Anekant 2010 Book 63 Ank 01 to 04

Author(s): Jaikumar Jain
Publisher: Veer Seva Mandir Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/538063/1

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Year-63, Volume-1 January - March 2010 RNI No. 10591/62 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002

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anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jalnology & Prakrit Languages) Founder saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhatAra 'yugavIra' Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, varANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro, ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka-rupaye 20/- vArSika - ru. 80/ This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly - Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - All correspondance for the journal & editorial on vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) Vir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002-06 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002-06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAna lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|

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adhyAtma pada jIva tU mUDhapanA kita pAyo ? jIve tU mUDhapanA kita pAyo ? saba jaga svAratha ko cAhata hai, svAratha tohi na bhAyo jIva tU / / azuci aceta dusTa tana mAhIM, kahA jAna viramAyo ? parama atindrI nija sukha harakai, viSaya roga lipaTAyo / jIva tU / / cetana nAma bhayo jar3a, kAhe apano nAma gavAyo, tIna loka ko rAja chAMDikai, bhIkha mAMga na lajAyo jIva tU / / 1 mUDhapanA mithyA jaba chUTai, taba tU saMta kahAyo, "dyAnata" sukha ananta ziva vilaso, yo sataguru btaayo| jIva tU / / kavivara dyAnatarAya jI

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viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA dyAnatarAya jI adhyAtma pada viSayAnukramaNikA sampAdakIya - DaoN. jayakumAra jaina 1. paM. ToDaramalajI kI dRSTi meM kSetrapAla padmAvatI kI pUjanIyatA -DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala 2. viMdhya kSetra ke jaina graMtha bhaMDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~ - DaoN. anupama jaina evaM DaoN. surekhA mizrA 3. vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM pazu-pakSI evaM anya jIva jantu -vinaya kumAra siMha 5. jaina darzana meM mana- eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana - DaoN. nemicandra jaina 6. assaMjadaM Na baMde -mUlacanda luhAr3iyA 7. pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga samIkSA -DaoN. aruNimA 8. Relevance of Anekant in Modern Times - Prof. Ramji Singh 9. 'samaNasuttaM' meM jIvana dizAdarzana - zAnU jaina 10. anekAntavAda - sAdhvI priyasnehAMjanAzrI 11. paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM AdhyAtmika siddhAnto kI bhUmikA -sureza jaina, AI.e.esa. 12. sarvodaya tIrtha midaM tavaiva AcArya samaMtabhadra evaM mahAtmA gA~dhI: eka tulanAtmaka dRSTi - DaoN. rAmajI siMha 13. pustaka samIkSA : (a)zrAvakAcAra-saMhitA (ba) mUlAcAra vasunandi pAribhASika koza, 14. jaina vidyAoM ke vikAsa meM AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra kA yogadAna -DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina 15. AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA eka riporTa

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 5 sampAdakIya jaina darzana kA ucca prAsAda 'anekAntavAda' kI bhUmikA para AdhRta hai| syAdvAdamaMjarI ke anasAra vastu meM vividha dharmoM kI svIkRti hI anekAntavAda hai, aura anekAnta ke isa siddhAMta ko kathanoM ke rUpa meM prakaTa karanA hI syAdvAda hai| suprasiddha Adhunika cintaka pro. prabhudayAla agnihotrI ne likhA hai ki 'anekAntavAda ke tattva ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa hI bar3e-bar3e vitaNDAvAda hote hai| hamAre deza meM rAjanItika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika andhatA isa tatva ko na samajha pAne ke kAraNa utpanna huI hai| .....samasyAoM ko sulajhAne ke lie yaha rAmabANa auSadhi hai| (syAdvAda kA vyAvahArika pakSa lekha) AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita tIrtha kI stuti karate hue use sarvodaya tIrtha kahA hai| unakI dRSTi meM anekAnta' vastu meM aneka dharmAtmaka svarUpa kA sAdha ka hai, kintu dRSTi nirapekSa ho jAne para vahI vastu, sarvadharmarahita zUnyatA kI prApaka bana jAtI hai| yataH aneka dharmAtmaka vastu kI siddhi sApekSa dRSTi se hI hotI hai, ataH anekAntavAda sabhI ApattiyoM kA vinAzaka svayaM antahIna (avinAzI) sarvodaya- prANImAtra kA hitakArI tIrtha hai 'sarvAntavattadguNamukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'npekssm| sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM sarvodaya tIrthamidaM tvaiv||' - yuktyanuzAsana,61. jaina darzana zodha saMsthA vIra sevA maMdira dariyAgaMja naI dillI ke padAdhikAriyoM kI yaha bhAvanA rahI ki anekAnta aura mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha kA jana-jana meM pracAra-prasAra ho, tAki samasta vizva meM zAnti sthApita ho tathA "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke rUpa meM bhAratIya saMskRti kI punaH pratiSThApanA ho| isI pavitra bhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara saMsthAna meM prativarSa vIra sevA maMdira ke saMsthApaka vAD.mayAcArya paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra kI smRti meM eka vyAkhyAnamAlA kA Ayojana hotA hai| isa bAra 27 disambara, 2009 ko, suprasiddha gA~dhIvAdI cintaka, pUrva sAMsada evaM pUrva kulapati jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM tathA sarvodaya siddhAMta ke pracAraka pro. rAmajI siMha bhAgalapura aura kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina-bauddha darzana vibhAga ke prophesara evaM adhyakSa DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina ko vyAkhyAnamAlA meM vyAkhyAna ke lie tathA aneka vidvAnoM ko carcA ke lie AmAMtrita kiyA gayA thaa| isa aMka meM prakAzita pro. rAmajI siMha ke do Alekha tathA pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina kA Alekha unake vyAkhyAnoM kA lipibaddha rUpa hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki pAThaka unake vicAroM se avazya lAbhAnvita hoNge| isa aMka meM samyak zraddhAna, samyakjJAna evaM samyak cAritra meM sAdhanabhUta tathA prAsaMgika lokopakArI aneka anya AlekhoM ko bhI samAdiSTa kiyA gayA hai| hamArA prayAsa hai ki 'anekAnta' ke aMka uttarottara mahattara bneN| isa nimitta hama sudhI lekhakoM kI apekSA ke bhI AkAMkSI hai| hameM vizvAsa hai ki sudhI pAThaka hameM apane vicAroM se avagata karAte raheMge tAki 'anekAnta' ko hama aura behatara banA skeN| -jayakumAra jaina

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 paM. ToDaramalajI kI dRSTi meM kSetrapAla padmAvatI _ -DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala paM. zrI ToDaramalajI ke mokSamArga prakAzaka, pRSTha-10 meM ullikhita "jinazAsana ke bhakta devAdika haiM te siddhabhakta puruSa ke aneka indriya sukha ko kAraNa bhUta sAmagrInikA saMyoga karAve hai; dukha ko kAraNabhUta sAmagrI ko dUri kari hai," kA saMdarbha diyA; ataH utsukatA ke samAdhAna hetu 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' meM jahA~-jahA~ devAdika kA varNana AyA hai, usakA vivaraNa pAThakoM ke samakSa vicArArtha prastuta hai(1) arahatAdika se prayojana kI siddhi mokSamArgaprakAzaka ke pRSTha 6-7 meM zrI paM. ToDaramalajI ne arahatAdika ke stavana Adi se prayojana kI siddhi kA ullekha kara likhA hai ki- isameM arahatAdika kI bhakti stavanAdi se pariNAma vizuddha hote haiN| punazca samasta kaSAya miTAne kA sAdhana hai, isaliye zuddha pariNAma kA kAraNa hai; so aise pariNAmoM se apane ghAtikarma kI hInatA hone se sahaja hI vItarAga-vizeSa jJAna pragaTa hotA hai| jitane aMzoM meM vaha hIna ho utane aMzoM meM yaha pragaTa hotA hai| indriyajanita sukha aura dukha kA vinAza bhI arahaMtAdika kI manokAmanA rahita bhakti ke vizuddha pariNAmoM se hotA hai| yaha kArya aghAtiyA karmoM ko sAtAkarma prakRtiyoM ke baMdha , asAtA Adi pApa prakRtiyoM ke saMkramaNa, utkarSaNa-apakarSaNa se hotA hai| isase arthAt arahaMtAdika kI bhakti se jinazAsana ke bhakta devAdika indriya sukha kI sAmagriyoM kA saMyoga karAte haiM aura duHkha kI kAraNabhUta sAmagriyoM ko dUra karate haiN| isa kathana ke sAtha paM. ToDaramalajI kA nimna kathana mahattvapUrNa hai- 'parantu isa prayojana se kucha bhI apanA hita nahIM hotA; kyoMki yaha AtmA kaSAya bhAvoM se bAhya sAmagriyoM meM iSTa-aniSTapanA mAnakara svayaM hI sukha-du:kha kI kalpanA karatA hai| kaSAya ke binA bAhya sAmagrI kucha sukha-dukha kI dAtA nahIM hai tathA kaSAya hai so sarva AkulatAmaya hai, isaliye indriyajanita sukha kI icchA karanA aura dukha se DaranA yaha bhrama hai| "punazca isa prayojana hetu arahaMtAdika kI bhakti karane se bhI tIvra kaSAya hone ke kAraNa pApabaMdha hI hotA hai, isaliye (laukika kAmanA hetu) apane ko isa prayojana kA arthI honA yogya nahIM hai| arahaMtAdi kI bhakti ke karane se aise prayojana to svataH siddha hote haiN| (mokSamArgaprakAzaka pR.6-7) paM. ToDaramalajI ne zAsana devatAoM kI bhakti ko mithyAtva preraka kaSAyajanya mAnakara usakA niSedha kiyA hai| arahaMtAdika kI manokAmanApUrNa bhakti bhI tIvrakaSAya kA pariNAma hone se pAparUpa hai| ata: donoM sthitiyA~ AtmahitakAraka nahIM hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 (2) jinazAsana sabhI kA hita kyoM nahIM karate ziSya prazna karatA hai ki jinazAsana ke bhakta deva maMgala karane vAloM kI sahAyatA kyoM nahIM karate aura maMgala na karane vAloM ko daNDa kyoM nahIM dete ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna dizAbodhaka hai jo isa prakAra hai 7 " jIvoM ko sukha-duHkha hone ke prabala kAraNa apanA karma kA udaya hai, usa hI ke anusAra bAhya nimitta banate haiM, isIliye jisake pApa kA udaya ho usako sahAya kA nimitta nahIM banatA aura jisake puNya kA udaya ho usako daNDa kA nimitta nahIM bntaa|" (pRSTha-9) nimitta na banane kA kAraNa " jo devAdika haiM ve kSayopazamajJAna se sabako yugapat nahIM jAna skte| isaliye maMgala karane vAle aura nahIM karane vAle kA jAnapanA kisI devAdika ko kisI kAla meM hotA hai| isaliye yadi usakA jAnapanA na ho to kaise sahAya kareM athavA daNDa deN| aura jAnapanA ho taba svayaM ko jo atimaMdakaSAya ho to sahAya karane yA daNDa dene ke pariNAma hI nahIM hote, tathA tIvra kaSAya ho to dharmAnurAga nahI ho sakatA tathA madhyamakaSAya rUpa vaha kArya karane ke pariNAma hue aura apanI zakti na ho to kyA kareM ? isa kAraNa sahAya karane yA daNDa dene kA nimitta nahIM banatA / " "yadi apanI zakti ho aura apane ko dharmAnurAgarUpa madhyama kaSAya kA udaya hone se vaise hI pariNAma hoM, tathA usa samaya anya jIva kA dharma-adharmarUpa kartavya jAne; taba koI devAdika kisI dharmAtmA kI sahAyatA karate haiM athavA kisI sAdharmI ko sadupadeza dete haiN| isa prakAra kArya hone kA kucha niyama to hai nhiiN| " aMta meM paNDitajI ne kahA ki duHkha-sukha sahAyatA - asahAyatA Adi kI icchAe~ kaSAyamaya haiM, dukhadAyaka haiM; ataH sarva icchA tyAga kA eka vItarAga vizeSa jJAna hone kI arthI hokara jo arahaMtAdika ko namaskAradAdirUpa maMgala kiyA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ laukika devoM kI bhakti Adi ko mithyAtvamUlaka anizcita phala yA daNDadAyI mAnakara niSedha kiyA hai (mokSamArgaprakAzaka: adhyAya-1 pU. 9) / ( 3 ) devagati ke duHkha adhyAya tIna meM cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkha ke sAtha devagati ke duHkha kA varNana hai| isake anusAra bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSkoM ke kaSAya bahuta manda nahIM hai aura upayoga caMcala bahuta haiM tathA kucha zakti bhI hai so kaSAyoM ke kAryoM meM pravartate hai kautUhala, viSayAdi kAryoM meM laga rahe haiM aura usa AkulatA se duHkhI hI haiN| vaimAnikoM ke Upara-Upara vizeSa mandakaSAya hai aura zakti vizeSa hai| vedanIya meM sAtA kA udaya bahuta hai / vahA~ bhavanatrika ko thor3A hai, vaimAnikoM ke Upara-Upara vizeSa hai| jaghanya Ayu dasa hajAra varSa aura utkRSTa ikatIsa sAgara hai| saMsAra meM sarvatra duHkha hI duHkha hai / (adhyAya - 3, pRSTha-68-69)

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 (4) kudevoM kA pratiSedha adhyAya chaha meM kudeva; kugurU aura kudharma kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| adhyAya 6 ke pRSTha 169-173 meM varNita viSaya kA sAra isa prakAra hai ki bahuta se jIva isa paryAya saMbandhI zatrunAzAdika va roga miTAne, dhana-putrAdika kI prApti, Adi aneka prayojanoM sahita kudevAdika kA sevana karate haiM; hanumAnAdika ko pUjate haiM, deviyoM ko pUjate haiM, bhUtapreta, pitara, vyantarAdika ko pUjate haiM; sUrya -candramA, zanizcarAdi jyotiSiyoM ko pUjate hai| so isa prakAra kudevAdika kA sevana mithyAdRSTiyoM se hotA hai; kyoMki prathama to unameM kitane hI kalpanAmAtra deva haiM tathA vyantarAdika kisI kA bhalA-burA karane ko samartha nahIM hai| samarthatA meM karttApanA hotA hai| kisI kA bhalA burA nahIM hotA dikhalAI detA hai| saba kucha pApa aura puNya ke udaya se hotA hai| vyaMtarAdika kucha karane meM samartha nahIM hai, unake mAnane-pUjane se alaga roga lagatA hai, kucha kArya kI siddhi nahIM hotii| kabhI koI vyaMtaraloka meM unako sevana karane kI pravRtti se camatkAra dikhAte haiN| usase bholA jagata bhramita ho jAtA hai| jina pratimAoM ke atizaya jinakRta na hokara jainI vyaMtaradeva kRta hote vyaMtaroM meM prabhutva kI hInatA adhikatA to hai kintu kutUhala se kusthAna meM nivAsAdika batAkara hInatA dikhAte haiN| vyantara bAlaka kI bhAMti kutUhala karate rahate haiN| maMtrAdika kI acintya zakti hai| kisI sacce maMtra ke nimitta-naimittika saMbandha se kiMcit gamanAdi nahIM ho sakate va kiMcit dukha utpanna hotA hai...... isameM jalAnA nahIM hotaa| kyoMki vaikriyika zarIra kA jalAnA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| vyaMtaroM ke avadhijJAna kisI ko alpa kSetrakAla jAnane kA hai, kisI ko bahuta hai| usI anusAra javAba dete haiN| ve apane zarIra va anya pudgala skandhoM ko jitanI zakti ho utane hI pariNamita kara sakate haiM, anya jIva meM zarIra kA puNyapApAnusAra pariNamita kara sakate haiN| vyaMtaroM ko pUjane se puNyabandha nahIM hotA, rAgAdika kI vRddhi hone se pApa hI hotA hai| isIliye unakA mAnanA pUjanA kAryakArI nahIM hai| sUrya-candra grahAdika svayameva gamanAdika karate haiM, aura prANI ke yathAsaMbhava yoga ko prApta hone para sukha-dukha hone ke AgAmI jJAna ke kAraNa hote haiM, kucha sukha-duHkha dene ko samartha nahIM hai| inake pUjane se iSTa nahIM hotA aura koI nahIM pUjatA usakA bhI iSTa hotA hai; isIliye unakA pUjanAdi karanA mithyAbhAva hai| (5) kSetrapAla, padmAvatI Adi kI pUjana kA niSedha kSetrapAla, padmAvatI, yakSa-yakSiNI Adi jo jinamata kA anusaraNa karate haiM unakA pUjanA yogya nahIM hai| jinamata meM saMyama dhAraNa karane se pUjyapanA hotA hai aura devoM ke saMyama hotA hI nhiiN| tathA inako samyaktvI mAnakara pUjate haiM so bhavanatrika meM samyaktva kI bhI mukhyatA nahIM hai| yadi samyaktva se hI pUjate haiM to sarvArthasiddhi se deva, lokAntika deva unheM hI

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 kyoM na puujeN| jinabhakti kI vizeSatA saudharma indra ko bhI hai, vaha samyagdRSTi bhI hai, ise chor3akara inheM kisalie puujeN| tIrthakara ke dArzanika bhaktivAna puruSa hI karatA hai| tIrthakara ke darzanAdika meM kSetrapAlAdi bAdhaka nahIM jo unheM puujeN| jinamata meM raudra rUpa pUjya nhiiN| tIvra mithyAtvabhAva so hI raudrarUpa ko pUjane kA bhAva hotA hai| paM. jI kahate hai ki 'dekho mithyAtva kI mhimaa| loka meM to apane se nIce ko namana karane meM apane ko niMdya mAnate haiM aura mohita hokara ror3oM taka ko pUjate hue bhI niMdyapanA nahIM mAnate' (pR.174)| kSetrapAlAdika ko pUjane se do hAniyA~ haiM- mithyAtvAdi dRr3ha hone se mokSamArga durlabha ho jAtA hai aura dUsare pApabaMdha hone se AgAmI du:kha pAte haiN| kudevAdika ko mAnane se iSTa-aniSTa buddhi meM vRddhi hotI hai aura puNyabaMdha ke sthAna para pApabaMdha hotA hai| bhramabuddhi, jIvAdi tattvoM ke zraddhAna-jJAna kA pUrNa abhAva aura rAga-dveSa kI ati tIvratA meM hI kudevAdika kI mAnyatA hotI hai| (adhyAya 6, pRsstth-173-175)| (6) kudevAdika kI pUjana se pApabaMdha evaM ni:kAMkSita guNa kA abhAva aSTama adhyAya meM prathamAnuyoga ke upadeza ke svarUpa para carcA karate hue paNDitajI ne likhA hai 'kitane hI puruSoM ne putrAdika kI prApti ke artha athavA rogakaSTAdi dUra karane ke artha caityAlaya pUjanAdi kArya kiye, stotrAdi kiye, namaskAra maMtra smaraNa kiyA; parantu aisA karane se to ni:kAMkSita guNa kA abhAva hotA hai| nidAnabaMdha nAmaka ArtadhyAna hotA hai, pApa hI kA ayojana aMtaraMga hai isaliye pApa kA baMdha hotA hai; parantu mohita hokara bhI bahuta pApabaMdha kA kAraNa kudevAdika to pUjanAdika nahIM kiyA; itanA usakA guNagrahaNa karake usakI prazaMsA karate haiN| isa chala se auroM ko laukika kAryo ke artha dharma karanA yukta nahIM haiN|' (adhyAya-8 pR. 274) / (7) mandakaSAyI-tIvra kaSAyI kA bheda uddharaNa aSTama adhyAya meM cAra anuyogoM meM upadeza ke svarUpa kA varNana hai| karaNAnuyoga ke vyAkhyAna ke vidhAna meM aMtaraMga kaSAya zakti ke anusAra maMdakaSAyI aura tIvrakaSAyI kA antara darzAyA hai aura udAharaNa meM kahA hai ki "vyantarAdika deva kaSAyoM se nagara nAzAdi kArya karate haiM, tathApi unake thor3I kaSAya zakti se pIta lezyA kahI hai aura ekendriyAdika jIva kaSAya kArya karate dikhAI nahIM dete, tathApi unake bahuta kaSAya zakti se kRSNAdi lezyA kahI hai tathA sarvArthasiddhi ke deva kaSAya rUpa thor3e pravartate haiM, unake bahuta kaSAya zakti se asaMyama kahA hai| paMcamaguNa sthAnI vyApAra abrahmAdi kaSAya kAryarUpa bahuta pravartate haiM, unake mandakaSAya zakti se dezasaMyama kahA hai|" (adhyAya-8, pN.276)| (8) tattvoM ke yathArthazraddhAna se deva-kudeva kA viveka jAgaraNa aSTama adhyAya ke caraNAnuyoga vyAkhyAna vidhAna meM 'nizcaya sahita vyavahAra ke upadeza' meM yathArtha tattvoM ke zraddhAna se sahajapariNati varNana hai, yathA- 'aise zraddhAna sahita va sva-para ke bhedajJAna dvArA paradravya meM rAgAdi chor3ane ke prayojana sahita una tattvoM kA zraddhAna karane kA

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 upadeza dete haiN| aise tattvAdi ke zraddhAna se arahaMtAdi ke sivA anya devAdika jhUTha bhAsita hoM taba svayameva unakA mAnanA chUTa jAtA hai, usakA bhI nirUpaNa karate hai|' (vahI pRsstth-279)| uparokta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki vItarAga zramaNa paraMparA meM kSetrapAla, padmAvatI, lakSmI aura sarasvatI aura sUrya-caMdramA jaise jJApaka grahoM kI zAMti hetu unakI pUjA-bhakti kA koI vidhAna nahIM hai| yaha tIvra kaSAyajanya gRhIta mithyAtva kA poSaka aura pAparUpa hai| arahaMtAdika kI niSkAma bhaktti se kabhI koI devatA-ati anukUla paristhitiyoM evaM puNya ke udaya se kucha upakAra kare to kare, isako koI niyama nhiiN| parantu arahaMtadeva ko kudeva na banAe aura kudeva ko deva na bnaae| (9) prathamAnuyoga ke para-upakAraka uddharaNa prathamAnuyoga ke zAstroM meM upakArI ke upakAra ke prati kRtajJatA ke aneka udAharaNa Aye haiN| kRtajJatA sahaja mAnavIya guNa haiN| dhArmikajana aura vizeSakara samyagdRSTi niyama se upakArI ke prati kRtajJa rahate haiM aura AvazyakatA yA anyathA bhI upakAra kA RNa utArate haiN| yahI utkRSTa paraMparA hai| bhagavAna zAntinAthajI ke pUrva bhavoM meM, 7veM bhavapUrva smitasAgara vatsakAvatI nagarI ke rAjA ke do putra aparAjita balabhadra aura anantavIrya vAsudeva huye| aparAjita zAMtinAtha kA jIva thA aura anantavIrya unake bhAI kA jIva thA jo naraka gyaa| smitasAgara kA jIva dharaNendra huaa| dharaNendra ke jIva ne naraka jAkara apane pUrva putra ke jIva ko saMbodhita kiyA aura usake samyaktva kA nimitta bnaa| naraka se nikalakara anantavIrya kA jIva bharatakSetra meM meghanAda huA, meghanAda ne munidIkSA lii| dhyAnarata muni para sukaNTha asurakumAra ne upasarga kiyA, jisakA nivAraNa dharaNendra ne kiyaa| isa prakAra smitasAgara ke jIva ne anantavIrya kA do bAra upakAra kiyaa| tIsare bhava pUrva bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA jIva megharatha kumAra thA aura usake bhAI kA jIva dRr3haratha kumAra thaa| ve dhanaratha tIrthakara ke putra the| eka bAra to kukkaToM ko lar3ate dekha megharatha kumAra ne apane avadhijJAna se unake pUrvabhavoM ko dekhaa| ve donoM bhAI the aura eka baila ke vivAda para lar3a mre| aneka bhavoM taka aisA karate rhe| megharatha ne donoM kukkaToM ko mRdu saMbodhana se smjhaayaa| donoM zAMta hue, bairabhAva galA aura ve mara kara bhUta jAtIya vyaMtara deva hue| ina devoM ne upakAra ke kRtajJa bhAva se megharatha kI pUjA kI aura apane vimAna meM donoM bhAIyoM ko baiThAkara DhAIdvIpa kI yAtrA karAI aura svargaloka cale gye| isa prakAra apane upakArI ke upakAra kA sammAna/ kRtajJatA vyakta kara bahumAna kiyaa| ___ tulasI rAmAyaNa ke anusAra mAMsa bhakSI jaTAyu ne karuNA bhAva se sItA kI rakSA hetu apane prANa nyauchAvara kara diye| mRtyupAza meM jaTAyu rAma kI godI meM thaa| rAma ne jIvana dene kI bhAvanA bhAyI aura pitRvat sammAna diyaa| kintu jaTAyu ko rAma ke hAthoM meM hI maranA svIkAra thaa| jaTAyu ko paramadhAma milA, yaha usakI bhakti kA prasAda thaa| samasta vaidika samAja jaTAyu ke balidAna ko zraddhA-sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai; kintu kabhI bhI jaTAyu

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 11 kA maMdira nahIM banA aura na usake jIva kI pUjA hotI hai| sammAna aura pUjyatva ke antara ko vaidika samAja ne vivekapUrNa samajhA aura anubhUta kiyA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| rAjakumAra pArzva ke jIva ne jalate-jalate nAga-yugala ke jIva ko NamokAra maMtra rUpa samyak bhAva-bodha karAyA, jisake phalasvarUpa ve dharaNendra-padmAvatI (pati-patnI rUpa) deva-devI hue aura abhI bhI haiN| kamaTha ke upasarga ke nivAraNa hetu dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke jIva ne dhyAnastha muni pArzvanAtha ke Upara phaNa phailaayaa| unakI udAtta bhAvanAeM adbhuta thiiN| muni pArzva AtmadhyAna meM magna the aura usI avasthA meM unheM kevalajJAna huaa| moha-rAga-dveSa se mukta hue| upakAra ke jJAtA bana gye| loka jIvana meM yahI hotA hai| sabhI eka dUsare kA upakAra karate haiN| dUsare unake upakAra ke jJAtA hote haiM jabaki upakAra se lAbhAnvita vyakti upakArI ke prati kRtajJatA kA bhAva banAe rakhatA hai| ukta kathAnaka yahI zikSA dete haiM ki "kRtaghna na bano, kRtajJa bano; kintu anaMtabhava-vardhaka mithyAtva grahaNa nahIM kro|" kisI ke anya vyakti ke upakArI jIva kA dUsare jana pUjA kareMge to vaha aMdha zraddhA hogI aura zakti kA apavyaya hogA, yaha bAta hameM tatvajJAna evaM zraddhAna se jJAta hotI hai| (10) para-upakArI ko sammAnita kareM, daNDita na kareM vartamAna paryAya meM bhadra pariNAmI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI daMpati (deva-devI) ke rUpa meM jIvana yApana kara rahe haiN| padmAvatI ke bhaktoM kI gatividhiyoM ko bhI ve dekhate hai|| padamAvatI kA abhiSeka, pUjA aura vastra parivartana-zrRMgAra Adi kI kriyA dekhakara dharaNendra avazya zarmAtA (lajjita) hotA hogaa| usake jIte jI usakI patnI ko dUsare jana chUe~, yaha kitanA anucita hai| kyA koI apanI patnI ko isa rUpa meM dekha sakatA hai ? vicAraNIya hai| hama apanI bhakti-pUjA ke bhAva ko Aropita karane meM svataMtra haiM; parantu hameM dUsaroM kI bhAva hiMsA se bhI bacanA caahie| samyaktva-mithyAtva kI upekSA bhI kara de to kama-se-kama sabhya jagat ke lokAcAra kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana na ho to uttama hai| sat svarUpa ko jIvana meM pratiSThita kreN| apane upakArI ke prati vizvAsaghAta na kareM, usake prati kRtajJa hI rheN| vizvAsaghAta mithyAtva jaisA mahApApa hai| para-ke-upakArI ko sammAnita kareM, daNDita yA lajjita na kreN| vivekI mAnava samAja kA yaha zreSTha guNa svastha mAnava saMbaMdhoM ke vikAsa meM sahayogI hogaa| azubhAcAra se nivRtti hogii| sudhIjana vicAra kreN| ukta prakaraNa meM AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI se carcA kI to unhoMne kahA ki jainadharma meM 18 doSarahita deva ko hI aSTadravya se pUjya mAnA hai| devagati ke deva aura doSa-rahita (vItarAgI) deva pUjyatva kI dRSTi se eka samAna nahIM hai| padmAvatI Adi kI pUjana aSTadravya se nahIM kI jA sktii| sAmAjika ekatA hI dRSTi kI yaha avazya hai ki jahA~ unakI mUrtiyA~ pahale se hI virAjamAna hai, vahA~ visaMvAda nahIM kiyA jAve ora na hI unakA apamAna kiyA jaaye| - bI-369, o.pI.ema. kAlonI __ amalAI pepara milsa, jilA-zahaDola (ma.pra.)-484117

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 viMdhya kSetra ke jaina graMtha bhaMDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~ __- DaoN. anupama jaina evaM surekhA mizrA jaina dharma ke anuyAyI jinheM zrAvaka kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai, ke dainika SaTkarmoM meM ArAdhya deva tIrthakaroM kI pUjA, nirgrantha digambara guruoM kI upAsanA, svAdhyAya, tapazcaraNa evaM dAna sammilita hai| ina SaTkarmoM meM svAdhyAya sammilita hone ke kAraNa zrAvakoM kI prAthamika AvazyakatAoM meM paraMparAcAryoM dvArA praNIta zAstra sammilita haiN| svAdhyAya kA artha paraMparAcAryoM dvArA praNIta graMthoM kA niyamita adhyayana hai, phalataH jaina upAsanA sthaloM (jina maMdiroM) ke sAtha svAdhyAya ke lie Avazyaka zAstroM kA saMkalana eka anivArya AvazyakatA bana gii| prAcIna kAla meM mudraNa kI suvidhA upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa zrAvaka pratilipikAra vidvAnoM kI madada se zAstroM kI pratilipiyA~ karAkara maMdiroM meM virAjamAna karAte the| jaina graMthoM meM upalabdha kathAnakoM meM aise aneka prasaMga upalabdha haiM jinameM vratAdika anuSThAnoM kI samApti para maMdirajI meM zAstra virAjamAna karAne athavA bheMTa meM dene kA ullekha milatA hai| viziSTa pratibhA saMpanna paMDitoM ko unake adhyayana meM sahayoga dene hetu zreSThiyoM dvArA sudUravartI sthAnoM se zAstroM kI pratilipiyA~ maMgavAkara dene athavA kisI zAstra vizeSa kI aneka pratilipiyA~ karAkara tIrthayAtrAoM ke madhya vibhinna sthAnoM para bheMTa svarupa dene ke bhI ullekha vidyamAna haiN| jaina paraMparA meM pracalita isa paddhati ke kAraNa aneka maMdiroM ke sAtha atyanta samRddha zAstra bhaMDAra bhI vikasita hue| jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI jise zruta paMcamI kI saMjJA pradAna kI jAtI hai, ke dina ina zAstroM kI pUjana, sAja-saMbhAla kI paraMparA hai| ataH zAstra ke pannoM ko kramabaddha karanA, naye veSThana lagAnA, unheM dhUpa dikhAnA Adi sadRza paraMparAeM zAstra bhaNDAroM ke saMrakSaNa meM sahAyaka rhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki madhyakAla ke dhArmika vidveSa ke jhaMjhAvAtoM evaM jaina graMthoM ko samUla rUpa se naSTa kie jAne ke kaI lomaharSaka prayAsoM ke bAvajUda Aja karnATaka, tamilanADU, mahArASTra, gujarAta, rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, uttarapradeza, dillI, hariyANA, paMjAba, baMgAla, bihAra Adi ke aneka maThoM, maMdiroM meM durlabha pANDulipiyoM ko samAhita karane vAle sahasrAdhika zAstra bhaMDAra upalabdha haiN| jaina AcAryoM evaM prabuddha zrAvakoM kI sAdhanA kA pramukha lakSya AtmasAdhanA rahA hai| yadyapi jaina paraMparA svayaM ke tapazcaraNa ke mAdhyama se karmoM kI nirjarA kara AtmA se paramAtmA banane meM vizvAsa karatI hai, tathApi AtmasAdhanA se bace hue samaya meM jana kalyANa kI punIta bhAvanA athavA zrAvakoM ke prati vAtsalya bhAva se anuprANita hokara jainAcAryoM ne loka-hita ke aneka viSayoM para vipula graMtha rAzi kA sRjana bhI kiyA hai| ___ hama yahA~ viMdhya kSetra meM upalabdha jaina graMtha bhaMDAroM evaM unameM saMgRhIta viziSTa pANDulipiyoM kI jAnakArI prastuta kara rahe haiN|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 13 viMdhya kSetra kA nAmakaraNa zruta viMdhya parvata ke nAma para huaa| isa parvata kI zreNiyA~ pUre kSetra meM phailI huI haiN| svataMtratA ke pUrva isa kSetra kA pracalita nAma buMdelakhaNDa aura baghelakhaMDa thaa| budelakhaMDa meM choTI-choTI 34 riyAsateM thiiN| baghelakhaMDa meM isI nAma kI kevala eka riyAsata thI, jisa para baghelavaMzIya zAsakoM kA zAsana thaa| 4 apraila 1948 IsvI ko buMdelakhaMDa aura baghelakhaMDa ke bhU-bhAga ko saMgha meM vilIna kara diyA gyaa| isa nae pradeza kA nAma viMdhyapradeza huaa| isa pradeza meM datiyA, TIkamagar3ha, chattarapura, pannA, satanA, rIvA, sIdhI aura zahaDola jile sammilita the| eka apraila san 1957 ko vRhata madhyapradeza kA nirmANa huA aura viMdhyapradeza usameM samAhita kara diyA gyaa| isameM sAgara, TIkamagar3ha, damoha, chatarapura, pannA, satanA, rIvA, zahaDola evaM sIdhI liye gaye evaM ina nau jiloM ko viMdhyakSetra kI saMjJA dI gii| isa kSetra meM papaurA, ahAra, baMdhA, khajurAho, droNagiri, rezandIgiri, nainAgiri, pajanArI, bInA-bArahA, paTanAgaMja evaM kuNDalapura, khajurAhoM, maU-sahAniyA, Adi aneka tIrtha haiN| viMdhya kSetra ke jaina graMtha bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~ isa varga meM hama sarvaprathama kramAMka, graMtha kA nAma, lekhaka/ TIkAkAra, patra saMkhyA, prApti sthala evaM pANDulipi kramAMka de rahe haiN| sAgara jile ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~1. sAraMga vaidika saMhitA (saMskRta/Ayurveda) sAraMgadhara vaidya, 40, zrI diga. jaina maMdira, atizayakSetra, piDaruA, 25 2. samAdhi taMtra bhASA vacanikA, parvata dharmArthI 109, zrI di. jaina maMdira, piDaruA,75 3. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka, paM. ziromaNidAsa, 56, zrI di. jaina maMdira, bAMdarI, 11 4. dharmAmRtasAra (hindI), A. guNakIrti, 115, zrI di. jaina maMdira, bAMdarI, sAgara, 40 5. harivaMza purANa (hindI), brahma jinadAsa/paM. khuzAlacaMda, 538, zrI abhinaMdananAtha di. jaina maMdira, iTAvA bInA, 69 6. harivaMza purANA (hiMdI), brahma jinadAsa/paM. khuzAlacaMda, 538, zrI abhinaMdananAtha di. jaina maMdira, iTAvA bInA, 73 7. akkalasAra (hindI), paM. khUbacaMda, 129, zrI abhinaMdananAtha di. jaina maMdira, iTAvA bInA, 109 8. samAdhitaMtra bhASA, parvata dharmArthI, 138, zrI abhinaMdananAtha di. jaina maMdira, iTAvA bInA, 117 9. sAra samuccaya, kulabhadra, 15, zrI abhinaMdananAtha di. jaina madira, iTAvA bInA, 162 10. harivaMzapurANa bhASA vacanikA, brahma jinadAsa/paM. khuzAlacaMda, 189, zrI anekAMta

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 vAcanAlaya, paThArI sAgara, 38 11. dharmasAra bhASA, sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 30, zrI anekAMta vAcanAlaya, paThArI-sAraga, 66 12. pAsAkevalI (hindI jyotiSa), 10, zrI anekAMta vAcanAlaya, paThArI-sAgara, 72 13. dhamma rasAyaNa (prAkRta), A.padmanaMdI, 24, prAcIna di. jaina maMdira zAstra bhaNDAra, bar3A bAjAra, khimalAsA, 173 14. saMbodha paMcAsikA (prAkRta), 5, prAcIna di. jaina maMdira zAstra bhaNDAra, bar3A bAjAra, khimalAsA, 229 15. triloka prajJapti saTIka, mUla jinacaMda sUri, TIkA paM. medhAvI, 224, zrI di. jaina buddhadhuvyA kA maMdira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 24 16. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka, paM. ziromaNidAsa, 71, zrI di. jaina buddhadhuvyA kA maMdira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 8 17. akalaMkASTaka bhASA vacanikA, paM. sadAsukhadAsa, 17, zrI di. jaina buddhadhuvyA kA maMdira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 10 18. akalaMkASTaka bhASA vacanikA, paM. sadAsukhadAsa, 10, zrI di. jaina buddhadhuvyA kA maMdira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 150 19. navarasa vilAsa (hindI), 12, zrI di. jaina caudharI maMdira, gar3hAkoTA, sAgara, 4 20. solakAraNa udyApana pUjA, (saMskRta), sumatisAgara, 65, zrI di. jaina caudharI maMdira, gar3hAkoTA, sAgara, 110 21. vRSabhanAtha caritra (saMskRta), sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka, 114, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina madira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 67 22. kalI caturdazI kathA (hindI) 32, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina maMdira, cakarAghATa, sAgara, 92 23. dharmasAra bhASA, sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 67, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 294 24. dharmasAra bhASA, sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 62, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 435 25. zakunAvalI (saMskRta, jyotiSa), 7, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 369 26. sAmudika zAstra (hindI, jyotiSa),5, zrI sanmati sAhitya, sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 370

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 15 27. dharma rasAyana (prAkRta), A. padmanaMdI, 12, zrI sanmati sAhitya, sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 376 28. hanumAna caritra (saMskRta), brahma ajita, 89, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 377 29. pramANa sAmAnya lakSaNa (saMskRta), prabhAcandra, 262, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 382 30. indra dhvaja pUjA vidhAna (saMskRta), vizAlakIrti, 164, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 382 31. akkalasAra (hindI), khUbacaMda, 97, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 120 32. akkalasAra (hindI), khUbacaMda, 105, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 125 33. dharma rasAyana (prAkRta), A. padmanandI, 19, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 166 34. dharma rasAyana (prAkRta), A. padmanandI, 10, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 226 35. rAmAyaNa (hindI), brahma jinadAsa, 285, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 170 36. prameya ratnAkAra(saMskRta),candraprabha sUri, 18, zrI sanmati sAhitya sadanavarNI bhavana, morAjI, sAgara, 229 37. solahakAraNa udyApana (saMskRta), gaMgAdAsa, 44, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina caudharAinabAI maMdira, baDA bAjAra, sAgara, 8 38. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 61, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina caudharAinabAI maMdira, bar3A bAjAra, sAgara, 18 39. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 40, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina caudharAinabAI maMdira, bar3A bAjAra, sAgara,28 40. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 64, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina caudharAinabAI maMdira, bar3A bAjAra, sAgara, 31 41. samAdhi taMtra bAlabodha bhASA, parvata dharmArthI, 147, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina caudha rAinabAI maMdira, bar3A bAjAra, sAgara, 70 42.. uttara purANa baca, naM. khuzAlacaMda, 327, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3845 43. dharma buddhi maMtrI kathA, vakhatarAya, 15, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 4654

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 44. sammedAcala mArgagamana kathA, paM. giradhArIlAla, 61, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA,4362 45. karma vipAka saMgraha, bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, 28, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA 3538 46. jina mukhAvalokana, 241, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 4249 47. jaina tatvAdarza, 15, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3661 48. jaina lokAddhAraka tatva dIpaka vAkya saMgraha, paM. cimanalAla, 19, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3727 49. jainAcAra zuddhapratApa prakriyA, paM. dulIcaMda, 72, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA 3854 50. prAyazcita samuccaya prakriyA, naMdiguru, 51, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA 3508 51. siMhAsana dvAtriMzatikA, 53, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3605 52. siddhAMta candrikA, 144, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 4254 53. kavalacandrAyaNa vrata udyApana, bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti, 4, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA 4390 54. pArasa vilAsa, pArasadAsa, 176, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA,, 4001 55. bhASinI vilAsa, pa. jagannAtha, 11, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3541 56. bharakara vilAsa, bharakata kavi, 205, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 4082 57. jJAna sUryodaya nATaka, pArzvadAsa nigotva, 47, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA,3654 58. candronmIlana, 48, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA 3694 59. vidyAnuzAsana, 312, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3518 60. bAjIkaraNa adhikAra, A. zubhacandra, 10, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3540 61. eka sandhikRta jinasaMhitA, 16, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 60 62. karmASTaka varNana, 17, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 1225 63. bhAva tribhaMgI, 60, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA,1229 64. jaina mArtaNDa karma vipAka purANa, 14, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 1876 65. jJAnazrodaka, caraNadAsa, 05, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 2155 66. candraprabha rAsa, paM. megharAja, 346, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 2748 67. hanuvaMta rAsa, bra. jinadAsa, 54, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 1874 68. yoga ciMtAmaNi, harSakIrti sUri, 14, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 5566 69. zikSavacana dohe, zAha bhISmasuta, 27, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 5872 70. sItAzIla vilAsa, bhaTTAraka dharmacanda, 150, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 179

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 71. rasa maMjarI, bhAnudatta, 22, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 2450 72. vaidya mahotsava, paM. kaizavadAsa, 03, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 5677 73. siddhacakrASTaka TIkA, zrutasAgara sUri, 17, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 2010 74. vaidya jIvana, 49, anekAMta jJAna maMdira, bInA, 3038 TIkamagar3ha jile ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~ 75. ravivrata udyApana vidhAna (saMskRta), devendrakIrti, 47, zrI di. jaina maMdira malagu~vA, TIkamagar3ha, 8 76. samozaraNa vidhAna (saMskRta), kamalakIrti, 66, zrI di. jaina maMdira, malagu~vA, TIkamagar3ha, 9 77. samovazaraNa vidhAna (saMskRta), ratnakIrti, 47, zrI di. jaina maMdira, kharagApura, TIkamagar3ha, 55 78. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa, 64, zrI di. jaina candAprabhu bar3A maMdira, pRthvIpura, TIkamagar3ha, 31 79. nemipurANa (hindI), siMhanandI, 250, zrI di. jaina candrAprabhu bar3A maMdira, pRthvIpura, TIkamagar3ha, 73 80. dharmasAra bhASA, mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNi dAsa, 60, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamar3ha, 38 81. pAsAkevalI (hindI/jyotiSa), 12, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamar3ha, 27e 82. samAdhitaMtra, bhASA vacanikA, parvata dhamArthI, 163, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha, 85 83. samAdhitaMtra, bhASA vacanikA, parvata dhamArthI, 98, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha, 131 84. hanumAna caritra (hindI), jinadAsa, 99, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha, 100 85. navatatva cUlikA (saMskRta), 12, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha,106 86. SaTkarma prakAzikA (saMskRta), bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, 105, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha,112 87. hanumAna caritra (hindI), anantakIrti, 46, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha,151 88. vizvatatva prakAza (saMskRta), bhAvasena traividya, 108, zrI di. jaina majhAra kA maMdira, TIkamagar3ha, 156

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 89. trilokasAra (hindI), vizAlakIrti, 69, zrI di. jaina maMdira, bamhorI, TIkamagar3ha, 4 90. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa,40, zrI di. jaina maMdira, bamhorI, TIkamagar3ha, 2 91. dharmasAra bhASA mUla sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka/paM. ziromaNidAsa,53, zrI di. jaina maMdira, bamhorI, TIkamagar3ha,15 92. vaidya vilAsa (hindI/Ayurveda), rAja devIsiMha jUdeva, 65, zrIkamala kumAra jaina bar3AgAMva, TIkamagaDha,1 93. vaidya vilAsa (hindI/ Ayurveda), 49, zrI kamala kumAra jaina bar3AgAMva, TIkamagaDha,2 94. roga nidAna zAstra (hindI/Ayurveda), 20, zrI kamala kumAra jaina bar3AgAMva, TIkamagaDha, 3 95. rAma vinoda (hindI/Ayurveda), 85,zrI kamala kumAra jaina bar3AgAMva, TIkamagaDha,4 96. cikitsA zAstra (saMskRta/Ayurveda),13,zrI kamala kumAra jaina bar3AgAMva, TIkamagaDha, 5ka 97. SaTkarmopadeza (saMskRta), bhaTTAraka sakalabhUSaNa, 174, zrI di. jaina bar3A maMdira, TIkamagaDha, 56 98. rAmahanukathA (saMskRta),158, zrI di. jaina bar3A maMdira, TIkamagaDha, 55 99. jaina prabodha zrAvakAcAra (hindI), kesarIlAla, 84, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina maMdira simarAkhurda, 30 100. trailokya darpaNa (hindI) 108, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina maMdira, simarA khurda, 32 101. vaidya tatva (saMskRta/Ayurveda), 10, zrI komalacaMda jI paThA, TIkamagaDha, 8 damoha jile ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~102. caubIsa tIrthakara pUjA (hindI), paM. devIdAsa, 138, zrI di. jaina seTha maMdira, damoha,5 103. indradhvaja vidhAna (saMskRta), bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti, 108, zrI di. jaina seTha maMdira, damoha, 7 104. anyamatasAra (hindI), paM. nainIcandra, 74, zrI di. jaina seTha maMdira, damoha, 33 105. zrI vratakathA saMgraha (hindI), surendrakIrti, 27, zrI pArzvanAtha di. jaina siMghaI maMdira, paTerA, 31 chatarapura jile ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta viziSTa pANDulipiyA~106. zreNika purANa bhASA sahita, mUla A. sakalakIrti, 134, di. jaina nayA maMdira,

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 chatarapura, 24 107. nayacakra bhAva prakAsanI (hindI), 86, di. jaina saraI maMdira, chatarapura, 1 108. upadeza siddhAMta ratnamAlA bhASA sahita, bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, 40, di. jaina saraI maMdira, chatarapura, 24 109. AdipurANa bhASA sahita (hindI/saMskRta) mUla A. sakalakIrti, 175, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 168 110. zarIra saMhitA (Ayurveda/hindI), paM. dAmodara, 69, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 39 111. samAdhi taMtra bhASA vacanikA, parvata dharmArthI, 161, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 50 112. samAdhi taMtra bhASA vacanikA, parvata dharmArthI, 52, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 101 113. nakSatramAlA (jyotiSa/hindI-saMskRta), 7, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 52 114. harivaMza purANa (hindI), bra. jinadAsa, 266, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 53 115. nirbhaya niraMjana zrAvakAcAra, A. bhUSaNa, 23, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 70 116. trailikyasAra gAthA (apabhraMza), 5, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 105 117. padmapurANa (hindI) A. dharmakIrti, 363, di. jaina bar3A maMdira, chatarapura, 111 118. siddhipriya stotra (saMskRta)A. pUjyapAda, 15, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 339 119. triloka darpaNa (hindI) khaDgasena, 119,A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 204 120. jinadatta caritra (saMskRta), A. guNabhadra, 49, kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 1376 121. jyotiSa gaNita, 13, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 1377 122. aMka jyotiSa, 150, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 445 123. pAsAkevalI, (saMskRta/jyotiSa), 35, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 818 124. triloka darpaNa (hindI), khaDgasena, 128, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho,1073 125. mithyAtva khaNDana, bakhtAvararAma, 34, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 445 126. rasa ratana kAvya (hindI), 213, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 206

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 127. samyaktva kaumudI kathA (saMskRta), A. dharmakIrti, 75, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 393 128. mithyAtva mata khaNDa, bakhtAvararAma, 48, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 613 129. padmapurANa bhASA vacanikA, rAyamalla, 550, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 615 130. karmadahana vidhAna (saMskRta), A. somadeva, 29, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 758 131. subhASitAvalI bhASA sahita (saMskRta/hindI), A zubhacandra, 12, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 26 132. jIva vicAra prakaraNa bhASA sahita, mUla abhayacandra sUri, 71, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 27 133. samyaktva kaumudI kathA, (hindI), bhaTTAraka yazakIrti, 60, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 101 134. zAMtinAtha strota, A. padmanandI, 8, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 101 135. nemi candrikA, 41, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 141 136. nemi candrikA, 27, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 158 137. sATha saMvatsara (hindI/jyotiSa), hariharadAsa, 16, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 6 138. candraloka (saMskRta), jayadeva sukavi, 10, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 18 139. sAmudrika pothI (hindI/saMskRta), 60, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 27 140. nemi candrikA, (jyotiSa/hindI), 56, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 73 141. pAsA kevalI (hindI/jyotiSa), paM. vRMdAvana, 10, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 110 142. samyaktva kaumudI (saMskRta), bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, 96, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 130 143. saptaRSi vidhAna (saMskRta), bhaTTAraka somasena,11,A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 160

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 144. dazalakSaNa udyApana (saMskRta), samutisAgara, 39, A.kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 166 145. dharmasAra bhASA, mUla bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti/paM. ziromaNidAsa, A. kundakunda hastalikhita zruta bhaNDAra, khajurAho, 631 146. neminAtha purANa (hindI), A. guNabhUSaNa,228, zrI di. jaina svAdhyAya evaM zodha saMsthA nainAgira, chatarapura, 1 147. sammedazikha mahAtmya bhASA, lAlacanda, 81, zrI di. jaina svAdhyAya evaM zodha saMsthAna, nainAgira, chatarapura,11 148. sammedazikhara mahAtmya bhASA, lAlacanda, 61, zrI di. jaina svAdhyAya evaM zodha saMsthAna, nainAgira, chatarapura, 36 149. siddhAMta candrikA (saMskRta), A. vAgbhaTTa, 11, zrI ajitanAtha di. jaina jinAlaya, chatarapura, 33 150. kAlajJAna (saMskRta/jyotiSa(, 10, zrI ajitanAtha di. jaina jinAlaya, chatarapura,42 151. candrodaya vaidya (saMskRta/Ayurveda), 9, zrI ajitanAtha di. jaina jinAlaya, chatarapura, 43 152. siddhAMta candrikA (saMskRta), 120, zrI ajitanAtha di. jaina jinAlaya, chatarapura, 46 pannA, satanA evaM rIvA jile ke graMtha bhaNDAroM meM koI viziSTa pANDulipiyA~ prApta nahIM haI hai| saMdarbha sthalaH 1. padyamanaMdi paMcaviMzatikA, A. padyanaMdi, hindI TIkA- paM. gajAdharalAla nyAyatIrtha, prakAzaka-kundakunda di. jaina svAsdhyAya maMDala, nAgapura-1996 gA. 403, pR. 157 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMtha sUcI, bhAga-2, kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla, zrI di. jaina atizaya kSetra, zrI mahAvIrajI, 1954 3. Kastoorchand Kasliwal, Jain Granth Bhandars in Rajasthan, Vol.-1, Shri Dig. Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Shri- Mahavirji] 1967 4. agravAla kanhaiyAlAla viMdhya kSetra kA aitihAsika bhUgola, pR.-22 *-prAdhyApaka, gaNita, zAsa. holakara vijJAna mahAvidyAya, e. bI. roDa, iMdaura-452017 **- pustakAlayAdhyakSa, kundakunda jJAnapITha, 584, ema.jI. roDa, iMdaura-452001

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22 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 "vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya" mahAkAvya meM pazu-pakSI evaM anya jIva jantu - vinaya kumAra siMha saMskRta sAhitya kA vizva ke samasta sAhityoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai| yaha sAhitya kevala eka dharma saMpradAya vizeSa kA na hokara "sarvadharma" vizeSa ho cukA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jainAcAryoM kA apratima yogadAna rahA hai| mahAkavi kAlidAsa, bANabhaTTAdi kaviyoM ne apane graMthoM kI racanA isI bhASA meM karake ise mahimAzAlinI banAyA hai| vasavI zatAbdI ke suvikhyAta, niSkAma yogI evaM digambara jainAcAyoM ke zreSTha AcAryatva ko suzobhita karane vAle vAlabrahmacArI zrI bhUrAmalazAstrI (AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja) ke pavitra nAma evaM unakI kRtiyoM se 'bhAratavarSa' kA kauna aisA prANI hai, jo paricita na hogaa| digambarAcArya zrI jJAnasAgara jI ne bhI apanI kAvyakalA samAja meM prastuta karane hetu isI saMskRta bhASA kA Azraya liyA aura jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya, bhadrodaya, (samudradatta caritra) dayodaya campU jaise mahAkAvyoM evaM campU kAvya kA praNayana kiyaa| AcArya jJAnasAgara jI Adhunika yuga ke saMskRta mahAkaviyoM meM zreSTha kavi mAne jA sakate haiN| "vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya" nAmaka mahAkAvya jo ki bhagavAna mahAvIra' ke janmotsava kA varNana karane vAlA mahAkAvya hai| jo AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ke kalpanA zakti evaM vizad jJAna kA paricAyaka hai| kavi ke anya mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti isa mahAkAvya ko vizeSa khyAti nahIM mila pAyI usakA vizeSa kAraNa isakA prakAzana na honA hai| prakAzana na honA bhI yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki, yaha kRti apUrNatva ke kAraNa hI vidvatsamAja se achUtI rhii| kintu AcArya zrI kI saMskRta racanAoM meM 'vIrendrazamabhyudaya' kA bhI nAma AtA hai| jisakA varNana DA0 azoka kumAra jaina ne apane 'vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya' meM diyA hai kintu isa samaya yaha "vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya" mahAkAvya ke nAma se DA0 paM0 pannAlAla jaina sAhityAcArya, sAgara dvArA hindI TIkAnuvAda sahita jayaMtIlAla kedAra lAla zAha rAyadeza (IDara) dvArA prakAzita hai| kintu aba bhI isameM kevala 6 sarga hI prakAzita hai / kavi kI isa kRti kA varNana maine bhI apane zodha prabandha jisakA zIrSaka "AcArya jJAnasAgara ke saMskRta kAvya graMthoM kA kAvyazAstrIya anuzIlana" ke antargata kAvyazAsvIyatA ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara kA yaha mahAkAvya mujhe sAgara se muni zrI abhaya sAgara jI mahArAja kI kRpA se prApta huA thaa| AcArya zrI ne apane anya mahAkAvyoM kI bhA~ti hI isa mahAkAvya ko bhI kAvyazAstra ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM se saMyukta kiyA hai| anya varNanoM ke sAtha sAtha kavi jJAnasAgara ne apane isa mahAkAvya meM prakRti ke sAtha usake anya sahAyakoM kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| prakRti prAcIna kAla se hI mAnava kI sahacAriNI rahI hai| usake suramya A~cala

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 meM mahakate puSpa, krIDA karate pazu, madhura gAna evaM kalarava ko prastuta karate pakSI evaM anya jIva samUha kisake mana ko AkarSita nahIM karate haiN| AcArya zrI kI bahumukhI pratibhA kA samagra ullekha karanA to mujha meM saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI unake dvArA vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM jA pazu pakSiyoM se saMbandhita tathya hai, unako citraNa karane kA prayAsa maiM avazya hI kruuNgaa| mere sAmane AcArya zrI ke samasta graMtha haiM, phira bhI anya sabhI graMthoM meM sivAya 'vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya' ke kAphI carcA ho cukI hai| isalie maiM usI AdhAra para pazu-pakSiyoM ke adhyayana ko zodha-patra kA viSaya banAyA hai| jisakA varNana kramazaH isa prakAra hai| pazu jagat (ka) siMha siMha jaMgala kA samrATa mAnA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAtha vaha atyanta svAbhimAnI evaM parAkramI hai| sarvaprathama siMha kA varNana AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ne isa mahAkAvya meM rAjA siddhArtha ke varNana meM kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki, jisa prakAra siMha ke vidyamAna rahate hue gajarAja suzobhita nahIM hotA hai usI prakAra rAjA siddhArtha ke rahate hue vijayArdhaparvata para koI bhI suzobhita nahIM thaa| "na rAjite kazcan rAjite patau na rAjate kazcana rAjate girau| vanAvanau sindhuvanAvanau naraH mRgendrake vApi mRgendrkeshvrH| siMha varNana kA dvitIya sthala vaha hai jahA~ mAtA trizalA tRtIya svapna dekhatI hai| tRtIya svapna meM mAtA ne aisA siMha dekhA jisane madanAvi hastiyoM ke kapolacakra gaNDasthala ko vidIrNa kara diyA thA tathA candramA meM sthita mRga ko prApta karane kI icchA se mAno AkAza meM chalA~ga bharI thii| "vidAritAzeSakapolacakra - vinirgaladdAnasamUhasindhum / sitAMzusAraD.gavilitsayApi kRtakramaM puSkara ennnaathm||" siMha varNana kA tRtIya sthala vaha jahA~ rAjA siddhArtha rAnI ke svapnoM kA hala batAte hai| unhoMne rAnI ke putra ko siMha ke samAna batAyA hai| isa prakAra meru parvata para kAle-kAle meghoM ko garajate hue hAthI samajha kara siMha bAra-bAra una para AkramaNa karate haiN|' (kha) gaja (hAthI) samasta saMskRta kAvyoM meM gaja kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| kAvyoM ke atirikta 'gaja' jana sAmAnya ke lie bhI priya mAnA jAtA rahA hai| vaivAhika kAryakramoM meM 'gaja' ke binA sarvatra zUnyatA dikhAI detI hai| jaina paraMparA meM airAvata nAmaka gaja kA vizeSa ullekha huA hai| jisakA prayoga tIrthaMkaroM ke janmAbhiSeka ke samaya vizeSa rUpa se huA hai| jabaki 'airAvata' ko 'indra' ke vAhana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| kAlidAsa ne ise samudra se utpanna mAnA hai| AcArya jJAnasAgara ne bhI 'airAvata' gaja ko vizeSa rUpa se apane isa mahAkAvya meM varNita kiyA hai| gaja siMha kI apekSA eka zAkAhArI prANI hai| vaha baragada evaM pIpala kI navIna kopaloM evaM ikSu (Ikha) kA vizeSa premI batAyA gayA hai| kAvyoM meM gaja kI 'vapra krIr3A'

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 kA varNana prAyaH sabhI kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| pAnI se use atyanta prema hai| AcArya zrI ne likhA hai ki, prathama svapna meM rAnI trizalA ne ese gaMdhahastI-mandonmatta hAthI ko dekhA, jisane calate hue atyanta sthUla caraNoM ke agrabhAga se kamaTha ke pRSTha bhAga ko vidIrNa kara diyA thA, jo bahuta bhArI gandha se yukta dAna-madajala se sahita thA aura sumeru parvata ke samAna U~cA thA 'susaJcaratsthUlatarakramAgra - prbhinnpaariirnnpRsstthbhaagm| analpagandholvaNadAnanAthaM suvrnnshailonntgndhpiilum| AcArya zrI apane isa mahAkAvya meM airAvata' tathA vAmana hAthiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jahA~ unhoMne likhA hai ki zukla varNa vAle 'airAvata' hAthI se suvarNamaya pIlA sumerU parvata aisA suzobhita ho rahA thA jaise zukla vastradhArI nArada se pItAmbara vastradhArI kRSNa suzobhita hote the zuNDAM tathA nAdayatA suvINAM suvarNapItena suvaassev| kucena yuktena gajezvareNa muktaajttaapuurtimstken| pItAmbaraM spaSTavirAjamAnaM sa nAradeneva muraarirev| airAvaNenAtra suvarNazailo mano'bhirAmaH paramA babhau vaa|| isI prakAra 'vAmana' Adi diggajoM ke dvArA tInoM jagata dhAraNa karane kA varNana bhI AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| isake atirikta hAthiyoM ke samUha krIDA kA varNana bhI vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM huA hai| (ga) mahiSa (bhaiMsA) mahiSa kA prayoga bhAratIya kRSaka kRSi kArya hetu karate haiN| bhAra vAhana evaM kRSi karSaNa kArya (jutAI) ke lie mahiSa kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se Aja taka hotA A rahA hai| jahA~ para vRSabhoM kI kamI dikhAI detI hai, vahA~ para mahiSa usake kArya ko pUrNatA pradAna karatA hai| jo svabhAva se kaThora evaM AlasI hotA hai| mA~ ke udara se utpanna hone ke sAtha hI usake sAtha upekSA kA bhAva jana mAnasa meM dikhAI detA hai| vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM siddhArtha ke varNana meM kavi kA kathana hai ki, rAjA siddhArtha ke zatruoM ke ghara unake abhAva meM uttama kAMcalI vAle sAMpo se sahita dhatUroM ke samUha se sundara aura mahiSa-bhaiMsA se sahita ho gaye the arthAt zatruoM ke bhAga jAne se unake gharoM meM loga bhaiMsA bA~dhane lage the| "sakaJcukaiH kuNDalibhiH sanAthA anlpstkaanycnckrkaantaaH| citraM babhUvurmahiSIvibhUSA amitragehAstadasatva evm||10 isa prakAra AcArya zrI ne vanyAdi pazuoM ke sAtha-sAtha gharelU pazuoM kA bhI citraNa apane isa mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai| (gha) mRga svabhAva se atyanta mRdu evaM sabako apanI ora AkarSita karane meM catura mRga ke viSaya meM sabhI paricita hoNge| apanI caJcala A~khoM, kiloleM bharatI uchAla se Anandita karane vAlA zuddha zAkAhArI pazu kA varNana AcArya zrI ne vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya kAvya meM kiyA hai| unhoMne isakA varNana rAnI trizalA ke varNana karate hue kahate hai| ki, mRga ke samAna netroM vAlI priyakAriNI rAjA siddhArtha kI kAmecchA pUrti ke lie vezyA ke samAna thii|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 "siddhArthasatkAmahitAya vezyA tathArthitRptyai khalu kaamdhenuH| sudharmakArya pratisevikeva babhUva sAraDgavilocanA saa||"" (Ga) vRSabha (baila) vaiSNava evaM zaiva saMpradAya meM vRSabha ko bhagavAna zaMkara kA vAhana mAnA gayA hai| jise "naMdI" ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai| isalie hindU dharma meM vRSabha kI pUjA hotI hai| samasta jaina tIrthakaroM kI mAtAoM ne bhI apane svapnoM meM pazu ke darzana kie aura bAda meM isI ke samAna zreSTha putroM kI prApti kiyaa| isa mahAkAvya meM bhI rAnI trizalA ne dvitIya svapna me baila ke darzana kie jaisA ki AcArya zrI ne likhA hai- dvitIya svapna meM rAnI ne aisA baila dekhA jo cA~dI ke parvata ke samAna U~cA, cAra paira vAle pazuoM kA nAtha, sIMgo se yukta, zukla varNa vAlA thaa| "samunnataM pAdacatuSkanAthaM samujjvalaM zRMga vishessshobhm|| baila ke viSaya meM kahAvata hai ki DUMDA (binA sIgoM vAlA) baila se aniSTa evaM sIMga yukta (sIMgo vAlA) baila se zubha hotA hai| kRSaka bhI U~cI sIgoM vAle eMva zveta raMga vAle baila ko pAlane hetu adhika ruci lete haiN| jo samRddhi kA vizeSa dyotaka mAnA jAtA hai| (ca) vAnara (bandara) hari, markaTa Adi zabda vAnara ke artha meM prayukta hote haiN| vAnara atyanta hI uddaNDa svabhAva kA pazu hai| vaha caJcala citta vAlA hotA hai| vaiSNava matAnusAra 'vAnara' ko zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai aura use avadhya batAyA gayA hai| aisI prasiddhi hai, ki yadi vAnara kA vadha hotA hai to, vaha vibhinna vighnoM kA kAraNa hotA hai| nArada moha ke samaya bhagavAna viSNu ne nArada ko sAMsArikatA se mukta karane hetu nArada ko varadAna svarUpa 'hari' (bandara) kA rUpa pradAna kiyA thaa| rAmAyaNa evaM rAmacaritamAnasa jaise mahAkAvyoM meM 'vAnara' kA vizeSa ullekha huA hai| vaiSNava paramparAnusAra 'hanumAna' bhI vAnara hI the| jinakI pUjA pratyeka vaiSNavamatAnuyAyI karate haiN| isalie AcArya zrI ne bhI isakA prayoga isa mahAkAvya meM pA~caveM sarga meM sumeru parvata ke varNana meM kiyA hai| vahA~ unhoMne likhA hai, ki hari-vAnara vRkSoM ko tor3a-phor3a kara unheM pIr3A pahu~cA rahe haiM "samAnasaMjJA graharAjakasya muharmuhastAn harayaH smstaaH| tudanti nAnAvidhivikriyAbhiH svasaMjJapakSA na hi ke pRthivyAm // " (cha) azva (ghor3A) __ 'azva' uttama savArI evaM yuddha ke lie sarvottama mAnA gayA hai| AMglabhASA ke lekhaka ke anusAra ghor3e kA nirmANa vidhAtA (brahmA) ne saba jIvoM ke aMta meM kiyaa| jise vAyu nirmANa Adi ke avazeSa padArtha se banAne ke kAraNa havA meM daur3anA atIva rucikara hotA hai| ghor3e kI hinahinAhaTa evaM TApoM kI AvAja se yuddha kI sUcanA bhI prApta hotI hai| yaha zuddha zAkAhArI pazu hai| rAjAoM ke yahA~ inakI saMkhyA adhika hotI thii| sumeru parvata ke varNana meM AcArya zrI ne likhA hai ki, sumeru ko ghor3e apane mukha se nikale sapheda phenoM se jinendra rUpa candramA ke Age nakSatra samUha kI zobhA se yukta AkAza ke samAna banAte

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 hue jA rahe haiN| tathA uttama ghor3e khura evaM TAMkiyoM ke nipAta se mAno zrI mahAvIra svAmI kI yazaH prazasti hI likha rahe the| uttama gati vAlA ghor3A hinahinAhaTa zabda karate hue apanI priyabhUmi ko bAra-bAra apane sveda jala kI sUcanA de rahA thaa| yahIM para krIr3A karate hue azva samUhoM kA bhI varNana AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| "vilAsavatyAM sahasA pRthivyAM saMvellanAyAzvagaNa: pryaatH| tathA paraM harSataraM jagAma hyayAbhISTalAbhena na kasya hrssH|"18 yahIM para ghor3o ke loTane Adi kriyA kA bhI varNana hai| isI prakAra yatra-tatra kAmadhenu gAya Adi kA bhI varNana isa mahAkAvya meM huA hai| pakSI-jagat (ka) mayUra ___mayUra kA nAma rASTrIya pakSI ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| saMskRta sAhitya ke pratyeka kavi ne mayUra ko kAphI mahattva diyA hai| rAjasthAna meM yaha pakSI vizeSa lokapriya hai| mayUra paMkha kI suramya chaTA ke kAraNa hI kRSaka bAla unheM vizeSa rUpa se sAvana ke mahIne meM DhUr3hate phirate haiN| bAdaloM kI gar3agar3AhaTa ke samaya mayUra ati Ananda kA anubhava kara nRtya karane lagatA hai| mayUra kI kekA dhvani sunakara moranI samAgama hetu usake samIpa AtI hai| itanA hI nahIM, jainadharmAnuyAyI digambara sAdhu samAja isI mayUra paMkhoM kI picchI grahaNa karate haiM aura isakA upayoga ahiMsA upAsanA evaM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie karate haiN| mahAkavi bANabhaTTa ne bhI kAdambarI meM jaina sAdhuoM dvArA mayUra paMkha dhAraNa kI bAta kahI hai| AcArya zrI ne isa mahAkAvya meM mayUra ko kucha isa prakAra se varNita kiyA hai| jisake zarIra kI kAnti hI candrikA hai aisA mAnakara jharate hue candrakAnta maNiyoM ko megha samajhakara mayUra asamaya meM hI nRtya karane lagate haiM "devasya yasyAtra zarIrakAntiotsneti mattvA drvdindukaantaan| ghanAghanAnvIkSya zikhaNDinI hi nRtyantyakANDe'pi namAmi cndrm|| (kha) rAjahaMsa__ haMsa ko 'vijJa' mAnA gayA hai jisameM nIra-kSIra ko alaga-alaga karane kI adbhuta kSamatA pAyI jAtI hai| haMsa mAnasarovara meM nivAsa karatA hai evaM hamezA motI kA bhakSaNa karatA hai| 'haMsa' ko vidyA devI sarasvatI kA vAhana mAnA gayA hai| vaha ujjvala hotA hai| AcArya zrI ne bhI haMsa ke nIra-kSIra viveka kI bAta ko kahA hai| "mahAvizuddhaH kila rajjako'sau mahAmanAH shuddhmtirvibhaati| nIraM vinA kSIraharaH suhaMso doSAnRte grNthgunnaanuraagii|| arthAt jisa prakAra atyanta ujjvala tathA guNoM kA anurAgI rAjahaMsa pAnI ko chor3akara dUdha ko grahaNa karatA hai isI prakAra sAdhu doSoM ko chor3akara guNoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| durjana evaM sajjana ke varNana meM bhI AcArya zrI ne durjana ko kauA evaM sajjana ko haMsa kahA hai| AcAryazrI ne haMsa ko muktAphala bhojI bhI batAyA hai| isalie unhoMne kahA hai ki kauA bhale hI muktAphala bhojI ho jAe, kintu vaha haMsa nahIM ho sakatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 "kathaJciduccaM kRtavAn ha kAryamucco na yannIcajano nRloke| na mAnasaukA bhavituM samarthaH susUcako'sAvapi mauktikaashH|| haMsa kI cAla ko sarvottama mAnA gayA hai jisakA varNana AcArya zrI ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ki, trizalA rAnI kI gati haMsa kI gati se adhika sundara thii| rAnI trizalA haMsa ke samAna sundara thii| haMsa varNana kA anya sthala vaha hai, jahA~ mahAvIra svAmI ne vibhinna guNoM ko svabhAvataH hI prApta kiyaa| kavi kA kathana hai ki, jisa prakAra haMsa ke bAlaka ko sundara gati sikhAne meM koI guru nahIM hotA, usI prakAra mahAvIra ko zikSA dene ke lie guru kI AvazyakatA nahIM thI "naisargikajJAnanidherjinasya zikSAsu ko nAma gururbbhuuv| marAlabAlasya vicitrayAne na kaH pikasyApi vishuddhgaane|" (ga) ulUka ullU pakSI ko dina meM nahIM dikhAI detA hai| 'ullU' kI samAnatA mUrkha manuSya se hI kI gaI hai| isalie AcArya zrI ne spaSTa kahA ki, durjana manuSya zravaNa karane yogya uttama kAvya meM bhI harSa ko prApta nahIM hotaa| ullU nirmala dina kA udaya hone para bhI pragAr3ha aMdhakAra ko dekhatA hai| "zramaNaprabandhe'pi na yAti harSa, sukhullakokasya ca mntuko'tr|| supecako'sau kila pazyatIva mahattmaH shubhrdinodye'pi||28 isa prakAra kavi durjana ko ullU ke samAna batAyA hai|' (gha) kAka (kauA) hindU dharmazAstroM meM kauA ko sammAnanIya sthAna prApta hai| vizeSa rUpa se zrAddha pakSa (pitara pakSa) meM kaue ko 'purakho' kI saMjJA dekara unheM miSTAnna diyA jAtA haiM rAmacaritamAnasa meM tulasIdAsa ne 'kAkabhusuNDi' kA varNana kiyA hai| kAle raMga vAlA kauA dekhane meM sundara to dikhAI detA hai kintu usakI vANI atyanta karkaza hotI hai| apanI kaoNva-kaoNva kI AvAja ke dvArA vaha logoM ke lie upekSaNIya ho jAtA hai| AcArya zrI ne kaue kI tulanA nIca puruSa se kI hai aura unhoMne kahA hai ki kauA kisI taraha muktAphala bhojI bhI ho jAve parantu vaha haMsa nahIM ho sktaa|" (Ga) garuNa evaM garuNI __'garuNa' pakSI bhagavAna viSNu' kA vAhana batAyA gayA hai| vaha zyena (bAjha) parivAra kA sadasya hai| vaha atyanta bhayaMkara hotA hai| garuNa evaM sarpa eka dUsare ke paraspara bairI haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki rAma evaM lakSmaNa ko nAgapAza se mukta karane ke lie svayaM garuNa pakSI ne hI bhUtala para padArpaNa kiyaa| saMskRta kAvyakAroM ne isakA sundara varNana kiyA hai| AcArya zrI ne isakA upayoga rAnI trizalA dvArA kiye gaye dasaveM svapna meM kiyA hai rAnI trizalA ne jo sarovara dekhA vaha asaMkhya garuNa pakSiyoM kI krIr3A se yukta thaa| 'padmAlayaM kokanivAsaramyamasaMkhyahemAMga vilaasgmym| analpazubhramRtapUrapUrNa svarlokavaddhA paramaM tddaagm||29

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 ___'garuNI' garuNa kI patnI hai| garuNI kA varNana AcArya zrI ne apanI kalpanA zakti se trizalA rAnI ke varNana meM kahA hai ki, mRganayanI trizalA ke mukhakamala kI dUra-dUra taka phailane vAlI prasiddha graMtha ko zIghra hI grahaNa karane ke lie atizaya kAlI romarAjI rUpI garuNI ko dekhakara vaha bhaya se zarIra ko saMkucita kara stanoM ke nIce chipa gii| (ca) kokila (koyala) vasanta Rtu meM AmramaJjarI ke madhya baiThI koyala apanI madhura tAna se kisako apanI ora AkarSita nahIM karatI hai| koyala kA nikuJjoM ke madhya kuJjana karanA sarvatra prasiddha hai| kAlI kalUTI hone para bhI koyala kI kUka sunane ke lie sabhI Atura rahate haiN| koyala kI prathama kUka para kRSaka parivAra miSTAnna yukta bhojana (khIra) banAte haiN| koyala kI sabase bar3I caturatA yaha hai, ki yaha apane aNDe kauve ke ghosaleM meM dekara unakA pAlana poSaNa svayaM na kara usI se karavAtI hai| aisI mAnyatA kRSakoM kI hai| koyala kI kUka suna virahI uttejita ho jAtA hai| AcArya zrI ne isakA varNana trizalA ke garbhAvasthA meM sevA ke samaya kiyA hai| jahA~ unhoMne kahA hai ki mRga samAna netroM vAlI kisI devI ne vINA aura koyala se zrI zreSTha vANI ke dvArA gAyana kiyA 'jagau yadapyeNavilocanA kA vINA pikIzreSTha girA kthnycit| tathApi tasyAH zivapUrNakalyA vigAyikAyA na mano jhaar||23 koyala ke viSaya meM kavi kA kathana hai ki, usake mRdu evaM surIle gAna ko sikhAne ke lie guru kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI vaha to svabhAvataH mRdu gIta gAtI hai|" anya jIva-jantu jagata (ka) matsya (machalI) machalI jalIya prANI hai| jala se isakA gaharA saMbandha hai| kSaNabhara ke lie bhI jala se alaga kara dene para matsya jIvita nahIM raha pAtI hai| prema ke saMbaMdha meM samAja matsya kA udAharaNa dete haiM ki, jisa prakAra machalI pAnI ke binA jIvita nahIM hotI hai| vese premI yugala ke prati bhI honA caahie| yahI bAta AcArya zrI ne bhI isa mahAkAvya meM kahA hai| "ko na adhunA paNDitarAjaeva nirgathivANI grathituM smrthH| yanmatsya mAtro'pi suyatnazIlo gantuM na zaknoti vanaM vihaay|| arthAt isa samaya kauna manuSya paNDitarAja hone para bhI nirdoSa vANI kI racanA karane meM samartha hai ? arthAt koI nahIM kyoMki koI bhI matsya yatnazIla hone para bhI jala ko chor3akara calane meM samartha nahIM hai| isI prakAra trizalA rAnI ke netroM kI lambAI matsya se bhI lambI AcArya zrI ne batAyA hai| AThaveM svapna meM rAnI ne mInayugala ke darzana kiye|" (kha) kacchapa (kachuA) ___ 'kacchapa' kI gaNanA bhagavAn viSNu ke avatAroM meM kI jAtI hai| jise 'kUrma avatAra' kahA jAtA hai| kacchapa kI UparI sataha pRSThabhAga kaThora hotI hai| jisakA prayoga bhAratIya kRSaka apane pazuoM ko jAdU-Tone se bacAne ke lie karate haiN| jitendriya prANI ko kachue ke samAna hI rahanA caahie| hindU purANoM ke anusAra yaha sarvavidita hai ki pRthvI ke bhArata

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anekAnta 63/1 janavarI-mArca 2010 29 ko kacchapa ne apane Upara dhAraNa kara rakhA hai| yahI bAta AcArya zrI ne bhI kahA hai ki utkRSTa sajjana vimukha hone para bhI paropakAra ke kArya meM samartha rahatA hai, kyoMki pITha dene vAlA kUrma (kacchapa) kyA gurutara pRthivI ke uddhAra rUpa kArya ko karane meM samartha nahIM hai ? 'parAD. mukho'pyeSu paraH paramAtmA paropakAravyavahAradakSaH / kiM dattapRSTho hi gariThagotrA proddhAradharmapravaNo na kUrmaH // " (ga) sarpa sarpa kA varNana AcArya zrI ne kRtaghnatA ke artha meM kiyA hai| jaisA ki Apane likhA hai ki, atyanta nIca manuSya kA upakAra karanA doSa prApti kI saMbhAvanA ko pUrNa karane ke lie hotA hai| jaise ki pRthvI tala para zreSTha sarpoM ke pUjya nAgarAja ko dUdha pilAnA viSa bar3hAne ke lie hotA hai| "suraMgekasya kRtoparAkAro doSAgamAzaMsanapUraNAya / na nAganAgezapayaH prapAnaM bhavetkubhAre viSavarddhanAya / " kulIna rAjA kA varNana karate hue AcArya zrI ne likhA hai ki, jisa prakAra acchI bIna se sahita saperA sAMpoM ko pakar3a letA hai usI prakAra kulIna rAjA vyAbhicAriyoM ke samUha ko pakar3a letA hai| isI prakAra zeSanAga ke kAna (2/67) Adi tathA sarpiNI (3/74) kA bhI varNana AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| (gha) mUSaka mUSaka prathama bandanIya devatA zrI gaNeza kA vAhana hai| kintu atyaMta duSTa prakRti kA jIva hai| yaha kRSaka parivAra ko kAphI nukasAna pahu~cAtA hai| AcArya zrI pizuna ke artha meM isakA varNana karate hue kahate haiM ki, jisa prakAra pizuna- (durjana) atyaMta doSa ko utpanna karane vAlA hotA hai, usI prakAra mUSaka (cUhA ) bhI sudUSaka hai| 'randhrAnurAgI pizuno vibhAti hi vAtyantakAlo bahudhAnyaghAtakaH / drohI tatha niSkapaTasya viSTape sudUSako'savau tu yathA sumUSakaH // " (ka) magaramaccha lambI dADhoM vAlA magaramaccha jalIya prANI hai| AcArya zrI isakA varNana 'jinendra' bhagavAna ke Agamana ke samaya karate hue kahate haiM ki, jinendra ke Ane para samudra ke bhItara magaramaccha Adi parAkramapUrvaka nRtya karane lge| "jinendradevasya samAgatasya pramodato vA kila matsyakAdyAH / nRtyanti sarve'pi muhurmahuzca samudramadhye'pi parAkrameNa // 42 (Ga) bhramara navIna kaliyoM ke sarvasva kA pAna karane vAlA bhramara saMskRta sAhitya ke kaviyoM ke lie achUtA nahIM rahA hai| kAlidAsa Adi samasta kaviyoM ne bhramara ko apane kAvyoM kA viSaya banAyA hai| kAlidAsa kA duSyanta to bhramara ke sAtha IrSyA bhAva sthApita karate hue zakuntalA viraha se vyathita hokara bhramara ko 'dhanya' mAnatA hai| rAnI trizalA ke hasta kamaloM

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 ke saMdarbha meM bhramara pa~ktiyoM kA varNana AcArya zrI ne kiyA hai| sugandha ke lobhI bhramara (3/50), bhramaroM kI caJcala zobhA (3/64) tathA hAthI ke gaDasthala se ur3I bhramara paMkti (6/68) kA sundara varNana AcArya zrI ne isa mahAkAvya meM kiyA hai| isa prakAra AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara ne apane isa mahAkAvya meM prakRti ke pratyeka aMga ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha pazu-pakSI evaM jIva-jantu kA samyak varNana kara apane jIva prema evaM prakRti prema kA anokhA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| saMdarbha : 1. AcArya zrI jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya - 2/53 2. vahI - vahI - 4/74 3. vahI - vahI - 4/98 4. vahI - vahI - 5/22 5. kAlidAsa - raghuvaMza mahAkAvya 1/36 6. AcArya jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya 4/72 7. AcArya jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya - 5/28-29 8. vahI - vahI - 5/30/32 9. vahI - vahI - 5/38-43 10. vahI - vahI - 2/57 11. vahI - vahI - 3/3 12. AcArya jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya 4/73 13. vahI - vahI - 5/25-26 14. ravIndranAtha Taigora - da hArsa 15. AcArya jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya 5/33 16. vahI - vahI - 5/33 17. vahI - vahI - 5/44 18. vahI - vahI - 5/45 19. vahI - vahI - 5/46 20. bANabhaTTa - kAdambarI - pR. 94 21. AcArya jJAnasAgara - vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya 1/3 22. vahI - vahI - 1/35 vahI - vahI - 1/52 24. vahI - vahI - 1/53 vahI - vahI - 3/13 26. vahI - vahI - 4/68 vahI - vahI - 4/46 28 vahI - vahI - 1/44 vahI - vahI - 1/46 vahI - vahI - 1/52-53 vahI - vahI - 4/81 32. vahI - vahI - 3/26-27 vahI - vahI - 4/67 34. vahI - vahI - 6/46 vahI - vahI - 1/24 36. vahI - vahI - 3/62 vahI - vahI - 4/79 38. vahI - vahI - 1/41 vahI - vahI - 2/49 40. vahI - vahI - 1/55 vahI - vahI - 5/70 42. vahI - vahI - 5/70 43. vIrendrazarmAbhyudaya - AcAryajJAnasAgara - 3/42 Xin Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo Mo FFFFFFFFFFFF -parasiddhapura, dhAtA, phatehapura (u.pa.)

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 jaina darzana meM mana eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. nemicandra jaina (sevAnivRtta prAcArya) saMsAra meM rahane vAlA prANI zarIra ora AtmA sahita hotA hai| prANI use kahate haiM, jisake prANa hote haiN| jaina darzana meM AcAryoM ne mUlataH cAra prANa mAne haiM parantu bheda karane para daza prANa mAne gaye yathA 31 tikkAlecadupANA indiya balamATha ANapANo ya vavahAro so jIvo NiccayaNayado du cetaNA jassa / dravya saMgraha, gA. 3 mUlataH indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa ye cAra prANa hai jisake ye prANa hote haiM use vyavahAra naya se prANI yA jIva kahate haiN| nizcaya naya se jisameM cetanA hotI hai vaha jIva hai| indriyAM pAMca manabala, vacanabala, kAya (zarIra) bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa kula dasa prANa mAne gaye haiN| jinake inameM se koI bhI prANa evaM AtmA hotI hai to use jIvita prANI kahA jAtA hai| prANa kA saMbaMdha zarIra se hotA hai ataH ve saba jar3a tatva ke antargata Ate haiN| cetanA sahita prANa dhAraNa karane vAle ko prANI kahA jAtA hai aura jIvita mAnA jAtA hai| jinakA apanA svataMtra astitva evaM kArya hotA hai use indriya kahate haiN| AcArya umA svAmI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM likhA hai paJcendriyANi sUtra 15 a.2 sparzanarasanaghrANacakSu zrotrANi, sUtra 19 a. 2 jaina darzana meM saMsArI jIva do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiN| trasa evaM sthAvara saMsAriNasvasa sthAvarAH ta.sUtra a.2sU. 121 sthAvara nAma karma ke udaya se prApta huI avasthA vizeSa ko sthAvara kahate haiN| aise jIva pAMca prakAra ke hote haiN| pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura vanaspati kAyA ina sabake mAtra eka sparzana indriya hI hotI hai aura prANa cAra hote haiM jaise sparzana indriya, kAyabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa | / - trasa nAma karma ke udaya se do indriya se pAMca indriya taka ke jIva trasa haiDIndriyAdayasvasAH ta.sU. A.2-14 do indriya jIva ke 6 prANa hote haiM- sparzana, rasanA, kAyavala, vacanavala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa jaise laTa, zaMkha, jokha, kecuA aadi| tIna indriya jIva ke 7 prANa hote haiN| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, kAyabala, vacanabala, Ayu aura zvAsocchvAsa jaise cIMTI, cITA aadi| cAra indriya jIva ke ATha prANa hote haiN| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, kAyabala, vacanabala, Ayu, zvAsocchvAsa jaise makkhI macchara bhauMrA Adi / paJcendriya jIva do prakAra ke hote haiM, eka mana sahita jaise- gAya, bhaiMsa, manuSya pakSI Adi / (2) mana rahita- mana rahita koI koI totA aura saaNp| mana rahita jIva ke sparzana, rasanA, prANa, cakSu, karNa, kAyabala, bacanabala, Ayu, zvAsocchvAsa nau prANa hote haiN| manasahita jIva ke sparzana, rasanA, ghraNa cakSu, karNa, kAyabala, vacanabala, manabala, Ayu, zvAsocchvAsa dasa -

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 prANa hote haiN| sabhI prakAra ke jIvoM meM cetanA arthAt AtmA eka atirikta prANa ke rUpa meM hotA hI hai| dasa prANa sahita ko saMjJI kahate haiN| saMjJinaH samanaskAH - ta.sU.a.2sU.24 hita-ahita kI parIkSA tathA guNadoSa kA vicAra aura smaraNAdi karane ko saMjJA kahate haiN| hitAhita meM pravRtti mana kI sahAyatA se hI hotI hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM mana kA ati mahattva hai| mana aura indriyoM ke kAraNa hone vAle jJAna ko matijJAna mAnA gayA hai| tadindriyAnindiyAnimittim- ta.sU.a.1sU.14 isa sUtra meM mana ko anindriya kahA gayA hai| isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue pUjyapAda AcArya ne sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM anindriya ko ISadindriyAnindianimittama kahA hai| ___isa prakAra jaina darzana meM manabala, anindriya, ISadindriya, samanaska noindriya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kara mana ke mahattva ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| AtmakalyANa karane ke liye mana kA honA ati Avazyaka hai| aba anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM mana kI sthiti para tulanAtmaka vivecana karane kA prayAsa kreNge| vaidika sAhitya meM mana vaidika sAhitya meM varNita prasaMgoM meM mana ko svIkAra to kiyA gayA hai para indriya ke rUpa meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaise atharva veda-kANDa 21 meM pAte haiM ki "imAni yAni paJcendriyANi manaH SaSThAni me hRdi brahmaNA saMzliSTAni" arthAt ye pAMca indriyAM mana ke sAtha chaha hokara brahmA ke dvArA hRdaya meM ur3elI gaI haiN| yahA~ para mAtra pAMca hI idriyoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| jaba mana kA inase yoga hotA hai taba ye cha: ho jAtI haiN| __bAda ke dArzanikoM ne mana ko indriya meM pratiSThiApita karane meM nimnAnusAra tarka prastuta kiye haiM - 'mana ke sAtha chaha hone kA artha mana kA indriya honA hI haiN| mImAMsA darzana meM vedoM ke anuvAda meM savistAra akhyAna milatA hai jisameM sApekSa kathana varNita haiM ki hama vedoM meM "yajamAna paMcamA iDAM bhakSayanti" arthAt pAMcoM yajJa bhAva sahita iDA (buddhi) kA bhakSaNa karatI haiN| yahAM cAra-cAra prakAra ke Rtvika pujArI hai aura pAMcavAM yajamAna hai ataH yaha kabhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki "yajamAna ke sAtha milakara pA~ca" meM yajamAna bhI eka (Rtvik) veda karAne vAlA hai| yajamAna hamezA pujArI se bhinna haiN| kalpanA kI kisI bhI sImA meM vaha pujAriyoM kI koTi meM samAviSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI meM eka udAharaNa uddhRta kiyA jAtA haiM "vedAnadhyApayAmAsa mahAbhArata paMcamam" arthAt usane mahAbhArata ke sAtha milAkara pAMca veda sikhlaaye| yaha jJAta hai ki mahAbhArata veda nahIM hai ataH "mahAbhArata ko sAtha milAkara pAMca" kathana mAtra se mahAbhArata ko kabhI veda nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| ata: uparyukta tarka ke dvArA mana ke sAtha pA~ca indriyAM chaha hone se mana ko kabhI indriya nahIM samajhanA caahie| vedAnta paribhASA meM likhA hai, "na tAvadanta:karaNamindriyamityatra manamasti" koI pramANa

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 33 nahIM hai ki mana (anta:karaNa) indriya hai| Age lekhaka likhatA hai "manaH SaSThAnIndriyANi prakRtisthAni karSati" (gItA 15/7) kA uddharaNa dekara likhatA hai mana ke sAtha chaha hone meM koI virodha nahIM hotA mana ko indriya ke aMga ke rUpa meM nahIM samajhA jaay| kaThopaniSada meM AtA hai ki "indriyebhyaH parohyarthaH arthebhyazca paraM manaH"karma indriyoM ke aMgoM ke pare hai mana indriya se pare haiN| aisA lagatA hai ki vedAnta paribhASA kA lekhaka anta:karaNa ko mana mAnakara dUsare rUpa meM mana ko indriya ke rUpa meM mAna letA hai| jabaki pA~ca indriyoM ko bahirindriya tathA mana ko Abhyantara indriya kahA gayA hai| __ veda meM pAte haiM "etasmAd jAyate prANo manaH sarvendriyANi ca" arthAt Izvara se prANa, mana aura sabhI indriyoM kI utpatti huii| isa prakAra vedoM meM sarvatra mana kA sabhI indriyoM se bhinna hone ke ullekha milate haiN| vedAnta sUtra aura mana zaMkarAcArya ne vedAntasUtra meM likhA hai, "dazeme puruSe prANA AtmaikAdazaH AtmazabdenAtrAnta:karaNaM parigRhyate" arthAt puruSa meM daza indriyAM aura eka AtmA jise anta:karaNa kahate haiM isa taraha gyAraha prANa haiN| isa prakAra mana ko indriyoM se bhinna hI kiyA hai| ve Age kahate haiM ki smRtiyoM meM mana ko indriya hI mAnA hai| "smRtItvekAdazendriyANIti manaso'pIndriyatvam zrotrAdivat sNgRhyte|" isa prakAra pA~ca jJAnendriya tathA mana ko milAkara gyAraha indriyA~ prAcIna muniyoM ne mAnI haiN| gItA aura mana gItA meM mana ko indriya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai vedAnAM sAmavedo'smi devAnAmasmi vaasvH| indriyANAM manazrAvazcasmibhUtAnAmasmi cetnaa| a.10-22 / isa prakAra indriyoM meM mana kI zreSThatA svIkAra kI gaI hai| indriyANi svakIyAni vaze yena kRtAni vai| jitaM lokatrayaM tena kiJcittasya na durlbhm| isameM bhI indriyoM ke sAtha mana ko bhI vaza meM karane ke saMketa spaSTa haiN| 3. sAMkhyasUtra aura mana sAMkhyasUtra meM hama pAte haiM "ubhayAtmaka manaH" 2-26 arthAt mana donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| jJAnendriya rUpa aura karmendriya ruup| sAMkhyakArikA meM yahI vicAra dRSTigocara hotA hai| ubhayAtmakamatramanaH saMkalpakamanindriyazca saadhaat| guNaparimANamavizeSAnnAnAnAtvaM bAhya bhedtH| kA-27 sAMkhya mana ko gyArahavIM indriya mAnatA haiN| gyAraha indriyoM meM mana nAma kA indriya tathA jJAnendriya tathA karmendriya donoM svarUpa hai kyoMki cakSu Adi jJAnendriya tathA vAgAdi karmendriya donoM kI mana ke AdhAra hI se apane-apane viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI haiN| mana kA lakSaNa

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34 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 saMkalpa-vikalpa karanA hai| vizeSaNa vizeSya bhAva kA vivecana mana hI karatA hai isaliye saMkalpa rUpa vizeSa dharma se mana bhI eka ubhayAtmaka indriya hai| gautama darzana meM mana gautama ne apane nyAya meM indriyoM kI ginatI karate hue pA~ca indriyoM sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu, aura zravaNa para hI vicAra kiyA hai zeSa ko chor3a diyA hai| hindU nyAya darzana meM mana ko indriya mAnA gayA hai, para pA~ca indriyoM se bhinna batAyA gayA hai kyoMki pA~coM indriyAM apane- apane nizcita karma meM sthira haiN| A~kha kA kAma dekhanA hai, para vaha ghrANa kA sUMghane kA kAma nahIM kara sakatI hai| para mana apanI sabhI avasthAoM aura guNoM meM pratyeka karmoM meM apane ko lagA sakatA hai| vAtsyAyana nyAya sUtra 1.1.8 ke apane bhASya meM isako isa taraha uddhRta karate haiM bhautikanindriyANi niyataviSayANi, suguNAnAM caiSamindriya bhAva iti| manastu abhautika sarva viSayaJca nArU svaguNasthendriyabhAva iti| sati cendriyArthasannikarSe sannidhimasannidhi JcAsya yugapaj jJAnAnutpattikAraNaM vakSyAm iti| manazcendriyabhAvAnna vAcyaM lakSaNAntaramiti tatrAntara samAcArAccait prtyetvymiti| udyotakara bhI apane nyAyavArtika meM isa vicAra kA pratipAdana karate haiN| manaH sarvaviSayaM smRtisaMyogAdhAratvAt aatmvt| sukhagrAhaka saMyogAdhikaraNatvAt smstendriyaadhisstthaatRtvaat| jaina darzana meM mana anya darzanoM kI taraha jaina darzana meM bhI indriyAM pA~ca mAnI gaI jinake saMbandha meM Alekha ke prAraMbha meM hI carcA kI jA cukI haiN| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra graMtha meM paJcendriyANi, dvividhAni, nirvRtyupakaraNe dravyendriyam, labdhyupayogau bhaavendriym| a.2sUtra 15,16,17,18 meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki indriyAM pA~ca hotI haiM aura dravyendriya tathA bhAvendriya ke bheda do prakAra kI hai parantu mana ko indriyoM meM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai| parantu "zrutamanindriyasya" ta:sU. 2-21 kahakara anindriya arthAt mana ke kArya spaSTa kiye haiN| AcArya hemacanda ne bhI pramANa mImAMsA meM likhA hai sparzarasagandharUpa zabdagrahaNalakSaNAni sparzanarasaghrANacakSuHzrotrANIndriyANi drvybhaavbhedaani| yahA~ para mana ko na indriya kahA hai na anindriya, balki sarvArthagrahaNaM manaH (pramANa mImAMsA 1.1.25) mana sabhI indriyoM ke artha grahaNa kA kAma karatA hai| isakA artha nahIM lagAnA cAhiye ki mana kA antarbhAva indriya meM ho gyaa| jaisA ki indriyoM ko dravyendriya tathA bhAvendriya do rUpoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| vaise hI mana ke bhI bheda kiye gaye haiM yathA- dravyamana aura bhAva mn| mano dvividhaM dravyamanobhAvamanazceti (sa. si.a.2/11/170/3) pudgalavipAki karmodiyApekSaM dravyamanaH (sa.si.a.5/3/269/4) arthAt dravyamana pudgala vipAkI nAma karma ke udaya se hotA hai| rUpAdiyukta hone se dravyamana pudgala dravya kI paryAya hai| jo hRdaya sthAna meM ATha pAMkhuDI ke kamala ke AkAra

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 35 vAlA hai tathA AMgopAMga nAmakarma ke udaya se manovargaNA ke skandha se utpanna huA hai ataH dravyamana kahate haiN| yaha atyaMta sUkSma tathA indriyagocara hai| (vRhadrvya saMgraha 12/30/6) bhAvamana vIryAntarAya noindriyAvaraNa kSayopazamApekSayA Atmanovizuddhi rbhAva mnH| arthAt vIryAntarAya aura no indriyAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama kI apekSA rakhane vAle AtmA kI vizuddhi ko bhAvamana kahate haiN| (jai.si.koSa bhAga 3pR.381) donoM mana kathaMcit mUrta va pudgala hai| isa prakAra pUjyapAda svAmI ne aura akalaMkadeva ne mana para vizeSataH vicAra kiyA hai| aklaMka deva ne sUtra 114 para apane tatvArtha rAjavArtika meM likhA hai| "anindriyaM mano'nudarAvat" isa bhASya kI vyAkhyA karate hue ve likhate haiM- mano'ntaH krnnmnindriymityucyte| kathaM indriyapratiSedhena mana ucyte| yathA'nudarA kanyA iti| __ mana ko anta:karaNa yA anindriya kahA jAtA hai isakA artha yaha nahIM ki mana indriya nahIM hai| hama loga garbhadhAraNa karane kI kSamatA vihIna kanyA ko kahate haiM ki "yaha binA peTa kI aurata hai" isakA yaha artha nahIM ki usake peTa nAma kI cIja nahIM hai balki vaha garbhadhAraNa karane se asamartha haiN| isI prakAra mana ko anindriya kahane kA matalaba yaha nahIM ki vaha indriya nahIM hai| mana yadyapi indriyoM kI sahAyatA se sAre kArya karatA hai| para usameM kisI vizeSa karma saMpanna karane kI pravRtti nahIM hai| cakSu Adi indriyoM kI taraha mana aura anya indriyoM kI vibhinnatA isa rUpa meM nirUpita kI jAtI hai| cakSu Adi indriyoM kI avasthA karmoM ke saMparka meM Akara prabhAva grahaNa karatI hai lekina mana vastuoM ke nikaTa saMparka meM Akara prabhAva grahaNa nahIM krtaa| bhAva mana to Atma vizuddhi ke kAraNa aMtaraMga taka prabhAva sthApita karatA hai| ataH jaina darzana meM mana kI avadhAraNA anya ajaina darzanoM kI apekSA bhinna hI hai| isakA saMcAlana samunnata AtmA ke rUpa meM hotA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM mana ko indriya nahIM mAnA hai| smRtiyAM tathA anya dArzanika mana ko indriya rUpa meM hI grahaNa karate haiN| vaidika sAhitya meM indriyoM kI saMkhyA pAMca haiN| smRti aura sAMkhya darzana meM indriyA~ gyAraha mAnI gaI haiN| hindU nyAya darzana meM pAMca jJAnendriyAM aura eka mana ko hI indriya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA dRSTikoNa hindUnyAya darzana dvArA varNita dRSTikoNa se kathaMcit samAna hai| ve mana ko indriya ke rupa meM mAnate haiM para anya indriyoM evaM mana meM antara spaSTa karate haiN| kyoMki mana ko vizeSa anupama guNa ke phala svarUpa mana, manobala, ISada indiya, anindriya, noindriya Adi saMjJA se abhihita karate haiN| mana meM sabhI vastuoM, karmoM ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA hai| jabaki indriyAM kisI vizeSa kArya kA hI saMpAdana karatI haiN| ataH mana AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM sApekSa hone para bhI nirapekSa hai| -gurukula roDa, khuraI jilA sAgara (ma.pra.)

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 assaMjadaM Na vaMde -mUlacanda luhAr3iyA pUjya AcArya samaMtabhadra svAmI ne apane prathama zrAvakAcAra graMtha meM pAramArthika (sacce) deva zAstra guru ke zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana athavA dharma kahA hai| usake viparIta mithyA deva zAstra guru kI mAnyatA ko mithyA darzana athavA adharma kahA hai| unhoMne sacce guru kA lakSaNa batAyA hai "viSayAzAvazAtIto niraarNbho'prigrhH| jJAna-dhyAna taporaktaH tapasvI sa prshsyte||" jo viSayoM kI AzA ke vaza meM nahIM hai, AraMbha va parigraha se rahita haiN| jo jJAna dhyAna va tapa meM sarvadA lIna rahate haiM ve sacce guru hote haiN| ukta lakSaNa se viparIta AcaraNa karane vAle guru kuguru kahe jAte haiN| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra meM sacce guru kA sakArAtmaka lakSaNa batAne ke pazcAt Age tIna sthAnoM para mithyA AcaraNa vAle mithyA guru kI vinayAdi karane ko bhI samyagdarzana kA doSa batAyA hai| amUr3ha dRSTi aMga ke varNana meM mithyAdarzana evaM mithyAdRSTiyoM kI mana vacana kAya se prazaMsA vaMdanA karanA mUDhadRSTi doSa hai| guru mUDhatA meM likhA hai "saMgraMthAraMbhahiMsAnAM sNsaaraavrtvrtinaam| pAkhaMDinAM puraskAro jJeyo paakhNddimohnm|| AraMbha, parigraha evaM hiMsA kArya meM saMlagna hone vAle guru saMsAra meM rulAne vAle hote haiM unakI pUjA ArAdhanA satkArAdi karanA guru mUDhatA hai| punaH likhA hai ki "bhayAzA snehalobhAcca kudevaa'gmliNginaam| praNAma vinayaM caiva na kuryuH shuddhdRssttyH||" anya graMthoM meM samyagdarzana ke doSoM meM 6 anAyatana bhI ginAe haiN| mithyA deva zAstra guru aura unake upAsaka anAyatana haiM, inase saMbaMdha rakhanA samyagdarzana ko dUSita karatA hai| sacce guru kI bhakti nahIM karanA jaise samyagdarzana kA doSa hai vaise hI mithyA guru kI bhakti karanA bhI samyagdarzana kA doSa hai| mithyA deva zAstra guru kI bhakti se hamArA agRhIta mithyAdarzana to puSTa hotA hI hai sAtha mithyAtva kI paraMparA ko bhI poSaNa milatA hai| digambara jaina dharma kI tIrthakara sadRza prabhAvanA karane vAle AcArya kuMdakuMda deva pAhur3a meM likhate haiN| assaMjadaM Na vaMde vacchavihINovi so Na vNdijj| duNhati hoMti samaNA ego viNa saMjado hodi||26|| asaMyamI ko namaskAra nahIM karanA cAhie ora jo vastra rahita hokara bhI asaMyamI hai vaha bhI namaskAra ke yogya nahIM hai| ye donoM hI samAna hai, donoM meM eka bhI saMyamI nahIM

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 37 hameM vicAra karanA hai ki saMyamI kauna hote haiN| aura asaMyamI kauna ? muni mahArAja pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, pAMca indriya vijaya SaDAvazyaka evaM sAta anya mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate haiM ataH ve saMyamI hote haiN| mahAvratoM ke pAlana se sakala saMyama hotA hai aura aNuvratoM ke pAlana se deza saMyama hotA hai| muni trasa va sthAvara donoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ke tyAgI hone se ahiMsA mahAvrata evaM saMpUrNa parigraha kA tyAga karane se aparigraha mahAvrata ke dhAraka hote haiN| yadi munirAja mobAila, phona, laipaTaoNpa Adi vastue~ rakhate haiM aura unakA tathA kUlara paMkhA Adi kA prayoga karate haiM to ve asayaMmI ho jAte haiN| mobAIla, phona, laipaTaoNpa, kUlara Adi upakaraNa nahIM, parigraha hai| upakaraNa saMyama kI sAdhanA meM AtmA kA upakAra karane vAle kevala tIna hI hote haiN| pIchI, kamaMDalu aura shaastr| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM muni ke upakaraNoM ke bAre meM likhA hai "saMjama sAdhaya mette uvadhiM mottUNaM sesayaM uvdhi| pajjahadi visuddha lesso sAdhU muttiM gvestoN||164||" bhagavatI aaraadhnaa|| mukti ko khojane vAlA vizuddha lezyA se yukta sAdhu saMyama ke sAdhana mAtra parigraha ko chor3akara zeSa parigraha ko prakarSa arthAt mana vacana kAya se tyAga detA hai| AcArya kuMdakuMda ne asaMyamI athavA saMyama ko dUSita karane vAlI niraMkuza caryA apanAne vAle muniyoM kI vaMdanA nahIM karane kA nirdeza isalie diyA hai ki hamAre dvArA aise muniyoM kI vaMdanA karane se una muniyoM ko usa zithilAcaraNa meM protsAhana milatA hai aura aise dhIre- dhIre unakA zithilAcaraNa paraMparA bana jAtA hai| aise hI digambara saMgha meM se pRthak hokara zithilAcAra kA Azraya lene vAle sAdhuoM ne zvetAmbara saMgha kI sthApanA kara dI aura usake zithilAcAra ke samarthana meM Agama kI bhI racanA kara dii| kAlAMtara meM yApanIya saMgha bhaTTAraka saMpradAya Adi bhI zithilAcArI sAdhuoM kI hI upaja haiN| AcArya kuMdakuMda ke samaya meM bhI zithilAcArI muni the aura unhoMne apane pAhur3a graMthoM meM aise kumuniyoM kI bharapUra bhartsanA kI hai| kucha loga yaha tarka dete haiM ki zAstra ke sthAna para lepaTaoNpa kA upayoga kie jAne meM kyA hAni hai, balki lAbha hai kyoMki zAstra surakSita rahate haiM aura turanta saMdarbha prApta ho jAtA hai| lagatA hai aisA tarka dene vAloM ko Agama kA jJAna nahIM hai| munirAja upedaza de sakate haiM kiMtu svayaM lepaTaoNpa rakhakara usakA upayoga nahIM kara skte| usake upayoga meM agnikAyika sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI haiM jisake munirAja pUrNata: tyAgI haiN| lepaTaoNpa tathA mobAila kA saMcAlana AraMbha hai| dUsarA vaha kImatI vastu parigraha hai jisake munirAja tyAgI haiN| A. kuMdakuMda ne sUtra prAbhRta kI gAthA 17 meM likhA hai muni mahArAja bAla ke agrabhAga kI aNI ke barAbara bhI parigraha kA grahaNa nahIM karate haiN| ata: unheM yogya zrAvaka ke dvArA diye hue anna kA hasta rUpa pAtra meM bhojana karanA cAhie aura vaha bhI eka hI sthAna pr| Age gAthA 18 meM kahA hai yadi nagnamudrA ke dhAraka tilatuSamAtra parigraha bhI apane hAthoM meM grahaNa karate haiM to nigoda jAte haiN|

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38 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 " bAlagAkoDimitta parigahagahaNaM Na hoI sAhUNaM / bhuMjei pApipatte diNNaNaM ikkaThANammmi / / 17 / / " 'jahAjAvarUvasariso tilatusamittaM Na hidi hatthesu / jaha leha appabahuyaM tatto puNa jAI NiggodaM ||18|| sUtrapAhur3a 2 isa lepaTaoNpa kI rakSA kI, kharAba hone para sudhArane kI ciMtA AkulatA mana ko saMtApita karegI va munirAja nirvikalpa kaise raha sakate haiM? mobAIla phona bhI spaSTa parigraha hai tathA isake upayoga meM bhI sthAvara hiMsA hai| isake atirikta ina kImatI upakaraNoM ke lie zrAvakoM se yAcanA karane kA doSa hai| kSetra maryAdA kA bhaMga hai va moha kA pratIka hai| kUlara ke prayoga se sparzana indriya vijaya mUla guNa kA bhaMga hai aura parISaha kA sAvadha pratikAra karane se parISaha sahana guNa bhI nahIM rahatA hai| aparigraha mahAvrata kA bhI bhaMga hotA hai| ina bhautika upakaraNoM kA prayoga AraMbha hai aura inakA saMgraha parigraha hai| AraMbha parigraha ke doSa, mUlaguNoM ke bhaMga kA doSa, ahiMsA mahAvrata evaM aparigraha mahAvrata ke bhaMga kA doSa hone se ina bhautika upakaraNoM kA prayoga karane vAle sacce guru nahIM ho skte| saMyama kA nighAta hone se ve asaMyamI ho ge| ataH AcArya kuMdakuMda kI AjJA ke anusAra aise asaMyamI muniyoM ko praNAma evaM unakA vinaya nahIM karanA caahie| cAritra cakravartI AcArya zAMti sAgara jI mahArAja ne saMpUrNa AraMbha parigraha ke tyAga kA ucca Adarza sthApita kiyA thaa| bAhyaya digambara bheSa dhAraNa karate hue yadi lepaTApa, kUlara, mobAIla phona Adi kA saMgraha evaM upayoga kiyA jAe to yaha vastra pAtra ke saMgraha upayoga ? se kama doSa pUrNa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| abhI 8 pharavarI, 2009 meM AcArya sukumAlanaMdi jI ne ahamadAbAda meM eka kSullaka jI ko muni dIkSA pradAna kI thii| unhoMne usa samaya muni ke mUlaguNoM ke bAre meM samajhAyA usakA jo varNana vardhamAna saMdeza mahAvIra jayaMtI vizeSAMka ke pRSTha 23 para chapA hai vaha hai| " AcArya zrI ne 28 mUlaguNa kA vistRta svarUpa samajhAte hue navIna muni ko rupayA paisA, mobAila Adi bhautika upakaraNoM se dUra rahane va niraMtara svAdhyAya meM tallIna hAne kA upadeza diyaa|'' jo muni mahArAja zeviMga ke lie 2-4 rUpae kI bleDa kA bhI upayoga nahI karake hAtha se bAla ukhAr3ate haiM ve kaise kImatI upakaraNa rakheMge aura prayoga kareMge ? pUrNa aparigrahatva, nirAraMbhatva evaM ahiMsA digambara jaina muni ke prANavat haiN| bhautika prANoM ke jAne para bhI munirAja ahiMsA va aparigraha mahAvrata kA bhaMga nahIM krte| merA uddezya kisI vyakti vizeSa kI AlocanA karanA nahIM hai| maiM to kevala Agama kI bAta batAnA cAhatA huuN| merA to sabhI munirAjoM se karabaddha nivedana hai ki ve arhata bhagavAna ke samAna isa sAdhu parameSThIpada kI garimA banAe rakheM aura isa kI avamAnanA nahIM kreN| mujhe atyadhika vedanA hai ki Aja munirAjoM ke AcaraNa meM jo hrAsa huA hai usake lie zithilAcAra zabda bhI choTA par3atA hai| vastutaH isa muni ke cAritrika zaithilya ke lie hama zrAvaka bhI uttaradAyI haiN| digambara muni saMsthA para yaha saMkaTa AyA hai| adhika duHkha to

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 taba hotA hai jaba mUlaguNoM ko khaMDita karate hue bhI katipaya sAdhu mana meM kheda kA anubhava nahIM karate haiM balki usa doSa ko ucita siddha karane kA duSprayAsa karate rahate haiN| bahuta se vyakti muniyoM ke zaithilya kI puSTi meM yaha kahate haiM ki caturtha kAla ke caraNAnuyoga ke niyama paMcama kAla ke muniyoM para lAgU nahIM hote haiN| vastutaH muniyoM ke mUla guNa zAzvata haiN| kAla ke aMtara se mUla guNoM meM koI aMtara nahIM aataa| paMcama kAla ke aMta taka mUla guNoM kA pAlana karane vAle munirAja rheNge| aMtima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI divyadhvani meM jo caraNAnuyoga kI vyavasthAeM nirUpita huI unheM hI pazcAdvartI AcAryoM ne Agama meM grahaNa kiyaa| SaTkhaNDAgama, aSTapAhur3a, pravacanasAra, tatvArtha sUtra, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi graMthoM kI racanA paMcama kAla meM hI huI aura unhoMne muniyoM ke AcAra saMhitA kA nirUpaNa kiyA, vaha to paMcama kAla ke muniyoM ke lie hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| paMcama kAla meM prAraMbha se aba taka barAbara AgamAnukUla mUla guNoM kA pAlana karane vAle mahAmunirAja rahate Ae hai aura Aja bhI haiN| abhI paMcama kAla ke lagabhaga 18000 varSa bAkI haiM aura taba taka bhAva liMgI munirAjoM kA astitva rhegaa| hama AzA karate haiM muni mahArAja aura zrAvaka donoM milakara AgamAnukUla nirdoSa muni caryA kA saMrakSaNa kara digambara jaina muni dharma para Ae aura Age Ane vAle saMkaTa ko dUra karane meM pUrNa dRr3hatA evaM saMkalpa ke sAtha prayatnazIla baneM rheNge| isa viSama kAla meM ve vItarAgI mahAmunirAja apane nirdoSa saMyama aura AtmAnubhUti ke dvArA binA kahe hI apanI caryA se ahiMsA aparigraha evaM anekAMta ke sArvakAlika, sarvodayI siddhAMtoM kI jana- jana ko zikSA dete rheNge| -luhAr3iyA sadana, jayapura roDa, madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha - 305801 jilA ajamera (rAjasthAna) phona- 01463- 24308, 245638

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 pAtaJjalayoga evaM jainayoga samIkSA -DaoN. aruNimA yogazAstra bhAratIya Astika baDdarzanoM meM se eka aisA vyAvahArika darzana hai, jo sopAna rupa se manuSya ko kaivalya kI ora agrasara karatA hai| yogadarzana kI hI bhAMti jainadarzana bhI nirvANa ke lie prerita karatA hai| pAtaJjala darzana va jainadarzana zAbdika va pAribhASika dRSTiyoM se pUrNa samatA na rakhate hue bhI sAdhanA pakSa meM samAna pratIta hote haiN| maharSi pAtaJjalikRta yogadarzana va jainAcAryoM ke yogazAstra meM saiddhAntika bhinnatA hote hue bhI jo samatA dRSTigocara hotI hai usI samatA kA pratipAdana prastuta patra kA vivecya viSaya maharSi pataJjalikRta yogadarzana meM 'yoganizcattavRttinirodhaH' kahakara citta kI vRttiyoM kA nirodha karanA yoga kahA hai| jainAcArya haribhadra ne prAkRta meM racita 'yogaviMzikA' nAmaka apanI pustaka meM yoga ko isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA hai 'mokkheNa joyaNAo jogo savvo vidhmmvaavaaro| parisudvo vinneo ThANAigao visesennN|| saMskRta chAyA mokSeNa yojanAto yogaH sarvopi dhrmvyaapaarH| parizuddho vijJeyaH sthAnAdigato vishessenn|| AcArya haribhadra ke anusAra vaha sArA parizuddha karttavya vyApAra jo manuSya ko mokSa se jor3atA hai, yoga kahalAtA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bAraha prakAzoM meM vibhAjita apane yogazAstra meM yoga ko paribhASita karate hue likhA hai 'caturvato'graNI mokSo yogastasya ca kaarnnm| jJAna-zraddhAna-cAritrarupaM ratnatrayaM ca sH||' dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa- ina puruSArtha catuSTaya meM mokSa mukhya puruSArtha hai| usa mokSa kA kAraNa yA sAdhakatama karaNa yoga hai| samyak jJAna, samyak darzana tathA samyak cAritryaye tIna ratna hI yoga nAma se abhihita haiN| jainAcArya umAsvAti ne mana, vacana, va zarIra kI kriyAoM se utpanna AtmapradezoM kA kampana, jisase karma paramANuoM kA bandha hotA hai, use yoga kahA hai| pAtaJjala yogadarzana vRtti meM upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne yoga kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai- 'samitiguptidhAraNaM dharmavyApArapAratvameva yogtvm| samiti Avazyaka kriyAoM meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pravRtti kahA hai| gupti zArIrika, mAnasika va vAcika kriyAoM va nigraha gupti kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra mana, vacana, zarIrAdi ko niyaMtrita karane vAlA dharma vyApAra hI yoga hai| samiti satkriyA kI pravRtti tathA gupti atikriyA kA niSedha hai| inake samanvita rupa ko 'pravacanamAtra' kahA jAtA hai| vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se inheM maharSi pataJjalika kRta yogadarzana meM ullikhita yama-niyamoM ke sadRza kahA jA sakatA hai| uttarArdha sUtra meM chaha

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 karaNIya karmoM 'SaTkarmo' kA vidhAna hai- sAmayika, caturvizati stava, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga evaM prtyaakhyaan| 1. sAmAyika - pApamUlaka pravRttiyoM kI nivRtti evaM sAmyatA kI sthiti| 2. caturvizatistava - caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti| 3. vandana - gurujanoM tathA saMtoM ke lie Adara prakaTa krnaa| 4. pratikramaNa - sadoSa AcAra kA praayshcit| 5. kAyotsarga - zarIra kA tyAga - visrjn| para jIte jI zarIra kA tyAga kaise saMbhava hai? yahA~ zarIra ke tyAga kA artha hai- zarIra kI caMcalatA kA visarjana, dhyAna karate samaya zarIra kA zithilIkaraNa, zArIrika mamatva kA visarjana ityaadi| kAyotsarga ke prasaMga meM jaina AgamoM meM vizeSa pratimAoM kA ullekha hai| pratimA abhyAsa kI eka vizeSa dazA hai| bhadrA pratimA, mahAbhadrA pratimA, sarvatobhadrA pratimA tathA mahApratimA kAyotsarga kI ina vizeSa dazAoM meM sthiti hokara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne dhyAna kiyA thA, jinakA AgamoM meM ullekha hai| yadyapi yaha paraMparA prAyaH lupta hotI pratIta hotI hai punarapi yaha pAtaJjalayoga darzana ke Asana yoga se bhRzaM sAmya rakhatI hai| 6. pratyAkhyAna - pApakarmoM se nivRtti, AhArAdi kA kucha samaya ke lie tyaag| ye SaTkarma jaina paraMparA meM ThIka usI prakAra nirdiSTa haiM mono ye sArvabhauma mahAvrata hI hoN| mukhyatayA jaina dharma AcAra para AdhArita hai| 'AcAraH paramo dharmAH' kA siddhAnta jainadharma meM sarvocca siddhAMta hai| maharSi pataJjali ne apane yogadarzana meM aSTAMgayoga kA vidhAna kriyA hai| jaina paraMparA meM bhI kucha aise tattva haiM jinakI samatA aSTAMgayoga se kI jA sakatI hai| yama mahAvrata niyama yogasaMgraha Asana sthAna, kAyakleza prANAyAma bhAvaprANAyAma pratyAhAra pratisaMlInatA dhAraNA dhAraNA dhyAna dhyAna samAdhi sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, Avazyaka, Avazyaka niyukti meM mahAvratoM ke sambandha meM Avazyaka nirdeza prApta hote haiN| mahAvratoM ke vahI pAMca nAma haiM jo yamoM ke haiM arthAt jaina paraMparA meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha yo pAMcoM yama hI pAMca mahAvrata kahe jAte haiN| paripAlana kI dRSTi se inheM do nAma die gae haiM- mahAvrata aura annuvrt| ahiMsA Adi kA nirapavAda rupa meM saMpUrNa paripAlana mahAvrata hai, jisakA anusaraNa zramaNoM ke lie anivArya hai| jaba unhIM kA paripAlana kucha sImAoM yA apavAdoM ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai samAdhi

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 to ve mahAvrata hI aNuvrata kahe jAte haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra ke prathama dvitIya tathA tRtIya prakAza meM ina mahAvratoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| aisI kiMvadantI hai ki AcArya hemacandra ne gurjarezvara kumArapAla ke lie yogazAstra kI racanA kI thI isIlie unhoMne gRhastha jIvana ko vizeSataH dRSTi se rakhakara Atma vikAsa hetu paripAlanIya aNuvratoM kA bhI bar3A hI mArmika vizleSaNa kiyaa| sApavAda aura nirapavAda vrata- paraMparA tathA pataJjali dvArA pratipAdita yamoM ke tAratamyatA rupa para vizeSaH UhApoha kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| pataJjali bhI yamoM ko mahAvrata zabda se abhihita karate haiM jo ki jaina paraMparA se tulanIya hai| yogasUtra ke vyAsabhASya meM isakA talasparzI vivecana huA hai| yamoM ke pazcAt niyama Ate haiN| samavAyAMga sUtra ke battIsaveM samavAya meM yogasaMgraha ke nAma se battIsa niyamoM kA ullekha milatA hai jabaki pAtaJjala niyamoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca hI hai| yogasaMgraha meM eka hI bAta ko vistAra se aneka zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina AgamoM meM do prakAra ke adhyetA bahuta thor3e meM bahuta kucha samajha lenA cAhate haiM aura vistAra-ruci adhyetA pratyeka bAta ko vistAra ke sAtha sunanA samajhanA cAhate haiN| jaina paraMparA meM niyamoM kI yaha battIsa saMkhyA vistAra ruci vAle adhyetAoM ke lie samucita pratIta hotI hai| yogasaMgraha ke ye battIsa bheda vistAra-ruci sApekSa nirupaNa zailI ke anupama udAharaNa haiN| __ Asana ke saMbandha meM hemacandra ne eka vizeSa bAta kahI hai- 'jisa-jisa Asana ke prayoga se sAdhaka kA mana sthira bane, usI Asana kA dhyAna ke samaya upayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| pAtaJjala yogadarzana meM bhI 'sthirasukhamAsanam" isI ora saMketa kiyA hai| jaina sAdhanA paddhati meM prANAyAma kA ullekha to milatA hai kintu use mukti kI sAdhanA meM Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM AcArya bhadrabAhu ne prANAyAma kA niSedha kiyA hai, kyoMki prANAyAma se vAyukAya jIvoM kI hiMsA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai|' isI taraha AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM tathA upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne bhI 'jainadRSTyA parIkSitaM pAtaMjali yogdrshnm|| nAmaka graMtha meM prANAyAma ko mukti kI sAdhanA ke rupa meM asvIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra prANAyAma se mana zAMta nahIM hotA, apitu vilupta ho jAtA hai| prANAyAma kI zArIrika dRSTi se upayogitA hai mAnasika dRSTi se nhiiN| dUsarI ora 'mandaM mandaM kSiped vAyu mandaM mandaM vinikSipet' kahakara AcArya somadeva ne 'yazastilaka campU12 meM prANAyAma kI mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne daivasika kAyotsarga meM 100 ucchvAsa, rAtrika kAyotsarga meM 50, pAkSika meM 300, cAturmAsika meM 500 aura sAMvatsarika kAyotsarga meM 1008 ucchvAsa kA vidhAna kiyA hai| zvAsocchvAsa kI sUkSma prakriyAoM kI jaina sAhitya meM jo svIkRti hai| isa dRSTi se jaina paraMparA meM bhI prANAyAma svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAdhanA jo kAyotsarga kI sAdhanA hai vaha prANAyAma se yukta hai| jaina AgamoM meM dRSTivAda jo bArahavA~ aMga hai, usameM eka vibhaga pUrva hai| pUrva kA bArahavAM vibhAga prANAyupUrva hai| kaSAyapAhuDa' meM usa pUrva kA nAma prANavAyu pUrva hai jisameM prANa aura apAna kA vibhAga vistAra se nirUpita hai| prANAyu yA prANavAyupUrva ke viSaya varNana

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina manISI prANAyAma se samyak prakAra se paricita the| maharSi pataJjali ne pratyAhAra kI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai- 'apane viSayoM ke saMbandha se rahita hone para indriyoM kA citta ke svarUpa meM tadAkara- sA ho jAnA pratyAhAra hai|'15 jaina paraMparA meM nirupita pratisalinatA ko pratyAhAra ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai| pratisaMlInatA jaina vAD.maya kA apanA pAribhASika zabda hai isakA artha hai- azubha pravRttiyoM se zarIra, indriya tathA mana kA saMkoca krnaa| dhAraNA, dhyAna, samAdhi- ye yoga ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| pAtaJjala va jaina- donoM yoga paraMparAoM meM ye nAma samAna rupa meM prApta hote haiN| dhAraNA ke artha meM ekAgramanaH sannivezanA zabda bhI prayukta huA hai| nAbhi, citta, nAsikAgra, netra, lalATa Adi dhAraNA ke sthaloM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| inake atirikta tAlu, kapAla, mukha, bhRkuTI, kAna Adi ko bhI dhAraNA ke lie upayukta batAyA gayA hai|" maharSi pataJjali ne zarIra ke bAhara AkAza, sUrya, candra Adi zarIra ke bhItara nAbhicakra, hatkamala Adi meM se kisI eka deza meM cittavRtti lagAne ko dhAraNA kahA hai| dhyeya vastu meM vRtti kI ekatAnatA arthAt usI vastu meM citta kA ekAgra ho jAnA dhyAna hai| jaba kevala dhyeya mAtra kI hI pratIti ho tathA citta kA apanA svarUpa zUnya jaisA ho jAe, taba vaha dhyAna samAdhi ho jAtA hai| yoga kI paribhASA ke rupa meM bhI AcArya dhyAna ko hI yoga kahate haiN| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai'uttama saMhanana kA antarmuhUrta paryanta ekAgra cintA nirodha dhyAna hai| yahA~ ekAgracintA evaM cintAnirodha ko pramukha mAnA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra chandastha kI mAnasika sthiratA aura kevalI kI kAyika sthiratA dhyAna hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM- ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna Arta evaM raudra dhyAna ko aprazasta, dharma ko prazasta tathA zukladhyAna ko zuddha kahA gayA hai| Arta evaM raudradhyAna saMsAra ke hetu tathA zeSa do ko mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai| zukladhyAna ke cAra bheda kie gae haiM- (1)pRthktva vitarkasavicAra (2) ekatvavitarkanirvicAra (3) sUkSmakriyApratipAti (4) vyuprtkriyaanivRtti| maharSi pataJjali ne yogasUtra meM savitarkasamApatti kA jo varNana kiyA hai, vaha pRthaktvavitarkasavicAra zukla dhyAna se tulanIya hai| vahA~ zabda, artha aura jJAna ina tInoM ke vikalpoM se saMkIrNa milita samApatti-samAdhi ko savitarka-samApatti kahA hai| maharSi pataJjali dvArA varNita nirvitarka-samApatti ekatvavicArAvitarka se tulanIya hai| pataJjali likhate haiM ki jaba smRti parIzuddha ho jAtI hai arthAt zabda aura pratIti kI smRti lupta ho jAtI hai, cittavRtti kevala arthamAtra kA, dhyeya mAtra kA nirbhAsa karAne vAlI, dhyeyamAtra ke svarupa ko pratyakSa karAne vAlI ho, svayaM svarupa zUnya kI taraha bana jAtI hai, taba vaisI sthiti nirvitarka samApatti ke nAma se abhihita hotI hai| sUkSmakriyA apratipAti-sAdhaka jaba zArIrika, vAcika tathA mAnasika kriyAoM kA pUrNata: nirodha karatA hai tathA sthUlakAya yoga kA nirodha karake sUkSmakAya yoga (zravAsocchvAsa kI kriyA) meM zeSa rahatA hai| vyuparatakriyAnivRtti dhyAna se sUkSmakriyA bhI niruddha ho jAtI hai ataH ise avicchinna kriyA kahate haiN| isake pazcAt videha mukti se patana kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| isa dhyAna kI sthiti meM AtmA pUrNata: sthira

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44 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 ho jAtA hai| samAdhi-uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga Adi jainAgamoM meM samAdhi zabda kA prayoga bahuta bAra huA hai| kintu vaha bhI dhyAna kI carama avasthA hI hai| kucha sImA taka samAdhi va zukladhyAna meM sAmya bhI hai| AcArya hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM 'pRthaktva-zruta-savicAra' tathA 'ekatva-zruta-avicAra' ina do sthitiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| ye pAtaJjala savitarka samApatti dvArA tulanIya hai| jahAM dhyeya padArtha sUkSma hoM vahAM ukta donoM kI saMjJA savicAra aura nirvicAra samAdhi hai| aisA pataJjali kahate haiN| nirvicAra-samAdhi meM atyanta vaizadya-nairmalya rahatA hai, ata: yogI ko usameM adhyAtma prasAda-Atma-ullAsa prApta hotA hai| usa samaya yogI kI prajJA RtambharA hotI hai| usa RtambharA prajJA se utpanna saMskAroM ke prabhAva se anya saMskAroM meM bhI Asakti na rahane ke kAraNa unakA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra samasta saMskAra niruddha ho jAte haiN| phalataH saMsAra ke bIja kA sarvathA abhAva ho jAne se nirbIja-samAdhi dazA prApta hotI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA para jo karmAvaraNa chAye hue haiM, unhIM ne usakA zuddha svarupa AvRta kara rakhA hai| jyoM-jyoM una AvaraNoM kA vilaya hotA jAegA, vaha AtmA svAbhAvika dazA prApta karatI jaaegii| AvaraNoM ke apacaya ke nAza ke jaina darzana meM tIna krama haiM- kSaya, upazama aura kssyopshm| kSayakisI kArmika AvaraNa kA sarvathA nirmala yA naSTa ho jaanaa| upazama- avadhi-vizeSa ke lie miTa jAnA yA zAMta ho jAnA upshm| kSayopazama-karma kI katipaya pravRttiyoM kA sarvathA kSINa ho jAnA aura katipaya prakRtiyoM kA samaya vizeSa ke lie zAMta ho jaanaa| karmoM ke upazama se jo samAdhi avasthA prApta hotI hai, vaha sabIja samAdhi se tulananIya hai, kyoMki vahAM karma-bIja kA sarvathA uccheda nahIM huA hai, kevala upazama huA hai| kArmika AvaraNoM ke kSaya se jo samAdhi-avasthA prApta hotI hai, vaha nirbIja samAdhi se tulanIya hai; kyoMki vahA~ karma-bIja saMpUrNata: dagdha ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra ukta viSaya ke anuzIlana se itanA avazya jJAta hotA hai ki ina donoM paraMparAoM meM kAphI sAmaJjasya hai| zAbdika va pAribhASika vaividhya ke rahate hue bhI eka samatA kI sI pratIti hotI hai| vAstava meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pAtaJjala yoga tathA jainayoga meM aneka aise pahalU haiM jina para gaharAI se tulanAtmaka adhyayana apekSita hai| saMdarbha 1. yogasUtra 1/2 2. yogazAstra 1/15 3. tattvArtha sUtra-61, sthAnAMga sUtra- 3.1.124 4. pAtaJjala yogadarzana vRtti- upAdhyAya yazovijaya 5. tattvArthasUtra 24.1 6. uttarA. sUtra - 29.8-13 7. yogasUtra - 2/46

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 8. yogasUtra 2.9 tathA upAdhyAya amaramuni, yogazAstra-eka parizIlana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1963, pR.41 9. Avazyaka niyukti tathA AvazyakacUrNi, gAthA 1524 10. yogazAstra 6.4, 5.5 11. 'jainadRSTvA parIkSitaM pAtaMjali yogadarzanam' 2.55, uddhRta adhyAtmasAra, upAdhyAya yshovijy| 12. azastilaka campU- somadeva 8.256 13. dazavaikAlikasUtra, madhukara muni, pR. 57 14. kaSAyapAhuDa, anu, paM. hIrAlAla jaina siddhAMtazAstrI, zrI vIrazAsana saMgha kalakattA, ___1955, 1.2 15. svaviSayAsamprayoge cittasya svarupAnukAra ivendriyANAM prtyaahaarH| yogasUtra 2.54 16. jJAnArNava 1467.68 17. yogazAstra 6.7 18. dezabandhazcittasya dhaarnnaa| yogasUtra 3.1 19. tatra pratyayaikatAnatA dhyaanm| vahI, 3.2 20. tadevArthamAtranirbhAsaM svarupazUnyamiva smaadhiH| vahI 3.3 21. tattvArthasUtra- umAsvAti 29.25 22. yogazAstra 4.115 23. dhyAnazAstra-5, AdipurANa-21.27-29, tattvAnuzAsana-34 24. jJAnArNava- zubhacandra 3.28 25. pare moksshetu| umAsvAti ta.saM.- 9.30 26. tatra zabdArthajJAnavikalpaiH saMkIrNA savitarkA smaapttiH| yogasUtra 1.42 27. samRtiparizuddhau svarupazUnyevArthamAtranirbhAsA nirvitrkaa| yogasUtra 1.43 28. jJeyaM nAnAtvazrutavicAramaikya- zrutAvicAraM c| sUkSma-kriyAmutsanna-kriyamiti bhaidezcatu tt| yogazAstra 11.5 29. etayaiva savicArA nirvicArA ca sUkSmaviSayA vyaakhyaataa| vahI 1.44 - pravaktA, esa. DI. kAleja mujapapharanagara (uttarapradeza)

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46 34ch 63/1, - 2010 Relevance of Anekant in Modern Times - Prof. Ramjee Singh Modern times is an era of crisis in the realm of human civillization. The reason is that we give so much attention to short-range and local problems that longrange and global problems continue to be neglected. Secondly, life has become more intricately interdependent and complex. So simpler solutions no longer suffice. A world civilization is fast emerging and we cannot afford to solve our problems with a parochial temper and sectarian outlook. For human survival, we need human cooperation on a plenatary scale able to deal with rapidly increasing complexities. The critical problems are so complex that we need a philosophy equally complex to grapple with them. One dimensional man in a multidemensional worldcrisis will be out of joint. Interexistence is the positive option for mankind. Either there is organic growth of mankind or there is organic destruciton of human civilization. Not only is it too late in history to convert all of mankind to Christianity, or Islam or Jainism (or to Communism, or Capitalism or any other isms), but also to some metaphysical principles which we have been cherishing since antiquity. The growth of scientific knowledge and outlook has destroyed most of our false dogmas and superstitions but it has failed to provide us knowledge that could sublimate our animal and selfish nature. Animality has been dominating our individual as well as social behaviour. Hence, our life has become full of tensions, turmoils and disorders. Therefore, although we are outwardly pleading for world-peace and non-violence, yet we have been preparing for war. This is th crisis of modern time that we aspire for peace but prepare for the formidable funeral procession of mankind. Humanity is tottering today upon the brink of selfannihilation for lack of understanding, which includes understanding our selves and understanding each other. It is a time of tragic importance for the world because even before the shadows cast by one war is lifted fully, the skies become overcast with dark threatening clouds. Henc, at no period of human history man was in need of sound philosophy than today, As war begins in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defence of peace should be built. Today, one person does not agree with me, he is wicked, if a country does not agree with my country, it is wicked as if

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37763/1, 464-HEE 2010 there is no half-way, no neutrality. So ultimetely it is our waring ideologies that are at the root of world-tension. But ideologies or philosophies depend upon our-way of philosophizing. Hence Locke rightly felt that epistemological problems are prior to all others. An epistemological reorientation will infulence metaphisical grounding which in turn will determine our socio-ethico-plotical views any solution can utlimately be achieved through knowledge free from confusion and prejudices. Since things have many characters, they are the abject of all sided knowledge. The knowlegde which determines the full meaning of an object through the employment of one-sided knowledge is partial knowledge. Hence we should discard all absolute judgements, otherwise truth would be violated. Reality has got inumerable characteristics. A valid knowledge is defined as that which gives us knowledge of a thing in its various aspects. All expressions are somehow real. All objects have got innumerable characters, hence all things are multi-dimensional or Anekantic. The world is the store-house of great chaos in thought. All the confusion of thought which is prevailing in the world is the outcome of inexhaustive research and acceptance of a part for the whole. Almost all our disputes only betray the pig-headedness of the blind men who spoke differently about an elephant. The outstanding personalities like Sri Aurobindo, Raman Maharshi etc. spoke to us, in a world over organised by idiological fanaticism, that truth is not exclusive or sectarian. Every idol however noble it may seem is ultimately a Moloch that devours its worshippers. It is fatal to treat the relative and the home-made as though it were the Absolute. It is only intellectual clarity which wiil resolve all conflict and rivalry. All dogmatism owes its genesis to the partiality of outlook and fondness for a line of thinking to which a person has accustomed himself. This is imperialism and aggressiveness in thought. When the one party or another thinks himself the sole possessor of absolute truth. it becomes natural that he should think his neighbours absolutely in the clutches of Error or the Devil. Today, one man or one country fight with the other because their views vary. Views are bound to vary because we are guided by different conditions, thought and attitudes. Hence, it is wrong to think oneself right and rest others wrong. Here Syadvad-Anekantvada represents the highest form of catholicism coupled wonderfully with extreme conservatism, a most genuine and yet highly dignified compromise better than which we cannot imagine.

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371 63/1, 6-4 2010 We must realise that there is other's view-point as our own. This can happen when one puts oneself into another's shoes or to get under the skin of others. This is called sympathy which is the act of reproducing in our minds the feelings of another. Gandhi ji once told: "I advise a man not from my standpoint but from his, I try to put myself in his shoes. When I cannot do so. I refuse to advise". He once said: "I am myself a Pruitan but for others a Catholic". Syadvad or Anekantavada is adoption of the safe and secure middle path leaving the two extermes. It means that virtue has many facets. There is place for the penance of a saint, chastity of a woman, innocense of a child, bravery of a hero etc. As a lover of nature, one can equally enjoy the rains of rainy season, coolness of winter and heat of summer. Similarly, life is not one straight road. There are too many complexities in it. It is not like a train which once started keeps running. The real is as varibale constant. It is being and non-being, unity and plurality, the universal and the particular rolled into one. A thing is neither an absolute unity nor split into an irreconcilable plurality. It is both unity and plurality all the time. There is no opposition between unity of being and plurality of aspect. Similarly, things are neither exclusively particulars, nor are they exclusively universale, but they are a concrete realisation of both. The two elements can be distingushed by reflective thoght, but can't be rent asunder. A real is neither a particular nor universal in an exlusive manner, but a synthesis which is different from both severally and jointly though embracing them in its fold. Areal is sui generis. Although Syadvada-Anekantavada in not complete logic, it does involve a basic principle that seems to be essential to the kind of philosophy needed to account for, and to deal with the complexities of our emerging world civilization. The two-valued logic developed presupposes the principle of excluded middle as most basic--X is either A or non-A but not both (because A and non-A are contradictions). The dynamic, dialectical organic unities inherent in the increasingly intricate inter-dependent organisations constituting our emereging world require a more dynamic, dialectical organic logic than is presently availble. Despite the fact that the twovalued logic has immense practical values when used judiciously, it is still not adequate to accont for all of the vital developments in human society.

