara paramparA meM garuDa yakSa ke nirUpaNa meM paryApta samAnatA hai| mUrti-paramparA bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya ne garuDa yakSa kI eka mUrti kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha mUrti devagar3ha durga ke pazcimI dvAra ke eka stambha para utkIrNa hai / zUkara para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM gadA, akSamAlA, phala evaM sarpa sthita haiN| zAntinAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM la0 AThavIM zatI I0 meM hI yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa prArambha ho gayA / gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna kI zAntinAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa sadaiva sarvAnubhUti hai| para uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza kI mUrtiyoM (10 vIM 1 garuDayakSaM varAhavAhanaM kroDavadanaM zyAmavarNaM caturbhujaM bIjapUrakapadmayuktadakSiNapANi nakulakAkSasUtravAmapANiM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.16 2 triza0pu0ca05.5.373-74; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTaH-zAntinAtha 459-60, zAntinAthamahAkAvya (munibhadrakRta) 15.131; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 174; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.46 3 triza0pu0ca0, pamAnandamahAkAvya evaM zAntinAthamahAkAvya / 4 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.40 5 garuDo (nAma) to yakSaH zAntinAthasya kIrtitaH / varAhavAhanaH zyAmo cakravaktrazcaturbhujaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.52 6 vakrAnagho'dhastanahastapadya phalonyahastApitavanacakraH / mRgadhvajahitpraNataH saparyAM zyAmaH kiTistho garuDobhyupaitu // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.144 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.16, pR0 336 7 pAzAGkuzalaphalavaro garuDaH syAcchukAsanaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.52 8 hindU zilpazAstroM meM garuDa ke karoM meM cakra, khaDga, musala, aMkuza, zaMkha, zAraMga, gadA evaM pAza Adi ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| draSTavya, banarjI, je0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 532-33 9 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 205-206 10 maTTAcArya, bI0sI, pU0ni0, pR0 110

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 205 12 vIM zatI I0) meM zAntinAtha ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| jina-saMyukta pAramparika rabarUpa meM aMkana nahIM milatA hai / yakSa kA koI svatantra svarUpa bhI sthira nahIM ho sakA / digaMbara sthaloM para yakSa ke karoM meM padma ke atirikta parazu, gadA, daNDa evaM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana haA hai| purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA kI la0 AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti (bI 75) meM dvibhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai| mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM phala, padma, parazu evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha kI dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI pAMca mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA dvibhuja yakSa AmUrtita hai| inameM yakSa ke hAthoM meM gadA evaM phala (yA dhana kA thailA) haiM / do udAharaNoM meM yakSa caturbhuja hai / eka meM yakSa ke karoM meM gadA, parazu, padma evaM phala haiM, aura dUsare meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM jalapAtra / khajurAho ke mandira 1 kI zAntinAtha kI mUrti (1028 I0) meM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake hAthoM meM daNDa, padma, padma evaM phala pradarzita haiN| khajurAho evaM ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 533) kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa phala (yA pyAlA) aura dhana ke thaile se yukta hai (citra 19) / (16) nirvANI (yA mahAmAnasI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA nirvANI (yA mahAmAnasI) jina zAntinAtha kI yakSI hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA nirvANI padmavAhanA aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA mahAmAnasI mayUra-(yA garuDa-) vAhanA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA nirvANI ke dAhine hAthoM meM pustaka evaM utpala aura bAyeM meM kamaNDala evaM padma varNita haiN| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiN| para mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM padma ke sthAna para varadamudrA" aura AcAradinakara meM pustaka ke sthAna para kalhAra (?) ke ullekha haiN| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM mayUravAhanA mahAmAnasI ke hAthoM meM phala, sarpa, cakra evaM varadamudrA ullikhita haiN| samAna lakSaNoM kA ullekha karane vAle anya granthoM meM sarpa ke sthAna para iDhi (yA IDI-khaDagakA varNana hai|' aparAjitapacchA meM mahAmAnasI kA vAhana garuDa hai aura usake karoM meM bANa, dhanuSa, vajra evaM cakra varNita haiN| nirvANI ke sAtha padmavAhana evaM karoM meM padya, pustaka aura kamaNDalu kA pradarzana nizcita hI sarasvatI kA prabhAva hai| digaMbara paramparA meM yakSI ke sAtha mayUravAhana kA nirUpaNa bhI sarasvatI kA hI prabhAva hai|. digaMbara paramparA meM 1 kucha udAharaNoM meM yakSa ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti bhI nirUpita hai| 2 myArahavIM zatI I0 kI ye mUrtiyAM mandira 8 aura mandira 12 (pazcimI cahAradIvArI) para haiN| 3 nirvANI devI gauravarNI padmAsanAM caturbhujAM pustakotpalayuktadakSiNakarAM kamaNDalukamalayutavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.16 4 triza0pu0ca0 5.5.375-76; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-zAntinAtha 460-61; zAntinAthamahAkAvya 15.132 5 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.61 6 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177 7 sumahAmAnasI devI hemavarNA cturbhujaa| phalAhicakrahastAsau varadA zikhivAhanA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.53 cakraphaleDhirAMkitakarAM mahAmAnasIM sUvarNAbhAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.170 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam, 7.16, pR0 345 9 caturbhujA suvarNAbhA zaraH zArgaca vajrakam / cakraM mahAmAnasIsyAt pakSirAjoparisthitA / / aparAjitapacchA 221.30 1. mahAmAnasI kA zAbdika artha vidyA yA jJAna kI pramukha devI hai| sambhavataH isI kAraNa mahAmAnasI ke sAtha sarasvatI kA mayUra vAhana pradarzita kiyA gayA / draSTavya, bhaTTAcArya, bI0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 137

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206 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna mahAmAnasI kA nAma 16 vI mahAvidyA mahAmAnasI se grahaNa kiyA gayA, para devI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM mahAvidyA se bhinna haiN| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM mayUravAhanA mahAmAnasI caturbhujA hai aura usakI UparI bhujAoM meM bI (DATa) evaM cakra aura nicalI meM abhaya-evaM-kaTaka mudrAeM varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM makaravAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM khaDaga, kheTaka. zakti evaM pAza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM uttara bhAratIya dira anurUpa mayUravAhanA yakSI ko phala, khaDga, cakra evaM varadamudrA se yukta nirUpita kiyA gayA hai|' mUrti-paramparA ___ yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke yakSI samUhoM meM utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM zAntinAtha ke sAtha 'zrIyAdevI' nAma kI caturbhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai| yakSI kA vAhana mahiSa hai aura usake hAthoM meM khaDga, cakra, kheTaka evaM parazu pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa zvetAMbara paramparA kI chaThI mahAvidyA naradattA (yA puruSadattA) se prabhAvita hai / bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI dvibhujA hai aura dhyAnamudrA meM padma para virAjamAna hai / yakSI ke donoM hAthoM meM sanAla padma pradarzita haiN| zIrSabhAga meM devI kA abhiSeka karatI huI do gaja AkRtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa pUrNataH abhiSekalakSmI se prabhAvita hai| . zAntinAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM la0 AThavIM zatI I0 meM yakSI kA aMkana prArambha huaa| gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara sthaloM kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvadA ambikA nirUpita hai| para devagar3ha, gyArasapura evaM khajurAho jaise digaMbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM (10vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI AmUrtita hai / " mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura, ma0pra0) kI mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) meM svatantra rUpavAlI yakSI caturbhajA hai aura usake karoM meM abhayAkSa, padma, padma evaM mAtuliMga pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA evaM kalaza (yA phala) haiM / devagar3ha ke mandira 12 ko pazcimI cahAradIvArI kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, pustaka evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| khajurAho ke mandira 1 kI mUrti meM caturbhujA yakSI abhayamudrA, cakrAkAra sanAla padma, padma-pustaka evaM jalapAtra se yukta hai| khajurAho ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI do mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoMvAlI dvibhujA yakSI kA dAhinA hAtha abhayamudrA meM tathA bAyAM kArmuka dhAraNa kiye hue yA jAnu para sthita hai| vizleSaNa uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki zilpa meM yakSI kA pAramparika svarUpa meM aMkana nahIM kiyA gayA / svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI ke nirUpaNa kA prayAsa bhI kevala digaMbara sthaloM kI hI kucha jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM dRSTigata hotA hai| aisI mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, gyArasapura evaM khajurAho se milI haiN| svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI caturbhujA yakSI ke do hAthoM meM do padma, yA eka meM padma aura dUsare meM pustaka pradarzita haiN| digaMbara sthaloM para yakSI ke karoM meM padma evaM pustaka kA pradarzana zvetAMbara prabhAva hai| 1 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 206 2 ji0i0de0, pR0 103, 106 3 mahAvidyA naradattA kA vAhana mahiSa hai aura usake mukhya Ayudha khaDga evaM kheTaka haiM / 4 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 5 mathurA evaM ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlayoM tathA devagar3ha (mandira 8) kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ambikA hai /

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 207 (17) gandharva yakSa zAstrIya paramparA gandharva jina kuMthunAtha kA yakSa hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM gandharva kA vAhana haMsa aura digaMbara paramparA meM pakSI (yA zuka) hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM caturbhuja gandharva kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM pAza aura bAyeM meM mAtuliMga evaM aMkuza haiN| anya granthoM meM bhI inhI AyudhoM ke ullekha haiN| AcArabinakara meM yakSa kA vAhana sitapatra hai| devatAmUtiprakaraNa meM pAza ke sthAna para nAgapAza evaM vAhana ke rUpa meM siMha (?) kA digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ke anusAra caturbhuja gandharva pakSiyAna para ArUr3ha hai| grantha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM pakSiyAna para ArUr3ha gandharva ke karoM meM sarpa, pAza, bANa aura dhanuSa varNita haiN| aparAjitapacchA meM vAhana zuka hai aura hAthoM ke Ayudha padma, abhayamudrA, phala evaM varadamudrA haiN| jaina gandharva kI mUrtivijJAnaparaka vizeSatAeM jainoM kI maulika kalpanA hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara yantha meM mRga para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke do hAthoM meM sarpa aura zeSa meM zara (yA zUla) evaM cApa pradarzita haiN| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM ratha para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM zara, cApa, pAza evaM pAza kA varNana hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM pakSiyAna para avasthita yakSa ke hAthoM meM zara, cApa, pAza evaM pAza haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke zvetAMbara paramparA ke vivaraNa uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna haiN| gandharva yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| kuMthanAtha kI do mUrtiyoM meM bhI pAramparika yakSa ke sthAna para sarvAnubhUti nirUpita hai / ye mUrtiyAM kramazaH rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera evaM vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 35 meM haiN| 1 gandharvayakSa zyAmavaNaM haMsavAhanaM caturbhujaM varadapAzAnvitadakSiNabhujaM mAliMgAMkuzAdhiSThitavAmabhujaM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.17 2 triza0pu0ca0 6.1.116-17; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-kunthunAtha 18-19; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.41 3 AcAradinakara 33, pR0 175 / / 4 kunthanAthasya gandha (vaoNhiMsa? vaH siMha) sthaH zyAmavarNabhAk / varadaM nAgapAzaM cAMkuzaM vai bIjapUrakam // devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.48 5 kuMthunAtha jinendrasya yakSo gandharva saMjJakaH / / pakSiyAna samArUr3haH zyAmavarNaH caturbhujaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.54 6 sanAgapAzovaMkaradvayodyaH karadvayAtteSudhanuH sunIlaH / gandharvayakSaH stabhaketubhaktaH pUjAmupaituzritapakSiyAnaH // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.145 UrddhadvihastoddhRtanAgapAzamadhodvihastasthitacApabANam / pratiSThAtilakam 7.17, pR0 336 7 padmAbhayaphalavaro gandharvaH syAcchukAsanaH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.52 8 jaina, zazikAnta, 'sama kAmana elimenTsa ina di jaina aiNDa hindU painthiAnsa-I-yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja',jaina eNTi0, __ khaM0 18, aM0 1, pR0 21 9 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 206 10 dakSiNa bhArata ke granthoM meM sarpa ke sthAna para pAza kA ullekha hai|

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208 jaina pratimAvijJAna (17) balA (yA jayA) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA . balA (yA jayA) jina kuMthunAtha kI yakSI hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA balA' mayUravAhanA aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA jayA zUkaravAhanA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM mayUravAhanA balA ke dAhine hAthoM meM bIjapUraka evaM zUla aura bAyeM meM muSuNDhi (yA muSaMDhI) evaM padma kA varNana hai / AcAradinakara evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM zUla ke sthAna para trizUla kA ullekha hai| AcAradinakara meM donoM vAma karoM meM muSuNDi ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM muSuNDi ke sthAna para do karoM meM padma kA ullekha hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM zUkaravAhanA jayA ke hAthoM meM zaMkha, khaDga, cakra evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM jayA ko SaDbhujA batAyA gayA hai aura usake hAthoM meM vajra, cakra, pAza, aMkuza, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| balA ke sAtha mayUravAhana evaM zUla kA pradarzana hindU kaumArI yA jaina mahAvidyA prajJapti kA prabhAva hai / jayA ke nirUpaNa meM zUkaravAhana evaM hAthoM meM zaMkha, khaDga aura cakra kA pradarzana hindU vArAhI yA bauddha mArIcI se prabha sakatA hai|' dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA yakSI mayUravAhanA hai / yakSI ke do UparI hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa meM abhayamudrA evaM khaDga kA ullekha hai / AyudhoM ke sandarbha meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvibhujA yakSI kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM nIlotpala varNita haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM kRSNa zUkara para ArUr3ha caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna hI zaMkha, khaDga, cakra evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai|' 1 zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSI kA acyatA evaM gAMdhAriNI nAmoM se bhI ullekha huA hai / 2 muSaNDhI syAd dArumayI vRttAyaH kIlasaMcitA-iti haimakoze-nirvANakalikA, pR0 35 / arthAt muSuNDhI kASTha nirmita hai jisameM lohe kI kIleM lagI hotI haiN| 3 balA devI gauravarNA mayUravAhanAM caturbhujAM bIjapUrakazUlAnvitadakSiNabhujAM muSuNDhipadyAnvitavAmabhujAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.17; draSTavya, tri020pu0ca0 7.1.118-19, padmAnandamahAkAvya-pariziSTa-kunthunAtha 19-20 4 zikhigA sucaturbhujA'tipItA phalapUraM dadhatItrizUlayuktam / karayorapasavyayozca savye karayugme tu bhRzuNDibhRdvalA'vyAt // AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177 gauravarNA mayUrasthA biijpuurtrishuulne| (padmabhuSaMdhikA ?) caiva syAd balA nAma yakSiNI // devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.49 5 gAndhAriNI zikhigatiH kIla bIjapUrazUlAnvitotpalayug-dvikarendugaurA / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.61 6 jayadevI suvarNAbhA kRssnnshuukrvaahnaa| saMkhAsicakrahastAsau varadAdharmavatsalA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.55 draSTavya, pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.171; pratiSThAtilakam 7.17, pR0 345 7 bacacakre pAzAMkuzau phalaM ca varadaM jayA / kanakAmA SaDbhujA ca kRSNazUkarasaMsthitA // aparAjitapRcchA 221.31 8 bhaTTAcArya, bI0sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 138 9 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 206

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yakSa - yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] mUrti- paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha ( mandira 12,862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM kuMthunAtha ke sAtha caturbhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai / " yakSI ke tIna karoM meM cakra (challA), padma evaM naramuNDa pradarzita haiM aura eka kara jAnu para sthita hai| yakSI kA vAhana nara hai jo devI ke samIpa bhUmi para leTA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAMbara paramparA kI TavIM mahAvidyA mahAkAlI ko naravAhanA batAyA gayA hai / para yakSI ke Ayudha mahAvidyA mahAkAlI se pUrNataH bhinna haiM / ataH naravAhana aura karoM meM naramuNDa tathA cakra ke pradarzana ke AdhAra para hindU mahAkAlI yA cAmuNDA kA prabhAva svIkAra karanA adhika upayukta hogA / bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM kuMthu kI dazabhujA yakSI mahiSavAnA hai / yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, daNDa, aMkuza (?), cakra evaM akSamAlA (?) aura vAma meM tIna kAMToM bAlA Ayudha (trizUla), cakra, zaMkha (?), padma evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / 3 rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera evaM vimala sahI (devakulikA 35 ) kI kuMthunAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ambikA hai / (18) yakSendra ( yA khendra ) yakSa zAstrIya paramparA yakSendra (yA khendra ) jina aranAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM SaNmukha, dvAdazabhuja evaM trinetra yakSendra kA vAhana zaMkha batAyA gayA hai / 4 zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM zaMkha para ArUr3ha yakSendra ke dakSiNa karoM meM mAtuliMga, bANa, khaDga, mudgara, pAza, abhayamudrA aura vAma meM nakula, dhanuSa, kheTaka, zUla, aMkuza, akSasUtra kA varNana hai| padmAnandamahAkAvya meM vAma karoM meM kevala pAMca hI AyudhoM ke ullekha haiM jo cakra, dhanuSa, zUla, aMkuza evaM akSasUtra haiM / " mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM yakSa ko vRSabhArUr3ha kahA gayA hai aura usake eka dAhine hAtha meM pAza ke sthAna para zUla kA ullekha hai / AcAradinakara meM kheTaka ke sthAna para sphara milatA hai / " devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM yakSendra kA vAhana zeSa hai aura usake eka hAtha meM bANa ke sthAna para kapAla (ziras ) ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / " digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM zaMkhavAhana se yukta khendra ke karoM ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThA- ' sArodvAra meM yakSa ke bAyeM hAthoM meM dhanuSa, vajra, pAza, mudgara, aMkuza aura varadamudrA varNita haiM / dAhine hAthoM ke kevala tIna hI AyudhoM kA ullekha hai jo bANa, padma evaM phala haiM / " pratiSThAtilakam meM dakSiNa karoM meM bANa, padma evaM aruphala ke 1 ji0i0 de0, pR0 103 2 rAva, TI0e0 gopInAtha, pU0ni0, pR0 358, 386 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 4 yakSendrayakSaM SaNmukhaM trinetraM zyAmavarNa zaMkhavAhanaM dvAdazabhujaM mAtu liMgabANakha D gamudgarapAzAbhayayuktadakSiNapANi nakuladhanuzcarmaphalakazUlAMkuzAkSasUtrayuktavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18:18; draSTavya, tri0za0pu0ca0 6.5.97-98 5 padmAnandamahAkAvya pariziSTa- aranAtha 17 - 18 6 yakSo'sito vRSagatiH zaramAtuliMga zUlAbhayA sikalamudgarapANiSaTkaH zUlAMkuzasragahivairidhanUMSi bibhrad vAmeSu kheTakayutAni hitAni dadyAt / mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.42 7 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175 9 arasyajinanAthasya khendro yakSastrilocanaH / 209 8 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.50-51 dvAdazorubhujAH zyAmaH SaNmukhaH zaMkhavAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.56 10 ArabhyoparimAtkareSu kalayan vAmeSu cApaM pavi pAzaM mudgaramaMkuzaM ca varadaH SaSThena yuMjan paraH / vANAMbhoja phalastragacchapaTalI lIlAvilAsAstridRk SaDvakreSTagarAMkabhaktirasitaH khendrocyate zaMkhagaH // 27 pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.146

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210 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sAtha hI mAlA (puSpahAra), akSamAlA evaM lIlAmudrA ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai / " aparAjitapRcchA meM yakSeza SaDbhuja hai aura usakA vAhana khara hai / yakSa ke karoM meM vajra, cakra (ari), dhanuSa, bANa, phala evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai / yakSa ke nirUpaNa meM hindU kArtikeya evaM indra ke kA aura digaMbara paramparA meM yakSa kI bhujAoM meM vajra evaM saMyukta prabhAva dekhe jA sakate haiM / yakSa kA SaNmukha honA kArtikeya aMkuza kA pradarzana indra kA prabhAva darazAtA hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM SaNmukha evaM dvAdazabhuja khendra kA vAhana mayUra hai / grantha meM kevala chaha hAthoM ke Ayudha varNita haiM / yakSa ke do hAtha goda meM haiM aura anya cAra meM kamAna ( kruka), uraga tathA abhaya-aura-kaTaka mudrAoM kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvibhuja yakSa kA nAma jaya hai aura usake hAthoM ke Ayudha trizUla evaM daNDa haiM / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM dvAdazabhuja yakSa ke karoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna kArmuka, vajra, pAza, mudgara, aMkuza, varadamudrA, zara, padma, phala, sruka, puSpahAra evaM akSamAlA varNita haiM / 3 yakSa kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI eka aranAtha kI mUrti (je 861, 10vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai / (18) dhAraNI ( yA tArAvatI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA dhAraNI (yA tArAvatI) jina aranAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA dhAraNI ( yA kAlI ) kA vAhana padma hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA tArAvatI (yA vijayA) kA vAhana haMsa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA dhAraNI ke dAhine hAthoM meM mAtuliMga evaM utpala aura bAyeM meM pAza evaM akSasUtra kA varNana hai / anya sabhI granthoM meM pAza sthAna para padma kA ullekha hai / " digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM haMsavAhanA tArAvatI ke karoM meM sarpa, vajra, mRga evaM varadamudrA varNita haiM / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / 7 kevala aparAjitapRcchA meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake do hAthoM meM mRga evaM varadamudrA ke sthAna para cakra evaM phala ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|" tArAvatI kA svarUpa, nAma evaM sarpa ke pradarzana ke sandarbha meM, bauddha tArA se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / " 1 bANAMbujoruphalamAlyamahAkSamAlAlI lAyajAmyaramitaM tridazaM ca khendraM / pratiSThAtilakam 7 18, pR0 336 2 yakSeT kharastho vajrAridhanurbANAH phalaM varaH / aparAjitapucchA 221.53 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 206 - 207 2 4 dhAraNIM devIM kRSNavarNAM caturbhujAM mAtuliMgotpalAnvitadakSiNabhujAM pAzAkSasUtrAnvitavAmakarAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.18 5 tri0 za0pu0ca0 6.5.99-100; padmAnandamahAkAvya pariziSTa - aranAtha 19; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.52 6 devI tArAvatI nAmnA hemavarNAMzcaturbhujA / sarpavajraM mRgaM dhatte varadA haMsavAhanA || pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.57 I 7 svarNAbhAM haMsagAM sarpamRgavajravaroddharAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.172; draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.18, pR0 346 8 siMhAsanA caturbAhurvajracakraphaloragAH / tejovatI svarNavarNA nAmnA sA vijayAmatA / aparAjitapRcchA 221.32 9 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 139

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 211 ___ dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usakI UparI bhujAoM meM sapaM evaM nicalI meM abhayamudrA evaM zakti kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM vRSabhavAhanA yakSI (vijayA) SaNmukhA evaM dvAdazabhujA hai jisake karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, zara, cApa, cakra, aMkuza, daNDa, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, nIlotpala, abhayamudrA aura phala kA varNana hai| yakSI kA svarUpa yakSendra (18vAM yakSa) se prabhAvita hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM haMsavAhanA vijayA caturbhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna sarpa, vajra, mRga evaM varadamudrA varNita haiN|' mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhUjI guphA ke samadoM meM utkIrNa haiN| devagar3ha meM aranAtha ke sAtha 'tArAdevI' nAma kI dvibhujA yakSI nirUpita hai| yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA jAna para sthita hai aura bAyIM meM padma hai / bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM bhI yakSI dvibhujA hai aura usakA vAhana sambhavataH gaja hai| yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA evaM sanAla padma pradarzita haiN| uparyukta donoM mUrtiyoM meM yakSI kI eka bhujA meM padma kA pradarzana zvetAMbara paramparA se nirdezita ho sakatA hai| smaraNIya hai ki donoM mUrtiyAM digaMbara sthaloM se milI haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI jina-saMyukta mUrti meM dvibhuja yakSI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| (19) kubera yakSa zAstrIya paramparA kabera (yA yakSeza) jina mallinAtha kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM gajArUDha yakSa ko catamakha evaM aSTabhaja batAyA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM garuDavadana' kubera kA vAhana gaja hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM me varadamudrA. paraza, zala evaM abhayamudrA tathA bAyeM meM bIjapUraka, zakti, mudgara evaM akSasUtra kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM kA varNana hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM kubera ko caturmukha nahIM kahA gayA hai| devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM rathArUr3ha kubera ke kevala chaha hI hAthoM ke AyudhoM kA ullekha hai; phalasvarUpa zUla evaM akSasUtra kA anullekha hai|' .... digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM gajArUr3ha yakSeza ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / pratiSThAsAroddhArameM kubera ke hAthoM meM phalaka, dhanuSa, daNDa, padma, khaDga, bANa, pAza evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / '' aparAjitapRcchA 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 207 2 ji0i030, pR0 103, 106 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 4 padma kA pradarzana bauddha tArA kA prabhAva bhI ho sakatA hai| 5 kevala nirvANakalikA meM hI yakSa ko garuDavadana kahA gayA hai / 6 kuberayakSaM caturmukhamindrAyudhavaNaM garuDavadanaM gajAvAhanaM aSTabhujaM varadaparazuzUlAbhayayuktadakSiNapANiM bIjapUrakazaktimud parAkSasUtrayukta-vAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.19 (pA0Ti ke anusAra mUla grantha meM varada, pAza evaM cApa ke ullekha haiN|) 7 tri020pu0ca0 6.6.251-52; padmAnandamahAkAvya-pariziSTa-mallinAtha 58-59; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.43; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175; mallinAthacaritram (vinayacandrasUrikRta) 7.1154-1156 8 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.53 9 mallinAthasya yakSezaH kubero hastivAhanaH / surendracApavarNosAvaSTahastazcaturmukhaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.58 10 saphalakadhanurdaNDapadya khaDgapradarasupAzavarapradASTapANim / gajagamanacaturmukhendra cApadyutikalazAMkanataM yajekuberam // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.147 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.19, pR0 337

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212 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna meM yakSa ko caturbhuja aura siMha para ArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai aura usake karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, phala evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / " kubera ke nirUpaNa meM nAma, gajavAhana evaM mudgara ke sandarbha meM hindU kubera kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai / para jaina kubera kI mUrtivijJAnaparaka dUsarI vizeSatAeM svatantra evaM maulika haiM / 3 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA -- donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM aSTabhuja kubera kA vAhana gaja hai / digaMbara grantha meM caturmukha yakSa ke dakSiNa karoM meM khaDga, zUla, kaTAra aura abhayamudrA tathA vAma meM zara, cApa, barphI (yA gadA) aura kaTakamudrA (yA koI anya Ayudha) ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha ke anusAra caturmukha kubera khaDga, kheTaka, bANa, dhanuSa, mAtuliMga, parazu, varadamudrA aura zaNDamudrA (?) se yukta hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM yakSa ke karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, zara, cApa, padma, daNDa, pAza evaM varadamudrA varNita haiM / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparAeM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se prabhAvita haiM / kubera yakSa kI koI svatantra yA jina-saMyukta mUrti nahIM milI hai / (19) vairoTyA ( yA aparAjitA ) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA vairoTyA (yA aparAjitA ) jina mallinAtha kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA vairoTyA " kA vAhana padma hai aura digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA aparAjitA kA vAhana zarabha ( yA aSTApada) hai / zvetAMbara paramparA -nirvANakalikA meM padmavAhanA vairoTyA ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM akSasUtra aura bAyeM meM mAtuliMga evaM zakti kA varNana hai / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM AyudhoM ke ullekha haiM / 7 digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM aparAjitA kA vAhana aSTApada ( zarabha ) hai aura usake tIna hAthoM meM phala, khaDga evaM kheTaka kA ullekha hai; cauthI bhujA kI sAmagrI kA anullekha hai / " anya granthoM meM zarabhavAhanA yakSI kI cauthI bhujA meM varadamudrA varNita hai / " 1 pAzAGkuzaphalavarA dhaneT siMhe caturmukhaH / aparAjita pRcchA 221.53 pU0ni0, pR0 113 2 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 3 jaina kubera ke hAtha meM dhana ke thaile ( nakula ke carma se nirmita) kA na pradarzita kiyA jAnA isa dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai / jJAtavya hai ki dhana ke thaile evaM aMkuza aura pAza se yukta gajArUr3ha yakSa kA ullekha neminAtha ke sarvAnubhUti yakSa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai kyoMki neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sAtha yahI yakSa nirUpita hai / 4 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 207 5 mantrAdhirAjakalpa evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM yakSI ko kramazaH vanajAta devI aura dharaNapriyA nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / 6 vairoTyAM devIM kRSNavarNAM padmAsanAM caturbhujAM varadAkSasUtrayukta dakSiNakarAM mAtuliMgazaktiyuktavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.19 7 tri00pu0ca0 6.6.253 - 54; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa - mallinAtha 60 - 61; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.62; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.54; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177 8 aSTApadaM samArUDhA devI nAmnA'parAjitA / phalAsikhehastAsI haridvarNA caturbhujA / / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.59 9 zarabhasthAcyate kheTaphalAsivarayuk harit / / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.173 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.19, pR0 346; aparAjitapRcchA 221.33

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 213 yakSI vairoTyA kA nAma nizcita hI 13vIM mahAvidyA vairoTyA se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, para yakSI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM mahAvidyA se pUrI taraha bhinna haiM / jaina paramparA meM mahAvidyA vairoTyA ko nAgendra dharaNa kI pramukha rAnI batAyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM yakSI vairoTyA ko bhI kramazaH nAgAdhipa kI priyatamA aura dharaNapriyA kahA gayA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA aparAjitA kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usake UparI hAthoM meM khaDga evaM kheTaka aura nicale meM abhaya-evaM-kaTaka mudrAeM varNita haiN| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha ke anusAra lomar3I para AsIna yakSI dvibhujA aura varadamudrA evaM satara (puSpa) se yukta hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa zarabhavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM phala, khaDga, phalaka evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai|' . mUrti-paramparA ____ yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha (mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke yakSI samUhoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM mallinAtha ke sAtha 'hImAdevI' nAma kI sAmAnya svarUpa vAlI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai / 2 yakSI ke dakSiNa hAtha meM kalaza hai aura vAma bhujA jAnu para sthita hai| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM aSTabhujA yakSI kA vAhana koI pazu (sambhavataH azva) hai tathA usake dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, zakti, bANa, khaDga aura vAma meM zaMkha (?), dhanuSa, kheTaka, patAkA pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai| (20) varuNa yakSa zAstrIya paramparA varuNa jina munisuvrata kA yakSa hai| donoM paramparAoM meM vRSabhArUr3ha varuNa ko jaTAmukuTa se yukta aura trinetra batAyA gayA hai| ___zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM varuNa yakSa ko caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja kahA gayA hai tathA vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa ke dAhine hAthoM meM mAtRliMga, gadA, bANa, zakti evaM bAyeM meM nakulaka, padma, dhanuSa, parazu kA ullekha hai / do granthoM meM padma ke sthAna para akSamAlA kA ullekha hai|" mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM varuNa ko catarmukha nahIM batAyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM yakSa ko dvAdazalocana kahA gayA hai / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM parazu ke sthAna para pAza ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| digaMbara paramparA--pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM vRSabhArUr3ha varuNa aSTAnana evaM caturbhuja hai| grantha meM AyudhoM kA anullekha hai pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM jaTAkirITa se zobhita caturbhuja varuNa ke karoM meM kheTaka, khaDga, phala evaM varadamudrA ke 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 207 2 ji030de0, pR0 103, 106 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 4 varuNayakSa caturmukhaM trinetraM dhavalavarNaM vRSabhavAhanaM jaTAmukuTamaNDitaM aSTabhujaM mAtaliMgagadAbANazaktiyutadakSiNapANi nakulakapadmadhanuH parazuyutavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.20 5 triza0pu0ca0 6.7.194-95; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-munisuvrata 43-44 6 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.44 7 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175 8 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.55-56 9 munisuvratanAthasya yakSo varuNasaMkSakaH / trinetro vRSabhAruDaH zvetavarNazcaturbhujaH // aSTAnano mahAkAyo jaTAmukUTabhUSitaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.60-61

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214 [jaina pratimAvijJAna pradarzana kA vidhAna hai|' aparAjitapRcchA meM SaDbhuja varuNa ke karoM meM pAza, aMkuza, kAmuka, zara, uraga evaM vajra vaNita haiN| yadyapi varuNa yakSa kA nAma pazcima dizA ke dikpAla varuNa se grahaNa kiyA gayA para usakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM dikpAla se bhinna haiN| varuNa yakSa kA trinetra honA aura usake sAtha vRSabhavAhana aura jaTAmukuTa kA pradarzana ziva kA prabhAva hai| hAthoM meM parazu evaM sarpa ke pradarzana bhI ziva ke prabhAva kA hI samarthana karate haiM / * dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM saptamukha evaM caturbhuja yakSa ke vAhana kA anullekha hai / yakSa ke dakSiNa karoM meM puSpa (padma) evaM abhayamudrA aura vAma meM kaTakamudrA evaM kheTaka varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM paMcamukha evaM aSTabhuja varuNa kA vAhana makara hai tathA yakSa ke karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka, zara, cApa, phala, pAza, varadamudrA evaM daNDa kA ullekha hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa trinetra evaM caturbhuja yakSa vRSabhArUr3ha aura hAthoM meM khaDga, varadamudrA, kheTaka evaM phala se yukta hai| mUrti-paramparA osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira (zvetAMbara) ke ardhamaNDapa ke pUrvI chajje para eka dvibhuja devatA kI mUrti hai jisameM vRSabhArUr3ha devatA ke dAhine hAtha meM khaDga hai aura bAMyA jAnu para sthita hai / vRSabhavAhana evaM khaDga ke AdhAra para devatA kI pahacAna varuNa yakSa se kI jA sakatI hai / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 776) evaM vimalavasahI (devakulikA 11 evaM 31) kI munisuvrata kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai| (20) naradattA (yA bahurUpiNI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA naradattA (yA bahurUpiNI) jina munisuvrata kI yakSI hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA naradattA" bhadrAsana para virAjamAna hai / digaMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA bahurUpiNI kA vAhana kAlA nAga hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM bhadrAsana para virAjamAna yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM akSasUtra aura bAyeM meM bIjapUraka evaM kumbha varNita haiM / samAna lakSaNoM kA ullekha karane vAle anya granthoM meM kumbha ke sthAna para zUla 1 jaTAkirIToSTamukhastrinetro vAmAnyakheTAsiphaleSTadAnaH / kUrmAkanamro varuNo vRSasthaH zveto mahAkAyaupaitutRptim // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.148 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.20, pR0 337 2 pAzAGkaza dhanurbANa sarpavajrA hyamAMpatiH / aparAjitapRcchA 221.54 3 aparAjitapRcchA meM varuNa yakSa ko jala kA svAmI (apAMpati) bhI batAyA gayA hai / 4 rAmacandrana, TI0ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 207 / / 5 nirvANakalikA evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM yakSI ko varadattA, AcAradinakara evaM pravacanasAroddhAra meM acchuptA aura mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM sugandhi nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / 6 varadattAM devIM gauravarNA bhadrAsanArUDhAM caturbhujAM varadAkSasUtrayutadakSiNakarAM bIjapUrakakumbhayutavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.20

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yakSa - yakSI pratimAvijJAna ] kA nirdeza hai / " devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake eka hAtha meM kumbha ke sthAna para trizUla kA ullekha hai / digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM kAle nAga para ArUr3ha bahurUpiNI ke tIna karoM meM kheTaka, khaDga evaM phala haiM; cauthI bhujA ke Ayudha kA anullekha hai / pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM cauthe hAtha meM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM 'bahurUpA dvibhujA aura khaDga evaM kheTaka se yukta hai / " zvetAMbara paramparA meM naradattA evaM acchuptA ke nAma kramazaH chaThI aura 14 vIM jaina mahAvidyAoM se grahaNa kiye gaye / para unakI mUrtivijJAnaparaka vizeSatAeM svatantra haiM / digaMbara paramparA meM bahurUpiNI yakSI ke sAtha sarpavAhana evaM khaDga aura kheTaka kA pradarzana 13 vIM jaina mahAvidyA vairoTyA se prabhAvita hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA bahurUpiNI kA vAhana uraga hai aura usake UparI karoM meM khaDga, kheTaka evaM nicale meM abhaya-aura-kaTaka mudrAeM varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM mayUravAnA vidyA dvibhujA aura karoM meM khaDga evaM kheTaka dhAraNa kiye / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM sarpavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM kheTaka, khaDga, phala evaM varadamudrA varNita haiM / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata kI donoM paramparAoM evaM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke vivaraNoM meM paryApta samAnatA hai / mUrti-paramparA 215 bahurUpiNI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM kramazaH devagar3ha ( mandira 12,862I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke sAmUhika aMkanoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM munisuvrata ke sAtha 'sidhai' nAma kI caturbhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai / " padmavAhanA yakSI ke tIna hAthoM zrRMkhalA, abhaya-padya ( yA pAza ) aura padma pradarzita / cauthI bhujA jAnu para sthita hai| yakSI ke sAtha padma vAhana evaM karoM meM zRGkhalA aura padma kA pradarzana jaina mahAvidyA vajrazRGkhalA kA prabhAva hai / " bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM vrata kI dvibhujA yakSI ko zayyA para leTe hue pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| yakSI ke samIpa tIna sevaka aura zayyA ke nIce 1 samAtuliMgazUlAbhyAM vAmadorbhyAM ca zobhitA / tri0 za0pu0ca0 6.7.196-97 draSTavya, padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa - munisuvrata 45-46; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177; maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 3.63 2 varadattA gauravarNI siMhArUDhA suzobhanA / varadaM cAkSasUtraM trizUlaM ca vIjapUrakam / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.57 3 kRSNanAgasamArUDhA devatA bahurUpiNI / kheTaM khaDgaM phalaM dhatte hemavarNA caturbhujA || pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.61-62 4 yaje kRSNA higAM kheTakaphalakhaDgavarottarAm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.174 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7 20, pR0 346 5 dvibhujA svarNavarNA ca khaDgakheTaka dhAriNI / sarpAsanA ca kartavyA bahurUpA sukhAvahA / / aparAjitapRcchA 221.34 6 zvetAMbara paramparA meM uragavAhanA mahAvidyA vairoTyA ke hAthoM meM sarpa, kheTaka, khaDga evaM sarpa ke pradarzana kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 7 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 208 9 padma trizUla jaisA dIkha rahA 1 10 jaina granthoM meM vajra zrRMkhalA mahAvidyA ko padmavAhanA aura do hAthoM meM zrRMkhalA tathA zeSa meM varadamudrA evaM padma se yukta batAyA gayA hai / 8 ji060 de0, pR0 103

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna kalaza utkINaM haiN| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki digaMbara sthaloM kI cAra anya jina mUrtiyoM (9vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM mUlanAyaka kI AkRti ke nIce eka strI ko ThIka isI prakAra zayyA para vizrAma karate hue AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| debalA mitrA ne tIna udAharaNoM meM munisuvrata ke sAtha nirUpita uparyukta strI AkRti kI pahacAna munisuvrata kI yakSI se kI hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU evaM vimalavasahI kI munisuvrata kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA nirUpita hai| (21) bhRkuTi yakSa zAstrIya paramparA bhRkuTi jina naminAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM vRSabhArUr3ha bhRkuTi ko caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja kahA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM trinetra aura caturmukha bhRkuTi kA vAhana vRSabha hai / bhRkuTi ke dAhine hAthoM meM mAtuliMga, zakti, mudgara, abhayamudrA evaM bAyeM meM nakula, parazu, vajra, akSasUtra kA ullekha hai| anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| AcAradinakara meM dvAdazAkSa yakSa kI bhujA meM akSamAlA ke sthAna para mauktikamAlA kA ullekha hai| devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM cAra karoM meM mAtuliMga, zakti, mudgara evaM abhayamudrA varNita haiM; zeSa karoM ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai|' digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM caturmukha bhRkuTi kA vAhana nandI hai, kintu AyudhoM kA anullekha hai|' pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM yakSa ke karoM meM kheTaka, khaDga, dhanuSa, bANa, aMkuza, padma, cakra evaM varadamudrA vaNita haiM / ' aparAjitapRcchA 1 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 132 2 bajarAmaTha (gyArasapura), vaibhAra pahAr3I (rAjagira),AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA, pI0sI0 nAhara saMgraha, klkttaa| vaibhAra pahAr3I evaM AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya kI jina mUrtiyoM meM munisuvrata kA kUrmalAMchana bhI utkIrNa hai| draSTavya, jai0ka0sthA0, khaM0 1, pR0 172 3 strI ke samIpa koI bAlaka AkRti nahIM utkIrNa hai, ataH ise jina kI mAtA kA aMkana nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| phira mAtA kA jina mUtiyoM ke pAdapIThoM para jinoM ke caraNoM ke nIce aMkana bhAratIya paramparA ke viruddha bhI hai / dUsarI ora bArabhujI guphA meM yakSiyoM ke samUha meM munisuvrata ke sAtha isa devI kA citraNa usake yakSI hone kA sUcaka hai| 4 mitrA, debalA, 'AikAnogrAphika noTsa', ja0e0so0baM0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, pR0 37-39 5 bhRkuTiyakSaM caturmukhaM trinetraM hemavarNaM vRSabhavAhanaM aSTabhujaM mAtuliMgazaktimudgarAbhayayuktadakSiNapANi nakulaparazuvajrAkSa sUtravAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.21 6 trizapu0ca0 7.11.98-99; padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-naminAtha 18-19; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.45 7 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175 . 8 bhRkuTi (nemi ? nami) nAthasya pInastryakSazcaturmukhaH / vRSavAho mAtuliMgaM zaktizca mudgarAbhayau // devatAmUrtikaraNa 7.58 9 naminAthajinendrasya yakSo bhRkuTisaMjJakaH / aSTabAhuzcaturvaktro raktAbho nandivAhanaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.63 10 kheTAsikodaNDazarAMkuzAbjacakreSTadAnollasitASTahastam / caturmukha nandigamutphalAkabhaktaM japAbhaM bhRkuTiM yajAmi // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.149 / draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.21, pR0 337

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] meM yakSa ke kevala pAMca hI karoM ke Ayudha ullikhita haiM, jo zUla, zakti, vajra, kheTaka evaM Damaru haiM / ' ullekhanIya hai ki digaMbara paramparA meM yakSa ko trinetra nahIM batAyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM bhRkuTi kA trinetra honA aura usake sAtha vRSabhavAhana evaM paraza kA pradarzana ziva kA prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| digaMbara paramparA meM bhI bhRkuTi kA vAhana nandI hI hai| hindU granthoM meM ziva ke bhRkuTi svarUpa grahaNa karane kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM vRSabhArUr3ha yakSa ko caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja batAyA gayA hai jisake dakSiNa karoM meM khaDga, barcI (yA zaMku), puSpa, abhayamudrA evaM vAma meM phalaka, kAmuka, zara, kaTakamudrA varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM yakSa caturmukha evaM aSTabhuja hai, para usakA nAma vidyutprabha batAyA gayA hai| usakA vAhana haMsa hai aura usake karoM meM asi, phalaka, iSu, cApa, cakra, aMkuza, varadamudrA evaM puSpa kA ullekha hai| samAna lakSaNoM kA ullekha karane vAle yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM yakSa kA vAhana vRSabha hai aura eka hAtha meM puSpa ke sthAna para padma prApta hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata ke donoM paramparAoM ke vivaraNa sAmAnyataH uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke samAna haiN| bhRkuTi kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai| lUNavasahI kI devakulikA 19 kI naminAtha kI mUrti (1233 I0) meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai| (21) gAndhArI (yA cAmuNDA) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA gAndhAro (yA cAmuNDA) jina naminAtha kI yakSI hai| zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA gAndhArI (yA mAlinI) kA vAhana haMsa aura digaMbara paramparA meM cAmuNDA (yA kusumamAlinI) kA vAhana makara hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM haMsavAhanA gAndhArI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga evaM bAyeM meM bIjapUraka, kumma (yA kuMta?) kA ullekha hai| pravacanasAroddhAra, mantrAdhirAjakalpa evaM AcAradinakara meM kumbha ke sthAna para kramazaH zUla, phalaka evaM zakunta ke ullekha haiN|"do granthoM meM vAma karoM meM phala ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| devatAmatiprakaraNa meM haMsavAhanA yakSI aSTabhujA hai aura akSamAlA, vajra, parazu, nakula, varadamudrA, khaDga, kheTaka evaM mAtuliMga (luMga) se yukta hai| 1 zalazakti vajrakheTA ? Damaru kuTistathA / aparAjitapRcchA 221.54 2 racita bhRkuTibandhaM nandinA dvAri ruddhe / harivilAsa / draSTavya, bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 115 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 208 4 namegAndhArI devI zvetAM haMsavAhanAM caturbhujAM varadakhar3agayuktadakSiNabhujadvayAM bIjapUrakumbha-(kunta ?)-yutavAmapANidvayAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.21 5 pravacanasAroddhAra 21, pR0 94; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.63; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177 / zakunta pakSI evaM kunta donoM kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai| 6 ""vAmAbhyAM bIjapUribhyAM bAhubhyAmupazobhitA / triza0pu0ca0 7.11.100-101; draSTavya, padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa-naminAtha 20-21 7 akSavajraparazunakulaM mathAnastu gAndhArI ykssinnii| varakhaDgakheTa luMgaM haMsArUDhAstitA kAyo / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.59 28

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218 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM makaravAnA cAmuNDA caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM daNDa (yaSTi), kheTaka, akSamAlA evaM khaDga ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai|' aparAjitapRcchA meM cAmuNDA aSTabhujA aura usakA vAhana markaTa hai / usake hAthoM meM zUla, khaDga, mudgara, pAza, vajra, cakra, DamarU evaM akSamAlA varNita haiN| nami kI cAmuNDA evaM gAndhArI yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM vAsupUjya kI gAndhArI evaM caNDA yakSiyoM ke vAhana (makara) evaM Ayudha (zUla) kA paraspara AdAna-pradAna huA hai / vAsupUjya kI gAndhArI evaM nami kI cAmuNDA makaravAhanA hai aura nami kI gAndhArI evaM vAsupUjya kI caNDA kI eka bhujA meM zUla pradarzita hai / cAmuNDA kA eka nAma kusumamAlinI bhI hai, jise hindU kusumamAlI yA kAma se sambandhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki kusumamAlI yA kAma kA vAhana makara hai / 3 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI makaravAnA hai aura usake dakSiNa karoM meM akSamAlA evaM khaDga (yA abhayamudrA) aura vAma meM daNDa evaM kaTakamudrA ullikhita haiN| ajJAtanAma vetAMbara grantha meM varadamudrA evaM padma dhAraNa karanevAlI yakSI dvibhujA aura usakA vAhana haMsa hai| yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa makaravAnA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM khaDga, daNDa, phalaka evaM akSasUtra diye gaye haiM / mUrti-paramparA yakSI kI do svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM devagar3ha ( mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM bArabhujI guphA ke samUhoM meM utkIrNa haiM / devagar3ha meM naminAtha ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI utkIrNa hai / yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM kalaza hai aura bAyAM hAtha jAnu para sthita hai / " bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM nami kI yakSI trimukhI, caturbhujA evaM haMsavAhanA hai jisake karoM meM varadamudrA, akSamAlA, tridaNDI evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA nirUpaNa hindU brahmANI se prabhAvita hai | S lUNavasahI kI jina-saMyukta mUrti meM yakSI ambikA hai / (22) gomedha yakSa zAstrIya paramparA gomedha jina neminAtha kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM trimukha evaM SaDbhuja gomedha kA vAhana nara ( yA puSpa ) batAyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM nara para ArUr3ha gomegha ke dakSiNa karoM meM mAtuliMga, parazu aura cakra tathA vAma meM nakula, zUla aura zakti kA ullekha hai / ' anya granthoM meM bhI yahI lakSaNa varNita haiM / " AcAradinakara meM gomegha ke samIpa hI ambikA (ambaka ) ke avasthita hone kA ullekha hai / 1 cAmuNDA yaSTikhaTAkSasUtrakhaDgotkaTA harit / makarasthAyate paJcadazadaNDonnatezabhAk / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.175; draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.21, pR0 347 2 raktAbhASTabhujA zUlakhaDgau mudgarapAzakau / vajracakre DamarvakSau cAmuNDA markaTAsanA || aparAjita pRcchA 221.35 3 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 142 4 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pu0ni0, pR0 208 5 ji0i0 de0, pR0 102, 106 6 mitrA, debalA, pu0ni0, pR0 132 7 jJAtavya hai ki mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha ke yakSa kI eka bhujA meM dhana ke thaile kA niyamita pradarzana huA hai| dhana kA thailA nakula ke carma se nirmita hai / 8 gomedhayakSaM trimukhaM zyAmavaNaM puruSavAhanaM SaTbhujaM mAtuliMgaparazucakrAnvitadakSiNapANi nakulakazUlazaktiyutavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.22 9 tri0 za0pu0ca0 8.9.383 - 84 padmAnandamahAkAvya : pariziSTa - neminAtha 55 - 56 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.46 ; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.60; acAradinakara 34, pR0 175

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yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM vAhana nara hai aura hAthoM ke pratiSThAtilaka meM dughaNa ke sthAna para dhana ke bhujA meM dhana kA thailA pradarzita huA / gomedha ke naravAhana evaM puSpayAna ko hindU kubera kA prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai jisakA vAhana nara hai aura ratha puSpa yA puSpakama hai| yahI puSpaka antataH rAma ne rAvaNa se prApta kiyA thaa| vAhana ke atirikta gomedha para hindU kubera kA anya koI prabhAva nahIM hai / " 219 gomedha kA vAhana puSpa kahA gayA hai kintu AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / ' Ayudha mudgara (dudhaNa), parazu, daNDa, phala, vajra evaM varadamudrA haiM / * pradarzana kA nirdeza hai jisake kAraNa hI mUrtiyoM meM nemi ke yakSa kI eka dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM trimukha evaM SaDbhuja sarvANha kA vAhana laghu mandira hai / yakSa ke dakSiNa karoM meM zakti, puSpa, abhayamudrA evaM vAma meM daNDa, kuThAra, kaTakamudrA varNita haiM / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM trimukha evaM SaDbhuja yakSa kA vAhana nara hai tathA usake karoM meM kazA, mudgara, phala, parazu, baradamudrA evaM daNDa ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM gomedha caturbhuja hai aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM varadamudrA varNita haiM / yakSa kA cihna puSpa hai aura zIrSabhAga meM dharmacakra kA ullekha hai| vAhana gaja hai / dakSiNa bhArata ke prathama do granthoM ke vivaraNa sAmAnyataH uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA se mela khAte haiM, para yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa kA vivaraNa svatantra hai / 7 mUrti-paramparA mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha ke sAtha nara para ArUr3ha trimukha aura SaDbhuja pAramparika yakSa kabhI nahIM nirUpita huA / mUrtiyoM meM nemi ke sAtha sadaiva gajArUr3ha sarvAnubhUti ( yA kubera ) " AmUrtita hai / sarvAnubhUti kA zvetAMbara sthaloM para caturbhuja aura digaMbara sthaloM para dvibhuja rUpoM meM nirUpaNa upalabdha hotA hai / digaMbara sthaloM (devagar3ha, saheThamaheTha, khajurAho ) kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ke sthAna para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI bho utkIrNita haiM / sarvAnubhUti ke hAtha meM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana sabhI kSetroM meM lokapriya thA / " para gajavAhana evaM karoM meM pAza aura aMkuza ke pradarzana kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM para hI dRSTigata hote haiM / sarvAnubhUti kI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyAM gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara sthaloM se milI haiM / 1 neminAthajinendrasya yakSo gomeghanAmabhAk / zyAmavarNaM strivaktrazca SaT hastaH puSpavAhanaH // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.65 2 mAstrivaktro drughaNaM kuThAraM daNDaM phalaM vajravarI ca vibhrat / gomedayakSa : kSitazaMkhalakSmApUjAM nRvAho'haMtu puSpayAnaH // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.150 3 dhanaM kuThAraM ca bibhrati daNDaM savyaiH phalairvajravaro ca yo'nyaiH / pratiSThAtilakam 7.22, pR0 337 pU0ni0, pR0 528-39; bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 115-16 4 banarjI, je0 ena0 5. kevala eka grantha meM dhana ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai| isa vizeSatA ko bhI hindU kubera se sambandhita kiyA jA sakatA hai / 6 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 7 dvibhuja yakSa kI mUrti pU0ni0, pR0 208-09 elorA kI guphA 32 meM utkIrNa hai / isameM gajArUr3ha yakSa ke hAthoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiM / yakSa ke makuTa meM eka choTI jina AkRti utkIrNa haiM / 8 vividhatIrthakalpa ( pR0 19) meM ambikA ke sAtha gomedha ke sthAna para kubera kA ullekha hai aura usakA vAhana nara batAyA gayA hai| mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha ke yakSa yakSI ke rUpa meM sadaiva sarvAnubhUti ( yA kubera ) evaM ambikA hI nirUpita haiM / 9 dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gyaa| zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 31

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna gujarAta - rAjasthAna --- isa kSetra kI zvetAMbara paramparA kI jina mUrtiyoM ke sAtha (6ThI 12 vIM zatI I0) tathA mandiroM ke dahalIjoM para sarvAnubhUti kI aneka mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / AThavIM navIM zatI I0 meM sarvAnubhUti kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA bhI utkIrNana prArambha huA / akoTA kI navIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa hAthoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA liye hai / ' sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM sarvAnubhUti ke sAtha gajavAhana kA citraNa prArambha huA aura dasavIM zatI I0 meM usakI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huiiN| para akoTA aura vasaMtagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM meM gyArahavIM zatI I0 taka yakSa kA dvibhuja rUpa meM hI aMkana huA hai / 220 osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira (la0 9vIM zatI I0) para sarvAnubhUti kI pAMca mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / inameM dvibhuja yakSa lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake bAyeM hAtha meM dhana kA thailA hai| tIna udAharaNoM meM yakSa ke dAhine hAtha meM pAtra (yA kapAla-pAtra) 4 hai aura zeSa do udAharaNoM meM dAhinA hAtha jAnu para sthita hai| inameM vAhana nahIM hai / bAMsI ( rAjasthAna) se prApta aura vikToriyA hAla saMgrahAlaya, udayapura meM surakSita eka dvibhuja mUrti (8vIM zatI I0) meM gajArUr3ha yakSa ke hAthoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA haiM / " yakSa ke mukuTa meM eka choTI jina mUrti banI hai / ghANerAva ke mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti (10vIM zatI I0) meM sarvAnubhUti caturbhuja hai / mUrti gUr3hamaNDapa ke pUrvI adhiSThAna para utkIrNa hai / lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSa ke karoM meM phala, pAza, aMkuza evaM phala haiN| ghANerAva mandira ke gUDhamaNDapa evaM garbhagRha ke dahalIjoM para bhI caturbhuja sarvAnubhUti kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSa kI eka bhujA meM dhana kA thailA pradarzita hai / inameM vAhana nahIM utkIrNa hai / gUr3hamaNDapa ke dAhine aura bAyeM choroM kI do mUrtiyoM meM yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA (yA phala), parazu (yA padma), padma evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiN| garbhagRha ke dAhine chora kI mUrti ke do hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA aura zeSa do meM abhayamudrA evaM phala haiM / bAyeM chora kI AkRti dhana kA thailA, gadA, pustaka evaM bIjapUraka se yukta hai / sarvAnubhUti ke hAthoM meM gadA evaM pustaka kA pradarzana kumbhAriyA evaM AbU kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai / kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha, mahAvIra evaM neminAtha mandiroM (11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) kI jina mUrtiyoM meM tathA vitAnoM evaM bhittiyoM para caturbhuja sarvAnubhUti kI kaI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM gajArUr3ha yakSa lalitamudrA meM AsIna hai, aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA (yA varada yA phala), aMkuza, pAza evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiN| kaI caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM do UparI hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA hai, tathA nicale hAtha abhaya - ( yA varada - ) mudrA aura phala ( yA jalapAtra ) yukta haiM / " zAntinAtha mandira kI devakulikA 11 kI mUrti (1081 I0) meM gajArUr3ha yakSa dvibhuja hai aura usake donoM se hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA sthita hai / osiyA kI devakulikAoM (11 vIM zatI I0) kI dahalIjoM para gajArUr3ha sarvAnubhUti kI tIna mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / inameM caturbhuja yakSa lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake karoM meM dhana kA thailA, gadA, cakrAkAra padya aura phala 1 AThavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM yakSa ke karoM meM padma aura pyAlA bhI pradarzita haiN| zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, citra 38 e 2 dasavIM - gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM ghANerAva, osiyA evaM kumbhAriyA se prApta huI haiM / 3 ye mUrtiyAM ardhamaNDapa ke uttarI chajje, gUDhamaNDapa kI dahalIja, bhItarI dIvAra evaM pazcimI varaNDa para utkIrNa haiM / 4 eka bhujA meM kapAla- pAtra kA pradarzana digaMbara sthaloM para adhika lokapriya thA / 5 agravAla, Ara0 sI0, 'sama inTaresTiMga skalpacarsa oNva yakSaja aiNDa kubera phrAma rAjasthAna, iM0 hi0kvA0, khaM0 33, aM0 3, pR0 204 - 205 6 zAntinAtha mandira kI devakulikA 9 kI jina mUrti meM pAza ke sthAna para pustaka pradarzita hai / 7 kabhI-kabhI dhana ke thaile ke sthAna para phala pradarzita hai / 8 isa varga kI bahuta thor3I mUrtiyAM milI haiM / kucha mUrtiyAM kumbhAriyA (neminAtha mandira) evaM vimalavasahI - (devakulikA 11 ) se milI haiM / 9 devakulikA 2, 3, 4

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 221 pradarzita haiN|' tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira (12 vIM zatI I0) kI bhittiyoM para caturbhuja sarvAnubhUti kI tIna mUrtiyAM haiN| gajavAhana se yukta yakSa tInoM udAharaNoM meM tribhaMga meM khar3A hai, aura varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala se yukta hai / vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa ke samIpa ke vitAna para SaDbhuja sarvAnubhUti kI eka mUrti (12 vIM zatI I.) hai| tribhaMga meM khar3e yakSa kA vAhana gaja hai aura usake do karoM meM dhana kA thailA tathA zeSa meM varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala pradazita haiN| uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza-(ka) svatantra mRtiyAM-isa kSetra meM sarvAnubhUti (yA kubera) kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha haA jinameM vAhana kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| para sarvAnubhUti ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI do ghaTa utkIrNa haiM. jo nidhi ke sUcaka haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka dvibhuja mUrti mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura) se milI hai, jisameM lalitamudrA meM AsIna yakSa kapAla evaM dhana ke thaile se yukta hai| caraNoM ke samIpa do kalaza bhI utkIrNa haiM / 2 devagar3ha se yakSa kI do mUrtiyAM (10vIM-11vIM zatI I0) milI haiN| eka meM dvibhuja yakSa lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna aura phala evaM dhana ke thaile se yakta hai (citra 49) / dUsarI mUrti (mandira 8.11vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja yakSa tribhaga meM khar3A aura hAthoM meM varadamudrA, gadA, dhana kA thailA aura jalapAtra dhAraNa kiye hai| usake vAma utkIrNa hai| khajurAho se cAra mUrtiyAM (10vI-11vIM zatI I0) milI haiM jinameM caturbhuja yakSa lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai| zAntinAtha mandira evaM mandira 32 kA do mUrtiyoM meM yakSa ke UparI hAthoM meM padma aura nicale meM phala aura dhana kA thailA haiN| zeSa do mUrtiyAM zAntinAtha mandira ke samIpa ke stambha para utkIrNa haiN| eka mUrti meM tIna surakSita hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| dUsarI mUrti ke do karoM meM padma evaM zeSa meM abhayamudrA aura phala pradarzita haiM / caraNoM ke samIpa do ghaTa bhI utkIrNa haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM yakSa hAra, upavIta, dhotI, kuNDala, kirITamukuTa evaM anya bhaSaNoM se sajjita hai| khajarAho ke jaina zilpa meM yakSoM meM sarvAnamati sarvAdhika lokapriya thA / pArzvanAtha ke dharaNendra yakSa ke atirikta anya sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSa ke rUpa meM yA to sarvAnubhUti AmUrtita hai, yA phira yakSa ke eka hAtha meM sarvAnubhUti kA viziSTa Ayudha (dhana kA thailA) pradarzita hai| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-svatantra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM (8vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM bhI sarvAnubhUti nirUpita hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI 5 mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| tIna udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai| yakSa ke karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA varada yA phala) evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti (je 858) meM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM kalaza haiN| devagar3ha kI 19 neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM (10vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA nirUpita haiM / pratyeka udAharaNa meM sarvAnubhUti ke bAyeM hAtha meM dhana kA thailA pradarzita hai| para dAhine hAtha meM phala, daNDa, kapAlapAtra evaM abhayamudrA meM se eka pradarzita hai / mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM ambikA ke samAna hI sarvAnubhUti kI bhI eka bhujA meM bAlaka pradarzita hai| sAta udAharaNoM meM nemi ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| aise udAharaNoM meM yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA (yA varada yA gadA) aura phala pradarzita haiN| cAra mUrtiyoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiM aura unake hAthoM meM varada-(yA abhaya-) mudrA, padma, padma evaM phala 1devakulikA 3 kI mUrti meM yakSa kI dakSiNa bhujAeM bhagna haiM / 2 kRSNa deva, 'mAlAdevI Tempala aiTa gyArasapura', majai0vi0gojuvA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 264 3 ji0i0de0, citra 23, mUrti saM0 13 4 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'khajurAho ke jaina zilpa meM kubera', jai0si0bhA0, khaM0 28, bhAga 2, disambara 1975, pR0 1-4 5 je 792, 793, 936 6 ye mUrtiyAM mandira 11, 20 aura 30 meM haiM /

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222 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna ( yA kalaza) haiM / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha meM pAramparika evaM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa kA nirUpaNa sAtha-sAtha lokapriya thaa| gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira evaM bajarAmaTha tathA khajurAho kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM (10vIM - 12vIM zatI I0) dvibhuja yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai / yakSa ke bAyeM hAtha meM dhana kA thailA' aura dAhine meM abhayamudrA (yA phala ) haiM / vizleSaNa isa sampUrNa adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSoM meM sarvAnubhUti sarvAdhika lokapriya thA / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM sarvAnubhUti kI jina-saMyukta aura AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 meM svatantra : mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA / sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyAM dasavIM aura gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya utkIrNa huIM / yakSa ke hAtha meM dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana chaThI zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA / para gajavAhana kA citraNa sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / smaraNIya hai ki gajavAhana kA aMkana kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM para hI huA hai / digaMbara sthaloM para gaja ke sthAna para nidhiyoM ke sUcaka ghaToM ke utkIrNana kI paramparA thI / digaMbara sthaloM para sarvAnubhUti kA koI eka rUpa niyata nahIM ho sakA / 3 zvetAMbara sthaloM para gajArUr3ha yakSa ke karoM meM dhana ke thaile ke atirikta aMkuza, pAza evaM phala ( yA abhaya-yA - varadamudrA) kA niyamita pradarzana huA hai / digaMbara sthaloM para dhana ke thaile ke atirikta padma, gadA evaM pustaka kA bhI aMkana prApta hotA hai / ghANerAva evaM kumbhAriyA kI kucha zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM bhI sarvAnubhUti ke sAtha padma, gadA aura pustaka pradarzita haiM / (22) ambikA ( yA kuSmANDI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA ambikA (yA kuSmANDI) jina neminAtha kI yakSI hai / donoM paramparAoM meM siMhavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM Alumbi evaM bAlaka ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM siMhavAhanA kuSmANDI caturbhujA hai aura usake dAhine hAthoM meM mAtuliMga evaM pAza aura bAyeM meM putra evaM aMkuza haiM / " samAna lakSaNoM kA ullekha karanevAle anya granthoM meM mAtuliMga ke sthAna para Alumbi' kA ullekha hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM hAtha meM bAlaka ke pradarzana kA ullekha nahIM hai / grantha ke anusAra ambikA 1 khajurAho kI eka mUrti ( mandira 10 ) meM yakSa kI bhujA meM dhana kA thailA nahIM hai / 2 svetAMbara sthaloM para digaMbara sthaloM kI tulanA meM yakSa kI adhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM / 3 digaMbara sthaloM para kevala dhana ke thaile kA pradarzana hI niyamita thA / 4 vistAra ke lie draSTavya, zAha yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA', ja0yU0 bAM0, khaM0 9, bhAga 2, 1940 - 41, pR0 147-69; tivArI, ema0ena0pI0, 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI ambikA kA pratimAnirUpaNa', saMbodhi, khaM0 3, aM0 2-3, disaMbara 1974, pR0 27-44 5 kUSmANDoM devIM kanakavarNA siMhavAhanAM caturbhujAM mAtuliMgapAzayuktadakSiNakarAM putrAMkuzAnvitavAmakarAM ceti // nirvANakalikA 18.22; draSTavya devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.61 / jJAtavya hai ki kucha zvetAMbara granthoM (catuvizatikAauraTTakRta zloka 88, 96) meM dvibhujA ambikA kA bhI dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| 6 ambAdevI kanakakAntiruciH siMhavAhanA caturbhujA AmralumbipAzayuktadakSiNakaradvayA putrAMkuzAsaktavAmakaradvayA ca / pravacanasAroddhAra 22, pR0 94 draSTavya, tri0za0pu0ca0 8.9.385-86 AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177; padmAnanda mahAkAvya : pariziSTa - neminAtha 57-48; rUpamaNDana 6. 19 - grantha meM pAza ke sthAna para nAgapAza kA ullekha hai /

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 223 ke donoM putra (siddha aura buddha) usake kaTi ke samIpa nirUpita hoNge|' ambikA-tATaka meM ullekha hai ki caturbhujA ambikA kA eka putra usakI uMgalI pakar3e hogA aura dUsarA goda meM sthita hogaa| siMhavAhanA ambikA phala, Amralumbi, aMkuza evaM pAza se yukta hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM siMhavAhanA kuSmANDinI (AmrAdevI) ko dvibhujA aura caturbhujA batAyA gayA hai, para AyudhoM kA ullekha nahIM hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM dvibhujA ambikA ke karoM meM Amralumbi (dakSiNa) evaM putra (priyaMkara) ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| dUsare putra (zubhaMkara) ke AmravRkSa kI chAyA meM avasthita yakSI ke samIpa hI nirUpaNa kA ullekha hai| aparAjitapRcchA meM dvibhujA ambikA ke karoM meM phala evaM varadamudrA kA varNana hai| devI ke samIpa hI usake donoM putroM ke pradarzana kA vidhAna hai, jinameM se eka goda meM baiThA hogaa| digaMbara paramparA ke eka tAntrika grantha meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna ambikA kA caturbhuja evaM aSTabhuja rUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| caturbhujA ambikA ke karoM meM zaMkha, cakra, varadamudrA evaM pAza kA tathA aSTabhujA devI ke karoM meM zaMkha, cakra, dhanuSa, parazu, tomara, khaDga, pAza aura kodrava kA ullekha hai| ambikA kA bhayAvaha svarUpa-tAntrika grantha, ambikA-tATaka, meM ambikA ke bhayaMkara rUpa kA smaraNa hai aura use zivA, zaMkarA, stambhinI, mohinI, zoSaNI, bhImanAdA, caNDikA, caNDarUpA, aghorA Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / pralayaMkArI rUpa meM use sampUrNa sRSTi kI saMhAra karanevAlI kahA gayA hai / isa rUpa meM devI ke karoM meM dhanuSa, bANa, daNDa, khar3aga, cakra evaM padma Adi ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| siMhavAhinI devI ke hAtha meM Amra kA bhI ullekha hai / yU0pI0 zAha ne vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 35 ke vitAna kI vizatibhujA devI kI sambhAvita pahacAna ambikA ke bhayAvaha rUpa se kI hai / lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna siMhavAhanA ambikA kI isa mUrti meM surakSita dasa bhujAoM meM khaDga, zakti, sarpa, gadA, kheTaka, parazu, kamaNDalu, padma, abhayamudrA evaM varadamudrA pradarzita haiM / 1 kussmaannddinii..."paashaamrlumbisRnnistphlmaavhntii| putradvayaM karakaTItaTagaM ca neminAthanamAmbujayugaM zivadA namantI // mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.64 draSTavya, stuti caturvizatikA (zomanasUrikRta) 22.4, 24.4 siMhayAnA hemavarNA siddhabuddhasamanvitA / kamrAmralumbibhRtpANiratrAmbA saGghavighnahRt // vividhatIrthakalpa-ujyaMyanta-stava / 2 zAha, yU0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 160 3 devI kuSmANDinI yasya siMhagA haritaprabhA / caturhastajinendrasya mahAbhaktivirAjitaH // dvibhujA siMhamArUDhA AmrAdevI hariprabhA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.64, 66 4 savyekayupagapriyaMkara sutukprItya kara bibhratIM dvivyAghrastabakaM zubhaMkarakAzliSTAnyahastAMgulim / siMhe bhattu care sthitAM haritamAmAbhradrumacchAyagAM vaMdAru dazakArmukocchrayalinaM devImihAbhrA yaje // pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.176; draSTavya,pratiSThAtilakam 7.22,pR0 347 5 haridvaNI siMhasaMsthA dvibhujA ca phalaM varam / putreNopAsyamAnA ca sutotsaMgAtathA'mbikA // aparAjitapacchA 221.36 6 zAha, yU0pI0, pU0ni0, pR0 161......"devIM caturbhujAM zaMkhacakravaradapAzAnyasvarUpeNa siNhaasnsthitaa| 7 vahI, pR0 161-zAha ne aSTabhujA ambikA ke eka citra kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM siMhavAhanA ambira trizUla, cApa, abhayamudrA, zRNi, padma, zara evaM Amralumbi se yukta hai| 8 vahI, pR0 161-62 |

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna zvetAMbara aura digaMbara paramparAoM meM ambikA' kI utpatti kI vistRta kathAeM kramazaH jinaprabhasUrikRta 'ambikA-devI-kalpa' (1400 I0 ) aura yakSI kathA (puNyAzravakathA kA aMza) meM varNita haiM / zvetAMbara paramparA meM ambikA ke putroM ke nAma siddha aura buddha tathA digaMbara paramparA meM zubhaMkara aura prabhaMkara haiM / 2 zvetAMbara kathA ke anusAra ambikA pUrva - janma meM soma nAma ke brAhmaNa kI bhAryA thI jo kisI kalpita aparAdha para soma dvArA niSkAsita kiye jAne para apane donoM putroM ke sAtha ghara se nikala pdd'ii| ambikA aura usake donoM putroM ko bhUkha-pyAsa se vyAkula jAna kara mArga kA eka sUkhA AmravRkSa phaloM se lada gayA aura sUkhA kuMA jala se pUrNa ho gyaa| ambikA ne Amra phala khAkara jala grahaNa kiyA aura usI vRkSa ke nIce vizrAma kiyA / kucha samaya pazcAt soma apanI bhUla para pazcAtApa karatA huA ambikA ko DhUMDhane nikalA | jaba ambikA ne soma ko apanI ora Ate dekhA to anyathA samajha kara mayavaza donoM putroM ke sAtha kueM meM kUda kara AtmahatyA kara lI / agale janma meM yahI ambikA neminAtha kI zAsanadevI huI aura usake pUrvajanma ke donoM putra isa janma meM bhI putroM ke rUpa meM usase sambaddha rahe / soma usakA vAhana (siMha) huA / ambikA kI bhujA meM Amralumbi evaM zIrSabhAga ke Upara AmrazAkhAoM ke pradarzana bhI pUrvajanma kI kathA se sambaddha haiN| devI ke hAtha kA pAza usa rajju kA sUcaka hai jisakI sahAyatA se ambikA ne kueM se jala nikAlA thA / isa prakAra ambikA mUrti kI pramukha lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ko usake pUrvajanma kI kathA se sambaddha mAnA gayA hai / I 224 afront or kuSmANDa para hindU durgA yA ambA kA prabhAva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| para vAstava meM tAntrika grantha " ke atirikta anya granthoM meM varNita ambikA ke pratimA-lakSaNa hindU durgA se aprabhAvita aura bhinna | hindU prabhAva kevala jaina yakSI ke nAmoM evaM siMhavAhana ke pradarzana meM hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA -- dakSiNa bhAratIya granthoM meM siMhavAhanA kuSmANDinI kA dharmadevI nAma se bhI ullekha hai / digaMbara grantha meM caturbhujA yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM khaDga evaM cakra kA tathA nicale hAthoM se goda meM baiThe bAlakoM ko sahArA dene kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM dvibhujA yakSI ke karoM meM phala evaM varadamudrA varNita hai / yakSayakSI-lakSaNa meM caturbhujA dharmadevI kI goda meM usake donoM putra avasthita haiM tathA devI do hAthoM se putroM ko sahArA de rahI hai, tIsare meM Amralumbi liye hai aura usakA cauthA hAtha siMha kI ora mur3A hai / spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA meM ambikA ke sAtha Amralumbi kA pradarzana niyamita nahIM thA / ambikA kI goda meM eka ke sthAna para donoM putroM ke citraNa kI paramparA lokapriya thI / mUrti-paramparA uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSiyoM meM ambikA kI hI sarvAdhika svatantra aura jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM milI haiM / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM ambikA ko zilpa meM abhivyakti milI / navIM zatI I0 taka sabhI kSetroM meM adhikAMza jinoM ke sAtha yakSI ke 1 pUrvajanma meM ambikA ke nAma ambiNI (zvetAMbara) aura agnilA (digaMbara) the / 2 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni, pR0 147-48 1 3 vahI, pR0 148 | digaMbara paramparA meM yahI kathA kucha navIna nAmoM evaM parivartanoM ke sAtha varNita hai / 4 banarjI, je0ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 562 / hindU durgA ko ambikA aura kuSmANDI ( yA kuSmANDA) nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / 5 tAntrika grantha meM jaina ambikA kA zivA, zaMkarA, caNDikA, aghorA Adi nAmoM se sambodhana evaM karoM meM zaMkha aura cakra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hindU ambA yA durgA ke prabhAva kA samarthana karatA hai / hindU durgA kA vAhana kabhI mahiSa aura kabhI siMha batAyA gayA hai aura usake karoM meM abhayamudrA, cakra, kaTaka evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM / draSTavya, rAva, TI0e0 gopInAtha, pu0ni0, pR0 341-42 6 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 209 7 zAha, yU0pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 28-31

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 225 rUpa meM ambikA hI AmUrtita hai / gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara sthaloM para to dasavIM zatI I0 ke bAda bhI sabhI jinoM ke sAtha sAmAnyata: ambikA hI nirUpita hai| kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM RSabha evaM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika yakSI kA nirUpaNa huA hai / svatantra evaM jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM ambikA adhikAMzataH dvibhujA hai| sabhI kSetroM ko mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sAtha siMhavAhana evaM do hAthoM meM Amralumbi (dakSiNa) aura bAlaka (vAma) kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| ambikA adhikAMzataH lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake zIrSamAga meM laghu jina AkRti (nemi) evaM Amraphala ke gucchaka utkIrNa haiM / ambikA ke dUsare putra ko bhI samIpa hI utkIrNa kiyA gayA jisake eka hAtha meM phala (yA Amraphala) hai aura dUsarA mAtA ke hAtha kI Amralumbi ko lene ke lie Upara uThA hotA hai| gujarAta-rAjasthAna-isa kSetra meM chaThI se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI sabhI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA hI nirUpita hai| ambikA kI jina-saMyukta evaM svatantra mUrtiyoM ke prArambhikatama (chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0) udAharaNa isI kSetra meM akoTA (gujarAta) se mile haiM / " akoTA kI eka svatantra mUrti meM siMhavAhanA ambikA dvibhujA aura Amralumbi evaM phala se yukta hai| eka bAlaka usakI bAyIM goda meM baiThA hai aura dUsarA dakSiNa pAzrva meM (nirvastra) khar3A hai| ambikA ke zIrSamAga meM neminAtha ke sthAna para pAzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| tAtparya yaha ki chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 taka ambikA ko nemi se nahIM sambaddha kiyA gayA thaa| Amralumbi evaM bAlaka se yakta siMhavAhanA ambikA kI eka dvibhajAmati osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira (la. 9 vIM zatI I0) ke gUDhamaNDapa ke praveza dvAra para utkIrNa hai| isa kSetra meM ambikA ke sAtha siMhavAhana evaM zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchakoM kA niyamita citraNa navIM zatI I0 ke bAda prArambha huA / dhAMka (kAThiyAvAr3a) kI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 kI dvibhujA mUrti meM donoM vizeSatAeM anupasthita haiN| AThavIM se dasavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI chaha mUrtiyAM akoTA se milI haiN| inameM siMhavAhanA ambikA dvibhujA aura Amraluimba evaM bAlaka se yukta hai| dUsare putra kA niyamita citraNa navIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| jJAtavya hai ki jina-saMyakta mUrtiyoM meM dUsare putra kA citraNa sAmAnyataH nahIM huA hai| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke zikhara kI eka dvibhujI mUrti meM ambikA ke dAhine hAtha meM Amralumbi ke sAtha hI khaDga bhI pradarzita hai tathA bAyAM hAtha putra ke Upara sthita hai| 1 khajurAho, devagar3ha, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, vimalavasahI, kumbhAriyA aura lUNavasahI se ambikA kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM (10vIM-13vIM zatI I0) bhI milI haiN| 2 digaMbara sthaloM para siMhavAhana kA citraNa niyamita nahIM thaa| 3 vimalavasahI, kumbhAriyA (zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM kI devakulikAoM) evaM kucha anya sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI Amralumbi ke sthAna para phala (yA abhaya-yA-varada-mudrA) bhI pradarzita hai| 4 yU0 pI0 zAha ne aisI do mUrtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM bAlaka ke sthAna para ambikA ke hAtha meM phala pradarzita hai| draSTavya, zAha, yU0 pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA', ja0yU0bI0, khaM0 9, 1940-41, pR0 155, citra 9 aura 10 5 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, pR0 28-29, 36-37 6 vahI, pR0 30-31, phalaka 14 7 bappabhaTrisUri kI caturvizatikA (743-838 I0) meM ambikA kA dhyAna nemi aura mahAvIra donoM hI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| 8 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'di aliesTa jaina skalpacarsa ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0sI0, julAI 1938 pR0427-28 9 zAha, yU0 pI0, akoTA bronjeja, citra 48 bI0, 50 sI, 50 e| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI mUrtiyAM (9 vI-12 vI zatI I.) koTA, ghANerAva, nADalAI, osiyA, kumbhAriyA evaM AbU (vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI) se milI haiN| 1. digaMbara sthaloM para dUsarA putra sAmAnyataH dAhine pAvaM meM aura zvetAMbara sthaloM para vAma pAvaM meM utkIrNa hai| osiyA kI jaina devakulikAoM kI do mUrtiyoM meM dUsarA putra nahIM utkIrNa hai / 29

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM ambikA kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa huI / gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM kumbhAriyA, vimalavasahI, jAlora evaM tAraMgA se milI haiN| AyudhoM ke AdhAra para caturbhujA ambikA kI mUrtiyoM ko do vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai / pahale varga meM aisI mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM devI ke tIna hAthoM meM Amralumbi aura cauthe meM putra haiM ( citra 54) / zvetAMbara granthoM ke nirdezoM ke viruddha ambikA ke tIna hAthoM meM Amralumbi kA pradarzana sambhavataH yakSI ke dvibhuja svarUpa se prabhAvita hai / " dUsare varga kI mUrtiyoM meM ambikA Amralumbi, pAza, cakra (yA varadamudrA ) evaM putra se yukta hai / kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira kI devakulikA 11 (1081 I0) evaM 12 kI do jina mUrtiyoM meM siMhavAhanA ambikA caturbhujA hai aura usake tIna karoM meM Amralumbi evaM cauthe meM bAlaka haiM / 2 kummAriyA ke neminAtha mandira (devakulikA 5 ) evaM vimalavasahI ke gUDhamaNDapa kI rathikAoM kI jina mUrtiyoM (12 vIM zatI I0) meM bhI samAna lakSaNoMvAlI caturbhujA ambikA nirUpita hai / aisI hI caturbhujA ambikA kI eka svatantra mUrti vimalatrasahI ke raMgamaNDapa ke dakSiNIpazcimI vitAna para hai jisameM zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka aura pArzva meM dUsarA putra bhI utkIrNa hai ( citra 54 ) / 226 caturbhujA ambikA kI dUsare varga kI tIna mUrtiyAM (12 vIM zatI I0) kramazaH tAraMgA, jAlora evaM vimalavasahI se milI haiM / tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira kI mUrti mUlaprAsAda kI uttarI bhitti para utkIrNa hai / tribhaMga meM khar3I ambikA ke vAma pArzva meM siMha tathA karoM meM varadamudrA, Amralumbi, pAza evaM putra pradarzita haiM / jAlora kI mUrti mahAvIra mandira ke uttarI adhiSThAna para hai / siMhavAhanA ambikA Amralumbi, cakra, cakra evaM putra se yukta hai / 3 vimalavasahI ke gUDhamaNDapa ke dakSiNI praveza dvAra para utkIrNa tIsarI mUrti meM siMhavAhanA ambikA ke hAthoM meM Amralumbi, pAza, cakra evaM putra haiM / uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza - isa kSetra meM la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM ambikA kI jina-saMyukta aura navIM zatI I0 meM svatantra mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana Arambha huA / sampUrNa mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ambikA ke sAtha putra kA aMkana sarvaprathama isI kSetra meM prArambha huA / putra kA aMkana sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM aura Amralumbi evaM siMhavAhana kA navIM dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA (citra 26 ) | (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM - ambikA kI prArambhikatama svatantra mUrti devagar3ha ( mandira 12, 862 I0) ke yakSI samUha meM hai / ariSTanemi ke sAtha 'ambAyikA' nAma ko caturbhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai jo hAthoM meM puSpa ( yA phala), cAmara, padma evaM putra liye hai| vAhana anupasthita hai / ambikA ke caturbhujA hone ke bAda bhI putra ke atirikta isa mUrti meM anya koI pAramparika vizeSatA nahIM pradarzita hai / para devagar3ha ke mandira 12 ke garbhagRha kI navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kI dvibhuja ambikA mUrtiyoM meM sivAhana evaM karoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra pradarzita haiM (citra 51) / kisI ajJAta sthala se prApta la0 navIM zatI I0 kI eka dvibhuja mUrti purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (DI 7) meM surakSita hai (citra 50 ) / isa mUrti kI durlabha vizeSatA, parikara meM gaNeza, kubera, balarAma, kRSNa evaM aSTamAtRkAoM kA utkIrNana hai / ambikA padmAsana para lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usakA siMhavAhana Asana ke nIce aMkita hai / yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM abhayamudrA aura bAyeM meM putra hai / dAhine pArzva meM ambikA kA dUsarA putra bhI upasthita hai| pIThikA para eka paMkti AkRtiyAM (aSTa mAtRkAeM ) " banI haiN| lalitamudrA meM AsIna ina AkRtiyoM meM se adhikAMza namaskAra mudrA meM haiM 1 zvetAMbara granthoM meM caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM Amralumbi, pAza, aMkuza evaM putra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / 2 jJAtavya hai ki isa kSetra kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM siMhavAhanA ambikA sAmAnyataH dvibhujA aura Amralumbi evaM putra se yukta hai / 3 ambikA ke sAtha cakra kA pradarzana tAntrika grantha se nirdezita hai / 4 ji0i0 de0, pR0 102 5 jaina granthoM meM aSTa mAtRkAoM ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / aSTa mAtRkAoM kI sUcI meM brahmANI, mAhezvarI, kaumArI, vaiSNavI, vArAhI, indrANI, cAmuNDA aura tripurA ke nAma haiM / draSTavya, zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0I0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, pR0 286

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327 yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna aura kucha ke hAthoM meM phala evaM anya sAmagriyAM haiN| ambikA ke zIrSa bhAga kI jina AkRti ke pAvoM meM trimaMga meM khar3I balarAma evaM kRSNa kI caturbhuja mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| smaraNIya hai ki balarAma aura kRSNa neminAtha ke cacere bhAI haiM aura ambikA neminAtha kI yakSI hai| yaha mUrti isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki la0 navIM zatI I0 meM ambikA neminAtha se sambaddha huI / tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta balarAma ke tIna hAthoM meM pAtra (2), musala aura hala (patAkA sahita) haiM tathA cauthA hAtha jAnu para sthita hai| kRSNa ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, cakra evaM zaMkha haiN| bhAmaNDala se yukta ambikA ke zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara AmUrtita haiN| devI ke dAhine pArzva meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna gajamukha gaNeza kI dvibhuja mati utkIrNa hai jisake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA evaM modakapAtra haiM / vAma pArzva meM lalitamudrA meM AsIna dvibhuja kubera kI mUrti hai jisake hAthoM meM phala evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| dasavIM zatI I0 ko do dvibhuja mUrtiyAM mAlAdevI mandira (gyArasapura, ma0pra0) ke uttarI aura dakSiNI zikhara para haiN| zorSamAga meM Amraphala ke gucchakoM se zobhita siMhavAhanA ambikA Amralumbi evaM putra se ra ke pAzvanAtha mandira (10vIM zatI I0) ke dakSiNI maNDovara para bhI ambikA kI eka dvibhujA mUti hai| trimaMga meM khaDI ambikA Analambi evaM bAlaka se yukta hai| yahAM siMhavAhana nahIM utkIrNa hai / zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka aura dAhine pArzva meM dUsarA putra utkIrNa hai / isa mUrti ke atirikta khajurAho kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI anya sabhI mUrtiyoM meM ambikA caturbhujA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho meM ambikA jahAM eka hI udAharaNa meM dvibhujA hai, vahIM devagaDha kI 50 se adhika mUrtiyoM (9vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM vaha dvibhujA aMkita hai / devagar3ha se caturbhajA ambikA kI kevala tIna hI mUrtiyAM milI haiN|2 tAtparya yaha ki khajurAho meM ambikA kA caturbhaja aura devagar3ha meM dvibhuja rUpoM meM nirUpaNa lokapriya thA / smaraNIya hai ki digaMbara paramparA meM ambikA ko dvibhuja batAyA gayA hai| devagar3ha se prApta 50 se adhika svatantra mUrtiyoM (9vIM-12vIM zatI I0)4 meM se tIna udAharaNoM ke atirikta anya sabhI meM ambikA dvibhujA hai (citra 51) / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM devI sthAnaka-mudrA meM aura kucha meM lalitamudrA meM nirUpita hai| zIrSa bhAga meM laghu jina AkRti evaM AmravRkSa utkIrNa haiN| ambikA ke karoM meM AmralumbievaM putra pradarzita haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM putra goda meM na hokara vAma pArzva meM khar3A hai| siMhavAhana sabhI udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa hai| digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa dUsare putra ko dAhine pAzva meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| parikara meM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM evaM kabhIkabhI cAmaradhara sevakoM ko bhI utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha kI eka mUrti (12vIM zatI I0) meM ambikA ke vAhana kA sira siMha kA aura zarIra mAnava kA hai| isI saMgrahAlaya kI eka anya mUrti (11vIM zatI I.) meM yabhI ke vAma skandha ke Upara pAMca sarpaphaNoM se maNDita supAvaM kI khar3agAsana mUrti banI hai| saMgrahAlaya kI eka anya mati meM parikara meM abhayamudrA, padma, cAmara evaM kalaza se yukta do caturbhuja deviyoM, pAMca jinoM evaM cAmaradharoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / vAma pArzva meM dUsarA putra hai| mandira 12 ko uttarI cahAradIvArI kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM ambikA ke dAhine hAtha meM Amralumbi nahIM hai varan vaha putra ke mastaka para sthita hai / uparyukta mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha meM dvibhujA ambikA ke nirUpaNa meM digaMbara paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai| 1 pArzvanAtha mandira ke zikhara (dakSiNa) para bhI caturbhujA ambikA kI eka mUrti hai / 2 isameM mandira 12 kI caturbhuja mUrti bhI sammilita hai| 3 kevala tAntrika grantha meM ambikA caturbhajA hai| 4 sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM gyArahavIM zatI I0 ko haiN| 5 sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha kI eka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI kI dAhinI bhujA meM Amralumbi ke sthAna para chatra-padma pradarzita hai / mandira 12 kI uttarI cahAradIvArI kI mUrti meM bhI Amralumbi nahIM pradarzita hai| 6 mAnastambhoM kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM ambikA kA dUsarA putra nahIM utkIrNa hai|

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228 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna . devagar3ha kama devagar3ha ke mandira 11 ke sAmane ke mAnastambha (1059 I0) para caturbhujA ambikA kI eka mUrti hai / siMhavAhanA ambikA ke karoM meM Amralumbi, aMkuza, pAza evaM putra haiM / ' samAna vivaraNoM vAlI dUsarI caturbhuja mUrti mandira 16 ke stambha (12vIM zatI I0) para utkIrNa hai jisameM vAhana nahIM hai aura Urdhva dakSiNa hAtha kA Ayudha bhI aspaSTa hai| jJAtavya hai ki ambikA kA caturbhuja svarUpa meM nirUpaNa digaMbara paramparA ke viruddha hai| upayukta mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke karoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra ke sAtha hI pAza aura aMkuza kA pradarzana spaSTataH zvetAMbara paramparA se prabhAvita hai| devagar3ha ke atirikta khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI do anya digaMbara paramparA kI caturbhuja mUrtiyoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM bhI yaha zvetAMbara prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| khajurAho ke mandira 27 kI eka sthAnaka mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM siMhavAhanA ambikA ke zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka evaM jina AkRti utkIrNa haiN| ambikA ke karoM meM Amralambi, aMkuza, pAza, evaM putra dRSTigata hote haiM / cAmaradhara sevakoM evaM upAsakoM se veSTita ambikA ke dAhine pArzva meM dUsarA putra bhI AmUrtita hai / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (66.225) kI eka mUrti meM siMhavAhanA ambikA ke eka hAtha meM aMkuza ke sthAna para trizalayukta-ghaNTA hai| lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSI ke samIpa hI usakA dUsarA putra (nirvastra) bhI khar3A hai| isa mUrti meM bhayAnaka darzana vAlI ambikA ke netra bAhara kI ora nikale haiN| bhayAvaha rUpa meM yaha nirUpaNa sambhavataH tAntrika paramparA se prabhAvita hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (jI 312) kI lalitamudrA meM AsIna eka anya caturbhuja mUrti (11vIM zatI I0) meM ambikA ke nicale hAthoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra aura UparI hAthoM meM padma-pustaka evaM darpaNa haiN| siMhavAhanA ambikA ke vAma pAzvaM meM dUsarA putra evaM zIrSabhAga meM jina AkRti evaM Abhraphala ke gucchaka utkIrNa haiN| jaina paramparA ke viparIta ambikA ke sAtha padma aura darpaNa kA citraNa hinda ambikA (pArvatI) kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai | hindU ambikA (pArvatI) kA prabhAva ho sakatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki padma kA citraNa khajurAho kI caturbhuja ambikA kI mUrtiyoM meM vizeSa lokapriya thaa| devagar3ha ke samAna khajurAho meM bhI jaina yakSiyoM meM ambikA kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiN| khajurAho meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI ambikA kI 11 mUrtiyAM haiN| pAzvanAtha mandira ke eka udAharaNa ke atirikta anya sabhI meM ambikA caturbhujA hai| 11 svatantra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta 7 uttaraMgoM para bhI caturbhujA ambikA kI lalitamudrA meM AsIna mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 11 svatantra mUrtiyoM meM se do pArzvanAtha aura do AdinAtha mandiroM para banI haiN| anya udAharaNa sthAnIya saMgrahAlayoM evaM mandiroM meM surakSita haiM / sAta udAharaNoM meM ambikA tribhaMga meM khar3I aura zeSa meM lalitamudrA meM AsIna haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM zIrSa bhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka, laghu jina mUrti evaM siMhavAhana utkIrNa haiN| ambikA ke nicale do hAthoM meM Amralumbi evaM bAlaka aura UparI hAthoM meM padma (yA padma meM lipaTI pustikA) pradarzita haiM (citra 57) / kevala mandira 27 kI eka mUrti meM Urdhva karoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza haiN| isa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki mukhya AyudhoM (Amralumbi evaM putra) ke sandarbha meM khajurAho ke kalAkAroM ne paramparA kA pAlana kiyA, para UvaM karoM meM paMca yA padma-pustikA kA pradarzana khajurAho kI ambikA mUrtiyoM kI sthAnIya vizeSatA hai| gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI cAra 1 putra ke bAyeM hAtha meM Amraphala hai| 2 khajurAho kI anya caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM do Urva karoM meM aMkuza evaM pAza ke sthAna para padma (yA padma meM lipaTI pustikA) pradarzita haiN| 3 uttara bhArata meM ambikA kI sarvAdhika caturbhuja mUrtiyAM khajurAho se milI haiM / 4 do udAharaNoM (purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho 1608 evaM mandira 27) meM putra goda meM baiThA na hokara vAma pArzva meM khar3A hai| 5 sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 42) kI eka mUrti meM ambikA kI eka UparI bhujA meM padma ke sthAna para Amralumbi hai aura jaina dharmazAlA ke praveza-dvAra ke samIpa ke do uttaraMgoM (11vIM zatI I0) kI mUrtiyoM meM pustaka pradarzita hai /