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37763/1, 6429-HT 2010 It is so difficult to say objectively anything fundamental about today's civilizaiton or modern man because "all of us are caught in the same prejudices". Only a man who is "wholly of the present" can say something important about the present-day world, and only he who has the "most intensive consciousness" of himself and his situation can hope to be such a man. What is required is "essential thinking (Heidegger) of "total seeing" (J. Krishnamurti) by competent persons for apprehending the problems and predicaments of conterporary civilization and for granting an inkling of their possible solutions, Karl Jaspers, also talks of "luminous encopassive thinking", through which contemporary political consciousness must be transformed and a new kind of politics adequate to the threat of atomic doom should be created. Dr. S. Radhkrishnan while speaking on the future of civilization (Kalki, the Future of Civilization, 1929 (first publised) held that to avert periodic crises of civilization, what is required is religious idealism and "cooperation and not identificaitona, accomodation to fellowmen and not imitation of them, and toleration and not absolutism". Thus if we want to save our civillization from atomic annihilation, we have to encourage Anekant culture. However, Anekant philosophy of life should not be confused with contratictionism, indeterminism, scepticism or solipsism. When we look to the particular merits of each side, there is no contradiction. Application of existence and non-existence to the same thing is contradicion but when existence and non-existence are asserted from different standpoints, it is not contradicion. Even in the Upanishads, we have the glimpses of how the reality reveals itself in different ways at different stages of knowledge. Hence Anekant attitude should not be equated with subjective relativism of the Sophists. It is "objective relativism" or "relative absolutism" like Whitehead, Bodin etc. However, there is no similarity with Einstein's theory of relativity. To some extent, we may find its parallel in old Pyrrohoneanism in the West. But while, Pyrrohoneanism relapases into agnosticism or scepticis, there is no room for scepticism whatsoever in Jaina theory of Syadvada or Anekantvada, Scepticism, means in the minimum, abscence of assertion, where as Syadvadins always assert, though what they assert are alternatives. Disjunctive judgement is still judgement. Easch disjunction is alternatively valid. Either there is no self-complete Reality or any such reality is wholly infinite, a mere demand that refuses to be actualised. The only scepticism is that there in concerning the so-called self-complete reality. So where as a sceptic is sceptical about any character of reality, Syadvad is quite

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 definitelyassertivel, Yet he is more sceptical than any sceptic in the world so far as the definiteness of the ultimate reality is concerned. He would go beyond avaktavya or Sunya so far the Advaitins and Sunyavadins are concerned with regard to their statements regarding ultimate reality. 50 Hence, Anekata stands against all mental absolutism. We can substantiate this relativistic standpoint on the cosmo-micro-physical ground supported by Einstienian doctrine of relativity and Maxwell's equation of electromagnetism which go foundamentally against the notion of absolute truth. When we say, we know this, we are saying more than is strictly correct, because all we know is what happens when waves reach our bodies. Researches in psychology of thinking, perception of self and conception of self in Child Psychology and phycho-analytical studies in Freudian narcissism or Adlerian power-factor support relativism. From socio-cultural standpoint, the doctrine of relativism is justified for no smooth funcioning of society is possible without mutual accomodation and adjustment which presupposes catholicism in thought, and sence of tolerance. In ethics and morality, we know so far relativism is domination. In the field of logic, the doctrine of the universe of Discourse is sometimes limited to a small portion of actual universe of things and is sometimes co-extensive with that Universe. The Universe of Discourse controls the interpretation of every word. Logic of Relatives too recognises the truth of SyadvadaAnekantvad when it discusses all relations embodied in propositions. Much of the confusion either of Buddhism or Advaita Vedanta is dure to false exaggeration of the relative principles of becoming and being into abslolute truths. Some is the fault with Parmenidian Being and Heraclitan Fulx. These may be called the variety of philosophical doctrines. Hence Anekant doctrine is the exposition of the principle of 'comprehensive perspectivism'. No perspective is final or absolute unless it is understood in terms of relativity. Therefore, even Anekant (non-absolutism) is subject to Anekant (non-absolutism). If non-absolutism is absolute, it is not universal since there is no one real which is absolute. And if it is not a non-absolute, it is not an absolute and universal fact. Tossed between the two horns of the dilema, non-absolutism thus siply evaporates. But we can meet this difficulty by making a distinction between the theory and practice of anekants. Every proposition of the dialectical sevenfold judgement is either complete or Incomplete. In the former, we use only

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37763/1, 6429-HT 2010 51 one word that discribes one characteristics of that object and hold the remaining characters to be identical with it. On the other hand, in the Incomplete judgement, we speak of truth as relative to our standpoint. In short, the complete judgement is the object of valid knowledge (Pramana) and the Incomplete judgement is the object of aspectal knowledge (Naya). Hence the non-absolute is constituted of the absolute as its elements and as such would not be possible if there were no absolutes. Here we can solve this difficulty by analysing the nature of unconditionality of the statment "all statements are conditional", which is quite different from the normal meaning of unconditionality. This is like the idea contained in the passage-- "I do not know myself", where there is no contradicion betwen "knowledge" and "ignorance". In the sentence. "I am undecided", there is at least one decision that I am undecided. Similarly, the categoricality behind a disjunctive judgement (A man is either good or bad), is not like the categoricality of an ordinary categorical judgement like "The horse is red". True the basis is always categorical but this categoricality does never clash with the proposition being disjunctive. When a logical positivist says that "there is no metaphysics", philosophy enters through the back-door. In short, the uncoditionality in the statement "All statements are conditional" is quite different from the normal conditionality. Ther are primarily tow sources to understnad the worldsenses and reason, ceosly connected with two grades of reality-existence and essence (Existentialism) or existence and reality (Hegel). Existence is actuality or actual verification, which is unconditional, absolute and categorical. There is no alternation or condition. But on the level of thought or reason or essence, there may be alternatives. But we cannot live in the world of thought alone and forget existence. We must also have something other than thought or reason which is unreason or irrationality. Behind reason, there is always the unreason, which we can give the name of faith (as suggested by Kant, Herder, Jacobi etc.). There are many grounds of faith-one being the Scripture. Scripture differs from one another. Jainas must stick to their position. Here is definiteness. However, we cannot expect such definiteness with reason because it only offers alternative pictures-- Jaina, Advaita, Vaisesikas. All are equally possible. In order to avoid indefiniteness we stick to one such possibility which is chosen for us by the community to which we belong or by some superior intuition. Thus there comes unconditionality. However, another may choose another pos

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52 371 63/1, 6-4 2010 sibility as existence if he belongs to another community or if his genius moves into another direction. So there appears to be again alternation among existence. But this alternation for only on thought level, We compare thought with other thoughts. And what is comparison ? Comparison involves thinking and reasoning, so it is thought-process. Some are bound to admit alternation. My stanpoint is only a possible one. But I cannot always fly in the air of possibilities, I must have moorings in some actuality. I must adopt one standpoint. Jainism is against all kinds of imperialism in thought. For each community there is a special absolute. But the absolute themselves are alternatives so far as they are probables. But this is only on thought level. But when I have chosen one it is more than possible, it is existence or actual. So there is wonderful reonciliation between conditionality and unconditionality. Every thing is conditional on thought level, but on the level of existence. Thus there is no real contradicion. To avoid the fallacy of infinite regress, the Jains distinguish between valid non-absolutism (Samyaka Anekanta) and invalid non-absolutism (Mithiya Anekanta) Like and invalid absolute judgement, an invalid non-absolute judgement, too, is invalid. To be valid, Anekanta must not be absolute but relative. If we consider the above points, we cannot say that the "theory of relativity cannot be logically sustained without the hypothesis of an absolute". Thought is not mere distincion but also relation. Everything is possible only in relation to and as distinct from others and the Law of Identity. Under these circumstances, it in not legitimate to hold that the hypothesis of an absolute cannot be sustained without the huypothesis of a relative. Absolute to be absolute presupposes a relative somewhere and in some forms, even the relative of its non-existence. Jaina logic of Anekanta is based not on abstract intellectualism but on experience and realism leding to a non-absolutistic attitude of mind. Multiplicity and unity, definability and non definability etc. which apparently seem to be contradictory characteristics of reality are interpreted to co-exist in the same object from different points of view without any offence to logic. They seem to be contradictory of each other simply because one of them is mistaken to be the whole truth. Infact, intergrity of truth consists in this very variety of its aspects, within the rational unity of

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371 63/1, 51764-HE 2010 53 an all comprehensive and ramifying principle. The charge of contradiction against the co-presence of being and non-being in the real is a figment of a priori logic. - Ex. Vice Chanscellor & Member of Parliament 104, Sanyal Enclave, Budha Marg, Patna-800001 (Bihar)

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 samaNasuttaM meM jIvana dizA darzana - zAnU jaila mAnava mastiSka jijJAsAoM kA mahAsAgara hai, isameM pratipala, pratikSaNa vicAra taraMgeM taraMgita hotI rahatI hai| pratyeka manuSya ke jahana meM apane jIvana ke sambandha meM eka savAla, eka jijJAsA z2arUra hI uThatI hogI ki jIvana kaise jiyA jAe ? athavA sahI dizA ko kaise jAnA jaae| kabhI-kabhI svayaM manuSya dvArA apanI antadRSTi se isakA uttara khoja liyA jAtA hai to kabhI jIvana paryanta bhI vaha apanI jijJAsA ko zAnta nahIM kara pAtA hai, basa yahI dazA vartamAna yuga kI bhI hai| vartamAna yuga jJAna-vijJAna kA yuga hai, sUcanA va praudyogikI kA yuga hai| Aja bauddhika vikAsa se prApta jJAna rAzi aura vijJAna va takanIkI kI vipula sAmagrI ke bAda bhI manuSya azAnta, vikSubdha tathA tanAvagrasta hai, jisakA kAraNa hai"jIvana-mUlyoM kA nirantara kssrnn|" vastutaH eka aTTAlikA kI saMsthiti usakI samatala AdhArabhUmi kI samIcIna AdhAArazilA para hI AdhArita hotI hai, arthAt samyak prakAra se rakhI gaI nIMva kI IMTa para hI eka sudRr3ha bhavana kA khar3A ho pAnA saMbhava hotA hai parantu Aja jIvana mUlyoM kA uttuMga bhavana banAne meM na to AdhArabhUmi ko samatala karane kA prayAsa mAtA-pitA tathA parivArajana dvArA ThIka prakAra se kiyA jA rahA hai aura na hI hamAre vidyAlaya tathA mahAvidyAlaya nIMva kI IMTa rakhane kA kArya bakhUbI nibhA pA rahe haiM pariNAmataH mAnavIya mUlyoM kA itanA hrAsa ho gayA hai ki vaiyaktika, sAmAjika tathA rASTrIya jIvana meM sarvatra vikaTa sthitiyAM utpanna ho gaI haiN| parantu, prabuddha sarvodayavicAraka AcArya vinobA bhAve jI kI adbhuta preraNA tathA prazAnta sAdhaka kSullaka zrI jinendra prasAda varNI jI va vibhinna jaina sampradAyoM ke zramaNa varga ke parizrama kA pratiphala hai- "samaNasuttaM" grantha, jisakI sAragarbhitA tathA samagratA isa tanAvapUrNa ghane aMdha kAramaya jIvana meM AsthA kI eka advitIya kiraNa kA kArya kara sakatI hai| ke0 dAmodaram jI ne kahA hai ki "jIvana-bhUta se preraNA lekara vartamAna ko bhaviSya ke rUpa meM badalane kA saMgharSa hai| "isI pariprekSya meM, yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki vartamAna tathA bhaviSya ke dizAdarzaka ke rUpa meM 'samaNasuttaM ' grantha meM nihita zaikSika tatvoM kI carcA yahAM prAsaMgika bhI hai to upAdeya bhii| zaikSika tatvoM kI carcA ke arntagata sarvaprathama zikSA ko paribhASita karanA Avazyaka hai| vAstava meM, 'zikSA' zabda samagratA tathA sAtatya (Continuitly) kA paricAyaka hai| zikSA ko jIvana kA caramotkarSa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki - "Education is life, for life and throughout life. And life is of and for education. So the saying is true that education is life.", zikSA ke sambandhoM meM jaba hama jaina dRSTi se socate haiM to kahA jAtA hai ki prArambha meM manuSya kI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kalpavRkSoM ke mAdhyama se hotI thI parantu

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 55 jaise-jaise kalpavRkSa lupta hote gaye logoM ke samakSa AjIvikA kI samasyA khar3I hone lgii| " asi-zastratalavAra Adi zastra dhAraNa kara sevA karanA masi-likhakara AjIvikA karanA, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa hasta kI kuzalatA se jIvikA karanA ye chaha kArya prajA kI AjIvikA ke kAraNa hai bhagavAna RSabhadeva jI ne apanI buddhi kI kuzalatA se prajA ke lie inhIM chaha karmoM dvArA vRtti karane kA upadeza diyA thaa| ataH kahanA anupayukta hogA ki AdhyAtma pradhAna jaina zikSA vyavasthA laukika jJAna, kalA va kauzaloM kI upekSA karatI hai| isa AdhAra para zikSA ke do rUpa ubharate hai 1. jIvana nirvAhakAriNI zikSA 2. jIvana nirmAtrI zikSA jo laukika jJAna, kalA-kauzaloM dvArA jIvikopArjana ke sAdhana juTAne meM sahAyaka ho, vaha jIvana nirvAhakAriNI zikSA hai| yahAM spaSTa kara lenA Avazyaka hai ki yaha jIvana kA prAthamika uddezya to ho sakatI hai parantu ise hI zikSA kI 'atha' va iti' mAna lenA ucita nahIM / vAstava meM saccI zikSA to vaha hai jo vyakti ko baMdhana mukta kara usameM aisI kSamatA tathA yogyatA vikasita kare ki vaha dUsaroM ko bhI baMdhana mukta karane meM sahAyaka bana sake, yahI jIvana nirmAtrI zikSA kahI jAtI hai| isI sambandha meM 'samaNasuttaM' meM kahA gayA hai ki - " nANamegaggacitto a, Thio a ThAvayaI prN| suANi a ahijjittA, rao suasmaahie|" arthAt adhyayana ke dvArA vyakti ko jJAna aura citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai vaha svayaM bhI dharma meM sthira hotA hai tathA dUsaroM ko bhI karatA hai| inhIM bhAvoM ko spaSTa karate hue 'dazavaikAlika sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai "mujhe zrutajJAna prApta hogA isalie adhyayana karanA caahie| maiM ekAgracitta rahUMgA isalie adhyayana karanA cAhie / dharma meM sthiratA hogI isalie adhayayana karanA caahie| maiM dharma meM sthira hokara dUsaroM ko usameM sthApita karUMgA isalie adhyayana karanA caahie|" nizcita hI, aisI virATa dhAraNA ko lie hue hai jaina zikSA darzana, jisakA sambandha mAtra sAkSara hone se hI nahIM hai kyoMki akSaroM kA hAtha thAmakara calanA to yAtrA kI zurUAta hai parantu akSaroM ke mAdhyama se jo kucha bhI kahA jAtA hai vaha jIvana yA AcaraNa meM nahIM utaratA hai to zikSA kI sArthakatA para praznacihna laga jAtA hai| isa hetu 'z2ibhAjita sUtra' meM kahA gayA hai ki - "sA vijjA dukkhamoyaNI " arthAt vidyA vahI hai jo duHkhoM se vimukti pradAna kare, yahAM vimukti se tAtparya mAnavIya tanAvoM se mukti, ahaMkAra va AsaktiyoM se mukti, rAga-dveSa va tuSNA se vimukti

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 hai| du:khamukti ke upAyoM ke vijaya meM kahA gayA hai ki "guru tathA vRddhajanoM kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI logoM ke samparka se dUra rahanA, svAdhyAya karanA, ekAntavAsa karanA, sUtra tathA artha kA samyak cintana karanA tathA dhairya rakhanA du:khamukti ke upAya hai|" zikSA cAhe nirvAha kAriNI ho athavA jIvana nirmAtrI donoM ke lie 'guru' kI apekSA sadA se rahatI AI hai| aura 'guru' pada para AsIna vahI hotA hai jo zraddhAvAn, jJAnI tathA caritravAn, sajjana, pAtrapremI, paropakArI, dharmarakSaka tathA jagattAraka hai "ratnatrayavizuddhaH san, pAtrasnehI praarthkRt| paripAlitadharmo hi, bhavAbdhastArako guruH||" sAtha hI ina guruoM ke sambandha meM 'samaNasuttaM' meM kahA gayA hai ki - "jaha dIvA dIvasayaM paippae so ya dippae diivo|" dIvasamA AyariyA, dippaMti paraM ca diiveNti|| arthAt jaise eka dIpaka se saikar3oM dIpa jala uThate hai aura vaha bhI svayaM dIpta rahatA hai vaise hI guru bhI svaparaprakAzaka hote haiN| ataH 'aise guru ke prati jisa ziSya meM na bhakti hai, na bahumAna hai, na gaurava hai na bhaya na anuzAsana hai, na lajjA hai, tathA na sneha hai usakA gurukula meM rahane kA kyA artha hai?"10 yadi hama vartamAna kI adhikatara chAtra-mAnasakitA kA avalokana kareM to, na to unameM apane guruoM ke prati sammAna hI jhalakatA hai aura na hI unase bhy| bar3hatI huI anuzAsanahInatA kA duSpariNAma bhI chAtra asantoSa, tor3aphor3a, upadrava, har3atAla, arAjakatA va avyavasthA tathA mUlyoM ke avamUlyana ke rUpa meM pratyakSa hI dRSTigocara ho rahA hai| vahIM zrI vAdIbhasiMha sUri jI ziSya kI saMkalpanA karate hue kahate hai "jo gurubhakta, saMsAra se bhIta, vinayI, dharmAtmA, kuzAgrabuddhi, zAntapariNAmI, AlasyahIna aura sabhya hotA hai vahI ziSya vAstavika ziSya kahalAtA hai|" eka ziSya kA vinaya ke sAtha abhinna sambandha hotA hai| vinaya ke pAMca prakAra kahe gaye hai- jJAna, darzana, caritra, tapa tathA upacAra viny| jJAna vinaya ke viSaya meM zrImadAcArya zivakoTi jI kahate haiM " kAle viNaye upadhANe bahumANe taheva nninnhvnne| vaMjaNa attha tadubhaye viNao NANammi atthtthviho||''13 arthAt kAla, vinaya, upadhAna, bahumAna, nihvava, vyaMjanazuddhi, arthazuddhi, ubhayazuddhi (ddhavyaMjanazuddhi aura arthazuddhi) ye jJAna vinaya ke viSaya meM ATha prakAra kI vinaya hai| ataH vinaya ke abhAva meM jJAna kI kalpanA AkAzakusumavat asat hI pratIta hotI hai| 'samaNasuttaM' meM vinIta tathA avinIta ziSya ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki -

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 57 "avinIta ke jJAna Adi guNa naSTa ho jAte hai yaha usakI vipatti hai aura vinayI ke jJAnAdi guNoM kI saMprApti hotI hai yaha usakI sampatti hai, ina donoM bAtoM ko jAnane vAlA hI (grahaNa aura Asevana rUpa) saccI zikSA ko prApta karatA hai|" jaina AgamoM meM zikSA ke mukhyataH do prakAra batAye hai- grahaNa zikSA tathA Asevana shikssaa| grahaNa zikSA se tAtparya jJAna saMgraha se hai vahIM Asevana zikSA meM saMgrahIta jJAna ko AcaraNa meM utArane para bala diyA jAtA hai parantu vartamAna zikSA vyavasthA kI yaha viDambanA rahI hai ki yahAM ziSya sUcanA bharane vAlA dvimukhI pAtra banakara raha gayA hai jisameM tathA jisake dvArA sUcanAoM kA mAtra AdAna pradAna hI kiyA jA sakatA hai, ni:saMdeha jJAna visphoTa ke isa yuga meM chAtra ko tathAkathita uccapadavI dhArI to banAyA jA rahA hai parantu manuSya ko manuSya banAne vAle kArakhAne (vidyAlaya) Asevana zikSA kI upekSA kiye jA rahe haiM, Aja jJAna ko AcaraNa meM utArane ke prayAsa lupta se hote jA rahe haiN| ataH 'samaNasuttaM' grantha meM AcaraNa zUnya jJAna kI upekSA karate hue kahA hai ki - "subahu pi suyamahIyaM kiM kAhii crnnvipphiinnss| aMdhassa jaha palittA, dIvasayasahassakoDI vi|| " arthAt janmAndha vyakti ke Age lAkhoM, karor3oM dIpaka jalAnA vyartha hai vaise hI cAritra zUnya vyakti kA vipula zAstrAdhyayana bhI vyartha hai, kyoMki zikSA kI garimA usake AcaraNa kI zuddhatA se hai aura aisA zuddhAcArI ziSya hI vAstava meM zikSA prApti kA adhikArI mAnA jAtA hai ataH zikSAzIla ke ATha lakSaNoM ko batAte hue 'samaNasuttaM' meM kahA gayA hai " jo haMsI majAka nahIM karatA ho| jo indriya tathA mana para niyantraNa rakhatA ho| jo kisI kA rahasyodghATana nahIM karatA ho| jo azlIla (AcArahIna) na ho| jo vizIla dUSita AcAravAn na ho| jo ati rasa lolupa na ho| 7. jo krodha na karatA ho| jo satya meM rata ho|" yadi vartamAna meM isa AcAra saMhitA kA anupAlana tathA anusaraNa chAtroM dvArA kiyA jAye to nizcaya hI zikSA kI samasAmayika samasyAoM se nijAta pAI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki bAta cAhe mUlyoM ke girAvaTa kI ho yA bar3hate hue chAtra asantoSa kI, yA phira vaicArika matabhedoM kA saghana jAla ho athavA satya, ahiMsA, samabhAva kA simaTatA huA saMsAra, kahIM na kahIM to hamArI mUla meM hI bhUla chipI huI hai parantu bAta yahIM taka sImita nahIM hai, samasyA

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 to yaha hai ki yaha mUla kI bhUla apane tIvra vega se 'sAinasa' kI taraha bar3ha rahI hai 'vAirala' kI taraha phaila rahI hai tathA 'kaiMsara' kI taraha hamAre saMskAroM kI nIMva ko khokhalA kara rahI hai| Aja kI zikSA hameM bAhya jagata ke sambandha meM bahuta kucha jAnakArI pradAna kara detI hai, kintu una ucca jIvana mUlyoM ke sambandha meM mauna hai jo eka susabhya sAmAjika prANI ke lie Avazyaka hai| isI sambandha meM AI.AI.TI.,dillI ne eka navIna pAThyakrama prArambha karane kA prAvadhAna rakhA hai- "Self Enquiry for Complete Leadership" isa pAThyakrama ke viSaya meM zrI vijayarAghavana cAriara ne batAyA ki "mUlya zikSA vidheya aura niSedha kI koI naitika zikSA sambandhI sUcI nahIM hai| hama cAhate hai ki hamAre vidyArthI kucha prAyogika kArya kareM tathA svayaM hI usakI jimmedArI bhI le, ve svayaM kI banAI gaI sImAoM ko tor3akara pUrNa pratibhA kA vikAsa kareM tathA apane uddezyoM evaM saMpUrNa netRttva ke lie AtmAnveSaNa kI prApti kara ske"|" ni:sandeha AI.AI.TI, dillI kA yaha prayAsa AtmAnveSaNa kI dizA kA mArga prazasta karane meM vyakti, samAja, rASTra tathA sampUrNa vizva ke lie upayogI siddha hogaa| Aja jIvana mUlyoM kA hAsa dina-pratidina bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai aise meM "jainoM kA 'akAratraya' ahiMsA, anekAntavAda tathA aparigraha samAja ke svAsthya kA sarvocca mAnadaNDa hai| eka dUsare ke atirekI vikalpoM ke sAtha kisa taraha sAmaMjasya ho sakatA hai usake nirNaya ke lie akAratra kA mAnadaNDa sarvocca hai|"18 vAstava meM, saccA evaM sArthaka jIvana jInA eka kalA hai aura ise sikhAne kA bhAra yadi 'samaNasuttaM' grantha jaise mArganirdezaka ko sauMpA jAe to avazya hI isa kalA meM pAraMgata honA sarala tathA sahaja ho jAegA kyoMki 'samaNasuttaM ' grantha asAmpradAyika bhAvanA ke kAraNa jaina-jainetara sabhI ke dvArA mAnya tathA vaicArika va sAmajika ekatA kA pratIka hai, jo na kevala samasAmayika zaikSika samasyAoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie amRtauSadhi hai, balki Adarza bhaviSya kI kalpanAoM ko dharAtala para utArane kA sAdhana bhI hai| sandarbha : 1. bhAratIya cintana : ke. dAmodarama 2. jainavAD.maya meM SThiAkSA ke tattva : DA0 nizAnanda STArmA, prAkRta jaina zastra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna, vaizAlI (bihAra), 1988, dekhe pR. saM. 35 3. AdipurANa prathama bhAga : jinasenAcArya, sampAdaka- anuvAdaka DaoN0 pannAlAla jaina sahityAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, saMskaraNa sAtavAM, 2000, pR. saM. 362, zloka saM.179, 180 SoDaza parva 4. samaNasuttaM : saMkalanakartA kSullaka jinendra varNI, hindI anuvAdaka DA0 kailAza canda jI zAstrI evaM muni nathamala jI, sarvasevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa vArANasI

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 59 5. dazavaikAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, vivecana sampAdaka-muni nathamala, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, 3 porcugIja carca sTrITa, kalakattA-1, gAthA-9/4/7 isibhAsiyAI suttAI : sampAdaka -mahopAdhayAya vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, mArca 1988, gAthA-17/2 6. 7. samaNasuttaM -290 8. kSatracUDAmaNi : vAdIbhasiMha sUri, anuvAdaka paM0 mohanalAla zAstrI, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, 1998, zloka saM. 2/30 9. samaNasuttaM 176 10. samaNasuttaM-29 11. kSatracUDAmaNi-2/31 jainendra siddhAnta koSa (bhAga -3) : kSu0 jinedra varNI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, 2002 dekheM pR.saM. 548 13. bhagavatI ArAdhAnA : AcArya zivakoTi, sampAdaka -upAdhayAya muni zrI nirNayasAgara jI, zrI nigrantha granthamAlA, dillI, 2008, zaloka saM. -112 14. samaNasuttaM-170 15. samaNasuttaM-266 16. samaNasuttaM-172,173 17. "It is not about moral Education of a list of dos and don'ts. We want our students to experiment but at the same time be responsible for their experiments. We want them to transcend the self imposed limitations and achieve their full potential" The Hindu - Oct. 2009 18. jaina dharma aura abhinava adhyAtma : pro0 vastupAla pArIkha, hindI anuvAdaka - pro0 bhAratI jozI

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 anekAntavAda -sAdhvI priyasnehAMjanAzrI saMsAra ke samasta darzanoM kA mukhya uddezya vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA pratipAdana rahA hai| vastu ke pUrNa aura yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna pAnA itanA sarala kArya nahIM hai| yadi kisI sarvajJa ko vastu kA yathArtha jJAna ho bhI jAye to usake bhI yathArtha svarUpa ko zabdoM meM vyakta kara pAnA bahuta kaThina kArya hai| vastu kA svarUpa hI kucha isa prakAra hai ki vyakta rUpa se jitanA dikhAI detA hai, usakI upekSA bahuta kucha avyakta hI rahatA hai| isa kAraNa se vibhinna darzanoM ne vastu ko vibhinna dRSTiyoM se pratipAdana karane ke lie prayAsa kie haiN| kisI ne bhedavAdI dRSTi se to kisI ne abhedavAdI dRSTi se prayAsa kiyA hai| vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke nirUpaNa ke lie kisI darzana ne dvaitavAda kA Alambana liyA to kisI anya darzana ne advaitavAda kaa| kucha darzanoM ne ekAntavAda ke AdhAra para to kucha darzanoM ne anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko smjhaayaa| jainadarzana vastuvAdI aura bahutattvavAdI darzana hone se na kevala jagata meM aneka vastuoM (dravyoM) kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai, apitu pratyeka vastu ko anantadharmoM, anantaguNoM aura anantaparyAyoM se yukta bhI mAnatA hai| isalie jainadarzana ke anusAra sattA yA vastu kA svarUpa anantadharmAtmaka hai| aisI anantadharmAtmaka vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharmayugala bhI pAye jAte haiN| pratyeka guNa kA dharma apane virodhI guNa yA dharma se jur3A huA hotA hai| AcArya mahAprajJa ne bhI isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki samUcI prakRti meM virodhI yugaloM kI sattA hai| janma hai to maraNa bhI hai, zubha hai to azubha bhI hai, U~cA hai to nIcA bhI hai| yadi jIvana meM aise virodhI yugala nahIM rahe to jIvana kI saMbhAvanA hI khatare meM par3a jaayegii|' isI prakAra vastu kA svarUpa bhAvAtmaka (sadbhUta) evaM abhAvAtmaka (asadbhUta) dharmoM se yukta hai| aisI aneka virodhI aura avirodhI dharmAtmaka vastu cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, usake yathArtha svarUpa ke pratipAdana ke lie anekAntadRSTi hI Avazyaka hai| anekAntadRSTi ke binA ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA svarUpa-nirupaNa saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| ekAnta dRSTi se kisI eka dharma ke AdhAra para vastu kA nirNaya kiyA jAyegA to apekSita dharma ke atirikta aneka pratidvandvI yA paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA niSedha ho jAne se vastu kA vaha svarUpa pratipAdana apUrNa aura ayathArtha hI rhegaa| kyoMki vastu meM kucha guNa dharma asti rUpa meM hote haiM to kucha guNa dharma nAsti rUpa meM bhI hote haiN| ghaTa meM ghaTarUpatA kA astitva hai, kintu paTarUpatA kA nAstitva bhI hai| isa satya ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| vastu ke aneka pakSa aura pahalU hote hai| udAharaNArtha alaga-alaga parvatArohI himAlaya parvata para alaga-alaga dizA meM car3heMge to pratyeka parvatArohI ko himAlaya kA alaga-alaga dRzya dikhAI degaa| apane-apane dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para cAroM parvatArohI yadi aisA kaheM ki "maineM jaisA dekhA hai vaisA hI himAlaya hai" to vaha himAlaya kA pUrNa svarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 61 himAlaya kA pUrNa svarUpa cAroM dizAoM kA sammilita rUpa hai| yaha svarUpa anekAnta dRSTi se hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra pUrNa satyatA aura yathArthatA kA dvArodghATana anekAntavAda hI kara sakatA hai| anekAntavAda kA mukhya uddezya yathArthatA ko bhinna-bhinna pahaluoM se dekhanA, samajhanA evaM samajhAne kA prayAsa karanA hai| ataH yaha eka aisI vyAvahArika paddhati hai jo satya kI vibhinna dRSTiyoM se khoja karatI hai| anekAnta zabda 'aneka' aura 'anta' ina do zabdoM se banA hai jisakA artha haianeke antAH dharmAH yasyAsau anekaantH| jisameM aneka anta arthAt dharma pAye jAte haiM use anekAnta kahA jAtA hai| dhavalA meM anekAnta kA artha 'jAyatyantara' batalAyA gayA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki aneka dharmoM ko milAne para jJapta hotA hai, vaha anekAnta hai| dUsare zabdoM meM aisA kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastu meM jo aneka sAmAnya aura vizeSa guNa aura paryAyeM haiM, unako svIkAra karanA anekAnta hai| sureza muni ke anusAra padArtha meM aneka paraspara virodhI vizeSatAe~ hone ke kAraNa padArtha anekAnta rUpa hai| jo padArtha kI isa anekarUpatA ko pratipAdana karatA hai, vahI anekAntavAda hai| anekAntavAda kA vikAsa anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda zabda ko sunakara bar3e-bar3e vidvAna bhI yahI samajhate haiM ki anekAntavAda jainoM kA vAda hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina vidvAnoM ne isa para na kevala aneka graMthoM kI racanA karake anekAntavAda kI puSTi kI, apitu saMpUrNa zakti se anekAntavAda kA samarthana kiyA aura anekAntavAdarUpI zastra ko dhAraNa karake hI anya dArzanikoM kA sAmanA kiyA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI kahate haiM ki anekAnta dRSTi kA mUla bhagavAna mahAvIra se bhI purAnA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI jaina aura jainetara graMthoM meM anekAnta kA vyavasthita aura vikasita rUpa nahIM milatA hai, parantu mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI vaidika sAhitya aura samakAlIna bauddha sAhitya meM anekAnta dRSTi ke poSaka vicAra mila hI jAte haiN|" isI bAta kA samarthana karate hue DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne bhI likhA hai ki anekAntadRSTi kevala jaina dArzanikoM kI ekamAtra bapautI nahIM hai| anekAnta dRSTi ke saMketa vaidika aura aupaniSadika sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha hote haiN| aisA kahakara unhoMne veda aura upaniSadoM ke aneka uddharaNa bhI diye haiN||2 veda aura upaniSadoM meM anekAntadRSTi ke saMketa vedoM aura upaniSadoM meM tatkAlIna vibhinna paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya ke prayAsa dRSTigocara hote haiN| prAcInatama sAhitya Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai ki sat eka hI hai kintu manISIgaNa usako aneka prakAra se varNana karate haiN| isI prakAra bhagavadgItA'4 meM kahA gayA hai ki anAdimAna brahma na sat hai aura na asat hai| IzAvAsyopaniSada meM sarvatra anekAnta jIvana dRSTi ke saMketa milate haiN| isameM bhI paramezvara ko sat aura asat donoM kahA gayA hai| parama tattva calatA bhI hai, nahIM bhI calatA hai, vaha dUra aura samIpa donoM hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 vaha samasta jagat ke bhItara bhI hai aura bAhara bhI hai| upaniSadkAroM ne parama tattva kI vyAkhyA meM na kevala ekAnta kA niSedha kiyA, parantu virodhI dharma ko svIkAra bhI kiyA hai, gItA meM paramatattva ko carAcara bhUtoM ke bAhara aura bhItara donoM mAnA gayA hai| isase upaniSadoM aura gItA meM anekAnta kI zailI spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI detI hai| uparokta vivecana se yaha bAta spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai ki samanvayavAdI vyAvahArika jIvana dRSTi ke bIja buddha aura mahAvIra se pUrva bhI the, jo kAlAntara meM anekAntavAda kA AdhAra bana gaye hoN| bauddha sAhitya meM anekAnta dRSTi saMyuktanikAya meM kahA gayA hai ki 'jIva' aura zarIra eka hai' yA 'yaha donoM alaga-alaga haiM' aisA kahanA mithyAdRSTi hai| isalie ina donoM ko chor3akara buddha madhyamArga se upadeza karate haiM, "kyoMki ye donoM vicAra ekAnta rUpa hone se mAtra satyAMza haiM, pUrNa satya nahIM hai| AtmA zarIra se na to ekAnta bhinna hai aura na hIM abhinna hI hai buddha ne tatkAlIna sabhI zAzvatavAdI-ucchedavAdI, AtmavAdI-anAtmavAdI Adi mantavyoM ko ekAMgI hone ke kAraNa tyAjya mAnA hai| buddha, yahI satya hai, aisA nahIM kahate the| unhoMne kahA ki 'saba kucha vidyamAna hai' aura 'saba kucha zUnya hai' ye donoM hI anta haiN| isalie ve madhyama mArga kA upadeza dete the| buddha sabhI praznoM ko uttara lagabhaga niSedha rUpa se hI dete the| unako bhaya thA ki vidheya rUpa se kahane para nizcita hI kisI matavAda meM ulajha jaayeNge| aikAntika mAnyatAoM se bacane ke lie tatvamImAMsA saMbandhI praznoM ke uttara meM yA to mauna rahate yA unheM avyAkRta kahakara TAla dete the| jaise unase pUchA gayA ki - maraNottara tathAgata kI sattA rahatI hai yA nahIM? buddha ne kahA jaise gaMgA kI bAlU aura samudra kI gaharAI ko nahIM nApA jA sakatA hai| usI prakAra maraNottara tathAgata bhI aprameya aura gaMbhIra hai| isalie avyAkRta hai| buddha ne apane yuga meM pracalita ekAnta ucchedavAdI aura zAzvatavAdiyoM ke mantavyoM kA niSedhakara azAzvatAnucchedavAda kA samarthana kiyaa| isase yahI parilakSita hotA hai ki buddha ne sadaiva hI aikAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rahane ke lie prayatna kiyA aura isake lie vibhajyavAda kA sahArA liyaa| zubha mANavaka ke yaha pUchane para ki- brAhmaNa gRhastha ko hI ArAdhaka mAnate haiM to isa viSaya meM ApakA kyA mata hai? buddha ne kahA- maiM yahA~ ekAMtavAdI nahIM, vibhajyavAdI huuN| mithyAtva se grasita gRhastha bhI nirvANa mArga kA ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA aura usI prakAra mithyAtvI tyAgI bhI ArAdhaka nahIM ho sakatA hai|" jainAgama meM anekAnta dRSTi jaina paraMparA kA prAcIna graMtha AcArAMga hai| isa Agama meM bhI anekAnta dRSTi ke saMketa milate haiN| udAharaNArtha- "je AsavA te parisavA, je parisavA te AsavA 12 aisA kahA gayA hai| isa paMkti kA artha hai ki jina kAraNoM se Azrava ho jAtA hai, unhIM kAraNoM se nirjarA bhI ho jAtI hai aura jina kAraNoM se nirjarA hotI hai, unhIM kAraNoM se Azrava bhI ho jAtA hai| Azrava aura nirjarA bhAvoM para nirbhara rahate haiN| bhAva nirjarA ke haiM to Asrava kI

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 kriyA bhI Asrava kA kAraNa bana sakatI hai| yahA~ eka hI kriyA se Asrava aura nirjarA donoM ho sakate haiM, aisA kahakara anekAnta dRSTi kA hI paricaya diyA hai sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM zramaNoM ko kisa prakAra kI bhASA ko upayoga meM lAnI cAhie ? isa saMdarbha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki zramaNoM ko vibhajyavAda kA prayoga karanA caahie| vibhajyavAda kA artha hai- kisI bhI prazna kA samAdhAna bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se bhinna-bhinna rUpa se denA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM pracalita zAzvatavAdI aura ucchedavAdI Adi ke paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAoM kA samanvaya anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para hI kiyaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM isa prakAra ke aneka praznottara saMkalita haiN| 63 tathAgata buddha ne loka kI zAzvatatA azAzvatatA, jIva kI nityAnityatA, jIva aura zarIra ke bhinnAbhinnatA Adi tatva saMbandhI sabhI praznoM ko avyAkRta aura anupayogI batAkara una praznoM ke uttara dene kI apekSA mauna dhAraNa kiyA / kintu isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki buddha ne bhI vastu ke anekAntika svarUpa ko svIkArA hai jaba virodhI dharmayugala jaise- nityAnityatA, sAntatA anantatA ityAdi vastu meM sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna haiM to ekAntavAda se vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| ekAntavAda se kiyA gayA vastu kA pratipAdana asatya ho jAyegA / aisA socakara hI tathAgata buddha ne ina praznoM ke uttara meM mauna dhAraNa karanA adhika ucita smjhaa| yadi uttara denA bhI par3A to niSedhAtmaka rUpa se uttara diyaa| 44 parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra kI zailI inase bhinna thii| unhoMne pratyeka prazna ko vyAkRta batAkara usakA uttara dene ke lie prayAsa kiyA / mahAvIra ne anekAntika vastu kA eka pakSIya pratipAdana nahIM kiyA, apitu samasta paraspara virodhI dharmayugaloM ko svIkAra karake samanvayAtmaka rUpa se vastu kA pratipAdana kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kahanA thA ki jaba vastu ke svarUpa meM hI nityatA, anityatA, ekatA anekatA, bheda abheda Adi aneka paraspara virodhI pakSa vidyamAna haiM, to vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ke pratipAdana ke lie anekAnta dRSTi upayukta ho sakatI hai| isI anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para una sabhI praznoM kA uttara diyaa| jinako buddha ne avyAkRta aura anupayogI batAkara TAla diyA thaa| jaise- jamAlI ne jaba yaha prazna kiyA- " bhagavAna! loka zAzvata hai yA azAzvata ?" bhagavAna ne kahA- "loka zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI hai" kyoMki loka kabhI nahIM thA, nahIM hai, aura nahIM rahegA, aisA nahIM hai| isalie loka dhruva aura zAzvata hai| loka azAzvata bhI hai| avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI kAla meM loka kA vikAsa aura hrAsa hotA rahatA hai| isa dRSTi se loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM hai| 25 jIva ke zAzvata yA azAzvata ke viSaya meM bhagavatI sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jIva zAzvata hai kyoMki jIva kabhI nahIM thA, jIva kabhI nahIM hai, aura kabhI nahIM rahegA aisA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie jIva zAzvata hai| jIva azAzvata bhI hai, kyoMki jIva nairayika se tiyaMca, tithaMca se manuSya aura manuSya se deva ho jAtA hai|" isa prakAra jIva yA AtmA dravya dRSTi se nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya hai| 27

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64 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 jIva aura zarIra paraspara bhinna haiM, yA abhinna ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue bhagavatIsUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kAyA AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna bhI hai| zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI hai, kAyA sacitta bhI hai aura acitta bhI hai, kAyA jIva rUpa bhI hai aura ajIva rUpa bhI hai| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM zarIra aura AtmA ko bhinnAbhinna rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| zarIra AtmA se bhinna isalie hai ki vaha apane prayAsoM se zarIra se mukta ho jAtI hai| AtmA zarIra se abhinna isalie hai ki indriya, kaSAya, yoga, upayoga Adi pariNAma zarIrayukta jIva ke hI hote haiN| isa prakAra jainAgama, bhagavatIsUtra, prajJApanA aura anuyogadvArasUtra Adi meM anekAntavAda kI prathamikatA dekhI jAtI hai, parantu anekAntavAda ko dArzanika kSetra meM pratiSThita karane kA zreya AcArya samantabhadra AcArya siddhasena divAkara aura mallavAdI ko jAtA hai| AptamImAMsA ke praNetA ko jAtA hai, jinhoMne syAdvAda kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara aura mallavAdI ne bhI anekAnta kI pratiSThApanA kI hai| AptamImAMsA ke praNetA AcArya samantabhadra ne syAdvAda kA sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai| AptamImAMsA para AcArya akalaMka aura vidyAnaMdI ne vivaraNa likhakara use sarala banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| praNetA AcArya haribhadrasUri ne 'anekAntajayapatAkA' Adi aneka graMthoM kI racanA karake anekAntavAda ke vikAsa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne anyayogAvacchedaka dvAtriMzikA Adi graMthoM meM evaM upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne 'anekAntavyavasthA' prabhRti graMthoM meM anekAntavAda kI puSTi ke lie zlAghanIya prayAsa kiye haiN| vastu kI ananta dharmAtmakatA jainadarzana ke anusAra vastu anantadharmAtma hai| vastu ke anantadharma, anantaguNa aura ananta paryAyeM hotI haiN| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke kucha guNa dharma hI hamAre anubhUti meM Ate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki vastu meM utane hI guNa dharma hai, jitane hamAre anubhUti ke viSaya banate haiN| parantu vastu meM aise aneka guNa dharma hai, jo hamArI sAmAnya anubhUti ke pare haiN| AcArya mahAprajJajI kahate haiM,- vastu meM ananta paryAyeM haiN| kucha vyakta paryAyeM haiM to bahuta kucha avyakta paryAyeM haiN| vyakta yA sthUla paryAyoM kA jagata bahuta saMkIrNa hai, jabaki sUkSma yA avyakta paryAyoM kA jagat bahuta adhika vistRta hai| vyakti avyakta paryAyoM ke jagata meM praveza kie binA hI arthAta kevala vyakta paryAyoM ke AdhAra para hI vastu svarUpa kA nirNaya kara letA hai, to usakA vaha nirNaya ekAMgI aura apUrNa hotA hai| kacce Amraphala meM vyakta rUpa se khaTTA svAda (rasa) hotA hai| parantu avyakta rUpa se usameM amla, madha ra, kaSailA Adi sabhI rasa vidyamAna hote haiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA to phira usake pakane para bhI madhuratA Adi guNoM kI koI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| hamAre bhItara rAga, dveSa Adi vyakta paryAyAyeM haiM to anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha Adi kI avyakta paryAyeM bhI haiN| anyathA dhyAna sAdhanA Adi upakrama ko koI artha nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra vastu meM vyaktAvyakta rUpa se anantadharma hai| jaise- kaccA Amraphala varNa kI dRSTi se harA yA ekAdhika varNoM se yukta hai, gandha kI dRSTi se bhItara se komala hai to bAhara se kaThora hai, aadi| punaH vastu meM

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 bhAvAtmaka dharma hI nahIM, ananta abhAvAtmaka dharma bhI hai| Amraphala ko Amraphala hone ke lie Amraphalatva dharma to cAhie hI, sAtha- sAtha drAkSatva, kadalItva Adi kI anupasthiti bhI anivArya hai| yaha Amraphala hai', aisA nizcaya tabhI hogA jaba usameM drAkSa, kadalI Adi ke guNa dharmoM kA abhAva hogaa| vastu ke svarUpa nirdhAraNa meM vidhi aura niSedha donoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| kisI eka ke abhAva meM vastu kA svarUpa nahIM bana pAtA hai| svayaMbhUstotra meM likhA gayA hai ki vidhi aura niSedha donoM kathaMcit iSTa haiN| vivakSA meM unameM mukhya aura gauNa kI vyavasthA hotI hai| prakRti kI bhI yahI vyavasthA hai| vyakti jaba calatA hai taba donoM paira eka sAtha nahIM uThate haiN| donoM eka sAtha uThe to calanA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| calate samaya eka paira Age bar3hatA hai to dUsarA paira pIche khisaka jAtA hai| isI prakAra vivakSita samaya meM vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM se eka dharma mukhya hotA hai, zeSa sAre dharma gauNa ho jAte haiN| DaoN. sAgaramalajI jaina kahate haiM- vastu meM aneka bhAvAtmaka dharma haiM to usase kaI gunA adhika abhAvAtmaka dharma hai| bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka donoM dharma milakara hI vastu ke svarUpa kA nirNaya karate haiN| vastu kyA hai' aura 'kyA-kyA nahIM hai', isI se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha pratipAdana hotA hai| ataH vastu ke nirNaya ke lie vidheyAtmaka pakSa ke sAtha niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko bhI svIkAranA par3atA hai, anyathA vastu sarvAtmaka ho jaayegii| vastu anekAntika hai jJAtavya hai ki vastu anantadharmAtmaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha anekAntika bhI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vastu meM na kevala vibhinna guNa dharma hote haiM, apitu usameM aneka virodhI dharmayugala bhI pAye jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha eka hI Amraphala jaba kaccA rahatA hai, taba harA aura pakane ke bAda pIlA ho jAtA hai| vahI Amraphala kAlAntara meM sar3akara kAlA bhI ho jAtA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra jo tat hai vahI atat bhI hai; jo ekAnta hai vaha anekAnta bhI hai; jo sat hai vaha asat bhI hai| eka hI vastu meM astitva-nastittva, ekatva-anekatva, nityatA-anityatA Adi aneka pakSa apekSA bheda se vidyamAna rahate haiN| koI bhI vastu sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra vastu sarvathA eka yA aneka bhI nahIM hai| nityatA, anityatA Adi paraspara nirapekSa nahIM hai| nityatA ke binA anityatA aura anityatA ke binA nityatA arthahIna ho jAtI hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra astitva, nAstitva Adi paraspara virodhI dharma eka dUsare ke pUraka hote haiN| ekatA aura anekatA paraspara anusyUta rahate haiN| utpatti aura vinAza bhI eka dUsare ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai|" paMcAstikAya meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bhAva (sattva) kA kabhI abhAva nahIM hotA aura abhAva (asattva) kA kabhI sadbhAva nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi aisA prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki nityatA aura anityatA donoM paraspara virodhI dharma hone se eka hI vastu meM eka hI sAtha kaise raha sakate haiM ? vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki jinheM hama paraspara sarvathA virodhI dharma mAnate hai|, ve sarvathA virodhI dharma nahIM hote haiN| do virodhI dharma apekSA bheda se

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66 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 vastu meM eka sAtha vidyamAna raha sakate haiN| hama apane dainika jIvana meM bhI dekha sakate haiM ki eka hI vyakti apanI patnI kI apekSA se pati hai to bahana kI apekSA se bhAI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vyakti pati aura bhAI donoM hai| eka hI bhojana svastha vyakti kI apekSA se pathya hai to asvastha athavA rugNa vyakti ke lie apathya bana jAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se eka hI vastu choTI-bar3I, zIta-uSNa, komala-kaThora bana jAtI hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyatayA mAnava buddhi jinheM paraspara virodhI guNa dharma mAna letI hai, ve bhI eka hI vastu meM apekSA bheda se pAye jAte haiN| isI kAraNa se jainAcAryoM ne sattA ko sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya na kahakara pariNAmI nitya mAnA hai| sattA pratisamaya nimittoM ke AdhAra para parivartita hote hue bhI apane mUla svabhAva kA parityAga nahIM karatI hai| jaise- eka hI vyakti bAlaka, yuvA aura vRddha, zakti Adi bhI badalate rahate haiN| phira bhI vyakti 'vahI rahatA hai'| isakA tAtparya hai ki vyakti kI vibhinna avasthAeM badalatI rahatI haiM, parantu vyakti to vahI rahatA hai| vyakti badalakara bhI nahIM badalatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to paryAyeM badalatI rahatI haiN| vyakti arthAt dRSTA nahIM badalatA hai| bAlyAvasthA naSTa hokara yuvAvasthA prakaTa hotI hai, parantu ina donoM hI avasthAoM meM vyakti nahIM badalatA hai| vyakti to 'vahI' rahatA hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu meM utpatti, vinAza aura dhrauvya, ye tInoM yugapat rahate haiN| utpAda evaM nAzarUpa paryAyoM ke binA dravya kA astitva nahIM hotA hai aura dravya (dhruvAMza) ke binA paryAyeM nahIM hotI hai| ataH dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hai| isa prakAra dravya kI dRSTi se sattA nitya hai aura paryAya kI dRSTi se anitya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA gayA ki jIvana nitya hai, yA anitya ? bhagavAna kA uttara thA- jIva apekSA se bheda se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI hai| dravyadRSTi se jIva nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se jIva anitya hai| nitya aura anitya ke samAna aise ananta paraspara virodhI dharma vastu meM sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna rahate haiN| ataH vastu meM svIkArAtmaka, niSedhAtmaka, paraspara virodhI, paraspara-avirodhI Adi aneka guNadharma hone se vastu kA svarUpa anantadharmAtmaka aura anaikAntika hai| jJAna aura abhivyakti kI sImitatA jaba pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka siddha hotI hai taba vastu ke aneka guNadharmoM kI ora dRSTi ko ojhala karake kisI eka guNa dharma kA sarvathA vidhAna karanA ekAntika kathana hai, jo asatya kA pratipAdaka ho jaayegaa| ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI bhI dharma kA niSedha nahIM karate hue sabhI dharmoM kA vidhAyaka kathana hI vastutattva kA satya pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to ananta dharmAtmaka vastu tatva ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna karanA sahaja nahIM hai| hara vastu meM itane adhika dharma, guNa paryAya Adi maujUda rahate haiM ki unakA batA pAnA asaMbhava nahIM hone para bhI kaThina avazya ho jAtA hai| eka ora vastu kA svarUpa virATa hai, to dUsarI ora isa virATa svarUpa ko jAnane ke hamAre sAdhana sImita haiN| mAnava ke pAsa satyagaveSaNa ke lie do hI sAdhana haiM- indriyA~

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 67 aura tarka buddhi / indriyA~ vastu ke pUrNa jJAna ko prApta karane ke lie asakSama hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa hai indriyA~ paudgalika hone se vyakta guNadharma ko hI jAna pAtI haiN| avyakta guNadharmoM ko jAnane ke lie indriyA~ asamartha hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki indriyoM kI kSamatA vyakti ke kSayopazama para bhI nirbhara rahatI haiN| dUra sthita kisI sUkhe vRkSa ko dekhakara eka vyakti use ThUMTha kahatA hai aura dUsare vyakti ko vahI ThUMTha manuSya ke rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai| isa kAraNa se hama vastu ko vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa se nahIM jAnakara, vastu ko usa rUpa meM jAnate haiM, jisa rUpa meM indriyA~ hamAre samakSa vastu ko upasthita karatI haiN| ataH hamArA jJAna svataMtra na hokara indriyA~ sApekSa hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA kathana hai ki hamArA jJAna indriya-sApekSa hone ke sAthasAtha una koNoM para bhI nirbhara rahatA hai jisa koNa se vastu dekhI jAtI hai| dUra se vastu choTI aura samIpa se bar3I dikhAI detI hai| bhinna-bhinna koNa se liyA gayA Tebala kA phoTo bhinna-bhinna dikhAI degaa| ataH indriyoM ke mAdhyama se prApta anubhavika jJAna dizA, kAla aura vyakti sApekSa hotA hai|" mAnava apane indriyAnubhUta jJAna kI satyatA kI pramANikatA ko jAnane ke lie apanI tarkabuddhi kA sahArA letA hai, parantu tarkabuddhi bhI kAraNa kArya, eka-aneka, asti-nAsti Adi vicAroM se ghirI huI hone se bauddhika jJAna bhI sApekSa hI hotA hai|" manuSya ina apUrNa indriyoM aura tarkabuddhi se pUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vastu utanI nahIM hai, jitanI vyakti use jAna pAtA hai| isalie vyakti apane Azika, apUrNa aura sApekSika jJAna se nirapekSa satyatA kA dAvA nahIM kara sakatA hai| vastu kA svarUpa itanA guhya hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSya ke lie usakA pUrNata: jJAna prApta karanA asaMbhava hai| bhASA kI sImitatA aura sApekSatA yadi koI pUrNa jJAnI vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kara bhI le to bhI satya ko nirapekSa rUpa se abhivyakta nahIM kara sakatA hai| satya ko nirapekSa rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai, parantu use abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki abhivyakti ke lie bhASA hI ekamAtra sAdhana hai, jo apUrNa, sImita aura sApekSa hai| eka ora vastu ke dharmoM kI saMkhyA ananta hai aura dUsarI ora bhASA ke zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai| isa kAraNa se vastu ke aneka dharma akathita hI raha jAte haiN|" bhASA meM koI bhI zabda aisA nahIM hai jo vastu pUrNa svarUpa ko prakaTa kara ske| eka zabda vastu ke eka nizcita dharma kA hI pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| punaH vastu meM aise ananta dharma haiM jinake prakAzana ke lie bhASA ke pAsa koI zabda nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke lie koyalA, koyala aura bhaMvarA sabhI kAle hone para bhI unake kAlepana meM bhinnatA hai / parantu bhASA ke mAdhyama se inake alaga-alaga kAlepana ko abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'kAlA hai'| 46 mAnava kI bhinna-bhinna anubhUtiyoM ko vyakta karane ke lie bhASA meM bhinna- bhinna zabda nahIM hai|

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68 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 jinabhadragaNi ne kahA hai ki saMsAra kI ananta vastue~ anabhilapya hai, jinakA varNana zabdoM dvArA nahIM ho sakatA hai| jo abhilabhya padArtha hai, unakA bhI anantavA~ bhAga hI prajJApanIya hai aura jo prajJApanIya padArtha haiM, unakA bhI anantavA~ bhAga hI sUtrabaddha hai| isalie vastu ke saMdarbha meM sApekSa kathana hI usake yathArtha svarUpa kA pratipAdana kara sakatA hai| kyoMki nirapekSa kathana meM vastu ke aneka dharma anukta raha jAne ke kAraNa yA una dharmoM kA niSedha ho jAne se vaha kathana asatya ho jAtA hai| isalie kathana kI pUrNa satyatA ko banAye rakhane ke lie evaM vastu ke pUrNa jJAna ke lie sApekSa kathana paddhati hI samIcIna ho sakatI anekAnta kI aparihAryatA sAmAnya rUpa se saMsAra ke pratyeka vyakti, pratyeka samAja, pratyeka dharma aura pratyeka darzana yahI dAvA karate haiM ki unake mAnya vicAra, mArga aura siddhAMta hI satya haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa virodhI pravRttiyoM aura virodhI matabhedoM kA janma hotA hai| ina virodhI yA ekAntika matabhedoM ne jIvana ko sulajhAne kI apekSA aura adhika ulajhAkara saMgharSa aura nirAzAoM ko utpanna karane kA hI kAma kiyaa| jaba koI jijJAsu jagata, jIvana aura jIvana saMbandhI praznoM ke samAdhAna ke lie saMsAra ke vibhinna dArzanika paraMparAoM kA adhyayana karatA hai to ghora nirAzA meM par3a jAtA hai aura usakI dRSTi aura adhika ulajha jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vibhinna dArzanika paraMparAoM meM jIva, jagata aura jIvana ke viSayaka itane paraspara virodhI vicAroM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisase unameM AkAza-pAtAla kA antara spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| udAharaNArtha- Atma tattva ke viSaya meM hI vibhinna paraspara virodhI vicAroM ko rakhA gayA hai| koI darzana AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai, koI use anitya mAnatA hai| koI AtmA ko eka kahatA hai to koI aneka kahatA hai| kisI darzana ke anusAra AtmA vibhu hai to anya kisI darzana ke anusAra AtmA aNu hai| AtmA jaise viSaya para bhI dArzanika ekamata nahIM ho paaye| aisI sthiti meM jijJAsu ko nirAza honA svAbhAvika hI hai ki Akhira satya kyA hai ? jaina dArzanikoM ne anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para isa samasyA kA samAdhAna kiyA hai| anekAntika dRSTi ke mAdhyama se paraspara virodhI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ke virodhoM kA parihAra karake samanvaya sthApita karane ke prayAsa kiye gaye haiN| anekAntavAda samasta dArzanika samasyAoM aura ulajhanoM kI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne ke lie mArga prastuta karatA hai| samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka, haribhadra, yazovijayajI Adi aneka dArzanikoM ne anekAntavAda ke bala para hI nitya-anitya, bheda-abheda, dvaita-advaita, astitva-nAstitva Adi virodhI vicAroM kA yuktisaMgata samanvaya kiyA hai| 'zAstravArtA-samuccaya' nAmaka graMtha meM haribhadrasUri ne virodhI pratIta hone vAle vicAroM kA sundara samanvaya prastuta kiyA hai| devendramuni ke zabdoM meM anekAntavAda rUpI nyAyAdhIza paraspara virodhI dAvedAroM kA nirNaya bahuta hI samIcIna rUpa se karatA hai aura usameM vAdI aura prativAdI donoM ke sAtha nyAya kiyA jAtA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para apekSA bheda se pitA ko putra aura putra ko pitA kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA ko bhI apekSA bheda se nitya aura anitya donoM kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA dravyadRSTi se nitya aura paryAya dRSTi se anitya haiM nizcayadRSTi yA tattvadRSTi se AtmA eka hai, parantu vyavahAra dRSTi se AtmA aneka hai| isa prakAra dArzanikoM ke samastavAda (dvaitavAda, advaitavAda, bhedabhAva, abhedavAda Adi) anekAntavAda meM usI prakAra mila jAte haiM jisa prakAra sabhI nadiyA~ mahAsAgara meM milakara tadrUpa ho jAtI haiN| vastu ke svarUpa kA vivecana karane vAlA koI bhI ekAMgI mata taba taka hI apUrNa aura asatya hotA hai, jaba taka vaha anaikAntika dRSTi se nahIM dekhA jAtA hai arthAt jaba taka vaha nirapekSa kathana karatA hai| jaise kisI ghar3I ke vibhinna purje alaga-alaga bikhare par3eM haiM to una alaga-alaga purjI ko ghar3I nahI kahA jAtA hai| parantu vahI purje jaba eka sAtha mila jAte haiM taba ve ghar3I banakara upayogI siddha ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra jaba alaga-alaga bikhare ekAntavAda milakara eka ho jAte haiM yA paraspara sApekSa bana jAte haiM taba ve anekAntavAda banakara vastu svarUpa ke sarvAza ke bodhaka bana jAte haiN| AcArya mahAprajJajI ke kathanAnusAra jisa vyakti kI anekAnta rUpI tIsarI A~kha khula jAtI hai usake lie koI bhI mata mithyA nahIM hotA hai| vaha vyakti sApekSatA kI kasauTI para hI satya aura asatya kI parIkSA karatA hai| usake lie jo kathana sApekSa hai, vaha satya hai aura jo kathana nirapekSa hai, vaha asatya hai|' haribhadrasUri ne kahA- mahAvIra ke prati merA pakSapAta nahIM hai aura kapilAdi ke prati merA dveSa bhI nahIM hai| jinakA vacana yuktisaMgata hai, ve hI mujhe mAnya haiN| eka bAta anekAnta ke Aloka meM hI kahI jA sakatI hai| kyoMki jo ekAnta ke prati AgrahazIla hotA hai vaha anya satyAMza ko svIkAra karane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hotA hai aura aisI sthiti meM pUrNa satya se anabhijJa hI rahatA hai| pUrNa satya kI prApti anekAnta se hI hotI hai| gopI ko navanIta kI prApti tabhI hotI hai, jaba vaha mathAnI kI eka rassI ke chora ko khIMcatI hai aura dUsare chora ko DhIlA chor3atI hai| isI prakAra eka dRSTikoNa ko gauNa karake dUsare dRSTikoNa ko mukhya banAne para hI satya kA amRta hAtha lagatA hai| anekAntavAda rUpI sUrya ke udita hone para sAre ekAntavAda ke ghanaghora bAdala titara-bitara hokara astitvahIna ho jAte haiN| anekAnta kI upasthiti meM sAre saMgharSa, matabheda aura vaimanasya kA astitva hI nahIM raha sakatA hai| ekAMgI aura durAgrahI dRSTikoNa kI pakar3a kamajora par3ate hI saMgharSa samApta ho jAtA hai| samasyA cAhe vyavahAra kI ho yA adhyAtma kI, darzana kI ho yA rAjanIti kI, sArI samasyAe~ anekAnta ke AdhAra para sulajhAI jA sakatI haiN| saMsAra ke sthUla aura sUkSma donoM paryAyoM (parivartanoM) ko jAnane ke lie anekAnta zreSTha dArzanika paddhati hai| isase saMgharSa kI ciMgAriyAM svataH samApta ho jAyeMgI aura antataH vizvazAnti kA mArga prazasta ho sakatA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne bhI anekAnta ko dArzanika siddhAMta kI apekSA eka vyAvahArika paddhati hI adhika kahA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 isa prakAra anekAntavAda saba darzanoM kI dhurI ke rUpa meM hai| dArzanika samasyAoM kI bAte to dUra rahI dainika jIvana kA vyavahAra, arthAt samAja aura parivAra ke sambandhoM kA nirvAha bhI anekAnta ke binA nahIM hotA hai| AcArya siddhasena kA kathana hai ki jisake binA loka-vyavahAra kA nirvAha bhI nahIM hotA, usa jagata ke ekamAtra guru anekAntavAda ko namaskAra hai| dvArA- DaoN. sAgaramala jaina prAcya vidyApITha, dupADA roDa mu.po. zAjApura (ma.pra.) 465001 saMdarbha1. darzana aura ciMtana, paM. sukhalAlajI, pR.151 syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgInaya, bhikhArIrAma yAdava, pR.42 'ananta dharmAtmaka vastu'- syAdavAda maMjarI, zloka 22 kI TIkA anekAnta hai tIsarA netra, AcArya mahAprajJa, pR.12 jIvana pAtheya, sAdhvI yugala nidhi-kRpA, pR.32 anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.1 jaina tattvamImAMsA, paM. phUlacanda zAstrI, pR.339 dhavalA, 15/25/1 aneke antAH dharmAH sAmAnya vizeSa pryaay| guNA sasyeti siddhe'nekAntaH, saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI, pR.30 muni zrI hajArImala smRti graMtha, pR.350 darzana aura cintana, paM. sukhalAla jI, pR. 149 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.3 eka sad viprA bahudhA vadanti- Rgveda, 1/164/46 anAdimatvaraM brahma na sattAnnAsaducyate- bhagavadgItA, 13/12 tadejati jannajati padUre tddhntike| tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyAsya baahaaytH||-iishaavaasyopnissd, 5 bahistazca bhUtAnAmacaraM carameva ca- bhagavadgItA, 13/16 taM jIvaM taM zarIraM.....saMyuktanikAya pAlibhAga- 2,12,-36

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 1 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. na cAhametaM tathiya'nti brUmi sutranipAta savvamatthI tikho kaccAna ayameko anto, saMyuta nikAla pAli bhAga - 3 44.1 (avyAkRta saMyuta) majjhimanikAya bhAga - 2, 49.1 (sumasutaM ) 50, 5 saMyuktanikAya, bhAga-2, 12:15 AcArAMga, 1/4/2 bhikkhu vibhavAya ca viyAgarejjAM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/1/14/22 anekAnta syAdavAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.21 bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 4, 9/33/34 bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 4, 9/33/34 bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 3, 7/3/5 bhagavatI sUtra, bhAga 5, 13/7/13, 14 " jaina darzana meM naya kI avadhAraNA" kI prastAvanA, suvratamuni zAstrI anekAnta hai tIsarA netra mahAprajJajI, pR.66 vidhiniSedhazca kathacitadidI vivakSayA mukhya guNa vyavasthA...svayaMbhUsjotra, kA. anekAnta hai tIsarA netra AcArya mahAprajJajI, pR.46 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 8 syAdavAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. bhikhArIrAma yAdava, pR. 36,37 tatra yadeva tattvAtat yadaivaikaM tadevAnekaM yadeva sattadevAsavadeva nityaMtadevAtyimityevavastu / - samayasAra, gA. 247 kI TIkA syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI naya, DaoN. bhikhArIrAma yAdava, pR. 38 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 11 bhAvassa Natthi NAso NAtthi bhAvassa caiva utpaado| anekAntavAda, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, datvaM pajjaviuyaM davva viutA yA pajjavAtthi, 71 guNapajjayesu bhAvA uptapAdavae pakuvvaMti / / paMcAstikAya, gA. 15 kIdRza vastu ? nAnA dharmeyuktaM vividhasvabhAva......svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, gA. 253 .. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 10 **********..... appAya - Thiva-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkakhaNaM evaM......sanmatiprakaraNa, 1 / 12 goyamA / jIvA siya sAsayA siya asAsayA

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 daLTaThayAe sAsayA bhAvaTaThayAe asaasyaa|.......... .....bhagavatIsUtra, 7/3/273 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR.12-13 vahI, pR. 13 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 63 syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgInasya, DaoN. bhikhArIrAma yAdava, pR. 63 pajhaNavaNijjA bhAvA, anaMtabhAgo tu annnnbhilppnnN| paNNvaNijjANaM paNa, anaMtabhAgo sudavibaddha.............vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gA.35 anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, ....... pR. 8 jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, devendramuni, pR. 234 udadhAviva sarvasindhava smdiirnnaastvyidrssttyH| na ca tAsu bhagavan pradRzyate avibhaktAsu srityisvvaadedhiH||.........siddhsen jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, devendramuni, pR. 234 se uddhRta dharmadarzana manana aura mUlyAMkana, devendramuni, pR. 163 anekAnta hai tIsarA netra, mahAprajJajI, pR. 82 ekanAkarSanti zlathayanti vastutattvamitareNa antena jayati jainI mitirmanthAnanetramIva gopI..........puruSArthasiddhyupAya, zlo. 225 anekAnta hai tIsarA netra, A. mahAprajJa, prastuti anekAnta, syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR... jeNa viNa logassa vi vavahAro savvahA Na NitvaDai tassa bhuvaNekka gurUNoM Namo aNegaMta vAyassa...........sanmati tarka prakaraNa, 3/70 51.

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM AdhyAtmika siddhAnto kI bhUmikA - sureza jaina, AI.e.esa. 1. paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie antarrASTrIya evaM rASTrIya stara para kie jA rahe aneka saphala prayatnoM ke bAvajUda bhI hamArI pRthvI kA paryAvaraNa aura vAtAvaraNa pradUSita ho rahA hai| paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM dhArmika, AdhyAtmika evaM sAMskRtika paramparAoM kA atyadhika yogadAna hai| ataH vaijJAnika kRtyoM ke sAtha- sAtha AdhyAtmika aura sAMskRtika AdhAra para paryAvaraNa saMbandhI siddhAMtoM kA pracAra-prasAra evaM vivekapUrNa prAcIna mAnyatAoM ko punarjIvita karanA Avazyaka hai| jaina dharma paryAvaraNa ke saMrakSaNa evaM poSaNa ke lie viralI kintu Thosa saiddhAntika zaktipITha pradAna karatA hai| 2. jaina saMskRti ahiMsA para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA ANvika yuddha ke lie bhI prabhAvI kavaca pradAna karatI hai| ahiMsA ke binA kisI bhI prANI kA astitva banAe rakhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina saMskRti ne paryAvaraNa ke sabhI ghaTakoM pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni, vanaspati kIr3e-makor3e, pazu-pakSI evaM mAnavIya samAja ke saMrakSaNa ke lie asAdhAraNa evaM adbhuta prAvadhAna kie haiN| paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 2500 varSa pUrva jio aura jIne do, parasparograho jIvAnAm evaM jIvANaM rakkhaNo dhammo ke zAzvata siddhAntoM kA pAlana, pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA hai| 3. jaina dharma prakRti aura mAnavIya jIvana ke bIca adbhuta sAmya kI ghoSaNA karate hue yaha sthApita karatA hai ki prakRti aura prANI cetana hai| donoM janma lete haiM, bhojana karate haiM, bar3hate haiM aura chinna-bhinna hone para dukhI hote haiN| 4. aparigraha jaina dharma kA mUlabhUta siddhAMta hai| yaha siddhAMta apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie pratyeka mAnava ko apanI icchAoM ko kama se kama karane evaM nyUnatama vastuoM kA upayoga aura upabhoga karane kI prabhAvI sIkha detA hai| ina vyAvahArika siddhAMtoM ko pAlana karate hue hama anAvazyaka vastuoM kA saMgraha na kreN| hameM yadi dAtuna ke lie eka choTI sI TahanI kI AvazyakatA hai to hama bar3I moTI DAlI na todd'eN| kama se kama pAnI upayoga kreN| kama se kama kAgaja kA upayoga kreN| isa prakAra hama pratyeka kSetra meM saMyamita evaM mitavyayI jIvana jie| jaina saMskRti ne AhAra bhojana ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa avadAna pradAna kiyA hai| jaina dharma zAkAhAra ko upAdeya aura mAMsAhAra ko heya mAnatA hai| mAMsAhAra ke lie pazu pakSiyoM kA hanana kiyA jAtA hai| jabaki pazu-pakSI paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke AdhArabhUta ghaTaka haiN| pariNAmataH zAkAhArI bhojana kA paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| 6. jaina dharma ne paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ko atyadhika mahattva diyA hai| prathama jina tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne prAcIna bhArata meM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa aura jaivika saMtulana banAye rakhane ke lie sazakta siddhAMtoM kI sthApanA kI thI, jo Aja bhI upayogI aura prabhAvI hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 yaha upayukta pratIta hotA hai ki hameM jaina paraMparAoM meM nihita mUlabhUta paryAvaraNa pratimAnoM ko prabhAvI DhaMga se pracalita kreN| jaina dharma hameM isa pRthvI ke choTe se choTe prANI, vanaspati aura yahAM taka kI sUkSma jIvANuoM (mAikrobsa) kI rakSA aura sammAna karane kI preraNA detA hai, jo paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke lie atyaMta upayogI hai| 7. vAyu saMrakSaNa evaM vAyumaNDala meM oNksIjana kA saMtulana banAe rakhane meM jaina dharma dvArA pratipAdita dina meM bhojana kA vidhAna evaM rAtri bhojana kA niSedha mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvAha karatA hai| rAtri meM bhojana niSiddha hone se bhojana pakAne ke lie cUlhe meM Aga jalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| pariNAmataH kArbana DAya AksAIDa kI mAtrA nahIM bar3ha pAtI hai| jaina dharmAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki hama kabhI bhI prayojana rahita koI bhI kArya na kreN| apane asaMyamita vyavahAra se paryAvaraNa ke sAtha cher3achAr3a na kreN| apanI svArthI pravRtti aura lolupatA ko niyamita aura niyaMtrita karate hue paryAvaraNa ko saMtulita banAe rkheN| pratyeka jaina vyakti apane sahaja svabhAva aura saMrakSaNa karate hue nimnAMkita niyamoM kA kaThoratA pUrvaka aura niyamita rUpa se pAlana kare aura svayaM ko bhArata kA uttaradAyI nAgarika banAaiM:8.1 apane gande vastra kisI bhI pravAhita pAnI meM na dhoye tAki usameM rahane vAle sUkSma jIvoM kI surakSA ho skeN| 8.2 bagaira chanA/azuddha jala na piyeM tAki zarIra rogamukta raha sake aura AsapAsa kA vAtAvaraNa dUSita hone se baca jaae| saMsAra ke vaijJAnika mAnate haiM ki jaina dharma meM pracalita pAnI chAnane kI prathA svastha zarIra ke lie atyadhika upayogI hai| yaha prathA zreSTha svAsthya evaM Adhunika sabhyatA kI pratIka hai| 8.3. kisI jala srota se pAnI nikAlane chAnane ke pazcAt zeSa bace bagaira chane pAnI, jisameM aneka jIvANu rahate haiM, ko usI jala srota ke nimnatama stara taka pahu~cA diyA jAya tAki sUkSma jIvANu apane prAkRtika haibITATa meM pahu~ca kara jIvita raha sakeM aura jaivika saMtulana ko banAe rakha skeN| 8.4 nadiyoM aura jalakuNDoM meM zava evaM asthiyoM kA visarjana na kreN| jala srotoM meM kacarA na bhaaeN| 8.5 koI bhI jala kI eka bUMda vyartha naSTa na kareM, per3a-paudhoM se vyartha hI phUla yA patte na tor3eM, vidyuta yA kisI bhI UrjA kI eka yUniTa bhI vyartha vyaya yA durupayoga na hone deN| 8.6 jaina dharma samAja ke pratyeka vyakti ko yaha mahatvapUrNa upadeza detA hai ki vaha saMpUrNa mAnava jAti evaM sRSTi ke samasta jIvoM kI dIrghAyu kI maMgalakAmanA pratidina niyamiti rUpa se kreN| vaha parama ArAdhya kI sAkSI meM yaha bhAvanA bhAye ki varSA samaya para aura paryApta ho, bAr3ha yA sUkhA na ho, koI mahAmArI na phaile evaM samasta rAjanetA tathA prazAsanika adhikArIgaNa apane kartavyoM kA pAlana saccAI evaM ImAnadArI se kreN|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 9. isa taraha jaina dharma meM paryAvaraNa ke mUla ghaTaka, pRthvI, jala, agni aura vanaspati ke durupayoga, atyadhika upayoga yA naSTa karane saMbandhita sAmAjika evaM dhArmika niyama sthApita kiye haiM, jisase prakRti ke ina upahAroM kA saMrakSaNa ho sake aura paryAvaraNa pradUSita na hoN| 75 10. jaina sAdhu apane jIvana meM iko-jainijma evaM eplAiTa jainijma ke siddhAMtoM kA samAveza evaM abhivyaktikaraNa karate haiN| ve apane sAtha sirpha kASTha nirmita kamaNDalu aura morapaMkha se banI picchI rakhate haiN| ye donoM upakaraNa paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa evaM Atmonnati ke pratIka haiN| ye aisI sAmagrI se nirmita haiM, jo svayameva prAkRtika rUpa se jIvoM ke dvArA chor3I gaI hai| sAdhujana kamaNDalu ke jala kA dainika AvazyakatA hetu bar3I mitavyayatA se upayoga karate haiN| dainika kriyAoM ke daurAna picchI ke dvArA ve sUkSma jIvoM kI prANarakSA kA prayAsa karate haiN| isa taraha mitavyayatA aura prANI rakSA kA saMdeza unake jIvana se anAyAsa hI pracArita hotA rahatA hai| 11. jaina muni paryAvaraNa ke zreSTha saMrakSaka haiN| ve hamezA zikSA dete haiM ki hameM svaccha paryAvaraNa meM rahanA cAhie, chanA huA zuddha evaM svAsthyavarddhaka jala grahaNa karanA cAhie, pradUSaNa mukta vAyu kA sevana karanA cAhie, prAkRtika, svaccha, zaktivarddhaka sAtvika bhojana lenA caahie| saMzodhita AhAra yA vAsI bhojana, biskuTa breDa DibbA baMda evaM saMrakSita bhojya sAmagrI prayoga nahIM karane kI salAha bhI ve dete haiN| ve vividha rasAyanoM se saMrakSita karake dUra-dUra se Ane vAle phaloM kI apekSA sthAnIya tAje evaM saste phala evaM sabjiyoM ko grahaNa karane ke lie prerita karate haiN| yadi hama ina zikSAoM evaM nirdezoM kA niyamapUrvaka anusaraNa kareM to cikitsakoM evaM auSadhiyoM kA prayoga sImita ho sakatA hai| hama svayaM apekSAkRta jyAdA svastha rahakara paryAvaraNa ko svastha banA sakate haiN| 12. prAkRtika saMrakSaNa meM jaina saMskRti kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| hama apane sAMskRtika AcAra-vicAra kA anusaraNa evaM abhyAsa kara prakRti kA saMrakSaNa kreN| hama apane vikAsa kA aisA DhAMcA taiyAra kareM jo ki paryAvaraNa evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra ko dRr3hatA pradAna kre| Aja na kevala hamArI saMskRti yA rASTra varan hamArA samUcA graha (pRthvI) bhI aise khatare meM hai jaisA pahale kabhI nahIM thaa| mAnava jAti paryAvaraNa ko itane vyApaka paimAne para naSTa kara rahI hai ki svayaM prakRti bhI akele isa kSati kI pUrti nahIM kara sakatI hai| isase pahale ki bahuta dera ho jAe hameM paryAvaraNa kI isa sabase bar3I cunautI ko, jisase ki hamArA aura hamArI pRthvI kA astitva jur3A hai, svIkAranA hogaa| hama meM se pratyeka vyakti ko zreSTha paryAvaraNa saMrakSaka bananA hogaa| 13. caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM para aMkita cinha prakRti evaM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke artha evaM saMdeza ke saMvAhaka haiN| ye cinha saMbaMdhita tIrthakara ke jIvanavRtta evaM unakI samakAlIna pravRtti para AdhArita hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM kA prAkRtika saMpadA evaM vanya prANiyA~ ke saraMkSaNa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| tIrthakara cinh hameM paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa kI prabhAvI

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 preraNA evaM anubhUti pradAna karate haiN| tIrthakara yaha jAnate the ki mAnava prakRti para nirbhara hai, ataeva unhoMne prakRti, vanya pazu evaM vanaspati jagata ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM mahattvapUrNa vibhinna pratIka cinh svIkAra kie| 24 tIrthakaroM ke 24 cinhoM meM se prANI-jagata se 13 cinha hai| prANI jagata ke baila, hAthI, ghor3A, baMdara, hiraNa evaM bakarA ityAdi manuSya jagata ke lie sadaiva upayogI evaM sahayogI rahe haiN| ye jIva jagata ke lie varadAna svarUpa rahe haiN| svastika evaM kalaza mAMgalika haiM, ataH kSemaMkara hai| vajradaNDa nyAya, vIratA evaM zaurya kA pratIka hai| prakRti kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka candramA zItalatA evaM prasannatA pradAyaka hai| kalpavRkSa, vanaspati jagat kA pratIka hai| lAla, evaM nIlakamala puSpa jagata ke sumadhura evaM surabhita pratinidhi hai| puSpa apanI prAkRtika sundaratA evaM sukumAratA se zAnti aura prema kA saMdeza prasArita karate rahe haiN| isa prakAra jaina saMskRti prakRti AdhArita saMskRti hai| 14.pratyeka jaina tIrthakara ko vizuddha jJAna (kevala jJAna) kI prApti kisI vizeSa vRkSa kI chAyA meM prApta huii| jaina sAhitya meM ina vRkSoM ko tIrthakara vRkSa yA kevala vRkSa kahate haiN| bhagavAna AdinAtha se lekara mahAvIra paryanta sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke vRkSa paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke janaka evaM saMpoSaka haiN| yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka vRkSa meM saMbaMdhita tIrthakara kA AMzika prabhAva vidyamAna rahatA hai| vizeSya tIrthakara vRkSa kI sevA, darzana aura arcanA se saMbaMdhita tIrthaMkara kI kRpA prApta hotI hai| tIrthaMkara vRkSa ke ropaNa se saMbaMdhita sthala kI AdhyAtmika zakti meM vRddhi hotI hai| 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke jAmuna, pIpala, kaithA, nandI, tilaka, Ama, azoka, maulazrI, bAMsa, devadAra evaM sAla hai| paMcama tIrthakara sumatinAtha evaM SaSTha tIrthaMkara padamaprabha donoM tIrthakaroM ne priyaMgu vRkSa ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha apavAdAtmaka sthiti bana gaI hai| isa prakAra 24 tIrthakaroM ne 23 prakAra ke bhinna bhinna vRkSoM ko svIkAra kara vRkSa saMrakSaNa ko parokSa rUpa se saMvardhana pradAna kiyA hai| 15.jaina tIrthakara prakRti aura paryAvaraNa ke vizeSajJa the| ataH unhoMne svayaM ko prakRti se jor3akara paryAvaraNa ko AdhyAtmika jagata meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyaa| pariNAmataH unake dvArA Adezita tIrthakara cinha evaM tIrthakara vRkSa bhAratIya-saMskRti meM pUrI taraha se raca-paca kara bhAratIya jIvana paddhati ke aMga bana ge| tIrthaMkaroM ne apanI ghanaghora tapasyA ke lie bhAratavarSa ke saghana vana tathA vanya prANiyoM kI pracuratA vAle kSetroM kA cayana kiyA hai| tIrthakaroM ne apane cinhnoM aura vRkSoM ke mAdhyama se prakRti se apanA jIvaMta saMparka banAye rakhA hai| prakRti saMrakSaNa meM jaina ciMtana kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai ki isa jIvanta itihAsa ko vizva ke samakSa punaH udghATita kiyA jaae| 16. tIrthakara cinhna-samUha aura tIrthakara vRkSa samUha atIta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya ke paryAvaraNa kI anubhUti kA pravAhI srota hai| cinhoM aura vRkSoM kI yaha caubIsI prakRti, vanaspati, pazu evaM pakSI jagata kI mahattvapUrNa abhaya-vATikA hai| isa abhaya-vATikA se zAnti kA zAzvata nirjhara pravAhita ho rahA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 17. manuSya kI sAmAnya icchAoM kI pUrti prakRti dvArA binA kisI kaThinAI ke pUrI kI jA sakatI hai, kintu jaba icchA bahuguNita hokara kaluSita ho jAtI hai, taba use pUrI karanA prakRti ke lie kaThina ho jAtA hai| manuSya kI yaha bahuguNita icchA hI prAkRtika saMkaToM kI jananI hai| isI kaluSita evaM bahuguNita icchA kI tuSTi ke phalasvarUpa paryAvaraNa tahasa-nahasa ho jAtA hai| vAyu, jana dhvani evaM dRzya pradUSita ho jAte haiN| jaisejaise vyakti kI icchA bahuguNita aura kaluSita hotI jAtI hai, usakI saMgraha kI pravRtti bar3hatI jAtI hai| usakA mana, citta, dhavalatA ke sthAna para kAlimA grahaNa kara letA hai| aisI pravRttiyoM ko niyamita karane ke lie jaina AcArya kahate hai| ki hama prayatna pUrvaka caleM, prayatna pUrvaka ThahareM, prayatna pUrvaka soeM, prayatna pUrvaka baiThe, prayatna pUrvaka boleM aura prayatna pUrvaka bhojana kreN| Aiye, hama kAlimA ke patha ko chor3akara dhavalatA ke patha para agrasara hoM aura apane paryAvaraNa kA saMrakSaNa evaM savaMrddhana kreN| hama apane prAkRtika dharma kA nirvAha kreN| apane paryAvaraNa ko smhaaleN| apane pariveza ko zuddha rakheM aura saba milakara apanI dharA ko sjaaaiN| ***** 30, nizAMta kAlonI, bhopAla-462003 phona- 0755-2555533 mo. 9425010111 Email: scjain@gmail.com vipadi dhairyamathAbhyudaye kSamA sadasi vAkpaTutA yudhi vikrmH| yazasi cAbhirucirvyasanaM zrutau prakRtisiddhamidaM hi mhaatmaanaam|| bhartRhari nItizataka, 63 - vipattikAla meM dhairya, aizvarya meM kSamA, sabhA meM vAkcAturI, zAstra meM vyasana- ye saba guNa mahAtmAoM meM svabhAva se hI siddha hote haiN|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 sarvodaya tIrthamidaM tavaiva AcArya samaMtabhadra evaM mahAtmA gA~dhI: eka tulanAtmaka dRSTi - DaoN. rAmajI siMha 'sarvodaya' zabda bhale hI saMskRta sAhitya evaM isake prAmANika zabdakoSoM meM nahIM hai| lekina sarvodaya kI bhAvanA prAcIna vaidika Arya evaM nIti graMthoM meM paryApta rUpa se vyApta hai| aisA kyoM huA, isakA eka uttara to yahI de sakatA hU~ ki sarvodaya eka sAmAsika zabda hai jo sarva+udaya, ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| ata: alaga se inako saMyukta kara svataMtra rUpa se zabda koza meM dene kI AvazyakatA nahI thii| lekina isa zabda kI bhAvanA itanI suramya evaM prakhara hai ki ise "vAcaspatyam" yA "zabda kalpadruma' Adi vRhada saMskRta zabdakozoM meM nahIM hai| phira saMpUrNa veda, upaniSada, gItA aura vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa meM bhI isakA prayoga nahIM milanA eka saMyoga yA kusaMyoga ho sakatA hai| jabaki vaidika saMskRti meM sarvodaya kI bhAvanA prabhUta rUpa se vidyamAna hai| Azcarya taba hotA hai jaba jaina AcArya samantabhadra kI pustaka yuktyanuzAsana meM "sarvodaya" zabda sarvodaya tIrtha ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA gayA hai| "sarvodaya" meM "sarva" zabda bahuvacana meM "saba" kA bodha hotA hai| 'saba' kA dUsarA artha "saba prakAra se" yA sarvaprakAreNa mAnA jaayegaa| saba prakAra kA artha bhautikaadhyAtmaka, abhyudaya-niH zreyasa, preya-zreya ke alAvA Arthika, rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika Adi saboM ko samAhita karatA hai|? mahAtmA gA~dhI ne sarvodaya kA uparokta artha mAnate hue eka nayA artha bhI pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai jisakI preraNA saMbhavataH unheM bAibila evaM jAna raskina kI pustaka "Anto the Last" lI hai| yaha kAraNa hai ki isa pustaka kA jaba gujarAtI bhASA meM gA~dha jI ne chAyAnuvAda kiyA to usakA nAma gujarAtI meM 'antyodaya' huA, bhale hI hindI meM "sarvodaya" rakhA gyaa| bAIbila meM eka atyanta manorama evaM hRdaya sparzI sthAna hai ki sarvodaya kI bhAvanA aMtima vyakti ke kAraNa se hI AraMbha honI caahie| isa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara gA~dhI jI ne apanI AkhirI prasiddha tAvIja kI vyAkhyA meM kahA thA ki jaba hameM koI asamaMjasa ho yA nirNaya lene meM duvidhA ho to usakA nirNaya karate samaya hameM cAhie ki hamArA hamAre kAma se adhika aMtima vyakti lAbhAnvita hotA hai to vaha kAma karanA caahie| isake pIche mAnavatA kA parama utkarSa to hai hI, eka AdhyAtmika vicAra yaha hai ki bhagavAna daridra nArAyaNa hai| jo vyakti dIna-hIna, dukhI-daridra, aura AkiMcana hai, usameM bhagavana kA darzana karanA hI sArtha hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai-"daridrAn bhr-kauntey|" ravIndra nAtha ne bhI gItAMjali meM kahA hai ki bhagavAna kA carama sthAna aMtima, padadalita evaM pIr3ita vyakti ke pAsa hai| rAmakRSNa ne to jeI jIva, teI ziva kaha kara jIva ko hI Izvara maanaa| gA~dhIjI ke AdhyAtmika ziSya saMta vinobA bhAve ne apanI pustaka "svarAjya- zAstra" ke rAjya ke vikAsa kara cAra zreNiyoM meM kramazaH ekAyatana, alpAyatana, bahuAyatana ke sAtha

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79 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 sarvAyatana mAnate hue sarvodaya-darzana ke anusAra rAjya vyavasthA meM sarvAyatana yAni jo rAjyavyavasthA sabhI kA, sabhI ke dvArA evaM sabhI ke liye ho" mAnA thaa| asala meM yaha zabdAMtara isalie kiyA gayA ki pAzcAtya nIti zAstrajJoM meM sijavika, baiMthama mila Adi ne upayogitAvAda kA nayA darzana kara khar3A kara use "adhikatama logoM kA adhikatama sukha" kA AkarSaka nArA diyA thaa| kintu cUMki isakA mUlAdhAra bhautikavAdI jIvana-darzana thA, vaha sarvodaya-vicAra kA maMtra nahIM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isake bAda se vaidika vADa.maya se "sarve bhavantu sukhinaH sarve santu nirAmayAH, sarve bhadrANi pazyantu, mA kazcid du:khabhAgbhavet" kA adhika vyApaka Adarza svIkArya huaa| bahusaMkhyaka yA bahumata kA AdhAra alpamata ko khArija karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pAzcAtya rAjataMtra meM saMsadIya prajAtaMtra meM bahumata kA AdhAra lokataMtra kA adhiSThAna bana gyaa| jisake kAraNa aneka vikRtiyoM kA janma huaa| bahusaMkhyaka kA gANitika samIkaraNa 51/49 bhI ho sakatA hai evaM yadi 99/100 lekara 51/49 bhI ho sakatA hai| bhAratIya saMsada meM hAla hI meM mAtra 1 voTa se aTalajI kI sarakAra apadastha ho gyii| eka rAjya meM sarakAra Aja bhI alpamata meM rahakara zAsana kara rahI hai| lekina bahumata alpamata ke atirikta upayogitAvAda kA AdhAra sarvatobhadra nahI hai aura usakI dRSTi mAtra bhautikavAdI hai| hameM socanA hogA ki sarvodaya meM 'udaya' zabda kevala bhautika udaya kI apekSA nahI rakhatA hai upaniSad meM jisa prakAra preya evaM zreya tathA dhammapada meM piya-siyasa vaggo kA aura nyAya vaizeSika meM abhyudaya niH zreyas hai| sAmyasutra meM abhidheya paramasAmya meM saba kA samanvaya hai, usI prakAra kA antara upayogitA vAda evaM sarvodaya meM hai| vinobA jI ne sAmyasUtra meM abhidheya parama sAmya kI jaba upasthApanA kI to samatA meM kevala Arthika samatA kA hI nahIM, balki rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, naitika, AdhyAtmika samatva kI bAta rakhI hai| isa artha meM samantabhadra ke sarvodaya kI avadhAraNA mUla rUpa se AdhyAtmika hai, jabaki gA~dhIjI dvArA pratipAdita sarvodaya AdhyAtmika hone ke sAtha-sAtha laukika bhI hai| jisameM jIvanakA samasta pakSa samAhita hai| jise hama saMracanAtmaka sarvodaya kaha sakate haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ne anya saMto kI taraha vyaktigata sAdhanA aura vyaktigata samAdhi kI hai| karma ke dvArA manuSya bandhana meM par3atA hai aura karma ke kSaya hone se hI mokSa kI siddhi hotI hai| gA~dhI ne vyaktigata sadAcAra ko kama mahatva nahIM diyA aura jahA~ jainAcAryoM ne paMcamahAvrata ko bauddhoM ne paMcazIla tathA sAMkhya-yoga-vedAMta meM paMcayAm ke rUpa meM vyaktigata cAritrika sAdhanA ko apanAte hue ekAdaza vrata kA vidhAna rakhA hai, kintu jahA~ saMta Adi aMtarmukhatA ke kAraNa kevala vyaktigata jIvana zuddhi para jora dete haiM vahA~ gA~dhI unake vicAra ko mAnate hue dezakAla aura paristhiti ke anusAra vyakti ke sAtha samAja ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhate hue vyavasthA kI pavitratA para bhI dhyAna dete haiN| bhAgavata mahApurANa meM prahlAda ne bhagavAna dvArA paramapada prApta karane ke lie jAnA chor3a diyA thA aura kahA thA jaba taka samAja

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 ke sAre loga mukta nahIM hote haiM to unheM vaha mukti bhI nahIM caahie| "prAyeNa deva munayaH svavimuktakAmA" yahI kAraNa hai ki gA~dhI ne samAja sAdhanA ko bhI sarvodaya meM sthAna diyaa| jIvana sAdhanA ke lie ekAdaza vrata aura samAja sAdhanA ke lie aThAraha racanAtmaka kAryakrama btaaye| yahI nahIM anyAya ke pratikAra ke lie unhoMne satyAgraha kA ahiMsaka astra bhI diyaa| isa taraha jahA~ AcArya samantabhadra uccatama koTi ke saMta the vahIM gA~dhIjI saMta aura yoddhA donoM the| unake yuddha meM bhI ahiMsA kA hI prayoga thaa| gA~dhI ke anusAra jIvana eka samagratA hai jisameM samAjanIti, rAjanIti, dharmanIti saba paraspara eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate hai| jaise hamArI samAjanIti hogI vaisI hI hamArI rAjanIti hogii| lekina gA~dhI ne vyaktigata zuddhatA ko saba kA AdhAra mAnA aura isIlie sAdhana zuddhi para bhI atyadhika bala diyaa| AinsaTIna ne bhI adhyAtma aura vijJAna kA samanvaya karate hue kahA thA ki yadi adhyAtma binA vijJAna aMdhA hai to vijJAna ke binA bhI adhyAtma paMgu hai| gA~dhI jI ke ziSya vinobA jI ne vedAnta ko mAnate hue bhI zaMkarAcArya kI ukti 'brahma satyama jaganmithyA' ke badale 'brahma satyaM jagatsphUrtiH jIvAnAm satyazodhanam' kahakara mAyAvAda kA khaMDana kiyaa| Adhunika yuga meM yogirAja zrI aravinda ne bhI yadi bhautikavAda kA isalie niSedha kiyA ki bhautikavAdI Atmatatva kA niSedha karate hai aura AdhyAtmavAdiyoM kI isalie AlocanA kI ve bhautikajagata kA niSedha karate haiN| isalie gA~dhIjI ne rAjanIti aura arthanIti kA AdhyAtmIkaraNa aura zikSA tathA vijJAna ko bhI AdhyAtma se jor3akara sarvodaya vicAra ko paripUrNa aura gatizIla bnaayaa| unhoMne jainadarzana ke anekAMta aura syAdvAda ko isalie svIkAra kiyA ki ve satya ko apanI vyaktigata dharohara nahIM maante| satya sApekSa hotA hai isalie apane vicAra ko hI sahI aura dUsare ko galata kahanA eka prakAra kI hiMsA hai| isIlie jaina paraMparA meM bhI bhikSu aura gRhastha do prakAra ke vidhAna hai aura donoM ke lie alaga-alaga sadAcAra ke niyama hai| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI paMcazIla aura dakSazIla kA bheda hai| bhikSu banane ke lie kaThora sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hai, lekina gRhastha sAMsArika jIvana meM hai phira bhI ahiMsA ke sAtha aparigraha kI sAdhanA bhI gRhasthoM ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai bhale usakI kucha maryAdA ho| aparigraha ke binA ahiMsA saMbhava hI nahIM hai aura vinamratA aura sadAcAra ke binA satya dharma kA pAlana hI nahIM ho sktaa| isalie gA~dhI ne jaina dharma ke sarvodaya vicAra ko yugAnukUla aura vyAvahArika banAne ke lie use vyaktigata utkarSa ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika utkarSa kA bhI sAdhana bnaayaa| niSkarSa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki samantabhadra aura gA~dhI donoM yaha mAnate haiM ki vyaktigata jIvana zuddhi ke binA hama samAjazuddhi kI kalpanA nahIM kara sakate haiN| isIlie donoM meM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| AcArya zrI sarvodaya vicAra kI nIMva haiN| gA~dhI sarvodaya rUpI bhavya bhavana ke kalaza haiN| samantabhadra ke anusAra sarvodaya tIrtha vyakti ko tAratA huA mokSa pradAna karatA hai| gA~dhI kA sarvodaya vyakti ko to mukti detA hI hai sAtha-sAtha samAja ko bhI sarvatobhadra rUpa se vikasita karatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 jaina paraMparA ne Age calakara janmanA jAti prathA aura hiMsA ke vikRtatama rUpa dha rma ke nAma para pazubali kA virodha kiyA thaa| vahIM gA~dhI ne samUce vizva meM ahiMsA kA pracAra kiyaa| AcArya samantabhadra ne jaina zAstroM ke anukUla hI sarvodaya tIrtha kA pratipAdana kiyaa| vahA~ gA~dhI ne kevala apane dharma ke prati zraddhA aura niSThA vyakta karate hue bhI sarva dharma samabhAva kI bhAvanA ko Age bddh'aayaa| anekAMta vicAra ke anusAra yaha kahanA ki kevala hamArA dharma hI sarvazreSTha hai zAyada samIcIna nahIM hogaa| isIlie Aja gA~dhI ne ahiMsA ko vaizvika aura sarva dharmAvalambI banAkara anekAMtavAda ko hI sazakta kiyA hai| yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai| anekAMta kevala zabda nahIM bhAvanA kA nAma hai| ___- pUrva kulapati evaM saMsada sadasya 104, sAnyAla enkaleva, buddha mArga, paTanA-800001 (bihAra)

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82 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 pustaka samIkSA kRti kA nAma- mUlAcAra vasunandi pAribhASika koza, saMpAdaka- DaoN. ramezacandra jaina, DI. liTa, nidezaka- jaina vidyA adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna kendra, varddhamAna kaoNleja, bijanaura (u.pra.), prakAzaka evaM prApti sthAna- zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad, maMtrI kAryAlaya - ela-65, nyU iMdirAnagara, burahAnapura (ma. pra. ) mo. 09826565737, pRSTha-17+341, mUlya 300rU./ samIkSya kRti 'mUlAcAra vasunandi pAribhASika koza' zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad kI viziSTa sAhitya prakAzana paraMparA kA eka anupama puSpa hai| jisakA saMpAdana vidvatpariSad ke pUrva adhyakSa DaoN. ramezacanda jaina, DI. liT., bijanaura ne kiyA hai| kRti evaM kRtikAra ke viSaya meM parama pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnaMda jI mahArAja ne apanA AzIrvAda dete hue kahA hai kikoSasyeva mahIpAnAM kozasya viduSAmapi / upayogo mahAn yasmAt klezastena vinA bhavet // artha- jisa prakAra rAjAoM ko 'koSa' (dhana kA bhaNDAra) kI bar3I bhArI AvazyakatA hotI hai aura usake abhAva meM bar3A kaSTa uThAnA par3atA hai, usI prakAra vidvAnoM ko bhI 'koza' ( zabdoM kA bhaNDAra, jJAna kA bhaNDAra) kI mahatI upayogitA hotI hai aura usake abhAva meM bar3A kaSTa uThAnA par3atA saca hai 'koza' ke binA koI bhI acchA vaktA yA lekhaka nahIM ho sakatA / hai| dharmAnurAgI vidvadvarya DaoN. ramezacanda jaina niraMtara adhyayanazIla evaM sajjana puruSa haiM, unheM jainadarzana ke sAtha-sAtha itara darzanoM kA bhI acchA jJAna hai / mUlAcAra kI vasunandivRtti kA 'koza' taiyAra kara unhoMne vidvAnoM evaM sAmAnya svAdhyAyI vyaktiyoM ke lie bhI bar3A hI upayogI kArya kiyA hai| ve isI prakAra jinavANI kI satata sevA karate raheM yahI maMgala AzIrvAda hai| ukta kRti kI racanA ke pIche parama pUjya munipuMgava zrI sudhAsAgara jI mahArAja kI prazasta preraNA rahI hai| bAMsavAr3A cAturmAsa kAla meM unake hI sAnidhya meM saMpanna 'mUlAcAra anuzIlana rASTrIya vidvatsaMgoSThI' ke samaya DaoN. ramezacanda jI ke mastiSka meM yaha vicAra ubharA ki mUlAcAra ke TIkAkAra AcArya vasunandi ne jo paribhASAeM dI haiM ve anupama haiM aura unakA eka koza bananA cAhie lekina yaha zramasAdhya kArya koI aura kaise karatA / ataH svayaM

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 isa kArya kA bIr3A aura lagabhaga eka varSa ke kaThora parizramapUrvaka kRti ko prastuta rUpa pradAna kiyaa| isameM saMkalita paribhASAeM anupama haiN| dhIra kI paribhASA karate hue AcArya vasunandi ne likhA hai ki eyAiNo avihalA vasaMtigirikaMdaresu sppurisaa| dhIrA adINamaNasA ramamANA viirvynnmmi|| 789 // jo ekAkI rahate haiM, vikalatArahita haiM, girikandarAoM meM nivAsa karate haiM, satpuruSa haiM, dInatArahita haiM, vIra bhagavAna ke vacanoM meM ramate hue ve dhIra kahalAte __ kRti kI pANDulipi taiyAra karane meM DaoN. azoka kumAra jaina, rIDara- jaina bauddha darzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| jaina sAdhuoM, zodhArthiyoM, vidvAnoM evaM samAja ke svAdhyAyI bandhuoM ke lie yaha pustaka atyanta upayogI evaM sArthaka hai| kRti kA prakAzana anupama hai| -DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina, burahAnapura

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 kRti kA nAma zrAvakAcAra saMhitA, lekhaka vidyAratna DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina, sanAvada (ma.pra.) prakAzaka evaM prApti sthAna- zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad, mahAmaMtrI kAryAlaya ela 65, nyU iMdirAnagara, burahAnapura (ma.pra.), pR. 190, mUlya 100rU0 1 - samIkSya kRti meM prasiddha lekhaka tathA patrakAra vidyAratna DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina ne AcAra, vicAra evaM vyavahAra ko AdhAra banAkara jainadharma meM varNita zrAvakoM kI niyamAnusAra zAstra sammata caryA kA sarala, subodha aura bodhagamya bhASA meM vibhinna uddharaNoM ke sAtha vistRta varNana kara prastuta kiyA hai| dharma ke zAzvata svarUpa se AraMbha hokara 42 upazIrSakoM meM vibhakta viSaya sAmagrI meM jaina dharma ke tIna ratna samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI mahatI AvazyakatA batAte hue suyogya lekhaka ne batAyA hai ki deva, zAstra, guru para samyak zraddhAna kie binA koI bhI dhArmika kArya saphalIbhUta nahIM ho sktaa| sacce deva ko vItarAga, sarvajJa aura Agama kA Iza batAkara deva, adeva, kudeva aura devAdhideva se paricita karAkara sacce deva kI pUjA-arcanA kI preraNA, jinavANI ko sacce zAstra tathA parigraha rahita digambara muniyoM ko saccA guru mAnane kI bhAvanA ko paripakva banAte hue lekhaka ne ahiMsA kA mArga grahaNa kara aNuvratoM ko mAnasika, zArIrika vikAroM ko dUra karane kA Avazyaka sAdha na btaayaa| zarAba, tana, mana aura dhana ko kharAba karatI hai, asamaya mauta zarAba ke kAraNa hotI hai, citta aura pitta vikAra zarAba kI dena hai, mAMsAhAra kisI bhI dRSTi se sevana yogya nahIM, cAritra dhAraNa karane ke lie sapta vyasana tyAga, rAtri bhojana ke duSpariNAmoM ke sAtha dina meM bhojana kI preraNA, sacce deva kI zraddhA ke sAtha darzana, vaMdana, namana-pUjana, aSTa dravyoM se hI pUjA, guru upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa, dAna, digambara muni kA AhAracaryA meM lekhaka ne jora dekara batAyA hai ki zrAvakoM ko AhAradAna meM nagada dhanarAzi na dekara svayaM upasthita hokara apane karakamaloM se zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha muniyoM aura sAdhuoM ko AhAra denA caahie| yaha AhAra 46 doSoM se rahita tathA sAta guNoM se sahita honA caahie| dAna kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki gRhastha kI pratiSThA dAna se hI hotI hai / sukhI hone ke lie maitrI, pramoda, karUNA aura madhyastha bhAvoM kI upayogitA, asidhArAvrata kA mahatva, mahIne ke cAra parva, aSTAnhikA, paMca kalyANaka mahotsava, dAna dharma pravarttaka, vIrazAsana jayaMtI, dIpAvalI jaise pramukha parvo kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura aMta meM batAyA hai ki 84

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 zrAvaka dharma kI samyaka vivecanA kA pramukha uddezya yaha batAnA hai ki mAnava kA AcAra, vicAra aura vyavahAra dharmasammata bane kyoMki dharma hI zAnti pradAtA jainadharma meM vibhinna AcAryoM ke zrAvakAcAra milate haiM jinameM zrAvaka dharma kI vizada vyAkhyA zAstrIya bhASA meM nibaddha hai| Aja pAzcAtya bhogavAdI saMskRti se prabhAvita vyaktiyoM kA AcaraNa dharma se dUra hotA jA rahA hai| vyakti dharma ko vijJAna kI kasauTI para kasanA cAhatA hai, zraddhA guNa logoM ke jIvana se dUra hotA jA rahA hai| aisI sthiti meM eka aisI pustaka kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kI jA rahI thI jo zrAvakoM ke SaTkarmoM se logoM ko jana sAmAnya kI bhASA meM zAstrokta uddharaNoM ko dekara sarala DhaMga se samajhA ske| suyogya lekhaka, saMpAdaka tathA vidvAn DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina ne yaha pustaka likhakara eka mahAn kArya kiyA hai| isa pustaka meM vibhinna graMthoM ke ullikhita viSaya saMdarbhita saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke 217 zloka, hindI ke 61 padyAMza, 2 bhajana, 12 nItizloka ke sAtha aneka zAstrokta paribhASAoM ke sAtha bhAratIya tathA videzI vidvAnoM, zodha kartAoM aura cikitsakoM ke vibhinna vicAroM ko praMsagAnurUpa prastuta kara viSaya ko upayogI tathA rucikara banAne meM lekhaka ne paryApta dhyAna diyA hai| lekhaka jaina dharma ke prati samarpita vidvAn haiM ataH unhoMne yaha pUrA pUrA dhyAna rakhA hai ki koI bAta aisI na dikhAI de jo jaina dharma ke viparIta ho| zrAvakagaNa yadi isa pustaka kA svAdhyAya kara jIvana meM thoDA sA bhI parivartana dharma ke anurUpa kara sakeM to lekhaka kA prayAsa saphala rhegaa| niHsandeha lekhaka kA prayAsa atyanta saphala, sArthaka tathA yugIna paristhitiyoM ke anukUla hai| zrI akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvatpariSad ne isa kRti kA prakAzana kara zrAvakoM ke prati apane dAyitvabodha kA samyak nirvAha kiyA hai| eka bAra punaH kRtikAra ko sundara tathA suyogya lekhana ke lie bdhaaii| -paM. komalacanda jaina TIkamagar3ha (ma.pra)

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86 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 jaina vidyAoM ke vikAsa meM AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra kA yogadAna -DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina vartamAna yuga meM jainavidhAoM kA vikAsa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI divyadhvani se prAraMbha hotA hai aura gautama gaNadhara se lekara adyAvadhi taka jo kucha zruta paraMparA kiMvA guruparaMparA se prApta huA hai, vaha saba jainavidyAoM ke vikAsa kA eka vistRta dastAveja hai| ise hamAre AcAryoM ne do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama bhAga vaha hai jisakA sIdhA saMbandha vIraprabhu kI oMkAra rUpa divyadhvani se hai| ise gautama gaNadhara ne graMthoM kA rUpa diyA aura ise hI hama dvAdazAMga vANI ke nAma se jAnate haiM tathA yahI dvAdazAMgavANI adyAvadhi hamArA mArgadarzana kara rahI hai| yahI sAhitya jainavidhAoM kA mUla hai| isake AdhAra para jo kucha bhI kahA gayA athavA likhA gayA vaha saba dvitIya bhAga ke antargata AtA hai, jise aMgabAhya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi zruta-paraMparA ke mAdhyama se pravahamAna sAhitya deza-kAla kI viparIta paristhitiyoM evaM uttarottara buddhi kI mandatA ke kAraNa hvAsa ko prApta huA hai, phira bhI jo kucha zeSa hai vaha vartamAna pariveza meM kama nahIM hai, kyoMki sUtra rUpa meM likhita aMga sAhitya ko AdhAra banAkara jo bhI likhA gayA hai athavA usakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai vaha vizAla hai| isa sAhitya ko zruta paramparA ke AdhAra para pallavita evaM puSpita karane meM AcArya puSpadaMta-bhUtabali, AcArya kundakunda AcArya guNadhara, AcArya samantabhadra, AcArya zivakoTi, AcArya kIrtikeya svAmI, AcArya yativRSabha, AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya akalaMkadeva, AcArya vidyAnaMda, AcArya vIrasena svAmI, AcArya nemicandra siddhAMta cakravartI, AcArya vasunandI, AcArya amitagati, AcArya prabhAcandra, AcArya amRtacandrasUri, AcArya jayasena, aura AcArya jinasena Adi zatAdhika AcAryoM ne mahatI bhUmikA nibhAI hai| vartamAna kAla meM jainavidhAoM ke vikAsa hetu unake lekhana, saMpAdana, samIkSaNa, anuvAda evaM zodha-khoja ke mAdhyama se paM. nAthUrAma premI ne jo krama prAraMbha kiyA use gati evaM sthAyitva pradAna karane meM svanAmadhanya paM. julalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba kA nAma sarvopari paM. mukhtAra sAhaba kA janma kAnUnagoyAna vaMza meM magasira zuklA ekAdazI, vikrama saMvat 1834 (tadanusAra san1877) meM sahAranapura (u.pra.) ke samIpavartI kasbA sarasAvA meM huA thA aura 22 disambara san 1968 meM 92 varSa kI Ayu meM unakA eTA (u.pra.) meM svargavAsa ho gyaa| ApakI mAtAjI kA nAma zrImatI bhUdevI evaM pitAjI kA nAma caudharI natthUmala thaa| prAcya vidhAoM ke gahana adhyetA, mahAmanasvI paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra eka saphala saMpAdaka, samAlocaka, anuvAdaka, bhASyakAra, nibandhakAra aura sahRdaya kavi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiN| unhoMne bIsavIM zatI ke pahale dazaka se sAtaveM dazaka taka ke lagabhaga sattara varSo meM jo sAhitya sAdhanA kI hai, vaha advitIya hai| unhoMne apanI lekhanI ke dvArA jahA~

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 87 aneka graMthoM kA saMpAdana kiyA hai, vahIM vistRta bhUmikAoM athavA prastAvanAoM ke mAdhyama se graMtha aura graMthakAra para paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| sAtha yahI graMtha ke prAraMbha, madhya athavA anta meM ullikhita prAcIna AcAryoM, kaviyoM, zAsakoM yA unake uddharaNoM athavA dUsare graMthoM yA zilAlekhoM meM prApta tathyoM yA siddhAMtoM ke AdhAra para AcAryoM ke kAla nirdhAraNa meM jo sayuktika mApadaNDoM ko prastuta kiyA hai, vaha unake agAdha pANDitya, cintana-manana evaM zodha khoja kA nidarzana hai| zrI mukhtAra sAhaba dvArA likhita, saMpAdita evaM anUdita kRtiyoM kI saMkhyA lagabhaga tIna darzana se adhika haiN| ye kRtiyAM vividhi viSayoM se paripUrNa haiN| hama unake kRtitva ko sAta bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM- 1.bhASya graMtha 2.parIkSA graMtha, 3.aitihAsika nibandha , 4.prastAvanA, 5.saMskRta hindI kavitAe~, 6.patra-patrikAoM kA saMpAdana evaM 7.sphuTa saahity| 1.bhASya grantha : paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba AcArya samantabhadra ke ananya bhakta the| isaliye unhoMne AcArya samantabhadra ke dvArA likhita graMthoM para vistRta hindI bhASya likhe haiM aura unake graMthoM ke marma ko jisa zraddhA aura bhakti ke sAtha udghATita kiyA hai, vaha bejor3a hai| samantabhadrIya graMthoM kA bhASya likhate samaya zrI mukhtAra sAhaba ne korA pANDitya pradarzana nahIM kiyA hai, apitu unake prati zraddhA aura bhakti ko bhI prakaTa kiyA hai, jisase AcArya samantabhadra ke prati unakA vizeSa anurAga pratIta hotA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke jina graMthoM para paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba ne bhASya likhe haiM, unameM samIcIna dharmazAstra (ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra), svayambhUstotra, yuktyanuzAsana aura AptamImAMsA aparanAma devAgama stotra pramukha haiN| unake dvArA hindI meM likhe gaye ye bhASya mUla ke anukUla to haiM hI, sAtha hI mUla zloka athavA kArikA ke marma ko prakaTa karane vAle haiM, mukhtAra sAhaba ne sarvaprathama zloka kA artha likhA hai| isa artha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM moTe TAipa meM to zabdArtha diyA hai| sAtha hI usa artha kI saMgati baiThAne ke lie choTe TAipa haiN| pratyeka zabda kA vizeSa abhiprAya prakaTa kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, AvazyakatAnusAra madhya-madhya meM koSThakoM ke mAdhyama se zabda ke nihitArtha ko samajhAne kA bharasaka prayAsa kiyA hai| tadanantara usa zloka yA kArikA kA pUrvApara saMbandha sthApita karate huye bhASya likhA hai| isa bhASya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yadi koI paribhASika zabda pahale kisI anya artha meM prayukta thA aura bAda meM deza-kAla ke kAraNa usakA artha vikRta ho gayA hai to mukhtAra sAhaba ne artha karate samaya/bhASya likhate samaya usa deza aura usa kAla ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vAstavika mantavya prakaTa kiyA hai, jisase tatkAlIna artha kA yahI dyotana hotA hai| isa artha kI puSTi ke liye unhoMne anya graMthoM athavA samakAlIna AcAryoM ke graMtha saMdarbha prastuta kara apanI bAta ko prAmANika rUpa meM spaSTa kiyA hai| yaha sthiti kevala AcArya samantabhadra ke graMthoM para likhe gaye bhASyoM kI hI nahIM hai, apitu paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra jI ne anya jina-jina AcAryoM ke graMthoM para bhASya likhe haiM, unameM bhI isI paddhati ko apanAyA hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 AcArya samantabhadrakRta stutividyA kA hindI anavAda yadyapi paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya ne kiyA hai, kintu isakI vistRta prastAvanA meM unhoMne graMtha ke nAma Adi se lekara graMtha aura graMthakAra para to vicAra kiyA hI hai, sAtha hI unake TIkAkAra Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| graMthagata viSayavastu kA vivecana aura unakI yuktiyoM kA anya zAstroM ke AdhAra para tArkika dRSTi se puSTa karanA paM. mukhtAra sAhaba jaise jinavANI ke gahana adhyetA dvArA hI saMbhava thaa| jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra bhagavAn vItarAga hai| unakI stuti athavA nindA karane se ve na to prasanna hote haiM aura na hI naaraaj| isI prakAra ve sRSTi se kartA bhI nahIM hai, jabaki anya aneka bhAratIya darzana Izvara ko sRSTikartA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| inhIM anya darzanoM se saMgati baiThAne kI dRSTi se evaM vItarAgadeva kI stuti-pUjA Adi karane ke aucitya ko nirdhArita karate huye paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra jI stutividyA kI prastAvanA (pRSTha 17) meM likhate haiM "jaba bhale prakAra saMpanna huye stuti-vandanAdi kArya iSTaphala ko dene vAle haiM taba vItarAgadeva meM kartRtva viSaya kA Aropa sarvathA asaMgata tathA vyartha nahIM hai, balki Upara ke nirdezAnusAra saMgata aura sugaThita hai- ve svecchA-buddhi-prayatnAdi kI dRSTi se karttA na hote huye bhI nimittAdi kI dRSTi se karttA jarUra haiM aura isaliye unake viSaya meM akarttApana kA sarvathA ekAnta pakSa ghaTita nahIM hotA; taba unase tadviSayaka athavA aisI prArthanAoM kA kiyA jAnA bhI asaMgata nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, jo unake saMparka tathA zaraNa meM Ane se svayaM saphala ho jAtI hai athavA upAsanA evaM bhakti ke dvArA sahaja sAdhya hotI hai|" parIkSA grantha: paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra apane paramArAdhya samantabhadra svAmI ke kevala bhakta hI nahIM the, apitu unake pathAnugAmI bhI the| jaise AcArya samantabhadra ne apanI AptamImAMsA meM Apta kiMvA sacce deva kI parIkSA kI hai, ThIka usI prakAra mukhtAra sAhaba ne prAcIna evaM pUjya AcAryoM ke nAma se apanI svArtha pUrti ke liye likhe gaye prAcIna graMthoM/ jinavANI kA parIkSaNa kiyA hai aura eka navIna krAnti kA sUtrapAta kiyA hai| aneka zatAbdiyoM se jina graMthoM ko pUrvAcAryoM kI kRti mAnA jA rahA thA, unakA samyak parIkSaNa karake unheM tathAkathita bhaTTArakoM kI kRtiyA~ siddha kiyA hai| AptamImAMsA evaM AptamImAMsA kI tarja para graMtha parIkSA ke kAraNa prAraMbha meM mukhtAra sAhaba ko vidvAnoM kA kopabhAjana bananA par3A, kintu bAda meM unake akATya tarkoM ko vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kiyaa| phalasvarUpa saccI jinavANI se jaina vidvAnoM kA paricaya huaa| aise vivAdita aneka graMthoM kA parIkSaNa karake mukhtAra sAhaba ne unheM graMtha parIkSA ke nAma se cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| prathama bhAga meM AcArya umAsvAmI ke nAma se pracalita zrAvakAcAra, AcArya kundakunda ke zrAvakAcAra aura AcArya jinasena ke trivarNAcAra kI parIkSA karake unheM paraMparA-viruddha evaM jhUThA siddha kiyA hai| dvitIya bhAga meM mukhtAra sAhaba ne atyanta pratiSThita evaM paJcama zrutakevalI AcArya bhadrabAhu svAmI ke nAma se paravartI kAla meM likhita graMtha bhadrabAhu saMhitA kA antaraMga parIkSaNa

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 karake use kisI paravartI vidvAna kI kRti siddha kiyA hai| isakI puSTi meM unhoMne aneka puSTa evaM prAmANika tarka prastuta kiye haiN| tRtIya bhAga meM mukhtAra sAhaba ne somasena ke trivarNAcAra, dharmaparIkSA (zvetAmbarI), akalaMka pratiSThA pATha aura pUjyapAda upAsakAcAra kA parIkSaNa karake unheM tat-tad AcAryoM kI kRti na hone kI puSTi kI hai| isI prakAra caturtha bhAga meM unhoMne zithilAcAra kA poSaNa karane vAle graMtha sUryaprakAza kI samIkSA kI hai aura spaSTa kiyA hai ki samAja ko isa prakAra se nakalI sAhitya se bacanA caahiye| vastuta: uparyukta graMthoM kI parIkSA karake mukhtAra sAhaba ne samAja kA sthitikaraNa kiyA hai| aitihAsika nibandha: AcArya jagulakizora mukhtAra sAhaba ne zatAdhika aitihAsika evaM zodha-khojapUrNa nibandhoM kA lekhana kara jahA~ zodhArthiyoM ko eka navIna dizA dI hai, vahIM unhoMne jaina samAja meM pracalita vibhinna dhAraNAoM athavA kurItiyoM kA zAstra-sammata vizleSaNa karake unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| ye lekha bIsavIM zatI ke prathama chaha-sAta dazakoM kI dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanaitika gatividhiyoM ke sAkSI haiN| yuga ko pahicAnakara yuga ke sAtha calanA aura sarvasamAja ko dizA-nirdeza denA yugapuruSa kI vizeSatA hotI hai aura yaha vizeSatA paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba meM thii| ataH ve sacce arthoM meM yugapuruSa kiMvA yugavIra the| paM. jugalakizora sAhaba ke ye lekha samaya-samaya para tatkAlIna vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita huye the, jo bAda meM saMkalita kara yugavIra nibandhAvalI ke prathama evaM dvitIya khaNDa meM prakAzita huye haiN| prathama khaNDa meM ikatAlIsa lekha haiM, jo vividha viSayoM se saMbandhita haiN| dvitIya khaNDa meM paiMsaTha lekha haiN| dvitIya khaNDa ke lekha uttarAtmaka, samAlocAnAtmaka, smRti paricayAtmaka, vinoda zikSAtmaka evaM prakIrNaka ke nAma se pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| uttarAtmaka lekha ve haiM, jo mukhtAra sAhaba ke lekhoM para TippaNI karane para unhoMne uttara svarUpa likhe ye tatha apane pUrvalekhoM meM prakaTa abhiprAyoM kI zAstrAnusAra puSTi karate haiN| isI prakAra anya bhAgoM meM bhI vistRta lekha likhe haiN| vinoda-zikSAtmaka lekha to bar3e majedAra haiN| ye lekha jahA~ pAThakoM kA manovinoda karate haiM, vahIM jainadarzana ke gUDha rahasyoM kA udghATana bhI karate haiN| yugavIra nibandhAvalI ke do bhAgoM meM prakAzita aneka lekha svataMtra TrekTa ke rUpa meM bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inhIM meM se eka TrekTa kA nAma hai-'anekAnta rasa lhrii'| isameM makhtAra sAhaba ke cAra lekhoM kA saMgraha hai| ye lekha bAlopayogI to haiM hI, sAtha hI una logoM ke liye bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM jo anekAntavAda ko chalavAda yA ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| paM. mukhtAra sAhaba ne isameM vividha udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se anekAntavAda siddhAnta ko

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90 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| vastutaH koI lAina na choTI hotI hai aura na bar3I, apitu sApekSadRSTi se vicAra karane para hI lAina choTI athavA bar3I hotI hai| 'hI' aura 'bhI'- ina do padoM ke mAdhyama se mukhtAra sAhaba ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki 'bhI' pada anekAntavAda kA dyotaka hai, jabaki 'hI' pada hamArI ekAntavAditA yA haThavAditA kA pratIka hai| isI laghukRti meM mukhtAra sAhaba ne dAnI kI paribhASA kA anekAntavAda ke pariprekSya meM aisA sodAharaNa vivecana kiyA hai ki jasase jana sAmAnya kI A~kheM khula jAtI haiM aura yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mAna-bar3hAI ke kAraNa diyA gayA bar3e se bar3A dAna bhI ahiMsA aura paropakAra kI bhAvanA se diye gaye choTe se choTe dAna ke sAmane tuccha hai| isa laghuvRtti ke mAdhyama se mukhtAra sAhaba ne anekAnta ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| choTe baccoM athavA jainadarzana ke anekAnta siddhAnta se anabhijJa logoM ke liye yaha eka uttama pustaka hai| isakA punaH prakAzana karAkara sarvasAdhAraNa meM vitaraNa karanA upayogI rhegaa| isI krama meM mukhtAra sAhaba kI eka anya kRti hai- 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' para likhe gaye battIsa lekhoM kA saMkalana hai| vastutaH ye lekha paM. nAthUrAma jI premI ke prasiddha itihAsa graMtha 'jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa' para vistRta prakAza DAlate haiN| jaisA ki isa graMtha ke nAma se spaSTa hai| isameM mukhtAra sAhaba ke 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya' tathA 'svAmI samantabhadra' jaise una zodhapUrNa AlekhoM kA bhI saMkalana hai, jo pRthak-pRthak svataMtra TrekTa ke rUpa meM bhI prakAzita hai| uparyukta ke atirikta paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra ne digambara jaina sAhitya ke prAkRta padyoM/ gAthAoM kA saMyojana/ saMkalpa aura saMpAdana karake 'purAtana jaina vAkyasUcI' ke nAma se jo saMgraha prakAzita kiyA hai, vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM vidvAnoM/zodhArthiyoM ko digambara jaina sAhitya ke prAkRta padyoM ko khojane meM madada milegii| isa graMtha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki paM. mukhtAra sAhaba ne isa graMtha ke prAraMbha meM 170 pRSThIya eka vistRta prastAvanA likhI hai, jisameM unhoMne 64 graMthoM aura unake lekhakoM para vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura kucha anuchue pahaluoM ko apanI lekhanI kA viSaya banAyA hai| isameM aneka vivAdita praznoM kA sarvamAnya samAdhAna Agama aura Agamottara sAhitya ke Aloka meM prastuta kiyA hai| yaha zodhapUrNa lekhana itanA prAmANika evaM tarkapUrNa hai ki Aja bhI vaha zodhArthiyoM ke liye prakAzastaMbha kA kArya karatA hai| tiloyapaNNattI aura yativRSabha (pRSTha 27 se 58 taka), gommaTasAra aura nemicandra (pRSTha 68 se 91 taka) evaM sanmatisUtra aura siddhakSetra (pRSTha 119 se 168 taka) nAmaka zIrSakoM ke antargata unhoMne lagabhaga eka sau pRSThoM meM una una AcAryoM aura unake graMthoM se saMbandhita pracura sAmagrI prastuta kI hai, jisase aneka bhrAMtiyoM kA nirAkaraNa huA hai| jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 1 meM saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha 171 aprakAzita graMthoM kI prazastiyoM kA maMgalAcaraNa sahita saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| tat-tad graMthoM kI saMkSipta jAnakArI hetu ina prazastiyoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai|

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 prastAvanAe~ : __graMthoM kI vistRta prastAvanAe~ likhanA tathA graMtha aura graMthakAra kA bAhya evaM Antarika parIkSaNa karanA mukhtAra sAhaba kA vyasana thaa| ve apanI zodha-khoja ke mAdhyama se nikale zodha-binduoM ko dRr3hatA se prastuta karate the| zodha-khoja se prApta sAmagrI kA kabhI bhI unhoMne apalApa nahIM kiyaa| bar3e se bar3e vidvAn ke dvArA likhita bAteM yadi zodha -khoja pUrNa tathyoM ke viparIta haiM to unhoMne unakA satarka purajora khaNDana kiyA hai| ve graMtha prastAvanAe~ likhane meM siddhahasta the| kyoMki graMtha, graMthakAra aura pUrvavartI tathA paravartI AcAryoM ke sAhitya ke Aloka meM graMthakAra kA kAla nirdhAraNa karanA mukhtAra sAhaba kI vizeSatA thI aura yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne eka hI nAma vAle ekAdhika AcAryoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA athaka parizrama kiyA hai| vistRta prastAvanAoM kA mUla kAraNa mukhtAra sAhaba kA gahana adhyayana hai| sAtha hI eka hI graMtha kA aneka bAra svAdhyAya karanA aura nitya navIna tathyoM kA udghATana karanA bhI anya kAraNa hai| mukhtAra sAhaba ne aneka graMthoM kI prastAvanAe~ likhI haiM, jinameM unhoMne graMtha aura graMthakAra ke atirikta anya graMthoM se mUla graMtha ke pratipAdya kA vizada vivecana karate huya tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai, jo graMtha meM prANa phUMka dete haiN| unake dvArA athaka parizrama se sthApita zodha niSkarSa Aja bhI mIla ke patthara ke samAna aDiga haiM aura mukhtAra sAhaba kI zodhapriyatA kA guNagAna karate haiN| ___ mukhtAra sAhaba ne jina graMthoM kI prastAvanAe~ likhI haiM, unameM unake dvArA anUdita evaM saMpAdita graMthoM- samIcIna dharmazAstra (ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra), svayambhUstotra, yuktyanuzAsana, prabhAcandrIya tattvArthasUtra, nAgasena kA tattvAnuzAsana, kalyANa kalpadruma, adhyAtma rahasya, samAdhi maraNotsAha dIpaka, yogasAra prAbhRta Adi graMthoM ke atirikta stutividyA, samAdhitaMtra aura pANDe rAjamallakRta adhyAtma kamalamArtaNDa Adi kI prastAvanAeM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| saMskRta-hindI kavitAe~: AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra ne yadyapi kisI saMskRta pAThazAlA meM adhyayana nahIM kiyA thA, kintu saMskRta-prAkRta aura apabhraMza Adi prAcIna bhASAoM para bhI unakA asAdha raNa adhikAra thaa| isIliye unhoMne jahA~ aneka saMskRta graMthoM ke Upara hindI bhASya likhakara apane saMskRtajJa hone kA paricaya diyA hai, vahIM saMskRta bhASA meM kavitA likhakara apanI dakSatA prakaTa kI hai| mukhtAra sAhaba dvArA saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA meM likhita kavitAoM kA saMkalana 'yugavIra bhAratI' ke nAma se prakAzita hai| isameM unakI kavitAoM kA saMkalana hai| upAsanA khaNDa meM 7, bhAvanA khaNDa meM 4, saMbodhana khaNDa meM 6, satpreraNA khaNDa meM 7, saMskRta vAg vilAsa khaNDa meM 10 evaM prakIrNa khaNDa meM 10- isa prakAra isamaM kula 44 kavitAeM haiN| ye kavitAeM san 1901 se san 1956 ke madhya mukhtAra sAhaba kI lekhanI se prasUta huI haiN| merI bhAvanA :

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 yadyapi mukhtAra sAhaba dvArA likhita sabhI saMskRta evaM hindI kavitAeM atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM samasAmayika haiM tathApi ina sabameM bhI unake dvArA hindI bhASA meM likhita 'merI bhAvanA' nAmaka kavitA atyanta mahattvapUrNa evaM sarvopari hai| mAtra gyAraha padyoM meM likhI gaI 'merI bhAvanA' nAmaka kavitA unakI eka kAlajayI racanA hai, jo sarvaprathama jaina hitaiSI ke san 1916 ke apraila-maI ke saMyuktAMka meM prakAzita huI thii| isake aneka dezI evaM videzI bhASAoM meM anuvAda ho cuke haiN| merI bhAvanA meM Agamika siddhAMtoM kA saMkSepa meM gaharA rahasya chupA huA hai| vartamAna meM prakAzita koI bhI aisA jinavANI saMgraha nahIM milegA jisameM mukhtAra jI dvArA racita merI bhAvanA ko sthAna na diyA gayA ho| yadyapi AcArya jugalakizora jI kRta merI bhAvanA zIrSaka ko AdhAra banAkara aneka vidvAnoM ne merI bhAvanA zIrSaka se hI aneka racanAeM likhI haiM, kintU jo Adara aura sneha zrI mukhtAra jI kRta merI bhAvanA ko milA hai, vaha samAna zIrSaka vAlI hI anya kisI racanA ko adyAvadhi nahIM mila sakA hai| 'merI bhAvanA' mukha se nikalate hI zrI mukhtAra kRta merI bhAvanA kA hI sarvaprathama smaraNa hotA hai| AbAla-vRddha se lekara mahilA samUha ke dvArA bhI dhArmika kAryakramoM meM, dainika jIvana meM merI bhAvanA kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| aba to sthiti yaha hai ki kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM gAMdhI jayaMtI ke avasara para Ayojita sarvadharma sammelana kI prArthanA meM 'merI bhAvanA' ko jaina prArthanA ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa lene vAle vyakti ko bhI anta samaya meM merI bhAvanA sunAI jAtI hai| aura to aura kisI bar3e rAjanetA kA svargavAsa hotA hai to usa avasara para bhI sarvadharma prArthanA meM jainoM kI ora se merI bhAvanA kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| zrI mukhtArajI kRta merI bhAvanA ke saMdarbha meM itanA kahanA hI paryApta hogA ki satasaiyA ke dohare, jyoM nAvika ke tiir| dekhana meM choTe lageM, ghAva karai gmbhiir|| sabhAoM evaM saMgoSThiyoM meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM merI bhAvanA ke kucha aMzoM kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki isameM prANimAtra ke sukhI hone kI kAmanA kI gaI hai| merI bhAvanA kI lokapriyatA kA jItA jAgatA udAharaNa yaha hai ki- DaoN. premacanda rAMvakA kI eka sUcanA ke anusAra rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ke dIkSAMta samAroha meM zrImad bhagavadgItA ke sAtha merI bhAvanA kA bhI vitaraNa dIkSArthiyoM ko kiyA gayA thaa| patra-patrikAoM kA saMpAdana : zrI mukhtAra sAhaba saMpAdana kalA meM atyanta dakSa the aura yahI kAraNa thA ki julAI san 1900 meM Apako mahAsabhA ke sAptAhika mukhapatra 'jaina gajaTa' kA saMpAdaka niyukta kiyA gayA thA aura 31 disambara san 1909 taka Apa isake saMpAdana kA dAyitva samhAle rhe| isa avadhi meM unhoMne atyanta kuzalatA ke sAtha jaina gajaTa kA saMpAdana kiyA thaa| akTUbara, san 1909 meM zrI mukhtAra sAhaba ko jaina hitaiSI kA saMpAdaka niyukta kiyA gayA aura do varSoM taka unhoMne isa dAyitva kA nirvahana kiyaa| punaH navambara, san 1929

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 'anekAnta' ke saMpAdana evaM prakAzana ke dAyitva ko samhAlA, jo unake vaiduSya kA nikaSa sphuTa sAhitya : uparyukta ke atirikta mukhtAra sAhaba ne sphuTa sAhitya kI bhI racanA kI hai, jinameM mahAvIra jinapUjA, bAhubalI jinapUjA, anitya bhAvanA kA hindI padyAnuvAda (bhAvArtha sahita), siddhi sopAna kA hindI anuvAda, vIra puSpAMjali, samantabhadra vicAra dIpikA, naye muni vidyAnaMda jI kI sUjhabujha, bAbU choTelAla jI kI ApattiyoM kA nirasana, jainAcAryoM kA zAsana bheda Adi pramukha haiN| isa prakAra paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba ne jinavANI ke mAdhyama se sAhitya evaM samAja kI sevA kI hai tathA jaina vidyAoM ke vikAsa meM mA~ jinavANI ke caraNoM meM apanA amUlya arghya samarpita kiyA hai| AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra ke uparyukta sAhityika avadAna kA mUlyAMkana karane hetu 30 akTUbara, 1998 se 1 navambara, san 1998 taka prAcArya DaoN. zItalacandra jaina jayapura ke nirdezana meM eka tridivasIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana deharA, tijArA (rAjasthAna) meM kiyA gayA thA, jisameM akhila bhAratIya stara ke lagabhaga pacAsa vidvAnoM ne unake vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ko rekhAMkita kiyA thaa| yaha saMgoSThI upAdhyAyaratna 108 zrI jJAnasAgara jI maharAja ke saMgha sAnnidhya meM huI thii| isa saMgoSThI meM AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba ke jIvana paricaya ke sAtha hI unake dvArA likhe gaye maulika graMthoM, bhASyoM, anuvAdoM, saMskRta-hindI kavitAoM aura vibhinna avasaroM para unake dvArA likhe gaye samasAmayika nibandhoM kI samIkSA kI gaI thii| isa saMgoSThI ke mAdhyama se vidvAnoM ko mukhtAra sAhaba ko unake svargavAsa ke lagabhaga tIna dazakoM bAda yAda kiyA thaa| isa saMgoSThI meM una logoM ne to sahabhAgitA nibhAI hI thI, jinhoMne mukhtAra sAhaba kA sAkSAt darzana kiyA thA, kintu usa saMgoSThI meM mare jaise bhI darjanoM vidvAna the, jinhoMne unakA kabhI darzana bhI nahIM kiyA thA aura mAtra unake bahucarcita sAhitya ko dekhakara hI unase prabhAvita the| usa saMgoSThI meM aneka yuvA vidvAna aura viduSiyA~ bhI upasthita thI, jinhoMne pahalI bAra mukhtAra sAhaba ke sAhitya kA AloDana-viloDana karake unake vyaktitva ko sahArA thA aura usa tapaHpUta vidvAn ko apane lekhoM ke mAdhyama se apanI vinamra zraddhAMjali arpita kI thii| Aja isa Alekha ke mAdhyama se maiM bhI parama zraddheya AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra sAhaba ke caraNoM meM apanI bhAvabhInI zraddhAMjali samarpita karatA huuN| -prophesara evaM adhyakSa, jaina-darzana vibhAga saMskRtavidyA dharmavijJAna saMkAya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI (uttarapradeza)

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94 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA (27 disa.2009) eka riporTa sarvodaya kI avadhAraNA kA mUla srota bhagavAna mahAvIra -pro. rAmajI siMha 27 disambara, 2009, AcArya zrI jugala kizora jI mukhtAra saMsthApaka vIra sevA maMdira zodha saMsthAna, naI dariyAgaMja dillI meM unakI puNya smRti meM samAyojita vyAkhyAnamAlA ke antargata 'bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha' viSaya para vistRta prakAza DAlate hue pramukha vaktA pro. rAmajI siMha, bhAgalapura ne AcArya zrI jugala kizora jI kI satata vAD.maya sAdha nA ko smaraNa karate hue kahA ki mukhtAra jI tana se bhale hI muni na rahe hoM, parantu sAhityasaparyA aura anusaMdhAna ke kSetra meM ve nirapekSa banakara sAdhanA karate rhe| unakA avadAna kisI tapaHpUtaM AcArya se kiMcita mAtra bhI kama na thaa| unakA yaha saMsthAna unakI jJAna-ArAdhanA kA zAzvata tIrtha hai aura unake avadAna ko rekhAMkita karane ke lie pRthaka anusaMdhAna tathA pracAra-prasAra kI AvazyakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha tathA pracAra-prasAra kI AvazyakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha kI carcA karate hue pro. siMha ne kahA ki sarvodaya kI avadhAraNA kA mUla srota bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA se hI bhAratIya saMskRti ko prApta huA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne sarvaprathama bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue kahA hai ki "sarvodayaM tIrtha midaM tvaiv"| upasthita vizAla jana samudAya aura prabuddhajanoM ko yaha tathya batalA kara unhoMne vismaya meM DAla diyA ki jaba unhoMne isa bAta ko jAnanA cAhA ki sarvodaya zabda kahA~ se AyA taba ve aneka upalabdha zabdakoSoM meM bhI sarvodaya zabda ko na pAkara hairAna raha ge| antataH AcArya samantabhadra kI stuti meM yaha zabda milA jisakA AdhAra ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha ke siddhAMta para pratiphalita huA hai| AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAnta se hI Arthika-sAmAjika-rAjanItika lokataMtra kI parikalpanA sArthaka ho sakatI hai| mAtra rAjanaitika lokataMtra jana-jIvana ke prati chalAvA ke atirikta kucha nhiiN| yadi bhArata meM vAstavika lokataMtra kI sthApanA karanI hai to samyak zraddhA samyakjJAna aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa se hI saMbhava hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaizvika stara para bhI anekAnta dRSTi aura ahiMsaka sad AcaraNa ke bala para sukha-zAMti ko

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anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 pApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| Aja vaijJAnika upalabdhiyoM para garva kiyA jAtA hai, kiyA bhI jAnA cAhie lekina yaha bhI dhyAna rakhA jAnA cAhie ki mAtra vaijJAnika bhautika upalabdhiyA~ vinAza kI ora le jAne vAlI haiM, yadi yahI upalabdhi adhyAtmaparaka ho jAya to nizcita rUpa se vizva meM ahiMsaka krAnti aura saihArda kA vAtAvaraNa bana jAegA / aitihAsika pariprekSya meM hue anaginata yuddha kA jikra karate hue pro. siMha ne kahA ki ye sabhI yuddha sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA ke kAraNa hue aura ina yuddhoM se mAnava jAti hI nahIM, saMpUrNa prANi jAti kA vinAza huA hai Aja hameM rAjanaitika, sAmAjika Arthika lokataMtrAtmaka sRjana bhUlaka vAtAvaraNa kI AvazyakatA bhArata hI nahIM, saMpUrNa vizva ko hai aura isakI pUrti kA ekamAtra sAdhana sarvodaya kI avadhAraNA aura sadAcaraNa se hI ho sakatI hai| ataH Aja hama sabhI ko mukhtAra sAhaba kI puNya smRti meM yaha saMkalpa lenA cAhie ki unakI 'merI bhAvanA ke anurUpa vicArasaraNi ke pracAra-prasAra meM saMlagna hoNge| - 95 pro. DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya zrI jugala kizora jI ke avadAna ko jaina vidyA ke jIvanta zAzvata dastAveja nirUpita karate hue kahA ki mukhtAra sAhaba prAcya vidhAoM ke gahana adhyetA, mahAmanasvI, saphala saMpAdaka, samAlocaka, anuvAdaka, bhASyakAra, nibandhakAra aura sahRdaya kavi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita mukhtAra sA0 ke lagabhaga sattara varSoM kI satata sAdhanA unheM kisI saMgha ke AcArya ke samatulya ho hai unakA agAdha pANDitya, ciMtana-manana evaM zodha-khoja kA nidarzana Adhunika vidvAnoM ke lie anukaraNIya aura jaina vidyA ko jIvanta banAe rakhane meM mIla kA patthara hai| vIra sevA maMdira unakI saMkalpa- sAdhanA kA ajasra srota hai hama AzA karate haiM ki hama sabhI kA yaha prayAsa hogA ki bhaviSya meM yaha dhArA nirantara banI rhii| vyAkhyAnamAlA kA vidhivat zubhAraMbha samAgata labdha pratiSTha vidvAnoM aura vIra sevA maMdira ke adhyakSa zrI subhASa jaina, mukhya vaktA pro. rAmajI siMha tathA vyAkhyAmAlA ke adhyakSa DaoN. zItalacanda jaina jayapura ke karakamaloM dvArA dvIpa prajjavalana se saMpanna huaa| samAgata vidvadadvaya kA svAgata abhinaMdana paraMparAgata rUpa se saMsthA adhyakSa zrI subhASa jaina, upAdhyakSa zrI bhAratabhUSaNa jaina, zrI surendra pAla jaina, mahAmaMtrI zrI vinoda kumAra jaina, maMtrI zrI yogeza jaina, koSAdhyakSa zrI virendra jaina, koSAdhyakSa zrI vIrendra jaina, zrI cakreza jaina, dharmabhUSaNa jaina, zrI

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96 anekAnta 63/1, janavarI-mArca 2010 dhanapAla jaina, zrI rUpacanda kaTAriyA, mahAmaMtrI zrI vinoda kumAra jaina evaM maMtrI zrI yogeza jaina ne kiyaa| vidvadvaya ke udbodhana ke pUrva mukhtAra jI kA paricaya zrI subhASa jaina, adhyakSa- vIra sevA maMdira ne diyaa| unhoMne vIra sevA maMdira kI sthApanA kAla se adyAvadhi paryanta kAryo kA lekhAjokhA prastuta karate hue kahA ki isa saMsthAna ko prArambha meM dariyAgaMja dillI, phirojAbAda tathA kalakatA ke prabuddha varga kA bharapUra sahayoga milA aura Aja bhI dillI ke prabuddha zreSTi varga kA sahayoga mila rahA hai| vidvAnoM kA bhI samayocita sahayoga milatA rahA hai| vizeSa rUpa se DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, paMDita paramAnanda zAstrI tathA paMDita padamacaMda zAstrI ke avadAna se saMsthAna upakRta hai| bhAvI gatividhiyoM kI jAnakArI mahAmaMtrI zrI vinoda kumAra jaina ne dete hue batAyA ki vartamAna meM graMthAgAra meM upalabdha mahattvapUrNa graMthoM, pAMDulipiyoM kA skena kArya cala rahA hai jise bebasAiTa ke mAdhyama se pracArita-prasArita karane kI yojanA hai| vyAkhyAnamAlA meM sahabhAgitA karane Aye samAgata vidvAnoM- sarvazrI DaoN. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina baDauta, DaoN. kapUra caMda jaina khataulI, DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina gAjiyAbAda, DaoN vijaya kumAra jhaoN zrImahAvIra jI, zrI jagadIza prasAda jaina mujaphphanagara, dillI ke pro. ema. ela. jaina dariyAgaMja , DaoN. surezacaMda jaina, DaoN. vIra sAgara jaina dillI, DaoN. aruNA Ananda dillI, tathA kAryakAriNI ke sadasya gaNa va anya anya samAja ke upasthita pratiSThita vyaktiyoM ke prati AbhAra vyakta karate hue zrI yogeza jaina maMtrI ne AzA vyakta kI ki bhaviSya meM bhI saMsthAna kI gatividhiyoM ke prati isI taraha kA sakriya sahayoga prApta hotA rahegA / - vinoda kumAra jaina - yogeza jaina mahAmaMtrI maMtrI vIra sevA maMdira, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2

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Year-63, Volume-2 April - June 2010 RNI No. 10591/62 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002.06 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002.06

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anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jalnology & Prakrit Languages) Founder saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhatAra 'yugavIra' Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro, ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka-rupaye 20/- vArSika - ru. 80/This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly - Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAna lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|

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adhyAtma pada cinmUrata dRgadhArI kI cintamUrata dRgadhArI kI mohi, rIti lagati hai attaapttii|| bAhira nAraki-kRta duHkha bhoge, antara sukharasa gttaagttii| ramati aneka surani saMga pai tisa pariNatiteM nita httaahttii|| jJAna virAga zaktiteM vidhiphala bhogata pai vidhi ghttaaghttii| sadana nivAsI tadapi udAsI, tAteM Asrava chttaachttii| nAraka pazu triya SaMDha vikalatraya, prakRtinakI hai kttaakttii|| saMyama dhari na sake pai saMyama dhArana kI ura cttaapttii| tAsa suyaza guna kI 'daulata' ke lagI rahai nita rttaarttii|| - kavivara daulatarAma jI

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3. adhyAtma pada viSayAnukramaNikA sampAdakIya 1. bharateza vaibhava kI aprAmANikatA 2. jaina darzana meM aparigrahaH 4. viSaya viSayAnukramaNikA 6. 7. 8. eka anuzIlana jaina darzana meM pudgala dravya zAnti - krAnti kI mairAthana daur3a meM zramacaryA 5. licchavi gaNarAjya kI vibhUti kAlalabdhi jaina darzana nAstika nahIM AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya - 10. JAINS IN KERALA 11. Corpus Cundacundae 12. BOOK REVIEW - - 13. mUla jaina saMskRti: aparigraha eka samIkSA 14. sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu - lekhaka kA nAma daulatarAma jI DaoN. jayakumAra jaina DaoN. zItalacanda jaina bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vizva ko divyAvadAna DaoN. narendra kumAra pANDeya kumAra ziva zaMkara - DaoN. sureza canda jaina - DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala - 9. jaina nyAya evaM darzana: eka adhyayana - mUlacanda luhAr3iyA - DaoN. zivakumAra zarmA meM dharma -nirmalA jaina -DaoN. jyotibAbU jaina - Prof. Prakash C. Jain - By Prof. Natalia Confluence of opposites - Prof. M. L. Jain -DaoN. kamelaza kumAra jaina bAbUlAla jaina pU. saMkhyA 3 4 5 6-11 12-14 15-18 19-22 23-43 44-53 54-61 62-65 66-78 79-85 86-88 89-90 91-94 95-96

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saMpAdakIya jaina dharma kI pratiSThA vAtsalyanidhi tapopUta paramapUjya munirAjoM, nispRha zrutArAdha ka vidvAnoM aura udAra sadgRhasthoM para Azrita hai| bhAratavarSa ke dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM naitika jIvana meM inakA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai aura rahegA aba saMpUrNa bhUmaNDala kI yaha Ama dhAraNA banatI jA rahI hai ki apane udAtta guNoM ke kAraNa bhAratavarSa zIghra hI sampUrNa jagat kA netRtva kregaa| yaha yathArtha hai ki bhAratavarSa na to katipaya tathAkathita vikasita dezoM se bar3hakara aNubama yA mAnava ko mRtyumukha meM dhakelane vAle anya mAraka zastrAstroM ke vistAra meM ruci rakhegA aura na hI laukika sukha sAdhanoM meM unase Age nikala skegaa| kintu hamAre RSi-muniyoM, vidvAna manISiyoM evaM udAra gRhasthoM ne jo jIvana jIne kI kalA hameM uttarAdhikAra ke rUpa meM pradAna kI hai, usase hama vizva kA naitika netRtva karane meM samartha ho skeNge| yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jaba hamAre RSi-muni, vidvAn manISI evaM sadgRhastha apane vAtsalyabhAva, nispRha caritra aura audArya ko na tyaageN| yaha bar3I hI du:khada sthiti hai ki vartamAna meM katipaya sAdhu-santa vAtsalya kA upadeza to khUba dete haiM, kintu unake AcaraNa meM vAtsalya kI kaNikA bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| abhI eka khyAtanAmA sAdhu ke darzana karane evaM unakA pravacana sunane kA avasara milaa| unhoMne jaina evaM jainetara samAja ko vyasanamukta hone kA upadeza diyA tathA pratyeka amaMgala evaM kaSTa se bacane ke lie apane nAma kI mAlA pherane kI bAta khii| para dekhane meM AyA ki anyatra eka sabhA meM unhoMne apane hI sAdharmI sAdhu para na kevala vyaMgya / kaTAkSa hI kiye apitu samAja kI dalagata rAjanIti kA lAbha uThAkara unakI sIdhI nindA bhI kii| nindArasa meM AkaNTha avagAhita hokara unake aneka satkAryoM meM bhI chidrAnveSaNa kiye| samAja ke kucha dizAhIna netRvarga ko bhar3akAkara apanA ullU sIdhA karane vAle sAdhu, vidvAnoM evaM gRhasthoM ko yaha samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai ki yaha khela AtmaghAtI hai| eka sArvajanika sabhA meM unhoMne apane guru kI jaya bolakara unakI carcA kA to makhaula ur3AyA hI, AcArya umAsvAmI dvArA viracita tattvArthasUtra ke upayogo lakSaNam' sUtra ko bhI unhoMne galata karAra diyaa| ve anya sAdhuoM ko AgamAnusArI caryAdhArI dekhanA cAhate haiM, parantu svayaM AgamAnusAra nahIM calanA cAhate haiM yazaskIrti nAmakarma ke udaya meM unheM yaha vismRta nahIM karanA cAhie"yatrobhayo samo doSo parihAropi vA samaH / naiko paryanuyoktavyaH tAdRgarthavicAraNe // " merA anurodha hai sAdhu parameSThiyoM se, ki ve pArasparika kaTAkSoM se samAja kA mAhaula na bigAr3eM, vidvAnoM se bhI anurodha hai ki ve yadvA tadvA sAdhuvikRta sAhitya kA saMpAdana na kareM tathA udAra gRhastha bhI zAstra jI ke nAma para Agamaviruddha sAhitya ko na chpaayeN| yadi samAja kA mAhaula nahI sudhArA jAyegA to bhAratavarSa vizva kA netRtva karegA yaha divAsvapna hI raha jaayegaa| jayakumAra jaina

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bharateza vaibhava kI aprAmANikatA DaoN. zItalacanda jaina 'bharateza vaibhava' kAvya grantha ratnAkara varNI dvArA racita hai| yaha graMtha bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad se sana 1998 meM dvitIya saMskaraNa ke rUpa meM prakAzita huaa| yahI saMskaraNa vartamAna meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa graMtha kA AdyopAnta adhyayana karane para isameM bahuta se aise prasaMga dekhane meM Aye jo bharata cakravartI ke caritracitraNa vAle mukhyatayA AcArya jinasena dvArA racita AdipurANa yA anya kisI bhI graMtha meM ullikhita nahIM hai| isa saMbandha meM kucha binduoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| 1. graMtha kI prastAvanA meM kahA gayA hai ki isa graMtha meM kavi ne karnATaka kavitAoM meM bharata cakravartI kA svataMtra jIvana caritra citrita kiyA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina zAsana meM jo Agama paraMparA hai, usake anusAra yaha graMtha nahIM likhA gyaa| AcAryoM ke dvArA jo bhI graMtha race jAte haiM; unake prAraMbha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jaisA tIrthakara prabhu ne athavA gaNadhara bhagavAna ne athavA vibhinna AcAryoM ne kathana kiyA hai, vaisA hI maiM kathana kara rahA hU~ parantu isameM aisA kucha bhI nahIM kahA hai ataH 'svataMtra jIvana caritra' hone se yaha graMtha kavi kI apanI kalpanA mAtra hai, ise hama Agama kI zreNI meM yA prathamAnuyoga ke rUpa se nahIM kara sakate haiN| 2. isake racayitA ratnAkara ko zrRMgAra kavi upAdhi prApta thii| isakI vidvattA ko dekhakara rAjakanyA mohita ho gaI, ratnAkara bhI usake moha pAza meM A gyaa| vaha usa para Asakta hokara zarIra ke vAyuoM ko vaza meM karake Ayu nirodha yoga ke bala se mahala meM adRzya pahu~cakara usa rAjaputrI ke sAtha prema karatA thaa| yaha bAta dhIre-dhIre rAjA ko mAlUma hone para rAjA ne use pakar3ane kA prayatna kiyaa| usa dina ratnAkara ne apane guru mahendrakIrti se paMcANuvrata ko lekara adhyAtma tattva meM apane Apa ko lagAnA prAraMbha kiyaa| uparyukta prakaraNa se spaSTa hai ki ratnAkara varNI zrRMgAra rasa ke kavi the aura unakA cAla-calana sahI nahIM thaa| aise vyakti kI racanA ko hama Agama kaise kaha sakate haiN| vItarAgI pUrvAcAryoM dvArA likhita zAstra hI jainAgama kahe jAte haiN| aise rAgI dveSI kavi kI racanA prAmANika nahIM ho sktii| - 3. prastAvanA meM kahA hai ki ratnAkara ne apane 'bharateza vaibhava' ko bhI hAthI ke Upara rakhakara julUsa nikAlane ke lie bhaTTAraka jI se prArthanA kii| taba bhaTTAraka jI ne kahA ki usameM do-tIna zAstraviruddha doSa haiN| isalie vaisA nahIM kara sakate haiN| taba ratnAkara ne

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 isa viSaya para unase Agraha kiyA evaM kucha anabana sA huA, to unhoMne sAta sau ghara ke zrAvakoM ko kar3I AjJA de dI ki isa ratnAkara ko kahIM bhI AhAra nahIM diyA jaay| taba ratnAkara apanI bahana ke ghara bhojana karate hue, jinadharma se rUsakara 'AtmajJAnI ko sabhI jAti, kula barAbara haiM, aisA samajhakara gale meM liMga bAMdhakara liMgAyata bana gayA aura vahA~ para 'vIra zaivapurANa, vasavapurANa, somezvara zataka' Adi kI racanA kii| pAThaka svayaM nirNaya kareM ki kyA aise vikRta caritra vyakti Agama kA racayitA ho sakatA hai ? jisa lekhaka kI jainadharma para zraddhA hI na ho, usakA likhA graMtha kabhI prAmANika nahIM ho sktaa| 4. prastAvanA ke dvitIya kathAnaka ke anusAra- eka bAra ratnAkara apane ko apamAnita samajhakara calA gyaa| jAte-jAte eka nadI ko pAra kara rahA thA, taba bhaktoM ne zapatha pUrvaka prArthanA kI to bhI 'mujhe aise duSToM kA saMsarga nahIM caahiye| maiM Aja hI isa jainadharma ko tilAMjali detA huuN|' yaha kahakara nadI meM DUba gayA aura eka parvata para calA gyaa| bAda meM rAjA ke Agraha para kAvya meM rasa dikhAne ke lie bharateza vaibhava kI racanA kii| isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnAkara ne jainadharma ko tilAMjali dekara mAtra rAjA ko prasanna karane ke lie apanI marjI ke anusAra isa graMtha kI racanA kI thii| ataH aisA graMtha kabhI prAmANika ho hI nahIM sktaa| 5. prastAvanA pR. 19 para kahA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA meM kavi ne anya kaviyoM kA anukaraNa nahIM kiyA hai| jo varNana use svayaM ko pasanda nahIM AyA thA, use aura DhaMga se jahA~ varNana karanA cAhatA thA, vahA~ use badalakara pAThakoM ko aruci utpanna nahIM ho isa DhaMga se varNana karatA hai| isa prakaraNa se spaSTa hai ki ratnAkara ne isa graMtha ko mAtra lokaprasiddhi ke lie racA thA, tathya prakAzana ke lie nhiiN| yahA~ taka racayitA kavi kI aprAmANikatA kA varNana kiyA gayA aba graMtha ke una prasaMgo kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai jo Agama sammata nahIM hai| 1. bhAga 1 pR. 141 para kahA hai ki bharateza kI rAniyoM kI saMkhyA 96 hajAra haiM jabaki abhI mahArAjA bharata cakravartI nahIM bane the| yaha prakaraNa bilkula Agama sammata nahIM hai| 2. bhAga 1 pR.17 para likhA hai ki mahArAjA bharata ne AtmapravAda nAma ke graMtha kI racanA kI thii| yaha prakaraNa kisI bhI purANa se mela nahIM khaataa| 3. bhAga 1, pR. 168 para likhA hai ki ve rAniyA~ bharateza ke dvArA nirmita adhyAtmasAra ko par3ha rahI haiN| arthAt isa graMtha kI racanA bhI mahArAjA bharata ne kI thii| yaha prakaraNa bhI bilkula galata hai| 4. bhAga 1, pR. 169 para likhA hai ki kabhI ve zuddhopayoga meM magana hote haiM to kabhI zuddhopayoga ke sAdhanabhUta zubhopayoga kA avalaMbana lete the| arthAt ratnAkara kavi ko bhI itanA bhI Agama jJAna nahIM thA ki kyA koI rAjA rAjya ko karate hue zuddhopayoga meM magna ho sakatA hai?