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pakSa-pakSI-pratimAvijJAna 1 229 mUrtiyoM meM dAhine pAkhaM meM dUsarA putra bhI utkIrNa hai / svatantra mUrtiyoM meM ambikA sAmAnyataH do pAzrvavartI sevikAoM se sevita hai jinakI eka bhujA meM cAmara yA padma pradarzita hai| sAtha hI abhayamudrA evaM jalapAtra se yukta do puruSa yA strI AkRtiyAM aMkita haiM / parikara meM sAmAnyataH upAsakoM, gandharvo evaM uDDIyamAna mAlAdharoM kI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1608 ) kI eka viziSTa ambikA mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM jina mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI pIThikA choroM para dvibhuja yakSa aura yakSI bhI AmUrtita haiM / yakSa abhayamudrA evaM dhana ke thaile aura yakSI abhayamudrA evaM jalapAtra se yukta haiN| zIrSabhAga meM padma dhAraNa karane vAlI kucha deviyAM bhI banI haiM / dvibhujA ambikA kI tIna mUrtiyAM (10 vIM 11 vIM zatI I0) rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiM / " zIrSabhAga meM AmravRkSa evaM jina AkRti se yukta ambikA sabhI udAharaNoM meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai| vAhana keva udAharaNoM meM utkIrNa hai / inameM yakSI ke karoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra pradarzita haiM / (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM ambikA sarvadA dvibhujA hai / dasavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sAtha Amralumbi evaM siMhavAhana kA pradarzana nahIM prApta hotA hai / para ambikA ke sAtha putra kA pradarzana sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA thA / 3 dasavIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI mUrtiyoM meM Amralumbi ke sthAna para puSpa ( yA abhayamudrA ) pradarzita hai ( citra 26) / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, gyArasapura, devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM dvibhujI ambikA Amralumbi evaM putra se yukta hai| jina saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sAtha siMhavAhana evaM dUsarA putra sAmAnyataH nahIM nirUpita haiM / zIrSa bhAga meM A phala ke gucchaka bhI kabhI-kabhI hI utkIrNa kiye gaye haiM / devagar3ha ke mandira 13 aura 24 kI do jina saMyukta mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM Amralumbi ke sthAna para ambikA ke hAtha meM Amraphala ( yA phala) pradarzita hai| kucha udAharaNoM ( mandira 12, 13) meM dUsarA putra mI utkIrNa hai / mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI evaM mandira 15 kI mUrtiyoM meM siMhavAhana bhI banA hai| tIna udAharaNoM ( 10 vIM - 11 vIM zatI I0) meM nemi ke sAtha sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI bhI utkIrNa hai / yakSI abhayamudrA (yA varadamudrA yA puSpa ) evaM phala (yA kalazaM) se yukta hai / cAra mUrtiyoM (11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM varada( yA abhaya - ) mudrA, padma, padma evaM phala ( yA kalaza) pradarzita haiM / bihAra- ur3IsA - baMgAla -- isa kSetra kI svatantra mUrtiyoM meM ambikA sadaiva dvibhujA hai aura Amralumbi evaM putra se yukta hai / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka pAlayugIna mUrti rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI (63.940) meM saMgRhIta hai / dvibhaMga meM padmAsana para khar3I ambikA kA siMhavAhana Asana ke nIce utkIrNa hai / yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM Amralumbi hai aura bAyeM se vaha samIpa hI khar3e (nirvastra ) putra kI uMgalI pakar3e hai| poTTAsigIdI (kyoMjhara, ur3IsA) kI mUrti meM siMhavAhanA ambikA lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usakI avaziSTa vAmabhujA meM putra hai / " aluArA se prApta eka mUrti paTanA saMgrahAlaya (10694 ) meM hai jisameM dAhine pArzva meM eka putra khar3A hai / ' pakbIrA ( mAnabhUma ) kI mUrti meM avaziSTa bAyeM hAtha meM putra hai / " ambikAnagara (bAMkur3A) evaM barakolA se bhI siMhavAhanA ambikA kI do mUrtiyAM milI haiM / 1 kramAMka je 853, je 79, 8.0.334 5 je 853, 8.0.334 3 bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI 212 4 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 792) evaM devagar3ha kI kucha neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke sthAna para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai / 5 jozI, arjuna, 'phardara lAiTa oNna di rimensa aiTa poTTAsiMgIdI', u0hi0ri0ja0 khaM0 10, aM0 4, pR0 31-32 6 prasAda, eca0ke0 'jaina bronjez2a ina di paTanA myUjiyama', ma0jai0vi0go0 ju0vA0, bambaI, 1968, pR0 289 7 mitra, kAlIpada, 'noTsa oNna TU jaina imemeja', ja0bi0 u0ri0so0, khaM0 28, bhAga 2, pR0 203 8 mitrA, debalA, 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phrAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0so0baM0, khaM024, aM02, pR0131-33

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230 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna sihavAnA ambikA kI do mUrtiyAM navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM (11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) meM utkIrNa haiM / navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM yakSI ke karoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra haiM / ' jaTAmukuTa evaM Amraphala ke gucchakoM se zobhita ambikA ke samIpa hI dUsarA putra ( nirvastra ) bhI AmUrtita hai / bArabhujI guphA ke udAharaNa meM yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM phala aura bAyeM meM AmravRkSa kI TahanI haiN| zIrSabhAga meM AmravRkSa aura bAyeM pArzva meM putra utkIrNa haiM / dakSiNa bhArata - dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI ambikA kA dvibhuja svarUpa meM nirUpaNa hI vizeSa lokapriya thA / mUrtiyoM meM ambikA sAmAnyataH putroM evaM siMhavAhana se yukta hai / donoM putroM ko sAmAnyataH vAma pArzva meM AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| ambikA hAtha meM lumbA pradarzana niyamita nahIM thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchakoM ke sthAna para AmravRkSa ke utkIrNana kI paramparA lokapriya thI / ambikA dakSiNa bhArata kI tIna sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSiyoM (ambikA, padmAvatI, jvAlAmAlinI) meM thI / ambikA kI prAcInatama mUrti ayahola (karnATaka) ke meguTI mandira (634-35 I0) se milI hai / sAmAnya pIThikA para lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna dvibhujA yakSI ke donoM hAtha khaNDita haiM, para zIrSabhAga meM AmravRkSa evaM pairoM ke nIce siMhavAhana surakSita haiN| vAma pArzva meM ambikA kA putra utkIrNa hai jisake eka hAtha meM phala hai / ambikA ke pAvoM meM pAMca sevikAeM banI haiN| dAhine pArzva kI eka sevikA kI goda meM eka bAlaka (nirvastra ) hai jo sambhavataH ambikA kA dUsarA putra hai / AnandamaMgalaka guphA (kAMcI) meM siMhavAhanA ambikA kI kaI sthAnaka mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM ambikA kA bAyAM hAtha putra ke mastaka para sthita hai / trAvanakora rAjya ke kisI sthala se prApta eka mUrti (9 vIM - 10 vIM zatI I0 ) meM havAnA ambikA kA dAhinA hAtha varadamudrA meM hai aura bAyAM nIce laTaka rahA hai / " vAma pArzva meM donoM putra bane haiM / kalugumalAI (tamilanADu) kI eka mUrti (10 vIM - 11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM siMhavAhanA ambikA kA dAhinA hAtha eka bAlikA ke mastaka para hai aura bAyAM phala ( yA Amralumbi) liye hai / vAma pArzva meM do bAlaka AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / " elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM ambikA kI kaI mUrtiyAM (10 vIM - 11 vIM zatI I0 ) haiM / inameM AmravRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna ambikA ke karoM meM Amralumbi aura putra ( goda meM ) pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA dUsarA putra sAmAnyataH siMhavAhana ke samIpa AmUrti hai ( citra 52 ) / aMgadi ke jaina bastI (karnATaka) kI mUrti meM yakSI ke dAhine hAtha meM Amralumbi hai aura bAyAM putra ke mastaka para sthita hai / dakSiNa pArzva meM siMhavAhana aura dUsarA putra AmUrtita haiN| murtajApura (akolA, mahArASTra) kI eka dvibhuja mUrti nAgapura saMgrahAlaya meM hai / isameM siMhavAhanA ambikA Amralumbi evaM phala se yukta hai / pratyeka pArzva meM usakA eka putra khar3A hai / samAna vivaraNoM vAlI eka mUrti zravaNabelagolA ke cAmuNDarAya bastI se milI hai / dakSiNa bhArata se ambikA kI kucha caturbhuja mUrtiyAM bhI milI haiN| jinakAMcI ke bhitti citroM meM ambikA caturbhujA hai / " padmAsana meM virAjamAna yakSI ke Uparo hAthoM meM aMkuza aura pAza tathA zeSa meM abhaya - aura varadamudrAeM 1 mitrA, debalA, 'zAsanadevIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0so0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, pR0 129 2 vahI, pR0 132 3 kajinsa eca0, di cAlukyana ArkiTekcara, ArkialAjikala sarve Ava iNDiyA, khaM0 42, nyU impIriyala sirIja, pR0 31, phalaka 4 4 desAI, pI0bI0, 'yakSI imejeja ina sAUtha iNDiyana jainijama', DA0 mirAzI phelisiTezana vAlyUma, nAgapura, 1965, pR0 345 5 desAI, pI0bI0, jainijama ina sAUtha iNDiyA aiNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, zolApura, 1963, pR0 69 6 putra ke sthAna para putrI kA citraNa apAramparika hai / 7 desAI, pI0bI0 pU0ni0, pR0 64 8 zAha, yU0pI0, 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA', ja0yU0bAM0, khaM0 9, bhAga 2, pR0 154-56 9 vahI, pR0 158

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yakSa -pakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 231 pradarzita haiM / barjesa ne kannar3a paramparA para AdhArita caturbhujA kuSmANDinI kA eka citra bhI prakAzita kiyA hai jisameM siMhavAhanA yakSI ke donoM putra goda meM sthita haiM aura usake do UparI hAthoM meM khaDga aura cakra pradarzita haiM / ' vizleSaNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata meM dakSiNa bhArata kI apekSA ambikA kI adhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huI / jaina devakula kI prAcInatama yakSI hone ke kAraNa hI zilpa meM sabase pahale ambikA ko mUrta abhivyakti milI / la0 chaThIsAtavIM zatI I0 meM ambikA kI svatantra evaM jina saMyukta mUrtiyoM kA nirUpaNa prArambha huaa| sabhI kSetroM meM ambikA kA dvibhuja rUpa hI vizeSa lokapriya thA / jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM to ambikA sadaiva dvibhujA hI hai / 3 usake sAtha siMhavAhana evaM Alumbi aura putra kA citraNa sabhI kSetroM meM lokapriya thA / zIrSabhAga meM Amraphala ke gucchaka aura pArzva meM dUsare putra kA aMkana bhI niyamita thA / zvetAMbara sthaloM para uparyukta lakSaNoM kA pradarzana digaMbara sthaloM kI apekSA kucha pahale hI prArambha ho gayA thA / zvetAMbara sthaloM (akoTA) para ina vizeSatAoM kA pradarzana chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM aura digaMbara sthaloM para navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / digaMbara sthaloM kI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM siMhavAhana evaM dUsare putra kA pradarzana durlabha hai / yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki zvetAMbara sthaloM para nemi ke sAtha sadaiva ambikA hI nirUpita hai, para digaMbara sthaloM para kabhIkabhI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI apAramparika yakSI bhI AmUrtita hai / ullekhanIya hai ki digaMbara granthoM meM dvibhujA ambikA kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai / " para digaMbara sthaloM para ambikA kI dvibhuja aura caturbhuja donoM hI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM / digaMbara paramparA kI sarvAdhika caturbhujI mUrtiyAM khajurAho se milI haiM / dUsarI ora zvetAMbara paramparA meM ambikA kA caturbhuja rUpa meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai, para zvetAMbara sthaloM para usakI dvibhuja mUrtiyAM hI adhika saMkhyA meM utkIrNa huIM / kevala kumbhAriyA, vimalavasahI, jAlora evaM tAraMgA se hI kucha caturbhujI mUrtiyAM milI haiN| zvetAMbara sthaloM para paramparA ke anurUpa caturbhujA ambikA ke UparI hAthoM meM pArA evaM aMkuza nahIM milate haiN| para digaMbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM UparI hAthoM meM pAza evaM aMkuza ( yA trizUlayukta ghaMTA) pradarzita hue haiM / zvetAMbara sthaloM para ambikA kI sthAnaka mUrtiyAM durlabha haiM, para digaMbara sthaloM se AsIna aura sthAnaka donoM hI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / zvetAMbara sthaloM para jahAM ambikA ke nirUpaNa meM ekarUpatA prApta hotI hai, vahIM digaMbara sthaloM para vividhatA dekhI jA sakatI hai / digaMbara sthaloM para caturbhujA ambikA ke do hAthoM meM Amralumbi evaM putra aura zeSa do hAthoM meM padma, padma-pustaka, pustaka, aMkuza, pArA, darpaNa evaM trizUla-ghaNTA meM se koI do Ayudha pradarzita haiM / khajurAho kI eka ambikA mUrti (purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, 1608 ) meM devI ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugala kA utkIrNana ambikA mUrti ke vikAsa kI parAkASThA kA sUcaka hai / 1 barjesa, je0, 'digaMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 32, pR0 463, phalaka 4, citra 22 2 prArambhikatama mUrtiyAM akoTA (gujarAta) se milI haiM / 3 kuMbhAriyA evaM vimalavasahI kI kucha neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM ambikA caturbhujA bhI hai / 4 devagar3ha, khajurAho, gyArasapura (mAlAdevI mandira) evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 5 kevala digaMbara paramparA ke tAMtrika grantha meM hI caturbhujA evaM aSTabhujA ambikA kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| 6 vimalavasahI evaM tAraMgA kI do mUrtiyoM meM caturbhujA ambikA ke sAtha pAza pradarzita hai / 7 khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 8 eka sthAnaka mUrti tAraMgA ke ajitanAtha mandira para hai / 9 tAraMgA, jAlora evaM vimalavasahI kI tIna caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM ambikA ke nirUpaNa meM rUpagata bhinnatA prApta hotI hai / anya udAharaNoM meM ambikA ke tIna hAthoM meM Amralumbi aura cauthe meM putra haiM /

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232 (23) pArzva ( yA dharaNa ) yakSa zAstrIya paramparA pAva ( yA dharaNa) jina pArzvanAtha kA yakSa hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM yakSa ko pArzva' aura digaMbara paramparA meM dharaNa kahA gayA hai / donoM paramparAoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana kUrma hai / zvetAMbara paramparA meM pArzva ko gajamukha batAyA gayA hai / zvetAMbara paramparA - nirvANakalikA meM gajamukha pArzva yakSa kA vAhana kUrma hai / sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pArzva ke dakSiNa karoM meM mAtuliMga evaM uraga aura vAma meM nakula evaM uraga varNita haiM / anya granthoM meM bhI sAmAnyataH inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / kevala do granthoM meM dAhine hAtha meM uraga ke sthAna para gadA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / 4 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgrahameM kUrma para ArUr3ha dharaNa ke AyudhoM kA anullekha hai / " pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM sarpaphaNoM se zobhita dharaNa ke do UparI hAthoM meM sarpa aura nicale hAthoM meM nAgapAza evaM varadamudrA ullikhita haiM / " aparAjitapRcchA meM sarparUpa pArzva yakSa ko SaDbhuja batAyA gayA hai aura usake karoM meM dhanuSa, bANa, bhRNDi, mudgara, phala evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / 7 yakSa kA nAma (dharaNendra yA dharaNIdhara) sambhavataH zeSanAga (nAgarAja ) se prabhAvita hai / zIrSabhAga meM sarpachatra evaM hAtha meM sarpa kA pradarzana bhI yahI sambhAvanA vyakta karatA hai / yakSa ke hAtha meM vAsuki ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai jo hindU paramparA ke anusAra sarparAja aura kAzyapa kA putra hai / yakSa ke sAtha kUrmavAhana kA pradarzana sambhavataH kamaTha ( kama ) para usake prabhutva kA sUcaka haiM, jo usake svAmI (pArzvanAtha) kA zatru thA / " dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM se AcchAdita caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana kUrmaM kahA gayA hai / yakSa ke UparI hAthoM meM sarpa aura nicale meM abhaya evaM kaTaka mudrAoM kA ullekha hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM 1 pravacanasAroddhAra meM vAmana nAma se ullekha hai / 2 pArzvayakSaM gajamukhamuragaphaNAmaNDitazirasaM zyAmavarNaM kUrmavAhanaM caturbhujaM bIjapUrakoragayutadakSiNapANi nakulakAhiyutavAmapANi ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.23 3 tri0za0pu0ca0 9.3.362-63; mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.47; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.62; pArzvanAthacaritra (bhAvadeva - sUripraNIta) 7.827 - 28; rUpamaNDana 6.20 4 mAtuliMgagadAyuktau bibhrANo dakSiNau karau / vAmI nakulasarpAko kUpakaH kunjarAnanaH // mUrdhni phaNiphaNacchatro yakSaH pArzvo'sitadyutiH / padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa- pArzvanAtha 92-93 draSTavya, AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175 5 pArzvasya dharaNo yakSaH zyAmAMgaH kUrmavAhanaH / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.67 6 UrdhvadvihastadhRtavAsukirudbhaTAdhaH savyAnyapANiphaNipAzavarapraNatA / zrI nAgarAjakakudaM dharaNobhranIlaH kUrmazrito bhajatu vAsukimaulirijyAm || pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.151 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.23, pR0 338 7 pArzvo dhanurbANa bhRNDi mudgarazca phalaM varaH / sarparUpaH zyAmavarNa: kartavyaH zAntimicchatA / aparAjitapRcchA 221.55 8 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 118

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yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] 233 kUrma para ArUr3ha caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM kalaza, pAza, aMkuza evaM mAtuliMga varNita haiM / yakSa-yakSI lakSaNa meM kalaza ke sthAna para padma (? utphulladhara ) evaM zIrSabhAga meM eka sarpaphaNa ke chatra ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai / 1 mUrti-paramparA pArzva yA dharaNa yakSa ke nirUpaNa meM kevala sarpaphaNoM evaM kabhI-kabhI hAtha meM sarpa ke pradarzana meM hI granthoM ke nirdezoM kA pAlana huA hai / la0 navIM zatI I0 meM yakSa kI mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA / (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM - pArzva yakSa kI svatantra mUrtiyAM (9 vIM - 13 vIM zatI I0) kevala osiyA (mahAvIra mandira), gyArasapura ( mAlAdevI mandira) evaM lUNavasahI se milI haiM / lUNavasahI kI mUrti meM yakSa caturbhuja hai aura anya udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja hai / osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira (zvetAMbara, la0 9 vIM zatI I0) se pArzva kI do mUrtiyAM milI haiM / eka mUrti gUDhamaNDapa kI pUrvI bhitti para hai jisameM sAta sarpaMphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSa sthAnaka - mudrA meM hai aura usake surakSita bAyeM hAtha meM puSpa hai / dUsarI mUrti ardhamaNDapa ke stambha para utkIrNa hai / isameM trisarpaphaNoM se zobhita evaM lalitamudrA meM AsIna yakSa ke dAhine hAtha kA Ayudha aspaSTa hai, para bAyeM meM sambhavataH sarpa hai / gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira (digaMbara, 10 vIM zatI I0) kI mUrti meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dharaNa padmAsana para tribhaMga meM khar3A hai| dAhinA hAtha abhayamudrA meM hai aura bAyeM meM kamaNDalu hai / lUNavasahI ( svetAMbara, 13 vIM zatI I0 kA gUDhamaNDapa ke dakSiNI praveza dvAra para hai jisameM tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadAkSa, sarpa evaM sarpa pradarzita haiM / pUrvArdha) kI mUrti (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM -- pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana la0 dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / jJAtavya hai ki digaMbara sthaloM para pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana yA pIThikA ke choroM para yakSa-yakSI kA citraNa niyamita nahIM thA / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI sAtavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 kI zvetAMbara paramparA kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM / akoTA, osiyA (1019 I0) evaM kumbhAriyA (pArzvanAtha mandira, 12 vIM zatI I0) kI kucha pAravanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ke siroM para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra bhI pradarzita haiM jo pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4 (1188 I0) kI akelI mUrti meM pArzvanAtha ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa nirUpita hai / kUrma para ArUr3ha evaM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta caturbhuja pAzrva gajamukha hai aura karoM meM modakapAtra, sarpa, sarpa evaM dhana kA thailA " liye hai / eka hAtha meM modakapAtra kA pradarzana aura yakSa kA gajamukha honA gaNeza kA prabhAva I uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza ke vibhinna kSetroM kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSa-yakSI aMkita haiM / devagar3ha kI tIsa mUrtiyoM meM se kevala sAta hI meM (10 vIM 11 vIM zatI I0) yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiN| chaha udAharaNoM meM dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 210 2 zIrSabhAga ke sarpaphaNoM kI saMkhyA ( 1, 3, 5, 7) kabhI sthira nahIM ho sakI / 3 yaha mUrti maNDapa ke uttarI jaMghA para hai / 4 digaMbara sthaloM kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke sthAna para mUlanAyaka ke pAvoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta do strI-puruSa AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM, jo dharaNa aura padmAvatI haiM / yaha usa samaya kA aMkana hai jaba kamaTha ke upasarga se pArzvanAtha kI rakSA ke lie dharaNendra padmAvatI ke sAtha devaloka se pArzvanAtha ke nikaTa AyA thA / aisI mUrtiyoM meM dharaNa sAmAnyataH cAmara ( yA ghaTa) aura padma ( yA phala) se yukta hai tathA padmAvatI ke donoM hAthoM meM eka lamba chatra pradarzita hai jisakA UparI bhAga pArzva ke mastaka ke Upara hai / yaha citraNa paramparAsammata hai / kucha mUrtiyoM (vizeSata: devagar3ha) meM ina AkRtiyoM ke sAtha hI siMhAsana choroM para yakSa-yakSI bhI nirUpita haiM / 5 yaha nakula bhI ho sakatA hai / 6 anya udAharaNoM meM sAmAnyataH cAmaradhArI dharaNendra evaM chatra yA cAmaradhAriNI padmAvatI AmUrtita haiM / 30

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234 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN|' mandira 9 kI dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM / mandira 12 ke samIpa kI eka arakSita mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM eka sapaMphaNa ke chatra se yukta yakSa-yakSI caturbhuja haiM / yakSa ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, sarpa, pAza evaM kalaza haiM / isa mUrti ke atirikta anya kisI udAharaNa meM devagar3ha meM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa-yakSI nahIM nirUpite hue / khajurAho kI kevala cAra mUrtiyoM (11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiN| sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 100) kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM pAMca sapaMphaNoM se zomita dvibhuja yakSa phala (?) evaM phala se yukta hai / purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho kI eka mUrti (1618, 12 vIM zatI I0) meM sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvalI se yukta yakSa namaskAramudrA meM nirUpita hai / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 5) kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhuja yakSa ke do avaziSTa karoM meM padma evaM phala haiM / sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 68 ) kI eka anya mUrti meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle caturbhuja yakSa ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, zakti (?), sarpa evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / khajurAho meM yadyapi dharaNa kA koI nizcita svarUpa nahIM niyata huA, para zIrSabhAga meM sarpa phaNoM ke chatra kA citraNa anya kSetroM kI apekSA niyamita thA / rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI pArzvanAtha kI kevala cAra hI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI utkIrNita haiN| navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa kI dAhinI bhujA meM phala aura bAyoM meM dhana kA thailA haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI cauthI mUrti (je 794 ) meM pAMca sapaMphaNoM vAle caturbhuja yakSa ke surakSita dAhine hAthoM meM phala evaM padma pradarzita haiM / dakSiNa bhArata - uttara bhArata ke digaMbara sthaloM ke samAna hI dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI pArzvanAtha ke siMhAsana ke choroM para yakSa-yakSa kA nirUpaNa lokapriya nahIM thA / dakSiNa kannar3a kSetra kI eka pArzvanAtha mUrti (10 vIM - 11 vIM zatI I0 ) meM eka sarpaMphaNa ke chatra se yukta yakSa caturbhuja hai / yakSa ke tIna surakSita karoM meM gadA, kalaza aura abhayamudrA haiM / " kannar3a zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya (esa0 sI053) kI mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSa ke hAthoM meM padma (?), pAza, parazu evaM phala haiN| priMsa oNva velsa myUjiyama, bambaI meM do svatantra caturbhuja mUrtiyAM haiN| eka udAharaNa meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSa kUrma para ArUr3ha hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, sarpa, sarpa evaM nAgapAza pradarzita haiN| tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dUsarI mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSa ke hAthoM meM sanAla padma, gadA, pAza (nAga ?) evaM varadamudrA haiM / ' yakSa lalitamudrA meM hai / 1" vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata meM jaina paramparA ke viparIta yakSa kA dvibhuja svarUpa meM nirUpaNa hI vizeSa lokapriya thA / kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM yakSa caturbhuja hai / " yakSa kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana navIM zatI I0 1 inake karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA gadA ) evaM kalaza ( yA phala yA dhana kA thailA) pradarzita haiM / 2 anya udAharaNoM meM dharaNa evaM padmAvatI kI kramazaH cAmara evaM chatra (yA cAmara) se yukta AkRtiyAM utkIrNa haiM / 3 jI 310, je 882, 40.121 4 bAdAmI evaM ayahola kI mUrtiyoM meM donoM pAvoM meM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ko kramazaH namaskAra- mudrA meM (yA abhayamudrA vyakta karate hue) aura chatra dhAraNa kiye hue dikhAyA gayA hai / dharaNendra sarpaphaNa ke chatra se rahita aura padmAvatI usase yukta haiM / 5 hADave, DablyU 0 esa 0, 'noTsa Ana TU jaina meTala imejeja, rUpama aM0 17, pR0 48-49 6 annigerI, e0 ema0, e gAiDa TU di kannar3a risarca insTiTyUTa myUjiyama, dhAravAr3a, 1958, pR0 19 7 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 'jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', bu0Da0kA0ri0iM0, khaM0 1, aM0 2-4, pR0 157-58; je0ka0sthA0, khaM0 3, pR0 583-84 8 yaha pAtAla yakSa kI bhI mUrti ho sakatI hai / 9 caturbhuja mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, khajurAho, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI se milI haiM / digaMbara sthaloM para caturbhuja yakSa kI apekSAkRta adhika mUrtiyAM haiM /

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna 1 meM prArambha huaa| yakSa kI prArambhika mUrtiyAM osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira se milI haiN| pAzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa kA citraNa dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha haa|' yakSa ke sAtha kUrmavAhana kevala eka hI mUti (vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4) meM utkIrNa hai| jina-saMyukta evaM svatantra mUrtiyoM meM yakSa ke sAtha kevala sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura hAtha meM sarpa ke pradarzana meM hI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| purAtAtvika sthaloM para mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se yakSa kA koI svatantra rUpa bhI nahIM nizcita huA / kevala vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4 kI mUrti meM hI yakSa ke nirUpaNa meM pAramparika vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiN| eka udAharaNa ke atirikta zvetAMbara sthaloM kI anya sabhI jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti hai| para digaMbara sthaloM para sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa ke sAtha hI kabhI-kabhI svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa bhI nirUpita haiN| kaI udAharaNoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle yakSa ke hAtha meM sarpa bhI pradarzita hai| (23) padmAvatI yakSI zAstrIya paramparA padmAvatI jina pArzvanAtha kI yakSI hai| donoM paramparAoM meM padmAvatI kA vAhana kukkuTa-sarpa (yA kukkuTa) hai: tathA devI ke mukhya Ayudha padma, pAza evaM aMkuza haiM / ... zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANalikA meM caturbhujA padmAvatI kA vAhana kukUTa hai aura usake dakSiNa karoM meM padma, aura pAza tathA vAma meM phala aura aMkuza varNita haiN| samAna lakSaNoM kA ullekha karane vAle anya sabhI granthoM meM kUTa ke vAhana ke rUpa meM kurkuTa-sarpa kA ullekha hai / mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM padmAvatI ke mastaka para tIna sapaMphaNoM ke chatra ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM padmavAhanA padmAvatI kA caturbhuja, SaDbhuja evaM caturviMzatibhuja rUpoM meM dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| caturbhujA padmAvatI ke tIna hAthoM meM aMkuza, akSasUtra evaM padma; tathA SaDbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM pAza, ..... 1 devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 2 modakapAtra ke atirikta / 3 vimalavasahI kI devakUlikA 4 kI mUrti / 4 pratiSThAsArasaMgraha me vAhana padma hai / 5 padmAvatI devI kanakavarNA kukuMTavAhanAM caturbhujAM padmapAzAnvitadakSiNakarAM phalAMkuzAdhiSThita vAmakarAM ceti // nirvANakalikA 18.23 6 triza0pu0ca0 9.3.364-65; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-pArzvanAtha 93-94; pArzvanAthacaritra 7.829-30; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 177; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.63; rUpamaNDana 6.21 . . . . 7 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.65 8 devI padmAvatI nAmnA raktavarNAM caturbhujA / padmAsanAMkuzaM dhatte akSasUtraM ca paMkajaM / athavA SaDbhujA devI caturviMzati sadbhujA // pAzAsikuMtavAlendugadAmuzalasaMyutaM / - bhujASTakaM samAkhyAtaM caturviMzatirucyate // zaMkhAsicakravAlendu padmotpalazarAsanaM / pAzAMkuzaM ghaMTa (yAyu) bANaM muzalakheTakaM / trizUlaMparazuM kuntaM bhiNDamAlaM phalaM gadA / patraMcapallavaM dhatte varadA dharmavatsalA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.67-71

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236 jaina pratimAvijJAna khaDga, zUla, ardhacandra (vAlendu), gadA evaM musala varNita haiM / caturviMzatibhuja yakSI ke karoM meM zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, ardhacandra ( vAlendu), padma, utpala, dhanuSa ( zarAsana), zakti, pAza, aMkuza, ghaNTA, bANa, musala, kheTaka, trizUla, parazu, kuMta, bhiNDa, mAlA, phala, gadA, patra, pallava evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / ' pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM bhI kukkuTa sarpa para ArUr3ha evaM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI kA sambhavataH caturviMzatibhuja rUpa meM hI dhyAna hai / padma para AsIna yakSI ke karoM meM aMkuza, pAza, zaMkha, padma evaM akSamAlA Adi pradarzita haiM / pratiSThAtilakam meM bhI sambhavataH caturviMzatibhuja padmAvatI kAhI dhyAna kiyA gayA hai / padmastha yakSI ke chaha hAthoM meM pAza Adi aura zeSa meM zaMkha, khaDga, aMkuza, padma, akSamAlA evaM varadamudrA Adi ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / grantha meM vAhana kA anullekha hai / aparAjitapRcchA meM caturbhujA padmAvato kA vAhana kukkuTa aura karoM ke Ayudha pAza, aMkuza, padma evaM varadamudrA haiM / dharaNendra (pAtAla deva ) kI bhAryA hone ke kAraNa hI padmAvatI ke sAtha sarpa (kukkuTa sarpa evaM sarpaphaNa kA chatra) ko sambaddha kiyA gayA / jaina paramparA meM ullekha hai ki pArzvanAtha kA janma-janmAntara kA zatru kamaTha dUsare bhava meM kukkuTasarpa ke rUpa meM utpanna huA thA / padmAvatI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM kukkuTa sarpa kA ullekha sambhavataH usI kathA se prabhAvita aura pArzvanAtha ke zatru para usakI yakSI (padmAvatI) ke niyantraNa kA sUcaka hai| yakSI ke nAma, padmA yA padmAvatI ko yakSI kI bhujA meM padma ke pradarzana se sambandhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| padmAvatI ko hindU devakula kI sarpa se sambaddha lokadevI manasA se bhI sambaddha kiyA jAtA hai / manasA ko padmA yA padmAvatI nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / " para jaina yakSI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM manasA se pUrNataH bhinna haiM / hindU paramparA meM ziva kI zakti ke rUpa meM bhI padmAvatI ( yA parA) kA ullekha hai / aise svarUpa meM nAga para ArUr3ha evaM nAga kI mAlA se zobhita caturbhujA padmAvatI trinetra, ardhacandra se suzobhita tathA karoM meM mAlA, kumbha, kapAla evaM nIraja se yukta hai / jJAtavya hai ki nAga se sambaddha jaina padmAvatI ko. digaMbara paramparA meM padma, mAlA evaM ardhacandra se yukta batAyA gayA hai| bhairava-padmAvatI kalpa meM yakSI ko trinetra bhI kahA gayA hai / 1 bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya ne pratiSThAsArasaMgraha kI ArA kI pANDulipi ke AdhAra para vajra evaM zakti kA ullekha kiyA hai / draSTavya, bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 144 2 yeSTuM kukaMTasarpa gAtriphaNakottaMsAdviSoyAta SaT pAzAdiH sadasatkRte ca dhRtazaMkhAspAdido aSTakA / tAM zAntAmaruNAM sphuracchraNisarojanmAkSavyAlAmbarAM padmasthAM navahastaka prabhunatAM yAyajmi padmAvatIm / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3. 174 3 pAzAdyanvitaSaDbhujArijayadA dhyAtA catuvizati / zaMkhAsyAdiyutAnkarAMstu dadhatI yA krUrazAntyarthaMdA || zAntyaM sAMkuzavArijAkSamaNisaddAnaizcaturbhiH karairyuktA / tAM prayajAmi pArzvavinatAM padmasthapadmAvatIm // pratiSThAtilakam 7.23, pR0 347-48 4 pAzAGkuza padmavare raktavarNAM caturbhujA / padmAsanA kukkuTasthA khyAtA padmAvatItica // aparAjitapRcchA 221.37 5 banarjI, je0 ena0, pu0ni0, pR0 563 6 OM nAgAdhIzvaraviSTarAM phaNiphaNottaM soruratnAvalI bhAsvaddehalatAM divAkaranibhAM netratrayodbhAsitAm / mAlA kumbhakapAlanIrajakarAM candrArdhacUDAM parAM sarvajJezvara bhairavAGganilayAM padmAvatIM cintaye || mArakaNDeyapurANa : adhyAya 86 dhyAnam

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yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] 237 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA - digaMbara grantha meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita caturbhujA padmAvatI kA vAhana haMsa hai / yakSI ke UparI hAthoM meM kuThAra evaM kuliza aura nicale meM abhaya evaM kaTaka mudrAeM varNita haiM / ' bhairava - padmAvatI kalpa meM padma para avasthita caturbhujA padmA ko trinetra aura hAthoM meM pAza, phala, varadamudrA evaM zRNi se yukta kahA gayA hai / padmAvatI ko tripurA evaM tripurabhairavI jaise nAmoM se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM kukkuTa - sarpa para ArUr3ha caturbhujA yakSI ko trilocanA batAyA gayA hai aura usake hAthoM meM zrRNi, pAza, varadamudrA evaM padma kA ullekha hai / yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM sapaMphaNa se AcchAdita caturbhujA evaM trilocanA yakSI kA vAhana sarpa tathA karoM ke Ayudha pAza, aMkuza, phala evaM varadamudrA haiM / zvetAMbara granthoM ke vivaraNa sAmAnyataH uttara bhAratIya zvetAMbara paramparA ke vivaraNa se mela khAte haiM / mUrti - paramparA padmAvatI kI prAcInatama mUrtiyAM navIM dasavIM zatI I0 kI haiN| ye mUrtiyAM osiyA ke mahAvIra evaM gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandiroM se milI haiN| inameM padmAvato dvibhujA hai| sabhI kSetroM kI mUrtiyoM meM sapaMphaNoM ke chatra se yukta padmAvatI kA vAhana sAmAnyataH kukkuTa sarpa ( yA kukkuTa ) " hai aura usake karoM meM sarpa, pAza, aMkuza evaM padma pradarzita haiM / gujarAta - rAjasthAna ( ka ) svatantra mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra meM la0 navIM zatI I0 meM padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana prArambha huA / isa kSetra kI svatantra mUrtiyAM (9vIM - 13vIM zatI I0 ) osiyA ( mahAvIra mandira), jhAlAvAr3a ( jhAlarApATana), kumbhAriyA (neminAtha mandira), aura AbU (vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI) se milI haiN| osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti uttara bhArata meM padmAvatI kI prAcInatama mUrti hai jo mandira ke mukhamaNDapa ke uttarI chajje para utkIrNa hai / kukkuTasarpa para virAjamAna dvibhujA padmAvatI ke dAhine hAtha meM sarpa aura bAyeM meM phala haiN| aSTabhujA padmAvatI kI eka mUrti jhAlarApATana (jhAlAvAr3a, rAjasthAna) ke jaina mandira (1043 I0) ke dakSiNI adhiSThAna para hai / lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna yakSI ke mastaka para sAta sarpa phaNoM kA chatra aura karoM meM varadamudrA, vastra, padmakalikA, kRpANa, kheTaka, padma-kalikA, ghaNTA evaM phala pradarzita haiM / bArahavIM zatI I0 kI do caturbhuja mUrtiyAM kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira kI pazcimI devakulikA kI bAhya miti para haiM ( citra 56 ) / donoM udAharaNoM meM padmAvatI lalitamudrA meM madrAsana para virAjamAna hai aura usake Asana ke samakSa kukkuTa sarpa utkIrNa hai| eka mUrti meM yakSI ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI pradarzita hai / hAthoM meM varadAkSa, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala haiN| sarpaphaNa se rahita dUsarI mUrti meM yakSI ke karoM meM padmakalikA, pAza, aMkuza evaM phala haiM / fans sahI ke gUr3hamaNDapa ke dakSiNI dvAra para bhI caturbhujA padmAvatI kI eka mUrti (12 vIM zatI I0) utkIrNa hai jisameM kukkuTa sarpa para ArUr3ha padmAvatI sanAlapadma, pAza, aMkuza (?) evaM phala se yukta hai / uparyukta tInoM hI mUrtiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 210 2 pAzaphalavaradagajavazakaraNakarA padmaviSTarA padmA / sA mAM rakSatu devI trilocanA raktapuSpAbhA // totalA tvaritA nityA tripurA kAmasAdhinI / divyA nAmAni padmAyAstathA tripurabhairavI // bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa (bIpArNava se uddhRta, pR0 439) 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0 pU0ni0, pR0 210 4 padmAvatI kI bahubhujI mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, zahaDola, bArabhujI guphA evaM jhAlarApATana se milI haiM / 5 kabhI-kabhI yakSI ko sarpa, padma aura makara para bhI ArUr3ha dikhAyA gayA hai / 6 isa kSetra meM padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrtiyAM kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM se milI haiM /

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238 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna zvetAMbara paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| lUNavasahI ke gUr3hamaNDapa ke dakSiNI praveza dvAra ke dahalIja para caturbhujA padmAvatI kI eka choTI mUrti utkIrNa hai / yakSI kA vAhana makara hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadAkSa, sarpa, pAza evaM phala pradarzita haiM / makara vAhana kA pradarzana paramparAsammata nahIM hai, para hAthoM meM sarpa evaM pAza ke pradarzana ke AdhAra para devI kI padmAvatI se pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai / phira dahalIja ke dUsare chora para pArzva yakSa kI mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai / makara vAhana kA pradarzana sambhavataH pArzva yakSa ke kUrma vAhana se prabhAvita hai / vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 49 ke maNDapa ke vitAna para SoDazabhujA padmAvatI kI eka mUrti hai / ' saptasapaphaNoM ke chatra se 'yukta evaM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna devI ke Asana ke samakSa nAga (vAhana) utkIrNa hai| devI ke pAvoM meM nAgI kI do AkRtiyAM aMkita haiN| devI ke do UparI hAthoM meM sarpa hai, do hAtha pArzva kI nAgI mUrtiyoM ke mastaka para haiM tathA zeSa meM varadamudrA, trizUla -ghaNTA, khaDga, pAza, trizUla, cakra (challA), kheTaka, daNDa, padmakalikA, vajra, sarpa evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / (kha) jina - saMyukta mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA nirUpita hai / kevala vimalavasahI (devakulikA 4) evaM osiyA ( balAnaka) kI pArzvanAtha kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM - 12 vIM zatI I0) meM hI pAramparika yakSI AmUrtita hai / vimalavasahI kI mUrti meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta caturbhujA yakSI kukkuTa- sarpa para ArUr3ha hai aura hAthoM meM padma, pAza, aMkuza evaM phala dhAraNa kiye hai| osiyA kI mUrti meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI kA vAhana sarpa hai / dvibhujA yakSI kI avaziSTa eka bhujA meM khaDga hai / uttarapradeza-madhyapradeza (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra kI prAcInatama mUrti devagar3ha ke mandira 12 (862 I0 ) para hai / pArzvanAtha ke sAtha 'padmAvatI' nAma kI caturbhujA yakSI AmUrtita hai jisake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, cakrAkAra sanAlapadma, lekhanI paTTa (yA phalaka) evaM kalaza pradarzita haiM / 2 yakSI kA nirUpaNa paramparAsammata nahIM hai / dasavIM zatI I0 kI cAra dvibhujI mUrtiyAM gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira se milI haiN| tIna mUrtiyAM maNDapa ke jaMghA para utkIrNa haiM / inameM tribhaMga meM khar3I yakSI ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiM / uttarI aura dakSiNI jaMghA kI do mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke karoM meM vyAkhyAnamudrA - akSamAlA evaM jalapAtra haiN| pazcimI jaMghA kI mUrti meM dAhine hAtha meM padma hai aura bAyAM eka gadA para sthita hai / * jJAtavya hai ki devagar3ha evaM khajurAho kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI padmAvatI ke sAtha padma evaM gadA pradarzita haiM / mAlAdevI mandira ke garbhagRha kI pazcimI bhitti kI mUrti meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI ke avaziSTa dAhine hAtha meM padma hai / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka caturbhuja mUrti tripurI ke bAlasAgara sarovara ke mandira meM surakSita hai| " sAta sarpa phaNoM ke chatra se yukta padmavAhanA padmAvatI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, samAlapadma, sanAlapadma evaM kalaza haiM / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki digaMbara sthaloM para dasavIM zatI I0 taka padmAvatI ke sAtha kevala sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ( 3, 5 yA 7) evaM hAtha meM padma kA pradarzana ho niyamita ho sakA thA / yakSI ke sAtha kukkuTa - sarpa (vAhana) evaM pAza aura aMkuza kA pradarzana gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA / gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI digaMbara paramparA ko kaI mUrtiyAM devagar3ha, khajurAho, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU evaM zahaDola se jJAta haiM / ina sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke mastaka para sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura karoM meM padma, kalaza, aMkuza, 1 devI mahAvidyA vairoTayA bhI ho sakatI hai / padmAvatI se pahacAna ke mukhya AdhAra karoM ke Ayudha evaM zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke citraNa 1 2 ji0i0 de0, pR0 102, 105, 106 3 digaMbara granthoM meM dvibhujA padmAvatI kA anullekha hai / para digaMbara sthaloM para dvibhujA padmAvatI kA nirUpaNa lokapriya thA / 4 gadA kA nicalA bhAga aMkuza kI taraha nirmita hai / 5 zAstrI, ajayamitra, 'tripurI kA jaina purAtatva', jaina milana, varSa 12, aM0 2, pR071

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yama-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] pAza evaM pustaka kA pradarzana lokapriya thaa| vAhana kA citraNa kevala khajurAho aura devagar3ha meM hI haA hai| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM padmAvatI kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| inameM padmAvatI caturmajA aura lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai| eka mUrti (jI 316. 11 vIM zatI I0) meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta padmAvatI padma para AsIna hai aura usake tIna surakSita hAthoM meM padma, paprakalikA evaM kalaza haiN| upAsakoM, mAlAdharoM evaM cAmaradhAriNo sevikAoM se veSTita padmAvatI ke zIrSabhAga meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pArzvanAtha kI choTI mUrti utkIrNa hai| vArANasI se milI dUsarI mUrti (jI 73) meM padmAvatI pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra evaM hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padmakalikA, pustikA evaM kalaza se yukta hai| khajurAho meM caturbhujA padmAvatI kI tIna mUrtiyAM (11 vIM zatI I0) haiN| ye sabhI mUrtiyAM uttaraMgoM para utkIrNa haiN| AdinAtha mandira evaM mandira 22 kI do mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra pradarzita haiN| donoM udAharaNoM meM vAhana sambhavataH kukkuTa hai| AdinAtha mandira kI mUrti meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna padmAvatI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, pAza, padmakalikA evaM jalapAtra haiM / mandira 22 kI sthAnaka mUrti meM yakSI ke do surakSita hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM padma haiM / jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (1467) kI tIsarI mUrti meM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna padmAvatI sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta hai aura usakA vAhana kukkuTa hai (citra 57) / yakSI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, pAza evaM aMkuza pradarzita haiM / antima mUrti ke nirUpaNa meM aparAjitapRcchA kI paramparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| devagar3ha se padmAvatI kI dvibhujI, caturbhujI evaM dvAdazabhujI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ' ullekhanIya hai ki padmAvatI ke nirUpaNa meM sarvAdhika svarUpagata vaividhya devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM meM hI prApta hotA hai| caturbhujI evaM dvAdazabhujo mUrtiyAM gyArahavIMbArahavIM zatI I0 kI aura dvibhujI mUrtiyAM bArahavIM zatI I0 kI haiN| dvibhujA padmAvatI kI do mUrtiyAM haiM, jo kramazaH mandira 12 (dakSiNI bhAga) evaM 16 ke mAnastambhoM para utkIrNa haiN| donoM udAharaNoM meM yakSI ke mastaka para tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra haiM / eka mUrti meM padmAvatI varadamudrA evaM sanAlapadma aura dUsarI meM puSpa evaM phala se yukta hai / padmAvatI kI caturbhujI matiyAM tIna haiN| inameM lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna padmAvatI pAMca sarpa phaNoM ke chatra se yukta hai| mandira 1 ke mAnastambha (11 vIM zatI I0) kI mUrti meM kukkuTa-sarpa para ArUr3ha yakSI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM dhanuSa, gadA evaM pAza pradarzita haiN| mandira ke samIpa ke do anya mAnastambhoM (12 vIM zatI I0) kI mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI padmAsana para AsIna hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, padya, padma evaM jalapAtra haiN| eka udAharaNa meM yakSI ke mastaka ke Upara pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI jina mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai| dvAdazabhujA padmAvatI kI mUrti mandira 11 ke samakSa ke mAnastambha (1059 I0) para banI hai| lalitamadrA meM AsIna padmAvatI kA vAhana kukkuTa-sarpa hai| pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA. bANa. aMkuza, sanAlapadma, zRMkhalA, daNDa, chatra, vaca, sarpa, pAza, dhanuSa evaM mAtuliMga pradarzita haiN| devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki vahAM digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa hI padmAvatI ke sAtha padma aura kukkuTa-sarpa donoM ko yakSI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / padmAvatI ke zISaMbhAga meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra (3 yA 5) evaM karoM meM padma, gadA, pAza evaM aMkuza kA pradarzana bhI lokapriya thA / yakSI ke Ayudha sAmAnyataH paramparAsammata haiN| dvAdazabhujA padmAvatI kI eka mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) zahaDola (ma0 pra0) se bhI milI hai| yaha mUrti samprati ThAkura sAhaba saMgraha, zahaDola meM hai (citra 55) / padmAvatI ke zIrSabhAga meM sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta pArzvanAtha kI mUrti utkIrNa hai| kirITamukuTa evaM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI padma para dhyAna mudrA meM virAjamAna hai / Asana.ke nIce kUrmavAhana aMkita hai| devI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, parazu, bANa, vaja, cakra (challA), phalaka, gadA, aMkuza, dhanuSa, sapaM evaM padma pradarzita haiN| pAzvoM meM do nAga-nAgI AkRtiyAM banI haiN| madhyapradeza ke mAlavA kSetra se milI la0 dasavIM 1 dvibhuja evaM dvAdazabhuja svarUpoM meM padmAvatI kA aMkana paramparAsammata nahIM hai| 2 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha e 7.53 3 kUrmavAhana kA pradarzana paramparA viruddha aura sambhavataH dharaNa yakSa ke kUrmavAhana se prabhAvita hai|