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 5. bhAga 1 pR. 171 para kahA hai ki bharateza ne sabase pahale maMdira meM zAsana devatAoM ko arghya pradAna kara zrI bhagavanta kA stotra va japa kiyaa| yaha kathana kisI bhI zAstra se mela nahIM khaataa| bharateza ke kAla meM zAsana devatAoM kI kalpanA hI nahIM thii| 6. bhAga 1 pR. 179 para likhA hai ki samrATa bharata ne jala, candana Adi aSTa dravyoM se apanI mAtA kI pUjA kii| yaha kathana ekadama Agama viruddha hai| 7. bhAga 1 pR. 250 para likhA hai ki cakravartI ke ratnoM kA upabhoga ve svataH hI kara sakate haiN| yaha bhI likhA hai ki kucha loga aisA varNana karate haiM ki bharatezvara ne jayakumAra, jo senApati ratna hai use bhejakara usake hAtha se vijayArddha ke vajrakumAra kA sphoTana kraayaa| parantu yaha ThIka nahIM hai| isa saMbandha meM jaba hama AdipurANa parva 31 zloka 122 ko dekhate haiM to usameM likhA hai 'azvaratna para baiThe hue senApati ne 'cakravartI kI jaya ho' isa prakAra kahakara daNDaratna se guphAdvAra kA tAr3ana kiyA, jisase bar3A bhArI zabda huaa|' isa AdipurANa ke kathana ko jo mahAna AcArya dvArA likhita hai, ratnAkara kavi ne galata batAyA hai| 8. bhAga 1 pR. 301 para likhA hai ki vyantaroM ne bharatezvara kI AjJA pAte hI zAsanoM ke rakSaka zAsaka devoM ko khUba ThokA, jisase unake saba dAMta TUTa gye| 9. bhAga 1 pR. 288 para likhA hai ki jaba jayakumAra ne Avartaka rAjA ko bharatezvara ke sAmane peza kiyA to samrATa ne apane pAdatrANa ko saMbhAlane vAle caparAsI se kahA ki tuma isameM lAta do aura caparAsI ne bAMye paira se lAta maarii| 10. bharata aura bAhubali ke madhya meM jo dRSTiyuddha, jalayuddha aura mallayuddha hue the, usakA isameM varNana hI nahIM hai| pR. 414 meM kahA hai ki bharateza ne bAhubali se kahA bhAI! aba apane mukha se maiMne kahA ki maiM hAra gayA aura tuma jIta gaye.....isa prakAra bharatezvara ne apanI hAra btaaii| yaha prakaraNa AdipurANa se bilkula mela nahIM khAtA hai| AdipurANa parva 36 meM likhA hai ki bharata aura bAhubali ke bIca dRSTiyuddha, jalayuddha aura mallayuddha hue aura tInoM meM bAhubali ne vijaya prApta kii| ratnAkara kavi ne pUrA bharateza vaibhava apanI icchAnusAra likhA hai ataH aprAmANika hai| 11. bhAga 1 pR.415 para likhA hai ki bharatezvara ne cakra ratna ko bulAkara kahA ki cakraratna jaao| tumhArI mujhe jarurata nahIM, tumhArA adhipati yaha bAhubali hai| jaba cakraratna Age nahIM gayA taba bharatezvara krodha se kahane lage are cakrapizAca! maiM apane bhAI ke pAsa jAne ke lie bolatA hU~ to bhI nahIM jAtA hai, isa prakAra kahate hue use dhakkA dekara Age sarakAyA, parantu vaha Age nahIM bddh'aa| isa prasaMga ke saMbandha meM AdipurANa parva 36 zloka,66 meM isa prakAra kahA hai 'smaraNa karate hI vaha cakraratna bharata ke samIpa AyA, bharata ne bAhubali para calAyA, parantu unake avadhya hone se vaha unakI pradakSiNA dekara tejarahita ho unhIM ke pAsa jA tthhraa| ataH ratnAkara kavi kA prasaMga bilkula Agama viruddha hai|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 12. bhAga 1 pR.141 para likhA hai ki bharatezvara kI 96 hajAra rAniyA~ haiN| parantu isake bAda bhI pR. 265 para 300 kanyAoM se, pR.271 para 320 kanyAoM se, pR.272 para 400 kanyAoM se tathA pR.330 para 2000 kanyAoM se zAdI kI carcA hai| isase dhvanita hotA hai ki bharatezvara kI 96 hajAra se bhI adhika bahuta sI rAniyA~ thIM jo Agama sammata nahIM hai| 13. bhAga 2, pR.4 para likhA hai ki bAhubali munirAja ke mana meM zalya thI ki yaha kSetra cakravartI kA hai| maiM isa kSetra meM anna-pAna grahaNa nahIM karU~gA, isa garva ke kAraNa se unako dhyAna kI siddhi nahIM ho rahI thii| jabaki AdipurANa parva 36 meM zlo. 186 meM spaSTa likhA hai ki bAhubali ke hRdaya meM yaha vicAra thA ki vaha bharatezvara mujhase saMkleza ko prApta huA hai| ina donoM prakaraNoM meM itanA antara kyoM ? ____14. bhAga 2, pR.30 para likhA hai ki jayakumAra aura sulocanA ke vivAha ke avasara para bharatezvara ke putra arkakIrti aura jayakumAra kA yuddha nahIM huaa| jabaki AdipurANa parva 44 meM arkakIrti aura jayakumAra ke bIca ghanaghora yuddha kA varNana hai| 15. bhAga 2, pR. 53 para likhA hai ki bharata kI mA~ yazasvatI ke nIhAra nahIM hotA thaa| jabaki tIrthakara kI mAtA ke nIhAra nahIM hotA hai, aisA Agama meM ullekha hai, cakravartI kI mA~ ko nIhAra nahIM hotA ho, aisA ucita nhiiN| 16. dIkSA ke samaya bharatezvara kI mA~ ko munirAjoM ne picchI aura AtmasAra nAmaka pustaka dilavAI, aisA varNana bhAga 2, pR.53 para hai| jabaki usa avasarpiNI ke tRtIya kAla meM graMtha hone kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM huaa| 17. bhAga 2, pR.83 para samrATa dvArA 72 jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa evaM unakI paMcakalyANaka pUjA ullekha hai| yaha prakaraNa bhI Agama sammata nahIM hai| tRtIya caturtha kAla meM paMcakalyANaka hone kA koI prasaMga prApta nahIM hotA aura na hI 72 jinAlayoM kA koI pramANa milatA hai| ___18. bhAga 2, pR.143 para aNu aura paramANu kI paribhASA galata dI gaI hai| sabase sUkSma pudgala ko paramANu kahA hai aura ananta paramANuoM ke milane se aNu banatA hai aisA kahA hai| yaha paribhASA Agama viruddha hai| 19. bhAga 2, pR.154 para likhA hai ki avipAka nirjarA muniyoM ke hI hotI hai, sabako nhiiN| yaha prakaraNa bhI Agama viruddha hai kyoMki avipAka nirjarA to cAroM gatiyoM ke jIvoM ke hotI hai| 20. bhAga 2, pR.155 para likhA hai ki 'koI-koI AtmA pahale ghAtiyA karmoM ko nAza karate haiM aura bAda meM aghAtiyA karmoM ko nAza karate haiN| aura koI ghAtiyA aura aghAtiyA karmoM ko eka sAtha nAza kara mukti ko jAte haiN| ___21. bhAga 2, pR.151 para prakaraNa diyA hai ki karma, AtmA va kAla ye tIna padArtha anAdi haiM aura usake hI nimitta se dharma, adharma va AkAza kAryakArI hue| isalie ve

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 Adi-vastu haiN| aisA bhI koI kahate haiN| yaha prakaraNa bhI bilkula Agamaviruddha hai, aisA koI ullekha kahIM nahIM miltaa| __22. bhAga 2 pR. 181 para bhagavAna AdinAtha ne 100 putroM se kahA- 'aba adhika upadeza kI jarurata nahIM hai| aba apane zarIra ke alaMkAroM kA tyAga kiijie| rAjaveSa ko chor3akara tApasI veSa dhAraNa kiijie| bAda meM dIkSA hone ke bAda bhagavAna AdinAtha ne 'AtmasiddhirevAstu' isa prakAra AzIrvAda bhI diyaa| yaha sArA varNana Agama sammata nahIM hai| tIrthakara kevalI isa prakAra AzIrvAda yA dIkSA nahIM dete haiN| ____23. bhAga 2 pR. 177 para likhA hai ki jinendra bhagavAna ke siMhAsana ke cAroM ora hajAroM kevalI virAjamAna the| yaha prakaraNa bhI Agama sammata nahIM hai| 24. bhAga 2 pR.214 para tIrthakara prabhu ke aMtima saMskAra ke samaya tIna kuNDoM ko tIna zarIra kI sUcanA dene vAlA batAyA hai| yaha prakaraNa bilkula galata hai| ___25. bhAga 2 pR.215 para bhagavAna AdinAtha ke mAgha vadI caturdazI kI nirvANa hone se zivarAtri ke pracalana kA saMbandha jor3A gayA hai| yaha prakaraNa Agama sammata nahIM hai| 26. bhAga 2 pR.217 para aSTApada kI kisa prakAra racanA kI gii| yaha prakaraNa likhA hai jo kisI bhI Agama se mela nahIM khaataa| 27. bhAga 2 pR.220 para bharatezvara kI kAlI mUMchoM kA varNana hai, jabaki Agama ke anusAra 63 zalAkA puruSoM ke dAr3hI-mUMcha nahIM hote haiN| 28. bhAga 2 pR.220 para bharatezvara ko mahAna kAmI aura bhogI batAyA hai| likhA hai 'jina striyoM para jarA bur3hApe kA asara huA, unako maMdira meM le jAkara AryikAoM se vrata dilAte the aura unake pAsa hI chor3akara navIna javAna striyoM se vivAha kara lete the| aise bhogI rAjA ko ratnAkara kavi ne bhAga 1 pR.169 para zuddhopayogI kaise kaha diyA, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| 29. bhAga 2 pR. 221 para likhA hai ki bharatezvara kI roja naI-naI zAdiyA~ hotI rahatI thii| likhA hai 'deza-deza se pratidina kanyAe~ AtI rahatI haiN| rAja bharatezvara kA vivAha cala rahA hai| isa prakAra ve nitya dUlhA hI bane rahate haiN| ___30. bhAga 2 pR.220 para likhA hai ki bharatezvara arkakIrti kumAra ko bulAkara bole, 'idhara Ao, isa rAjya ko tuma le lo, mujhe dIkSA ke lie bhejo|' arkakIrti ke AnAkAnI karane para unhoMne kahA- maiM ghara meM raha to sakatA hU~, parantu AyuSya karma to bilkula samIpa A pahuMcA hai| Aja hI ghAtiyA karmoM ko nAza karU~gA aura kala sUryodaya hote hI mukti prApta karane kA yoga hai| bharatezvara ne pahale dina dIkSA lI, zAma ko kevalajJAna huA aura agale dina mokSa prApta kiyaa| yaha prakaraNa bilkula galata hai| AdipurANa parva 47 ke anusAra kevalajJAna prApta hone ke bAda bhagavAna bharata ne samasta dezoM meM cirakAla taka vihAra kiyaa| (zloka 397-398) / ___31. isa graMtha meM guru haMsanAtha kI bahuta carcA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki ratnAkara varNI ke guru haMsanAtha nAma ke jainetara kavi hoNge|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 11 32. bhAga 2pR.237 para likhA hai 'jJAnAvaraNI kI 4 prakRtiyoM kA aMta pahale se ho cukA hai, aba bace hue dhUrtakarmoM ko bhI mAra giraauNgaa| taduparAMta dhyAna khaDga ke bala se pracalA va nidrA kA nAza kiyA, sAtha meM antarAya va darzanAvaraNa kI zeSa prakRtiyoM ko naSTa kiyaa| yaha prakaraNa bilkula Agama viruddha hai| 33. nigoda se nikalakara, manuSya paryAya dhAraNakara, mokSa prApta karane vAle mahArAjA bharata ke 923 putroM kI isameM koI carcA nahIM hai| uparyukta prasaMgoM ke AdhAra se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki isa graMtha ke racayitA prAmANika nahIM hai, unhoMne rAjA Adi ko prasanna karane ke lie apane mana ke anusAra kalpita kathA gar3hakara loka meM sammAna prApta karane ke lie isa graMtha kI racanA kI thii| isa graMtha kI racanA 16vIM zatAbdI meM huii| unake sAmane bharatezvara ke caritra kA nirupaNa karane vAle AcArya praNIta zAstra upalabdha the parantu unhoMne unakA AdhAra na lekara, loka ko raMjAyamAna karane vAlA yaha aprAmANika graMtha raca ddaalaa| unakI jainadharma para koI AsthA nahIM thI aura na unako saiddhAntika jJAna hI thaa| unakA jIvana kAmavAsanA se pUrita rhaa| bharatezvara ko kSAyika samyaktva thA ata: usako sAMsArika bhogoM meM Asakti kA abhAva thA, parantu ratnAkara kavi ne apanI pravRtti evaM vAsanA ke anusAra bharatezvara ko mahAna bhogI pradarzita kiyA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yaha graMtha kathAvastu tathA siddhAMta ke AdhAra se ekadama aprAmANika hai| ***** - adhiSThAtA zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna sAMgAnera jayapura (rAjasthAna) syAdvAda jaina darzana kA ajeya kilA hai ... saMkhyA buddhimAnI kI nizAnI hai zakkara mIThI hai yaha pAnI meM ghula mila jAtI hai to apanA astitva vyApaka banA detI hai| zakkara ke mila jAne para loga kahate hai 'jala mIThA hai' para vAstavika bAta to yaha hai ki zakkara kI miThAsa hai| jaina bhI anyoM meM ghula kara unameM cupacApa madhuratA bharate rahate hai| syAdvAda jaina arzana kA ajeya kilA hai| jisameM vAdI prativAdI ke mAyAmaya gole praviSTa nahI ho sakate - AcArya vinovAbhAve, jaina bhAratI varSa-15 aMka-16

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jaina darzana meM aparigrahaH eka anuzIlana DaoN. narendra kumAra pANDeya aparigraha kA artha hai viSayAsakti kA tyaag| saMsAra ke samasta viSayoM ke prati rAga tathA mamatA kA parityAga kara denA hI aparigraha hai| manuSya ke bandhana kA mUla kAraNa sAMsArika vastuoM se Asakti hI hai| ataH aparigraha arthAt sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati Asakti kA tyAga manuSya ke lie Avazyaka hai| yadi viSaya tyAga nahIM kiyA jAya to aparigraha kA pAlana asaMbhava hai| yaha vrata lAlaca na karane aura saMtoSa rakhane para Agraha karatA hai| aparigraha kA artha AvazyakatA se adhika bhautika vastu kA saMgraha na karane se bhI hai| viSayAsakta hone se hI vastuoM ke saMgraha kI pravRtti bar3hatI hai| isIlie aparigraha meM anAsakti kA bhAva prakaTa hotA hai| anekAneka vastuoM meM kSamatA ke kAraNa Asakti bar3hatI hai| isakA tyAga hI aparigraha hai| 'maiM' aura 'merA' kA bhAva parigraha kI ora prerita karatA hai| ataH isakA tyAga aparigraha hai| strI, puruSa, ghara, dhana-dhAnya Adi vastuoM ke prati mamatva rakhanA parigraha hai| jinake pAsa vipula sampatti hai ve avazya parigrahI hai parantu jinake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM hai, phira bhI citta meM bar3I-bar3I AkAMkSAeM lie rahate haiM, ve bhI aparigrahI nahIM hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai "muni na to saMgraha karatA hai, na karAtA hai aura na karane vAloM kA samarthana hI karatA hai| vaha para padArthoM se pUrNatayA anAsakta evaM akiMcana hotA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vaha apane zarIra se bhI mamatva nahIM rakhatA hai| saMyama nirvAha ke lie vaha jo kucha bhI alpa upakaraNa apane pAsa rakhatA hai usa para bhI usakA mamatva nahIM hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne bAra-bAra bala pUrvaka kahA hai ki nyAya kI kamAI se manuSya jIvana bhara nirvAha kara sakatA hai, kintu dhana kA bhaNDAra kara nahIM kara sktaa| aTUTa saMpatti to pApa kI kamAI se hI bharatI hai| nadiyAM jaba bharatI hai to varSA ke gande jala se hI bharatI hai| vAstava meM aparigraha eka apekSA se anAsakti hI hai| usa dRSTikoNa se dhana vaibhava ke apAra bhaNDAra hote hue bhI vyakti alpa parigrahI ho sakatA hai, yadi usake hRdaya meM usa vaibhava ke prati anAsakti kA bhAva ho|' jaina zAstroM meM sirpha bAhya padArthoM ko hI parigraha nahIM mAnA gayA hai apitu una bhAvanAoM aura icchAoM tathA Avega saMvegoM ko bhI parigraha meM hI parigaNita kiyA gayA hai, jinake kAraNa usakI dharma-sAdhanA, naitikatA meM aura naitika AcAra-vicAra vyavahAra meM tanika bhI vyavadhAna par3atA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se parigraha ke do bheda hai- aMtaraMga aura vaahy| antaraMga parigraha 14 hai aura sabhI, nItizAstra ke anusAra anaitika pratyaya hai| vAhya parigraha anaginata prakAra ke hai kintu AcAryoM ne usakA kSetra, vAstu, svarNa, dhana-dhAnya, dvipada,

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 catuSpada Adi aneka rUpoM meM varNana kiyA hai| gRhastha ke lie vAhya parigraha bandhana kAraka hote haiM, kyoMki Antarika icchA ke kAraNa vaha inakA saMgraha karatA hai| parantu zramaNa aMtaraMga parigraha kA pUrNa tyAgI hotA hai ata: usake Avazyaka upakaraNa bandhanakArI nahIM hote| kamalacandra sogANI kahate haiM "jisa prakAra zuddha bhAvoM ke abhAva meM zubha bhAva zramaNa jIvana meM camaka damaka utpanna karate haiM, usI prakAra bAhya upakaraNa bhii|"5 parigraha kI adhika lAlasA saMgraha-saMcaya kA avazyambhAvI pariNAma samAja meM IrSyA, dveSa, vigraha, varga saMgharSa kA pracAra-prasAra hai aura yaha sabhI pravRttiyAM anaitikatA kI jananI hai| parigraha kI lAlasA aura vastuoM kA saMgraha-saMcaya svayaM vyakti ko bhI anaitikatA kI ora prerita karatA hai aura aise vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatA hai ki samAja ke anya loga bhI anaitika AcaraNa kreN| gAMdhI jI ne parigraha parimANa ke lie 'TrasTIzipa' kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isakA abhiprAya hai vyakti parigraha to kare kintu usa para apanA svAmitva bhAva na rkhe| isake aMtargata vyakti apane ko anaitika kArya karane se dUra rakha sakatA hai| anaitikatA parigraha se hI panapatI hai| jaina AcAra zAstriyoM ke anasAra vyakti jaba taka sAMsArika vastuoM aura unase utpanna sukhoM kI ora udAsInatA kI bhAvanA nahIM lAeMge taba taka naitika jIvana kI zurUAta nahIM ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra aparigraha ke lie tyAga evaM nivRtti kI bhAvanA Avazyaka hai| vastutaH aparigraha dhana aura sampatti taka hI sImita nahI hai| ise jIvana ke prati dRSTikoNa ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| manuSya kA apane ghara parivAra tathA saMbandhi ta vastuoM ke prati itanA adhika moha bar3ha jAtA hai ki una sabako apanI saMpatti samajha baiThatA hai| jaina ciMtana meM tapasvI ko aisA jIvana bitAnA cAhie ki vaha apane zarIra tathA mana ko bhI mokSa ke mArga kI bAdhA smjhe| zrAvaka ke lie aparigraha kA artha hai- AvazyakatA se adhika kA saMgraha karane kI cAha na rkhnaa| zrAvaka ko isa vrata ke pAlana meM jo chUTa dI gayI hai usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA kaThora pAlana samAja ke hita meM na hogaa| vyavasAya cAhe jo bhI ho, isa vrata ke pAlana kA artha hogA apane kartavya kA na kevala kuzalatA se, apitu ImAnadArI se bhI pAlana krnaa| udAharaNa ke lie vyApArI ke saMdarbha meM kuzalatA kA artha hogA vyApAra ke niyamoM kI jAnakArI tathA usakA sahI prayoga jisase Arthika sAdhanoM meM vRddhi hotI hai| vyApArI dvArA ImAnadArI baratane kA artha hogA apane dhandhe ko vyaktigata sukha evaM samAja kalyANa kA sAdhana smjhnaa| apane vyavasAya meM ucita athavA naitika tarIkoM ko apanAkara vyApArI mahattama lAbha uThAte hue samAja kI sevA kara sakatA hai| Aja ke bhautikavAdI yuga meM sarvathA aparigrahI honA gRhastha ke lie durlabha hai| bhautika padArthoM kI cakAcauMdha meM mAnava vividha padArthoM ko ekatrita karane meM AhlAda kA anubhava karatA hai| kintu tathya yaha hai ki vAhya vastuoM se sukha prApti kI AzA mRga-mArIcikA mAtra hai| saMgraha kI tRSNA dina dUnI evaM rAta caugunI bar3hatI jAtI hai phira bhI parigraha kI tRSNA zAMta nahIM hotI hai| phira bhI, aparigraha vRtti ke upAya ho sakate haiN| vyakti

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14 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 adhika sAdhana sAmagrI ke saMgraha hone para use apanA na mAne, use samAja kA mAne yahAM taka kI apane zarIra ko bhI samAja evaM rASTra kI saMpatti maane| bAhara se bhI vyavahAra karate hue andara se aparigrahI rhe| Aja vizva ke cAroM ora jo azAnti ke bAdala maMDarA rahe haiM aura manuSya-manuSya ke bIca jo baira virodha bar3ha rahA hai yadi usake kAraNoM para gaMbhIratA pUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAya to patA calegA ki usake mUla meM mAnava kI ananta icchAeM hai| apane mAtra sAr3he tIna hAtha ke zarIra kI suvidhA ke lie AlIzAna koThiyAM taiyAra karanA, zAnadAra bar3e baMgale banAnA, bAga-bagIce lagAnA tathA duniyA bhara ke parigraha ko vaha apane ghara meM jamA karatA hai| Aja dekhA jAtA hai ki hara ghara meM bhAI-bhAI meM, par3osI-par3osI meM tathA rASTroM ke bIca tanAva aura vaimanasya banA rahatA hai| sarvatra daMge aura phasAda hote hI rahate haiN| nyAyAlayoM meM abhI jitane abhiyoga vicArAdhIna hai unameM se adhikAMza ke mUla meM parigraha hI hai| parigraha kI hor3a meM kaba kyA hogA? kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai| saMsAra kA koI bhI dharma-darzana parigraha ko svarga yA mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM mAnatA hai| sabhI dharma eka svara meM use heya ghoSita karate hai| Aja aparigraha kI jIvana aura jagat meM ati AvazyakatA hai| artha- tRSNA kI Aga meM mAnava-jIvana bhasma na ho jAya, jIvana cakra artha ke hI irda-girda na ghUmatA rahe, aura jIvana kA uccatara lakSya mamatva ke aMdhakAra meM vilIna na ho jAya, isake lie aparigraha kA bhAva jIvana meM AnA hI caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isIlie aparigraha para vizeSa bala diyA hai| kyoMki ve jAnate the ki Ane vAlA samaya Arthika viSamatA evaM Avazyaka vastuoM ke anucita saMgraha vAlA hogA jo sAmAjika jIvana ko vighaTita kara degaa| dhana kA sImAMkana svastha samAja ke nirmANa ke lie anivArya hai| yadi aparigraha bhAva jIvana meM A jAya to samAja kI sArI viSamatAeM svataH samApta ho jaay| isa prakAra niSkarSa ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki aparigrahavAda Adhunika yuga kI jvalanta samasyAoM kA sundara samAdhAna hai isase vyakti kA jIvana ucca aura prazasta banatA hai aura sAtha hI, samAja va deza kI samasyAeM bhI sulajha sakatI hai| ***** saMdarbha : (1) dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6/20, (2) uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sAdhvI candanA, pR. 466 jaina nItizAstra: eka parizIlana, devendra muni, pR. 324, (4) vahI, pR. 324 (5) Just as the Shubhabhavas in the absence of Shubhabhavas adorn the life of the saint, So do these Paraphernalia without any contra diction, Dr. K.C. Sogani, Ethical Doctrines in Jainism, p.123 (6) sarvodaya darzana, pR. 281-282, (7) jaina darzana kI rUparekhA, esa. gopAlana, pR. 149 (8) jaina AgamaH itihAsa evaM saMskRti, DaoN. rekhA caturvedI, pR. 211 (9) jaina darzana kI rUparekhA, esa. gopAlana, pR.150 26, velI roDa, paTanA-800 001 (bihAra), phona : 0612-2287414

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jaina darzana meM pudgala dravya - kumAra ziva zaMkara pudgala jaina darzana kA viziSTa pAribhASika zabda hai / yaha pud aura gal ke yoga se banA hai| pud kA artha hai- pUrNa honA, milanA / jur3anA, gal kA artha hai- glnaa/httnaa/ttuuttnaa| pudgala paramANu, skandha avasthA meM paraspara milakara alaga-alaga hote rahate haiM tathA alaga hokara milate-jur3ate rahate haiN| inameM TUTa-phUTa hotI rahatI hai| ise jur3ane aura TUTane ko vijJAna kI bhASA meM phyUjana eNDa phisana kaha sakate haiN| chaha dravyoM meM eka pudgala meM hI saMzliSTa aura vizliSTa hone kI kSamatA hai, anya pA~ca meM nhiiN| isalie pudgala zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue kahA gayA hai "pUraNa galana svabhAvatvAt pudgalaH " arthAt jo dravya niraMtara milatA galatA rahe, banatA - bigar3atA rahe, TUTatA jur3atA rahe vaha pudgala hai| pUraNa- galana svabhAvI hone se pudgala yaha isakI sArthaka saMjJA hai| jagata meM jo kucha bhI hamAre dekhane, cakhane aura sU~ghane meM AtA hai, vaha saba paudgalika piNDa hI hai| sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa isake vizeSa guNa haiN| isalie ise rUpI yA mUrtika kahA jAtA hai| jagat meM aisA koI bhI pudgala nahIM hai jinameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza na pAe jAte hoM / ' - nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM meM jise 'bhautika tattva kahA gayA hai evaM vijJAna ne jise maiTara kahA hai, use hI jaina darzana meM pudgala kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo dravya pratikSaNa pUrNa hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai, banatA hai aura bigar3atA hai, jur3atA hai aura TUTatA hai vaha pudgala hai| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (svopajJabhASya), dhavalA, harivaMza purANa, sarvadarzanasaMgraha, tattvArtharAjavArtika Adi aneka graMthoM meM milanA, naSTa honA jisakA svabhAva hai, aise padArtha ko 'pudgala' kahA gayA hai| pudgala eka aisA dravya hai, jise sparza kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA svAda liyA jAtA hai, jo sU~ghA jAtA hai, jo dRzya hai arthAt usameM sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa ye cAra aMga anivArya rUpa se hote haiN| paramANu se lekara mahAskandha pRthvI taka ke pudgala dravya meM pA~ca rUpa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza, ye cAra prakAra ke guNa vidyamAna haiM, jo zabda rUpa hai, bhASA, dhvani Adi ke bhedoM se aneka prakAra kA pudgala paryAya hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM vaNNarasagaMdhaphAsA vijjaMte poggalassa suhumaado| puDhavIpariyaMtasya sadyo poggalo citto // arthAt pudgala dravya rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra prakAra ke guNa hote haiM tathA zabda bhI pudgala kI paryAya hai| rUpa pAMca haiM- nIlA, pIlA, kAlA, laal| 5 rasa haiM- tIkhA,

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16 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kaTuka, Amla, madhura aura ksailaa| do gaMdha haiM- sugandha tathA durgandha aura 8 sparza haiM- komala, kaThora, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha tathA ruukss| inameM se pratyeka ke saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta bheda kahe gae haiN| pudgala ke vizeSa dharma yA guNa cAra haiM- sparza, rasa, gandha aura vrnn| zabda bhI paudgalika hotA hai| sparzAdi cAra guNoM tathA zabdoM ko indriyoM se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| sparza kA sparzendriya, varNa kA cakSurindriya tathA zabda kA zrotrendriya se grahaNa hotA hai| isa prakAra pudgala vividha indriyoM kA viSaya banatA hai| varNa arthAt rUpa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa pudgala ko rUpI (mUrta) kahA jAtA hai| hamArI indriyA~ rUpI padArthoM arthAt paudgalika vastuoM kA jJAna karane meM hI samartha haiN| arUpI arthAt apaudgalika padArtha indriyajJAna ke viSaya nahIM bnte| jIva (AtmA) dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla arUpI haiN| inakA jJAna indriyoM dvArA nahIM ho sktaa| ye yA to mana kI cintanazakti (antarnirIkSaNa, anumAna, Agama Adi) dvArA mAne jAte haiM yA inakA AtmA dvArA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai|' jaina zAstroM ke anusAra pudgala dravya meM nimnalikhita vizeSatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM(1) pudgala astikAya hai : pratyeka paudgalika padArtha aneka avayavoM kA samUha hai, tathA AkAza pradezoM meM phailatA hai (avagAhana karatA hai) isalie vaha astikAya hai| (2) pudgala sat aura dravya hai: vaha sat hai isalie vaha parivartanazIla bhI hai aura nitya bhI hai| (3) pudgala nitya, avinAzI hai: tattvAntaraNIya nahIM hai- nityatva evaM atattvAntaraNIyatA dravyoM meM hote haiN| isalie pudgala ke lie nimnalikhita vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiM- kAla kI apekSA se pudgala atIta meM thA, vartamAna meM haiM aura bhaviSya meM hogaa| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to anAdi atIta kAla meM jitane pudgala-paramANu the, vartamAna meM utane hI haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI utane hI rheNge| pudgala-dravya kI apanI maulikatA yathAvat banI rahatI hai| pudgala niyata, zAzvata, dhruva, akSaya, avyaya, avasthita aura nitya hai| (4) pudgala acetana sattA hai, cetana nahIM - pudgala caitanya-rahita ajIva padArtha hai| vaha sadA ajIva rahatA hai, vaha na jAnatA hai, na anubhava karatA hai, na ciMtana-manana karatA hai| kisI bhI paudgalika upakaraNa dvArA yaha kArya saMbhava nahIM hai| (5) pudgala pariNAmI hai arthAt parivartanazIla hai pudgala kriyAvAna hai arthAt satata sakriya hai: pudgala jar3a padArtha yA acetana hote hue bhI satata sakriya banA rahatA hai| pudgala cAhe paramANu ke rUpa meM ho yA skaMdha-rUpa meM ho, satat parivartanazIla rahatA hai, usameM kucha na kucha ghaTita hotA rahatA hai| (6) pudgala galana-milana-dharmA hai:

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 17 chaH dravyoM meM kevala pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai, jo galana-milana dharmA hai| eka pudgala dUsare pudgala ke sAtha milakara nae pudgala kA nirmANa kara sakatA hai, ise pUraNa kahA jAtA hai tathA eka pudgala-skaMdha TUTa kara yA vighaTita hokara anya pudgala-skandhoM meM badala sakatA hai| vighaTana kI isa kriyA ko galana kahA jAtA hai| (7) pudgala saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta hai| kSetra, kI dRSTi se saMpUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta hai: pudgala ke donoM rUpa-paramANu aura skandha saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ananta hai| svataMtra paramANuoM kI saMkhyA sadA ananta rahatI hai| unameM se ananta paramANu svataMtra rUpa dhAraNa karate rahate haiN| (8) pudgala jIva ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura usase prabhAvita bhI hotA hai: donoM meM antaHkriyA saMbhava hai| pudgala dravya meM grahaNa nAma kA eka guNa hotA hai| pudgala ke sivAya anya dravyoM meM kisI dUsare dravya ke sAtha milane kI zakti nahIM hai| eka pudgala anya pudgala ke sAtha milane kI kSamatA to rakhatA hI hai, para isake atirikta jIva ke dvArA bhI usakA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| pudgala svayaM jAkara jIva se nahIM cipaTatA, kintu vaha jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara usake sAtha saMlagna ho jAtA hai| samasta jagata pudgala paramANuoM se nirmita hai| paramANu sUkSma aura avibhAjya hai| tattvArtharAjavArtika meM paramANu kA lakSaNa aura usake viziSTa guNa nimnalikhita prakAra se batAe gae haiM aura pudgala dravya ke aNu aura skandha do bheda kie gae haiN|' (i) samasta pudgala skandha paramANu se nirmita hai aura paramANu pudgala kA sUkSmatama aMza hai| (ii) paramANu nitya, avinAzI aura sUkSma hai| (iii) paramANu meM rasa, gaMdha varNa aura do sparza (snigdha athavA rUkSa, zIta athavA USNa) haiN| (iv) paramANu kA anumAna usase nirmita skandha se kiyA jA sakatA hai| paramANu sUkSmAtisUkSma hai, avibhAgI hai, zAzvata, zabdarahita tathA eka hai| paramANu kA Adi, madhya aura anta vaha svayaM hI hai| AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM attAdi attamajjhaM antataM Neva indie gejjhN| avibhAgo jaM davvaM paramANu taM viaannaahi| arthAt jisakA svayaM svarUpa hI Adi, madhya aura anta rUpa ho, jo indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa yogya nahIM hai, aisA avibhAgI- jisakA dUsarA bhAga na ho sake, dravya paramANu hai| yahA~ yaha draSTavya hai ki paramANu kA yahI rUpa Adhunika vijJAna bhI mAnatA hai| isa saMbandha meM uttamacanda jaina kA nimna kathana draSTavya hai- "paramANu kisI bhI indriya yA aNuvIkSaNa yantrAdi se bhI grAhya (dRSTigocara) nahIM hotA hai| ise jaina darzana meM kevala pUrNajJAnI (sarvajJa) ke jJAnagocaramAtra mAnA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki 'aNu' ke viSaya meM do hajAra varSa pUrva kundakundAcArya dvArA

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18 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 likhe gae niyamasAra meM 'Neva iMdie gejjhaM' arthAt indriya grAhya (paramANu) hai hI nahIM, yaha lakSaNa kitanA vaijJAnika evaM kharA hai / " muni pramANasAgara kA kathana hai ki vaijJAnika jisa paramANu ke anusaMdhAna meM rata haiM, jaina darzana ke anusAra vaha aneka paramANuoM se saMghaTita koI skaMdha (maoNlikyUla) hai, kyoMki usameM ilekTrAna, proTAna, nyUTrAna, alphA, bITA, gAmA, nyUTrino, mesAna, kvArka Adi aneka kaNa pAye jAte haiN| aba to unakI saMkhyA bar3hakara sau se adhika ho gaI hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra paramANu vaha mUla kaNa hai jisameM koI bheda yA vibhAga saMbhava nahIM hai| paramANu pudgala kI aMtima ikAI hai| ise avibhAgI kahA gayA hai| atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa paramANu indriyoM evaM prayogoM ke viSaya se atIta hai| ataH vaha manuSyakRta nAnA prakriyAoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jainadarzana meM paramANu kA ati sUkSma vivecana aura vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai paramANu kI yaha vyAkhyA jisameM prAcInatA to hai hI, paramANu vijJAna kI nava-jIvana khojoM ke lie vaijJAnikoM ko prAmANika preraNA bhI detI hai| jaina darzana kA yaha bhAga sarvathA sUkSma hai aura isa prakAra vaijJAnika pragati meM samartha aura sahAyaka banA huA hai| saMdarbha 1. jaina tattva vidyA - muni pramANa sAgara, pR. 232 2. 3. devendramuni zAstrI - jaina darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa, (ka) pUraNAt pudgalayatIti gala:- zabdakalpadrumakoza (kha) pUraNAd galanAd iti pudgalAH - nyAyakoza, pR. 502 (ga) chavvihaMsaThANaM bahuvahi dehehi pUraditi galaditi poggala / (gha) harivaMzapurANa - 7/36- varNagandharasasparzaH pUraNaM galanaM ca yat / (4) umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra 5/23 (ca) mAdhavAcArya- sarvadarzanasaMgraha, 4. pR. 153 q. 157-158 5. (ka) pravacanasAra - 2/40 (kha) 'sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH ' tatvArthasUtra - 5/23 6. jaina dharma darzana DA. mohana lAla mehatA, pR, 180-181 7. jaina darzana aura vijJAna, pR. 3/3-20 8. tattvArtharAjavArtika, bhAga-2, 5/25 9. kundakundaH niyamasAra, gAthA - 26 - 10. zrI uttamacandra jaina : 'jainadarzana aura saMskRti' nAmaka pustaka meM saMkalita nibandha " jaina darzana kA tAttvika pakSa paramANuvAda, indaura vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, akTUbara - 1976 11. jaina tattva vidyA bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, pR. 232-233. zodha chAtra- snAtakottara prAkRta evaM jainazAstra vibhAga vIra ku~vara siMha vizvavidyAlaya, 802301 (bihAra) ArA

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zAnti-krAnti kI mairAthana daur3a meM zramaNacaryA -DaoN. sureza canda jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke vIra zAsana kI yaha sadI nita nae kIrtimAna sthApita karane jA rahI hai, vaise jahA~ 20vIM zatAbdI meM ahiMsA aura satyAgraha ke astroM se deza kI AjAdI dilAne vAle purodhA puruSa mahAtmA gA~dhI ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sarvodayI siddhAnta ko punarjIvita kiyA thA, vahIM parama pUjya AcArya zAntisAgara jI ne vismRtaprAya zramaNa caryA ko jIvantatA pradAna kI thii| unakA hI yaha suphala hai ki Aja pUre deza meM sahasrAdhika zramaNa-muni yatra-tatra vihAra karate hue zAntimaya krAnti meM sannaddha haiN| zramaNacaryA meM eka nae AyAma ko bhI jor3A gayA hai aura vaha hai navatIrtha nirmaann| saMbhavata: AcArya kundakunda ise muni ke Avazyaka guNoM meM zAmila karanA bhUla gae the isIlie vartamAna ke AcAryoM ne AgamAnukUla nae tIrtha nirmANa kI prakriyA meM svayaM ko jor3ate hue samAja ko sakriya bhAgIdArI karane ke lie utprerita kiyA hai| pUrva meM jJAna jyoti ratha pravartana huA thaa| usakI zuruAta mahAsabhAdhyakSa zrI nirmala jI seThI ne kI thI aura usakA pravartana deza kI rAjadhAnI dillI se huA thaa| isI kar3I meM eka aura ratha kA pravartana huA hai usakI zuruAta bhI AdaraNIya seThI jI ne hI kii| isa ratha pravartana kA nAmakaraNa puSpagiri digvijaya ratha pravartana huA hai tathA jisakA pravartana zAnti-krAMti dRSTA rASTrasaMta muni taruNasAgara jI ke mArgadarzana meM huA hai tathA chattIsagar3ha ke mukhyamaMtrI zrI ramanasiMha ne isa ratha ko harI jhaMDI dikhAyI hai| yaha ratha deza kI cAroM dizAoM meM digvijaya karatA huA janavarI 2011 taka puSpagiri pahuMcegA jahAM anumAnataH 10-15 lAkha zraddhAluoM kI upasthiti meM digvijaya ratha kA samApana hogaa| cakravartI kauna hogA? isakA nirNaya upasthita janasamudAya karegA aura cayanita cakravartI kA padArohaNa evaM abhiSeka bhI hogA hii| kyoMki isake binA digvijaya ratha vijaya kI sArthakatA kaise siddha hogI? yaha yakSa prazna Aja bhI hai aura 2011 taka banA rhegaa| purANoM meM cakravartI chaH khaNDoM kI vijaya ke lie digvijaya karate the| Aja taka na to kahIM par3hane meM AyA aura na hI gurumukha se sunA ki dharmaprabhAvanA kI bhI digvijaya yAtrA hotI hai| vaise bhI, Aja na to koI cakravartI hai aura kadAcit koI zAsaka cakravartI banane kA prayAsa kare bhI to janataMtra meM yaha saMbhava hI nhiiN| rAjA-mahArAjA, samrATa aura cakravartI hone kA yaha yuga nahIM hai| zAnti-krAMti dRSTA yadi cakravartI ho sakeM to yaha dha ma kA maMgala prabhAta mAnanA hogA kyoMki dharma kI sthiti tIrtha meM hai aura jitane tIrtha hoMge utanA hI logoM kA uddhAra hogA aura carama puruSArtha mokSa kI siddhi bhii| kyoMki tIrthakara to isa kAlacakra meM hone se rahe to tIrthakSetra ke nava-nirmANa kI zrRkhaMlA meM bhalA kauna aisA santa hogA jo eka nae tIrtha kA nirmANa na karanA cAhegA? aisI jana-dhana aura dharma prabhAvanA

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20 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kA zreya lene meM bhalA saMkoca kaisA? eka paMtha aura do kAja- tIrtha nirmANa aura artha-mokSa rUpI puruSArtha hI siddhi| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki ki mUrti bhaMjana kAla meM bhI pApar3IvAla jaise zreSThI hue, jinhoMne hajAroM pratimAoM ko pratiSThita karAkara yatra-tatra sarvatra sthApita kraayii| yaha eka zAntipUrvaka kiyA gayA pratirodha thA to jaba Aja aneka prAcIna tIrtha anAvazyaka vivAda kSetra bane hue haiM aise meM navatIrtha banAkara digambara vItarAga dharma kI prabhAvanA ko zata-pratizata tana-mana-dhana aura jana kA sahayoga milanA apratyAzita nahIM kahA jA sakatA, sone pe suhAgA yaha ki vItarAga santa kI preraNA-nirdezana meM atizaya puNya saMcaya kA bhalA kauna vivekI zrAvaka lobha saMvaraNa kara sakatA hai? kadAcit koI nhiiN| purAne tIrtha jAyeM to jAyeM hameM to unake sthAnApanna suvidhA saMpanna nae tIrthoM se ihalaukika pAralaukika puNya saMcaya to milatA hI rhegaa| prAyaH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA karanA-karAnA atyaMta duSkara kArya hai kyoMki usameM prabhUta dhana kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai isIlie atIta meM paMcakalyANaka birala hI hote the, parantu Aja sthiti pahale jaisI nahIM rhii| prativarSa saikar3oM kI tAdAda meM paMcakalyANaka hote haiM nita nae maMdira kA nirmANa Aja jitanA sahaja hai utanA saMbhavataH atIta meM nahIM thaa| Aja dhana gaMgA kI bAr3ha hai yadi use bAMdhA na jAya to bhArI jana-dhana aura dharma kI hAni kA khatarA ho sakatA hai| zAyada isIlie hamAre zramaNa-santa isa dhanagaMgA kI bAr3ha ko maMdiroM aura tIrthoM kI ora abhimukha karane kA bhAgIratha prayatna karake vItarAga jinadharma - nija dharma-tapa-saMyama aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sarvodayI tIrtha kI saMkalpanA ko mUrta rUpa dene meM juTe hue haiM bhale hI, zramaNa-caryA meM yatkicit doSa kyoM na hotA ho dharma prabhAvanA ke nimitta yaha doSa bhI vaha sahaja vRtti se svIkArate haiN| usake lie AcAryoM ne prAyazcitta, pratikramaNa Adi kA vidhAna kiyA hI hai| astu, yaha samaya AlocanA/samAlocanA kA nahIM varan eka vivekI zraddhAlu aura jinadharmAnuyAyI hone ke nAte hama sabhI ko aise mahAkuMbha meM snAna ke lie abhI se taiyArI prAraMbha kara denI caahie| aise mahAkuMbha zatAbdI meM phira ho na hoN| itylm| vijJeSu kimadhi km| Aja zramaNacaryA kA amogha astra aura maMtra hai tIrthameva paraM jJAnaM tIrthameva paraM tpH| tIrthameva paro dharmaH tIrthAnmokSazca naisstthikH|| -ajJAta arthAt tIrtha hI parama jJAna hai, tIrtha hI parama tapa hai, tIrtha hI parama dharma hai aura tIrtha se hI naiSThika nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| isIlie use banAte rahie, aisA Ajakala sarvagata ho rahA hai| AgamacakSusAdhu nizcita hI bhavAminandana kI ora abhimukha haiN| bhavAbhi nandI muniyoM ke viSaya meM AcArya amitagati ne spaSTa likhA hai bhavAbhinandinaH kecit santi sNjnyaavshiikRtaa| kurvanto'pi paraM dharma lokpNktikRtaadraa:||-18|| -yogasAra

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 ukta zloka kA bhASya AcArya jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai yadyapi jinaliMga ko- nirgrantha jainamunimudrA ko dhAraNa karane ke pAtra atinipuNa evaM viveka saMpanna mAnava hI hote haiM phira bhI jinadIkSA lene vAle sAdhuoM meM kucha aise bhI nikalate haiM jo bAhya meM dhairya kA anuSThAna karate hue bhI aMtaraMga se saMsAra kA abhinandana karane vAle hote haiN| aise sAdhuoM kI pahacAna eka to yaha hai ki ve AhArAdi cAra saMjJAoM ke athavA unameM se kisI ke bhI vazIbhUta hote haiM; dUsare lokapaMkti meM- laukika janoM jaisI kriyAoM ke karane meM unakI ruci banI rahatI hai aura use ve acchA samajhakara karate bhI haiN| AhArasaMjJA ke vazIbhUta muni bahudhA aise gharoM meM bhojana karate haiM jahA~ acchA-rucikara evaM gariSTha-svAdiSTa bhojana milane kI adhika saMbhAvanA hotI hai, udidaSTa bhojana tyAga kI Agamokta doSoM ke parimArjana kI paravAha nahIM karate, bhojana karate samaya aneka bAhya kSetroM se AyA huA bhojana bhI le lete haiM, jo spaSTa AgamAjJA ke viruddha hotA hai| bhayasaMjJA ke vazIbhUta muni aneka bhayoM se AkrAnta rahate haiM, parISahoM ke sahana karane se ghabarAte haiM tathA vanavAsa se Darate haiM jaba ki samyakdRSTi sapta prakAra ke bhayoM se rahita hotA hai| maithunasaMjJA aura parigraha saMjJA vAle sAdhu aneka prakAra ke parigrahoM kI icchA ko dhAraNa kiye rahate haiM, paisA jamA karate haiM, paise kA ThaharAva karake bhojana karate haiM, apane iSTajanoM ko paisA dilAte haiM, pustakeM chapAkara bikrI karate-karAte rupayA jor3ate haiM, tAlAbanda bAksa rakhate haiM, bAksa kI tAlI kamaNDalu Adi meM rakhate haiM, pIchI meM noTa chipAkara rakhate haiM, apanI pUjAeM banAvAkara chapavAte haiM aura apanI janmagAMTha kA utsava manAte haiN| ukta saba lakSaNa bhavAbhinandiyoM ke haiM jo padya meM saMjJAvazIkRto aura lokapaMktikRtAdarAH ina donoM vizeSaNoM se phalita hote haiM, Ajakala aneka muniyoM meM lakSita bhI hote haiN| uparyukta bhASya AcArya jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne Aja se 6 dazaka pUrva kiyA thA taba se Aja samaya kAphI badala cukA hai| Aja ke saMdarbha meM vicAraNIya hai ki navatIrthanirmANa tannimittika anuSThAna-ratha pravartana, digvijaya ratha pravartana-mahAkuMbha Adi Ayojana aura usake lie yatra-tatra-sarvatra vihAra, Adi kriyAeM zramaNacaryA meM samAhita ho cukI haiN| aisI hI kyA AgamacakSu sAdhu kI caryA hotI hai ? Aja to mairAthana daur3a meM agraNIya hone kI ApA-dhApI hai| jabaki dharma ke nimitta bhI sAdhu kI caryA nimnalikhita saMdarbha ke anusAra honI cAhie dharmAya kriyamANA sA kalyANAMgaM mniissinnaam| tannimittaH punardharmaH pApAya htcetsaam||21|| -yogasAra prAbhRta arthAt - jo vivekazIla vidvAn sAdhu haiM unakI dharmArtha kI gaI lokArAdhana rUpa kriyA kalyANakAriNI hotI hai aura jo mUDhacitta avivekI haiM, una sAdhuoM kA lokArAdha na ke nimitta - logoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karane ke lie kI gaI dharma saMbandhI kriyAeM pApabaMdha kA kAraNa hotI haiN|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 zAnti-krAMti draSTA AgamacakSu sAdhu kI vartamAna tIrthanirmANa aura paMcakalyANakoM kI ApAdhApI maya mairAthana daur3a se kauna sI krAMti maya zAnti udbhUta hone vAlI hai yaha bhaviSya hI btlaayegaa| zramaNa caryA ke viSaya meM AcArya kundakunda kA spaSTa udghoSa hai jo sutto vavahAre so joi jaggAe skjjmmi| jo jaggadi vavahAre so sutto appaNo kjje||31|| - mokSapAhur3a jo muni vyavahAra ke kAryoM meM sotA hai, udAsIna hai, vaha apane AtmadhyAna ke kArya meM jAgatA-sAvadhAna hai, tathA jo vyavahAra ke kAryo meM jAgatA hai (sAvadhAna hai) vaha Atma svarUpa ke cintavana meM sotA hai(udAsIna hai)| - vIra sevA maMdira dariyAgaMja, naI dillI digambara muni kA abhAva dharma ko le DUbegA ...nizcaya samajhie ki yadi digambara gurU ke AcAra-vicAra meM badalAva AtA hai to to digambara dharma kI khaira nahIM- usakA lopa avazyaMbhAvI hai| bauddhadharma ke bhArata se palAyana aura usa dharma meM zithilatA Ane ke mUla kAraNoM meM bhI unake sAdhvAcAra meM zithilatA AnA hI mukhya kAraNa thA- yaha hama dekha hI cuke haiN| jainadharma ke bhaTTArakoM ke hrAsa kA kAraNa bhI yahI hai| ...... paM. padamacanda zAstrI, saMpAdaka 'anekAMta' varSa 40 kiraNa 4, pRSTha 33

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licchavi gaNarAjya kI vibhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vizva ko divyAvadAna - DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala vaizAlI 'jana' kA pratipAlaka, 'gaNa' kA Adi vidhaataa| jise DhUMDhatA deza Aja, usa prajAtaMtra kI maataa|| ruko eka kSaNa, pathika! yahA~ miTTI ko sIsa nvaao| rAja-siddhiyoM kI samAdhi para, phUla-car3hAte jaao| -rASTrakavi sva. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara 'vaizAlI' ke prati bhAvapUrNa shrddhaaNjli| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi; vAsokuNDaH vaizAlI prANImAtra ke prati dayA aura abhaya-dAna, mAnava jIvana kA caramotkarSa- satya evaM ahiMsA kI sAdhanA aura AtmA meM paramAtmA kA darzana karAne vAle bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma IsA pUrva 599 meM vAsokuNDa- vaizAlI meM huA thaa| jaina Agama meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma bharatakSetra ke videha-kuNDapura' meM honA sarvatra likhA hai| unake janma sthala se saMbandhita kucha saMdarbha isa prakAra haiM: 1. siddhArthanRpatitanayo bhAratavAsye videhkunnddpure| devyAM priyAkAriNyAM susvapnanAn saMpradarzya vibhuH|| -AcArya pUjyapAdaH dazabhakti nirvANabhakti, padya-4 (5vIM. zatI I.) artha- bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva bhAratavarSa ke videha deza ke kuNDapura nagara meM zreSTha svapnoM ko darzA kara priyakAriNI devI aura siddhArtha rAjA kA putra huaa| 2. tsminssnnmaasshessaayussyaanaakaadaagmissyti| bharate'sminvidehAkhye viSaye bhvnaaNgnne|| rAjJaH kuNDapurezasya vsudhaaraapttprbhu| saptakoTirmaNiH sArdhA siddhArthasya dinmprti|| -AcArya guNabhadra, uttara purANa, 74/251-252 pR. (9vIM zatI I.) artha- jaba acyutendra kI Ayu chaha mahine zeSa rahI aura vaha svarga se cyuta hone udyata huA, taba isI bharatakSetra ke videha nAmaka deza-saMbandhI kuNDapura nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke bhavana ke AMgana meM pratidina sAr3he sAta karor3a ratnoM kI moTI dhArAmaya varSA hone lgii|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 videha viSaye kuNDasaMjJAyAM puri bhUpatiH nAtho nAthakulasyaikaH siddhaarthaakhystrisiddhibhaak| tasya puNyAnubhAvena priysaasiitpriykaarinnii|| vahI, (uttarapurANa) 75/7-8 artha- videha-deza ke kuNDapura meM nAthavaMza ke ziromaNi evaM tInoM siddhiyoM se saMpanna rAjA siddhArtha rAjya karate the| puNya ke prabhAva se priyakAriNI unhIM kI strI huI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janma ke samaya sonA, hIrA, motI Adi ratnoM kI varSA kI puSTi vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI ke lokagItoM aura kulagItoM se bhI hotI hai| zrAvaNa mAsa meM bAjjikAMcala meM gAye jAne vAle lokagIta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmadina (tithI) kA bhI ullekha huA hai| lokagIta isa prakAra hai 3. Ahe kaunA nagariyA bhaiyA mahAvIra janma lihale kiyo haina mAtAjI ke nAma hai? vAsokuNDa nagariyA meM mahAvIra janma bhaile trizalA devI mAtA jI ke nAma hai| caita mahinA rAmA terasa ijoriyA (zukla pakSa) meM ho khelA jaya jayakAra hai| sonA je barase rAmA, hIrA je baraselA motI barase bauchAra hai| aisana samaiyA rAmA mahAvIra janama bhaile nagara meM hoive jayakAra hai| artha- prazna:- bhaiyA yaha kauna sA nagara hai? kyA mahAvIra ne yahA~ janma liyA hai? unakI mAtA jI kA kyA nAma hai? uttara- vAsokuNDa nagara meM mahAvIra ne janma liyA hai, unakA mAtA kA nAma trizalA devI hai| he rAmA, caitra mAsa kI terasa zukla pakSa meM unakA janma huA thaa| sabhI ne prasannatApUrvaka jaya-jayakAra kI thii| usa samaya, he rAmA, sonA, hIrA aura motiyoM kI bauchAra rUpa meM varSA huI thii| aise samaya (ratnoM kI varSA sahita) mahAvIra ne janma liyA thA! sArI nagarI meM janmotsava kI jaya-jayakAra huI thii| vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI ke lokagItoM aura kula gItoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmasthala, mAtA kA nAma, janma tithi aura ratnoM kI varSA ke varNana se DaoN. jayakumAra jaina jalaja, ratalAma bahuta prabhAvita hue| unake anusAra 'jar3a pramANoM ke alAvA lokagItoM, loka paramparAoM aura loka mAnyatAoM kI jo cetana pramANa samRddhi Apane (DaoN. rAjendra baMsala) prastuta kI hai, vaha akATya hai loka kI garimA aura loka kI saMvedanA para maiM itanA mohita nahIM huA thA jitanA aba! sacamuca loka eka bahuta bar3I tAkata hai aura itihAsa kI saccAI taka pahuMcane kA eka nizcala sAdhana hai|"

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 chakkhaMDAgama kI vIrasenAcAryakRta dhavalA TIkA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA garbha evaM janma sthala kuNDapura darzAyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 4. 'AsAr3ha joNNapakkhaghaTaThIe kuNDapuraNagurahiva NAhavesa siddhatANariMdassa tisilA devIe gavbhamAgatNa tattha attdivsaahiynnvmaase| Accheya caitta-suklapakkharerasIe uttarAphagguNINakcAtte gmbhaadonnikkhNto|' (vIra senAcArya, dhavalA TIkA, khaNDa 4, pustaka 9:4-144, pR.121) artha- ASAr3ha zukla pakSa SaSThI ke dina kuNDapura nagara ke adhipati nAthavaMzI siddhArtha narendra kI trizalA devI ke garbha meM Akara aura vahAM ATha dina adhika nau mAsa rahakara caitra zukla pakSa kI trayodazI kI rAtri meM uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra meM garbha se bAhara Aye! kaSAyapAhur3a kI jayadhavalA TIkA bhAga-1 pRSTha 76-77 meM vIrasenAcArya ne ukta paMktiyAM yathAvata likhI hai aura 'kuNDapura' ko hI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthala darzAyA hai| paravartI lekhakoM ne jayadhavalA meM kahIM kuNDapura ke sthAna para 'kuNDalapura' likhakara bhrama utpanna kiyA hai| AcArya dAmanandi (11vIM zatI I.) ne purANasAra saMgraha meM videha-kuNDapura ko janma bhUmi darzAyA hai, yathA 5. athA'spin bhAratevarSe videheSu mhrddhissu| __ AsItkuNDapuraM nAmnAM puraM surpurottmm|| (A. dAmanandi, purANasAra saMgraha-2, vardhamAna ca.4/1 pRSTha 188 artha- athAnantara isI bharatakSetra meM videha nAma kA samRddhi-zAlI deza hai, vahAM devoM ke nagaroM se bhI bar3hakara kuNDapura nAma kA nagara thaa| 6. cyutvAvidehanAthasya siddhaarthsyaadd.gjo'jni| so'tra kuNDapure zakraH kRtvaamissvnnaadikm|| paM. AzAdhara jI (13vIM zatI I.), triSaSTismRtizAstra, 24/24 pR. artha- puSpottara vimAna (svarga) se cyuta hokara videha deza ke rAjA siddhArtha va priyakAriNI ke garbha se kuNDapura meM mahAvIra nAma se jnmeN| indra ne abhiSekAdi kArya kiye|' 7. zvetAmbara sAhitya meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma kuNDagrAma, uttara kSatriyakuNDapura, kuNDapura (vaideha) meM honA darzAyA hai| "kalpasUtra meM likhA hai ki zramaNa bhagavAna....jJAtRkSatriya jJAtR kSatriya ke putra jJAtRvaMza ke candramaNi, videha, videhadattA kA putra, videha nivAsa, videha kA rAjakumAra-videha meM jabaki unake mAtA- pitA kA dehAnta huA taba taka tIsa varSa raha cuke the|" -viNIya NAe NAyaputte NAyakulacaMde videhe, videha diNNe videhajcce videha sUmAle tIsevAsAiM videhasiM kaTaTu (kalpasUtra 5/11) / AcArAMga sUtra meM bhI uktAnusAra pATha se milatA-julatA kathana kiyA hai|' ukta pramANoM se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra jJAtRkula meM utpanna hue the, ve

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 videha-deza ke rahane vAle the, unake pitA siddhArtha kuNDapura (vAsokuNDa) ke rAjA the aura unakI mAtA trizalA 'videhadattA' kahalAtI thii| yaha jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM trizalA ko mahArAjA ceTaka kI bahina mAnA jAtA hai, jabaki digambara paraMparA meM trizalA ko ceTaka kI putrI mAnA hai| isI kAraNa trizalA 'videhadattA' kahalAtI haiM aura mahAvIra vaizAleya! bihAra rAjyAMtargata videhAdi rAjyoM kI sthiti-parisImA digambara jaina paraMparA ke AdipurANa ke anusAra Adi brahmA mahArAjA RSabhadeva ke vicAra yA jJAna mAtra se indra ne ayodhyApurI meM jina maMdiroM kI racanA kii| pazcAt sukauzala, avantI.....aMga, baMga.....magadha, vidarbha .....videha.....cedi....zakra aura kekaya ina tirepana dezoM kI racanA kii| avibhAjita bihAra rAjya meM aMga, magadha aura videha deza sammilata the| DaoN. paM. pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya ne Adi purANa (bhAga-1) meM ina dezoM ko nimna prakAra darzAyA hai|| videha- mithilA kA pArzvavartI pradeza magadha- rAjagRhI kI pArzvavartI pradeza aMga- bhAgalapura kA pArzvavartI pradeza DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne pUrva-buddhakAla meM bhArata meM solaha mahAjana padoM kI sUcI apanI kRti 'hindU sivilAijezana' meM prastuta kI hai, jisakA AdhAra bauddha paraMparA kI pAlI kRti aMguttaranikAya hai| solaha rAjya isa prakAra haiM, jinheM 'buddhakAlIna bhArata' zIrSaka pR. 179 ke nakze meM darzAyA hai| 1) aMga 9) kuru 2) magadha 10) paMcAla 3) kasI 11) maccha (matsya) 4) kausalu 12) sUrasena 5) bAjje 13) assa (azmaka) 6) malla 14) avanti 7) ceti (cedI) 15) gaMdhAra 8) rusa (vatsa) 16) kamboja zvetAmbara paraMparA ke bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI solaha rAjyoM ke nAma diye haiN| ve haiMaMga, baMga, magaha, malaya, mAlavA, accha, vaccha(vatsa), koccha, pATha, (1puMDra), lAr3ha, vAjje, moli (malla), kAsI, kausala, avAha, sNmuttr| ukta vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki digambara evaM zvetAmbara jaina paraMparA tathA pUrva-buddhakAla meM aMga, magadha, videha (vAjje), malla Adi rAjya bihAra rAjya meM sammilita the| magadha meM bimbasAra (zreNika) kA rajataMtra thA jisakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI thii| DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne prAcIna pAlI aura jaina Agama ke anusAra usa kAla ke

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 nimna gaNarAjyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. zAkya kapilavastu 2. bulisa allAkappA kAlAmasa kezaputta magga susamAra parvata keliya rAmagAMna malla pAvA malla kuzInArA morIya piplIvana videha mithilA 10. licchavi - vaizAlI ___11. nAya (jJAtika) vaizAlI 2 se 5 evaM kramAMka ke choTe gaNarAjya the| kramAMka 9,10,11 rAjya vajji saMgha ke aMtargata the jo vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke nAma se vikhyAta thaa| yaha gaNarAjya sammilita the, yathAvideha, jJAtRika, licchavI, vAjjei tathA cAra saMbhavataH ugra, bhoga, ikSvAku evaM kaurava the| vaizAlI gaNarAjya kA varNana Age kiyA hai jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma, videha-kuNDapura meM huA thaa| videha, magadha Adi kI parisImAe~ Agamika vidvAna paM. sumeracandra divAkara ne apanI kRti 'mahAzramaNa mahAvIra' meM 'bihAra-thU-di-ejeja' evaM zakti-saMgama ke AdhAra para videha (gaNataMtra) kI parisImA nimnAnusAra nizcita kI hai| "Videh Corresponds mostly with the---- Tirhut division. The Capital of videh was mithila usually identified with Janakpuri in he Nepal Jain. In the course of time Southern Videh developed a new kingdom with its capital of Vaishali, abount 23 miles from Muzaffarpur"17 arthAt vartamAna tirahuta saMbhAga meM videha antarbhUta hai| videha kI rAjadhAnI mithilA thii| vaha nepAla kI tarAI meM vidyamAna janakapurI kI mAnI jAtI hai| kucha samaya ke anaMtara dakSiNa videha ne svataMtra rAjya kA svarUpa prApta kara liyaa| usakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ho gayI, jo mujaphpharapura se tetIsa mIla para sthita hai| zakti-saMgama-tantra ke hI prasaMga se 'vihAra thro da ejeja' ke pRSTha 55 para likhA haigaMDaka nadI ke taTa se lekara caMpAraNa paryanta kA sthAna videha athavA tirubhukti kahA jAtA thaa| usake pUrva pazcima tathA dakSiNa me kosI, gaMDaka tathA gaMgA- ye tIna bar3I nadiyA~ haiM tathA himAlaya kI tarAI uttara kI ora hai| isa kSetra meM mujaphpharapura, darabhaMgA, caMpArana, mugera tathA puraniyA- ye vartamAna jile zAmila hote haiN|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 videha deza ke vistAra ke saMbandha meM zakti-saMgama-tantra ke sundarI khaNDa meM isa prakAra kahA gayA hai|8 gaNDakI tIramArabhya campAraNyAntakaM shive| videhabhUH samAkhyAtA tairbhuvtymiyaatusaa|| arthAt tIra bhukti kahI jAne vAlI videha bhUmi gaNDakI (gaNDaka nadI) ke tIra se lekara caMpAraNa kI aMtima sImA taka phailI huI hai| bRhaviSNupurANa meM videha athavA tIrabhukti deza kI sImA darzAyI gayI hai, jo isa prakAra hai 'gaMgAnadI aura himAlaya parvata ke madhya pandrahavAM vAlA paramapavitra tIrabhukti (videha) nAmaka deza hai| kauzikI (koza se lekara gaNDakI (gaNDaka) taka videha kI pUrva se pazcima taka kI sImA 24 yojana (96kosa) hai| gaMgA nadI se lekara haibhavata vana (himAlaya taka cauDAI 16 yojana (64kosa) hai| aise videha athavA tIrabhukti deza meM tInoM lokoM ke vikhyAta pA~ca kAraNoM se puNyazAlI mithilA nAma kI nagarI hai|' yaha jJAtavya hai ki tIrabhukti yA tirahuta nAma Aja bhI bahuzruta hai aura tirahuta nAma kA saMbhAga (pramaNDala) bhI banA huA hai| isI videha yA tIrabhukti pradeza meM vaizAlI, mithilA Adi nagara the| bhAratIya purAtatva ke purodhA alekjeMDara kaniMghama ne apanI kRti 'da ensienTa jyogrAphI oNpha inDiyA' meM cInI yAtrI huAnasAMga (IsA 637-639) kI yAtrA kA varNana savistAra nagaroM kI dUrI aura paristhiti darzAte hue kiyA hai| yAtrAvRtta kA nakzA bhI saMlagna kiyA hai| nakze ke anusAra gaMgA nadI ke uttarI bhAga meM nepAla kI tarAI taka tIrabhukti, vaizAlI, sArana, kuzInagara, pAvA, janakapura Adi sthita hai| nakze meM gaMgAnadI ke dakSiNI bhAga meM magadha rAjya darzAyA hai jisameM pATalIputra-paTanA, nAlaMdA-bar3agAMva, rAjagRhI, bodhagayA Adi sthita hai| huAnasAMga ke anusAra magadha kA vistAra 833 varga mIla thaa| isake uttara meM gaMgAnadI, pazcima meM banArasa, pUrva meM hiraNya parvata yA muMgera aura dakSiNa meM kiraNa svarNa yA siMhabhUmi thii| huAnasAMga kI vaizAlI, brajI, nepAla magadha deza Adi kI yAtrA kA vivaraNa ukta pustaka ke pR. 373 se 383 taka meM diyA hai, jo mUlataH paThanIya hai| isase aneka prakAra ke bhaugolika bhrama, kuMThAeM evaM sodazIya duHkalpanAoM kA bhrama dUra hokara yathArtha jJAna hotA hai| purAtatva evaM itihAsa vettA zrI nandU lAla De ne apanI kRti prAcIna evaM madhyakAlIna bhArata kA bhaugolika zabda koSa meM bihAra rAjya ke mahatvapUrNa deza aura nagaroM kA vistRta paricaya saMdarbha sahita diyA hai, jisakA saMkSepasAra isa prakAra hai vaizAlI- basADa mujaphpharapura (tirahuta) jilA meM hAjIpura se 18 mIla uttara kI ora aura gaMDaka nadI kI bAyIM ora sthita hai| vaizAlI deza (gaNarAjya) kA nAma thA sAtha hI vajji yA licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI bhI thI jo buddhakAla meM samRddhi ke zikhara para thii| vaizAlI ke uttara meM videha aura dakSiNa meM magadha rAjya thaa| mahAparinivANasuttaM ke anusAra

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 29 vaizAlI aura vajji saMgha meM gaNarAjya kA zAsana thA / vaizAlI ke kuNDapura meM jainoM ke 24veM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma huA thA / vaizAlI buddha kI karmabhUmi thI / buddha yahA~ ke mahAvana kI kUTagrahazAlA meM rahe / ( pRSTha 17-18 ) videha - tirahuta rAjA janaka kA rAjya thA / videha aura usakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma mithilA thaa| janakapura rAjA janaka kI rAjadhAnI thI videha ke pUrva meM kausikI (kusI), pazcima meM gaMDaka, uttara meM himAlaya aura dakSiNa meM gaMgA nadI thii| buddha ke samaya yaha vajji deza ke nAma se prasiddha thA (pR.35) kuNDagrAma- mujaphpharapura jile meM kuNDagrAma vaizAlI (basAr3a) kA dUsarA nAma hai| kuNDagrAma yathArtha meM vAsokuNDa hai jo vaizAlI kA aMga hai| yaha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA janma sthala hai| yaha bauddhoM kA koTIgrAma hai| mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha the, jinheM ceTaka kI putrI (zvetAmbara paraMparAnusAra bahina ) trizalA byAhI thii| apane rAjya ke 29veM varSa meM azoka dvArA nirmita staMbha meM niryantha kA ullekha hai ( 107-108) 1 magadha - dakSiNa bihAra meM sthita hai| sona nadI pazcimI sImA jarAsaMgha ke samaya magadha kI rAjadhAnI prAcIna kAla meM girI brajapura (vidyamAna rAjagRha) thii| bAda meM, buddha ke samaya ajAtazatru ne, vaizAlI ko vijita karake pATalIputra ko rAjadhAnI bnaaii| magadha deza gaMgA sona nadI ke dakSiNa meM banArasa se muMgera taka tathA dakSiNa kI ora siMha bhUmi taka phailA thA ( 116-117) / aMga- bhAgalapura aura muMgera isameM sammilita hai yaha solaha janapadoM meM eka hai| caMpA yA bhAgalapura isakI rAjadhAnI hai| uttarI sImA kI pazcimI sImA gaMgA aura sarajU kA saMgama thii| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra saMthAla paraganA bhI usameM sammilita thaa| magadha samrATa bimbasAra ne ise jItakara (chaTavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva) magadha meM milA liyA thaa| ajAta zatru vijetA bnaa| campApura meM jainoM ke bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupujya kA janma huA thA / (pR. 8) rAjagRhI- prAcIna magadha kI rAjadhAnI thii| nayA nagara ajAtazatru ke pitA bimbasAra ne sthApita kiyA- (pR.165)| zizunAga vaMza ke nau nanda rAjAoM ne rAjya kiyA / DiksanarI oNpha paoNlIpropara nemsa ke anusAra prAcInakAla meM magadha deza gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa meM vArANasI se muMgera taka phailA thA, isakI dakSiNI sImA dAmodara (damUda) nadI ke udgama sthAna karNa suvarNa (siMhabhUmi) taka mAnI jAtI thii| bauddhakAla meM magadha kI sImA pUrva meM campA nadI pazcima meM zoNa (sona) nadI, uttara meM gaMgA nadI aura dakSiNa meM vindhya parvata mAlA thii| 23 zakti-saMgama-taMtra meM magadha deza kI sImA - vistAra nimna prakAra kahA hai kAlezvaraM samArabhya taptakuNDAntakaM zive / magadhAkhyo kAlezvara kAla bhairava- nahi duSyati / artha- kAlezvara kAla bhairava vArANasI se salekara taptakuNDa sImA- kuNDa-muMgera taka magadha nAma mahA deza mAnA gayA hai|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina ne 'bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha' meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kA bhArata zIrSaka se eka nakzA prakAzita kiyA hai jo 500 I.pUrva kA hai| isa nakze ke anusAra gaMgA nadI ke uttara meM mithilA, videha, vaizAlI sthita hai aura gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNa meM pATilaputra, nAlaMdA, rAjagRha, magadha deza sthita hai| nakze meM usa samaya vidyamAna bhArata ke anya deza bhI darzAye gaye haiN| aMga janapada kI sImAoM ke bAre meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI kA yaha kathana mahatvapUrNa hai- 'campeya jAtaka (506) ke anusAra campAnadI aMga-magadha kI vibhAjaka prAkRtika sImA thI, jisake pUrva aura pazcima ye donoM janapada base hue the| aMga janapada kI pUrvI sImA rAjamahala kI pahAr3iyA~, uttarI sImA kosI nadI aura dakSiNa meM usakA samudra taka vistAra thaa|"26 sAMskRtika tIrtha kA udbhava videha-deza kI uparokta bhaugolika parisImA meM sthita aura, purAtattvIya, Agama evaM lokagItoM se pramANita 'vAsokuNDa- vaizAlI' kI DhAI bIghA ahalla pAvana bhUmi, jo sadiyoM se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma-bhUmi kahalAtI hai, para deza ratna mahAmahima prathama rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendra prasAda jI ne di. 23.4.1956 ko vizAla bhavya samAroha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra janma bhUmi smAraka-paTTa kA anAvaraNa kara bhArata ke sAMskRtika tIrtha ko rASTra ko samarpita kiyA aura zrAvaka zreSThi sAhU zAMti prasAda jI ke artha- sahayoga se sthApita hone vAle 'prAkRta jaina zAstra aura ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI' kA zilAnyAsa kiyaa| isa uddezya hetu sthAnIya sarvajAti ke mahAnubhAvoM ne nau ekar3a bhUmi dAna meM dekara udAratA drshaayii| licchavI gaNarAjya kI vibhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra mahAmahopAdhyAya paM. baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra 'vaizAlI meM aneka vibhUtiyA~ utpanna huii| parantu unameM sabase sundara vibhUti haiM- bhagavAna mahAvIra, jinakI prabhA Aja bhI bhArata ko camatkRta kara rahI hai| laukika-vibhUtiyA~ bhUtalazAyikI bana gaI, parantu yaha divya- vibhUti Aja bhI amara hai, aura Ane vAlI aneka zatAbdiyoM meM apanI zobhA kA isI prakAra vistAra karatI rhegii| bauddhadharma se jainadharma bahuta purAnA hai| isakA saMsthApana bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne kiyA thA, jainiyoM kI yahI mAnyatA hai| teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha vastutaH aitihAsika puruSa haiN| ve mahAvIra se lagabhaga do sau varSa pahale hue the| ve kAzI ke rahane vAle the| mahAvIra ne unake dharma meM parivartana kara use navIna rUpa pradAna kiyaa| bhArata kA pratyeka prAnta jainadharma kI vibhUtiyoM se maNDita hai| mahAvIra gautamabuddha ke samasAmayika the, parantu buddha ke nirvANa se pahile hI unakA parinirvANa ho gayA thaa| isa prakAra vaidikadharma se pRthak dharmoM ke saMsthApakoM meM mahAvIra varddhamAna hI prathama mAne jA sakate haiM, aura unakI janmabhUmi hone se vaizAlI kI paryApta-pratiSThA hai| vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI do kAraNoM se vikhyAta huI, prathama- licchavI gaNarAjya aura

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 31 vajjisaMgha ke sUtradhAra ke rUpa meM jisakA pradhAna uddezya thA svastha, sahaja sAmUhika jIvana ke prati apanApana isakI saphala pariNati thI gaNataMtra kI sthApanA aura dUsarA- mahAvIra varddhamAna kI divya vibhUti kA avataraNa jinakA udghoSa thA sarva jIvoM ko abhayadAna, ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM Atmagata svAvalambana se paramAtmatva kI prApti aura avirodhasahiSNu-samatAmUlaka- samAja kI sthaapnaa| ina donoM binduoM para vicAraNA apekSita hai| sarvaprathama mahAvIra- varddhamAna ke pitR aura mAtRkuloM kI pRSThabhUmi dekheNge| DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina ke matAnusAra 'bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pitA kA nAma nRpa siddhArtha thA aura bhagavAna kI mAtA kA nAma trizalA priyakAraNI vaizAlI ke vajjiyana rAjasaMgha ke pramukha rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thiiN| nRpa siddhArtha ke bAre meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki ve nAtha (jJAtR) vaMzIya kSatriyoM kI ora se vajjiyana rAjasaMgha meM sammilita the| ina jJAtRvaMzI kSatriyoM kI mukhya rAjadhAnI kuNDanagara thI, jo vaizAlI ke nikaTa avasthita thii| nRpa siddhArtha svayaM nAthavaMzIya (jJAtRvaMzIya) kAzyapagotrI kSatrI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra apane isa kSatriya vaMza- jJAtri athavA jJAtRvaMza ke kAraNa hI bauddha graMthoM meM nigraMtha nAtaputta ke nAma se ullikhita hue haiN| bhagavAna kA sukhakArI janma inhIM prakhyAta dampati ke yahAM kuNDanagara meM huA thaa|' nRpa siddhArtha jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| digambarAcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM mahAvIra varddhamAna ke jIvana-vRtta kA varNana kiyA hai| unake pitA nAthavaMzI rAjA siddhArtha videha-deza ke kuNDapura ke zAsaka the| unake mAtA kA nAma priyakAriNI (trizalA) thaa| mahAvIra ke garbha meM Ane ke chaha mAha pahale se siddhArtha ke AMgana meM pratidina sAr3he sAta karor3a ratnoM kI varSA hone lgii| mahAvIra kA janma caitra-zukla trayodazI ko huaa| devatAoM ne janmotsava mnaayaa| indra ne pAMDukazilA para bAlaka varddhamAna kA abhiSeka kiyaa| tIsa varSa taka varddhamAna kumAra avasthA meM rahe aura apane loka-dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karate rhe| pazcAt unheM pUrvabhava kA smaraNa huA aura unhoMne AtmakalyANa aura loka hitArtha vastra-AbhUSaNa utAra kA saMyama dhAraNa kiyA aura aMtara-bAhya se nirgrantha ho gye| usI samaya unheM mana:paryayajJAna utpanna huaa| prathama AhAra kUlagrAma ke rAjA kUla ke yahA~ huaa| varddhamAna ne bAraha varSa taka mauna Atma- sAdhanA kara kevalajJAna (divyajJAna) prApta kiyaa| ve sarvajJa ho gye| samavasaraNa sabhA ke mAdhyama se varddhamAna- mahAvIra ne 30 varSa taka jagata ke jIvoM ko jagata kI nityatA, AtmA kI svataMtratA, svAdhInatA aura paramAtmA banane kA upadeza diyaa| pazcAt 527 IsA pUrva bahattara varSa kI Ayu meM madhyama pAvA se parinirvANa huaa| mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA buddha ne bhI svIkAra kii| (mAjjhimanikAya 2/214) / mAtR kula ke bAre meM A. guNabhadra ne darzAyA hai ki 'siMdhyavAkhyaviSaye' nadI pradhAna deza kI vaizAlI nagarI ke rAjA ceTaka the, jo jinendra deva ke bhakta the| unakI rAnI kA nAma subhadrA thaa| ceTaka ke daza putra the| ina putroM ke sivAya sAta RddhiyoM ke samAna sAta putriyA~ thI, yathA-priyakAriNI, mRgAvatI, suprabhA, prabhAvatI, celakI, jyeSThA aura cndnaa| videha deza ke kuNDapura ke nAthavaMzI rAjA siddhArtha se priyakAriNI kA vivAha huaa| dazArNa

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 deza ke hemakaccha nagara ke sUryavaMzI rAjA dazaratha se suprabhA kA vivAha huaa| gAndhAra deza ke mahIpura nagara ke rAjA satyaka ne jyeSThA nAma kI putrI se vivAha kI yAcanA kI jise rAjA ceTaka ne asvIkAra kii| tadanaMtara kupita satyaka ne yuddha kiyA aura parAjita huaa| mAnabhaMga hone para satyaka ne digaMbara munirAja se dIkSA le lii| rAjagRhI kA rAjA zreNika celanA aura jyeSThA ke citroM para anurakta ho unase vivAha karane kA prastAva rAjA ceTaka ke samakSa rakhA jise ceTaka ne asvIkAra kiyaa| zreNika ke maMtriyoM ne zreNika ke putra abhayakumAra ko yaha bAta btaaii| rAjakumAra abhaya ne bodraka vyApArI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara rAjA ceTaka ke mahala meM praveza kiyA aura celanA tathA jyeSThA ko zreNika ke prati Asakta kara suraMga mArga se rAjagRhI laayaa| celanI kuTila thI usane jyeSThA ko AbhUSaNa lAne ke bahAne vApisa bheja diyA aura akelI rAjagRhI aayii| rAjA zreNika ne usase vivAha rcaayaa| celanI se ThagI gayI jyeSThA dukhI huI aura aMta meM apanI mAmI yazasvatI nAma kI AryikA ke pAsa dIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| candanA ke saundarya para mohita ho kara rAjA manovega vidyAdhara ne usakA apaharaNa kiyA aura patnI bhaya se use vana meM chor3a diyaa| eka kAlaka bhIla ne candanA ko siMha nAmaka bhIlarAjA ko sauMpa diyaa| bhIla rAjA ne candanA ko apane mitra mitravIra ko de dii| mitravIra ne bhArI dhana prApta kara apane svAmI seTha vRSabhasena (kauzAmbI) ko sauMpa dii| seTha kI patnI bhadrA ne candanA ko sAMkala se bAMdha kara baMdI gRha meM DAla diyaa| kisI samaya mahAvIra vahAM se AhAra hetu gamana kara rahe the| candanA ke mana meM unheM AhAra dene kI bhAvanA huii| vaha bhakti bhAvapUrvaka Age bddh'ii| Age bar3hate hI usakI sAMkala TUTa gayI aura AbhUSaNoM se usakA zarIra suMdara dikhane lgaa| caMdanA ne vidhipUrvaka munirAja mahAvIra ko paDagAhA aura AhAra diyaa| AhAra dAna ke prabhAva se devoM ne paMca-Azcarya kiye| mRgAvatI caMdanA ko apane mahala meM le gyii| tatpazcAt caMdanA ne AryikA dIkSA grahaNa kI aura mahAvIra ke caturvidha saMgha meM AryikA pramukha bniiN| digambara paramparAnusAra vaizAlI ke licchavI gaNarAjya ke adhipati ceTaka mahAvIra vardvamAna ke nAnA hote haiM aura magadhAdhipati zreNika bimbasAra unake mausA hote haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM videhdttaa|" unakI mAtA trizalA kA nAma thaa| yaha nAma unakI mAtA ko isalie prApta huA thA, kyoMki mAtA trizalA videha deza kI nagarI vaizAlI ke gaNasattAka rAjA ceTaka kI bahina thii| isa prakAra zvetAmbara paraMparA meM rAjA ceTaka mahAvIra ke mAmA hote haiN| AvazyakacUrNi' ke anusAra vaizAlI nagarI ke haihayavaMzI rAjA ceTaka kI vibhinna rAniyoM se sAta putriyAM huI, jisake nAma the- prabhAratI, padmAvatI, mRgAvatI, zivA, jyeSThA, sujyeSThA aura celnnaa| gilagiTa meM nArikrapTasa meM vaizAlI ke saMdarbha meM do kathAoM kA ullekha hai| pahalI kathA bimbasAra aura celanA ke vivAha kI hai| isameM ajAtazatru kI mAtA celanA ko licchaviyoM ke senApati siMha kI putrI aura bimbasAra ke mukhyamaMtrI gopA kI bhatIjI batAyA hai| dUsarI kathA meM AmrapAlI ko mahAnAma ke bhadra licchavI kI dattaka putrI batAyA hai jo bAda meM gaNikA bnii| AmrapAlI kA bimbasAra se saMparka huA aura usase abhayakumAra utpanna

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 33 itihAsatatvajJa mahodadhi vijayendra sUri ke anusAra 'mahAvIra svAmI ke kula cAturmAsoM meM se 19 cAturmAsa videha meM hue the- 12 cAturmAsa vaizAlI meM, 6 mithilA meM aura eka asthi gAMva (Adhunika 'hAthAgAMva) meN| ina cAturmAsoM se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke samaya mithilA nagara kI sattA to thI, para vaha pramukhatama nagara na thaa|' AcArya vijayendra sUri ke anusAra 'bhagavAna kA mukhya zrAvaka Ananda vaizAlI ke nikaTa sthita vANijyagrAma kA gRhapati thA aura vANijya grAma kA rAjA jitazatru bhI bhagavAna kA bhakta thaa|''bhgvaan apane kevalajJAna ke bAda eka bAra kuNDapura bhI Aye the| ApakI isa yAtrA meM RSabhadatta aura devAnandA ne dIkSA lI thii| magadharAja zreNika- biMbasAra, ajAtazatru aura rAjA ceTaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the| nau licchavi nau malla isa prakAra aThAraha kAzI-kauzala ke gaNarAjAoM ne milakara dIpa jyoti jalAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa mahotsava mnaayaa| isa prakAra ina gaNarAjAoM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake darzana/siddhAMtoM ke prati apanI agAdha zraddhA vyakta kii| dharmasaMgha aura gaNasaMgha kA milana adbhuta thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karmabaMdhana se mukti hetu samyakdarzana-jJAna-cAritra kI ekatA kA upadeza diyaa| isakI chApa vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke darzana, kAryapraNAlI aura lokajIvana meM spaSTa parilakSita hotI hai| vaizAlI gaNasaMgha kI zAsana sabhA samyakdarzana kI pratIka hai| nyAyAdhi kArI aura nyAyaprakriyA samyagjJAna kI pratIka hai aura vidhi-vidhAnoM ke kriyAnvayana kI paddhati-kAryapAlikA samyakcAritra kI pratIka hai| rAjA ceTaka aura siddhArtha Adi bhagavAna pArzva ke cAturmAgI mArga (ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha) ke anuyAyI the| mahAvIra ne paMcamavrata brahmacarya (zIla) kA upadeza diyaa| vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI meM Aja bhI paraMparAgata rUpa se parivAra meM koI eka brahmacArI hotA hai aura nAriyoM ko sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA hai| U~ca-nIca ke varga bheda kI bhAvanA kA vahAM abhAva hai| sarvodaya, pavitra-jIvana, avirodha aura sarvasahiSNutA ke tattva jana sAmAnya meM vidyamAna haiN| vahAM kI 'vathAna paraMparA' mahAvIra dvArA upadezita zreSTha zrAvaka kI dazamI pratimA anumati tyAga- kA sUcaka hai| vAsokuNDa- vaizAlI ke loka jIvana meM mahAvIra aura unake upadeza kI dharohara dainika jIvana meM parilakSita hotI hai| lokagIta aura kula gItoM meM mahAvIra kI vidyamAnatA itihAsa kI amUlya dharohara hai| isa uddezya hetu lekhaka kI kRti 'bhagavAna mahAvIra-janmabhUmi kA saca' paThanIya hai| vaizAlI (licchavI gaNarAjya) kA vaibhava evaM paraMparA mahAvIra- buddha, kAla meM bhArata ke solaha janapadoM meM bajji aura malla janapada kA ullekha huA hai| aura gyAraha gaNarAjyoM meM malla-pAvA, malla-kuzInArA, videha-mithilA, licchavI-vaizAlI aura nAya-(jJAtRka) vaizAlI kA ullekha huA hai| ina gaNarAjyoM meM licchavI vaizAlI atyaMta prabhAvI, samRddha aura zaktizAlI thaa| isa kA ullekha bauddha aura zvetAmbara, sAhitya meM huA hai| vaizAlI mahAtmA buddha ko atyaMta priya thI, yaha unakI

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34 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 karma-bhUmi thii| mahAvIra ke kAla meM vaizAlI licchavI gaNataMtra kI rAjadhAnI thii| gaNataMtra kA nAma bhI vaizAlI thaa| isake AdhIna 9 mallakI, 9 licchavI, kAzI-kauzala ke 18 gaNarAjA the| vaizAlI ke aMtargata 18 gaNarAjAoM kA ullekha kalpasUtra (sUtra 128) bhagavatI sUtra (zataka 7, uddezaka 9), nirayAvali, Avazyaka-cUrNi Adi graMthoM meM milatA hai| 38 yaha parAmarzadAtrI saMgha thA jisakA astitva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa taka thaa| nau licchavi kA saMgha 'vajjI saMgha' ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| isakI sthApanA videha ke rAjataMtra ke avasAna ke bAda huI thii| isa saMgha meM ATha kuloM ke nau gaNa the| videha, licchavi, jJAtRka, vRji, ugra, bhoga kaurava aura ikSvAku- ina ATha kA nAma milatA hai| nauvA~ kula jJAta nahIM hai| isa saMgha ko 'vajjiyoM kA aSTakula' yA licchavi saMgha' kahA jAtA thaa| ye sabhI kula licchavi the| inameM jJAtRvaMzI pradhAna the| ve kAzyaSa gotrI the| eka pradhAna gaNapati yA rAjapramukha hotA thaa| usa samaya ceTaka vajjisaMgha ke pramukha the aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| videhoM kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI mithilA thI jo vaizAlI ke gaNataMtra meM samAhita ho gyii| vaizAlI ne kaba aura kisa prakAra gaNataMtra apanAyA? DaoN. hemacandra rAya caudharI ne mithilA" meM rAjataMtra se prajAtaMtra meM parivartana hone kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| itanA saca hai ki licchavI-prajAtaMtra kA janma buddha ke bahuta pahale ho cukA thaa| buddha ne svayaM vajjiyoM kI bahuta pahale se AtI huI prAcIna saMsthAoM kI prazaMsA khule zabdoM meM kI hai| prAcIna hindU zAstroM ke anusAra vaizAlI kI sthApanA rAjA vizAla ne kI thii| vizAla ikSvAku kA putra thaa| rAjA vizAla kA gar3ha abhI bhI apane purAtana vaibhava kI smRtiyA~ saMjoye jamIMdoja rUpa meM basAr3ha meM vidyamAna hai| bauddhagraMthoM ke anusAra tIna bAra nagara ko vizAla karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma vaizAlI pdd'aa| yaha mohaka nAma prajAtaMtra kA Adya- nagara hone ke kAraNa prasiddha huaa| usa samaya vaizAlI samRddhizAlI , bahuta manuSyoM se bharI, anna-pAna-saMpanna thii| usameM 7777 prAsAda, 7777 kUTAgAra (koThe) 7777 ArAma (udyAnagRha) aura 7777 puSkariNiyA~ thiiN|" DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne 7707 kA ullekha kiyA hai| tibbatI paraMparAnusAra vaizAlI nagarI meM 7000 sone ke kalaza vAle mahala, 14000 cAMdI ke kalaza vAle mahala tathA 21000 tAMbe ke kalaza vAle mahala the| ye tIna parakoTa se ghire the| unake dvAra pRthak-pRthak the aura surakSA- TAvara se saMpanna the| ina mahaloM meM kramazaH uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya kuloM ke licchavI nivAsa karate the| mahAvastu graMtha ke anusAra vaizAlI ke nAgarika do zreNI ke the, abhyaMtara- vaizAlika aura baahy-vaishaalik| unakI kula saMkhyA 84,000 se duganI 1,68,000 thii| vaizAlI kA vaibhava deva nagarI jaisA bhavya, manamohaka thaa| vahAM ke nAgarika Atma-saMyamI, utsava aura kalA priya the| apane kartavyoM aura gaNataMtra ke hitoM ke prati sajaga rahate the| Agama graMthoM ke anusAra 'vaizAlI' tIna bhAgoM yA jiloM meM vibhakta thI- vaizAlI, kuNDagrAma aura vaannijygraam| ye tInoM hI nagara bhinna-2 the| yaha eka dUsare se kitanI dUra

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 the- isakA kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| vaizAlI gaNataMtra kI eka viziSTa paraMparA thii| jaba bhI koI licchavI kumAra apane pitA kA pada gaNarAjya- sattA me grahaNa karatA thA taba kevala eka bAra 'abhiSeka -puSkariNI' ke jala se usakA abhiSeka kiyA jAtA thaa| isake jala ko rAjAoM ke atirikta dUsarA koI chU bhI nahIM sakatA thaa| usakI rakSA ke liye kar3A paharA rahatA thaa| Upara lohe kI jAlI lagI thI, tAki ur3ate pakSI taka usameM coMca na Dubo skeN| vaizAlI meM agaNita caitya gRha yA pUjA sthala the| unameM mukhya the- udena caitya, gotamaka caitya, sattamvaka caitya, bahuputtaka caitya, sAradanda caitya, cApAla caitya, vApinahaya caitya, markaTahadatIra caitya, mukuTabandhana caitya aadi| vaizAlI meM dhArmika sahiSNutA thii| jainadharma aura bauddhadharma donoM pallavita the| vaidika dharmAnuyAyI bhI the| A. vijayendra sUri ke anusAra "buddha ke kAla meM vaizAlI zramaNa-nigraMthoM kA eka bar3A sudRr3ha kendra thaa| yaha bAta na kevala jaina graMthoM se, varan bauddhagraMthoM se bhI pramANita hai| mahAvastu meM kathA AtI hai ki ghara chor3akara vairAgya lene ke bAda buddha vaizAlI meM ArAlakAlAma ke pAsa bhI Aye the, jo jaina thaa| aMguttara nikAya kI manoratha pUraNI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki buddha ke cAcA vappa svayaM jaina the|''42 vaizAlI (licchavI gaNataMtra) kI prajAtaMtrIya kArya-praNAlI ___mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kI adhyakSatA meM di. 21/4/48 ko caturtha vaizAlI mahotsava saMpanna huA thaa| unhoMne apane adhyakSIya bhASaNa meM vaizAlI ke prajAtaMtra kI vizeSatAoM aura bauddha bhikSu saMgha para usake prabhAva kI vistRta, sasaMdarbha jAnakArI dI thI, jo mulataH paThanIya hai| usake AdhAra para ati saMkSepa meM usakA vivaraNa prastuta haividhAyikA gaNoM kI sarvopari zAsana-sabhA yA pArliyAmenTa ko saMsthA kahA jAtA thA jahA~ saMsthA kI baiThaka huA karatI thI, use saMsthAgAra (saMthAgAra) kahA jAtA thaa| saMsthAgAroM meM bajjI sabhA karate the| rAjakAja aura vidhAna kI bAteM kara nirNaya lete the| rAka rAya yA bahumata se nirNaya karate the| ina saMsthAoM kI kArya praNAlI kaisI thI usakA koI sAkSAta pramANa nahIM hai| buddha ne apane bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA inhIM saMgha rAjyoM ke namUne se kI thii| isaliye isa viSaya meM bhikSu saMgha ke vidhAna (vinaya-niyamoM) se hama samajha sakate haiM ki saMgha rAjyoM meM kisa taraha saMsthA kAma karatI thii| tripiTaka me gaNarAjya ko 'saMgha' zabda se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| saMsthA kI baiThaka saMsthA-rAja yA uparAja kI adhyakSatA meM hotI thiiN| koI bhI prastAva AtA to use yAcanA kahA jAtA thaa| vinaya piTaka ke anusAra yAcanA, jJapti, anuzrAvaNa, dhAraNA kI prakriyA ke mAdhyama se sarva sammata nirNaya hotA yA matadAna hotA thA, jise chanda zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| vaizAlI ke prajAtaMtra ke itihAsa-bhavana ke avazeSa hama surakSita nahIM rakha sake, samudra pAra siMhala aura cIna ke logoM ne surakSita rkhaa|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kAryapAlikA licchaviyoM ke mukhya adhikArI the-saMsthA-rAja, (rAjA), uparAjA, senApati, aSTakulika, vyavahArAdika, vinizcaya mahAmAtya aadi| rAjA aura uparAja, rASTrapati aura uparASTrapati kahA jAtA thaa| nyAyapAlikA vaizAlI prajAtaMtra kI nyAya-vyavasthA ke vyavasthita svarUpa kA jJAna dIghanikAya kI aSTakathA' se milatI hai| "paraMparA se calA AyA vajjidharma yaha thA ki vajji ke zAsaka 'yaha cora hai, aparAdhI hai' na kahakara AdamI ko vinizcaya-mahAmAtya (nyAyAdhIza) ke hAtha meM de dete the| vaha vicAra karatA, aparAdhI na hone para chor3a detA, aparAdhI hone para apane kucha na kaha kara vyavahArika (nyAyAdhyakSa) ko de detaa| ...... vaha bhI aparAdhI jAnane para sUtradha ra ko de detaa| ....... vaha bhI vicAra kara niraparAdha hone para chor3a detA, aparAdhI hone para aSTa kulika ko de detaa| vaha bhI vaisA hI karake senApati ko, senApati uparAja (upAdhyakSa) ko aura uparAja rAjA (gaNapati) ko de detaa| rAjA vicAra kara yadi aparAdhI na hotA to chor3a detA aura aparAdhI hone para praveNi-pustaka (daNDavidhAna) bNcvaataa| praveNi-pustaka meM likhA rahatA, ki amuka aparAdha kA amuka daNDa hai| aparAdha ko usase milA kara daNDa diyA jaataa|" 'vaizAlI-gaNataMtra' nAmaka Alekha meM zrI rAjamala jaina ne vaizAlI- gaNataMtra kA varNana sAMgopAga saMdarbha sahita kiyA hai, jijJASujana usase jJAna vRddhi kara sakate haiN| sudRr3ha rASTrarakSA loka-sarvekSaNa ke samaya zrIrAma nareza siMha, bhU.pU. vidhAyaka, vaizAlI ne batAyA ki licchavI- jana gaNarAjya kI rakSA-surakSA ke prati jAgarUka the| unake pAsa ratha-mUsala brahmAstra thA jo sArathI rahita thaa| jaba bhI koI zatru gaNarAjya kI sImA meM praveza karatA usakI sUcanA ghaMTe kI TaMkAra se sabako mila jAtI thii| usa sthAna ko ghaMTAroM kahA jAtA vajji saMgha ke sAta apArihArika....... dIgha nikAya" meM vajjisaMgha ke sAta sUtroM kA varNana bhagavAna buddha aura unake pradha na ziSya AnaMda ke madhya hue vArtAlApa se udbhUta hue| ye sUtra vajjisaMgha kI saphalatA aura samRddhi ke sUtra haiN| bhagavAna buddha ne inhIM sUtroM ke AdhAra para bhikSu saMgha kI sthApanA kii| jaina aura bauddha sAhitya kI anuzrutiyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bimbasAra- zreNika putra ajAtazatru (kuNika) vaizAlI gaNataMtra kI samRddhi se IrSyA karatA thA aura apanI sAmrAjyavAdI pravRtti ke kAraNa vaizAlI apane rAjya meM sammilita kara lenA cAhatA thaa| usane brAhyaNa maMtrI varSakAra ko buddha ke pAsa Toha lene aura prastAvita AkramaNa ke viSaya meM buddha kI sammati lene bhejaa| usa samaya buddha magadha ke aMtima varSAvAsa ke samaya rAjagRhI ke pAsa

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 gRddhakUTa zikhara meM Thahare hue the| buddha ne AnaMda se praznottara karate hue kahA ki jaba taka vajjiyoM meM nimnalikhita sAta bAteM milegI, vajjiyoM kA abhyudaya hogA, hAni nahIM (1) jaba taka vajji apanI pariSada kI baiThakeM bharapUra rUpa se bAra-bAra karate hai| (2) jaba taka ve milakara baiThate-uThate aura apane vRjikAryoM (rASTrIya kAryoM) ko milakara karate haiN| (3) jaba taka ve ucita vidhi (prosIjara) ke binA koI kAnUna jArI nahIM karate, vidhipUrvaka banAye kAnUna kA ullaMghana kara koI kArya nahIM karate aura vajjiyoM kI vidhipUrvaka bane kAnUna se sthApita prAcIna saMsthAoM ke anukUla AcaraNa karate haiN| (4) jaba taka ve apane vRddhoM aura guruoM kA sammAna karate, Adara satkAra karate, unheM mAnate-pUjate aura sunane lAyaka bAtoM ko sunate-mAnate aura tadanukUla AcaraNa karate haiM; (5) jaba taka ve apanI kula-striyoM aura kula-kumAriyoM para jora-jabaradastI kara unheM nahIM rokate yA una para atyAcAra nahIM krte| (6) jaba taka ve apane vRji-caityoM (jAtIya maMdiroM aura smArakoM) kA Adara-satkAra aura mAna karate tathA unako pahale se dI gayI dharmAnukUla bali (car3hAvA-pUjAvA) kA apaharaNa nahIM karate, use nahIM chudd'aate| (7) jaba taka ve apane ahaMtoM kI zaraNa, rakSA aura poSaNa kA ucita prabandha karate hai........ taba taka vajjiyoM kI vRddhi hI hogI, hAni nhiiN| ukta sAta dharmoM meM prathama tIna dharma svarUpa prajAtAMtrika vyavasthA ke AdhAra haiN| vRddhoM aura nAriyoM kA sammAna (dharma 4-5) vaizAlI kI ucca saMskRti bhAvanA kI pratIka hai| aMtima do vaizAlI vAsiyoM kI dhArmika sahiSNutA, udAratA aura avirodha kA sUcaka hai| bhagavAna buddha kI ukta bAteM sunakara catura varSakAra maMtrI samajha gayA ki kisI bhI jAti yA samUha ko kevala bAharI bhautika zakti se vijita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| use ajAtazatru se kuTila maMtraNA kii| rAjagRhI se use niSkAsita kara diyaa| vaizAlI meM usane zaraNa lI aura dhIre-dhIre licchaviyoM meM phUTa aura avizvAsa ke bIja bo diye| licchaviyoM kI ekatA meM grahaNa lgaa| ajAtazatru ne pATalIputra meM abhedya mahala banavAyA aura vaizAlI para AkramaNa kara nirmamatA pUrvaka gaNataMtra ko dhvasta kara magadha rAjya meM vilIna kara liyaa| yaha ghaTanA buddhanirvANa ke tIna varSa bAda kI hai| prajAtaMtra kA cirAga, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kA divyAvadAna- likSchaviyoM/ vajjiyoM kA gaNataMtra-bhArata bhU meM lupta ho gayA, jo 2500 varSoM bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra kI ahiMsA, sahanazIlatA aura satya ke siddhAntoM para Adha rita asahayoga AMdolana kI saphala pariNati ke rUpa meM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ke netRtva meM 15 agasta, 1947 ko punaH avatarita huaa| dhanya hai vajjiyoM kA gaNataMtra, dhanya hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ahiMsA-satya kA siddhAMta, dhanya hai ve bhAratavAsI jinhoMne jIvana kA balidAna kara prajAtaMtra ke cirAga ko punaH jalAyA aura vizva ko gaNataMtrIya bhAvanAoM kI saphalatA

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38 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kA saMdeza diyaa| namanIya hai- bhArata kA saMvidhAna jisakI mUla prati ke pRSTha para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA citra aura ahiMsA kA yogadAna aMkita hai|48 mahAtmA buddha : vaizAlI gaNarAjya kA bauddhabhikSu-saMgha-zvasthA meM yogadAna : mahAtmA buddha kA janma kapilavastu ke zAkya rAjA zuddhodhana ke yahA~ huaa| unakI mAtA kA nAma mAyA thaa| unakA pUrA nAma thA-siddhArtha gautm| ve janma se hI karuNApUrNa the| unakA vivAha yazodharA nAma kI sundarI se huaa| rAhula nAma kA putra bhI huaa| zAzvata sukha kI khoja meM tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM eka rAtri meM gRha tyAga diyaa| AdhyAtmika guru kI khoja meM ve vaizAlI aaye| mahAvastu graMtha ke anusAra vaizAlI meM unhoMne AlAra kAlAma jaina-mahAyogI ko apanA guru banAyA aura yogavidyA siikhii| mahAparinirvANa sutta (4,35) ke anasAra AlAra kAlAma, jaba dhyAna magna hote the taba mArga meM jAtI huI 500 bailagAr3iyA~ bhI unheM dikhAyI nahIM detI thI aura na ve unakI AvAja suna pAte the| buddha ke dUsare guru mahAyogI udraka rAmaputra the| buddha ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke saMpradAya meM dIkSA lI thii| kaThora tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa evaM nirbala aura haDDI ke DhAMce mAtra jaise ho gaye the| bauddha graMtha majjhimanikAya, mahAsIhanAda sutta-12 meM buddha kI zramaNacaryA kA sajIva varNana hai| AcArya devasena kRta darzanasAra, zloka 6 se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai| zloka isa prakAra hai siripAsaNAhatitthe sarayUtIre plaasnnyrttho| pihiyAsavassa sisso mahAsudo buddddhkittgunnii|| artha-zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke tIrthakAla meM sarayU nadI ke kinAre palAza nagara meM virAjamAna zrI pihitAsrava muni kA ziSya buddhakIrti muni huaa| buddhakIrti muni tathAgata buddha kA pUrva nAma hai| vaizAlI ko AMkha bhara kara dekha apane priya ziSya se kahA- AnaMda! tathAgata (buddha) yaha aMtima bAra vaizAlI kA darzana kara rahA hai|"52 usa dayAmUrti ke hRdayodgAra the-"AnaMda! ramaNIya hai vaizAlI, ramaNIya hai usakA udayana caitya, gotamaka-caitya, saprabhaka-caitya bahuputraka-caitya, saarNdd-caity|" ambapAlI vana meM upasthita vaizAlI vAsI licchaviyoM ko dekhakara buddha ne kahA thA- "dekho bhikSuo! licchaviyoM kI pariSada ko, dekho bhikSuoM! isa licchavi-pariSada ko trAyAstriMsa (devatAoM) kI pariSada smjho|"53 cApala-caitya meM buddha ne I.pU. 482 kI mAgha-pUrNimA ke Asa-pAsa kahA thA- 'Aja se tIna mAsa bAda tathAgata kA nirvANa hogaa|' yaha saMbodhana unhoMne zaitAna 'mAra' ko kiyaa| kuzInagara meM buddha kA nirvANa huaa| buddha nirvANa (483 IsA pUrva) ke tIsa sAla bAda magadhAdhipati ajAtazatru ne vaizAlI ko dhvasta kara diyA aura vaha magadha ke rAjataMtra ke AdhIna ho gyii| bauddhadharma ke itihAsa kI kaI smRtiyA~ vaizAlI se jur3I haiN| vaizAlI nagara ke uttara-pUrva kI tarapha mahAvana yA zAlavana nAmaka eka Azrama thaa| usake adhipati gozrRMgI

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 ne use buddhadeva ko dAna meM de diyaa| isa Azrama meM eka do maMjilA kUTAgArazAlA banavAyI gayI jisameM buddha prAyaH rahate the| dUsare vaizAlI kI gaNikA aniMdya sundarI ambapAlI ne eka bAra buddha ko bhojana hetu AmaMtrita kiyA aura dakSiNA ke rUpa meM 'AmrakAnana' bheMTa kara diyaa| vaha bhI bauddha bhikSuNI bana gyii| tIsarI ghaTanA thI striyoM ko saMgha meM praveza karane kI anumati dene kii| unakI dhAtRmAtA gotamI saMgha meM praveza cAhatI thii| prAraMbha meM buddha ne anumati nahIM dii| AnaMda ke anurodha para vaizAlI meM buddha ne gotamI ko saMgha meM sammilita kara nayA kArya kiyA aura bhikSuNI saMgha bnaa| buddha ne bhaviSyavANI kI- 'he AnaMda! agara nArI jAti ko gRhasthAzrama tyAga karake sanyAsa Azrama meM praveza karane kI AjJA na dI jAtI to tathAgata dvArA pratiSThita pavitra dharma eka hajAra varSa kAyama rhtaa| magara cUMki strIjAti ko saMgha meM praveza karane kI AjJA dI gayI hai, isa kAraNa se hamArA yaha pavitra dharma aba kevala pAMca sau varSa taka hI jIvita rhegaa| itihAsa kI trAsadI, cInI yAtrI huenasAMga (637-639I.) jaba vaizAlI AyA taba vaha nagarI ujAr3a ho cukI thii| saMghArAma dhvasta ho cuke the| hA~ jaina acchI saMkhyA meM the| jainoM ke vaizAlI meM acchI saMkhyA pAye jAne kA yaha AkhirI pramANa hai| bArahavIM sadI ke aMta meM vaizAlI para musalamAnoM kA adhikAra ho gyaa| licchavIgaNa-saMgha kA bauddha-saMgha para prabhAva: bhikSu-saMgha kI kArya-paddhati licchavIgaNataMtra ke AdhAra para banI hai| bhikSusaMgha meM prastAva rakhane aura use pArita karavAne kI vahI vidhi apanAyI gayI jo licchavigaNataMtra kI thii| isakA varNana vinaya-piTaka (cullavAga 4/3/5) meM upalabdha hai| licchavigaNataMtra meM vajjiyoM ke 'aSTakula' sammilita the, buddha ne bhI apane madhyamamArga meM aSTaaMga nirdhArita kiye; yathA-samyakdRSTi samyaksaMkalpa, samyak vacana, samyak karmAnta, samyak AjIva, (AjIvikA), samyaka vyAyAma, samyaka smRti aura samyaka samAdhiA magadharAja ke brAhmaNa maMtrI varSakAra ko buddha ne licchavigaNarAjya ke sAta aparihArya dharma batAe the, jo vaizAlI ke vinAza ke bhI nimitti bne| varSakAra ke cale jAne para buddha ne AnaMda se kahA- "rAjagRha ke nikaTa rahane vAle saba bhikSuoM ko ikaTThA kro|" taba unhoMne bhikSu-saMgha ke liye sAta dharma kA vidhAna kiyaa| unameM prathama cAra dharma licchavidharma ke anurUpa the aura aMtima tIna lobha se virati saMyama aura mana ke saMyama tathA sadasaMgati se saMbandhita the| vipazyanA (dekhanA) dhyAna paddhati jaina dhyAna yoga kA rUpAMtarita rUpa hai| buddha kI yaha guNagrAhakatA aura buddhi kA vaiziSTya thA jo unhoMne vinA kisI Agraha ke licchavigaNataMtra kI vidhi-padvati ko bhikSu-saMgha kI padvati ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra loka kalyANa evaM gaNataMtra kI pAvana bhAvanAoM se otaprota the, unhoMne use puSTa kiyA aura 'tIna ratna', sAta tattva, chahadravya ke tAttvika aura dArzanika ciMtana dvArA vicAroM meM anekAnta, vANI meM syAdvAda aura AcaraNa meM ahiMsAdi pAMca vratoM ke AcaraNa kA upadeza dekara Atmazuddhi, samatA, saMtoSa, samAnatA aura samanvaya ke zAzvata sUtra diye| donoM vibhUtiyoM ko nmn|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 upasaMhAra : ___ aDhAI hajAra varSa pUrva jabaki vizva meM rAjataMtra aura sAmrAjyavAdI pravRtti kI dhUma thI, bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI ceTaka dvArA licchavI gaNataMtra kI sthApanA kara 'nijI jIvana kI pAvanatA ke sAtha sAmUhika jIvana ke prati apanApana aura loka kalyANa kI navIna zAsana paddhati kA Adarza prastuta kiyaa| usa samaya unhoMne yaha kalpanA bhI nahIM kI hogI ki bIsavIM sadI meM usa prajAtaMtra (gaNataMtra) kI dhUma vizva meM hogii| gautama buddha ko bhikSu-saMgha kI kArya-praNAlI evaM jIvana zuddhi kA mArga bhI usase prabhAvita hai| isa dRSTi se, bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kA gaNataMtra jJAna, karma, zraddhA tathA dharma-saMgha kI vyavasthA kA Thosa AdhAra banA jo vizva ko abhibhUta kiye haiN| itanA hI nahIM" bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tattva ciMtana, vizva kI dArzanika vyAkhyA, AdhyAtmikatA, ahiMsA-aparigraha kI avadhAraNA Adi aise ghaTaka haiM jo mAnavIya jIvana ke utthAna aura niHzreyas kI prApti ke vyavahArika sUtra sadAkAla sahAyaka evaM phalIbhUta hoNge| hameM buddha-samAna unmukta hvadaya se licchavigaNataMtra evaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke amUlya divyAvadAna kA abhinaMdana kara use mAnyatA pradAna karanA caahie| isake mUlyAMkana hetu dezaratna mahAmahima DaoN. rAjendra prasAda jI kI bhAvanAoM ko uddhRta karanA samIcIna hogA, jo aneka etihAsika tathyoM ko svataH prakaTa karatA hai| "(vaizAlI) yaha nagarI licchaviyoM aura vajjiyoM ke gaNarAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| prAcInakAla meM gaNarAjya athavA prajAtaMtra kA yaha sthAna prasiddha kendra thaa| eka samaya thA jaba isa bhUmi meM kisI rAjA kA zAsana nahIM thA, janatA ke sAta hajAra se adhika pratinidhi sArA rAja-kAla calAte the aura nyAya kA vidhAna itanA sundara thA ki svayaM bhagavAna buddha ne apane mukha se usakI prazaMsA kI thii| nizcita hI loka zAsana kI sArI cetanA vahA~ mUrtarUpa se dekhI jAtI thiiN| isake atirikta vaizAlI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai aura bhagavAna buddha ko bhI bahuta priya thii|" mAnavIya stara para koI choTA yA bar3A nahIM hotaa| sabhI kA apanA- apanA mUlya aura mahatva hotA hai, phira bhI jisakA jo yogadAna hai, usakA usa rUpa meM mUlyAMkana karanA hamAre udAtta aura niSpakSa soca kI aMtaraMga abhivyakti hai| isa dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI aura usakI gaNarAjyIya/prajAtaMtrIya paddhati ko namana kara zraddhA sumana arpita kareM aura abhinaMdana kreN| aisA koI bhI prayAsa jo isa mahAsatya ko AvRta karatA ho, nizcita hI hamArI saMkIrNa, ekAMgI-AgrahI evaM sAmrAjyavAdI soca ko pratidhvanita kregaa| sAMskRtika-tIrtha vAsokuNDa-vaizAlI aura gaNataMtrIya soca kA prakAza stambha jayavanta ho aura yugoM-yugoM taka mAnava-samAja ko Alokita kreN| saMdarbha : 1. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara (kavitA) Homage to Vaishali 2nd edition, 1985, pR. 299 (vaizAlI abhinaMdana graMtha) 2. AcArya guNabhadraH uttara purANa parva 74 zloka 251-252 pR. 460 vahI, parva 75 zloka

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 7-8 pR. 482 3. (a) DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsalaH bha0 mahAvIra janmabhUti kA saca, pR. 96 (a) Vaishali Institute Research Bulletin No. 19, 2006, Page 7 4. DaoN. jayakumAra jaina jalaja, samanvayavANI(patrikA) di. 16 se 31akTU08, pR. 18 5. vIra senAcArya, dhavalA TIkA, khaNDapa, pustaka 9: 4-1-44 pRSTha 121 6. AcArya dAmanandi, purANasAra saMgraha-2, vardhamAna caritra, 4/1, pR. 188 paM. AzAdhara jI, triSadhi smRtizAstra, 24/24, pR. 153 yAkovI, sekreDa buka oNpha IsTa, pR. 256 evaM cimanalAla jaicaMda zAha, uttara bhArata meM jainadharma, pR. 78 tathA kalpasUtra 5/11 9. AcArAMga, 2-15 sUtra 746 (vyAvara saMskaraNa) 10. AcArya jinasena AdipurANa bhAga-1, parva 16, zloka 152-156 pR. 359-360 11. AcArya jinasena AdipurANa bhAga-1, bhaugolika zabda sUci pR. 648, 651-52 12. hindu sivilAijesana, kaoNgmenasagrIna eNDa kaM. laMdana, pR.180, evaM nakzA pR. 173 13. aMguttara nikAya, 1/213, 4/252, 4/256 evaM 4/260 ukta 13 ke anusAra pR. 181 (bhagavatI-15) 15. ukta 13 ke anusAra pR. 196 evaM 201 16. paM. sumeru candra divAkara, mahAzramaNa mahAvIra, pRSTha 113-120 Bihar through the eyes, Page-51 18. pro. DaoN. RSabhacandra jaina, bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma sthAna, pR. 14 19. bRhad viSNupurANa, mithilAmAhAtmya, 2/5, 10-12 alekjeMDara kaniMghama, da esiyenTa jyogrAphI oNpha iMDiyA, (I.1871) pR. 373, 381 kramAMka 20 ke anurupa, huAna sAMga kA yAtrAvRtta, (637-639e.DI.) kA nakzA The Geographical Dictonary of Ancient and Mediaeval India (first Published in 1927) 23. Dictionary of Paliproper names, Part-2, page-403, (kramAMka 18 ke pRSTha 14 se uddhRta) 24. zakti-saMgama-taMtra, 3-7-10 25. DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina, bhArata ke jaina prAcIna tIrtha (1952) pRSTha 17 mAnacitra 26. DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata pR. 44-45 27. 'prAkRta-vidyA', vaizAlika-mahAvIra-vizeSAMka, janavarI-jUna, 2002 pR. 91 28. bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA tatvadarzana (bha. mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha) pR. 474 29. uttara purANa, parva 75, zloka 251-252, 262-267, 271, 318-322, 348-352, 353, 379-385 30. uttara purANa, parva 75, zloka 3-14, 23-34, 35, 36-41, 56-59, 64-66 22.

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 ___31. AcArAMga sUtra patra 389 meM pATha isa prakAra hai- 'samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa amarA vAsidassaguttA tIse NaM tAnni nA., taM.- tisalA i vA videhadinna, ivA piyakAriNAM i vaa|" 32. Avazyaka cUrNi (pUrva bhAga) patra 245 meM pATha isa prakAra hai| 'bhagavatI mAyA ceDagassa bhaNiNI, bhI (jA) yo ceDagassa chuuyaa|' arthAta bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA ceTaka kI bahina thI aura bhaujAI ceTaka kI putrI thii| 33. Avazyaka cUrNi (uttara bhAga) pa. 164 34. Gilgiat Manuscripts, Vol. III, Part-2, Page 1-15 & 16-22 (hom age to vaisali, page 319 35. 'jaina dRSTikoNa se vaizAlI, 'vaizAlI abhinaMdana graMtha pR. 261 36. vaizAlI, jainadharma aura jainadharma, vaizAlI abhinaMdana graMtha , pR. 164 37. (a) mahAvIrassa ammAniyaro paasaavaaccigjaa...aadi| AcArAMga, zrutaskaMdha, sUtra 187 pR. 422 / rAkovI, sekreDa buka oNpha i IsTa, pR. 194 (ba) evaM DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina, bhAratIya itihAsa eka dRSTi, pR. 48 A. vijayandra sUri, vaizAlI, jaina dharma aura darzana- pRSTha-162 39. DaoN. eca. sI. rAya caudharI, poliTIkala hisTrI oNpha aiMDiyaNTa iMDiyA, pR. 52-53 ke. pI. jAyasavAla, hindU paoNliTI, pR. 48 aMguttara nikAya adukathA 2/4/5 (Homage to Vaisali, Page 45) (mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana kA anuvAda) AcArya vijayendra sUri, Homage to vaishali, page-164 'vaizAlI kA prajAtaMtra'- Homage to vaishali, page-39 44. majjhimanikAya 1/4/5 pR. 140 dIghanikAya- mahAparinibbANa sutta, pR. 118 46. vaizAlI gaNataMtra, prAkRta vidyA, janavarI-jUna, 2002, vaizAlika mahAvIra - vizeSAMka pR.71-72 47. dIghanikAya- bhAga-2, mahAparinirvANa sutta, adhyAya-eka evaM jayadeva vidyAlaMkAra, Homage to vaishali, page-28 bhArata kA saMvidhAna mUla hastAkSarita prati kA pRSTha 63 para jainadharma ke 24veM tIrthakara ke citra ke nIce nimna garimAmaya vAkya aMkita hai"caubIsaveM tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra dhyAna mudrA meM (bhAratIya saMvidhAna meM utkIrNita lekha-prati kA nidarzana) jaina mata AdhyAtmika punarjAgaraNa kI eka viziSTa dhArA hai, joki manuSya ke AcArA-vicAra ko udAtta banAne ke sAtha-sAtha isakI prApti ke lie ahiMsA para bala detI hai| yahI ahiMsA mahAtmA gA~dhI ke hAthoM briTiza sAmrAjya se rAjanaitika saMgharSa karane meM sazakta astra bnii|" 49. mahAvastu (11,118) 50. (a) DaoN. rAdhA kumuda mukarjI, Homage to vaishali, page-7 (mUla aMgrejI agale pRSTha para hai) 48.