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240 [jaina pratimAvijJAna gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI eka caturbhuja padmAvatI mUrti (?) briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana meM hai|' tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI padmAvatI ke hAthoM meM khaDga, sarpa, kheTaka aura padma haiM / zIrSabhAga meM choTI jina mUrti aura caraNoM ke samIpa sarpavAhana tathA do sevikAeM pradarzita haiN| / (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-pAvaM (yA dharaNa) yakSa kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana ke sandarbha meM hama pahale hI ullekha kara cuke haiM ki pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana niyamita nahIM thaa| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM yakSI ke sthAna para pAzvanAtha ke samIpa sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta eka strI AkRti (padmAvatI) utkIrNa hai jisake hAtha meM lambA chatra hai| pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI sAmAnyataH dvibhujA aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM caturbhujA yakSI bhI nirUpita hai / jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke sAtha vAhana nahIM utkIrNa hai / caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura hAtha meM padma pradarzita haiN| yakSI ke sAtha anya pAramparika Ayudha (pAza evaM aMkuza) nahIM pradarzita haiN| jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA (yA varadamudrA yA padma) evaM phala (yA kalaza) pradarzita haiN| khajurAho evaM devagar3ha kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI ke mastaka para sapaMphaNoM ke chatra bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU kI pArzvanAtha kI eka mUrti (je 794, 11 vIM zatI I0) meM pIThikA ke madhya meM pAMca sapaMphaNoM ke chatra vAlI caturbhujA padmAvatI nirUpita hai| yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, padma, padma evaM kalaza haiN| devagar3ha ke mandira 12 ke samIpa kI eka arakSita mUrti (11 vIM zatI I0) meM tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yakta caturbhujA yakSI ke do hI hAthoM ke Ayudha-abhayamudrA evaM kalaza-spaSTa haiN| khajurAho ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI do mUrtiyoM (11 vIM zatI I0) meM yakSI caturbhujA hai| eka udAharaNa ke 100) meM sarpaphaNoM se yukta yakSI ke do avaziSTa hAthoM meM abhayamudrA aura padya haiN| dUsarI mUrti (ke 68) meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatravAlI yakSI dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake tIna surakSita hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, sarpa evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiN| bihAra-ur3IsA-baMgAla-la0 navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 kI eka padmAvatI mUrti (?) nAlandA (maTha saMkhyA 9) se milI hai aura samprati nAlandA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai| lalitamudrA meM padma para virAjamAna caturbhujA devI ke mastaka para pAMca sarpaphaNoM kA chatra aura karoM meM phala, khaDga, parazu evaM cinamudrA-padma pradarzita haiN| ur3IsA ke navamuni evaM bArabhUjI guphAoM (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) meM padmAvatI kI do mUrtiyAM haiN| navamuni guphA kI mUrti meM dvibhujA yakSI lalitamudrA meM padma para virAjamAna hai / jaTAmukuTa se zobhita yakSI trinetra hai aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA evaM padma pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA nirUpaNa apAramparika hai| Asana ke nIce sambhavataH kukkuTa-sarpa utkIrNa hai| bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yakta padmAvatI aSTabhujA hai| padma para virAjamAna yakSI ke dakSiNa karoM meM varadamudrA, bANa, khaDga, cakra (?) evaM vAma meM dhanuSa, kheTaka, sanAlapadma, sanAlapadma pradarzita haiN| yakSI kI mukhya vizeSatAeM (padmavAhana, sarpaphaNoM kA chatra evaM hAtha meM padma) paramparAsammata haiN| dakSiNa bhArata-padmAvatI dakSiNa bhArata kI tIna sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSiyoM (ambikA, padmAvatI evaM jvAlAmAlinI) meM eka hai / karnATaka meM padmAvatI sarvAdhika lokapriya thii| kannar3a zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya kI pArzvanAtha kI mUrti meM caturbhujA padmAvatI padma, pAza, gadA (yA aMkuza) evaM phala se yukta hai| saMgrahAlaya meM caturbhujA padmAvatI kI lalitamudrA meM AsIna do svatantra matiyAM bhI surakSita haiM / eka meM (ema 84) sarpaphaNa se maNDita yakSI kA vAhana kukkuTa-sarpa hai| yakSI ke do avaziSTa hAthoM meM pAza evaM phala haiN| dUsarI mUrti meM padmAvatI pAMca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se zobhita hai aura usake hAthoM meM 10ka0sthA, khaM0 3, pR0 553 3 mitrA, debalA, pU0ni0, pR0 129 5 desAI, pI0 bI0, pU0ni0, pR0 10, 163 2 sTa0jai0A0, pR0 17 4 vahI, pR0 133

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 241 2 phala, aMkuza, pAza evaM padma pradarzita haiM / yakSI kA vAhana haMsa hai / ' bAdAmI kI guphA 5 kI dIvAra kI mUrti meM caturbhujA padmAvatI (?) kA vAhana sambhavata: haMsa ( yA krauMca ) hai / yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala haiM / kalugumalAI (tamilanADu) se bhI caturbhujA padmAvatI kI eka mUrti (10vIM - 11vIM zatI I0) milI hai / isameM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta yakSI ke karoM meM phala, sarpaM, aMkuza evaM pAza pradarzita haiM / 3 karnATaka se milI padmAvatI kI tIna caturbhujI mUrtiyAM priMsa oN velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI meM surakSita haiN| tInoM hI udAharaNoM meM eka sarpaMphaNa se zobhita padmAvatI lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna hai / pahalI mUrti meM yakSI kI tIna avaziSTa bhujAoM meM padma, pAza evaM aMkuza haiM / dUsarI mUrti kI eka avaziSTa bhujA meM aMkuza hai / tIsarI mUrti meM Asana ke nIce sambhavata: kukkuTa ( yA zuka) utkIrNa hai / yakSI varadamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM sarpa yukta hai| uparyukta adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki dakSiNa bhArata meM padmAvatI ke sAtha pAza, aMkuza evaM padma kA pradarzana lokapriya thA / zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra evaM vAhana ke rUpa meM kukkuTa - sarpa ( yA kukkuTa) kA aMkana vizeSa lokapriya nahIM thA / kucha meM haMsavAhana bhI utkIrNa hai / vizleSaNa vibhinna kSetroM kI mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki ambikA evaM cakrezvarI ke bAda uttara bhArata meM padmAvatI kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNaM huiiN| padmAvatI kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA nirUpaNa la0 navIM zatI I0 meM aura jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM kA citraNa la0 dasavI zatI I0 meM Arambha huA / padmAvatI ke sAtha vAhana (kukkuTa-sarpa) aura hAtha meM sarpa kA pradarzana la0 navIM zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA / dasavIM zatI I0 taka yakSI kA dvibhuja rUpa meM nirUpaNa hI lokapriya thA / gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM yakSI ke caturbhuja rUpa kA nirUpaNa bhI prArambha huaa| jina saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI kevala dvibhujA aura caturbhujA hai, para svatantra mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja aura caturbhuja ke sAtha-sAtha padmAvatI kA dvAdazabhuja rUpa bhI milatA hai / jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke sAtha vAhana evaM viziSTa Ayudha (padma, sarpa, pAza, aMkuza ) kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM pradarzita haiM / digaMbara sthaloM para pArzvanAtha ke sAtha yA to padmAvatI' yA phira sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI nirUpita hai / para zvetAMbara sthaloM para do udAharaNoM ke atirikta anya sabhI meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA AmUrtita hai / vimalavasahI (devakulikA 4 ) evaM osiyA ( mahAvIra mandira kA balAnaka) kI do zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM vAlI pAramparika yakSI nirUpita hai / zvetAMbara sthaloM para padmAvatI kI kevala dvibhujI evaM caturbhujI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM para digaMbara sthaloM para dvibhujI evaM caturbhujI ke sAtha hI dvAdazabhujI mUrtiyAM bhI bniiN| zvetAMbara sthaloM para digaMbara sthaloM kI apekSA vAhana evaM mukhya AyudhoM (padma, pAza, aMkuza ) ke sandarbha meM paramparA kA adhika pAlana kiyA gayA hai / tIna, pAMca yA sAta sarpaphaNoM se zobhita yakSI ke sAtha vAhana sAmAnyataH kukkuTa sarpa (yA kukkuTa) hai / " digaMbara sthaloM para paramparA ke anurUpa yakSI ke do hAthoM meM padma kA pradarzana vizeSa lokapriya thA / 1 annigerI, e0 ema0 pU0ni0, pR0 19, 29 2 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0 pU0ni0, pR0 161 3 desAI, pI0 bI0 pU0ni0, pR0 65 " 5 osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira kI mUrti meM ye vizeSatAeM pradarzita haiM / 6 kevala devagar3ha ( mandira 12 ) kI hI mUrti meM padmAvatI caturbhujA hai / 4 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0 pU0ni0, pR0 158-59 7 grantha meM padmAvatI kI bhujA meM sarpa ke pradarzana ke anullekha ke bAda bhI mUrtiyoM meM sarpa kA citraNa lokapriya thA / 8 padmAvatI ke sAtha vAhana evaM anya pAramparika vizeSatAeM sAmAnyataH nahIM pradarzita haiM / 9 khajurAho 31

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna kucha sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM padma, nAga, kUrma aura makara ko bhI padmAvatI ke vAhana ke rUpa meM darazAyA gayA hai / " paramparA ke anurUpa yakSI ke karoM meM pAza evaM aMkuza kA pradarzana mukhyataH devagar3ha, khajurAho, vimalavasahI, kumbhAriyA evaM kucha anya sthaloM kI hI mUrtiyoM meM prApta hotA hai / nAgarAja dharaNa se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa hI devagar3ha, khajurAho, zahaDola, osiyA, vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI kI mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ke hAtha meM sarpa pradarzita kiyA gayA / 2 (24) mAtaMga yakSa 242 zAstrIya paramparA mAtaMga jina mahAvIra kA yakSa hai / donoM paramparAoM meM mAtaMga ko dvibhuja aura gajArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai / digaMbara paramparA meM mAtaMga ke mastaka para dharmacakra ke pradarzana kA bhI nirdeza hai / zvetAMbara paramparA -- nirvANakalikA meM gajArUr3ha mAtaMga ke hAthoM meM nakula evaM bIjapUraka varNita haiM / anya granthoM meM bhI inhIM lakSaNoM ke ullekha haiM / digaMbara paramparA - pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM dvibhuja mAtaMga ke mastaka para usakA vAhana mudga" batAyA gayA hai / " yakSa ke karoM meM varadamudrA evaM mAtuliMga karane vAle anya sabhI granthoM meM mAtaMga kA vAhana gaja hai / " yakSa kA gajavAhana usake mAtaMga (gaja) nAma se prabhAvita ho sakatA hai / mastaka para dharmacakra kA pradarzana yakSa ke mahAvIra dvArA punaH sthApita evaM vyavasthita jaina dharma evaM saMgha ke rakSaka hone kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai / " gajavAhana evaM hAtha meM nakala kA pradarzana hindU kubera kA bhI prabhAva sakatA hai| eka grantha meM mAtaMga ko yakSarAja bhI kahA gayA hai, jo kubera kA hI dUsarA nAma hai / " 1 vimalavasahI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (jI 316), lUNavasahI, tripurI, devagar3ha, zahaDola evaM bArabhujo guphA 2 jhAlarApATana evaM bArabhujI guphA kI mUrtiyoM meM bhujA meM sarpaM nahIM pradarzita hai / 3 mAtaMgayakSaM zyAmavarNaM gajavAhanaM dvibhujaM dakSiNe nakulaM vAme bIjapUrakamiti / nirvANakalikA 18.24 400pu0ca0 10.5.11; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa - mahAvIra 247 mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.48; AcAradinakara 34, pR0 175; devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.64; rUpamaNDana 6.22 5 eka prakAra kA samudrI pakSI yA mUMgA / 6 bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya ne pratiSThAsArasaMgraha kI ArA kI pANDulipi ke AdhAra para gajavAhana kA ullekha kiyA hai / draSTavya, bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni, pR0 118 7 vardhamAna jinendrasya yakSo mAtaMgasaMjJakaH / dharmacakra ke citraNa kA nirdeza hai aura varNita haiM / " samAna AyudhoM kA ullekha dvibhujo mudgavarNosau varado mudgavAhanaH // mAtuliMgaM kare dhatte dharmacakraM ca mastake / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.72-73 8 mudgaprabho mUrdhani dharmacakraM bibhratphalaM vAmakarethayacchan / varaM karistho hariketu bhakto mAtaMga yakSoMgatu tuSTimiSTayA || pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.152 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.24, pR0 338, aparAjitapucchA 221.56 9 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0 pU0ni0, pR0 119 10 mAtaMgo yakSarAT ca dviradakRtagatiH zyAmarug rAtu sauravyam // varddhamAnaSaT trizikA (caturavijayamuni praNIta) / (jaina stotra sandoha, saM0 amaravijaya muni, khaM0 1, ahamadAbAda, 1932, pR0 66 se uddhRta) |

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 243 dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke viparIta dakSiNa bhAratIya digaMbara grantha meM yakSa ko caturbhuja batAyA gayA hai / gajArUr3ha yakSa ke UparI hAtha ArAdhanA kI mudrA meM mukuTa ke samIpa aura nIce ke hAtha abhaya evaM eka anya mudrA meM varNita haiN| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM mAtaMga ko SaDbhuja aura dharma cakra, kazA, pAza, vajra, daNDa evaM varadamudrA se yukta kahA gayA hai; vAhana kA anullekha hai| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM uttara bhAratIya digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa gajArUr3ha mAtaMga dvibhuja hai| zIrSa bhAga meM dharmacakra se yukta yakSa ke hAthoM meM varadamudrA evaM mAtaliMga kA ullekha hai| mUrti-paramparA mAtaMga kI eka bhI svatantra mUrti nahIM milI hai / jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM bhI yakSa ke sAtha pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiN| mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM dvibhuja yakSa adhikAMzataH sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlA hai| kevala khajurAho evaM devagar3ha kI kucha digaMbara mUrtiyoM meM hI caturbhuja evaM svatantra lakSaNoM vAlA yakSa nirUpita hai| mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa dasavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huaa| rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, gyArasapura (mAlAdevI mandira), khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM anya sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa ke karoM meM abhayamadrA (yA gadA) evaM dhana kA ye (yA phala yA kalaza) pradarzita haiN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI zvetAMbara mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa nirUpita hai / kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira (11 vIM zatI I0) kI bhramikA ke vitAna para mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzyoM meM unakA yakSa-yakSI yugala bhI AmUrtita hai| caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana gaja hai aura usake karoM meM varadamudrA, pustaka, chatrapadma evaM jalapAtra pradarzita haiM / yaha brahmazAnti yakSa kI mUrti hai jise mahAvIra ke yakSa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / digaMbara sthaloM kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM mahAvIra ke sAtha svatantra lakSaNoM vAlA yakSa bhI AmUrtita hai| devagar3ha ke mandira 11 kI eka mUrti (1048 I0) meM caturbhuja yakSa ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM abhayamudrA, padma evaM phala haiM / khajurAho ke mandira 2 kI mUrti (1092 I0) meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana sambhavataH siMha hai aura usake hAthoM meM dhana kA thailA, zUla, padya (?) evaM daNDa haiN| khajurAho ke mandira 21 kI dIvAra kI mUrti (ke 28/1, 11vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa kA vAhana aja hai| yakSa ke dakSiNa kara meM zakti hai aura bAyAM hAtha aja ke zrRMga para sthita hai| khajurAho ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya (ke 17, 11vIM zatI I.) kI eka mUrti meM caturbhuja yakSa kA vAhana sambhavataH siMha hai aura usake tIna surakSita hAthoM meM gadA, padma evaM dhana kA thailA haiN| bharatapura (rAjasthAna) se milI aura samprati rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (279) meM surakSita mUrti (1004 I0) meM dvibhuja yakSa kA vAhana gaja aura eka avaziSTa bhujA meM dhana kA thailA haiN| upayukta se spaSTa hai ki digaMbara sthaloM para yakSa kA koI svatantra rUpa niyata nahIM ho sakA thaa| dakSiNa bhArata-bAdAmI (karnATaka) kI guphA 4 kI la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 kI do mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM gajArUDha yakSa caturbhuja hai aura usake karoM meM abhayamudrA, gadA, pAza evaM khaDga pradarzita haiN| elorA, akolA evaM harIdAsa svAlI saMgraha kI mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti yakSa nirUpita hai|4 1 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni, pR0 211 2 khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI bhitti kI mUrti meM yakSa ke donoM hAthoM meM phala haiM / 3 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI, citra saMgraha e 21-60, e 21-61 4 zAha, yU0 pI0, 'jaina bronjez2a ina harIdAsa svAlIja kalekzana', bu0ni00myU0ve0I0, aM0 9, 1964-66, pR0 47-49; Dagalasa, bI0, 'e jaina bronja phrAma di DaMkana, 'o0 ArTa, khaM0 5, aM0 1, pR0 162-65

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244 [jaina pratimAvijJAna (24) siddhAyikA (yA siddhAyinI) yakSI zAstrIya paramparA siddhAyikA (yA siddhAyinI) jina mahAvIra kI yakSI hai| siddhAyikA jaina devakula kI cAra pramukha yakSiyoM (cakrezvarI, ambikA, padmAvatI, siddhAyikA) meM eka hai|' zvetAMbara paramparA meM caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana siMha (yA gaja) aura digaMbara paramparA meM dvibhujA yakSI kA vAhana siMha (yA bhadrAsana) batAyA gayA hai| zvetAMbara paramparA-nirvANakalikA meM siMhavAhanA siddhAyikA ke dakSiNa karoM meM pustaka evaM abhayamudrA aura vAma meM mAliMga evaM bANa ullikhita haiN| kucha granthoM meM bANa ke sthAna para vINA kA ullekha hai / padmAnandamahAkAvya meM / ko gajavAhanA batAyA gayA hai| AcAradinakara meM bAyeM hAthoM meM mAtuliMga evaM vINA (yA bANa) ke sthAna para pAza evaM padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai|5 mantrAdhirAjakalpa meM siddhAyikA ke SaDabhuja rUpa kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke anusAra yakSA karoM meM pustaka, abhayamudrA, varadamudrA, kharAyudha, vINA evaM phala dhAraNa kiye hai| digaMbara paramparA-pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM bhadrAsana para virAjamAna dvibhujA siddhAyinI ke karoM meM varadamudrA aura pustaka kA varNana hai| pratiSThAsAroddhAra meM bhadrAsana para virAjamAna yakSI kA vAhana siMha batAyA gayA hai| aparAjitapucchA meM varadamudrA ke sthAna para abhayamudrA kA ullekha hai| digaMbara paramparA ke eka tAntrika grantha vidyAnuzAsana meM ullekha hai 1 rUpamaNDana 6.25-26 21siddhAyikA haritavarNA siMhavAhanAM caturbhujAM pustakAbhayayuktadakSiNakarAM mAtuliMgabANAnvitavAmahastAM ceti / nirvANakalikA 18.24; draSTavya, devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 7.65; rUpamaNDana 6.23 3 samAtuliMgavallakyau vAmabAhU ca vibhratI / pustakAbhayadau como dadhAnA dakSiNIbhujau // triza0pu0ca0 10.5.12-13 draSTavya, pravacanasAroddhAra 24, pR0 94; padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-mahAvIra 248-49 / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa meM bANa kA hI ullekha hai| 4 padmAnandamahAkAvyaH pariziSTa-mahAvIra 248-49 5 ""pAzAmbhoruharAjivAmakaramAga siddhAyikA" / AcAradinakara 34, pR0 178 6 siddhAthikA navatamAladalAlinIlaruka pustikAbhayakarA (dA) nakharAyudhAMkA / vINAphalAGkitabhujadvitayA hi bhavyAnavyAjjinendrapadapaGkajabaddhabhaktiH // mantrAdhirAjakalpa 3.66 7 siddhAyinI tathA devI dvibhujA kanakaprabhA / varadA pustakaM dhatte subhadrAsanamAzritA // pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.73-74 8 siddhAyikA saptakarochitAMgajinAzrayAMpustakadAnahastAm / zritAM subhadrAsanamatra yajJe hemadyuti siMhagati yajeham / pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.178 draSTavya, pratiSThAtilakam 7.24, pR0 348 9 dvibhujA kanakAmA ca pustakaM cAbhayaM tathA / siddhAyikA tU kartavyA bhadrAsanasamanvitA / / aparAjitapRcchA 221.38

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yakSa-yakSI-pratimAvijJAna ] 245 ki vardhamAna kI yakSI kA nAma kAmacaNDAlinI bhI haiN| jo nirvastra aura caturbhujA hai| vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se sajjita devI ke keza mukta haiM aura usake hAthoM meM phala, kalaza, daNDa evaM Damaru dRSTigata hote haiN| siddhAyikA ke nirUpaNa meM pustaka evaM vINA (zvetAMbara) kA pradarzana sarasvatI (vAgdevI) kA prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| yakSI kA siMhavAhana sambhavataH mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| dakSiNa bhAratIya paramparA-digaMbara grantha meM dvibhujA yakSI kA vAhana haMsa hai aura usake hAthoM meM abhayamudrA evaM mudrA (varada ?) haiN| ajJAtanAma zvetAMbara grantha meM yakSI dvAdazabhujA hai aura usakA vAhana garuDa hai| usake karoM meM asi, phalaka, puSpa, zara, cApa, pAza, cakra, daNDa, akSasUtra, varadamudrA, nIlotpala evaM abhayamudrA varNita haiN| yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa meM yakSI ko dvibhujA batAyA gayA hai, para AyudhoM kA anullekha hai| mUrti-paramparA ambikA, cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI kI tulanA meM siddhAyikA kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai / mUrta aMkAnoM meM yakSI kA pAramparika aura svatantra svarUpa dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM abhivyakta huaa| jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM yakSI adhikAMzataH sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI hai| rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (279), kumbhAriyA (zAntinAtha mandira), gyArasapura (mAlAdevI mandira), khajurAho evaM devagar3ha kI kucha mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM svatantra lakSaNoM vAlI yakSI AmUrtita hai / gujarAta-rAjasthAna (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM-yU0 pI. zAha ne zvetAMbara sthaloM se prApta caturbhujA siddhAyikA kI tIna svatantra mUrtiyoM (12 vIM zatI I0) kA ullekha kiyA hai| sabhI udAharaNoM meM zvetAMbara paramparA ke anurUpa siMhavAhanA siddhAyikA pustaka evaM vINA se yukta hai| vimalavasahI ke raMgamaNDapa ke stambha kI mUrti meM siMhavAhanA yakSI tribhaMga meM khar3I hai| yakSI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, pustaka evaM vINA haiN| dUsarI mUrti kaimbe ke mandira se milI hai| lalitamudrA meM virAjamAna siMhavAhanA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhayamudrA, pustaka, vINA evaM phala pradarzita haiN| samAna vivaraNoM vAlI tIsarI mUrti prabhAsapATaNa se prApta huI hai| (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM-isa kSetra kI do mahAvIra mUrtiyoM ke atirikta anya sabhI meM yakSI ke rUpa meM ambikA nirUpita hai| rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera kI mUrti (279) meM dvibhujA yakSo kA vAhana siMha hai aura usakI eka surakSita bhujA meM khaDga pradarzita hai| yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki digaMbara paramparA ke viparIta siMhavAhanA siddhAyikA ke Daga kA pradarzana khajurAho evaM devagar3ha kI digaMbara mUrtiyoM meM bhI prApta hotA hai| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira ke vitAna kI mUrti meM pakSIvAhana vAlI yakSo caturbhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, sanAlapadma, sanAlapadma evaM phala pradarzita haiN| yakSI kA nirUpaNa nirvANI yakSI yA zAntidevI se prabhAvita hai| 1 varddhamAna jinendrasya yakSI siddhAyikA mtaa| taddevyaparanAmnA ca kAmacaNDAlisaMjJakA // bhUSitAmaraNaH sarvermuktakezA digNbrii| pAtu mAM kAmacaNDAlI kRSNavarNA caturbhujA / / phalakAMcanakalazakarA shaalmlidnnddocyddmruyugmopetaa| japata (?) stribhuvanavaMdyA vazyA jagati zrIkAmacaNDAlI // vidyaanushaasn| zAha, yU0 pI0, 'yakSiNI oNva di TvenTI-phortha jina mahAvIra', ja0o0I0, khaM0 22, aM0 1-2, pR0 77 2 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, pU0ni0, pR0 146-47; vistAra ke lie draSTavya, tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, 'di Ai kAnogrAphI oNva yakSI siddhAyikA',ja0e0so0, khaM0 15, aM0 1-4, pR0 97-103 3 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, pU0ni0, pR0 211-12 4 zAha, yU0 pI, pU0ni0, pR071

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna uttarapradeza - madhyapradeza -- (ka) svatantra mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra se yakSI kI tIna mUrtiyAM milI haiM / " devagar3ha ke mandira 12 (862 I0) ke sAmUhika citraNa meM vardhamAna ke sAtha 'aparAjitA' nAma kI sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI AmUrti hai / yakSI kA dAhinA hAtha jAnu para hai aura bAyeM meM cAmara yA padma hai| khajurAho ke mandira 24 ke uttaraMga ( 11 vIM zatI I0) para caturbhujA yakSI lalitamudrA meM AsIna hai / siMhavAhanA yakSI ke karoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, kheTaka evaM jalapAtra haiM / bilkula samAna lakSaNoM vAlI dUsarI mUrti devagar3ha ke mandira 5 ke uttaraMga (11 vIM zatI I0) para utkIrNa hai / uparyukta donoM mUrtiyoM meM yakSI kA caturbhuja honA aura usake karoM meM khaDga evaM kheTaka kA pradarzana digaMbara paramparA ke viruddha hai / siMhavAhanA yakSI ke sAtha khaDga evaM kheTaka kA pradarzana 16 vIM jaina mahAvidyA mahAmAnasI kA bhI prabhAva ho sakatA hai / 3 1 246 (kha) jina-saMyukta mUrtiyAM - isa kSetra meM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana prArambha huA / adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA ( yA puSpa ) evaM phala ( yA kalaza) se yukta hai | mAlAdevI mandira ( gyArasapura, ma0 pra0) kI mahAvIra mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM dvibhujA yakSI ke donoM hAthoM meM vINA hai / devagar3ha kI chaha mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA (puSpa) evaM kalaza ( yA phala ) se yukta hai / sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha ke caubIsI jina paTTa (12 vIM zatI I0) kI mahAvIra mUrti meM dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA evaM pustaka se yukta hai / pustaka kA pradarzana digaMbara paramparA kA pAlana hai / devagar3ha ke mandira 1 kI mUrti (10 vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, padmakalikA, padmakalikA evaM phala pradarzita haiM / devagar3ha ke mandira 11 kI mUrti (1048 I0) meM dvibhujA yakSI padmAvatI evaM ambikA kI vizeSatAoM se yukta hai| tIna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI yakSI hAthoM meM phala evaM bAlaka haiM / uparyukta se spaSTa hai ki devagar3ha meM siddhAyikA kA koI svatantra svarUpa niyata nahIM huA / khajurAho kI tIna mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM dvibhujA yakSI abhayamudrA evaM phala ( yA padma) se yukta hai| khajurAho ke mandira 2 ko mUrti meM siMhavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake karoM meM phala, cakra, padma evaM zaMkha sthita / mandira 21 kI dIvAra kI mUrti meM bhI siMhavAhanA yakSI caturbhujA hai aura usake hAthoM meM varadamudrA, khaDga, cakra evaM phala haiM / khajurAho ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya kI tIsarI mUrti (ke 17) meM bhI caturbhujA yakSI kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake tIna surakSita hAthoM meM cakra (challA), padma evaM zaMkha pradarzita haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kI uparyukta tInoM hI mUrtiyoM meM yakSI ke nirUpaNa kI ekarUpatA se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki khajurAho meM caturbhujA siddhAyikA ke eka svatantra svarUpa kI kalpanA kI gaI / yakSI ke sAtha vAhana (siMha) to pAramparika hai, para hAthoM meM cakra evaM zaMkha kA pradarzana hindU vaiSNavI se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / bihAra - ur3IsA - baMgAla --- isa kSetra meM kevala bArabhujI guphA (ur3IsA) se hI yakSI kI eka mUrti milI hai (citra 59 ) / mahAvIra ke sAtha vizatibhujA yakSI nirUpita hai / gajavAhanA yakSI ke dAhine hAthoM meM varadamudrA, zUla, akSamAlA, bANa, daNDa (?), mudgara, hala, vajra, cakra evaM khaDga aura bAyeM meM kalaza, pustaka, phala (?), padma, ghaNTA (?), dhanuSa, nAgapAza evaM kheTaka spaSTa haiM / " pustaka evaM gajavAhana kA pradarzana pAramparika hai / dakSiNa bhArata - dakSiNa bhArata meM yakSI kA na to pAramparika svarUpa meM aMkana huA aura na hI usakA koI svatantra svarUpa nirdhArita huA / mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa la0 sAtavIM zatI I0 meM hI prArambha ho gayA / bAdAmI 2 ji060 de0, pR0 102, 105 1 ye mUrtiyAM khajurAho evaM devagar3ha se milI haiM / 3 mahAvidyA mahAmAnasI kA vAhana siMha hai aura usake karoM meM varada ( yA abhaya - ) mudrA, khaDga, kuNDikA evaM kheTaka pradarzita haiM / 4 smaraNIya hai ki siddhAyikA kI bhujA meM vINA kA ullekha zvetAMbara paramparA meM prApta hotA hai / 5 mitrA, debalA, pu0ni0, pR0 133 : do vAma karoM ke Ayudha spaSTa nahIM haiM / 6 gajavAhana kA ullekha kevala zvetAMbara paramparA meM prApta hotA hai /

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yakSa yakSI - pratimAvijJAna ] 247 guphA kI mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM caturbhujA yakSI ke karoM meM abhayamudrA, aMkuza, pAza evaM phala ( yA jalapAtra) pradarzita haiN| vAhana kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai / karaMjA (akolA, mahArASTra) kI eka mahAvIra mUrti (la0 9vIM zatI I0) meM caturbhujA yakSI puSpa (?), padma parazu evaM phala se yukta hai / seTTipoDava ( madurAI) kI eka caturbhujI mUrti meM kevala do hAthoM ke hI Ayudha spaSTa haiM, jo dhanuSa aura bANa haiM / anya udAharaNoM meM yakSI dvibhujA hai / dvibhujA yakSI ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI siMhavAhana utkIrNaM hai / hAthoM meM padma evaM phala ( yA pustaka) pradarzita haiM / " vizleSaNa sampUrNa adhyayana se spaSTa hai ki uttara bhArata meM pAramparika evaM svatantra lakSaNoMvAlI siddhAyikA kI mUrtiyAM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya utkIrNaM huIM / uttara bhArata meM siddhAyikA kA pUrI taraha pAramparika svarUpa meM aMkana kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM hI dRSTigata hotA hai / inameM siMhavAhanA yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya -( yA varada - ) mudrA, pustaka, vINA evaM phala pradarzita haiM / digaMbara sthaloM para kevala siMhavAhana ke pradarzana meM hI paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai / devagar3ha evaM bArabhujI guphA kI do mUrtiyoM meM digaMbara paramparA ke anurUpa pustaka bhI pradarzita hai / mAlAdevI mandira kI mUrti meM yakSI ke sAtha vINA kA pradarzana zvetAMbara paramparA kA pAlana hai / anya AyudhoM kI dRSTi se digaMbara sthaloM kI siddhAyikA kI mUrtiyAM paramparAsammata nahIM haiM / digaMbara sthaloM para yakSI kA caturbhuja svarUpa meM nirUpaNa aura usake karoM meM paramparA se bhinna AyudhoM (khaDga, kheTaka, padma, cakra, zaMkha) kA pradarzana isa bAta kA saMketa dete haiM ki una sthaloM para caturbhujA siddhAyikA ke nirUpaNa se sambandhita aisI paramparA pracalita thI, jo samprati hameM upalabdha nahIM hai / sabhI kSetroM meM yakSI kA dvibhuja aura caturbhuja rUpoM meM nirUpaNa hI lokapriya thA / 4 1 zAha, yU0pI0 pU0ni0, pR074, 75; desAI, pI0 bI0, pR0ni0, pR0 38, 56, 57 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, pU0ni0, pR0 161 2 ye mUrtiyAM vimalavasahI, kaimbe evaM prabhAsapATaNa se milI haiM / 3 kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM vAhana gaja hai / 5 kevala bArabhujI guphA kI mUrti meM hI yakSI vizatibhuja hai / 4 khajurAho evaM devagar3ha

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saptama adhyAya niSkarSa jaina paramparA meM uttara bhArata ke kevala kucha hI zAsakoM ke jaina dharma svIkAra karane ke ullekha haiM, jinameM khAravela, nAgabhaTa dvitIya aura kumArapAla pramukha haiM / tathApi bArahavIM zatI I0 taka ke adhikAMza rAjavaMzoM (pAloM ke atirikta) ke zAsakoM kA jaina dharma ke prati dRSTikoNa udAra thA, jisake do mukhya kAraNa the; prathama, bhAratIya zAsakoM kI dharmasahiSNu nIti aura dUsarA, jaina dharmaM kI vyApAriyoM, vyavasAyiyoM evaM sAmAnya janoM ke madhya vizeSa lokapriyatA / isI sambandha meM eka ullekhanIya tathya yaha hai ki jaina dharma aura kalA ko zAsakoM se adhika vyApAriyoM, vyavasAyiyoM evaM sAmAnya janoM kA samarthana aura sahayoga milaa| mathurA ke kuSANakAlIna mUrtilekhoM tathA osiyA, khajurAho, jAlora evaM anya aneka sthaloM ke lekhoM se isakI puSTi hotI hai / jaina kalA, sthApatya evaM pratimAvijJAna kI dRSTi se pratihAra, candela aura caulukya rAjavaMzoM kA zAsana kAla (8 vI 12 vIM zatI I0) vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai / ina rAjavaMzoM ke samaya meM gujarAta, rAjasthAna, uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza ke vistRta kSetra meM aneka jaina mandira bane aura pracura saMkhyA meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa huA / isI samaya devagar3ha, khajurAho, osiyA, gyArasapura, kumbhAriyA, AbU, jAlora, tAraMgA evaM anya aneka mahatvapUrNa jaina kalAkendra pallavita aura puSpita hue / la0 AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya jaina kalA prabhUta vikAsa meM uparyukta kSetroM kI sudRr3ha Arthika pRSThabhUmi kA bhI mahatva thA / gujarAta ke mar3auMca, kaimbe aura somanAtha jaise vyApArika mahatva ke bandaragAhoM, rAjasthAna ke poravAr3a, zrImAla, osavAla, moDheraka jaisI vyApArika jaina jAtiyoM evaM madhya pradeza aura uttara pradeza meM vidizA, ujjaina, mathurA, kauzAmbI, vArANasI jaise mahatvapUrNa vyApArika sthaloM ke kAraNa hI ina kSetroM meM aneka jaina mandira evaM vipula saMkhyA meM mUrtiyAM bniiN| ke paTanA ke samIpa lohAnIpura se milI mauyayugIna mUrti prAcInatama jina mUrti hai (citra 2) / causA aura mathurA se zuMga - kuSANa kAla kI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / mathurA se la0 150 I0 pU0 se gyArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI prabhUta jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM / ye mUrtiyAM Arambha se madhyayuga taka ke pratimAvijJAna kI vikAsa-zRMkhalA ko pradarzita karatI haiN| zuMgakuSANa kAla meM mathurA meM sarvaprathama jinoM ke vakSaHsthala para zrIvatsa cihna kA utkIrNana aura jinoM kA dhyAnamudrA meM nirUpaNa prArambha huA / tIsarI se pahalI zatI I0 pU0 kI anya jina mUrtiyAM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM nirUpita haiM / jJAtavya hai ki jinoM ke nirUpaNa meM sarvadA yahI do mudrAeM prayukta huI haiM / mathurA meM kuSANakAla meM RSabha, sambhava, munisuvrata, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyAM, RSabha evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya, AyAgapaTa, jina caumukhI tathA sarasvatI evaM nagameSI kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM (citra 12, 16, 30, 34, 39, 66) / guptakAla meM mathurA evaM causA ke atirikta rAjagira, vidizA, vArANasI evaM akoTA se bhI jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 35) / isa kAla meM kevala jinoM kI svatantra evaM jina caumukhI mUrtiyAM hI utkIrNa huiiN| inameM RSabha, candraprabha, puSpadanta, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra kA nirUpaNa hai / zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyAM (akoTA, gujarAta) bhI sarvaprathama isI kAla meM banIM (citra 36) / la0 dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI jaina pratimAvijJAna kI prabhUta grantha evaM zilpa sAmagrI prApta hotI hai / sarvAdhika jaina mandira aura phalataH mUrtiyAM bhI dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 zvetAMbara evaM anya kSetroM meM digaMbara sampradAya kI mUrtiyoM kI pradhAnatA hai| ke madhya bneN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara jaina

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niSkarSa ] 249 mandiroM meM 24 devakulikAoM ko saMyukta kara unameM 24 jinoM kI mUrtiyAM sthApita karane kI paramparA lokapriya huI | utkIrNa huIM jinameM svatantra tathA dvitIrthI, zvetAMbara sthaloM para ekarasatA aura digaMbara pIThikA -lekhoM meM jinoM ke nAmollekha tathA zvetAMbara sthaloM kI tulanA meM digaMbara sthaloM para jinoM kI adhika mUrtiyAM tritIrthI evaM caumukhI mUrtiyAM haiM / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se jinoM ke nirUpaNa meM sthaloM para vividhatA dRSTigata hotI hai| zvetAMbara sthaloM para jina mUrtiyoM ke digaMbara sthaloM para unake lAMchanoM ke aMkana kI paramparA dRSTigata hotI hai| jinoM ke jIvana-dRzyoM evaM samavasaraNoM ke aMkana ke udAharaNa kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM para hI sulabha haiM / ye udAharaNa (11 vIM - 13 vIM zatI I0 ) osiyA, kumbhAriyA, AbU (vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI) evaM jAlora se mile haiM (citra 13, 14, 22, 29, 40, 41) / zvetAMbara sthaloM para jinoM ke bAda 16 mahAvidyAoM aura digaMbara sthaloM para yakSa-yakSiyoM ke citraNa sarvAdhika lokapriya the / 16 mahAvidyAoM meM rohiNI, vajjAMkuzI, vajrazRMkhalA, apraticakrA, acchuptA evaM vairoTyA kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM milI haiM / zAntidevI, brahmazAnti yakSa, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, gaNeza evaM 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA ke sAmUhika aMkana (10 vIM -12 vIM zatI I0) bhI zvetAMbara sthaloM para hI lokapriya the / sarasvatI, balarAma, kRSNa, aSTadikpAla, navagraha evaM kSetrapAla Adi kI mUrtiyAM zvetAMbara aura digaMbara donoM hI sthaloM para utkIrNa huI / zvetAMbara sthaloM para aneka aisI deviyoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM dRSTigata hotI haiM, jinakA jaina paramparA meM anullekha hai / inameM hindU zivA aura kaumArI tathA jaina sarvAnubhUti ke lakSaNoM ke prabhAvavAlI deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM sabase adhika haiM / jaina yugaloM aura rAma-sItA tathA rohiNI, manovegA, gaurI, gAndhArI yakSiyoM aura garuDa yakSa kI mUrtiyAM kevala digaMbara sthaloM se hI milI haiM / digaMbara sthaloM se paramparA viruddha aura paramparA meM avarNita donoM prakAra kI kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiM / dvitorthI, tritIrtho jina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana aura do udAharaNoM meM tritIrthoM mUrtiyoM meM sarasvatI aura bAhubalI kA aMkana, bAhubalI evaM ambikA kI do mUrtiyoM (devagar3ha evaM khajurAho ) meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana tathA RSabha kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke sAtha hI ambikA, lakSmI evaM sarasvatI Adi kA aMkana isa koTi ke kucha pramukha udAharaNa haiM (citra 60-65, 75) / zvetAMbara aura digaMbara sthaloM kI zilpa-sAmagrI ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki puruSa devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM deviyoM kI tulanA meM nagaNya haiN| jaina kalA meM deviyoM kI vizeSa lokapriyatA tAntrika prabhAva kA pariNAma ho sakatI hai / pAMcavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka jaina devakula kA mUlasvarUpa nirdhArita ho gayA thA, jisameM 24 jina, yakSa aura yakSiyAM, vidyAeM, sarasvatI, lakSmI, kRSNa, balarAma, rAma, naigameSI evaM anya zalAkApuruSa tathA kucha aura devatA sammilita the / isa kAla taka jaina- devakula ke sadasyoM ke kevala nAma aura kucha sAmAnya vizeSatAeM hI nirdhArita huIM / unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke vistRta ullekha AThavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke jaina granthoM meM hI milate haiM / pUrNaM vikasita jaina devakula meM 24 jinoM evaM anya zalAkApuruSoM sahita 24 yakSa-yakSI yugala, 16 vidyAeM, dikpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla, gaNeza, brahmazAnti yakSa, karpAdda yakSa, bAhubalI, 64-yoginI, zAntidevI, jinoM ke mAtA-pitA evaM paMcaparameSThi Adi sammilita haiM / zvetAMbara aura digaMbara sampradAyoM ke granthoM meM jaina devakula kA vikAsa bAhya dRSTi se samarUpa hai / kevala vibhinna devatAoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sandarbha meM hI donoM paramparAoM meM bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai / mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa, jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI mUrti evaM mallinAtha ke nArI tIrthaMkara hone ke ullekha kevala zvetAMbara grantho meM hI prApta hote haiM / 24 jinoM kI kalpanA jaina dharma kI dhurI hai / I0 san ke prArambha ke pUrva hI 24 jinoM kI sUcI nirdhArita ho gaI thI / 24 jinoM kI prArambhika sUciyAM samavAyAMgasUtra, bhagavatIsUtra, kalpasUtra evaM paumacariya meM milatI haiM / zilpa meM jina mUrti kA utkIrNana la0 tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 meM prArambha huA / kalpasUtra meM RSabha, nemi, pArakhaM aura mahAvIra ke jIvana-vRttoM ke vistAra se ullekha haiM / paravartI granthoM meM bhI inhIM cAra jinoM kI sarvAdhika vistAra se carcA hai / zilpa meM bhI inhIM jinoM kA aMkana sabase pahale ( kuSANakAla meM) prArambha huA aura vibhinna sthaloM para Age bhI inhIM kI 32

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250 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM utkIrNaM huIM / mUrtiyoM ke AdhAra para lokapriyatA ke krama meM ye jina RSabha, pAkhaM, mahAvIra aura nemi haiM / yahAM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki ina jinoM kI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa hI unake yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ko bhI jaina paramparA aura zilpa meM sarvAdhika lokapriyatA milii| uparyukta jinoM ke bAda ajita, sambhava, supArzva, candraprama, zAnti evaM munisuvrata kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM bniiN| anya jinoM kI mUrtiyAM saMkhyA kI dRSTi se nagaNya haiM / tAtparya yaha ki uttara bhArata meM 24 meM se kevala 10 hI jinoM kA aMkana lokapriya thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM pArakhaM aura mahAvIra kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM milatI haiM / sarvaprathama pArzva kA lakSaNa spaSTa huA / jina mUrtiyoM meM la0 dUsarI pahalI zatI I0 pU0 meM pArzva ke sAtha zIrSa bhAga meM sAta sarpa phaNoM ke chatra kA pradarzana kiyA gayA / pArakhaM ke bAda mathurA evaM causA kI pahalI zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM RSabha ke sAtha jaTAoM kA pradarzana huA / kuSANa kAla meM hI mathurA meM nemi ke sAtha balarAma aura kRSNa kA aMkana huA / isa prakAra kuSANa kAla taka RSabha, nemi aura pArzva ke lakSaNa nizcita hue / mathurA meM kuSANa kAla meM sambhava, munisuvrata evaM mahAvIra kI bhI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa huIM, jinakI pahacAna pIThikA-lekhoM meM utkIrNa nAmoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai / mathurA meM hI kuSANa kAla meM sarvaprathama jina mUrtiyoM meM sAta prAtihAryo, dharmacakra, mAMgalika cihnoM evaM upAsakoM Adi kA aMkana huA / guptakAla meM jinoM ke sAtha sarvaprathama lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM evaM aSTa-prAtihAyoM kA aMkana prArambha huA / rAjagira evaM bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI kI nemi aura mahAvIra kI do mUrtiyoM meM pahalI bAra lAMchana kA, aura akoTA kI RSabha kI mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI (sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA) kA citraNa huA / gupta kAla meM siMhAsana ke choroM evaM parikara meM choTI jina mUrtiyoM kA bhI aMkana prArambha huA / akoTA kI zvetAMbara jina mUrtiyoM meM pahalI bAra pIThikA ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora do mRgoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA jo sambhavataH bauddha kalA kA prabhAva hai / la0 AThavIM navIM zatI I0 meM 24 jinoM ke svatantra lAMchanoM kI sUcI banI, jo kahAcalo, pravacanasAroddhAra evaM tiloyapaNNatta meM surakSita hai / khetAMbara aura digaMbara paramparAoM meM supArzva, zItala, ananta evaM aranAtha ke atirikta anya jinoM ke lAMchanoM meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai / mUrtiyoM meM supArzva tathA pArzva ke sAtha kramazaH svastika aura sarpa lAMchanoM kA aMkana durlabha hai kyoMki pAMca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM ke pradarzana ke bAda jinoM kI pahacAna ke lie lAMchanoM kA pradarzana Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gyaa| para jaTAoM se zobhita RSabha ke sAtha vRSabha lAMchana kA citraNa niyamita thA kyoMki AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke digaMbara sthaloM para RSabha ke sAtha-sAtha anya jinoM ke sAtha bhI jaTAeM pradarzita kI gayIM haiM / la0 navIM dasavIM zatI I0 taka mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se jina mUrtiyAM pUrNataH vikasita ho giiN| pUrNa vikasita jina mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSI yugaloM evaM aSTa-prAtihAryo ke sAtha hI parikara meM choTI jina mUrtiyoM, navagrahoM, gajAkRtiyoM, dharmacakra, vidyAoM evaM anya AkRtiyoM kA aMkana huA (citra 7) / siMhAsana ke madhya meM padma se yukta zAntidevI tathA gajoM evaM mRgoM kA nirUpaNa kevala zvetAMbara sthaloM para lokapriya thA (citra 20, 21) / gyArahavIM se terahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya zvetAMbara sthaloM para RSabha, zAnti, munisuvrata, nemi, pArkha evaM mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzyoM kA vizada aMkana bhI huA, jisake udAharaNa osiyA kI devakulikAoM, kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM, jAlora ke pArzvanAtha mandira aura AbU ke vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI se mile haiN| inameM jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM (cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya, nirvANa) evaM kucha anya mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM ko darazAyA gayA hai, jinameM bharata aura bAhubalI ke yuddha, zAnti ke pUrvajanma meM kapota kI prANarakSA kI kathA, nemi ke vivAha, munisuvrata ke jIvana kI azvAvabodha aura zakunikA - vihAra kI kathAeM tathA pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke upasagaM pramukha haiM / uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza ke digaMbara sthaloM para madhyayuga meM nemi ke sAtha balarAma aura kRSNa, pArzva ke sAtha sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle cAmaradhArI dharaNa evaM chatradhAriNI padmAvatI tathA jina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM bAhubalI, jIvantasvAmI,