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 ___43 (ba) bhikSu jagadIza kazyapa, Homage to vaishali, page-74 (sa) lalita vistara graMtha (da) majjhiya nikAyaH mahAsIhanAda sutta 48-50 "There Buddha found his teacher Alar Kalama, a native of vaishali accoding to Mahavasta (IL,118) Aalar was so advanced in meditation that sitting on the road, he did not hear or see even 500 carts ratting post him mahapasinibha nasuttanta (IV,35).Mrs Rhys Davids has also reorded her conclasion that the Buddha found his first two teachers, Alar and Uddaka, at vaishali and evenstarted his veligious life as a Jain under their teachings, A support for one Buddha's Jain beginngings may be found in the fact that he vave hisself up to a course of austervities associated with Jainism by which he reduced hemself to a nere skeleton, skin cendlones by witmately him his food to the quanity that could he hold in his holdwood palne, in a manner of a good Jain like Mahavira. As iseel known, his health was not equeal to othis extreme of nortitecation, then he parted company with Jainism and discovered for himself the Middle-park, for which Buddissm is known the path that was between the two esxtremes of self forture and self indulgance. Dr. Radha Kumud Mookerji M.A.PH.D.RP.R.S. Homage to vaishali, page-7) 51. vaizAlI kA prajAtaMtra, Homage tovaishali, page-39-40 52. dIghanikAya (mahAparinibbANasutta) aTThakathA pR.133 53. vahI pRSTha 11 54. pro. o. pI. gAMgulI kolakAtA, Homage to vaishali, page 21-22 55. (a) vi. za. himAMzu, buddhakAla kI 'vaizAlI- buddhimtara kAla kI vaizAlI- pR.15 (ba) vaizAlI patha pradArzikA pR.11 56. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa pUrva pIThikA, pR. 113 57. prAkRta sAhitya aura vaizAlI, Homage to vaishali, page 102 - bI-369, o.pI.ema. kAlonI, amalAI jilA- zahaDola (ma.pra.)

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kAlalabdhi __-mUlacanda luhAr3iyA tattvArtha sUtra meM kAla dravya kA varNana paMcama adhyAya meM AyA hai| kintu kAla dravya kI bAta adhyAya ke lagabhaga aMta meM 39 veM "kAlazca" sUtra meM kahI hai| sUtrakAra ko ajIva dravyoM ke nAma aura lakSaNa to prAraMbha meM hI batA denA cAhie thaa| ajIva astikAya rUpa cAra dravyoM ke pazcAt "jIvAzca" sUtra ke Age pIche hI "kAlazca" sUtra meM A jAnA cAhie thaa| parantu anya ajIva dravyoM kA varNana karane ke bAda aMta meM 39veM sUtra jAkara "kAlazca" sUtra ke dvArA kAla dravya varNana kiyA gayA hai| pahale kyoM nahIM kiyA? isI prakAra tattvArtha bhASya meM "kAlazca" ke sthAna para "kAlazcetyeke" sUtra AyA hai| tattvArtha bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki koI loga kAla ko dravya mAnate haiM, ve svayaM nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne tattvArtha bhASya meM jahAM bhI dravyoM kA kathana AtA hai vahAM vahAM pAMca astikAyoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai aura loka ko paMcAstikAyAtmaka batalAyA hai| zvetAmbara Agama meM kahIM kahIM 6 dravyoM kA ullekha karate haiM vahAM kAla dravya ke sthAna para "addhAsamaya" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| aisA jJAta hotA hai ki prAraMbha meM sUtra "kAlazca" hI rahA hogaa| bAda meM usane "kAlazcetyeke" rUpa le liyA ho sakatA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM kAla ke upakAra ke varNana meM paratvAparatva ke 2 bheda kie haiN| "-paratvAratve kSetrakRte kAlakRte ca stH| jabaki tattvArtha bhASya meM tIna bheda haiN| paratvAparatve trividhe-prazaMsAkRte kSetrakRte kAlakRte iti|| hama dekhate haiM ki isa saMbandha meM tattvArthavArtikakAra tattvArthabhASyakAra kA hI anusaraNa karate hai| unhoMne kAla ke upakAra ke pratipAdaka sUtra kA vyAkhyAna karate hue paratva aura aparatva ke ukta tIna bhedoM kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isase yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki tattvArtha bhASya tattvArthavArtikakAra ke sAmane thA aura usI prakAra tattvArtha bhASya sarvArtha siddhi ke bAda kI racanA hai, isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| digambara aura zvetAmbara mAnyatAoM meM kAla dravya ke astitva ke saMbandha meM pAye jAne vAle matabheda ke kAraNa hI mUla sUtra aura usakI TIkAoM meM aMtara dikhAI detA hai| isa lekha ke mukhya viSaya ko sparza karane ke lie hameM tattvArtha sUtra ke dvitIya adhyAya ke tIsare sUtra kI TIkA ko sarvArthasiddhi meM dekhanA hai| vahAM aupazamika bhAva ke bhedoM kA varNana karate hue yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki anAdi mithyA dRSTi bhavya ke karmoM ke udaya se prApta kaluSatA ke rahate hue inakA upazama kaise hotA hai? samAdhAna meM kahA hai "kAlalabdhyAdinimittatvAt" kAlalabdhi Adi ke nimitta se una karmoM kA upazama hotA hai| kAlalabdhi kA varNana karate hue sarvArthasiddhikAra ne likhA hai tatra kAlalabdhi stAvat-karmAviSTa AtmA bhavyaH kAleddhapudgalaparivarttanAkhye'vaziSTe prathamasamyaktva

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 grahaNasya yogyo bhavati nAdhike iti| iyamekA kaallbdhiH| aparA karmasthitikA kaallbdhiH| utkRSTasthitikeSu karmasu jaghanyasthitikeSu ca prathamasamyaktvalAbho na bhvti| kva tarhi bhavati? anta:koTIkoTIsAgaropamasthitikeSu karmasu bandhamApadyamAneSu vizuddhapariNAmavazAtkarmasu ca tataH saMkhyeyasAgaropamasahasronapAyAmantaH koTIkoTIsAgaroparamAsthitau sthApiteSu prathamasamyaktvayogyo bhvti| aparA kAlalabdhirbhavApekSayA bhavya paMcendriya saMjJI paryAptakaH sarvavizuddhaH prthmsmyktvmutyaadyaati| 'Adi' zabdena jAtismaraNAdi prigRhyte| arthaH aba yahAM kAlalabdhi ko batalAte haiM- karmayukta koI bhI bhavya AtmA arddhapudagala parAvartana kAla ke zeSa rahane para prathama samyaktva grahaNa karane ke yogya hotA hai, isase adhika kAla ke zeSa rahane para nahIM hotA yaha eka kAlalabdhi hai| dUsarI kAlalabdhikA saMbaMdha karma sthiti se hai| utkRSTa sthiti vAle karmoM ke zeSa rahane para yA jaghanya sthiti vAle karmoM ke zeSa rahane para prathama samyaktva kA lAbha nahIM hotaa| zaMkA- to phira kisa avasthA meM hotA hai? samAdhAna- jaba baMdhanevAle karmo kI sthiti anta:kor3A kor3I sAgaropama par3atI hai aura vizuddha pariNAmoM ke vaza se sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti saMkhyAta hajAra sAgaropama kama antaH kor3A kor3I sAgaropama prApta hotA hai taba yaha jIva prathama samyaktva ke yogya hotA hai| eka kAlalabdhi bhava kI apekSA hotI hai- jo bhavya hai, saMjJI hai, paryAptaka hai aura sarvavizuddha hai vaha prathama samyaktva ko utpanna karatA hai| 'Adi' zabda se jAti smaraNa Adi kA grahaNa karanA caahie| ukta kAlalabdhi kA varNana kiyA hai| labdhi zabda kA artha kAraNa bhI hotA hai| "kAlalabdhi" zabda kAla kI kAraNAtA ko batAtA hai| kintu kAla udAsIna nimitta (kAraNa) hotA hai| preraka nimitta nhiiN| cAra dravya dharma adharma akAza aura kAla cAroM hI dravya zuddha haiM niSkriya haiM evaM udAsIna nimitta haiN| cAroM hI dravya saMpUrNa loka meM vyApta haiM aura pratisamaya udAsIna rUpa se apane-apane viSayoM meM sahAyatA karane ke lie upalabdha rahate kAlalabdhi ke bAre meM sarvArthasiddhikAra ne kahA hai ki jaba saMsAra kI sthiti arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla raha jAtI hai taba hI samyagdarzana kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| yahAM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki samyagdarzana hone para saMsAra kI sthiti arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla raha jAtI hai yA jaba arddhapudgala parAvartana sthiti raha jAtI hai taba samyagdarzana hotA hai? isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM paM. ratanacaMda jI mukhtAra ne likhA hai ki samyagdarzana hone ke prathama samaya meM saMsAra kI anaMta sthiti kaTakara arddhapudgala parAvartana mAtra raha jAtI hai| anAdi mithyAdRSTi ke prathamopazama samyagdarzana kI utpatti kA aura saMsArasthiti kaTakara arddhapudgala parAvartana saMsArakAla raha jAne kA eka hI samaya hai| yadyapi eka samaya kI dRSTi se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki arddha pudgala pariNAma kAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana hotA hai tathApi kArya kAraNa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to samyagdarzana rUpa pariNati meM hI vaha zakti hai ki anAdi mithyAdRSTi kA anaMta saMsAra (aMta rahita saMsArakAla) kATakara arddhapudgala parAvartana mAtra kara deve| isalie samyagdarzana kAraNa hai aura arddhapudagala parAvartana saMsArakAla raha jAnA kArya hai|

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46 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 yadi yaha mAnA jAye ki arddha pudgala parAvartana saMsArakAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana utpanna hone kI yogyatA utpanna hotI hai to yaha prazna khar3A hotA hai ki saMsAra kI sthiti ko arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla mAtra karane kA kArya kina pariNAmoM se huA? arddha pudgala parAvartana kAla sImita ho jAne kA artha hai samyagdarzana kI utpatti nizcita ho gii| yaha kArya anAdi mithyAtva dazA meM kaise saMbhava ho sakatA hai? prAyogya labdhi ke kAla meM bhI kevala karmoM kI sthiti ko ghaTAkAra antaH kor3A kor3I karane kA kArya hotA hai kiMtu saMsAra kI sthiti sImita karane kA kArya honA nahIM batAyA hai kyoMki prAyogya labdhi abhavya ko bhI prApta ho sakatI hai| karaNalabdhi ke kAla meM bhI saMsAra ghaTAne kA kArya hone kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| ataH saMsAra kI sthiti ghaTAkara arddha-pudgala parAvartana kara lene kA kArya samyagdarzana dvArA samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke prathama samaya meM honA tarka saMgata pratIta hotA hai| jo yaha mAnate haiM ki saba jIvoM ke arthAt anAdi mithyA dRSTi ke bhI mokSa jAne kA kAla niyata hai anyathA sarvajJatA kI hAni ho jAyegI, kyA usako uparyukta sarvajJa vANI para zraddhA hai? jisakI sarvajJa vANI para zraddhA nahIM hai, vaha sarvajJa ko mAnane vAlA nahIM ho sktaa| vicAraNIya biMduH- 1. samyaktva se anaMta saMsAra zAMta hotA hai| 2. mokSa jAne kA kAla niyata nahIM hai| 3. yadi niyata mAnA jAyegA to ekAMta niyata vAda ke rUpa meM ekAMta mithyAtva hone se samyaktva ke astitva para prazna cihna lagatA hai| kucha logoM ke dvArA aisI zaMkA upasthita kI jAtI hai ki samyagdarzana kI utpatti kA kAla niyata hai aura mokSa jAne kA kAla bhI niyata hai| jaba mokSa jAne kA kAla niyata hai to unakA saMsAra kA kAla bhI niyata hai| ataH samyagdarzana se anaMta saMsAra kAla ghaTakara paryApta apane niyata samaya para hI hogI Age pIche nahIM ho sktii| niyata vAda ekAMta mithyAtva kA aisA nazA car3hA huA hai ki samyagdarzana ke mAhAtmya ko bhI asvIkAra kiyA jAne lagA hai| yadi mokSa apane niyata samaya para hogA to mokSa rUpa kArya kA niyAmaka kAraNa kAla ho gayA aura 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH yaha sUtra vAkya vyartha ho gyaa| bhavya jIva apane niyata kAla ke anusAra hI mokSa jAyegA isa zaMkA kA uttara dete hue svAmI akalaMka deva ne rAjavArttika meM kahA hai:- "yato na bhavyAnAM kRtsnakarmanirjarApUrvaka mokSakAlasya niymo'sti| kecid bhavyAH saMkhyeyena kAlena setsyanti kecidasaMkhyeyena kecidaMtena, apare anaMtatAnantenApi na setsyantIti, tatazca na yuktam bhavyasya kAlena, niHzreyasopapatteH itiH|" yadi sarvasya kAlo hetuSTiH syAt, bAhyAbhyantarakAraNaniyamasya dRSTasyeSTasya vA virodha: syAt (rAjavArtikaM 1/3) arthAt:- bhavyoM ke samasta karmoM nirjarA se hone vAle mokSa ke kAla kA koI niyama nahIM hai| koI jIva saMkhyAtakAla meM mokSa jAyegA, koI asaMkhyAta aura anaMtakAla meM mokSa jaayegaa| koI anantAnantakAla taka bhI mokSa nahIM jaayeNge| isaliye bhavyoM ke mokSa jAne ke kAla kA niyata hai, aisA kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| yadi saba hI ke kAla kA niyama mAna liyA jAve arthAt saba hI meM eka kAla ko hI kAraNa mAna liyA jAve to pratyakSa va parokSa pramANa ke viSayabhUta bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoM se virodha A jAvegA arthAt bAhya aura abhyantara kAraNoM ke abhAva kA prasaMga A jaavegaa|

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47 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 paM. ToDaramala jI ne mokSa mArga prakAzaka meM likhA hai "kAlalabdhi va honahAra to kucha vastu naahiiN| jisa kAla viSai jo kArya hoya hai, soI kAlalabdhi aura jo kArya bhayA sohI honahAra hai jo midhyAdRSTi aisA kahate hai ki jaba honahAra hogI taba samyagdarzana hogA, usase Age pIche samyagdarzana nahIM ho sakatA usako samyagdRSTi kahatA hai- 'yadi terA aisA zraddhAna hai to sarvatra koI kArya kA udyama mati kreN| tU khAna-pAna, vyApAra Adi kA to udyama kare, aura yahAM honahAra batAye, so jAnie hai terA anurAga yahAM nahIM hai / ' arddha pudgala parAvarttana kA jaghanya kAla bhI anaMta hai| arddhapudgalaparAvarttana kA jaghanyakAla bhI anaMta hai aura utkRSTakAla bhI anaMta hai, kiMtu jaghanya se utkRSTa kA kAla anaMta guNA hai| dhavala pR. 4 pR. 331. arddha pudgala parAvartana meM bhI anaMta sAgara hote haiN| kArmaNavargaNA aura nokarmavargaNA ina donoM kI apekSA se eka pudgalaparAvartanakAla hotA hai / yaha anaMtarUpa hai| inameM se eka kI apekSA arddhapudgalaparAvarttanakAla hai| yaha arddha pudgala parAvartana apane samayoM kI saMkhyA kI apekSA madhyama anaMtAnaMta svarUpa hai| yaha kAla avadhi jJAna tathA manaH paryaya jJAna ke viSaya ke bAhara haiN| yaha mAtra kevala jJAna kA viSaya hone se bhI" anaMta" kahalAtA hai| yaha aupacArika anaMta hai kyoMki isakI samApti dekhI jAtI hai| "arddha pudgalaparAvarttanakAla sakSayo'pyanaMtaH chdmsthairnuplbdhprynttvaat| kevalamanantastadviSayatvAdvA / jIvarAzistu puna: saMkhyeyarAzikSayo'pi nirmUlapralayAbhAvAdana iti|" (dhavala pR.1 pR. 292) artha: arddhapudgalaparivartanakAla kSaya sahita hote hue bhI isaliye ananta hai ki chadmastha jIvoM ke dvArA usakA aMta nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| kiMtu kevalajJAna vAstava meM ananta hai athavA ananta ko viSaya karane vAlA hone se vaha ananta hai| saMkhyAtarAzi ke kSaya ho jAne para bhI jIvarAzi ko nirmUla nAza nahIM hotA, isaliye vaha akSaya ananta hai| samayasAra gAthA 320 kI TIkA ke bhAvArtha meM 'samudra meM bUMda kI ginatI kyA" aisA likhA hai| yaha dRSTAMtarUpa meM hai, kiMtu yaha kathana dAnta para kaise ghaTatA hai? samAdhAna: bhAvArtha meM likhA hai- "midhyAtva ke cale jAne ke bAda saMsAra kA abhAva hI hotA hai, samudra meM bUMda kI kyA ginatI ?" yahAM para yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki samudra meM jala aparimita hai aura jalabindu parimita hai tathA samudrajala kI apekSA bahuta sUkSma aMza hai| isI prakAra anAdimidhyAdRSTi kA saMsAraparibhramaNakAla samudrajala kI taraha aparimita hai anantAnanta hai, kiMtu mithyAtva cale jAne para arthAt samyagdarzana ho jAne para aparimita anantAnanta saMsAraparibhramaNakAla ghaTakara mAtra arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAla raha jAtA hai, jo anaMtAnanta saMsArakAla kI apekSA bahuta alpakAla hai arthAt samudra meM jalabindu ke samAna hai| yahAM yaha zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki samyagdarzana hone para saMsAra kI sthiti arddhapudgalaparAvarttana raha jAtI hai yA jaba addhapudgalaparAvarttana sthiti raha jAtI hai taba samyagdarzana hotA hai? samAdhAna samyagdarzana hone ke prathamasamaya meM saMsAra kI anantasthiti kaTakara arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra raha jAtI hai| anAdimithyAdRSTi ke prathamopazamasamyagdarzana kI

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 utpatti kA aura saMsArasthiti kaTakara arddhapudgalaparAvartana saMsArakAla raha jAne kA eka hI samaya hai| yadyapi isa eka samaya kI dRSTi se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana hotA hai, tathApi kArya-kAraNa kI dRSTi se dekhA jAya to samyagdarzana pariNAma meM hI yaha zakti hai ki anAdimithyAdRSTi kA ananta saMsAra (aMtarahita saMsArakAla) kATakara arddhapudgalaparAvartanasaMsArakAla raha jAnA kArya hai| kahA bhI hai "ego aNAdiya micchAdiTThI aparittasaMsAro adhApavattakaraNaM apuvvakaraNaM aNiyaTThikaraNamidi edANi tiNNi karaNANi kAdUNa sammattaMgahidapaDhamasamae ceva sammattaguNeNa puvvillo aparitto saMsAro ohaTThidUNa paritto poggalapariyaTTassa addhametto hodUNa ukkaseNa citttthdi"| ___"eka anAdimithyAdRSTi aparItasaMsArI (jisake saMsAra kI avadhi na ho athavA aMta na ho) jIva, adha:pravRttakaraNa, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa tInoMkaraNoM ko karake samyaktva grahaNa ke prathamasamaya meM hI samyaktvaguNa ke dvArA pUrvavartI anta-rahita saMsAra ko chedakara parIta (sAnta, sAvadhi) saMsAra ho, adhika se adhika arddhapudgalaparAvartana kAla taka saMsAra meM rahatA hai|" isa saMbaMdha meM kucha aura Agama pramANa nIce diyA jAnA prAsaMgika hai: "ekko aNAdiyamicchAdiTThI tiNNi karaNANi kariya sammattaM pddivnnnno| teNa sammatteNa uppajjamANeNa aNaMto saMsAro chiNNe saMto addhapoggalapariyaTTamette kdo|" (dhavala pR.479) arthaH- eka anAdimithyAdRSTi bhavyajIva tInoMkaraNoM ko karake samyaktva ko prApta huaa| utpanna hone ke sAtha hI usa samyaktva se ananta (aMtarahita) saMsAra chinna hotA huA arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAla mAtra kara diyA gyaa| "ekkeNa aNAdiyamicchAdiTThANA tiNNi karaNANi kadUNa uvasamasammatta paDiNNapaDhamasae aMNato saMsAro chiNNI addhapoggalapariyaTTamettoM kdo|" (dhavala pR. 5 pR. 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19) arthaH- eka anAdimithyAdRSTi bhavyajIva ne adhaH pravRttAdi tInoM karaNa karake, upazamasamyaktva ko prApta hone ke prathamasamaya meM ananta (anta rahita amaryAdita) saMsAra ko chinnakara arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra kiyaa| "appaDivaNNe sammatte aNAdiaNaMto bhaviya-bhAvo aMtAdIdasaMsArado; paDivaNNe sammatte aNNe bhaviyabhAvoM uppajjai, poggalapariTTarasa addhmettsNsaaraavttttaannaado|" (dhavala pR. 7 pR. 177) artha- jaba taka samyaktva grahaNa nahIM kiyA taba taka jIva kA bhavyatva anAdi-anantarUpa hai, kyoMki taba taka usakA saMsAra aMtarahita hai, kiMtu samyaktva ke grahaNa kara lene para anya hI bhavyabhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai, kyoMki samyaktva utpanna ho jAne para phira kevala arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAla taka saMsAra meM sthiti rahatI hai| "aNAdiyamicchAdiTThimmi tiNNi vi karaNANi kAUNa uvasasammattaM paDivaNNammi aNaMtasaMsAraM chettUNa dvid-addhpogglpriydimmi|" (jayadhavalA pu.2 pR.253) arthaanAdi mithyAdRSTi jIva tInoM karaNoM ko karake "upazama samyaktva ko prApta huA aura ananta (aMtarahita) saMsAra ko chedakara saMsAra meM rahane ke kAla ko arddhapudgala parAvartana pramANa kiyaa|"

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 "ego aNAdiya micchAdiTThI tiNi vi karaNANi kAUNa paDhamasammatta pddivnnnno| tattha sammattaM paDivaNNapaDhamasamae saMsAramaNaMta sammatattaguNeNa chettUNa puNo so saMsAro teNa addhapoggala-pariyaTTamettA kdo|" (jayadhavala pu. 2 pR. 391) artha-eka anAdi mithyAdRSTi bhavyajIva tInoM karaNoM ko karake prathamopazama samyaktva ko prApta huaa| "tathA samyaktva ke prApta hone ke prathama samaya meM samyaktva guNa ke dvArA ananta saMsAra ko chedana kara usane saMsAra ko arddhapudgalaparAvartana mAtra kara diyaa|" "saMsArataTe nikaTaH samyaktvotpattitaH utkRSTena arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAlaparyantaM sNsaar-sthaayiityrthH|" (svaamikaartikeyaanuprekssaa)| artha- jisakA saMsAra taTa nikaTa ho arthAt samyagdarzana kI utpattikAla se jisakI saMsAra sthiti kA utkRSTa kAla arddhapudgalaparAvartana mAtra raha gayA ho| ___"mithyAdarzanapakSaye'saMyatasamyagdRSTeranantasaMsArasya kssiiymaanntvsiddheH|" (zlokavArtika 1/1/105) / arthAt- mithyAdarzaSna (darzanamohanIya) karma ke udaya kA abhAva ho jAne para (samyaktva utpanna ho jAne para) ananta saMsAra kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| kAlalabdhi ke prakaraNa meM tatvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 sUtra 3 kI TIkA meM sarvArthasiddhikAra ne spaSTa likhA hai ki tIna prakAra kI kAlalabdhiyAM haiM jo prathama samyaktva grahaNa kI yogyatAoM ko batAtI haiN| koI bhI bhavya AtmA arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahane para prathama samyaktva grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai isase adhika kAla zeSa rahane para nahIM hotA yaha eka kAlalabdhi hai| dUsarI kAlalabdhi taba hotI hai jaba karmoM kI baMdha va sattva vAle karmoM kI sthiti eka kor3A kor3I sAgara se kama hai| tIsarI kAlalabdhi bhava saMbandhI yogyatAoM se saMbandhita hai| yaha jIva bhavya saMjJI, paryAptaka jAgrata jJAnI va yogI aura sarva vizuddha hai tathA Adi zabdase usameM jAti smaraNAdika yogyatA bhI hai| vaha prathama samyaktva kI utpatti ke yogya hotA hai| dhavalAdi graMthoM ke pramANoM se samyagdarzana kI utpatti ke pazcAta arddhapudgala parAvartana saMsAra bhramaNa kA kAla zeSa raha jAtA hai| isa prakAra isa paraspara virodhI jaise pratIta hone vAle kathanoM ke viSaya meM zrI ratanacaMda jI mukhtAra ne yaha kahA hai ki inameM tRtIya kAlalabdhi arthAt anta: koTI koTI pramANa karma sthiti aneka bAra ho sakatI hai| dvitIya kAlalabdhi saMjJI paMcendriya paryApta vizuddha pariNAma bhI aneka bAra hotA hai| isI prakAra hai prathama kAlalabdhi bhI aneka bAra prApta hotI hai| isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai ki eka arddhapudgalaparAvartana kAla meM se AdhA kAla bIta jAne ke pazcAt arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa raha jAtA hai taba usa jIva kI prathama kAlalabdhi prAraMbha hotI hai| yadi usa arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla meM samyaktvottpatti nahIM huI to vaha kAlalabdhi samApta ho jAtI hai| phira dUsarA pudgala parAvartana kAla prAraMbha hotA hai| isa dUsare pudgala parAvarttana kAla meM se jaba AdhA kAla bIta jAtA hai aura AdhA arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahatA hai taba isa jIva ke punaH prathama kAlalabdhi kA prAraMbha hotA hai| yadi isa arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla meM bhIsamyaktvottpatti nahIM hotI yaha prathama kAlalabdhi punaH dUsarI

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So anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 bAra bhI samApta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra pratyeka pudgala parAvartana ke AdhA kAla bIta jAne para aura zeSa AdhA kAla raha jAne para prathama kAlalabdhi punaH AtI rahatI hai| samyagdarzana prApta ho jAne para saMsAra ke sthiti arddha pudgala parAvartana mAtra zeSa raha jAtI hai| isa prakAra artha karane para sarvArthasiddhikAra ke artha kI evaM dhavalAdi graMthoM ke kathanoM kI bhI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai| sarvArthasiddhi TIkA ke zabda hai : "kAle'rddhapudgalaparivarttanAparAvartanAkhye'vaziSTaprathamasamyaktvagrahaNasya yogyo bhavati nAdhike iti| iyamekA kaallbdhiH|" artha- arddhapudgala parivartana kAla avaziSTa rahane para prathama samyaktva grahaNa kI yogyatA hotI hai| adhika kAla avaziSTa rahane para nahIM rahatI, yaha eka kAlalabdhi hai| yahAM yaha dhyAna dene yogya vizeSa bAta hai ki isa kathana meM saMsAra zabda nahIM hai| ataH "saMsArakAla arddhapudgala parAvartana avaziSTa rahane para" aisA artha kisa AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi pUjyapAdasvAmI evaM zrI akalaMka deva ko saMsAra ke arddha pudgala parAvartana kAlake zeSa rahane kI bAta iSTa hotI to ve saMsAra zabda kA prayoga avazya krte| jaisA ki dhavala graMtha ke uddharaNoM meM sarvatra saMsAra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| anyatra bhI jaise "tadvividhapariNAme utkRSTaH arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAlasaMsAre sthitvA pazcAt muktiM gcchtiityrthH|" isa vAkya meM saMsAra zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa vAkya kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki prathama samyaktva se mithyAtva udaya ke kAraNa girakara adhika se adhika arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla taka saMsAra meM rahakara pazcAt mokSa jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha samyaktva pariNAma meM hI zakti hai ki va anaMta saMsAra kAla ko chedakara arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla kara detA hai| samyaktvotpatti kI yogyatA kA kathana kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 307 meM hai jo isa prakAra hai: caduggadi-bhavvo saNNI suvisaddho jggmaann-pjjte| saMsAra-taDe Niyar3o NANI pAvei smmttN|| 307 // (svA. kA.) inakI saMskRta TIkA meM "saMsAra taTa nikaTa" kA artha nimna prakAra diyA hai: "saMsArataTe nikaTaH samyaktvotpattitaH utkRSTena arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAlaparyaMta saMsAra sthAyItyarthaH" artha- saMsArataTa nikaTa" isa kA abhiprAya hai ki samyaktvotpatti se utkRSTa saMsArasthiti arddha pudgala parivattana kAla paryaMta raha jAtI hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki samyaktva ho jAne para utkRSTa saMsAra kAla arddha pudgala parAvartana mAtra raha jAtA hai na ki samyaktvotpatti se pUrva saMsAra kAla arddhapudgala parivartana mAtra raha jAtA hai; kyoMki samyaktva pariNAma meM hI vaha zakti hai ki anaMta saMsAra kAla ko kATakara arddhapudgala parAvartana mAtra kara detA hai| yaha hI samyaktva kA vAstavika mahattva jahA~ bhI AcAryoM ne "saMsAra" zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai, vahAM "arddhapudgala

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51 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 parAvartana kAla avaziSTa rahane para" ukta vAkyAMza kA artha saMsAra kAla arddhapudgala parAvartana avaziSTa rahane para kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa vAkyAMza kA "saMsAra kAla" artha karanA vicAraNIya hai| vAstava meM jo samyaktva meM arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla saMsAra zeSa rakhane kI sAmarthya hone se jo avazya samyaktva ko prApta kregaa| jo samyaktva ko avazya prApta karane vAlA hai aise sAtizaya mithyA dRSTi ko bhI yaha kaha diyA jAtA hai ki isake arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahA hai kyoMki nikaTa bhaviSya meM (aMtarmuhUta ke bAda) avazya hI samyaktva kI sAmarthya kA vartamAna mithyAtva dazA meM upacAra kiyA hai| athavA anaMta kAlIna saMsAra mithyAtva dazA (karaNa labdhi dazA meM athavA sAtizaya mithyAtva dazA) meM sAMta ho jAtA hai, yaha bhI eka mata hai| dUsare mata ke anusAra prathamopazama samyaktva ke pUrNa meM hone vAle karaNa labdhi ke dvArA darzana mohanIya kI mithyAtva prakRti dravya tIna bhAga samyaktva, prakRti evaM samyamithyAtva evaM mithyAtva prakRti evaM amaryAdita saMsAra sthiti ko chedakara arddhapudgala parAvarttana mAtra saMsAra sthiti kara detA hai| tathA utkRSTa karma sthiti ko kATakara aMta: kor3Akor3I kara detA hai| ata: isa matAnusAra yaha kahA jAtA hai ki arddhapudgala parAvartana kAla zeSa rahane para karma sthiti aMta: kor3Akor3I pramANa raha jAne para samyaktva kI prApti ho jAtI hai| sarvArthasiddhi a. 2 sUtra 3 kI TIkA meM kAlalabdhi batalAte samaya kahate haiM ki karma yukta koI bhI bhavya AtmA arddhapudgalaparAvartana nAma ke kAla ke zeSa rahane para prathamasamyaktva ke grahaNa karane kI yogyatA rakhatA hai| arthAt jisa jIva ke saMsAra meM rahane kA itanA kAla zeSa rahA hai| use sarvaprathama samyagdarzana kI prApti ho sakatI hai| para itane kAla ke zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana kI prApti honA hI cAhiye, aisA koI niyama nahIM hai| to bhI isake pahale samyagdarzana kI prApti nahIM hotI itanA sunizcita hai| astu, yahAM prazna uThatA hai ki yadi saMsAra meM rahane kA kAla abhavyajIva kI apekSA anAdianaMta hai aura bhavyajIva kI apekSA anAdisAMta hai to yaha sAMtakAla samyaktva kI prApti se hI prApta hone vAlA hai dekho kArtikeyAnuprekSA graMtha meM saMsArAnuprekSA ke prakaraNa meM pudgalaparAvartanasaMsAra ke varNana karate samaya kahate haiM ki 'isa pudgalaparAvartanasaMsAra meM jIva anantabAra pudgalaparAvartanarUpa saMsAra kA upayoga lekara tyAga kiyA hai|' aura bhI kahate haiM ki 'jaba taka isa jIva ko samyagdarzana kI prApti nahIM hotI taba taka isa jIva kI saMsAra se samApti nahIM hotii| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hai, ki samyagdarzana prApti ke samaya se lekara yaha jIva isa saMsAra meM rahe to adhika se adhika arddhapudgalaparAvartanakAla taka raha sakatA hai| parantu sarvArthasiddhi kI TIkA meM likhA hai ki arddhapudgala parAvartanakAla zeSa rahane para yA rahA hai use hI sarvaprathama samyagdarzana kI prApti ho sakatI hai| yaha kaise saMbhava hai? isalie prazna hai ki samyagdarzana kI prApti ke bAda adhika se adhika arddhapudgalaparivartanakAla isa saMsAra kA rahatA hai yA saMsAra kA arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra kAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana kI prApti hotI hai? isakA spaSTa uttara caahiye| yadi itane kAlake zeSa rahane para samyaktva kI prApti hotI hai to phira itane kAla ke zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana kI prApti honI hI cAhie aisA koI niyama nahIM

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52 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 hai| aisA kyoM likhA hai? aura bhI prazna khar3A hotA hai ki bhavyajIva kI apekSA saMsAra kA sAMtakAla kisa kAraNa se prApta hotA hai? isa samyaktva ke sivAya aura koI dUsarA kAraNa ho to avazya batalAnA caahie| isa viSaya meM paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha meM zloka 43 meM likhA hai ki 'jIva aura karma kA saMbandha anAdi se calA AyA hai isI saMbandha kA nAma saMsAra hai, arthAt jIva kI rAgadveSarUpa azuddha avasthA kA hI nAma saMsAra hai| yaha saMsAra binA samyagdarzana Adi bhAvoM ke chUTa nahIM sakatA hai? isakA abhiprAya yaha ki jabataka samyagdarzana nahIM hotA tabataka mithyAtvakarma AtmA ke svAbhAvika bhAvoM ko Dhake rahatA hai| parantu jaba samyagdarzana pragaTa ho jAtA hai taba vaha mithyAtva naSTa ho jAtA hai| isa taraha samyagdarzana Adi bhAvoM se hI saMsAra chUTatA hai| bhAvArtha:- 'saMsaraNaM saMsAra:' paribhramaNa kA nAma saMsAra hai| cAroM gatiyoM meM jIva utpanna hotA rahatA hai, isI ko saMsAra kahate hai| isa paribhramaNa kA kAraNa karma hai| yaha saMsAra tabhI chUTa sakatA hai jaba ki saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko haTAyA jaay| saMsAra ke kAraNa mithyAdarzanAdi hai| inake pratipakSI samyagdarzanAdi haiM jaba ye samyagdarzanAdi bhAva AtmA meM prakaTa ho jAte haiM to phira isa jIva kA saMsAra bhI chUTa jAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa siddha hai ki, samyagdarzana prApti ke samaya se lekara saMsAra kA kAla arddhapudgalaparAvartana raha sakatA hai| parantu sarvArthasiddhi meM arthapudgala parAvartanakAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana kI prApti ho sakatI hai aisA kaise kahate haiM ? samAdhAna:- sarvArthasiddhi a. 2 sUtra 3 kI TIkA meM batalAyA hai ki 'anAdimithyAdRSTibhavya ke kAlalabdhi Adi ke nimitta se mohanIyakarma kA upazama hotA hai| yahAM para kAlalabdhi tIna prakAra kI batalAI hai| (1) arddhapudgalaparAvartana nAmaka kAla ke zeSa rahane para prathamasamyaktva ke grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai| (2) jaba baMdhanavAle karmoM kI sthiti anta:kor3Akor3IsAgara par3atI hai au vizuddha pariNAmoM ke vaza se sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti saMkhyAtahajArasAgarakama antaH kor3Akor3IsAgara prApta hotI hai taba yaha jIva prathamasamyaktva ke yogya hotA hai| (3) jo bhavya hai, saMjJI hai, paryAptaka hai aura sarvavizuddha hai yaha prathamasamyaktva ko utpanna karatA hai| ina tIna kAlalabdhiyoM meM se tIsarI kAlalabdhi (bhavya, saMjJI paryAptaka, sarvavizuddha) kA samaya se koI saMbandha nahIM hai| isakA saMbandha to nAma karmodaya tathA AtmapariNAmoM se hai| dUsarI kAlalabdhi kA bhI koI saMbandha samaya se nahIM hai, kiMtu AtmapariNAmoM kI vizuddhatA se hai, kyoMki vizuddhapariNAmoM ke kAraNa hI anta:kor3Akor3IsAgarapramANa karmasthiti kA baMdha hotA hai aura pUrva baMdha hue karmoM kI sthiti kA ghAta hokara saMkhyAtahajArasAgara kama anta:kor3Akor3IsAgarapramANa sthiti raha jAtI hai| ataH yahAM para kAlalabdhi kA artha hai "zuddhAtmasvarUpAbhimukha pariNAma kI praapti|" paMcAstikAya TIkA meM kahA bhI hai:"AgamabhASayA kAlAdilabdhirUpaM adhyAtmabhASayA shuddhaatmaabhimukhprinnaamruupN|" 'kAla' zabda kA artha 'vicArarUpa pariNAma' karanA ayukta bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 53 kAlazabda kala dhAtu se banA hai| kala dhAtu kA artha 'vicAra karanA' aisA bhI pAyA jAtA 'arddhapudgalaparAvartana nAmaka kAla ke zeSa rahane para' isakA aisA artha karanA'saMsArakAla ke arddhapudgalaparAvarttanapamAtra zeSa raha jAne para' yukta nahIM hai, kyoMki AcAryavAkya meM 'saMsAra' zabda nahIM hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai- "pratyeka pudgalaparAvarttana meM" arddhapudgala parAvartana nAmaka kAla ke zeSa rahane para prAyogyalabdhi meM jisa prakAra sattA meM sthita karmoM kI sthiti kA, AtmAbhimukha pariNAmoM ke dvArA, ghAta karake saMkhyAtahajArasAgarakama anta:kor3Akor3IsAgarapramANa karmasthiti kara dI jAtI hai, usI prakAra AtmAbhimukhI pariNAmoM ke dvArA paMcalabdhi meM yA samyaktva ke prathamasamaya meM anantAnantakAlapramANa saMsArasthita ko kATakara arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra kara detA hai| jisa jIva ne paMcalabdhi meM anantasaMsArasthiti ko kATakara arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra kara diyA usa jIva arddhapudgalaparAvartanasaMsArakAla zeSa rahane para samyagdarzana hotA hai| anyathA samyaktvotpatti ke prathamasamaya meM hI anantasaMsArasthiti kaTakara arddhapudgalaparAvarttanamAtra ho hI jaavegii| -luhAr3iyA bhavana madanagaMja - kizanagaMja (rAja.) cora jagA rahe haiM? corI kyoM hotI hai aura kisakI hotI hai? ye socane kI bAta hai| jina-bhagavAna vItarAga hai, mandira ora maMdira ke upakaraNa sabhI unake nhiiN| ye to zubha-rAgiyoM dvArA zubha-rAgabhAva meM nirmita rAgiyoM ke bhavana haiM aura unake bahumUlya bhautika upakaraNa bhI rAgiyoM ke hai| jina-zAsana meM bItarAga-bhAva kI mahimA hai aura vItarAgabhAva ke sAdhana juTAne ke updesh| aba paramparA kucha aisI banatI jA rahI hai ki loga mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM meM bhautika sampadA dekhane-dikhAne ke abhyAsI bana rahe hai-ve sAMsArika vibhUti kA moha chor3ane ke sthAna para, vItarAga-bhAva kI prApti meM sAdhanabhUta-mandiroM, mUrtiyoM meM sAMsArika vimUti dekhane lage haiN| koI cAMdI, sone aura hIre kI mUrtiyA~ banavAte haiM to koI bahumUlya chatra-camara siMhAsana Adi aura yaha saba hotA nAma, khyAti, yaza aura pratiSThA ke lie| loga cAhate haiM nAma likhAnA aadi| yaha mArga sarvathA tyAjya hai| jaba logoM ne rAga-tyAga ke vItarAgI upadeza kI avahelanA kI taba coroM ne thappar3a mArakara unheM saceta kiyA aura ve mArga para Ane ko majabUra hone lage haiN| aba ve kaha rahe sAdA mandira meM sAdA mUrti, vaha bhI vizAla pASANanirmita honI cAhie jisase vItarAgatA jhlke| logoM kI isa prakriyA se kyA hama aisA mAna leM ki jinhoMne vItarAgatA kI avahelanA kI unheM coroM ne thappar3a mArakara sIdhe mArga para lAne kA upAya DhUMDhA hai| asalI bAta kyA hai? jarA socie? -paM0 padmacandra zAstrI, sampAdaka anekAnta varSa 36, ki0 4

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jaina-darzana nAstika nahIM DaoN. zivakumAra zarmA misra ko parAjita karane ke bAda, jUliyasa sIjara ne misravAsiyoM kI bAvata kahA"yaha loga pustakoM kI sahAyatA se jIvana ko svapna meM vyatIta kara dete haiM, jInA nahIM jaante|" bhAratavAsiyoM kI bAvata bhI kucha videziyoM kA khyAla aisA hI hai| jaba ve hameM dArzanikoM kI jAti kahate haiM, to yaha sammAna ke nahIM, apitu tiraskAra ke zabda hote haiN| kucha varSa pahale jApAnI kahate the ki bhAratavAsI rAjanItika-nirvANa kI avasthA meM hai| dArzanika vivecana mastiSka kA kAma hai| yadi ujjvala mastiSka ke sAtha, pavitra hRdaya aura baliSTha bAhu vidyamAna nahIM hote, to yaha mastiSka kA doSa nhiiN| prAcIna bhArata se jo paitRka saMpatti hameM prApta huI hai usameM bhAratIya-darzana eka anamola bhAga hai|' ___ pAzcAtya dArzanika arastu kA kathana hai- "darzana kA prAraMbha Azcarya se hotA hai" vastutaH isa citra-vicitra vizva aura vizva ke kriyA-kalApa ko dekhakara mAnava mastiSka cakita raha jAtA hai tathA vaha yaha vicAra karane ke liye bAdhya ho jAtA hai ki supratiSThita tathA suvyavasthita isa jagat kA kartA kauna hai? yaha vizva kahA~ se AyA hai? hama kahA~ se Aye haiM? yathArtha sattA kyA hai? aadi| isI prakAra ke aMkagaNita vismayakArI praznoM ke samAdhAnArtha mAnavamastiSka anavarata rUpa se vicArazIla rahatA hai| niraMtara ciMtana kI isa kalA kA nAma hI darzana hai| dRz dhAtu se karaNa artha meM lyuT pratyaya karane para darzana zabda banatA hai jisakA artha hai dekhnaa|" dRzyate aneneti darzanam' arthAt jisake dvArA dekhA jAye arthAt vicAra kiyA jAye vaha darzana hai| saMkSepa meM tatvoM ke yuktipUrvaka sUkSma jJAna ke prayAsa ko darzana kahA jAtA hai| aneka bhAratIya darzanoM meM prayukta samyagdarzana isI artha kA dyotaka hai| draSTavya- samyakdarzanasampannaH krmbhirnibdhyte| darzanena vihInastu saMsAraM prtipdyte|| -manusmRti 6/74 vaidika aura avaidika bhAratIya darzana kI ye do pramukha zAkhAyeM hai| inheM hI prAcIna vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para Astika aura nAstiska kahA jAtA hai| avaidika darzanoM ko nAstika kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye vedoM ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate haiN| (nAstiko vaidanindaka:) kintu yadi sUkSmadRSTi se ciMtana kareM to hama dekhate haiM ki sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika darzanoM kI utpatti bhI pUrNatayA laukika vicAroM se huI hai| veda kA virodha na karane vAle hone para bhI inakI utpatti vaidika vicAradhArA se nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ataH avaidika darzanoM meM jaina aura bauddha darzana ko nAstika kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki ye darzana, svarga,

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 naraka, mukti Adi pAralaukika tatvoM meM vizvAsa karate haiN| yadi pAribhASika rUpa meM veda virodhI hone se kucha darzanoM ko nAstika kahA jAtA hai to cArvAkU, bauddha tathA jaina darzanoM ko nAstika koTi meM rakhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai, kyoMki vAstava meM ye tInoM darzana vaidika vicAradhArA se sahamata nahIM hai| kucha loga aisA samajhane lage haiM ki bhAratIya darzana kI do zAkhAeM haiM- Astika aura naastik| tathA kathita vaidika darzanoM ko Astika aura jaina, bauddha darzanoM ko nAstika darzana kahate haiN| vAstava meM yaha vargIkaraNa mithyA hai| Astika aura nAstika zabda "asti nAsti diSTaM matiH' isa pANini sUtra ke anusAra bane haiN| unakA maulika artha yahI thA ki paraloka kI sattA ko mAnane vAlA Astika aura paraloka kI sattA ko na mAnane vAlA nAstika kahalAtA hai| isa artha meM jaina darzana ko nAstika kahA hI nahIM jA sktaa| zabda pramANa kI nirapekSatA se vastu tatva para vicAra karane ke kAraNa anya darzanoM kI apekSA jaina darzana kA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTya hai| vaidika dArzanika dRSTi se jaina darzana kI sArI dArzanika dRSTi bhinna hai| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM, kintu jaina darzana kA mahattva usakI prAcIna paraMparA ko chor3akara dUsare mahatva ke AdhAroM para bhI hai| kisI bhI dArzanika vicAradhArA kA mahattva taba hotA hai, jabaki vaha binA kisI pUrvAgraha ke prakRta vAstavika samasyAoM para vastuta: unhIM kI dRSTi se vicAra kare anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM zabda pramANa kI jo pramukhatA hai| vaha eka prakAra unake mahatva ko kucha kama hI kara detA hai| una darzanoM ke adhyayana se aisA lagatA hai ki vicAradhArA kI sthUla rUparekhA kA aMkana to zabda pramANa kara detA hai tathA tattaddarzana kevala usameM apane raMgoM ko hI bharanA cAhate haiN| isake viparIta jaina-darzana ke adhyayana se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai, jaise koI bilkula sApha pleTa para likhanA zuru karatA hai| dArzanika dRSTi ke vikAsa ke liye Avazyaka hai ki svataMtra vicAradhArA kI bhittI para apane vicAroM kA nirmANa kareM aura paraMparAgata pUrvAgrahoM se svayaM ko surakSita rakha ske| jaina dharmarUpI mahala cAra stambhoM para sthita hai| AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAnta, vANI meM syAdvAda aura samAja meM aprigrh| samaya-samaya para tIrthakaroM ne isI mahala kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA aura ise yugAnukUlatA dekara isake samIcIna svarUpa ko sthira kiyaa| saMsAra kA pratyeka sat kabhI, samUla naSTa nahIM hotA hai, parivartana avazya hotA hai| vaha utpAda vyaya tathA dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isa prakAra vilakSaNa hai| cetana yA acetana koI bhI isa niyama kA apavAda nhiiN| yaha "trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda" jaina darzana kI AdhArazilA hai| anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAda paddhati ke khambhoM se jaina-darzana kA toraNa ba~dhA hai| vividhA naya, saptabhaMgI, Adi isakI jhAlareM hai| neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke pandrahaveM sarga meM bhI, jaina darzana kA bahuzaH ullekha huA hai / jaina darzana meM jIva, ajIva, Asrava bandha saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa ina sAta tatvoM ke yathArtha jJAna ko mukti-mArga mAnA hai| jainAcArya ne ina sAta tatvoM meM puNya aura pApa ina do kA jor3akara, nau padArtha mAne haiN| mukti-mArga meM ratnatraya jaina darzana meM samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakacaritra kI "ratnatraya" saMjJA hai| "samayasAra

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 evaM "nayacakra" meM ratnatraya ko AtmA rUpa kahA hai| jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcaritra se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ye tInoM "taila vartikAdIpakanyAya" se mokSa ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya ciMtakoM ne mukti ko jIvAtmA kA sAdhya yA paramapuruSArtha nirUpita kiyA hai| mukti mArga ke jJAna ke binA mukti kI prApti saMbhava nahI hai| yadi kArAgRha meM par3e vyakti ko bandhana ke kAraNoM kA kathana kiyA jAye to vaha bhayabhIta hone lagatA hai, kintu yadi use vahAM se mukti kA upAya batAyA jAye to vaha AzAnvita hone lagatA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne samyak darzana samyak jJAna aura samyak caritra kI ekarUpatA ko mukti kA mArga svIkAra kiyaa| kSatra-cUDAmaNi meM mahAkavi vAdIbha siMha sUri ne bhI ina tInoM ke samUha ko mukti kA mArga mAnA hai|" samyagdarzana tattvoM ke yathArtha zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bana, saMvara, nirjarA, evaM mokSa ye sAta tattva mAne gaye haiN| samayasAra Adi meM ina sAta ke atirikta "puNya" evaM "pApa" ko bhI grahaNa karane se nau saMkhyA svIkAra kI gayI hai|12 bhAva yaha hai ki ina tatvoM ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara una para vaisI hI zraddhA karanA samyak darzana kahalAtA hai| samyak darzana, kA yaha svarupa vivecana jainAgama ke dravyAnuyoga ke anusAra hai| prathamAnuyoga tathA caraNAnuyoga ke anusAra to yathArtha deva, zAstra guru ke zraddhAna ko samyak darzana kahA jAtA hai| samyak-jJAna nayacakra aura dravyasaMgraha ke anusAra-AtmA evaM anya vastuoM ke svarUpa ko jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA se hIna tathA sandeha evaM viparItatA se rahita, jyoM kA tyoM jAnanA samyagjJAna kahalAtA hai| "viruddhAnekakoTisparzijJAnaM saMzayaH" arthAt "aisA hai ki aisA hai" isa prakAra paraspara viruddhatA pUrvaka do prakAra rupa jJAna ko saMzaya kahate haiN| jaise AtmA apanA kartA he yA para kA, yaha sIpa hai yA cAMdI, rassI hai yA sarpa, lUMTha yA yA puruSa aadi| "viparItakoTinizcayo viparyayaH' arthAta vastu-svarUpa se viruddhatA-pUrvaka aisA hI hai| isa prakAra kA eka rUpa jJAna viparyaya hai| jaise zarIra ko AtmA, jaannaa| jainAcAryoM ne isake pA~ca bheda batAye haiN| -matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayaH aura kevljnyaan| prathama do jJAnoM ko parokSa tathA bAda ke tIna jJAnoM ko pratyakSa jJAna kahA gayA hai| mukti kI prApti meM samyak jJAna upAdAna kAraNa hai| samyak cAritra jo doSa rahita samyak guNoM se yukta hai, sukha-duHkha meM bhI samAna rahatA hai, AtmA ke dhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa aura moha ko haTAkara jo svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vahI samyak cAritra hotA hai| vastutaH saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAle rAga-dveSAdi antaraMga kriyAoM aura hiMsA Adi bahiraMga kriyAoM se virakta hokara AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM sthira ho jAnA samyakcaritra kahalAtA hai| kSatra cUr3AmaNi meM kahA gayA hai ki samyak darzana aura samyak jJAna

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kA AtmA meM aTala rUpa se dhAraNa karanA samyak cAritra hai||" saptatattvoM kA vivecana "neminirvANa" kAvya ke paMcadaza sarga meM sAta tatvoM kA varNana AyA hai jinakA pRthak-pRthak varNana bhI huA hai| isameM jIva ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, aura mokSa ina sAtoM tattvoM kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki una tattvoM se tInoM loka vyApta hai aura inake jJAna se hI antataH mukti prApta hotI hai| yaha bhagavAn jinendra ne kahA hai| dhyAna cintA ke nirodha ko dhyAna kahate haiN| yadyapi dhyAna kI sthiti uttama saMhanana vAle ko antarmuhUrta taka hI hotI hai| kintu dhyAna kI bhAvanA calatI rahatI hai| isa lie badalate hue dhyeya kI bhAvanA ke sAtha dhyAna adhika samaya taka bhI raha sakatA hai| paM. ToDaramala ne likhA hai "eka kA mukhya cintana hoya ara anya cintA ruke, tAkA nAma dhyAna hai| jo sarva cintA rukane kA nAma dhyAna hoya to acetana mana ho jaaye| bahuri aisI bhI vividhatA hai jo saMtAna apekSA nAnA jJeya kA bhI jAnanA hoya, parantu yAvat vItarAgatA rahe, rAgAdi kari Apa upayoga ko bhramAve nAhI tAvat nirvikalpa dazA kahiye hai| 20 gati kI apekSA jIva ke nArakIya, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva ye cAra bheda karate hue unakI pravRttiyoM ke saMbandha meM nemi nirvANa meM dhyAnoM kA vivecana huA hai| dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM- Arta, raudra, dharma aura shukl| inameM aMtima do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa hai| prAraMbha ke do dhyAna aprazasta haiM aura saMsAra ke kAraNa haiN| tapa jaina darzana meM karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| icchA ke nirodha athavA caitanya ke pratapana ke lie tapa kahA gayA hai| tapa ko dharma ke dazalakSaNoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| jisa prakAra sone ke tapAne se usakA maila dUra ho jAtA hai isI prakAra tapa ke prabhAva se AtmA kA karmoM rUpI maila dUra ho jAtA hai| tapa indriya janya aura kAmabhAva ke nAza kA pramukha kAraNa hai| kSatracUr3AmaNi meM mukti kI prApti ke lie tapa ko atyanta Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki munirAja jaise mahApuruSa indrapane ke yogya vibhUti ko bhI chor3akara mukti ke hetu tapoM ko tapate haiM, unake liye bArambAra namaskAra ho| jaina darzana meM tapa ko karmoM kI nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnate hue bAhya aura Abhyantara ke bheda do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| isameM bAhya tapa chaH prakAra kA aura Abhyantara tapa chaH prakAra ke haiN| anazana, avamaudarya, vRtti parisaMkhyAna, rasa parityAga, viviktazyyAsana aura kAyakleza yaha chaH prakAra kA bAhya tapa hai| prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga, aura dhyAna, ye antaraMga tapa hai| tapa ke viSaya meM dhyAtavya hai ki zAstra vihita tapa hI kAryakArI hai| paMcAgni tapa Adi ko mahAkavi vAdIbhasiMha sUri heya tapoM meM ginate haiN| unakA kahanA

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 "paJcAgnimadhamasthAnaM, tato naivocitaM tpH| jntumaarnnhetutvaadaajvnyjvkaarnnm|| kSatracUDAmaNi 6/13 jaina darzana meM samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna sahita hokara 5 aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata aura 4 zikSA vratoM ke dhArI tathA sthUla paMcapApa ke tyAgI hote haiM, ve hI gRhastha (zrAvaka) kahalAte haiN| madyatyAga mAMsatyAga, madhutyAga, hiMsA tyAga (ahiMsANuvrata), asatya tyAga (satyANuvrata), cauryatyAga (acauryANuvrata), svadArasaMtoSa (brahmacaryANuvrata) aura parigrahatyAga (parigrahaparimANu vrata) ye zrAvaka ke aSTa mUla guNa haiN| aNuvrata gRhasthAzrama meM pAlanIya vrata pUrNataH tyAgI nahIM ho sakatA hai| ataeva eka deza vratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA hotA hai| eka-deza vratI ahiMsANuvrata, acauryaNuvrata, brahmacaryANuvrata, parigrahaparimANuvrata kA acchI prakAra pAlana karatA hai| saMkalpa pUrvaka saba jIvoM kI hiMsA kA parityAga karanA ahiMsANuvrata kahalAtA hai| gRhastha jIvana meM hiMsA cAra taraha se hotI hai| saMkalpI, virodhI, AraMbhI aura udyogI hiNsaa| AcArya somadeva ke zabdoM meM "yaH zastravRtti samare ripu syAt, yaH kaMTako vA nijmnnddlsy| astrANi tameva nRpAH kSipanti, na dIpa kAnIna shubhaashyessu|| arthAt dUsaroM kA bhAva ghAta ho, isa prakAra ke sthUla asatya ko jo nahIM bolatA aura dUsaroM ko usa prakAra ke prANIvadhAtmaka asatya ko bolane meM preraNA nahIM detA tathA dharma saMkaTa yA prANaghAta prasaMga meM satya bolane kA bhI jo Agraha nahIM karatA use munigaNa sthUla jhUTha vacana se virakti honA kahate haiN| rakhe hue, gire hue yA bhUle hue parAye dhana ko binA dekhe jo na to svayaM letA hai aura na uThAkara dUsaroM ko detA hai, use sthUla corI se virakta honA arthAt acauryANuvrata kahate haiN| vivAhita strI chor3akara itara samasta striyA~ parastrI kahalAtI haiN| apanI strI ko chor3akara pApa ke bhaya se parastriyoM ke prati svayaM gamana nahIM karanA sva dUsaroM ko gamana karane kI preraNA nahIM karanA, paradAra nivRtti nAmaka brahmacaryANuvrata hai ise svadAra saMtoSa nAmaka aNuvrata bhI kahate haiN| dhana dhAnyAdi parigrahoM ko apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra sImita kara itara sarvaparigrahoM meM nispRhatA dhAraNa karanA yaha parimita parigraha nAmaka vrata kahalAtA hai ise icchAparimANa nAma se bhI kahate haiN| saMsAra ke samasta dhanadhAnya saMpatti strI, putrAdi meM yaha mere hai, merA upakAra karane vAle haiM, aisI pariNati rakhanA parigraha hai| guNavrata vratI zrAvaka ko paMca aNuvratoM meM guNoM kI abhivRddhi ke liye tIna guNavratoM ke pAlana karane kI AvazyakatA hai, guNoM kI abhivRddhi karAne vAle hone ke kAraNa guNavrata saMjJA sArthaka hai| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI guNavratoM kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM- guNavratoM ke tIna bheda haiM, digvrata, anarthadaNDavrata aura bhogopabhoga primaannvrt| tInoM ke dvArA vratoM meM guNoM

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59 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kI vRddhi hotI hai| isalie inheM guNavratoM ke nAma se mahApuruSa kahate haiN| ina guNavratoM ke pAlana se vratI sAdhaka aneka pApoM se bacatA hai| itanA hI nahIM usake jIvana meM ananta AkAMkSAoM kA anta hone ke kAraNa Atma santoSI ho jAtA hai| ATha mUlaguNa mUlaguNa- svastha zarIra evaM nirmala mana ke AdhAra-zrAvaka kI sthiti meM mUla yA nIvarUpa hone se tathA mokSa ke mUla kAraNa hone se zrAvaka ke pramukha guNoM kI mUlaguNa anvartha saMjJA hai| isI prakAra sAdhu ke pramukha guNoM ko bhI mUlaguNa kahA gayA hai| "mAMsAziSu dayA nAsti, na satyaM mdypaayissu| AnRzaMsyaM na matryeSu, madha dumbrsevissu|" uparyukta vivecana se suspaSTa hai ki zarIra kI svasthatA evaM mana kI nirmalatA ke lie zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA meM nirdiSTa mUlaguNoM kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| isI meM samAja kI svasthatA hai| madyatyAga, mAMsatyAga aura madhutyAga ke sAtha pAMca aNuvratoM ke paripAlana ko vAdIbhasiMha ne zrAvaka ke ATha mUla guNa mAne haiN|" zikSAvrata aNuvratoM kA dhAraNa aura guNavratoM kA pAlana jisa prakAra Avazyaka hai usI prakAra zrAvaka ko cAra zikSAvratoM kA pAlana bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki ina se mahAvrata kI zikSA milatI hai| isaliye inakA nAma zikSAvrata sArthaka hai| zruta jJAna rUpI netra ko dhAraNa karane vAle zrAvaka ko ucita hai ki vaha dezAvakAzika Adi zikSA zikSAvratoM ko avazya dhAraNa kreN| zikSAvrata, cAra prakAra ke haiM dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura atithisaMvibhAga karma mithyAdarzana, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa jina pudgala varNaNAoM kA bandha hotA hai unheM karma kahate haiN| kSatracUDAmaNi meM aneka sthaloM para karma aura tAjjanya phaloM kA vivecana huA hai| ye karma ATha prakAra ke hai- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antraay| anuprekSA__jaina darzana meM saMvara ke prasaMga meM anuprekSAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mithyA darzana Adi karmoM ke Agamana rUpa Asrava dvAroM ke nirodha ko saMvara kahate haiN| jisa prakAra acchI taraha se banda kiye gaye dvAroM vAlA nagara zatruoM ke dvArA agamya ho jAtA hai usI prakAra anuprekSA Adi ke dvArA acchI taraha saMvara ko prApta AtmA karma-rUpI zatruoM ke dvAra agamya ho jAtA hai| anuprekSAoM meM saMsAra zarIra Adi ke svarUpa ko bAra-bAra ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai| tAki saMsAra zarIra Adi ke prati mumakSu kA anAsakta bhAva ho tathA vaha karmoM kA saMvara kara skeN| anuprekSAoM ko jainadarzana meM bhAvanA bhI kahA gayA hai inakI saMkhyA ciMtana yogya viSayoM ke AdhAra para mAnI gayI hai|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Astrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dhrm| AcArya amRtacanda sUri ne muni aura zrAvaka donoM ko hI ina bAraha anuprekSAoM ke nirantara ciMtana karane kA upadeza diyA hai|" ina 12 bhAvanAoM ke ciMtana se sAdhu apane vairAgyamaya jIvana ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| isaliye inheM saMvara kA kAraNa kahA jAtA hai| ina anuprekSAoM se jIva uttama kSamAdi dharmoM kA pAlana karate haiM aura pariSahoM ko jItane meM utsAha utpanna hotA hai| anekAnta___anekAMta kA artha hai paraspara virodhI do tatvoM kA ekatra smnvy| tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ dUsare darzanoM meM vastu ko kevala sat yA asat sAmAnya yA vizeSa, nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka aura bhinna yA abhinna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ jaina darzana meM vastu ko sat aura asat, sAmAnya aura vizeSa, nitya aura anitya, eka aura aneka tathA bhinna aura abhinna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA paraspara virodhI do tatvoM ke ekatra samanvaya ko sUcita karatI hai| saMdarbha1. darzana saMgraha (prastAvanA) DaoN. diivaancndr| 2. vedAnta-sAra (bhUmikA) DaoN. kRSNakAnta tripaatthii| 3. draSTavya- bhAratIya darzana (ena iMTroDakzana TU iNDiyana philAsphI kA hindI anuvAda) caTTopAdhyAya evaM datta pR. 3-4 4. aSTAdhyAyI 4/4/30 5. kSatra-cUDAmaNiH eka adhyayana- pRSTha 160 6. neminirvANa 15/6 tathA 15/46 7. nayacakra 323 evaM samayasAra gAthA 1/16 syAt samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra trityaatmkH| mArgo mokSasya bhavyAnAM yuktyaagmsunishcitH|| tatvArthasAra 1/3 9. draSTavya samayasAra 1/7 evaM nayacakra 321 10. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| tattvArthasUtra 1/1 ititrayI tu mArgaH syAdapavargasya naaprm| kSatracUDAmaNi 6/21 11. tattvArtha zraddhAnaM smygdrshnm| jIvAjIvAzravabandhasaMvara nirjarA mokssaastvm|| 12. bhUdattheNAmigadA jIvAjIvAya puNNapAva c| AsavasaMvaraNijjara baMdho mokkho ya smmt|| samayasAra 1/13 13. zraddhAnaM prmaarthaanaamaaptaagmtpobhRtaam| trimUDhApoDhamaSTAM samyagdarzanamasmayam 14. vatthUNa jaMsahAvaM jahaTTiyaM (NyapamaNa taha siddha) taMtaha va jANaNe iha samma pANaM jigaaviti|| 15. dravyasaMgraha 42 16. upekSaNaM tu cAritraM tattvArthAnAM sunishcitm| tattvArthasAra- 1/4 19. vRttaM ca tad dvayasyAtmannayaskhalad vRttidhaarnnm| kSatracUr3AmaNi 6/20 18. jIvAjIvAzravA bandhasaMvarau nirjraanvitau| mokSazca tAni tatvAni vyApnuvanti jgtrym| neminirvANa 15/51

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 19. uttmsNhnnsyaikaagrcintaanirodhodhyaanmaantrmuhuurtaat| tattvArthasUtra 9/27 20. mokSamArgaprakAzaka pRSTha-211 21. neminirvANa 15/56-61 22. aartraudrdhrmshuklaani| premoksshetuu| tatvArthasUtra 28-29 23. ataeva hi yogIndrA apiindrtvaarhsmpdm| tyaktvA tapAMsi tapyante muktyai tebhyo namo nmH|| kSatracUDAmaNi 3/25 24. anazanAvamaudarya- vRttipari saMkhyAn-rasaparityAgaH vivikta-zayAsana-kAmaklezAH bAhyaM tpH| tattvArthasUtra 9/19 25. prAyazcita-vinaya-vaiyAvRtta-svAdhyAya vyutsarga dhyaanaanyuttrm| tatvArthasUtra 9/20 26. ahiMsA satyamasteyaM svastrI mitvsugrhau| kSatracUr3AmaNi 7/22 27. sthUlamalIkaM na vadati, na parAn vAdayati satyamapi vipdi| yatadvadanti santaH sthuulmRssaavaadvairmrnnm|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-55 28. nihitaM vA patitaM vA suvismRtaM vA prsvsvisRssttm| na harati yatra ca datte tdkRshcauryaadRpaarmnnm| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-56 29. na tu paradArAn gacchati na parAn gamayati ca paapbhiiteryt| sA paradAra-nivRttiH svadArasaMtoSa naamaapi|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-59 30. dhanyadhAnyadigranthaM parimAya tatA dhikeSu nispRhtaa| parimita parigrahaH syaadicchaaprimaannnaamaapi| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra- 61 31. bhogopbhogsNhaaro'nrthdnnddvrtaanvitH| guNAvRhaNAd jJeyaM divratena gunnaanvitm|| kSatracUr3AmaNi 7/24 32. digvratamanartha daNDavrataMca bhogopbhogprimaannN| anuvRMhaNAd guNAnAmAkhyAti gunnvrtaanyaaryaaH|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAra 67 33. nayana jAgRti (traimAsika patrikA janavarI 2010) DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, pR. saMkhyA 21 34. ahiMsA satyamasteyaM svstriimitivsugrhau| madyamAMsamadhutyAgai-steSAM muulgunnaassttkm|| kSatracUDAmaNi 7/23 35. zikSAvratAni dezAvakAzikAdIni sNshryet| zruticakSustAni zikSApradhAnAni vrtnihi|| sAgaradharmAmRta 24/5 36. saproSadhopasAsena vrataM sAmayikena c| dezavakAzikena syAd vaiyAvRtyaM tushiksskm|| kSatracUDAmaNi 7/22 37. kSatracUr3AmaNi 1/19, 71, 3/26 Adi 38. Adyo jJAna darzanAvaraNa- vedanIya- mohanIyAyu naamgotraattraayaaH| tatvArthasUtra- 8/4 39. sa guptisamiti- dhrmaanuprekssaaprisshjycaaritraiH| tatvArthasUtra 9/2 44. anityAzaraNa-saMsAraikatvAnyatvAzucyAstravasaMvara- nirjraa| loka-bodhidurlabha dhrmsvaakhyaatttvaamucintnmnuprekssaaH| tatvArthasUtra-119/7 41. adhruvmshnnmektvmnytaa'shaucmaastrvojnm| lokavRSabodhisaMvaranirjarAH sttmnuprekssaaH|| puruSArtha siddhupayAya- 205 pradhAnAcArya neharu smAraka iNTara kAleja geTara noeDA (u.pra.)

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AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya meM dharma ___ -nirmalA jaina svabhAva dharma hai| jIva kA svabhAva Ananda hai, aindriya sukha nahIM, atIndriya Ananda hI jIva kA dharma hai| jina kAryoM ko karane meM Ananda prApta hotA hai vaha dharma hai| dharma do prakAra kA hai- eka bAhya dUsarA antrNg| pUjA, dAna, zIla, tyAga Adi karanA bAhya dharma tathA sAmyatA va vItarAga bhAva kI adhikAdhika sAdhanA karanA antaraMga dharma/ nizcaya dharma hai| jo prANiyoM ko saMsAra duHkha se uThAkara uttama sukha vItarAgatA ko dhAraNa karAtA hai vaha dharma hai| vItarAga dharma adharma kA vinAzaka hai| tattvArtha sUtra kI prAcIna TIkA sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai- "iSTa sthAne dhatte iti dhrmH"| jo iSTa sthAna meM dharatA hai vaha dharma hai arthAt jo svarga/mokSa meM dhAraNa karatA hai| nija zuddha bhAva hI dharma hai| yaha saMsArI jIvoM kI caturgati duHkhoM se rakSA karatA hai| "mithyAtvarAgAdi saMsaraNa rUpeNa bhAva saMsAre prANinamuddhRtya nirvikArazuddhacaitanye dharatIti dhrmH| mithyAtva va rAgAdi meM saMsaraNa karane rUpa bhAva saMsAra se prANI ko uThAkara jo nirvikAra zuddha caitanya meM dhAraNa karA de, vaha dharma svabhAva se apanI AtmA meM sukha amRta rUpI zItala jala se saMsAra du:kha kA kAraNa kAma krodhAdi rUpa agni ke lie zAnta bhAva nizcaya se saMsAra meM rata AtmA ko jo dhAraNa kare vaha vizuddha jJAna darzana bhAvanA rUpa dharma hai| vyavahAra naya se usake sAdhana ke lie indra cakravartI kA pada vandana yogya hai, use prApta karane kA uttama kSamAdi daza prakAra kA dharma hai| jo dharmAtmA puruSoM ko nIca pada se ucca pada meM dhAraNa karAtA hai vaha dharma hai| saMsAra nIca pada aura mokSa ucca pada hai|" ahiMsAH dharma svarUpa jainAgama meM sarvatra ahiMsA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko parama dharma bhI kahA gyaa| "ayaM jinopadiSTo dharmo'hiMsAlakSaNaH satyAdhiSThito vinymuulH| kSamAbalo brahmacarya gupta upazamapradhAnI niyati lakSaNo nissprigrhtaalmbnH| arthAt jinendra deva ne jo yaha ahiMsA lakSaNa dharma kahA hai, satya usakA AdhAra hai, vinaya usakI jar3a hai, kSamA usakA bala hai, bahmacarya se rakSita hai, upazama usakI pradha natA hai, niyati usakA lakSaNa hai, niSparigrahatA usakA avalambana hai| dharma dayA se vishuddh| nirmala hotA hai| jahA~ dayA hai, vaha dharma hai dayA meM ahiMsA, karuNA, maitrI Adi kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| "so dhammo jattha dayA" tathA "dhammo dyaavishuddho"| "jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhammo", jIvoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 dhammo vatthusahAvo khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| cArittaM khalu dhammo jIvANaM rakkhaNaM dhmmo||" vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| dasa prakAra- kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya Adi bhAva dharma hai| ratnatraya ko dharma kahate haiM aura jIvoM kI rakSA karane ko dharma kahate haiN| yahAM para AcArya ne dharma ke vividha svarUpoM ko batalAyA hai| jIva Adi padArthoM ke svarupa kA nAma dharma hai| jaise zuddha buddha caitanya svarUpa hai, yahI caitanya usakA dharma hai| agni kA svabhAva uSNatA hai aura jala kA svabhAva zItalatA hai| yahI usakA dharma hai tathA uttama kSamAdi rUpa AtmapariNAma bhI dharma hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa tInoM ratna bhI dharma hai| isa prakAra prANiyoM kI rakSA karanA dharma hai| sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmezvarAH viduH|10 samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra dharma hai aisA bhI kahA gayA hai| vyavahAra dharma aura nizcaya dharma svarUpa vyavahAra dharma- "paMcaparameSThyAdi bhaktipariNAmarUpo vyvhaar-dhrmstaavducyte| paMca parameSThI Adi kI bhakti ke pariNAma se vyavahAra dharma hotA hai| jise puNya bhI kahA gayA "dharmazabdenAtra puNyaM kthyte| 12 "gRhasthAnAmAhAradAnAdikameva paramo dharmastenaiva samktvapUrveNa paraMparayA mokSaM lbhnte|"13 AhAra dAna Adi caturvidha dAna gRhasthoM kA parama dharma hai| samyaktva dharma se paraMparAgata mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| "vyavahAradharme ca punaH SaDAvazyakAdilakSaNe gRhasthApekSayA dAnapUjAdi- lakSaNe vA zubhopayoga svarUpe ratiM kuru|' sAdhuoM kI dRSTi se bhI SaDAvazyaka dharma hai tathA gRhasthoM kI dRSTi se dAna, pUjAdi zubha upayoga vyavahAra dharma hai| nizcaya dharma svarUpa Atmadharma, vizuddhadharma hai, yaha vizuddhatA bhI uttama pariNAmoM se AtI hai| jisake viSaya meM sabhI AcAryoM ne spaSTa kathana kiyA hai ki Atma pariNAma se samabhAva utpanna hotA hai yahI atizayatA ko prApta hotA hai| "cArittaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samo tti nnidittttho| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo hi smo|''15 apane svarUpa kA AcaraNa cAritra hai| vaha dharma vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| jo samabhAva hai caMcalatA se rahita AtmA kA pariNAma hai| vItarAga cAritra, dharma, sama pariNAma, AtmA kA pariNAma ekArtha vAcaka hai| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhmmo|" arthAt moha va kSobha rahita (rAga dveSa va yogoM se rahita) AtmA ke pariNAma dharma hai| vastusvarUpa kI apekSA rAgAdi hI hiMsA, adharma va avrata hai aura unakA tyAga hI ahiMsA

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64 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 dharma va vrata hai| rAgAdi samasta doSoM se rahita hokara AtmA meM hI rata honA dharma hai| pravacanasAra/tattvArtha dIpikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai "vstusvbhaavvtvaaddhrmH| zuddha caitnyaaprkaashnmityrthH| ........ tato'yamAtmA dharmeNa pariNato dharma eva bhvti|"18 arthAt vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| isakA artha hai- zuddha caitanya kA prakAza krnaa| isalie dharma se pariNata AtmA hI dharma hai| "rAgAdidoSoM se rahita tathA zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti sahita nizcaya dharma hotA hai|"19 dharma bheda-prabheda "uttama khamamaddavajjavasaccasauccaM ca saMyama cev| tavatAgakiMcaNhaM vamhA iti dasaviMha hodi arthAt uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcana aura brahmacarya dharma ke daza bheda haiN| "saMpUrNadezabhedAmyAM sa ca dharmo dvidhA bhvet|21 ___ saMpUrNa aura eka deza se dharma ke do prakAra hai| muni va gRhastha dharma yA anagAra va sAgAra dharma bhI isI prakAra ke haiN| dayA dharma gRhastha aura muni donoM hI pAlana karate haiN| vahI dha ma samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpa utkRSTa ratnatraya kahalAne lagatA hai tathA uttama kSamAdi ke bheda se daza prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| jIva ke zubha, azubha tathA zuddhadharma jo vastu jisa samaya, jisa rUpa pariNamita hotI hai, vaha usakA svabhAva ho jAtA hai| vaha svabhAva zubha, azubha aura zuddha hotA hai| jisake viSaya meM kahA hai jIvo pariNamadi jadA suheNa asuheNa vasuho asuho| suddheNa tadA suddho havadi hi pariNAma sbbhaavo|| jaba yaha jIva zubha athavA azubha pariNAmoM ko karake pariNamatA hai taba vaha zubha va azubha hotA hai| arthAt jaba yaha dAna, pUjA vratAdirUpa zubha pariNAmoM se pariNamatA taba zubha dharma hotA hai, aura jaba viSaya, kaSAya, avratAdirUpa azubha bhAvoM ko karake pariNata hotA hai taba azubha dharma hotA hai| jaba yaha jIva Atmika vItarAga zuddha bhAva svarUpa pariNamatA hai taba zuddha dharma hotA hai| jaba jIva zubha dharma karatA hai to svarga sukha ko prApta karatA hai aura jaba yaha jIva vItarAga Atmika dharma arthAt zuddha dharma karatA hai to mokSa prApta karatA hai| yahI jIva jaba viSaya kaSAyAdi karatA hai to saMsAra bhramaNa karatA hai| dharma zabda nizcaya se jIva kA zuddha pariNAma hai| usameM hI naya vibhAga rUpa se vItarAga sarvajJa praNIta sarvadharma antarbhUta ho jAte haiN| jaba jIva ke zuddha bhAva hote haiM yaha zuddha kahalAne lagatA hai| uttama kSamAdi dharma bhI jIva ke zuddha bhAva haiN| ratnatraya dharma bhI zuddha haiM rAga dveSa moha ke abhAva rUpa lakSaNa vAlA dharma bhI jIva kA zuddha svabhAva hai| vastu svabhAva bhI zuddha

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 dharma hI hai| isa prakAra vividha cintana se spaSTa hai ki dharma AtmA kA svabhAva hai, jo sadaiva banA rahatA hai, kintu apane apane jIva ke pariNAma se vaha vividha rUpa ko prApta hotA hai| isalie pariNAmoM kI apekSA zubha, azubha aura zuddha upayoga vAlA jo dharma hai vaha isa bAta kI ora saMketa karatA hai ki sabhI ke ciMtana ke pazcAt zubha aura azubha donoM hI mokSa meM sahAyaka nahIM hai| paramAtma kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para dharma AtmA kA svabhAva hai isalie zuddha bhAva yukta AtmA mokSa prApta karatA hai| saMdarbha: 1. 2. sarvArthasiddhi 9/2/789 3. 4. 5. 6. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 12 paramAtpa prakAza 2/68 ( mahApurANa 47/382 ), ( cAritrasAgara 3 / 1 ) pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 7/9/9 dravya saMgraha / TIkA 35 paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha 7/5 7. bodhapAhuDa 25 ( niyamasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 6 meM uddhRta) (darzana pAhuDa TIkA 2/2/20) 8. sarvArthasiddhi 9/7/8/0/2 9. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 478 ( darzana pAhuDa/TIkA/9/8) 10. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 3 11. pravacanasAra/ tAtparyavRtti 8/9/18 12. paramAtmaprakAza - 2/3/116/10 13. paramAtmaprakAza / TIkA 2/11-4213/14 14. paramAtmaprakAza / TIkA 2/134/251/2 15. pravacanasAra 7 16. bhAvapAhuDa 83 ( paramAtmaprakAza 2/68) 17. bhAvapAhuDa 85 18. pravacanasAra / tattvapradIpikA 7,8 65 19. paMcAstikAya / tAtparyavRtti 85 / 143 20. bArasa aNupekkhA / 60, (tattvArthasUtra 9/6), bhagavatI ArAdhanA / vi.46/154/10 21. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA 6/4 (bArasa aNupekkhA / 68), (kArtikeyAnuprekSA / 304 ), ( cAritrasAra 3 / 1), (paMcAdhyAyI uttarArdha 7/7) 22. paMcaviMzatikA 1/7 (dravya saMgraha TIkA 35 / 145/3) 23. pravacanasAra 9 24. paramAtma prakAza/ TIkA 2/68/190/8 -sAkSI, 23, zAnti nagara, e-blaoNka, kezavanagara roDa, akSAMza kAmpaleksa ke sAmane, udayapura (rAjasthAna)

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jaina nyAya evaM darzana: eka adhyayana _ -DaoN. jyotibAbU jaina bhAratIya paraMparA meM ciMtana ko vizeSa mahatva diyA gayA hai, jisameM bauddhika vyavahArika evaM dhArmika ciMtana ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra para vicAra kiyA gayA aura jisameM pratyeka yuga kI paristhiti vAtAvaraNa Adipara prakAza DAlA gayA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM koI sImA nahIM rahI isameM mAnava buddhi dvArA jitanA bhI ciMtana huA hai vaha vividha mUlyoM ke lie hue atyanta vaijJAnika tathA jIvana aura jagata ke gaMbhIra rahasya ko pratipAdita karane vAlA hai| isameM yathArtha ke sAtha-sAtha Adarza kA nirUpaNa bhI huA hai aura sAmAnya dRSTi se jaba usake mUlya para vicAra karate haiM to darzana kI dRSTi se vastu svarUpa ke ciMtana tathya nirUpaNa evaM pramANa aura naya kI vivakSA bhI kI gayI hai| bhAratIya darzana Atmadharma pradhAna darzana hai| isameM inake vicArakoM ne Atma tattva ke gaveSaNA meM apanI zakti lagAI hai| jisakI dhurI para saMsAra cakra ghUmatA hai| isake dRSTikoNa meM sabhI prakAra ke vicAroM kA maMthana hai, yaha jahAM Atmatattva kI ora le jAtA hai vahIM vyakti ko 'AtmA hai' isI ko kendrita karake dArzanika isakI utpatti sthiti tathA usase mukti kI ora gatizIla ho jAtA hai| vaha bhUta meM samAhita hokara punarjanma ke kathana meM bhI alaga- alaga dRSTikoNa ko khola letA hai- AtmA hai, AtmA jIvana hai, AtmA jJAna hai, AtmA parama jJAna hai, paramAtmA hai, ityAdi eka hI ciMtana jIvana ke lie naye-naye Adarza upasthita karA jAtA hai yahI darzana kA eka pakSa hai AtmA saMbandhI dRSTikoNa ke vividha rUpoM ko mAnava mastiSka meM sthAna banA letA hai jise darzana kI dRSTi se nyAya tarka yA buddhi kA eka hI vastu para vizeSa ciMtana kahA jAtA haiN| darzana zabda aura usakI vyApakatA darzana-ciMtana kA nAma hai jisameM mAnava vicAroM ke sabhI pakSa rahate haiN| darzana dRz dha tu se banA aisA jaba kathana karate haiM taba dRza kA artha dekhanA avalokana karanA yA vastu kA nirIkSaNa karanA hotA hai jise nyAya kI dRSTi se darzana nahIM kaha skte| dArzanikoM ne darzana ko jahA~ "dRzyate'nena iti darzanam' arthAt jisake dvArA dekhA jAtA hai, vahIM para darzana ke lie ciMtana kA viSaya bhI kahA hai| darzana Atma dRSTi kA nAma hai jise aMtara dRSTi bhI kahate haiN| jo sUkSma dRSTi prajJA cakSu jJAna cakSu aura divya dRSTi bhI kahI jAtI hai| DaoN. mahendra kumAra jaina ne jaina darzana ke viSaya praveza meM darzana ke yathArthatA para prakAza DAlate hue kathana kiyA hai ki darzana kA moTA aura spaSTa artha hai "sAkSAtkAra karanA pratyakSajJAna se kisI vastu kA nirNaya karanA" jaina darzana ke prasiddha vicAraka evaM ciMtanazIla mahAmanA DaoN. darabArI lAla koThiyA ne darzana ko ciMtana

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67 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kA viSaya mAnA hai aura kahA hai dharma kA / vastu svarUpa kA jina vicAroM dvArA samarthana kiyA jAtA hai vaha vicAra darzana hai|' siddhAnta kI dRSTi se darzana ruci pratyaya zraddhA aura darzana ye sabhI samAnArthaka zabda haiN| isa dRSTi se Apta, Agama aura padArtha ke prati jo ruci hotI hai vaha darzana kahA jAtA hai| dhavalAkAra ne jise Apta Agama evaM padArthoM ke pratyaya meM ruci zraddhA unake prati dRSTi bhAva sparza bhAva ko darzana kahA "darzanam tattvarocakam" darzana kA nAma tattva ruci hai" jIva ajIva, Asrava, baMdha , saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva kahe gaye haiN| inake prati ruci yA zraddhA kA nAma darzana hai, dUsarI ora vastu kA yathArtha zraddhAna ko darzana kahA jAtA hai|' darzana kA nAma Atma pariNAma bhI hai jo darzana mohanIya karma ke kSaya kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai jise dRSTi bhI kahate haiN| isameM yaha bhAva bhI nihita hai ki jitane bhI jIva jagata ke padArtha haiM ve sabhI hamAre dvArA jAne jAte haiM unakA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai aura unake rahasya ko samajhane ke lie jisa dRSTi kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhI darzana hai| upayoga kI dRSTi se darzana jIvo uvayogamAyo jIva ko upayoga svarUpa mAnA gayA hai| upayoga meM jJAna aura darzana donoM hI samAhita haiM prasiddha dArzanika siddhasena divAkara ne isI AdhAra para darzana kA artha sAmAnya grahaNa kiyA hai| yathArtha meM jIva svabhAva se sAmAnya pradhAna hai jo kAraNa vizeSa se artha kI ora pravRtta hotA hai isaliye use darzana kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyabodho darzanam" jise sAmAnya arthAt vastu ke saMpUrNa viSaya kA bodha hotA hai use darzana kahate haiM avalokana vRtti kA nAma bhI darzana hai dhavalAkAra ne isa liye kahA hai "svarUpasaMvedanaM darzanam''11 darzana kA nAma nyAya RSi paraMparA ke viSaya meM vicAra karate haiM to sUtrapAhuDa kA sUtra saMpUrNa sthiti ko spaSTa kara detA hai| arahatabhAsiyatthaM gaNaharadevehiM gaMthiyaM smm| suttatthamaggaNatthaM savaNA sAhati prmtthN| 12 arthAt kevalajJAna prApta hone para arihaMta avasthA meM jo kucha kathana kiyA jAtA hai usameM artha hI rahatA hai artha kA vAstavika svarUpa rahasya hai jisameM saMpUrNa lokAloka ke viSaya kA yathArtha citraNa kiyA hotA hai unake ziSya usa citraNa ko prastuta karate hue unakI jo vyAkhyAyeM kI jAtI hai| ye vividha kSetroM meM vividha rUpoM ko dhAraNa karatI huI jaga-jana ko olokita karatI haiN| zruti tIrthagata hai jinameM dharma darzana aura nyAya tInoM hI samAhita hote haiN| (ka) dharma - vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha citraNa

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 (kha) darzana- vastu tattva kA vicAroM dvArA samarthana (ga) nyAya- vicAroM ke sUtroM ko khaNDana maMDana evaM zaMkA samAdhAna rUpa meM dRr3ha krnaa| nyAya darzana vicAroM ko hetu pUrvaka prastuta karanA nyAya kI pramukhatA hai| AcArya devasena ne darzanasAra tattvasAra Adi graMthoM meM vastu svarUpa ko pratipAdita karane ke lie svamata aura para mata donoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai, jo vaidika evaM zramaNa paraMparA meM sarvatra vidyamAna hai| kyoMki unhoMne pratyeka yuga ke anusAra vastu svarUpa ko samajhA aura apane yuga taka Ate-Ate darzana ke ciMtana ko nyAya saMgata banAne ke lie jo tarka zailI prastuta kI hai vaha zAzvata saMpUrNa evaM vastu ke hara pakSa ko prastuta karane vAlA hai| jaina nyAya kA vikAsa __ Agama kA viSaya atyanta hI gaMbhIra hai jinheM zruta kahA gayA hai| ve zruta aMga Agama upAMga Agama Adi ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| unameM sarva prathama nimna nyAya saMbandhI viSayoM kA samAveza huaa| (1) AtmavAdI dRssttikonn| (2) lokavAdI / jIvajagata aura vizva saMbandhI vicAra kA dRssttikonn| (3) karmavAdI dRssttikonn| jo inake mUla viSaya meM hai vaha prazna aura uttara donoM hI liye hue haiM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyA prajJapti Adi aMga Agama graMthoM meM prAkRta meM hI unake prazna kiye gaye aura prAkRta meM hI unake uttara diye gye| praznottara kI vastu sthiti meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM hI vidyamAna hai| kiM vatthu atthi? jaba yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai taba mAtra asti yA mAtra nAsti hI upasthita nahIM hote usa samaya nitya, anitya, asat, bheda, abheda tad atad nirAkara sAkAra Adi kI dRSTi bhI sAmane AtI hai| SaTkhaNDAgama, kaSAyapAhuDa evaM anya anya AcAryoM ke graMthoM meM apekSAkRta vastu kA vyavahAra huA hai| vahAM saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta guNa paryAya utpAda vyaya dhruva sat asat sAmAnya vizeSa nitya anitya ityAdi tarka garbhita praznottara nyAya kI ora le jAte haiN| nyAya yuga kA vibhAjana (ka) Adiyuga I. 200 I. 650 samaMtabhadra kAla (kha) madhyakAla I. 650 se 1050 akalaMka kAla (ga) aMtakAla I. 1050 se I. 1700 prabhAcandra kAla nyAya yuga kA anya vibhAjana(1) Agamayuga kA nyAya (2) Agama kA vyAkhyAyuga aura usakA nyAya (3) pramANa zAstra vyavasthA kA yuga aura usakA nyAya navIna nyAya yuga

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 Adhunika nyAya yuga ukta dRSTi se bhI nyAya kI paraMparA ko pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthakara paMraparA se lekara aba taka jo kucha bhI jinAgama kA sAra hai yA jise jana jana taka pahu~cAyA jA rahA hai usameM tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA umA svAmI ke sUtrAtmaka prayogoM meM jo nyAya kA pravartana huA hai vaha ciMtana ke sUtroM para AdhArita hai| AcArya kunda kunda ne paMcAstikAya kI vyavasthA meM saMpUrNa jIvajagata kI vastu sthiti kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| svasamaya aura para samaya kI vyAkhyA ke sUtroM se jur3A samayasAra Atma tattva kA yathArtha citraNa karatA hai| jJAna jJeya, kunda-kunda ke priya viSaya haiM parantu pravacana sAra meM ye tInoM mata-matAMtaroM ko lekara svasamaya kA vivecana karate haiN| para samaya ke ciMtana ko bhI sAmane rakhate hue apane viSaya meM gaMbhIra vicAra kiyaa| unhoMne pramANa, naya, nikSepa, Adi ko syAdvAda evaM anekAnta kI dRSTi se khaNDana-maNDana para vizeSa bala diyaa| samaMtabhadra ke pazcAt pUjyapAda, siddhasena Adi AcAryoM ne nyAya kI paraMparA ko bddh'aayaa| akalaMka ne apane buddhi se tarka kA eka aisA AdhAra banAyA jisameM sabhI pakSa khula kara sAmane aaye| vaidika evaM zramaNa paraMparA ke jaina aura bauddha tathA anya sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika kI samagra dRSTi ne tarka ko vizeSa mahatva diyaa| prabhAcandra, siddhasena, hemacandra, dharmabhUSaNa, yazovijaya, haribhadra Adi ke vikAsa krama ke sAtha-sAtha nyAya kI paraMparA satrahavIM aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka niraMtara hI calatI rhii| unnasavIM bIsavIM zatAbdI meM nyAya AcArya zAMtisAgara se pUrva zruta adhyayana evaM adhyApana kI dRSTi meM kyA bheda thA yaha spaSTa nahIM, parantu AcArya zAMti sAgara ne tattva AcAra vicAra evaM vyavahAra kI dRSTi se yuga ko naI pahicAna dii| AcArya dezabhUSaNa AcArya jJAna sAgara, AcArya ajita sAgara evaM anya AcAryoM ne tarka ko vizeSa mahatva diyaa| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya jJAna sAgara ne aneka graMthoM kI racanAyeM kI aura unake mUla meM tArkika zailI ko AdhAra banAkara vastu tattva kA vivecana kiyaa| unakI pravacanasAra TIkA evaM tattvArthasUtra TIkA meM nyAya ke sabhI pakSa vidyamAna haiN| isase pUrva nyAyAcArya gaNeza prasAda varNI evaM anya vidvAnoM ne nyAya ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| jinendra varNI kA naya darpaNa eka sundaratama kRti hai nyAyAcArya mANikacandra jI kaundeya, paM. sukhalAla siMghavI, paM. baMzIdhara jI vyAkaraNAcArya, DaoN. mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, DaoN. gulAba candra daMDI, paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyAM, paM. baMzIdhara nyAyAlaMkAra, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, paM. bAlacandra zAstrI, paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI, paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, paM. mANikacandra, paM. amRtalAla zAstrI, AcArya vidyAnaMda, paM. javAharalAla siddhAntazAstrI, DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA, paM. udayacandra jaina, paM. phUlacanda zAstrI, AryikA jJAnamati, AryikA vizuddhamati, AryikA supArzvamati, Adi kA jaina nyAya ke vikAsa meM ullekhanIya yogadAna hai| naya kI vividha paribhASAyeM* zrutajJAna ke Azraya ko lie hue jJAnI kA jo vikalpa vastu ke aMza ko grahaNa

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 karatA hai use naya kahate haiN| usa jJAna se jo yukta hotA hai vaha jJAnI hai|| samyakjJAna ko pramANa aura jJAtA ke hRdaya ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN| jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN| pramANa ke avayava naya hai| * pramANa ke dvArA grahaNa kI huI vastu ke eka aMza ko grahaNa kareM vaha naya hai| isI bAta ko vIrasena AcArya isa prakAra kahate haiN| * pramANaparigRhItArthekadeze vastvadhyavasAyo nyH|" pramANa ke dvArA grahaNa kI gayI vastu ke eka aMza meM vastu kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna naya hai| tAvadvastunyanekAntAtmanyavirodhena hetvarpavAtsAdhyavizeSasya yathAtmyaprApaNapravaNa prayogo nyH| anekAnta vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhya vizeSa kI yathArthatA ke prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate haiN||8 vastu ke aneka svarUpa meM unameM se kisI eka nizcita svarUpa ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna naya kahalAtA hai| naya kA svarUpa evaM bheda kisI vastu ke viSaya meM jJAtA kA jo abhiprAya hotA hai vaha naya hai| kahA hai "jJAturabhiprAyo nayaH" vastu ke viSaya meM jJAtA kA jo abhiprAya hotA hai vaha naya hai| naya vastu ke aMza ko jAnatA hai jabaki pramANa samagra vastu ko jAnatA hai isaliye eka aMzagrAhI jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN| sabhI vastueM anantadharmAtmaka hotI hai jJAtA apane prayojana ke anusAra una ananta dharmo meM se se kisI eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai| eka hI vastu meM vibhinna jJAtAoM ke vibhinna dharmo ko lekara vibhinna abhiprAya ho sakate haiN| ye sabhI abhiprAya naya kahalAte haiN| pratyeka naya yA abhiprAya vastu ke kevala eka dharma ko grahaNa karatA hai paraMtu vaha dUsare dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA apitu anya dharma sApekSa hotA hai isI kAraNa yaha sunaya kahalAtA hai| yadi anya dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa karane lage to usakA abhiprAya durnaya ho jAtA hai, ina naya pramANoM aura nikSepoM ke dvArA jIvAdi padArthoM kA yathArtha jJAna hotA hai| vartamAna upalabdha naya viSayaka svataMtrakRti AcArya devasena kI hai| AcArya devasena dvArA racita nayacakra prAkRta bhASA meM hai| isa nayacakra meM AcArya devasena ne saMpUrNa nayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jaM NANINa viyappaM suyabheyaM vatthuaMsa sNghnnN| taM iha NayaM pauttaM NANI puNa tehi nnaannehi| jahmA Na eNa viNA hoi Narassa siyavAya pddivtttii| tahmA so bohavvo eaMtaM htukaamenn|| jJAnI kA jo vikalpa hai use naya kahate haiN| athavA zruta jJAna ke bheda ko naya kahate

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 71 haiN| yA vastu eka aMzagrAhI ko jJAniyoM ne naya kahA hai isalie naya na pUrNa jJAna hai na ajJAna hai parantu jJAnAMza hai| naya meM dravya kA pUrNa jJAna nahIM hotA apitu kevala vastu aMzagrAhI hotA hai| naya ke binA syAdvAda kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| isalie syAdvAda siddhi evaM ekAnta khaMDana ke liye naya kI apekSA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki "NayamUlo aNeyaMto" anekAMta kA mUla naya hai| vastu anaMkAMta svarUpa hai| anekAMta ko jAnane para hI vastu ke svarUpa ko jAna sakate haiN| jaba vastu ke svarUpa ko jAneMge tabhI samyakdRSTi ho sakate haiN| je NayadiTiThavihINAM tesiMNa hu vtthuruuvuvlddhi| vatthusahAvavihUNA sammAiTThI kahaM huNti| naya dRSTi se rahita vyakti vastu svarUpa ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| vastu svabhAva rahita jIva samyak dRSTi nahIM ho sktaa| nayanirUpaNa: mUla naya dravyArthika paryAyArthika pratyeka vastu dravya evaM paryAyAtmaka hai| dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyArthika naya hai| inhI dono mUla nayoM meM zeSa nayoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| vaise jitane bhI vacana bhAga hai, utane hI naya hai ata: nayoM kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai ve asaMkhyAta naya dravyArthika nayoM ke hI bheda hai kyoMki una sabakA viSaya yA to dravya hotA hai yA pryaay| do ceva mUlimaNayA bhaNiyA dvvtthpjytthgyaa| aNNaM asaMkhasaMkhA te tabbheyA munneyvvaa| naya zruta jJAna ke bheda hai aura ve naigama Adi ke bheda se sAta prakAra ke haiM ve naya dravya aura paryAya mUlaka hai arthAt ina nayoM kA mUla dravya aura paryAya hai| dravya vaha paryAya hai jisameM ekatva aura anvaya kA anugamana pAyA jAtA hai| dravya ekatva ke dvArA sva paryAyoM kA tathA anvaya ke dvArA dravyAMtaroM kA anugamana karatA hai| yahA~ ekatvAnugama ke dvArA bhedakAnta kA niSedha kiyA hai aura anvayAnugama zabda ke dvArA saba dravyoM meM ekatva kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai vaha dravya nizcayAtmaka hotA hai| saMzayAdi kA vyavacheda karake grahaNa karane kA nAma nizcaya hai aura isa prakAra kA jisakA svabhAva hai use nizcayAtmaka kahate haiN| kevala dravya hI nizcayAtmaka nahI hai; kintu paryAya bhI nizcayAtmaka hotI hai| isake atirikta paryAya vyatireka aura pRthaktva kA anugamana karatI hai| paraspara vyAvRtti ko vyatireka kahate haiN| svadravya kI paryAyAMtaroM kI apekSA se paryAyoM meM vyatireka pAyA jAtA hai tathA dravyAMtaroM kI apekSA se pRthaktva pAyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra paryAyoM meM vyatireka aura pRthaktva donoM bAteM pAyI jAtI hai| dravyArthika naya kA mUla nizcaya hai aura paryAyArthika naya kA mUla vyavahAra hai| jIva-ajIva dravya kA jo sat svabhAva hai jo kabhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| usako avalambana karane

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72 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 vAlA naya nizcaya naya hai tathA jo svabhAva naSTa ho jAtA hai usakA avalambana karane vAlA vyavahAra (paryAyArthika) naya hai| dravyArthika naya dravya ke Azrita hai aura paryAyArthika naya paryAya ke Azrita hai| naya kA svarUpa jaina siddhAMta ke sabhI vicArakoM ne naya kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura usakI sArthakatA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai naya vastu/ padArtha ke artha viziSTa prayojana, viziSTa kAraka, vyaMjaka bhAva abhiprAya Adi ko prastuta karane vAlA hotA hai isameM jaTila se jaTila samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hotA hai aura vaktA ke abhiprAya ko bhI spaSTa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM saMzaya ko sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA vaktA jo kucha kahatA hai yA vicAraka jo kucha vicAratA hai vaha vastu ko nahIM jJAna ko rakhakara bolatA yA vicAratA hai| vaktA kA prayojana naya haiN| pramANaparigRhIta artha ke ekadeza kA jo adhyavasAya hotA hai vaha naya hai| dhavalA evaM jayadhavalA meM jJAtA ke abhiprAya ko naya kahA gayA hai| abhiprAya se hI pramANa parigRhIta artha ke eka deza kA adhvasAya/ciMtana artha hotA hai jo yukti evaM pramANa se siddha hai ki arthagrahaNa dravya aura paryAyoM ke anantara hI hotA hai pramANa ke dvArA jAnA gayA viSaya jaba eka deza meM vastu kI ora le jAtA hai taba naya kahalAtA hai| eka deza viziSTo'rtho nayasya viSayo mataH arthAt eka deza ke viziSTa artha kA nAma naya hai aisA mAnA gyaa| loyANaM vavahAraM dhamma-vivakkhAi jo pasA jo psaahedi| suya-NANassa viyappo so vi Nao liMga saMbhUdo jo vastu ke eka dharma kI vivakSA ko sAdhatA hai vaha naya hai| nayacakrakAra AcArya devasena ne svayaM nimna paribhASA dI hai jaM NANIya viyappaM suyabhayaM vtthuyNssNghnnN| taM iha NayaM pauttaM NANI puNa tehi NANehi zruta jJAna ke Azraya ko liye hue jJAnI kA jo vikalpa vastu ke aMza ko grahaNa karatA hai use naya kahate haiN| isa paribhASA se Azaya nikalatA hai ki zruta jJAna ke AdhAra se hI naya kI pravRtti hotI hai| zrutajJAna pramANa hone se sakalagrAhI hotA hai, usake eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya hai| isI se naya vikalpa rUpa kahA jAtA hai| pratipakSI arthAt virodhI dharmoM kA nirAkaraNa na karate huye vastu ke eka aMza yA dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAtA kA abhiprAya naya hai athavA nAnA svabhAvoM se vastu ko pRthak karake jo eka svabhAva meM vastu ko sthApita karatA hai vaha naya hai| naya kA artha: * NI prApaNe tasya naya iti rUpam

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 * vaktaiva sUtrArthaprApaNe gamye paropayogAnnayati nayaH * nIyate cAnena asmin veti nayanaM vA nayaH * vastunaH paryAyANAM sNsbhvtaa'dhigmnmithyrthH|| ____NI prApaNe dhAtu se naya kI utpatti huI hai nI kA artha le jAnA bhI hotA hai jo vaktA ke abhiprAya ko yA sUtra ke artha kI ora lagAtA hai usakA nAma hI naya hai| vyutpatti nIyate gamyate zrutaparicchinnArthaka dezo'neneti nayaH arthAt jisase zruta prasiddha pramANa ko viSaya banAkara eka aMza vizeSa kA eka deza kathana naya hai| 1 nayanaM nayo nIyate paricchidyate anenAsminnasmAditi vA nyH| jo ananta dharmAtmaka adhyavasAya kI ora le jAtA hai usakA nAma hI naya hai| naya ke paryAyavAcI naya ko prApaka, kAraka, sAdhaka, nivartaka, nirbhAsaka, upalambhaka aura vyaMjaka ye sabhI naya ke ekArthavAcI zabda hai| utarAdhyayana cUrNi meM kAraka, dIpaka, vyaMjaka, bhAvaka aura upalambhaka 35 ko bhI ekArthavAcI kahA hai| jinendra varNI ne prayojana abhiprAya, lakSya, dRSTi, apekSA, mukhyataH aura naya ko ekArthavAcI mAnA hai| naya usI kA nAma hai jise kisI prayojana yA kAraNa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isalie sarvasAdhAraNa vyaktiyoM ko honI asaMbhava hai| isakA yathArtha prayoga pramANa jJAnI yA samyakdRSTi kara sakatA hai| prayojana vizeSa ko dRSTi meM rakhakara bolA gayA vAkya hI zrotA ke jIvana meM hita utpanna kara sakatA hai yA zrotA ko vastu vyavasthA samajhAne meM saphala ho sakatA hai, parantu yaha tabhI saMbhava hai jabaki zrotA svayaM mukhya karake kahe gaye eka aMga ko samajha kara hRdaya koSa meM jamA karatA jAe aura isa prakAra dhIre-dhIre saMpUrNa aMgoM ko dhAraNa karake aMta meM paraspara milAkara eka rasa kara de| jyoM-jyoM vaha Age ke aMgoM ko dhAraNa karegA- tyo- tyoM use vastu kI nikaTatA prApta hogI isIliye prayojana vaza bolA gayA nayavAkya zrotA ko vastu ke nikaTa pahucAne yA le jAne kI zakti rakhatA hai| naya ke bhedaH prayojana yA vaktA ke abhiprAya ke kAraNa se jitane bhI vacana vyavahAra hote haiM utane naya kahe jAte haiN| jAvadiyA vayaNa vahA tAvadiyA ceva hoMti nnyvaayaa| jAvadiyA NayavAyA tAvadiyA ceva prsmyaa|| jitane bhI prakAra ke vacana hai utane hI nayavAda hote haiM aura jitane nayavAda utane hI anya mata hai| tatva nAnA dharmAtmaka hai aisA AcArya devasena ne svayaM kahA hai aura usI AdhAra para

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 naya kI vyavasthA karate hue aneka bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahA~ taka ki unhoMne naya vibhAjana meM do se lekara dasa taka hI saMkhyA ko mahatva diyA hai| prAcIna paraMparA ke AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM naya kI vyavasthA ko lekara naya kA isa taraha vibhAjana kiyA hai| mUla naya bheda aura unakA svarUpa sAmAnya se naya ke do bheda haiM do ceva mUlimaNayA bhaNiyA davvatthapajjayatthagayA aNNaM asaMkhasaMkhA te tabmeyA muunneyvvaa|" dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika meM do hI mUla naya kahe gaye haiN| anya saMkhyAta saMkhyA ko lie hue una donoM ke hI bheda jAnane caahie| NicchayavavahAraNayA mUlibheyA NAyANa svvaannN| Nicchaya sAhaNaheU davvayapajjatthiyA munnh|| saMpUrNa nayoM ke nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya ye mUla bheda hai nizcaya kA hetu dravyArthika naya hai sAdhana kA hetu arthAt vyavahAra kA hetu paryAyArthika naya hai| vavahAro'bhUyattho bhUyattho desido du suddhnno| bhUyatthamassido khalu sammAiTThI havai jiivo|| vyavahAra naya abhUtArtha hai aura zuddhanaya bhUtArtha hai aisA RSivaroM ne dikhalAyA hai jo jIva bhUtArtha ke Azrita hai vaha jIva nizcaya kara samyakdRSTi hai|| AcArya siddhasena ne sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka rUpa se nayoM kA kathana kiyA hai| tIrthakaroM ke vacana sAmAnya, vizeSAtmaka hai| ve sAmAnya rUpa se dravya ke pratipAdaka hai aura vizeSa rUpa se paryAya ke dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM se mUla vastu kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| zAstroM meM jina sAta nayoM kA varNana milatA hai, vaha ina nayoM kA vistAra hai| sabhI naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ina do nayoM meM garbhita hai| inameM dravyArthika naya kA vistAra naigama, saMgraha evaM vyavahAra rUpa hai tathA paryAyArthika naya kA vistAra RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta rUpa hai| mUla meM jinavANI kA vivecana karane vAle do hI naya hai|42 naya upanayoM ke bheda evaM svarUpa jo paryAya ko gauNa karake dravya ko grahaNa karatA hai use dravyArthikanaya kahate haiM aura jo dravya ko gauNa karake paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai use paryAyArthika naya kahate haiN| azuddha dravyArthika naya jo saba rAgAdibhAvoM ko jIva kA kahatA hai yA rAgAdibhAvoM ko jIva kA kahatA hai vaha karmopAdhi sApekSa azuddha dravyarthika naya hai|" paryAyArthika naya aura usake bheda jo dravya ko gauNa karake paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha paryAyArthika naya hai| jo

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 akRtrima aura anidhana arthAt anAdi ananta candramA sUrya Adi paryAyoM ko grahaNa karatA hai use jina bhagavAna ne anAdi nitya paryAyArthika naya kahA hai| sAdi nitya paryAyArthika naya jo paryAya karmo ke kSaya se utpanna hone ke kAraNa sAdi hai aura vinAza kA kAraNa na hone se avinAzI hai, aisA sAdinitya paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA sAdinitya paryAyArthika naya hai| anitya zuddha paryAyArthika naya jo sattA ko gauNa karake utpAda vyaya ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI anitya svabhAva ko grahaNa karane vAlA zuddha paryAyArthika naya hai| sat kA lakSaNa AcArya umAsvAmI ne tatvArthasUtra meM isa prakAra kiyA hai"utpAdavyayadhrauvyuktaM sat" sat kA lakSaNa utpAda- vyaya-dhrauvya hai| pratyeka vastu prati samaya utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura dhruva bhI rahatI hai| inameM se jo naya dhrauvya ko gauNa karake prati samaya hone vAle utpAda vyaya rUpa paryAya ko hI grahaNa karatA hai vaha nitya zuddha paryAyArthika naya hai| anitya azuddha paryAyArthika naya jo eka samaya meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta paryAya ko grahaNa karatA hai vaha anityaazuddhaparyAyArthika naya hai| nirapekSa anityazuddhaparyAyArthika naya jo saMsArI jIvoM kI paryAyoM ko siddhoM ke samAna zuddha kahatA hai vaha anitya zuddha paryAyArthika naya hai| sApekSa anitya azuddha paryAyArthika naya jo cAra gatiyoM ke jIvoM kI anitya azuddha paryAya kA kathana karatA hai vaha vibhAva anitya azuddha paryAyArthika naya hai|' AcArya umAsvAmI ne jina (naigamAdi) sAta nayoM kA varNana tattvArthasUtra meM kiyA hai unhIM ko AcArya devasena ne bhI nayacakra evaM AlApapaddhati meM varNita kiyA hai| AcArya devasena ne nayacakra evaM AlApapaddhati meM samAna rUpa se nayoM, upanayoM ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA hai| nayoM ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM meM anya AcAryoM se samAnatA hai| AlApapaddhati meM upasaMhArarUpa meM nayoM kA kathana adhyAtmabhASA se kiyA hai| nayoM ke mUla bheda hai eka nizcayanaya aura dUsarA vyvhaarny| nizcaya naya kA viSaya abheda hai aura vyavahAra naya kA viSaya bheda hai|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 nizcaya naya ke do bheda hai zuddha nizcayanaya va azuddha nishcyny| zuddha nizcaya kI apekSA jIva ke na bandha hai na mokSa hai aura na guNasthAna Adi hai| zuddha nizcaya naya kI apekSA baMdha hai hI nahIM, isI prakAra zuddha nizcaya kI apekSA baMdhapUrvaka mokSa bhI nahIM hai yadi zuddha nizcaya kI apekSA baMdha hove to sadA hI baMdha hotA rahe mokSa na ho| isa prakAra zuddha nizcaya naya abheda hai evaM jo naya karmajanita vikAra sahita guNa aura guNI ko abheda rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai vaha azuddha nizcaya naya hai jaise matijJAnAdi svarUpa jIvA vyavahAra naya do prakAra kA hai sadbhUta vyavahAra naya aura asadbhUta vyavahAra ny| eka vastu ko viSaya karane vAlA sadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai aura bhinna vastuoM ko viSaya karane vAlA asadbhUta vyavahAra naya sadbhUta vyavahAra naya do prakAra kA hai upacarita aura anupcrit| karmajanita vikAra sahita guNa aura guNI bheda ko viSaya karane vAlA upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai| jaise- jIva ke matijJAnAdi gunn| upAdhirahita jIva meM guNa aura guNI ke bhedarUpa viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlA anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra hai| jaise jIva ke kevalajJAnAdi gunn| upacarita aura anupacarita ke bheda se asadbhUta vyavahAra naya bhI do prakAra ke haiN| unameM se saMzleSa saMbaMdha rahita, aisI bhinna vastuoM kA paraspara meM saMbaMdha grahaNa karanA upacarita sadabhUta vyavahAra naya kA viSaya hai jaise- devadatta kA dhn| saMzleSa sahita vastu ko viSaya karane vAlA anupacaritAsadbhUta vyavahAra naya hai, jaise jIva kA zarIra ityaadi| jIva aura zarIra kA saMbaMdha saMzleSa saMbaMdha hai jIva jisa zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai, saMkoca yA vistAra hokara Atma pradeza usa zarIra pramANa AkAra rUpa ho jAte haiM jaisA ki dravya saMgraha meM kahA hai- saMkoca tathA vistAra se yaha jIva apane choTe aura bar3e zarIra ke pramANa rahatA hai| zarIra, vacana, mana aura prANApAna-yaha pudgaloM kA upakAra hai aisA AcArya umAsvAmI ne kahA hai zarIravAD:manaprANApAnAH pudagalAnAm zarIra, vacana aura mana kI kriyA kA yoga hai aura vaha Asrava hai| isa prakAra anupacarita asadbhUtavyavahAranaya kI apekSA jIva aura zarIra kA saMzleSa saMbaMdha hai yadi yaha saMzleSa saMbaMdha yA jIva aura zarIra kA saMbaMdha na mAnA jAye to zarIra ke vadha se hiMsA ke abhAva kA prasaMga A jaayegaa|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 isa prakAra AcArya devasena ne AlApapaddhati aura nayacakra meM vibhinna nayoM evaM upanayoM kA vivecana kara unakI upayogitA pradarzita kI hai| tattvajAna kI yathArthavatA pramANa aura naya ke yathArtha bodha se hI sambhava hai| saMdarbha1. nyAyAcArya mahendra kumAra jaina darzana pRSTha 27 prakAzana, gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina graMthakAra vArANasI dvitIya saMskaraNa 1966 2. AcArya devendra muni jainadarzana svarUpa aura vizleSaNa pRSTha 3, prakAzana-tArakagurU jaina graMthAlaya udayapura 1996 3. jaina darzana pRSTha 28 4. DA. mahendra kumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti graMtha pR. 4 5. dhavalA pustaka -6 pR. 38 prakAzana, solApura 6. candraprabhu caritra 18/124 7. bhagavatI ArAdhanA vijayodaya-TIkA pR. 16 8. dravyasaMgraha gAthA 2 9. sanmati sUtra 2/1 10. lalita vistAra pR. 63 dekhe jaina lakSaNAvalI pR. 509 11. dhavalA pustaka 1 pR. 383 12. AcArya kundakunda- sUtrapAhuDa gAthA 1 13. AcArya devasena- darzanasAra gAthA 2 14. NANaM hodi pamANaM, Nao vi NAdussa hidaya-bhAvattho gAthA 83, AcArya yati vRSabha praNIta tiloyapaNNatti 1/83, saM. tRtIya san 1997, pra- candraprabhu di. jaina atizaya kSetra-tijArA 15. AcArya devasena- AlApapaddhati- jJAtubhiprAyo vA nayaH (sUtra 181) 16. vahI sUtra 39 17. AcArya vIrasena- dhavalA pu. 1 pR. 83 18. AcArya pUjyapAda savArthasiddhi 1/33 19. AcArya jinasena- harivaMzapurANa 58/39 20. nayacakra gAthA naM. 2/3 AcArya devasena prakA, sAhityAcArya DaoN. paM. pannAlAla jaina graMthamAlA zrI varNI diga. jaina gurUkula, pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura 21. nayacakra AcArya devasena gAthA-10 22. laghunayacakra AcArya devasena gAthAna, 11 pR. 8 23. nyAyakumudacandra gAthA naM. 66-67 AcArya prabhAcandra 24. varNI jinendra naya darpaNa pR.-135 prakAzana, jinendra varNI graMthamAlA bhelUpura vArANasI 1984 25. dhavalA pustaka- 1, pRSTha 83 26. vahI pustaka 9 pR. 162, 163 27. nyAyAvatAra 29 28. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 263 pR. 188 prakAzana, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImada rAjacandra Azrama AgAsa 1997 29. AcArya devasena laghunayacakra gAthA-2

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 30. vahI pRSTha-2 31. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi pRSTha- 9 32. syAdvAdaratnAkara 1/1 pRSTha-8 33. anuyogadvAra malayavRtti pRSTha-59 34. tattvArtha bhASya 1/35 prakAzana, zrImada rAjacandra-graMthamAlA AgAsa 35. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi pRSTha-9 36. nayadarpaNa pRSTha 138 37. vahI pRSTha- 138, 139 38. sammaisuttaM 3/47 prakAzana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI san 2003 39. laghunayacakra- AcArya devasena gAthA 11 pRSTha-8 40. AcArya devasena-AlApapaddhati sUtra- 40 gAthA-4 41. AcArya kundakunda samayasAra gAthA-11 42. titthyrvynnsNghvisesptthrmuulvaagrnnii| davvaTiThayo ya pajjavaNayo ya sesA viyappA siN|| AcArya siddhasena-sammaisuttaM gAthA 3 43. nayacakra gAthA- 17,18 44. vahI gAthA 21 45. nayacakra- 27-32 46. baMdhazca zuddhanizcayanayena nAsti, tathA baMdhapUrvako moksso'pi| yadi punaH zuddhanizcayena baMdho bhavati tadA sarvadaiva baMdha eva, mokSonAsti, AcArya brahmadeva bRhadrvyasaMgraha gAthA 57 TIkA 47. AcArya devasena alApapaddhati- sUtra 219 48. aNugurudehapamANo, uvasaMhArappasappado cedA AcArya nemicandra-dravyasaMgraha 49. AcArya umAsvAmI-tattvArthasUtra 5/19 - 21, mahAvIra bhavana sarvaRtu vilAsa, udayapura (rAjasthAna) bhUla to sadA kacoTatI rahegI ! ve rUr3hiyA~ jo sadiyoM se calI A rahI haiM aura jinhoMne dharma ke mUla-rUpa ko AtmasAt kara liyA hai-DhaMka liyA hai, itanI gAr3hI ho gaI haiM ki unakA raMga sahaja chaTane kA nhiiN| aisI rUr3hiyoM meM eka rUr3hi hai aparigraha ko upekSita kara 'ahiMsA ko mUla jaina-saMskRti' pracArita karane kii| yUM to saMsAra ke sabhI mata-matAntara hiMsA ko pApa aura ahiMsA ko dharma batalAte haiN| para, jainI isameM sabase Age haiN| jaba kabhI kahIM ahiMsA kA prasaMga uThatA hai, jainI bAMsoM uchalate haiM aura garva ke vega meM kahate haiM kijainiyoM dvArA mAnya ahiMsA sarvopari hai jahA~ dUsaroM meM ahiMsA ke vyAvahArika rUpoM ko sarvocca mAnyatA prApta hai vahAM jaina isake mUla taka pahuMce haiM unhoMne saMkalpita, kRta kArita, anumodita, mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti-rUpoM meM bhI hiMsA ke tyAga ko upadeza diyA hai, aura 'samyagyoga nigrahogupti kA upadeza diyA hai, aadi| ni:saMdeha jainiyoM kI ahiMsA para sabako garva hai| para, isa garva meM kahIM saba itane to nahIM phUla gaye haiM ki unake dvArA jAne-anajAne meM jaina saMskRti ke mUla aparigraha para hI coTa ho rahI ho ? ___- zrI padamacaMda jaina zAstrI saMpAdaka- anekAnta, varSa 37, kiraNa-3 se sAbhAra

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JAINS IN KERALA Prof. Prakash C. Jain This article presents a brief history of the develpment of Jainism in Kerala along with a demographic profile of the contemporary Jain community there. Compared to the other Jain communities in South India, the Jains in Kerala constitute a very small community whose demography has just begun to loose its equilibrium. Jainism in Kerala Jainism was introduced to the South in about 300 BC by Emperor Chandragupta Maurya (321&297 BC) and a Jain saint-Bhadrabahu who had migrated to Shravanbelagola in pesent-day Karnataka due to a twelve-year long famine in North India in 297 B.C. From there it spread to Tamilnadu and Kerala in about 200 BC. Evidence of the presence of Jains in Kerala comes from the indisputable fact that many Hindu temples in Kerala were originally Jain Shrines. For example, at Kallil, near Perumbavur, we can still see the images of Parasvanth, Mahavira and Padmavati; even though it is considered a Bhagavati temple today. Similarly, several places in Wayanand have Jain temples indicating that North Malabar was once a flourishing center of Jainism. In ancient times Jainism and Buddhism enjoyed high prestige till the late seventh century A.D. In 642 A.D., When Hsuan&Tsang visited the area he found "heretical sects" of Buddhism and Jainism flourishing in South India. The most characteristic feature of this period was the brisk literary activity in Tamilakam. The eighteen minor works (Kilkkanku or Prabhandas), Silappathikarm, Manimekhela and other works were written by acclaimed votaries of the heretical sects" (Nair 1986; 147). The contribution of the Jains to the Kannada Language and literature is even more pronounced. In the words of the great Kannada scholar R. Narsimhacharya, "the earliest cultivators of the Kannada language were Jainas. The oldest works of any extent and value that have come down to us are all from the pen of the Jains. The period of the Jainas' predominance in the literary field may justly be called the Augustan Age of Kannada Literature'. Jaina authors in Kannada are far more numerous than in Tamil. To name only a few, we have Pampa, Ponna, Ranna, Gunavarman,

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80 3 Ch 63/2, 3901-2010 Nagachanda, Janna, Andayya, Bandhuvarma and Medhura, whose works are admired as excellent specimens of poetical composition. It is only in Kannada that we have Ramayana and Bharata based on the Jaina tradition in addition to those based on Brahmanical tradition. Besides kavyas written by Jain authors, we have numerous works by them dealing with subject, such as grammar, rhetoric, prosody, mathematics, astrology, medicine, veterinary science, coodery and so forth. In all, the number of Jaina authors in Kannada is nearly two hundred" Sangave, 2006: 125). Jainism received royal patrons as well, notably in llango Adikal, better known for his Tamil epic Silappadikaram. He lived in Trikanamatilakam, which became a famous centre of Jain religion and learning. There were several other Jain shrines too, which were subordinate to the one at Matilakam. Even the Kutalmanikyam temple at Irinjalakuda, dedicated to Bharata is believed to have been originally a Jain shrine named after a Digambara Jain saint Bharateshwara. It was converted into a Hindu temple like several other Jain shrines in Kerala, following the decline of Jainism which started in the 8th century due to the Saivite and Vaishnavite movements. Jainism seems to have ligered on till the 16th century and then it almost disappeared. Historical accounts suggest that a large number of Bhatta Brahmins entered Kerala in the seventh and their ideological and administrative system found favour with the kings and local chieftains of the period. Royal patronage to Brahmins brought about radical changes in the social, political and cultural landscape of Kerala. A society which was largely egalitarian was revamped by the Varna and caste system. Sanskrit became more popular. A virtual monopoly over education and erudition made it easier for the Brahmins to suppress and assimilate old deities like Shasta (Buddha) and folk heroes like Mavele (King Mahabali) and Ayyappa (King Ayyan Adigal) into the Hindu pantheon. Scholars like Guru Prabhakara and Shankaracharya (788-820 A.D.) reinforced their supremacy. This led to the promotion of Vaishanavism by the Kulashekaras kings of the second Chera Empire that was spread to over three centuries between 8th and 10th century A.D. by the Salva Nayanars and Vaishnava Alwars, Buddhist and Jain temples .received magnificent gifts and donations from the rulers and chieftains of Kerlala (Nair 1986:169). During the Aryanization period of Kerala, about 8,000 Jain Monks were done to death in Madurai in extermely brutal manner by the follow

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HR 63/2, 38-79 2010 81 ers of Shankaracharya. Jain temples were destroyed across South India, including Kerala. Many of them were converted into Hindu temples, and the followers of Buddhism and Jainism were converted into Hinduism and Islam. A Jain temple built by Vikaramaditya Varaguna at Tichchanattunalai was converted into a Bhagavathi temple by the beginning of the 13th century (Nair 1986: 168). Similarly, the nagaraja temple at Nagercoil continued to be a Jain temple till the latter half of the 16th century during when it had received donaitons from the Travancore king.... This temple became Hindu in its nature and worship subsequent to the reign of Udaya Marthanda Varman (Nair 1986: 168). There were six images of Jain Thirthankars in this temple. Both Jainism and Buddhism had begun to wane in Kerala in the 9th century A.D., and by the end of the 12th century the eclipse was almost practically total. Jainism seems to have completely disappeared from Kerala by the 16th century. The foreign vistiors from Europe do not mention the Jains in their travelogues. One lasting contribution of Jainism to Kerala is that the architecture of the Hindu temples and the Muslim mosques of North Malabar were influenced by the architecture of the Jain temples. While Jainism did hardly leave any impression on Kerala society other than the temple architecture, Buddhism was absorbed in Hinduism in respect of some of its ceremonies and froms of worship. The main vestiges of Jainism in Kerala today are the Jain shrines at Kallil Mundur, Palghat and Sultan's Battery. Besides these, some old Jain families live in the Waynad and Kasargod area in north Kerala. There is a five hundred years old Jain temple in Palakkad which was renovated in 1993. It is dedicated to Bhagwan Neminath and is located near the railway station. Perhaps it would not be out of place here to mention the existence of Nam Dhari Jains in South India. Like the Saraks of Eastern India, there is a sizeable community of Nam Dhari Jains in South India, in south Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. They put a big "Tikka' on their forehead called "Nam". Hence they are known as "Nam Dhari". They are vegetarians. In ancient times they were followers of Jainism but then they got convereted to Hinduims. According to jainsamaj.org/magazine (May 2006), in the old documents of their forefathers their religion is written as Jain. With the initiative of Bhattarak Shree Bhuvan Bhanu Keerti, the chief of Kanakgiri Jain Bhattarak Peeth, many of them are now returning back to Jainism. In their villages Jain community is helping them for theri education and employment. Jain temples are being built in each of their villages.

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Stehla 63/2, 39-7 2010 Other Jains in the area are also making matrimonial realations with them. According to Anthropological Survey of India's "People of India" Project Report, "In Kerala the Jains are locally known as Jainar or Jainanwar. They belong to the Digambara sect and are concentrated in Wyanand and kasargod districts. They speak the Kannada language and use the Kannada script for intra-group communication. They are pure vegtarian and their dress is similar to other local communities of the area. They have three sub-group: the Brahmin Jain or Purohit Jain who use the title Swamy and perform all priestly funcitons: the Vaisya Jain refered to as Tarakan are traders by tradition and use the title Shettur: the Kshatriya Jains referred to as Gouders were the warriors" (Singh 1998: 1336). For a significant number of Jains "coffee plantation is the chief source of income. They have good access to daily market in the neraby towns and transactions are done in cash" (Singh 1998: 1337). Although the Digambar Jains constitute a majority in Kerala, a very small number of Swetambar Families too have been residing in most other cities and towns of Kerala. A significant concentration of them is found in Ernakulam where about 80 Swetambar Jain Families with a combined strength of around 350 members have been residing. Many of them had settled in the 1970s whereas some others had migrated there from Kutch in Gujarat as early as 1932. They are organized under the asociation Shri Swetambar Jain Murtipujak Sangh, Ernakulam. Any account of Jains in Kerala will not be complete without mentioning the name and work of author, political leader and parliamentarian Shri Veerendra Kumar, a former Member of Parliament and Union Minister. Born at Kalpattan in Waynard district on 22nd July 1936, Veerendra Kumar earned his M.A. degree in Philosophy from Madras Vivekanand College and a MBA from the US. He is the Chairman and Managing Director of Mathrubhoomi Printing and Publishing Company Ltd, Kozhikode for the last 18 years. The Comany publishes a very popular and influentioal daily newspapaer by the sam name from Khozikode, Kannur and Kottayam. Veerendra Kumar inherited politics from his father who was a prominent socialist leader in Kerala. Veerendra Kumar served as national secretary of the Socialist Party and state president of the Janata Dal. He was elected to the state legislative assembly and later on to the Lok Sabha from Kozikode. He served as the Minister of State for finance in the Deva Gouda Ministery, and the Minister of State for employment in the I. K. Gujral Ministry.

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HR 63/2, 38-79 2010 83 A well-known writer in Malayalam literature, Veerendra Kumar is also proficient in English and Kannada languages. married with three daughters and a son, Mr. Kumar has been steering the socio-cultural and political scenario of kerala for a long lime. Besides Mathribhumi he is also the publisher of a number of magazines in the fields of sports, health, films, career guidance, life style, etc. He also runs a number of educational instiutions in Calicut, Cochin and Thiruananthapuram. His son Shreyas Kumar is a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Jain Population in Kerala Since the ancient times, the population of Jains in Kerala has always been small compared to other South Inidian states. Thus as late as in 1951 there were only 1,398 Jains in Kerala, Their numbers increased to 2,967 in 1961, 3,336 in 1971 and 3,605 in 1981. The last figure represents a slight decrease in the Jain population in Kerala during the 1970s. Almost negligible increase was recorded between 1981 and 1991 with the figure of 3,641 in 1991. But it was significant during the period 19912001 reaching the figure to 4,528 the highest level in modern era of Kerala,s history. The State of Kerala has the smallest Jain population in South India: only 4,528 as per the 2001 census of India. The population is almost equally divided into males (2,268) and females(2,260), giving rise to a balanced sex ratio. In terms of residence, a little more Jains live in towns and cities (2,328) than in rural areas (2,200). The 2001 census enumerations in Kerala further suggest that 21.0 per cent of Jain population in Kerala is cultivatiors, another 7.7 per cent of them are agricultural workers, 3.6 per cent are househodl industry workers, and over two-third of the Jain population in Kerala is occupationally engaged in services, professions and trade and commercial activities, etc. Table: 1 Population of Jains in Kerala, 1951-2001 1951 |1,388 1961 2,967 1971 3,336 1981 1991 2001 3,6053,6414,528 Source: Census of India 2001, First Report of Religious Data, Registrar General Office, New Delhi, 2005, p.xxxvi.