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251 niSkarSa ] kSetrapAla, sarasvatI, lakSmI Adi ke aMkana vizeSa lokapriya the (citra 27, 28) / bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla kI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, siMhAsana, dharmacakra, gajoM, dundubhivAdakoM Adi kA aMkana lokapriya nahIM thA / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM ke parikara meM 23 yA 24 choTI jina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana prArambha huaa| baMgAla kI choTI jina mUrtiyAM adhikAMzata: lAMchanoM se yukta haiM (citra 9 ) / jaina granthoM meM dvitIrthI evaM tritIrthI jina mUrtiyoM ke ullekha nahIM milate | para digaMbara sthaloM para, mukhyataH devagar3ha evaM khajurAho meM, navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya inakA utkIrNana huaa| ina mUrtiyoM meM do yA tIna bhinna jinoM ko eka sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / jina caumukhI mUrtiyoM kA utkIrNana pahalI zatI I0 meM mathurA meM prArambha huA aura Age kI zatAbdiyoM meM bhI lokapriya rahA ( citra 66 - 69 ) / caumukhI mUrtiyoM meM cAra dizAoM meM cAra dhyAnastha yA kAyotsargaM jina mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hotI haiN| ina mUrtiyoM ko do mukhya vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| pahale varga meM ve mUrtiyAM haiM jinameM cAroM ora eka hI jina kI cAra mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiN| isa varga kI mUrtiyAM samavasaraNa kI dhAraNA se prabhAvita haiM aura la0 sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI I0 meM inakA nirmANa huaa| dUsare varga kI mUrtiyoM meM cAroM ora cAra alaga-alaga jinoM kI cAra mUrtiyAM haiM / mathurA kI kuSANa kAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyAM isI varga kI haiN| mathurA kI kuSANa kAlIna caumukhI mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI isa varga kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM kevala RSabha aura pArzva kI hI pahacAna sambhava hai / kucha mUrtiyoM meM ajita, sambhava, supAkhaM, candraprama nemi, zAnti evaM mahAvIra bhI nirUpita haiN| baMgAla meM cAroM jinoM ke sAtha lAMchanoM aura devagar3ha evaM vimalavasahI meM yakSayakSa yugaloM kA citraNa prApta hotA hai / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 meM caturviMzati- jina paTToM kA nirmANa prArambha huA / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka viziSTa paTTa devagar3ha meM hai / bhagavatI sUtra, tatvArtha sUtra, antagar3abasAo evaM paumacariya jaise prArambhika jaina granthoM meM yakSoM ke pracura ullekha haiN| inameM mANibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSoM aura bahuputrikA yakSI kI sarvAdhika carcA hai / jinoM se saMzliSTa prAcInatama yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA haiM, jinakI kalpanA prAcIna paramparA ke mANibhadra - pUrNabhadra yakSoM aura bahuputrikA yakSI se prabhAvita hai / ' la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM zilpa meM jinoM ke zAsana aura upAsaka devoM ke rUpa meM yakSa aura yakSI kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA / yakSa evaM yakSI ko jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana yA pIThikA ke kramazaH dAyeM aura bAyeM choroM para aMkita kiyA gayA / la0 chaThI se navIM zatI I0 taka ke granthoM meM kevala yakSarAja ( sarvAnubhUti), dharaNendra, cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI kI hI kucha lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke ullekha haiM / 24 jinoM ke svatantra yakSI - yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI la0 AThavIMnavIM zatI I0 meM nirdhArita huI / sabase prArambha kI sUciyAM kahAvalI, tiloyapaNAtta aura pravacanasAroddhAra meM haiM / 24 yakSa- yakSI yugaloM kI svatantra lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM niyata huIM jinake ullekha nirvANakalikA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha tathA anya kaI granthoM meM haiM / zvetAMbara granthoM meM digaMbara paramparA ke kucha pUrva hI yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nizcita ho gayIM thiiN| donoM paramparAoM meM yakSa evaM yakSiyoM ke nAmoM aura unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se paryApta bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai / digaMbara granthoM meM yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke nAma aura unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM zvetAMbara granthoM kI apekSA sthira aura ekarUpa haiM / donoM paramparAoM kI sUciyoM meM mAtaMga, yakSezvara evaM Izvara yakSoM tathA naradattA, mAnavI, acyutA evaM kucha anya yakSiyoM ke nAmollekha eka se adhika jinoM ke sAtha kiye gaye haiM / bhRkuTi kA yakSa aura yakSI donoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 24 yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM se adhikAMza ke nAma evaM unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM hindU aura kucha udAharaNoM meM bauddha devakula se prabhAvita haiM / hindU devakula se prabhAvita yakSa-yakSI yugala tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjya haiN| pahalI koTi meM aise yakSa yakSI yugala haiM jinake mUla devatA Apasa meM kisI prakAra sambandhita nahIM haiM / adhikAMza yakSa-yakSI yugala isI varga ke haiN| 1 zAha, yU0pI0, 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o060, khaM0 3, aM0 1, pR0 61-62 / sarvAnubhUti ko mAtaMga, gomedha yA kubera bhI kahA gayA hai /

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252 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna dUsarI koTi meM aise yakSa-yakSI yugala haiM jo mUlarUpa meM hindU devakula meM bhI Apasa meM sambandhita haiM, jaise zreyAMzanAtha ke Izvara evaM gaurI yakSa-yakSI yugala / tIsarI koTi meM aise yakSa-yakSI yugala haiM jinameM yakSa eka aura yakSI dUsare svatantra sampradAya ke devatA se prabhAvita haiM / RSabhanAtha ke gomukha yakSa evaM cakrezvarI yakSI isI koTi ke haiM, jo ziva aura vaiSNavI se prabhAvita haiM; ziva aura vaiSNavI kramazaH zaiva evaM vaiSNava dharma ke pratinidhi deva haiM / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM sarvaprathama sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ko akoTA meM mUrta abhivyakti milii| isake bAda dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyAM banIM aura la0 dasavIM zatI I0 se anya yakSa-yakSiyoM kI bhI mUrtiyAM banane lagIM / la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM meM aura la0 navIM zatI I0 meM svatantra mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA / " la0 chaThI se navIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pAzvaM evaM kucha anya jinoM kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA hI AmUrtita haiM / la0 dasavIM zatI I0 se RSabha, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA ke sthAna para pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA nirUpaNa prArambha huA, jisake mukhya udAharaNa devagar3ha, gyArasapura, khajurAho evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiM / ina sthaloM ko dasavIM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM RSabha aura nemi ke sAtha kramazaH gomukha cakrezvarI aura sarvAnubhUti-ambikA tathA zAnti, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / navIM zatI I0 ke bAda bihAra, ur3IsA aura baMgAla ke atirikta anya sabhI kSetroM kI jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSayakSa yugaloM kA niyamita aMkana huA hai / svatantra aMkanoM meM yakSa kI tulanA meM yakSiyoM ke citraNa adhika lokapriya the / 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkana ke hameM tIna udAharaNa mile haiM, para 24 yakSoM ke sAmUhika citraNa kA sambhavataH koI prayAsa hI nahIM kiyA gayA / yakSoM kI kevala dvibhujI ora caturbhujI mUrtiyAM banIM, para yakSiyoM kI do se bIsa bhujAoM taka kI mUrtiyAM milI haiM / yakSa aura yakSiyoM kI sarvAdhika jina-saMyukta aura svatantra mUrtiyAM uttarapradeza evaM madhyapradeza ke digaMbara sthaloM para utkIrNa huIM / ataH yakSa evaM yakSiyoM ke mUrtivijJAnaparaka vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se isa kSetra kA vizeSa mahatva hai / isa kSetra meM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya RSabha, nemi evaM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika aura supArzva, candraprabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yugala nirUpita hue / anya jinoM ke yakSa-yakSI dvibhuja aura sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle haiN| isa kSetra meM cakrezvarI evaM ambikA kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM banIM ( citra 44 - 46, 50, 51) / sAtha hI rohiNI, manovegA, gaurI, gAndhArI, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA ko bhI kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 47, 55) / cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika vikAsa dRSTigata hotA hai / yakSoM meM kevala sarvAnubhUti, garuDa (?) evaM dharaNendra kI hI kucha svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 49 ) / isa kSetra meM 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkana ke bhI do udAharaNa haiM jo devagar3ha ( mandira 12, 862 I0) evaM patiyAnadAI (ambikA mUrti, 11vIM zatI I0) se mile haiM (citra 53) / devagar3ha ke udAharaNa meM ambikA ke atirikta anya kisI yakSI ke sAtha pAramparika vizeSatAeM nahIM pradarzita haiM / devagar3ha samUha kI adhikAMza yakSiyAM sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAlI aura samarUpa, tathA kucha anya jaina mahAvidyAoM evaM sarasvatI Adi ke svarUpoM se prabhAvita haiM / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM ambikA kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM banIM ( citra 54 ) / cakrezvarI, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA kI bhI kucha mUrtiyAM milI haiM (citra 56 ) / yakSoM meM kevala gomukha, varuNa (?), sarvAnubhUti evaM pArzva kI hI svatantra mUrtiyAM haiM (citra 43) / sarvAnubhUti kI mUrtiyAM sarvAdhika haiM / isa kSetra meM chaThI se bArahavIM zatI I0 taka sabhI jinoM ke sAtha eka hI yakSa-yakSo yugala, sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA, nirUpita haiM / kevala kucha udAharaNoM meM RSabha, pAda evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI utkIrNa haiM / 1 kevala akoTA se chaThI zatI I0 ke anta kI eka svatantra ambikA mUrti milI hai /

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niSkarSa ] 253 bihAra, ur3IsA evaM baMgAla meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM nagaNya haiM / kevala cakrezvarI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI (?) kI kucha svatantra mUrtiyAM milI haiN| ur3IsA kI navamuni evaM bArabhujo guphAoM (11 vI-12 vIM zatI I0) meM kramazaH sAta aura caubIsa yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM utkIrNa haiM (citra 59) / dakSiNa bhArata meM gomukha, kubera, dharaNendra evaM mAtaMga yakSoM tathA cakrezvarI, jvAlAmAlinI, ambikA, padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyAM bniiN| yakSiyoM meM jvAlAmAlinI, ambikA evaM padmAvatI sarvAdhika lokapriya thiiN| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM 24 jinoM sahita jina 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke ullekha haiM, unakI sUcI sadaiva sthira rahI hai| isa sUcI meM 24 jinoM ke atirikta 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva sammilita haiN| jaina zilpa meM 24 jinoM ke atirikta anya zalAkApuruSoM meM se kavala bala goM ke atirikta anya zalAkApuruSoM meM se kevala balarAma, kRSNa, rAma aura bharata kI hI mUrtiyAM milatI haiN| balarAma aura kRSNa ke aMkana kuSANa yuga meM tathA rAma aura bharata ke aMkana dasavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM hue / zrIlakSmI aura sarasvatI ke ullekha prArambhika jaina granthoM meM haiN| sarasvatI kA aMkana kuSANa yuga meM aura zrI lakSmI kA aMkana dasavIM zatI I0 meM huA / jaina paramparA meM indra kA jinoM ke pradhAna sevaka ke rUpa meM ullekha hai aura usakI mUrtiyAM gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM bniiN| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM ullikhita naigameSI ko kuSANa kAla meM hI mUrta abhivyakti milI / zAntidevI, gaNeza, brahmazAnti evaM kapardi yakSoM ke ullekha aura unakI mUrtiyAM dasavIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI haiM (citra 77) / jaina devakula meM jinoM evaM yakSa-yakSiyoM ke bAda sarvAdhika pratiSThA vidyAoM ko milI / sthAnAMgasUtra, sUtrakRtAMga, nAyAdhammakahAo aura paumacariya jaise prArambhika evaM harivaMzapurANa, vasudevahiNDI aura triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra jaise paravartI (chaThI-12 vIM zatI I0) granthoM meM vidyAoM ke aneka ullekha haiN| jaina granthoM meM varNita aneka vidyAoM meM se 16 vidyAoM ko lekara la. navIM zatI I0 meM 16 vidyAoM kI eka sUcI nirdhArita huI / la0 navIM se bArahavIM zatI I0 ke madhya inhIM 16 vidyAoM ke granthoM meM pratimAlakSaNa nirdhArita hue aura zilpa meM mUrtiyAM banIM / 16 vidyAoM kI prArambhikatama sUciyAM tijayapahutta (9 vIM zatI I0), saMhitAsAra (939 I0) evaM stuti caturvizatikA (la0 973 I0) meM haiN| bappaTTisUri kI caturvizatikA (743-838 I0 ) meM sarvaprathama 16 meM se 15 vidyAoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAeM nirUpita hii| sabhI 16 vidyAoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA nirdhAraNa sarvaprathama zobhanamuni kI stuti catuvizatikA meM huA / vidyAoM kI prAcInatama mUrtiyAM osiyA ke mahAvIra mandira (la0 8 vIM-9 vIM zatI I0) se milI haiN| navIM se terahavIM zatI I. ke madhya gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zvetAMbara jaina mandiroM meM vidyAoM kI aneka mUrtiyAM utkIrNa hii| 16 vidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa ke bhI prayAsa kiye gaye jisake cAra udAharaNa kramaza: kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira (11 vIM zatI I0) aura AbU ke vimalavasahI (do udAharaNa : raMgamaNDapa aura devakulikA 41, 12 vIM zatI I0) evaM lUNavasahI (raMgamaNDapa, 1230 I0) se mile haiM (citra 78) / digaMbara sthaloM para vidyAoM ke citraNa kA ekamAtra sambhAvita udAharaNa khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira kI bhitti para hai|

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pariziSTa pariziSTa-1 jina-mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA saM0 jina lAMchana yakSa yakSI vRSabha gomukha 1 RSabhanAtha (yA AdinAtha) 2 ajitanAtha 3 sambhavanAtha 4 abhinandana gaja azva kapi cakrezvarI (zve0, di0)', apraticakkA (zve.) ajitA (zve0), rohiNI (di.) duritArI (zve0), prajJapti (di0) kAlikA (zve0), vajrazRMkhalA (di0) mahAyakSa trimukha yakSezvara (zve0, di0), Izvara (zve.) tumbaru (zve0, di0), tumbara (di.) kusuma (zve0), puSpa (di.) 5 sumatinAtha krauMca 6 padmaprabha padma mahAkAlI (zve0), puruSadattA, naradattA (di0), sammohinI (zve.) acyutA, mAnasI (zve0), manovegA (di.) zAntA (zve0), kAlI (di.) 7 supAzvanAtha mAtaMga svastika (zve0, di0), naMdyAvata (di0) zazi 8 candraprabha vijaya (zve0), zyAma (di0) ajita (zve0, di0), bhRkuTi, jvAlA (zve0),jvAlAmAlinI, jvAlinI (di0) sutArA (zve0), mahAkAlI (di0) makara 9 suvidhinAtha (zve0), puSpadaMta (zve0, di0) 10 zItalanAtha jaya azokA (zve0), mAnavI (di0) 11 zreyAMzanAtha zrIvatsa (zve0,di0) brahma svastika (di0) khaDgI (geMDA) Izvara (zve0, di0), yakSarAja, manuja (zve0) kumAra mAnavI, zrIvatsA (zve0), gaurI (di0) 12 vAsupUjya mahiSa caNDA, pracaNDA, ajitA, candrA (zve0), gAndhArI (di0) viditA (zve0), vairoTI (di0) 13 vimalanAtha 14 anantanAtha aMkuzA (zve0), anantamatI (di0) varAha SaNmukha (zve0, di0), caturmukha (di0) zyenapakSI (zve0), pAtAla rIcha (di0) vaja kinnara garur3a chAga gandharva 15 dharmanAtha 16 zAntinAtha 17 kuMthunAtha mRga kandarpA, pannagA (zve0), mAnasI (di0) nirvANI (zve0), mahAmAnasI (di0) balA, acyutA, gAndhAriNI (zve0), jayA (di0) 1 zve0 =zvetAMbara, di0=digaMbara

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pariziSTa - 1 ] saM0 18 aranAtha jina lAMchana nandyAvataM ( khe0), matsya ( di0) kalaza 19 mallinAtha 20 munisuvrata kUrmaM 21 naminAtha nIlotpala 22 neminAtha zaMkha ( yA ariSTanemi ) 23 pArzvanAtha sarpa 24 mahAvIra (yA vardhamAna) siMha yakSI yakSendra, yakSezvara ( rakhe 0 ), dhAraNI, dhAriNI ( khe0 ), tArAvatI khendra (di0) ( di0) kubera varuNa bhRkuTi gomedha yakSa 255 vairoTyA, dharaNa priyA (0), aparAjitA (di0) pArzva, vAmana (zve 0 ), padmAvatI dharaNa ( di0) mAtaMga naradattA, varadattA (zve 0 ), bahurUpiNI (di0) gAMdhArI (zve0), cAmuNDA (di0) ambikA (zve0, di0 ), kuSmANDI ( khe0), kuSmANDinI (di0) siddhAyikA (zve0, di0 ), siddhAyinI (di0)

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pariziSTa-2 yakSa-yakSI-bhUtivijJAna-tAlikA (ka) 24-yakSa saM0 yakSa 1 gomukha-(ka) zve. (kha) di0 2 mahAyakSa-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 ATha 3 trimukha-(ka) zve. vAhana bhujA-saM0 Ayudha anya lakSaNa gaja cAra | varadamudrA, akSamAlA, mAtuliMga, pAza | gomukha, pAvoM meM gaja evaM (yA vRSama) vRSabha kA aMkana vRSabha cAra | parazu, phala, akSamAlA, varadamudrA zIrSamAga meM dharmacakra gaja ATha varadamudrA, mudgara, akSamAlA, pAza | caturmukha ( dakSiNa ); mAtuliMga, abhayamudrA, aMkuza, zakti (vAma) khaDga (nistriza), daNDa, parazu, caturmukha varadamudrA (dakSiNa); cakra, trizUla, padma, aMkuza (vAma) mayUra | chaha nakula, gadA, abhayamudrA (dakSiNa); | trimukha, trinetra (yA navAkSa) (yA sarpa) phala, sarpa, akSamAlA (vAma) | mayUra daNDa, trizUla, kaTAra (dakSiNa); cakra, | trimukha, trinetra khaDga, aMkuza (vAma) phala, akSamAlA, nakula, aMkuza cAra saMkapatra (yA bANa), khaDga, kArmuka, | caturAnana (yA haMsa) kheTaka / sarpa, pAza, vajra, aMkuza (aparAjitapucchA) garuDa cAra varadamudrA, zakti, nAga (yA gadA), pAza nAgayajJopavIta garuDa sapaM, sarpa, varadamudrA, phala cAra (kha) di0 gaja cAra 4 (i) Izvara-zve0 (ii) yakSezvara-di. gaja 5 tumbaru-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 6 kusuma (yA puSpa) (ka) zve0 (kha) di. mRga (yA mayUra cAra yA azva) mRga do yA cAra 7 mAtaMga-(ka) zve0 cAra phala, abhayamudrA, nakula, akSamAlA (i) gadA, akSamAlA (ii) zUla, mudrA, kheTaka, abhayamudrA (yA kheTaka) bilvaphala, pAza (yA nAgapAza), nakula (yA vajra), aMkuza vana (yA zala), daNDa / gadA, pAza (aparAjitapRcchA) cakra (yA khaDga), mudgara trinetra | phala, akSamAlA, parazu, varadamudrA trinetra (kha) di0 siMha | do (yA meSa) haMsa | do 8 (i) vijaya-zve0 (ii) zyAma-di0 kapota

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pariziSTa-2] 257 saM0 yakSa yakSa 9 ajita-(ka) zve0 vAhana kUrma (kha) di0 10 brahma-(ka) zve. padma (kha) di0 saroja ATha vRSabha 11 Izvara-(ka) zve. (kha) di0 trinetra vRSabha cA sa 12 kumAra-(ka) zve. cAra (kha) di0 bhujA-saM0 Ayudha anya lakSaNa cAra mAtuliMga, akSasUtra (yA abhayamudrA), | nakula, zUla (yA atula ralarAzi) cAra phala, akSasUtra, zakti, varadamudrA ATha yA mAtuliMga, mudgara, pAza, abhayamudrA | trinetra, caturmukha dasa yA varadamudrA (dakSiNa); nakula, gadA, aMkuza, akSasUtra (vAma); mAtuliMga, mudgara, pAza, abhayamudrA, nakula, gadA, aMkuza, akSasUtra, pAza, padma (AcAradinakara) bANa, khaDga, varadamudrA, dhanuSa, daNDa, | caturmukha kheTaka, parazu, vaja mAtuliMga, gadA, nakula, akSasUtra phala, akSasUtra, trizUla, daNDa (yA | trinetra varadamudrA) bIjapUraka, bANa (yA vINA), nakula, dhanuSa varadamudrA, gadA, dhanuSa, phala | trimukha yA SaNmukha (pratiSThAsAroddhAra); bANa, gadA, varadamudrA, dhanuSa, nakula, mAtuliMga (pratiSThAtilakam) bAraha phala, cakra, bANa (yA zakti), khaDga, pAza, akSamAlA, nakula, cakra, dhanuSa, phalaka, aMkuza, abhayamudrA bAraha Upara ke ATha hAthoM meM parazu aura zeSa cAra meM khaDga, akSasUtra, kheTaka, daNDamudrA padma, khaDga, pAza, nakula, phalaka, trimukha, trinetra akSasUtra aMkuza, zUla, padma, kaSA, halaM, phala / trimukha, zIrSabhAga meM vajra, aMkuza, dhanuSa, bANa, phala, trisapaMphaNa varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) bIjapUraka, gadA, abhayamudrA, nakula, | trimukha padma, akSamAlA mudgara, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, cakra, trimukha vaja, aMkuza; pAza, aMkuza, dhanuSa,bANa, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapacchA) 13 (i) SaNmukha-zve. (i) catumuMkha-di0 14 pAtAla-(ka) zve. (kha) di0 15 kinnara-(ka) zve0 (kha) di.

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258 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna Ayudha anya lakSaNa saM0 yakSa 16 garuDa-(ka) zve. varAha | vAhana bhujA-saM0 | cAra (yA gaja) varAha cAra (yA zuka) (kha) di. bIjapUraka, padma, nakula (yA pAza), varAhamukha akSasUtra vaja, cakra, padma, phl| pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapacchA) varadamudrA, pAza, mAtuliMga, aMkuza cAra 17 gandharva-(ka) zve0 (kha) di. haMsa (yA siMha ?) pakSI (yA zuka) in cAra 18 (1) yakSendra-zve. zaMkha (yA | bAraha vRSabha yA zeSa) sarpa, pAza, bANa, dhanuSa; padma, abhayamudrA, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga, bANa (yA kapAla),khaDga, | SaNmukha, trinetra mudgara, pAza (yA zUla), abhayamudrA, nakula, dhanuSa, kheTaka, zUla, aMkuza, akSasUtra bANa, padma, phala, mAlA, akSamAlA, | SaNmukha, trinetra lIlAmudrA, dhanuSa, vajra, pAza, mudgara, aMkuza, vrdmudraa| vajra, cakra, dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) (ii) khendra yA yakSeza-di0 zaMkha bAraha (yA khara) yA chaha 19 kubera yA yakSeza (ka) zve0 gaja | ATha (kha) di0 gaja ATha (yA siMha) / yA cAra vRSabha ATha 20 varuNa-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 vRSabha cAra varadamudrA, parazu, zUla, abhayamudrA, | caturmukha, garuDavadana bIjapUraka, zakti, mudgara, akSasUtra | (nirvANakalikA) phalaka, dhanuSa, daNDa, padma, khaDga, | caturmukha bANa, pAza, vrdmudraa| pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga, gadA, bANa, zakti, nakulaka, jaTAmukuTa, trinetra, caturmukha, padma (yA akSamAlA), dhanuSa, parazu | dvAdazAkSa (AcAradinakara) kheTaka, khaDga, phala, vrdmudraa| | | jaTAmukuTa, trinetra, pAza, aMkuza, kArmuka, zara, uraga, aSTAnana vajra (aparAjitapRcchA) mAtuliMga, zakti, mudgara, abhayamudrA, | caturmukha, trinetra (dvAdazAkSanakula, parazu, vajra, akSasUtra AcAradinakara) kheTaka, khaDga, dhanuSa, bANa, aMkuza, caturmukha padma, cakra, varadamudrA mAtuliMga, parazu, cakra, nakula, zUla, | trimUkha, samIpa hI zakti ambikA ke nirUpaNa kA nirdeza (AcAradinakara) . yA chaha ATha 21 bhRkuSTi-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 ATha 22 gomedha-(ka) zve. chaha

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pariziSTa - 2 ] saM0 yakSa (kha) di0 23 () pArakhaM dave 0 - (ii) dharaNa - di0 24 mAtaMga (ka) ve0 (kha) di0 vAhana puSpa ( yA nara) kUrma kUrmaM gaja gaja bhujA-saM0 chaha cAra cAra yA chaha to to | Ayudha mudgara ( yA duSaNa), parazu daNDa trimukha phala, vajra, varadamudrA / pratiSThAtilakam meM drughaNa ke sthAna para dhana ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| mAtuliMga, uraga ( yA gadA), nakula, uraga nAgapAza, sarpa, sarpa, varadamudrA / dhanuSa, bANa, bhRNDi, mudgara, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjita pucchA) nakula, bIjapUraka varadamudrA mAtuliMga C anya lakSaNa 259 gajamukha, sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta mastaka para dharmacakra

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yakSI 1 cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA) - (ka) zve 0 saM0 (kha) di0 2 (i) ajitA yA ajitabalA -zve 0 (ii) rohiNI - di0 3 (i) duritArI - 0 (ii) prajJapti - di0 4 (i) kAlikA kAlI ) - khe0 (ii) vajrazRMkhalA - di0 5 ( i ) mahAkAlI - khe0 ( yA (ii) puruSadattA ( yA naradattA) - di0 6 (i) acyutA ( yA zyAmA yA mAnasI ) - ve0 (ii) manovegA - di0 7 (i) zAntA - zve0 (ii) kAlI - di0 vAhana garuDa garuDa padma lohAsana ( yA gAya) lohAsana cAra meSa ( yA mayUra cAra yA mahiSa) pakSI haMsa padma gaja nara azva gaja pariziSTa - 2 yakSa-yakSa- mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA (kha) 24 - pakSI vRSabha bhujAsaM0 Ayudha ATha yA (i) varadamudrA, bANa, cakra, pAza (dakSiNa); dhanuSa, vajra, cakra, aMkuza (vAma) bAraha (ii) ATha hAthoM meM cakra, zeSa cAra meM se do meM vajra aura do meM mAtuliMga, abhayamudrA cAra yA (i) do meM cakra aura anya do meM mAtuliMga, bAraha cAra chaha cAra cAra cAra cAra cAra cAra cAra cAra varadamudrA (ii) ATha hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa cAra meM se do meM vajra aura do meM mAtuliMga aura varadamudrA ( yA abhayamudrA ) varadamudrA, pAza, aMkuza, phala varadamudrA, abhayamudrA, zaMkha, cakra varadamudrA, akSamAlA, phala ( yA sarpa), abhayamudrA arddhendu parazu, phala, varadamudrA, khaDga, ir3hI (yA piMDI) varadamudrA, pAza, sarpa, aMkuza varadamudrA, nAgapAza, akSamAlA, phala varadamudrA, pAza ( yA nAzapAza ), mAtuliMga, aMkuza varadamudrA, cakra, vajra, phala varadamudrA, vINA ( yA pAza yA bANa), dhanuSa ( yA mAtuliMga ), abhayamudrA ( yA aMkurA) varadamudrA, kheTaka, khaDga, mAtuliMga varadamudrA, akSamAlA (mukkAmAlA), zUla (yA trizUla), abhayamudrA, varadamudrA, akSamAlA, pAza, aMkuza ( mantrAdhirAjakalpa ) ghaNTA, trizUla ( yA zUla, phala, varadamudrA

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pariziSTa-2 saM0 yakSI 8 (1) bhRkuTi ( yA jvAlA) zve 0 (ii) jvAlAmAlinI - di0 mahiSa 9 ( 1 ) sutArA ( yA cANDAlikA) - zve0 (ii) mahAkAlI - di0 (ii) gaurI - di0 12 (i) caNDA ( yA pracaNDA yA ajitA ) - 0 (ii) gAndhArI - di0 kUrmaM 10 ( 1 ) azokA ( yA gome- padma dhikA) - zve0 (ii) mAnavI - di0 11 (i) mAnavI ( yA zrIvatsA) - ve 0 13 ( i ) viditA - zve0 (ii) vairoTyA vairoTI) - di 0 14 (i) aMkuzA - 0 vAhana varAha (yA varAla yA marAla yA haMsa) ( yA (ii) anantamatI - di0 15 (i) kandarpA (yA pannagA) - zve 0 (ii) mAnasI - di0 vRSabha mRga azva padma bhujA saM0 zUkara (nAga) cAra siMha cAra haMsa cAra matsya ATha vyAghra cAra cAra cAra padma (yA cAra yA do makara) padma cAra sarpa ( yA cAra yA vyomayAna) chaha cAra yA do cAra cAra cAra cAra chaha Ayudha khaDga, mudgara, phalaka ( yA mAtuliMga), parazu cakra, dhanuSa, pAza ( yA nAgapAza ), carmaM ( yA phalaka ), trizUla ( yA zUla), bANa, matsya, khaDga varadamudrA, akSamAlA, kalaza, aMkuza vajra, mudgara ( yA gadA), phala ( yA abhayamudrA), varadamudrA varadamudrA, pAza ( yA nAgapAza ), phala, aMkuza phala, varadamudrA, jhaSa, pAza varadamudrA mudgara ( yA pAza), kalaza ( yA vajra yA nakula ), aMkuza (yA akSa sUtra ) mudgara ( yA pAza), abja, kalaza (yA aMkuza ), varadamudrA varadamudrA, zakti, puSpa ( yA pAza), gadA musala, padma, varadamudrA, padma / padma, phala ( aparAjitapRcchA ) bANa, pAza, dhanuSa, sarpa sarpa, sarpa, dhanuSa, bANa | do meM varadamudrA, zeSa meM khaDga, kheTaka, kArmuka, zara ( aparAjitapucchA) khaDga, pAza, kheTaka, aMkuza / phalaka, aMkuza (padmAnanda mahAkAvya) dhanuSa, bANa, phala, varadamudrA utpala, aMkuza, padma, abhayamudrA do meM padma aura zeSa meM dhanuSa, varadamudrA, aMkuza, bANa | trizUla, pAza, cakra, Damaru, phala, ( aparAjita pRcchA) varadamudrA 261

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262 saM0 yakSI 16 (i) nirvANI - khe0 (ii) mahAmAnasI - di0 17 (i) balA - khe0 (ii) jayA - di0 19 (i) vairoTyA - khe0 20 (i) naradattA -zve 0 22 ( yA (ii) aparAjitA - di0 18 ( 1 ) dhAraNI ( yA kAlI ) - padma zve 0 (ii) tArAvatI vijayA) - di0 (ii) bahurUpiNI - di0 21 (i) gAndhArI ( yA mAlinI) - khe0 vAhana ambikA ( yA kuSmANDIyA AmrAdevI) - (ka) zve 0 padma mayUra mayUra ( yA cAra garuDa) zUkara bhujA-saM0 haMsa cAra siMha cAra cAra yA chaha haMsa ( yA cAra siMha) padma zarabha bhadrAsana ( yA siMha) kAlAnAga cAra cAra cAra cAra (ii) cAmuNDA ( yA kusuma- makara ( yA cAra yA mAlinI) - di0 markaTa) ATha cAra yA do cAra yA ATha cAra Ayudha pustaka, utpala, kamaNDalu, padma ( yA varadamudrA ) phala, sarpa (yA ir3hi yA khaDga ? ), cakra, varadamudrA bANa, dhanuSa, vajra, cakra (aparAjitapucchA) bIjapUraka, zUla ( yA trizUla), muSuNThi ( yA padma), padma zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, varadamudrA vajra, cakra, pAza, aMkuza, phala, varadamudrA (aparAjita pRcchA ) mAtuliMga, utpala, pAza (yA padma ), akSasUtra sarpa, vajra, mRga (yA cakra), (yA phala) varadamudrA varadamudrA, akSasUtra, mAtuliMga, zakti phala, khaDga, kheTaka, varadamudrA varadamudrA, akSasUtra, bIjapUraka, kumbha ( yA zUla yA trizUla ) kheTaka, khaDga, phala, varadamudrA khaDga, kheTaka (aparAjitapRcchA ) varadamudrA, khaDga, bIjapUraka, kumbha ( yA zUla yA phalaka ) akSamAlA, vajra, parazu, nakula, varadamAtuliMga mudrA, khaDga, kheTaka, (devatAmUrtiprakaraNa) daNDa, kheTaka, akSamAlA, khaDga zUla, khaDga, mudgara, pAza, vajra, cakra, Damaru, akSamAlA (aparAjita pRcchA) mAtuliMga ( yA Amralumbi), pAza, putra, aMkuza [ jaina pratimAvijJAna anya lakSaNa : eka putra samIpa hI nirUpita hogA

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pariziSTa - 2 ] saM0 23 yakSI (kha) di0 padmAvatI -(ka) khe0 (kha) di0 24 (i) siddhAyikA - khe0 (ii) siddhAyinI - di0 vAhana siMha kukkuTa sapaM cAra ( yA kukkuTa) padma ( yA kukkuTa yA kukkuTa) bhujA-saM0 do bhadrAsana ( yA siMha) cAra, chaha, caubosa siMha (yA cAra yA gaja) chaha do Ayudha Amralumbi, putra / phala, varadamudrA ( aparAjita pRcchA) padma, pAza, phala, aMkuza (i) aMkuza, akSasUtra ( yA pAza), padma, varadamudrA (ii) pArA, khaDga, zUla, ardhacandra, gadA, musala (iii) zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, ardhacandra, padma, utpala, dhanuSa, zakti, pAza, aMkuza, ghaNTA, bANa, musala, kheTaka, trizUla, parazu, kunta, bhiNDa, mAlA, phala, gadA, patra, pallava, varadamudrA pustaka, abhayamudrA, mAtuliMga ( yA pAza), bANa (yA vINA yA padma) / pustaka, abhayamudrA, varadamudrA, kharAyudha, vINA, phala ( mantrAdhirAjakalpa ) varadamudrA ( yA abhayamudrA ), pustaka, 4 263 anya lakSaNa dUsarA putra AmravRkSa kI chAyA meM avasthita yakSI ke samIpa hogA zIrSabhAga meM trisarpaNachatra zIrSabhAga meM tIna sarpaNoM kA chatra

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padma azva gaja pariziSTa-3 mahAvidyA-mUrtivijJAna-tAlikA saM0 mahAvidyA vAhana bhujA-saM0 AyuSa 1 rohiNI-(ka) zve0 gAya cAra zara, cApa, zaMkha, akSamAlA (kha) di0 cAra zaMkha (yA zUla), padma, phala, kalaza (yA varadamudrA) 2 prajJapti-(ka) zve0 mayUra varadamudrA, zakti, mAtuliMga, zakti (nirvANalikA); trizUla, daNDa, abhayamudrA, phala (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) (kha) di0 cAra cakra, khaDga, zaMkha, varadamudrA 3 vajrazRMkhalA-(ka) zve0 padma cAra varadamudrA, do hAthoM meM zRMkhalA, padma (yA gadA) (kha) di0 padma (yA gaja) cAra zRMkhalA, zaMkha, padma, phala 4 vajAMkuzA-(ka) zve0 / cAra varadamudrA, vana, phala, aMkuza (nirvANakalikA); khaDga, vajra, kheTaka, zUla (AcAradinakara); phala, akSamAlA, aMkuza, trizUla (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) (kha) di0 | puSpayAna (yA gaja) | cAra aMkuza, padma, phala, vaja 5 apraticakrA yA cakrezvarI-zve0 garuDa cAroM hAthoM meM cakra pradarzita hogA jAMbUnadA-di0 cAra khaDga, zUla, padma, phala 6 naradattA (yA puruSadattA) (ka) zve0 | mahiSa (yA padma) | cAra varadamudrA (yA abhayamudrA), khaDga, kheTaka, phala (kha) di. | cakravAka (kalahaMsa) cAra vajra, padma, zaMkha, phala 7 kAlI yA kAlikA(ka) zve0 akSamAlA, gadA, vaja, abhayamudrA (nirvANakalikA); trizUla, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, gadA (mantrAdhirAjakalpa) (kha) di0 cAra musala, khaDga, padma, phala 8 mahAkAlI-(ka) zve0 mAnava cAra vajra (yA padma), phala (yA abhayamudrA), ghaNTA, akSamAlA zarabha (aSTApadapazu) | cAra zara, kAmuka, asi, phala 9 gaurI-(ka) zve0 godhA (yA vRSama) cAra varadamudrA, musala (yA daNDa), akSamAlA, padma (kha) di0 . godhA hAthoM kI saM0] bhujAoM meM kevala padma ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai| kA anullekha 10 gAndhArI-(ka) zve0 padma cAra vaja (yA trizUla), musala (yA daNDa), abhayamudrA, varadamudrA (kha) di0 / pharma kUma / cAra hAthoM meM kevala cakra aura khaDga kA ullekha hai| cAra mayUra | padma cAra mRga (kha) di.

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pariziSTa-3] 265 Ayudha saM0 mahAvidyA vAhana bhujA-saM0 11 (i) sarvAstramahAjvAlA | zUkara (yA kalahaMsa | cAra yA jvAlA-zve0 yA billI) (ii) jvAlAmAlinI-di0 mahiSa ATha | do hAthoM meM jvAlA; yA cAroM hAthoM meM sarpa padama cAra 12 mAnavI-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 dhanuSa, khaDga, bANa (yA cakra), phalaka Adi / devI jvAlA se yukta hai| varadamudrA, pAza, akSamAlA, vRkSa (viTapa) matsya, trizUla, khaDga, eka bhujA kI sAmagrI kA anullekha hai sarpa, khaDga, kheTaka, sarpa (yA varadamudrA) zaMkara cAra 13 (i) vairoTyA-zve0 sarpa (yA garuDa yA siMha) siMha (ii) vairoTI-di0 14 (6) acchuptA-zve0 (ii) acyutA-di0 azva azva cAra 15 mAnasI-(ka) zve0 (kha) di0 / haMsa (yA siMha) cAra cAra karoM meM kevala sarpa ke pradarzana kA ullekha hai cAra zara, cApa, khaDga, kheTaka granthoM meM kevala khaDga aura vajra dhAraNa karane ke ullekha haiN| varadamudrA, vajra, akSamAlA, vaja (yA trizUla) hAthoM kI | do hAthoM ke namaskAra-mudrA meM hone kA ullekha hai| saMkhyA kA anullekha hai khaDga, kheTaka, jalapAtra, ratna (yA varada-yA-abhaya-mudrA) cAra devI ke hAtha praNAma-mudrA meM hoMge (pratiSThAsArasaMgraha); varadamudrA, akSamAlA, aMkuza, puSpa hAra (pratiSTAsAroddhAra | evaM pratiSTAtilakam) cAra 16 mahAmAnasI-(ka) zve0 siMha (yA makara) (kha) di0 34

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pariziSTa-4 pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA abhayamudrA : saMrakSaNa yA abhayadAna kI sUcaka eka hastamudrA jisameM dAhine hAtha kI khulI hathelI darzaka kI ora pradarzita hotI hai / dundubhi / aSTa- mahAprAtihArya : azoka vRkSa, divya-dhvani, surapuSpavRSTi, trichatra, siMhAsana, cAmaradhara, prabhAmaNDala evaM deva aSTamAMgalika cihna : svastika, zrIvatsa, nandyAvarta, vardhamAnaka, bhadrAsana, kalaza, darpaNa evaM matsya ( yA matsyayugma) / zvetAMbara aura digaMbara paramparA kI sUciyoM meM kucha mitratA dRSTigata hotI hai AyAgapaTa : jinoM (arhatoM) ke pUjana ke nimitta sthApita vargAkAra prastara paTTa jise lekhoM meM bhAyAgapaTa yA pUjAzilA paTa kahA gayA hai| ina para jinoM kI mAnava mUrtiyoM aura pratIkoM kA sAtha-sAtha aMkana huA hai / utsarpiNI-avarsApaNI : jaina kAlacakra kA vibhAjana / pratyeka yuga meM 24 jinoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / utsarpiNI dharma evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa kA aura avasarpiNI avasAna yA hrAsa kA yuga hai / vartamAna yuga avasarpiNI yuga hai / upasarga : pUrva janmoM kI vairI evaM duSTa AtmAoM tathA devatAoM dvArA jinoM kI tapasyA meM upasthita vighna / kAyotsarga - mudrA yA khaDgAsana : jinoM ke nirUpaNa se sambandhita mudrA jisameM samabhaMga meM khar3e jina kI donoM bhujAeM laMbavat ghuTanoM taka prasArita hotI haiN| donoM caraNa eka dUsare se aura hAtha zarIra se saTe hone ke sthAna para thor3A alaga hote haiM / jina : zAbdika artha vijetA, arthAt jisane karma aura vAsanA para vijaya prApta kara liyA ho| jina ko hI tIrthaMkara bhI kahA gyaa| jaina devakula ke pramukha ArAdhya deva / jina - caumukhI yA pratimA sarvatobhadrikA : vaha pratimA jo sabhI ora se zubha yA maMgalakArI hai / isameM eka hI zilAkhaNDa meM cAroM ora cAra jina pratimAeM dhyAnamudrA yA kAyotsargaM meM nirUpita hotI haiM / . jina cauvIsI yA catuvizati jina paTTa : 24 jinoM kI mUrtiyoM se yukta paTTa; yA mUlanAyaka ke parikara meM lAMchana-yukta yA lAMchana-vihIna anya 23 jinoM kI laghu mUrtiyoM se yukta jina cauvIsI / jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra : vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita mahAvIra kI tapasyArata kAyotsarga mUrti / mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM nirmita hone ke kAraNa jIvantasvAmI yA jIvitasvAmI saMjJA / digaMbara paramparA meM isakA anullekha hai / anya jinoM ke jIvantasvAmI svarUpa kI bhI kalpanA kI gaI / tIrthaMkara : kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammilita catuvidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke kAraNa jinoM ko tIrthaMkara kahA gayA / tritIrthI- jina-mUrti: ina mUrtiyoM meM tIna jinoM ko sAtha-sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA / pratyeka jina aSTa-prAtihAryo, yakSa - yakSI yugala evaM anya sAmAnya vizeSatAoM se yukta haiM / kucha meM bAhubalI aura sarasvatI bhI AmUrtita haiM / jaina paramparA ina mUrtiyoM kA anullekha hai / devatAoM ke caturvarga : bhavanavAsI ( eka sthala para nivAsa karane vAle), vyaMtara yA vANamantara ( bhramaNazIla ), jyotiSka (AkAzIya-nakSatra se sambandhita ) evaM vaimAnika yA vimAnavAsI (svarga ke devatA) /

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pariziSTa- 4 ] dvitIrthI- jina-mUrti: ina mUrtiyoM meM do jinoM ko sAtha-sAtha nirUpita kiyA gyaa| pratyeka jina aSTa-prAtihAryo, 'yugala aura anya sAmAnya vizeSatAoM se yukta haiM / jaina paramparA meM ina mUrtiyoM kA anullekha hai / yakSa-yakSI dhyAnamudrA yA paryaMkAsana yA padmAsana yA siddhAsana : jinoM ke donoM paira mor3akara (padmAsana) baiThane kI mudrA jisameM khulI huI hatheliyAM goda meM (bAyIM ke Upara dAhinI) rakhI hotI haiM / naMdIzvara dvIpa : jaina lokavidyA kA AThavAM aura antima mahAdvIpa, jo devatAoM kA Ananda sthala hai| yahAM 52 zAzvat jinAlaya haiM / paMcakalyANaka : pratyeka jina ke jIvana kI pAMca pramukha ghaTanAeM - cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya (jJAna) aura nirvANa (mokSa) / paMcaparameSThi : ahaMt (yA jina), siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / prathama do mukta AtmAeM haiM / ahaMt zarIradhArI haiN| para siddha nirAkAra haiM / parikara : jina-mUrti ke sAtha kI anya pAzvavartI yA sahAyaka AkRtiyAM / biba : pratimA yA mUrti / mAMgalika svapna : saMkhyA 14 yA 16 / zvetAMbara sUcI -gaja, vRSabha, siMha, zrIdevI ( yA mahAlakSmI yA padmA), puSpahAra, caMdramA, sUrya, siMhadhvaja daNDa, pUrNakumbha, padma sarovara, kSIrasamudra, devavimAna, ratnarAzi aura nirdhUma agni / digaMbara sUcI meM siMhadhvaja-daNDa ke sthAna para nAgendrabhavana kA ullekha hai tathA matsya yugala aura siMhAsana ko sammilita kara zubha svapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 batAI gaI hai / 267 mUlanAyaka : mukhya sthAna para sthApita pradhAna jina-mUrti / lalitamudrA yA lalitAsana yA ardhaparyaMkAsana : jaina mUrtiyoM meM sarvAdhika prayukta vizrAma kA eka Asana jisameM eka paira mor3akara pIThikA para rakhA hotA hai aura dUsarA pIThikA se nIce laTakatA hai / lAMchana : jinoM se sambandhita viziSTa lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para jinoM kI pahacAna sambhava hotI hai / varadamudrA : vara pradAna karane kI sUcaka hasta mudrA jisameM dAhine hAtha kI khulo hathelI bAhara kI ora pradarzita hotI hai aura uMgaliyAM nIce kI ora jhukI hotI haiM / zalAkApuruSa : aisI mahAna AtmAeM jinakA mokSa prApta karanA nizcita hai / jaina paramparA meM inakI saMkhyA 63 hai / 24 jinoM ke atirikta isameM 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva aura 9 prativAsudeva sammilita haiM / zAsanadevatA yA yakSa-yakSI : jina pratimAoM ke paramparA meM pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSa-yakSI yugala kI evaM rakSaka deva haiM / sAtha saMyukta rUpa se aMkita devoM meM sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa / jaina kalpanA kI gaI jo sambandhita jina ke catuvidha saMgha ke zAsaka samavasaraNa : devanirmita sabhA jahAM kevala jJAna ke pazcAt pratyeka jina apanA prathama upadeza dete haiM aura devatA, manuSya evaM pazu jagata ke sadasya ApasI kaTutA bhUlakara usakA zravaNa karate haiN| tIna prAcIroM tathA pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra praveza-dvAroM vAle isa bhavana meM sabase Upara pUrvAbhimukha jina kI dhyAnastha mUrti banI hotI hai / sahasrakUTa jinAlaya : pirAmiDa ke AkAra kI eka mandira anukRti jisa para eka sahasra yA aneka laghu jina AkRtiyAM banI hotI haiM /

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sandarbha-sUcI (ka) mUla graMtha-sUcI aMgavijjA, saM0 munipuNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad 1, banArasa, 1957 aMtagar3adasAo, saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pUnA, 1932; anu0 ela0 DI0 barneTa, vArANasI, 1973 (pu0 mu0 ) aparAjita pRcchA (bhuvanadeva kRta), saM0 popaTabhAI aMbAzaMkara mAMkaDa, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, khaNDa 115, bar3audA, 1950 abhidhAna - cintAmaNi (hemacaMdrakRta ), saM0 haragovinda dAsa becaradAsa tathA muni jinavijaya, bhAvanagara, bhAga 1, 1914; bhAga 2, 1919 AcAradinakara (vardhamAnasUrikRta), baMbaI, bhAga 2, 1923 AcArAMgasUtra, anu0 eca0 jaikobI, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaNDa 22, bhAga 1 ( AksaphorDa, 1884), dillI, 1973 (50 mu0 ) AdipurANa ( jinasenakRta), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrti devI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta grantha saMkhyA 8, vArANasI, 1963 AvazyakacUrNa (jinadAsagaNi mahattara kRta), ratalAma, khaNDa 1, 1928; khaNDa 2, 1929 Avazyaka sUtra (bhadrabAhukRta), malayagiri sUri kI TIkA sahita mAga 1, Agamodaya samiti grantha 56, baMbaI, 1928; bhAga 2, Agamodaya samiti grantha 60, sUrata, 1932 bhAga 3, devacaMdalAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra grantha 85, sUrata, 1936 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, anu0 eca jaikobI, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaNDa 45, bhAga 2, (AksaphorDa, 1895), dillI, 1973 (50 mu0 ); saM0 ratanalAla dozI, sailana (ma0 pra0 ) uvAsagaDasAo, saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, pUnA, 1930 kalpasUtra ( bhadrabAhukRta), anu0 eca0 jaikobI, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaNDa 22, bhAga 1 ( AksaphorDa, 1884), dillI, 1973 (pu0 mu0 ); saM0 devendra muni zAstrI, zivAna, 1968 kumArapAlacarita ( jayasiMhasUri kRta), nirNaya sAgara presa, baMbaI, 1926 caturviMzatikA (bappamaTTisUri kRta), anu0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA, baMbaI, 1926 candraprabhacaritra (vIranandi kRta), saM0 amRtalAla zAstrI, zolApura, 1971 jaina stotra sandoha, saM0 amaravijaya muni, khaNDa 1, ahamadAbAda, 1932 tattvArtha sUtra ( umAsvAti kRta), saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, banArasa, 1952 tilakamaMjarI-kathA (dhanapAla kRta), saM0 bhavadatta zAstrI tathA kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba, kAvyamAlA 85, baMbaI, 1903 tiloyapaNNatta ( yativRSabha kRta), saM0 AdinAtha upAdhye tathA hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 1, zolApura, 1943 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( hemacandrakRta ), anu0 helena ema0 jAnasana, gAyakavAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, khaNDa 1 ( 1931), khaNDa 2 (1937), khaNDa 3 (1949), khaNDa 4 (1954), khaNDa 5 (1962), khaNDa 6 (1962)

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sandarbha-sUcI ] 269 dasaveyAliya sutta, saM0 i0 lyUmana, ahamadAbAda, 1932 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa, saM0 upendra mohana sAMkhyatIrtha, saMskRta sirIja 12, kalakattA, 1936 nAyAdhammakahAo, saM0 ena0 vI0 vaidya, pUnA, 1940 nirvANakalikA ( pAdaliptasUri kRta ), saM0 mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, muni zrImohanalAlajI jaina granthamAlA 5, baMbaI, 1926 neminAtha carita (guNavijayasUri kRta), nirNayasAgara presa, baMbaI paumacariyama (vimalasUri kRta), bhAga 1, saM0 eca0 jaikobI, anu0 zAMtilAla ema0 vorA, prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI sirIja 6, vArANasI, 1962 padmapurANa (raviSeNa kRta), bhAga 1, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 20, vArANasI, 1958 padmAnandamahAkAvya yA caturvizati jina caritra (amaracandrasUri kRta), pANDulipi, lAla bhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda pArzvanAtha caritra (bhavadevasUri kRta), saM0 haragovinda dAsa tathA becara dAsa, vArANasI, 1911 pAsanAha cariu (padmakIrti kRta), saM0 praphullakumAra modI, prAkRta grantha sosAiTI, saMkhyA 8, vArANasI, 1965 pratiSThAtilakam (nemicaMdra kRta), zolApura pratiSThAparvana, anu0 je0 hArTela, lIpija, 1908 pratiSThApATha saTIka (jayasena kRta), anu0 hIrAcanda nemicanda dozI, zolApura, 1925 pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (vasunandi kRta), pANDulipi, lAlamAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda pratiSThAsAroddhAra (AzAdhara kRta), saM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, baMbaI, 1917 (vi0 saM0 1974) prabandhacintAmaNi (merutuMga kRta), bhAga 1, saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMghI jaina granthamAlA 1, zAntiniketana (baMgAla), 1933 prabhAvaka carita (prabhAcaMdra kRta), saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMghI jaina granthamAlA 13, kalakattA, 1940 pravacanasAroddhAra (nemicaMdrasUri kRta), siddhasenasUri kI TIkA sahita, anu0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMkhyA 58, baMbaI, 1928 bRhatsaMhitA (varAhamihira kRta), saM0 e0 jhA, vArANasI, 1959 bhagavatIsUtra (gaNadhara sudharmasvAmI kRta), saM0 ghevaracaMda bhATiyA, zailAna, 1966 maMtrAdhirAjakalpa (sAgaracandasUri kRta), pANDulipi, lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda mallinAtha caritra (vinayacaMdrasUri kRta), saM0 haragovindadAsa tathA becaradAsa, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA 29, vArANasI mahApurANa (puSpadaMta kRta), saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mAnikacaMda digaMbara jaina granthamAlA 42, baMbaI, 1941 mahAvIra caritama (guNacaMdrasUri kRta), devacaMda lAlabhAI jaina sirIja 75, baMbaI, 1929 mAnasAra, khaM0 3, anu0 prasanna kumAra AcArya, ilAhAbAda rUpamaNDana (sUtradhAra maNDana kRta), saM0 balarAma zrIvAstava, vArANasI, vi0 saM0 2021 vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAsa kRta), khaNDa 1, saM0 muni zrIpuNyavijaya, AtmAnanda jaina graMthamAlA 80, bhAvanagara, 1930

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270 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna gastuvidyA (vizvakarmA kRta), dIpArNava (saM0 prabhAzaMkara oghaDamAI somapurA, pAlitANA, 1960) kA 22 vAM adhyAya vAstusAra prakaraNa (Thakkura pherU kRta), anu0 bhagavAnadAsa jaina, jaina vividha granthamAlA, jayapura, 1936 vividhatIrthakalpa (jinaprabhasUri kRta), saM0 muni zrI jinavijaya, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA 10, kalakattA-baMbaI, 1934 zAntinAtha mahAkAvya (munibhadrasUri kRta), saM0 haragovindadAsa tathA becaradAsa, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA 20, banArasa, 1946 samarAiccakahA (haribhadrasUri kRta), saM0 eca0 jaikobI, kalakattA, 1926 samavAyAMgasUtra, anu0 ghAsIlAla jI, rAjakoTa, 1962; saM0 kanhaiyAlAla, dillI, 1966 stuti caturvizatikA yA zobhana stuti (zobhanasUri kRta), saM0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA, baMbaI, 1927 sthAnAMgasUtra, saM0 ghAsIlAla jI, rAjakoTa, 1964 harivaMzapurANa (jinasena kRta), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina grantha mAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 27, vArANasI, 1962 (kha) Adhunika graMtha-evaM-lekha-sUcI agravAla, Ara0 sI0, (1) 'jodhapura saMgrahAlaya kI kucha ajJAta jaina dhAtu mUrtiyAM', jaina eSTi0, khaM0 22, aM0 1, jUna 1955, pR08-10 (2) 'sama inTaresTiMga skalpacarsa oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA phAma mAravAr3a', iMhi kvA0, khaM0 32, aM04, disaMbara 1956, pR0 434-38 (3) 'sama inTaresTiMga skalpacarsa oNva yakSaz2a aiNDa kubera phrAma rAjasthAna', iM0hi0kvA0, khaM0 33, aM0 3, sitaMbara 1957, pR0 200-07 (4) 'aina imeja oNva jIvantasvAmI phAma rAjasthAna', a0lA0bu0, khaM0 22, bhAga 1-2, maI 1958, pR0 32-34 (5) 'gADesa ambikA ina di skalpacarsa oNva rAjasthAna', kvA0ja0mi0so0, khaM 49, aM0 2, julAI 1958, pR0 87-91 (6) 'nyUlI DiskavarDa skalpacarsa phAma vidizA', ja0o0I0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, mAcaM 1969, pR0 252-53 agravAla, pI0 ke0, 'di Tripala yakSa sTaicU phrAma rAjaghATa', chavi, vArANasI, 1971, pR0 340-42 agravAla, vI0 esa0, (1) 'di presAiDiMga DITI oNva cAilDa bartha amaMgsTa di ainzaNTa jainaja', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 2, aM0 4, mArca 1937, pR0 75-79 (2) 'sama brAhmanikala DITIja ina jaina relijasa ArTa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 3, aM04, mArca 1938, pR083-92 (3) 'sama AikAnogrAphika Tarsa phAma jaina inskripzansa', jaina eNTi, khaM0 5, 1939-40, pR043-47 (4) 'e phragmeNTarI skalpcara oNva neminAtha ina di lakhanaU myUjiyama', jaina eNTi0, khaM08, aM0 2, disaMbara 1942, pR0 45-49

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sandarbha - sUcI ] anigerI, e0 ema0, (5) 'mathurA AyAgapaTTaja', ja0yU0pI0 hi0so0, khaM0 16, bhAga 1, 1943, pR0 58-61 (6) 'di neTiviTI sIna Ana e jaina rilIpha phrAma mathurA', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 10, 1944-45, pR0 1-4 (7) 'e noTa Ana di gADa naigameSa', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 20, bhAga 1 - 2, 1947, pR0 68-73 (8) 'keTalAga oNva di mathurA myUjiyama', ja0yU0pI0hi0sI0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1-2, 1950, pR0 35-147 (9) iNDiyana ArTa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1965 e gAiDa TU vi kannar3a risarca insTiTyUTa myUjiyama, dhAravAr3a, 1958 amara, gopIlAla, 'patiyAnadAi kA guptakAlIna jaina mandira', anekAnta, khaM0 19, aM0 6, pharavarI 1967, pR0 340--46 ayyaMgara, kRSNasvAmI, 'di paTTivarita aiNDa di arlI hisTrI oNva di gurjara empAyara', ja0 bAM0 brAM0rA0e0so0, nyU sirIja, khaM0 3, aM0 1-2, 1927, pR0 101 - 33 ADhayA, jI0 ela0, arlI iNDiyana IkanaoNmiksa (sarakA 200 bI0 sI0-300e0 DI0), baMbaI, 1966 Altekara, e0esa0, eNDarasana, unnayana, ena0 jI0, ' IkanaoNmika kaNDIzana', di vAkATaka gupta eja (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 esa0 Altekara), dillI, 1967, pR0 355-62 upAdhyAya, esa0 sI0, 'reliksa oNva jainijama-AlatUra, ja0I0 hiM0, khaM044, bhAga 1, khaM0 130, apraila 1966, pR0 537-43 upAdhyAya, vAsudeva, 'e noTa Ana sama meDivala inskrAibDa jaina meTala imejeja ina di AkialAjikala seksana, priMsa oNva velsa myUz2iyama, bAmbe', ja0gu0ri0so0, khaM0 1, aM0 4, pR0 158- 61 (1) vi soziyo- relijasa kaNDIzana oNva nArtha iNDiyA ( 700 - 1200 e0 DI0), vArANasI, 1964 (2) 'mizrita jaina pratimAeM, jaina eNTi0, khaM0 25, aM0 1, julAI 1967, pR0 40-46 je0, 271 keTalAga aiNDa haiNDabuka TU di oNkialAjikala kalekzana ina di iNDiyana myUjiyama, kalakattA, bhAga 1, kalakattA, 1883 kaniMghama, e0, alAjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA riporTa, varSa 1862-65, khaM0 1 -2, vArANasI, 1972 ( pu0 mu0 ); varSaM 1871-72, khaM0 3, vArANasI, 1966 ( pu0 mu0 ) kApaDiyA, eca0 Ara0, hisTrI oNva di kenAnikala liTrecara oNva di jainaja, baMbaI, 1941

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272 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna kIlahAna, epha0, 'Ana e jaina sTaicU ina di hAnimana myUjiyama', ja0rA0e0so0, 1898, pR0 101-02 kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0, (1) noTsa Ana jaina ArTa', jarnala iNDiyana ArTa aiNDa iNDasTrI, khaM0 16, aM0 120, landana, 1914, pR0 81-97 (2) keTalAga oNva di iNDiyana kalekzansa ina di myUjiyama oNva phAina ArTasa, bosTana-jaina peNTiga, bhAga 4, bosTana, 1924 (3) yakSaja, (vAziMgaTana, 1928), dillI, 1971 (pu0 mu0) (4) iNTroDakzana TU iNDiyana ArTa, dillI, 1969 (pu0 mu0) kurezI, muhammada hamIda, (1) lisTa oNva ainzaNTa mAnyumeNTsa ina di prAvinsa oNva bihAra aiNDa ur3IsA, AkiMalAjikala sarve oNva ___ iNDiyA, nyU impiriyala sirIja, khaM0 51, kalakattA, 1931 (2) rAjagira, bhAratIya purAtatva vibhAga, dillI, 1960 kRSNa deva, (1) 'di Tempalsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA', eMzi0i0, aM0 15, 1959, pR0 43-65 (2) 'mAlAdevI Tempala aiTa gyArasapura', ma00vi0gojulvA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 260-69 (3) Tempalsa Ava nArtha iNDiyA, naI dillI, 1969 klATa, johAnsa, 'noTsa Ana aina inskrAibDa sTaicU oNva pArzvanAtha', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 23, julAI 1894, pR0 183 garga, Ara0 esa0, 'mAlavA ke jaina prAcyAvazeSa', jai0si0bhA0, khaM0 24, aM0 1, disambara 1964, pR0 53-63 gAMgulI, ema0, haiNDabuka TU di skalpacarsa ina di myUjiyama oNva di baMgIya sAhitya pariSada, kalakattA, 1922 gAMgulI, kalyANa kumAra, (1) 'jaina imejez2a ina baMgAla', iNDi0 ka0, khaM0 6, julAI 1939-apraila 1940, pR0 137-40 (2) 'sama simbAlika riprejenTezansa ina arlI jaina ArTa', jaina jarnala, khaM0 1, aM0 1, julAI 1966, pR0 31-36 gAr3e, e0 esa0, _ 'sevena bronjeja ina di bar3audA sTeTa myUjiyama', bu0ba0myU0, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, 1944, pR0 47-52 guptA, esa0 pI0 tathA zarmA, bI0 ena0, _ 'gaMdhAvala aura jaina mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, khaM0 19, aM0 1-2, apraila-jUna 1966, pR0 129-30 guptA, pI0 ela0, di paTanA myUjiyama keTalAga oNva di enTikviTIja, paTanA, 1965

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sandarbha-sUcI ] gupte, Ara0 esa0 tathA mahAjana, bI0 DI0, ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kevsa, babaI, 1962 gopAla, ela0, fa IkanaoNmika lAIpha oNva nArdarna iNDiyA (sarakA e0 DI0 700 - 1200), vArANasI, ghaTage, e0 ema0, ghoSa, amalAnaMda (saMpAdaka ), (1) 'pAzvaja hisTArisiTI rIkansiDarDa', pro0drAM0o0kAM0, 13 vAM adhivezana, nAgapura yUnivarsiTI, aktUbara 1946, nAgapura, 1951, pR0 395 - 97 (2) 'jainijama', di eja oNva impiriyala yUniTo (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1960 (pu0 mu0 ), pR0 411 - 25 (3) 'jainijama', di klAsikala eja (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlakara), baMbaI, 1962 (pu0 mu0 ), pR0 408 - 18 jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ( 3 khaNDa), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI, 1975 ghoSAla, yU0 ena0, cakravartI, esa0 ena, caMdA, Ara0 pI0, caMdra, pramoda, (1) 'IkanaoNmika lAIpha', 'di eja oNva / impiriyala kannauja (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlakara), baMbaI, 1955, pR0 399-408 (2) 'IkanaoNmika lAIpha', vi sTragala phAra empAyara (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1957, pR0 517-21 'noTa Ana aina inskrAibDa bronja jaina imeja ina di priMsa oNva velsa myUjiyama', bu0pri0 ve0 myU0 ve0I0, aM03, 1952-53 (1954), pR0 40-42 caMdra, motI, caMdra, jagadIza, (1) ' iNDiyana myUjiyama, kalakattA', A0sa0 I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 151-54 2) 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925 - 26, pR0 121-27 (3) 'di zvetAMbara aiNDa digaMbara imejeja oNva di jainaja', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1925-26, pR0 176-82 1965/ (4) 'sindha phAiva thAUjaNDa iyarsa ego', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 52, aM0 2, agasta 1932, pR0 151-60 (5) meDibala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, landana, 1936 sTona skalpacara ina di elAhAbAda myUjiyama, baMbaI, 1970 273 'jaina Agama sAhitya meM yakSa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 7, aM0 2, disambara 1941, pR0 97 - 104 sArthavAha, paTanA, 1953 35

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274 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna caudharI, rabIndranAtha, (1) 'AkialAjikala sarve riporTa oNva bAMkur3A DisTrikTa', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 86, aM0 1, julAI 1949, pR0 211-12 (2) 'dharapata Tempala', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 88, aM0 4, aktUbara 1950, pR0 296-98 caudharI, gulAbacaMdra, pAliTikala hisTrI oNva nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja (sarakA 650 e0 DI0 TU 1300 e0 DI0), amRtasara, 1963 jayantavijaya, munizrI, holI AbU (anu0 yU0 pI0 zAha), bhAvanagara, 1954 jAnasana, eca0 ema0, 'zvetAMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDi0 eNTi, khaM0 56, 1927, pR0 23-26 jAyasavAla, ke0 pI0, (1) 'jaina imeja oNva mauyaM piriyaDa', ja0bi00ri0so0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1, 1937, pR0 130-32 (2) 'olDesTa jaina imejeja DiskavarDa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 3, aM0 1, jUna 1937, pR0 17-18 jenAsa, I0 tathA oNboyara, je0, khajurAho, hega, 1960 jaina, kAmatAprasAda, (1) 'jana mUrtiyAM', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 2, aM0 1, 1935, pR0 6-17 (2) 'di eNTikviTI oNva jainijama ina sAUtha iNDiyA', iNDi0ka0, khaM0 4, apraila 1938, pR0 512-16 (3) 'mohanajodar3o enTikviTIja aiNDa jainijama', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 14, aM0 1, julAI 1948, pR0 1-7 (4) 'zAsanadevI ambikA aura unakI mAnyatA kA rahasya', jaina eNTi, khaM0 20, aM0 1, jUna 1954, pR0 28-41 (5) 'di sTaicU oNva padmaprabha aiTa UrdamaU', vA ahiM0, khaM0 13, aM0 9, sitambara 1963, pR0 191-92 jaina, ke0 sI0, jainijama ina rAjasthAna, zolApura, 1963 jaina, choTelAla, jaina bibaliAnaphI, kalakattA, 1945 jaina, je0 sI0, lAIpha ina ainzaNTa iNDiyA : aija DepikTeDa ina di jaina kenansa, bambaI, 1947 jaina, jyotiprasAda, (1) 'jaina enTikviTIja ina di haidarAbAda sTeTa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 19, aM0 2, disambara 1953, pR0 12-17 (2) 'devagar3ha aura usakA kalA vaibhava', jaina eNTi, khaM0 21, aM0 1, jUna 1955, pR0 11-22

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sandarbha - sUcI ] jaina, (3) 'AikanogrAphI oNva di siksTIntha tIrthaMkara', vA0aha0, khaM09, aM09, sitambara 1959, pR0278-79 (4) di jaina sorseja oNva di hisTrI oNva ainzaSTa iNDiyA (100 bI0 sI0 e0 DI0 900), dillI, 1964 (5) 'jenisisa oNva jaina liTrecara aiNDa di sarasvatI mUvameNTa', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, jUna 1972, pR0 30-33. nIraja, (1) ' navAgar3ha : eka mahatvapUrNa madhyayugIna jaina tIrtha', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 6, pharavarI 1963, pR0 277-78 (2) 'patiyA dAI mandira kI mUrti aura caubIsa jina zAsanadeviyAM', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 3, agasta 1963, pR0 99-103 (3) 'gvAliyara ke purAtatva saMgrahAlaya kI jaina mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, varSa 15, aM0 5, disambara 1963, pR0 214-16 (4) 'tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 16, aM0 6, pharavarI 1964, pR0 279-80 (5) 'bajaraMgagar3ha kA vizada jinAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 2 jUna 1965, pR0 65-66 (6) 'atizaya kSetra ahAra', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 4, aktUbara 1965, pR0 177-79 (7) ' ahAra kA zAntinAtha saMgrahAlaya', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 5, disambara 1965, pR0 221-22 jaina, banArasIdAsa, 'jainijama ina di paMjAba', sarUpa bhAratI : DaoN0 lakSmaNa sarUpa smRti aMka ( saM jagannAtha agravAla tathA bhImadeva zAstrI), vizvezvarAnanda iNDolAjikala sirIja 6, hoziyArapura, 1954, pR0 238-47 jaina, bAlacaMdra, 275 (1) 'mahAkauzala kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 17, aM0 3, agasta 1964, pR0 131 - 33 (2) 'jaina pratimAlakSaNa', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 3, agasta 1966, pR0 204-13 (3) 'dhubelA saMgrahAlaya ke jaina mUrti lekha', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 4, aktUbara 1966, pR0 244-45 (4) 'jaina bronjeja phrAma rAjanapura khinakhinI', ja0I0 myU0, khaM0 11, 1955, pR0 15-20 (5) jaina pratimAvijJAna, jabalapura, 1974 jaina, bhAgacandra, devagar3ha kI jaina kalA, nayI dillI, 1974 jaina, zazikAnta, 'sama kAmana elimeNTsa ina di jaina aiNDa hindU painthiAnsa - I yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 18, aM0 2, disambara 1952, pR0 32-35 khaM0 19, aM0 1 jUna 1953, pR0 21-23 jaina, hIrAlAla, (1) jai0zi0saM0 (saM0), mAga 1, mANikacandra digaMbara jaina granthamAlA 28, bambaI, 1928 (2) 'jainijama', di sTragala phAra empAyara (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), bambaI, 1960 ( pu0 mu0), pR0 427-35 (3) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla, 1962

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276 jainI, je 0 jozI, arjuna, ela0, 'sama noTsa oNna di digaMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM032, disambara 1904, pR0 330-32 jozI, ena0 pI0, joharApurakara, vidyAdhara (saM0), TADa, jemsa, (1) 'e yUnIka imeja oNva RSama phrAma poTTAsiMgIdI, u0 hi0ri0ja0 khaM010, aM03, 1961, pR074-76 (2) ' phardara lAiTa oNna di rimensa aiTa poTTAsiMgIdI', u0hi0ri0ja0 khaM010, aM04, 1962, pR030-32 jhA, zaktidhara, Dagalasa, (1) 'yUsa oNva Aspizasa simbalsa ina di kuSANa ATaM aiTa mathurA', DaoN0 mirAzI phelisiTezana vAlyUma (saM0 jI0 TI0 dezapANDe Adi), nAgapura, 1965, pR0 311-17 (2) mathurA skalpacarsa, mathurA, 1966 De, sudhIna, je0zi0saM0, mANikacaMdra digaMbara jaina granthamAlA, mAga 4, vArANasI, 1964, bhAga 5, dillI, 1971 ThAkura, upendra, 'hindU DITIja ina di jaina purANaja', DA0 zAtkArI mukarjI phelisiTezana vAlyUma (saM0 bI0 pI0 sinhA Adi) caukhambA saMskRta sTaDIja khaNDa 69, vArANasI, 1969, pR0 458-65 enAlsa eNDa enTikviTIja oNva rAjasthAna, khaM0 2, landana, 1957 ThAkura, esa0 Ara0, [ jaina pratimAvijJAna 'e hisTArikala sarve oNva jainijama ina nArthaM bihAra', ja0bi0ri0so0, khaM0 45, bhAga 1-4, janavarI - disambara 1959, pR0 188 - 203 keTalAga oNva skalpacarsa ina di AkialAjikala myUjiyama, gvAliyara, lazkara bI0, 'e jaina bronja phrAma di DaeNkana', o0ArTa, khaM0 5, aM0 1 (nyU sirIja), 1959, pR0 162-65 (1) 'TU yUnIka inskrAibDa jaina skalpacarsa', jaina jarnala, khaM05, aM0 1, julAI 1970, pR0 24-26 (2) 'caumukha - e simbAlika jaina ArTa', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, julAI 1971, pR0 27-30 DhAkI, ema0 e0, (1) 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', ma0je0vi0go0 ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 290-347 (2) 'vimalavasahI kI DeTa kI samasyA' (gujarAtI), svAdhyAya, khaM0 9, aM0 3, pR0 349-64 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0, (1) 'bhArata kalA bhavana kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 24 aM0 2 jUna 1971, pR0 51-52, 58, (2) 'e noTa Ana di AiDenTiphikezana oNva e tIrthaMkara imeja aiTa bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', jaina jarnala, khaM0 6, aM0 1, julAI 1971, pR0 41-43

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sandarbha-sUcI ] 277 (3) 'khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI rathikAoM meM jaina deviyAM', anekAnta, varSaM 24, aM0 4, aktUbara 1971, pR0 183-84 (4) 'khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira ke praveza dvAra kI mUrtiyAM', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 5, disaMbara 1971, pR0 218-21 (5) 'khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM ke Dora-liTalsa para utkIrNa jaina deviyAM', anekAnta, varSa 24, aM0 6, pharavarI 1972, pR0 251-54 (6) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI cakrezvarI kI mUrtigata avatAraNA', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 1, mArcaapraila 1972, pR0 35-40 (7) 'kumbhAriyA ke sambhavanAtha mandira kI jaina deviyAM', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 3, julAI-agasta 1972, pR0 101-03 (8) 'candrAvatI kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 25, aM0 4, sitaMbara-aktUbara 1972, pR0 145-47 (9) 'riprejenTezana oNva sarasvatI ina jaina skalpacasaM oNva khajurAho', ja0gu0ri0sI0, khaM0 34, aM0 4, aktUbara 1972, pR0 307 - 12 (10) 'e brIpha sarve oNva di AikAnogrAphika DeTA aiTa kumbhAriyA, nArthaM gujarAta', saMbodhi, khaM0 2, aM0 1, apraila 1973, pR0 7-14 (11) 'e noTa Ana aina imeja oNva rAma aiNDa sItA Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala, khajurAho, jaina jarnala, khaM0 8, aM0 1, julAI 1973, pR0 30-32 (12) 'e noTa Ana sama bAhubalI imejeja phrAma nArtha iNDiyA' IsTa ve0, khaM0 23, aM0 3-4 sitambaradisambara 1973, pR0 347-53 (13) 'aina anpablizDa imeja oNva neminAtha phrAma devagar3ha', jaina jarnala, khaM0 8, aM0 2, aktUbara 1973, pR0 84-85 (14) 'di AikanogrAphI oNva di imejez2a oNva sambhavanAtha aiTa khajurAho', ja0gu0ri0so0, khaM0 35, aM0 4, aktUbara 1973, pR0 3-9 (15) 'di AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja aija riprejeNTeDa ina di sIliMga oNva di zAntinAtha Tempala, kumbhAriyA', saMbodhi, khaM0 2, aM0 3, aktUbara 1973, pR0 15-22 (16) 'osiyA se prApta jIvantasvAmI kI aprakAzita mUrtiyAM', vizvabhAratI, khaM0 14, aM0 3, aktUbara disambara 1973, pR0 215-18 (17) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI padmAvatI kA pratimAnirUpaNa', anekAnta, varSa 27, aMka 2, agasta 1974, pR0 34-41 (18) 'e yUnIka imeja oNva RSabhanAtha aiTa ArkialAjikala myUjiyama, khajurAho', ja0o060, khaM0 24, aM0 1-2 sitambara-disambara 1974, pR0 247-49 (19) 'imejeja oNva ambikA Ana di jaina Tempalsa aiTa khajurAho', ja0o0I0, khaM0 24, aM0 1-2, sitambara - disambara 1974, pR0 243-46 (20) 'e noTa Ana aina imeja oNva RSabhanAtha ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU', ja0 gu0ri0so0, khaM0 36, aM0 4, aktUbara 1974, pR0 17-20 (21) 'uttara bhArata meM jaina yakSI ambikA kA pratimAnirUpaNa', saMbodhi, khaM0 3, aM0 2-3, pR0 27-44 disambara 1974,

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278 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna - (22) 'e yUnIka tri-tIrthika jina imeja phrAma devagar3ha', lalita kalA, aM0 17, 1974, pR0 41-42 (23) 'sama anpablizDa jaina skalpacarsa oNva gaNeza phAma vesTanaM iNDiyA', jaina jarnala, khaM09, aM0 3, janavarI 1975, pR0 90-92 (24) 'aina anpablizDa jina imeja ina di bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI', vi0I0ja0 khaM0 13, aM0 1-2, mArca - sitambara 1975, pR0 373-75 (25) 'di jina imejeja oNva khajurAho vid spezala repharensa TU ajitanAtha', jaina jarnala, khaM0 10, aM0 1, julAI 1975, pR022-25 (26) 'jaina yakSa gomukha kA pratimAnirUpaNa', zramaNa varSa 27, aM0 9 julAI 1976, pR0 29-36 (27) 'di AikanogrAphI oNva yakSI siddhAyikA, ja0e0sI0, khaM0 15, aM0 1-4, 1973 ( maI 1977), pR0 97-103 (28) 'jina imejeja ina di ArkialAjikala myUjiyama, khajurAho', mahAvIra eNNDa hija TIciMgsa, (saM0 e0ena0 upAdhye Adi), bhagavAn mahAvIra 2500 vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti, baMbaI, 1977, pR0 409-28 tripAThI, ela0 ke0, (1) evolyUzana oNva Tempala ArkiTekcara ina nArdarna iNDiyA, pI-eca0 DI0 kI aprakAzita thIsisa, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, 1968 (2) 'di erATika skalpacarsa oNva khajurAho aiNDa deyara prAbebala eksaplAnezana', bhAratI, aM0 3, 1959-60, pR0 82 - 104 datta, kAlIdAsa, (1) 'di enTikviTIja oNva khArI', ainuala riporTa, vArendra risarca sosAiTI, 1928-29, pR0 1-11 (2) 'sama arlI AkialAjikala phAinDsa oNva di sundarabana', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 114, aM0 1, julAI 1963, pR0 39-44 datta, jI0 esa0 'di ArTa oNva baMgAla', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 51, aM0 5, pR0 519 - 29 dayAla, Ara0pI0, 'impArTeNTa skalpacarsa aiDeDa TU di prAvinziyala myUjiyama lakhanaU', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 7, bhAga 2, navambara 1934, pR0 70-74 daza, ema0 pI0, 'jaina enTikviTIja phrAma caraMpA', u0hi0ri0ja0 khaM0 11, aM0 1, 1962, pR0 50-53 di ve oNva buddha pablikezana Divijana, gavarnameNTa oNva iNDiyA, dillI dIkSita, esa0 ke0, e gAiDa TU di sTeTa myUjiyama dhubelA (navagAMva), vindhyapradeza, navagAMva, 1956 dIkSita, ke0 ena0, 'siksa skalpacarsa phrAma mahobA', me0A0sa0iM0, aM0 8, kalakattA, 1921, pR0 1-4

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sandarbha sUcI ] devakara, vI0 ela0, (1) 'TU rIsenTalI ekvAyarDa jaina bronjez2a ina di bar3audA myUjiyama', bu0myU0pi00, khaM0 14, 1962, pR0 37-38 (2) 'e jaina tIrthaMkara imeja rIsenTalI ekvAyarDa bAi di bar3audA myUz2iyama', bu0 myU0pi00, khaM0 19, 1965-66, pR0 35-36 dezapANDe, ema0 ena0, 'kRSNa lijeNDa ina di jaina kenAnikala liTarecara', jaina enTi0, khaM0 10, aM0 1, jUna 1944, pR0 25-31 desAI, pI0 bI0, (1) jainijama ina sAUtha iNDiyA aiNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 6, zolApura, 1963 (2) ' yakSI imejeja ina sAUtha iNDiyana jainijama', DaoN0 mirAzI phelisiTezana vAlyUma, (saM0 jI0TI0 dezapANDe Adi), nAgapura, 1965, pR0 344-48 dozI, becaradAsa, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1, vArANasI, 1966 nAhaTA, agaracanda, (1) ' tAlaghara meM prApta 160 jina pratimAeM, anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 1-2, 1966, ( apraila-jUna), pR0 81-83 (2) 'bhAratIya vAstuzAstra meM jaina pratimA sambandhI jJAtavya', anekAnta, varSa 20, aM0 5, disambara 1967, pR0 207-15 nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla, 'tAlAgur3I kI jaina pratimA', jaina jagata, varSa 13, aM09-11, disambara 1959 - pharavarI 1960, pR060-61 nAhara, pI0sI0, (1) jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstramAlA 8, kalakattA, 1918 (2) 'noTsa Ana TU jaina imejez2a phrAma sAUtha iNDiyA', iNDi0ka0, khaM0 1, aM0 1-4, julAI 1934 apraila 1935, pR0 127-28 nigama, ema0 ela0, 279 (1) 'impaikTa oNva jainijama oNna mathurA ArTa', ja0yU0pI0 hi0 so0 (nyU sirIja), khaM0 10, bhAga 1, 1961, pR0 7-12 (2) 'glimpasesa oNva jainijama thrU AkialAjI ina uttara pradeza, ma0jai0vi0 go0 ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 213-20 pATila, DI0 Ara0, vi enTikveriyana rimensa ina bihAra, hisTArikala risarca sirIja 4, paTanA, 1963 purI, bI0 ena0, (1) di hisTrI oNva di gurjara-pratihAraja, baMbaI, 1957 (2) 'jainijama ina mathurA ina di arlI sencurIja oNva di krizciyana erA', ma0je0vi0 go0 ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 156-61

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280 [jaina pratimAvijJAna pusAlkara, e0 DI0, "jainijama', di eja oNba impiriyala kannauja (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1964, pR0 288-96 prasAda, eca0 ke0, 'jaina bronjeja ina di paTanA myUjiyama', ma00vi0 gojulvA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 275-89 prasAda, triveNI, 'jaina pratimAvidhAna', jaina eNTi0, khaM04, aM0 1, jUna 1937, pR0 16-23 premI, nAthUrAma, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, baMbaI, 1956 phlITa, je0 epha0, kArpasa inskripzanama iNDikerama, khaM0 3, vArANasI, 1963 (pu0ma0) banarjI, Ara0 DI0, IsTarna iNDiyana skUla oNva meDivala skalpacara, dillI, 1933 banarjI, e0, (1) 'TU jaina imejeja', ja0bi0u0ri0sI0, khaM0 28, bhAga 1, 1942, pR0 44 (2) 'jaina enTikviTIja ina rAjagira', iM0hi0kvA0, khaM0 25, aM0 3, sitambara 1949, pR0 205-10 (3) 'Treseja oNva jainijama ina baMgAla', javyU0pI0hi0sI0, khaM0 23, bhAga 1-2, 1950, pR0 164-68 (4) 'jaina ArTa thU di ejeja', AcArya bhikSu smRti grantha (saM0 satakAri mukharjI Adi), kalakattA, 1961, pR0 167-90 banarjI, je0 ena0, (1) 'jaina imejeja', di hisTrI oNva baMgAla (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra), khaM0 1, DhAkA, 1943, pR0 464-65 (2) di DIvelapameNTa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1956 (3) 'jaina Aikansa', di eja oNva impiriyala yUniTI (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1960, pR0 425-31 / / (4) 'AikAnogrAphI', di klAsikala eja (saM0 Ara0 sI majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1962, pR0 418-19 (5) 'AikAnogrAphI', di eja oNva impiriyala kannauja (saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlkara), baMbaI, 1964, pR0 296-300 banarjI, priyatoSa, 'e noTa oNna di varazipa oNva imejez2a ina jainijama (sarakA 200 bI0 sI0-200 e0 DI0), ja0bi0ri0so0, khaM0 36, bhAga 1-2, 1950, pR0 57-65

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sandarbha sUcI ] 281 banarjI-zAstrI, e., 'mauryana skalpacarsa phrAma lohAnIpura, paTanA', ja0bi0 u0ri0so0, khaM0 26, bhAga 2, jUna 1940, pR0 120-24 barjesa, je0, 'digaMbara jaina AikAnogrAphI', iNDi0eNTi0, khaM0 32, 1903, pR0 459-64 bAjapeyI, ke0 Do0, (1) 'jaina imeja oNva sarasvatI ina di lakhanaU myUjiyama', jaina eNTi, khaM0 11, aM0 2, janavarI 1946, pR0 1-4 (2) 'nyU jaina imejeja ina di mathurA myUjiyama', jaina eNTi, khaM0 13, aM0 2, janavarI 1948, pR0 10-11 (3) 'sama nyU mathurA phAinDsa', ja0yU0pI0hi0so0, khaM0 21, bhAga 1-2, 1948, pR0 117-30 (4) 'pAzvanAtha kile ke jaina avazeSa', candAbAI abhinandana grantha (saM0 zrImatI suzIlA sultAna siMha jaina __ Adi), ArA, 1954, pR0 388-89 (5) 'madhyapradeza kI prAcIna jaina kalA', anekAnta, varSa 17, aM0 3, agasta 1964, pR0 98-99; varSa 28, 1975, pR0 115-16 bAla subrahmaNyama, esa0 Ara0 tathA rAjU0, vo0 vI0, 'jaina vesTijez2a ina di puDukoTTA sTeTa', kvA0ja0ma0sTe0, khaM0 24, aM0 3, janavarI 1934, pR0 211-15 baireTa, Dagalasa, (1) 'e grupa oNva bronjez2a phAma di DaeNkana', lalita kalA, aM0 3-4, 1956-57, pR0 39-45 (2) 'e jaina bronja phrAma di DaMkana', o0ArTa, khaM0 5, aM0 1 (nyU sirIja), 1959, pR0 162-65 brAuna, DablyU0 ena0, e DeskripTiva aiNDa ilasTreTeDa keTalAga oNva miniyecara peNTigsa A~va di jaina kalpasUtra, vAziMgaTana, 1934 brAuna, parsI, iNDiyana ArkiTekcara (buddhisTa aiNDa hindU piriyaDsa), baMbaI, 1971 (pu0 mu0) bruna, klAja, (1) "di phigara oNva di TU loara riliphsa Ana di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho', AcArya zrIvijayavallabha sUri smAraka grantha (saM0 motIcandra Adi), baMbaI, 1956, pR0 7-35 (2) 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di lAsTa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra', jainayuga, varSa 1, apraila 1958, pR0 36-37 (3) 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhya deza : dudahI', jainayuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 29-33 (4) 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhya deza : cAMdapura', jainayuga, varSa 2, apraila 1959, pR0 67-70 (5) di jina imejeja oNva devagar3ha, liDena, 1969 byUhalara, jI0, (1) 'di digaMbara jainaja', iNDi 0eNTi0, khaM0 7, 1878, pR0 28-29 / (2) 'nyU jaina inskripyansa phAma mathurA', epi0iNDi 0, khaM0 1, kalakattA, 1892, pR0 371-93 (3) 'phardara jaina inskripzansa phrAma mathurA', epi0iNDi0, khaM0 1, kalakattA, 1892, pR0 393-97

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282 [ana pratimAvimAna (4) 'phardara jaina inskripzansa phAma mathurA', epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2 (kalakattA, 1894), dillI, 1970 . (pu0 mu0), pR0 195-212 (5) 'spesimensa oNva jaina skalpacarsa phAma mathurA', epi0iNDi0, khaM0 2 (kalakattA, 1894), dillI, 1970 (pu0 mu0), pR0 311-23 (6) Ana di iNDiyana sekTa oNva di jainaja, landana, 1903 blAka, TI0, saplemeSTrI keTalAga oNva di AkialAjikala sekzana oNva di iNDiyana myUjiyama, kalakattA, 1911 bhaTTAcArya, e0 ke0, (1) 'simbAlijama aiNDa imeja varazipa ina jainijama', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 15, aM0 1, jUna 1949, pR01-6 (2) 'AikAnogrAphI oNva sama mAinara DITIja ina jainijama', I0hi0kvA0, khaM0 29, aM0 4, disambara 1953, pR0 332-39 (3) 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', AcArya bhikSu smRti graMtha (saM0 satakAri mukharjI Adi), kalakattA, 1961, pR0 191-200 bhaTTAcArya, bI0, 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', jainAcArya zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka graMtha (saM0 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI), baMbaI, 1936, pR0 114-21 bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0, di jaina AikAnogrAphI, lAhaura, 1939 bhaTTAcArya, benAyatoza, di iNDiyana buddhisTa AikAnogrAphI, kalakattA, 1968 bhaTTAcArya, yu0 sI0, ___'gomukha yakSa', ja0yU0pI0hiso, khaM0 5, bhAga 2 (nyU sirIja), 1957, pR08-9 bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0, (1) 'jaina AikAnogrAphI', A0sa0I0e0ri, 1905-06, kalakattA, 1908, pR0 141-49 (2) 'jana AikAnogrAphI-samavasaraNa', iNDi 0eNTi0, khaM0 40, maI 1911, pR0 125-30 (3) 'di Tempalsa oNva osiyA', A0sa0I0e0ri0, 1908-09, kalakattA, 1912, pR0 100-15 majamUdAra, ema0 Ara0, (1) kalcarala hisTrI oNva gujarAta, baMbaI, 1965 (2) 'TrITameNTa oNva gADesa ina jaina aiNDa brAhmanikala pikToriyala ArTa', jainayuga, disaMbara 1958, pR0 22-29 (3) kronolAjI oNva gujarAta : hisTArikala aiNDa kalcarala, bhAga 1, bar3audA, 1960 majUmadAra, Ara0 sI0, 'jainijama ina ainzaNTa baMgAla', ma00vi0go0ju0vA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 130-38

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sandarbha-sUcI ] 283 majUmadAra, e0 ke0, caulukyAja oNva gujarAta, baMbaI, 1956 mArzala, jaoNna, ___ mohanajodar3o aiNDa di iNDasa sivilijezana, khaMDa 1, landana, 1931 mitra, kAlIpada, (1) 'noTsa oNna TU jaina imemeja', ja0bi00ri0so0, khaM0 28, bhAga 2, 1942, pR0 198-207 (2) 'Ana di AiDenTiphikezana oNva aina imeja', I0hi0kvA0, khaM0 18, aM0 3, sitaMbara 1942, pR0 261-66 mitrA, devalA, (1) 'sama jaina enTikviTIja phAma bAMkur3A, vesTa baMgAla', ja0e0so060, khaM0 24, aM0 2, 1958 (1960), pR0 131-34 (2) 'AikAnogrAphika noTsa', ja0e0so0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, 1959, pR0 37-39 (3) 'zAsanadevIja ina di khaNDagiri kevsa', ja0e0sI0, khaM0 1, aM0 2, 1959, pR0 127-33 mirAzI, vI0vI0, kArpasa inskripzanama iNDikerama, khaM0 4, bhAga 1, UTakamaNDa, 1955 mehatA, ena0 sI, 'e meDivala jaina imeja oNva ajitanAtha-1053 e0 DI0', iNDi0 eNTi0, khaM0 56, 1927, pR0 72-74 maitI, esa0 ke0, ___ IkanaoNmika lAIpha oNva nArdanaM iNDiyA ina vi gupta piriyaDa (sarakA e0 DI0 300-550), kalakattA, 1957 yAdava, jhinakU, samarAiccakahA : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, vArANasI, 1977 ramana, ke0 vI0, 'jaina vesTijeja arAUNDa madrAsa', kvA0ja0ma0so, khaM0 49, aM0 2, julAI 1958, pR0 104-07 rAmacandrana, TI0 ena0, (1) tirUpattikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa, bu0ma0gamyU nyU0si0, khaM0 1, bhAga 3, madrAsa, 1934 (2) jaina mAnyumeNTsa aiNDa pleseja oNva pharsTa klAsa impAnsa, kalakattA, 1944 (3) 'harappA aiNDa jainijama' (anu0 jayabhagavAna), anekAnta, varSa 14, janavarI 1957, pR0 157-61 rAyacaudharI, pI0 sI0, jainijama ina bihAra, paTanA, 1956 rAva, esa0 Ara0, 'jaina bronjez2a phrAma lilvAdeva', ja0I0myU0, khaM0 11, 1955, pR0 30-33

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284 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna rAva, esa0 eca0, 'jainijama ina di Dakana', ja0I0hi0, khaM0 26, bhAga 1-3, 1948, pR0 45-49 rAva, TI0 e0 gopInAtha, elimeNTsa oNva hindU AikAnogrAphI, khaM0 1, bhAga 2, dillI, 1971 (pu0mu0) rAva, bI0 vI0 kRSNa, 'jainijama ina Andhradeza', ja00hi0ri0so0, khaM0 12, pR0 185-96 rAva, vAI0 vI0, 'jaina sTaicUja ina Andhra', ja00hiri0so0, khaM0 29, bhAga 3-4, janavarI-julAI 1964, pR0 19 re, nihAraraMjana, maurya aiNDa zuMga ArTa, kalakattA, 1965 rolaiNDa, benjAmina, di ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara AMva iNDiyA : buddhisTa-hindU-jaina, landana, 1953 lAlavAnI, gaNeza (saM.), jaina jarnala (mahAvIra jayaMtI spezala naMbara), khaM0 3, aM0 4, apraila 1969 lyUje-De-lyU, je0 I0 vAna, di sIthiyana piriyaDa, liDena, 1949 vatsa, ema0 esa0, 'e noTa oNna TU imejez2a phrAma banIpAra mahArAja aiNDa baijanAtha', A0sa0I0ai0ri0, 1929-30 pR0227-28 vijayamUrti (saM0), 0zi0saM0, mANikacaMdra digaMbara jaina graMthamAlA, bhAga 2, baMbaI, 1952; bhAga 3, baMbaI, 1957 viNTaranitja, ema0, e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara, khaM0 2 (buddhisTa aiNDa jaina liTrecara), kalakattA, 1933 .. virajI, kRSNakumArI je0, ainzaNTa hisTrI oNva saurASTra, baMbaI, 1952 veMkaTaramana, ke0 Ara0, 'di jainaja ina di puDukoTTA sTeTa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 3, aM0 4, mArca 1938, pR0 103-06 vaizAkhIya, mahendrakumAra, 'kRSNa ina di jaina kenan', bhAratIya vidyA, khaM0 8 (nyU sirIja), aM0 9-10, sitaMbara-akTUbara 1946, pR0 123-31 vogela, je0 pIeca0, keTalAga oNva di AkialAjikala myUjiyama aiTa mathurA, ilAhAbAda, 1910

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sandarbha-sUcI ] 285 zarmA, Ara0 sI0, (1) 'di arlI pheja oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 23, aM0 2, julAI 1965, pR0 32-38 (2) 'jaina skalpacarsa oNva di gupta eja ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU', maje0vi0go juvA0, baMbaI, 1968, pR0 143-55 (3) 'ArTa DeTA ina rAyapaseNiya', saM0pu050, aM0 9, jUna 1972, pR0 38-44 zarmA, dazaratha, (1) arlI cauhAna DAinesTija, dillI, 1959 (2) rAjasthAna tha di ejeja, khaM0 1, bIkAnera, 1966 zarmA, bRjanArAyaNa, sozala lAIpha ina nArdarna iNDiyA, dillI, 1966 zarmA, brajendranAtha, (1) 'tIrthaMkara supAzvanAtha kI prastara pratimA', anekAnta, varSa 18, aM0 4, aktUbara 1965, pR0 157 (2) 'anpablizDa jaina bronjeja ina di nezanala myUjiyama', ja0o0I0, khaM0 19, aM0 3, mArca 1970, pR0 275-78 (3) sozala aiNDa kalcarala hisTrI Ava nArdarna iNDiyA, dillI 1972 (4) jaina pratimAeM, dillI, 1979 zAstrI, ajaya mitra, (1) iNDiyA aija sIna ina di bRhatsaMhitA oNva varAhamihira, dillI, 1969 (2) 'tripurI kA jaina purAtatva', jaina milana, varSa 12, aM0 2, disaMbara 1970, pR0 69-72 (3) tripurI, bhopAla, 1971 zAstrI, paramAnanda jaina, 'madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtatva', anekAnta, varSa 19, aM0 1-2, apraila-jUna 1966, pR0 54-69 zAstrI, hIrAnanda, 'sama risenTali aiDeDa skalpacasaM ina di prAvinziyala myUjiyama, lakhanaU', me0A0sa0I0, aM011, kalakattA, 1922, pR0 1-15 zAha, sI0 je0, jainijama ina nArtha iNDiyA : 800 bI0 sI0 e0 DI0 526, landana, 1932 zAha, yU0 pI0, (1) 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa ambikA', javyU0bAM0, khaM0 9, 1940-41, pR0 147-69 (2) 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di jaina gADesa sarasvatI', ja0yU0bAM0, khaM0 10 (nyU sirIja), sitambara 1941, pR0 195-218 (3) 'jaina skalpacasaM ina di bar3odA myUjiyama', bubamyU0, khaM0 1, mAga 2, pharavarI-julAI 194, pR0 27-30