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31-63/2, 3901-19 2010 Table: 2 Jains in Kerala: Select Demographic Indicators, 2001 India 1,029millioin 4,225,053 0.4% Kerala 31.8million 4,528 0.14 996 845 9.7 940 870 10.6 Total Population Jain Population Proportion Population Sex Ratio Sex Ratio (0-6 years) Proportion of Child Population in age group (0-6) Literacy Rate Female Literacy Rate Work Participation Rate Male Work Participation Rate Female Work Participation 95.5 93.4 94.1 90.6 32.9 55.2 9.2 36.0 59.7 12.3 Source: Census of India 2001, First Report of Religious Data, Registrar General Office, New Delhi 2005. Jains in Kerala pre7sently display a very healthy sex ratio in the state. The literacy and work participation rates are also better compared to those for jains in many other states in India. However, two demographic indicators, namely the sex ratio in the 0-6 years age group, and the proportion of child population in age group 0-6 years clearly suggest that there is a serious imbalance in the child sex ratio in Kerala of Jain population. At the same time the Jain population in Kerala is also exhibiting a tendency of lower birth rate that does not augur well for the future of the community. Reference: 1. Census of India 1991 paper No. I of 1995, Religion, R.G. Office, New Delhi. 2. Census of India 2001 First report of Religion Data, R. G. Office, New Delhi, 2005

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HR 63/2, 38-79 2010 85 3. 4. Nair, Adoor K. K. Ramchandan, Gazeteer of India: Kerala State gazetteer, Vol. II. Government of Kerala, Trivandrum, 1986. Raghav Varier, M. R., Jainism in Kerala. M. Phil. Dissertation. Centre for Historical Studies, School of Social Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1979 Sangave, VA., Aspects of Jaina Religion. Fifth Edition, Bhartiya Jnanpith, New Delhi, 2006 Singh, K. S. "Jain"; pp. 1327-1338, India's Communities, H-M (people of India National Series Vol. V). Anthropological Survey of India and Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1998. F-109, East of Kailash New Delhi-110065 pcjain1@hotmail.com

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Corpus Cundacundae By Prof. Natalia This book is the first research essay in the Russian Indology, dedicated to Kundakunda's doctrine- one of the most authoritative representiatives of the Digambara trend of the Jainism. Jain tradition attributes to Kundakunda, or Kundakundacharya, about 84 treatises, which Iunite under the term Corpus Cundacundae. In this book all texts of the Corpus Cundacundae are considered as an united entity (because the Jain tradition takes them as one author's treatises). But at the same time I understand clearly that probably all these text belonged to different authors and even compilated in different ages. The analysis of Kundakunda's doctrine is based on 4 main philosophical and relgious texts: Pravacanasara-"Essence of the doctrine's exposition", Pancastikaya-sara- "Essence of the doctrine's of five extended substances";Niyama-sara-"Essence of the abstinence's doctrine", Samaya-sara- "Essence of the Teaching". The monograph is devoted to examining a number of problems related to the Corpus Cundacundae: (1) the proper names under which the Digambara teacher is known in the Jaina tradition" (2) the traditional lives of Kundakunda in the two extant versions:, (3) the teachers' tradition of Kundakunda, connected with Bhadrabahu, the last jaina "master of the scripture;" (4) the dating of the life and activites of Kundakunda himself, where, based on an analysis of the scholarly literature on the history of Jainis, the author provisionally singles out two "strategies," within the frame work of which attempts can be made to establish the probable date of Kundakunda. The First approach is based on the analysis of historical, inluding epigraphical, materials: the earliest mentions of Kundakunda, lists of teachers, the commentatorial tradition, etc. This "strategy" is adhered to by the overwhelming majority of historians of Jainism when they make attempts to substantiate their hypotheses. Within the framwork of this "strategy" based on the study of sources external in relation to Kundakundaa himself-one may make the cautious supposition that the time of Kundakunda;s flourishing was approximately the 2nd 3rd cc. A.D. The second approach is based on the analysis of texts attributed to Kundakunda himself. This strategy" finds its partial reflection in the works

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HR 63/2, 38-79 2010 87 of W. Schubring, A. N. Upadhye and W.J. Johnson. It should be pointed out here, however, that not a single student of Jainism has undertaken a full-fledged text-critical investigation of all the works attributed to Kundakunda. Therefore the conclusions possible within the framwork of this "strategy" are very tentative, as they are only based on the sutdy of a few spearate texts by the Digambara author. It is quite evident that the analysis of the historical data extant today can only enable us to make the conclusion about the existence of a teachers, tradition associated with Kundakunda, to whom the authorship of a group of religious-philosophic treatises in Prakrit came to be attributed later in the Digambara branch of Jainism. Answering the question whether these works belong to the "pen" of the renowned teacher Kundakunda or they are the fruit of the labours of a later author (or even several authors) will be only possible after the careful philological analysis of the whole group of treatises and comparing them with other texts, both from the Jaina tradition itself and from the other trends of Indian philosophic thought that were engaged in polemic with it. The major part of this research work is dedicated to analysis of the categoriical system of Jain ontology, epistemology and ethics as they are represented in Kundakunda;s treatises. At the same time methods and ways of the description of reality are considered too, It is an illustration of my thesis that in Kundakunda;s works we deal with the great philosophical doctrine having developed system of categories and methods of investigationg and explanation of the reality, for example, two truths doctrine, According to this theory reality can be treated from two completely different points of view. One of them is true, pure (nischay, suddha naya) while the other is practical, impure (vyavahara, asuddha naya). The problem is that interprets the theory of two truths in two different ways. On the one hand, the eternal verity can't be comprehended without the practical truth. On the other hand, the same practical truth is considered to be false. In order to explain this contradiction we should take into account that the only treatise dealing with the most pradoxical conculsions of the two truths doctrine is Samayasara (Essence of Teaching). Its analysis shows that this work formally and substantially differs from the other works believed to be written by Kundakunda. So some parts of Samayasara may be written (or arranged) by another author. But there may be another solution to the problem discussed. We may apply the main principles ot two truths doctrine to the theory itself. We may sup

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88 342163/2, 38-79 2010 pose that from the practical point of view two approaches to the reality are necessary but in fact only the pure point of view is true. Application of this methodology to the descripition of interrelaions of two absolutely ontologically different substances: karmic matter (karmapudgala) and soul (jiva) leads the author of Corpus Cundacundae to the fundamental conclusion that karmic matter joins and binds soul only on the level of the ordinary practice. But from the real point of view this assumption of the connection of the soul and matter is error and delusion of soul, soiled by passions. By this way Kundakunda tries to prove the idea that karma is neither absolutely identical to the matter, nor completely different form it (thesis "identity-in-differene"). From this affirmation two conclusions follow. Firstly, soul by its own nature does not belong to the exclusive circle of births and deaths because samsara-self-reproducing system of the delusions: wrong ideas and believes produce wrong states of the consciousness. These untrue conditions in their turn produce influx of kanmic matter into the soul and et cetera. Secondly, connecion between soul and karma destroys as soon as soul realizes that binding ignorance is the delusion of true nature of the relationship (more correctly, absence of it) between two substance. In other words, for binding is an error or delusion of consciousness so karma does not explain anythig in cause-consequence chain. In Corpus Cundacundae Path of Liberation is considered not only as ascetic practice which includes different psychophysical trainings, rituals and ceremonies but at the same time realizing of the soul of its own pure nature. Kundakuna's theoretical approach to formulation of basic thesises and principal ideas have played a significant role in the comprehension of Mahavira's doctrine. We may consider Kundakunda as one of the first (together with (Umasvati) Jain thinkers, who has set about the task of conceptualization of problematical field of Jain philosophy. The Kundakumda's ideas about the nature and attributes of spiritual substance and the methods, by which we can describe the substantial base of reality, have been in use as a fundament of the building of Jain universe for future Jain philosophers. The monograph is concluded with translation from Prakrit and Sanskrit versions of four Kundakunda;s treatises, of Umasvati "Tattvartha-adhigama-sutra", Indices of Notions, Names, Texts and Bibliography. *****

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BOOK REVIEW I EDITON 1922, REPRINT 2010, PAGES-394, PRICE-600, THE BOOKS IS AVAILABLE AT VIR SEWA MANDIR ISBN NO-978-81-7722-031-0 CONFLUENCE OF OPPOSITES by Champat Rai Jain "Confluence of opposites" by Barrister C. R. Jain is a sceintific study of comparative religions of Hinduism, Christaianity, Islam and Jainism. He was convinced that all these religions contain the same tenets, the same doctrines, and the same instrucions: but it requires a regular study of Religions as a Science and of the poetical style of the compositors of the sacred works to understand this unity. As time passed, the knowledge and wisdom of the sacred boods was expressed in metaphorical thought by Hindus, Parsis, Jews, Christians and Mohammedans. They went on allegorizing the doctrines of the spiritual science regardless of consequences. The author says that as no one is born with an understanding of allegories therefore soon the real purpose of these poetical pictures became unitelligible to men. Ignorant of true meaning these allegories and the mythological compositions of sacred books were interpreted literally. This book is a collection of 13 lectures turned into 13 chapteres. These chapteres are connected with each other. In chapters I to IV, The author argues that Comparative religion is a science. Hi analyses that important tenets of Jainism, Vedism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christiaity & Islam and undertakes their comparative study with unbiased mind. In chapter IV, he discusses the religious metaphysics of six Hindu schools. He argues that there is a failure of scholara to unravel mythological thought. So he unravels the mystery of Muslim allegories in chapter V. He gives solutation to Hindu allegories in chapter VI, Jewish allegories in chapter VII and Christian allegories in chapter VIII. In rest of the chapters he discuses the concept of God, their rituals and practices and gives his summary and conclusions. The author arges that prayer, pilgrimage, meditation, and purification are common in all religions. The differences among religions are only at outworldly level. But when ancient mytho-logical scriptures of Hinduism, Islam and Christianity are analysed scientifically, by deciphering the

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90 342163/2, 39-2010 differences disappear and true spiritual signi-ficance gets revealed in eternal splendour. Most of the allegories which hide their true meaning from the common man have been decoded by the author in this book providing the real key of knowledge in your hands. I give some of the intersting examples- Krishna denotes Divine Ideal: Gopi (the soul): Ganesh riding a rat (symbol of cutting and analysis-Discriminaiton) and Ekadanta of Ganesh (Monistic view of God): Surya (Omniscience), Indra (Ego), Agni (Tapas): Rama (Divine Knowledge), Lasshmana (Discrimination), Shatrughna (Meditation), Bharata (Renunciation), Sita (Divine Tranquility or bliss), Bow (Ego), Narada (Detached Action), Garden of Eden (attributes of Soul), Adam (Individual ego), Eve (sensual pleasure). Thus there is a narrative description of a subject under the guese of another having similarities. These are some of the examples given the book. In the present work the author argues that the apparently confliction religions can be reconciled by Jaina principle of ANEKANTAVADA (many sidedness or non-absolutism).Anon-Jaina thought would insist on the truth of his own faith EKANTAVADA (Absolutism or one sidedness) and would absolutely deny the validity of an oppsite view. The Jaina view would actually go out in search of the point of view from which the opposite view might be maintained. Jaina Siddanta presents a very happy agreement among all religions by appliying the principle of mutral tolerance. Some of the matter dealt in this bood has already appeared in 'key of knowledge' and in Gems of Islam' (in 2 parts) by the same author. First edition of the present book was published in 1922. The book has been out-of-print since long. Even today reading this book is a literary delight. The book is really an ocean of wisdom. Reading this book in itself is a life time experience. -Prof. M. L. Jain (Advisor-Academics) prof.m. 1.jain@gmail.com

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mUla jaina-saMskRti : aparigraha eka samIkSA -DaoN. kamelaza kumAra jaina vigata maI (9se 11) mAsa meM mujhe zrI gaNeza varNI di0 jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, sAgara (ma.pra.) ke zatAbdI samAroha (san 1905 se 2005) meM jAne kA avasara prApta huaa| vahA~ mujhe zrImAna paM. padmacandra zAstrI (vIra sevA maMdira, naI dillI) dvArA likhita eka laghupustaka milI hai jisakA nAma hai- mUla jaina-saMskRtiH aprigrh| ukta pustaka kA yaha tRtIya saMskaraNa hai, jo vIra sevA maMdira, 21, aMsArI roDa, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110002 dvArA abhI san 2005 meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai, jisakA mUlya svAdhyAya lekhaka paM. padmacandra zAstrI ne pustaka ke prAraMbhjJa meM - 'samarpaNa' zIrSaka meM likhA hai ki- "hama ikaTThA karane meM (lage) rahe aura saba kucha kho diyA- yaha eka aisA satya hai jise lAkhoM-lAkha prayatna ke bAda bhI jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| hama jaise-jaise jitanA parigraha bar3hAte rahe vaise-vaise utanA jaina hamase khisakatA gayA aura Aja sthiti yaha hai ki hama jaina hone ke sAdhanabhUta zrAvakocita AcAra-vicAra meM bhI zUnya jaise ho gye|" Age ve likhate haiM ki- "AtmA kI kathA karane vAle bar3e-bar3e vAcaka bhI parigraha-saMcayana meM lage rahe aura ve bhI ahiMsA, dAna Adi ke vividha AyAmoM se vividha rUpoM meM parigraha-saMcayana aura mAna-poSaNa Adi meM lIna rahe, jisase vItarAgatA kA pratIka 'aparigrahatva jainatvaM lupta hotA rhaa|" AdaraNIya paNDita jI kA yaha kathana hameM socane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai| kyoMki abhI taka hama jaina-saMskRti kA mUla paJca pApoM meM prathama pApa hiMsA ke virodhI ahiMsA ko hI mAnate rahe haiM aura zeSa cAra pApoM- jhUTha, corI, kuzIla tathA aparigraha ke virodhI-satya, acaurya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha ko ahiMsAvrata ke pAlana meM shyogii| aba taka mukhya rUpa se ahiMsA ko hI kendra binduoM meM rakhakara prAyaH vicAra kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura ise hI jainadharma kA prANa bhI mAnA gayA hai| satya aura tathya bhI kucha aisA hI hai| kyoMki paJca vratoM meM se kisI eka vrata kA bhI pUrNatayA pAlana karane se ahiMsA mahAvrata kI pratiSThA svataH ho jAtI hai| arthAt jo pUrNa acauryavrata kA pAlana karegA, vaha ahiMsaka hogaa| jo pUrNa brahmacaryavrata (zIlavrata) kA pAlana karegA, vaha ahiMsaka hogaa| jo pUrNa aparigrahavrata kA pAlana karegA, vaha ahiMsaka hogaa| maiM samajhatA hU~ ki isIliye AcAryoM ne ahiMsA ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| yadyapi pA~ca pApoM ke tyAga rupa pAMca vratoM meM se kisI eka ko kendra-bindu meM rakhakara zeSa cAra vratoM ko sahAyaka ke rupa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM koI kaThinAI

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 bhI nahIM hai, kintu yaha saba vyAkhyA-sApekSa kathana hogaa| arthAt hama satyavrata ko kendra-bindu meM rakhakara zeSa cAra vratoM ko sahAyaka mAnakara bhI vyAkhyA kara sakate haiN| isI prakAra acauryavrata, brahmacaryavrata aura aparigrahavrata meM se bhI kisI eka ko kendra-bindu meM rakhakara zeSa cAra vratoM ko sahAyaka ke rupa meM svIkAra kara sakate haiM aura isameM kisI prakAra kI koI hAni bhI nahIM hai, bazarte hama lakSyabhraSTa na hoN| vyAkhyA ke rupa meM hamArI dRSTiyA~ bhinna-bhinna ho sakatI hai, kintu hamArA lakSya/dRSya/darzanIya eka hai aura vaha hai aatmtttv-drshn| isI Atmatattva-darzana meM svapara kalyANa nihita hai| AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAroM meM anekAnta, kathana meM syAdvAda zailI aura samAja meM aparigraha- ye cAra hamArI jaina saMskRti ke mUla stambha haiM aura inheM yadi hama apane jIvana meM utAra sakeM to sacce jaina kahalAne ke adhikArI ho sakate haiN| kintu ina cAroM meM se hamane kisI eka ko bhI apane jIvana meM pUrNataH kyA AMzika bhI nahIM apanAyA hai| ataH hama kahane mAtra ko jaina raha gaye aura jainatva hamase dUra hotA gyaa| uparyukta cAra stambha hamAre jainatva kI kasauTI hai, inake pAlana karane meM jo kharA utarA so saccA jaina hai| prathama tIna kA saMbandha prAyaH vyaktigata jIvana se adhika hai, jabaki cauthe stambha aparigraha kA saMbandha samAja se jur3A huA hai| samAjadarzana ke binA vyakti-darzana aura vyaktidarzana ke binA samAjadarzana adhUrA hai| vyakti aura samAja eka dUsare para Azrita hai| inheM pRthaka-pRthak rupa meM dekhanA jaina saMskRti kA apamAna hai| phira bhI vyakti- vyakti se milakara samAja banatA hai, ataH vyaktiparaka kAryoM kA asara antataH samAja para par3atA hI hai| isIliye samAjazuddhi ke liye vyaktizuddhi apekSita hai| isI vyaktizuddhi ke liye yadi hama sUkSma dRSTi se ciMtana kareM to hameM ahiMsA se lekara aparigraha taka kI yAtrA karanI hogii| arthAt ahiMsA hamArI yAtrA kA prathama bindu hai aura aparigraha aMtima pdd'aav| aparigrahI huai binA pUrNa jainatva saMbhava nahIM hai| jaise lobha kaSAya krodhAdi kaSAyoM kA mUla hai vaisa hI hiMsAdi pApoM kA mUla parigraha hai| isaliye aparigraha kI kaThora sAdhanA ke binA Atma kalyANa saMbhava nahIM hai| uparyukta laghu pustaka meM paM. padamacandra zAstrI ne inhIM binduoM ko sasandarbha ujAgara karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| vicAraNIya prasaMga- mUla jaina-saMskRti aparigraha nAmaka isI pustaka ke anta meM do lekhoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jo kramazaH 'bharatakSetra ke sImandhara digambarAcArya kundakunda' aura 'digambaratva ko kaise chalA jA rahA hai' nAmaka zIrSakoM meM nibaddha haiN| prathama lekha meM lekhaka paM. padamacandra zAstrI ne AcArya kundakunda ko hI sImAoM ko dha raNa karane ke kAraNa sImandhara siddha kiyA hai| unakA cintana hai ki bAraha varSIya akAla ke kAraNa zithilAcAra panapA aura jainoM ke digambara aura zvetAmbara- ye do bheda ho gye| digambara aura zvetAmbara ke vivAda ko sulajhAne ke liye AcArya kundakunda ne paryApta prayAsa kiyA aura isa prayAsa ke antargata unhoMne bikharI huI maryAdAoM/ sImAoM kI rakSA kI, jisase ve mUlAcArya kahalAye tathA hameM kundakundAnvayI hone kA saubhAgya prApta huaa|

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anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 paM. padamacandra zAstrI kA abhimata hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne vItarAga dharma kI sImAoM ko vilupta hone se bacAyA hai, ataeva sImAoM ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa ve svayaM sImandhara the, kintu logoM ne kalpanA kara DAlI ki ve videhakSetra ke tIrtha kara sImandhara svAmI ke pAsa gaye the| abhI taka kI yahI mAnyatA rahI hai ki AcArya kundakunda videhakSetra gaye the aura vidvAnoM dvArA isakI puSTi kA ekamAtra AdhAra hai AcArya devasena saMkalita darzanasAra kI eka gAthA, jo isa prakAra hai jar3a pauyaNaMdiNAho sImaMdharasAmi divvnnnnaannenn| Na vivohai to samaNA kahaM subhaggaM pyaannNti||43|| isa gAthA kI paM. nAthUrAma premI kRta (athavA paraMparA se prApta) saMskRtacchAyA isa prakAra yadi padyanandinAthaH siimndhrsvaamidivyjnyaanen| na vibodhati tarhi zramaNAH kathaM sumArga prjaannti|| paM. nAthUrAma premI ne uparyukta gAthA kA hindI anuvAda isa prakAra kiyA hai-videhakSetra ke vartamAna tIrthakara sImandhara svAmI ke samavasaraNa meM jAkara zrI padyamanandinA yA kundakunda svAmI ne jo divyajJAna prApta kiyA thA usake dvArA yadi ve bodha na dete to munijana sacce mArga ko kaise jAnate ? isa gAthA TippaNI karate huye paM. nAthUrAma premI ne Aja se 88 varSa pUrva jaina hitaiSI ke maI-jUna aMka ke pRSTha 274 para 'darzanasAra vivecanA' zIrSaka ke antargata likhA hai ki"gAthA 43 se mAlUma hotA hai ki kundakunda svAmI ke viSaya meM jo yaha kiMvadantI prasiddha hai ki ve videhakSetra gaye the aura vahAM ke vartamAna tIrthakara sImandhara ke samavasaraNa meM jAkara unhoMne apanI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA thA so vikrama kI navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI meM bhI satya mAnI jAtI thii| arthAt yaha kiMvadantI bahuta purAnI hai| isI kI dekhA-dekhI logoM ne pUjyapAda ke viSaya meM bhI eka aisI hI kathA gar3ha lii|" paM. nAthUrAma premI hindI sAhitya ke marmajJa vidvAn the| unhoMne apane puruSArtha se hindI sAhitya kA prakAzana to kiyA hI hai, sA hI unhoMne aneka saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA Adi ke graMthoM kA saMpAdana, mudraNa evaM prakAzana kiyA hai| una graMthoM para yathAsthAna TippaNiyA~ bhI kI haiN| ataH AdaraNIya premI jI hamAre sammAna ke pAtra haiN| siramaura haiM, kintu jahAM kahIM ve zodha-khoja meM cUke haiM to unakA vistRta evaM khojapUrNa samAdhAna vIra sevA maMdira ke saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra ne samaya-samaya para kiyA hai| darzanasAra kI mUla prAkRta gAthA 43, usakI saMskRtacchAyA aura svakRta hindI anuvAda ko dhyAna meM rakhate huye AcArya kundakunda ke uparyukta videhakSetra gamana ko lekara AdaraNIya paM. nAthUrAma premI ne jo TippaNI kI hai vaha eka pakSa hai, kintu itanA to satya hai ki AcArya kundakunda ne apane graMthoM meM isa ghaTanA kA kahIM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA hai aura na hI koI aspaSTa saMketa diyA hai| ve apane kathana ko suyakevalI bhaNiyaM' (zrutakevalI

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94 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 kathitam) avazya kahate haiN| sImandhara kathitam' nhiiN| kundakundAcArya jaisA zreSTha AcArya jise hama tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI evaM gautama gaNadhara svAmI ke pazcAt zraddhApUrvaka maMgalasvarupa svIkAra karate haiM, apane paropakArI videhakSetrastha vidyamAna bIsa tIrthakaroM meM prathama sImaMdhara svAmI ko smaraNa na kareM yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kahIM na kahIM koI bhUla avazya hai| eka bAta aur| saMskRta padyoM athavA prAkRta gAthAoM kI saMracanA meM zabdoM ko Age-pIche kahIM bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai, kintu jaba padya athavA gAthA kA artha karate haiM taba una zabdoM ko vyvsthit| anvaya karake artha kiyA jAtA hai| darzanasAra kI pUrvokta gAthAjai paumaNaMdiNAho .... Adi meM 'sImaMdharasAmi' ko 'paumaNaMdiNAho' ko vizeSaNa mAna leM to yahI artha nikalegA ki- sImandhara svAmI padyanandi mahArAja (kundakundAcArya) yadi divyajJAna ke dvArA saMbodhana na dete to zramaNa (sAdhujana) sumArga (mokSamArga) kA jJAna kaise prApta karate ? usa samaya paristhitayA~ aisI ho gaI thIM ki saba kucha gaDDamagaDDa ho gayA thA, aise samaya meM sImAoM/ maryAdAoM ko dhAraNa karane/ karAne meM samartha kundakundAcArya ne apane divyajJAna se saMbodhita kara zramaNoM ko mokSamArga meM lagAyA thaa| jo kucha bhI ho, para itanA avazya hai ki paM. nAthUrAma premI ne jaba darzanasAra kI ukta 43vIM gAthA kA hindI anuvAda kiyA hogA to unake mana meM jAne-anajAne kundakundAcArya ke videhakSetra gamana kI kiMvadantI avazya kAma kara rahI hogI aura tadanukUla unhoMne hindI artha kara diyA tathA usa para apanI TippaNI bhI likha dii| paM. padamacandra zAstrI ne sImandhara svAmI ko padyanandinAtha kA vizeSaNa banAkara jo artha kiyA hai usako bhI prathama dRSTyA jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| saMyama dhAraNa kiye binA savastra mukti prApta karane ke uddezya se sahI kinhIM ko yadi kundakundAcArya kA videhakSetra gamana iSTa ho to isase laukika abhISTa kI siddhi ho sakatI hai, prasiddhi bhI ho sakatI hai, kintu pAramArthika siddhi na to abhI saMbhava hai aura na kabhI saMbhava hogii| ___ ataH vidvAnoM se merA vinamra anurodha hai ki ve ise vivAda kA viSaya na banAyeM, apitu zodha kA viSaya banAye aura niSpakSa dRSTi se vicAra kara tathyoM ko grahaNa kreN| - prophesara evaM adhyakSa jaina-bauddhadarzana vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI (uttarapradeza)

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sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu kI zraddhA samyakdarzana hai - bAbUlAla jaina vastu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| sirpha sAmAnya yA sirpha vizeSa ko honA asaMbhava hai| vastu sAmAnya rahita vizeSa nahIM ho sakatI aura vizeSa rahita mAtra sAmAnya bhI nahIM hotii| phira bhI sAmAnya vizeSa nahIM hotA aura vizeSa sAmAnya nahIM hotaa| vastu kA sAmAnya aMza jahA~ eka aura dravyArthikanaya yA dravyadRSTi kA viSaya hai, vahIM dUsarI ora vastu kI lagAtAra badalatI avasthAeM, paryAya yA vizeSa paryAyArthikanaya yA paryAyadRSTi ke viSaya haiN| isa prakAra ye donoM hI pratipakSInaya yA dRSTiyAM vastu ke sAmAnya va vizeSa karatI hai| jabaki nayoM yA dRSTiyoM ke pakSa se rahita pramANa kA viSaya sarvadeza athavA saMpUrNa vastu hai aura vahI pramANa kA viSaya samyakjJAna hai| Atma vastu ke mAtra sAmAnya aMza kA athavA vizeSa aMza kA jJAna aura zraddhAna kabhI bhI saMpUrNa vastu kA jJAna zraddhana nahIM hotA hai| sAmAnya jJAna vizeSa ke jJAna binA adhurA hai, samyak nahIM, aura vizeSa kA jJAna sAmAnya ke jJAna binA adhUrA hai, samyak nhiiN| donoM hI eka dUsare se nirapekSa hokara samyak nahIM hote haiN| mAtra paryAyadRSTi kA jJAna paryAyamUr3hapanA hai| isI prakAra mAtra dravyadRSTi kA jJAna dravyamUr3hapanA hai| jahA~ bhI zAstroM meM bhagavAna AcAryoM ke dvArA yaha kahA gayA hai ki dravyadRSTi kA zraddhAna karanA samyaktva hai vahAM nizcayapUrvaka yaha samajhanA cAhie ki yaha kathana paryAyamUr3ha ko lakSya karake kahA gayA hai| jo paryAyamUr3ha the unako dravyadRSTi ke samyak ekAnta dvArA dravya ke sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka zraddhAna karane ke lie upadeza diyA gayA hai| yaha kathana pratipakSI naya se nirapekSa nahIM hai| paryAyadRSTi ke viSaya kI mithyAdRSTi kI mAnyatA(1) zarIra AtmA meM ekapanA (2) rAgAdibhAvoM meM apanA svabhAvapanA (3) dravyakarma ke sAtha kartAkarmapanA (upAdapanA) (4) bAharI nimittoM meM kartApanA (5) saMyogI vastuoM meM ekatva buddhi (jo ahaMkAra ko puSTa karatI hai) dravyadRSTi ke viSaya kI mithyAzraddhAnI kI mAnyatA(1) paryAyadRSTi ke vastu aMza ko asatyArtha mAnanA (2) rAgadveSAdika bhAvoM se rahita apane ko mAnanA (3) zarIra ke satya saMyoga ko na mAnanA (4) dravyakarma ke sAtha nimitta jaimaittika saMbandha bhI na mAnanA (5) bAharI nimittoM ko sAdhana bhI na maannaa| sahI samyaktva mAnyatA(1) zarIra AtmA meM ekatvapanA nahIM, saMyoga mAnanA (2) rAgAdibhAva AtmA kA vibhAva hai, svabhAva nahIM hai| (3) karma ke nimitta- naimittika saMbandha mAnanA, kartAkarma saMbandha na maannaa| (4) bAharI nimitta sAdhana ho sakatA hai kAraNa nahIM hai|

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96 anekAnta 63/2, apraila-jUna 2010 dravyadRSTi viSaya kI ekAnta mAnyatA to yaha jIva kisI dUsare kA ekAnta upadeza pAkara karatA hai| AcAryoM kA upadeza jo samyak ekAnta kI dRSTi se diyA gayA hai use ekAnta rUpa mAna letA hai| paryAyadRSTi viSayavastR aMza ko vahAM abhUtArtha bhI kahA haikyoMki dravyadRSTi ke viSaya ke antargata paryAyadRSTi ke viSaya kA abhAva hai| isalie rAgAdi, zarIrAdi samasta saMyogoM ko Atma svarUpa na hone se abhUtArtha satyArtha kahA hai| yaha paryAyadRSTi se bhI una saMyogoM ko, nimitta-naimittika saMbandhoM ko maMjUra nahIM karatA hai| paryAyadRSTi kA ekAnta to janma-janmAMtara se calA A rahA hai| zarIra AtmA meM ekapanA hone se sabhI zarIra saMbandhI saMyogoM meM bhI ekapanA A jAtA hai| unake nAza se apanA nAza unakI utpatti se saapanI utpatti mAnatA hai| samasta saMyogoM ko iSTa aniSTa mAnakara rAgadveSa karane kA abhiprAya banAye rakhanA hai| dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu kIrasahI zraddhA hone se jaba dravya svabhAva meM ekatvapanA AtA hai taba paryAya ke sAtha ekatvapanA nahIM rhtaa| jaba svabhAva meM nityapanA AtA hai taba paryAya ke sAtha nityapanA nahIM rhtaa| jaba svabhAva meM nityapanA AtA hai to vibhAva meM anityapanA A jAtA hai| jaba svabhAva ko dhruva mAnatA hai to paryAya adhruva ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra dravaya-paryAya kI sApekSatA banatI hai| mAtra paryAya ko anitya mAnane para bhI vAstavika anityapA nahIM aayegaa| vaha to svabhAva konitya mAnane para hI paryAya kA anityapanA nizcita hogaa| donoM kI to svabhAva ko nitya mAnane para hI paryAya kA anityapanApa nizcita hogaa| donoM kI aisI sApekSatA hai ki svabhAva kI sahI zraddha kare to paryAya kI sahI zraddhA ho| adhyAtma caraNAnuyoga kI ekatA caraNAnuyoga kA samUcA kathana bAharI sAdhana kA viSaya hai| usako sAdhana to mAnanA caahie| kAraNa mAnanA caahie| sAdhana nahIM mAneMge to usakA avalambana nahIM leMge aurakAraNa mAnane para usase kArya utpanna honA hI cAhie jabaki aisA nahIM hai| sAdhana use kahate haiM jisakA avalambana lekara hama puruSArtha karake kArya kreN| kAraNa use kahate haiM jo kArya utpanna kara de| jaisA amRtacandra svAmI ne pravacanasAra ke caraNAnuyoga adhikAra ke zuru meM likhA hai| unhoMne samyakdarzana-samyakjJAna-samyakcAritra va samyak tapa ke samUce vyavahAra ko sAdhana mAnakara usakA avalambana lekara puruSArtha pUrvaka apane Atma-svabhAva meM lagane ko maMjUra kiyA hai| yaha dravyadRSTi kA hI pratApa hai ki usake dvArA jIva ko apanI paryAya meM hone vAlI parAdhInatA kA sahI jJAna hotA hai| isalie dravyadRSTi ke viSayabhUta vastu ke jJAna ke sAtha sAtha, isa jIva ko paryAyadRSTi kI apekSA apanI hInatA, apanA vikAra dikhAI na de to isake dravyadRSTi viSaya jJAna ko sahI nahIM kahA jaayegaa| apanI paryAya kI hInatA dUra karane ke lie eka ora jo avalambana usa hInatA ko bar3hAne meM sAdhana hai usase haranA cAhie aura aise sAdhanoM meM laganA jarUrI hai| -bI-137, viveka vihAra dillI- 110095

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Year-63, Volume-3 July - September 2010 RNI No. 10591/62 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (janavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002

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anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jalnology & Prakrit Languages) Founder saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhatAra 'yugavIra' Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, varANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro, ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka-rupaye 20/- vArSika - ru. 80/This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly - Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, aMsArI roDa dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAn lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM haiN| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|

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saMbodhana kahA paradesI ko ptiyaaro| mana mAnai taba calai paMtha koM, sA~jhi ginai na skaaro| sabai kuTumba chA~r3i itahI, puni tyAgi calai tana pyaaro||1|| dUra ditAvara calata ApahI, kou na rAkhana haaro| koU prIti karau kina koTika, aMta hoyago nyaaro||2|| dhana sauM ruci dharama soM bhUlata, jhUlata moha mjhaaro| ihi vidhi kAla ananta gamAyo, pAyo nahiM bhava paaro||3| sAMce sukha sauM vimukha hota haiM, bhrama madirA mtvaaro| cetahu ceta sunahu re 'bhaiyA' Apa hI Apa sNbhaaro||4|| kahA paradesI ko ptiyaaro|| garaba nahiM kIjai re e nara nipaTa gNvaar| jhUThI kAyA jhUThI mAyA, chAyA jyoM lakhi lIjai re| kai china sA~jha suhAgaru jobana, kai dina jaga meM jIjai re|| begahi ceta bilamba tajo nara, baMdha baDhe thiti kIjai re| 'bhUdhara' pala-pala ho hai bhArI, jyoM jyoM kamarI bhIjai re|| - kavivara bhUdharadAsajI

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viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA saMbodhana viSayAnukramaNikA 1. Asrava svarUpa aura kAraNa - DaoN. zreyAMsa ku. jaina 5-15 2. jaina vAD.maya ko unakA avadAna - DaoN. AnandakumAra jaina 16-21 3. prAcIna granthoM ke Aloka meM - DaoN. aruNimA jaina 22-26 vartamAna kara-vyavasthA 4. sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita naya vimarza - DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina 27-38 5. zrAvaka aura guNavrata - DaoN. sArikA tyAgI 39-47 6. jainadharma meM varNita ahiMsAH gRhastha ke - amita kumAra jaina 48-52 __ pariprekSya meM 7. vaidika AcAra aura jaina AcAra - DaoN. jaya kumAra jaina 53-64 8. svarUpa saMbodhana meM AtmA kA vidhi-niSedha - DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina 65-69 aura mUrtatva-amUrtatva 9. du:kha kA vivecanaH jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM - kuladIpa kumAra 70-73 10. jaina campU sAhitya aura usakA vaiziSTya - pro. bhAgacanda jaina 'bhAgendu' 74-84 11. dharma svarUpa - DaoN. udayacandra jaina 85-93 12. pustaka samIkSA -DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina 94-96

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Asrava svarUpa aura kAraNa -DaoN. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina saMsAra-bhramaNa ke pramukha hetu Asrava aura bandha haiN| kAraNa ke binA kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai| isalie saMsArarUpI kArya ko jAnane ke lie usake kAraNa Asrava evaM bandha ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| Asrava pUrvaka bandha hotA hai Asrava ko samajhane ke lie Asrava ke kAraNoM para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| gIle vastra meM Ane vAlI dhUla kI taraha kaSAya ke kAraNa AtmA meM karmoM kA cipakAva hotA hai| gIlA kapar3A jaise havA ke sAtha lAI gaI dhUli ko cAroM ora se cipaTA letA hai usI prakAra kaSAya se raJjita AtmA yoga ke nimitta se AI huI karmaraja ko saMpUrNa AtmapradezoM dvArA khIMca letA hai| ise dUsare udAharaNa dvArA bhI samajhA jA sakatA hai jaise vahni saMtapta lohe ko pAnI meM DAlA jAya to vaha cAroM tarapha se jala ko apane meM khIMcatA hai usI prakAra kaSAya se saMtapta AtmA yoga ke dvArA AI huI kArmaNa vargaNAoM ko cAroM tarapha se khIMcatA hai| karmoM kA AtmA dvArA grahaNa karanA yA karmoM kA AkarSaNa hI to Asrava hai| isI prakAra Asrava ko tattvArthavArtikakAra ne udAharaNa sahita isa prakAra samajhAyA hai-"tatpraNAlikayA karmAsravaNAdAnavAbhidhAnaM saliladma vaahidvaarvt| padmasara:salilavAhi dvAraM tadAsravakAraNatvAt Asrava ityAkhyAyate tathA yogapraNAlikayA AtmanaH karma AsravatIti yoga Asrava iti vyapadezamarhati" arthAt jaise tAlAba ke jalAgamana dvAra se pAnI AtA hai, vaha jalAgamana dvAra jala ke Ane kA kAraNa hone se Asrava kahalAtA hai, usI prakAra yoga-praNAlI se AtmA meM karma Ate haiM ataH yoga ko hI Asrava kahate haiN| kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA ko yoga kahate haiN| yahI yoga Asrava kahA haimanovargaNA, vacanavargaNA, kAyavargaNA kA Azraya lekara yoga hotA hai| jo karma ke Agamana kA kAraNa hai usakI yoga saMjJA hai| sabhI yogoM ko Asrava nahIM kahate haiN| isI ko spaSTa karane hetu AcArya umAsvAmI ne "kAyavAD.manaH karma yogaH" aura 'sa AsravaH" do sUtroM kI racanA kI jinase jJAta hotA hai ki sabhI yoga Asrava nahIM hai| isa tathya ko spaSTa karane ke lie AcArya bhAskaranandi ne likhA hai "yadi aisA artha iSTa nahIM hotA to "kAyavAD. manaH karma yoga AsravaH" aisA eka sUtra banatA aura sa zabda nahIM rahane se sUtra lAghava hotA hai eva iSTa artha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| sabhI yoga AsravarUpa nahIM hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki sayogakevalI jaba kevalI samudghAta karate haiM taba daNDa, kapATa, pratara aura lokapUraNa rUpa AtmapradezoM kA phailanA hotA hai, isa kriyA svarUpa jo yoga haiM, vaha karmabandha kA kAraNa nahIM hai| yahA~ prazna hai ki sayogI jinake usa kevalI samudaghAta avasthA meM karmabandha kA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kAraNa (arthAt Asrava rUpa kA samaya vAlA sAtAvedanI karma ke baMdha kA kAraNa) kauna hotA hai? isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kAya vargaNA kA AlaMbana lekara jo AtmapradazoM meM parispanda huA hai usa svarUpa jo yoga hai, vaha sayogakevalI ke samuddhAta kAla meM bandha kA kAraNa hai| ataH tInoM yoga eka sAtha bandha meM kAraNa hote haiM aisA nahIM hai| isa Asrava vyavasthA para jainAcAryoM ne hI mukhyarUpa se vicAra kiyA hai| jainadarzana meM vizeSa varNana hai jaise pro. yokobI ne likhA hai ki Asrava saMvara tInoM zabda jainadharma ke samAna hI prAcIna hai| bauddhoM ne unameM se adhika mahattva vAle Asrava ko ughAra liyA hai| ve isakA upayoga lagabhaga isI bhAva meM karate haiM parantu usake zabdArtha meM nahIM krte| kyoMki ve karma ko eka vAstavika padArtha nahIM mAnate haiM aura AtmA ko asvIkAra karate haiM jisameM Asrava kA honA saMbhava hai| isa prakAra yaha siddha hotA hai ki karmavAda jainoM kA eka maulika va mahattvapUrNa vAda hai aura vaha bauddhadharma kI utpatti kI apekSA prAcIna hai| Asrava tattva kA vizada varNana saMsAra vyavasthA kA parijJAna kA mukhya kAraNa hai| isalie tAttvika vivecanA kA mukhya viSaya Asrava hai| isake jJAna ke binA karmabandha se bacanA saMbhava nahI hai yahI kAraNa hai ki Asrava ke svarUpa aura kAraNa para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| Asrava meM kaSAya kI bhUmikA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai isalie jainAcAryoM ne kaSAya sahita aura kaSAya rahita jIva kI Asrava vyavasthA ko dikhalAyA hai| isa viSaya meM tattvArthasUtrakAra kahate haiM- sakaSAya (kaSAya sahita) jIvoM ke sAmparAyika aura akaSAya (kaSAya rahita) jIvoM ke IryApatha Asrava hotA hai| svAmI kI vivakSA se Asrava kI do prakAra kI prasiddhi hai| jo kaSAya sahita hai ve sakaSAya hai| inakI sattA dazama guNasthAna taka hai tathA jo- kaSAya rahita haiM, ve akaSAya he ye dazama guNasthAna ke Upara hote haiN| ataH Asrava ke ananta bheda hone para bhI sakaSAya aura akaSAya ina do svAmiyoM kI apekSA Asrava ke bhI do prakAra mAne gaye haiM- sAmparAyika aura iiryaapth| 1- sAmparAyika Asrava samparAya (saMsAra) hI jisakA prayojana hai, vaha sAmparAyika hai| krodhAdika vikAroM ke sAtha hone vAle Asrava ko sAmparAyika Asrava kahate haiN| yaha Asrava anAdikAla se AtmA meM cala rahA hai| jaba taka kaSAya kA saMbandha rahatA hai taba taka sAmparAyika Asrava hI hotA hai| kaSAya snigdhatA kA pratIka hai| jaise tela sikta zarIra meM dhUli cipakakara lambe samaya taka cipakI rahatI hai, vaise hI kaSAya sahita hone vAlA yaha Asrava bhI dIrghakAla taka sthAyI rahatA hai| isI ko bhaTTAraka akalaMkadeva ne samajhAyA hai ki samparAya kaSAya kA vAcI hai| mithyAdRSTi se lekara sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna taka kaSAya ke udaya se Ardra pariNAma vAle jIvoM ke yoga ke dvArA Aye hue karmabhAva se upaiivaSyapAna vargaNAaiM gIle carma yA vastra para Azrita dhUli kI taraha cipaka jAtI haiM, unameM sthiti bandha ho jAtA hai, vahI sAmparAyika Asrava hai| yaha cAra kaSAyoM pAMca avratoM aura samyaktva Adi paccIsa kriyAoM dvArA jIva nirantara karatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 2. IryApatha Asrava IrSyApatha arthAt yogagati jo karma mAtra yoga se hI Ate haiM, ve IrSyApatha Asrava haiN|" sakaSAya jIva ke sAmparAyika aura akaSAya jIva ke IryApatha Asrava hotA hai| upazAntakaSAya kSINakaSAya, kSINamoha aura sayogakevalI ke yoga kriyA se Aye hue karmoM kA saMzleSaNa na hone se sUkhI dIvAla para par3e hue dhUli kI taraha dvitIya kSaNa meM hI jhar3a jAte haiN| isa prakAra kI kriyA IryApatha Asrava hai| kaSAyoM kA Asrava ho jAne ke kAraNa yaha dIrghakAla taka nahIM Thahara paatii| isakI sthiti eka samaya kI hotI hai| gyArahaveM se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIva kaSAya rahita haiM isalie unake akaSAyarUpa IryApatha Amrava hotA hai| 7 donoM prakAra ke Asrava meM se koI bhI Asrava kI sattA jIva ke sattA meM pAyI jAtI hai to vaha saMsArI hI hai| saMsAra meM rahate hue aghAtiyA karmoM kI sthiti zeSa rahane ke kAraNa jIva baddha hotA huA bhI abaddha hI hai / saMsArI mukta hone ke kAraNa sayoga kevalI avasthA sakala paramAtmA ke pada ko bhI prApta rahatI hai| Asrava saMsAra avasthA taka hai| usake abhAva hone para muktAvasthA kI prApti nizcita hai| jIvoM ke Asrava kI vizeSatA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| yoga pratyeka saMsArI jIva ke hotA hai yoga hone para bhI saMpUrNa jIvoM ke Asrava samAna nahIM hotaa| kyoMki jIvoM ke pariNAmoM ke ananta bheda haiM jaisA kahA bhI gayA hai " NANA jIvA NANA kammANi NANaviha have laddhi'"" arthAt saMsAra meM aneka jIva haiM, unake karma bhI ananta haiN| isalie unakI labdhi yAM bhI nAnA prakAra kI hotI haiN| Asrava kI vizeSatA ke kAraNoM ko darzAte huai umAsvAmI AcArya likhate haiM "tIvramandajJAtAjJAtabhAvAdhikaraNavIryavizebhyastadudvizeSaH" arthAt tIvrabhAva, mandabhAva, jJAtabhAva, ajJAtabhava, adhikaraNa aura vIrya vizeSa ke bheda se Asrava kI vizeSatA hotI hai| Asrava meM ukta kAraNoM se vizeSatA pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki kAraNa pUrvaka hI kArya hotA hai jisa Asrava kA jaisA kAraNa hai, usake anusAra hI karmAsrava kI vyavasthA nizcita hai| dravyakarmoM ke nimitta se hone vAle Asrava ko dikhalAne ke lie karma kI mUla ATha prakRtiyoM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya karmoM ke hetuoM ko dikhalAyA jA rahA hai ataH jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa- jJAna ko jo AvRta karatA hai, vaha jJAnAvaraNIya karma hai aura darzana guNa kA AvaraNa karane vAlA darzanAvaraNIya karma hai| ina donoM karmoM ke Asrava ke kAraNa nihava, mAtsarya, antarAya, AsAdana aura upaghAta hai ina Asrava nimittoM ke svarUpa bhaTTAkalaMkadeva ne vistAra se samajhAye haiM, unhIM ke anusAra prastuta haiM pradoSa kisI ke jJAnakIrtana (jJAna kI mahimA jAnane/sunane) ke bAda mukha se kucha na kahakara antaraMga meM pizunabhAva honA, tApa honA pradoSa hai| mokSa kI prApti ke sAdhanabhUta

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 mati, zruta Adi pAMca jJAnoM kI athavA jJAna ke dhArI kI prazaMsA karane para athavA usakI prazaMsA sunane para mukha se kucha nahIM kaha karake mAnasika pariNAmoM meM paizUnya hotA hai athavA anta:karaNa meM usake prati IrSyA kA bhAva hotA hai, vaha pradoSa kahalAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNakarma kA Asrava kA kAraNa hai| nihnava- dUsare ke abhisandhAna se jJAna kA apalApa karanA nihnava hai| yAtkiJcitaparamita ko lekara kisI bahAne se kisI bAta ko jAnane para bhI maiM isa bAta ko nahIM jAnatA hU~ isa prakAra jJAna ko chipAnA jJAna ke viSaya meM vaMcana karanA nihnava hai| mAtsarya- kisI kAraNa se AtmA ke dvArA bhakti, dene yogya jJAna ko bhI yogya pAtra ke lie nahIM denA mAtsarya hai| antarAya- jJAna kA vyavaccheda karanA antarAya hai| kaluSatA ke kAraNa jJAna kA vyavaccheda karanA, kaluSita bhAvoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jJAna ke sAtha pustakAdi kA viccheda karanA/ nAza karanA kisI ke jJAna meM vighna DAlanA antarAya hai| upaghAta- prazasta jJAna meM dUSaNa lagAnA upaghAta hai| svakIyA buddhi aura hRdaya kI kaluSatA ke kAraNa prazasta jJAna bhI aprazasta, yukta bhI ayukta pratIta hotA hai| ataH samIcIna jJAna meM bhI doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA, jhUThA doSAropaNa karanA upaghAta kahalAtA hai sAmAnya rUpa se donoM (upaghAta aura AsAdanA) AsravoM kA samAna svarUpa pratIta hotA hai, kintu inameM mUlabhUta antara hai- AsAdanA meM vidyamAna jJAna kI vinaya prakAzana na krnaa| dUsare ke sAmane jJAnavAn kI prazaMsA na karanA AtA hai kintu upaghAta meM dUsare ke jJAna ko ajJAna mAnakara usake nAza karane kA abhiprAya rakhA jAtA hai| inake atirikta Agama viruddha bolanA, anAdara pUrvaka artha kA sunanA adhyayana meM Alasya, zAstra becanA, AcArya ke pratikUla calanA, dharma meM rukAvaTa DAlanA, jJAnIjanoM kA tiraskAra, dhUrtatA kA vyavahAra karanA ye saba jJAnAvaraNa karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' jJAna ke viSaya meM Upara kahe gaye pradoSAdika yadi jJAna-jJAnI aura usake sAdha noM ke viSaya meM kiye gaye hoM to jJAnAvaraNa karma ke Asrava hote haiM aura darzana tathA darzana ke sAdhanoM ke viSaya meM kiye gaye hoM to darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava hote haiN| isake atirikta netroM kA ukhAr3anA, bahuta kAla taka sonA, dina meM sonA, nAstikatA kA bhAva rakhanA, samyagdRSTi jIva meM dUSaNa lagAnA, kuguruoM kI prazaMsA karanA aura samIcIna tapasvI guruoM meM glAni karanA darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava haiN| vartamAna meM ukta jJAnAvaraNa aura darzanAvaraNa karma ke Asrava ke nimittoM ko zrAvaka ne to pariNAmoM kI malinatA ke vazIbhUta hokara apanA hI rakhA hai| kheda hai sAdhu bhI jJAna hote hue bhI ina AsavoM se apane ko nahIM bacA rahA hai| sabhI kA prayatna honA cAhie ki ukta nimittoM se apane ko bcaaveN| vedanIya karma- jIva ko jo karma sukha athavA duHkha kA vedana karAtA hai, vaha vedanIya karma hai| mithyAtva Adi pratyayoM ke vaza se karma paryAya meM pariNata aura jIva ke sAtha

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 samavAya saMbandha ko prApta sukha-du:kha kA anubhava karane vAle pudgala skandha hI vedanIya nAma se kahe jAte haiN| vedanIya karma ko samajhAne ke lie zahada lipaTI talavAra kA udAharaNa diyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra madhulipta khaDga kI dhAra ko cATane se pahale alpa sukha aura phira adhika duHkha hotA hai| arthAt jihvA kaTa jAne para tIvra vedanA hotI hai| usI prakAra paudgalika sukha meM du:khoM kI adhikatA hotI hai| sukha ke kAraNabhUta sAtA vedanIya aura du:kha ke kAraNabhUta asAtA vedanIya karma hai| asAtA vedanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa- apane yA dUsare meM yA donoM meM vidyamAna duHkha, zoka, tApa, Akrandana, vadha aura paridevana ye asAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| pIr3A lakSaNa pariNAma ko du:kha kahate haiN| anugrAhaka ke saMbandha kA viccheda hone para vaikalya vizeSa zoka kahalAtA hai| parivAdAdi nimitta ke kAraNa kaluza anta:karaNa kA tIvra anuzayatApa hai| paritApa se utpanna azrupAta, pracura vilApa Adi se abhivyakta hone vAlA krandana hI akrandana hai| Ayu, indriya, bala, zvAsocchvAsa Adi kA viyoga karanA vadha hai| atisaMkleza pUrvaka sva-para anugrAhaka, abhilaSita viSaya ke prati anukampA-utpAdaka rodana paridevana hai|' krodhAdi ke Aveza se du:khAdi AtmA para ubhayastha hote haiN| ye du:kha, zoka, tApa, akrandana, vadha aura paridevana sva-para aura ubhaya meM hote haiN| jaba krodhAdi se AviSTa AtmA apane meM du:kha zokAdi utpanna karatA hai, taba ve krodhAdi ubhyasta hote haiM aura jaba samartha vyakti kaSAyavaza para ye duHkhAdi utpanna karatA hai, taba ve parastha hote haiM aura jaba sAhUkAra karja lene vAle se RNa vasUla karane Ate haiM taba tajjanita bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ke kAraNa duHkhita hote haiM, ve ubhayastha hote haiN| prazna yaha hai ki asAtA vedanIya ke Asrava nimitta ukta hI haiM aura bhI ho sakate hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue AcArya akalaMkadeva likhate haiM- "ina kAraNoM ke atirikta anya kAraNa isa prakAra hai-azubha prayoga, para parivAda, paizunya, anukampA kA abhAva, paraparitApa, aMgopAMgaccheda, bheda, tADana, trAsana, tarjana, martsana, lakSaNa, vizaMsana, bandhana, rodha na, mardana, damana, zarIra, ko rUkhA kara denA, paranindA, AtmaprazaMsA, saMklezaprAdurbhAvana, nirdayatA, hiMsA, mahArambha, adhika parigraha kA arjana, vizvAsaghAta, kuTilatA, pApakarma jIvitva, anarthadaNDa, bANa pAza yantra Adi du:kha zokAdi se gRhIta hote haiN| ye sva-para aura ubhaya meM rahane vAle duHkhAdi pariNAma nizcita rUpa se asAtA vedanIya ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' para kI taraha apanI buddhi se apanI vastu kA tyAga karanA dAna hai| upakAra bhAvanA se apanI vastu arpaNa karanA dAna hai| ___sAtAvedanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa- bhUtAnukampA, vratyanukampA, dAna, sarAga saMyama, yoga, kSAnti aura zauca sAtAvedanIya ke Asrava haiN| inako isa prakAra samajhanA caahie| Ayukarma ke udaya se hone vAle bhUta hai arthAt saMpUrNa prANI bhUta kahalAte haiM kisI pyAse, bhUkhe, du:khI prANI ko dekhakara jo vAstava meM jIva kA mana duHkhita hotA hai use prANiyoM kI kRpA kahate haiM, vahI anukampA hai| vratiyoM para anukampA rakhanA vratyanukampA hai| sarAgI

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kI azubha karmoM se nivRtti sarAga saMyama hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI zubha pariNAma bhAvanApUrvaka nivRtti karanA zAnti hai| svadravya kA mamatva nahIM chor3anA, dUsare ke dravya kA apaharaNa karanA, dharohara ko har3apanA Adi lobha ke antargata Ate haiN| uparyukta lobha ke uparama (tyAga) ko zauca kahA jAtA hai| ina sabhI zubha kriyAoM se vyakti sAtAvedanIya karma kA Asrava karatA hai jisake bandha se jIva sukhI hotA hai| mohanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa jisake dvArA mohA jAtA hai vaha mohanIya karma hai| jaise dhatUrA, madirA, kodoM Adi kA sevana karane se vyakti mUrcchita sA ho jAtA hai, isameM iSTa- aniSTa, heya-upAdeya ko jAnane kA viveka nahIM rahatA usI prakAra mohanIyakarma prANiyoM ko isa prakAra mohita kara detA hai ki jIva ko padArtha kA yathArtha bodha hone para bhI vaha tadanusAra kArya nahIM kara paataa| mohanIyakarma sabhI karmoM meM pradhAna karma mAnA gayA hai kyoMki isake abhAva meM zeSa karmoM kA sattva asattva ke samAna ho jAtA hai| janma-maraNa kI paraMparA rUpa saMsArotpAdana kI sAmarthya mohanIya ke abhAva meM anya karmoM kI nahIM rhtii| yaha mohanIya karma darzana mohanIya aura caritra mohanIya bheda kI vivakSA se do prakAra kA hai| AtmA, Agama yA padArthoM meM ruci yA zraddhA ko darzana kahate haiN| usa darzana ko jo mohita karatA hai arthAt viparIta kara detA hai use darzana mohanIya karma kahate hai| guNavAn aura mahattvazAliyoM meM apanI buddhi aura hRdaya kI kaluSatA se avidyamAna doSoM kA udbhAvana karanA avarNavAda hai| athavA jisameM jo doSa nahIM hai unakA usameM udbhAvana karanA avarNavAda hai| kevalI, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura devoM kA avarNavAda (avidyamAna doSoM kA pracAra) darzana mohanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| indriya aura krama ke vyavadhAna se rahita jJAna vAle kevalI hote haiN| moha rAga dveSAdi doSoM se rahita kevalI ke dvArA kathita aura buddhi Adi RddhiyoM ke atizayoM ke dhArI gaNadha ra ke dvArA avadhArita zruta kahA jAtA hai| ratnatraya se yukta muniyoM kA samUha saMgha kahalAtA hai| sarvajJa dvArA pratipAdita Agama meM upadiSTa ahiMsA Adi kA AcaraNa dharma hai| divyatA ke dhAraka deva hote haiN| ukta kI nindA avarNavAda se hI jIva mithyAtva kA bandha karatA rahatA hai| cAritra mohanIya ke Asrava ke kAraNa AtmasvararUpa meM AcaraNa karanA cAritra hai usakA ghAta karane vAlA karma cAritra mohanIya hai| cAritramoha kA kArya AtmA ko cAritra se cyuta karanA hai| kyoMki kaSAyoM ke udreka se hI AtmA cAritra se cyuta hotA hai kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM nhiiN| kaSAya ke udaya se hone vAle tIvra pariNAma cAritra mohanIya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| cAritra mohanIya kaSAya vedanIya aura akaSAya vedanIya rUpa hotA hai| kaSAya vedanIya anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAna, pratyAkhyAna, saMjvalana ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hai phira pratyeka ke krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha cAra prakAra hone se 16 prakAra kA hotA hai| akaSAya ko nokaSAya bhI kahA gayA hai| yaha hAsya, rati,

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 11 arati zoka, bhaya jugupsA, puMveda, strIveda, napusaMkaveda ke bheda se nau prakAra kA hai| jagadupakArI, zIlavatI, tapasviyoM kI nindA karanA, dharma kA dhvaMsa karanA, dhArmika kAryoM meM antarAma karanA, kisI ko zIlaguNa, deza saMyama ora sakala saMyama se cyuta karanA, madya-mAMsa Adi se virakta jIvoM ko unase vicakAnA, cAritra aura cAritradhArI meM dUSaNa lagAnA, saMkleza utpAdaka veSoM aura vratoM ko dhAraNa karanA, sva-para meM kaSAyoM kA utpAdana Adi kriyAeM evaM bhAva kaSAya vedanIya ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| ukta nimittoM ko vyakti sahaja meM jor3atA rahatA hai jisase cAritra mohanIya karma kA bandha hotA hai| ina kAraNoM ko jAnakara jo satata inase bacane kA upAya socatA hai aura bacatA hai, vahI mokSamArga para bar3ha pAtA hai| Ayukarma jo karma jIva ko naraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva meM se kisI zarIra meM nizcita avadhi taka roke rakhatA hai, usa avadhAraNa ke nimitta karma ko Ayukarma kahate haiN| Ayukarma kA udaya jIva ko usI prakAra roke rakhatA hai jisa prakAra eka vizeSa prakAra kI sAMkala yA kASTha kA phandA apane chidra meM paga rakhane vAle vyakti ko roke rakhatA hai| Ayukarma ke cAra bheda haiM narakAyu, tiryaJcAyu, manuSyAyu, devaayu| bahuta AraMbha aura bahuta parigraha rakhane kA bhAva narakAyu kA Asrava kA kAraNa hai| isake alAvA hiMsA Adi kI nirantara pravRtti, dUsare ke dhana apaharaNa kA bhAva indriyoM ke viSayoM kI ati AsAkti, marate samaya kRSNalezyA aura raudradhyAna kA honA Adi bhI narakAyu ke Asrava ke nimitta haiN| cAritra moha ke udaya se kuTila bhAva hotA hai, vaha mAyA hai| mAyAcAra karanA hI tiryaJcAyu ke Asrava meM nimitta banatA hai| tattvArthavArtikAra ne vistAra se batAyA hai "mithyAtva yukta adharma kA upedaza, ativaJcanA, kUTakarma, chala-prapaMca kI ruci, paraspara phUTa DAlanA, anarthodbhAvana, varNa, rasa, gandha Adi ko vikRta karane kI abhiruci, jAtikulazIlasaMdUSaNa, visaMvAda meM ruci, mithyA jIvitva, kisI ke sadguNoM kA lopa, asadguNakhyApana, nIla evaM kApota lezyA ke pariNAma AdhyAna aura maraNakAla meM ataraudra pariNAma ityAdi tiryaJcAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| alpa AraMbha aura alpa parigraha manuSyAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| vistAra se isa prakAra jAnanA cAhie- mithyAdarzana sahita buddhi, vinIta svabhAva, prakRtibhadratA, mArdava-ArjavapariNAma, acche AcaraNoM meM sukha mAnanA reta kI rekhA ke samAna krodhAdi sarala vyavahAra, alpAraMbha, alpaparigraha, saMtoSa meM rati, hiMsA se virakti, duSTa kAryoM se nivRtti, svAMgata tatparatA, kama bolanA, prakRti madhuratA, sabake sAtha upakAra buddhi rakhanA, audAsInyavRtti, IrSyA rahita pariNAma, alpasaMkleza, guru devatA atithi kI pUjA satkAra meM ruci, dAnazIlatA, kApota-pItalezyA ke pariNAma sarAga saMyama se dharmadhyAna pariNati Adi lakSaNa vAle pariNAma manuSyAyu ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' manuSya bhava dhAraNa kI cAha vAloM ko ukta kArya hI karanA cAhie, jisase manuSyAyu kA Asrava ho aura bandha ho| Ayubandha hone para chUTatA nahIM hai ataH manuSyAyu prApta hogI

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 hI hogii| sarAgasaMyama, saMyamAsaMyama, akAma, aura bAlatapa ye deva Ayu ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN|' pAMca mahAvratoM ke svIkAra kara lene para bhI rAgAMza kA banA rahanA sarAgasaMyama hai| isakA sadbhAva dazaveM guNasthAna taka hai| vratAvrata rUpa pariNAma saMyamAsaMyama hai| isake nimitta se gRhastha ke trasa hiMsA se virati rupa aura sthAvara hiMsA se aviratirUpa pariNAma hote haiN| paravazatA ke kAraNa bhUkha-pyAsa kI bAdhA sahanA, brahmacarya pAlana, jamIna para sonA, mala-mUtra ko rokanA Adi akAma kahalAtA hai aura isa kAraNa jo nirjarA hotI hai, vaha akAma nirjarA hai| bAla arthAt AtmajJAna se rahita mithyAdRSTi vyaktiyoM kA paJcAgnitapa, agnipraveza, nakha-keza kA bar3hAnA, UrdhvabAhu hokara khar3e rahanA, anazana arthAt kaSAyavaza bhUkhe rahanA bAla tapa hai| samyaktva bhI devAyu ke Asrava kA kAraNa hai| arthAt samyaktva ke sadbhAva meM devAyu kA bandha hai| nAmakarma ke Asava ke kAraNa AtmA ke namAne vAlA athavA jisake dvArA AtmA namatA hai, usa karma ko bhI nAmakarma kahA jAtA hai| namana rUpa svabhAva ke kAraNa hI yaha karma jIva ke zuddha svabhAva ko AcchAdita karake usakA manuSyatva, tiryaJcatva, devatva aura nArakAdi paryAya bheda ko utpanna karatA hai| jIva ko zubhakAryoM se zubhanAmakarma aura azubhakAryoM se azubhanAmakarma kA Asrava/bandha hotA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI kuTila vRttirUpa yogavakratA tathA viMsavAdana ye azubhanAmakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| mana meM kucha socanA, vacana se dUsare prakAra se kahanA aura kAya se bhinna se hI pravRtti karAnA, vastu ke svarUpa kA anyathA pratipAdana karanA arthAt zreyomArga para calane vAloM ko usa mArga kI nindA karake bure mArga para calane ko kahanA viMsavAdana hai| jaise koI puruSa samyak abhyudaya ora nizreyas kI kAraNabhUta kriyAoM meM pravRtti kara rahA hai| use mana vacana, kAya ke dvArA visaMvAda karAtA hai ki tuma aisA mata karo, aisA karo ityAdi pravRtti hI visaMvAdana hai| ye azubhanAmakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa hai, isase zarIra Adi kI racanA, varNa Adi khoTe milate haiM ataH aise kAryoM se bacanA caahie| yoga kI saralatA aura avisaMvAdana ye zubhanAma ke Asrava hai| athavA mana vacana kAya kI saralatA aura avisaMvAdana zubhanAmakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa hai| dharmAtmA puruSoM ke darzana karanA, Adara satkAra karanA, unake prati sadbhAva rakhanA saMsArabhIrutA, pramAda kA tyAga, nizchala cAritra kA pAlana Adi bhI zubha nAmakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| zubhanAmakarma prakRtiyoM meM sarvazreSTha tIrthakara prakRti hai ataH isake AsravakAraNa svataMtra rUpa se varNita karate haiM- darzana vizuddhi, vinaya saMpannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM aticAra nahIM lagAnA, abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga, saMvega, yathAzaktityAga, yathAzakti tapa, sAdhusamAdhi, vaiyAvRtyakaraNa, arhadbhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti, pravacanabhakti, AvazyakoM ko nahIM chor3anA, jinamArga kI prabhAvanA karanA, aura pravacana vatsalatA ye tIrthakara prakRti ke Asrava ke kAraNa kahe gaye haiN| ina para graMthoM meM vistAra se carcA hai| yahAM sthAna aura Alekha vistArabhaya se pRthak pRthak

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ko spaSTa nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai| ukta nAmakarma ke Asrava kAraNoM ko jAnakara mAnava ko agale bhava sudhAra hetu pravRtti karanA hI zreyaskara hai| gotra karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa santAna krama se cale Ane vAle jIva ke AcaraNa ko gotra saMjJA dI gaI hai| jaise kumhAra choTe athavA bar3e ghar3oM ko banAtA hai vaise hI gotrakarma jIva ko ucca athavA nIca kula meM utpanna karatA hai| nIca aura ucca ke bheda se gotra do prakAra kA hai| jisake dvArA AtmA nIca sthAna meM pAyI jAtI hai yA jisase AtmA nIca vyavahAra meM AtI hai, vaha nIca gotra hai| dUsaroM kI nindA karanA, apanI prazaMsA karanA, dUsaroM ke sadguNoM kA chAdana tathA apane avidyamAna guNoM kA udbhAvana karanA, nIca gotra ke Asrava ke nimitta hai| inake atirikta apanI jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, vidyA, aizvarya, AjJA aura zruta kA garva karanA, dUsaroM kI avajJA va apavAda karanA, dUsaroM kI khoja ko apanI batAnA, dUsaroM ke zreya para jInA Adi ye nIca gotrakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| inako jAnakara inase bacanA zreyaskara hai| nIca gotra ke Asrava ke kAraNoM ke viparIta kAraNa (AtmanindA, paraprazaMsA', parasadguNoMdbhAvana, AtmasadguNa AcchAdana) guNIjIvoM ke prati namra vRtti, ahaMkAra kA abhAva tathA uddaNDa svabhAva nahIM honA, ye saba ucca gotra ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| uparokta kAraNoM ke atirikta kucha aura ucca gotra ke nimitta haiM- jaise jAti, kula, bala, saundarya, vIrya, jJAna, aizvarya aura tapAdi kI vizeSatA hone para bhI apane meM ahaMkAra kA bhAva nahIM Ane denA, para kA tiraskAra nahIM karanA, uddaNDa nahIM honA, para kI nindA nahIM karanA, kisI se azubha, kisI kA upahAsa, badanAmI Adi nahIM karanA, mAna nahIM karanA, dharmAtmAoM kA sammAna karanA, vizeSa guNI hone para bhI ahaMkAra nahIM karanA, nirahaMkAra namravRti, bhasma se DhakI huI agni kI taraha apane Dhake hue mAhAtmya kA prakAzana nahIM karanA aura dhArmika sAdhanoM meM atyanta Adarabuddhi rakhanA Adi kAryoM se bhI ucca gotra kA Asrava hotA hai| ataH ukta kArya kI pravRtti bahuta zreSTha hai, use karanA caahie| antarAya karma ke Asrava ke kAraNa antarAya zabda kA artha vighna hai| antara arthAt madhya meM- vighna banakara Ane vAlA karma antarAyakarma kahalAtA hai| yaha karma bhaNDArI kI taraha jIva ke dAna lAbha Adi kAryo meM bAdhaka bana jAtA hai| bAdhaka bananA yA vighna DAlanA antarAyakarma kA Asrava kA kAraNa hai| dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM bAdhA antarAya ke Asrava haiN| inake atirikta jJAna kA pratiSedha, satkAropaghAta, snAna, AbhUSaNa, bhakSya Adi kAryoM meM vighna karanA, kisI ke vaibhava samRddhi meM vismaya karanA, dravya kA tyAga nahIM karanA, dravya ke upayoga ke samarthana meM pramAda karanA, devatA ke lie nivedita kiye gaye yA anivedita kiye gaye dravya kA grahaNa karanA, devatA kA avarNavAda karanA, nirdoSa upakaraNoM kA tyAga, dUsaroM kI zakti kA apaharaNa, dharma kA vyavaccheda karanA, dIkSita ko die jAne vAle dAna ko rokanA, kRpaNa,

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14 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 dIna, anAtha Adi ko die jAne vAle vastra, pAtra, Azraya Adi ko rokanA, prANivadha Adi antarAyakarma ke Asrava ke kAraNa haiN| ukta kAraNoM ko jAnakara dUsaroM ke bAdhA pahu~cAne vAle kAryoM ko nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki dUsaroM ko bAdhAkAraka kAryoM ke karane se svayaM ko agale bhavoM meM hAni uThAnI par3atI hai| yahA~ karma kI mUla prakRtiyoM ke Asrava ke kAraNoM para jo vizada carcA kI hai usakA mukhya dhyeya yaha hai ki Asrava aura bandha donoM hI saMsAra ke hetu haiN| inako jAnakara hI prANI saMsAravRddhi ke kAryoM se apanI rakSA kara sakatA hai| saMdarbha 1. kAyavAD.mana:karma yogH| tatvArthasUtra 6/1 2. sa: Asrava: 1-tattvArthasUtra 6/2 3. sakaSAyAkaSAyayoH saampraayyikeryaapthyoH| tattvArthasUtra 6/4 4. tattvArthavArtika 6/4 pRSTha 258 (bhAga-2) 5. indriyakaSAyAvratakriyAH paJcacatuHpaJcaviMzatisaMkhyA pUrvasya bhedaaH| tatvArthasUtra 6/5 6. tattvArthavArtika 6/4/1-7 7. paMcAstikAya 8. tatvArthasUtra 6/6 9. tatpradoSa nihvmaatsryaa'ntraayaa''saadnopghaatjnyaandrshnaavrnnyoH| tatvArthasUtra 6/10 10. parAbhisandhAnato jJAnavyapalApo nihnavaH / tatvArthasUtra 6/10/1 11. jJAnavyavacchedakaraNam antraayH| tatvArthasUtra 6/10/4 12. prshstjnyaanduussnnmupghaatH| tatvArtha sUtra 6/10/6/1 13. tattvArthasAra 4/13/10 14. dhavalA pu. 6 pR. 10 15. bRhad dravyasaMgraha gAthA 33 kI TIkA 16, du:khshoktaapaakrndnvdhpridevnaanyaatmprobhysthnysdvedysy| tattvArthasUtra 6/11 17. saMklezapravaNaM svaparAnugrahAbhilASaviSayamanukampAprAyaM pridevnm|| tattvArthasUtra 6/11/1-6 18. tattvArthasUtravArtika 6/11 pR. 301 (hindI TIkA A. supArzvazrI bhAga-2) 19. bhUtavratyanukampA sarAgasaMyamAdiyogaH kSAntiH zaucamiti sdvedysy| ta.sUtra 6/12 20. janmamaraNaprabandhalakSaNasaMsArotpAdasAmarthyamantareNa ttsttvsyaasttvsmaantvaat| dhavalA pu. bhAga-1 pRSTha-43 21. kevalIzrutasaMghadharmadevA'varNavAdo drshnmohsy| tattvArtha sUtra 6/13 22. karmagraMtha pra. bhA. gAthA 13 23, kArya cAritramohasya caaritraacyutiraatmnH| paJcAdhyayI uttarArdha zloka. 690 24. gommaTasAra karmakANDa jIvatattvapradIpikA gAthA 33 25. bahavArambhaparigrahatvaM naarksyaayussH| tattvArthasUtra 6/15 26. tattvArthavArtika 6/15/3 27. tattvArthavArtika pRSTha 138 (bhAga-2) AryikA supArzvamatI kRta TIkA 28. alpArambhaparigrahatvaM maanusssy| tattvArthasUtra 6/17 29. tatvArthavArtika 6/17/14

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 30. sarAgasaMyamasaMyamAsaMyama'kAma nirjarAbAlatapAMsi devsy| tatvArthasUtra 20/6/20 31. smyktvnyc| tattvArthasUtra 6/21 32. kAyavAD.manasAM kauTilyena vRttiryogvkrtaa| tattvArthasUtra 6/22/1 33. taviparItaM shubhsy| tattvArthasUtra 6/23 34. darzanavizuddhivinayasampanntAzIlavrateSvanAticAro'bhIkSNajJAnopayogasaMvegau zaktitastyAgatapasI sAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRtyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirmArgaprabhAvanA pravacanavatsalatvamiti tiirthkrtvsy| tattvArthasUtra 6/24 35. vRhadravyasaMgraha gAthA 37 brahmadeva TIkA 36. parAtmanindAprazaMse sadasadaguNacchAdanodbhAvane ca niicgotrsy| tattvArthasUtra 6/25 37. tadvirpayayonIcavRtyanuseko cottrsy| tattvArthasUtra 6/26 38. doSodbhAvanecchA nindaa| tattvArthavArtika 6/25/1 39. dhavalA pu. 3 bhAga 5, pRSTha-389 40. vighnkrnnmntraaysy| tattvArthasUtra 6/27 - adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga digambara jaina kAleja bar3auta (bAgapata) uttarapradeza bhadraM bhadramiti brUyAdyadramityeva vA vadet / zuSkavairaM vivAdaM ca na kuryAtkenacitsAha // manusmRti, 4/139 manuSya bhadra zabda kA hI prayoga kre| sAmAnyatayA 'acchA hai, aisA hI khe| akAraNa hI kisI ke sAtha bhI vaira aura vivAda na kre|

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tattvArthasUtra ke kartA evaM jaina vAD.maya ko unakA avadAna -DaoN. AnandakumAra jaina tattvArthasUtra jaina paraMparA kA sarvamAnya evaM prAmANika grantha hai, jise dvitIya zatAbdI ke AcArya umAsvAti ne saMskRta bhASA kI sUtra zailI meM nibaddha kiyA hai| isameM sAta tattvoM kA vidhivat vivecana hai| isa graMtha ke kartA ke nAma aura graMtha ke maMgalAcaraNa Adi aneka viSayoM para digambara aura zvetAmbara paraMparA meM aneka dhAraNAyeM haiM, jina para prastuta zodhAlekha meM sapramANa vicAra-vimarza kiyA gayA hai| isa lekha kA AdhAra sAhitya tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, sabhASyatattvArthAdhigama, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya likhita tAtparyavRtti kI prastAvanA, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI kRta tattvArthasUtra kI prastAvanA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kRta tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paraMparA aura anya vibhinna zodhAlekha haiN| sarvaprathama yahA~ graMtha ke maMgalAcaraNa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 1. maMgalAcaraNa 'mokSamArgasya netAraM...' yaha zloka tattvArthasUtra kA maMgalAcaraNa hai yA nahIM, yaha eka vivAdita pakSa hai, kintu isakA samAdhAna zrutasAgarasUri (1487-1533I.) kI tAtparyavRtti se hotA hai, jahAM graMtha kI utthAnikA meM AcArya likhate haiM ki-dvaiyAka nAmaka bhavya ke prazna kA uttara dene ke lie AcAryavarya (umAsvAti) iSTadevatA ko namaskAra karate haiM arthAt maMgalAcaraNa likhate haiN| inase pUrva kA eka pramANa AcArya vidyAnanda kI AptaparIkSA meM milatA hai| isa zloka meM AptaparIkSAkAra ne 'sakalamalabhide' vizeSaNa se iMgita kiyA hai, jo ki tattvArthasUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa ko sUcita karatA hai| sAtha hI isa tathya kA samarthana graMtha ke upasaMhAra se bhI hotA ki unheM (AcArya vidyAnanda ko) yaha maMgalAcaraNa tattvArthasUtrakAra kA hI mAnya hai| AcArya abhayanandI ne bhI tattvArthasUtra kI tAtparyavRtti meM ise graMtha kA maMgala zloka mAnA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki sarvArthasiddhi meM isa maMgalAcaraNa kA kartA AcArya umAsvAti mAnya hote to ve nizcita rUpa se maMgalAcaraNa kI utthAnikA evaM vyAkhyA likhate, ataeva maMgalAcaraNa evaM usakI TIkA pUjyapAdAcArya kI racanA hai| yaha tarka to grAhya karane yogya lagatA hai, kintu aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi aisA hotA to sarvArthasiddhi kA tattvArthavArtika nAmaka vRhad TIkA likhane vAle AcArya akalaMkadeva isako sarvArthasiddhi para maMgalAcaraNa mAnakara isakI utthAnikA evaM vyAkhyA kA nirUpaNa avazya karate, kintu AcArya akalaMka ne aisA nahIM kiyaa| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki pUrvAcAryoM ke

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 prati sammAna evaM bahumAna ke kAraNa hI akalaMkadeva ne bhI AcArya pUjyapAda kA anu - __karaNa kara isakI vyAkhyA na kI ho| jisa prakAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne vyAkhyA nahIM likhI, usI prakAra akalaMkasvAmI ne bhI nahIM likhI aura isI paraMparA kA nivarhana Age AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI kiyA hai| samasta zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne na hI isa maMgala zloka ko graMtha meM sthAna diyA hai aura na hI kisI tattvArthasUtra kI zvetAmbarIya vyAkhyA meM isakA varNana kiyA hai| isa AdhAra para anumAna se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kinhIM digambara vidvAn ne tattvArthasUtra kI prAcIna pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para zvetAmbara prabhAva se maMgalAcaraNa rahita graMtha kI pratilipi kI hogI, jisake AdhAra para bAda meM anya pANDulipiyAM karAI gaI hoMgI aura vartamAna meM upalabdha chape graMthoM kA AdhAra ye hI pratilipiyA~ rahI hoM aura isI AdhAra para maMgalAcaraNa ke viSaya meM vivAda utpanna huA hogaa| ata: uparyukta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki maMgalAcaraNa tattvArthasUtra kA hai tathA isake racayitA AcArya umAsvAti haiN| 2. tattvArthasUtrakartA kA nAma:__ AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM gRddhapicchAcArya ko tattvArthasUtra kA racayitA kahA hai- etena gRddhapicchAcAryaparyantamunisUtreNa vyabhicAratA nirstaa| yadyapi isa paMkti meM 'munisUtreNa' pada prayukta hai, jisase sAkSAt tattvArthasUtra artha nahIM nikalatA hai aura vartamAna kAla meM gRddhapiccha kI sUtrarUpa meM athavA samagrarUpa meM eka hI racanA mAnya hai, jise hama tattvArthasUtra nAma se saMbodhita karate haiN| eka anya racanA AptaparIkSA kI svopajJa TIkA meM likhA hai- 'tattvArthasUtrakArairumAsvAtiprabhRtibhiH....' isa zloka meM tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kA nAma AcArya umAsvAti uddhRta kiyA hai| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki AcArya vidyAnanda ko gRddhapiccha tathA umAsvAti- ye donoM nAma abhIpsita the| inake pazcAdvartI AcArya vIrasena, jinakA kAla (883 I. se 923 I.) nauvIM zatAbdI hai, ne dhavalA ke jIvasthAna ke kAlAnuyogadvAra meM tattvArthasUtra aura usake kartA gRddhapicchAcArya kA nAmollekha eka sUtra meM kiyA hai- taha gRddhapicchAiriyappayAsidataccatthasutte vi 'vartanApariNAmakriyAH paratvAparatve ca kAlasya' iti davvakAlo pruuvido| isI krama meM AcArya vAdirAjasUri ne pArzvanAthacarita ke eka zloka meM likhA hai atucchaguNasampAtaM gRddhapicchaM nato'smi tm| pakSIkurvanti yaM bhavyA nirvaannaayotptissnnvH||' uparyukta zloka meM gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya vAdirAjasUri ne gRddhapiccha zabda lipibaddha kiyA hai| itanA avazya hai ki isa zloka meM gRddhapiccha kA nAma AyA hai aura unase jur3I kisI kathA kA kucha saMketa isameM nahIM hai| ina sAkSyoM ke atirikta jainadharma kI prAcInatA evaM prAmANikatA ke anaginata sAkSya zravaNabelagolA meM yatra-tatra bahudhA milate haiN| ye sAkSya vahA~ ke maMdiroM evaM parvatoM para zilAlekha ke rUpa meM Aja bhI prAcIna kannar3a

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18 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 bhASA meM lipibaddha haiN| inameM zilAlekha saMkhyA 40,42,43, 47 aura 50 meM gRddhapicchAcArya isa pada kA ullekha AyA hai| kintu isI krama meM zilAlekha saMkhyA 105 aura 108 meM umAsvAti nAma bhI utkIrNa kiyA huA milatA hai| zilAlekha isa prakAra hai zrImAnumAsvAtirayaM yatIzastattvArthasUtraM prakaTIcakAra, yanmuktimArgAcaraNodyatAnAM pAdheyamayaM bhavati prjaanaam| tasyaiva ziSyo'jani guddhapicchadvitIyasaMjJasya balAkapiccha, yatsUktiratnAni bhavanti loke muktAMganAmohanamaNDanAni // isake atirikta paM. phUlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ne svavivecita tattvArthasUtra meM isa graMtha ke racayitA ke nAma para vistRta vicAra kiyA hai| isameM unhoMne upalabdha sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para pracalita cAra dhAraNAoM para mantavya prastuta kiyA hai| graMthakarttA ke nAma para gRddhapiccha, vAcaka umAsvAti, gRddhapiccha umAsvAti aura gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI ye cAra vicAradhArAyeM haiN| inameM se paNDitajI ne gRddhapiccha nAma hI svIkAra kiyA hai| graMthakAra ke nAma ke saMbandha meM upalabdha prAcInatama sAkSyoM se lekara vartamAna vidvat- vicAra - ambudhi taka jitane bhI sAkSya prApta hue haiM, unake AdhAra para prAcInatA kI dRSTi se AcArya vidyAnanda sarvAdhika prAmANika / ataH graMthakAra kA nAma umAsvAti tathA gRddhapiccha sarvAdhika prAcIna pramANa hai| haiN| digambara paraMparA inheM kundakunda svAmI kA ziSya mAnatI hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra prajJApanAsUtra ke racayitA, zyAmAcArya ke guru hAritagotrIya 'svAti' hI tattvArthasUtra ke praNetA haiN| 16vIM 17vIM zatAbdI ke dharmasAgara kI tapAgaccha kI paTTAvalI ko yadi alaga kara diyA jAya to anya kisI zvetAmbara graMtha yA paTTAvalI Adi meM aisA nirdeza bhI nahIM hai ki umAsvAti zyAmAcArya ke guru the| paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra tathA paM. nAthUrAma premI ina donoM vidvAnoM ne dazavIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA koI sAkSya upalabdha huA nahIM mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtra kI umAsvAmikRta prazasti isa prakAra haivAcakamukhyasya zivazriyaH prakAzayazasaH praziSyeNa // ziSyeNa ghoSanandikSamaNasyaikAdazAMgavidaH // 1 // vAcanayA ca mahAvAcakakSamaNamuNDapAdaziSyasya // ziSyeNa vAcakAcAryamUlanAmnaH prathitakIrteH // 2 // nyagrodhikAprasUtena viharatA puravare kusumanAmni / kaubhISiNinA svAtitanayena vAtsIsutenArghyam // 3 // arhadvacanaM samyaggurukrameNAgataM samupadhAyeM // duHkhArtaM ca durAgamavihatamatiM lokamavalokya // 4 // idamuccairnAgaravAcakena sattvAnukampayA dubdhm|| tattvArthAdhigamAkhyaM spaSTamumAsvatinA zAstram // 5 // yastattvAdhigamAkhyaM jJAsyati ca kariSyate ca tatroktam // so'vyAbAdhasukhAkhyaM prApsyatyacireNa paramArtham // 6 // artha- jinake dIkSAguru gyAraha aMga ke dhAraka 'ghoSanandi' kSamaNa the aura praguru

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 19 vAcakamukhya 'zivazrI' the; vAcanA (vidyAgrahaNa) kI dRSTi se jisake guru 'mUla' nAmaka vAcakAcArya aura praguru mahAvAcaka 'muNDapAda' the; jo gotra se 'kaubhISaNi' the; jo 'svAti' pitA aura 'vAtsI' mAtA ke putra the; jinakA janma 'nyagrodhikA' meM huA thA aura jo 'uccanAgara' zAkhA ke the; una umAsvAti vAcaka kI guru-paraMparA se prApta zreSTha Ahe upadeza ko bhalI prakAra dhAraNa karake tathA tuccha zAstroM aura hatabuddhi duHkhita loka ko dekhakara prANiyoM kI anukampA se prerita hokara yaha 'tattvArthAdhigama' nAma kA spaSTa zAstra vihAra karate hue 'kusumapura' nAmaka mahAnagara meM racA hai| jo isa tattvArthazAstra ko jAnegA aura usake kathanAnusAra AcaraNa karegA, vaha avyAbAdhasukha nAmaka paramArtha mokSa ko zIghra prApta hogaa| ___DaoN. harmana jaikobI ne jarmana anuvAda tattvArtha meM tattvArthasUtra para kArya kiyA hai ye isa prazasti ko umAsvAtikRta svIkArate haiN| uparyukta prazasti meM digambara mAnya kisI bhI vicAradhArA se sahamati nahIM pratIta hotI hai| cAhe kundakunda ko guru svIkAra karanA ho, yA gotra kA viSaya ho digambara prasiddha koI bhI mAnyatA isa prazasti se puSTa nahIM hotI hai| cU~ki kundakunda kA samaya I.pU. prathama zatAbdI mAnya hai, ataH isa AdhAra para inakA samaya bhI I.pU. prathama zatAbdI se lekara TIkAkAra A. pUjyapAda ke 5-6vIM zatAbdI ke madhya mAnanA hI ucita hai| 3. sUtrakAra ke rUpa meM umAsvAtiH digambara paraMparA meM AcArya umAsvAti kI mAnyatA jana-mAnasa ke paTala para eka sUtrakAra ke rUpa meM hI aMkita hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki isa paraMparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke atirikta inakI anya koI racanA mAnya nahIM hai| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha sUtra zailI ke isa graMtha kA mahattva to isakA arthavettA hI samajha sakatA hai| mAtra 'ca' pada kA prayoga karake inhoMne kitane hI viSaya kA saMkSiptIkaraNa kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra meM prathama bAra 'ca' pada kA prayoga graMthakartA ne kiyA hai tathA aMtima bAra dazaveM adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai| zvetAmbara mAnya pATha meM bhI 'ca' pada kA prathama prayoga prathama adhyAya ke AThaveM sUtra meM hai tathA aMtima prayoga dazaveM adhyAya ke chaThe sUtra meM hai| isI krama meM isa sUtra-graMtha kA sabase choTA sUtra 'nANoH' hai tathA sabase dIrgha sUtra 'gatijAtizarIrAMgo....' ityAdi hai| sUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAti ne jisa pravINatA ke sAtha isa graMtha kA sRjana kiyA hai, utanI hI caturAI se tadAdhArita sarvArthasiddhi ke racayitA AcArya pUjyapAda ne usakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| pratyeka sthala para pUjyapAdasvAmI ne pAThaka ke antastha meM utpanna hone vAlI samasta zaMkAoM kA nirmUlana kiyA hai| vaise bhI sUtrazailI ke graMtha kA prarUpaNa karanA koI sAmAnya kArya nahIM hai, kintu AcArya umAsvAti kA samaya tathA unase saMbandhita pUrvApara kAla isa prakAra kI racanAoM ke lie prasiddha haiyathA pAtaJjalasUtra, yogasUtra, sAMkhyasUtra, nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, brahmasUtra, parIkSAmukhasUtra ityaadi| jaina sAhitya meM sUtra zailI kI yaha paraMparA umAsvAti se prAraMbha hokara gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI taka astitva meM rahI hai yadyapi vartamAna samaya meM isakA abhAva hI dekhane meM AtA

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20 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 hai, kintu isakA kAraNa bhI spaSTa hai ki isa prakAra kI racanA ke lie buddhi kI ava prakharatA, viSaya kI adbhuta pakar3a tathA jisa bhASA meM racanA karanI ho usa para vyAkaraNAtmaka dRSTi se asAdhAraNa niyaMtraNa honA cAhie, tabhI isa prakAra kA koI graMtha mUrtarUpa grahaNa kara sakatA hai aura yaha likhane meM jarA bhI saMkoca nahIM ho rahA ki ina sabhI lakSaNoM se AcArya pUjyapAda paripUrNa the, jisase aisI adbhuta racanA kA amRtapAna Aja jana-sAmAnya kara rahA hai| 4. umAsvAmI / umAsvAti kA vyaktitva evaM kRtitvaH vyaktitva prAcIna samaya ke kisI bhI AcArya ke vyaktitva kA paricaya unakI racanAoM se hotA thA, athavA unake ziSya, praziSya sva-racanAoM meM guru kA mahimA - maNDana karate the, athavA paravartI graMthakAra Adara-jJApana hetu pUrvAcAryoM kA ullekha karate the| kintu gRddhapicchAcArya ke nijI jIvana ke saMbandha meM svayaM gRddhapicchAcArya ne kucha nahIM likhA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne tattvArthasUtra kI prastAvanA meM inheM uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha ke koTikagaNa kI uccanAgarI zAkhA kA kahA hai tathA vAstavika nAma vAcaka umAsvAti likhA hai| inhoMne gRddhapiccha vizeSaNa ko bahuta bAda kA mAnate hue 9vIM - 10vIM zatAbdI kA mAnA hai| inakA janmasthala satanA ke nikaTa sthita nAgauda nAmaka grAma kahA hai| pazcAt meM ye uccairnAgara zAkhA meM dIkSita hue| yaha zAkhA bhI satanA ke samIpa u~ceharA (ucca-nagara) nAmaka nagara se prAraMbha huI hai| paM. nAthUrAma 'premI' ne nagaratAlu (maisUra) ke zilAlekha saM.46 meM uddhRta zloka ke AdhAra para umAsvAmI ko yApanIya mAnA hai| isa zloka meM umAsvAmI 'zrutakevalidezIya' vizeSaNa lagA hai aura yahI vizeSaNa yApanIya saMghAgraNI zAkaTAyana AcArya ke sAtha bhI jur3A hai| isI AdhAra para paM. nAthUrAmajI premI ne unheM yApanIya mAnA hai| kRtitva- digambara- paraMparA mAtra tattvArthasUtra ko hI inakI racanA mAnatI hai| paravartIkAla meM likhita umAsvAmI zrAvakAcAra bhI inakI kRti mAnI jAtI thI, kintu bIsavIM zatAbdI ke kaI vidvAnoM ne sUkSmatA se vicAra karake isa tathya kA nirasana kiyA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA meM tattvArthasUtra ke atirikta tattvArthAdhigamabhASya tathA prazamaratiprakaraNa bhI inakI racanA ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai| 5. graMtha kA nAmakaraNaH sarvArthasiddhi ke pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM likhA hai "iti tattvArthavatta sarvArthasiddhikAyAM ... adhyAyaH samAptaH ' isa paMkti se graMtha kA nAma tattvArtha spaSTa hotA hai| paM. phUlacanda siddhAMtazAstrI ne bhI tattvArtha nAma hI mAnA hai / sarvArthasiddhi kI puSpikA meM (938) tattvArthavRtti nAma bhI diyA hai svargApavargasukhamApnumanobhirAyeM jainendrazAsanavarAmRtasArabhUtA / sarvArthasiddhiriti sudrirUpAttanAmA, tattvArthavRttiranizaM manasA pradhAryA // 1 // isa zloka meM sarvArthasiddhi kA anya nAma tattvArthavRtti kahA hai, jisase mUla graMtha kA nAma tattvArtha spaSTa hotA hai| paravartI AcArya vidyAnanda ne 'munisUtreNa' tathA 'tattvArthasUtrakAraiH '

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 21 pada kA kramazaH tattvArthazlokavArtika tathA AptaparIkSA kI svopajJa TIkA meM prayoga kiyA hai| isake bAda ke AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA meM 'taccatthasutte' arthAt tattvArthasUtra kA prayoga kiyA hai| zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI tattvArthasUtra zabda likhA hai| pUrvApara isa dhArA ko dekheM to prAcInatama pramANa svayaM meM sarvArthasiddhi hai| ataH prAcIna nAma to tattvArtha hI pratIta hotA hai, kintu sUtra zailI meM nirUpita hone se pazcAdvartI kAla meM sUtra zabda tattvArtha ke sAtha rUr3ha ho gayA hogA, kyoMki paravartI sabhI AcAryo evaM graMthakAroM ne tattvArthasUtra pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa Alekha kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki tattvArthasUtra kA maMgalAcaraNa AcArya umAsvAti dvArA viracita hai| tattvArthasUtra ke kartA kA nAma umAsvAti tathA gRddhapiccha mAnanA ucita hai| sUtrakAra ke rUpa meM AcArya umAsvAti kI eka mAtra racanA tattvArthasUtra hI svIkAra hai| graMtha kA nAma tattvArtha hai, kintu paravartI kAla meM isakA sUtra zabda ke sAtha prayoga rUr3ha ho gayA hai| isake bAda atirikta bhI aneka aise viSaya haiM jina para abhI punaH zodha kI AvazyakatA hai| donoM paraMparAoM ke sUtroM para tarka-saMgata tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI isI krama meM apekSita saMdarbha1. ...nigraMthAcAryavaryaH atinikaTIbhavatpamanirvANenAsAnabhavyena dvaiyAkanAmnA bhavyavarapuNDarIkeNa spapRSTaH bhagavan kimaatmnehitm?iti|bhgvaanpittprshnvshaat 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritralakSaNopakSitasanmArgasamprApyo mokSo hitaH' iti pratipAdayitukAma iSTadevatA vazeSaM namaskaroti-mokSamArgasya netAraM bhettAraM krmbhuubhRtaam| jJAtAraM vizvatattvAnAM vande tdgunnlbdhye||-taatpryvRtti, pR.| zrImattattvArthazAstrabhdutasalilanidheriddharatnobhdavasya, protthAnArambhakAle sakalamalabhide zAstrakAraiHkRtaM yt| vidyAnandaiH svazaktyA kathamapi kathitaM styvaakyaarthsidhdyai||- A.pa., zloka 123 3. kiM punastatvaparameSThino guNastotraM zAstrAdau sUtrakAraH prAhuriti nigdyte| 4. tattvArthazlokavArtika, pR. 6 5. AptaparIkSA, zloka 119 dhavalA, pu.5/316 7. pArzvanAthacarita, 1/16 8. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, prathama bhAga, zi. saM. 198 9. AryamahAgirestu ziSyau bahula-balissahau yamala-bhrAtarau tatra balissahasya ziSyaH svAtiH, tattvArthAdayo graMthAstu tatkRtA eva smbhaavynte| tacchiSyaH prajJApanAkRt zrIvIrAt SaTsaptA kazatatraye (376) svrgbhaak| dharmasAgarIya paTTAvalI 10. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha 40,42,43,47,50 tathA 108 naM. shilaalekh| 11. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya kI prshsti| 12. 'tattvArthasUtra meM prayukta ca pada' lekhaka- zrI Ananda kumAra jaina RSabhadeva graMtha mAlA, zrI digambara jaina aziya kSetra maMdira saMghI jI, sAMgAnera, jayapura 13. tattvArthasUtrakartAram umaasvaamimuniishvrm| zrutikevalidezIyaM vande'haM gunnmndirm|| -nirvANa bhavana, bI-2/249, lena saM. 14

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ravIndrapurI, vArANasI-221005 prAcIna granthoM ke Aloka meM vartamAna kara-vyavasthA DaoN. aruNimA rAnI vaidika arthavyavasthA kA mUlamaMtra hai- prajAraMjana, rakSaNa aura sNvrddhn| Rgveda meM kara-saMgraha ke lie nirdeza hai- 'jo rAjA sUrya aura megha ke svabhAva vAlA hokara ATha mAsa prajAoM se kara letA hai aura cAra mAsa yatheSTa padArthoM ko detA hai, isa prakAra saba prajAoM kA raMjana karatA hai, vahI saba prakAra se aizvaryamAn hotA hai| prastuta zodha-patra kA uddezya prAcIna graMthoM meM upalabdha kaSTa na dene vAlI kara-saMgraha-paddhati kA varNana kara Adhunika bojhila kara-paddhati kI ora saMketa karanA hai| manu mahArAja samAja-vyavasthAoM ke pravartaka the| eka rAjA ke rUpa meM unhoMne anya vyavasthAoM kI hI bhAMti kara-vyavasthA kA bhI nirdhAraNa kiyaa| manu mahArAja kI kara-vyavasthA prajAoM ke kaSTa-nivAraNa hetu thii| kauTilya arthazAstra meM isa vacana kI puSTi meM kahA hai- 'mAtsyanyAyAbhibhUtAH prajAH manuM vaivasvataM rAjAnaM ckrire| dhAnyaSaDbhAgaM paNyadazabhAgaM hiraNyaM cAsya bhAgadheyaM prklpyaamaasu| tena bhRtAH rAjAnaH yogkssemvhaaH| teSAM kilviSaM daNDakarA haranti, yogakSemavahAzca prjaanaam|' mAtsyanyAya arthAt jaise bar3I machalI choTI nirbala machalI ko khA jAtI hai, isI prakAra balavAn logoM ne nirbaloM kA jInA muzkila kara diyaa| isa anyAya se pIr3ita huI prajAoM ne apanI surakSA aura kalyANa ke lie manu mahArAja ko apanA rAjA banAyA aura tabhI se prajAoM ne apanI kRSi kI upaja kA chaThA bhAga, vyApAra kI AmadanI kA dasavA~ bhAga va kucha suvarNa rAjA ko kara ke rUpa meM denA nizcita kiyaa| isa kara ko pAkara rAjAoM ne prajAoM kI surakSA aura kalyANa kA sArA uttaradAyitva apane Upara svIkAra kiyaa| isa prakAra manu-nirdhArita kara-vyavasthA prajAoM ke kaSToM kA nivAraNa karane aura unakA kalyANa karane meM sahAyaka siddha hai| kauTilya ke isa vacana se jahA~ kara-vyavasthA ke udbhava aura prayojana para prakAza par3atA hai vahIM yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki kara-vyavasthA prajA ke raMjana, rakSaNa va saMvardhana ke lie hotI hai| manu mahArAja kI kara-vyavasthA prajA ke kaSToM kA nivAraNa karane va unake kalyANa ke lie hai| unhoMne aise rAjA kI nindA kI hai jo rAjA prajAoM kI binA rakSA kie unase baliannAdi kA chaThA bhAga, kara, zulka vyApAriyoM se liyA jAne vAlA, pratibhAga cuMgI aura daNDaJjurmAnA grahaNa karatA hai| aisA rAjA zIghra hI narakatravizeSa du:kha ko prApta hotA hai|' vAstava meM vaha prajA kA dhyAna na rakhane ke kAraNa unake asahayoga se kisI-na-kisI kaSTa

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 23 se AkrAnta ho jAtA hai| manu mahArAja kA kathana hai ki jaise joMka, bachar3A aura bhaMvarA thor3e-thor3e bhogya padArtha ko grahaNa karate haiM vaise hI rAjA prajA se thor3A-thor3A vArSika kara leve|' unhoMne kara kI kisI zAzvata vyavasthA kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA apitu unakA kathana hai ki jisa bhI prakAra se rAjA, rAjapuruSa va prajAjana sukharUpa phala se yukta hoveM vaisA vicAra karake rAjA tathA rAjyasabhA rAjya meM kara - sthApana kreN| manu mahArAja kA spaSTa vacana hai ki vastusthitiyoM kA vicAra karake hI rAjA kara saMgraha kre| rAjA vyApArI se kara lete samaya ina bAtoM para avazya hI vicAra kare ki usakI kharIda aura bikrI, bhojana va mArga kI dUrI, bharaNa-poSaNa kA vyaya aura lAbha, vastu kI prApti evaM surakSA aura jana-kalyANa kI sthiti kaisI hai|' rAjA ko pazuoM aura sone ke lAbha meM se pacAsavAM bhAga aura annoM kA chaThA, AThavAM yA adhika se adhika bArahavA~ bhAga hI lenA caahie| goMda, madhu, ghI aura gaMdha, auSadhi rasa tathA phUla, mUla aura phala, inakA chaThA bhAga kara meM lenA caahie| vRkSapatra, zAka, tRNa, camar3A, mAMsanirmita vastueM, miTTI ke bane vartana aura saba prakAra ke patthara se nirmita padArtha, inakA bhI chaThA bhAga hI kara meM lenA caahie|' kara grahaNa meM atitRSNA rAjA va prajA donoM ke lie hI pIr3AdAyaka hai / mahAbhArata meM bhI anekatra apIr3AdAyaka -kara-saMgraha-paddhati ke darzana hote haiN| vahAM rAjA ko upadeza dete hue kahA gayA hai ki jaise bhaMvarA phUloM kI rakSA karatA huA hI unake rasa kA grahaNa karatA hai usI prakAra rAjA bhI prajA ko binA kaSTa pahuMcAe unase kara-saMgraha kare | jaise gosevaka gAya ke bachar3oM kA dhyAna rakhate hue thanoM ko binA kucale dugdhadohana karatA hai / usI prakAra rAjA prajA kI rakSA karate hue, unheM binA kaSTa pahucAe, unake hI kalyANa va saMvardhana ke lie rASTrarUpI gau kA dohana kre| zAntiparva meM rAjA ko kara saMgraha karate hue joMka, vyAghrI va cUhe ke sadRza vyavahAra karane kA upadeza hai| jaise joMka bahuta hI komalatA se manuSya ke zarIra kA rakta pItI hai ThIka vaise hI rAjA mRdu upAyoM se hI rASTra kA dohana kre| jaise tIkhe dAMtoM vAlA cUhA soe hue manuSya ke paira ke mAMsa ko aisI mRdutA se kATatA hai ki use pIr3A kA bhAna hI nahIM hotaa| usI prakAra rAjA komala upAyoM se hI kara saMgraha kare, jisase prajA ko pIr3A na ho|" vahIM para hI rAjA ko upadeza dete hue kahA hai- 'mAlAkAropamo rAjan bhava maagrikkoymH| 12 arthAt he rAjA ! kara - saMgraha karate hue ApakI ceSTA mAlAkAra (mAlI) ke sadRza honI cAhie, AMgArika (koyalA banAne vAle) ke sadRza nahIM jisa prakAra eka mAlI vRkSoM kI sevA karatA huA hI usake puSpAdi kA upayoga karatA hai usI prakAra prajA kI sevA va rakSA karate hue hI kara-saMgraha yuktiyukta hai| dUsarI ora, eka koyalA banAne vAlA pahale vRkSa ko kATatA hai phira use sukhAkara va jalAkara koyalA banAtA hai, aisA AcaraNa sarvathA niSiddha hai| vyavahArabhASya ke anusAra kara kA nirdhArIkaraNa manusmRti kI hI bhAMti paidAvAra kI rAzi, phasala kI kImata, bAjAra-bhAva aura khetI kI jamIna Adi para nirbhara karatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se paidAvAra ke dasaveM hisse ko kAnUnI Taiksa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|" jainasUtroM meM aThAraha prakAra ke karoM kA ullekha milatA hai-gokara, mahiSakara, uSTrakara, pazukara,

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 chagalIkara, tRNakara, palAlakara, busakara, kASThakara, aMgArakara, sItAkara (hala para liyA jAne vAlA kara), jaMghAkarajaMgAkara ( cArAgAha para liyA jAne vAlA kara), balIvardakara, ghaTakara, carmakara, aura apanI icchA se diyA jAne vAlA kr| 15 24 jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM tAtkAlika pIr3AdAyI kara-saMgraha-paddhati ke bhI darzana hote haiN| bRhatkalpabhASya meM eka kathA AtI hai ki rAjagRha meM kisI vaNik ne pakkI IMToM kA ghara banavAyA, lekina gRhanirmAtA pUrA hote hI vaNik kI mRtyu ho gyii| vaNik ke putra bar3I muzkila se apanI AjIvikA calA pAte the| lekina niyamAnusAra unheM rAjA ko eka rupayA kara denA Avazyaka thaa| aisI hAlata meM kara dene ke bhaya se ve apane ghara ke pAsa eka jhopar3I banAkara rahane lage; apanA ghara unhoMne jaina zramaNoM ko rahane ke lie de diyaa|" vahIM para zulka grahaNa karane vAloM kI nirdayatA kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki 'zUrpArika kA rAjA vyApAriyoM se kara vasUla karane meM jaba asamartha ho gayA to apane zulkapAloM ko bhejakara usane unake ghara jalA dene kA Adeza diyaa| isa prakAra aisI sthitiyoM ko dekhakara yaha anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya kI kara-paddhati bhI Aja ke sadRza bojhila ho cukI thii| Aja hamAre deza kI kara vyavasthA bojhila hone ke sAtha-sAtha avyavasthita bhI ho gayI hai| 'da ikonomika TAimsa' ke anusAra kevala hamAre deza ke 2: loga hI Taiksa dete haiN| ye 2 loga bhI dhanADya nahIM hai apitu madhyamavargIya hI haiN|" ye madhyamavargIya bhI kevala ve loga haiM jo vetanabhogI haiM aura jinakI Aya kA lekhA-jokhA sarakAra ke pAsa hai| yahAM yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki kevala dakSiNa aphrIkA ko chor3akara duniyA ke lagabhaga sabhI dezoM kI tulanA meM hamArA bhArata deza sabase adhika Taiksa cukAtA hai| 'da ikonomika TAimsa' ne eka sarvekSaNa karAyA aura usameM duniyA ke alaga-alaga dezoM ke ve sabhI loga jinakI vArSika Aya Der3ha se do lAkha bhAratIya rUpaye ke tulya hai, unake dvArA deya Taiksa kI dara jAnane kA yatna kiyA gyaa| Aya ko samatulya stara para pahuMcAne ke lie sarvekSaNakarttAoM ne pratyeka deza kI mudrA ko usakI vastu kraya kSamatA aura antarrASTriya vinimaya dara ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kiyaa| jinameM 9 se 15: kara cukAne (Der3ha se do lAkha kI Aya para saracArja milAkara) vAle dezoM meM siMgApura, thAIlaiNDa, tAivAna, arjenTInA Adi dezoM ke sAtha amerikA bhI zAmila hai| pAkistAna va bAMglAdeza kramazaH 20: va 18: kara cukAte haiN| iMglaiNDa meM yaha dara 22: hai tathA cIna meM 25: hai / lekina ina saba dezoM se bar3hakara bhArata apane madhyamavargIya sarakArI vetanabhogI vyakti se 3006 : kI dara se kara vasUla karatA hai| 19 mahadAzcarya to taba hotA hai jaba 'da ikonomika TAimsa' ke isa sarvekSaNa kI ora dRSTi jAtI hai jisameM yaha batAne kA yatna kiyA hai ki kauna sA deza kitanA pratizata kara - saMgrahIta dhana kahA~ vyaya karatA hai| hamAre deza kI sarakAra hamase jo Taiksa' vasUla karatI hai usa dhana kA 91: dhana apane va apanI naukarazAhI ke bhoga-vilAsa meM luTA detI hai| kevala 9: dhana svAsthya, zikSA, samAja kalyANa va sar3akAdi nirmANa meM vyaya kiyA jAtA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 hai| briTena meM svAsthyAdi para prajA ke kara kA 58:, amerikA meM 55: tathA maleziyA meM 43: dhana vyaya kiyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM yaha sarvekSaNa cauMkA denA vAlA hai ki hama bhAratavAsI duniyA ke sabhI dezoM kI apekSA (kevala dakSiNa aphrIkA ko chor3akara) adhika kara cukAte haiM lekina hamAre dhana kA atyalpa (jo sabhI dezoM se kama hai) hI prajA ke rakSaNa, raMjana, va saMvardhana ke kAma AtA hai| isa prakAra uktAnuzIlana se yahI niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa caramarAtI huI kara-vyavasthA ke prayojana kI ora dhyAna dharakara isameM apekSita parivartana kie jaaeN| sarakArI vetanabhogI logoM se bhinna ve bar3e kisAna, udyogapati, vyApArI, abhinetA, sarakArI netA ityAdi jo bar3I hI AsAnI se Taiksa dene se bace rahate haiM ve saba bhI ImAnadArI se kara kA bhugatAna avazya kreN| anyathA 'navabhArata TAimsa' ke saMpAdaka kI yaha TippaNI 'hara khaccara kI pITha para eka hAthI ladA hai| to mUrtimAna hai hii| jaba deza kA pratyeka vyakti jo kara dene kI zreNI meM AtA hai, kara-bhugatAna karegA to svataH sabhI ko apanI Aya kucha hI pratizata kara denA hogaa| jisase samAja meM vaiSamya kI sthiti kA kiMcit hrAsa avazya hogaa| sarakAra bhI manusmRti va mahAbhAratAdi ke vacanoM ko sArarUpa meM smRtipatha para aMkita kara le ki jo rAjA binA prajA kI rakSA kie kara-grahaNa karegA vaha usI bhAMti aparAdhI hai jaise koI kSIrArthI gAya ke thana ko kATakara dugdha prApta karanA caahe| ataH kara-saMgraha meM nRzaMsatA kA parityAga hI zreyaskara hai| saMdarbha 1. Rgveda, dayAnandabhASya 5.30.11 2. arthazAstra pR. 8, a. 12 vizuddha manusmRti- DaoN. surendra kumAra, 8.307; yo'rakSanbalimAdattte karaM zulkaM ca paarthivH| pratibhAgaM ca daNDaM ca saH sadyo narakaM vrjet|| ___ vahI, 7.129, yathAlpAlpamadantyAdyaM vaaryokovtsssttpdaaH| tathAlpAlpo grahItavyo rASTrAdAjJAbdikaH krH|| vahI, 7.128; yathA phalena yujyeta rAjA kartA ca krmnnaam| tathAvekSya nRpo rASTra kalpayetsatataM kraan|| 6. vahI, 7,127; krayavikrayamadhvAnaM bhaktaM va sprivyym| yogakSemaM ca saMprekSya vaNijo daapyetkraan|| 7. vahI, 7.130-132 mahAbhArata, udyogaparva 34.17; yathA madhu samAdatte rakSan puSpANi ssttpdH| tadvadarthAnmanuSyebhya aaddyaadvihiNsyaa|| 9. mahA, zAntiparva 89.4; vatsApekSI duheccaiva stanAMzca na vikRntyet| 10. vahI, 89.5) jalaukAvat pibet rASTraM mRdunaiva nraadhipH| vyAghrIva ca haret putramadRSTvA mA ptediti|| 11. vahI, 89.6) yathA zalyakavAnAkhaH pAdaM dhanayate sdaa| atIkSNenAbhyupAyena tathA rASTraM smaapibet|| 12. vahI, 72.20) tathA vahI, udyogaparva 34.18 13. vyavahArabhASya 11, pR. 128-a 5.

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 32%. 15%. 20%. 14. bRhatkalpabhASya 3.4770 15. Avazyakaniyukti,1078; kauTilya arthazAstra meM bAIsa prakAra ke rAjakara batAe haiM-2.6.242 16. bRhatkalpabhASya 3.4770; paDaniyuktiTIkA, 87; pR.32-a meM pratyeka ghara se prativarSa do dramma lie jAne kA ullekha hai| 17. bRhatkalpabhASyaM 1.2506 18. The economic Times, August 27,2002; only 2% of the population pays these taxes and it is not even the highest 2%. 19. dakSiNa aphrIkA nyUjIlaiNDa - 19.5%. bhArata - 30.6%. bAMglAdeza - 18%. oNsTreliyA 30%. hAMgakAMga 17%. philipInsa 30%. iMDoneziyA - 15%. brAjIla 28%. amerikA cIna 25%. arjenTInA - 14%. iMglaiNDa 22%. tAivAna - 13%. jApAna, pakistAna - thAilaiNDa - 9%. (aise vyakti jinakI Aya Der3ha se do lAkha taka hai ve apane apane deza ke anusAra uparyukta Taiksa bhugatAna karate haiN| 20. The Economic Times August 27, 2002; Nearly 90% is spent on consumption fattening a blouted, inefficient bureaucracy being one of the main expenses. With Inida spending less and less on investment, the quality of state-founded health care, education, social services and Physical infrastructure like roads and irrigation networks is dismal. Britain puts about 58% of government spending on social services, America's share is about 55% while Malaysia's is about 43%. India's share is nearly 9%. 21. navabhArata TAimsa, agasta 28, 2002; (yahA~ khaccara ve madhyamavargIya sarakArI vetanabhogI karmacArI haiM, jo Taiksa dete haiM tathA hAthI una saba bar3e-bar3e udyogapati va vyApAriyoM kA pratinidhitva kara rahA hai, jo AsAnI se Taiksa dene se bace rahate haiN| 22. mahAbhArata zAntiparva 72.16; UdhazchindyAddhi yo dhenvAH kSIrArthI na labhet pyH| evaM rASTramayogena pIDitaM na vivrdhte|| 23. vahI, 70.3; anRshNshccredrthm| -pravaktA- saMskRta vibhAga esa. DI. kAleja, mujjaphpharanagara (uttarapradeza)

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sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita naya vimarza -DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina nayaprakriyA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI tIrtha paramparA surakSita hai, jise arthAdhigama ke lie jJAna-pramANa kI taraha hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa vargIkaraNa ke mUla meM samanvaya samagratA tathA vizleSaNa-AMzika satyatAeM hI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| parantu jaba inameM se prasphuTita avAntara vicAradhArAeM vibhinna vicAradha rAoM ko lekara pramukhatA se ekAntika pakSa kI ora bar3hane lagatI haiM taba aneka vAdavivAda utpanna ho jAte haiN| atIta ke dArzanika sAhitya para dRSTipAta kareM to isa taraha kI aneka vicAradhArAoM kA astitva pAyA jAtA hai| jaise brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM kA jhukAva sAmAnya kI ora rahA hai, jinhoMne antima niSkarSa meM bhedoM ko nakAra diyaa| bauddhoM ne abhedoM ko mithyA btaayaa| aneka dravyoM ko mAnane vAle sAMkhya prakRti puruSavAda ke rUpa meM unakI nityatA aura vyApakatA ke ekAnta kA parityAga nahIM kara ske| kisI ne dharma dharmI, guNa guNI Adi meM ekAnta mAnA ityAdi aneka matoM meM paraspara virodhI vicAradhArAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| ina sabhI virodhI dRSTiyoM kA samanvaya mAdhyasthabhAva se jainadarzana kI anekAnta dRSTi ne kiyA hai| isI anekAnta dRSTi se nayavAda kA udbhava huaa| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki nayavyavasthA kA mUlAdhAra anekAntavAda hai| syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI bhI anekAnta se phalita siddhAnta haiN| anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA pratipAdana nayavyavasthA ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| vaha pratyeka vastu ke dharma kA dRSTikoNa se pRthakkaraNa, yathocita vinyAsa Adi aneka apekSAoM se siddha hotA hai| apekSAoM kA sRjana, mana kI sahaja racanA, usa para par3ane vAle Agantuka saMskAra aura cintya vastu ke svarUpa Adi ke milane para hotA hai| aisI apekSAeM aneka hotI haiM, jisakA Azraya lekara vastu kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai, vahI apekSAeM dRSTikoNa ke nAma se abhihita hotI haiN| ye dRSTikoNa eka dUsare ke astitva ko svIkAra karate hue apane aMza meM satyatA siddha karate haiN| ina satyAMzoM ke hI pratipAdaka naya hote haiM tathA sabhI apekSAoM kA samuccaya anekAntadarzana bana jAtA hai| arthAdhigama kA sAdhana naya jainetara darzanoM meM arthAdhigama ke rUpa meM mAtra pramANa ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai|, parantu jainadarzana meM arthAdhigama ke lie pramANa ke sAtha naya ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki naya ke binA vastu kA jJAna apUrNa hai| naya hI vividha vAdoM, samasyAoM, praznoM Adi kA samAdhAna tathA vastusvarUpa kA yathArtha mUlyAMkana prastuta karatA hai| pramANa vividha

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28 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 vAdoM ko sulajhA nahIM sktaa| samasta vacana prayoga aura loka vyavahAra nayAzrita haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM vastuvyavasthA ke lie naya vivakSA kI anivAryatA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra meM spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki kauna naya kina kRtiyoM ko viSaya karate haiN|' etadartha vahA~ 'nayavibhASaNatA' nAmaka eka svataMtra anuyoga dvAra kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne batAyA hai ki pramANa se hI naya kI utpatti huI hai|' AcArya samantabhadra ne bhI pramANa aura naya donoM ko vastu kA prakAzaka kahA hai| pramANa ke aMza naya AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki pramANa ke aMza naya haiN| jainadarzana meM pramANa jJAna rUpa hai tathA vahI artha paricchedaka bhI hai| anya paraMparAoM meM indriyavyApAra, jJAtRvyApAra, kArakasAkalya, sannikarSa Adi ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai| jainadarzana kI dRSTi meM jJAna, arthapramiti meM avyavahita sAkSAt kAraNa hai, indriyasannikarSa Adi vyavahita paraMparA se kAraNa haiN| isalie avyavahita karaNa ko hI pramA kA janaka svIkAra karanA yuktisaMgata hai| dUsare pramiti arthaprakAza ajJAnanivRttirUpa hai, vaha jJAna dvArA hI saMbhava hai, indriyasannikarSa Adi dvArA nhiiN| mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna ina pAMcoM jJAnoM ko pramANa kahA gayA hai aura inase adhigama hotA hai| naya se bhI pramANa kI taraha arthAdhigama hotA hai| yahA~ prazna utthita hote haiM ki kyA jJAna nayarUpa hai yA nahIM, yadi jJAnarUpa hai, to kyA ve pramANa haiM yA apramANa, yadi pramANa haiM to use pramANa se alaga arthAdhigama kA upAya batAne kI kyA AvazyakatA thI, yadi apramANa hai taba usase yathArtha adhigama kaise ho sakatA hai, yadi naya jJAnarUpa nahIM hai taba use sannikarSa Adi kI taraha jJApaka svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina sabhI praznoM kA samAdhAna AcArya pUjyapAda ke isa kathana se ho jAtA hai ki naya, pramANa ke aMza haiN| isalie vaha na pramANa hai aura na apramANa apitu jJAnAtmaka pramANa kA ekadeza hai| isako AcArya vidyAnanda ne samudra kA udAharaNa dete hue spaSTa kiyA hai ki samudra se lAyA gayA ghaTa bhara jala na samudra hai aura na asamudra, apitu samudraikadeza hai| yadi use samudra mAnA jAtA hai to zeSa jala asamudra kahA AyegA athavA samudroM kI kalpanA karanI pdd'egii| yadi use asamudra kahA jAtA hai to zeSAMzoM ko bhI asamudra kahA jaayegaa| isa sthiti meM samudra kA vyavahAra kahIM bhI nahIM ho sakegA tathA samudra kA jJAtA bhI kisI ko nahIM kahA jA sktaa| __ata: naya na pramANa hai, na apramANa apitu pramANaikadeza hai| sarvArthasiddhi kI hI taraha syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bhI pramANa se nizcita kiye gaye padArthoM ke eka aMzajJAna karane ko naya kahA gayA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM pramANa se hI naya kI utpatti hone ke kAraNa pramANa ko zreSTha batAyA gayA hai| nayacakra meM yadyapi vyavahAra naya se nizcayanaya zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| parantu ina do nayoM se pramANa ko zreSTha nahIM mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki pramANa AtmA ko caitanya meM sthApita karane meM asamartha hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 zruta pramANa naya pUjyapAda devanandi ne sarvArthasiddhi meM pratipatti bheda se bhI pramANa bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kara usameM naya kA sthAna nirdhArita kiyA hai| unakI dRSTi meM pramANa do prakAra kA hai- svArtha aura praarth| zrutajJAna ko chor3akara zeSa mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna svArtha pramANa hai| parantu zrutajJAna svArtha aura parArtha donoM prakAra kA hai| jJAnAtmakazruta pramANa ko svArthapramANa aura vacanAtmaka zrutapramANa ko parArthapramANa kahate haiN| parArthapratipatti kA ekamAtra sAdhana vacana hone se mati Adi cAroM jJAna vacanAtmaka nahIM hai| zrutajJAna dvArA svArtha aura parArtha donoM pratipattiyAM hotI haiN| jJAtA va vaktA kA vacanAtmaka vyavahAra upacAra se parArtha zrutapramANa hai| zrotA ko jo vaktA ke zabdoM se bodha hotA hai, vaha vAstavika parArtha zrutapramANa hai| jJAtA yA vaktA kA jo abhiprAya rahatA hai aura aMzagrAhI hai, vaha jJAnAtmaka svArtha zrutapramANa hai| isa taraha jJAnAtmaka svArtha zrutapramANa aura vacanAtmaka parArtha zrutapramANa dono naya haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki darzanagraMthoM meM jJAnanaya aura vacananaya ke bheda se do prakAra ke nayoM kA bhI vivecana prApta hotA hai| yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki naya kI pravRtti mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya jJAnoM dvArA jJAta sImita artha ke aMza meM nahIM hotI hai to kyA naya ko samasta padArtho ke samasta aMzoM meM pravRtta hone vAle kevalajJAna kA aMza mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA samAdhAna AcArya vidyAnaMda ne dete hue likhA hai ki kevalajJAna pratyakSa (spaSTa) rUpa se padArthoM ke samasta aMzoM kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| naya parokSa (aspaSTa) rUpa se samasta padArtho ke aMzoM kA ekaikazaH nizcaya karatA hai| isalie naya kevalamUlaka nahIM hai| vaha mAtra parokSa zrutapramANamUlaka hI hai| zrutajJAna ke saMbandha meM AcAryoM ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki zruta ke upayoga hote haiMsyAdvAda aura ny| vastu ke saMpUrNa kathana ko syAdvAda evaM vastu ke eka deza kathana ko naya kahate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya samantabhadra ne syAdvAda ko kevalajJAna ke barAbara mAnA hai, donoM meM antara mAtra pratyakSa aura parokSa kA batAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zrutajJAna ke upayoga meM bhI syAdvAda rUpa pramANa kA aMza naya hai| jJAta ho AcArya akalaMka ne zruta ke tIna bheda kiye hai- pratyakSa, nimittaka, anumAna nimittaka tathA Agama nimittk|" jainatarkavArtikakAra pratyakSapUrvaka zruta ko na mAnakara paropadezaja aura liMganimittaka ye do hI zruta mAnate haiN| ina bhedoM meM liMganimittaka ke antargata pUjyapAda ke naya svarUpa ko rakhA jA sakatA hai| vaktA yA jJAtA kA abhiprAya naya jJAtA yA vaktA kA abhiprAya bhI naya hai| dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu ke viSaya meM jJAtA kA abhiprAya bheda yA abheda ko lekara hotA hai| udAharaNArtha eka jJAnI vastu meM sthAyitva dekhakara use nitya kahatA hai| vastu meM hone vAle parivartana Adi ko dekhakara dUsarA use anitya kahatA hai| ye vibhinna abhiprAya naya yA durnaya athavA nayAbhAsa kahe jAte haiN| jaba apane apane abhiprAyoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI dRSTibheda se dUsare ke abhiprAya kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karate taba donoM ke hI una abhiprAyoM ko naya kahA jAtA hai| isake viparIta

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ekAMgI abhiprAya nayAbhAsa yA durnaya haiN| naya kA tArkika svarUpa sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne pramANa se naya kI utpatti mAnakara apane pUrvAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita pAraMparika naya ke svarUpa kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai- pragRhya pramANata: pariNativizeSAdarthAvadhAraNaM nayaH arthAt vastu ko pramANa se jAnakara anantara kisI eka avasthA dvArA padArtha kA nizcaya karanA naya hai| Age ve eka sthAna para likhate haiM'sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhIna: 1 tatpazcAt unhoMne dArzanika yuga ke prathama jaina naiyAyika AcArya samantabhadra evaM unake paravartI ananya tArkika AcArya siddhasena divAkara Adi AcAryoM dvArA hetu- yuktiyoM se paripUrNa naya svarUpa ko AdhAra banAkara pUrNa vikasita akATya evaM yuktiyuktipUrNa naya ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne tattvArtha sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke prasaMga meM likhA hai - 'sAmAnyalakSaNa tAvadavastunyanekAntAtmanyavirodhena hetvarpaNAtsAdhyavizeSasya yAthAtmyaprApaNapraNavaH prayogo nayaH arthAt anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne naya ke isa svarUpa ko aisA prayoga batAyA hai, jo anekAntAtmaka vastu meM avirodha (avinAbhAva) rUpa hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhya (anekAntAMza) kI yathArthatA taka pahuMcAne meM samartha ho| isase spaSTa hai ki unhoMne naya ke isa lakSaNa meM sAdhya, hetu, pakSa, avinAbhAvaanyathAnupapannavatva- avirodha Adi kA prayoga kara naya ke svarUpa meM pUrNa prAmANikatA sthApita kara dI hai| yahAM hama naya ko hetuvAda ke nAma se abhihita kara sakate haiN| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne likhA hai ki hetu vizeSa kI sAmarthya kI apekSA pramANa ke dvArA nirUpita vastu ke eka deza ko grahaNa karane vAlA samyak ekAnta naya kahalAtA hai| dArzanika yuga meM pUjyapAda se pUrva AcArya samantabhadra ne hetu kA prayoga kara naya ke tArkika svarUpa kA sarvaprathama sUtrapAta kiyA thaa| unhoMne syAdvAdarUpa paramAgama se vibhakta hue arthavizeSa kA sadharma dvArA sAdhya ke sAdhyah se jo avirodharUpa se vyaMjaka hotA hai, use naya batAyA thaa| AcArya akalaMka ne samantabhadra ke vicAroM ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki naya kA svarUpa anumAna aura hetu ke binA samajhanA kaThina hai, syAdvAdarUpa paramAgama se vibhakta hue arthavizeSa meM jaba ekalakSaNarUpa hetu ghaTita ho jAye, taba vaha naya kI koTi meM A sakatA hai| syAdvAda ityAdi ke dvArA anumita anekAntAtmka arthatattva dikhAtA hai ki usase nityatvAdi vizeSa usake alaga alaga pratipAdaka haiM, aisA jo kahe vahI naya kahA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta artha kA jJAna pramANa hai aura usake eka aMza kA jJAna naya hai, jo dUsare dharmoM kI bhI apekSA rakhatA hai| durnaya dUsare dharmo kI apekSA na rakhakara unakA nirAkaraNa bhI karate haiN| anekAnta ke do bheda hote haiM- samyak aura mithyaa| jo pramANa ke dvArA gRhIta vastu ke eka deza ko sayuktika pramANa grahaNa karatA hai, vaha samyak ekAnta naya hai| aisA mAnane para yadi ekAnta kA lopa kiyA jAyegA aura anekAnta ko anekAnta hI mAnA jAyegA taba samyagekAnta ke abhAva meM zAkhAdi ke abhAva meM vRkSa ke abhAva kI

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 31 taraha tatsamudayarUpa anekAnta kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| yadi ekAnta hI mAnA jAyegA taba usa sthita meM avinAbhAvI itaradharmoM kA lopa hokara prakRta zeSa kA bhI lopa ho jaayegaa| vastutaH anekAnta kI pratipatti pramANa hai evaM eka dharma kI pratipatti naya hai| syAdvAdamaMjarI meM nyAyadarzana ke anumAna ke svarUpa meM anumAna kA nizcayAtmaka tRtIya jJAna 'parAmarza' jaise zabda kA prayoga kara nizcita pramANAMza ko prApta karAne vAlI nIti ko naya kahA gayA hai| isakI samAnatA sarvArthasiddhi ke naya svarUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| AcAryoM ke dvArA 'nIyate ekaviziSTo'rthaH pratItiniyamagAmiriti nItayo nyH|" jIvAdIn padArthAn nayati, prApnuvanti, kArayanti, sAdhayanti, nivartayanti, nirbhAsayanti, upAlambhayanti, vyaMjayanti iti nyH| nAnAsvabhAvebhyo vyAvartya ekasminsvabhAve vastu nayati prApayatIti vA nyH|' AcArya vidyAnanda ne 'nIyate gamyate yena zrutAMzo nyH| isa vyutpatyartha ke anusAra jisa nIti se ekadeza viziSTa padArtha lAyA jAtA hai arthAt pratIti ke viSaya ko prApta karAyA jAtA hai, use naya kahA hai| ina sabhI nayoM kI vyutpattiyoM meM naya kA jo sAdhakatama karaNa ho use naya mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH naya pramANa ke aMza hone ke kAraNa naya meM bhI pramANatva avazya rhegaa| pramA kA karaNa pramANa kahalAtA hai| jo sAdhakatama ho, vaha karaNa hotA hai| pramA yA jAnane rUpa kriyA jainAgama meM cetana mAnI gayI hai| isalie usameM sAdhakatama usI kA guNa jJAna hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se naya kriyA kA bhI sAdhakatama usI kA guNa jJanAMza hogaa| jaba 'nIyate ya iti nayaH' isa taraha karma sAdhana rUpa vyutpatti kI jAyegI, taba naya kA artha yaha hogA ki nayoM ke dvArA artha hI jAne jAte hai| AcArya akalaMka ne jJAtAoM kI abhisandhi pramANa aura pramiti ke eka deza kA samyak nirNaya karAne vAle ko naya kahA hai| vastuta: naya bhI jJAna kI hI vRtti hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM naya ke svarUpa meM ina vyutpattiyoM kA nihitArtha saMkSepa meM yuktiyuktarUpa se garbhita kiyA gayA hai| naya samyagdarzana evaM puruSArtha ke hetu / AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai ki naya gauNamukhyarUpa se eka dUsare kI apekSA karake samyagdarzana ke hetu haiN| jisa prakAra tantu Adika puruSa kI arthakriyA aura sAdhanoM kI sAmarthya se yathAyogya nivezita kara diye jAne para paTa Adi kI saMjJA ko prApta hote haiM, usI prakAra ye naya bhI svataMtra rahane para apekSA buddhi se kAryakArI hI haiN| kyoMki pUrva pUrva kA naya uttara uttara ke naya kA hetu banakara kAryakArI hotA hai| paraspara nirapekSa aMza puruSArtha ke bhI hetu nahIM bana sakate, ve paraspara sApekSa hokara hI vyavahAra meM sAdhaka ho sakate haiM kyoMki usa rUpa meM unakI upalabdhi hotI hai| mukhya kA niyAmaka naya vadhirUpa pramANa kA pratiSedha ke sAtha tAdAtmya saMbandha hone se inameM eka pradhAna aura dUsarA gauNa hotA hai, jisakA nirdhAraNa eka aMza ko grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoM ko gauNa rakhakara unakA tiraskAra na karate hue tathA apekSA banAye rakhane vAle, naya ke dvArA hotA hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 isa dRSTi se naya ko mukhya kA niyAmaka hetu mAnA gayA hai| naya dRSTAnta kA bhI samarthaka hotA hai| naya ke bheda AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM SaTkhaNDAgama Adi Agama granthoM kI taraha samagra viSayavastu ko nikSepavidhi meM bAMdhakara nayadRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue unhoMne bhAva nikSepa, paryAyArthika naya kA viSaya evaM zeSa tIna nAma, sthApanA aura dravya nikSepa, dravyArthika naya ke viSaya batAye haiN| naya prakaraNa ke svataMtra vivecana meM unhoMne naya ke pUrNa vikasita dArzanika svarUpa ke vivecanapUrvaka paraMparAgata naigamAdi saptanayoM para prakAza DAlA hai| jJAta ho prAraMbha se adyAvadhi naya ke vivecana meM saiddhAntika pakSa akSuNNa rahA hai, cAhe vaha naya kA vivecana Agamika ho yA AdhyAtmika ho yA dArzanika ho yA phira svtNtr| Agamika dRSTi mokSamArga ke upAyoM para bala detI hai| Agamika dRSTi meM sIdhe mokSamArga kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| dArzanikadRSTi mokSamArgopayogI hone ke sAtha vaha pUrNa nyAyavAkya hetu se sAdhita hotI hai| Agamika aura AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko siddha karane ke lie bhI AcAryoM ne tArkika aura dArzanika paddhatiyoM kA Azraya liyA hai| svataMtra dRSTi meM kisI bhI paddhati ko AdhAra banAkara svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai, parantu lakSya mokSamArga yA usake upAya hI rahate haiN| dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra 'dravyamarthaH prayojanamasyetyasau dravyArthika:" arthAt dravya hai prayojana jisakA vaha dravyArthika naya hai| isI graMtha meM anyatra likhA hai 'dravyaM sAmAnyamutsargaH anuvRttirityrthH| tadviSayo drvyaarthikH| arthAt sAmAnya, utsarga aura anRvRtti ko viSaya karane vAlA dravyArthika naya hotA hai| akalaMka ne isakI vyutpatti karate hue likhA hai'dravati droSyati adudravat iti dravyam, tadevArtho'sti yasya saH dravyArthika:38 anya AcAryoM ne bhI prAyaH isI taraha isakI vyutpattiyA~ kI haiN| jisakA yaha labdhArtha hai ki prApti yogya arthAt jise aneka avasthAeM prApta hotI haiM evaM jo sAntarika dravyadRSTi se gamana karatA jAye, vaha dravya hai, aisA dravya jisakA prayojana hai, vaha dravyArthika naya hai| sarala bhASA meM sAmAnya, anvaya, ekatva aura abheda ko viSaya karane vAle vicAramArga ko dravyArthika naya kahate haiN| paryAyArthika naya ko spaSTa karate hue pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai ki 'paryAyovizeSo apavAdo vyaavRttitityrthH| tadviSayaH paryAyArthika: arthAt paryAya kA artha vizeSa, apavAda aura vyAvRtti hai aura isako viSaya karane vAlA naya paryAyArthika kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki vizeSa yA bheda ko hI lakSya karake pravRtta hone vAlA jo vicAramArga hai, vaha paryAyArthika naya hai|" dravya ekatvarUpa anvayAtmaka hotA hai| eka vastu meM kAlakrama se hone vAlI paryAyoM meM anusyUta ekatva dravya kA svarUpa hai| dravyatva anya dravyoM meM pAye jAne ke kAraNa, vaha anvayI hai| paryAya pRthak evaM vyatireka hai| eka dravya meM kAlakrama se utpanna paryAyeM paraspara meM eka dUsare se bhinna hotI hai| / eka dravya

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 me guNakarma, sAmAnyavizeSya se paryAyarUpa pArthakya hai aura pratyeka kSaNavartI paryAya apane se bhinna kSaNavartI paryAya se bhinna hotI hai| yahI bhinnatA vyatireka hai| pratikSaNa anantabhedoM ko AtmasAt kiye hue saMsArI jIva kI krodha Adi vyavahAra paryAyeM haiM evaM jJAna Adi jIva kI nizcaya paryAyeM haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke vacana inhIM do dravyArthika nayoM meM saMgrahIta haiM, anya koI tIsarA prakAra nahIM hai| ina nayoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye nIti, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna ke bheda na hokara dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ke rUpa meM svataMtra rUpa se vyavasthita jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya samasta arthatattva kA saMgraha dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM meM ho jAtA hai| jaba pratyeka padArtha ko artha, zabda aura jJAna ke AkAroM meM bAMTate haiM, taba inake grAhaka jJAna bhI svabhAvataH tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhakta ho jAte haiM, jinheM kramaza: jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya kahA gayA hai| dArzanika yuga ke AcAryoM ne sAta nayoM meM prathama cAra nayoM ko arthanaya evaM uttara ke tIna nayoM ko zabda nayoM ke antargata rakhA hai| jJAnanaya kA svataMtra ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA, para naigama naya ke saMbandha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jaba vaha artha ko viSaya karatA hai, taba arthanaya evaM jaba saMkalpa ko grahaNa karatA hai taba vaha jJAnanaya kI koTi meM A jAtA hai| jJAta ho AcArya siddhasena naigama naya ko nahIM maante| paM.phUlacanda siddhAMtazAstrI ne naya se saMbandhita vizeSArtha meM likhA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi ke vivecana se yaha pUrNa rUpa meM parilakSita hotA hai ki pUjyapAda ko saptanayoM kA vibhAjana upacAra naya, artha naya, aura zabda naya ke rUpa meM karanA abhISTa rahA hai| naya zrutajJAna kA bheda hai| Alambana kI pradhAnatA se usake sAta bheda kiye gaye haiN| Alambana ko unhoMne upacAra, artha aura zabda ina tIna bhedoM meM vibhakta karake likhA hai ki naigama naya upacAra hokara bhI artha naya hai, para mukhyataH vaha upacAra naya hI hai| zeSa zabda, samabhirUr3ha zabda naya hai| 'nIyate anena iti nayaH' isa prakAra naya kI karaNa sAdhanarUpa vyutpati karane para sabhI naya jJAna rUpa siddha hote haiM evaM 'nIyante ye iti nayAH' aisI karma sAdhana rUpa vyutpatti karane para sabhI naya arthanaya siddha hote haiM, kyoMki nayoM ke dvArA artha hI jAne jAte haiN| zlokavArtika ke anusAra zrotAoM ke prati vAcya kA artha kA pratipAdana karane para sabhI naya zabdanaya svarUpa haiM aura svayaM artha kA jJAna karAne vAle sabhI naya svArtha prakAzI hone se jJAnanaya hai| vidhIyamAna vastu ke aMzoM kA kathana karane se arthanaya haiN| isa prakAra pradhAna aura gauNarUpa se naya tIna prakAra se vyavasthita haiN| laghIyastraya aura zlokavArtika meM naigamAdi cAra nayoM ko evaM sanmatiprakaraNa, rAjavArtika Adi meM saMgraha Adi tIna nayoM ko arthanaya ke antargata samAhita kiyA gayA hai| syAdvAdamaMjarI meM saptanayoM ke artha aura zabda naya ke rUpa meM vibhAga ke aucitya ko batAte hue likhA hai ki 'abhiprAya pragaTa karane ke do hI dvAra haiM-artha aura shbd| inake atirikta anya koI upAya nahIM hai, jo pramAtA ke abhiprAya-artha kA prarUpaNa karane meM pravINa haiM ve artha naya hai, jinameM naigamAdi cAra naya antarbhUta ho jAte haiM tathA jo zabdavicAra catura haiM, ve zabdAdi

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 tIna naya haiN| nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya sarvArthasiddhi meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kI vaisI carcA nahIM pAyI jAtI jaisI kI adhyAtma graMthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| parantu adhyAtmaparaka Agamika kAla meM ina nayoM se bhI hotA rahA hai| vyavahAra aura evaMbhUta naya se ukta nayoM kA prayojana siddha ho hI jAtA hai| zlokavArtikakAra ne evaMbhUta naya ko nizcaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ke dvArA vivecita kiyA hai| donoM paddhatiyA~ siddhAnta kA hI nirvacana karatI hai| donoM meM antara zarIra aura AtmA jaisA hai| eka dRSTi zuddha siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karatI hai tathA dUsarI dRSTi siddhAMta taka pahuMcane kA mArga prazasta karatI hai| bAta jaba nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya kI AtI taba ina nayoM kA prayoga pratipAdya kI yogyatA ke anusAra hotAA hai| AcArya kundakunda spaSTa likhate haiM ki 'paramabhAva zuddhasvabhAva kA avalokana karane vAle puruSoM ke dvArA zuddhasvarUpa kA varNana karane vAlA zuddhanaya nizcayanaya hai aura aparamabhAva meM sthita haiM ve vyavahAra naya se upadeza dene ke yogya haiN| kisI eka naya ke pakSapAtiyoM ko adhyAtma gurU AcArya amRtacandrasUri ke isa vicAra ko sadaiva yAda rakhanA cAhie vyavahAranizcayau yaH prabudhya tattvena bhavati mdhysthH| prApnoti dezanAyAH sa eva phalamavikalaM shissyH|49 jo ziSya vyavahAra aura nizcaya ko yathArtharUpa se jAnakara madhyastha rahatA hai, pakSapAta nahIM karatA, vahI ziSya upadeza kA saMpUrNa phala pAtA hai| aneka AcAryoM ne nizcayanaya aura vyavahAra nayoM ko mUla naya mAnakara dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoM ko nizcaya hetu meM sAdhana mAnA hai| unhoMne yaha bhI likhA hai ki nizcaya naya hI dravyArthika naya hai athavA dravyArthika naya hI nizcaya naya hai evaM vyavahAra naya paryAyArthika naya hai athavA paryAyArthika naya hI vyavahAra naya hai| kAraNa aura prayojanoM ke kAraNa donoM meM antara pAyA jAtA hai, para viSaya bheda nhiiN| saMpUrNa vastu ke saMbandha meM uThe vivAda ko pramANa ke dvArA ora usake eka aMza ke vivAda ko naya ke dvArA hala kiyA jAtA hai| nayoM meM sAmAnya viSayavastu ko dravyArthika aura paryAya ko paryAyArthika viSaya karatA hai| isI taraha AtmA ke saMbandha meM uThe saMpUrNa vivAda ko nizcaya naya samApta karatA hai| AtmA se para vastuoM meM utpanna hue vivAda ko vyavahAra naya samApta karatA hai| AcArya akalaMka kI dRSTi meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika naya ke Azrita naya haiN| prabhAcandra aura abhayacandasUri ne akalaMka ke mata kA samarthana kiyA hai| saptanayoM kA svarUpa saptanayoM ke Antarika svarUpa aura sthiti kA vivecana isa Alekha ke arthanaya, zabdanaya Adi ke prakaraNa meM kiyA jA cukA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM sodAharaNa pratyeka naya ke svarUpa ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jisakI vistRta vyAkhyAeM akalaMka aura vidyAnaMda ne apane graMthoM meM kI hai| prasaMgata: yahAM sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra unakA saMkSipta svarUpa prastuta

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 aniSpanna artha meM saMkalpa mAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naya naigama hai| samasta lokavyavahAra ke aise viSaya jo hue nahIM haiM, unake Alambana se jo saMkalpa mAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai, vaha naigama naya kahalAtA hai| isako yahAM prastha kA udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| jJAta ho yaha naya eka ko viSaya nahIM karatA apitu mukhya gauNarUpa se sabhI ko viSaya karatA hai| naigama naya ko siddhasena Adi AcArya nahIM mAnate hai| isameM yaha tarka diyA jAtA hai ki yaha naya upacAra hai| vastusparzI vikalpa aura vastu meM Aropita vikalpa donoM meM bar3A antara hai| vastusparzI vikalpoM ko samyagjJAna kI koTi meM sthAna denA to anivArya hai| kintu yadi vastu meM Aropita vikalpoM ko samyagjJAna kI koTi meM sthAna diyA jAye to anavasthA kI sImA hI na rhe| bheda sahita saba paryAyoM ko apanI jAti ke avirodha dvArA eka mAnakara sAmAnya se sabako grahaNa karane vAlA naya saMgraha naya hai| yathA sat, dravya ghaTa aadi| syAdvAdamaMjarI ke anusAra vizeSoM kI apekSA na karake vastu ko sAmAnya se jAnanA saMgrahanaya hai| anya AcAryoM ne bhI prAyaH isake isI taraha ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| vastutaH saMgrahanaya eka aisI manovRtti hai, jo vizva ke sabhI guNadharmoM Adi bhedoM ko vismRta kara eka akhaNDa svarUpa para hI vicAra karatI hai| isa naya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- sva aura pr|" saMgrahanaya ke dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye padArthoM kA vidhipUrvaka avaharaNa arthAt bheda karanA vyavahAra naya kahalAtA hai| isa naya meM artha kA grahaNa, zabda ke guNadharmoM kA grahaNa kiye binA hotA hai| isa naya se loka ke samasta bhedAtmaka vyavahAroM kA bodha hotA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se 'sat' akhaNDa na rahakara khaNDoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| - pUjyapAda ne Rju kA artha praguNa kiyA hai arthAt jo saralatA ko sUcita karatA hai, vaha RjusUtra naya hai| yaha naya bhUta aura bhaviSya ke cakkara meM na par3akara mAtra vartamAna kAla ke padArthoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yaha naya vartamAna paryAya dvArA vastu kA grahaNa karatA hai| zabdAdika nayoM meM zabdoM dvArA vartamAna paryAya kA grahaNa hotA liMga, saMkhyA aura sAdhana Adi ke vyabhicAra kI nivRtti karane vAlA zabdanaya hai| vyabhicAra kA vAstavika artha hai, zabda bheda hone para arthabheda nahIM mAnanA, aise vyabhicAroM ko pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM aneka udAharaNa dekara spaSTa kiyA hai| nAnA arthoM kA samArohaNa karane vAlA hone se samabhirUr3ha naya kahalAtA hai| isako spaSTa karate hue pUjyapAda ne likhA hai ki nAnA arthoM ko 'sam' arthAt chor3akara pradhAnatA se jo eka artha meM rUr3ha hotA hai, vaha samabhirUr3ha naya hai| isa naya meM paryAyavAcI zabdoM ke artha meM vyutpattibheda meM se bheda batalAye jAte haiN| jaise- indra, purandara, zakra Adi paryAya zabdoM ke artha bheda kI dRSTi samabhirUr3ha naya hai| jo vastu jisa paryAya ko prApta huI hai, usI rUpa nizcaya karAne vAle naya ko evaMbhUtanaya kahate haiN|60 aneka naya sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki naigamAdi naya sUkSma viSaya vAle

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 hone ke kAraNa pUrva pUrva naya uttara uttara kA hetu hai tatha pUrva pUrva viruddha mahAviSayavAle aura uttarottara anukUla alpa viSaya vAle haiN| dravya kI ananta zakti hai| isIlie pratyeka zakti kI apekSA bheda ko prApta hokara ye aneka vikalpa vAle ho jAte haiN| prastuta graMtha meM pUjyapAda ne pUrvottara bhAva prajJApana naya, pUrvabhAva prajJApana, naya, bhUtagrAhi naya, pratyutpanna naya, bhUtaprajJApana naya evaM bhUtapUrva naya Adi aneka nayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| zlokavArtika ke anusAra bhUta aura bhAvi naya dravyArthika-naigamAdi tIna nayoM meM aura vartamAna naya paryAyArthika naya-RjusUtra Adi cAra nayoM meM samAhita ho jAte hai|| RjusUtra naya aura tIna zabda naya pratyutpanna naya kahalAte haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ne nayoM aura upanayoM kI carcA kara saMkhyAta nayoM kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| dhavalA evaM sanmatiprakaraNa Adi graMthoM meM spaSTa ullekha haiM ki jitane vacanoM ke mArga haiM utane hI nayavAda haiM aura jitane nayavAda haiM utane hI parasamaya haiN| vastutaH kisI bhI vastu ke eka aMza ko avalambita karake usase saMbandhita pravRtta hone vAle sabhI vicAra usa dRSTikoNa se naya haiN| tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMka ne spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki zabda kI apekSA nayoM ke eka se lekara asaMkhyAta vikalpa hote haiM parantu saptabhedAtmaka naya ajJAnI aura madhyama ruci vAle ziSyoM kI apekSA se kahe gaye haiN|65 niSkarSa anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke saMbandha meM cintana kI prAraMbhika avasthA meM sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka do dRSTiyA~ rahIM haiN| cintana ke isa krama meM kisI paristhiti, maryAdA, ruci Adi samagra satya ke aMzoM taka na pahuMca pAne ke kAraNa apane usa aMza ko hI satya mAna lenA, anya kI upekSA Adi karanA satya kI asamagratA yA aikAntikatA kA bodha karAtI hai| nayadRSTi samagra satyAMza meM satyAMza samajhatI hai| dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM jise pramANa ke aMza ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| naya eka aisA dRSTikoNa yA manovRtti hai, jise vaktA yA zrotA kA abhiprAya bhI kahA gayA hai| satya ke kisI bhI aMza kA virodha kiye binA yaha dRSTi eka eka abhiprAya ko zabdoM ke dvArA vyavahAropayogI banAtI hai| naya jJApaka aura upAyatattva donoM hai| kisI bhI siddhAMta ke sarvamAnyatA kA AdhAra usake svarUpa kA nyAyika honA Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se AcArya pUjyapAda ne aise prayoga ko naya kahA hai jo anekAnta vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhya vizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha ho| naya, pramANa aura syAdvAda donoM kA aMza hai| isako zrutajJAna kA upayoga bhI kahA jAtA hai| naya samyagdarzana aura puruSArtha kA hetu hone ke sAtha sAtha mukhya kA niyAmaka aura dRSTAMta kA samarthaka bhI hai| sApekSa dRSTi ko bhI dUsare zabdoM meM naya se abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai| inake mukhya do bheda haiM- dravyArthika aura pryaayaarthik| ye donoM naya sapta nayoM kA hI vargIkaraNa hai tathA mati, avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevalajJAna ke bheda na hokara svataMtra rUpa se vyavasthita haiN| saptanayoM kA jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| naigamAdi naya sUkSma viSaya vAle hone ke kAraNa pUrva pUrva naya uttara uttara kA hetu hai tathA dravya kI ananta zakti kI apekSA aneka vikalpa vAle ho jAte haiM arthAt ananta naya ho sakate

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 37 isa prakAra sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne saiddhAntika pakSa ko akSuNNa rakhate hue SaTkhaNDAgama Adi graMthoM kI taraha samagra viSayavastu ko nikSepavidhi meM bAMdhakara nayadRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| cUMki ve pUrNa vikasita dArzanika evaM tArkika yuga ke AcArya the, isalie unhoMne naya saMbandhI vivecana meM usa yuga ke dArzanika sAhitya ke lie Avazyaka tattvoM sAdhya sAdhana, hetu, yukti Adi se yukta nyAyavAkyoM kA prayoga kara sAdhya ko siddha kiyA hai, jisakA prabala udAharaNa sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita naya vimarza hai| saMdarbha1. pramANanayairadhigamaH- tattvArthasUtra, 1.6 26. dRSTavya, jaina na0ku0 sa0a0 pR.133 2. SaTkhaNDAgama, sUtra 4.1-50 (pu.9) 27. ta0vA0 16 3. vahI, 4,1,47,(pu.9)sUtra4,2(pu.10)Adi 28. syAdvAda maM.28,310/9 4. sa. si. 1,6,15 29. vahI, 27.305 AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 30. tattvArthAdhigamabhASya, 1,35 insTI. eriyA, lodI roDa, naI dillI, saM.15 31. AptaparIkSA, 9 san 2009, sUtra 1,6,15 32. tazlokavArtika 1.33 5. samantabhadra, AptamImAMsA,101 33. siddhivinizcayaTIkA,2.101.102 6. pramANaikadezAzca nayA:- sa.si. 1.32 34. sa0si0 1.33 7. AcArya vidyAnaMda, tattvArthazlokavArmikam, pR.123 35. yuktyanuzAsana,50 aura svayaMbhUstotra 52 8. vahI, pR.118 36. samantabhadra,svayaMbhUstrota, 61,62 9. malliSeNa, syAdvAdamaMjarI, 28.390.9 37. sa0si0 1.6 10. nayacakra/zruta/32,uddhRta, kSu.jinavarNI jainendra 38. akalaMka, laghIyastravRtti, 30 siddhAsanta koSa, bhAga 2 pR. 516 39. draSTavya, nyAyavi0 114, ta0vA01.5.8, 11. sa.si. 1.6 5.2426 12. draSTavya, koThiyA, da.lAla, a. graMtha 516 40. sa00 1.6 13. ta.zlovArtika, pR. 142 41. jaina, na0ku0 jainadarzana, pR0339 14. vahI, 1.6 pRSTha 124 42. laghIyastraya, 72, ta0zlokavA0 1.33 15. AptamImAMsA 101,105, siddhasena, nyAyAvatAra,30 43. jaina, ma0ku0 jainadarzana, pR. 339 akalaMka, laghIyastraya, 62 44. laghIyastraya,72, ta0zlokavA0 1.33 16. AptamImAMsA 105 45. sa0si0 vizeSArtha, 1.33 17. pramANasaMgraha, 1 46. syA0maM0 28.310.319 18. jaina, ma0ku0 jainadarzana, pR.266 gaNezaprasAda varNI 47. ta0zlokavA0 1.7.28 jaina graMthamAlA, vArANasI tR.saM. 1974, pRSTha 266 48. kundakunda, samayasAra, 13 19. akalaMka, laghIyastraya, 52,55,62 evaM vR.30 49. puruSArthasiddhyayupAya, 13 20, jaina, ena.ke, samantabhadra avadAna, syAdvAda prasAriNI 50. samantabhadra avadAna, pRSTha 136 sabhA, caitanya nilaya, 3/359, nyu vidyAdhara nagara 51. sa0si0 33 jayapura, pRSTha 133 52. vahI, 33 21. sa0si0 1,6 53. zAstrI, phUlacanda, sa0si0 vize pR0105 22. vahI, 1,33 54. sasi0 1.33 23. akalaMka, tattvArthavArtika, 1,6 55. syA0 maM0 28.311 24. sadharmeNaiva sAdhyasya saadhaadvirodhtH| 56.ta0vA0 133, zlokavA0 11.133 syAdvAdapravibhaktArthavizeSavyaMjako nyH|aa0mii010557. ta0vA0 1.33

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38 25. akalaMka, A0mI0 bhASya 106 nyAvi0 229 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 58. sa0si0 133 59. vahI, 1.33 60. vahI, 1.33 61. vahI, 1.6 62. vahI, 5.39, 2.6, 109 Adi 63. AptamImAMsA 107 64. dhavalA, 1.1.1,67 sanmatiprakaraNa, 3.47 Adi 65. ta0vA0 1.33 - esosiyeTa prophesara, saMskRta 2- e- 78, neharU nagara, gAjiyAbAda (u. pra. ) anekAnta-mahimA 'anaMta dharmaNastattvaM pazyantI pratyagAtmanaH / anekAntamayImUrtirnityameva prakAzatAma // jeNa viNA logassa vi vavahAro savvA Na nnibbdddd'| tarasa bhuvanekkaguruNo Namo aNegaMtavAyarasa / / ' arthAt jisake binA loka kA vyavahAra sarvathA hI nahIM bana sakatA, usa bhuvana ke guru asAdhAraNa, anekAntavAda ko namaskAra ho /

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zrAvaka aura guNavrata -DaoN. sArikA tyAgI zrAvaka kA svarUpa 'zraNoti gurvAdibhyo dharmamiti zrAvakaH' arthAt jo hitakArI vAkyoM ko sunane vAlA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| 'zrAvaka' zabda kA samAnya jo prAyaH lokacarcita artha hai-zrA-zraddhAvAn, va-vivekavAn, k-kriyaavaan| AcAryoM ne zrAvakoM ke liye zraddhA guNa kI mukhyatA batalAyI hai| zraddhA ke sAtha viveka aura kriyAvAn hone para hI isakI sArthakatA hai| yaha zabda svayaM meM ratnatraya ko samAhita kiye hue hai| 'zra' zraddhA arthAt darzana 'va' viveka arthAt jJAna 'ka' kriyA arthAt cAritra ke vAcaka hai| tInoM varNa ratnatraya kI sUcanA dete haiM ataH isase spaSTa hai ki 'zrAvaka' ratnatraya kA dhAraka hotA hai| zrAvaka prajJapti nAmaka graMtha meM bhI isI prakAra kA kathana hai samataM dasaNAI paryAdahaM jaijaNa suNaI y| sAmAyAriM paramaM jo khalu taM sAvagaM vinti| arthAt jo samyagdarzanAdi yukta gRhastha pratidina munijanoM Adi ke pAsa jAkara parama samAcArI (sAdhu aura gRhasthoM kA AcAra vizeSa) ko sunatA hai, use zrAvaka kahate haiN| 'zrAvaka' nAma kI nirukti isa prakAra kI gayI hai- 'zrAnti pacanti tattvArthazraddhAnaM niSThAM nayantItizrAH tathA vapanti guNavatsaptakSetre- budhanabIjAni nikSipantIti vAH tathA kiranti kliSTakarmarajo vikSipantIti kAH tataH karmadhAraye zrAvakA iti bhvti|' isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki zrAvaka isa pada meM tIna zabda hai| inameM se 'zrA' zabda to tattvArtha- zraddhAna kI sUcanA karatA hai, 'va' zabda sapta dharma kSetroM meM dhanarUpa bIja bone kI preraNA karatA he aura 'ka- zabda kliSTa karma yA mahApApoM ko dUra karane kA saMketa karatA hai| isa prakAra karmadhAraya samAsa karane para yaha zrAvaka nAma niSpanna ho jAtA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne 'zrAvaka' zabda kA artha isa prakAra bhI diyA hai jo samyaktvI aura aNuvratI hone para bhI pratidina sAdhuoM se gRhastha aura muniyoM ke AcAra dharma ko sune, vaha zrAvaka kahalAtA hai|' zrAvaka ke vrata ___ jIvanaparyanta hiMsA Adi pAMca pApoM ke ekadeza yA sarvadeza nivRtti ko vrata kahate haiN| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai- aNuvrata yA mhaavrt| aNuvrata zrAvaka ke liye hai aura mahAvrata sAdhuoM ke liye hotA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki pratijJA karake jo niyama liyA jAtA hai, vaha vrata hai| yaha karane yogya hai, yaha nahIM karane yogya hai- isa prakAra niyama karanA vrata hai| vrata zabda virati ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai tathA pravRtti (vRtu vartane dhAtu se niSpanna hone ke kAraNa) ke artha meM bhI hotA hai isIliye paNDita

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 AzAdhara jIne vrata kA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA hai "kinhIM padArthoM ke sevana kA yA hiMsAAdi azubha karmoM kA niyata yA aniyata kAla ke liye saMkalpa karake tyAga karanA vrata hai yA pAtradAna Adi acche karmoM meM usI prakAra saMkalpapUrvaka pravRtti karanA vrata hai|'' isa kathana meM vrata meM pApa se nivRtti tathA zubha meM pravRtti donoM svIkAra kI gayI hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata kahe gaye haiM- pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra shikssaavrt| zvetAmbara paraMparA meM pAMca aNuvratoM ko mUlavrata tathA zeSa sAta ko uttaravrata kahA gayA hai|" guNavrata guNavrata aNuvratoM meM vizeSatA utpanna karate hai| aNuvratI ke guNoM kI abhivRddhi kAraka hone ke kAraNa guNavrata saMjJA sArthaka hai| aNuvrata svarNa rUpa hai aura guNavrata usa sone para camaka bar3hAne vAle haiN| tIna guNavrata pAMcoM aNuvratoM meM zakti kA saMcAra karate haiN| unake paripAlana meM sahAyaka hote haiM unakI saMrakSA karate haiN| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI guNavratoM kA varNana karate hue kahate haiM digvratamanarthadaNDavrataM ca bhogopbhogprimaannm| anuvRhaNAd guNAnAmAkhyAnti gunnvrtaanyaaryaaH|| arthAt digvrata, anarthadaNDavrata aura bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata ina tInoM ko (aSTamUlaguNoM, aNuvratoM) vratoM kI vRddhi karane se Arya puruSa inheM guNavrata kahate haiM AcArya somadeva sUri ne upAsakAdhyayana meM guNavratoM ko digvirita, dezavirati aura anarthadaNDavirati ke bheda se tIna guNavrata batAye haiN| aNuvrata mUlaguNa rUpa hai aura saptazIla uttara guNa hai| tattvArthabhASya ke ullekhAnusAra zrAvaka ke zIla aura uttaraguNa ekArthaka hai| sUtrakAra guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM ko zIla saMjJA dete haiN| kintu somadeva ne inheM uttaraguNo meM parigaNita kiyA hai| guNavratoM kI tIna saMkhyA ko prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu nAma kI dRSTi meM mata vaibhinya milatA hai| ___tattvArthasUtrakAra digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavrata ina tIna ko guNavrata kI saMjJA meM abhihita karate haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke anuvartI cAmuNDarAya, vasunandi, amitagati, somadeva, paM. medhAvI Adi hai| samantabhadra svAmI digvrata, bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata aura anarthadaNDavrata ina tIna ko guNavrata ke bheda batalAte haiN| paNDita AzAdhara jI ne bhI samantabhadra svAmI dvArA pratipAdita guNavratoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai kevala itanA bheda hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra aura vasunandi Adi to dezavrata ko guNavratoM meM parigaNita karate haiM kintu samantabhadra Adi AcArya use dezAvakAzika zikSAvrata nAma se vyAkhyAyita karate haiN| bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata ko AcArya samantabhadra ne guNavrata svIkAra kiyA hai kintu tattvArthasUtra isI vrata ko nAmAntara upabhogaparibhogavrata se zikSAvrata mAnate haiN| vicAraNIya hai ki dezAvakAzika yA dezavrata ko guNavrata mAnA jAye yA zikSAvrata? kyoMki kucha AcArya to guNavrata kahate haiM aura kucha zikSAvrato meM parigaNita karate haiN| sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM dezavrata kA svarupa samAna hI milatA hai- jIvanaparyanta ke liya kiye hue digvrata meM kAla kI maryAdA dvArA anAvazyaka kSetra meM Ane Ane kA parimANa karanA dezavrata hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 1. digvrata AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki dasoM dizAoM kI maryAdA karake sUkSma pApoM kI nivRtti ke liye 'maiM isa maryAdA se bAhara nahIM jAU~gA' maraNa-paryanta ke liye yaha pratijJA karanA digvrata hai| AcArya cAmuNDarAya ne cAritrasAra meM likhA hai pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, Urdhva (Upara), adho (nIce), IzAna, Agneya, naiRtya aura vAyavya ye dasa dizAeM kahalAtI hai| parvata, nadI, Adi prasiddha cinhoM ke dvArA athavA yojanAdi ke dvArA una dazoM dizAoM kA parimANa kara lenA aura yaha niyama lenA ki ye saba dizAeM jo na haTAye jA sakeM aise choTe-choTe jIvoM se bharI huI hai| isIliye isa kiye hue parimANa ke bAhara maiM nahIM jaauuNgaa| parimANa ke bAhara Ane jAne kA tyAga karanA digvirita hai| sakalakIrti ke zabdoM meM jo buddhijIvI samasta dizAoM kI maryAdA niyata karake kabhI bhI usase bAhara nahIM jAtA hai vaha digvirita vrata hotA hai|" digvrata ke aticAra UrdhvabhAgavyatikrama, adhobhAgavyatikrama, tiryagbhAga vyatikrama, kSetrabuddhi, aura sImA kI vismRti ye pAMca digvrata ke aticAra hai| digvrata ke pAMca aticAra bhI sabhI AcAryoM ne samAna rUpa se varNita kiye haiN| 2. anarthadaNDavrata anarthadaNDavrata arthAt niSprayojana pApa ke tyAga kA nAma anarthadaNDavrata hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne upakAra na hone para jo pravRtti kevala pApa kA kAraNa hai use anarthadaNDa kahA hai| paNDita pravara AzAdhara jI ne kahA hai ki apane aura apane saMbandhiyoM ke mana, vacana evaM kAya saMbandhI prayojana ke binA pApopadeza Adi ke dvArA prANiyoM ko pIr3A denA anarthadaNDa hai aura usakA tyAga anarthadaNDavrata mAnA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne dizAoM kI maryAdA ke andara andara niSprayojana pApa kAraNoM se virakta hone ko anarthadaNDavrata mAnA hai|' cAritrasAra meM bhI niSprayojana pApadAna ke hetu ko anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai| jo puruSa digvrata kA pAlana karatA huA bhI binA kisI kAraNa ke lagane vAle pApoM kA tyAga karatA hai vaha anarthadaNDavrata hotA hai| umAsvAmI zrAvakAcAra meM umAsvAmI ne spaSTatayA pratipAdita kiyA hai ki pApopadezAdi anarthoM kA nirantara tyAga karane ko munIzvaroM ne anarthadaNDa kahA hai|" anya zrAvakAcAra viSayaka caraNAnuyoga ke graMthoM ne bhI kucha zabdabheda ke sAtha anarthadaNDavrata kA lagabhaga yahI svarUpa kahA hai| saMsArI prANI kA sarvathA niSpApa yA niraparAdha ho pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| apane svArtha lobha lAlasA Adi kI pUrti ke liye athavA apane saMtoSa ke liye yaha pratikSaNa pApapUrNa kAryoM ko karatA rahatA hai| yadyapi rAjakIya kAnUnoM ke adhIna vaha ina kAryoM ke kAraNa aparAdhI nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, tathApi dhArmika dRSTi se vaha kadAcAra kA doSI hai| anarthadaNDa ke bheda anarthadaNDavata pAMca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai kyoMki anarthadaNDa yA niSprayojana pApa pAMca

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kAraNoM se hotA hai vaha kabhI pApa Arta evaM raudra dhyAna ke kAraNa hotA hai, asAvadhAnIvaza AcaraNa ke kAraNa hotA hai, kabhI jIvahiMsA ke kAraNa banane vAlI sAmagrI ko pradAna karane se hotA hai tathA kabhI vaha pApa kAmabhogavardhaka kathAoM Adi ke sunane se hotA hai| isI AdhAra para anarthadaNDa ke pAMca bheda mAne gaye haiM- pApopadeza, hiMsAdAna, apadhyAna, du:zruti aura prmaadcryaa| anarthadaNr3oM kI saMkhyA meM kahIM-kahIM antara bhI dekhane ko milatA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM ukta pAMca anarthadaNDoM meM dyUtakrIr3A ko jor3akara chaH anarthadaNDoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paraMparA duHzruti ko pRthak anarthadaNDa ke rUpa meM ullikhita na karake isakA antarbhAva apadhyAna (Artta-raudra dhyAna) meM karatI pratIta hotI hai| 1. pApopadeza binA kisI prayojana dUsaroM ko pApa kA upadeza denA arthAt aise vyApAra kI salAha denA jisase prANiyoM ko kaSTa pahuMce athavA protsAhana mile pApopadeza nAmaka anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne tiryagvANijyA, kleza vANijyA, hiMsA, AraMbha, ThagAI Adi kI kathAoM ke prasaMga uThAne ko pApopadeza nAmaka anarthadaNDa mAnA gayA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke anusAra kRSi, pazupAlana, vyApAra Adi AraMbha kAryoM kA jo upadeza diyA jAtA hai tathA strI puruSa ke samAgama Adi kA upadeza denA pApopadeza nAmaka anarthadaNDavata hotA hai| puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki niSprayojana kisI puruSa ko AjIvikA ke sAdhana vidyA, vANijya, lekhanakalA, kRSi, vyavasAya aura zilpa Adi nAnA prakAra ke kAryoM evaM upAyoM kA upadeza denA pApopadeza anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM paNDita pravara AzAdhara ne una samasta vacanoM ko pApopadeza anarthadaNDa kahA hai, jo hiMsA, jhUTha Adi tathA khetI, vyApAra Adi se saMbandha rakhate hoM unakA kahanA hai ki jo ina kAryoM se AjIvikA calAne vAle vyAdha, Thaga, cora, kRSaka, bhIla Adi hai, unheM pApopadeza nahIM denA cAhiye aura na hI goSThI meM isa prakAra kI vArtAlApa kA prasaMga lAnA caahiye| unhoMne likhA hai pApopadeza yadvAkyaM hiNsaakRssyaadisNshrym| tajjIvinyo na taM tadyAnnApi goSThyAM prsjjyet||24 cAmuNDarAya ke anusAra gAya, bhaiMsa Adi pazuoM ko isa deza se le jAkara dUsare deza meM becane se athavA kisI deza se lAkara yahAM becane se bahuta dhana kA lAbha hogA aisA upadeza niryagvANijyA pApopadeza hai| isI prakAra amuka deza meM dAsI-dAsa AsAnI se mila jAte haiM unheM vahAM se kharIdakara amuka deza meM becane se paryApta arthArjana hogA aisA upadeza denA klezavANijyA pApopadeza kahalAtA hai| zikAriyoM se yaha kahanA ki hiraNa, suara yA pakSI Adi amuka deza meM bahuta hote haiM, hiMsopadeza yA vadhakopadeza, pApopadeza nAmaka anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| khetI Adi karane vAloM ko yaha batAnA ki pRthivI, jala, agni, pavana evaM vanaspati Adi kA saMgraha ina-ina upAyoM se karanA cAhiye, AraMbhakopadeza anarthadaNDa hai| cAritrasAra meM ina cAra ko cAra prakAra kA anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 2. hiMsAdAna niSprayojana jaharIlI gaisa, astra-zastra Adi upakaraNoM kA dAna, jinase hiMsA utpanna ho sakatI hai, hiMsAdAna nAmaka anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra pharasA, talavAra, kudAlI, agni, Ayudha, sIMga, sAMkala Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNoM kA dAna hiMsAdAna nAmaka anarthadaNDa hai| AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI isI prakAra viSa, kAMTo, zastra agni, rassI, cAbuka aura DaNDA Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNoM ke dAna ko hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa kahA hai| amRtAcandrAcArya ne likhA hai asidhenuvisshutaashnlaaNglkrvaalkaarmukaadiinaam| vitaraNamupakaraNAnAM hiMsAyAH parihared ytnaat||28 arthAt ArI, dhenu, viSa, agni, hala, kakhAla, dhanuSa Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNoM ko dAna dene kA prayatnapUrvaka tyAga kara denA caahiye| cAritrasAra meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki viSa, zastra, rassI, cAbuka, DaNDA Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNa denA hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa hai| yaha vizeSa jJAtavya hai ki prAyaH sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM jahA~ hiMsA ke upakaraNoM ko denA hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai, vahAM kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bilAva Adi ke dAna ko bhI hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa kahA gayA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bilAva Adi hiMsaka pazuoM ke pAlana ko bhI isa anarthadaNDa meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| 3. apadhyAna Artta, raudra, khoTe dhyAna kI apadhyAna saMjJA hai| pIr3A yA kaSTa ke samaya ArtadhyAna tathA bairighAta Adi ke vicAra ke samaya raudra dhyAna hotA hai ye dhyAna kabhI nahIM karane caahie| kisI prasaMgavaza inakA dhyAna ho jAye to inheM tabhI dUra karane kA prayatna karanA caahiye| dUsaroM ke bAre meM galata vicAra arthAt khoTA vicAra apadhyAna nAmaka anarthadaNDa kahalAtA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ke anusAra rAga se athavA dveSa se anya kI strI Adi ke nAza hone, kaida hone, kaTa jAne Adi ke cintana karane ko apadhyAna nAma anarthadaNDa mAnA gayA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne paradoSoM ke grahaNa, parasaMpatti kI icchA, parastrI ke samIkSaNa tathA parakalaha ke darzana ko apadhyAna nAmaka anarthadaNDa kahA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne bhI kahA hai- 'pareSAM jayaparAjayavadhabandhanAMgacchedaparasvaharaNAdi kathaM syAditi manasA cintnmpdhyaanm| / arthAt dUsaroM kI hAra-jIta, mAranA, bA~dhanA, aMga chedanA, dhana kA apaharaNa karanA Adi kAryoM ko kaise kiyA jAye isa prakAra mana se vicAranA apadhyAna hai| 4. duHzruti du:zruti ko azubhazruti ke nAma se likhA gayA hai| zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra jI ne apane yogazAstra nAmaka graMtha meM anarthadaNDa ke cAra hI bheda kiye haiN| duHzruti ko alaga bheda nahIM mAnA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM svAmI kArtikeya ne kahA hai ki jina graMthoM meM gaMde majAka, vazIkaraNa, kAma-sevana, Adi kA varNana ho unakA sunanA tathA unake doSoM kI carcA sunanA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 duHzruti nAmaka anarthadaNDa hai|" amRtacandrAcArya kA kahanA hai ki rAga-dveSa Adi vibhAvoM ko bar3hAne vAlI, ajJAnabhAva se paripUrNa dUSita kathAoM ko sunanA, banAnA yA sIkhanA, du:zruti anarthadaNDa hai inheM kabhI bhI nahIM karanA caahiye| 34 paNDita AzAdhara jI kA kathana hai ki jina zAstroM meM kAma, hiMsA Adi kA varNana hai, usake sunane se hRdaya rAga-dveSa se kaluSita ho jAtA hai, unake sunane ko duHzruti kahate haiM unheM nahIM sunanA cAhie / kucha zAstra aise hote haiM, jisameM mukhya rUpa se kAmabhoga viSayaka yA hiMsA, corI Adi kA hI kathana hotA hai sunane se kAma - vikAra utpanna hotA hai tathA hiMsA, corI Adi kI burI Adata par3a jAtI hai| duHzruti nAmaka anarthadaNDavrata meM aise graMthoM ke par3ane, sunane, sunAne Adi ko chor3ane kI bAta kahI gayI hai| 35 5. pramAdacaryA 38 pramAdacaryA anarthadaNDa kA ullekha pramAdAcArita nAmaka binA prayojana pRthivI, jala, agni aura pavana ke AraMbha karane ko, vanaspati chedana ko paryaTana karane karAne ko pramAdacaryA anarthadaNDa kahate haiN| " AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai ki niSprayojana bhUmi ko khodanA, pAnI sIMcanA, phala phUla, patra Adi ko tor3anA Adi pUrNa kriyAoM ko karanA pramAdacaryA anartha daNDa hai| 7 AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai- 'prayojanamantareNa vRkSAdicchedanabhUmikuTTanasalilasecanAdyavakarma pramAdAcaritam / " arthAt binA prayojana ke vRkSAdi kA chedanA, bhUmi kA kUTanA, pAnI kA sIMcanA Adi pApakarma pramAdAciArata nAmaka anarthadaNDa hai| dharmopadezapIyUSavarSa zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki bhUmi, jala, agni, vAyu aura vanaspati kI vRthA virAdhanA karanA tathA vyartha gamanAgamanAdika karanA pramAdacaryA hai| 39 umAsvAmI jI ke 'anusAra vRkSoM ko tor3anA, bhUmi kA khodanA, jala kA sIMcanA aura phala-phUloM ko tor3anA saMcaya karanA Adika pramAda rUpa AcaraNa kA tyAga karanA caahiye|" zrI padmanandi jI ne bhI AcArya umAsvAmI ke tulya hI pramAdacaryA kA varNana kiyA hai| 44 ukta pAMca anarthadaNDoM ke atirikta amRtacandrAcArya jI ne juA khelane ko bhI anarthadaNDa mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki juA saba anarthoM meM prathama hai, saMtoSa kA nAza hai aura mAyAcAra kA ghara hai, corI ora asatya kA sthAna hai ata: ise dUra se hI tyAga denA caahiye|" anarthadaNDavrata ke aticAra 1. kandarpa- hAsyayukta aziSTa vacanoM kA prayoga karanA, 2. kautkucya- zArIrika kuceSTApUrvaka aziSTa vacanoM kA prayoga karanA, 3. maukharya- niSprayojana bolate rahanA yA bakavAda karanA, 4. asamIkSyAdhikaraNa prayojana ke binA koI na koI tor3a-phor3a karate rahanA yA kAvyAdi kA cintana karate rahanA, tathA 5. upabhoga- paribhogAnarthakya- prayojana na hone para bhI bhoga paribhoga kI sAmagrI ekatra karanA 3. bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra parigraha parimANavrata meM lI huI maryAdA ke andara bhI rAga

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ora Asakti ke kRza karane ke liye prayojanabhUta indriyoM ke viSayoM kI saMkhyA ko sImita karane ko bhogopabhogaparimANavrata kahate haiM jo pAMca indriyoM ke viSayabhUta bhojanavastra Adi padArtha eka bAra bhogane ke bAda chor3a diye jAte haiM bhoga kahalAte haiM aura jo eka bAra bhoga karake bhI dobArA bhogane yogya hote haiM, vaha upabhoga kahalAte haiM arthAt bhojana Adi padArtha bhoga hai aura vastra Adi upabhoga hai| paMDita medhAvI jI dvArA racita dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki itane kAla-paryanta itane bhoga aura upabhoga mere dvArA sevanIya hai isa prakAra niyama karake adhika kI icchA nahIM karane vAle puruSa ko bhogopabhogaparimANa vrata hotA hai| jo padArtha eka hI bAra bhoga karane meM AtA hai vaha bhoga kahalAtA hai aura jo bAra-bAra bhoga kiyA jAtA hai use upabhoga kahate haiN| bhoga aura upabhoga ke pramANa karane ko jina bhagavAn bhogopabhogaparimANa nAmaka guNavrata kahate haiM aisA jAnanA caahiye| bhogApabhogaparimANavrata ke aticAra viSayarUpI viSa kI upekSA nahI karanA arthAt Adara rakhanA, pUrvakAla meM bhoge hue viSayoM kA smaraNa rakhanA vartamAna ke viSaya bhogane meM atizaya lAlasA rakhanA, bhaviSya meM viSaya prApti kI atizaya tRSNA rakhanA aura viSaya nahIM bhogate hue bhI viSaya bhogatA hU~ aisA anubhava karanA, ye pA~ca bhogopabhoga parimANa nAmaka vrata ke aticAra hai| upasaMhAra zrAvakAcAra viSayaka saMskRta sAhitya ke anuzIlana aura anupAlana se saMskRta sAhitya kA vizAla bhaNDAra aura adhika samRddha hogA tathA samAja naitika AcaraNa ke dvArA apanA mArga prazasta kregaa| saMdarbha 1. sAgAradharmAmRta 1/15 kI svopajJa TIkA 2. zrAvakaprajJapti gAthA 3. abhidhAna rAjendra koza meM 'sAvaya' zabda abhyupetasamyaktvaH pratipannANuvrato'pi pratidivasaM ytibhyH| sakAzotsAdhUnAmA gAriNAM ca samAcArI zraNotIti shraavkH||(shraavkdhrm pra.gA.2) 'vratamabhisandhikRto niyamaH idaM kartavyamidaM na kartavyamiti vA- sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 6. saMkalpapUrvakaH sevye niymo'shubhkrmnnH| nivRttirvA vrataM syAdvA pravRtti shubhkrmnniH|| sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/80 'ebhizca digvratAdibhiruttaravrataiH saMpanno'gArI vratI bhvti|- 'aNuvrato'gArI' sUtra kA tattvArthadhigama bhASya 8. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 67 9. digdezAnadaNDanAM virtistrityaashrm| guNavratatrayaM sadibhaH sAgArayatiSu smRtm|| upAsakAdhyana, 7/414 10. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 68 11. praznottara zrAvakAcAra, 17/5 12. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 13. pIDA paapopdeshaadyaidehaadyrthaadvinaa'dd.ignaam|

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46 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 anartha daNDastattyAgo'narthadaNDavrataM mtm|| sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/6 14. abhyantaraM digavadherapArthakebhyaH saapaayogebhyH| viramaNamanarthadaNDavrataM viduvrtdhraagunnyH|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 74 15. prayojanaM vinA paapaadaanhetvnrthdnnddH| cAritrasAra (bar3auta), 16 16. praznottarazrAvakAcAra, 17/24 17. umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra, 399 18. pApopadezahiMsAdAnApadhyAnaduHzrutIH pnyc| prAhu prmaacryaamnrthdnnddaandnndddhraaH|| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 75 19. puruSArthasiddhyupAya 141-146 20. draSTavya- yatIndrasUri abhinaMdana graMtha meM 'Ajano jaina anegRhastha dharma' lekha, lekhaka pUnamacaMdanAgaradAsa jozI evaM draSTavya- yogazAstra hemacandrAcArya, 3/63-74 21. tirykleshvnnijyhiNsaarmbhlmbhnaadiinaam| kathAprasaMga prasavaH smartavya- pApa updeshH|| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 76 22. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 44 23. vidyAvANijyamaSIkRtisevAzilpajIvinAM puNsaam| pApopadezadAnaM kadAcidApi naiva vktvym|| puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 142 24. sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/7 25. cAritrasAra, pRSTha saMkhyA 17 26. parazukRpANakhanitrajvalanAyudha shrgishrRNkhlaadiinaam| vadhahetunAM dAnaM sAdAnaM bruvanti budhaaH| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 77 27. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 28. puruSArthasiddhyupAya 144 29. majjAra pahudidharaNaM, AuhalohAdivikkaNaM jaM c| lakkhA- khalAdigahaNaM aNatthadaMDo have turiyo|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 46 vadhabandhacchedAderdUSAd rAgAcca prkltraadeH| AdhyAnamapadhyAnaM zAsati jinazAsane vishdaaH|| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 78 31. paradosANa vi gahaNaM paralakSchINaM samIhaNaM jaM c| para-itthI avaloo para-kalahAlomaNaM ptthm|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 43 32. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 33. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 47 34. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 145 35. cittkaalussykRtkaamhiNsaadyrthshruttim| na duHzruti mapadhyAnaM nAtaraudrAtma caanviyaat|| sAgAradharmAmRta, 5/9 36. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 80 37. bhuukhnnvRkssmottttnddvldlnaambusecnaadiini| niSkaraNaM na kuryAddalaphalakusumoccyAnaSi c|| puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 143 38. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 39. dharmopadezapIyUSavarSazrAvakAcAra, 4/117 40. taruNAM moTanaM bhUmeH khananaM caambusecnm| phalapuSpoccayazveti pramAdAcaraNaM tyjet|| umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra. 405 41. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 146

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 42. tattvArthasUtra, 7/32 43. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 82 83 44. dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 4/16-18 45. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 90 saMkhyA buddhimAnI kI nizAnI hai zakkara mIThI hai yaha pAnI meM ghula-mila jAtI hai to apanA astitva vyApaka banA detI hai| zakkara ke mila jAne para loga kahate hai 'jala mIThA hai' para vAstavika bAta to yaha hai ki zakkara kI miThAsa hai| jaina bhI anyoM meM ghula kara unameM cupacApa madhuratA bharate rahate haiN| " AcArya vinovAbhAve, jaina bhAratI, varSa 15 aMka 16 47 - zaMkara nagara, sahAranapura (u.pra.)

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jainadharma meM varNita ahiMsA : gRhastha ke pariprekSya meM -amita kumAra jaina jainadharma ahiMsA pradhAna dharma hai| ahiMsA jainAcAra kI anivAryatA hI nahIM varan AtmA hai| kisI bhI prANI kA mana, vacana aura kAya se dila na dukhAnA, pIr3A na pahuMcAnA, usake prANoM kA ghAta na karanA ahiMsA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra rAgAdi bhAvoM kA prakaTa na honA ahiMsA hai| yaha ahiMsA kI sarvotkRSTa paribhASA hai| AcArya kArtikeya svAmI likhate haiM ki mana, vacana, kAya aura kRta-kArita-anumodanA se jIvoM kA ghAta nahIM karanA ahiMsA hai| zubhacandrAcArya jJAnArNava meM likhate haiM- vacana, mana aura zarIra se svapna meM bhI trasa-sthAvara jIvoM ke ghAta meM pravRtta nahIM honA ahiMsA hai aura saMsAra meM dharma kA lakSaNa ahiMsA ke atirikta koI dUsarA nahIM ho sktaa|' prophesara tAna yuna zAna likhate haiM ki "ahiMsA kA pavitra upadeza gaMbhIratApUrvaka suvyavasthita rUpa meM caubIsa jaina tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA diyA gayA thA, jinameM antima arthAt caubIsaveM tIrthakara vardhamAna mahAvIra kA pramukha sthAna hai| vaise ahiMsA ko agara jaina dharma kA paryAyavAcI kaheM to atizayokti nahIM hogii| ahiMsA ke mahatva ko pratipAdita karate hue DaoN. veNI prasAda ne likhA hai ki "sabase U~cA Adarza, jisakI kalpanA mAnava mastiSka kara sakatA hai, ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke siddhAMta kA jitanA vyavahAra kiyA jAyegA, utanI hI mAtrA meM sukha aura zAMti hogii| ahiMsA jahAM, sUrya samAna prakAza pradAtrI hai vahIM hiMsA, bhAdoM kI gahana aMdhiyArI rAta sI pratIta hotI hai| ahiMsA vaha adbhuta taMtu hai jo sadiyoM se bhAratIya saMskRti rUpI paTa meM samAye hue usake astitva ko kAyama kiye hue hai| yaha taMtu saMyama kI katalI se taiyAra kiyA gayA hai| Aja vizva ne ahiMsA ke sarvakalyANakArI mAhAtmya ko sarvasammati se svIkAra kara liyA hai| parantu hiMsA ke virATa svarUpa ke digdarzana hetu usake pratipakSI hiMsA kI samIkSA bhI Avazyaka hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI sukhapUrvaka jInA cAhatA hai, para viDambanA yaha hai ki jIva svArtha meM AkaMTha DUbakara svayaM to sukha cAhatA hai aura dUsare ke sukha se dveSa karatA hai| sukha, zAMti aura prema se dveSa karanA, usakA pratikAra karanA hiMsA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ke anusAra pramAda yukta mana, vacana aura kAya se sva aura para ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA hiMsA hai| zrAvaka dharma pradIpa meM hiMsA ke sasvarUpa cAra bheda prApta hote haiM- 1. udyogI hiMsA, 2. AraMbhI hiMsA, 3. virodhI hiMsA aura 4. saMkalpI hiNsaa|' isa prakAra kI hiMsA meM gRhastha (zrAvaka) gRhasthI ke dAyitvoM, dhArmikoM aura dha mAyatanoM kI sevA, surakSA evaM parivAra ke bharaNa-poSaNa hetu upayogI hiMsA, ArambhI hiMsA aura virodhI hiMsA to kartavyaparAyaNatA ke liye karatA hai (jise zucitA ke sAtha jainadha

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 49 ma meM chUTa dI gaI hai) lekina jainAgama meM saMkalpI hiMsA ke tyAga ko atIva Avazyaka mAnA hai| udyogI hiMsA gRhastha sva aura parivArajanoM evaM AzritoM ke liye roTI, kapar3A aura makAna saMbandhI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM hetu kRSi, zilpa, udyoga, vyApAra Adi AjIvikA ke sAdhanoM meM na cAhate hue bhI jo kamoveza hiMsA hotI hai, vaha udyogI hiMsA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke anusAra zrAvaka kA vyApAra, dayA aura ahiMsA se yukta honA caahie|' ArambhI hiMsA gRhastha ghara-gRhasthI ke kAryoM meM jaise rasoI pakAnA, agni jalAnA-bujhAnA, buhArI lagAnA, pAnI bharanA, vastra aura zarIra ko svaccha karanA, AvAsa banAnA, pazupAlana karanA, rogI kI paricaryA karanA aura jamIna khodanA Adi aise aparihArya kArya haiM, jinameM hiMsA hote hue bhI gRhastha ina kAryoM se nivRtta nahIM ho sktaa| sAgAradharmAmRta meM ina kAryoM ko sadA apramatta aura dayAbhAva ke sAtha satata jIva rakSA hetu sajaga rahane kA nirdeza prApta hotA hai| paNDitAcArya AzAdhara jI ke anusAra pRthivIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vanaspatikAyika ina pAMca prakAra ke ekendriya jIvoM kI pUrNarUpeNa rakSA gRhasthAzrama meM saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki makAna banAne hetu pRthivI kA khodana karanA hotA hai aura sAtha hI jala, vAyu, agni aura vanaspati kA bhI upayoga karana par3atA hai| para gRhastha kI ahiMsA isI meM samAhita hai ki vaha ina jIvoM ke anAvazyaka ghAta se bce|" virodhI hiMsA jaba koI AtatAyI hamAre zIla, nyAyapUrvaka arjita dhana aura mAtRbhUti para AkramaNa kara apane adhIna karane kI koziza karatA hai, aisI paristhiti meM ina sabakI rakSArtha jo hiMsA hotI hai vaha virodhI hiMsA hai| virodhI hiMsA gRhastha kA kartavya hai| jainadharma meM varNita gRhastha kI ahiMsA kA pAlana karate hue jaina samrATa khAravela ne DemeTriyasa ko mathurA se siMdhutaTa taka khader3akara deza ko parAdhIna hone se bacAyA thaa| jainadharma bhautika aura AdhyAtmika donoM taraha kI parAdhInatA ke viruddha rahA hai| sukhazAMti kI vRddhi ke liye, dharma mArga ko akSuNNa rakhane ke liye, ahiMsakoM ko protsAhita karane ke lie aura sadAcAra kI vRddhi ke liye duSToM kA nigraha karanA dharma hai| saMkalpI hiMsA__ maiM isakA prANAnta karU~gA yA kisI dUsare se karavAkara rahU~gA, aisI icchA se kisI jIva kA vadha karane ke liye udyata honA saMkalpI hiMsA hai| saMkalpI hiMsA gRhasthAcaraNa ke sarvathA pratikUla hai|' saMkalpapUrvaka kisI prANI ke prANoM kA haraNa nahIM karanA caahiye| jo saMkalpI hiMsA kA pUrNatayA tyAgI hotA hai, vastutaH vahI jaina Agama kI dRSTi meM saccA gRhastha hai| AtaMkavAda evaM mAMsabhakSaNa ke liye kI gaI hiMsA evaM balAtkAra jaise niMdanIya kRtya isI saMkalpI hiMsA ke aMga haiN| jAnabUjhakara, akAraNa aura durAgraha Adi se kI gayI

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50 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 hiMsA saMkalpI hiMsA hai| udyogI, AraMbhI aura virodhI hiMsA jaba apanI sImA kA ullaMghana kare taba ye saMkalpI hiMsA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| sAgAradharmAmRta ke anusAra buddhimAna manuSya ko khetI (kRSi) Adi kAryoM meM saMkalpI hiMsA ko sadaiva ke liye tyAganA cAhie, kyoMki asaMkalpa pUrvaka bahuta se jIvoM kA ghAta karane vAle kisAna kI apekSA jIvoM ko saMkalpapUrvaka mArane vAlA dhIvara apekSAkRta adhika pApI hotA hai| hemacandrAcArya ke anusAra hiMsA kA phala paMgupanA, kuSTipanA, kAnApanA Adi dekhakara buddhimAna ko niraparAdha jIva jaMtuoM kI saMkalpI hiMsA chor3anA caahie||| jaina zAstroM meM hisA ke do bheda aura milate haiM-1.dravya hiMsA, 2. bhAva hiMsA 1. bhAva hiMsA dUsaroM ke athavA svayaM ke prANaghAta kA jo vicAra AtA hai, use bhAva hiMsA kahate haiN| bhAva hiMsA se AtmIyatA evaM mAnasika zAMti bhaMga ho jAtI hai aura Antarika zucitA malina hotI hai| jAnabUjhakara kisI kI mAnasika zAMti bhaMga karanA bhAva hiMsA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ke anusAra abhimAna, bhaya, jugupsA, hAsya, rati, zoka, kAma, krodha Adi bhAva bhAvahiMsA kI paryAyeM haiN| 2. dravya hiMsA zastra, jahara, phaMdA evaM Aga Adi kisI bhI prANaghAtaka nimitta se sva aura para ke prANoM kA vyaparopaNa (haraNa) karanA dravya hiMsA hai| gRhasthAzrama meM hiMsA se bacane ke upAyagRhasthAzrama mAnava jIvana kI eka aisI avasthA hai jisameM pratyeka kArya lagabhaga hiMsA pUrNa hotA hai| lekina agara udyoga, vyApAra AtmarakSA aura mAtRbhUmi kI surakSA karate hue bhI hvadaya meM zucitA hai, uddezya meM pavitratA hai to kaThora lagane vAlA vyavahAra athavA pratyakSa meM dikhAI par3ane vAlI hiMsA bhI gRhastha kI ahiMsA khlaayegii| cIna se yuddha ke samaya zAMti senA ko udbodhana dete hue vinobA jI ne kahA thA ki "AkrAmaka ke sAmane ahiMsA vIratA nahIM kAyaratA hai|" gRhasthAvasthA meM gRhakAryoM ko karate hue hiMsA se kaise bacA jAya isa para jaina sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para saTIka varNana milatA hai| sAgAradharmAmRtakAra ke anusAra zrAvaka ko dhana kamAne aura bar3hAne ke upAya aise karanA cAhie jo chala-kapaTa se mukta aura ahiMsA se yukta ho| 'unake dvArA ahiMsAtmaka jIvana-yApana hetu kucha vyApAroM kA niSedha bhI kiyA gayA hai jo draSTavya hai- 1.vanajIvikA, 2. agnijIvikA, 3. zakaTajIvikA, 4. sphoTajIvikA, 5. bhATakajIvikA, 6. yantrapIr3ana, 7. nilAchana karma, 8. asatIpoSakarma, 9. saraHzoSa, 10. davadAna, 11. viSavANijya, 12. lAkSAvANijya, 13. dantavANijya, 14. kezavANijya aura 15. rsvaannijy| isake sAtha AzAdhara kahate haiM ki pazu-pakSiyoM ko kaSTa pahuMcAne vAle hiMsAtmaka vyApAra kA mana, vacana aura kArya se tyAga karate hue pharasA, talavAra, phAvar3A, agni, zastra, sIMga, sAMkala, viSa, kor3A, daNDa, dha nuSa Adi hiMsA ke sAdhanoM ko bhI dUsaroM ko dene kA niSedha kiyA hai| hiMsA se bacane ke

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 51 upAyoM para dRSTipAta karane huye somadeva sUri likhate haiM ki ghara ke saba kAma dekhabhAlakara karanA aura Asana, zayyA, mArga dhAnya aura jo bhI anya vastueM hai| unakA yatnAcArapUrvaka upayoga karane se anAvazyaka hiMsA se bacA jA sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI rakSArtha gRhastha ko apane khAna-pAna meM zuddhi rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isI saMdarbha meM AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM ki gRhastha ko anAvazyaka hiMsA se bacane ke liye madya, mAMsa aura madhu ke sAtha bar3a, pIpala, pAkara, Umara aura kaThUmara ina phaloM kA bhI tyAga karanA caahiye| kyoMki ina vastuoM meM atIva hiMsA hotI hai| paM. AzAdhara jI ke anusAra jIva hiMsA aura jalodara Adi rogoM kI pracuratA hone se madya, mAMsa, Adi kI taraha rAtribhojana bhI chor3anA cAhie aura vastra se chAne binA jala kA upayoga nahIM karanA caahie|" upasaMhAra__ ahiMsA dharma mAnava ke sAtha-sAtha jIvamAtra ke prati karuNA, dayA, udAratA evaM paropakAritA kA udghoSa karatA hai aura mAnavatA kA prasphuTana kara jIvana ko sahI DhaMga se jInA sikhAtA hai| jainadharma meM sAmAjika saMtulana ko pratiSThApita karane hetu zrAvakAcAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA jo gRhastha jIvana kI mAnavIya AcAra saMhitA hai| ahiMsA mAnavIya AcAra saMhitA kI AdhArazilA hai| jainadharma meM ahiMsA dharma kA ullekha zramaNa (sAdhu) aura zrAvaka (gRhastha) donoM kI apekSA se pRthak- pRthak kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAdhu ahiMsA kA sarvadezapAlana karate haiN| ata: kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA meM saMlagna nahIM hote| jabaki gRhastha anivArya hiMsA ko karate hue bhI usase nivRtta hone ke prati satata prayatnazIla rahatA hai| yazastilaka campU ke anusAra gRhastha una para hI zastra prahAra karate haiM jo zastra lekara yuddha meM mukAbalA karatA hai| dIna, durbala evaM sadbhAvanA vAle vyaktiyoM para zastra prahAra nahIM krtaa| zrAvaka dharma pradIpa ke anusAra jaise rogI kar3avI auSadhi pInA nahIM cAhatA para roga se bacAva ke liye use pInI par3atI hai, vaise hI gRhastha hiMsA se bacanA cAhatA hai para vaha padasthayogya nirvAha ke lie usase baca nahIM paataa| lekina yathAzakti soca samajhakara aura kriyAoM kA samyak rUpa se karate hue gRhastha jIvana meM ahiMsA kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA saMdarbha1. aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti| teSAmevotpattirhiseti jinAgamasya sNkssepH|| puruSArthasiddhyupAya, kArikA-44 2. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA-332 3. jJAnArNava, prakaraNa-8, zloka-7 4. vahI, zloka-30 jainazAsana se uddhRta, pRSTha 163 5. hindustAna kI purAnI sabhyatA, pRSTha 613 6. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| tattvArthasUtra, a0-7, sUtra-13

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 7. zrAvakadharmapradIpa, a0-3, zloka-93 8. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA- 331 9. sAgAradharmAmRta, a0-2, zloka-82 10. vahI, a0-4, zloka-10 11. zrAvakadharmapradIpa, a0-3, zloka-94 12. jainadharma kA sarala paricaya, pR. 125 13. zrAvakadharmapradIpa, a0-3, zloka-95 14. AraMbhe'pi sadA hiMsA sudhIH sAD.kalpikI tyjet| nato'pi karSakAduccaiH pApodhnannapi dhiivrH|| sAgAradharmAmRta, a0-2, zloka-82 15. yogazAstra, 2, 19 16. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, kArikA- 43 17. vahI, kArikA-64 18. sAgAradharmAmRta, a0-6, zloka- 15 19. a0-5, zloka-21-33 20. vahI, zloka-7 21. vahI, zloka-6 22. upAsakAdhyana, 321-22 23. madyamAMsamadhutyAgaiH shaannuvrtmnyckm| aSTaumUlaguNAnAhurgRhiNAM bhrmnnottmaaH|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, zloka-14 6raagjiivbdhaapaaybhuuystvaattdvdutsRjet| rAtribhaktaM tathA yujyaanpaaniiymgaalitm|| sAgAradharmAmRta, a0-2, zloka-66 24. yazastilaka campU, uttarakhaNDa, AzvAsa-4, zloka-55 25. zrAvakadharmapradIpa, a0-3, zloka-96 saMskRta vidyA evaM dharma vijJAna saMkAya ___ kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI- 221 001(u.pra.)

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vaidika AcAra aura jaina AcAra -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina AcAra zabda kI vyutpatti ___ AcAra zabda 'A' upasarga pUrvaka 'car' dhAtu se 'dhaJ' pratyaya kA niSpanna rUpa hai| koza ke anusAra AcaraNa, vyavahAra, cAlacalana kartavya Adi AcAra zabda ke artha haiN| 'Acaryate yaH sa AcAraH' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra pratyeka kI jAne vAlI kriyA ko AcAra kahA jA sakatA hai kintu zAstrIya paribhASA ke anusAra mAnava ke vyavahAra kI utkRSTatA kA nAma AcAra hai| prANI mAtra meM AhAra, nidrA, bhaya evaM maithuna kI samAnatA hone para bhI jo tattva mAnava ko anya prANiyoM se utkRSTa siddha karatA hai, usakA nAma AcAra hai| AcAra zabda meM prayukta 'car' dhAtu vyAkaraNa meM do arthoM meM prayukta hotI hai- gati aura bhkssnn| ina donoM arthoM meM jo gati artha hai usake gamana, jJAna aura prApti ye tIna artha hote haiN| phalataH AcAra kA tAttvika artha huA ki jo khAne ke lie gati karatA hai vaha pazu hai tathA jo jJAna evaM mukti prApti ke nimitta bhakSaNa karatA hai, vaha manuSya hai| vedoM meM 'car' dhAtu kA AcAra ke saMbandha meM prayoga karate hue kahA gayA hai karaNIya kA vidhAna aura akaraNIya karma kA niSedha AcAra kA viSaya hai| yathA 'nakirdevA minImasi nakirA yopayAmasi manyazrutyaM craamsi| na to hama hiMsA karate hai, na phUTa DAlate hai; hama to maMtra ke anusAra AcaraNa karate haiN| __ "svasti panthAnamanu carema suuryaacndrmsaaviv| punardadatAdhnatA jAnatA saM gmemhi|| hama sUrya aura candramA ke samAna kalyANa ke patha kA anusaraNa kareM, bAra-bAra dAnI, ahiMsaka aura jJAnI ke sAtha saMgati kareM manusmRti meM AcAra zabda ko sadAcAra kA dyotaka mAnate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa deza meM jo AcAra paraMparAgata hai, unakA vaha AcAra sadAcAra kahalAtA hai 'tasmin deze ya AcAra: paarmprykrmaagtH| varNanAM varNAnAM sAntarAlAnAM sa sadAcAra ucyte|| jaina paraMparA meM bhI AcAra ko sadAcAra ke artha meM hI prayukta kiyA gayA hai tathA AcAra evaM vicAra ko anyonyAzrita mAnakara AcAra ke mUla ahiMsA aura vicAra ke mUla meM anekAnta ko rakhA gayA hai| anya bhAratIya paraMparAoM kI taraha jaina paraMparA meM bhI AcAra ko dharma tathA vicAra ko darzana kahA gayA hai aura donoM ko paraspara pUraka mAnakara darzana rahita dharma (AcaraNa) ko andhA tathA AcAra rahita vicAra ko paMgu kahA gayA hai|'

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 paM. AzAdhara jI ne sAgAradharmAmRta meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki apanI zakti ke anusAra nirmala kiye gaye samyagdarzana Adi meM jo prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, use AcAra kahate haiN|' AcAra kA mahattva vaidika paraparA meM AcAra mahattva kA pratipAdana karate hue spaSTa ghoSaNA kI gaI hai ki AcArahIna vyakti ko veda bhI pavitra nahIM kara sakate haiM 'AcArahInaM na punanti vedaaH|7 jo AcAra nahIM samajhatA hai, vaidika RcA usakA kyA kalyANa kara sakatI hai "yastanna veda kimacA krissyti| AcAra hI parama dharma hai- 'AcAraH paramo dhrm:|' AcAra ke pramukha tattva / AcAravAn vyakti ke lie vaidika paraMparA meM sadgRhastha evaM jaina paraMparA meM zrAvaka yA upAsaka zabda kA prAyaH prayoga kiyA gayA hai| AcAra ke pramukha tattvoM meM donoM hI paraMparAoM meM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha (sarvasukha kAmanA) jaise vratoM ko pratiSThA milI hai, bhale hI donoM paraMparAoM meM vyAvahArika rupa se paryApta bheda dRSTigocara hotA hai evaM zAstrIya vivecanA meM bhI antara hai| vyasanoM ke tyAga evaM dAna ko bhI eka sadgRhastha ke lie donoM paraMparAyeM Avazyaka mAnatI haiN| (ka) paJcavratapAlana- pravRtti evaM nivRttirUpa vrata pAMca hai- ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aprigrh| (1) ahiMsA- kisI prANI ko mana, vacana, kAya, karma se pIr3A na denA ahiMsA hai| jo vyakti isako AcAraNa meM lAtA hai, vaha ahiMsaka kahalAtA hai| vedoM meM ahiMsA ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| katipaya ullekha draSTavya haiM yannUnamazyAM gatiM mitrasya pApAM pthaa| asya priyasya zarmaNyahiMsAnasya sshcire||10 ahiMsaka priya mitra kI zaraNa meM rahakara zreSTha jIvana pAte haiN| maiM bhI ahiMsaka mitra ke mArga para cluuN| jIvana meM kabhI bhI hiMsaka vyakti ke mArga para na cluuN| yo naH kazcid ririkSati rakSastvena mrtyH| svaiH pva evai ririssiissttyurjnH||11 jo rAkSasI Adata ke kAraNa hiMsA karanA cAhatA hai, vaha apane karmoM se svayaM hI mArA jAtA hai| mA hiMsIstanvAH prjaaH| mA hiMsI: purussm| idaM mA hiMsI: dvipAdaM pshum| azvaM mA hiNsiiH| aviM mA hiNsii| ghRtaM duhAnAmaditiM janAya mA hiNsiiH|12 apane zarIra se prajA ko mata maaro| manuSya kI hiMsA mata kro| dupAye manuSya aura pazu ko mata maaro| ghor3e ko mata maaro| bher3a Una detI hai, use mata maaro| loge ke lie gAya dUdha

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 detI hai, use mata maaro| hiMsA ke do kAraNa haiM- svArtha aura vidvess| atharvaveda meM bhI sthAna-sthAna para pramAda evaM vidveSa na karane kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| yathAmA jIvebhyaH prmdH|13 jIvoM se pramAda mata kro|) sahRdayaM sAmanasyamavidveSaM kRNomi vH| anyo anyamabhiharyata vatsaM jaatmivaaghnyaa||14 (maiM tumhAre samAna hradaya, samAna prItiyukta mana tathA avidveSa bhAva ko sthApita karatA huuN| tuma eka dUsare se aise pyAra karo jaise gAya navajAta bachar3e ko pyAra karatI hai| uparyukta saMdarbho meM spaSTa hai ki vedoM kI mUla bhAvanA ahiMsAmaya sukha zAMti kI hI hai| vahAM jahAM rAkSasoM kI hiMsA kA bhI kathana hai, vaha sukha-zAnti kI sthApanA ke lie virodhI hiMsA samajhanA caahie| jaina dharma kI to AdhArazilA hI ahiMsA hai| vahA~ ahiMsA kA kSetra atyanta vistRta hai| jainAcAra meM pramAda ke yoga se sva-para ke prANoM ke pIr3ana ko hiMsA mAnA gayA hai'pramattayogAtprANavyaparopaNaM hiNsaa| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne eka sadgRhastha kI ahiMsA kA varNana karate hue likhA hai saMkalpAt kRtakAritamananAd yogatrayasya crsttvaan| na hinasti yattadAhuH sthUlavadhAd viramaNaM nipunnH||16 mana, vacana, kAya ke saMkalpa se aura kRta, kArita, anumodana se trasa jIvoM ko jo nahIM mAratA, vaha sthUla hiMsA se virakta hotA hai| arthAt hiMsANuvrata yA eka sadagRhastha kI ahiMsA hai| hiMsA cAra prakAra kI kahI gaI hai- saMkalpI, udyogI, AraMbhI aura virodhii| binA kisI uddezya ke saMkalpa pramAda se hI jAne vAlI hiMsA saMkalpI hai| eka jaina gRhastha caturvidha hiMsA meM se saMkalpI hiMsA kA niyama se tyAga karatA hai| zeSa hiMsakoM ko vaha hiMsA rUpa to samajhAtA hai, kintu unase baca nahIM pAtA hai| sAgAradharmAmRta meM kahA gayA hai AraMbhe'pi sadA hiMsAM sudhI: sAMkAlpikI tyjet| dhvato'pi karNakAduccaiH pApo'nannapi dhiivrH||17 buddhimAna manuSya AraMbha meM bhI saMkalpI hiMsA ko sadA tyAga de| kyoMki asaMkalpa pUrvaka jIvoM ko ghAta karane vAle kisAna se saMkalpa karake jIvoM kA ghAta na hone para bhI dhIvara adhika pAyI hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne hiMsaka puruSa ke nispRhatA, mahattA, nirAzatA, duSkara tapa, kAyakleza evaM dAna Adi sabhI dharmakAryoM ko vyartha mAnA hai| manusmRti meM 'yajJArtha pazavaH sRSTAH svayameva svyNbhuvaa| kahakara jahAM yAjJika hiMsA ko pApa nahIM mAnA hai, vahAM jainAcAra kisI bhI taraha kI hiMsA ko apAyarUpa nahIM mAnatA hai| 2. satya- satya ko sabhI bhAratIya saMskRtiyoM meM mAnava jIvana kA prazastatama guNa mAnA

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56 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 gayA hai| satya zabda sat se niSpanna hone ke kAraNa mUlataH sattA vAlA yA vAstavika artha kA vAcaka hai| Rgveda ke aneka sthaloM para satya kA isI rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| yathAsa kilAsi styH| (vaha tU vAstavika hai|) marutAM mahimA satyo asti| (marut devoM kI mahimA vAstavika hai|) tyorytstym| (una donoM meM jo saccA hai|) tvaM satya indrH| ( he indra tuma sacce ho|) zatAdhika sthAnoM para vedoM meM satya zabda kA prayoga satya kI mahattA kA kathana karane meM samartha hai| vedoM meM Rta zabda kA prayoga satya ke lie tathA anRta zabda kA prayoga asatya ke lie kiyA gayA hai, jo jainAcAra meM bhI hai| vaidika paraMparA ke AcArya zAkaTAyana ke vicAra meM satya vaha hai jo vartamAna padArtha kA tAttvika bodha kraaye| yAska ke anusAra 'satsu tAyate satprabhavaM bhavatIti vA25 arthAt jo sajjanoM meM vistAra ko prApta hotA hai, jo sajjanoM meM prakaTa hotA hai vaha satya hai| vidura ke anusAra chala rahita vacana satya hai___to kullaka bhaTTa kahate haiM ki jaisA dekhA sunA ho vaisA yathArtha kahanA satya hai- 'yathA dRSTaM zrutaM tattvaM bruuyaat| vedoM meM satya kI bahuzaH prazaMsA kI gaI hai| atharvaveda meM satya para bala dete hue kahA gayA hai ki prANa satyavAdI ko uttama loka meM sthApita karate haiM kintu asatyavAdI ko varuNa ke pAza bAMdha lete haiN| jainAcAra meM satya kA sAmAnya kathana karate hue kahA gayA hai-' satsu prazasteSu janeSu sAdhu vacanaM satyamityucyate" acche puruSoM ke sAtha sAdhu vacana bolanA satya hai| eka zrAvaka yA sadgRhastha ke satya kA vivecana karate hue AcArya samanbhadra svAmI kahate haiM sthUlamalIkaM na vadati na parAnvAdayati satyamapi vipde| yattadvadanti santaH sthuulmRssaavaadvairmnnm||31 zrAvaka sthUla jhUTha na to svayaM bole, na dUsaroM se bulavAve tathA jisa vacana se vipatti AtI ho aisA vacana yathArtha bhI khe| satpuruSa ise gRhastha kA satya kahate haiN| isameM 'satyaM brUyAt priyaM brUyAt na bruuyaatstympriym| priyaM ca nAnRtaM brUyAdeSadharmo snaatnH|| kI bhAvanA yathAvat prakaTIkRta hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne satya kA mAhAtmya batAte hue kahA hai ki satya vrata zruta evaM niyamoM kA sthAna hai, vidyA aura vinaya kA bhUSaNa hai tathA samyagjJAna evaM samyakcAritra utpanna karane kA kAraNa hai Rgveda meM 'sA mA satyoktiH paripAtu vizvata: kahakara satya ko vizva kA rakSaka pratipAdita karate hue usakI mahattA kA gAna kiyA gayA hai| 3. asteya yA acaurya- Rgveda meM corI ke prati ghRNA kA bhAva vyakta karate hue cora ko daNDita karane kA anekatra ullekha hai| katipaya sthala draSTavya haiM uta staina vastramathiM na tAyumanu kozAnti kSitayo bhressu|34 (vastraharaNa karane vAle zarIra ko dekhakara loga cItkAra karate haiM) stenaM vddhmivaadite|35 (vaha cora ko

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 bAMdhakara daNDa pradAna karatA hai|) yajurveda meM to spaSTa rUpa se cora ko hiMsaka ghoSita karate hue agnideva se unheM naSTa karane kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| vividha smRtiyoM meM coroM ko kI gaI daNDa vyavasthA se sahaja hI vaidikAcAra meM corI ko pApa evaM asteya yA acaurya ko vrata mAnane kI paraMparA kA saMketa milatA hai| jainAcAra meM adatta vastu ko grahaNa karanA corI kahA gayA hai- 'adattAdAnaM steym|'37 isameM pramAda kA yoga rahatA hai| corI karane ke upAya batalAnA, corI kA mAla kharIdanA, rAjya ke niyamoM ke viruddha kara Adi bacAnA, mApa-taula ko kamatI-baDhatI rakhanA aura adhi ka mUlya kI vastu meM kama mUlya kI vastu ko milAnA ko acaurya ke doSa kahaka' - jainAcAra meM bhAratIya daNDa saMhitA bhI prAyaH sabhI dhArAoM kA samAveza svata: hI ho gayA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM to yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA hai ki suara kA ghAta karane vAlA, mRga Adi ko pakar3ane vAlA aura parastrI gamana karane vAlA, inase bhI cora adhika pApI hai| acaurya vrata se saMyama kI vRddhi hotI hai| 4. brahmacarya- eka gRhastha kI pUrNatA vaivAhika jIvana se hotI hai| Rgveda ke sUryAsUkta meM vara kanyA kA kara grahaNa karate hue kahatA hai ki maiM saubhAgya ke lie terA hAtha grahaNa karatA huuN| tU mere sAtha vRddhAvasthA ko prApta kre| tU gArhapatya karma arthAt dharmasAdhanA ke lie pradAna kI gaI hai| vivAha saMpanna ho jAne para sabhI upasthita jana vara vadhU ko AzIrvAda dete haiM ihaiva staM mA viyauSTaM vishvmaayurvyshnutm| krIDantau putrairnaptRbhirmodamAnau sve gRhe||1 tuma donoM yahIM raho, kabhI viyukta na ho, putroM evaM prapautroM ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue apane ghara meM prasanna rahate hue pUrNa Ayu ko prApta kro| atharvaveda meM patnI kI yaha hArdika icchA prakaTa kI gaI hai ki tuma kevala mere ho anya striyoM kI carcA bhI mata kro|' isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki svapatnI saMtoSa yA svapatisaMtoSa ko gRhastha kA brahmacarya vrata mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAra meM bhI brahmacaryANuvrata meM yahI bhAvanA vizadatA se abhivyakta hotI hai| jainAcAra meM adhyAtmamArga meM brahmacarya ko sabase pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| nizcaya se to brahma yA AtmA meM ramaNatA hI brahmacarya hai, kintu vyavahAra meM parastriyoM ke prati rAga rUpa pariNAmoM kA tyAga karanA brahmacarya hai|43 gRhastha ke brahmacaryANuvrata kA kathana karate hue AcArya samantabhadra svAmI kA kathana hai ki jo pApa ke bhaya se na to svayaM parastrI ke prati gamana kare na dUsaroM ko gamana karAve vaha brahmacarya aNuvrata hai|" syAdvAdamaMjarI meM vaidika paraMparA kA eka zloka uddhRta karate hue kahA gayA hai ekarAtrauSitasyApi yA gtibrhmcaarinnH| na sA kratusahasreNa prAptu zakyA yudhisstthir!||5

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 arthAt eka rAta ke brahmacarya se rahane vAle puruSa ko jo uttama gati milatI hai, vaha gati hajAroM yajJa karane vAloM ko bhI nahIM milatI hai| yaha kathana donoM paraMparAoM meM brahmacarya kI mahattA siddha karane meM paryApta hai| 5. aparigraha (parigraha parimANa) banAma sarvasukha kI kAmanA- jainAcAra ke aparigrahavAda meM jahAM sAdhu kI nirvANa prApti kA bhAva nihita hai, vahAM zrAvaka meM sarvasukha kI bhAvanA chipI huI hai| Rgveda ke 'saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jAnatAm' (tumhArI saMgati samAna ho, tumhArI vANI ke kathana meM samAnatA ho, tumhAre mana meM vicAra samAna hoM) meM sarvasukha kI bhAvanA dRSTigocara hotI hai| yadyapi vedoM meM saMpUrNa parigraha varga kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie jarUrata se adhika vastuoM ke asaMgraha kA vidhAna avazya kiyA gayA hai| jabaki jainAcAra meM parimANa kA vidhAna karate hue kahA gayA hai ki lobha kaSAya ko kama karake, saMtoSa rUpI rasAyana se saMtuSTa hotA huA, sabako vinazvara jAnakara dRSTa tRSNA ko ghAta karatA hai aura apanI AvazyakatA ko jAnakara dhanya-dhAnya, suvarNa kSetra kA parimANa karatA hai, vaha parigraha parimANa aNavata hai| (kha) saptavyasanatyAga jo puruSa ko samIcIna mArga chor3akara kutsita mArga meM pravRtti karAte hai|, unheM vyasana kahA jAtA hai| vyasana zabda yahAM burI Adata kA pratIka hai| zrI padmanandi AcArya ne likhA 'dyuutmaaNssuraaveshyaakhettcaurypraaNgnaa| mahApApAni sapteti vyasanAni tyjedbudhH||47 arthAt juA khelanA, mAMsa khAnA, madirA pInA, vezyAgamana karanA, zikAra karanA, corI karanA tathA parastrI sevana karanA ye sAta vyasana haiN| buddhimAn vyakti ko inakA tyAga kara denA caahie| 1. dyUta- Rgveda meM juArI ke parivAra kA citraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki juArI ke mAtA-pitA, bhAI bhI usake viSaya meM kahate haiM ki hama ise nahIM jAnate haiM, ise bAMdha kara le jaao| akSasUkta meM juArI kI vividha durdazAoM kA varNana karate hue anta meM kahA gayA hai ki juA mata khelo, khetI kro| jaina paraMparA meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa kriyA meM pAse Adi DAlakara dhana kI hAra jIta hotI hai, vaha saba juA kahalAtA hai| vividha zrAvakAcAroM meM juA kI paryApta nindA kI gaI hai| AcArya amRtacandra svAmI ke anusAra juA saba anarthoM meM pramukha hai 'sarvAnarthaprathamaM mathanaM zaucasya sadya maayaayaaH| dUrAtpariharaNIyaM cauryAsatyAspadaM dyuutm||51 arthAt sabhI vyasanoM meM pramukha, pavitratA yA saMtoSa kA nAzaka, chalakapaTa kA ghara tathA corI evaM asatya kA sthAna aise juA ko dUra se hI tyAga denA caahie| paNDitapravara AzAdha ra to 'kva svaM kSipati nAnarthe 52 kahakara juA ko sabhI anarthoM meM DAlane vAlA kahA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 2. mAMsa- yajurveda meM vidhyAtmaka ahiMsA ke sAtha niSedhAtmaka hiMsA ke vivecana se mAMsabhakSaNa ko durvyasana ke rUpa meM dekhane kA saMketa milatA hai| 'azvaM mA hiMsI:53 'mA hiMsIrekazaphaM pazuM54 aviM mA hiMsI:55, 'idamurNAyu mA hiMsI:56 'dhRtaM duhAnAmaditiM janAya mA hiMsI:57 kathanoM meM azva, ekazapha pazu, bakarI, bher3a, gAya ko mArane ke niSedha tmki ukta kathana yaha spaSTa karate haiM ki vedoM meM mAMsabhakSaNa ko burA evaM tyAjya mAnA gayA jainAcAra ke pramukha graMtha puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki prANiyoM ke ghAta ke binA mAMsa kI utpatti nahI ho sakatI hai, isalie mAMsabhakSI ko anivArya hiMsA hotI hai| svayaM mare hue bhaiMsa, baila Adi jIvoM kI hiMsA vahAM pAI jAtI hai, kyoMki tadAzrita ananta nigodiyA jIvoM kI hiMsA vahAM pAI jAtI hai| kaccI, agni meM pakI yA paka rahI sabhI mAMsapeziyoM meM usI jAti ke ananta nigodiyA jIva prati samaya utpanna hote rahate haiM, isalie unako khAne vAlA una karor3oM jIvoM kA ghAta karatA hai| 3. surApAna- Rgveda meM surA pIne vAloM kI nindA karate hue kahA gayA hai- hRtsu pItAso yudhyante durmadAso na suraayaam| Udharna nagnA jrnte|" arthAt surA kA pAna karane vAle madamasta hokara lar3ate haiM aura naMge hokara bakate haiN| puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM kahA gayA hai ki madirA mana ko mohita karatI hai, mohitacitta dharma ko bhUla jAtA hai tathA vismRtadharmI hiMsA kA AcaraNa karatA hai| madirA ekendriyAdi jIvoM kI yonibhUta hai| madyapAyI hiMsA avazya karatA hai| hiMsA ke sabhI prakAra madya ke nikaTavartI hI haiN| 4. vezyAgamana- vedoM meM vezyAgamana evaM parastrIsevana ko pRthak-pRthak na ginakara eka vyabhicAra meM hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai tathA isa prasaMga meM sevikA ke svAmI se jAra karma karAne kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai ki vyabhicAriNI sevikA jAra karma to karAtI hai kintu usase vaMza vRddhi nahIM cAhatI hai| vasunandizrAvakAcAra meM vezyAgamana karane vAle kI niMdA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo manuSya eka rAta bhI vezyAgamana karatA hai, vaha sabakI jUThana khAtA hai| kyoMki vaha sabake sAtha samAgama karatI hai| vezyA puruSa kA sarvasva hara letI hai,use asthicarmazeSa karake chor3a detI hai| vaha sAmane to prema pradarzita karatI hai, khuzAmadI karatI hai kintu anta meM dhanApaharaNa kA bhAva rahatA hai| vezyAgAmI kAmAndha hokara vezyAkRta apamAnoM ko sahana karatA hai| vezyAsevanajanita pApa se jIva bhayAnaka duHkhoM ko prApta karatA hai| isalie mana, vacana, kAya se preraNA kA sarvathA tyAga kara denA caahie|62 5. zikAra- sabhI sabhya samAjoM meM AcAra kI prazaMsA evaM anAcAra kI niMdA kI jAtI hai| yadyapi vedoM meM zikAra kI prazaMsA yA niMdA ke prasaMga nahIM hai kintu paravartI sAhitya meM zikAra kI prazaMsA bhI gaI hai aura niMdA bhii| abhijJAnazAkuntala meM kAlidAsa eka ora senApati ke mukha se zikAra khelane ke guNa ginAte haiM to dUsarI ora narmasaciva vidUSaka ke mukha se zikAra kI niMdA karate haiN| jainAcAra meM zikAra ko sapta vyasanoM meM parigaNita karake usakI bahuzaH niMdA kI gaI hai| ise niSprayojana pApa mAnA gayA hai|64 lATIsaMhitAkAra

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60 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kA kahanA hai ki zikAra khelane meM aneka prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane ke pariNAma hote haiM, bhale hI zikAra kI prApti ho yA na ho| ataH zikAra khelane meM sAdhanarUpa sabhI kAryoM kA tyAga kara denA caahie|65 6. corI- vedoM meM corI kI paryApta niMdA kI gaI hai| taittirIya saMhitA' meM tIna prakAra ke coroM kA varNana hai stena- gupta rUpa se corI karane vaale| taskara- prakaTa rUpa se corI karane vaale| malimlu- atyanta prakaTa rUpa se DAkA DAlane vaale| yajurveda meM bhI inakA varNana huA hai| corI ko bure AcAra meM ginakara isakI niMdA kI gaI hai| jainAcAra meM corI ko durvyasana mAnA gayA hai tathA isakI jamakara niMdA kI gaI hai| asteya ke prasaMga meM corI kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| 7. parastrI- veda meM parastrI sevana tathA durAcAriNI striyoM kI niMdA kI gaI hai| kurala kAvya meM parastrI sevana kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai ki varamanyatkRtaM pApamaparAdho'pi vA vrm| paraM na sAdhvI tvatpakSe kAMkSitA prtiveshinii||8| arthAt tuma bhale hI koI bhI aparAdha yA dUsarA koI bhI pApa kara lo, vaha acchA ho sakatA hai, parantu tumhAre pakSa meM par3osI sAdhvI strI kI cAha acchI nahI hai| ina sAta vyasanoM kA varNana prakArAntara se vedoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai ki RSiyoM ne jina sAta maryAdAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, unameM se eka ko bhI prApta hone vAlA mAnava pApI hotA hai| AcArya yAska ne inakA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai steyaM tallapArohaNaM brahmahatyA bhrUNahatyA suraapaanm| duSkRtasya karmaNaH punaH punaH sevA paatke'nRtodymiti|| corI, vyabhicAra, brahmahatyA, bhrUNahatyA, surApAna, duSTa karma kA punaH punaH sevana tathA pApakarma meM jhUTha bolanA ye sAta maryAdA-burI Adate haiN| (ga) dAna dAna denA mAnava kA Avazyaka kRtya mAnA gayA hai| vedoM meM dAna kI khUba prazaMsA kI gaI hai| katipaya saMdarbha draSTavya haiM 'sa id bhojo yo gRhave dadAtyannakAmAya carate kRshaay| (jo anna cAhane vAle kamajora vyakti ko anna detA hai, vaha dAnI hai|) udAra dAtA kabhI bhI mRtyu ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| dIna-hIna dazA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai tathA hAni evaM pIDA ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| 'tena tyaktena bhuMjIthA mA gRdhH| (tyAgapUrvaka upabhoga karo, lAlaca mata karo) 'zatahastaM samAhara, sahasrahastaM sNkir'| (tuma sau hAthoM vAle hokara dhana prApta karo tathA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 61 hajAra hAthoM vAle hokara dAna do|) vedoM meM kahA gayA hai ki dAna se aizvarya kI prApti hotI hai, diyA gayA dAna kabhI vyartha nahIM jAtA hai| adAnI ko zoka prApta hotA hai| jainAcAra meM zrAvaka ke SaT AvazyakoM meM dAna kA sarvAtizAyI mahatva hai| apane tathA dUsaroM ke upakAra ke lie apanI vastu kA denA dAna hai| vidhi, dravya, dAtA tathA pAtra kI vizeSatA se dAna meM vizeSatA AtI hai| dAna ke mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra haiM- auSadhajJAna, abhaya aura aahaar| (gha) jalagAlana manusmRti meM 'vastrapUtaM jalaM pibet kahakara chAnakara jala pIne kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| liMgapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki saMvatsareNa yatpApaM kurute mtsyvedhkH| ekAhena tadApnoti apuutjlsNgrhii||9 arthAt machalImAra eka varSa meM jitanA pApa karatA hai, utanA pApa binA chane jala kA upayoga karane vAlA eka dina meM kara letA hai| jainAcAra meM ahiMsA vrata ke paripAlana evaM jIva dayA kI bhAvanA se jala chAnane kI kriyA ko zrAvaka kA Avazyaka cinha mAnA gayA hai| chane hue jala kI maryAdA eka muhUrta, garma jala kI maryAdA chaH ghaNTA, ubale jala kI maryAdA dina-rAta taka mAnI gaI hai| (Da.) rAtri bhojanatyAga prAcIna kAla meM vaidika paraMparA meM bhI rAtri bhojana tyAga kI vyavasthA thI- aisA katipaya ullekhoM se patA calatA hai| anekatra mahAbhArata ke nAma se prApta eka zloka meM naraka ke jina cAra dvAroM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai, unameM eka rAtribhojana bhI hai| yathA narakadvArANi catvAri prathamaM raatribhojnm| parastrIgamanaM caiva sndhaanaanntkaapike| eka anya zloka meM mArkaNDeya maharSi ke anusAra rAtri meM jala pIne ko rudhirapAna ke samAna tathA annabharaNa ko mAMsabhakSaNa ke samAna kahA gayA hai 'astaMgate divAnAthe ApaH rudhirmucyte| annaM mAMsasamaM proktaM maarknnddeymhrssinnaa|| jainAcAra meM rAtri bhojana kA sarvathA niSeSa hai| kintu yadi koI gRhastha rAtri bhojana ko pUrI taraha tyAga karane meM asamartha ho to use pAnI, davA, dUdha Adi kI chUTa rakhakara sthUla AhAra kA to tyAga kara hI denA caahie|' (ca) madhutyAga madhu (zahada) yadyapi phUloM se saMcita unakA rasa hai kintu isameM madhumakkhiyoM kA mRta zarIra, unake aNDe evaM bhrUNoM kA mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai| madhumakkhiyoM kA mala-mUtra evaM lAra

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kA bhI mizraNa rahatA hai| ataeva jainAcAra meM madhu ko mAMsa, madirA ke hI samAna tyAjya mAnA gayA hai| isakI tyAjyatA kA sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM kathana pAyA jAtA hai| yogasAra meM kahA gayA hai bahujIvapraghAtotthaM bhujiivodbhaaraaspdm| asaMyamavibhItena tredhA madhvapi vrjyt||2 arthAtsaMyama kI rakSA karane vAloM ko bahujIva ghAta se utpanna tathA bahuta jIvoM kI utpatti sthAna rUpa madhu (zahada) kA mana, vacana, kAya se tyAga kara denA caahie| isake tyAga ko jaina zrAvaka kA eka mUlaguNa mAnA hai, jabaki vaidika sAhitya meM prAyaH madhu ko sevya mAnA gayA hai| (cha) paMca udumbaraphala tyAga jo vRkSakASTha ko bhedakara phalate haiM, unheM udumbara phala kahA gayA hai| ye pAMca haiM- bar3a, pIpala, Umara (gUlara), kaThUmara (aMjIra) aura plakSa (paakr)| inakA kSIraphala ke nAma se vaidika paraMparA meM ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, kintu vahAM pAkara (plakSa) ke sthAna para mahuA (madhUka) kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| jainAcAra meM ina phaloM ko tyAjya mAnA hai| 5 adhikAMza AcArya evaM vidvAn paJcANuvrata ke sthAna para aSTa mUlaguNoM meM inakA samAveza karate haiN|' AcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai 'yonirudumbarayugmaM plkssnygrodhpipplphlaani| trasajIvAnAM tasmAtteSAM tadbhakSaNe hiMsA arthAt Umara, kaThUmara, pAkara (pilakhana), bar3a evaM pIpala ke phala trasa jIvoM kI yoni arthAt utpattisthAna haiN| isa kAraNa inake bhakSaNa meM trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| niSkarSa uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hotA hai ki vaidika AcAra aura jaina AcAra meM gRhastha ke lie kahe gaye katipaya sAmAnya niyamoM meM sthUla rUpa se samAnatA hai| hA~, aneka viSayoM meM asamAnatA bhI hai kintu yadi samAnatA ke pakSa ko ujAgara kiyA jAye to sAmAjika saumanasya banegA tathA isase dharmAtmAoM ke lie dharmapAlana meM anukUlatA kA hI anubhava hogaa| saMdarbha 1. cara gatyarthaH bhakSaNe c| - pANinIya dhAtupATha, bhvAdigaNa pR.12 2. Rgveda 103134.7 3. vahI 5.51.15 manusmRti, 2/18 5. draSTavya- jaina dharma aura darzana pR. 249 6. sAgAradharmAmRta, 7/35 7. viduranIti 3/42 kI TIkA 8. Rgveda, 1.164.39

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 9. munasmRti 4/108 10. Rgveda, 5.64.3 11. vahI, 8. 18. 13 12. yajurveda, 12/13, 16/3, 13/47, 13/43, 13/50, 13/49 13. atharvaveda, 8.1.7 14. vahI, 3.10.1 15. tattvArthasUtra 7/13 16. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 53 17. sAgAradharmAmRta 2/82 18. jJAnArNava 8/20 19. manusmRti 5/19 20. Rgveda, 2.12.15 21. Rgveda, 1. 167.7 22. Rgveda, 7. 104.12 23. Rgveda, 1. 63.3 24. satyamarthamAyayati pratyAyati gamayati satyama-li0 1.4.13 para brahmamuni kI TIkA 25. nirukta, 3/13 26. sarvArthasiddhi 9/6 27. viduranIti, 3/58 28. manusmRti 4/138 kI TIkA 29. prANo ha satyavAdina muttame loke aaddhaat| atharvaveda, 11.4.11, atharvaveda, 4.16.6 30. chinantu sarve anRtaM vdntm| 31. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 55 32. jJAnArNava, 9/27, 29 33. Rgveda, 10.37.2 34. vahI, 4.38.5 35. vahI, 8. 67. 14 36. yajurveda, 11/79 37. tattvArthasUtra, 7/15 38. tattvArthasUtra, 7/27 39. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 984 40. Rgveda, 10. 85.36 41. vahI, 10. 85.42 42. atharvaveda, 7.38.4 43. draSTavya- bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 80 44. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra 59 45. syAdvAdamaMjarI pRSTha 277 para uddhRta 46. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 339-340 47. padmanandipaJcaviMzatikA, 1/16 48. Rgveda 10.34.4 (pitA mAtA bhrAtara enamAhurna jAnIo nayatA bddhmetm|) 49. vahI, 10. 34. 13 (akSarmA dIvyaH kRSimit kRsssv|) 50. lATIsaMhitA, 2/114

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 51. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 146 52. sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/17 53. yajurveda, 16/3 54. vahI, 13/48 55. vahI, 13/43 56. vahI, 13/50 57. vahI, 13/49 58. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 65-58 59. Rgveda,, 8.2.12 60. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 62-64 61. draSTavya- yajurveda, 30/1, 23/30 aadi| 62. vasunandizrAvakAcAra, 88-93 63. draSTavya- abhijJajJana zAkantula kA prathama aMka 64. lATI saMhitA, 2/139 65. vahI, 2/144-145 66. taittirIya saMhitA 4.1.10 kI sAyaNAcAryakRta vyaakhyaa| (stenA guptacaurA: taskarA: prakaTacaurAH atiprakaTA nirbhayA grAmeSu vatditkarA mamiktuka) 67. yajurveda 11/77-78 68. kuralakAvya, 15/10 69. sapta maryAdAH kavayastatakSustAsAmekAmidabhyaMhuro gaat|- Rgveda, 10.5.6 70. yAskakRta niruk6/27 71. Rgveda, 10.117.3 72. vahI, 10.107.8 73. yajurveda 40.1 74. atharvaveda 3.24.5 75, draSTavya-Rgveda, meM AcAra sAmagrI, pR. 96-114 76. tattvArthasUtra, 7/38,39 77. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 117 78. manusmRti, 6/46 79. liMgapurANa, 202 80. vratavidhAnasaMgraha, pRSTha 31 81. sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/76 82. yogasAra, 8/82 83. mahAbhArata zAntiparva15(jainadharma kI maulika vizeSatAyeM dvitIya saMskaraNa pR.61 se uddhRta) 84. draSTavya- saMskRta hindI koza (ApTe), kSIravRkSa 85. draSTavya- puruSArthasiddhyupAya 61, upAsakAdhyayana 255, sAgAradharmAmRta 2/2, lATIsaMhitA, 1/7 sAvayadhammadohA 22, padmanandizrAvakAcAra, 3/6 ratnamAlA 19, AdipurANa 38/22 86. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 72 adhyakSa- saMskRta vibhAga esa. DI. kAleja mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)

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svarUpa saMbodhana meM AtmA kA vidhi-niSedha aura mUrtatva-amUrtatva -pro. kamalezakumAra jaina samasta bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke sAtha hI pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne bhI dravya athavA padArtha ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai- jar3a aura cetana athavA jIva aura ajiiv| vastutaH ina do ke atirikta tInoM lokoM meM aura kucha bhI nahIM hai aura yadi kucha hai to ve sabhI ina donoM ke bheda-prabheda haiM, vistAra haiN| jinameM kisI bhI apekSA se jAnane aura dekhane kI zakti hai, ve sabhI jIva athavA cetana haiM aura inase itara jo bhI dravya athavA padArtha haiM, ve sabhI jar3a athavA acetana ajIva haiN| isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA koI sandeha nahIM hai| cetanadravya jIva AtmA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hai| AtmA ke astitva ko cArvAka darzana ke atirikta prAyaH sabhI Astika-darzana svIkAra karate haiN| jainadarzana eka hI vastu meM aneka dharmoM ko svIkAra karatA hai arthAt koI bhI vastu eka hote hue bhI aneka dharmoM athavA guNoM se yukta hai| ise hI jainadarzana meM anekAntavAda ke nAma se svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isI anekAntAtmaka vastu ko jaba hama vacana ke dvArA abhivyakta karate haiM to usake vividha dharmoM ko hama kramaza: vANI kA viSaya banAte haiN| isI ko jainadarzana meM syAdvAda siddhAnta ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| anekAntavAda siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM jaba hama vastu ke vividha dharmoM kA ciMtana karate haiM aura tadanantara syAdvAda siddhAnta ke AdhAra para unakA kathana karate haiM to kisI apekSA se vastu vidhi rUpa hai (syAdasti), kisI apekSA se vastu niSedha rUpa hai (syAnnAsti) aura kisI apekSA se vastu vidhi-niSedharUpa hai (syAdastinAsti)- vastu ke ye tIna rUpa prakaTa hote haiM aura jaba inhIM tIna rUpoM kA kathana kisI apekSA se vyakta karane meM asamartha hote haiM to vaha avaktavya rUpa ho jAtA hai (syAdavaktavya) yahI kathana kisI apekSA se vidhi rUpa hai aura kisI apekSA se sat kahane yogya hotA hai (syAdastyavaktavya), kabhI sthiti yaha banatI hai ki vastu kA kathana kisI apekSA se niSedha rUpa hotA hai aura sAtha hI kisI apekSA se vastu kA kathana nahIM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai (syAnnAstyavaktavya), kabhI sthiti aisI bhI AtI hai jaba hama vastu kA kisI apekSA se vidhi rUpa kathana karate haiM aura kisI apekSA se niSedha rUpa kathana karate haiM aura sAtha hI kisI apekSA se vastu kA kathana nahIM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai (syaadstinaastyvktvy)| isa prakAra sAta bhaMgoM athavA sAta prakAra se vastu kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 cetana yA acetana athavA AtmA aura jar3a- ina do dravyoM kA kathana bhI uparyukta rIti se kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla- ina chaha dravyoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva athavA AtmA ke atirikta zeSa sabhI pAMca dravya acetana athavA jar3a rUpa haiN| yaha hamArA bhautika cintana hai| jaba hama inhI dravyoM athavA tattvoM para AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM to inheM jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- ina sAta tatvoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hai| ina sAta tattvoM ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se jIva athavA AtmA hI pramukha hai| zeSa chaha tattvoM meM se Asrava aura bandha- ye tIna tattva AtmA kA apakAra karane vAle haiM, ataH heya haiM aura saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa- ye tIna tattva AtmA kA upakAra karane vAle haiM, ataH anta ke ye tIna tattva upAdeya haiN| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne apanI laghukRti svarUpa-saMbodhana meM mAtra paccIsa kArikAoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA ke vividha rUpoM, dharmoM, guNoM athavA paryAyoM kA sApekSa athavA syAdvAda paddhati se kathana kiyA hai| yaha AtmA apane svarUpa ko apane AtmA ke dvArA apanI AtmA ke liye apanI AtmA se apane AtmA ke svarUpa ko apanI AtmA meM lIna kare, aisI preraNA dete huye AcArya akalaMkadeva kahate haiM svaH svaM svena sthitaM svasmai, svasmAt svsyaavinshvrm| svasmin dhyAtvA labhet svotthamAnandamamRtaM pdm| AcArya akalaMdeva ne apanI isa laghukRti meM AtmA kA jo kathana kiyA hai usake mUla meM paravAdiyoM dvArA saMbhAvita praznoM ke uttara diye gaye haiN| isI krama meM paravAdiyoM dvArA yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki he syAdvAdiyo ! Apa loga to pratyeka vastu ke vividha rUpoM ko svIkAra karate ho| arthAt Apake mata meM pratyeka vastu vidhi rUpa bhI hai aura niSedha rUpa bhI hai to kRpayA yaha batalAne kA kaSTa kareM ki AtmA vidhi rUpa bhI hai aura niSedha rUpa bhI hai| AtmA mUrta rUpa bhI hai aura amUrta rUpa bhI hai| eka sAtha ye do-do dharma kaise ho sakate haiM ? kyoMki donoM paraspara meM viruddha haiN| aura jina dharmoM kA Apasa meM virodha ho ve do dharma eka hI vastu meM eka sAtha kaise raha sakate haiM ? isakA uttara AcArya akalaMkadeva ne apanI laghukRti svarUpa-saMbodhana meM diyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki sa syAdvidhiniSedhAtmA, svdhrmprdhrmyoH| samUrtirbodhamUrtitvAdamUrtizca vipryyaat|| arthAt vaha AtmA svadharma ke kathana karane meM aura paradharma kA kathana karane meM vidhi rUpa bhI hai aura niSedha rUpa bhI hai| sAtha hI jJAnamUrti hone se AtmA mUrtimAn bhI hai aura ThIka usake viparIta amUrtimAn bhI hai| isI rahasya kA udghATana karate huye svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana meM zramaNasaMskRti ne unnAyaka AcArya vizuddha sAgara jI mahArAja kahate haiM ki- pratyeka dravya meM ubhayarUpatA hai, jo dravya sadpa hai, vahI dravya asadpa bhI hai| sva catuSTaya se padArtha sadpa

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 67 hai, paracatuSTaya se asadpa bhI hai| Age kahate haiM ki-kathana to kramazaH kiyA jAtA hai| jaba sat kA kathana hogA, taba asat kathana gauNa hogA, jaba asat kathana hogA, taba sat kathana gauNa hogA, parantu prati samaya sadbhAva donoM kA hI rhegaa| jainadarzana kA syAdvAda siddhAnta apane Apa meM anUThA hai, vaha vastugata pratyeka dha ma ko svIkAratA hai, lekina zarta yaha hai ki vaha kathana sApekSa ho, nirapekSa nhiiN| kyoMki AcArya samantabhadra ne apanI AptamImAMsA meM spaSTa likhA hai ki- nirapekSA nayA mithyA, sApekSA vastu te'rthkRt|| arthAt nirapekSa kathana mithyA hai, jabaki sApekSa kathana samyak hotA hai| __ vastu ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke liye pUrvAgraha se mukta hokara ciMtana karanA caahiye| pahale se hI mana meM kisI eka pakSa ko lekara calanA aura phira svAbhISTa tattva kI siddhi ke liye chala-bala kA prayoga karanA ucita nhiiN| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja kahate haiM ki- jJAniyo! jijJAsu ke liye tattva zIghra samajha meM A jAtA hai, haThadharmI ke liye kabhI bhI samyak tattvabodha nahIM hogaa| kAraNa samajhanA, jisake antaHkaraNa meM vakratA rahatI hai, vaha svamata kI siddhi cAhatA hai, svamata hI siddhi ke liye chalAdi kA prayoga karatA hai aura kaSAyabhAva ko prApta hotA hai, jahA~ kSayopazama kA prayoga tattvabodha meM honA cAhiye thA, vahAM na hokara apanI zakti kA prayoga atattva kI puSTi meM evaM ahaMkAra kI siddhi meM lagA detA hai| aho! bar3e-bar3e sAdhu puruSa bhI isa ahaM ke mada meM unmatta ho jAte haiM aura yathArtha meM svabhUla ko jAnate hue bhI janasAmAnya ke madhya svIkAra nahIM kara skte| ....vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdana jaise kA taisA karanA samyagdRSTi jIva kA vyasana hotA hai| vidhi mukha ekAnta se yA niSedha mukha ekAnta se dravya kA pratipAdana kabhI eka rUpa se hI pUrI taraha nahIM ho sktaa| na sarvathA sadpa hI hai aura na sarvathA asad rUpa hI, yAnI na sarvathA vidhi rUpa, na sarvathA niSedha rUpa; AtmAdi dravya to vidhiniSedhAtmaka hai|' yaha to huI dravya-sAmAnya kI crcaa| aba yahA~ para AtmA ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa saMdarbha meM pUjya AcArya zrI vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja ne apane parizIlana meM likhA hai ki- AtmA sat hI hai, yadi aisA mAnate haiM to vaha sarvAtmaka evaM maryAdA vihIna ho jaayegaa| sabhI dravyoM ke satpane ke prasaMga meM Atmadravya sabhI meM ghaTita hone lgegaa| saMkara nAma kA doSa khar3A ho jAyegA, sAtha hI chaha dravyoM kI sattA samApta ho jaayegii| loka meM mAtra ekadravya kA prasaMga raha jAyegA, jar3adharmI caitanya ho jAyegA, atyantAbhAva kA abhAva ho jAyegA tathA anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga A jaayegaa| AcAryazrI ke isa kathana se mujhe prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI ke prasiddha AcArya samantabhadrakRta AptamImAMsA kA vaha prasaMga yAda AtA hai, jisameM unhoMne bhAvaikAnta svIkAra karane para doSoM kI udbhAvanA karate huye likhA hai ki

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 bhAvaikAnte pdaarthaanaambhaavaanaamphnvaat| srvaatmkmnaadyntmsvruupmtaavkm|| kAryadravyamanAdi syAt prAgbhAvasya nihnve| pradhvaMsasya ca dharmasya pracyave'nantatAM vrjet|| sarvAtmakaM tadekaM syaadnyaapoh-vytikrme| anyatra samavAye na vyapadizyeta srvthaa| arthAt he bhagavan! yadi padArthoM ke astitva ko sarvathA ekAnta rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAye aura asat rUpa koI padArtha nahIM hai aisA sarvathA ekAnta rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAye to isase prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva rUpa vastu-dharmoM kA lopa ThaharatA hai aura ina vastu-dharmoM kA alopa karane se vastu-tattva sarvathA anAdi, ananta, sarvAtmaka aura asvarUpa ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha saba Apake liye iSTa nahIM hai| kyoMki prAgabhAva kA lopa karane se kAryarUpa dravya anAdi ho jaayegaa| pradhvaMsAbhAva kA lopa karane se dravya ananta rUpa ho jaayegaa| anyonyAbhAva kA lopa karane se ekatva abheda rUpa sarvAtmaka ho jAyegA aura yadi atyantAbhAva kA lopa karate haiM to "yaha cetana, yaha acetana hai|" ityAdi rUpa se usa eka tattva kA sarvathA bhedarUpa se koI kathana nahIM bana skegaa| aisI sthiti meM AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI maharAja likhate haiM- jJAniyo! isaliye dhyAna do- AtmA sat rUpa hai, vaha mAtra sat-cit kI apekSA se hai, na ki jar3a kI apekssaa| caitanya dharma kI dRSTi se hI AtmA sadpa hai na ki acetana kI apekssaa| acetana kI apekSA se vaha asad rUpa hI hai| ataH svacatuSTaya se dravya sadpa hai, paracatuSTaya kI apekSA asad rUpa hai|10 __apanI isI bAta kI puSTi ke liye AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja ne AcArya samantabhadrakRta AptamImAMsA se jo kArikA uddhRta kI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai sadeva sarva ko necchet svruupaadictussttyaat| asadeva viparyAsAnna cenna vyvtisstthte|| arthAt svarUpAdicatuSTaya kI apekSA se saba padArthoM ko sat kauna nahIM mAnegA? aura pararUpAdicatuSTaya kI apekSA se saba padArthoM ko asat kauna nahIM mAnegA? yadi aisA koI nahIM mAnatA hai to vastu kI sahI vyavasthA nahIM bnegii| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki SaDdravyoM meM jIva athavA AtmA bhI eka dravya hai, jo svacatuSTaya kI apekSA vidhi rUpa hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA niSedha rUpa hai| __isI prakAra AtmA mUrtika bhI hai aura amUrtika bhii| isa saMdarbha meM AcAryazrI vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja spaSTa likhate he| ki- sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa nizcayanaya se AtmA meM nahIM pAye jAte, isaliye AtmA amUrtika svabhAvI hai, parantu bandha kI apekSA se, vyavahAranaya kI apekSA se AtmA mUrtika bhI hai|12| AcAryazrI apane isa kathana ke artha kA udghATana karate huye Age likhA hai ki- jIva

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ko jo amUrtika kahA gayA, vaha jIva svabhAva kA kathana to hai, sAtha hI isa kathana se cArvAkoM ke AtmA viSayaka sparza, rasa, gandha, varNAdirUpa mUrtikatva kA nirAkaraNa hotA hai|14 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya akalaMkadeva ne syAdvAda siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM AtmA ko svacatuSTaya kI apekSA se vidhi rUpa svIkAra kiyA hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se niSedharUpa svIkAra kiyA hai| isI prakAra svacatuSTaya kI apekSA AtmA mUrtika hai aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA se AtmA amUrtika bhI hai aura isI bAta kI puSTi vividha udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja ne apane svarUpa saMbodhana parizIlana meM kI hai| saMdarbha svarUpa sambodhana paMcaviMzati, kArikA 24 svarUpa sambodhana paMcaviMzati, kArikA 8 svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 82 svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 82 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 11. AptamImAMsA, kArikA 15 12. svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 85 13. svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 86 14. svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 86 69 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 108 svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 82 svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 84 svarUpa sambodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 84 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 9, 10, 11 AcArya evaM adhyakSa jaina-bauddhadarzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, AvAsa nirvANa bhavana bI-2 / 249, lena naM. 14, ravIndrapurI, vArANasI - 221005

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duHkha kA vivecana : jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi meM - DaoN. kuladIpa kumAra isa saMsAra meM duHkha se sabhI prANI Darate haiN| zArIrika, mAnasika Adi ke bheda se du:kha kaI prakAra kA hai| loka meM zArIrika duHkha ko hI sabase bar3A duHkha mAnA jAtA hai, lekina vAstava meM dekhA jAe to zArIrika duHkha sabase halakI zreNI kA du:kha hai| zArIrika duHkha se bar3A duHkha mAnasika aura mAnasika se bhI bar3A svAbhAvika du:kha hotA hai, jo vyAkulatA rUpa hai| usakA samIcIna jJAna na hone ke kAraNa hI jIva nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devAdiyoniyoM meM caturgagatirUpa bhramaNa karate hue vividha duHkhoM ko bhogatA rahatA hai| tathA jo jIva ukta svAbhAvika du:kha ko jAnakara usakA nivAraNa kara letA hai, vaha du:khoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| ataH sarvaprathama hama yaha jAnane kA prayanta kareMge ki duHkha hai kyA ? duHkha zabda kI vyutpatti evaM artha du:kha zabda mUlata: saMskRtabhASA kA duHkhaM zabda haiN| yaha zabda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| '(duSTAni khAni yasmin duSTaM khanati- khan Da, dukha ac) jisake artha haiMpIr3AkAra, arucikara, kaThina, becaina, kheda, raJja, viSAda, vedanA aura kaSTa ityaadi|' duHkha kA lakSaNa ___ du:kha kA lakSaNa batalAte hue AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM ki 'sadasedvadyodaye'ntaraD. gahetau sati bAhyadravyAdiparipAkanimittavazAdutpadyamAnaH prItiparitAparUpaH pariNAmaH sukhaduH khmityaakhyaayte|'2 ___ arthAt sAtA vedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya ke udayarUpa antaraMga hetu ke rahate hue bAhyadravyAdi ke paripAka ke nimitta se jo prIti aura paritApa rUpa pariNAma utpanna hote haiM, ve sukha duHkha kahe jAte haiN| athavA pIr3A rUpa AtmA kA pariNAma du:kha hai| vIrasenAcArya likhate haiM-'aNiTThatthasamAgamo igotthaviyo ca dukkhaM nnaam| arthAt aniSTa artha ke samAgama aura iSTa artha ke viyoga kA nAma duHkha hai| duHkha ke bheda__du:kha ke bhedoM ko batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM ki- 'AgaMtukaM mAnasiyaM sahajaM sArIriyaM cattAri dukkhaaiN|' arthAt duHkha cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- Agantuka, mAnasika, svAbhAvika tathA shaariirik| acAnaka bijalI Adi girane se athavA acAnaka koI durghaTanA Adi se jo du:kha prApta hotA hai use Agantuka duHkha kahate hai| priya janoM ke durvyavahAra Adi se tathA iSTa vastu kI prApti na hone ke kAraNa jo du:kha prApta hotA hai use mAnasika du:kha kahate haiN| jIva ke nija svabhAva se utpanna hone vAle duHkha ko svAbhAvika

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 duHkha kahate hai|| svAmikArtikeya du:kha ke pAMca bheda batalAte hue likhate haiM ki "asurodarIyi duHkhaM sArIraM mANasaM tahA vivih| khittubbhavaM ca tivvaM aNNoNNakayaM ca pNcvih||16 arthAt pahalA asura kumAroM ke dvArA diye jAnA vAlA du:kha, dUsarA zArIrika du:kha, tIsarA mAnasika du:kha, cauthA kSetra se utpanna hona vAlA duHkha aura pAMcavAM paraspara meM diyA jAne vAlA du:kh| duHkha ke kAraNa- duHkha kA kAraNa zarIra evaM bAhyapadArthoM meM mmtv| AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM ki "mUlaM saMsAraduHkhasya deha evaatmdhiisttH| tyaktvanAM prvishedntrbhirvyaapRtendriyH||"7 arthAt isa jar3a zarIra meM Atmabuddhi kA honA hI saMsAra ke du:khoM kA kAraNa hai| isalie zarIra meM Atmatva kI mithyA kalpanA ko chor3akara bAhyaviSayoM meM indriyoM ko rokatA huA antaraMga meM praveza kre| AcArya guNabhadra likhate haiM ki"Adau tanorjananamatra hatendriyANi kAD.kSanti tAni viSayAnviSayAzca maan| hAniprayAsabhayapApakuyonidAH syurmUlaM tatastanuranarthaparaM praannaam||" arthAt sarvaprathama zarIra utpanna hotA hai, isa zarIra se duSTa indriyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, ve apane viSayoM ko cAhatI haiM; aura ve viSaya mAnahAni, parizrama, bhaya, pApa evaM durgati ko dene vAle haiN| isa prakAra se samasta anarthoM kI paraMparA kA mUla kAraNa vaha zarIra hI hai| AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki "bhavodbhavAni duHkhAni yAni yAnIha dehibhiH|| sahyante tAni tAnyuccairvapurAdAya kevlm||15 arthAt isa jagata meM saMsAra se utpanna jo-jo du:kha jIvoM ko sahane par3ate haiM, ve saba isa zarIra ke grahaNa se hI sahane par3ate haiM isa zarIra se nivRtta hona para phira koI bhI du:kha nahIM hai| duHkha kA kAraNa jJAna kA jJeya rUpa pariNamanapaNDita rAjamalla likhate haiM ki "nUnaM yatparato jJAnaM pratyartha pariNAmi yt| vyAkulaM mohsNpRktNmrthaachuHkhmnrthvt| siddhaM duHkhtvmsyoccaiaakultvoplbdhitH| jJAtazeSArthasadrAve tdvbhutsaadidrshnaat||"16 arthAt nizcaya se jo jJAna indriyAdi ke avalambana se hotA hai aura jo jJAna pratyeka artha ke prati pariNamanazIla rahatA hai arthAt pratyeka artha ke anusAra pariNAmI hotA hai, vaha

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72 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 jJAna vyAkula tathA rAga-dveSa sahita hotA hai| isalie vAstava meM vaha jJAna du:kha rUpa tathA niSprayojana ke samAna hai kyoMki pariNAmI hone ke kAraNa jJAna meM vyAkulatA pAI jAtI hai| isaliye aise indriyajanya jJAna meM du:khapanA acchI taraha siddha hotA hai, kyoMki jAne hue padArtha ke sivAya anya padArthoM ko jAnane kI icchA rahatI hai| indriyajJAna yugapat na hone se duHkha kA kAraNa indriyajJAna kramika hotA hai, isalie vaha du:kha kA kAraNa hai| AcArya jinasena likhate haiM ki "kramakaraNavyavadhAnagrahaNe khedo bhavati'111 arthAt indriyajJAna kramapUrvaka hotA hai, indriyoM ke Azraya se hotA hai tathA prakAzAdi kI sahAyatA se hotA hai, isalie duHkha kA kAraNa hai| paNDita rAjamalla likhate haiM ki "pramattaM mohayuktatvAnnikRSTaM hetugaurvaat| vyucchinnaM kramavartitvAkRcchaM cehaadyupkrmaat||112 arthAt vaha indriyajanyajJAna moha se yukta hone ke kAraNa pramatta, apanI utpatti ke bahuta kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhane se nikRSTa, kramapUrvaka padArthoM ko jAnane ke kAraNa vyucchinna aura IhA Adi pUrvaka hone se du:kha rUpa kahalAtA hai| duHkha dUra karane kA ekamAtra upAya AtmasvarUpa kI prApti bhedavijJAna ke dvArA jo puruSa AtmasvarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai, usake sabhI du:kha naSTa ho jAte haiN| isa viSaya meM AcArya pUjyapAda likhate haiM ki "AtmavibhramajaM duHkhmaatmjnyaanaatprshaamyti| nAyatAstatra nirvAnti kRtvApi paramaM tpH||113 arthAt zarIra Adi meM Atmabuddhi rUpa vibhrama se utpanna hone vAlA du:kha zarIra Adi se bhinna rUpa AtmasvarUpa ko jAnane se zAnta ho jAtA hai| ataeva jo puruSa bhedavijJAna ke dvArA AtmasvarUpa kI prApti meM prayatna nahIM karate ve utkRSTa tapa karake bhI nirvANa ko prApta nahIM krte| arthAt vAstavika sukha ko prApta nahIM krte| isI saMdarbha meM AcArya guNabhadra likhate haiM ki "hAneH zokastato duHkhaM lAbhAdrAgastataH sukhm| tena hAnAvazokaH san sukhI syAtsarvadA sudhiiH||14 arthAt iSTa vastu kI hAni se zoka aura phira unase duHkha hotA hai, tathA phira usake lAbha se rAga tathA phira usase sukha hotA hai| isalie buddhimAna puruSa ko iSTa kI hAni meM zoka se rahita hokara sadA sukhI rahanA caahie| samasta indriya viSayoM se virakta hone kA nAma sukha aura unameM Asakta hone kA nAma duHkha hai| ataH hama sabako viSayoM se virakta hone kA upAya karanA caahie|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 saMdarbhaH 1. vAmana zivarAma ApTe, saMskRta-hindI koza, pRSTha-462 2. sarvArthasiddhi, 5/20 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/11 4. dhavalA, pustaka saMkhyA-13, khaNDa-5, bhAga-5, sUtra-63 5. bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA-11 6. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, gAthA- 35 7. samAdhizataka, zloka-15 8. AtmAnuzAsana, zloka-195 9. jJAnArNava, adhiAkAra- 7, dohaka- 11 10. paJcAdhyAyI uttarArdha, zloka- 278-279 11. tAtparyavRtti, gAthA- 60 kI TIkA 12. paJcAdhyAyI uttarArdha, zloka- 281 13. samAdhizataka, zloka- 41 14. AtmAnuzAsana, zloka- 186-187 -asisTenTa prophesara zrI lA.ba.zA.rA.saM saMskRtavidyApITha kaTavAriyA sarAya naI dillI-110016

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jaina campU sAhitya aura usakA vaiziSTya ___-pro. bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAgendu' gadya-padya mizrita sAhitya ko 'campU' saMjJA pradAna kI jAtI hai| aitareya brAhmaNa, paMcataMtra, hitopadeza, aura pAli bhASA kI jAtaka kathAoM meM isa zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA ke saMskRta kaviyoM ne aneka campU kAvyoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| prastuta Alekha meM yazastilaka campU, jIvandhara campU, bharatezvarAbhyudaya campU, purudeva campU, dayodaya campU, varddhamAna campU evaM jainAcArya vijaya campU zIrSaka 7 campU kAvyoM kI kathAvastu evaM vaiziSTya kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta racanA zailiyA~ : saMskRta racanAoM kI aneka zailiyA~ aura vidhAe~ hai| jaise kAvya, nATaka, caritra, purANa, kathA, AkhyAyikA, stotra, gIta tathA muktaka aadi| ina sabakA tIna vargoM meM vibhAjana kiyA jAtA hai- gadya, padya, aura mizrI mizra racanA-zailI prAcInatama brAhmaNoM kI zuna:zepa kathA gadya meM racita hone para bhI usameM eka sau se adhika padyAtmaka gAthAe~ AyI haiN| isa zailI kA prayoga pAli bhASA kI jAtaka kathAoM meM aura pazcAt paMcataMtra, hitopadeza jaisI racanAoM meM bahulatA se huaa| nATaka meM bhI gadya aura padya donoM kA prayoga huaa| kintu yahA~ gadya aura padya kA apanA- apanA viziSTa sthAna bana gyaa| jaba padya va gadya racanAoM meM kalAtmakatA kI mAtrA bar3hI, taba unake kSetroM kA baMTavArA niyata na raha skaa| azvaghoSa aura kAlidAsa se prAraMbha hokara bhAravi, mAgha aura zrIharSa taka mahAkAvya zailI ne arthagAmbhIrya ke sAtha chanda, rasa, bhAva, alaMkAra Adi meM ati kRtrima rUpa se vikAsa kiyaa| gadya racanA bhI pIche na rahI aura subandhu tathA bANa ne use bhI itanA puSTa aura kalAtmaka banA diyA ki use bhI mahAkAvya ke samakakSa sthAna prApta ho gyaa| ukta prasiddha kRtiyoM ke racayitAoM kA kauzala do meM se kisI eka hI kSetra meM pAyA jAtA hai- padya yA gdy| aisI pratibhAoM kA bhI udita honA bhI svAbhAvika thA jo eka hI kRti meM apane gadya aura padya donoM prakAra ke racanA kauzala kI abhivyakti karanA caaheN| aisI racanAe~ 'campU' ke rUpa meM sammukha aayiiN| campU zabda vyutpatti saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra campU zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai- yaha zabda parAdigaNa kI gatyarthaka capi (campu) dhAtu se auNAdika una pratyaya karane para aura UD. odaza karane para banatA hai| campayati arthAt sahaiva gamayati prayojayati gadyapadye iti campUH, arthAt jisa racanA meM gadya aura padya kA samAna bhAva se tathAsahayogapUrvaka prayoga

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 kiyA jAtA hai use 'campU' kahate haiN| zrI haridAsa bhaTTAcArya ne campU zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- camatkRtya punAti sahradayAn vismayIkRtya prasAdayati iti campUH / ' isake anusAra campU meM zabda- camatkAra aura arthaprasAda guNa honA caahie| campU meM varNanAtmaka aMza ke lie gadya kA prayoga hotA hai aura arthagaurava vAle aMzoM ke lie padya kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 75 'campU' kA svarUpa sarvaprathama daNDI (lagabhaga 600-650I.) ne apane kAvyAdarza meM campU kI paribhASA 'gadya-padyamayI kAcit campUrityabhidhIyate" kI hai arthAt aisI koI vizeSa racanA jo gadya aura padyamaya ho campU kahalAtI hai| kintu jo campU racanAeM upalabdha haiM ve dazavIM zatI se pUrva kI koI nahIM hai isa koTi kI upalabdha racanAoM meM sarvaprathama racanA trivikrama bhaTTa kA nalacampU (915 I.) aura dUsarI racanA AcArya somadeva sUri kA yazastikalakacampU hai| isa zrRMkhalA meM saMskRta ke jaina kaviyoM ne campU kAvya vidhA kA bhI praNayana kiyA hai| campU kAvya kI manoramatA para prakAza DAlate hue harizcandra ne jIvandhara campU meM likhA haigadyAvalI padyaparamparA ca pratyekamapyAvahato pramodam / harSa - prakarSa tanute militvA drAkbAlyatAruNyavatIva kanyA / yazastilaka campU AcArya somadeva sUri ke yazastilaka campU kI racanA 959 I. meM huI thii| AcArya somadeva sUri cAlukyarAja arikezarin (dvitIya) ke bar3e putra dvArA saMrakSita kavi the| yaha rASTrakUTa ke rAjA kRSNarAjadeva ke samakAlika the| isa campU kA mUla utsa AcArya guNabhrada praNIta jaina uttara puraNa haiN| isameM avantI ke rAjA yazodhara kA carita varNita hai| isa mahAgraMtha meM ATha samucchvAsa haiN| prathama pAMca samucchavAsoM meM kathA avicchinna gati se Age bar3hatI hai| anta ke tIna samucchvAsoM meM samyagdarzana tathA upAsakAdhyayanAMga kA vistRta aura samayAnurUpa varNana hai tRtIya samucchvAsa meM rAjanIti kI vizada vivecanA hai| isa kRti ke dvArA somadeva ke gahana adhyayana, pragAr3ha pANDitya, bhASA para svacchanda prabhutva evaM kAvya kSetra meM unakI naye naye prayogoM kI abhiruci kA paricaya milatA hai| somadeva ne aneka kaviyoM ke nAmollekha sahita unakI muktaka kRtiyoM ko isa campU kAvya meM uddhRta kiyA hai| isa campU kAvya para zrutasAgara sUri kI sundara vyAkhyA hai| isa campU meM AcArya ne kathA bhAga kI rakSA karate hue kitanA prameya bhara diyAhai ? yaha dekhate hI banatA hai| isake gadya kAdambarI se bhI bar3ha-car3hakara hai, kalpanA kA utkarSa anupama hai, kathA kA saundarya graMtha keprati AkarSaNa utpanna karatA hai / somadeva ne prAraMbha meM hI likhA hai ki- jisa prakAra nIrasa tRNa khAne vAlI gAya se sarasa dUdha kI dhArA pravAhita hotI hai| usI prakAra jIvana paryanta jaise nIrasa viSaya meM avagAhana karane vAle mujhase yaha kAvya-sudhA kI dhArA baha rahI hai| isa graMtharUpI mahAsAgara meM avagAhana karane vAle vidvAn hI samajha sakate haiM ki AcArya somadeva ke hRdaya meM kitanA agAdha vaiduSya bharA hai| unhoMne eka

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76 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 sthalapara svayaM kahA hai ki lokakavitva aura kavitva meM samasta saMsAra somadeva kA ucchiSTabhojI hai arthAt unake dvArA varNita vastu kA hI varNana karane vAlA hai| yazastilaka kI racanA gRhastha jIvana kI yathArtha pRSThabhUmi para huI hai| aneka gadya kAvyoM tathA campU kAvyoM meM yazastilaka campU hI eka aisA kAvya graMtha hai jo atyanta mArmika karuNa kathA ko AdhAra banAkara likhA gayA hai| isa campU kAvya meM kavi ne tatkAlIna yuga kI paristhitiyoM kA mArmika citraNa kiyA hai| maMtriyoM ke bhraSTAcAra, svecchAcArI zAsana, deza kI Arthika evaM sAmAjika dazA kA yathArtha citraNa isa campU kI vizeSatA hai| rAjA yazodhara kI senA kA varNana yazastilaka campU kA utkRSTatama evaM saMskRta sAhitya kA anyaMta ucca koTi kA varNana hai| somedava ko sarvAdhika saphalatA rUpa citraNa, ghaTanA evaM varNya viSaya ke anukUla vAtAvaraNa ke sRjana, sainya varNana tathAmAnava ke gUDharahasyoM ke udghATana meM milI hai| yazastilaka campU somadeva sUri kI praur3ha racanA hai| isake dvArA unake gahana, adhyayana, pragAr3ha pANDitya, kAvya sRjana kI kuzalatA tathA abhivyakti kI adbhuta kSamatA kA pradarzana hotA hai| varNya viSaya ke anurUpa praur3ha, alaMkRta evaM prAJjala bhASA zailI sahita vividhatA kA nidarzana isa campU kAvya kI nijI vizeSatA hai| isameM gadya-padya kA prayoga samAna rUpa se huA hai| yazastilaka campU meM aneka apracalita aura aprasiddha zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| jaisedhRssnni-suuryrshmi| bllikaa-shrRNkhlaa| saamj-haathii| dairghikey-kml| blaal-vaayu| nndinii-ujjyinii| aisA pratIta hotA hai jaise sUri prAcIna zabdoM kA jIrNoddhAra karanA cAhate hoN| yazastilaka nirdoSa, guNasaMpanna tathA alaMkRta campU kAvya hai| isakA lakSya nirveda kA paripAka hai| ataH isakA mukhya rasa zAnta hai| anya sabhI rasa aMga banakara prayukta hue haiN| dhArmika tattvoM kA pratipAdana pramukha hote hue zrRMgAra rasa kevarNana meM yaha graMtha anya kisI ke pIche nahIM hai| atizayokti kA nidarzana yatra-tatra hotA hai| mUrta ke lie amUrta aura amUrta ke lie mUrta upamAnoM kA bahulatA se prayoga huA hai| duSpraveza vana ke lie 'durjana-hRdayamiva duSpravezam' likhakara kavi ne camatkAra lA diyA hai| anuprAsa kI chaTA to somadeva kI zailI kI pramukha vizeSatA hai| lokoktiyeM evaM prahelikAoM kA prayoga bhI unakI zailI ko viziSTatA pradAna karatA hai| kucha udAharaNalokoktiyA~ : prathama AzvAsa - zreyAMsi bhuvidhnaani| bhavanti bhavyeSu hi pksspaataaH| saptama AzvAsa - rAjaparigRhItaM tRNamapi kaaNcniibhvti| -7, ka. 32

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 navarasa prahelikA : trimUlakaM dvidhotthAnaM paMcazAkhaM ctushchdm| yo'gaM vetti navacchAyaM dazabhUmi sa ca kaavykRt||' - 3.259 isakA samAdhAnaH trimUlakaM zakti, nipuNatA, abhyaas| dvidhotthAnaM zabda, arth| paMcazAkhaM pracurA, praur3hA, paruSA, lalitA, bhadrA (vRttiyAM) catuzchadaM pAMcAlI, lATI, gaur3I, vaidrbhii| navacchAyaM dazabhUmim = audArya, samatA, kAnti Adi 10 gunn| jo ina sabako jAnatA hai vahI kAvya- racanAkAra ho sakatA hai| yazastilaka campU meM vIra rasa ke ojasvI varNanoM ke sAtha hI bhayAnaka, adbhuta aura raudra rasa ke varNana bhI haiN| hAsya rasa kA bhI kaI sthAnoM para viniyoga huA hai| isa campU kAvya ke gaMbhIra adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa svAbhAvika hai ki yaha dhArmika soddezya racanA kavi kI eka atyanta praur3ha evaM pANDityapUrNa kRti hai, jisameM usake alaMkRta evaM prAJjala pariSkRta bhASA kA prayoga karake ise sAhityika dRSTi se bhI eka ucca koTi kI mahattvapUrNa racanA banA diyA hai| 2. jIvandhara campU jaina mahAkavi haricandra kA 'jIvandhara campU' 11 lambhaka kA eka vizAla graMtha hai| DaoN. kItha ne isa haricandra ko hI 'dharmAzarmAbhyudaya' mahAkAvya kA praNetA bhI mAnA hai, jisameM pandrahaveM tIrthakara bhagavAn dharmanAtha kA carita varNita hai| jIvandhara campU kI racanA rAjA satyaMdha ra aura vijayA ke putra jaina rAjakumAra jIvandhara ke carita ko lekara hI kI gayI hai| yaha kathA sudharmA svAmI dvArA samrAT zreNika ko sunAyI gyii| haricandra kA samaya IsvI 900 se 1100 I. ke madhya mAnA gayA hai| jIvandhara campU kI kathA vAdIbhasiMha kI 'gadya cintAmaNi' athavA 'kSatra cUDAmaNi' se lI gaI hai| yadyapi jIvandhara svAmI kathA kA mUla srota AcArya guNabhadra ke 'uttara purANa' meM milatA hai, tathApi campU meM mUla kathA se laMbha tathA kathAnaka saMbandhI bhinnatA hai| isameM pratyeka lambha kI kathAvastu tathA pAtroM ke nAma Adi gadya cintAmaNi se milate-julate haiN| mahAkavi ke isa kAvya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke samakAlIna kSatra-cUDAmaNi zrI jIvandhara svAmI kI kathA gumphita kI hai| isa kAvya meM rAjA satyandhara aura vijayA ke putra jIvandhara kA jIvana vRtta nibaddha hai| isameM nimnalikhita 11 lambha haiM :1. sarasvatI lambha, 2. govindA lambha, 3. gandharvadattA lambha, 4. guNamAlA lambha 5. padmA lambha, 6. kSemazrI lambha, 7. kanakamAlA lambha, 8. vimalA lambha, 9. suramaMjarI lambha, 10. lakSmaNA lambha, 11. mukti lambha, rasa, guNa aura alaMkara saMyojana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya apane DhaMga kA ramaNIya

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78 hai| anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 pUrI kathA alaukika ghaTanAoM se bharI hai| jIvandhara svAmI kA caritra-citraNa itanA utkRSTa hai ki usase unakA kSatra cUr3AmaNi arthAt kSatriyoM kA ziromaNipanA anAyAsa siddha ho jAtA hai| isa campU kAvya kI racanA meM kavi ne vizeSa kauzala dikhalAyA hai| alaMkAra kI puTa aura komalakAnta padAvalI baravaza pAThaka ke mana ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai| isameM kavi kI nisargasiddha pratibhA jhalakatI hai, isIlie prakaraNAnukUla artha aura arthAnukUla zabdoM ke cayana meM use alpa bhI prayatna nahIM karanA par3A hai| isa graMtha ke aneka padya to itane kautukAvaha haiM ki unheM par3hakara kavi kI pratibhA kA alaukika camatkAra dRSTigocara hone lagatA hai| nagarI varNana, rAjavarNana, rAjJI varNana, candrodaya, sUryodaya, vana krIDA, jala krIDA, yuddha Adi kAvya ke samasta varNanIya viSayoM ko kavi ne yathAsthAna itanA sajAkara rakhA hai ki dekhate hI banAtA hai| gadyacintAmaNi aura kSatra cUDAmaNi ke samAna isameM bhI gyAraha lambha haiN| jIvandhara campU ke gadya aura padya donoM hI zleSa, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, parisaMkhyA, virodhAbhAsa tathA bhrAntimAn Adi alaMkAroM se alaMkRta haiM mAdhurya, oja, prasAda guNoM kA nidarzana pade pade hotA hai| rasoM ke anusAra isa campU kAvya meM vaidarbhI, lATI, pAMcAlI aura gaur3I- ina cAroM rItiyoM kA acchA prayoga huA hai| jIvandhara campU kA aMgI rasa- zAMtarasa hai| anya sabhI rasoM kA yathAsthAna sannivezana huA hai| isameM prayukta pramukha chaMda isa prakAra haiM 1. zArdUlavikrIDita - 1, 19, 20, 22, 28, 34, 67 2, 14, 23 2. sragdharA upajAti, AryA, anuSTapa, indravajA vasantatilakA, mAlinI, mAlabhAriNI, zAlinI, mandAkrAntA, vaMzastha, upendravajrA zikhariNI, pRthvI, rathoddhatA, svAgatA, drutavilambita, hariNI, puSpitAgrA, maJjubhASiNI, bhujaMgaprayAta, paMcacAmara Adi bhI yathAsthAna Aye haiN| 3. bharatezvarAbhyudaya campU " asAdhAraNa vidvAn paNDitapravara AzAdhara jI ko AcAryakalpa vizeSaNa se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| isake dvArA praNIta bharatezvArAbhyudaya campU' prathama jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra bharata ke carita ko AdhAra banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zrImad bhAgavata purANa meM varNita 22 avatAroM meM AThaveM avatAra RSabha haiN| yaha RSabha jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara haiN| AThavIM zatI se pUrva hI AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa kI racanA kI, jisameM RSabhadeva ke caritra ke atirikta chabbIsaveM se ar3atIsarve parva (26-38 parva) taka bharata kA carita varNita hai| ariSTanemi purANa yA jaina harivaMza purANa ke gyArahaveM evaM bArahaveM parva meM bhI bharata kA carita varNita hai| AcAryakalpa paNDitapravara AzAdhara vikrama saMvat 1300 ( 1243 I.) meM vidyamAna the| unhoMne dharma, darzana, sAhitya Adi viSayoM para aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| ve madhyapradeza

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 meM mANDU ke nikaTa nAlachA (nalagacchapura) ke nivAsI the| 'bharatezvarAbhyudaya' utkRSTa koTi kA campU kAvya hai| 4. purudeva campU 'purudeva campU' saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa kI eka mahatvapUrNa kar3I hai| yaha utkRSTa campU kAvya hai| padya racanA meM yaha kAvya mahAkavi bhAravi aura mAgha tathA gadya meM subandha aura bANa bhaTTa kI kRtiyoM se tulanIya hai| 'purudeva campU' meM daza stabaka haiN| stabaka zabda saMskRta kI stu dhAtu se vun pratyaya yA sthA dhAtu se abak pratyaya jor3akara banatA hai jisakA artha hai gucchA yA jhunndd| isa graMtha meM prAraMbha ke tIna stabakoM meM purudeva bhagavAn AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) ke pUrva-bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zeSa stabakoM meM bhagavAna AdinAtha aura unake putra bharata tathA bAhubalI kA caritra manorama kAvya zailI meM kiyA gayA hai| __ kathAvastu kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| purudeva kI jIvana atyanta rocaka evaM upadezavAda hai| purudeva ke putra bharata cakravartI tathA bAhubalI kA jIvana bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa kA ujjavala nidarzana hai| inhIM bharata ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| jaisA ki mArkaNDeya', kUrma, agni, vAyu, brahmANDa, varAha, liMga, viSNu, tathA skanda'5- ina nau purANoM meM ullikhita hai| udAharaNArtha agrIdhasUno bhestu RSabho'bhUta sUto dvijH| RSabhAd bharato jajJe, vIraH putrazatAdvaraH // 39 // hivAhvaH dakSiNa varSa bharatAya pitA ddau| tasmAtt bhArataM varSa tasya nAmnA mhaatmnH||41|| nAbheH putrazca RSabhaH RSabhAd bhrto'bhvt| tasya nAmnA tvidaM varSa bhAratazceti kiirtyte||57||7 purudeva campU kA vaiziSTyaH bAhubalI kI tapasyA bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke lie adamya prareNA srota rahI hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki purudeva campU ne kevala kAvya kI dRSTi se nahIM, pratyuta bhAratIya sAMskRtika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| apanI kavitA ke viSaya meM svayaM arhaddAsa ne kahA hai ki- vaha komala-cAru-zabda-nicaya se saMpanna hai| bhagavAn kI bhakti rUpI bIja se, isa kavitA-latA kA udbhava huA hai| vividha vRtta isake pallava evaM aneka alaMkAra isake puSpa-guccha haiN| RSabha-kalpavRkSa se lipaTI yaha kavitA-latA vyaMgya kI zrI se suzobhita hai: jAteyaM kavitAlatA bhagavato bhaktyAkhyabIjena me, komala cAru zabda nizcayaiH padyaiH prkaamojjvlaa| vRttaiH pallavitA tataH kusamitAlaDa.kAra-vicchittibhaH samprAptA vRSabheza- kalpasutarUM vyaMgyazriyA vrdhte||

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 gadya kAvya kI bhAMti anuprAsamayI samasta-padAvalI-saMpRkta-bhASA meM nagarI varNana se isakA AraMbha huA hai atha vizAlavAjimAlA vikSiptavividha- mauktiApuJjAtamarAlikA bhrama samAgata-dRDhAliMgana-taraMgita....rajatAcalasyottara-zreNyAmalakAbhidhAnA purI varIvati6 isa campU kAvya kI kathA ke upasaMhAra meM ahiMsA ke prabhAva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai aura zrotAoM kI, sarvajIvadayA kI ora unmukhatA pradarzita kI gayI hai - vRSabhasenamukhA gaNinastathA sakalajantuSu skhymupaagaatH| vimalazIlasuzobhita-mAnasAH paramanirvRtimApurime krmaat|| mahAkavi arhadAsa kI nayI-nayI parikalpanAoM tathA rUpaka, virodhAbhAsa, zleSa, utprekSA, atizayokti, asaMgati, upamA, parisaMkhyA, vyatireka, ananvaya, zliSTopamA Adi alaMkAroM ke puTa ne isa campU ke gaurava meM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiN| isa campU ke kitane hI zleSa to itane kautukAvaha haiM ki inakA anyatra milanA asaMbhava-sA hai| udAharaNArthaalakA nagarI ke varNana meM zleSa kA camatkAra dekhie yA khalu dhanazrI- saMpannA nibhutasAmodasumano'bhirAmA, sakalasudRgbhiH zirasA zlAdhyamAnamahimA, vividha-vicitra vizobhitamAlADhyA, alkaabhidhaanmrhti| sumerU ke varNana meM rUpaka aura zliSTopamA kA camatkAra kitanA sukhada hai, udAharaNArtha tridazopasevitoH yaH praajyviraajitruucirmhaameruH| lakSmIvilAsagehe jambUdvIpe vibhAti dIpa iv|| ahamindra ke varNana meM virodhAbhAsa aura vyatireka sammizraNa tathA ayodhyAnagarI ke varNana meM ananvaya, zleSa, virodha aura vyatireka ko kisa khUbI ke sAtha baiThAyA hai yaha dekha kavi kI pratibhA para Azcarya hotA hai| 'purudeva campU' meM prAyaH sabhI pracalita evaM apracalita chaMdoM kA prayoga huA hai| rasa ke anurUpa chandoM kA prayoga kAvya kI zobhA bar3hA detA hai' ataH kavi ne rasa ke anurUpa hI anuSTup, AryA, indravajrA, upajAti, upendravajrA, drutavimbita, puSpitAgrA, pRthvI, bhujaD. gaprayAta,, maJjubhASiNI, mandAkrAntA, mAlinI, rathoddhatA, vaMzastha, vasantatilakA, viyoginI, mAlabhAriNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, zAlinI, zikhariNI, sragdharA, svAgatA, hariNI Adi sabhI chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| purudeva campU kA pratyeka bhAga sarasa aura cuTIlA hai| jyoM-jyoM graMtha Age bar3hatA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM usakI bhASA aura bhAva meM praur3hatA AtI jAtI hai| isa graMtha kI lalita alaMkRta bhASA sahaja hI pAThakoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa kara letI hai| bhagavAn AdinAtha aura samrATa bharata itane adhika prabhAvazAlI puNya-puruSa hue haiM ki unakA jaina graMthoM meM to ullekha AyA hI hai usake atirikta veda ke maMtroM tathA upaniSadoM aura jainetara purANoM Adi meM bhI ullekha milatA hai| zrImad bhAgavata purANa meM bhI marudevI,

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 81 nAbhirAya, AdinAtha aura unake putra bharata kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| mahAkavi arhadAsa dvArA racita 'purudeva campU' praur3ha tathA prAJjala saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha zreSTha campU kAvya hai| yaha graMtha komala cArU zabda viSaya se saMpanna hai| bhagavAna kI bhakti rUpI bIja se isa kavitA-latA kA udbhava huA he gadya kAvya kI bhAMti anuprAsamaya samAsa-yukta zabdAvalI isa graMtha meM prayukta huI hai isakA mUla srota jaina purANoM para AdhArita hai| kathA ke upasaMhAra meM ahiMsA kA prabhAva nidarzita hai aura sarvajIva dayA kI ora aura unmukhatA pradarzita kI gaI hai| yathA vRSabhasenamukhA gaNinastathA sakalajantuSu skhymupaagtaaH| vimalazIlavizobhita-mAnasAH paramanirvRtimApurime krmaat|| 5. dayodaya campU isa campU kAvya ke racayitA AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja bIsavIM zatI ke sAhityakAra aura jaina darzana ke mahanIya digambara jaina muni-AcArya the| unakI utkRSTa kavitva zakti evaM kAvya sAdhanA saMskRta ke aneka mahAkAvyoM, gItikAvyoM evaM dArzanika graMthoM tathA hindI meM upanibaddha lagabhaga do darjana graMthoM meM prasphuTita huI hai| AcArya jJAnasAgara mahArAja dvArA praNIta 'dayodaya campU' sAta lambhoM meM vibhakta hai| campU ke nirdhArita lakSaNAnusAra gadya-padya mizrita isa kAvya meM gadya ke sAtha 166 padya bhI samAviSTa haiN| isa graMtha meM eka hiMsaka dhIvara ke hRdaya meM 'dayA ke udaya' aura vikAsa kI kathA varNita hai| isIlie isa kRti kA nAma 'dayodaya' rakhA gayA hai jo sarvathA upayukta hai| isa campU kI racanA kA mukhya uddezya hai- ahiMsA ke mAhAtmya kA prAtipAdana, jisase dayAbhAva vikasita ho tathA sukha-zAMti bhI sthApita ho| _ 'dayodaya campU meM eka hiMsaka ke hRdaya parivartana kI kahAnI ko muhAvaredAra bhASA meM nibaddha kiyA hai| isameM antardvandva aura samvAdoM meM sajIvatA hai| ahiMsA kI mahattA pratipAdita kI hai jIvitecchA yathA'smAkaM kITAdInAM ca sA tthaa| jijIviSurato martyaH parAnapi na maaryet|| apane kathya ke samarthana meM dayodayakAra ne vibhinna zAstroM, nItigraMthoM, kAvyoM Adi se uddharaNa dekara aura aneka upakathAe~ jor3akara prAcIna aura arvAcIna saMskRti ko samanvita kiyA hai| dhIvarI-dhIvara ke tarka-vitarkoM meM 'saMvAda-zailI' kI rocakatA vidyamAna hai| isa campU meM nala-campU ke samAna bauddhika vilAsa nahIM hai| 6. vardhamAna campU 'vardhamAna campU' ke racayitA bIsavIM zatI ke yazasvI manISI paM. mUlacandra jI zAstrI,

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 nyAyatIrtha haiN| yaha campU graMtha zAstrI jI kI pratibhA kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai| isameM caubIsaveM jaina tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke pAMcoM kalyANakoM ko kAvyAtmaka bhASA meM ATha stavakoM meM citrita kiyA hai| isa campU meM unake janma, zaizava, gRhatyAga, jJAnaprApti, upadeza Adi kA samyak nirUpaNa hai| kaivalya-prApti kA mahattva bhI pratipAdita hai| isa campU kAvya meM kavi kI yaha anUThI vizeSatA nidarzita hai ki unhoMne burAI meM bhI acchAI ko dekhA hai| anya kaviyoM ke samAna unhoMne durjano kI niMdA nahIM kI hai, balki unheM kaviyoM kI prasiddhi kA hetu mAnA hai| kAMca kI maNi kA dRSTAnta dekara unhoMne likhA hai ki jaise kAMca ke sadbhAva meM hI maNi kI pratiSThA hotI hai, vaise hI durjanoM kA sadbhAva kavi kI prasiddhi ke lie apekSita hai kavi-prakAze khalu eva heturyatizca tasmin sati ttprkrssH| kAcaM binA naiva kadApi kutra maNeH pratiSThA bhavatIha smyk|| 'vardhamAna campU' prAJjala evaM supariSkRta kAvya zailI meM viracita Adhunika saMskRta sAhitya kA utkRSTa nidarzana hai| vaidarbhI rIti-pradhAna yaha kAvya prasAda guNa se AkaNTha pUrita hai| isake padoM meM lAlitya hai, bhASA bodhagamya, sahaja aura pravAhamayI hai| sandhi aura samAsoM ke prayoga se bhASA meM durUhatA utpanna nahIM huI hai| aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM zAMtarasa kI pratiSThA huI hai| mArmika sthaloM para upayukta anya rasoM kI abhivyakti sahaja rUpa se prasphuTita huI hai| kavi kA mukhya lakSya prAcIna kathA kA sahaja, sarala aura sahityika bhASA meM varNana karanA hai| isameM bhArata ke prasiddha nagaroM- vaizAlI, hastinApura Adi kI bhaugolika sthiti kA Akalana bhI huA hai| samAja meM yaha dhAraNA sAmAnyataH dRDhamUla hai ki- vArdhakya kAla meM kavi-gaNa matibhrama se grasta ho jAte haiM kintu vRddhAvasthA meM prastuta graMtha 'vardhamAna campU' ke racanAkara paM. mUlacanda zAstrI kI buddhi-vilakSaNatA evaM vicajhaNatA usakA sukhada apavAda hai| ___ vardhamAna campU' ke racayitA kA janma madhyapradeza ke sAgara jilA ke mAlathona nagara meM huA thA meM vi. saM. 1960 agahana badI aSTamI ko huA hai aura unakI zikSA-dIkSA sAgara (ma.pra.) tathA zikSA sAgara ke zrI gaNeza di. jaina saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya meM huii| 'vardhamAna campU' ke anta meM kAvya praNetA ne apanA chandobaddha jIvana paricaya bhI prastuta kiyA hai: sAgara- maNDalAdhInA, mAlathoneti sNjnykH| grAmo janadhanAkIrNaH so'sti me jnmbhuuriti|| 'sallo' mAtA pitA me zrI-saTolelAla naamkH| jinadharmAnurAgI saH, prvaar-kulodbhvH|| isa racanAkAra kI anya prakAzita saMskRta racanAoM meM- lokAzAha-mahAkAvyam, vacanadUtam (do bhAgoM meM prakAzita), abhinavastotram Adi ullekhanIya hai| ve saMskRta kI siddhahasta TIkAkAra bhI the| A. haribhadrasUri kRta 'SoDazaprakaraNa' kI 15000 zloka pramANa tathA 'vijayaharSasUri prabandha' kI 450 zloka pramANa TIkAe~ ullekhanIya haiN| 'AptamImAMsA' kI hindI TIkA para unheM 'nyAya vAcaspati' kI upAdhi se