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286 [ maina pratimAvijJAna (4) 'suparanecurala bIiMgsa ina di jaina tantraja', AcArya dhruva smAraka grantha (saM0 Ara0 sI0 pArikha Adi), bhAga 3, ahamadAbAda, 1946, pR067-68 (5) 'AikAnogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 15, 1947, pR0 114-77 (6) 'eja oNva Dipharenziyezana oNva digaMbara aiNDa zvetAMbara imejeja aiNDa di aliesTa nona zvetAMbara bronjeja', bu0pri0ve0myU0ve060, aM0 1, 1950-51 (1952), pR0 30-40 (7) 'e yUnIka jaina imeja oNva jIvantasvAmI', ja0o0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 1, sitambara 1951 (1952), pR0 72-79 (8) 'sAiDalAiTsa Ana di lAIpha-TAima seNDalavuDa imeja oNva mahAvIra', ja0o0I0, khaM0 1, aM0 4, jUna 1952, pR0 358-68 (9) 'ainziyanTa skalpacasaM phrAma gujarAta aiNDa saurASTra', ja0I0myU0, khaM0 8, 1952, pR0 49-57 (10) 'zrIjIvantasvAmI' (gujarAtI), jai0sa0pra0, varSa 17, aM0 5-6, 1952, pR0 98-109 (11) 'harinaigameSin', ja0I0sI0o0A0, khaM0 19, 1952-53, pR0 19-41 (12) 'aina ajhai bronja imeja oNva pArzvanAtha ina di priMsa oNva velsa myUjiyama, baMbaI', bu0pra0ve0myU0ve0 I0, aM0 3, 1952-53 (1954), pR0 63-65 (13) 'jaina skalpacarsa phrAma lADola', bu0pra0ve0myU00I0, aM0 3, 1952-53 (1954), pR0 66-73 (14) 'sevena bronjeja phrAma lilvA-devA', bu0ba0myU0, khaM09, bhAga 1-2, apraila 1952-mArca 1953 (1955), pR0 43-51 (15) 'phArena elimeNTsa ina jaina liTrecara', iMhi0kvA0, khaM0 29, aM03, sitambara 1953, pR0260-65 (16) 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ja0o0I0, khaM0 3, aM0 1, sitambara 1953, pR0 54-71 (17) 'bAhubalI : e yUnIka bronja ina di myUjiyama', bu0pri0va0myU0ve0I0, aM04, 1953-54, pR032-39 (18) 'mora imejeja oNva jIvantasvAmI', ja0I0myU0, khaM0 11, 1955, pR0 49-50 (19) sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, banArasa, 1955 / / (20) 'bonja horDa phrAma vasantagar3ha', lalitakalA, aM0 1-2, apraila 1955-mArca 1956, pR0 55-65 . (21) 'pareNTsa oNva di tIrthaMkaraja', bu0pra0ve0myU0ve0I0, aM0 5,1955-57, pa0 24-32 reyara skalpacara oNva mallinAtha', AcArya vijayavallabha sari smati grantha (saM0motIcandra Adi), baMbaI. 1956, pR0 128 (23) 'brahmazAMti aiNDa kapardi yakSaja', ja0ema0esa0yU0ba0, khaM0 7, aM0 1, mArca 1958, pR0 59-72 (24) akoTA bronjeja, baMbaI, 1959 (25) 'jaina sTorIja ina sTona ina di dilavAr3A Tempala, mAuNTa AbU', jaina yuga, sitambara 1959, pR0 38-40 (26) 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', pro0TrAM 0o0kA0, 20 vA adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, aktUbara 1959, pUnA, 1961, pR0 141-52 (27) 'jaina bronjez2a phrAma kaimbe', lalita kalA, aM0 13, pR0 31-34 (28) 'aina olDa jaina imeja phAma kheDbrahmA (nArtha gujarAta)', ja0o0I0, khaM0 10, aM0 1, sitambara 1960, pR0 61-63

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sandarbha-sUcI ] (29) 'jaina bronjeja ina harIdAsa svAlIja kalekzana', bu0pra0ve0 myU0 ve0I0, aM09, 1964-66, pR0 47-49 (30) 'e jaina bronja phrAma jesalamera, rAjasthAna', ja0I0sI0o0A0 ( spezala naMbara ), 1965-66, mArca 1966, pR0 25-26 (31) 'e jaina meTala imeja phrAma sUrata', ja0I0sI0o0A0 (spezala naMbara), 1965-66, mArca 1966, pR0 3 (32) 'TU jaina bronjeja phrAma ahamadAbAda', ja0o0 iM0, khaM0 15, aM0 3-4 mArca- jUna 1966, pR0 463-64 (33) 'AikanogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', ja0o0I0, khaM0 20, aM0 3, mArca 1971, zAha, yU0pI0 tathA mehatA, Ara0 ena, pR0 280-311 (34) 'e phyU jaina imejeja ina di bhArata kalAbhavana, vArANasI', chavi, vArANasI, 1971, pR0 233-34 (35) 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikAnogrAphI', saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, jUna 1972, pR0 1-14 (36) ' yakSiNI oNva di TvenTI-phortha jina mahAvIra', ja0o0I0, khaM0 22, aM0 1 - 2, sitambara-disambara 1972, pR0 70-78 'e phyU arlI skalpacarsa phrAma gujarAta', ja0o0iM0, khaM0 1, 1951 - 52, pR0 160-64 zrIvAstava, vI0 ena0, sarakAra, zrIvAstava, vI0 esa 0, 'sama inTaresTiMga jaina skalpacarsa ina di sTeTa myUjiyama, lakhanaU, saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, jUna 1972, pR0 45-52 lAga aiNDa gAIDa TU gaMgA golDena jubilI myUjiyama, bIkAnera, baMbaI, 1961 saMkaliyA, eca0 DI0, 287 , (1) 'di aliesTa jaina skalpacarsa ina kAThiyAvAr3a', ja0rA0e0 so0 julAI 1938, pR0 426-30 (2) 'aina anayujuala phArma oNva e jaina gADesa', jaina eNTi0, khaM0 4, aM0 3 disambara 1938, pR0 85-88 (3) 'jaina AikanogrAphI', nyU iNDiyana eNTikverI, khaM0 2, 1939 - 40, pR0 497-520 (4) 'jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja', bu0Da0kA0ri0 I0, khaM0 1, aM0 2- 4, 1940, pR0 157-68 (5) 'di so- kAlDa buddhisTa imejeja phrAma di bar3audA sTeTa, bu0Da0kA0ri0iM0, khaM01, aM0 2- 4, 1940, pR0 185-88 (6) 'di sTorI ina sTona oNva di greTa rinanziyezana oNva neminAtha', iM0 hi0 kvA0, khaM0 16, 1940-41, pR0 314-17 (7) 'jaina mAnyumeNTsa phrAma devagar3ha', ja0iM0 so0o0A0, khaM0 9, 1941, pR0 97-104 di kialAjI oNva gujarAta, baMbaI, 1941 (9) 'digaMbara jaina tIrthaMkara phrAma mAhezvara aiNDa nevAsA', AcArya vijayavallabha sUri smAraka graMtha (saM0 motIcaMdra Adi), baMbaI, 1956, pR0 119-20 DI0 sI0, selekTa inskripzansa, khaM0 1, kalakattA, 1965

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288 sarakAra, zivazaMkara, 'Ana sama jaina imejeja phrAma baMgAla', mADarna rivyU, khaM0 106, 302, agasta 1959, pR0 130 - 31 sahAnI, rAyabahAdura dayArAma, siMha, je0 pI0, (1) keTalAga oNva di myUjiyama oNva AkialAjI aiTa sAranAtha, kalakattA, 1914 (2) 'e noTa Ana TU brAsa imejeja', ja0yU0pI0hi0 so0, khaM0 2, bhAga 2, maI 1921, pR0 68-71 AspekTsa oNva arlI jainijama, vArANasI, 1972 sikdAra, je0 sI0, sTaDIja ina di bhagavatIsUtra, mujaphpharapura, 1964 sundarama, TI0 esa0 'jaina bronjeja phAma puDukoTTaI', lalita kalA, aM0 1-2, 1955 - 56, pR079 somapurA, kAMtilAla phUlacaMda, hastImala, sTivensana, esa0, (1) di sTrakcarala Tempalsa oNva gujarAta, ahamadAbAda, 1968 (2) 'di ArkiTekcarala TrITameNTa oNva di ajitanAtha Tempala aiTa tAraMgA', vidyA, khaM0 14, aM0 2, agasta 1971, pR0 50-77 di hArTa oNva jainijama, AksaphorDa, 1915 smitha, vI0 e0, vi jaina stUpa aiNDa adara enTikviTIja oNva mathurA, vArANasI, 1969 ( pu0 mu0 ) smitha, vI0 e0 tathA blaika, epha0 sI0, [ jaina pratimAvijJAna 'Abjaravezana Ana sama candela enTikviTIja', ja0e0 so0 baM0, khaM0 58, aM0 4, 1879, pR0 285 - 96 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaM0 1, itihAsa samiti prakAzana 3, jayapura, 1971

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citra-sUcI citra - saMkhyA 1 : har3appA se prApta mUrti, la0 2300-1750 I0 pU0, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI, pR0 45 2 : jina mUrti, lohAnIpura (paTanA, bihAra), la0 tIsarI zatI I0 pU0, paTanA saMgrahAlaya, pR0 45 3 : AyAgapaTa, kaMkAlITIlA ( mathurA, u0pra0), la0 pahalI zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 249), pR0 47 4 : RSabhanAtha, mathurA (u0pra0), la0 pAMcavIM zatI, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (bI 7), pR0 86 5 : RSabhanAtha, akoTA ( bar3audA, gujarAta), la0 pAMcavIM zatI, bar3audA saMgrahAlaya, pR0 86 6 : RSabhanAtha, kosama ( u0pra0), la0 navIM dasavIM zatI 7 : RSabhanAtha, uraI ( jAlona, u0pra0), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (16.0.178), pR0 88 8 : RSabhanAtha mandira 1, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0pra0), la0 11vIM zatI, pR0 89-90 9 : RSabhanAtha kI cauvIsI, surohara ( dinAjapura, bAMgalA deza), la0 10vIM zatI varendra zodha saMgrahAlaya, rAjazAhI, bAMgalA deza (1472), pR0 91 10 : RSabhanAtha, bhelovA ( dinAjapura, bAMgalA deza), la0 11vIM zatI, dinAjapura saMgrahAlaya, bAMgalA deza 11 : RSabhanAtha, saMka ( puruliyA, baMgAla), la0 10vIM 11vIM zatI 12 : RSabhanAtha ke jIvanadRzya (nIlAMjanA kA nRtya), kaMkAlI TIlA (mathurA, u0pra0), la0pahalI zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 354), pR0 92 13 : RSabhanAtha ke jIvanadRzya, mahAvIra mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI, pU0 94 14 : RSabhanAtha ke jIvanadRzya, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI, pR0 93-94 15 : ajitanAtha mandira 12 (cahAradIvArI), devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0pra0), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI 16 : saMbhavanAtha, kaMkAlITIlA (mathurA, u0pra0), kuSANa kAla - 126 I0, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 19), pR0 97 17 : caMdraprabha, kauzAmbI ( ilAhAbAda, u0pra0), navIM zatI, ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (295), pR0 103 18 : vimalanAtha, vArANasI ( u0pra0), la0 navIM zatI, sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya, vArANasI ( 236), pR0 106 19 : zAMtinAtha, pamosA ( ilAhAbAda, u0pra0), 11vIM zatI, ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (533), pR0 110 20 : zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 1119 - 20 I0, pR0 108 21 : zAMtinAtha kI cauvIsI, pazcimI bhArata, 1510 I0, bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (21733) 22 : zAMtinAtha aura neminAtha ke jIvanadRzya, mahAvIra mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI, pR0 111-12, 122-23 23 : mallinAtha, unnAva ( u0pra0), 11vIM zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 885), pR0 114 24 : munisuvrata, pazcimI bhArata, 11vIM zatI, gavarnamenTa seNTrala myUjiyama, jayapura, pR0 114 25 : neminAtha, mathurA (u0 pra0), la0 cauthI zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 121), pR0 118 26 : neminAtha, rAjaghATa ( vArANasI, u0pra0), la0 sAtavIM zatI, bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (212), pR0 118-19 27 : neminAtha, mandira 2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI, pR0 120 28 : neminAtha, mathurA (? u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (66.53), pR0 119 37

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290 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna 29 : neminAtha ke jIvanadRzya, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI, pR0 121-22 30 : pArzvanAtha, kaMkAlITIlA ( mathurA, u0 pra0), la0 pahalI dUsarI zatI I0, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 39) 31 : pArzvanAtha, mandira 12 (cahAradIvArI ), devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 129 32 : pArzvanAtha, mandira 6, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI, pR0 129 33 : pArzvanAtha, rAjasthAna, 11vIM - 12vIM zatI, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, naI dillI (39.202), pR0 128 34 : mahAvIra, kaMkAlITIlA, (mathurA, u0 pra0), kuSANa kAla, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (je 53), pR0 136 35 : mahAvIra, vArANasI ( u0 pra0), la0 chaThI zatI, bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI (161), pR0 137 36 : jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, akoTA (bar3audA, gujarAta), la0 chaThI zatI, bar3audA saMgrahAlaya, pR0 137 37 : jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, osiyA (jodhapura, rAjasthAna), toraNa, 11vIM zatI 38 : mahAvIra, mandira 12 ke samIpa, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI, pR0 138 39 : mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya (garbhApaharaNa), kaMkAlITIlA, ( mathurA, u0 pra0), ( je0 626), pR0 139 11vIM zatI, pR0 139-42 11vIM zatI, pR0 142-43 40 : mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya, mahAvIra mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 41 : mahAvIra ke jIvanadRzya, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 42 : jina mUrtiyAM, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI, zAMtinAtha saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( ke 4-7 ) 43 : gomukha, hathamA ( rAjasthAna), laM0 10vIM zatI, rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera (270), pR0 163 44 : cakrezvarI, mathurA (u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA ( DI 6), pR0 168 45 : cakrezvarI, mandira 11 ke samIpa kA staMbha, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 170 46 : cakrezvarI, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, sAhU jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha, pR0 170 47 : rohiNI, mandira 11 ke samIpa kA staMbha, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 175 48 : sumAlinI yakSI (caMdraprabha), mandira 12, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0) 862 I0, pR0 188-89 49 : sarvAnubhUti (kubera), devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI, pR0 221 50 : ambikA, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA (DI 7), navIM zatI, pR0 226-27 51 : ambikA mandira 12, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI, pR0 226 pahalI zatI, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU 52 : ambikA, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 10vIM zatI, pR0 230 53 : ambikA, patiyAnadAI mandira (satanA, ma0 pra0) 11vIM zatI, ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (293), pR0 161 54 : ambikA, vimalavasahI, AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna ), 12vIM zatI, pR0 226 55 : padmAvatI, zahaDola ( ma0pra0), 11vIM zatI, ThAkura sAhaba saMgraha, zahaDola, pu0 239 56 : padmAvatI, neminAtha mandira (pazcimI devakulikA), kuMmAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 12vIM zatI, pR0 237 57 : uttaraMga, yakSiyAM (ambikA, cakrezvarI, padmAvatI) tathA navagraha, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma0pra0), 11vIM zatI, jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( 1467), pR0 169, 239 58 : RSabhanAtha evaM ambikA, khaNDagiri ( purI, ur3IsA), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI 59 : pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra aura zAsanadeviyAM, bArabhujI guphA, khaNDagiri, (purI, ur3IsA), la0 11vIM - 12vIM zatI, 60 : RSabhanAtha aura mahAvIra, dvitIrthI - mUrti, khaNDagiri ( purI, ur3IsA), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI, briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana (99), pR0 145 61 : dvitIrthI- jina-mUrtiyAM, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI, zAMtinAtha saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho, pR0 145 62 : vimalanAtha evaM kuMthunAtha, dvitIrthI mUrti, mandira 1, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM rAtI, pR0 145-46 63 : dvitIrthI- jina-mUrti, mandira 3, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la011 vIM zatI, pR0 145

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citra-sUcI ] 64 : tritIrthI- jina-mUrti, mandira 29, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), la010 vIM zatI, pR0 147 65 : tritIrthI-mUrti (sarasvatI evaM jina), mandira 1, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 147 66 : jina - caumukhI, kaMkAlITIlA (mathurA, u0 pra0), kuSANa kAla, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, pR0 149 67 : jina - caumukhI, ahAr3a ( TIkamagar3ha, ma0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI, dhubelA saMgrahAlaya (32) 68 : jina caumukhI, pakbIrA ( puruliyA, baMgAla), la0 11vIM zatI, pR0 152 69 : caumukhI - jinAlaya, indaura ( gunA, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 149-50 70 : bharata cakravartI, mandira 2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 69 71 : bAhubalI, zravaNabelagolA ( hasana, karnATaka), la0 navIM zatI, priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI (105) 72 : bAhubalI, guphA 32 ( indrasabhA ), elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI 73 . : . bAhubalI gommaTezvara, zravaNabelagolA (hasana, karnATaka), la0 983 I0 74 : bAhubalI, mandira 2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 69 75 : tritIrtho mUrti (bAhubalI evaM jina), mandira 2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI, pR0 147 76 : sarasvatI, neminAtha mandira (pazcimI devakulikA), kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 12vIM zatI, pR0 55 77 : gaNeza, neminAtha mandira, kuMmAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 12vIM zatI, pR0 55 78 : solaha mahAvidyAeM, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMmAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI, pR0 54 79 : bAhya bhitti, mahAvidyAeM aura yakSa-yakSiyAM, ajitanAtha mandira, tAraMgA (mehasANA, gujarAta), 12vIM zatI, pR0 56 AbhAra pradarzana ( citra saMkhyA 13, 17-20, 22, 24-26, 29, 33, 43, 44, 50, 53 55, 57, 67, 69, 71, 72 amerikana insTiTyUTa oNva iNDiyana sTaDIja, rAmanagara, vArANasI; citra saMkhyA 1-3, 5, 6, 9-12, 23, 30, 38, 39, 52, 58-60, 68, 73 jaina jarnala, kalakattA; citra saMkhyA 21, 35 bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI evaM citra saMkhyA 79 ela0 DI0 insTiTyUTa, ahamadAbAda ke saujanya se sAbhAra / ) 291

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. Male torso, Harappa (Pakistan), ca. 2300-1750 B. C., National Museum, New Delhi. 2. Polished torso of a sky-clad Jina, Lohanipur (Patna, Bihar), ca, third century B. C., Patna Museum. 3. Ayagapata (Tablet of Homage), showing eight auspicious symbols and a Jina figure seated cross-legged in dhyana-mudra in the centre, set up by Sihanadika, Kankali Tila (Mathura, U. P.), ca. first century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 249). The eight auspicious. symbols are matsya-yugala (a pair of fish), vimana (a heavenly car), rivatsa, vardhamanaka (a powder-box), tilaka-ratna or tri-ratna, padma (a full blown lotus), indrayasti or vaijayant or sthapana and mangala-kalasa (full vase. 4. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in dhyana-mudra on a lion-throne with falling hair-locks, Mathura (U. P.), ca. fifth century A. D., Archaeological Museum, Mathura (B7). 5. Jina Rsabhanath (Ist), standing erect with both hands reaching upto the knees in kayotsargamudra (the attitude of dismissing the body) with falling hair-locks and wearing a dhoti (Svetambara), Akota (Baroda, Gujarat), ca. fifth century A. D., Baroda Museum. 6. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in dhyana-mudra with falling hair-locks, arta-mahapratiharyas (eight chief attendant attributes or objects) and yaksa-yaksi pair, Kosam (U. P.), ca. ninth-tenth century A. D. The list of asta-mahapratiharyas include asoka tree, tri-chatra, divya-dhvani, deva-dundubhi, simhasana, prabhamandala, camaradhara and surapuspa-visti (scattering of flowers by gods). 7. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in dhyana-mudra with lateral strands, asta-mahapratiharyas, yaksa-yaksi pair, bull cognizance and tiny Jina figures, Orai (Jalaun, U. P.), ca. 10th-11th century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (10.0.178). 8. Jina Rsabhanatha (1st), seated in dhyana-mudra with asta-mahapratiharyas, yaksa-yakst pair (Gomukha-Cakresvart) and bull cognizance, Temple No. 1, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), ca. 11th century A. D. 9. Caturvitsati image (Cauvist) of Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in dhyana-mudra with jatamukuta, falling hair locks, bull cognizance and 23 tiny figures of subsequent jinas, Surohar (Dinajpur, Bangla Desh), ca. 10th century A. D., Varendra Research Museum, Rajshahi, Bangla Desh (1472). The striking feature is that the tiny Jina figures are provided with identifying marks (lanchanas). 10. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), sky-clad and standing in kayotsarga-mudra with pratiharyas, bull cognizance and diminutive Jina figures, Bhelowa (Dinajpur, Bangla Desh), ca. 11th century A. D., Dinajpur Museum.

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List of Illustrations] PSP 11. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), sky-clad and standing in kayotsarga-mudra with pratiharyas, bull cognizance and tiny Jina figures, Sanka (Purulia, Bengal), ca. 10th-11th century A. D. 121 Narrative Panel, from the life of Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist): Dance of Nilanjana (the divine dancer), the cause of the renunciation of Rsabhanatha, Kankali Tila (Mathura, U. P.), ca. first century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 354). 13. Narratives, from the life of Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), showing pancakalyanakas (cyavanacoming on earth, Janma-birth, diksa-renunciation, Jana-omniscience and nirvanaemancipation) and some other important events; and also the figures of yaksa-yaksi pair, ceiling of Mahavira Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. 14. Narratives, from the life of Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), exhibiting pancakalyanakas, scene of fight between Bharata and Bahubali, and Gomukha yaksa and Cakresvar! yaksi, ceiling of Santinatha Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. 15. Jina Ajitanatha (2nd), seated in dhyana-mudra with elephant cognizance, yaksa-yakst pair asta-mahapratiharyas, Temple No 12 (enclosure wall), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), ca. 10th-11th century A. D. 16. Sambhavanatha (3rd), seated in dhyana-mudra on a simhasana (lion-throne), Kankal Tila (Mathura, U. P.), Kusana Period-126 A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 19). The name of the Jina is inscribed in the pedestal inscription. 17. Jina Candraprabha (8th), seated in dhyana-mudrd with crescent cognizance, yaksa-yaksi pair and asta-mahapratiharyas, Kausamb1 (Allahabad, U. P.), ninth century A. D., Allahabad Museum (295). 18. Jina Vimalanatha (13th) sky-clad and standing in kayotsarga-mudra with boar as cognizance and flywhisk bearers as attendants, Varanasi (U. P.), ca. ninth century A. D., Sarnath Museum, Varanasi (236). 19. Jina Santinatha (16th), seated in dhyana-mudra and joined by two sky-clad Jinas standing in kayotsarga-mudra, Pabhosa (Allahabad, U. P.), 11th century A. D., Allahabad Museum (533). The malanayaka is shown with deer lanchana, yaksa-yaksi pair, asa-mahapratiharyas and small Jina figures. 20. Jina Santinatha (16th), standing in kayotsarga-mudra and wearing a dhoti (Svetambara) and accompanied by cortege of asta-mahapratiharyas, Santidevi, Mahavidyas, yaksa-yaksi pair and dharmacakra (flanked by two deers), Parsvanatha Temple (Gudhamandapa), Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 1119-20 A. D. 21. Cauvist of Jina Santinatha (16th), seated in dhyana-mudra with tiny figures of 23 Jinas and yaksa-yaksi pair, Western India, 1510 A. D., Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi (21733). The name of the Jina is inscribed in the inscription.

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna 22. Narratives, from the lives of Santinatha (16th-right half) and Neminatha (22nd-left half) Jinas, showing the usual pancakalyunakas, the scenes of trial of strength between Ktsna and Neminatha (in which Nemi emerged victor), and the marriage and consequent renunciation of Neminatha, ceiling of Mahavira Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. 23. Jina Mallinatha (19th), seated in meditation, Unnao (U. P.), 11th century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 885). The figure is the product of the Svetambara sect in asmuch as the Jina here is rendered as female which is in conformity with the Svetambara tradition. 24. Jina Munisuvrata (20th), standing in kayotsarga-mudra and wearing a dhoti (Svetambara), tortoise emblem on pedestal, Western India, 11th century A. D., Government Central 22. Museum, Jaipur. 25. Jina Neminatha (22nd), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra on a simhasana with the figures of Balarama and Krsna Vasudeva (the cousin brothers of Neminatha) and Jinas (3), Mathura (U. P.), ca. fourth century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 121). 26. Jina Neminatha (22nd), seated in meditation on a simhasana with asta-mahapratiharyas and yaksa-yaksi pair (yaksi being Ambika, traditionally associated with Neminatha), the latter being carved below the simhasana, Rajgha (Varanasi, U. P.), ca, seventh century A. D., Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi (212). 27. Jina Neminatha (22nd), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with asta-mahapratiharyas and yaksa-yaksi pair and also accompanied by two-armed Balarama and four-armed Klna Vasudeva on two flanks, Temple No.2, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 10th century A.D. 28. Jina Neminatha (22nd), standing in kayotsarga-mudra and wearing a dhoti (Svetambara) with pratiharyas, tiny Jina figures and four-armed Balarama and Krsna Vasudeva, Mathura (? U. P.), 11th century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (66.53). The lower portion of the image is, however, damaged. 29. Narratives, from the life of Jina Neminatha (22nd), portraying usual pancakalyanakas . along with scenes from his marriage and also showing the temple of his yaksi Ambika, ceiling of Santinatha Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. 30. Jina Parsvanatha (23rd), seated in meditation with seven headed snake canopy overhead, Kankali sila (Mathura, U. P.), ca Ist-2nd century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J39). 31. Jina Parsvanatha (23rd), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with sevenheaded snake canopy overhead and kukkuta-sarpa (cognizance) on the pedestal, Temple No. 12 (enclosure wall), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. 32. Jina Parsvanatha (23rd), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with two snakes flanking the Jina, Temple No. 6, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 10th century A. D.

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List of Illustrations] 295 33. Jina Parsvanatha (23rd), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with seven headed snake canopy overhead and its coils being extended down to the feet of the Jina; hovering maladharas and flanking attendants, Rajasthan, I1th-12th century A.D., National Museum, New Delhi (39.202). 34. Jina Mahavira (24th), seated in meditation on a simhasana with his name 'Vardhamana' being carved in the pedestal inscription, Kankalt Tila (Mathura, U. P.), Kusana Period, State Museum, Lucknow (J53). 35. Jina Mahavira (24th), seated in meditation on lotus seat (visva-padma) with pratiharyas, small Jina figures and lion cognizance (carved on two sides of the dharmacakra), Varanasi (U. P.), ca. sixth century A. D., Bharat Kala Bhavan, Varanasi (161). 36. Jivantasvami Mahavira (prior to renunciation and performing tapas in the palace), standing in kayotsarga-mudra and wearing a dhoti (Svetambara) and usual royal ornaments, Akota (Baroda, Gujarat), ca. sixth century A. D., Baroda Museum. 37. JIvantasvami Mahavira, standing in kayotsarga-mudra and wearing a dhot1 (Svetambara) and usual royal ornaments, Osia (Jodhpur, Rajasthan), Torana, 11th century A. D. 38. Jina Mahavira (24th), seated in dhyana-mudra with usual asta-mahapratiharyas, yaksa yaks pair and lion cognizance, Temple No. 12, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), ca. 11th century A. D. 39. Narrative Panel, from the life of Jina Mahavira (24th): Transfer of embryo (garbhapaharana) by god Naigames (goat-faced), Kankali Tila (Mathura, U. P.), first century A. D., State Museum, Lucknow (J 626). Narratives, from the life of Jina Mahavira (24th), showing usual pancakalyanakas and also the upasargas (hindrances) created by demons and yaksas at the time of Mahavira's tapas, and the story of Candanabala and scenes from previous births, ceiling of Mahavira Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. 41. Narratives, from the life of Jina Mahavira (24th), showing usual pancakalyanakas and also the upasargas, story of Candanabala and scenes from previous births, ceiling of Sintinatha Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D. Jina Images, exhibiting Mahavira (24th) and Rsabhanatha (Ist), Khajuraho (Chatarpur, M. P.), ca. 10th-11th century A. D., Santinatha Museum, Khajuraho (K 4-7). Gomukha, yaksa of Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in lalitasana, 4-armed, showing abhaya-mudra, parasu, sarpa and matulinga (fruit), Hathma (Rajasthan), ca. 10th century A. D., Rajputana Museum, Ajmer (270). Cakresvari, yakst of Rsabhanatha (Ist), standing in samabhanga, garuda vahana, 10-armed, discs in nine surviving hands, Mathura (U. P.), 10th century A. D., Archaeological Museum, Mathura (D6).

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[jaina pratimAvijJAna 46. 47. A Cakresvari, yaksi of Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in lalitasana, garuda vahana (human), 10-armed, showing varada-mudra, arrow, mace, sword, disc, disc, shield, thunderbolt, bow and conch, Temple No. 11 (Manastambha), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. Cakresvari, yaksi of Rsabhanatha (Ist), seated in lalita-pose, garuda mount (human), 20-armed, showing discs in two upper hands, disc, sword, quiver (?), mudgara, disc, mace, rosary, axe, thunderbolt, bell, shield, staff with flag, conch, bow, disc, snake, spear and disc, Deogarh (1 alitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D., Sahu Jaina Museum, Deo arh. Rohini, yaksi of Ajitanatha (2nd), seated in lalita-pose, cow as conveyance, 8-armed, bears varada-mudra, goad, arrow, disc, noose, bow, spear and fruit, Temple No. 11 (Manastambha), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. 48. Sumalini, yaksi of Candraprabha (Sth), standing, lion vehicle, 4-armed, carries sword, abhaya-mudra, shield and thigh-posture, Temple No. 12, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 862 A. D. 49. Sarvanubhuti (or Kubera), yaksa of Neminatha (22nd), seated in lalitasana, 2-armed, holds fruit and purse (made of mongoose-skin), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U.P.), 10th century A. D. 50. Ambika, yaksi of Neminatha (22rd), seated in lalita-pose, lion vahana, 2-armed, bears abhaya-mudra and a child, Provenance not known, ninth century A. D., Archaeological Museum, Mathura (D7). The figures of Jina, Ganesa, Kubera, Balarama, Krsna Vasudeva, asta-matskas and second son are also rendered. 51. Ambika, yaksi of Neminatha (22nd), standing, lion as conveyance, 2-armed, holds a bunch of mangoes and a child (clasping in the lap), nearby second son, Temple No. 12, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 10th century A. D. 52. Ambika, yaksi of Neminatha (22nd), seated in lalita-mudra, lion vehicle, 2-armed, one surviving hand supports a child seated in lap, Ellora (Aurangabad, Maharashtra), ca 10th centu y A. D. 53. Ambika, yaksi of Neminatha (22nd), standing, lion vehicle, 4-armed, all the hands being damaged, two sons on two sides, tiny figures of Jinas (nude) and 23 yaksis in parikara, Patiandai Temple, Satna (M.P.), 11th century A. D., Allahabad Museum (293). The 23 yaksi figures of the parikara are 4-armed and their respective names are inscribed under their figures. However, the names of the yaksis in some cases are not in conformity with the lists available in Digambara texts, The image is unique in the sense that all the 24 yaksis of Jaina pantheon have been carved at one place, 54. Ambika, yaksi of Neminatha (22nd), seated in lalitasana, lion mount, 4-armed, holds bunches of mangoes in three hands while with one she supports a child (clasped in the lap), second son standing nearby and branch of mango tree overhead, Vimala Vasahi, abu (Sirohi, Rajasthan), 12th century A. D.

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List of Illustrations ] 297 55. Padmavati, yaksi of Parsvanatba (23rd), seated cross-legged, kurma vahana, fiveheaded cobra overhead, 12-armed, bears varada-mudra, sword, axe, arrow, thunderbolt, disc (ring), shield, mace, goad, bow, snake and lotus; naga-nagi figures on two flanks and the figure of Parsvanatha with sevenheaded snake canopy over the head of Padmavati, Shahdol (M.P.), 11th century A. D., Thakur Sahib Collection, Shahdol. 56. Padmavati, yaksi of Parsvanatha (23rd), seated in lalitasana, kukkuta-sarpa as vahana, fivebeaded snake canopy overhead, 4-armed, holds varadaksa, goad, noose and fruit, Neminatha Temple (western Devakulika), Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 12th century A. D. 57. Door-lintel, showing the figures of 4-armed (from left) Ambika, Cakresvari and Padmavati yaksis, all seated in lalitasana, and 2-armed Navagrahas, Khajuraho (Chatarpur, M. P.), 11th century A. D., Jardin Museum, Khajuraho (1467). Ambika with lion vehicle shows rolled lotuses in upper hands, while in two lower hands, she carries a bunch of mangoes and a child. Cakresvari rides a garuda (human) and holds varada-mudra, mace, disc and conch (mutilated). Padmavati, shaded by sevenheaded snake canopy, rides a kukkuta and bears in three su viving hands varada-mudra, noose and goad. 58. Jina Rsabhanatha (Ist), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with tall jata-mukuta, bull cognizance and usual pratiharyas and 2-armed Ambika standing at right extremity, Khandagiri (Puri, Orissa), ca. 10th-11th century A. D. 59. Jina Parsvanatha (23rd-with sevenheaded cobra overhead) and Mahavira (24th-with lion cognizance), both seated in dhyana-mudra with their respective yaksis (Padmavati and Siddhayika), Barabhuji Gumpha, Khndagiri (Puri, Orissa), ca. 11th-12th century A. D. 60. Dvit irthi Jina Image, showing Rsabhanatha (Ist) and Mahavira (24th) with bull and lion cognizances and standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with usual pratiharyas, Khandagiri (Puri, Orissa), ca. 10th-11th century A. D., British Museum, London (99). 61. Dvitirthi Jina Images, without emblems but with usual asta-mahapratiharyas, tiny Jina figures and yaksa-yaksi pairs, Jinas standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra, Khajuraho (Chatarpur, M. P.), ca. 11th century A. D., Santinatha Museum, Kbajuraho. 62. Dvit irthi Jipa Image, exhibiting Vimalanatha (13th) and Kunthunatha (17th) with their respective cognizances, boar and goat, and pratiharyas, standing as sky-clad in kayotsargamudra, Temple No. 1, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. 63. Dvitirthi Jina Image, portraying Jinas as standing sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra without cognizances but with usual asta-mahapratiharyas and diminutive Jina figures, Temple No. 3, Khajuraho (Chatarpur, M. P.) ca. 11th century A. D. 38

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65 TO [jaina pratimAvijJAna 64. Tritirthi Jina Image, exhibiting Neminatha (22nd), seated in meditation in the centre, with Sarvanubhuti yaksa and Ambika yaksi at throne and Parsvanatha (23rd-with sevenheaded snake canopy) and Suparsvanatha (7th-with fiveheaded cobra hoods overhead) on right and left flanks, Temple No. 29 (sikhara), Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), ca. 10th century A. D. The flanking Jinas are, however, standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra. All the Jinas are provided with usual asta-pratiharyas. Tritirthi Image, portraying two Jinas (Ajitanatha-2nd and Sambhavanatha-3rd) and Sarasvati (the goddess of learning and music), Temple No. 1, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), Ilth century A. D. The Jinas are standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with usual asta-pratiharyas and cognizances (elephant and horse). Sarasvati (4-armed) stands in tribhanga with peacock vahana and carries varada-mudra, rosary, lotus and manuscript. 66. Jina-Caumukhi (Pratima-Sarvatobhadrika), an image auspicious from all sides, portraying four Jinas standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra on four sides, Kankali Tila (Mathura, U. P.), Kusana Period, State Museum, Lucknow. Of the four, only two Jinas are identifiable on the strength of identifying marks; they are Rsabhanatha (Ist-with hanging hair-locks) and Parsvanatha (23rd-with seven headed snake canopy). 67. Jina-Caumukhi, exhibiting four Jinas seated in meditation on four sides with usual asta pratiharyas and yaksa-yaksi pairs and its top being modelled after the sikhara of a North Indian Temple (Devakulika), Ahar (Tikamgarh, M. P.), ca. 11th century A. D., Dhubela Museum (32). 68. Jina-Caumukhi, in the form of Devakulika (small shrine) and portraying four Jinas standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra and identifiable with Rsabhanatha (Ist), Santinatha (16th), Kunthunatha (17th) and Mahavira (24th) on account of bull, deer, goat and lion emblems, Pakbira (Purulia, Bengal), ca. 11th century A. D. 69. Caumukhi, Jinalaya (Sarvatobhadrika Shrine), showing four principal Jinas seated in dhyana-mudra with usual asta-pratiharyas and yaksa-yaksi pairs, Indor (Guna, M. P.), 11th century A. D. A number of small Jinas, Acaryas and tutelary couples (with child in lap) are also depicted all around. 70. Bharata Cakravartin, standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with some of the pratiharyas (triple parasol, drum-beater, hovering maladharas) and conventional nine treasures (navanidhis-in the form of nine vases topped by the figure of Kubera) and fourteen jewels (ratnas-cakra, chatra, thunderbolt, sword, elephant, horse etc.), Temple No.2, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. 71. Bahubali (or Gommatesvara), the second son of first Jina Rsabhanatha, standing as sky clad in kayotsarga-mudra with the rising creepers entwiping round legs and hands, Srvanabelgola (Hassan, Karnataka), ca. ninth century A. D., Prince of Wales Museum, Bombay (105). According to Jaina Works, Bahubali obtained kevala-jnana (omniscience) through rigorous austerities and stood in kayotsarga-mudra for one whole year and during

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List of Illustrations] 299 the course of his tapas snakes, lizards and scorpions crept on his body and meandering vines. entwined round his hands and legs, which all suggest the deep meditation of Bahubali and also that he remained immune to his surroundings. 72. Bahubali, standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with madhavi creepers and also the figures of deer, snakes, mice, scorpions and a dog carved nearby, Cave 32 (Indra Sabha), Ellora (Aurangabad, Maharashtra), ca. ninth century A. D. Bahuball is flanked by the figures of two Vidyadharis, who according to Digambara Puranas removed the entwining creepers from the body of Bahuball. Besides, the figure of a devotee (probably his elder brother Bharata Cakravartin), the chatra, hovering maladharas and a drum-beater are also carved. 73. Bahubali Gommatesvara (57 ft.), standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra with climbing plant fastened round his thighs and hands, and ant-hills, carved nearby, with snakes issuing out of them, Sravanabelgola (Hassan, Karnataka), ca. 983 A. D. The half-shut eyes of Bahubali suggest deep meditation and inward look. The nudity of the figure indicates the absolute renunciation of a kevalin, and the stiff erectness of posture firm determination and self-control. The face has a benign smile, serenity and contemplative gaze. James Fergusson observes: "Nothing grander or more imposing exists anywhere out of Egypt, and, even there, no known statue surpasses it in height"-(History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, London, 1910, p. 72). The image was got prepared by Camundaraya, the minister of the Ganga King Racamalla IV (974-984 A. D.). 74. Bahubali, standing as nude in kayotsarga-mudra with asta-pratiharyas, devotees, climbing plant (entwining legs and hands), lizards, snakes, scorpions (creeping on leg) and a royal figure (probably Bharata Cakravartin), sitting on left, Temple No. 2, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th century A. D. 75. Trittrth Image, showing Bahuball with two Jinas, namely, Sitalanatha (10th) and Abhinandana (4th), all standing as sky-clad in kayotsarga-mudra and accompanied by usual cortege of asta-pratiharyas, adorers, and meandering vines entwining round the hands and legs of Bahubali, Temple No. 2, Deogarh (Lalitpur, U. P.), 11th Century A. D. 76. Sarasvati, seated in lalita-pose, peacock vahana, 4-armed, holds varada-mudra, lotus, vina and manuscript, Neminatha Temple (Western Devakulika), Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 12th century A. D. 77. Ganesa, elephant-headed, pot-bellied, seated in lalitasana, musaka vahana, 4-armed, bears tusk, axe, long-stalked lotus and pot filled with sweetballs (modaka-patra), Neminatha Temple (adhisthana), Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 12th century A. D. 78. Sixteen Jaina Mahavidyas (only 12 are) seen in the figure), all possessing four hands and seated in lalitasana with distinguishing attributes, Bhramika ceiling of Santinatha Temple, Kumbharia (Banaskantha, Gujarat), 11th century A. D 79. Exterior wall, showing figures of Mahavidyas, yaksas and yaksis, Ajitanatha Temple, Taranga (Mehasana, Gujarat), 12th century A. D. .

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aMkuzA - 107, 200-01 aMgadi jaina bastI -- 230 aMgavijjA -- 1, 29, 33 akoTA - 15, 20, 38, 51, 53, 82, 86, 87, 96, 119, 126-27, 137, 150, 156, 220, 225, 231, 233, 248, 250, 252 zabdAnukramaNikA' akolA -- 243, 247 acirA - 108 acchuptA--- 215 acyutA - 100, 112, 183-84; 251 ajAtazatru - 14 ajita - 104, 189 ajitanAtha - 95 - 97, 146, 147, 149, 151, 173 75, 250-51 ajitabalA - 96, 174 ajitA - 96, 106, 153, 174-75, 196 aTarU -- 128 anantadeva -- 200 anantanAtha -- 107, 199-201, 250 anantamatI - 107, 200-01 anantavIryA - 201 anArya - 141 antagaDdasAo - 32, 34, 35, 49, 251 aparAjita pRcchA - 11, 157, 166, 173, 176, 17879, 182 - 84, 186-88, 19096, 198, 200, 202-05, 207-08, 210, 211, 214-16, 218, 223, 232, 236, 239, 244 aparAjita vimAna deva - 122 abhidhAnacintAmaNi - 38, 44 abhinandana - 98 - 99, 146-47, 151, 178-80 abhilekha arthaNA - 26 ahAr3a --- 27 udayagiri guphA - 20 osiyA - 22, 25, 248 kauma - 20,51 khajurAho - 27, 248 jAlora - 23, 26, 248 tAraMgA - 23 diyANA - 25 dubakuNDa - 27 devagar3ha --26 dhubelA saMgrahAlaya -- 27 pahAr3apura --- 20 bahurabandha 27 bIjApura - 25 mathurA - 18 hAthIgumphA - 17 abhiSeka lakSmI - 206 abhogarohiNI - 197 abhogaratiNa - 197 amarasara - 119 amohini paTa-47 ambAyikA - 226 ambikA-2, 66, 67, 69-72, 74-79, 87 90, 92, 94, 95, 98, 99, 101-02, 106-10, 112, 114-15, 117, 119-24, 126-31, 135, 137-38, 144, 147, 151, 15556, 158-62, 167, 172, 180, 182, 186, 188, 209, 216, 218-19, 221, aparAjitA - 114, 153, 212-13, 246 apraticakrA - 156, 166-67 apsarA mUrtiyAM - 72 1 zabdAnukramaNikA meM kevala mUlapATha ke hI sandarbhoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai /

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zabdAnukramaNikA ] 301 222-31, 233, 238, 240-41, 24 Agama grantha-29 249-53 AgarA-115, 119, 150-51 ambikA-tATaMka-223 AcAradinakara-37, 44, 56, 157, 162, 166, ambikAdevI-kalpa-224 174, 176, 182-85, 188-89, 191ambikAnagara-78, 79, 92, 110, 131, 152, 229 92, 194, 199, 205, 207-09, ambikA mandira-59 / 213, 216-18, 244 ayahola-135, 16", 230 ATha graha-88, 89, 91, 92, 96, 109, 126-28, ayodhyA-96, 98, 99, 107 aranAtha-113, 209-11, 250 AnandamaMgalaka guphA (kAMcI)-230 aravinda-132 AbU-220, 237, 249 ariSTanemi-31, 49, 117, 226 lUNavasahI-2, 64-65, 109, 115, 117, 119, arthazAstra-16, 17 121, 123-24, 128, 132, 134, 152, 167, 217-18, 233, 237-38, aluArA-76, 91, 97, 104, 106, 112, 121, 242, 249-50, 253 131, 139, 145, 229 vimalavasahI-2, 62-64, 87, 99, 101, 106-07, avasarpiNI-14, 31-32, 85, 95, * 97-100, 102, 109, 111-12, 114, 117, 121, 104-08, 112-14, 116-17, 124, 123, 128, 134, 136, 150, 152136, 266 53, 159, 163, 167, 182, 185-. azavakherA-137 86, 196, 200-02, 207, 209, azoka-149 214, 216, 221, 223, 226, azoka vRkSa-107, 113,117 231, 233, 235, 237-38, 241azokA-105, 191-92 42, 245, 249-51, 253 azvapratibodha-116 AmrabhaTTa-116 azvamedha yajJa-116 AmravRkSa-113 azva lAMchana-97, 98 AmrAdevI-223 azvasena-124, 133 AyAgapaTa-3, 4, 12, 47, 48, 80, 125, 248, azvAvabodha-115-16, 250 aSTa-dikpAla-249 AyudhazAlA-122-23 / aSTa-prAtihArya-48, 50,81, 83, 84, 145-46, 148, , Ara0 pI0 candA-4 250, 266 Ara0 sI0 agravAla-9 aSTamAMgalika cihna-12, 266 AraMga-105 aSTamAtRkA-226 ArdrakumAra-kathA--64 aSTa-vAsuki-74 AyavatI paTa-47 aSTApada parvata-86 ArA-76, 97 asthigrAma-140 AvazyakacUrNi-15, 40, 86, 95, 124 ahamadAbAda-53, 96 Avazyaka niyukti-1, 40 ahAr3a-59, 75, 110, 151 Avazyaka vRtti-16 ahicchatrA nagara-134 AyAdhara-83

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[ maina pratimAvijJAna iTAvA--137 upasarga-125, 131-35, 139-41, 143, 250, 266 indaura-149 upAsakadeva-154 indra-33-34, 61, 93, 94, 122, 124, 133-34, uraI--171 136, 139-43, 153-54, 173, 179, 210, Una-75 253 UdamaU-100 indrabhUti-143 indrANI-77, 175 RjupAlikA-136 RSabhadatta-136 Izvara-65, 98, 105, 178, 193, 251-52 RSabhanAtha-72, 78, 79, 81-84, 85-95, 119, ugrasena-124 124, 126, 135, 144-47, 149-52, ujenI-110 155-56, 158-59, 162 68, 170-72, ujjayaMtagiri--117 248, 250-52 ur3IsA (mUrti avazeSa)-76-78 RSabhanAtha-nIlAMjanA nRtya-49 uttarapurANa--41, 125 e0 kaniMghama---3, 74 uttarapradeza (murti avazeSa)-66-69 e0 ke0 kumArasvAmI-4, 34 uttarAdhyayanasUtra-30, 32, 34 eca0 ema0 jAnasana-4 utsarpiNI-14, 31, 32 eca0 DI0 saMkaliyA-6 uthamaNa-59 ena0 so0 mehatA-4 udayagiri-khaNDagiri-28, 46, 76-77, 135, 180 epha0 kIlahAna-4 trizUla guphA-77, 92, 97, 99, 100, 102, e0 banarjI-zAstrI-5 104-07, 110, 112-15, 121, | elorA-135, 144, 172, 230, 243 131, 139 osiyAnavamuni guphA-4, 77, 91, 97, 99, 121, 131, jina mUrtiyAM-57-58,84, 101,126-28,136 160, 171, 175-76, 178, 180, 37, 249-50 197, 230, 253 devakulikA--2, 58, 92, 93, 101, 127, 132, bArabhujI guphA-4, 77-78, 97, 99, 100, 102, 134, 220 . . 104-07, 110, 112-15, 117, mahAvIra mandira-12, 57-58, 126, 156, 159121, 131, 139, 160, 162, 60, 214, 220, 225, 233, 171-72, 175-76, 178, 180, 235, 237, 241, 253 182-84, 186, 188, 190, 192, yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyAM-159, 214, 233, 238, 241-42 194-95, 197, 199, 201, 203, hindU mandira-58 206, 209, 211, 213, 215, aupapAtikasUtra-35 218, 230, 246-47, 253 lalATendukesarI guphA-28, 77 kaMkAla-134 udayagiri pahAr3I-131 kaMkAlI TIlA-3, 46-50, 88, 139, 150 udayana-116 kaMpilapura-106 udAyina-14 kagarola-130 unnAva-114 kaTaka-76, 78