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83 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| anya aneka graMthoM ke bhI yazasvI TIkAkAra aura praNetA zrI zAstrI jI haiN| 7. "jainAcArya vijaya' campU eka ajJAta kavi ke 'jainAcArya vijaya' nAmaka campU kAvya kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| kintu yaha racanA abhI taka aprakAzita hai| upasaMhAra gadya-padya athavA mizra zailI, mAnava anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti ke sAdhana-mAtra haiN| ina sabhI sAdhanoM kA upayoga vaidika kAla se hotA calA A rahA hai| yuga-pravRtti ke anusAra sAhitya ke anta:evaM bAhma svarUpa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| campUkAvya bhI yuga vizeSa kI pravRttiyoM se anuprANita hokara likhe gaye haiN| gadya aura padya ke atyanta prauDha tathA parimarjita svarUpa grahaNa kara lene para, campU kAvyoM kI racanA AraMbha huii| ataH inake gadya-padya meM bhI usI prakAra praur3hatA kA darzana hotA hai| yadi kucha campU kAvya-nalacampU, yazastilaka campU jaise kAvyoM ke ucca stara taka nahI pahuMca sake haiM to isase unake nirmAtAoM kI asamarthatA hI siddha hotI hai| campU kAvyoM kI mahatvapUrNa dena yahI hai ki saMskRta sAhitya kI anya vidhAoM ke hrAsakAla meM bhI, ve apanA vaibhava pradarzita karate rahe tathA saMskRta bhASA aura sAhitya ko aneka zatAbdiyoM taka gatizIla banAye rakha ske| yuga-bhAvanA ke anusAra campU kAvyoM ne apane varNana kA kSetra bhI vistRta kara liyA aura prAcIna paurANika paraMparA se avicchanna saMbandha bhI banAye rkhaa| yuga-pravRtti ke anusAra hI loka mAnasa kA anuraMjana karate hue unhoMne apanA mahatva pratiSThApita kiyA hai| anubhUti aura abhivyakita kI nyUnatA ne hI, unameM usa ramaNIyatA kA samAveza kiyA jo sahradaya ko Ananda se AplAvita aura camatkRta karane meM samartha huii| saMdarbha: 1. saMskRta sAhitya kA samIkSAtka itihAsa: DaoN. kapiladeva dvivedI, pR. 601 2. kAvyAdarza, 1.31 3. jIvandhara campU, 1/9 4. yazastilaka campU, caturtha AzvAsa 5. yazastilaka campU, 7 ka. 32 6. vahI, 2.259 7. mArkaNDeyapurANa 500 39, 41,57 8. kUrma purANa laksI , 37-38 9. agni purANa 10, 1011 10. vAyu purANa (pUrvArddha)/ 5.33 11. brahmANDa purANa (pUrva) 2,14 12. varAha purANa/ 74.49 13. liMga purANa/ 47/19-23, 57

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84 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 14. viSNu purANa/ aMza 2, adhyAya 1/11-16 15. skanda purANa/ mAhezvara khaNDa, kaumArakhaNDa a. 37.57 16. purudeva campU, stavaka-1 -nidezaka saMskRta, prAkRta tathA jaina vidyA anusaMdhAna kendra 28, sarasvatI nagara, damoha (ma.pra.) vItarAga kI pUjA kyoM ? na pUjArthastvayi vItarAge na nindayAnAtha nitAnta vaire| tathApi te puNya guNasmRtirnaH pUnAti cittaM duritaanyjnebhyH|| arthAt hai bhagavAn pUjA vandanA se ApakA koI prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa vItarAgI haiM-rAga kA aMza bhI Apake AtmA meM vidyamAna nahIM hai, jisake kAraNa kisI kI pUjA vandanA se Apa prasanna hote haiN| isI taraha nindA se bhI ApakA koI prayojana nahIM hai| koI kitanA hI Apako burA kahe, gAliyAM de, parantu usa para Apako jarA bhai kSobha nahIM A sakatA, kyoMki ApakI AtmA se vairabhAva dveSAMza bilakula nikala gayA hai| vaha usameM vidyamAna bhI nahIM hai| jisase kSobha tathA prasannatA Adi kAryo kA udbhava ho sktaa| aisI hAlata meM nindA aura stuti donoM hI Apake lie samAna haiN| unameM ApakA kucha bhI banatA yA bigar3atA nahIM hai| yaha saba ThIka hai| parantu phira bhI hama jo ApakI pUjA vandanAdi karate hai| usakA dUsarA hI kAraNa hai, vaha pUjA vandanAdi Apake lie nahIM- Apako prasanna karake ApakI kRpA saMpAdana karanA, yA usake dvArA Apako koI lAbha pahuMcAnA, yaha saba usakA dhyeya nahIM hai| usakA dhyeya hai Apake puNyaguNoM kA smaraNa bhAvapUrvaka anucintanajo hamAre citta ko-cidrUpa AtmA ko- pApamaloM se chur3Akara nirmala evaM pavitra banAtA hai, aura isa taraha hama usake dvArA apane AtmA ke vikAsa kI sAdhanA karate haiN| isI se padya ke uttarArdha meM yaha saidvAntika ghoSaNA kI gaI hai ki Apake puNya guNoM kA smaraNa hamAre pApamala se malina AtmA ko nirmala karatA hai- usake vikAsa meM sacamuca sahAyaka hotA hai| - AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra anekAnta, varSa 26, kiraNa 6 se sAbhAra

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dharma svarUpa - DaoN. udayacandra jaina dhammo abhidojIvaNaM dhammo aad-shaav-dhmmovi||6|| aad-shaav-dhmmo| uttama-khaMti-maddava-ajjava-suci-sacca saMjama-tava-AkiMcaNNa-bahacero AdasahAvo aadprinnaamo| - jIvana kA amRta hai| AtmA kA svabhAva dharma hai| kSamA bhI hai| uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya ye dharma haiM Atma svabhAva hai, Atma pariNAma hai| kundakundeNa paNNato bhAva pAhuDamhi-mohakaloha-vihINo pariNAmo appaNo dhmmo| imAdo karaNAdo pattedi sAhago adisaMya visuddhaM aNuvamaM aNaMtaNANaM aNaMtadaMsaNaM aNaMta-suhaM aNaMta-vArica c| suhe ThANe hido sAhago iMdo NAriMdo maNujiMdo hodi| tava-cAga-dANa-sIla-bhAvaNAmayI sAvago jaadi| -AcArya kuMdakuda ne bhAvapAhuNa meM kahA hai- moha-kSobha vihIna pariNAma AtmA kA dha ma hai| isake kAraNa se sAdhaka atizaya vizuddha, anupama, anaMtajJAna, anaMtadarzana, anaMtasukha aura anaMtavIya ko prApta hotA hai| zubha sthAna meM sthita sAdhaka indra, narendra, manujendra Adi hotA hai| isI se tapa, tyAga, dAna, zIla evaM bhAvanAmayI zrAvaka hotA hai| ahiMsA dhammo saMjamodhammo tavo dhammo vi| ahiMsAe samaraMbha-samAraMbha-AraMbha-kiriyAe jdnnN| - ahiMsA dharma, saMyamadharma aura tapa bhI dharma hai| ahiMsA dharma se samaraMbha, samAraMbha aura AraMbha kriyAeM karate samaya sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai| savvesiM jIvANaM savvesiM bhUdANaM savvesiM sajJANaM savvesiM pANINaM ca Ada-samaM mnnnnde| so bhisIbhAva-jutto si iThaM kajjANi kuvvde| seya-suhaM paecchedi NimmalA aad-bhaavnnaa| - vaha saba jIvoM, bhUtoM, sattvoM evaM prANiyoM kA Atma samAna mAnatA hai| vaha maitrI bhAva yukta iSTa kArya karatA hai, aura AtmA kI nirmala bhAvanA yukta zreya sukha kI ora gatizIla

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86 hotA hai| anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 dhammo egapadIvo tti suddhaceMdaNa bhassaro / sa para vatthuNo bhAsI appA apyamhi daMsago // samo ttidhammo jattha tattha Na moha rAgo tti / - sayaladosaparicatto dhammo saMsAra - bhava-taraNa - hedu-taraNI // dharma eka pradIpa hai, vaha zuddha caitanya rUpa bhAskara hai, jo sva-para vastuoM kA prakAzaka hai, AtmA kA AtmA meM dRSTi vAlA hai| jahA~ samatva dharma hotA hai vahA~ moha-rAga nahIM hotA hai| sakala doSoM se rahita dharma saMsAra sAraga se pAra le jAne ke lie taraNI hai| vatthu - sahAdhammo vatthutti padatthaM davvaM ca bhAsade / jathA vatthU hodi tathA pariNAmo yoggaNANaM pariNAmo ti ruba-rasa-gaMdha-vaNNo Ada sahAvo NANaM AdA NANaM, NANaM AdA / samAja, parivAra evaM rASTra kI apekSA se dayA karanA dharma hai| Atma samAna dRSTi sabhI jIvoM ke prati honA caahie| darzana/samyagdarzana hI pradhAnatA ratnatraya, cAritra, Atma pariNAma, evaM uttama sukha kI ora le jAtA hai vaha dharma hai| sAmaNNadhammo uttama-khama-maddavajjava suci sacca-saMjama-tavaccAgAkiMcaNa baMhacerA dhammo // 7 // uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zucitA, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya se zramaNadharma hai| ime khama-maddavAdidhammo jatha samaNANaM saMvara-rodhaNatthaM sahayArI tadheva sAvagANaM ca / ye kSamA, mArdava Adi dharma jaise zramaNoM ke saMvara yA karmoM ke Agamana ke rokane meM sahAyaka hote haiM vaise hI ye AvakoM ke lie bhI upayogI hai| micchatta-pariNAma kasAyAdi kAraNaM ca bhUmigANusAreNa sAvagA samaNA vi saMvaraNaM kurNeti / mithyAtva pariNAma, kaSAyAdi pariNAmoM kA zrAvaka aura zramaNa donoM apanI bhUmikAnusAra saMvaraNa karate haiN| samayANaM uttama-khamAdi-dhammo aNatANubaMdhI - paccakkhANa apaccakakhANa- vividha kasAya abhAvaM ca hohiMti / viradAvarada-guNadvANa baTTI sammaNANI sAvagANaM ca aNatANuvaMdha-paccakkhANa-kasAya, khayatthaM ca / micchAdiddiNo No huMti te| zramaNoM ke uttamakSamAdi dharma anaMtAnubaMdhI, pratyAkhyAna aura apratyAkhyAna trividha kaSAyoM ke abhAva ko prApta hoNge| ye viratAvirata guNasthAnAvartI samyagjJAnI zrAvakoM ke lie

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 87 anaMtAnubaMdha aura pratyAkhyAna kaSAya ke kSayArtha hoNge| mithyA dRSTiyoM ke ye nahIM hote haiN| dasa-vidha-dhammo Ada-suddhi kArako pAvaNivArago moha-khoha-pariNAma-vidhAdago micchatta-bhAva-NAsago koha-mAyA-mAya-loha-hAsAdi-parisambhago kasayA-NokasAya-pakhaMtoga si| - dasa vidha dharma Atmazuddhi kAraka, pApanivAraka, moha kSobha pariNAma vighAtaka, mithyAtvabhAva nAzaka, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya Adi parizAmaka evaM kaSAya-no kaSAya ko zAnta karane vAle haiN| khamAdhammo khamA-Nimmalu bhAvau, piU mittau svvu| paroppeparu jIvau, pakovapparu sNtu| - kSamA AtmA kA nirmala bhAva hai, pria bhI sabhI taraha kI mitratA kA kAraNa bhI, paraspara jIvana jIne kI kalA bhe tathA yaha hai prakopa ko zAnta karane kA utkRSTa sAdha kA kAlussuNavapattI khammo kAlusso atthi akkoso koho ko vo rovo roso aadii| tassa aNuvapatta NAso samaNaM shnnN| - kAluSya kA artha hai Akroza, krodha, kopa, ropa, roSa aadi| usakI anutpatti, nAza, zamana yA sahana kSamA hai| kovAbhAvo khamAdhammo-tassa Nimitta appnno| sahaNapariNAme tti jAejja Nimmato jnno|| - krodha kA abhAva honA kSamAdharma hai| usake nimitta se logoM kA AtmA sahanazIla evaM nirmala hotA hai| khamaNaM sahaNaM bhAvaM duNNivAra-patADa nnN| Alussa-aMta-vAvAro pattejja nnNd-bhaavnnN|| - jo durnivAraka pratADana rUpa kAluSya vyApAra hai, usakA aMta jaba hotA hai, taba kSamaNa sahana bhAva evaM AtmAnaMda kI bhAvanA ko prApta hotA hai| kAlassa-kAlimA-kaMdo kohAvega-pakova go| uvasagga-rocha-raNNaggI pasamadeva khmaajnnaa| -- kAluSya rUpI kAlimA kA kaMda krodha kA Avega prakopa bhAva, upasarga, raudra rUpI araNya kI agni kSamA ke utpanna hone para samApta hotI hai| kohaMto pasamobhAvo khamo pkov-nniggho| Ada-sahAva-suddho tti nnaaddennNt-bhaavnnaa|| - krodhAnta, prazamabhAva, pradoSa nigraha Atma svabhAva zuddhabhAva evaM anaMta kI bhAvanA

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88 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 anaMtadarzana, anaMtajJAna, anaMta sukha aura anaMta vIrya kI bhAvanA kSamA hone para AtI hai| kiM kaM kadA kSamA ? Nida-Ada-sahAve dvidaM khamA uttmkhmaa| vIdarAga maggI pasaMtamaNA mahavva dI mahojogI samakSadaMsI samadarisI kiM kaM kadA viradA huti Ada-pariNAmaM annuciNteNti| kSamA kyA kyoM aura kaise- apane Atma svabhAva meM sthita rahanA kSamA, uttama kSamA hai| prazAntamanA, mahAvratI, mahAyogI, samatvadarzI, samadarzI kyA, kyoM aura kaise se uparata AtmA-pariNAma kA ciMtana karate haiN| sAvagA bArahavidha-sAvaga-vade rahA egadesaviradA huti te vi kiM kaM kadA? paNhANi gihidUNa A hu aNacareMti te tu virAga-bhAva-icchamANA tesiM pasaMtaM iccheti| tamhA aNuvvadaM guNavadaM sikkhAvadaM ca aMgIkaradUNa NiMdaNa-hAsa-parihAsa-pahAra-ghAda-vidhAda-veraviroha-vivAda kalaha-AdiNo saMtaM pasaMta-saMta-caraNesuMca NammIbhUdA rAgaM dosaM mohaM AvesaM pasamaNe ujjadA huti| - zrAvaka bAraha prakAra ke zrAvaka vratoM meM rata-ekadeza virata hote haiN| ve bhI kyA, kyoM aura kaise? praznoM ko lekara na hI vicaraNa karate haiM, ve bhI virAga bhAvoM kI icchA karate hue unake zamana ko cAhate haiN| isalie ve aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata ko aMgIkAra karake ve niMdA, hAsa, parihAsa, prahAra, ghAta, vighAta, baira, virodha, vivAda, kalaha Adi se dUra prazAntamUrtimanA saMtoM ke caraNoM meM namrIbhUta rAga, dveSa, moha evaM Aveza ko prazamana meM udyata rahate haiN| uttamAkhamA kiM same bhavittu appANaM khaMti-saMti-suhAvaM nnN| thiro bhUho mahavvadI AsaejjaNiyaM gunnN|| uttama kSamA kyA hai? - sama meM sthita hokara kSAnti, zAnti evaM uttama bhAvanA ko jo bhAtA hai, jo apane guNa kA Azraya letA hai, vaha sthira bhUta mahAvratI uttama kSamA vAlA hai| savvesiM jIvANaM savvesiM bhUdANaM, savvesiM sattANaM savvesiM pANINaM pANaM jIvaNaM ca Ada-tullaM mnnnne| jo eriso maNNe di so evaM uttama-khama-sahAva-AdAsayaM gihidUNa ciMtedi annuvciNtedi| - jo saba jIvoM, bhUtoM, sattvoM aura prANiyoM ke prANa jIvana kA Atma samAna mAnatA hai| jo aisA mAnatA hai vahI uttama kSamA svabhAvI AtmA ke Azraya ko lekara krodha vega merA nahIM hai ciMtana karatA aura anubhava karatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 sAvago vA samaNo vA savve hidaM aNusIleMti savve jIviuM icche Na mrijju| - zrAvaka ho yA zramaNa, sabhI hita kA anuzIlana karate haiN| sabhI jIvana cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA hai| samaM samattaM saMtiM ca icchamANaM khamA uttama kssmaa| - sama, samatva aura zAnti kI icchA karane vAloM kI kSamA uttama kSamA hai| me AdA uttamo me sahAvo uttamo me NANaM uttamo me daMsaNaM uttamo, me cAritraM uttamo tavo saMjamo sIlahe cAgo baMhacero ti erisa dUrA taccalbhAse raho sAhago saahuti| tassa khamA uttmo| - merA uttama AtmA, merA svabhAva uttama, merA jJAna uttama, merA darzana uttama, merA cAritra uttama, merA tapa, saMyama, zIla, tyAga, brahmacarya Adi uttama hai, isase dUra tattvAbhyAsa meM rata sAdhaka sAdhu uttama hai| usakI kSamA uttama hai| sammadiTThI aNuvvadI mahavvadI suha-duhe iThe aNi dve aNukUle pIDakUle vi savvabhUesuM sthiti meM dRSTi, aNuvratI va annukuvvde| - samyagdRSTi, aNuvratI, mahAvratI, sukha-duHkha, iSTa-aniSTa, anukUla-pratikUla sthiti meM bhI samasta jIvoM para maitrIbhAva rakhatA hai| kaM-? Ada-sahAvo savvesiM egsmaa| arthAt- Atma svabhAva sabhI kA eka samAna hai| kadA khAmemi savvajIvA savve jIvA khamaMtu me| misI me savvabhUesu, vedaM majjha Na kennii|| - saba jIva kSamA kareM, sabhI jIva mujhe kSamA kareM, kyoMki merI sabhI jIvoM para mitratA hai, kisI para zatrutA nhiiN| khamAsIlajaNo hodi gahIro saMto vi aagd-aavdaae| so Ada-sahAvaM aaraahedi| bhayajutto caMcalo uvvigo hodi kaayro|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ___ - kSamAzIla jana gaMbhIra evaM zAnta hotA hai saMkaTa upasthita hone para bhii| vaha Atma svabhAva kA ciMtana karatA hai| kAyara vyakti bhayabhIta, caMcala evaM udvigna hotA hai| khamA kassiM avirada-sammadidvimhi uttama-khamA hodi| sA vi aNaMtANubaMdhI-koha-kasAya-samaNeNaM ca aNuvvadI sAvago appaccakkhANa-koha-kasAyaabhAveNaM ca uttama khamAsIlo jaadi| mahavvadi dvi paccakkhANa-koha-kasAya-saMteNa c| - avirata samyagjJadRSTi meM bhI kSamA hotI hai| vaha bhI anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha kaSAya ke zamana se| aNuvratI zrAvaka apratyAkhyAnI krodha kaSAya ke abhAva se kSamAzIla hotA hai| aura mahAvratI pratyAkhyAnI krodha kaSAya ke zAnta hone se kSamAzIla hotA hai| advama-guNadvANa-uvari savva-guNadvANesuMca saMjalaNa-koI-kasAya-abhAveNa uttamakhamA jaayde| - aSThama guNasthAna se Upara sabhI guNasthAnoM meM saMjvalana krodha-kaSAya ke abhAva se uttamakSamA utpanna hotI hai| sammAdidvI Ada-NANI AdANu bhavI AdANaMdI NiraMtaraM jAyade Ada-suddhIe raho jattha Natthi sammattsa-saddahaNaM tattha No khmaa| - samyagjJadRSTi AtmajJAnI, AtmAnubhavI, AtmAnaMdI Adi to niraMtara Atmazuddhi meM rata hotA hai| jahAM samyaktva zraddhAna nahIM hai, vahAM kSamA nahIM hai| daMsaNa-NANa-samaggo samaNo so saMjado bhnnido| sama-sattu-baMdhavaggo samasuha-rakkho, pasaMsa-viMdasamo (prara.3/40-41) tassa khamA uttamakhamA atthi| - zramaNa, saMyata hotA hai, vaha darzana, jJAna yukta, zatru-baMdhu varga meM samabhAva vAlA sukha-du:kha, praMzasA evaM niMdA meM bhI samAnatA rakhatA hai usakI kSamA uttama kSamA hai| uttama-maddaddavadhammo maddavo maann-nniggho| mANo ahimANo ahaMkAro ahaMbhAvo mANodayo dvi tassa, NiharaNaM mdvo| bhidu-bhAvo tti mddvo| midupariNAmo komalabhAvo viNaya-saMpaNNadA madavihINadA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ahaMkArA bhAvo gita midubhAvo midu-kammo midU bhAvo, mANa- Niggaha - ghAdago / mAna kA/ abhimAna rokanA mArdava hai| mAna, abhimAna, ahaMkAra, ahaMbhAva mAnodaya Adi jo haiM, unakA nirharaNa nigraha mArdava hai| mRdutA kA bhAva mArdava hai| mRdupariNAma, komalabhAva, vinaya saMpannatA, madavihInatA, ahaMkAra kA abhAva Adi mRdubhAva hai| jahAM mRdukarma, mRdubhAva, mAna nigraha yA mRdutA hai vahAM mAdaMva dharma hai| jAdi-kula-balo rUkho tava sudesa lAgo / gAva-mukta sAmaNNo tassa mava-dhammao uttama - NANa- mahANo - uttama-tava-maraNa- karaNa-sIlo gi appANaM jo hIladi madavaradaNaM have tassa // (kArtikeyAnuprekSA.325) jAti, kula, bala, rUpa, tapa, zruta aizvarya evaM lAbha mada haiM unake prati garva se rahita zramaNa jo hotA hai, usakA mArdava dharma hotA hai| uttama jJAna, uttama tapa,, uttama caraNa, uttama karaNa, uttama zIla Adi ko jo AtmA kA AdhAra banAtA hai, usakA mArdava ratna hotA hai| aThavidha madAbhAvo ti madavo para padasthANaM ahaMkaremi ahaMkuNemi taM mUla bhAvaNaM ummUledi jo tassa maddava dhammo / ATha prakAra ke mada kA abhAva honA mArdava dharma hai| para padArthoM kA maiM karatA hU~, maiM kara sakatA hU~ aisI mUla bhAvanA kA jo unmUlana karatA hai usakA mArdavadharma hai| aNuvamo hi madavo / 91 aNuvamo himaddavo madaveNa mANa- kasA yassa kharyA / sAhu-samAgo taccasadvahaNaM saNNANaM cAritra guNANaM ca vigAso ti - mArdava dharma anupama dharma hai- mArdava se mAna kaSAya kA kSaya hotA hai| isase samAgama, tatvazraddhAna, sadjJAna aura cAritra guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| madavo No ahaM mmo| No haNakSaNa- dINazraM kakkasa kaDula- rukkha - bhAva avamANakSaNaM ca madavo No / sAdha

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92 daMsaNa - NANa cArite suvisuddha khaedijo | kasAya-mANa-mAliNNaM kudi viSaya have jaba viNava- gAravo tattha midava- dhammo anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 ahaMkAra evaM mamatA mArdava nahIM hai na hI hInatA evaM na dInatA bhI mArdava hai| na karkazatA, kaTutA, rUkSa-bhAva evaM avamAnatA bhI mArdava hai| jo darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra meM vizuddha hotA hai, jo mAnakaSAya kI malinatA ko naSTa karatA hai, vahI vinaya hai| jahA~ vinaya kA gaurava hai, vahAM mArdavadharma hai| rahaNattaya-mAhappaM pattejja viNayAdaraM / kasAya zokasAya- DilI jattha hodi tattha viNayo / vinayAdara ko vahI prApta hotA hai jo ratnatraya ke mAhAtmya ko prApta karatA hai| jahAM kaSAya evaM no kaSAya kI nivRtti hai vahAM vinaya hai| maddava- dhammAhiyArI bhramakAra mujha sAhago Ada-guNANaM avaloedi saM aNuvedi jAdi-balatava - suda-mahAdo mutto / mArdava dharma kA adhikArI- jo jAti, bala, tapa, zruta Adimada se mukta, mamakAra rahita sAdhaka hotA hai vaha Atma- guNoM kA avalokana karatA hai aura unhIM kI anuprekSyA bhI karatA hai| sammakSa- NANa cAritra - guNehiM guNI so eva jo hodi vidu kSi madAdo vimuksso| samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra guNoM se guNI vahI hotA hai jo mRdu ho| mada Adi se vimukta ho / mANo gavva pariNAmo pharusesu maNo mANo ddiyo paramaddaNo / mANa- kaSAya-kAraNeNa midukSA bhAvo jeNa so appa jAdi appakala appabalaM appatavaM appaNANaM appa-rUvaM appalAhaM appa-IsaraM mahANijja mnnnnde|

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 93 mAna garva pariNAma hai puruSa hone para mana kA mAna nirdaya evaM paramardana vAlA hotA hai| jisake pariNAma svarUpa apanI jAti, apanA kula, bala, tapa, jJAna, rUpa, lAbha evaM aizvarya ko mahanIya mAnatA hai| jIvo jIvo kSi eriso bhulledi| maddava- guNe Dhido sAhago durahiNivesaM muNcedi| so vibhAvaM parimuMcidUNa NiraMtaraM Ada-visuddha-sahAvaM aaraahedi| jIva, jIva hai vaha hIna yA dIna nahIM hai, aisA bhUla jAtA hai| mArdava guNa meM sthita sAdha ka durabhiniveza ko chor3a detA hai| vaha vibhAva ko chor3akara sadaiva AtmA ke vizuddha-svabhAva kI ArAdhanA karatA hai| mado jAedi madaM kuNedi, maann-ksaaenn| ahaM atthi sUro, vIro aNagAro vi erisaM ciMtaNa aNuciMtaNaM ahaMkAra-kAraNaM ahimANaM ca jodigo| mada hotA hai, mada karatA hai mAna kaSAya se, maiM hU~ sUra, vIra anagAra bhI aisA ciMtana/ vicAra, anuciMtana/ bhAvanA ahaMkAra kA kAraNa abhimAna kA dyotaka hai| rAvaNa bhI narakagAmI huaa| karemi karAvemi eriso ahaMkAra bhaavo| tassa ummUlaNaM madvo kssi| NANINaM samAgamo sAhUNa jadINa suda-dhAragANaM tavINaM caM ahaM pariccAgeNa pakSo, 'ahaM' abhAvo maddavo kSiA davva-maddaveNa miduttaM bhAvaNimitteNa NammakSaM Adamhi pasaNNa-bhAvo, Ada-guNANa prinnNdo| karatA hU~, karAtA hU~, yaha bhI ahaMkAra bhAva hai, usakA unmUlana karanA mArdava hai| jJAniyoM, sAdhuoM, yatiyoM, zrutadhArakoM yA tapasviyoM kA samAgama 'ahaM' ke parityAga se prApta huA, 'ahaM' abhAva mArdava hai| dravya mArdava se mRdutA, aura bhAva kAraNa se namratA AtI hai| AtmA meM prasannatA evaM Atma-guNoM kA pUrNa AnaMda thii| - piU kuMja, aravinda nagara, udayapura (rAja) zeSa agale aMka meM...

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pustaka samIkSA kyA yaha 'mahAvIra kA buniyAdI cintana' hai? -DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina pustaka- mahAvIra kA buniyAdI cintana, lekhaka- DaoN. jayakumAra jalaja, prakAzaka- sAhitya akAdamI, madhyapradeza, saMskaraNa- teIsavAM parivarddhita, 2009, kula pRsstth-32| mere sAmane sAhitya akAdamI, madhyapradeza dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2600veM janmotsava para prakAzita 32 peja kI laghu pustaka 'bhagavAna mahAvIra kA buniyAdI cintana' nAmaka atyanta lokapriya kRti kA teIsavAM parivarddhita saMskaraNa-2009 rakhA huA hai| isake lekhaka DaoN. jaya kumAra jalaja jI eka variSTha sAhityakAra haiM, unake kaI utkRSTa grantha prakAzita haiN| apane sAhityika andAja meM DaoN. jalaja ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cintana ko kaI rUpoM meM atyanta saMjIdagI ke sAtha ukerA hai| kRti kI bhASA itanI adhika prabhAvazAlI hai ki pAThaka pUrI pustaka par3hakara hI virAma le pAtA hai| apanI inhIM khUbiyoM ke kAraNa hI yaha kRti itanI lokapriya huI hai ki prathama saMskaraNa-2002 ke bAda Aja 2009 meM isakA teIsavAM saMskaraNa nikAlA gayA hai| kRti ke anta meM lagabhaga dasa-paMdraha vidvAnoM kA abhimata bhI prakAzita hai| isa kRti ke itane adhika saMskaraNa nikala jAne ke bAda bhI mujhe eka Azcarya to ho rahA hai ki isameM kucha tathya yA vicAra aise bhI prakAzita haiM, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cintana yA unakI paraMparA se mela nahIM khAte haiN| samIkSya kRti meM maiM vicArakoM kA dhyAna kucha una binduoM para dilAnA cAhatA hU~ jo aisA pratIta hotI hai ki mahaja 'jalaja' jI ke cintana se prasUta hai, jaina Agama sammata nahIM hai| pR. 12 para likhA hai- 'mahAvIra kI sarvajJatA kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki unheM saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM aura prakriyAoM kA jJAna ho gayA thA...... unakI sarvajJatA kA artha hai ve use jAna gae the jise jAnane ke bAda aura kucha jAnanA bAkI nahIM raha jAtA..... mahAvIra isI artha meM sarvajJa haiN| unhoMne svayaM ko jAna liyaa| svayaM ko jAna lenA sabako jAna lenA hai|" merA isa viSaya meM vinamratA pUrvaka nivedana hai ki sarvajJatA kA viSaya to tInoM lokoM kI, tInoM kAloM kI pratyeka dravya kI pratyeka paryAya hotI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kevalajJAna kA

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anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 95 viSaya 'sarvadravyaparyAyeSu kevalasya' kahakara atyadhika spaSTa kahA hai| nyAya zAstroM kA (sarvajJasiddhi) prakaraNa to AtA hI yahI samajhAne ke liye hai| phira yaha nirUpaNa 'jalaja' jI ne aisA kaise kara diyA ki sarvajJatA kA artha mAtra svayaM ko jAnanA hai? sAtha hI Apane apanI bAta kI puSTi ke lie niyamasAra kI gAthA 159 bhI ullikhita kI hai jisameM likhA hai ki kevalI bhagavAna vyavahAra se sabakucha jAnate-dekhate haiM, nizcaya se AtmA ko jAnate haiN| yahAM vyavahAra se jAnane kA artha yaha thor3e hI hai ki jAnate hI nahIM hai / vyavahAra se jAnane kA artha hai anAsakta bhAva se jAnate haiM, arthAt paradravyoM aura unakI paryAyoM kA jJAna unameM kisI prakAra kA vikAra utpanna nahIM karatA hai| ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra kA maMgalAcaraNa bhI yahI kahatA hai- 'sAlokAnAM trilokAnAM yadvidyA darpaNAyate' arthAt jinakI vidyA (kevalajJAna) Aloka sahita tInoM lokoM ke lie darpaNa kI taraha AcaraNa karatI hai yaha to usa graMtha kA uddharaNa hai jise lekhaka ne svayaM anUdita bhI kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, Apane Age likhA- 've dRSTi saMpanna ho ge|..... Adhunika yuga meM dRSTi saMpannatA kI kucha aisI hI jhalaka hameM mahAtmA gAMdhI meM dekhane ko milatI hai|'lekhk ne mahAvIra bhagavAna kI tulanA gAMdhI jI se karake gAMdhI jI ko bhale hI mahAna banA diyA ho, kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi saMpannatA kI kImata kama kara dii| ahiMsA ke sthUla rUpa ke alAvA gAMdhI jI ne kucha bhI prayoga aise nahIM kiye jisase unake samyak dRSTi hone kA aMdezA bhI hotA ho| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sAmAjika rAjanaitika, arthazAstrIya aura bhI jo kucha bhI yugAnurUpa adhyayana ho vaha jarUra honA cAhie lekina isa bAta kA bhI khyAla rakhA jAnA cAhie ki aisA karate samaya unakI AdhyAtmika garimA aura maulika siddhAMtoM para AMca na aaye| isI prakAra pRSTha 23 para yaha vAkya "deza kI rakSA ke lie samyak jJAna pUrvaka zatru kA vadha bhI hiMsA nahIM hai"- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ciMtana se akSaraza: mela nahIM khaataa| gRhastha ke jIvana meM saMkalpI hiMsA kA pUrNata: tyAga hotA hai, zeSa tIna hiMsAeM, jisameM virodhI hiMsA bhI eka hai vaha usake jIvana meM majabUrI vaza hotI hai lekina ve haiM to hiMsA kA hI bhed| 'vadha' cAhe jaisA bhI ho vaha 'ahiMsA' nahIM ho sktaa| yadyapi isa bAta ko lekhaka ne Age kucha spaSTa kiyA hai kintu isa vAkya ko bhI badalanA caahie| isI pRSTha para eka vAkya aura hai jisa para dhyAnAkRSTa karanA cAhatA hU~- 'prAkRta nae yuga kI bhASA jarUra thI parantu saMskRta, pAli jaisI pUrvavartI bhASAoM se hI vikasita huI thii|' isase jJAta hotA hai ki lekhaka saMskRta to ThIka pAli ko bhI pUrvavartI mAnate haiM jabaki bhASA vaijJAnikoM ke nae anusaMdhAna saMskRta aura prAkRta ko samakAlIna mAnate haiM aura mAnate haiM ki pAli bhI prAkRta bhASA kA hI eka bheda hai| vartamAna meM prAkRta bhASA vid isa viSaya para kaI niSkarSa de cuke haiN| yahAM bhI lekhaka kA hI maulika ciMtana pratIta hotA hai| pustaka kI ina bAtoM kI ora hamAre agraja DaoN. vIrasAgara jI ne dhyAna dilaayaa| tabhI uparokta bAteM maiMne lekhaka evaM pAThakoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa karavAne ke lie likhI haiM; ho

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96 anekAnta 63/3, julAI-sitambara 2010 sakatA hai Age ke saMskaraNoM meM isameM koI saMzodhana sUjha jaaye| ye kucha bAte haiM jinheM yadi maiM na dekhU to mujhe lagatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra para aba taka kI par3hI tamAma pustakoM meM yaha pustaka viSaya, bhASAzailI evaM prabhAva kI dRSTi se sarvotkRSTa hai| aba taka uparokta bAtoM kA dhyAna kisI samIkSaka ne unheM kyoM nahIM dilAyA mujhe isa bAta para acaraja hai| lekhaka sAhitya evaM darzana ke variSTha adhyetA haiN| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, samAdhitaMtra, iSTopadeza, paramappayAyu, yogasAra, aSTapAhuDa, dhyAnazataka, dravya saMgraha Adi graMthoM ke anuvAda bhI Apane kiye haiN| bhASA vijJAna saMbandhI graMtha bhI Apane likhe haiN| ataH apane dIrghakAlika anubhavoM tathA ciMtana kA nicor3a Apane apanI isa kRti meM utArA hai| isa dRSTi se samIkSya kRti atyanta upayogI bhI hai| sunA hai, isa kRti ke aMgrejI sahita kaI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM anuvAda bhI chapa cuke haiN| ataH uparyukta saMzodhanoM ke sAtha yadi kRtiyA~ prakAzita hoM to sarvottama hogaa| -sahAyaka AcArya, jainadarzana vibhAga zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTrIya saMskRta vidyApITha naI dillI-110016

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Year-63, Volume-4 October-December 2010 RNI No. 10591/62 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (janavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002

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anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jalnology & Prakrit Languages) saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' Founder Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro. ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka-rupaye 20/- vArSika - ru. 80/ This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly - Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAna lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|

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munivara-stuti kabadhauM milaiM mohiM zrIguru munivara, karihaiM bhava-dadhi pArA ho| bho udAsa joga jina lIno, chAMDi parigraha bhArA ho| indriya- damana namana mada kIno, viSaya kaSAya nivArA ho|| kaMcana- kAMca barAbara jinake, nindaka baMdaka sArA ho| durdhara-tapa tapi samyak nija ghara, mana-vaca-tana kara dhArA ho|| grISma giri hima saritA tIreM, pAvasa tarutala ThArA ho| karuNA bhIna, cIna trasa- thAvara, IryA paMtha samArA ho|| mAra mAra, vratadhAra zIla dRr3ha, moha mahAbala TArA ho| mAsa chamAsa upAsa, bAsa bana, prAsuka karata ahArA ho|| Arata raudra leza nahiM jinakeM, dharama zukala cita dhArA ho| dhyAnArUr3ha gUr3ha nija Atama, zudha upayoga vicArA ho|| Apa tarahiM aurana ko tArahiM, bhavajanasiMdhu apArA ho| 'daulata' aise jaina jatina ko, nitaprati dhoka hamArA ho|| - kavivara daulatarAma

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viSaya munivara stuti viSayAnukramaNikA 1. jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM : satyANuvrata evaM bhAratIya kAnUna 2. SaTkhaNDAgama meM maMgalAcaraNa kI mahattA 3. dharmasvarUpa 4. zrAvakoM ko 'puruSArtha dezanA' kI upayogitA 5. 6. Adhunika saMdarbha meM rASTra kalyANa meM zrAvaka kI bhUmikA viSayAnukramaNikA 'sAmAyika' kI upAdeyatA 7. pUjA ke AdhAra para - deva, 8. jaina dharma meM dAna vaiziSTya : zAstrIya pariprekSya meM zramaNa aura zramaNAbhAsa 9. 10. jhAlarApATana kA achUtA 11. adhyAtma vikAsa ke 12. grantha- samIkSA 13. vIra sevA maMdira zAstra aura guru jaina - sthApatya AyAma guNasthAna aura pariNAma lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA satendrakumAra jaina - paM. vimalakumAra jaina soMrayA 12-15 pro. udayacandra jaina 16-27 - prAcArya paM. nihAlacaMda jaina DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina paMkaja kumAra jaina DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina lalita zarmA 3 4 5-11 DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina 42-46 DaoN. basanta lAla jaina 47-55 DaoN. jyotibAbU jaina DaoN. Ananda kumAra jaina 28-32 33-41 56-65 66-77 78-81 82-93 94-95 96

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 jainadharma ke pariprekSya meM satyANuvrata evaM bhAratIya kAnUna -satendra kumAra jaina bhArata dharma pradhAna deza ke sAtha hI karma pradhAna deza bhI hai| isameM jitanA mahattva dharma ko diyA jAtA hai, utanA mahattva karma ko bhI diyA jAtA hai| dharma kI vyavasthA ko sucArU rUpa se calAne ke lie puNya-pApa kA vivecana karake dhArmika vyaktiyoM ko pApa se bacane kA nirdeza diyA hai parantu jo vyakti dharma se anabhijJa haiM yA dharma meM jinakI AsthA nahIM hai, una vyaktiyoM ke lie RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama karma svarUpa daNDa kA vidhAna kiyaa| galtI karane vAle ko pazcAtApa svarUpa hA zabda kA vidhAna kiyA, jisakA artha galatI ko svIkAra karanA hai| parantu mAnava jaba apanI galatI ko dubArA karane lagA to usake lie hA zabda ke sAtha mA zabda kA prayoga bhI hone lagA jisakA artha nahIM kruuNgaa| ina do daNDoM ke prayoga ke bAda bhI jaba mAnava kI pravRtti pApa karma se rahita nahIM huI to dhik zabda ke dvArA apane ko dhikkAra karane kA daNDa pracalita huaa| RSabhadeva ne apanA rAjya apane putra bharata ko dekara dIkSA dhAraNa kii| jisase bharata cakravartI bharatavarSa kA rAjA bnaa| usake samaya meM pApa karma kI pravRtti adhika hone lagI aura pUrva meM nirdhArita daNDa kA una para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'aa| taba bharata ne unake lie zArIrika daNDa ko sucArU rUpa se calAyA aura vyakti ke mana,vacana,kAya kI kriyA ke anusAra nyAya-anyAya kara usako daNDa dene kA vidhAna kiyaa| bharata cakravartI ne dharma aura karma ke anusAra daNDa kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyaa| kAla kI pragati ke sAtha-sAtha rAjAoM kI vyavasthA meM parivartana huA aura jIvoM kI mAnasikatA meM bhI parivartana huaa| jisase pApa-puNya pravRtti meM antara AyA aura una pApa pravRttiyoM ke damana ke lie daNDoM kI vyavasthA meM bar3hottarI hotI gii| zanaiH zanaiH rAjAoM kI vyavasthA meM bhI arAjakatA kA prabhAva par3A aura logoM ne rAjatAMtrika praNAlI kI pUrNa sahAyatA lI aura bhAratadeza meM nyAyAlaya kI sthApanA kii| parantu isa vyavasthA meM bhI aMgrejoM ne deza-videza, apane-parAye kA bheda kara, bheda-bhAva karanA prAraMbha kara diyaa| isase logoM ko pUrNa nyAya nahIM mila pAtA thaa| logoM ne nyAyAdhIzoM kA virodha kiyA tathA unake dvArA kiye gaye anyAya kA bahiSkAra kiyaa| phalasvarUpa bhAratadeza 1947 ko svataMtra ho gyaa| svataMtratA ke pazcAt bhAratadeza kI nyAyika vyavasthA ko sucArurUpa se calAne ke lie saMvidhAna kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| jisameM jAtigata bhedabhAva, kSetragata bhedabhAva, vyaktigata bhedabhAva se rahita kAnUna kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| isa saMvidhAna meM kAnUna kA nirmANa karate samaya dhArmika bhAvanAoM aura karma ko pUrNa

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6 anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 mahattva diyA gayA hai| jisase kAnUna ke dvArA kiye gaye nirNayoM meM dharma kA pUrNa sahArA liyA gyaa| vartamAna meM logoM kI mAnyatA kevala kAnUna ke prati hI raha gaI hai| kAnUna kyA kahatA hai? yaha logoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai parantu dhArmika vyakti dharma ke anusAra apanA AcaraNa karatA hai to vaha svayameva kAnUna kA pAlana karatA hI hai / jo vyakti dharma se anabhijJa hokara dhArmika AcaraNa nahIM karate, unako kAnUna kA pAlana balapUrvaka karavAyA jAtA hai| dhArmika AcaraNa karane vAlA vyakti pApa se DaratA hai| jisa kAraNa vaha pApa kI kriyA nahIM karatA, vaha apanI sImA meM rahatA hai aura kAnUna bhI pApa ke nAza ke lie banAyA gayA hai| samAja ke sabhI vyaktiyoM kA AcaraNa dharma ke anasAra ho jAegA to samAja svayameva pApa rahita ho jAegA tathA kAnUna kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM pdd'egii| kAnUna kA prayoga duSTa evaM durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura durAcaraNa kA nAza, samAja kA utthAna, kAnUna kA mukhya uddezya hai| vartamAna bhAratIya saMvidhAna ke nirmANa ke lie prArUpa samiti kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| jisameM saMvidhAna sabhA ke adhyakSa ke rUpa meM DaoN. rAjendra prasAda niyukta hue tathA prArUpa samiti ke adhyakSa DaoN. bhImarAva ambeDakara niyukta hue| inake atirikta mahAtmAgA~dhI, javAharalAla neharU, saradAra vallabha bhAI paTela, DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana, DaoN. saccidAnaMda sinhA Adi gaNamAnya vyaktiyoM kA sahayoga milaa| inameM se lagabhaga sabhI sadasya sabhI darzanoM ke jAnane vAle sUkSmavettA the| dharma ke rahasya ko samajhane vAloM ne sabhI darzanoM se mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko lekara saMvidhAna kA nirmANa kiyA, jinameM jainadarzana kA atyadhika sahayoga rhaa| jainadarzana ke sthUla niyamoM kA tathA bhAvanAoM kA bhAratIya kAnUna para pUrNa prabhAva pdd'aa| inameM mukhya paMcatrata haiM, jo jainadharma aura bhAratIya kAnUna kI mukhya dharohara haiN| jainadarzana aura bhAratIya kAnUna meM AcAra aura vicAra vyaktitva ke samAna zakti vAle do pakSa kahe gaye haiN| donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| vicAroM ke AdhAra para hI hamArA AcaraNa palatA hai tathA AcaraNa se hI vicAroM meM sthiratA AtI hai| ina donoM pakSoM ke saMtulita vikAsa hone para hI vyaktitva kA vizuddha vikAsa hotA hai| isa prakAra ke vikAsa ko hama jJAna aura kriyA kA vikAsa kaha sakate haiN| jo duHkha se mukti ke lie anivArya hai / AcAra aura vicAra kI eka dUsare para isI nirbharatA ko dRSTigata rakhate hue bhAratIya tattvaciMtakoM ne dharma aura darzana kA sAtha-sAtha pratipAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne eka ora jahA~ tattvajJAna kI prarUpaNA kara darzana kI sthApanA kI hai, vahI dUsarI ora AcAra - zAstroM kA nirUpaNa kara sAdhanA kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai| bhAratIya paramparA meM AcAra ko dharma tathA vicAra ko darzana kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcAra aura vicAra ko samAna sthAna diyA gayA hai| ahiMsA mUlaka AcAra aura anekAnta mUlaka vicAra kA pratipAdana jaina paramparA kI pramukha vizeSatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vrata kA svarUpa vrata kA artha pApa rahita jIvana vyatIta karanA hai tathA asAmAjika aura chupakara kiye jAne vAle kArya ko pApa kahate haiN| arthAt jo AtmazAMti kA patana karAye vaha pApa hai, tathA jo pApa se AtmA ko roke athavA mokSa kI ora le jAe vaha vrata hai| AcAyarya pUjyapAda svAmI ne vrata kI paribhASA meM kahA hai- idaM karttavyamidaM na karttavyam iti vratam arthAt yaha karane yogya hai, yaha nahIM karane yogya hai, aisA niyama karanA vrata hai| isase samAja meM baira virodha bar3hAne vAlI pravRttiyoM para niyaMtraNa hotA hai| jainAcAryoM ne vrata ke pA~ca bheda kiye haiM jinameM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha vrata haiN| ina paMca vratoM para jaina zAstroM meM bahuta jora diyA gayA hai| pA~ca vratoM ke paripAlana ke lie vratoM ke do stara sthApita kiye gaye haiN| prathama hai sAdhu mArga aura dvitIya zrAvaka mArga yA gRhastha maarg| inheM kramazaH sAdhu dharma aura zrAvaka dharma bhI kahate haiN| sAdhu mArga nivRttimUlaka hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha rUpI pA~ca pApoM ke paripUrNa tyAga se yaha prAraMbha hotA hai| zrAvaka mArga yA gRhastha mArga kA nirvAha ukta pApoM ke AMzika tyAga se hotA hai| isakA pAlana samAja meM rahane vAle manuSya apanI kSamatA ke anurUpa karate haiN| gRhastha mArga tyAga aura bhoga ke bIca saMtulita jIvana jIne kI paddhati hai| sAdhu jIvana meM jahA~ AdhyAtmika jIvana mUlyoM ke kramika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha mAnavIya guNoM kA saMcAra hotA hai, vahI sAdhu dharma vyakti ko Atmakendrita banAkara pUrNa nivRtti kA mArga prazasta karatA hai| zrAvaka dharma mAnava mAtra meM naitika aura dhArmika guNoM kA AropaNa kara eka zreSTha iMsAna banAtA hai| isa taraha sAdhu dharma ko vyakti dharma tathA zrAvaka dharma ko samAja dharma bhI kaha sakate haiN| samasta jainAcAra, zrAvakAcAra yA gRhasthAcAra tathA zramaNAcAra yA sAdhvAcAra ke rUpa meM vibhAjita hai| jainadarzana meM sAdhu pApa kA svataH tyAgI hotA hai tathA bhAratIya kAnUna pApa se bacAne ke lie daNDa kA vidhAna karatA hai| isalie bhAratIya kAnUna meM jaina sAdhuoM ke lie daNDa kA vidhAna nahIM kiyA gayA hai| parantu zrAvaka pApa kriyAoM ko karatA hai tathA vratoM meM aticAra lagAkara pApa kA arjana bhI karatA hai isa kAraNa bhAratIya kAnUna zrAvakoM ko pApa se bacAne ke lie tathA vratoM kI rakSA ke lie zrAvaka kA pUrNa sahayogI hai| isI krama meM pApa vratoM kI tulanA bhAratIya kAnUna kI dhArAoM se karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai jisameM satyANuvrata ko bhAratIya kAnUna kI dhArAoM se jor3akara zrAvaka ko kAnUna aura dharma ke prati zraddhA utpanna karane kA sUkSma prayAsa hai| satyANuvrata satyavrata jainadharma kA maulika tattva hai| ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA ke lie satya kI upAsanA anivArya hai| jhUThA vyakti sahI arthoM meM ahiMsaka AcaraNa kara hI nahIM sakatA tathA saccA ahiMsaka kabhI asatya AcaraNa nahIM kara sktaa| asatya hiMsA kA janaka hai| ataH jaina muni kabhI bhI asatya vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM krte| hamezA hita, mita aura priya vacanoM kA hI prayoga karate haiN| kaSAyoM se prerita hokara, jAnabUjhakara athavA ajJAnavaza prayoga kiye jAne

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vAle kaThora vacana doSayukta hone ke kAraNa tyAjya haiN| isI prakAra ve saMdigdha athavA nizcaya kI dazA meM nizcaya vANI kA prayoga bhI nahIM karate, pUrNa rUpa se nizcita ho jAne para nizcita vANI bolate haiN| ve satya, mRdu aura nirdoSa bhASA meM hI bolate haiM tathA satya hone para bhI kabhI bhI avajJA-sUcaka vacanoM kA prayoga nahIM karate, varan sammAna sUcaka zabdoM kA hI prayoga karate haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM to jaina sAdhu, vicAra va vivekapUrNa saMyamita aura saMtulita bhASA kA hI prayoga karate hai| isI kAraNa bhAratIya kAnUna meM jaina sAdhu ko aparAdha koTi se mukta kiyA gayA hai, unake lie kisI bhI prakAra kA kAnUna nahIM hai| kAnUna to sthUla jhUTha kA tyAga karane vAle satyANuvratI aura avratI ke lie hai, kyoMki zrAvaka muni ke samAna sUkSma jhUTha kA tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| isalie use sthUla jhUTha kA hI tyAga karAyA jAtA hai| jisa jhUTha se samAja meM pratiSThA na rahe, prAmANikatA khaNDita hotI ho, logoM meM avizvAsa utpanna hotA ho tathA rAjadaNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3e, isa prakAra ke jhUTha ko sthUla jhUTha kahate haiN| satyANuvratI zrAvaka isa prakAra ke sthUla jhUTha kA mana, vacana, kAya se sarvathA tyAga karatA hai, sAtha hI vaha kabhI aisA satya bhI nahIM bolatA jisase kisI para Apatti AtI ho| vaha apanI ahiMsaka bhAvanA kI surakSA ke lie hita, mita aura priya vacanoM kA hI prayoga karatA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI jI ne satya kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki asadabhidhAnamanRtam arthAt asat kahanA jhUTha hai| asat ke tIna artha lie jA sakate hai|, pahalA artha jo bAta nahIM hai vaha kahanA, dUsarA artha jaisI bAta kahI gaI hai vaisI na kahanA, tIsarA artha burAI yA durbhAvanA ko lekara kisI se khnaa| ise jhUTha kahA gayA hai| asatya se bacAva ke kAraNa ___ asatya bolane se mAnava kA sarvatomukhI patana hotA hai| AcAryoM ne kahA hai ki mAnava kina kAraNoM se jhUTha bolatA hai jisase usake vrata meM aticAra lagatA hai una aticAroM se bacane ke lie bhAvanAoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM asatya se bacane ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana karate hue kahA hai kikrodhalobhabhIrutvahAsyapratyAkhyAnAnyanuvIcibhASaNaM ca paJca arthAt krodha, lobha, bhaya, hAsya kA tyAga tathA zAstrAnusAra vacana kA prayoga karanA ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ haiN| jisase mAnava asatya se bacatA hai| krodha, lobha, bhaya, hAsya ke vazIbhUta hokara hamezA asatya kA sahArA letA hai| krodha meM vaha yaha jAna nahIM pAtA ki usake mukha se satya vacana nikala rahe haiM yA asatya vacana tathA vaha vacana kisI ke hita meM nikala rahe haiM yA ahita meM nikala rahe bhAratIya kAnUna meM krodha meM bolA gayA asatya, bhaya meM bolA gayA asatya, lobha meM bolA gayA asatya, hAsya meM bolA gayA asatya tathA anargala vArtAlApa meM apamAnita karane ke Azaya se asatya bhASaNa kiyA gayA hai to usake lie dhArA 500 ke tahata do varSa kArAvAsa yA jurmAne kI sajA tathA yadi anya ko kapaTa karane ke Azaya se asatya bhASaNa kiyA gayA to dhArA 417 ke anusAra 1 varSa yA jurmAnA tathA 419 ke antargata 3 varSa yA jurmAne kI sajA kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 satyANuvrata ke aticAra satyavratI pUrNa sAvadhAnI se apane vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai parantu jaba vaha samAja meM vyavahAra karatA hai to usake vratoM meM aticAra lagane kI saMbhAvanA adhika ho jAtI hai| AcArya umAsvAmI jI tattvArtha sUtragraMtha meM satya vrata ke aticAroM ko pA~ca prakAra kA kahA hai-mithyopadezarahobhyAkhyAnakUTalekhakriyAnyAsApahArasAkAramaMtrabhedAH arthAt mithyopadeza, strI puruSa kI gupta vArtA ko prakaTa karanA, kUTalekhakriyA, parasaMpatti ko har3apa jAnA, saMketa dvArA kisI ke Azaya ko na samajhakara bAta ko ujAgara karanA, ye pA~ca prakAra ke aticAra jainadarzana meM vratI ke lie niSiddha kahe gaye haiN| mithyopadeza saccA jhUThA samajhAkara kisI ko kumArga para lgaanaa| asatya kA upadeza denA, nApa-taula meM kisa prakAra kA chala kapaTa kiyA jAtA hai, kisa taraha cAlAkI aura beImAnI karake vyApAra kiyA jA sakatA hai Adi mithyA kAryoM ke prati preraNA denA mithyopadeza hai| mithyopadeza ke antargata hatyA karane ke lie kisI ko salAha denA, rAjya ke virUddha logoM ko upadeza denA Adi kAryoM ke upadeza ko mithyopadeza meM lenA caahie| ___ bhAratIya kAnUna meM mithyA gavAhI denA, mithyopadeza meM ginA jAtA hai| mithyA sAkSya dene vAle ko dhArA 191 ke anusAra sAta varSa kArAvAsa tathA jurmAne se daNDita kiyA jAtA hai| mithyA sUcanA dene para dhArA 177 ke aMtargata 6 mAha se 2 varSa taka sajA hotI hai tathA jurmAne ke rUpa meM 1000 rUpaye denA par3ate haiN| yadi aparAdha ke kArita hone ke saMbandha meM mithyA sUcanA dI gaI ho to dhArA 203 ke antargata do varSa yA jurmAne se daNDanIya hogaa| kisI sacce vyakti ko aparAdha meM lagAne ke lie salAha dene para dhArA 110 se 120 ke tahata bhinna-bhinna sajA kA prAvadhAna hai| parantu duSpreraNa SaDyantra dvArA kiyA jAtA hai to dhArA 120 kha ke tahata 2 varSa kA kArAvAsa tathA jurmAnA hotA hai tathA aparAdha ghaTita ho jAne para aparAdha ke anusAra sajA dI jAtI hai| rahobhyAkhyAna kisI kI gupta bAta ko kisI ke sAmane pragaTa kara denA jaise koI vyakti ekAnta sthAna meM kisI se rahasya kI bAta kara rahA ho athavA strI puruSa bAta kara raheM to unheM badanAma karane ke lie aphavAha phailA dene ko rahobhyAkhyAna kahate haiN| isameM rAjakIya gopanIya bAtoM kA bhI grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisakA rahasya khula jAne se rASTra ko hAni hone kI AzaMkA hotI hai yA rASTra meM hiMsA kA mAhaula phaila sakatA hai yA ApAtakAlIna sthiti A sakatI hai yA zatru pakSa se hAni ho sakatI hai| ___ bhAratIya kAnUna meM ina bAtoM ke lie daNDa kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yadi koI vyakti kisI kI gopanIya bAtoM ko ujAgara karatA hai parantu apamAnita karane ke Azaya se nahIM hai to koI sajA nahIM hotI, parantu kisI ko badanAma karane ke uddezya se aphavAha phailAne para dhArA 500 ke tahata do varSa kA kArAvAsa athavA jurmAne kI sajA milatI hai|

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10 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 kUTalekha kriyA kitane hI zrAvakoM kI yaha bhrAnta dhAraNA hotI hai ki maiMne sthUla asatya bolane kA parityAga kiyA hai, kintu asatya likhane kA nhiiN| isI kAraNa hAtha se mithyA lekha denA, jAlI huNDI, bilTI, noTa, sikke, muhara Adi banAnA isI taraha bahIkhAtoM meM jhUThA jamA-kharca karanA Adi kArya karane meM saMkoca kA anubhava nahIM karate haiN| bhale hI mu~ha se jhUTha na bolA gayA ho, para lekhana meM to bhayaMkara jhUTha hai| isa prakAra ke sabhI mithyA lekha kUTalekhakriyA ke antargata Ate haiN| jainadarzana meM kUTalekha ke lie jina kAraNoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai unhIM kAraNoM kA bhAratIya kAnUna meM bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| mithyA lekha jAlI huNDI, bahIkhAtoM kA pharjI honA Adi kAraNa kahe haiM, unameM yadi koI vyakti aparAdhI mAnA jAtA hai to use dhArA 465 ke tahata 2 varSa kA kArAvAsa athavA jurmAne kI sajA dI jAtI hai tathA rAjakIya sikke ke jAlI hone saMbaMdhI sAmagrI prApta hone para, becane para, upayoga meM lAne hetu ekatra karane para dhArA 232, 233, 234, 235 ke tahata 3 varSa se lekara 10 varSa taka ke kArAvAsa kA bhAgIdAra hogaa| muhara, noTa, sarakArI sTAmpa pepara Adi ke jAlI hone para dhArA 255 ke tahata banAne vAle ko 10 varSa kArAvAsa hI sajA tathA becane vAle ko dhArA 257 ke tahata 7 varSa ke kArAvAsa kI sajA milatI hai| vahIkhAtoM ke jAlI hone para dhArA 477a ke tahata 7 varSa kA kArAvAsa athavA jurmAne kI sajA kA hakadAra hai| nyAsApahAra caturtha sthUla satya ke aticAroM meM dUsare kI dharohara kA haraNa karane ke lie prayukta asatya ko nyAsApahAra kahA hai| lobha ke kAraNa kisI kI rakhI huI amAnata ko har3apane ke Azaya se kama-jyAdA yA sarvathA iMkAra kara denA nyAsApahAra hai, yadyapi AcArya manu ne bhI kahA hai yo nikSepaM nArpayati yazcAnikSipya yaacte| tAvubhau coravacchAsyau dASyau vA tatsama dmm|| arthAt dharohara ko na lauTAne ko taskara kRtya mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki use taskara kI taraha daNDita karanA caahie| para yahA~ nyAsApahAra ko asatya meM ginA gayA hai kyoMki yaha kukRtya asatya bolakara kiyA jAtA hai| yaha bhI dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva se bolA jAtA hai| bar3hiyA dharohara ko ghaTiyA kahanA tathA naye ko purAnI aura purAnI ko naI kahanA bhI isI ke antargata AtA hai| bhAratIya kAnUna meM saMpatti ke apaharaNa kiye jAne para yA jabarana chIna lene para apaharaNa karane vAle athavA avaidha rUpa se kabjA karane vAle para dhArA 208 ke tahata do varSa kI sajA tathA jurmAnA bhI ho sakatA hai athavA parasaMpatti ko har3apane ke irAde se beImAnI se nyAyAlaya meM mithyA dAvA karane para dhArA 209 ke tahata do sAla kI sajA kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 sAkAramaMtrabheda pati-patnI kI athavA kanyA kI yA yuvaka kI gupta bAtoM ko apamAna karane ke uddezya se anya logoM ke sAmane prakaTa karanA jisase usakI badanAmI ho jaaye| isameM jisa prakAra puruSa kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karane kA niSedha puruSa athavA strI donoM ke lie kiyA hai tathA strI kI gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karane kA niSedha puruSa athavA strI donoM ke lie hai| bhAratIya kAnUna meM eka dUsare ke prati AkSepa lagAkara gupta bAtoM ko prakaTa karane para yadi kisI kI badanAmI hotI hai to vaha gupta bAta ko prakaTa karane vAlA AropI dhArA 500 ke tahata do varSa kArAvAsa tathA jurmAne kI sajA kA hakadAra hai| niSkarSa ___ bhAratIya saMskRti meM prAcIna kAla se hI dharma kA jora rahA hai parantu vartamAna samaya meM logoM ke vicAroM meM parivartana AyA aura dharma kA sthAna parivartana hokara karma ne le liyaa| karma ke vazIbhUta hokara vyakti nyAya-anyAya kA dhyAna na rakha AjIvikA kA upArjana karane lgaa| bhAratIya samAja meM anyAya tathA pApa karma meM roka lagAne ke lie prAcIna kAla se hI kAnUna vyavasthA prAraMbha huii| dharma aura kAnUna kA uddezya pApa pravRtti ko samApta karanA tathA puNya pravRtti ko bar3hAvA denA hai| isI kAraNa yadi vyakti dharma kA pAlana samyak prakAra se karatA hai to use kAnUna kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI tathA kAnUna kA pAlana bhI binA prayAsa ke ho jAtA hai| isI kar3I meM jainadarzana ke siddhAMtoM kA prayoga kAnUna vyavasthA meM sarvAdhika huA hai ata: jainadarzana ke siddhAMtoM kA pAlana svataH pApa se nivRtti kA mArga saMdarbha1. AdipurANa, AcArya jinasena, saMpAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 2004 sarvArthasiddhi, AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI, saMpAdaka-paM. phUlacanda zAstrI, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sNskrnn-cturth| 3. tattvArthasUtra, AcArya umAsvAmI jI, saMyojana -bra. pradIpa zAstrI, prakAzaka-zrI di. sAhitya prakAzaka samiti barelA, jabalapura, sNskrnn-prthm| 4. manusmRti, hindI TIkAkAra-paM. haragovinda zAstrI, saM. gopAla zAstrI, prakAzana-caukhambA saMskRta saMsthAna, vArANasI, 2006 5. bRhad aparAdha vidhiyA~, daNDa prakriyA saMhitA, 1973, bhAratIya daNDa saMhitA, 1860, bhAratIya sAkSya adhiniyama, 1972, pI. ke. mukharjI, prakAzaka- maoNDarna laoN hAUsa, 2006 -jaina anuzIlana kendra rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura jayapura (rAjasthAna)

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 SaTkhaNDAgama meM maMgalAcaraNa kI mahattA -paM. vimalakumAra jaina sorayA SaTakhaNDAgama evaM kaSAya prAbhRta aise graMtha haiM jinakA saMbandha dvAdazAMga vANI se mAnA jAtA hai kyoMki dvAdazAMga zruta kA isa graMtha meM vistAra se paricaya karAyA gayA hai| kalikAla sarvajJa bhagavaMta vIrasena svAmI ne dhavalA graMtha meM kahA hai ki 'trikAla viSayaka samasta padArthoM ke viSaya karane vAle pratyakSa ananta kevala jJAna ke prabhAva se pramANIbhUta AcArya rUpa praNAlI se Ane ke kAraNa pratyakSa va anumAna se cUMki virodha se rahita hai ata: yaha graMtha pramANa hai|" (dha.bhAga 9 pRSTha 133) dRSTivAda bArahavAM aMga prastuta siddhAnta graMthoM kA udgama sthAna hai| dRSTivAda ke antargata parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata aura cUlikA yaha 5 prabheda haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama ke jJAtA zrI dharasenAcArya the jo giranAra kI candraguphA meM dhyAna karate the| vaha AcArAMga ke pUrNa jJAtA the tathA aMgoM aura pUrvo ke ekadeza jJAtA the| nandi saMgha kI prAkRta paTTAvali meM arhadbali, mAghanaMdi aura dharasena tathA unake pazcAt puSpadaMta-bhUtabalI ko eka dUsare kA uttarAdhikArI batAyA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki dharasenAcArya ke dAdA guru arhabali evaM guru mAghanaMdI the| isa paTTAvalI ke AraMbha meM bhadrabAhu aura unake ziSya guptigupta kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| gautama svAmI se lohAcArya taka ke samaya kA ullekha milatA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 683 varSa pazcAt aMtima zrI dharasena puSpadaMta bhUtabalI AcArya hue| zrI dharasenAcArya ne dakSiNa bhArata meM zrI mahAsenAcArya ke saMgha meM vihAra kara rahe puSpadaMta-bhUtabalI jaise prajJAvaMta RSiyoM ko patra bhejakara apane pAsa bulAyA thA aura satkarma pAhur3a ke sUtroM kA bodha diyA thaa| isI kI prasiddhi SaTkhaNDAgama ke rUpa meM huii| dharasenAcArya ke dvArA ASAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI ko adhyayana pUrA huA aura usI dina donoM ziSyoM ko apane pAsa se vidA kara diyaa| kyoMki dharasena svAmI ko jJAta huA thA ki unakI mRtyu nikaTa hai| vaha zruta jJAna kI rakSA saMbandhI apanA karttavya pUrA kara cuke haiN| jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko donoM maMgalakArI AcAryoM ne sUtra rUpa meM SaTkhaNDAgama zAstra nibaddha kara caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha zrutajJAna kI pUjA kI thii| SaTkhaNDAgama graMtha ke 3 khaNDoM kI 12000 zlokoM meM parikarma nAma kI TIkA zrI kundakunda AcArya ne likhI aura dhavalAkAra ne isa parikarma nAma kI TIkA kA aneka bAra ullekha kiyA hai| isake alAvA AcArya zrI zAmakuMDa kI 'paddhati' TIkA, AcArya zrI tumbukUra kI cUDAmaNi TIkA, AcArya zrI samantabhadra tathA vappadeva kRta vyAkhyA prajJapti TIkA kA ullekha milatA hai| AcAryoM ne

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 13 isa mahAna graMtha kI aneka TIkAe~ kii| zrI samantabhadra svAmI ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke 5 khaNDoM kI 84 hajAra zloka pramANa saMskRta meM TIkA likhI hai parantu vaha saba upalabdha nahIM hai| antima TIkAkAra kalikAla sarvajJa bhagavaMta vIrasena AcArya hue| jinhoMne kArtika zuklA 13 zaka saMvat 738 meM isa graMtha kI TIkA pUrI kI jo dhavalA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha 72000 zloka pramANa hai| vIrasena AcArya kevalI ke samAna samasta vidyAoM ke pAradarzI the| unakI sarvArtha gAminI naisargika prajJA ko dekhakara sarvajJa kI sattA meM kisI manISI ko zaMkA nahIM rahI thii| zrI vIrasena AcArya kI dhavalA TIkA ne Agama sUtroM ko camakA diyA, isalie unakI dhavalA ko bhAratI kI bhuvana sthApinI kahA hai| (Adi purANa utthAnikA) zrI dharasena AcArya ke samaya guNadhara AcArya hue haiN| unhoMne kaSAya prAbhRta kI racanA kI thii| jaya dhavalA meM zrI yativRSabha AcArya ko kaSAya prAbhRta kA vRtti sUtrakartA kahA hai| vRtti se tAtparya jisameM sUtroM kA hI vivaraNa ho| bhagavaMta vIrasena AcArya ne bhI isake eka bhAga kI TIkA likhI, zeSa bhAga zrI jinasena AcArya ne pUre kiye| jo jaya dhavalA ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| isakI TIkA 60000 zloka pramANa hai| SaTkhaNDAgama kA chaThavAM khaNDa mahAbaMdha hai| jo mahA dhavala ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isakI TIkA 40 hajAra zloka pramANa hai tathA 7 bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai| jaina Agama paramparA meM SaTkhaNDAgama prathama prAmANika Agama graMtha hai| isa graMtha ke AraMbha meM AcArya zrI puSpadaMta svAmI ne "Namo arihaMtANa Namo siddhANaM Namo AyariyANaM Namo uvajjhAyANaM Namo loe savvasAhUNaM" kI racanA kara paMca parameSThI ko namaskAra kiyA hai jo maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| yaha maMtra zAstra kI dRSTi se mahAmaMtra hai| pUrva saMcita karmoM ke vinAza kA nAma maMgala hai| -(dha 9/2) ___maMtra zabda 'mana' dhAtu se STran (tra) pratyaya lagAkara banAyA gayA hai| 'manyate jJAyate AtmA dezo'nena iti maMtra" arthAt jisake dvArA AtmA kA Adeza nijAnubhava jAnA jAe vaha maMtra NamokAra maMtra namaskAra maMtra hai, isameM samasta pApa mala aura duSkarmo ko bhasma karane kI zakti hai| isa maMtra ke uccAraNa se AtmA meM dhanAtmaka aura RNAtmaka donoM prakAra kI vidyuta zaktiyAM utpanna hotI haiN| jisase karma kalaMka bhasma ho jAtA hai| isa maMtra meM samasta zruta jJAna kI akSara saMkhyA nihita hai| jainadarzana ke tattva, padArtha, dravya, guNa, paryAya, naya nikSepa, Azrava, baMdha Adi isa maMtra meM vidyamAna haiN| samasta maMtroM kI mUlabhUta mAtRkAeM (dhvaniyAM) isa mahAmaMtra meM vartamAna haiN| (maM.maM.ba.eka anu.) NamokAra maMtra meM mAtRkA dhvaniyoM kA sRSTikrama, sthitikrama aura saMhArakrama sanniviSTa hai| isIlie yaha maMtra Atma kalyANa ke sAtha laukika abhyudayoM ko dene vAlA hai| saMhAra krama karma vinAza ko prakaTa karatA hai tathA sRSTikrama aura sthiti krama AtmAnubhUti ke sAtha laukika abhyudayoM kI prApti meM bhI sahAyaka hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 kaSAyajanya azAnti aura becainI ko dUra karane ke lie nAnA prakAra ke maMgala vAkyoM kI pratiSThA kI hai| jinake smaraNa, manana, ciMtana aura uccAraNa se zAnti milatI hai, mana pavitra hotA hai tathA Atma kalyANa kI bhAvanA kA parisphuraNa hotA hai| ahaMta bhagavAna divya audArika zarIra ke dhArI ghAtiyA karma mala se rahita ananta catuSTaya se yukta aneka nAmoM se pukAre jAte haiN| jo pUrNa rUpa se apane svarUpa meM sthita haiM, kRtakRtya haiM, aSTakarma naSTakara siddha hue aise siddha paramAtmA haiN| 12 tapa, 10 dharma, 5 AcAra, 6 Avazyaka, 3 gupti yukta 36 mUlaguNoM ke dhArI AcArya parameSThI haiN| jo saMgha ke nAyaka bana svarUpacAritra meM magana rahate haiM aura caudaha vidyA sthAna ke vyAkhyAna karane vAle upAdhyAya parameSThI haiM tathA gyAraha aMga, caudaha pUrva ke pAThI hote haiN| jo ananta jJAnAdi rUpa zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa kI sAdhanA karate haiM, tIna guptiyoM se surakSita haiM, aThAraha hajAra zIla ke bhedoM ko dhAraNa karate haiM aura 84 lAkha uttara guNoM kA pAlana karate haiM aise sAdhu parameSThI haiN| aise pAMcoM parameSThiyoM ko isa NamokAra maMtra meM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha NamokAra mahAmaMtra anAdi hai pratyeka kalpakAla meM hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM dvArA isake artha kA tathA gaNadharoM dvArA isake zabdoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie isa mahA maMgala rUpa mahAmaMtra ko SaTkhaNDAgama ke prathama khaNDa jIvaTThANa ke prAraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM aMkita kiyA gayA hai| ataH dhavalA TIkAkAra zrI vIrasena AcArya ne TIkA meM graMtha racanA ke krama kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai maMgala Nimitta heU parimANaM NAma taha ca kttaarN| vAgariya chappipacchA vakkhA Nau satthamAiriyo / arthAt maMgala, nimitta, hetu, pariNAma, nAma, kartA ina chaha adhikAroM kA vyAkhyAna karane ke pazcAt zAstra kA vyAkhyAna AcArya karate haiN| maMgala ke do bheda haiN| nibaddha aura anibaddha arthAt pUrva paraMparA se cale Ae kisI maMgala sUtra yA zloka ko aMkita nibaddha maMgala hai| tathA racanA ke Adi meM maMgala vAkya binA likheM jo namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha anibaddha kahalAtA hai| (dhavalA graMtha) zrI jinasenAcArya likhate haiM- "svakAvyamukhe svakRtaM padyaM nivaddhama parakRtama nibaddham" arthAt svaracita maMgala apane graMtha meM nibaddha aura anya racita maMgala sUtra ko apane graMtha meM likhanA anibaddha kahA jAtA hai| isa AdhAra para NamokAra maMtra ko anibaddha maMgala kahA jAyagA kyoMki puSpadaMta isake racayitA nahIM haiM unheM to yaha paraMparA se prApta thaa| ata: unhoMne isa maMgala vAkya ko graMtha ke Adi meM aMkita kara diyaa| isIlie vIrasena svAmI ne apanI dhavalA TIkA (1/49) meM ise anibaddha maMgala khaa| AcArya vAdIbhasiMha ne kSatracUDAmaNi graMtha meM batAyA-maraNonmukha kutte ko jIvandhara svAmI ne karuNAvaza NamokAra maMtra sunAyA thA, jisake prabhAva se pApAcArI zvAna deva ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| ataH siddha hai ki maMtra Atma zuddhi kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 __ maMgalAcaraNa se pUrva saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai aura SaTakhaNDAgama ke saba sUtroM se unake par3hane aura manana karane rUpa kriyA meM pravRtta hue jIvoM ke pratisamaya asaMkhyAta guNita zreNI se pUrva saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| phira maMgalAcaraNa kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? isa viSaya meM dha. pu. 8 pRSTha 3 para puSpadaMta AcArya ne kahA hai ki "sUtra adhyayana se to sAmAnya se karmoM kI nirjarA kI jAtI hai kiMtu maMgalAcaraNa se sUtra adhyayana meM bighna karane vAle karmoM kA vinAza kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki sUtrArtha ke jJAna aura abhyAsa meM bighna utpanna karane vAle karmoM kA jaba taka vinAza na hogA, taba taka usakA jJAna aura abhyAsa donoM asaMbhava haiN| dhavalA, graMtha meM maMgala ke paryAyavAcI nAma die haiM vaha haiM puNya, pUta, pavitra, prazasta, ziva, bhadra, kSema, kalyANa, zubha, saukhya yaha saba maMgala zabda jaise samAnArthI uddezyoM kI hI vidhA hai| maMgala kA tAtparya jo jIva ko sukha aura puNya kA dAtA hai karma maloM ko ghAtanA, galAnA, vinaSTa karanA, hanana karanA, dahanA, zuddha karanA, vidhvaMsa karanA, rUpa meM kahA gayA hai arthAt jo puNya lAtA hai, sukha lAtA hai vaha maMgala hai| jinendra deva kA guNagAna mukhya maMgala hai tathA pIlI sarasoM, kalaza, vaMdanavAra, zveta varNa darpaNa Adi amukhya maMgala haiN| caudaha vidyAoM ke pAragAmI AcArya puSpadaMta bhUtabalI maMgala kartA haiM tathA bhavya jIva maMgala karane ke yogya haiN| ratnatraya kI sAdhaka sAmagrI maMgala kA upAya hai jaise mana, vacana, kAya kI ekAgratA se arhatAdi ko smaraNa kara namaskAra karanA aadi| paMcAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti meM (1/5/9) maMgala ke nimna prakAra bheda kie gaye haiM (1) sAmAnya se maMgala eka prakAra kA hai| (2) mukhya aura gauNa kI apekSA do prakAra kA hai| (3) samyakdarzana, samyajJAna, samyakcAritra (ratnatraya) kI apekSA maMgala tIna prakAra kA hai| (4) arihaMta maMgala, siddha maMgala, sAdhu maMgala aura dharma (kevalIpaNNatto dhammo) kI apekSA maMgala cAra prakAra hai| (5) jJAna darzana mana gupti, vacanagupti, kAya gupti (tIna gupti) kI apekSA se 5 prakAra kA hai| (6) nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA 6 prakAra kA tathA (7) jinendra deva ko namaskAra isa rUpa se maMgala aneka prakAra kA hai| "zAstra ke lekhana ke Adi meM maMgala isalie kiyA jAtA hai ki ziSya zIghra hI zAstra ke pAragAmI hoN| madhya meM maMgala karane se zAstra ke svAdhyAya Adi kI vyucchitti nahIM hotI aura aMta meM maMgala karane se vidyA va vidyA ke phala kI prApti hotI hai|" lekina laukika kAryoM ke lie mAtra Adi meM hI maMgala karanA caahie| (dha.pu. 9 pRSTha 4) dhavalA graMtha meM NamokAra' rUpa kiye gae maMgala kI niraMtara ArAdhanA karane se jIva kI sadgati evaM paraMparA se mokSa gati kI prApti hote dekhI gaI hai| ata: maMgala maMtra NamokAra mere Atma kalyANa ke mArga meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM merA va sabakA upakAra kre| -- pradhAna saMpAdaka 'vItarAgIvANI', sela sAgara, TIkamagar3ha (ma.pra.)-472 002

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 dharmasvarUpa -pro. udayacandra jaina sammANe asammANe samaM khamejja miduM midujjejj| jaNo jaNaM parijaNaM sa-jaNaM sahajate pariccAgedi kiNNu tti Na cattedi pdiddhN| mANa ca AdhAro 'paraM' Na 'paraM' nniy-munnnnN| aNuvvadIe paccakkhaNa-saMjalaNa-maraNaM, mahavvadoe saMjalaNa-mANaM tato viNo ThAi tti| so khaejja maddava-sahAveNaM c| sammAna aura asammAna meM samatA dhAraNa kare evaM mRdutA ko drshaae| vyakti jana, parijana evaM svajana ko sahaja rUpa meM chor3a sakatA hai, kintu Atma-pratiSThA ko nhiiN| mAna kA AdhAra 'para' nahIM, apitu 'para' ko apanA mAnanA hai| aNuvratI ke pratyAkhyAna, saMjvalana mAna, mahAvratI ke saMjvalana mAna rahatA hai para vaha sthAyI nahIM, vaha bhI mArdava guNa se chUTa jAtA 3. uttama-ajjavo ujjuNakSaNa- ajjvN| ujjagukSaNaM akuDilakSaNaM avakkakSaNaM amAittaM mAyA-rahidakSaNaM ca ajjvN| uttama Arjava RjutA honA/ sarala pariNAma honA Arjava hai| RjutA, akuTilatA, avakratA, amamatva, mAyA rahitva Adi honA Arjava hai| ajjavo ya avakkattaM kaay-vaag-mnnaavgN| jogassa riju-bhAvo tti maayaa-udy-nniggho|| ajjavo rijubhAvo tti

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 amamAitta- appnno| mAyA-mama-pariccAgo avaMka jog-nniggho|| rijubhAvo tti ajjvo| riju tti sarala- prinnaamo| mAyAcAra-pariNAdi-rahido bhAvo ajjvo| mokSuNa kuDilabhAvaM Nimmala-hidameNa caradi smnno| ajjvadhammo taiyo, tassa du saMbhavadi nniymenn|| (bArasa-aNu073) avakratA, kAya, vacana aura mana kI honA, yoga kA RjubhAva hai jo mAyA kaSAya ke udaya kA nigraha bhI hai| RjubhAva, AtmA nirmala bhAva mamatva rahita svabhAva Arjava hai| mAyA- mamatva kA parityAga avakratA evaM yoga nigraha Arjava hai| RjutA kA bhAva honA Arjava dharma hai| Rju kA artha hai sarala prinnaam| mAyAcAra rahita pariNati rUpa bhAva, Arjava hai| jo zramaNa kuTila bhAva ko chor3akara nirmala hita se gatizIla rahatA hai, usakA niyama se Arjava dharma hai| mAyAbhAvo tti ajjavo mAyA kuDilabhAvo vaMkaM chalaM kavaDaM ca tassa pariccAgo tti ajjavo mAyA-abhAvo tti| jo ciMtediNa vaMkaM, kuNadi Na vaMka Na jaMpae vNk| Na ya govadi Niyadose ajjavadhammo have tss|| (kArti.396) mAyA kA abhAva honA Arjava hai mAyA kA artha hai kuTila vakratA, chala evaM kapaTa, usakA parityAga Arjava hai mAyA kA abhAva hai| jo na vakra socatA, na vakra karatA, na vakra bolatA, aura na apane doSa ko chipAtA hai, usakA Arjava dharma hotA hai| sahaja-sarala-visuddha-pariNAmI sohI atthi| jo Ada-sohI hodi

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00 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 tassa viDhadi dhmmo| so daMsaNa-NANa-pahANa-Asame Thido samAsejja cArittaM smmcaarittN| cArittaM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samo tti Ni nniddittttho| dasaNa-NANa-cArittaM ca samo appaNo pariNAmo so| sahaja, sarala evaM vizuddha pariNAmI sodhI hotA hai| jo AtmA sodhI hotA hai, usake dharma ThaharatA hai| vaha darzana, jJAna pradhAna Azrama meM sthita cAritra/ samyakcAritra kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| cAritra dharma hai, jo yaha dharma hai vahI 'sama' kahA jAtA hai| darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI ekarUpatA kA nAma sama/ samatva hai jo AtmA kA pariNAma hai| rohejja duggadi viDDhiM jamma-maraNaM puNa puNeva vaMka pariNAmeNa jaayde| jaM ki jage maNasA vaMkaM ciMtedi vayasA vaMkaM jaMpedi kAeNa kuNedi vNk| teNa kAraNeNa tiriccha-gadiM pttedi| taccatthasutte pnnnneksso-maayaa-tiricch-jonninno| mAyA- chala- kapaDo ca tatto Asavo baMdho vitiriccha gdiie| jo mAyA-mamattAdiM ijjedi so puNo puNa jamma-maraNaM patteti duggadIe viDDhiM ca beddddhedi| Arjava dharma durgati aura janma-maraNa kI vRddhi ko rokatA hai| punaH punaH janma-maraNa vakra pariNAma se hotA hai| kyoMki isa jagat meM jo mana se vakra socatA hai, vacana se vakra bolatA hai aura kAyA se vakra karatA hai| usa kAraNa se tiryacagati ko prApta hotA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA- mAyA tairyayonasya 16/17) mAyA chala-kapaTa hai, usase Azrava aura baMdha hotA hai| tiryacagati kaa| jo mAyA-mamatva kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha bAra- bAra janma-maraNa ko prApta hotA hai aura durgati kI vRddhi ko bar3hAtA hai| mAyA - vatthu-sarUva-aNNadhA-muNaNaM Ada-sahAvaM jadha tadha Na muNaNaM Na jANaNaM aNhadhA pariNamaNaM aNhadhA icchaNaM ca aNaMta kuddilkssnnN| tamhA kAraNAdu Ada-sahAvaM vatthaM-sarUvaM Na jaannedi| Ada- viparIda-bhAvo vaMkattaM virUvattaM Adi kuvvedi, jo aNaMtANubaMdhI maayaa-ksaay-prinnaamo|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vastu svarUpa kA anyathA mAnanA AtmA kA jaisA svabhAva hai, vaisA na mAnanA, na jAnanA, anyathA pariNamana evaM anyathA icchA karanA anaMta kuTilatA hai, usa kAraNa se Atma svabhAva, vastu svarUpa Adi nahIM jAna pAtA hai| AtmA kA viparIta bhAva vakratA virUpatA Adi utpanna karatA hai| jo anaMtAnubaMdhI mAyA kaSAya kA pariNAma hai| kassiM kiyattu mAyA micchatta-pariNAma-sahAvamhi aNaMtANubaMdhI mAyAe abhAvo No, sammAdiTiTha jaadi| aNuvvadI- sAvagamhi appaccakkhANa mAyA nno| mahavvadimha paccakkhANa mAyA bhAvo, saMjalaNa-sambhAvo jahakkhAda-cArittassa saMjalaNa mAyAkasAyA bhaavo| jAe jAe mAyAe abhAvo tesuM aMsesuM ca ajjvdhmmo| kisameM kitanI mAyA? mithyAtva pariNAma svabhAva vAle meM anaMtAnubaMdhI mAyA kA abhAva nahIM hotA, apitu samyakdRSTi ke hotA hai| aNuvratI zrAvaka ke apratyAkhyAna mAyA nhiiN| mahAvratI meM pratyAkhyAna mAyA kA abhAva hotA hai, saMjvalana mAyA kaSAya kA sadbhAva hotA hai, yathAkhyAna cAritra ke saMjvalana mAyA kaSAya kA abhAva hotA hai| jitane aMzoM meM mAyA kaSAya kA abhAva hai utane aMzoM meM Arjava dharma hotA hai| ajjavadhammajaNassa bahira ambhitara- rijusnnN| joge vi taM guNaM bhAve vi| jo maNe so vAe jo vAe so dehe vi| so legiga logottara- uhaya-diTThiNA ujjttu-bhaavii| tatto hodi asuhakammANaM saMvaro jaadi| Arjava dharma vAle vyakti ke bAhara aura bhItara RjutA rahatI hai yoga meM RjutA aura bhAva meM bhI Rjutaa| jo mana meM vaha vacana meM, jo vacana meM vaha tana meN| vaha laukika aura lokottara donoM dRSTiyoM se RjutA bhAvI hotA hai| usase azubha karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai| ajjavadhammI maayaacaagii| so sammapauttI-jutto caredi assiM loe suhaM Arjava dharmI mAyA kA parityAgI hotA hai| vaha samyak pravRtti yukta isa loka meM sukha pUrvaka vicaraNa karatA hai|

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20 sucidhammo kaMkhA-bhAva- NivittiM // kaMkhA AkaMkhA lAlasA - icchA ahilAsA-giddhitti loho| tassa kaMkhAbhAva- NivittiM bhAsade suvidhammo sucirasa bhAvo kammo vA socamidi / anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 zaucadharma AkAMkSA ke bhAva se haTanA zaucadharma hai| kAMkSA, AkAMkSA, lAlasA, icchA, abhilASA, gRddhi Adi lobha ke abhAva ko zuci dharma kahate haiN| davyAdo NillevattaNaM paravatthu kakhabhAva uvaramaM paradavya icchAbhAvaM caM bhAsade sucidhammo zucitA / pavitratA kA bhAva honA zauca hai / dravya se nirlepatA, paravastu kI AkAMkSA se uparama yA paradravya kI icchAbhAva ko nahIM karanA zucidharma hai| puggalika-para-vatthu - kaMkhAbhAvo loe asthi savvANi davvANi savve padatthA puggalA taM paDi AkaMkha-virahido jo hodi so pavitta-sAhago / pillevI uvarado para padastha - icchAhiMto / paudgalika para vastuoM kA AkAMkSA na honA loka meM sabhI dravya, sabhI padArtha jo pudgala haiM, unake prati jo AkAMkSA rahita hotA hai, vaha pavitrasAdhaka, nirlepI evaM para padArthoM kI icchAoM se rahita hai| sama-saMtosa jaleNaM jo dhovadi tibva-moha-malapuMjaM / bhoyaNa giddhi-vihINo tassa sauccaM have vimalaM // (kArtikeyAnuprekSA 397) jo sama saMtoSa rUpI jala se tIvra mohamala samUha ko dhotA hai jo bhojana kI gRddhatA se rahita hotA hai usakI vimala zauca hai| sukosala cariDaM pabhAsido jo paya saMjamu suddhau pAlai sIla-salila- appau pakkhAlai / AvaMta bhavamalu puNa rujjhai so saccaDa paMcamaguNa kujjhai / ( kavi raidhu. saM. 3 / 15 )

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21 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 sukauzala caritra meM kahA hai-jo zuddha saMyama pada pAlatA hai, AtmA ko zIla rUpI jala se prakSAlita karatA hai aura jisase AtA huA bhavamala ruka jAtA hai vaha zaucadharma hai| AyAra-suddhi-saccau tti soco saccau suci tti dhammo AyArasuddhiNo pmuh-kaarnn| AcAra zuddhi hai zauca- zaucadharma AcAra zuddhi kA kAraNa hai| sammadaMsaNeyA saha ukkii pAvaNa-bhAvaNA hodi| mamattAdo viradAdo jo lahutta bhAvo hodi so Ada- suddhaM bhAvaM paDi nnedi| paramaguNi- veraggI aad-visuddh-saahgo| kaMkhA puNNa-pavAha rohejja sucidhmminno|| samyagdarzana ke sAtha utkRSTa pAvana bhAvanA hotI hai| mamatva se virata hone se jo laghutA bhAva hotA hai vaha AtmA ke zuddha bhAva kI ora le jAtA hai| jo parama guNI, vairAgI, Atmavizuddha sAdhaka AkAMkSAoM ke pUrNa pravAha ko rokatA hai, vahI zucidharmI hotA hai| sucidhammo kadA ? - zuci dharma kaba hotA hai? sucidhammassa abhAvo hodi aditaNhAe adikakhAe ahilAsAe, lAlAsA-icchA-mucchAvAsaNA-kAmaNA-rAga-dosa-moha-Asatti-kAraNAdo jattha asthi loho tattha savve huti dasa-guNaTThANaM peraMtaM loho| lohaMte savva- ksaayNto| veragga-bhAvaNA jAdi assiM aNte| zucidharma kaba hotA hai ? atitRSNA, AkAMkSA, abhilASA, lAlasA, icchA, mUrchA, vAsanA, kAmanA, rAga, dveSa, moha evaM Asakti ke kAraNa se zucidharma kA abhAva hotA hai jahAM lobha hotA hai, vahAM sabhI hote haiN| lobha kI samApti hone para sabhI kaSAyoM kA aMta ho jAtA hai| vairAgya bhAvanA bhI isake aMta hone para hotI hai| sucidhammo No kevalaM pavittattaNaM uppajjedi vIdarAga- bhAvaM ca

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 bhogovabhoga-sAmaggiNo abhAvo tado No jado loho| dhaNovabhogo jattha hodi tattheva Na avidu devesu pajjAesu bhogovabhoga- kaMkhA iMdiyAhilAsA zauca dharma kevala pavitra nahIM karatA, apitu vItarAga bhAva ko bhI utpanna karatA hai| bhogopabhoga sAmagriyoM kA abhAva taba taka nahIM jaba taka lobha hai| loka meM dhana kA upabhoga jahA~ hotA hai deva paryAyoM meM bhI bhogopabhoga kI AkAMkSA, iMdriya abhilASA Adi rahatI hai| visaesu rAgo pasattho vA apasattho vA rAgo rAgo tti| so uvabhoga-paribhoga-rAgo iMdiya-visaeNa jaayd| viSayoM meM rAga prazasta ho yA aprazasta rAga, rAga hI hai| vaha upabhoga evaM paribhoga rAga iMdriya viSaya se hI utpanna hotA hai| migo kaNNapiya-suddheNaM (mRga karNa priya zabda se) hatthI phAsiMdieNaM (hAthI sparzana iMdriya se) pataMgA teja rUveNaM (pataMgA teja rUpa se/ agni se) bhamaro gaMdheNaM (bhrama gaMdha se ) maccho du jibbharaseNaM ca (matsya jihvArasa ke lobha se) khIyade jIvaNa-aMtaM ca pattejjA (jIvana ke aMta ko prApta hote haiN|) loha- kasAyaMto sucittaNaM (lobha kA aMta honA zucitA hai|) pvitrnnN| esa aad-sucii| (pavitratA hai| yahI hai aatmshuddhi|) sucidhammahUsa pattI NANeNa jhANa-sudehaNaM sjjhaay-tv-kmmnnaa| mahavvada- samAlaM ke samidi- dhamma- dhaarnne|| tava-saMjama-suddheNaM suci dhammo sadA hve| zauca dharma kI prApti jJAna, dhyAna, zuddha bhAvanA, svAdhyAya evaM tapakarma se zauca dharma kI prApti hotI hai| yaha mahAvratoM se alaMkRta, samiti evaM dharma ke dhAraNa para bhI tapa aura saMyama kI zuddhatA se zucidharma hotA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 saccadhammo-satyadharma saccaM amid-bhaavnnaa| sa-para-hida-ANaMda primid-supaavnnN| vayaNaM amidaM tullaM saccaM khu bhagavaM hve|| sacca-vAse tti puNNattaM IsaraM paramaM dhaNaM vae saccaM maNe saccaM dehe saccaM ca saahunno|| satyadharma: satya amRta bhAvanA hai| sva-para hitakAraka, AnaMdadAyaka, parimita pAvana evaM amRta tulya vacana satya hai ve bhagavan haiN| satya ke nivAsa hone para pUrNatA hai, ise aizvarya evaM parama dhana bhI kahate haiN| isalie vacana meM satya, mana meM satya aura deha meM satya sAdhutA ko lAtI saccatthe bhavaM vaco scc| sAhU vayaNaM scc| taM avitahaM savvabhUdattha paDipatti-kAri-vayaNaM bhAsade satya/yathArtha ke prayojana yukta vacana honA satya hai| uttama vacana vyavahAra satya hai| usako avitatha, sadbhUtArtha pratipattikAri vacana kahate haiN| atthANaM padatthANaM vA jadhavaTThida vivakkhida-paDipAdaNaM sccN| artha yA padArthoM kA yathAvasthita, vivakSita pratipAdana honA satya hai| para-saMtAvaya-kAraNavayaNaM mottUNa s-pr-hid-vynnN| jo vadadi bhikkhU turiyo tassa du dhammo have scc|| (dvA.74) dUsare ke saMtApa dene vAle vacana ko chor3akara svahita aura parahita ke vacana bolanA satyadharma hai| asadahiddhANA do viradI sccN| asad abhidhAna se virati satya hai| suttattha-kadhaNaM saccaM ajadhajjhayaNaM hidN|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 sa-para-tosa-dAyatthI amida-sarisaM vde|| pasattha-Ada-tosaM ca dAejja punnnn-nnNdnnN| sUtrArtha kA yathArtha kathana, yathArtha adhyayana, hita yukta evaM sva evaM para ko AnaMda dene vAle amRta sadRza vacana satya kahe jAte haiN| jo vacana prazasta, AtmasaMtoSa evaM pUrNa AnaMda dene vAle hote haiM, vahI satya hai| sAvagANa saccaM sAvago hodi aNuvvadI, so hiMsajaNNa-kaDu-NiTThara-vayaNaM bhAsedi nno| aNNesiM ca rahassaM Na pagaDedi avittu hida-mida piya vayaNaM bolladi savvesiM saMtosa-kAraga-vayaNaM dhamma aNusIlaNa-pagAsaM caredi nniccN| zrAvakoM kA satya zrAvaka aNuvratI hotA hai, vaha hiMsAjanaka, kaTu evaM niSThura vacana nahIM bolatA, dUsaroM ke rahasya ko prakaTa nahIM karatA, apitu vaha hita-mita- priyavacana bolatA hai, vaha saMtoSakAraka vacana evaM dharma anuzIlana prakAzana hetu vicaraNa karatA hai| thUlaM vayaNaM bollejjA sayaM ca para- pAdaNaM rAga-doseNa khiiytto| pANANa rakkhade sdaa|| jo svayaM aura dUsare ke lie ghAtaka sthUla vacana nahIM bolatA, vaha rAga-dveSa se rahita prANiyoM ke prANoM kI rakSA karatA hai| saccaTThANaM sarassadi-sudhA rUvA vANI hid-midNkrii| tatto vadejja bhAsejja svvovyaari-saard| saccamahavvado sacca-aNuvvado bhAsAsamidI vayaNa guttI saccaTThANaM suThThapajutta-ego tti saddo kAmagavI- smo|

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 vayaNa- saMvaro sAhU sAhU loe raMgaNe // dosArovaNaM dosa- bhAvaM kalahaM Irissa jutta-vayaNaM idha loe vi sAhU bhaas| (siM vayaNANaM ThANaM No ko vi| hida- mida- piba- sacca-asaMdiddha vayaNANaM ca ThANaM savvattha - ThANaM / paNNAvaMta sAhago vikahAo virado bhAsejja jaM, tassiM savva hido satyasthAna sabhI ko upakArI zAradA ko yadi prApta haiM sarasvatI sudhArUpa hita mitakArI vANI ko bole evaM usakA sabhI ke upakAra ke lie prayoga kreN| satyasthAna haiM - mahAvrata, aNuvrata, bhAvasamiti aura vacanagupti / eka suSThu prayukta zabda kAmadhenu ke samAna hai| vacana kA saMvara ucita saMvara isa loka aura paraloka meM bhI uttama hotA hai| doSAropaNa, dveSabhAva, kalaha, IrSyA yukta vacana Adi isa saMsAra meM bhI sAdhu nahIM kahe jAte haiN| una vacanoM ko koI sthAna nahIM / hita, mita, priya, satya evaM asaMdigdha vacanoM kA sabhI jagaha sthAna hai| prajJAvaMta sAdhaka vikathAoM se virata jo bolatA hai sabhI kA hita hotA hai| uttama-saMjamo sAvajjaviradI saMyamo / sAvajjo sayalaiMdiya- bAbAro tassa viradI sAvanna viradI so sNjmo| saMjamaNaM saMjamo cAritta moha uvasamo ti 25 kasAya- iMdiya-visaya vavasAyaM daMDaM parihAraNaM ca saMjamo sammaM samo tti saMyamo / saMjamo paMcamahavva dhAraNaM paMcasamidi paripAlaNaM paMcaviMsadi kasAya NiggahaNaM mAyA micchA-nidANa daMDattayAgo paMciMdiyajayo saMjamo / (kArti TIkA 399) uttama saMyama sAvadyavirati saMyama hai| sAvadya kA artha sakala indriya vyApAra hai, usakA nirodha sAvadyavirati hai vaha saMyama hai saMyamana / niyaMtraNa karanA saMgama hai, cAritra moha kA upazama honA saMyama hai| kaSAya, indriya viSaya Adi ke vyavasAya yA daMDa kA parihAra karanA saMyama hai| pA~ca iMdriyajaya kA nAma saMyama hai| samyak zamana honA saMyama hai| pA~ca mahAvrata dhAraNa, paMcasamiti pAlana, paccIsa kaSAya nigraha, mAyA, mithyA, nidAna, daNDa traya tyAga evaM

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26 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 paJcendriyajaya saMyama hai| sa-samidi-mahavvadANuvvadAI sNjmo| (dhava. 1/12) vada-samidi- vAvAre kasAya-NiggahI jyii| mAyA-miccha-NidANaM ca cAgAM sAhaga nn-sNjmo|| sammadaMsaNaM viNA Na saMjamo sammaM jamo NiyaMtaNa-Niggaho sNjmo| sammatta-aviNAbhAvI eso| so smmdNsnn-shido| svvmutti-kaargo| miccha-diThiNo saMjamo uttamasaMjamo NatthiA samiti, mahAvrata evaM aNuvrata kA honA saMyama hai| vrata (aNuvrata, mahAvrata) samiti ke vyApAra meM rata, kaSAya nigrahI mAyA, mithyA evaM nidAnajayI evaM tyAgI sAdhaka ke saMyama hai| samyak yama, niyaMtraNa yA nigraha honA saMyama hai| yaha saMyama samyaktva kA avinAbhAvI hai, vaha samyagdarzana sahita hotA hai| yaha sarva mukti kA upAya hai| mithyAdRSTiyoM kA saMyama uttama saMyama nahIM hai| NANAvidhasaMjamesuMca pANIsaMjamo iMdiya sNjmo| jIvasaMjamo- thAvara, viyaliMdiya-paciMdaya-jIvANaM rkkhnnN| ajIvasaMjamo-vastha, pajJa-AsaNa-sejjAdi-poggala-sAhaNANaM jadaNaM aadrnnN-nnikkhevnnN| nAnA prakAra ke saMyamoM meM prANI saMyama aura iMdriya sayaMma bhI hai| jIvasaMyama-sthAvara, vikalendriya, evaM pA~ca indriya jIvoM kA rkssnn| ajIva saMyama-vastra, pAtra, Asana, zaiyyA Adi pudgala sAdhanoM ko yatna pUrvaka rakhanA utthaanaa| pehAsaMjamo- aNupehaNa-puvvagaM vatthu-AdANa-NikkhevaNaM ca uvjogo| uvekkhAsaMjamo-sAvajja-kajjesuM ca uvekkhaNaM tassiM Na aNumodaNaM bhAgo y| avahiccasaMjamo- vihi-puvvagaM ml-muttaadipritttthaavnnN| pamajjaNasaMjamo- jadaNa-puvvagaM uvyrnnaaiNpmjjnnN| vayaNasaMjamo- hida-mida-piya-vayaNaM bhaasnnN| kAyasaMjamo- jadaNa-puvvagaM deha cetttthaa| maNasaMjamo- maNe No duvbhaavo| prekSAsaMyama- anuprekSaNa pUrvaka vastuoM ko rakhanA-uThAnA evaM upayoga krnaa| upekSAsaMyamasAvadha kAryoM meM upekSAbhAva, usameM bhAga na lenA aura na anumodanA krnaa| apahRtyasaMyamavidhi pUrvaka mala-mUtra Adi kA prisstthaapn| pramArjana saMyama- yatnapUrvaka upakaraNoM ko pramArjita krnaa| vacanasaMyama- hita-mita-priya-vacana bolnaa| kAyasaMyama- yatnapUrvaka zarIra

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 ceSThA krnaa| manasaMyama-mana meM durbhAva nahIM honaa| iMdiyasaMjamo pANisaMjamo y| uhayotthi Ada-ANaMdo jadA saDajIvaNikAya- saMrakkhaNaM kuNedi jaNo saahgo| maNasaMjamo vayasaMjamo kAyasaMjamo sammadaMsaNaM viNA Na saMjamo AdiNo saMvaraM kuNati kammANa Agada-pavAhaM sNvreNti| Ada-saMmuhI teNa kAraNeNa hodi| indriyasaMyama aura prANIsayaMma ye donoM se hI Atma AnaMda taba hotA hai jaba vaha SaTkAya jIva nikAya kA sAdhakajana saMrakSaNa karatA hai| manasaMyama, vacanasaMyama, upakaraNasaMyama aura prekSAsaMyama Adi saMvara karate haiN| karmoM ke Agama pravAha ko rokate haiN| usI se AtmasammukhI hotA hai| -piU kuMja, aravinda nagara, udayapura (rAjasthAna) zeSa agale aMka meM.... guNoM meM pratispardhA amerikA ke pUrva rASTrapati abrAhama liMkana subaha pratidina ghUmane jAyA karate the| eka dina ve ghUmakara lauTa rahe the ki rAste meM eka majadUra ne jhukakara unako namaskAra kiyA to abrAhama liMkana ne usako usase bhI jyAdA jhukakara namaskAra kiyaa| sAtha meM calane vAle vyakti ne pU~chA- Apane aisA kyoM kiyA ? Apa to rASTrapati haiN| to unakA uttara gaura karane yogya hai, ve bole- maiM ye bilkula bardAzta nahIM kara sakatA ki koI mujhase bhI jyAdA vinayazIla ho jaaye| aise the abrAhama liNkn|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 zrAvakoM ko 'puruSArtha dezanA' kI upayogitA -prAcArya paM. nihAlacaMda jaina jainadarzana, saMsAra-sRjana va saMcAlana meM kisI eka sarvazakti saMpanna saMcAlaka kI sattA svIkAra nahIM krtaa| apitu kucha aise samavAya yA tattva haiM, jinake yoga se yaha jagata svataH saMcAlita hai| ve tattva haiM-kAla, svabhAva, niyati, puruSArtha aura krm| ukta pA~ca samavAyoM meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa-puruSArtha hai| puruSArtha-vyakti ko lakSya taka pahu~cAtA hai| AtmA kA puruSArtha-karma ke baMdha yA kSayopazama kA hetu hotA hai| puruSArtha-mAnava ko mahAmAnava yA AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kI dizA meM le jAtA hai| puruSArthahIna-sAdhanA ke mArga para avaruddha ho ThUTha kI bhA~ti khar3A rahatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI divya dezanA ne puruSArtha ko saMyama va adhyAtma se jor3ane ke lie khaa| AcArya amRtacandra jaina vAD.maya meM prakhara bhAsvara ke samAna bhAsamAna dasavIM zatAbdI ke aise mahAna AcArya haiM, jinakA nAma AcArya kundakunda deva, umAsvAmI aura samantabhadra ke pazcAt bar3e Adara ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai| 'puruSArthasiddhyupAya' inakI maulika racanA hai| vastutaH yaha zrAvakoM kI AcAra-saMhitA athavA kaheM ki zrAvakadharma kA mahAgraMtha hai| graMtha kI pRSThabhUmi meM anekAnta va syAdvAda ke Aloka meM nizcaya va vyavahAra naya kA kathana, karmoM kA karttA bhoktA AtmA, jIva kA pariNamana evaM puruSArthasiddhyupAya kA artha batalAyA gayA hai| yaha graMtha pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai- (1) samyaktva vivecana (2) samyagjJAna vyAkhyAna (3) samyakcAritra vyAkhyAna (4) sallekhanA va samAdhimaraNa tathA (5) sakala cAritra vyaakhyaan| gahare gotA-khora kI bhA~ti jaise koI gahare sAgara se motI khojakara lAtA hai aura motiyoM kI amUlya va abhirAma mAlA banAkara AbhUSaNa kA rUpa detA hai, vaise hI AcArya zrI vizuddhasAgara jI ne, iSTopadeza bhASya kA praNayana kara diyaa| saMpUrNa 'puruSArtha dezanA' kA svAdhyAya aura ciMtana se jo niSkarSa aura phalazrutiyA~ nikalIM ve zrAvakoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya haiN| kAraNa hai- ki 'puruSArtha dezanA' kI sarasa sarala bhASA aura kathana-zailI prabhAvaka hai| aneka kathAnakoM aura udAharaNoM se Agama-siddhAMta ko dRr3ha AdhAra diyaa| yaha kevala puruSArthasiddhyupAya ke 225 saMskRta-padyoM kA vistArIkaraNa hI nahIM hai, apitu 16 pUrvavartI AcAryoM ke 36 adhyAtma graMthoM ke saMdarbho se viSaya kI puSTi kI hai| jaise eka kuzala adhivaktA, nyAyAdhIza ke samakSa kesa se saMbandhita najIreM dekara apanI bAta ko vaidha nika jAmA pahanAtA hai, vahI kAma AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI ne isa kRti meM bhI anyAnya bhASyakRtiyoM ke samAna prastuta kiye| eka digambara saMta- kevala vaiduSya yA pANDitya kA dhanI nahIM hotA, apitu usake sAtha tapa sAdhanA kI AdhyAtmika-UrjA kA teja hotA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 usa tapa-bala ke ciMtana se, vaha AtmAnubhUti ke gavAkSa se, mUlakRti 'puruSArthasiddhyupAya' ke adhyAtma aMtarikSa ko nihAratA hai| isa vaiziSTya ke kAraNa hara AcArya kI kRti eka maulika racanA ke svarUpa meM rUpAyita hokara, jainavAD.maya ke koSa meM vRddhi karatA hai| jisa prakAra amRtacandra svAmI ne 'samayasAra' ke Upara 'adhyAtma-amRtakalaza' nAma se kundakundadeva ke AtmabhAvoM ko udghATita kara samayasAra kI laukika aura pAralaukika saMpadA kA khajAnA anAvRta kiyA, usI taraha 'puruSArtha dezanA' ne puruSArthasiddhyupAya ke 2-2 yA 3-3 padyoM ke samUha ko upazIrSaka dekara viSayavastu kA kendrIkaraNa kara diyaa| ukta graMtha kA nAma cAra padoM ke samuccaya-rUpa hai| puruSa, artha, siddhi aura upaay| puruSa kA zabdArtha AtmA bhI hai| AtmA ke artha yAnI prayojana kI siddhi (prApti) ke upAya ko batalAne vAlA yaha abhISTa graMtha hai| Agama meM cAra prakAra kA puruSArtha kahA gayA hai-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokss| eka zrAvaka yA jaina-gRhastha ina cAroM puruSArthoM ko sAdhatA hai| vaha dharmapUrvaka artha yA dhanasaMpatti kA upArjana karatA hai| svadAra saMtoSa vrata ko pAlatA huA svapariNItA ke sAtha saMtAna kI prApti ke lie kAmecchA karatA hai-vaha bhI puruSArtha meM parigaNita hai kyoMki isase zrAvaka kula kI paraMparA pravartamAna hotI hai| pramAdavaza yadi zrAvakocita patha se bhaTakatA hai to zraddhA ke sahAre punaH mokSamArga kA jJAna prApta kara apane abhyAsa ko duharAtA rahatA hai| jabaki sakala cAritradhArI munirAja/AcArya, mokSamArga ke pathika hote haiN| 'puruSArtha dezanA' bhASya kRti ke sRjana kA lakSya (1) nizcita hI 'puruSArtha dezanA' ke amRta-pravacana ke sAra saMkSepa haiM jo saMpAdita haiN| isa divya dezanA ke pIche na pANDitya kA pradarzana hai aura na hI jJAna ke kSayopazama kA vaiziSTya pragaTa karanA hai apitu zrAvakoM ke saMyama-mArga ko jJAnAloka se prakAzita karanA hai| mArga meM yadi aMdhakAra hai, to bhaTakane kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| prakAza ke sadbhAva meM mArga sApha najara AtA hai| siddhAnta meM dikhane vAlI zaMkAoM ke avaruddha ko dUra kara, virodha kA nirasana karane vAle anekAnta va syAvAda ke dvArA vastu-tattva kA nirUpaNa karanA hI AcArya ko abhISTa hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne, maMgalAcaraNa meM anekAnta ko isalie namaskAra kiyA ki vaha jainAgama kA prANa hai| AcArya vizuddhasAgara anekAnta ke vaiziSTya ko rekhAMkita karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi dRSTi meM anekAnta ho, vANI meM syAdvAda ho aura AcaraNa meM ahiMsA ho to vizva ke vivAdoM kA hala aura zAnti kI maujUdagI svayameva ho jaayegii| zramaNa-saMskRti ke ukta tIna sUtra hI puruSArtha siddhi ke sazakta sAdhana yA upAya haiN| jIvana meM anekAnta kI kyA vyAvahArikatA hai? ise AcArya zrI eka janmAndha ke ekAMgI jJAna kA udAharaNa dete hue samajhAte haiN| vaha janmAndha hAthI ke jisa aMga ko sparza kara rahA hai, use hI saMpUrNa hAthI mAna rahA hai| yahI adhUrA jJAna usakI ajJAnatA hai, jo jyAdA ghAtaka hai| yahI adhUrApana adhyAtma kI bhASA meM ekAntanaya yA nirapekSa naya kahA jAtA hai jo mithyAtva hotA hai| AptamImAMsA meM kahA hai-'nirapekSanamo mithyA / / 108 / /

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI ke saMbodhana meM saMbhAvanA kI talAza hai| ve aNu meM virATa bIja meM vaTavRkSa kI saMbhAvanA ke vizvAsI haiM tabhI to sabhI zrotAoM ko ve jJAnI, mumukSu yA manISI zabda kA saMbodhana dete haiN| 30 jJAna ko AtmasAta karane vAlA jJAnI tathA tattva kA bhedavijJAnI-mumukSu yA manISI hai| ye zabda kisI vidvattA yA pANDitya ke bhI sUcaka nahIM samyaktvI alpAhArI bhI jJAnI va mumukSu ho sakatA hai aura cAritrazUnya vidvAna bhI ajJAnI hai kyoMki vijJAna ke pAsa totA raTanta jJAna hai vaha AtmasAtI nahIM hai| saMyama kA anuzIlanakartA hI sahI manISI hai| saccA samyaktvI - cAritramUlaka dhAraNAoM kA vizvAsI bana jAtA hai| (2) puruSArtha dezanA kI pRSThabhUmi ke do tathya - bindu AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI kahate haiM ki yadi loka meM jInA hai, to loka-vyavahAra banAkara clo| yadi lokottara honA cAhate ho to zuddha samyakadRSTi banakara loka-vyavahAra se Upara uThakara AtmA kI nizcaya-dRSTi apanAnI hogii| bhAvI tIrthaMkara AcArya samantabhadra aisA hI lokottara jIva hai jo loka vinaya ke samaya dhyAna meM baiTha jAtA hai| jinazAsana devI jvAlAmAlinI prakaTa hokara kahatI hai-'ciMtA mA kuru' apanI dRr3ha zraddhA se cyuta na honA aura tabhI samantabhadra rAjA se bole- 'rAjan ! yaha zivapiNDI merA namaskAra sahana nahIM kara sakegI aura jaise hI svayaMbhUstotra kA vaha pada vande kahA ki piNDI phaTa jAtI hai| aura usameM se bhagavAna candraprabha kI pratimA pragaTa ho jAtI haiN| aMtaraMga meM itanI vizuddhatA vAlA AcArya anekAnta va syAdvAda kA kathana, apane " adhyAtma amRta kalaza" meM karate hue kahate haiM ubhayanaya virodhadhvaMsinI syaatpdaaNge| jina vacasi ramante ye svayaM vAntamohAH // 4 // jo jIva vyavahAra va nizcaya donoM nayoM kI paraspara kI viruddhatA ko miTA dene vAle syAt yA kaMthacit pada se cinhita jina vacanoM meM ramaNa karate haiM ve svayaM moha kA tyAga karate hue pakSapAta rahita ho jyoti svarUpa zuddhAtma svarUpa ko dekhate haiN| yahI syAt pada apekSA vAcaka hai aura virodha kA maMthana karane vAlA hai| dUsarA tathya hai jo AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI vaijJAnika zailI se samajhAne kA prayAsa karate haiN| vaha hai AtmA kI baMdha yA nirbaMdha dshaa| AtmA jaba rAgAdi pariNamana karatI hai to pudgala kI kArmaNa vargaNAe~- jJAnAvaraNAdika dravya karmoM meM pariNata kara baMdha dazA ko prApta hotI hai tathA karma ke nimitta ko pAkara jIva rAgAdi bhAvoM ko prApta hotA hai| ina donoM dravyoM meM yaha kriyAvatI zakti pAI jAtI hai| " vastutaH caitanya vidyut taraMgeM isa zarIra rUpI mazIna se kAma karA rahI haiN| caitanya bijalI calI gayI to mazIna dharI kI dharI raha gyii| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM vinA vyavahAra ke hama paramAtmA ko nahIM samajha skte| isI prakAra binA pudgala ke saMyoga se hama Atma dravya ko nahIM samajha skte| mobAila kI siddhi jainAgama se hotI hai| tIrthaMkara ne janma

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 31 liyA to svarga ke saudharma indra kA mukuTa hilane lagA aura naraka ke nArakI kSaNabhara ke lie zAMti kA anubhava karane lge| yaha puNya vargaNA ne prabhAva dikhAyA, bhale hI svarga yA naraka meM koI mobAila nahIM rakhA thaa| pudgala varNaNAeM apanA kAma kara rahI haiN| isa prakAra jaise AtmA ke pariNAma karmavargaNAoM ko karma rUpa pariNamita hone meM nimitta bane vaise hI rAgadveSa rUpa pariNamana karAne meM karma nimitta mAtra haiN| aisA nimitta nahIM mAnoge to siddhoM ko bhI siddhAlaya se vApisa AnA pdd'egaa| (3) 'puruSArtha dezanA' zrAvakoM ke aSTamUlaguNa aura ratnatraya dharma pAlana karane kA eka saMpUrNa AcaraNa-bhASya graMtha hai| vastutaH upadeza to mahAvrata dhAraNa karane kA diyA jAtA hai ataH sakala cAritra kA adhyAya bhI isameM samAhita hai parantu jIva ke kalyANa hetu kramika dezanA kA vyAkhyAna karanA aura chipe adhyAtma rahasyoM ko anAvRta karanA isakA abhISTa lakSya hai| yaha eka naitika kahAvata hai ki pApa se ghRNA karo pApI se nhiiN| yogI kA upadeza kevala vacanAtmaka nahIM hotA vaha apane sAdhutva svabhAva se bar3e se bar3e vyasanI ko sumArga para lagA dete haiN| AcArya zAMtisAgara dhanya haiM jinhoMne eka mahAupadravI vyasanI ko yogI banA liyaa| ghaTanA eka nagara praveza ke samaya kI thI vahI vyasanI AcArya zrI ke sammukha A khar3A huaa| loga kiMcit ciMtita ho gaye ki aba yaha kyA karane vAlA hai? AcArya zrI ne dekhA aura apanA kamaNDalu pakar3A diyA itanA hI nahIM pravacana sabhA meM use apane bagala meM biThA liyaa| hRdaya-parivartana ke lie AcArya zrI kI yaha acUka dRSTi- ki vaha navayuvaka sapta vyasanI, sabhA ke bIca khar3A ho gayA aura jIvanaparyanta ke lie akhaNDa brahmacarya kA vrata lene ke lie prArthanA karane lgaa| AcArya zrI ne AzIrvAda de diyaa| saMta hRdaya asaMta meM bhI saMta khoja lete haiN| vahI Age calakara AcArya saMgha meM muni pAyasAgara aura bAda meM AcArya pAyasAgara bana gye| upadravI meM bhI bhagavAna baiThA hai| kyA marIci kA jIva kama upadravI thA jisane 363 mithyA mata calAye bAda meM vahI bhagavAna mahAvIra bne| AvazyakatA hai-anveSaNa dRSTi kii| (4) puruSArthasiddhyupAya kA kendra viSaya vastu samyakcAritra ke antargata paMcavratoM meM ahiMsA vrata kA varNana pramukha hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne hiMsA/ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA lagabhaga 40 padyoM meM (zloka 43 se 86) karate hue jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha meM bhI hiMsA pApa honA btaayaa| AcArya vizuddhasAgara ne vividha udAharaNoM aura kathAnakoM se hiMsA kI vyApakatA ko ulalikhita kiyaa| AcArya amRtacandra ne rAgAdi bhAvoM ke sadbhAva meM bhale hI dravya hiMsA na ho rahI ho parantu bhAva hiMsA kA sadbhAva batAyA hai tathA kaI apekSAoM se hiMsA/ahiMsA kA vivecana kiyA hai: (1) eka vyakti hiMsA kA pApa karatA hai aura aneka vyakti usakA phala bhogate haiN| (2) aneka vyakti hiMsA karate haiM parantu eka vyakti phala bhogatA hai| (3) hiMsA karane para bhI (apramAda avasthA meM) ahiMsaka banA rahatA hai| (4) prANaghAta na karane para bhI hiMsaka ho jAtA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 hiMsA/ahiMsA ke dAyare ko 'puruSArtha dezanA' meM bahuta khulAsA karake samajhAyA gayA hai| AcArya vizuddhasAgara bhAva hiMsA va dravya hiMsA kA svarUpa batAte hue kahate haiM ki mumukSu ubhaya hiMsA kA tyAgI hotA hai| zrAvakoM ko saceta karate hue kahate haiM ki Apa loga niSprayojana bhAva hiMsA karate rahate haiN| kisI sIriyala meM kisI kA ghAta ho gayA aura anumodanA karate hue Apane tAlI bajA dI yA zatru deza ke hatAhata sainikoM ke lie khuzI jAhira kI to Apane akAraNa hI bhAva hiMsA kara lii| isI prakAra kaSAya rUpa pariNAmoM se bhale hI paraghAta nahIM kiyA parantu apane svabhAva kA ghAta karane se Apa hiMsaka hai| svayaMbhUramaNa samudra kA mahAmaccha jaba chaha mAha sotA hai to usake 250 yojana ke khule mukha meM aneka jIva Ate jAte rahate haiN| usake kAna meM baiThA eka tandulamaccha socatA hai yadi mujhe aisI zarIra kI avagAhanA milI hotI to eka ko bhI nahIM chodd'taa| tandulamaccha apane kaluSita bhAvoM ke kAraNa hiMsA kA itanA baMdha kara letA hai ki marakara sAtaveM naraka jAtA hai| jIva kI pariNati dekhie- binA satAye apane pramAda bhAvoM ke kAraNa kitanI hiMsA kara letA hai ki vartamAna meM saMyama dhAraNa karane ke pariNAma nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| kaSAya se yukta jIva apanI AtmA kA pahale ghAta karatA hai kyoMki aMgAra ko hAthoM se phekane vAle ke hAtha pahile jalate haiM bhale hI dUsarA jale yA na jle| ahiMsA kA pAlana karane vAlA vastuta: dUsare kI nahIM, balki svayaM kI rakSA kara rahA hai| jo svayaM kI rakSA ke bhAva meM jItA hai, vaha para kI rakSA to kara hI rahA hai| Apa saMbhala saMbhala ke caleMge to jIvoM kI rakSA svayameva ho jaayegii| AcArya kahate haiM tU dUsare ke upakAra kA kartA banakara ahaMkAra mata krnaa| apane upakAra kI bAta batAkara yadi usake mana ko du:khI kiyA to vaha hiMsA hai| upakAra karanA hai to binA batAye, jaisA amaracandra dIvAna ne eka garIba vRddhA mA~ kI, kI thii| jisake ghara meM khAne kA anAja bhI nahIM thaa| - bInA (ma.pra.)

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 rASTra kalyANa meM zrAvaka kI bhUmikA - DaoN. surendra kumAra jaina jainadharmAnusAra vratadhAriyoM kI do koTiyA~ haiM- (1) mahAvratI-muni, aura (2) aNuvratI shraavk|' zrAvaka vaha sadgRhastha hotA hai jo sapta vyasanoM kA tyAgI, aSTa mUlaguNadhArI aura paMca-aNuvratoM kA pAlaka hotA hai| usakA AcaraNa zAstra sammata evaM svapara hitaiSI hotA hai| dyUta, (juA khelanA),mAMsa bhakSaNa, madya (madirApAna), vezyAsevana, zikAra, corI aura para-strI sevana; ye sAta vyasana haiN| ____ madya, mAMsa, madhu kA tyAga aura ahiMsANuvrata, satyANuvrata, acauryANuvrata, parigrahaparimANANuvrata aura brahmacaryANuvrata; ye aSTa mUlaguNa haiN|' anyatra madya-mAMsa-madhu kA tyAga, rAtri bhojana tyAga, paMca udumbara phaloM kA tyAga, deva vaMdanA, jIva dayA karanA aura pAnI chAna kara pInA Adi ko aSTamUla guNoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai| ___ ahiMsANuvrata, satyANuvrata, acauryANuvrata, parigrahaparimANANuvrata aura brahmacaryANuvrata; ye pA~ca aNuvrata kahe gaye haiN| sAgAra dharmAmRta kI TIkA meM AyA hai ki "zraNoti gurvAdibhyo dharmam iti zrAvakaH' arthAt jo guruoM se dharma ko sunatA hai vaha zrAvaka hai| vaha dharma ko sunatA hai, dhAraNa karatA hai aura AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra: zrUyatAM dharmasarvasvaM zrutvA caapyvdhaarytaam| AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na smaacret|| arthAt dharma ke sAra ko suno aura sunakara dhAraNa (grahaNa) kro| apane se pratikUla AcaraNa (vyavahAra) dUsaroM ke sAtha bhI nahIM karanA caahie| zrAvaka isa kasauTI para kharA utarane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vaha dharma ko sunatA hai, hita-ahita rUpa viveka se yukta hotA hai aura kriyAoM meM pApa se virata hotA hai| zrAvaka kA jIvana jIne vAlA svayaM kA upakAra karatA hai aura rASTra kA bhI hita sAdhana karatA hai| jinendrabhagavAna kI vANI para amala karate hue calane vAlA zrAvaka apane caritra aura satkAryoM se rASTra ko unnata banAtA hai| 'darzanaprAbhRta' meM kahA hai ki "jiNavayaNa mosahamiNaM visayasuhavireyaNaM amiybhuuyN| jarAmaraNavAhiharaNaM khayakaraNaM svvdukkhaannN|| arthAt jina bhagavAn kI vANI paramauSadhirUpa hai| yaha viSaya sukha kA tyAga karAtI hai| yaha amRta rUpa hai| jarA-maraNa vyAdhi ko dUra karatI hai tathA sarva dukhoM kA kSaya karatI hai|

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34 anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 isIlie puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM AcArya amRtacandra ne kahA hai ki "AtmA prabhAvanIyaH ratnatrayatejasA satatameva / " dAnatapojinapUjAvidyAtizayaizca jinadharmaH' arthAt samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyak caritra rUpa ratnatraya ke teja dvArA apanI AtmA ko prabhAvita kare tathA dAna, tapazcaryA, jinendradeva kI pUjA evaM vidyA kI lokottaratA ke dvArA jinazAsana ke prabhAva ko jagat meM phailAve / hai jaina zrAvaka mAtra jItA nahIM balki Adarza ko sAmane rakhakara AdazoM kA anukaraNa karate hue Adarza jIvana jItA hai| Adarza jIvana vaha hai jisameM adhikAroM kI apekSA nahIM aura kartavyoM kI upekSA nahIM ho vaha svayaM saMta nahIM hai, kintu saMtabhAva usameM samAyA hotA hai| vaha saMta samAgama ke lie sadaiva lAlAyita rahatA hai| satsaMgati meM citta ko lagAtA hai| satsaMgati ke lAbha ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki haMti dhvAntaM harayati rajaH sattavamAviSkaroti, prajJAM sUte vitarati sukhaM nyAyavRttiM tanoti / dharme buddhiM racayatitarAM pApabuddhiM dhunIte, puMsAM no vA kimiha kurute saMgatiH sjjnaanaam||" saMta samAgama ke dvArA tamobhAva naSTa hotA hai, rajobhAva dUra hotA hai, sAttvika vRtti kA AviSkAra hotA hai, viveka utpanna hotA hai, sukha milatA hai, nyAyavRtti utpanna hotI hai, dharma meM citta lagatA hai tathA pApabuddhi dUra hotI hai ataH sAdhujana kI saMgati dvArA kyA nahIM mila sakatA ? nIti bhI kahatI hai ki saMta samAgama haribhajana, tulasI durlabha doya / suta, dArA aura lakSmI, pApI ke bhI hoya kisI bhI rASTra kA kalyANa usake nivAsiyoM ke unnata cAritra se hI ho sakatA hai| jaina zrAvaka cAritravAn hotA hai| vaha hIna AcaraNa ko pApArjana kA kAraNa mAnakara chor3a detA hai 11 rASTra kI AtmA saha-astitva kI bhAvanA meM basatI hai| jahA~ vedoM meM- "saMgacchadhvaM saMvadadhvaM saM vo manAMsi jAnatAm" kahA gayA vahIM jaina graMthoM meM 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm " arthAt paraspara upakAra karanA jIva kA svabhAva hai; kahakara saha-astittva kI bhAvanA sunizcita kara dii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA ki jaina zrAvaka sthUla-hiMsA kA tyAgI hogA, ahiMsANuvratI hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi vizAla thI ataH unhoMne ahiMsA ke dAyare meM mAtra mAnava ko hI nahIM liyA apitu prANI mAtra ko liyA / dravyahiMsA ke sAtha bhAvahiMsA ke tyAga kI bAta khii| vAstava meM ve jIvamAtra ke hitaiSI the| yadi jIvoM kA hita nahIM hogA to rASTra kA bhI hita kaise hogA? ve kahate haiM

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 jIva vaho appa vaho, jIvadayA appaNo dayA hoi| tA savva jIvahiMsA paricattA attkaamehi| jaha te na piyaM dukkhaM ANiya emeva svvjiivaannN| savvAyaramuvautto attovammeNa kuNasu dyN|| arthAt jIva kA vadha karanA apanA hI vadha karanA hai, jIvoM para dayA karanA apane para dayA karanA hai ataH sabhI jIvoM kI hiMsA apane hI priya kI hiMsA samajhanA caahie| jaise tumheM duHkha priya nahIM hai vaise hI anya sabhI jIvoM ko du:kha priya nahIM hai ataH saba prANiyoM para Atmaupamya dRSTi dayAbhAva rakhanA caahie| jisa taraha jaMgala akele sugandhita phUla yukta per3a-paudhoM kA nAma nahIM hai, apitu usameM tIkSNa kAMToM vAle per3a bhI sammilita hote haiM usI taraha rASTra bhI eka jaise logoM se nahIM bntaa| yahA~ acche hote haiM to bure bhI, dhArmika hote haiM to adhArmika bhii| kAma karane vAle hote haiM to kAmacora bhii| isalie maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyasthabhAva apekSita hai| jaina zrAvaka AcArya amitagati ke sAmAyika pATha ko pratidina par3hatA hai aura ina bhAvanAoM kA anuzaraNa bhI karatA hai sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM, kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpaaprtvN| mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparIta vRttau, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu deva // 12 arthAt prANImAtra ke prati maitrI bhAva, guNIjanoM ke prati pramodabhAva, du:khI aura klezayukta jIvoM ke prati karuNA (kRpA) bhAva tathA pratikUla vicAra vAloM ke prati mAdhyastha bhAva rkheN| he deva! merI AtmA sadA aise bhAva dhAraNa kre| 'merI bhAvanA' meM bhI par3hate haiM ki maitrI bhAva jagat meM merA saba jIvoM se nitya rahe dIna duHkhI jIvoM para merA ura se karuNAsrota vhe| rahe sadA satsaMga unhIM kA dhyAna unhIM kA nitya rahe durjana krUra kumArgaratoM para kSobha nahIM mujhako aave| guNIjanoM ko dekha hRdaya meM mere prema umar3a Ave bane jahA~ taka unakI sevA karake yaha mana sukha paavai||13 zrAvaka kI sadbhAvanA rASTra aura jana-kalyANa kI hotI hai| use rASTra ke hita meM sarva aura svayaM kA hita dRSTigocara hotA hai ata: vaha bhAvanA bhAtA hai ki saMpUjakoM ko pratipAlakoM ko, yatInakoM au yatinAyakoM ko| rAjA prajA rASTra sudeza ko le, kIje sukhI he jina zAnti ko de|| hove sArI prajA ko sukha, balayuta ho dharmadhArI nreshaa| hove varSA samaya pai, tilabhara na rahe vyAdhiyoM kA aNdeshaa||

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 hove corI na jArI, susamaya barate, ho na duSkAla maarii| sAre hI deza dhAreM, jinavara vRSa ko, jo sadA saukhykaarii||14 -he jinendradeva ! Apa pUjana karane vAloM ko, rakSA karane vAloM ko, sAmAnya muniyoM ko, AcAryoM ko, deza, rASTra, nagara, prajA aura rAjA ko sadA zAnti pradAna kreN| saba prajA kI kuzala ho, rAjA balavAna aura dharmAtmA ho, megha (bAdala) samaya-samaya para varSA kreN| saba rogoM kA nAza ho, saMsAra meM prANiyoM ko eka kSaNa bhI durbhikSa, corI,agni aura bImArI Adi ke duHkha na hoM aura saba saMsAra sadA jinavara dharma ko dhAraNa kare, jo sadaiva sukha dene vAlA hai| kahate haiM ki artha anartha kI jar3a hotA hai jabaki binA artha ke na rASTra samRddha hotA hai aura na hI usakA kalyANa hotA hai| vizva maMca para arthahIna rASTra apanA prabhAva, apanI upasthiti bhI prabhAvI tarIke se vyakta nahIM kara pAte haiN| zrAvaka jahA~ 'arthamanartha bhAvaya nityaM' kI nIti para calatA hai vahIM arthapuruSArtha meM prayatnazIla bhI hotA hai| vaha artha ko Avazyaka mAnatA hai tAki AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kara ske| pheDarika benthama ne 'arthazAstra meM likhA hai ki "But it is quite impossible to provide every body with a many consumet's goods, that is with as high standard of living as he would like, If all persons were like Jains-members of an Indian sect, who try to subdue and extinguish ther physical desires, it might be done. If consumer's goods descended frequently and in abounance from the heavens, it might be done.As things are it connot be done."15 arthAt pratyeka vyakti ko sabhI sevya padArthoM kI prApti ho sake, arthAt usakI icchAnusAra usakA jIvana stara diyA jAe; yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| hA~ ! yadi sabhI loga jaina sadRza hote to yaha saMbhava thA, kAraNa bhAratIyoM ke jaina nAmaka varga meM apanI bhautika AkAMkSAoM ko saMyata karanA tathA unakA nirodha karanA pAyA jAtA hai| dUsarA upAya yaha hogA ki yadi divyaloka se bahudhA tathA vipula mAtrA meM bhogya padArtha Ate jAveM to kAma bana jAe; kintu vastusthiti ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue aisA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jinake hAthoM meM arthazAstra hotA hai ve dharmazAstra nahIM smjhte| lekina yaha bhI saca hai ki binA dharmazAstroM ke arthazAstroM ko niyaMtrita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| artha kA upArjana bhI nyAya, nIti evaM dharmasammata honA cAhie varanA vaha pApa kI zreNI meM aayegaa| aisA artha rASTra kA bhalA nahIM kara sktaa| Aja artha saMpannatA ko hI saMskRti saMpannatA mAna liyA gayA hai jo ucita nahIM hai| DaoN. sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNan ne 'vizvamitra' ke dIpAvalI aMka di. 21/10/49,-16 meM likhA thA ki-"Adhunika sabhyatA Arthika barbaratA kI maMjila para hai| vaha to adhikAMza rUpa meM saMsAra aura adhikAra ke pIche daur3a rahI hai aura AtmA tathA usakI pUrNatA kI ora dhyAna dene kI paravAha nahIM karatI hai| Aja kI vyastatA, vegagati aura naitika vikAsa itanA

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 avakAza hI nahIM lene detI ki Atma vikAsa ke dvArA sabhyatA ke vAstavika vikAsa kA kAma kara ske|''16 Atma vikAsa ke lie hI jaina zrAvaka ko kahA jAtA hai ki nyAyApAttadhano yajanguNagurUn sadgIstrivarga bhaja nanyonuguNaM tadarhagRhiNI-sthAnAlayo hiimyH| yuktAhAravihAraAryasamitiH prAjJaH kRtajJo vazI, zraNvandharma vidhiM, dayAluraghabhI: sAgAradharmaM cret||10 arthAt nyAya se dhana kamAne vAlA, guNoM ko, gurujanoM ko tathA guNoM meM pradhAna vyaktiyoM ko pUjane vAlA, hita-mita-priya bolane vAlA, dharma-artha-kAma rUpa trivarga ko paraspara virodha rahita sevana karane vAlA, trivarga ke yogya strI, grAma aura makAna sahita lajjAvAn, zAstrAnukUla AhAra aura vihAra karane vAlA, sadAcAriyoM kI saMgati karane vAlA, vivekI, upakAra kA jAnakAra, jitendriya, dharma kI vidhi ko sunane vAlA, dayAvAn aura pApoM se Darane vAlA vyakti sAgAra dharma kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| rASTra ke sAmane Aja kI sabase bar3I samasyA kAle dhana (anIti kA dhana) aura AtaMkavAda kI hai| zrAvaka isa dRSTi se rASTra kA sabase bar3A hitaiSI hai kyoMki vaha nyAya se dhana kamAtA hai aura hiMsA se dUra rahatA hai| vaha na kisI kI hiMsA karatA hai, na hiMsA karane ke bhAva mana meM yA mukha para lAtA hai| yaha kahA~ kI nIti hai ki dUsaroM ko mAro yA dUsaroM ko mArane ke lie svayaM mara jaao| mAnava bama kI avadhAraNA kisI bhI dRSTi se ucita nahIM hai| aise vyakti ke viveka ko kyA kaheM jo dUsaroM ko mArane ke lie khuda maratA hai| yaha sthiti kisI bhI rASTra ke lie ucita nahIM kahI jA sktii| nAgarika adhikAra evaM rASTra dharma bhI ise ucita nahIM maantaa| jaina zrAvaka ke lie to spaSTa vidhAna hai ki jaM icchasi appaNato jaM ca Na icchasi appnnto| taM iccha parassavi ya ettiyagaM jinnsaasnnN|| arthAt jaisA tuma apane prati cAhate ho aura jaisA tuma apane prati nahIM cAhate ho, dUsaroM ke prati bhI tuma vaisA hI vyavahAra karo; jina zAsana kA sAra itanA hI hai| Aja yadi isa nIti para samAja yA dezavAsI cala rahe hote to AtaMkavAda jaisI samasyA kA janma hI nahIM hotaa| AtaMkavAda ke mUla meM pada, dhana aura pratiSThA hai jabaki zrAvaka svapada cAhatA hai, sattA pratiSThAna nhiiN| zrAvaka vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kI bhAvanA rakhatA hai| jabaki anya kA soca vaisA hI ho; yaha jarUrI nhiiN| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ne likhA hai ki 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' isakA AdhunikIkaraNa huA hai| vasu yAnI dhana-dravya dhana hI kuTumba bana gayA hai dhana hI mukuTa bana gayA hai jIvana kA 118

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 ___artha kI bar3hatI lAlasA ne artha aura paramArtha donoM ko hI chalA hai| artha ke lie hiMsaka saMgharSa Ama bAta ho gaI hai| hiMsA kA artha ke lie upayoga sahI nahIM hai| Aja sarakAreM badalane ke lie dhanabala aura bAhubala kA sahArA liyA jAne lagA hai jabaki lokataMtra meM janabala hI sarvopari hotA hai| isa anartha se artha kA pralobhana dUra hone para hI bacA jA sakatA hai| AcArya zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja likhate haiM ki- yaha kaTu satya hai ki "artha kI A~kheM paramArtha ko dekha nahIM sakatI artha kI artha kI lipsA ne bar3oM-bar3oM ko nirlajja banAyA hai| 19 zrAvaka artha kA saMcaya apanI AvazyakatAoM ke anusAra hI karatA hai| vaha dhanAdika padArthoM ko hI nahIM ghaTAtA apitu apanI AvazyakatAoM ko bhI kama karatA jAtA hai tAki usake saMcita sAdhana anya ke kAma A skeN| isIlie vaha apanI svaarjita saMpatti meM se niraMtara dAna kiyA karatA hai| yaha dAna rASTra ke kalyANa meM sahAyaka banatA hai| rASTra ke dIna-dukhI prANiyoM ko abhaya pradAna karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne aNuvratoM ke aticAroM kA varNana kiyA hai jinase jaina zrAvaka bacatA hai| jaina zrAvaka jahA~ ahiMsANuvrata ke rUpa meM baMdha, vadha, cheda, atibhArAropaNa evaM annapAnanirodha se baca kara prANiyoM ko abhaya dAna detA hai| satyANuvrata ke rUpa meM mithyA upedaza, rahobhyAkhyAna, kUTa lekha kriyA, nyAsApahAra aura sAkAra maMtra bheda se bacatA hai| ___ acaurya aNuvrata ke rUpa meM-stena prayoga (cora ko corI karane kI svayaM preraNA karanA, dUsare se preraNA karavAnA, koI corI karatA ho to usakI sarAhanA karanA, corI kA upAya batAnA), tadAhRtAdAna (corI kA mAla kharIdanA), viruddha rAjyAtikrama (rAja niyama ke virUddha kara corI karanA), hInAdhika mAnonmAna (becane aura kharIdane, tolane aura becane tathA nApane Adi ke bATa, tarAjU aura kama yA adhika mApa yA vajana ke rakhanA), pratirUpaka vyavahAra(kImatI vastu meM kama kImata kI vastu milAnA) Adi kAryoM ko corI mAnatA hai aura inheM kabhI nahIM karatA hai| brahmacarya aNuvrata ke rUpa meM vaha mAtra apanI vivAhitA strI se hI bhoga karatA hai zeSa striyoM meM mAtA, bahina aura putrI ke samAna vyavahAra karatA hai| Aja bhAratIya samAja jisa balAtkAra jaisI ghinaunI samasyA se grasta hai yadi samAja zrAvakocita brahmacarya aNuvrata ko apanA le to isa bImArI se sadA ke lie mukta ho sakatA hai aura eDsa jaisI ghAtaka bImArI se bhI baca sakatA hai| parigraha parimANa aNuvrata ke rUpa meM vaha apane parigraha ko sImita rakhatA hai aura zeSa kA dAna karatA hai| isa taraha jaina zrAvaka ke yaha pA~coM vrata rASTra kalyANa meM kisI na kisI

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 rUpa meM kalyANakArI sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| anarthadaNDa vrata ke viSaya meM chahaDhAlA meM paM. daulatarAma jI ne kahA hai ki kAhU kI dhana hAni kisI jaya-hAra na ciNtai| deya na so upadeza hoya agha banaja kRssiiteN|| kara pramAda jala bhUmi vRkSA pAvaka na viraadhe| asi dhanu hala hiMsopakaraNa nahiM de yaza laadhe|| rAga-dveSa karatAra kathA kabahuM na suniije| aurahu anaratha daMDa hetu agha tinheM na kiije||29 jina kAryoM se kucha bhI prayojana siddha nahIM hote haiM ve kriyAeM anartha kahalAtI haiN| mana, vacana, kAya rUpa yogoM kI pravRtti ko daNDa kahate haiN| ataH mana, vacana, kAya se aisI koI kriyA yA vicAra nahIM karanA jisase pApa kI sthiti banatI ho| yaha sthiti anarthadaNDa virati (vrata) meM hotI hai| anarthadaNDa ke pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiM1- apadhyAna- kisI ke dhana ke nAza kA, kisI kI jIta aura kisI kI hAra kA vicAra nahIM krnaa| 2- pApodeza- jisameM pApa baMdha adhika hotA hai; aise khetI, vyApAra Adi karane kA upedaza nahIM denaa| 3- pramAda caryA- binA prayojana pAnI bahAne, pRthvI khodane, vRkSa kATane aura jalAne kA tyAga krnaa| 4- hiMsAdAna- yaza kI cAha se talavAra, dhanuSa, hala Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNa dUsaroM ko nahIM denaa| 5- duHzruti- jina kathA-kahAniyoM ke sunane se mana meM rAga-dveSa utpanna hotA hai, unako nahIM sunnaa| ina pA~ca anarthadaNDoM ke atirikta aura jo bhI pApa ke kAraNa anarthadaNDa haiM unheM bhI nahIM karanA caahie| Aja ke paridRzya meM anarthadaNDoM kI sthiti carama sImA para hai| khoTe vicAroM se vyakti vyathita bhI hote haiM; kintu karate bhI haiM jisa para roka laganI caahie| eka bAra eka samAja zAstrI se kisI ne pUchA ki loga du:khI kyoM haiM? to uttara AyA ki nabbe pratizata to isalie du:khI haiM ki unakA par3osI sukhI kyoM hai ? hama bhale hI vaizvika ho gaye hoM kintu isase apadhyAna kI sthiti bhI bar3hI hai| yuddhoM kI sthiti Ate hI hama yuddhavirAma ke sthAna para kisI kI jIta kisI kI hAra ke pakSa meM khar3e ho jAte haiN| vyApAra ke nAma para pApopadeza khUba cala rahA hai| aba vyAvasAyika hiMsA ko loga hiMsA nahIM maante| pramAda caryA bhI bar3hI hai| bhUmi khanana, vRkSoM kI kaTAI aura jala kA apavyaya bahuta hone lagA hai| hiMsA ke upakaraNa banAye bhI jA rahe haiM aura bece bhI jA rahe haiN| pariNAmoM

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 se bekhabara hama, hamArA samAja aura hamArI sarakAreM hiMsA kI niMdA karate haiM kintu pratyakSa-apratyakSa hiMsA ko bar3hAvA detI haiN| khoTI kathA kahAniyAM roja chapa rahI haiM aura lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM vitarita bhI ho rahI haiN| patra patrikAeM rAga-dveSAtmaka kathAoM se paTI par3I haiM jinake kAraNa hiMsA, corI, kuzIla Adi pApoM meM niraMtara bar3hottarI ho rahI hai| yaha saba kArya rASTra virodhI haiM ataH jo zrAvaka ina anartha daNDoM ko nahIM karatA hai vaha rASTra kalyANa meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna detA hai| zrAvaka vyasana mukta jIvana jItA hai| vaha nazIlI vastuoM-zarAba, carasa, gAMjA, aphIma, heroIna, bIr3I-sigareTa, mAMsa, madhu se dUra rahatA hai| Aja madya saba jagaha upalabdha hai| dUdha milanA bhale hI dUbhara ho gayA ho| mAMsa ke lie hamAre pazudhana ko naSTa kiyA jA rahA hai jisase khetI aura paryAvaraNa ko bhArI nukasAna ho rahA hai| mAMsa ke lie anAja kI bali dI jA rahI hai| jo ucita nahIM jaina zrAvaka ina vikRtiyoM se dUra raha kara rASTra kA bahuta bar3A kalyANa karatA hai| zarAba ke naze meM hone vAle hiMsaka vyavahAra ke kAraNa prati varSa karor3oM rupayoM kI hAni hotI hai| jana hAni bhI hotI hai jaina zrAvaka vivekI hotA hai jisakA uddezya nukasAna karanA nahIM, balki nukasAna bacAnA hotA hai| vaha samAja kA, prakRti, paryAvaraNa evaM rASTra kA sabase bar3A hitaiSI hotA hai| jaina zrAvaka kA bhAva, vacana aura kriyAe~ aisI hotI haiM jina se kisI ko koI kaSTa na ho ata: inakA saMbandha rASTra kalyANa se hI jur3a jAtA hai| merI to yahI kAmanA hai ki pratyeka bhAratavAsI ko zrAvaka dharma apanAnA cAhie tAki sahaja hI rASTra kalyANa ho ske| saMdarbha 1. AcArya umAsvAmI: tattvArtha sUtra 7/2 2. sAgAradharmAmRta 3. madya mAMsa mudha tyAgaiH sahANuvrata pNckm| aSTau mUlaguNAnAhurgRhiNAM shrmnnottmaaH|| -AcArya samaMtabhadraH ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-66 4. madyamala mdhunishaashn-pNcphliivirti-pNckaaptnutii| jIvadayAjalagAlanamiti ca kvcidssttmuulgunnaaH|| ___-paM. AzAdhara : sAgAradharmAmRta-2/18 5. AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra 6. paM. AzAdharaH sAgAradharmAmRta TIkA-1 7. mahAbhArata 8. darzana prAbhRta 9. AcArya amRtacandraH puruSArthasiddhayupAya-30 10. AcArya amitagatiH

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 11. AcArya umAsvAmI: tattvArthasUtra 5/21 12. AcArya amitagatiH sAmAyika pATha 13. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra: merI bhAvanA 14. zAnti pATha 15. Economics by Ferderic Bantham, P.8 16. vizvamitraH dIpAvalI aMka di. 21/10/49 pR.16 17. paM. AzAdharaH sAgAra dharmAmRta 1/15 18. AcArya zrI vidyAsAgaraH mUkamATI pR.82 19. vahI, pR.192 20. AcArya umAsvAmI: tattvArtha sUtra, 7/25-29 21. paM. daulatarAmaH chahaDhAlA, 4/11-12 ela-65, nyU indirAnagara burahAnapura (ma.pra.)