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zabdAnukramaNikA ] kaTarA-119, 137 kukkuTa-sarpa-129, 132, 241 kaTha sAdhu-133 kubera-2, 75, 114, 117, 124, 211-12, 219kaNha zramaNa-49 21, 253 kanakatilakA-133 kumardaga-76 kanakaprama muni-133 kumAra-106, 195-96, 198 kandarpa-203 kumArapAlacarita-21 kandarpA-71, 107, 202-03 kumArapAlacau lukya-16, 21, 23, 56, 65, 116, kapardI yakSa-44, 249, 253 248 kapi lAMchana-98-99 kumArI nadI-79 kamaTha-125, 132-33 kumudacandra-83 kambar3a pahAr3I-172 kuMbhAriyA-2, 52-56, 84, 92, 95, 106, 108, karaMjA-247 111, 127, 132-34, 249 kalaza lAMchana-114 jinamUrtiyAM-53-55, 84, 99, 101, 104, 109, kalasamaMgalama-95 114, 117, 127-28, 137 kaliMga-jina-pratimA-17 neminAtha mandira-55, 101, 115, 128, 137, kalugumalAI-230, 241 185-86, 220, 226, 237 kalpasUtra (grantha)-1, 4-6, 11, 15-16, 30-33, 47, | pArzvanAtha mandira-55, 96, 99, 101,103-06, 86, 155, 249 108, 114, 117, 128, 137, kalpasUtra (citra)-92, 94, 121, 124, 134, 139, 233 143 mahAvIra mandira-54-55, 92, 94, 101, 111, kahAvalI-37, 38, 157, 250-51 115, 121-22, 127, 132-34, kAkaTapura-76, 91 139-42, 152-53, 163, 168, kAkandI nagara-104 186, 220, 250 kAntAbeniA-131 yakSa-yakSI-159, 163, 175, 220, 222, 225kAma-203, 218 26, 231, 233, 237, 242, kAma-kriyA saMbaMdhI aMkana-62, 69, 73 zAntinAtha mandira---53-54, 92-94, 108, 111, kAmacaNDAlinI-275 121-22, 132, 134, 139, kAyotsarga-mudrA-46, 47, 83, 266 142-43, 152-153, 163, kArtikeya-195, 198, 210 168, 220, 225-26, 243, kAlakAcArya kathA-17 245, 250, 253 kAlacakra-141, 143 sambhavanAtha mandira-56 kAlikA-98, 179 kumhArI-76 kAlI-98, 101, 103, 179, 185-86, 210 | kuSANa jaina mUrtiyAM--18, 31, 33, 46-49, 81, 86, kAzyapa-232 97, 118, 126, 136 kiMpuruSa-204 kuSmANDinI devI-223-24, 231 kinnara-107, 201-03 kuSmANDI-117, 222-24 kiraNavega-133 kusuma-100, 182 kuMthunAtha-112, 146-47, 151-52, 207-09 kusumamAlinI-218

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304 kUrma lAMchana - 114-15 kRtavarmA - 106 kRSNa - jIvanadRzya - 2, 41 kRSNa deva - 10, 72-74 kRSNa vAsudeva - 2, 41, 49, 57,61,64,65, 117, 122-24, 126, 249-50, 253 kRSNavilAsa - 59 ke0 DI0 vAjapeyI -8 kenduAgrAma -- 78-79, 131 ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla ---5 ke0 pI0 jaina--5 keza luMcana- 86, 93 - 95, 112, 147, 122-23, 125, 134, 136, 140, 143 kaimbe -- 115, 153, 245 koNArka -- 104 koraNTavana -- 116 kauzAmbavana - 125 kauzAmbI - - 100, krauMca lAMchana -- 99, 100 103, 141, 150, 152, 189 klAja bruna----9 kSetrapAla -- 43, 54, 56, 60, 69, 74, 84, 137-38, 249, 251 khajurAho-- 72-75 AdinAtha mandira --74, 169, 228, 253 ghaNTaI mandira - - 73-74, 169 jina mUrtiyAM -- 73, 75, 89, 95,96, 98 - 100, 102-03, 109 - 10, 115, 121, 130, 136, 138, 144-47, 151, 251 pArzvanAtha jaina mandira--2, 39, 72-73, 89, 99, 100, 103, 164, 169, 170, 179, 227-28 yakSa - yakSI - 75, 159, 164, 168-70, 174-75, 177, 179-84, 189, 205-06, 219, 221-22, 228-29, 231, 234, 238-40, 242-43, 246, 252 zAntinAtha mandira - 3, 74-75, 138, 145, 169, 221 solaha deviyAM -74 hindU mandira-73 khaNDagiri- 91, 145, 162 khAravela - 17, 248 kheDbrahmA - 51, 108 khendra - 113, 209-10 gaMgA - 69, 72, 74 gaMdhAvala -- 75, 170 gajapurama - 112 gajalakSmI - 78, 162 gaja lAMchana- 96, 97 gaja- vyAla-makara alaMkaraNa - 85 gaNadhara sArddhazataka bRhadvRtti - 21 gaNeza - 2, 44, 55, 57-60, 77, 78, 92, 226- 27, 233, 249, 252 gandharva - 112, 202, 207 gayA -- 91 garuDa - 108, 203-04, 249 garbhApaharaNa - 49, 81, 136, 139 gAndhAriNI - 112 [ jena pratibhAvijJAna gAndhArI -- 71, 106, 117, 156, 196-97, 217 18, 249, 252 giranAra - 17, 53, 122 gujarAta -- 52-56 gunA - 90 guptakAlIna jaina mUrtiyAM - 49 - 52, 86-87, 137 gurgI - 75, 130 gurjara zAsaka - 20 godhA - 87 gomukha - 74, 84, 86-89, 94, 95, 103, 120, 138, 146, 155, 159, 162-65, 252-53 gomedha - 117, 218-22 gomedhikA -- 105, 191 golakoTa - 90 gaurI - 2, 105, 156, 194, 249, 252 gyArasapura - 70-72, 104, 183, 229, 252, bajarAmaTha-- 72, 88, 102, 115, 121, 164, 170, 222

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zabdAnukramaNikA ] mAlAdevI mandira - 70-72, 109, 120, 138, 144, 159, 168, 175-76, 182, 184, 194-95, 197, 203, 205-06, 221-22, 227, 233, 23 -38, 243, 245-47 graha-mUrtiyAM-97, 112 gvAliyara - 70, 88, 100 ghaTezvara - 91 ghANerAva - devakulikA - 60 mahAvIra mandira - 59-60, 163-64, 175, 220 ghoghA - 53 cakra puruSa - 50 cakravartI pada - 108, 111-13 cakrezvarI - 65, 69, 71-75, 78, 86 91, 94, 95, 120, 138, 146, 155-56, 159-60, 162, 166-73, 241, 244-45, 251-53 cakrezvarI - aSTakama - 167 caNDakauzika - 141 caNDarUpA - 223 caNDA - 106, 196, 218 caNDAlikA- 104, 190 caNDikA - 223 catubimba - - 148, 150 caturmukha - 148, 195, 197-98 caturmukha jinAlaya - 149 caturvidha saMgha - 154 caturviMzatikA - 37, 40-41, 57, 58, 156, 160, 253 caturviMzati jinacaritra - 37, 157 caturviMzati- jina paTTa - 152, 246, 251 catu viMzatistava - 31 candanabAlA - 141-43 candragupta -- 116 candragupta dvitIya - 50, 118 candrapurI - 102 candraprabha -- 50, 98, 102-04, 147, 149, 151-52, 159, 186-89, 248, 250-52 39 candrA - 106, 196 candrAvatI - 66, 167 campA - 77, 114 campA nagarI - - 105-06, 141 caraMpA --76, 78, 91, 97, 110, 139 cAMdapura-69 cAmuNDA -- 117, 209, 217-18 citravana -- 116 caubIsa jina -- 28, 30-31, 38, 77, 79, 88, 90-92, 94, 95, 108-09, 139, 144, 149, 152, 249 caubIsa jinAlaya --116 caubIsa devakulikA -- 52-55, 59, 60 caubIsa paraganA --131 caubIsa yakSa- 39, 155, 157, 159 caubIsa-yakSa- yakSI -sUcI -- 155-59, 251 caubIsa yakSI --- 9, 12, 39-40, 67-68, 76-78, 155, 158-62, 252 causA - 1, 17, 46, 51-52,76, 80, 81, 86, 125-26, 248, 250 chatarapura - 100, 104 chAga lAMchana- 112 chita giri - 79, 110 jagata-59 jagadu--21 jaghInA - 150 jaTAeM - 98 - 100, 102-03, 305 109-10, 119-20, 129, 131, 135, 138, 144-45, 150-51 jaTA kirITa - 213 jaTAjUTa -- 89-91, 134 jaTAmukuTa - 90-92, 145, 170-71, 213-14, 230, 240 jatarA --- 75 janma-kalyANaka - 58, 61, 111, 122, 124, 133-34, 140, 143 jambUdrumAvarta - 133 jambUvRkSa - 106 jaya - 104

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306 jayantanAga - 123 jayasena - 83 jayA - 105, 112, 153, 208 jarAsandha - 123 jAjapura - 28 jAlapAza - 117 jAlora - 2, 249 AdinAtha mandira - 65 pArzvanAtha mandira - 65, 115-16, 250 mahAvIra mandira - 65-66, 226, 231 jitazatru - 95, 116 jitAri 97 jinakAMcI - 230 jina cIbIsI - 69, 149 266 jina caubIsI - paTTa - 68, 69 jina - caumukhI - 50, 62, 64, 67-69, 75, 76, 78, 79, 81, 126, 148-52, 248, 251, 266 jinanAthapura - 172 jinaprabhasUri- 224 jinamUrti - 63, 64, 81, 84-85 jina mUrtiyoM kA vikAsa - 80 jina lAMchana - 50, 81, 82-83, 85 jina samavasaraNa - 4, 54, 63, 86, 93, 94, 111-12, 117, 122-24, 134, 136, 14243, 148, 152-54, 249, 251, 267 jinoM ke jIvanadRzya -- 3, 12, 47, 49, 54-55, 57, 58, 63-65, 81, 92 94, 11112, 115-16, 121-24, 13234, 139-43, 248-50 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA - 42, 52-55, 58, 69, 94, 249 jI0 byUhalara -- 3, 19 jIvantasvAmI mUrti - 1, 8, 15-16, 51, 57, 58, 60, 67, 84, 115, 136-37, 144, 266, 249-50 jUnAgar3ha guphA - 49 je0 I0 vAna lyUje-De- lyU - 8, 47 je0 ena0 banarjI - 165 je0 barjesa - 231 jayapura - 76 jaina Agama - 155-56 jaina AcArya - 25-27, 69, 74, 75, 90, 98, 111, 116, 147, 150, 195 jaina devakula - 36-37, 155 jaina paramparA meM avarNita deva mUrtiyAM - 54-56, 58-62, [ jaina pratimAvijJAna jaina yugala - 57, 75, 76, 78, 79, 249 jaina stUpa - 3 tatvArthasUtra - 34, 251 tAntrika prabhAva - 22 jvAlA - 103, 187 jvAlAmAlinI - 187-88, 230, 240, 253 jhAlarApATana - 237 jhAlAvAr3a - 237 TI0 ena0 rAmacandrana - 5, 11, 158 DablyU 0 nArmana brAuna - 5 DI0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara - 4 64-66, 71, 74 tAraMgA - 2,52,56-57, 226 ajitanAtha mandira - 163, 221, 226, 231 tArAdevI - 210-11 tArAvatI - 113, 210-11 tAlAgur3I - 91 tumbaru -- 99, 180-81 tejapAla - 21, 64 telI kA mandira - 88 tijyapahutta - 40, 253 tinduka (yA palAza) vRkSa - 105 tinduka - 143 tilaka vRkSa - 112 tiloyapaNNatti - 37, 38-39, 157, 161, 250-51 trAvanakora - 230 tritIrthI- jina-mUrti - 2, 146-47, 249, 251, 266 tripurabhairavI - 237

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zabdAnukramaNikA ] tripurA - 237 tripurI - 75, 105 tripRSTha vAsudeva - 139-40, 142 trimukha - 97, 176-77 triveNI prasAda - 5 trizalA - 136, 139-40, 143 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra - 4, 16, 32, 37, 39-41, 86, 111, 124, 132, 157, 177, 188, 194, 251, 253 | thAna - 53 dadhiparNa vRkSa -- 107 dadhivAhana - 141 dikpAla - 42, 43, 55 61, 64, 66, 71-74 dikpAla varuNa - 214 dilavAr3A - 84 dIkSA - kalyANaka - 75, 112, 124, 140, 143 dIpAvalI - 143 dudahI - 69, 109 dubakuNDa - 88 duritAri- 97, 177 dRr3haratha ---- 104 deu - 79 devalA mitrA - 8, 216 devakI - 117, 123 devakulikA - 62, 64 devagar3ha jinamUrtiyAM - 2,52, 66-69, 88, 90, 95,96, 98-100, 102-03, 109, 117, 120, 124, 129-30, 136, 138, 14447, 150-51, 251 yakSa - yakSI - 159-60, 162, 164, 168-72, 174 75, 177-80, 183, 185-86, 18890, 192, 194, 197, 199, 201, 203-06, 209, 211, 213, 218-19, 221-22, 226-29, 233-34, 238-40, 242-43, 245-47, 252 zAntinAtha mandira - 67-68, 160-61, 180 devatAoM ke caturvarga-36, 266 307 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa - 11, 157, 166, 174, 177, 181, 185, 188, 192-94, 207-09, 211, 213, 215-17 devadUSya brAhmaNa - 140 devagaNa kSamAzramaNa -- 29 devanirmita sabhA - 148, 152 devapati zakrendra-86 deva yugala - 72, 73 devAnandA - 136, 140, 143 devAsa - 75 dvArapAla - 153 dvArAvatI -- 117 dvitIrthI- jina mUrti - 2, 77, 78, 144-46, 2.9, 251, 267 dhanapAla - 62 dhanAvaha zreSThI - 141-43 dhanezvara - 116 ghara - 100 dharaNa -- 133, 232-34, 240, 242, 250 dharaNapaTTa - 156 dharaNapriyA - 213 dharaNIdhara - 232 dharaNendra - 62, 65, 125, 129-30, 134-35, 156, 159-60, 221, 232-33, 236, 251-53 dharapata jaina mandira - 79, 139 dharmacakra - 162-63, 165, 242-43 dharmadevI - 224 dharmanAtha - 107, 201-03 dharmapAla - 28 dhAMka- 52, 108-09, 137, 156, 225 dhAtakI vRkSa - 125 dhAraNI - 210 dhAriNI - 108, 113 dhyAnamudrA - 46, 80, 83, 267 nadasara - 59 nandAdevI - 104 nandyAvarta - 102, 113 nandivardhana - 136

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna nandivRkSa-108 216-18, 222, 232, 235, 242, nandIzvara dvIpa-149, 267 244, 251 nandIzvara paTTa-55, 60 nirvANI-108, 205-06, 245 naminAtha-116-17, 146, 216-18 nIlavana-114 nami-vinami-36, 40, 93 nIlAMjanA kA nRtya-49, 81, 92, 93 nayasAra-139-40, 142 nIlotpala lAMchana-117 naradattA-99, 114, 181, 214-15, 251 nemicandra-83 naravara-100 neminAtha-31, 49, 50, 67, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, narasiMha-2, 64 98, 117-24, 146-47, 149-51, 156, navakAra mantra-116 158-59, 218-22, 224-25, 227, 229, 231, 248, 250-52 navagraha-43, 59, 60, 73, 75, 78, 84, 87, 89, | negameSI-34, 49, 65, 93, 110-11, 121, 136, 90, 92, 109-10, 120, 127-28, 130. 31, 139, 144, 146, 249-50 139-40, 248-49, 253 navAgar3ha-75, 113 paMcakalyANaka-38, 63, 84, 112, 121, 132, nAga-202 139, 143, 250,267 nAgadA-59 paMcaparameSThi-42, 249, 267 nAga deviyAM-125 paMcAgni tapa-133 nAga-nAgI-126-28, 130-31, 238-39 paumacariya-1, 30-33, 35, 36, 40, 155, 249, nAgabhaTa dvitIya-21, 248 251, 253 nAgarAja-133, 200, 232, 242 pakbIrA-79, 105, 110, 152, 229 nADlAI patiyAnadAI-76, 160-61, 252 AdinAtha mandira-61 padmaprabha-78, 100, 146-47, 182-83 neminAtha mandira-61 padma lAMchana-100 pAravanAtha mandira-61 padmA-136, 236 zAntinAtha mandira-61, 62 / paNanandamahAkAvya-157, 177, 187-88, 194, 200, nADola 209, 244 neminAtha mandira-61 padmAvatI-55, 57, 62, 65, 69, 71, 74-76, 78, padmaprabha mandira-61 88, 90, 95, 101, 114, 125, 128-31, zAntinAtha mandira-61 135, 138, 156, 159-62, 170, 172, nANA-59 186, 188, 230, 235-42, 244-46, nAbhi-85, 93 . 250-53 nAyAdhammakahAo-31, 32, 36, 253 padhAvalI-110 nArI jina mUrti-114 pannagA-202 pabhosA-110 nAlandA-240 parA-236 nirvANakalikA-37, 39, 42-44, 56, 60, 157, parikara-150,267 . ... 162, 166, 173-74, 176-85, | pavAyA-yakSa-mUrti-34. .. ... ..... pahAr3apura-149 187, 189-202, 204-05, 208-14, ... ........ . nArI tIrthaMkara-113. 24

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zabdAnukramaNikA ] pATala vRkSa - 106 pAtAla - 107, 199-200 pAtAladeva - 236 pArasanAtha - 78 pArasanAtha kilA - 98 pArvatI - 228 pAlamA - 97 pAlI - 59 pAlu - 59 pAvApurI - 136 pArzva - 71, 125, 128, 159, 232-34, 238, 240, 252 pArzvanAtha - 14, 30, 31, 49, 78, 79, 81-84, 89, 91, 95, 108, 119, 124-36, 144-47, 149-51, 156, 158-59, 221, 225, 232-36, 238-41, 248, 250-52 pAhilla-- 21 piNDaniryukti -- 35 piNDavAr3A - 87 pIThikA - lekha - 81, 83, 86, 87, 96-98, 100-01, 103 - 10, 112, 114-15, 117-19, 124, 128, 136-37, 150 pIpala vRkSa - 107 puDukoTTaI - 95, 172 puNyAzravakathA - 224 puruliyA - 78, 79, 152 puruSadattA - 71, 99, 181-82 puSpa - 182 puSpadanta - 50, 104, 147, 156, 189-90, 248 pUrNabhadra - 14 pUrvabhava - 93, 134, 139, 142 pRthvI - 100 pRthvIpAla - 62 poTTAsigadI - 76, 78, 99, 131, 229 pracaNDA - 196 prajJapti - 2, 71, 97, 177-78 pratiSTha - 100 pratiSThAtilakam - 37, 157, 166, 178-79, 182, 188, 191-92, 195, 209, 219, 236 pratiSThApATha- 83 pratiSThAsArasaMgraha - 3, 37, 39, 42, 157, 166, 173 84, 186-98, 200-05, 207-13, 215-16, 219, 223, 232, 235, 242, 244, 251 pratiSThAsAroddhAra - 3, 37, 157, 166, 173, 176-77, 179, 182, 184, 187-88, 19198, 200, 202-04, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215-16, 218-19, 223, 232, 236, 244 pratIka pUjana - 47 prabhaMkara - 224 prabhAvatI - 113 prabhAsapATaNa - 168, 245 pravacanasAroddhAra - 38-39, 157, 188, 194-95, 217, 250-51 pravarA - 196 priyaMkara - 223 priyamitra cakravartI - 140, 142 plakSa vRkSa - 105 phAhyAna - 19 bakula vRkSa - 116 baMgAla - 78-79 bajaraMgagar3ha - 110, 112-13 baTezvara - 106, 119, 129, 136, 150-51 baDoha -- 70 bar3azAhI -- 76 paTTicarita - 28 paTTasUri - 17, 57, 156, 160, 253 309 bayAnA - 88, 163 barakolA - 79, 229 bardavAna - 79 balarAma---49, 117, 122-23, 200, 226, 24950, 253 balarAma - kRSNa - 2, 32, 33, 41-42, 48, 50, 57, 67, 68, 84, 88, 115, 118-20, 124, 226-27 balA - 112, 208

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310 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna bahuputrikA-35, 156, 251 bhagavatIsUtra-29, 31, 33-35, 47, 249, 251 bahurUpA-114 bhar3auMca-127 bahurUpiNI-114-15, 214-15 bhadresara-59 bahulArA-131 bhadrezvara-53 bAMkur3A-78, 92, 131, 139, 152 bharata cakravartI--41-42, 69, 78, 94, 142, 147,. 2.3 bAMsI-220 bharatapura-127, 137, 150, 243 bAdAmI-135, 1 4, 241, 243, 246 bharata-bAhubalI yuddha-64, 93-94, 250 bAnapura-75 bhAnu-107 bArabhUma-92 bhilla kuraMgaka-133 bAlacandra jaina-10 bhImadeva prathama-62 bAlasAgara-238 bhImanAdA-223 bAhubalI-2, 12, 41-42, 69, 73, 75, 78, 84, bhRkuTi yakSa-117, 216-17, 251 86, 89, 90, 94, 144, 147, 249-50 bhRkuTi yakSI-103, 187-88,251 bijanaura-98 bhRgukaccha-116 bijauliyA-66 bhelovA-91 bimbisAra-14 bhairava-padmAvatI kalpa-236-37 bilhArI-75, 168 bhairavasiMhapura-76 bihAra----76 makara lAMchana-104 bI0 bhaTTAcArya-5 maMgalA-99 bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya-5, 6, 43, 204 maNDora-59 buddha-223-24 matijJAna-115-16 bUDhI canderI-90 matsya lAMchana-113 bRhatkalpabhASya-16 mathurA-2,17, 46-50, 66, 67, 80, 86, 92, bRhatsaMhitA-81 95, 97, 117-18,120, 124-26, 135-36, baijanAtha-102 139, 149-50, 248, 250-51 boramagrAma-76 janasamAja-19 bauddha tArA-78, 162, 210 jaina stUpa-17, 18, 46 bauddha prabhAva-78, 155 bauddha mArIcI-208 dvitIya vAcana-19 mAgavata saMpradAya-18 ajendranAtha zarmA-10 brahma-105, 190-91 mathurApura-117 madanapura-69, 110, 113 brahmazAnti yakSa-44, 54, 55, 57-60, 62-64, 66, madidalapura-104 69, 94, 95, 127, 243, 249, madhusUdana DhAkI-10 . 253 madhya pradeza-70-75 brahmA-2, 44, 105, 140, 173, 179, 191, 195, | madhyayugIna jina mUrtiyA~-85, 87-92, 119-21, 198 137-39 brAhmI-86, 94 | maniyAra maTha-76

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311 zabdAnukramaNikA ] manovegA-71, 100, 183, 249, 252 mAtRkA-175 mantrAdhirAjakalpa-37, 157, 176-77, 182, 185, | mAnabhUma-92, 110 188-89, 191, 196-97, 199, mAnavI-71, 105, 191-92, 194, 251 202, 204-05, 208-09, 211, mAnasAra-11 213, 217, 222, 235, 244 mAnasI-100, 107, 183, 202-03 mayUravAhi-160, 186 mArIci-140, 142 marudevI-85, 93, 94 mAlinI-117 marubhUti-132-33 mAlUra (yA mAlI) vRkSa-104 mallinAtha-113-14, 211-13, 249 mitrA-113 mahAkAlI-99, 104, 181, 190 mithilA-113, 116 mahAdeva-165 midanApura-79 mahAdevI-113 mIna-mithuna-113 mahApurANa-32, 37, 41, 152, 156 munisuvrata-4, 31, 49, 65, 84,114-16, 213-16, mahAmAnasI-108, 205-06 248, 250 mahAyakSa-96, 173-74 murtajApura-230 mahArAja zaMkha-121-22 muhammada hamIda kurezI-4 mahAlakSmI-57-61, 63-66, 69, 74, 162 mUlA-141-43 mahAvidyAeM-53-68, 84, 94, 96, 99, 101, 108, mRga lAMchana-108-10 127-28, 150, 155, 159-61, 167, | meguTI mandira-230 174-75, 183-84, 188-90, 192, 112 | megha (meghaprama)-99 196-97, 199, 201, 203, 206, 209, meghamAlI-125, 131-35 213, 215, 252-53 megharatha mahArAja-111-12 mahAvidyA vairoTyA-94 meru parvata-94, 111, 140 maihara-119 mahAvIra--14, 30, 31, 35, 49, 51,71,78, 79, mohanajodar3o-45 81, 83, 84, 119, 124, 136-44, 146 mohinI-223 47, 149-52, 156, 158-59, 242-48, 250-52 yakSa-caitya-14, 35 mahAsena-102 yakSa mUrtiyAM--148 mahiSa lAMchana-106 yakSa-yakSI-34-35, 38-40, 50, 82, 84-85, 86, mahobA-99, 129 145, 147, 149-55, 157-59, 229, mAMgalika cihna-47, 48, 81, 126 231, 249-53, 267 mAMgalika svapna-69, 74, 85, 93, 94, 111, 121- | yakSa-yakSI-lakSaNa-158, 167, 173-76, 178, 18022, 133-34, 136, 140, 267 81, 183-84, 186-94, 196, 198mANibhadra-pUrNabhadra yakSa-34, 35, 156, 251 201, 203-04, 206-08, 210-15, mANibhadra yakSa-14 217-19, 224, 233, 237, 243, mAtaMga-101, 136, 159, 184-85, 242-43, 251, 245 253 yakSarAja-105, 156, 242, 251 mAtA-pitA-94 yakSendra-113, 209-10, 211

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[ jaina pratimAvijJAna yakSeza-113, 210-12 | laghu jina mUrtiyAM-89-92, 95, 104, 106, 117, yakSazvara--98,155, 178-79, 251 131, 139, 144-45, 149, 151, yamunA-69, 73, 74 250-51 yazodA-136, 140 lalATa-bimba-134 yazomatI-121 lalitAMga deva--133 yU0pI0 zAha-6-8, 15, 44, 46, 108, 223, 245 lilvAdeva-87 yoginI-43, 249 lokadevI manasA--236 yogI kI Urdhva zvAMsa prakriyA-89 loka paramparA ke devatA--36 lokapAla-36 ratnapura-107 lohAnIpura-jina-mUrti-1, 16, 17, 45, 80, 248 ralAzaya deza-116 lyUDara-18 rAjagira-20, 27, 50,76, 81, 90, 97, 114-15, 118, 124, 136, 149, 151, 248, 250 bajranAbha-93, 94, 133 rAjaghATa-52, 118-19, 128 vajra lAMchana-107 rAjapArA-110 vajrazRMkhalA-98,179-80 rAjazAhI-78 vaDanagara-53 rAjasthAna-56.66 vaprA (yA viparItA)-116 rAjImatI--117, 122-24 varanaMdi-184 rAma-2, 41, 73, 114, 219, 249, 253 varabhRtA-107, 200 rAmagar3ha--59, 128 varAhamihira-81 rAmagupta--19-20 varAha lAMchana-106 rAmAdevI-104 varuNa-58, 114, 159, 213-14, 252 rAyapaseNiya-29, 31 vardhamAna-136, 150, 245 46 rAvaNa-219 varmANa-60 rIcha lAMchana-107 valabhI-51 rIvA-75 vasantagar3ha-52, 87, 126-27, 220 rukmiNI-117 vasantapura-136 rUpamaNDana-11, 157, 162. 166 vasu-112 revatagiri-117 vasudeva-117, 123 raididhI-117 vasudevahiNDI-1, 15, 40, 41, 253 rohataka-52, 126 vasunandi-83 rohiNI-2, 69, 71, 77, 78, 96, 117, 160, vasupUjya-105 174-76, 249, 252 vasumati-141 vahani-195 lakSmaNa-114 vahurUpI-190 lakSmaNA-102 vAgdevI-245 lakSmI-33, 71, 84, 88-90, 95, 102, 249, 251, | vAmana-125 253 | vAmA (yA varmilA)-124, 133 .

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3133 zabdAnukramaNikA ] vArANasI-51, 96, 100, 106, 118, 125, 137, vairoTI-198-99 239, 248 vaizAlI-76 vArAha-108 vaiSNavI devI-94, 95, 168, 180 vAsuki-232 vyaMtara devI-148 vAsupUjya-102, 105-06, 195-96 vyApArika pRSThabhUmi-18, 19, 21, 22, 24-28 vAstupAla-21 vyApArI varga (samarthana)-22, 23, 25-27, 37-38 vAstuvidyA--101 zakunikA-vihAra-tIrtha--115-16, 250 vijaya--103, 116, 186-87 zakuni pakSI-116 vijayA-95, 96, 105, 113, 153, 174, 210-11 zaMkarA-223 viditA-106, 198-99 zaMkha lAMchana-117,119-21, 124 vidizA-19,50-51,75, 103-04, 248 zatrujaya pahAr3I-17, 53 vidyAdeviyAM-35-36, 40-41, 93 zazuMjaya-mAhAtmya-44 vidyAnuzAsana-244 zambara-125 vidyutgati-133 zalAkApuruSa-31-32, 37, 249, 253, 267 vidyunnadA-194 zazi lAMchana-103 vinItA nagara-86 zahaDola-75, 90, 102, 106, 151, 238, 242 vimala-21, 62 zAntA-101, 185 vimalanAtha-106-07, 146, 197-99 zAntidevI-43, 53-56, 60-64, 66, 71, 84, vividhatIrthakalpa-17, 44, 134 85,90,94-96, 99, 108, 127, 128, vizAkhanandina-142 130, 138, 150, 245, 249-50, 253 vizvapadma-137 zAntinAtha-74, 78, 79, 83, 84, 108-12, vizvabhUti-132, 140, 142 146-47, 149, 151-52, 158-59, 203-06, 250-52 . vizvasena-108 zAntinAtha bastI-165, 172 viSNu-2, 105 zAlavRkSa-97, 98 viSNudevI-105 zAsakIya samarthanaviSNupura-139 kacchapaghATa-27 vI0 ena0 zrIvAstava-92 kalcurI-27 vI0 esa0 agravAla-8,46, 113, 118 kezarI vaMza-28 vI0 e0 smitha-3, 4 gurjara pratihAra-22, 24, 26 vIra-143 candela-27 vIradhavala-64 cAhamAna-24 vIranAtha-137 caulukya-22-24 vIrapura-59 paramAra-25-27 vRSabha lAMchana-85-92 rASTrakUTa-25 veNudevI-105 zUrasena-25 vaibhAra pahAr3I-76, 90 118, 139 zAsanadevatA-153-54, 251, 267 vairoTyA-59, 71, 95, 106, 114, 125, 134, | ziva-2, 44, 73, 95, 165, 173, 193, 214 212-13 217, 252 40

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314 zivapurI - 125 zivaliMga - 110, 148 zivAdevI - 117, 121-22 zItalanAtha - 104-05, 146, 190-92, 250 zubhaMkara-133, 223-24 zUlapANi yakSa - 140-41 zeSanAga - 200, 232 zobhanamuni - 253 zoSaNI - 223 zyAma -- 103, 186-87 zyAmA - 100, 106, 183 zyena pakSI lAMchana-- 107 zravaNabelagolA -- 172, 230 zrAvastI -- 97 zrIdevI -- 112 zrIyAdevI-192, 206 zrIlakSmI -- 33 zrIvatsa-- 46, 48, 80, 105 zrIvatsA- 194 zrISeNa -- 122 zreyAMzanAtha - - 105, 155, 193-94 SaNmukha - - 106, 197-98 saMka - 91 saMkulI khela - 143 saMgamadeva - 141, 143 saMgrahAlaya - AzutoSa saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA - 91, 92, 104, 151 indaura saMgrahAlaya - 105, 107 ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya - 91, 103, 109-10, 121, 130, 150, 152, 161, 205 ur3IsA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, bhuvanezvara - 91, 97, 110, 139 135, 165, kannar3a zodha saMsthAna saMgrahAlaya - 95, 234, 240 gaMgA golDena jubilI saMgrahAlaya, bIkAnera - 87, 119 gavarnameNTa seNTrala myUjiyama, jayapura - 114 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna jADina saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho - 110, 130, 164, 239 ThAkura sAhaba saMgraha, zahaDola -- 239 tulasI saMgrahAlaya, rAmavana (satanA) - 114, 126 belA rAjya saMgrahAlaya, navagAMva - 90, 110, 115, 121, 130 nAgapura saMgrahAlaya, nAgapura - 230 paTanA saMgrahAlaya - 17, 45, 46, 86, 91, 97, 106, 112, 117, 121, 126, 131, 139, 145, 229 purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA - 11, 67, 81, 86, 88, 89, 98, 102, 109, 113, 118, 120, 126, 130, 138, 149-51, 156, 171, 205, 226 purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho - 130, 138, 151, 184, 229, 231, 238 purAtAtvika saMgrahAlaya, gvAliyara - 150 priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, baMbaI - 17, 46, 125, 234, 241 80, bar3audA saMgrahAlaya - 88, 101, 127 briTiza saMgrahAlaya, landana - 135, 145, 240 bIkAnera saMgrahAlaya - 150 bosTana saMgrahAlaya --87 bharatapura rAjya saMgrahAlaya - 119, 150 bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI - 11, 51, 52, 81, 109, 118, 124, 137, 144, 150, 156, 250 bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA - 91, 92, 100, 10405, 131 madrAsa gavarnameNTa myUjiyama - 144 myUjegIme perisa - 92, 144 rAjaputAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera - 101, 103, 108, 112, 127, 137, 144, 150, 163, 165, 207, 209, 243

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zamdAnukramaNikA ] rAjazAhI saMgrahAlaya, baMgalAdeza-78 sarpa kI kuNDaliyAM-102 rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-11, 47-49, 67, 82, 88, sarpaphaNa--101 89, 92, 95.98, 100, sarpa lAMchana-125, 129, 131, 135 102, 113-15, 118-19, sarvatomadrikA-jina-mUrti--47, 48, 148-52, 124, 126, 128, 130, 136-37, 144, 150-51, sarvANha yakSa-219 159, 164, 168, 171, sarvArthasiddhi svarga-94 185-86, 189, 198-99, sarvAnubhUti-78,87-90,98,99, 101,106-10,112, 210-11, 214, 216, 114-15, 117, 119-21, 124, 126-28, 221, 228-29, 234, 131.135, 137-38, 144, 147, 151, 238-40, 243, 252 155-56, 158-60, 163-65, 200, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI-101, 127, 167, 229 202, 204-05, 207, 210, 214, 217, varendra zodha saMgrahAlaya-91 219-22, 233, 235, 243, 249-52 vikToriyA aiNDa alabarTa saMgrahAlaya, landana-108 sahasrakUTa jinAlaya--267 vikToriyA hAla saMgrahAlaya, udayapura-220 sahasrAmravana-97, 99, 100, 103-08, 113, 117 saradAra saMgrahAlaya, jodhapura--137 saheTha-maheTha-89, 113, 120, 129, 219 sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya-106 sAdarI-60, 175 sAha jaina saMgrahAlaya, devagar3ha-109, 130, 152,170, sAranAtha-siMha-zIrSa-stambha--149 227, 246 siMhapurI--105 seNTa jeviyara kAleja risarca insTiTayUTa saMgrahAlaya, siMhabhUma-76 bambaI-172 siMhala dvIpa--116 sTeTa AkialaoNjI gailarI, baMgAla-152 siMha-lAMchana--136-39, 144 harIdAsa svAlI saMgraha, bambaI-144, 243 siMhasena--107 hAnimana saMgrahAlaya-121 siddha-223-24 haidarAbAda saMgrahAlaya-135, 144 siddharAja--21 saMvara-98 siddharUpa--143 saMhitAsAra--40, 253 siddhasena sUri--157 saccikA devI-9 siddhArtha--136, 140, 143 satadeuliyA-151 siddhArthA--98 saptaparNa vRkSa-96 siddhAyikA--69, 75, 136, 156, 159-61, 172, samavAyAMgasUtra -30-32, 42 244-47, 252-53 samudravijaya-117, 12122, 249 siddhAyinI--244 sambhavanAtha-31, 49,81, 97-98, 146-47, 149, siddhezvara mandira--131 151, 176-78, 248, 250-51 sidhai--215 sammidhezvara mandira-66 sirIza ( priyaMgu)--100, 103 sammeda zikhara-96-100, 103-08, 112-14, 116, 125 sironI khuda---69, 103 sarasvatI-33, 49, 54-63, 65, 66,68,69, 71-73, sItA--249 77,78, 84, 94, 95, 99,101,130-31, sugrIva--104 138, 147, 160-61, 170, 180, 184, 205, 245, 248-49, 251-53 sutArA--104, 190 sarAyaghATa (alIgar3ha)-151 sudarzana-113

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316 sudarzanA -- 116 sunandA -- 86 sundarI -- 86, 94 supArzvanAtha -- 82, 83, 89, 95, 98, 100-02, 108, 145-47, 149, 151, 159-60, 184 86, 250-52 sumaMgalA -- 86 sumatinAtha - - 99-100, 146, 180-82 sumAlinI -- 188-89 sumitra - - 114 suyazA -- 107 surakSitA -- 203 surUdeva -- 111 surohara - 78, 91 sulakSaNA -- 199 sulocanA--183 suvarNabAhu - 133 suvidhinAtha - - 104, 189-90 suvratA - 107 susImA -- 100 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra-- 36, 253 sejakapura -- 53 seTTipoDava ( madurAI) --247 senAdevI -- 97 sevar3I --137 mahAvIra mandira -- 60-61, 167 sonagiri - - 104 sonabhaNDAra guphA -- 19, 76, 97, 138, 149, 151 soma--224 solaha mahAvidyA-8, 22, 40-41, 54, 63-65, 74, 249, 253 saudharma loka - - 116 stambhinI -- 223 stuti caturviMzatikA - - 40, 41, 43, 44, 253 stUpa--47 strI dikpAla -- 61 strI- puruSa yugala - 150 sthAnAMgasUtra - 31, 33, 36, 253 - svastika - 101-02, 149 har3appA - 45 harivaMzapurANa - 3, 32, 40, 41, 47, 73, 154, 156, 253 harivaMzI mahArAja - 117 hastikalikuNDatIrthaM --- 134 hastinApura - 108, 112-13 hindU ambA - 224 ambikA - 228 [ jaina pratimAvijJAna umA - 2 kAlI - 186 kubera - 212, 219, 226-27, 242 kusumamAlinI - 218 kaumArI - 2, 63, 75, 197, 208, 249 garuDa - 204 dikpAla - 43 durgA -- 224 deva - 72, 73, 203 brahmANI -- 78, 162, 218 bhairava -- 43 mandira -- 70 mahAkAlI -- 209 mahiSamardinI -- 9 mAhezvarI -- 2 yoginiyAM -- 43 revanta - 71 vArAhI - 208 vaiSNavI -- 246, 252 zivA -- 2, 54, 63, 186, 223, 249 hindU prabhAva - 8, 9, 21, 78, 95, 155, 179, 195, 210, 224 hImAdevI -- 213 hemacandra -- 16 hvenasAMga -- 20, 28

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citra 1 har3appA se prApta mUrti citra 2 jina, lohAnIpura (bihAra), la0 tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 citra 3 AyAgapaTa, mathurA (u0 pra0), la0 pahalI zatI

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citra 4 RSabhanAtha, mathurA (u0pra0), la0 pAMcavIM zatI RSabhanAtha, mathurA (u0pra0), la0 pAMcavIM zatI citra 5 namaHpAcavA zItA gujarAta citra 5 RSabhanAtha, akoTA (gujarAta) la. pAMcavIM zatI citra 6 RSabhanAtha, kosama (u0 pra0) la0 navI-dasavIM zatI citra 6 RSabhanAtha, kosama (u0 pra0)

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citra 9 citrapa citra 7 7 RSabhanAtha, uraI ( u0 pra0), la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI RSabhanAtha maMdira 1, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI 9 RSabhanAtha cauvIsI, surohara (bAMgalAdeza), la0 10vIM zatI

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citra 10 RSabhanAtha, bhelovA (bAMgalAdeza) la0 11vIM zatI citra 11 RSabhanAtha, saMka (baMgAla) la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI citra 12 RSabhanAtha-jIvanadRzya (nIlAMjanA kA nRtya), mathurA (u0 pra0), la0 pahalI zatI

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citra 13 RSabhanAtha-jIvanadRzya, mahAvIra maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI citra 14 RSabhanAtha-jIvanadRzya, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI

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citra 15 ajitanAtha, maMdira 12 (cahAradIvArI), citra 17 caMdraprabha, kauzAmbI ( u0 pra0), navIM zatI devagar3ha (u0 pra0), la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI citra 16 saMbhavanAtha, mathurA ( u0 pra0), 126 I0

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citra 18 vimalanAtha, vArANasI ( u0 pra0 ), la0 navIM zatI FO citra 19 zAMtinAtha, pabhosA (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI

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ADAM citra 20 zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 1119-20 I0 PRE citra 21 zAMtinAtha cauvIsI, pazcimI bhArata, 1510 I0

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KHELI citra 22 zAMtinAtha aura neminAtha ke jIvanadRzya, mahAvIra maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI J885 citra 23 mallinAtha, unnAva (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI

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citra 24 munisubrata, pazcimI bhArata, 11vIM zatI citra 25 neminAtha, mathurA (u0pra0), la0 cauthI zatI citra 26 neminAtha, rAjaghATa (u0 pra0), la0 sAtavIM zatI

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citra 27 neminAtha maMdira 2, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI citra 28 neminAtha, mathurA (130 pra0) 11vIM zatI

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citra 29 neminAtha-jIvanadazya, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kubhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI citra 31 pAzvanAtha, maMdira 12 (cahAradIvArI), devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 30 pArzvanAtha, mathurA (u0 pra0), kuSANa kAla

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citra 32 citra 33 32 pArzvanAtha, maMdira 6, devagaDha (u0pra0), 10vIM zatI 33 pArzvanAtha, rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI, 11vIM-12vIM zatI 34 mahAvIra, mathurA (u0 pra0), kuSANakAla citra 34

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35 mahAvIra, vArANasI (u0 pra0), la0 chaThI zatI citra 35 citra 37 jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra, osiyA ( rAjasthAna ), 11vIM zatI

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citra 38 mahAvIra, mandira 12, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI citra 36 jIvanta svAmI mahAvIra, akoTA (gujarAta), la0 chaThI zatI

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2010 c (FOTOD citra 40 mahAvIra-jIvanadazya, mahAvIra maMdira, kU bhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI

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citra 39 / hAvIra-jIvanadRzya, (garbhApaharaNa ), mathurA ( u0 pra0), pahalI zatI citra 41 mahAvIra-jIvanadRzya, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI

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BP NOW citra 42 jina-mUrtiyAM, khajurAho ( ma0pra0), la0 10vIM 11vIM zatI kha citra 43 gomukha, hathamA ( rAjasthAna), la0 10vIM zatI citra 44 cakrezvarI, mathurA (u0 pra0) 10vIM zatI

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citra 46 citra 45 45 cakrezvarI, maMdira 11, devagar3ha (u0 pra0) 11vIM zatI 46 cakrezvarI, devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI 47 rohiNI, maMdira 11, devagar3ha (u0 pra0) 11vIM zatI citra 47

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citra 48 citra 49 48 sumAlinI yakSI (candraprabha), maMdira 12, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), 862 I0 49 sarvAnubhUti, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI 50 aMbikA, purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, mathurA, navIM zatI citra 50

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citra 51 aMbikA, maMdira 12, devagar3ha (u0pra0) 10vIM zatI citra 52 aMbikA, elorA (mahArASTra), la0 10vIM zatI

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BURHIROL citra 53 aMbikA, satanA ( ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 54 aMbikA, vimalavasahI, Aba ( rAjasthAna ), 12vIM zatI

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citra 56 padmAvatI, neminAtha maMdira ( devakulikA ), kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 12vIM zatI citra 55 padmAvatI, zahaDola ( ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI Jain Education internationacitra 58 RSabhanAtha evaM aMbikA, khaNDagiri (ur3IsA)la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI

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citra 62 dvitIrthI mUrti-vimalanAtha evaM kuMthunAtha, maMdira 1, devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 59 pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra aura zAsanadeviyA~, khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) la011vIM-12vIM zatI

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citra 57 yakSIyAM evaM navagraha, uttaraMga, khajurAho ( ma0pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 61 dvitIrthI jina mUrtiyA~, khajurAho (ma0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI

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M citra 60 dvitIrthI mUrti RSabhanAtha aura mahAvIra, khaNDagiri (ur3IsA) la0 10vIM 11vIM zatI

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citra 64 tritIrthI jina mUrti, maMdira 29, devagar3ha (u0pra0) la010vIM zatI citra 63 dvitIrthI jina mUrti, maMdira 3, khajurAho (ma0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI

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citra 65 tritIrthI mUrti-sarasvatI evaM jina, maMdira 1. devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 66 jina caumukhI, mathurA (u0 pra0), kuSANakAla citra 67 jina caumukhI, ahAr3a (ma0 pra0) la0 11vIM zatI

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citra 60 jina caumukhI, pavIrA (baMgAla), la0 11vIM zatI Prash citra 69 caumukhI jinAlaya, indaura (ma0pra0) 11vIM zatI

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citra 70 bharata cakravartI, maMdira 2, devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 71 bAhubalI, zravaNabelagolA (karnATaka), la0 navIM zatI

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citra 72 bAhubalI, guphA 32, elorA (mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI

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citra 74 bAhubalI, maMdira 2, deva gar3ha (u0pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 73 bAhubalI gomaTezvara, zravaNabelagolA (karnATaka), la0 983 I.

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citra 75 tritIrthI mUrti-bAhubalI evaM jina, maMdira 2, devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI citra 76 sarasvatI, neminAtha maMdira (devakulikA), kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta) 12vIM zatI citra 77 gaNeza, neminAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 12vIM zatI .

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LAALAALM EE E TTON citra 79 bAhyabhitti, ajitanAtha maMdira, tAraMgA (gujarAta) 12vIM zatI citra 78 solaha mahAvidyAeM, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI

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lekhaka-paricaya DA0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kalA-itihAsa vibhAga meM vyAkhyAtA haiN| Apane kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se hI prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti evaM purAtatva viSaya meM snAtakottara aura DaoNkTara oNva filaoNsafI kI upAdhiyA~ prApta kI hai| jaina pratimAvijJAna ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM ApakA yogadAna prazaMsanIya hai| DA0 tivArI ke jaina pratimAvijJAna viSayaka aura bhAratIya kalA ke kucha anya pakSoM se saMbaMdhita 50 se adhika zodha-patra bhArata aura videza kI aneka zodha-patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| vartamAna meM Apa vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga, naI dillI aura bhAratIya anusandhAna pariSad, naI dillI dvArA prApta Arthika anudAnoM ke antargata do svataMtra risarca prAjekTsa para kArya kara rahe haiN|

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60.00 10.00 50.00 40.00 35.00 35.00 3500 35.00 10 45.00 saMsthAna ke mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. Political History of Northern India from Jaina Sources Dr. G. C. Choudhary Stadies in Hemacandra's Desinamamala Dr. Harivallabha C. Bhayani 3. A Cultural Study of the Nishitha Curni Dr. (Mrs.) Madhu Sen 4. An Early History of Orissa Dr. Amar Chand 5. jaina AcAra DA0 mohanalAla mehatA 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 1 paM0 becaradAsa dozI 7. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 2 jagadIzacandra jaina va DA0 mohanalAla mehatA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 3 DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 4 DA0 mohanalAla mehatA va pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5 50 aMbAlAla zAha 11. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6 DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI ( uttara pradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 7 pa0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI va zrI TI0 pI0 mInAkSI sundaram pillai Adi 13. boddha aura jaina AgamoM meM nArI-jIvana DA0 komalacandra jaina 14. yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana DA0 gokulacandra jana ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ) uttarAdhyayana-sUtra : eka parizolana DA0 sudarzanalAla jaina ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ) 16. jaina-dharma meM ahiMsA DA0 vaziSThanArAyaNa sinhA apabhraMza kayAkAvya evaM hindI premAkhyAnaka DA0 premavandra jaina ( uttara-pradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta) jaina dharma-darzana DA0 mohanalAla mehatA tasvArthasUtra (vivecanasahita) pa0 sukhalAla saMghavo 20. jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana DA0 arhadAsa baDovA dige 21. jaina pratimAvijJAna DA0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha-saMsthAna AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI-221005 35.00 3000 30'00 4000 30.00 3000 3000 3000 12000