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 Adhunika saMdarbha meM 'sAmAyika' kI upAdeyatA - DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina 'sAmAyika' jainadharma kI eka maulika avadhAraNA hai jisameM saMpUrNa jaina darzana kA sAra samAhita hai| yadi yaha pUchA jAe ki eka zabda meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA dharma kyA hai to isakA uttara hogaa-'saamaayik'| prAcIna kAla se hI 'sAmAyika' karane kI paramparA saMpUrNa jaina samAja meM calI A rahI hai| digambara ho yA zvetAmbara; gRhastha ho yA muni sAmAyika kA mahattva pratyeka sthala para hai| ___ muniyoM ke chaha AvazyakoM meM sAmAyika' prathama Avazyaka hai| AcArya kundakunda ne "samaNo samasaha dukkho' (pravacanasAra gAthA 1/4) kahakara samaNa kA lakSaNa hI sukha aura duHkha meM samabhAva rahane vAlA kiyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM samaNa kA lakSaNa karate hue aparAjitasUri ne kahA 'samaNo samAnamaNo samaNassa bhAvo sAmaNNaM kvacidapyanagugatarAgadveSatA samatA saamnnshbdenocyte| athavA sAmaNNaM smtaa|' arthAt 'jinakA mana sama hai vaha samaNa tathA samaNa kA bhAva 'sAmaNNaM' (zrAmaNya) hai| kisI bhI vastu meM rAga-dveSa kA abhAva rUpa samatA 'sAmaNNaM' zabda se kahI jAtI hai| athavA sAmaNNaM ko samatA kahate haiN| __ mAtra muni hI nahIM varan gRhastha bhI muniyoM kI taraha sAmAyika dhAraNa karatA hai aura samasta sAvadha yoga se rahita, samatA meM sthita sAmAyika karane vAlA gRhastha bhI utane kSaNa muni sadRza ho jAtA hai| isakI carcA bhI jainAcAryoM ne sthAna-sthAna para kI hai| AcArya amRtacandra likhate haiM ki sAmAyika Azrita gRhastha cAritra mohodaya ke sadbhAva meM bhI mahAvratI muni ke samAna hotA hai sAmAyikAzritAnAM smstsaavdyyogprihaaraat| bhavati mahAvratameSAmudaye'pi caaritrmohsy|| (puruSArthasiddhyupAya-zlo.150) kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI "jo kuvvAdi sAiyaM so muNisariso have taav||"(gaathaa-357) kahakara yahI bhAva prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya baTTakera mUlAcAra (1/23) meM likhate haiM ki jIvana-maraNa, lAbha-hAni, saMyoga-viyoga, mitra-zatru, sukha-du:kha Adi meM rAgadveSa na karake samabhAva rakhanA samatA hai aura isa prakAra ke bhAva ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| sAmAyika kI vyutpattimUlaka vyAkhyA karate hue kezavavarNI ne likhA hai 'sama'

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 arthAt ekatva rUpa se AtmA meM 'Aya' arthAt Agamana ko samAya kahate haiN| isa dRSTi se paradravyoM se nivRtta hokara AtmA meM pravRtti kA nAma samAya hai| athavA 'saM' arthAt samarAgadveSa se abAdhita madhyastha AtmA meM 'Aya' upayoga kI nivRtti samAya hai| vaha prayojana jisakA hai vaha sAmAyika hai| -(gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, jIva ta. pra. TIkA gAthA 368) uttarAdhyayana ke eka praznottara meM kahA hai- jIva ko sAmAyika se kyA prApta hotA hai? isake uttara meM kahA hai-sAmAyika se jIva sAvadha yogoM (asat pravRttiyoM) se virati ko prApta hotA hai| (uttarAdhyayana 29/8) ___ AcArya kundakunda ne kahA ki cAritra vAstava meM dharma hai| jo dharma hai vaha 'sAmya' hai aura moha kSobha se rahita AtmA kA pariNAma bhAva hI 'sAmya' hai| AtmA kI isI avasthA ko sAmAyika kahate haiN| cArittaM khula dhammo dhammo jo so samotti nniddttttho| mohakkhohavihINo pariNAmo appaNo hu smo|| (pracanasAra, 1/7) saMpUrNa vyAkhyAoM kA sAra yahI hai ki sabhI sAvadhayoga se rahita hokara, rAga-dveSAdi vikAroM se pare AtmA kA sAmyabhAva meM sthira honA hI sAmAyika kahalAtA hai| jayadhavalA meM dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, ina cAra prakAroM se sAmAyika ke bheda kiyA hai| (jayadhavalA 1/1/1, pra. 81) / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ke bheda se tathA eka sthala para mana, vacana aura kAya-ina tIna bhedoM se sAmAyika ke bheda mAne haiN| (bha. A. vi. TIkA gAthA-116) isa prakAra prakArAntara se aura bhI prabheda mila jAte haiN| kintu yadi gaharAI se vicAra kareM to hama pAyeMge ina bhedoM ke mUla meM bhI bAhya nimittoM kI apekSA hI mukhya hai| antaraMga nimitta to yahA~ eka AtmapariNati hI hai| kaba kaba sAmAyika karanA cAhie isakA ullekha bhI zAstroM meM kaI prakAra se prApta hote haiN| AvazyakasUtra meM ullikhita sAmAyika pATha uccAraNa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa viSaya para zodhakArya karake paryApta dRSTiyoM ko sAmane lAyA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ maiM sAmAyika ke mAtra kucha saMdarbha hI ullikhita kara rahA hU~ kyoMki sAmAyika viSaya para prAcIna digambara-zvetAmbara AgamoM kA adhyayana tathA una para zodhakArya kara eka pUre zodhaprabandha kI bhI racanA ho sakatI hai aura saMbhavataH huI bhI hai| zAstroM meM sAmAyika ke aticAroM kA bhI ullekha hai, maiM usa vistRta vyAkhyA meM bhI nahIM jA rahA huuN| isa saMdarbha meM merA mAtra yahI kahanA hai ki sAmAyika ke pATha Aja hindI tathA saMskRta meM bhI uccarita hone lage haiN| merA mAnanA hai ki sAmAyika pATha mUla prAkRta bhASA meM hI hone caahie| bhASA kA apanA eka mahattva hotA hai| prAkRta jainoM ke mUla AgamoM kI bhASA hai / hama bhale hI hindI, saMskRta yA aMgrejI meM unake artha zrAvakoM ko samajhAyeM tAki

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44 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 prAkRta pATha mAtra bhAvazUnya kriyA na raha jAye kintu mUla pATha prAkRta bhASA meM hI surakSita rkheN| sAmAyika kA kAla ___ zAstroM meM sAmAyika kA kAla eka antarmuhUrta nizcita kiyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai 48 minaTa se kucha km| nizcita rUpa se eka gRhastha Aja kI isa bhAga-daur3a bharI jindagI meM 48 minaTa apanI AtmA kI ArAdhanA ke lie nikAla le to yaha bahuta bar3I bAta hai| hama yaha vicAra kara sakate haiM ki kyA 24 ghaMToM meM mAtra 48 minaTa svabhAva ke lie nahIM nikAla sakate jabaki zeSa 23 ghaMTe 12 minaTa hama parabhAvoM meM hI rahate hai| aisI sAmAyika to dina meM kaI bAra bhI kI jAtI hai kintu yadi mAtra eka antarmuhUrta bhI samatA kI ArAdhanA ke lie hama nahIM nikAla sakate to hameM yaha kahanA chor3a denA cAhie ki hama vItarAgatA ke upAsaka haiM aura mokSapada ke pratyAzI haiN| prAcIna zAstrokta sAmAyika kA abhyAsa to sAdhu saMghoM meM, maMdiroM meM, sthAnakoM meM calatA hai tathA usakI preraNA zrAvakoM ko dI jAtI hai| yaha paraMparA calatI rahanI cAhie kintu Aja ke Adhunika aura uttara-Adhunika yuga meM globalAijezana ke isa daura meM aba vakta A gayA hai jaba hama 'sAmAyika' kI eka globala pravidhi bhI vikasita kreN| isa nayI pravidhi meM hama abhyAsa ke rUpa meM hI; na sahI 48 minaTa balki mAtra 15 minaTa kI aisI nayI prakriyA taiyAra kara sakate haiM jo mahaja yAntrika na hokara atyanta svAvalambI tathA svAbhAvika ho| maiM mAnatA hU~ ki kisI eka nizcita samaya meM pUre vizva meM sabhI jaina saMpradAyoM se pare hokara yadi pandraha minaTa bhI sAmAyika kI ArAdhanA kareM to eka nayI krAMti kI zuruAta ho sakatI hai| jisa prakAra musalamAna eka nizcita samaya para pUre vizva meM namAja adA karate haiN| ve Trena meM saphara kara rahe hoM athavA pleTaphArma para khar3e hoM cAhe kaisI bhI sthiti meM ho jaba namAja kA vakta hotA hai ve namAja jarUra par3hate haiN| unakI yaha kriyA unakI antarrASTriya pahacAna banAtI hai usI prakAra sabhI saMpradAyoM ke jaina eka nizcita samaya para sAmAyika karake AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko to jIvana meM surakSita rakha hI sakate haiM tathA sAtha hI sAtha isa kriyA ke mAdhyama se apanI antarASTriya pahacAna bhI banA sakate haiN| jaina samAja kI ekatA aura sAmAyika _ 'saMghe zaktiH kalau yuge' - arthAt Aja jisa yuga meM hama jI rahe haiM usa yuga meM saMgaThana, ekatA hI zakti saMpannatA kA paricAyaka hotI hai| jaina dharma evaM saMpradAya AdhyAtmika paribhASA meM eka hote hue bhI aneka saMpradAyoM, upasaMpradAyoM meM vibhakta hai| digambara-zvetAmbara, mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI, bIsapaMthI, tAraNapaMthI, kAnajI paMthI ityAdi aneka vicAra hamArI ciMtanazIlatA ke paricAyaka to haiM kintu jaba hamArI saMskRti ke astitva para hI saMkaTa ke bAdala maDarAne lagate haiM taba hameM kaumI ekatA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 Adhunika yuga meM 'sAmAyika' eka aisI kriyAvidhi ho sakatI hai jisameM sabhI saMpradAya samAna rUpa se zirakata kara sakate haiN| hamArI upAsanA kI vidhiyoM meM kaI antara haiM koI mUrti pUjate haiM to koI nahIM; koI sirpha svAdhyAya-dhyAna hI karate haiM, koI pUjA meM sacitta kA prayoga nahIM karate to koI aisA karane meM koI harja nahIM smjhte| isa dRSTi se hama ba~Te hue haiN| 'sAmAyika' eka aisI prakriyA hai jo sabhI saMpradAyoM meM lagabhaga samAna hai| pATha bhI uccAraNa bhI lagabhaga sabhI saMghoM meM eka sA hI hotA hai| pravidhi meM yadi kucha aMtara haiM bhI to unheM Apasa meM mila baiThakara sudhArA jA sakatA hai| jaise- sthAnakavAsI, terApaMthI mukhavastrikA pahananA jarUrI batAte haiM kintu digambara aura mUrtipUjaka zvetAmbara ise Avazyaka nahIM maante| lekina sabhI pakSa samatA kI ArAdhanA, Atmacintana, pratikramaNa, prAyazcitta Adi ke uddezya se eka haiN| mUrtipUjA karane vAloM ke yahA~ bhI yaha anivArya nahIM hai ki sAmAyika mandira meM hI karanA, kahIM bhI kara sakate haiM, koI parAdhInatA nahIM hai| merI to mAnyatA yahI hai ki sabhI apanI- apanI taraha sAmAyika kareM kintu aisA karate hue bhI eka 'globala sAmAyika' aisI jarUra nirmita kareM jisa para sabhI pakSa apanI muhara lagAyeM aura pUre vizva ke jaina use kisI eka nizcita samaya meM eka sAtha jarUra saMpanna kreN| Adhunika pariveza meM jainatva kI rakSA kA yaha eka amUlya yogadAna hogaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM janmakalyANaka mahotsava varSa para jaina dharma ke sabhI saMpadrAyoM upasaMpradAyoM ne milakara pratIka cinha, dhvaja Adi kaI cIjoM meM eka samAnatA banAkara misAla kAyama kI thI jo Aja eka antarrASTriya pahacAna bana cukA hai| kintu kriyAoM meM bhI eka udAharaNa to aisA banAnA cAhie jisase hama kaha sakeM ki ye dhArmika kriyA hamArA eka aisA kriyA hai jisase sabhI jana eka sAtha eka samaya meM avazya saMpanna karate hai aura zAyada 'sAmAyika' para Amasammati ArAma se bana sakatI hai| uttara Adhunika yuga aura globala sAmAyika Aja jisa vizva samAja meM hama raha rahe haiM usameM manuSya vikAsa kI sArI sImAyeM pAra kara rahA hai kintu usakA yaha vikAsa jitanA bAharI hai utanA AMtarika nahIM hai| Aja kI nayI pIr3hI kA bhautika jagat bhale hI hameM AkarSaka aura gatimAna dikhAyI detA ho kintu usakA bhAva jagata kAphI kSata-vikSata hai| yaha kyA kama Azcarya kI bAta hai ki philma dekhane ke liye tIna ghanTe aura pratidina inTaraneTa para ceTa karane ke lie ghaMToM kA samaya hama AsAnI se nikAla lete haiM kintu jina mandira meM darzana karane aura svAdhyAya karane ke nAma para hama apanI vyastatAoM kI eka lambI lisTa banA dete haiN| Aja ke isa yuga meM asthiratA aura utAra-car3hAva jitanA roja ghaTita hotA hai utanA pahale nahIM hotA thaa| saphalatA-asaphalatA, lAbha-hAni kI sthiti kise kaba nahIM bhoganI par3atI? kintu apanI AtmA se jur3e loga hara sthiti meM samatA kI ArAdhanA karake usa para vijaya prApta kara lete haiM kintu mAtra bhautika duniyA meM jIne vAle pratikUla sthitiyoM ko sahaja nahIM kara pAte aura jIvana taka samApta kara DAlate haiN| Aja ucca zikSA prApta karane vAle ddoNkttr-iNjiiniyr-ddtth| chAtra-chAtrAeM taka thor3I sI pratikUlatA Ane para

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46 anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 AtmahatyA taka kara lete haiM yaha kisI se chupA nahIM hai / jainadharma kI 'sAmAyika' vyakti ko khuda se jur3ane kA maukA detI hai khuda se khuda kI mulAkAta kA maukA detI hai 'saamaayik'| 'sAmAyika' kA abhyAsa karane vAle kA Atmabala itanA majabUta ho jAtA hai ki vaha kisI bhI paristhiti meM apanA saMtulana nahIM khotaa| isa prakAra kA Atma vijayI vyakti pUre vizva para saphalatA kI vijaya patAkA phaharA sakatA hai| Aja nayI pIr3hI dhArmika kriyAoM ke nAma se ghabarAtI hai| sampradAyoM kI vyAkhyAoM se usakA koI lenA denA nahIM hai| mahAnagaroM meM, videzoM meM pratidina devadarzana karanA eka bahuta bar3I samasyA hai| Aja kI isa bhAgadaur3a vAlI jindagI meM koI eka sthAna para baiThakara do ghar3I yadi apanI AtmA aura paramAtmA kA smaraNa kara le to samajhie bahuta bar3I saphalatA mila gayI hai| yadi hama sAmAyika ke uddezya, svarUpa ko surakSita rakhate hue nayI sAmAyika ko vikasita kareM to Adhunika yuga kA zrAvaka dharma se jur3A rahegA, apanI AtmA se jur3A rahegA, apane jIvana mUlyoM ko surakSita rakha skegaa| tanAva aura azAMti ke isa mAhaula meM bhI vaha hara paristhiti para vijaya prApta karake AtmakalyANa kA mArga bhI prazasta kara skegaa| - asisTeMTa prophesara, jainadarzana vibhAga zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) naI dillI - 16 .9898034740, 9711397716 ***** email-anekant76@yahoo.co.in

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 pUjA ke AdhAra para- deva, zAstra aura guru - DaoN. basanta lAla jaina mAnava jIvana kA paramalakSya mokSopalabdhi hai| mokSa jIvana ke parama Ananda kI avasthA kA nAma hai| mokSarUpI Ananda kI prApti ke lie pUjA, ArAdhanA/upAsanA yA zakti eka sAdhana hai| bhagavAna kI bhakti ke dvArA hI parama sukha kI prApti hotI hai| digambara jaina paraMparA ke AcArya padmanandi jI ne sukhamaya jIvana ke lie chaha karaNIya karttavyoM kA nirdeza 'padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA' graMtha meM diyA hai devapUjA gurupAstiH svAdhyAyaH sNymstpH| dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaTkarmANi dine-dine| gRhastha ko apane jIvana meM devapUjA, guru upAsanA, zAstrasvAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna-ina chaha kartavyoM kA pAlana pratidina karanA caahie| ina chaha karttavyoM meM prathama devapUjA ko sthAna diyA jAtA hai kyoMki devapUjA ke sAtha bAkI ke pA~ca kartavya bhI kar3I kI bhAMti jur3e hue haiN| ye devapUjA Adi ArAdhanA/ bhakti ke hI aMga haiN| paramAtmA kA pUjana, guru kI upAsanA, zAstra adhyayana, saMyama, tapa aura dAna- ina chaha kartavyoM ke pAlana se mAnava kA hRdaya, vacana, aura kAya zuddha ho jAtA hai| ina tIna yogoM kI zuddhi hone se saMpUrNa mAnava jIvana pavitra ho jAtA hai| vyaktigata jIvana pAvana hone se kramazaH pArivArika jIvana, sAmAjika jIvana tathA rASTrIya jIvana pavitra ho jAtA hai| rASTra evaM rASTrIya jIvana zuddha, pavitra hone se rASTra kI mAnasikatA/ vicAradhArA kalyANakArI ho| laukika kalyANa hone para paraMparA se AdhyAtmika kalyANa bhI saMbhava hai| ataH AdhyAtmika sukha-ananta catuSTaya kI prApti hetu devapUjA yA bhakti Avazyaka hai| pUjya puruSoM ke guNoM ke prati anurAga rakhanA bhakti kahalAtI hai yA paramAtmA ke prati anurAga bhAva rakhanA pUjA hai| paramAtmA ke guNoM kI prApti ke lie unake guNa evaM unake prati zraddhApUrvaka Adara satkAra karanA pUjA kahalAtA hai| samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakacAritra rUpI ratnatraya-prApti ke lie ratnatraya pradAtA deva, zAstra aura guru kI upAsanA/ ArAdhanA karanA pUjA kahalAtI hai| AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI ne arihanta, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu parameSThI tathA unake pravacanoM meM vizuddha bhAvapUrvaka anurAga ko pUjA mAnA hai| paramAtmA kI pUjA bhAvapUrvaka dravya se kI jAtI hai| isalie pUjana meM dravya aura bhAva-ina do tattvoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| mana se iSTa devoM kA arcana karanA bhAvapUjA hai| parama bhakti ke sAtha jinendra deva ke ananta guNoM kA kIrtana karake jo trikAla vaMdanA kI jAtI hai vaha bhAva pUjA hai| deva, zAstra guru kA mana, vacana aura kAyapUrvaka aSTa dravyoM se

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 kIrtana pUjana karanA dravya pUjA hai| zuddha bhAvoM ke sAtha zabdoM ke dvArA jinendra deva kA guNa karate hue aSTa dravyoM kA vinaya ke sAtha samarpaNa karanA dravya pUjA hai|' bhAvapUjA ke sAtha hI dravyapUjA karanA sArthaka hai| 48 - dharma ke svAmI ne sukhamaya jIvana ke lie zuddha bhAvoM ke sAtha aSTa-dravya pUjA karanA upayogI batAyA hai| triyoga pUrvaka aSTa-dravya se kisa guNa yA yA guNI kI pUjana karanA cAhie? yA pUjana ke lie kauna yogya vyakti hai? yA pUjya kauna hai? pUjana kA AdhAra / Azraya kauna hai ? athavA zreSTha guNoM ke dhArI yA svAmI kauna haiM jinakI hameM pUjA karanI cAhie? - ina sabhI praznoM kA uttara eka hai- satyArtha deva, zAstra aura ke svAmI deva, zAstra guru hI pUjya haiM, unake ananta guNa hI hamAre pUjA ke AdhAra haiM yA Azraya hai| kevalajJAna, kevala darzana, akSaya sukha va zAMti akSaya Atmabala - jaise guNa evaM ina guNoM ke svAmI- kaMvalI, arihaMta, sarvajJa, bItarAga deva hI pUjya haiN| pUjA ke AdhAra hai| zubha svarUpa deva, zAstra guru kI upAsanA se pUjaka kI AtmA pavitra hotI hai aura Atmahita kA mArga prazasta hotA hai| guru / ratnatraya hamArA jIvana sukhamaya ho, isake lie hama bhagavAna yA iSTadeva kI ArAdhanA karate haiN| hama jisa iSTadeva, guru kI upAsanA evaM zAstra adhyayana karanA cAhate haiN| usa iSTadeva ke pAsa kauna-kauna sI upalabdhiyAM haiM, yA kauna-kauna vizeSatAe~ yA guNa haiM yA guNa ke svAmI haiM yA unakA kyA svarUpa hai, yA rUpa hai? yA unakI kyA pahacAna hai? yA kisa kAraNa hamArA jIvana maMgalamaya ho sakatA hai? yA sacce deva zAstra, guru kI kyA pahacAna hai ? ina saba bAtoM para vicAra Avazyaka hai| ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna hamAre jainAcArya karate hue kahate haiM ki jo AtmA vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI hai, vahI paramAtmA hamAre lie pUjya hai| jo yathArtha Apta dvArA upadiSTa vANI ko zAstroM ko lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai vaha zAstra pUjya hai| jo vItarAga ke upadeza ko, sadAcAra ko svayaM jIvana meM jItA hai aura use hI bhavya jIvoM ke lie bhI upadeza detA hai vahI saccA guru pathapradarzaka pUjya hai| pUjya deva kA svarUpa jo AtmA yA paramAtmA vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI hotA hai, vahI devatA pUjanIya hai| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne pUjya devatA ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' graMtha meM likhA hai AptenotsannadoSeNa sarvajJenAgamezinA / " bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hayAptatA bhavet // 15 // 7 niyamapUrvaka Apta (deva) ko doSa rahita vItarAga, sarvacarAcara jagat ko jAnane vAlAsarvajJa aura vastusvarUpa ke pratipAdaka - Agama kA svAmI mokSamArga kA praNetA hitopadezI honA cAhie; kyoMki anya prakAra se AptapanA nahIM ho sakatA arthAt jo vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI nahIM hai, vaha puruSa kabhI saccA yA pUjyadeva nahIM ho sakatA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 AcArya kundakunda svAmI ne 'bodhapAhuDa' meM sacce deva ke bAre meM likhA hai so devo jo atthaM dhamma kAmaM sudeda NANaM ca / so dei jassa atthi du attho dhammo ya pavvajjA // 24 // dhammo dayA visuddho pavvajjA savvasaMgaparicattA / devA vavagaya moho udayayaro bhavva-jIvANAM // 25 // jo dhana, dharma, bhoga aura mokSa kA kAraNa- jJAna ko detA hai, vahI deva hai| saMsArameM yaha nyAya hai ki jisake pAsa jo vastu hotI hai vahI vastu anya ko detA hai| deva ke pAsa artha, dharma, kAma aura pravrajyA- dIkSA (jJAna) hai| dayA se vizuddha dharma sarva parigraha se rahita pravrajyA aura moha se rahita deva, ye tInoM bhavya jIvoM kA kalyANa karane vAle haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara ne pUjanIya deva kI vaMdanA karate hue likhA hai ki lokA-lokA-lokita, karate pUrNa jJAna se sahita raheM, virAgatA se bharita rahe haiM doSa aThAraha rahita rheN| jagahita ke upadezaka ye hI niyama rUpa se Apta raheM, yahI AptatA nahIM anyathA, jina-pada meM mama mAtha rhe| AryikA ziromaNi jJAnamatI mAtA jI ne mahAmaMtra-NamokAra pUjana meM pUjya deva ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai chayAlisa suguNa ko dharai arihaMta jinezA, sarva doSa aThAraha se rahita trijaga mheshaa| ye ghAtiyA ko ghAta ke paramAtmA hue| sarvajJa, vItarAga aura nirdoSa guru hue / svAmI kArtikeya ke anusAra "jo trikAlavartI guNa paryAyoM se saMyukta samasta lokAloka ko pratyakSa jAnatA hai vaha sarvajJadeva hI ArAdhanA ke yogya hai" jo paramasukha (mokSa) meM krIr3A karate haiM, yA karmoM ko jItane kI icchA karate haiM, jo karor3oM sUryoM ke bhI adhika teja se daidIpyamAna hai jo dharmayukta vyavahAra kA vidhAtA hai, jo loka-aloka ko jAnatA hai, jo apane AtmasvarUpa kA stavana karatA hai, aise vizeSaNoM (guNoM) se yukta AcArya, upAdhyAya, aura sAdhu hI sacce deva ho sakate haiN|" rAgAdi kA sadbhAva rUpa doSa, prasiddha jJAnAvaraNAdi karma- ina donoM kA jisameM sarvathA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha deva hI pUjya hai| aise sacce deva kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, anantasukha aura anaMtavIrya (zakti) ke svAmI hone se pUjya haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra pUjyadeva ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa AcArya samantabhadra svAmI jI ne 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' graMtha meM pUjya deva ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki jo vItarAgI sarvajJa aura hitopadezI hai, vahI saccA deva Apta ho sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa paribhASA meM pUjya deva ke lie prathama vizeSaNa hai-vItarAgatA, jisakA artha hai- jisane Atmabala se 18 doSoM ko jIta liyA hai, apane

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vaza meM kara liyA hai vahI vItarAgI hai| ve doSa haiM- janma, jarA, tRSA, kSudhA, Azcarya, arati, du:kha, roga, zoka, mada, moha, bhaya, nidrA, cintA, svedamala, rAga, dveSa, mrnn| ina doSoM kA nAma nimnalikhita zloka meM dikhAyA gayA hai: kSutpipAsA- jarAtaMka- janmAntaka- bhayasmayaH / na rAgadveSa mohAzca, yasyAptaH saH prakIrtyate // 6 // ra.ka.kArikA-6 jisa AtmA ne jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya, aura antarAya karma-doSa kA nAza kara kramazaH kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana, akSaya-anaMta-sukha aura akSaya anantazakti-bala ke svAmI ho gaye haiN| ve hI sarvajJa kahalAne yogya haiN| aise sarvajJadeva ko Apta, parameSThI, paramajyoti, kevalajJAnI, virAgI, vItarAgI, vimala, kRtakRtya Adi madhya, anta se rahita, sarvahita kartA, zAstra-hitopadezaka, arhanta, jina, jinendra, jIvanmukta, sakala paramAtmA Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| sacce deva kI tIsarI pahacAna yaha hai ki- vaha hitopadezI hotA hai| vaha hitopadezI jIvanmukta paramAtmA hotA hai, kevalajJAna yAnI saMpUrNa jJAna kA dhArI-svAmI hotA hai, karmarUpI mala/ doSa se rahita hotA hai, kRtakRtya yA siddha sAdhya prApta hotA hai, anaMta catuSTaya kA bhaNDAra hotA hai, vizva ke prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlA hotA hai| ratnatrayarUpa mokSamArga kA bhavya jIvoM ke lie binA kisI icchA se kalyANa kA upadeza dene vAle paramAtmA hitopadezI kahalAte haiN| aise hitopadezI bhagavAna rAgadveSa Adi ke binA apanA prayojana na hone para bhI samIcIna-bhavyajIvoM ko hita kA upadeza dete haiM kyoMki bajAne vAle- zilpi ke hAtha ke sparza se dhvani-zabda karatA huA mRdaMga kyA apekSA rakhatA hai? arthAt nhiiN| sarvajJa siddhi__ AcArya samantabhadra svAmI jI ne Apta ko doSa-rahita, sarvajJa aura Agama kA svAmI batAyA hai| Apta ke lie tIna guNoM kA honA Avazyaka hai-vItarAgatA, sarva carAcara saMsAra ko jAnane vAlA sarvajJa aura Agama kA svAmI yA hitopdeshii| ina tIna guNoM meM sarvajagat kA jJAtA- sarvajJa ko AcArya ne yukti Agama aura anumAna se siddha kiyA hai| AcArya AptamImAMsA meM likhate haiM ki sUkSmAntarita dUrArthAH pratyakSAH kasyacid yathA / anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvajJasaMsthitiH // 5 // sUkSma padArtha-paramANu Adi, antarita padArtha- kAla ke anta se sahita rAma, Adi mahApuruSa, dUravartI padArtha- meru, himavana parvata Adi, kisI puruSa ke pratyakSa avazya haiN| kyoMki ve padArtha hamAre anumeya hote haiN| jo padArtha anumeya hotA hai vaha kisI vyakti ke pratyakSa bhI hotA hai| jaise hama parvata meM agni ko anumAna se jAnate haiM, kintu parvata para sthita puruSa use pratyakSa se jAnatA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jo padArtha kisI ke anumAna ke viSaya hote haiM ve kisI ke pratyakSa ke viSaya bhI hote haiN| ataH hama loga sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM ko anumAna se jAnate haiM ata: unako pratyakSa se jAnane vAlA bhI koI

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51 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 avazya honA cAhie aura jo puruSa unako pratyakSa se jAnatA hai vahI sarvajJa hai| isa prakAra 'sUkSmAntarita dUrArthAH kasyacit, pratyakSA anumeyatvAt, isa anumAna se sarvajJa kI siddhi hotI hai| lekina vaha sarvajJa arhanta deva hI hai isakI siddhi ke lie AcArya likhate haiM sa tvamevAsi nirdoSo yukti zAstrAvirodhivAk / avirodho yadiSTaM te prasiddhena na baadhyte||6|| he bhagavAn ! pahile jise sAmAnya se vItarAga tathA sarvajJa siddha kiyA gayA hai, vaha Apa arhanta hI haiN| Apake nirdoSa vItarAga hone meM pramANa yaha hai ki Apake vacana yukti aura Agama se avirodhI haiN| Apake iSTa tattva mokSAdi meM kisI pramANa se bAdhA nahIM Ane ke kAraNa yaha nizcita hai ki Apake vacana yukti aura Agama se avirodhI haiN| arhanta ne jina mokSa Adi tattvoM kA upadeza diyA hai unameM kisI pramANa se virodha na Ane ke kAraNa arhanta ke vacana yukti aura Agama se avirodhI siddha hote haiM aura avirodhI vacana arhanta kI nirdoSatA ko ghoSita karate haiN| isalie svabhAva, deza aura kAla viprakRSTa paramANu Adi padArthoM ko jAnane vAle arhanta hI haiN| arhanta ke atirikta anya koI sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki anya saba sadoSa haiN| sadoSa hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake vacana yukti aura Agama se viruddha haiN| jinhoMne jina tattvoM kA upadeza diyA hai vaha pramANa se bAdhita hai| pUjanIya zAstra kA svarUpa ___ ArAdhanA kA dvitIya AdhAra Agama hai| pUjanIya Agama vItarAgI arhanta dvArA pratipAdita atizaya buddhi ke dhAraka gaNadhara deva ke dvArA dhAraNa kiye gaye rAga-dveSa kI bhAvanA se rahita AcArya, upAdhyAya, muni evaM vidvAnoM dvArA lipibaddha kiye gaye zAstra pUjyanIya zAstra kahalAte haiN| jinAgama, Agama, zAstra, jinavacana, graMtha, siddhAnta, pravacana, upadeza, jinavANI, divyadhvani, divyopadeza, jinazAsana, sarasvatI, zAradA, dvAdazAMgavANI, syAdvAdavANI ityAdi isake aneka nAma haiN| samantabhadrAcArya ne ratnarakaNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM sacce zAstra kA svarUpa nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai ki AptopajJamanullaD.ghya- madRSTeSTavirodhakaM / tattvopadezakRtsArva, zAstraM kApathaghaTTanaM // 9 // 10 arthAt jo vItarAgI-Apta dvArA kahA jAtA hai, indrAdika devoM ke dvArA anulaMghanIya hai arthAt grahaNa karane yogya hai athavA anya vAdiyoM ke dvArA akhaNDanIya hai, pratyakSa-parokSa Adi pramANoM se jo bAdhita nahIM hai, jo vastu svarUpa pratipAdaka hai, jo sabakA hitakAraka hai aura mithyAtva ko naSTa karane vAlA hai, vahI saccA zAstra kahalAtA hai| isa svarUpa kA samarthana karate hue AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja 'rayaNamaMjUSA' meM likhate haiM: "pratyakSAdika anumAnAdika pramANa se avirodhI ho, vItarAga sarvajJa kathita ho nahIM kisI se bAdhita ho|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 ekAntI mana kA nirasaka ho, saba jaga kA hitakAraka ho| anekAntamaya tattva-pradarzaka zAstra vahI agha hAraka ho"||9||11 AcAryoM kA mata hai ki- yathArtha zAstra vahI ho sakatA hai, jo yathArtha Apta dvArA upadiSTa ho, Apta kI vANI ko koI asatya siddha na kara sake, pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, tarka Adi pramANoM se virodha rahita ho, vastu tattva kA kathana karane vAlA ho, samasta prANiyoM kA kalyANa karane vAlA ho, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, aparigraha, kuzIla, anyAya, madyapAna, mAyA, mada, lobha, rAga-dveSa Adi doSoM ko dUra karane vAlA ho, zrIgaNadhara evaM unake ziSyoM-AcAryoM dvArA racita ho, sacce mArga kA pradarzaka ho, AtmA ko paramAtmA banane ke lie nirmala samyak darzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra tathA samyaka ArAdhanA kA upadezaka ho-vahI vAstava meM sacce zAstra kahalAne yogya hai| kavivara dyAnatarAya likhate haiM so syAdvAdamaya-saptabhaMga, gaNadhara gUMthe bAraha su aNg| ravi zazi na harai so tama harAya so zAstra namoM bahuprIti lyaay|12 jinAgama ke cAra anuyoga jinAgama-adhyayana kI suvidhAnusAra zAstroM ke viSaya ko cAra bhAgoM meM rakhA gayA hai'prathamaM karaNaM caraNaM dravyaM namaH' arthAt prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura drvyaanuyog| 1. prathamAnuyoga- tIrthakara, cakravartI, nArAyaNa, pratinArAyaNa aura balabhadra Adi 63 zlAkA puruSa, 169 mahApuruSoM ke Adarzamaya jIvana-caritra kA varNana, bodhi, arthAt ratnatraya evaM samAdhimaraNa taka kA varNana karane vAle zAstra ko prathamAnuyoga kahate haiN| dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa- ina cAra puruSArthoM kA kisI eka mahApuruSa ke caritra kA aura tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke caritra kA varNana karane vAle purANa, kathA, cAritra ko prathamAnuyoga kahate haiN| usake paThana, manana va upadeza Adi se puNya tathA bodhi-jJAna aura samAdhi prApta hotI hai| yaha anuyoga samyagjJAna kA viSaya hai| udAharaNa svarUpa- harivaMzapurANa, padmapurANa, mahApurANa, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, pANDavapurANa, zreNikacaritra Adi prathamAnuyoga ke graMtha haiN| __AcArya samantabhadra ne 'ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra' meM prathamAnuyoga kA lakSaNa pratipAdana karate hue likhA hai ki prathamAnuyogamAkhyAnaM caritaM purANamapipuNyam / bodhisamAdhinidhAnaM, bodhati bodhaH smiiciinH||43||13 yaha prathamAnuyoga tIrthakara Adi mahApuruSoM ke jIvana AdarzoM ke sAtha puNya-pApa ke phala kA digdarzana karAtA hai| isake adhyayana se vyakti ke zubha azubha pariNAmoM ke anusAra usake utthAna aura patana kI bhI spaSTa jhalaka hotI hai| yaha kathA-upakathA ke mAdhyama se gUr3ha tattvoM kA atyanta sarala aura sundara DhaMga se bodha karAtA hai| prAthamika jana bhI isase tattvabodha saralatA se grahaNa kara lete haiM, isalie yaha prathamAnuyoga kahalAtA hai| devazAstra guru kI pUjA, bhakti, upAsanA se puNyAnubandhI puNya kamAkara sadgati kA

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 bhAgIdAra banAnA isa anuyoga kA kArya hai| satpAtroM ko dAna denA, caitya-caityAlayoM kA nirmANa karanA Adi, vrata saMyama niyamoM ko pAlana karanA, svAdhyAya, tapa dhAraNa karanA Adi zubha kAryoM meM upayoga lagAne Adi kA upadeza yaha anuyoga detA hai| jina dvArA pratipAdita dharma meM dRr3ha zraddhAna karanA, unake dvArA batAye gaye sapta tattvoM evaM nava padArtho ko jJAnakara unameM pragAr3ha vizvAsa rakhanA Adi kA jJAna prathamAnuyoga ke adhyayana se prApta hotA hai| yaha anuyoga dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa- ina cAra puruSArthoM kA svarUpa jJAna batalAne vAlA anuyoga graMtha hai| 2. karaNAnuyoga- jo loka-aloka ke vibhAga kA, kalpakAloM ke parivartana, cAra gatiyoM ke paribhramaNa kA kathana karatA hai, vaha karaNAnuyoga kahalAtA hai| isako gaNitAnuyoga, lokAnuyoga ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| karaNa pariNAmoM ko kahate haiM, isa anuyoga meM jIva ke pariNAmoM kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya meM jainAgama mAnyabhUgola, khagola saMbandhI viSayoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| naraka, dvIpa, samudra, kulAcala-sumeruparvata, devaloka, svarga vimAna Adi isa anuyoga ke pratipAdya viSaya haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra lokAlokavibhakteyugaparivRttezcaturgatInAM c| Adarzamiva tathAmati ravaiti karaNAnuyogaM c||14 prathamAnuyoga kI taraha manana rUpa zrutajJAna, loka-aloka ke vibhAga ko yugoM ke parivartana aura cAroM gatiyoM ke lie Adarza darpaNa ke samAna karaNAnuyoga jAnatA hai| gaNitasAra, paNNatti, trilokasAra, lokavibhAga, jambUdvIpa-paNNatti Adi karaNAnuyoga ke pramukha graMtha hai| 3. caraNAnuyoga- gRhasthoM evaM muniyoM ke AcAra sambandhI niyamoM ke nirUpaka anuyoga ko caraNAnuyoga kahate haiN| isa anuyoga meM gRhastha aura gRhatyAgI muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA varNana hotA hai| koI bhI bhavya puruSa kisa upAya se sadAcAra ko prApta kareM, kisa taraha se usakI rakSA kareM aura kisa prakAra se use pallavita kareM, ina saba bAtoM kA spaSTa ullekha caraNAnuyoga meM hotA hai| jise jAnakara bhakta, bhagavAna kI ora sadAcAra pAlana karate hue jAtA hai| yaha bhI samyagjJAna kA eka aMga hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra gRhamedhyanagArANAM, cAritrotpattivRddhi rakSAMgam / caraNAnuyogasamayaM, samyagjJAnaM vijaanaati||15 gRhasthoM aura sAdhuoM ke caritra ke udbhava, usake vikAsa aura usakI rakSA ke aMga svarUpa/ kAraNabhUta athavA ina tIna aMgoM ko lie hue jo zAstra AtmAnusaMdhAna kI dizA meM pravRtta hai use caraNAnuyoga kahate haiN| mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, anagAra dharmAmRta, sAgAra- dharmAmRta, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra Adi caraNAnuyoga ke graMtha haiN| 4. dravyAnuyoga- jisa zAstra meM jIva, ajIva, puNya-pApa, baMdha-mokSa, AtmA Adi

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54 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vizva ke sabhI tattvoM kA kathana ho vaha zAstra dravyAnuyoga kahalAtA hai| dravya kA nirUpakadravyAnuyoga meM pramANa, naya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha, paMcAstikAya, chaha dravya, Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha anuyoga AtmA kI baMdha aura mukta avasthA kA samyak avabodha karAtA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra jIvAjIvasutattve, puNyApuNye ca bandhamokSau ca / dravyAnuyogadIpaH, zrutavidyAlokamAtanute // 16 __ jo jIva aura ajIva tattvoM ko, puNya aura pApa ko tathA bandha aura mokSa ko aura baMdha ke kAraNa-Asrava tathA mokSa ke kAraNa saMvara-nirjarA ko bhI prakAzita karane vAlA dIpaka hai, vaha dravyAnuyoga hai| dravyAnuyoga ke viSaya ko Agama aura adhyAtma kI apekSA do bhAgoM meM rakhA gayA hai| isake Agama siddhAnta evaM nyAya do vibhAga haiM aura adhyAtma ke bhAvanA aura dhyAna kI dRSTi se do bheda haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama, kasAyapAhuDa, gommaTasAra, labdhisAra siddhAMtaviSayaka graMtha haiN| nyAya saMbandhI graMthoM meM aSTasahasrI, zlokavArtika, parIkSAmukha, nyAyadIpikA, AptaparIkSA, AlApapaddhati, prameyakamalamArtaNDa Adi pramukha haiN| adhyAtmaparaka bhAvanA graMtha samayasAra, pravacanasAra paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA Adi pramukha graMtha hai jabaki adhyAtmaparaka dhyAna graMthoM meM jJAnArNava, tattvAnuzAsana, dhyAnastava Adi pramukha haiN| ina Agama meM dravyAnuyoga ke adhyayana ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI hai| jo sadsAhitya ke pratinidhi graMtha haiN| pUjanIya guru kA svarUpa jaina paramparA ke maharSiyoM ko yati, muni, bhikSu, tApasa, tapasvI, saMyamI,yogI, varNI, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, zramaNa, dIkSAguru, RSi, mokSamArgI, digambara, nigraMtha Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| aise maharSi paMcendriya viSayoM se virata rahate hai| hiMsA, jhUTha-corI, kuzIla, parigraha Adi doSoM se dUra rahate haiM aura aMtaraMga-bahiraMga parigraha/ lobha-mAyA Adi ke tyAgI hote haiM, gRhatyAgI digambara hokara jJAnAbhyAsa, dhyAnayoga, tapazcaraNa meM sarvadA dattacitta rahate haiN| aise mahAtmA svapara hitakArI karttavya para svayaM calate haiM aura bhavya jIvoM ko calane kA upadeza dete haiN| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM likhate haiM viSayAzAvazAtIto, nirArambho'parigrahaH / jJAnadhyAnataporaktaH, tapasvI sa prshsyte||16 jo viSayoM kI AzA ke vaza se rahita ho, AraMbha aura parigraha se rahita ho tathA jJAna, dhyAna, tapa meM nirata ho, aise vaha tapasvI guru prazaMsA ke yogya haiN| kavivara dyAnatarAya devazAstra guru pUjana ke jayamAlA pATha meM guru kI stuti/mahimA likhate haiM guru AcAraja uvajhAya sAdhu, tana nagana ratnatrayanidhi agAdha saMsAra deha vairAgya dhAra, niravAMchi tapai ziva-pada nihaar||6||

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 guNa chattisa paccisa ATha bIsa, bhava-tArana tarana jihAja iis| guru kI mahimA varanI na jAya,garu nAmajapo mana vacana kaay||7|| kavivara dyAnatarAya jI kA mata hai ki apanI zakti ke anusAra deva, zAstra aura guru kI pUjana, bhakti, dhyAna, jApa maraNa Adi doSoM se dUra karake ajara-amara pada-mokSa ko prApta karAtA hai| jina paraMparA meM ratnatrayapradAtA- satyArtha deva, zAstra aura guru- meM tIna zubha ratna jaina pUjA- vidhAna ke nimitta yA AdhAra haiN| pratyeka gRhastha ko pratidina deva zAstra aura guru jo samIcIna ho, kA pUjana-bhakti kara AtmA ko pavitra karanA caahie| sacce deva kI zreNI meM saMpUrNa vItarAga parama devoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| arhanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, jinadharma, jinavANI, caitya, jina caityAlaya- ina devoM kI gaNanA parama devoM meM kI jAtI hai| saMdarbha 1. padmanandi paMcaviMzatikA, 403 2. sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya 6 sUtra 24 3. vasunaMdi zrAvakAcAra gAthA 456-458, jainendra siddhAMta koza bhaga 3, pR. 65 bhagavatI ArAdhanA vi. 46/159/21, jainendra siddhAMta koza bhAga 3, pR. 64 5. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka 5, AcArya samantabhadra svAmI 6. bodhapAhuDa gAthA 24,25- AcArya kundakunda svAmI 7. ramaNa maMjUSA AcArya vidyAsAgara padyAnuvAda chanda saMkhyA 5 8. NamokAramaMtra pUjana AryikA jJAnamatimAtA jI 9. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra gAthA 6 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 10. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra gAthA 9 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 11. rayaNamaMjUSA- AcArya vidyAsAgara (padyAnuvAda) chanda saM. 9 12. deva, zAstra, guru (samuccaya) pUjA, dyAnatarAya kavivara 13. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka saMkhyA 43 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 14. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka saMkhyA 44 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 15. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka saMkhyA 45 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 16. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka saMkhyA 46 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 17. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra zloka saMkhyA 10 (A. samantabhadra svAmI) 18. devazAstragurupUjA, dyAnatarAya kavivara, jayamAlA pATha / - kohaeNDaoNra jilA- ilAhAbAda (uttarapradeza) *****

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56 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 jaina dharma meM dAna vaiziSTyaH zAstrIya pariprekSya meM -- paMkaja kumAra jaina jaina dharma meM dAna ke prati eka viziSTa dRSTikoNa rakhA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM AtmA ke avinAzI guNoM meM dAna ko bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai| dAnAMtarAya karma ke kSaya se AtmA meM kSAyikadAna nAmaka guNa pragaTa hotA hai| eka apekSA se dAna kSAyika guNa hone ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha arihaMta evaM siddha avasthAoM meM bhI vidyamAna rahatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne sarvArthasiddhi graMtha meM likhA hai ki "dAnAMtarAya karma ke atyanta kSaya se ananta prANiyoM ke samudAya kA upakAra karane vAlA kSAyika abhayadAna hotA hai|" ve Age likhate haiM ki- "yadyapi abhayadAnAdi ke hone meM zarIra nAma karma evaM tIrthakara nAmakarma ke udaya kI apekSA rahatI hai, parantu siddhoM ke nAma karma nahIM hone se abhayadAnAdi prApta nahIM hote, to bhI jisa prakAra siddhoM ke kevala jJAna rUpa se anantavIrya kA sadbhAva mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra paramAnanda ke avyAbAdha rUpa se kSAyika dAna kA bhI siddhoM meM sadbhAva ukta saMdarbho se hama spaSTa jAna sakate haiM ki dAna koI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA vittaprabaMdhana nahIM hai apitu yaha citta-prabaMdhana kA eka utkRSTa mAdhyama hai| vartamAna samaya meM dAna zabda ne bar3A hI saMkucita artha grahaNa kara liyA hai| Aja janasAmAnya vidhAna evaM paMcakalyANaka mahotsavoM meM hone vAlI boliyoM meM diye jAne vAle dhana ko hI dAna samajhane lagA hai| aneka avasaroM para aisA lagatA hai ki prabhAvanA ke kAryoM para hone vAle sAmAjika vyaya ko hI hama dAna kA utkRSTa svarUpa mAna baiThe haiN| AvazyakatA hai ki dAna svarUpa aura usake mAhAtmya ko zAstrIya pariprekSya meM samAja ke samakSa rakhane kI koziza kI jaaye| dAna kA lakSaNa : aneka AcAryoM ne dAna kI vibhinna paribhASAyeM dI haiN| inameM pramukharUpa se AcArya umAsvAmI jI ne tattvArtha sUtra meM dAna kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki ___ "anugrahArtha svasyAtisargo dAnam" arthAt svayaM apanA evaM dUsare ke upakAra ke lie apanI vastu tyAga karanA dAna hai| isI lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai ki "parAnugrahabuddhayA svasyAtisarjanaM dAnam / " arthAt dUsare kA upakAra ho isa buddhi se apanI vastu kA arpaNa karanA dAna hai|' dhavalAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne dAna kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 "ratnatrayavadbhyaH svavittaparityAgo dAnaM ratnatrayasAdhanAditsA vaa|" arthAt ratnatraya se yukta jIvoM ke lie apane vitta kA tyAga karane yA ratnatraya ke yogya sAdhanoM ke prayoga karane kI icchA kA nAma dAna hai|' dAna ke bheda : Agama meM dAna ke bhedoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue sAmAnyataH AhAradAna, auSadhadAna, jJAnadAna, abhayadAna ina cAra prakAra ke dAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM AhAra, auSadha, upakaraNa, AvAsa ke bheda se dAna ke cAra bheda batAye haiN| sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne likhA hai- "tyAga dAna hai| vaha AhAra dAna, abhayadAna aura jJAnadAna ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| mahApurANakAra AcArya guNabhadra ne dAna zabda ke sthAna para datti zabda kA prayoga karate hue dayAdatti, pAtradatti, samadatti aura anvayadatti ke bheda se datti ke cAra bheda kiye haiN|' AcArya padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA meM abhayadAna, auSadhadAna, AhAradAna, zAstradAna ke bheda se dAna ke cAra bheda kiye haiN|' dAna ke paraMparAgata bhedoM se haTakara sAgAradharmAmRta meM paM. AzAdhara ne sAttvika, rAjasika aura tAmasika dAnoM ko bhI uddharita kiyA hai|' unhoMne likhA hai ki jisa dAna meM atithi kA kalyANa ho, jisameM pAtra kI parIkSA va nirIkSaNa svayaM kiyA ho aura jisameM zraddhAdi samasta guNa hoM, use sAtvika dAna kahate haiN| jo dAna kevala apane yaza ke lie kiyA gayA ho, jo thor3e hI samaya ke lie sundara aura Azcaryacakita karane vAlA ho aura dUsare se dilAyA gayA ho use rAjasa dAna kahate jisameM pAtra-apAtra kA kucha dhyAna na diyA gayA ho, atithi kA satkAra na kiyA gayA ho, jo nindya ho aura jisake saba udyoga dAsa aura sevakoM se karAye gaye hoM, usa dAna ko tAmasa dAna kahate haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI zAstroM meM cAra prakAra ke hI dAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| para kahIM-kahIM jJAna dAna ko zAstra dAna kA upakaraNa dAna kahA gayA hai evaM abhaya dAna ke sthAna para AvAsa dAna yA vasatikAdAna kahA gayA hai| ukta nAmAMtara pAtroM kI AvazyakatAnusAra kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna samaya meM artha kI pradhAnatA hai| isa artha pradhAna yuga meM loga saMpatti kA saMcaya karake use kevala viSaya bhoga evaM vilAsitA kI sAmagrI ko kraya karane evaM zAdI-vivAha evaM anya gharelU kAryoM meM hI kharca karate haiN| Aja aneka logoM kI dhAraNA banatI jA rahI hai ki dAna karanA apavyaya hai evaM isase kisI prakAra ke phala kI prApti nahIM hotii| isa saMdarbha meM jainAcAryoM ne hamAre zrAvaka jIvana meM dAna ko Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya batalAyA hai| rayaNasAra meM AcArya kuMdakuMda deva ne spaSTa likhA hai ki

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58 anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 "dANaM pUyA mukkha sAvayadhamme paNa sAvayA teNa viNA" arthAt dAna evaM pUjA zrAvaka ke mukhya dharma haiM, inake binA zrAvaka dharma kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| 10 zrAvaka ke SaT AvazyakoM meM dAna ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai| AcArya padmanaMdI ne paMcaviMzatikA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai ki "dezavratI zrAvaka ke jIvana meM pratidina jina pUjanAdi bahuta se kAryoM ke hone ke bAda bhI satpAtra dAna usakA mahAn guNa hai| unhoMne dAna ko paraMparA se mokSa kA kAraNa bhI mAnA hai / " padmapurANakAra AcArya raviSeNa ne likhA hai| ki- "jIvitAnmaraNaM zreSThaM binA dAnena dehinAm" arthAt prANiyoM ke dAna rahita jIvana se maraNa zreSTha hai| 2 AcArya jinasena ne harivaMza purANa meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko AhAra dAna dene ke kAraNa hastinApura ke rAjA zreyAMsa ne "dAna tIrthaMkara" kA pada prApta kiyaa| unake isa mahAn kArya ke kAraNa hI SaTkhaMDAdhipati bharata cakravartI ne Akara rAjA zreyAMsa kI pUjA ( sammAna) kii| * 14 kArttikeyAnuprekSA graMtha meM svAmikumAra dhanikoM ke lie dAna kI preraNA dete hue likhate haiM ki "jo sampatti kA saMgraha kara na to usakA upabhoga karatA hai aura na hI satpAtroM ko dAna detA hai, vaha bahuta bar3I AtmavaMcanA karatA hai, usakA manuSyatva niSphala hai jo puruSa parizramapUrvaka dhana arjita karake use dharatI ke nIce gAr3akara rakhate haiM, ve apanI saMpatti ko pASANa ke samAna banA rahe haiN| 5 praznottara zrAvakAcAra meM AcArya sakalakIrti ne gRhastha jIvana meM dAna kA mahattva spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki- " jisa gRhasthAzrama meM dAna nahIM diyA jAtA vaha gRhasthAzrama patthara kI nAva ke samAna samajhanA cAhie" aise gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara mUrkha loga atyanta athAha saMsAra rUpI mahAsAgara meM DUba jAte haiN| " muniyoM ke lie diye jAne vAle AhAra dAna kA atizaya mahattva batalAte hue AcArya sakalakIrti ne likhA hai ki "munipAdodakenaiva yasyagehaM pavitritam / naiva zmazAnatulyaM hi tasyAgAraM budhaiH smRtam // " arthAt jinakA ghara muniyoM ke caraNa kamaloM ke jala se pavitra nahIM huA hai unakA ghara zmazAna ke samAna hai aisA vidvAn loga mAnate haiN| " AcArya padmanaMdI pAtra dAna kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlate hue likhate haiM "sUnormRterapi dinaM na satastathA syAdbAdhAkaram, yathAmunidAnazUnyam" arthAt sajjana puruSa ke lie apane putra kI mRtyu kA dina bhI utanA bAdhaka nahIM hotA jitanA muni dAna se rahita dina usake lie bAdhaka hotA hai|" dAna ke abhAva meM dhArmikatA mAtra dikhAvA hai AcArya padmanaMdI jI padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA meM likhate haiM- " jo manuSya dhana ke rahane para bhI dAna meM utsuka to nahIM hotA, parantu apanI dhArmikatA ko prakaTa karatA hai usake

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 hRdaya meM kuTilatA rahatI hai vaha paraloka meM usake sukharUpI parvatoM ke vinAza ke lie bijalI kA kAma karatI hai| "19 59 anyAyopArjita dhana kI dAna meM upayogitA kitanI sArthaka? dharma yadyapi pApa karane kI anumati kisI bhI rUpa meM nahIM detA kiMtu pApa kA kSaya karane evaM prAyazcita aMgIkAra karane ke lie eka mAtra dharma hI mAdhyama hai| isI prakAra jaina zAstra kisI bhI rUpa meM yaha AjJA nahIM dete ki anyAya evaM pApa se dhana arjita karo aura usakA dAna karate raho evaM pratiSThA prApta kro| AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI iSTopadeza meM likhate haiM-" jo manuya dAna karane kI AzA se dhana saMcaya karate haiM, ve usa manuSya kI taraha hai jo " snAna kara lU~gA" isa AzA se pahale kIcar3a lapeTatA hai saMcaya se tyAga zreSTha hai| AtmAnuzAsana meM AcArya guNabhadra ne likhA hai ki- "koI vidvAn manuSya viSayoM ko tRNa ke samAna tuccha samajhakara lakSmI ko yAcakoM ke lie detA hai, koI pApa rUpa samajhakara kisI ko binA diye hI tyAga detA hai| sarvottama vaha hai jo pahile se hI akalyANakArI jAnakara ise grahaNa nahIM krtaa|" dUsarI ora aneka AcAryoM ne dAna kA varNana pApa prakSAlinI kriyA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai AcArya sakalakIrti ne likhA hai ki "mahAhiMsAdije paapkrmendhnsmutkre| jaguH supAtradAnaM hi budhAH sNjvlnopmm||" arthAt vidvAn loga isa pAtra dAna ko mahAhiMsA Adi se utpanna hue pApa karma rUpI IMdhana ke samUha ko jalAne ke lie agni ke samAna batalAte haiN| " AcArya padmanaMdI ne padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA graMtha meM vibhinna zlokoM ke mAdhyama se upadeza diyA hai ki gRhastha dvArA upArjita lakSmI kA saccA sadupayoga dAna meM hI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki-" karor3oM parizramoM se socita kiyA huA jo dhana prANiyoM ko putroM aura apane prANoM se bhI adhika priya pratIta hotA hai usakA sadupayoga kevala dAna dene meM hI hotA hai isake viparIta durvyasanAdi meM usakA upayoga karane se prANI ko aneka kaSTa hI bhogane par3ate haiN|'22 AcArya padmanaMdI ne zrAvakoM ko samajhAte hue kahA hai ki "sampatti dAna karane se kSaya ko prApta nahIM hotI, vaha to puNya ke kSaya se kSaya ko prApta hotI hai| 23 kuralakAvya meM likhA hai " zrImAnoM ko garIboM ke peTa kI jvAlA zAMta karane ke uddezya se dhana saMcaya karanA cAhie, arthAt saMcita dhana se paropakAra karanA caahie| 1124 satpAtra ko dAna karane ke abhAva se isa janma ke saMcita pApa bhI kSaya ko prApta ho jAte haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM varNita kathAnusAra kauzAmbI nagarI ke rAjA sumukha ne vIraka vaizya kI patnI vanamAlA ko apane pAsa rakha liyA thA, vanamAlA bhI rAjA sumukha para Asakta ho gayI thii| usI bhava meM una donoM ne zraddhA-bhakti pUrvaka utkRSTa cAritra ke dhArI varadharma muni ko AhAra dAna diyA thaa| AkAza se bijalI girane se eka dina donoM mRtyu ko prApta hue para satpAtra dAna ke prabhAva se vijayArdha parvata kI zreNiyoM meM vidyAdhara evaM vidyAdharanI ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| " Agama pramANoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki dAna ke prabhAva se kRSi, vyApAra Adi meM AraMbha se utpanna hue pApa kA prakSAlana hotA hai| lekina anyAya, anIti evaM pApa

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 se upArjita dhana ko dAna ke lie zreSTha dravya nahIM mAnA gayA hai isalie dAna ke uddezya se pApa karake lakSmI kA saMcaya karanA buddhimAnI nahIM hai| dAna kA phala AcArya samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki "satpAtroM ko diyA gayA alpadAna bhI samaya para vizAla phala detA hai, jaise bhUmi meM boyA gayA baTa kA choTA sA bIja kAlAMtara meM vizAla vRkSa banakara chAyA detA hai| 26 harivaMza purANa meM likhA hai ki-"rAjA zreyAMsa ne dAna kA phala batalAte hue bharata cakravartI Adi se kahA ki dAna se puNya saMcita hotA hai vaha dAtA ko pahale svargAdi rUpa phala dekara anta meM mokSa rUpI phala detA hai| 127 dAna dene ke prabhAva se manuSya bhogabhUmi evaM svarga ke sukhoM ko bhogate haiM yahA~ taka ki dAna kI anumodanA ke puNya se pazu bhI bhogabhUmi meM janma lete haiN| dAna ke phala saMbaMdhI vizeSAeM: dAna kA phala sadaiva eka samAna prApta nahIM hotA, vidhi, dravya evaM dAtA aura pAtra kI vizeSatAoM se dAna kA phala bhI prabhAvita hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM likhA hai ki-"yAdRgvivaryate dAnaM, tAvadAsAdyate phlm|" arthAt jo jaisA dAna detA hai, use vaisA hI phala prApta hotA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne dAna kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki- "vidhidrvydaatRpaatrvishessaatttishessH|" ___ arthAt dAna ke phala ko usakI vidhi, dravya, dAtA evaM pAtra kI vizeSatAeM prabhAvita karatI hai| inake hIna evaM nikRSTa rahane se hIna phala kI prApti hotI hai evaM inake utkRSTa rahane para utkRSTa evaM zreSTha phala kI prApti hotI hai| dAna kI vidhiH dAna sadaiva vidhi pUrvaka hI denA cAhie, isake lie dAtA ko pAtra kI yogyatA evaM usakI AvazyakatA avazya dekhanI caahie| tIna prakAra ke pAtroM meM utkRSTa pAtra kevala munirAja hI haiM, ataH unheM navadhAbhakti pUrvaka AhAra dAna denA caahie| zeSa madhyama evaM jaghanya pAtroM ko unake yogya Adara satkAra dete hue dAna denA caahie| muniyoM ko AhAra dAna dete samaya kI jAne vAlI navadhAbhakti kA zAstroM meM nimna prakAra se ullekha milatA hai- 1.pratigrahaNa (par3agAhana karanA), 2.ucca sthAna para baiThAnA, 3.pAda-prakSAlana karanA, 4.pUjana karanA, 5.namaskAra karanA 6.manazuddhi, 7.vacana zuddhi, 8. kAyazuddhi 9.AhAra shuddhi| dAna-vidhi meM zuddhi kA mahattvaH zrI nemicandrAcArya ne trilokasAra meM likhA hai ki"dubbhAva asuci sUdaga puSphabaI jaaisNkraadiihiN| kamadANA vi kuvatte jIvA kuNaresu jaayte||

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 61 __ arthAt jo sapta vyasana pUrvaka sUtaka-pAtaka Adi ke samaya evaM rajasvalA avasthA meM (striyoM dvArA) dAna diyA jAtA hai athavA rajasvalA strI se saMspRSTa vastu kA dAna diyA jAtA hai, usa dAna ke phala se dAtA ko kubhoga bhUmi meM janma lenA par3atA hai| dAna ke yogya dravyaH dAna kA utkRSTa phala prApta karane ke liye dravya nyAya evaM nIti se upArjita honA caahie| nyAya evaM nIti pUrvaka kamAye gaye dhana se karAye gaye jinabiMba paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAyeM evaM vidhi-vidhAna Adi samasta anuSThAna sAtizaya saMpanna hote haiN| jahA~ eka ora aise anuSThAnoM se atizaya puNya kA Asrava hotA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora mokSa mArga bhI prazasta hotA hai| kavi saMtalAla jI ne siddhacakravidhAna meM zreSTha yajamAna kA lakSaNa batalAte hue likhA hai ki nItyAzrita dhanapati sudhI, zIlAdi gunnkhaan| jinapada ambuja bhramara mana, so prazasta yjmaan| arthAt yajamAna (AyojanakartA) kA dhana nIti dvArA arjita kiyA huA honA caahie| isI saMdarbha meM paMDita AzAdhara jI ne likhA hai ki-"nyAyopAtta dhano yjn...cret||" arthAt dharma pAlana karane vAle zrAvaka kI aneka vizeSatAoM meM se eka vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki vaha apanA dhana nyAyapUrvaka arjita karatA ho| dAna kA phala dravya kI mAtrA para nahIM apitu usakI zuddhi para nirbhara karatA hai| AhAra dAna evaM auSadhi dAna meM diyA jAne vAlA AhAra evaM auSadhiyA~ prAsuka evaM zuddha honI cAhie ahiMsaka vidhi se taiyAra hoM maryAdita evaM bhakSya honI caahie| dAna ke ayogya dravya evaM sAmagrI kA varNana karate hue AcArya padmanaMdI ne likhA hai ki-"gAya, suvarNa, pRthvI, ratha, strI Adi kA dAna mahAn phala dene vAle nahIM hai kyoMki ve nizcaya se pApa utpanna karane vAle haiN| lekina dAtA jinAlaya ke nimitta se bhUmi Adi kA dAna kara sakatA hai kyoMki vaha dharma saMskRti kA kAraNa hai| 34 dAtA ke guNaH dAna kA utkRSTa phala prApta karane ke lie dAtA meM sAta vizeSa guNa hone caahie| inakA varNana karate hue AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM likhA hai ki-"zraddhA, zakti, bhakti, vijJAna, alubdhatA, kSamA, tyAga ye dAnapati arthAt dAna dene vAle ke sAta guNa kahalAte haiN| zraddhA Astikya buddhi ko kahate haiN| Astikya buddhi arthAt pAtra ke prati zraddhA ke na hone para anAdara ho sakatA hai| dAna dene meM Alasya nahIM karanA zakti guNa hai| pAtra ke guNoM meM Adara karanA bhakti hai| dAna dene Adi ke krama kA jJAna honA evaM pAtra-apAtra kI pahacAna honA vijJAna guNa hai| dAna dene kI zakti ko alubdhatA kahate haiN| sahanazIlatA honA kSamA guNa hai| uttama dravya dAna meM denA tyAga hai| jo dAtA ina sAta guNoM se sahita hokara evaM nidAna Adi doSoM se rahita hokara pAtroM ko dAna detA hai vaha mokSa prApta karane ke lie tatpara hotA hai|''35 dAna karate samaya dAtA ke mana meM pratyupakAra kI icchA nahIM honI cAhie na hI kisI

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 prakAra kA nidAna bA~dhanA caahie| dAna ke yogya pAtra evaM unakA dAna ke phala para prabhAvaH dAna ke phala kI prApti meM pAtra guNoM kA atizaya mahattva hai| jisake dvArA dAna grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| zAstroM meM uttama, madhyama jaghanya ke bheda se tIna prakAra ke pAtroM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| samyagdarzana evaM vrata-AcaraNa ke dvArA hI pAtra kI pAtratA nirdhArita hotI hai| vibhinna zAstroM meM pAtroM kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki-"jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyak tapa kI zuddhi se pavitra hai tathA zatru aura mitroM para mAdhyastha bhAva rakhate haiM aise sAdhu uttama pAtra kahalAte haiN| saMyamAsaMyama arthAt aNuvratoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle zrAvaka madhyama pAtra kahalAte haiN| avirata samyagdRSTi jaghanya pAtra kahalAte haiN| jo sthUla hiMsAdi pApoM se nivRtta haiM parantu mithyAtva se grasita haiM ve kupAtra haiN| jo mithyAdRSTi hone ke sAtha-sAtha hiMsAdi pApoM se bhI nivRtta nahIM hai, ve apAtra haiN| sAmAnyataH sabhI AcAra graMthoM meM pAtroM ke ukta bheda samAna rUpa se batalAye gaye haiN| lekina AcArya jinasena ne AdipurANa meM pAtroM kA varNana kucha bhinna prakAra se kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki-"jo mandakaSAyI mithyAdRSTi vrata-zIla Adi pAlana karatA hai, vaha jaghanya pAtra haiN| vrata-zIla Adi kI bhAvanA se rahita samyagdRSTi madhyama pAtra hai|" vratazIla Adi se sahita samyagdRSTi uttama pAtra hai| vrata-zIla rahita mithyAdRSTi apAtra hai| unhoMne pAtroM meM kupAtra kA varNana nahIM kiyA hai| mithyAdRSTi manuSya dAna ke prabhAva se evaM tiryaca dAna kI anumodanA ke prabhAva se bhogabhUmi ko prApta karate haiN| ve baddhAyuSka samyagdRSTi jinhoMne pUrva meM manuSyAyu bA~dha lI hai ve bhI pAtra dAna ke prabhAva se bhogabhUmi meM janma lete haiN| uttama pAtroM ko dAna dene se uttama bhogabhUmi kI prApti hotI hai| madhyama pAtroM ko dAna dene se madhyama bhogabhUmi meM janma prApta hotA hai| jaghanya pAtroM ko dAna dene ke jaghanya bhogabhUmi meM janma hotA hai| kupAtroM ko dAna dene ke kAraNa hI jIvoM ko bhogabhUmiyoM meM tiryaca banakara utpanna honA par3atA hai| kupAtra dAna ke prabhAva se jIvoM ko bhogabhUmiyoM meM tiryaMca banakara utpanna honA par3atA hai| kupAtra dAna ke prabhAva se jIvoM ko janma mleccha khaMDa ke manuSya ke rUpa meM hotA hai| AryakhaMDa meM dAsI, dAsa, hAthI, kuttA Adi bhogavaMta jIvoM ko prApta hone vAle bhoga bhI kupAtra dAna ke prabhAva se prApta hotI hai| AryakhaMNDa meM nIca jAti ke manuSyoM ko prApta hone vAle bhoga bhI kupAtra dAna ke prabhAva se prApta hote haiN| evaM samyagdRSTi satpAtroM ko dAna dene ke prabhAva se solaha svargoM meM janma lete haiN| kupAtra ko diyA gayA dAna dAtA ko kubhoga pradAna karatA hai| jisa prakAra kharAba bhUmi meM boyA bIja alpa phala detA hai| apAtra ko diyA yA dAna du:kha dene vAlA hai| jaise sarpa ke mukha meM par3A huA dUdha bhI viSa ho jAtA hai| ataH supAtroM ke lie hI dAna denA caahie|" zAstroM meM pAtroM ko hI dAna dene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| lekina jo kupAtra va apAtra dIna-du:khI haiM, rogI haiM, pIr3ita haiM kyA unakI sahAyatA karanI cAhie? eka samyagdRSTi jIva meM anukaMpA guNa rahatA hai jisa kAraNa vaha saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ke du:kha dUra karane

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 ke lie prayAsarata rahatA hai| isa hetu se kucha zAstroM meM ullekha milatA hai ki "kupAtrAyApyapAtraya dAnaM deyaM ythocitm| pAtrabuddhayA niSiddhaM syAnniSiddhaM na kRpaadhiyaa|" arthAt-kupAtra ke lie aura apAtra ke lie bhI yathA yogya dAna denA cAhie kyoMki kupAtra tathA apAtra ke lie kevala pAtra buddhi se dAna denA niSiddha hai, karuNA buddhi se dAna denA niSiddha nahIM hai| dAna evaM tyAga meM aMtaraH sthUla rUpa se dAna evaM tyAga meM koI aMtara dikhAI nahIM detA kyoMki donoM zabdoM se eka hI artha prakaTa hotA hai| donoM zabdoM kA prayoga chor3ane ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| lekina Agama kA sUkSmAvalokana karane para tyAga evaM dAna donoM meM kucha maulika aMtara bhI najara AtA hai| Agama meM tyAga kA lakSaNa batalAte hue AcArya kuMdakuMda ne likhA hai ki__ "NivvegatiyaM bhAvai mohaM caiUNa svvdvvesu| jo tassa haveccAgo idi bhaNidaM jinnvriNdehiN||" arthAt jinendra bhagavAna ne kahA hai ki, jo jIva sAre dravyoM ke moha chor3akara saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsInarUpa pariNAma rakhatA hai, usake tyAga dharma hotA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne tyAga dharma kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki- "vyutsarjanaM tyaagH|| arthAt vyutsarjana karanA vyutsarga hai, jisakA artha tyAga hotA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne vyavahAra tyAga dharma kI paribhASA dete hue likhA hai ki "saMyatasya yogyaM jJAnAdidAnaM tyaagH|" saMyata ke yogya jJAnAdi kA dAna karanA tyAga kahalAtA hai| akalaMkadeva ne bhI tyAga dharma ko parigraha tyAga ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA hai ___"parigrahasya cetanAcetana lakSaNasya nivRttistyAga iti nishciiyte|" arthAt sacetana aura acetana parigraha kI nivRtti ko tyAga kahate hai|" pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti TIkA meM bhI tyAga dharma kI paribhASA isI prakAra dI gayI hai| "nijazuddhAtma parigrahaM kRtvA baahyaabhyntr-prigrhnivRttistyaagH|" arthAt nija zuddhAtmA ko grahaNa karake bAhya aura abhyantara parigraha kI nivRtti tyAga hai| Agama meM tyAga dharma kA varNana donoM prakAra se milatA hai| jahA~ AcAryoM ne vyavahAra tyAga dharma kI vyAkhyA kI hai vahA~ tyAga evaM dAna meM ekarUpatA dikhAI detI hai| jahA~ nizcaya tyAga dharma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ tyAga kA svarUpa dAna se utkRSTa dikhAI detA hai| dAna evaM tyAga kI samIkSA karane para unake bIca kucha maulika aMtara bhI dikhAI dete haiM, jaise- dAna kI Avazyaka zarta hai ki jo dAna karatA hai utanA kama se kama dAtA ke pAsa avazya honA caahie| anyathA vaha kahA~ se de sakatA hai| para tyAga meM aisA nahIM hai| jo vastu hamAre pAsa nahIM hai usake moha ko chor3akara usakA bhI tyAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| dAna ke lie dAtA evaM pAtra donoM kA honA Avazyaka hai para tyAga karane ke lie isa

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64 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 bAta kI ciMtA nahIM kI jAtI hai ki ise kauna grahaNa kregaa| dAna meM sadaiva tyAga kI bhAvanA chupI rahatI hai para tyAga meM sadaiva dAna kA bhAva rahanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| dAna evaM tyAga meM bheda hote hue bhI mokSamArgI jIva ke lie donoM hI Avazyaka haiN| ina donoM kriyAoM kA phala paraMparA se mokSa rUpa hI dikhAI detA hai| isalie phala prApti kI apekSA dAna evaM tyAga donoM hI samAna rUpa se AtmA ke lie hitakArI haiM kyoMki ina donoM se hI moha samApta hotA hai aura jIva nirmohI banakara apane zuddha svarUpa ko prApta karatA hai| saMdarbha 1. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 2/4 2. AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, 7/8 3. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 6/12 4. AcArya vIrasena, dhavalA, 13/5,5,137 5. AcArya samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 117 6. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 6/24 7. AcArya guNabhadra, mahApurANa, 38/35 8. AcArya padmanaMdI, padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA, 248 9. paM. AzAdhara, sAgAra dharmAmRta, 2/40 10. AcArya kuMdakuMda, rayaNasAra, 11 11. AcArya padmanaMdI, pa. paM. 408, 465, 474 12. AcArya raviSeNa, padmapurANa, 17/6 13. AcArya jinasena, harivaMza purANa, sarga 10 zlo. 8 14. AcArya jinasena, harivaMza purANa, 9/116, 117 15. svAmikumAra, kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 34 16. AcArya sakalakIrti, praznottara zrAvakAcAra 20/100 17. AcArya sakalakIrti, praznottara zrAvakAcAra 20/101 18. AcArya padmanaMdI, pa. paM./227 19. AcArya padmanaMdI, pa. paM./229 20. AcArya pUjyapAda, iSTopadeza, 16 21. AcArya sakalakIrti, praznottara zrAvakAcAra 20/41 22. AcArya padmanaMdI, pa pa./206 23. AcArya padmanaMdI, pa. paM./236 24. kuralakAvya, 23/6 25. harivaMzapurANa, sarga 14-15 26, AcArya samantabhadra, ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra/116 27. AcArya jinasena, harivaMzapurANa, 9/201, 206 28. AcArya jinasena, yogazAstra, 2/48 29. AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, 7/39 30. AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 20/86 31. zrI nemicaMdrAcArya, trilokasAra, 924 32. kavi saMtalAla, siddhacakra vidhAna, maMgalAcaraNa 33. paM. AzAdhara, sAgAradharmAmRta, 11

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 34. AcArya padmanaMdI, padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA, 248, 249 35. AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 20/83-85 36. AcArya jinasena, harivaMzapurANa, 7/108-114 37. AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, 20/140-141 38. AcArya vasunandI, vasunandI zrAvakAcAra, 249-269 39. AcArya jinasena, harivaMza purANa, 7/116-111 40. paM. rAjamala, paMcAdhyAyI, 730 41. AcArya kuMdakuMda, vArasANuvekkhA , 78 42. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi 9/26/443 43. AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6/20 44. AcArya akalaMka, rAjavArtika, 9/6/18 45. AcArya jayasena, pravacanasAra kI tA. vR. TIkA, 229 - kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI-221001 (u.pra) mo. 09795373329 upajjadi saNNANaM jeNa uvAeNa tassuvAyassa / ciMtA havei boho accaMtaM dullahaM hodi|| 83 // vArasANuvekkhA arthAt jisa upAya (sAdhana) se samyagjJAna utpanna hotA hai, usake upAya ke lie jo ciMtA (vicAraNA) hotI hai vaha bodha (jJAna) atyanta durlabha hotA hai jaise cintAmaNi rtn| *****

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 zramaNa aura zramaNAbhAsa -- DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina zramaNasaMskRti meM AdikAla se hI zramaNa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| zramaNa zabda prAkRta bhASA ke 'samaNa' kA rUpAMtara hai "zrAmyati AtmAnaM tapobhiriti zramaNaH" arthAt jo tapoM se apanI AtmA ko zramayukta karatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai' yA "zrAmyati mokSamArge zramaM vidadhAtIti zramaNaH" isa vyutpatti kI anusAra jo mokSamArga meM zrama karatA hai vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai| yaha zabda 'zramu khede" dhAtu se lyuT pratyaya karane para kRdanta rUpa meM bhI banatA hai| jo saMpUrNa prANiyoM ke prati samatAbhAva rakhatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| mUlAcAra meM digambara sAdhu ko vividha nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, unameM prathama zabda hI hai samaNotti saMjadItti ya risi muNi sAdhutti viitraagiiti| NAmANi suvihidANaM aNagAra bhadaMta dNtotti| mUlAcAra888 arthAt zramaNa, RSi, muni sAdhu vItarAga,anagAra, bhadanta, dAnta aura yati ye samyak AcaraNa karane vAle sAdhuoM ke nAma haiN| zramaNa kA vyApaka vivecana mUlAcAra meM hai usI ke Azraya se yahA~ saMkSipta rUpa se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| nizcayanaya kI vivakSA se pratipAdita zramaNa svarUpa ke sAtha zramaNa kI kriyAoM ko garbhita kiyA gayA hai NissaMgo NirAraMbho bhikkhAcariyAe suddhabhAvo y| egAgI jhANarado savva guNaDDho have smnno||muulaacaar 1002 jo nisaMga antaraMga bahiraMga parigraha ke abhAva se mUrchA rahita, nirambha pApakriyAoM se nivRtta AhAra kI caryA meM zuddhabhAva sahita ekAkI dhyAna meM lIna hote haiM, ve zramaNa sarvaguNa saMpanna kahalAte haiN| ve kaSAyarahita hone ke kAraNa hI saMyata haiM jaise ki kahA bhI hai akasAyaM tu carittaM kasAyavasio asaMjado hodi| uvasamidi tamhikAle takkAle saMjado hodi|muulaacaar 982 akaSAyapane ko cAritra kahate haiN| kaSAya ke vaza hone vAlA asaMyata hai jisa kAla meM kaSAya nahIM karatA usI kAla meM saMyata hai| zramaNa jinendrAjJA kA satata pAlana karatA huA apane ko krodhAdi kaSAyoM se bacAye rakhatA hai| mUlAcAra ke tapa:zuddha prakaraNa meM AcArya likhate haiM paMcamahavvayadhArI paMcasu samidIsu saMjadA dhiiraa| paMciMdiyattha viradA paMcama gaI maggayA svnnaa||9/883

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 67 jo paMcamahAvratadhArI paMcasamitiyoM se saMyata, dhIra, paMcendriya viSayoM se virakta tathA paMcama gati ke anveSaka hote haiN| tapa-cAritra Adi kriyAoM meM anurakta pApoM kA zamana karane vAle hote haiN| saMyama, samiti, dhyAna evaM yogoM meM nitya hI pramAda rahita hote haiM ve zramaNa kahalAte pravacanasAra meM zramaNa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai samasattu baMdhuvaggo samasuhadukkho pasaMsaNiMda smo| samaloTThakaMcaNo puNa jIvidamaraNe samo smnno||3/21 / / jise zatru aura bandhu varga samAna hai, sukha-du:kha samAna hai, prazaMsA aura nindA meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, jise loSTha aura suvarNa samAna hai tathA jIvana maraNa ke prati samatA hai, vaha zramaNa hai| isI prakAra anya AcArya ne bhI likhA hai-sukha-duHkha meM jo samAna hai aura dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha zramaNa hai| AcArya vaTTakera zramaNa ko sAmAyika rUpa meM citrita karate haiM 'jisa kAraNa se apane aura para meM mAtA aura sarvamahilAoM meM, apriya aura priya tathA mAna-apamAna Adi meM samAna bhAva hotA hai|" isI kAraNa zramaNa haiM aura isI se ve sAmAyika haiN| yahA~ AcArya zramaNa kA svarUpa bhAva kI pradhAnatA se pratipAdita karate haiM ve zramaNoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate bhI haiM bhAvasamaNA hu samaNA Na sesa samaNANa suggaI jmhaa| jahiUNa duvihabhuvahiM bhAveNa susaMjado hoii|| mUlAcAra 1004 bhAvazramaNa hI zramaNa haiM kyoMki zramaNoM ko mokSa nahIM hotaa| isalie he zramaNa! do prakAra (antaraMga-bahiraMga) parigraha ko chor3akara bhAva se susaMyata hoo| AcAryoM ne zramaNoM ke ratnatraya kI hI prazaMsA kI hai kyoMki zramaNa kA dravyaliMga hI mokSamArga nahIM hai apitu usa liMga/ zarIra ke AdhAra se rahane vAlA jo ratnatraya hai, usI se mokSa prApta hotA hai| ataH zramaNa bhAvasahita usa dravyaliMga ko svIkAra kara usake mAdhyama se abheda ratnatraya ko prApta kara usameM sthiratA prApti ke lie satata prayAsarata rahate haiN| sAtha meM arhadAdi kI bhakti, jJAniyoM meM vAtsalya, anya zramaNoM ko vandana, abhyutthAna, anugamana va vaiyAvRtya karanA prAsuka AhAra evaM vihAra utsargasamiti pUrvaka nihAra Adi kriyA, tattvavicAra, dharmopadeza, parva ke dinoM meM vizeSa upavAsa cAturmAsayoga zironati va Avarta Adi kRtikarma sahita pratidina deva vandanA, AcAryavandanA, svAdhyAya, rAtriyogadhAraNa, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna Adi zubhopayogI kriyAyeM vyavahAra mokSamArga ko prazasta karate hue zramaNa karate haiN| nizcaya-vyavahAra ratnatraya rUpa mokSamArga para calane vAle hI paripUrNa zramaNa hote haiM paripUrNa zramaNa ke svarUpa ko batalAte hue AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM caradi Nibaddho NiccaM samaNo NAmmi dNsnnmuhmmi| payado mUlaguNesu ya jo so paDipaNNaM saamnnnno|| pravacanasAra 214 jo zramaNa sadA jJAna aura darzanAdi meM pratibaddha tathA mUlaguNoM meM prayatnazIla vicaraNa karatA hai, vaha paripUrNa zrAmaNyavAn hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 zramaNa kA liMga jinaliMga kahA jAtA hai vaha doSa rahita hotA hai| usameM pUrNatayA acAnaka vRtti hotI hai| bhAvoM kI zuddhi kI pradhAnatA hotI hai jaisA ki bhAvaprAbhRta meM bhI kahA hai "jisameM pAMca prakAra ke vastroM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, pRthvI para zayana kiyA jAtA hai, do prakAra kA saMyama dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, bhikSA bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, bhAva kI pahale bhAvanA kI jAtI hai tathA zuddha nirdoSa pravRtti kI jAtI hai, vahI jinaliMga nirmala kahA jAtA mUlAcAra meM dIkSA yogya pAtra tathA usakI dIkSA vidhi Adi kA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai kintu kahA gayA hai ki yadi zramaNa kI caryA yatnAcAra pUrvaka hotI hai, to vaha nirdoSa mAnI gayI hai| isIlie mUlAcAra meM sAdhu kI pravRtti ke saMdarbha meM AcArya ne prazna kiyA hai aura svayaM samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai| kadhaM care kadhaM ciTThe kadhamAse kadhaM sye| kadhaM bhujejja bhAsijja kadhaM pAvaM Na bjjhdi|| mUlAcAra 1014 zramaNa ko jisa prakAra se pravRtti karanA cAhie? kaise khar3e honA cAhie? kaise baiThanA cAhie? kaisA sonA cAhie? kaise bhojana karanA cAhie? kaise bolanA cAhie? jisase pApa kA baMdha na ho| isI prazna ke uttara meM Age kahA hai jadaM care jadaM ciTThe jadamAse jadaM sye| jadaM bhuMjejja bhAsejja jado pAvaM Na vjjhii| mUlAcAra 1015 jadaM tu caramANassa dayApekkhissa bhikkhunno| NavaM Na bajjhade kammaM porANaM ca vidhuuydi|| mUlAcAra 1016 yatna se IryApatha zuddhipUrvaka gamana karanA caahie| yatna se khar3e honA caahie| yatna se sAvadhAnI pUrvaka jIvoM ko bAdhA na dete hue unheM picchikA se haTAkara padmAsana se baiThanA caahie| sote samaya bhI yatna se saMstara kA saMzodhana karake arthAt caTAI phalaka Adi ko ulaTa -palaTa kara dekhakara rAtri meM gAtra saMkucita karake sonA caahie| yala se bhASA samiti se bolanA caahie| isa prakAra kI pravRtti se pApa bandha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki jo zramaNa yatnAcAra se pravRtti karatA hai, dayA bhAva se satata prANiyoM kA avalokana karatA hai, usake navIna karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai aura purAne karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| isI prasaMga meM aura bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jo "jo muni dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura saMhanana kI apekSA karake cAritra meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha krama se vadha-hiMsA se rahita ho jAtA hai|' zramaNa samitiyoM kA pAlana karate hue vihAra karate haiM jo jIvoM se bhare hue saMsAra meM bhI hiMsAdi pApoM se lipta nahIM hotA hai vaha jIva jantu bhare rahane para bhI apane devavaMdanA, AhAra Adi kArya samiti sahita hI karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai zramaNa hiMsAdi pApoM se baMdha te nahIM haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ki patra ke sneha guNasahita hone para bhI usameM pAnI nahIM rukatA hai usI prakAra zramaNa bhI devavandanAdi kArya karate hue jIvoM meM viharane para bhI samiti sahita hone ke kAraNa pApoM se alpita rahate haiN| jisane lohe kA dRr3ha kavaca pahanA hai, aisA

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69 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 yoddhA bANa-tomana Adi tIkSNa zastroM se siddha nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra AhAra, guruvaMdanA Adi kAryoM meM tatpara muni samiti sahita vihAra karane ke kAraNa pApa lipta nahIM hote haiN| zramaNa kI pravRtti meM yatnAcAra kI pradhAnatA unake satata sAvadhAnatA ko nirUpita karatI hai| vartamAna meM kucha sAdhuoM dvArA ukta kathana kA bhI ullaMghana kiyA jA rahA hai| ve pramAda ke vazIbhUta hokara apanI kriyAoM ke prati upekSA karate haiM, jisake kAraNa pApa baMdha ko bhI prApta hote haiM, jo kriyAoM meM sAvadhAna haiN| ve bhAvaliMgI zramaNa mokSamArga ko prazasta kara rahe haiN| __ bhAvaliMga zUnya dravyaliMga mAtra se kalyANa hone vAlA nahIM hai kyoMki mokSamArga meM sabhI ko svIkAra na karake jinheM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, unake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki NiggaMtha mohamukkA vAvAhaparisahA jiyksaayaa| pAvAraMbha vimukkA te gahIyA mokkhmggmmi|| 80 // mokSapAhur3a jo parigraha se rahita haiM, putra-mitra-strI Adi ke sneha se rahita haiN|22 parISahoM ko sahana karane vAle haiN| kaSAyoM ko jItane vAle haiM tathA pApa aura AraMbha se dUra haiN| ve mokSamArga meM aMgIkRta haiN| zramaNa jIvana laukika vyavahAroM se pare hotA hai kintu unakI AhAra caryA, vaiyAvRtya Adi kArya gRhasthoM ke binA nahIM sdhte| ataH zramaNoM ko gRhasthoM ke sAtha apanI maryAdAoM ke antargata saMparka Avazyaka hotA kintu isakA yaha artha bilkula nahIM hai ki gRhasthoM ke sAtha unake AvAsoM para rAtri vizrAma kiyA jAya yA unase dhana Adi lene ke lie unheM maMtra Adi dekara saMtuSTa kiyA jaay| zramaNa ko gRhasthoM se adhika paricaya nahIM bar3hAnA cAhie aura unakI vinaya Adi bhI nahIM karanA caahie| AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA bhI hai___No vaMdijja aviradaM mAdA pidu guru NariMda aNNatitthaM v| desaviradaM devaM vA virado pAsatthapaNagaM vaa|| 594 // mUlAcAra asaMyatajana, mAtA-pitA, asaMyataguru, rAjA, anyatIrtha yA dezavirata zrAvaka, yakSAdi deva tathA pArzvasthAdi pAMca prakAra ke pApazramaNoM ko virakta sAdhu ko vandanA nahIM karane kA vidha na hai| zramaNa gRhastha kA abhinaMdana, vandana, vaiyAvRtya Adi kabhI nahIM karate haiN| isa kalikAla ne aisA dekhane para majabUra kara diyA hai ki koI sAdhu netAoM yA dhanavAnoM ke gale meM motiyoM kI mAlA svayaM pahanA rahe haiN| tilaka lagA rahe haiM, kalAvA Adi bAMdhakara satkAra kara rahe haiM, svayaM padmAvatI kSetrapAla Adi kI ArAdhanA kara rahe haiM, karA rahe haiM jo zramaNacaryA ke viruddha hai| Agama meM laukika janoM kI saMgati chor3ane kA upadeza hai kyoMki unakI saMgati se vAcAlatA AtI hai durbhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| zramaNa zrAvaka ke ghara AhArArtha avazya jAte haiM kintu AhAra ke bAda pArivArika carcA meM nahIM baiThate haiN| inake dvArA isa kAla meM ekalavihAra varjita hai| adhika zubha kriyAeM vartanA yogya nahIM, maMtra siddhi, zAstra, aMjana, sarpa Adi kI siddhi karanA tathA inhIM kAryoM se apanI AjIvikA calAnA

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70 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 durjana, laukika jana, taruNajana, strI, puMzcalI, napuMsaka, pazu Adi kI saMgati karanA niSiddha mUlAcAra meM zramaNa ke dasa sthitikalpoM kA vivecana prApta hotA hai accelakkudesiyasejjAhararAryApeMDa kidiymm| vada jeTTha paDikkamaNaM mAsaM pajjo smnnkppo||9|| Acelakya, uddezika, zyAtara (zaiyAgRha) piMDatyAga, rAjapiMDatyAga, kRtikarma vratajyeSTha, pratikramaNa mAsa tathA paryA (pa!SaNa) ye dasa kalpa haiN| zramaNoM ko inakA pAlana karate hue saMyama mArga meM pravRtta rahanA cAhie tathA jisa saMgha meM AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira aura gaNadhara ye pAMca na hoM usameM zramaNa ko nahIM rahanA caahie| mUlAcAra meM zramaNa dvArA zramaNoM ke vaiyAvRtya kA bhI vidhAna hai| mUlAcAra meM zarIra saMskAra kA pUrNa niSedha hai| putra, strI Adi meM jinhoMne premarUpI bandha na kATa diyA hai aura jo apane bhI zarIra meM mamatA rahita haiM, aise sAdhu zarIra meM kucha bhI saMskAra nahIM karate haiN| mukha, netra aura dAMto kA dhonA, zodhanA, pakhAranA, ubaTana karanA, paira dhonA, aMgamardana karanA, muTThI se zarIra kA tAr3ana karanA, kATha ke yantra se zarIra kA piidd'naa| ye saba zarIra ke saMskAra haiN| dhUpa se zarIra kA saMskAra karanA, kaNTha zuddhi ke lie vamana karanA, auSadha Adi se dasta lenA, aMjana lagAnA, sugaMdha tela mardana karanA, candana kastUrI kA lepa karanA, salAI battI Adi se nAsikAkarma va vastikarma (zleSma) krnaa| nasoM se lohI kA nikAlanA ye saba saMskAra apane zarIra meM sAdhujana nahIM krte| (836 se 838 taka) zramaNa ke Thaharane yogya sthAna para vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai- jina sthAnoM yA kSetroM meM kaSAya kI utpatti, Adara kA abhAva, indriya viSayoM kI adhikatA, striyoM kA bAhulya, du:khoM aura upasargoM kA bAhulya ho aise kSetroM kA zramaNa tyAga kare arthAt aise sthAnoM meM nahIM ThaharanA caahie| gAya Adi tiryaMcanI, kuzIla strI, bhavanavAsI vyantara Adi savikAriNI deviyAM, asaMyamI gRhastha ina saba ke nivAsoM para apramatta zramaNa zayana karane, Thaharane yA khar3e hone Adi ke nimitta sarvathA tyAjya samajhate haiN| jo kSetra rAjA vihIna ho yA jahA~ kA rAjA duSTa ho, jahA~ koI pravrajyA na letA ho jahAM sadA saMyama ghAta kI saMbhAvanA banI rahatI ho aise kSetroM kA zramaNa hamezA parityAga karate haiM113 kintu dhIra vairAgya saMyukta sAdhu parvata kA guphA, zmazAna, zUnya makAna, vRkSa kA mUla, jinamandira, dharmazAlA Adi kSetroM kA Azraya lete haiM isa taraha ke vairAgya vardhaka kSetroM meM rahane se sAdhuoM ke cAritra kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate haiN| mUlaguNoM ke prakAza meM zramaNa kI AvayakatAeM sImita hotI haiN| ve jIvarakSA ke nimitta eka picchikA rakhate haiN| zauca ke nimitta kamaNDalu rakhate haiN| mUlAcAra meM zramaNa kI tIna upadhiyA~ batAI gaI haiM-jJAnopadhi (pustakAdi), saMyamopadhi (picchakAdi), zaucopadhi (kmnnddlu)4| varSAvAsa ke cAra mAha chor3akara niraMtara bhramaNa karate rahate haiN| samasta parigraha se rahita sAdhu vAyu kI taraha ni:saMga hokara kucha bhI cAha na rakhakara pRthvI para vihAra karate haiN| chayAlIsa doSa bacAkara bhojana

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71 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 grahaNa karate haiN| piNDazuddhi adhikAra meM batAyA gayA hai ki bhakti pUrvaka diye gaye, zarIra yogya prAsuka, navakoTi vizuddha eSaNA samiti se zuddha, dasa doSoM, caudaha maloM se rahita bhojana kA dravya kSetra kAla, bhAva ko jAnakara grahaNa karate haiM / zramaNoM ke dainika jIvana meM sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, kAyotsarga ina SaDAvazyakoM kA vizeSa sthAna hotA hai| zramaNoM kA mUla uddezya vibhAva se haTakara svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA yA parabhAva se haTakara svabhAva meM aanaa| ye pradarzana na kara Atmadarzana karate haiN| bAhya zauca kI apekSA AdhyAtmika zuddhi kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhate haiN| AdhyAtmika vikAsa krama (guNasthAna kI apekSA) chaThA sAtavAM sthAna hai| zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA se na svayaM hiMsA karatA hai, na dUsaroM ko karane ke lie hI utprerita karatA hai, na hiMsA kI anumodanA karatA hai| jisa zramaNa ke AcAra meM nirmalatA hai, vahI zramaNa vijJa hai aura vahI AcAra kA sahI rUpa se pAlana karatA hai| tRSNA mukta sAdhaka zreSTha hotA hai kyoMki tRSNA AkAza kI taraha ananta hai vaha kabhI pUrNa nahIM hotI isalie sAdhu ko tRSNA se mukta rahanA hI caahie| bAlAgra bhI parigraha saMcaya sAdhu nahIM krte| hastAMjuli hI unakA bhojana pAtra hai| AhAra hI dina meM eka bAra khar3e hokara prAsuka evaM zrAvaka dvArA diyA huA hI grahaNa karate haiN| aisI caryA digambara sAdhu kI hotI hai| saMyamI jIvana meM kaI bAra anukUla parISaha bhI A jAte haiM, usa samaya sAdhaka kI skhalanA kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai kintu jo zramaNa sAvadhAna rahate haiM, vahI mokSamArga para bar3hate haiN| zramaNoM kI sAdhanA paddhati meM tyAga kA uccatama Adarza, ahiMsA kA sUkSmatama pAlana, vyaktitva kA pUrNa vikAsa, saMyama yA tapa kI parAkASThA pAyI jAtI hai| pravacanasAra meM zubhopayogI aura zuddhopayogI zramaNa ke do bheda batalAye haiM kintu mUlAcAra meM ina bhedoM kI carcA nahIM hai| nayacakra meM sarAga aura vItarAga zramaNoM kI carcA hai tattvArthasUtra sarvArthasiddhi, tattvArthavArtika Adi graMthoM meM pulakAdi bhedoM kA kathana hai kintu mUlAcAra meM nikSepa kI dRSTi se zramaNa ke bhedoM ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| yathA jaise nAma se zramaNa hote haiM, vaise hI sthApanA se, dravya se tathA bhAva se hote haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa svarUpa, zramaNa mAhAtmya aura zramaNa ke bhedoM ko batAyA gayA aba jo zramaNa na hokara zramaNa jaise bhAsita hote haiM una para vicAra kiyA jA rahA hai| zramaNAbhAsa aura zramaNAbhAsI jo ayayArtha sAdhu haiM, ve zramaNAbhAsI kahe jaayeNge| saMyata japa se, tapa se yukta hone para bhI jinAjJA kA pAlana yA zraddhAna na karane vAle zramaNa na hokara zramaNAbhAsI haiM jaisA ki kahA gayA hai Na havadi samaNotti mado saMjama tavasutta saMpajutto vi| jadi saddahadi Na atthe AdapadhANe jinnkkhaade|| pravacanasAra 264 jo jinendra kathita jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna nahIM karatA hai, vaha saMyama, tapa tathA Agama rUpa saMpatti se yukta hone para bhI zramaNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| vaha zramaNAbhAsa hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 zramaNa AhAra Adi kI zuddhi hamezA rakhate haiN| parimArjana pUrvaka hI zAstra kamaNDalu Adi ko grahaNa karate haiM aura rakhate haiM kyoMki Thaharane meM, calane meM grahaNa karane meM, sone meM, baiThane meM sAdhu pratilekhana se pratyanta pUrvaka parimArjana karate haiN| yaha unake apane pakSa kA cihna hai / jo apane pakSa ke cihnoM yA kAryoM ke prati niraMtara sAvadhAna haiM, vahI zramaNa kahe jAte haiM kintu jo zramaNa ke dvArA kArya karane yogya na hoM una kAryoM ko karatA hai vaha zramaNAbhAsa hai| zramaNAbhAsI munipane se hIna hote haiM, unake viSaya meM kahA bhI hai piDIvadhisejjAo avisodhiya jo ya bhaMjade smnno| mUlaTThANaM patte bhuvaNesu have smnnpollo|| 918 // mUlAcAra jo zramaNa AhAra, upakaraNa aura vasatikA kA binA zodhana kiye hI grahaNa karate haiM, ve mUlasthAna prAyazcita ko prApta hote haiM aura saMsAra meM munipane se hIna hote haiN| __ hInacAritra vAle kA tapa saMyama saba vyartha hai| mUla kA ghAta karake bAhya yoga ko grahaNa karanA bhI nirarthaka hai| aprAsuka vastuoM ke sevana meM sukha kA icchuka mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hai| kucha gRhastha sAdhuoM ko phrija kA ThaNDA pAnI aura barpha tathA Ino Adi abhakSya padArthoM ke saMyoga se bhojana sAmagrI taiyAra kara AhAra karAte haiM aura unake dvArA jIvarAzi ke ghAtapUrvaka AhAra grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai to unake viSaya meM mUlAcAra meM kahA hai-siMha athavA byAghra eka yA do yA tIna mRga ko khAve to hiMsra hai aura yadi sAdhu jIvarAzi kA ghAta karake AhAra leve to vaha nIca hai| doSa yukta AhAra lene vAle kI saMpUrNa kriyAeM nirarthaka hai| vaha zramaNapane se bhI bAhya hai| pravacanasAra kI gAthA 260 kI TIkA meM kahA hai-"AgamajJo'pi-zramaNAbhAsI bhavati" arthAt itanA kucha hone para bhI vaha zramaNAbhAsa hai| AtmA ko paradravyoM kA karttA dekhane vAle bhale hoM, lokottara hoM zramaNa hoM, para ve laukikapane kA ullaMghana nahIM karate arthAt unheM laukika jAnanA chie| inhIM ko pApazramaNa saMjJA dI gaI hai arthAt jo zramaNa sAdhanA nahIM kara sakatA, vaha pApazramaNa hai| jo ziSya na hokara AcArya bana baiThA hai, jo svecchAcArI hai, svachandatA se vihAra karate haiM jisane pUrvApara viveka ko chor3a diyA hai| aise DhuMDAcArya ko pApazramaNa kahA jAtA hai| aura bhI kahA hai AyikulaM muccA viharadi samaNo ya jo du egaagii| Na ya geNhadi upadesaM pAvassamaNotti vuccadi du|| 961 // mUlAcAra jo zramaNa AcArya saMgha ko chor3akara ekAkI vihAra karatA hai aura upadeza ko grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha pApa zramaNa hai| isa prakAra ke muniyoM ko sevana nahIM karanA caahie| aisA zramaNa matavAle hAthI ke samAna aMkuza rahita hotA hai| jaisA ki mUlAcArakAra kahate bhI haiMjo sAdhu krodhI, caMcala, AlasI, cugalakhora hai evaM gArava aura kaSAya kI bahulatA vAlA hai, vaha zramaNa Azraya lene yogya nahIM hai| sucAritravAn sAdhu vaiyAvRtya se hIna, vinaya se hIna, khoTe zAstra se yukta kuzIla tathA vairAgyahIna zramaNa kA Azraya na leveN| mAyAyukta, anya kA niMdaka paizUnyakAraka pApasUtroM ke anurupa pravRtti karane vAlA aura AraMbha sahita zramaNa cirakAla se dIkSita kyoM na ho to bhI usakI upAsanA nahIM karanA cAhie (mUlAcAra 957

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 73 se 959) jo pahale ziSyatva na grahaNa karake AcArya hone kI jaldI karatA hai, vaha DhoMDhAcArya hai ina sadoSa zramaNoM ke mUlAcAra meM pAMca bheda batalAye haiM- pArzvastha, kuzIla, saMsakta, avasanna, mRgcritr| ye samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM ayukta tathA dharmAdi meM harSa rahita hote haiN| ye pArzvastha Adi pAMcoM prakAra ke zramaNa AcaraNahIna hone ke kAraNa zramaNAbhAsI haiM aura avaMdya haiM jaisA ki mUlAcAra meM kahA hai dasaNANacaritte tavaviNae NiccakAlaM paastthaa| ede avadyaNijjA chiddappehI gunndhaary| mUlAcAra 97 chidraprekSiNaH sarvakAlaM guNadhAraNaM ca chidrAnveSiNaH saMyatajanasya doSAdbhAvino yatiH na vaMdanIyA ete'nye c| ye pArzvastha Adi sAdhu darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa kI vinaya se hamezA dUra rahate haiN| isalie ye vaMdanIya nahIM haiN| ye hamezA guNadharoM ke chidroM ko dekhane vAle haiM- saMyata janoM ke doSoM ko pragaTa karane vAle haiM isIlie ye avaMdya haiM tathA inase atirikta anya pAkhaNDI sAdhu bhI vaMdanA ke yogya nahIM haiN| zramaNAbhAsI sAdhu tIrthakaroM ke kAla meM bhI hote the aura isa paMcama kAla meM to inakI bahulatA hai| pAMcoM prakAra ke zramaNAbhAsa yatra tatra vicaraNa karate hue pAye hI jAte haiM, unhIM ke viSaya meM vivecana prastuta haipArzvastha saMyata ke guNoM ke pArzva meM sthita rahane vAle zramaNa pArzvastha kahalAtA hai arthAt aticAra rahita saMyama mArga kA svarUpa jAnakara bhI usameM pravRtti nahIM karate parantu saMyama mArga ke samIpa hI rahate haiN| isa taraha ekAnta rUpa se jo asaMyamI nahIM hai kintu niraticAra saMyama kA pAlana nahIM karane vAle zramaNa pArzvastha haiN| mUlAcAra meM spaSTa kahA hai ki jo vasatikAoM meM Asakta haiM, upakaraNoM ko banAte haiM, muniyoM ke mArga kA dUsare se Azraya karate haiM, ve pArzvastha kahalAte haiN| inameM moha, Asakti aura saMgraha kI pravRtti adhika hotI hai| niSiddha sthAnoM meM AhAra lete haiN| hamezA eka hI vasatikA meM rahate haiN| eka hI saMstara para zayana karate haiN| gRhasthoM ke ghara meM baiThaka banAte haiM arthAt koThiyoM meM jAkara Thaharate haiN| gRhasthopakaraNoM se apanI zaucAdi kriyA karate haiM, jisakA zodhana azakya hai| jo phlasa kA prayoga karegA, vaha zaucasthAna kA zodhana kaise kara sakatA hai? vartamAna meM mahAnagaroM meM jo muni koThiyoM meM Thaharate haiM, phlasa kA prayoga karate haiM unake pratiSThApanA samiti kA bhI pAlana nahIM hotA hai| mUlAcAra kI dRSTi se vaha ayathArtha pArzvastha Adi muniyoM kI koTi meM hI aayeNge| nirgranthapane meM eka sthAna kA satata vAsa sarvathA bAdhaka hai| ataH jo sAdha oM ke dvArA apane sarvasuvidhAyukta nivAsa banavAne kI pravRtti cala rahI hai vaha jinamata se bAhya hai| isa pravRtti ke pArzvastha Adi muniyoM kI kyA dazA hotI hai ? isa viSaya meM AcArya zivArya likhate haiM "jaise viSaile kAToM se biMdhe hue manuSya aTavI meM akele par3e hue duHkha pAte haiM, vaise hI mithyAtva, mAyA aura nidAna zalya rUpI kAMToM se biMdhe hue ve pArzvastha muni du:kha pAte haiN| ye saMgha kA mArga tyAgakara aise logoM ke pAsa jAte haiM jo cAritra

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 se bhraSTa hote haiN|" indriya, kaSAya aura viSayoM ke kAraNa rAga-dveSa pariNAmoM aura krodhAdi pariNAmoM ke tIvra hone se cAritra ko tRNa sadRza mAnate haiN| AcArya baTTakara ke samaya bhI pArzvastha sAdhuoM kA bAhulya thaa| mUlAcAra ke samayasAra adhikAra meM unhoMne kahA hai ki varaM gaNaM pavesAdo vivAhassa pvesnnN| vivAhe rAgauppatti gaNo dosaannmaagaaro||12|| gaNa meM praveza karane se vivAha kara lenA uttama hai| vivAha meM roga kI utpatti hotI hai aura gaNa doSoM kA Akara hai| TIkAkAra vasunandi isI prasaMga meM likhate haiM ki yati anta samaya meM gaNa meM rahatA hai to ziSya vagairaha ke mohavaza pArzvastha sAdhuoM ke saMparka meM hogA isase to vivAha karanA zreSTha hai kyoMki gaNa saba doSoM kA Akara hai| yahA~ pArzvastha sAdhu ko sabase adhika nindya mAnA gayA hai| vartamAna meM isa zreNI vAle bhI dekhane ko mila rahe haiM jo atyadhika ciMtA kA viSaya hai| kuzIla kutsita AcaraNa yukta svabhAva vAle zramaNa kuzIla kahalAte haiN| ye sAdhu saMgha se dUra hokara kuzIla pratisevanA rUpa vana meM unmArga se daur3ate hue AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha saMjJA rUpa nadI meM girakara kaSTa rUpI pravAha meM par3akara DUba jAte haiN| pahale ve uttaraguNa chor3ate haiM phira mUlaguNa aura samyaktva se bhI bhraSTa hokara saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate haiN| kuzIla saMbandhI doSoM kI pravRtti meM pravRtta rahate haiM, indriya viSaya evaM kaSAya ke tIvra pariNAmoM se yukta hote haiM tathA vrata, guNa zIla, cAritra kI paravAha na kara apayaza phailAte haiN| isa pravRtti ke sAdhuoM se jainadharma kI aprabhAvanA ho rahI hai| vartamAna jo zIla meM doSa lagA rahe haiM, unheM kuzIlamuni hI kahA jaayegaa| bar3I viDambanA hai ki cAritra bhraSTa hone vAle sAdhuoM ko bhI samAja bahumAna detI rahatI hai| isase isa pravRtti vAloM para aMkuza nahIM laga sakatA saMsakta jo asaMyata ke guNoM meM atizaya Asakta rahate haiM vaha saMyakta haiN| ve AhAra Adi kI lampaTatA se vaidyaka, maMtra jyotiSI Adi dvArA apanI kuzalatA dikhAne meM lage rahate haiM, rAjAdikoM kI sevA karane meM tatpara rahate haiN| aise zramaNa cAritrapriya muni ke sahavAsa se cAritrapriya aura cAritra apriya muni ke sahavAsa se cAritra apriya banate haiM naTa ke samAna inakA AcaraNa rahatA hai ye saMsakta muni indriyoM ke viSaya meM Asakta rahate haiN| tathA tIna prakAra ke gAravoM meM Asakta hote haiN| strI ke viSaya meM inake pariNAma saMkleza yukta hote haiN| gRhasthoM para inakA vizeSa prema hotA hai| ina saMsakta muniyoM jaisA AcaraNa jinakA cala rahA hai, unase munidharma kI hAni to ho hI rahI hai| zrAvaka bhI bahuta chale jA rahe haiM, zrAvakoM ke lie jAnakara aise AcaraNa vAloM se bacanA hI zreyaskara hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 avasanna samyagdarzanAdika jinake vinaSTa ho gaye haiM, jinavacanoM ko na jAnakara cAritrAdi se bhraSTa teraha kriyAoM ko karane meM AlasI tathA mana se sAMsArika sukha cAhane vAle zramaNa avasanna kahalAte haiN| jaise kIcar3a meM phaMse hue mArga se bhraSTa pathika bhAva avasanna haiM vaise hI azuddha cAritrayukta saMyatamArga se bhramita zramaNa avasanna haiM bhagavatI ArAdhanAkAra kA kahanA hai ki indriya aura kaSAyarUpa tIvra pariNAma hone se sukha pUrvaka samAdhi meM lagA jo sAdhu paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti,- trigupti rUpa kriyAoM ko AlasI hokara karane lagatA hai, vaha avasanna yA avasaMjJa kahalAtA hai| teraha prakAra ke cAritra se bhraSTa sAdhuoM dvArA dharma kI prabhAvanA huI hai aura ho rahI hai| mahAnagaroM kI sukha suvidhAoM ne samitiyoM se nAtA tur3avA diyA hai| rAtri meM bolane aura Adhunika upakaraNoM ne guptiyoM kA pAlana bhI chur3A diyA hai| cAritrabhraSTa sAdhuoM kI kriyA zAstrAbhyAsI kucha sAdhuoM kA ukta AcaraNa dekhakara saMkleSita hote haiN| dharma kI aprabhAvanA hotI hai| ata: teraha prakAra kA cAritra pratyeka sAdhu ko satata pAlane karate rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| mRgacaritra___mRga-pazu ke samAna jinakA AcaraNa hai, ve mRgacaritra kahalAte haiN| ye muni AcArya ke upadeza/Adeza ko svIkAra na karake svacchanda aura ekAkI vicaraNa karate haiN| jina vacanoM meM dUSaNa lagAkara tapa:sUtroM ke prati avinIta aura dhRti se rahita ho jAte haiM ye jinasUtra meM dUSaNa lagAte haiM pUrvAcAryoM ke vAkyoM ko na mAnakara apanI icchAnusAra artha kI kalpanA karate haiM-kaiMcI se keza nikAlanA hI yogya hai aisA kahate haiN| kezaloMca karane se AtmavirAdhanA hotI hai| sacitta tRNa para baiThane para bhI mUlaguNa pAlA jAtA hai| uddezAdika doSa sahita bhojana karane meM doSa nahIM hai| grAma meM AhAra karane jAne se jIva virAdhanA hotI hai| ata: apanI preraNA se banavAyI gaI Azrama rUpa vasatikA meM hI bhojana karanA caahie| isa prakAra utsUtra bhASaNa karane vAle mRgacAritrI jo zramaNa haiM ve zramaNAbhAsa haiN| dIkSA lekara saMgha turanta chor3akara akele svacchanda vicaraNa meM jinheM saMkoca nahIM hai| ve svacchanda vicaraNa karane vAle nija-para hAni karate haiN| bhraSTa muni dUsare se hI sAdhu mArga kA tyAga karake unmArga meM pravRtta rahate haiM tathA Agama meM kahe hue kuzIla nAmaka muni ke doSoM kA AcaraNa karate haiN| indriya ke viSayoM tathA kaSAya ke tIvra kAryoM meM tatpara hue ve muni cAritra ko tRNavat samajhate hue nirlajja hokara kuzIla kA sevana karate haiN| jo muni sAdhu mArga kA tyAga kara svataMtra huA hai, jo svecchAcArI banakara Agamaviruddha aura pUrvAcAryoM ke dvArA na kahe hue AcAroM kI kalpanA karatA hai use svacchanda nAmaka bhraSTa muni samajhanA caahie| (bhagavatI 1306-1317) cAritrahIna muni lakSAvadhi muni hoM to bhI eka suzIla muni unase zreSTha hai| kAraNa ki suzIla muni ke Azraya se zIla darzana, jJAna aura cAritra bar3hate haiN| (bhagavatI 354-359) AcaraNahIna ko aneka niMdanIya nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA mithyAdRSTi, svacchaMda, dravyaliMgI, pApazramaNa, naTa, pApajIva, tiryaMcayoni, nArada, laukika, abhavya, rAjavallabha Adi niMdanIya nAma diye gaye haiN|

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 ina pA~ca taraha ke bhraSTa muniyoM kI jinezvaroM ne Agama meM niMdA kI hai| ye pAMcoM indriya va kaSAya ke gurutva se siddhAntAnusAra AcaraNa karane vAle muniyoM ke pratipakSI" haiN| ye pAMcoM hI jinadharma bAhya haiN| inako mUlaccheda nAma kA prAyazcitta bhI diyA jAtA hai| 76 ukta pArzvasthAdi muniyoM ke svarUpa ko zAstroM meM jAnakara unhIM jaise pravRtti jinake dvArA kI jA rahI hai unake viSaya meM yaha kathana saTIka hai- jo manuSya yaha jAnate hue bhI ki agni meM hAtha dene se hAtha jala jaayegaa| agni meM hAtha detA hai to usakA jAnanA na jAnanA samAna hai| yadi jJAna ke anukUla manuSya kA AcaraNa nahIM hotA hai to vaha jJAna vyartha hai| yahI AcArya amRcandra ne kahA hai- "yathA pradIpasahitapuruSaH svakIyapauruSavelena kUpapatanAdi na nivartate tadA tasya zraddhAnaM pradIpo dRSTirvA kiM karoti na kimapi tathAyaM jIvaH zraddhAnajJAnasahito'pi pauruSasthAnIya caritrabalena rAgAdivikalparUpAdasaMyamAdyadi na nivartate tadA tasya zraddhAnaM jJAnaM vA kiM kuryAnna kimapIti / " jaise dIpaka ko rakhane vAlA puruSa apane puruSArtha ke bala se kUpapatana se yadi nahIM bacatA hai to usakA zraddhAna dIpaka va dRSTi kucha bhI kAryakArI nahIM huI, vaise hI jo manuSya zraddhAna, jJAna sahita bhI hai parantu pauruSa ke samAna cAritra ke bala se rAgadveSAdi vikalparUpa asaMyamabhAva se yadi apane ko nahIM haTAtA hai to zraddhAna tathA jJAna usakA kyA hita kara sakate haiM? arthAt kucha hita nahIM kara sakate haiN| anta meM yahI kahanA apekSita samajhatA hU~ ki cAritrahIna zramaNa Atma hita aura parahita vighAtaka hotA hai| samAja cAritrahIna zramaNAbhAsI sAdhuoM ke prati sajaga hokara kArya kare jisase dharma aura samAja kI maryAdA surakSita raha ske| saMdarbhaH 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. zramayantyAtmAnaM tapobhiriti zramaNAH / mUlAcAra vRtti mUlAcAra 884 nayacakra 330 jaM ca samo appANaM pare ya mAdUya savva mahilAsu / appiyapiya mANAdisu to samaNo to ya sAmaiyaM / / mUlAcAra 521 Na ya hodi mokkhamaggo liMgaM jaM dehaNimmamA arihA / = liMgaM muttu daMsaNaNANacarittANi sevate / / pravacanasAra paMcaviha celacAyaM khidisayaNaM duvihasaMjamaM bhikkhU / bhAvaM bhAviya puvvaM jiNaliMgaM NimmalaM suddhaM // bhAvaprAbhRta 97 davvaMkhettaM kAlaM bhAvaM ca paDucca taha ya saMghahaNaM / caraNamhi jo pavaTaThai kameNa so Niravaho hoI / / mUlAcAra mUlAcAra 10/18 bha. A. 421 8. 9. mUlAcAra 4/155 10. mUlAcAra 5/192 11. jatthaM kasAyuppatirabhattiM diyadAra itthi jaNabahulaM / dukcAmuvasaggabahulaM bhikkhu khettaM vivajjeU / / mUlAcAra 20/158 12. mUlAcAra 5/160 13. mUlAcAra 10/60

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 14. mUlAcAra 1/14 15. mUlAcArapiNDa zuddhi adhikAra 52-53 16. mUlAcAra 7/20 17. bAlaggakADimittaM pariggahagahaNaM Na hoi sAhUNa | bhuMjei pANipatto ikka ThANammi || sUtrapAhuDa; 17 18. ThANe caMkamaNAdANe Nikkheve sayaNa AsaNa payatte / paDilehaNeNa paDilehijjai liMgaM ca hoi spkkhe| mUlAcAra 916 19. ekko vA vi tayo vA sIho vaggho mayo va khAdijjo / jadi khAdejja se NIco jIvayarAsiM NihaMtRRNA / mUlAcAra922 20. jo ThANamoNavIrAsaNehiM atthadi cautthachaTThehiM / bhuMjadi AdhAkammaM savve vi NitatthayA jogAMTha / mUlAcAra 924 kiM kAhadi vaNavAso sunAro va rukmUlo vA bhuMjadi AdhAkammaM savve vi NiratthyA jogA / / mUlAcAra 925 21. pAsattho ya kusIlo saMsattesaNNa migacArittoya | daMsaNNANa carite aNiuttA pNdsNvegaa| mUlAcAra 7/96 22. saMyataguNebhyaH pArzve abhyAse tiSThatIti pArzvasthaH / mUlAcAravRtti 23. vasadhIsu ya paDibajjho ahavA uvayaraNa kArao mnnio| pAsadho samaNANaM NAma so hoI / / mUlAcAra 71197 vasatikAdipratibaddha mohabahutorAtridivamupakaraNAlA kArako'saMpatta janasevI sNvtebhyoduuriibhuutH|| mUlAcAra TIkA pRSTha 450 24. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1288 se 1294 25. kutsitaM zIlaM AcaraNaM svabhAvo vA yasyAsau kuzIlaH / mU.vR. 7/96 26. samyagasaMyatoSvAsaktaH saMsakta: AhArAdi gRddhayA vaidyamaMtra jyotiSAdi kuzalatvena pratibaddho rAjAdi sevA tatparaH / mUlAcAra TIkA pR. 450 27. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1950/1722-24 28. mUlAcAra vRtti 7/96 29. mRgasya pazoriva cAritramAcaraNaM yarayAsau mRgacAritraH parityaktAcAryopadeza: svacchando gati kAkIpaNastapasUtrAdyavito dhRtirahitA 30. mUlAcAra pRSTha 306 31. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1315 77 32. cAritra sAra 144/2 33. prAyazcitta saMgraha 4 / 218 ***** - rIDara saMskRta vibhAga di jaina kAleja, bahata

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 jhAlarApATana kA achUtA jaina-sthApatya - lalita zarmA rAjasthAna pradeza ke dakSiNa pUrva meM sthita jhAlAvAr3a jile meM anekoM aisI purAtAttvika sampadA hai, jinakA abhI taka yathocita adhyayana hI nahIM ho pAyA hai| yaha pUrA hI kSetra mahimAmayI mAlavA kA hai, jisakA sAMskRtika prabhAva yahA~ kI dharoharoM va janajIvana para Aja bhI parilakSita hai| mukhyAlaya ke nikaTa 7 kilomITara dUra jhAlarApATana meM jaina dharma kA eka bar3A sundara aura prAcIna maMdira hai, jo pUrva meM mAlavA se hI sampRkta rahA hai| mUlataH yaha maMdira bhAratIya jaina prAcIna sthApatya kA sundara udAharaNa hai| maMdira kA sundara zilpa, sthApatya va bhavyatA adhyayana kI dRSTi se achUtI hai| jhAlarApATana kA yaha maMdira tIrthakara svAmI zAMtinAtha ko samarpita digambara mata kA hai| 92phITa U~cAI kA yaha maMdira apane prAcIna kalA vaibhava ke kAraNa purAtattvavidoM ke sAtha-sAtha paryaTakoM ke AkarSaNa kA bhI bar3A kendra hai| ise 11vIM sadI kA mAnA jAtA hai| isakA nirmANa zAha pApA hUmaDa nAmaka zreSThi ne 1046 I. meM karavAyA thaa| isakI pratiSThA bhavadevasUrI dvArA kI gaI thii| isa maMdira ke nirmANa kI lAgata usa yuga meM rupaye 400000 batAyI jAtI hai|' zreSThI zAha pApA hUmaDa kI mRtyu kA yahA~ nasiyAM kI pahAr3I para lage 1109 I. ke eka abhilekha se patA calatA hai| isa maMdira ko rAya kRSNadeva ne kacchApaghAta zailI kA batAyA hai| mUlata: yaha eka vizAla, prAcIna aura pUrvAbhimukhI maMdira hai| isake mUla garbha meM kAle pASANa kI sAr3he 12phuTa lambI tIrthakara svAmI zAMtinAtha jI kI digambara khaDgAsana mudrA kI mUrti pratiSThita hai| jainadharma kI bIsa paMthI AmnAya vidhi se yaha supUjita hai| mUrti atisaumya tathA takSaNa kalA ke tapabhAvoM se sampRkta hai, jisake darzana se mana meM apUrva vItarAga ke bhAva jAgrata hote haiN| jhAlAvAr3a rAjya ke purAtavavettA rahe paM. gopAlalAla vyAsa ne isa mUrti para aMkita lekha meM saMvat 1145 (san 1088 I.) par3hA thaa| cU~ki maMdira kA nirmANa 1046 I. meM huA jo pUrva kA samaya hai, ataH saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai ki yaha abhilekha isa maMdira meM mUrti kI pratiSThAkAla kA rahA hogA, kyoMki maMdira nirmANa ke pazcAt hI mUrti kI pratiSThA hotI hai arthAt nirmANa va pratiSThA meM 42 varSa kA antara pramANita hotA hai| karnala jemsa TADa ke apanI 1821 I. kI isa nagara meM kI gaI bhramaNa yAtrA ke daurAna isa maMdira ke eka pASANa phalaka para '-"jyeSTha tRtIyA saMvat 1003 (san 1046 I.) par3hA thaa| isameM unhoMne eka yAtrI kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| isake atirikta maMdira ke sabhA maNDapa meM uttara kI ora eka pASANa abhilekha saMvat 1854 (san 1797 I.) kA sthApita hai| isa lekha kA mahattva yaha hai ki-saMvat 1854 meM bhaTTAraka narabhUSaNa mahArAja gvAliyara se yahA~ cAturmAsa ke hetu

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 79 padhAre the| usa samaya unhoMne yahAM ke jaina samAja para isa maMdira kI dhUpa dIpa kI vyavasthA hetu eka maNI anAja va AdhA paisA dharmAdA kara dene kA nizcaya kiyA thaa| maMdira kA sthApatya prAcIna mAlavA ke maMdiroM ke sthApatya se sAmyatA rakhatA hai| isameM mukhya garbhagRha ke bAhara kolI maNDapa aura gUDha maNDapa hai| praveza dvAra para cInI miTTI pASANa ke do vizAla aura mahAvata yukta sapheda gaja apanI sUMDa Upara uThAye abhinaMdana mudrA meM sthApita haiN| maMdira kI chatriyoM kI tIkhI nokoM aura chajjoM ke tIkhepana ko dekhakara pratIta hotA hai-jaise devarAja indra kA vimAna airAvatoM sahita jyoM kA tyoM mAlavA kI prAcIna nagarI jhAlarApATana kI dharatI para utAra diyA ho| isa maMdira ke vitAna kA jIrNoddhAra 18vIM sadI meM huA thaa| isameM maMdira aura zikhara prAcIna sthApatya ke udAharaNa haiN| maMdira meM gUDha maNDapa ke stambhoM para zAstrIya vidhi anusAra puruSa yugma va devamUrtiyAM banI haiN| maNDovara mUla rUpa se merU maNDovara kI zreNI meM hai, jabaki dakSiNa bhAga meM candrAvatI nagarI ke kisI bhagna ziva maMdira kI sundara mUrtiyA~ lAkara lagAI gaI pratIta hotI hai| sabhAvanA hai yaha kArya 18vIM sadI meM huA ho| ina mUrtiyoM meM andhakAsuravadha, ziva sthAnaka Adi haiN| mukhya rathikAoM meM kAryotsarga jaina mUrtiyA~ hai, jabaki nIce kI rathikAoM meM zAkta mUrtiyA~ deviyoM kI dikhAI detI haiN| dakSiNa bhAga meM eka aisI devI mUrti hai jisakI aneka bhujAoM meM kaTAra, vajra, kamala, ghaNTA, puSpa va DhAla hai tathA eka hAtha khAlI hai| maMdira pRSTha kI rathikA meM cakrezvarI devI kI aSTabhujA yukta sundara mUrti hai, vahIM uttarI bhAga meM gajalakSmI kA sundara aMkana hai| rathikAoM meM aneka sundariyoM ko vibhinna bhAva va mudrAoM meM aMkita kara UkerA gayA hai| inake madhyA vyAla bane hue haiN| purAtattvavettA kRSNadeva ne isa maMdira kI sthApatya kalA kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki unake anusAra maMdira ke andara kA aMtarAla mUla rUpa meM hai, jisake ThIka pRSTha meM gaMdhamaNDapa hai| usake pazcAt Antarika gRha hai| maMdira kI pIThikA, samatala pIThikA ke Upara hai| isameM jAr3ayAkumbha, makara, karNaka tathA grAsa paTTikA se samalaMkRta hai| isake ThIka ucca bhAga meM vedibandha hai, jisameM khura va lambavata kumbha suzobhita hai| inameM jaina deva mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| yaha ThIka vaise hI hai, jaise vizAla ratna ke sAtha madhya bandha kI ratna paTTikA, kalaza aura kapota se susajjita aMgArikA va gaMgArikA hai| jandhAoM kI do katAroM meM khar3I AkRtiyA~ hai, jo grAsa paTTI dvArA alaga hokara madhyabandha taka nirmita kI huI hai| inameM UparI katAra, nIce kI katAra se kucha choTI hai| isakI janghA caukora barAnI se ghirI huI hai tathA varanDikA ko dhyAna se dekhane para pratIta hotA hai ki vaha do kapotoM kI tulanA yogya hai| isa maMdira kA vaha prathama aura dvitIya jahA~ se dIvAra kI mukhya nirmitI AraMbha hotI hai, vaha latikAoM dvArA sajAyA gayA hai aura una kujarakSA maNDita hai| yaha saba prabhAva mAlavA kI paramAra kalA se prabhAvita hai| jaisA ki pUrvokta meM rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai ki maMdira zikhara kI mUla maMjarI paMcastha kI hai tathA mukhyaratha gaja AkRti meM hai| zikhara kI anupameya sajjA bejor3a caitya gavAkSa dvArA kI gaI hai| karNastha meM gyAraha bhUmi amalakAeM sundara

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 paccIkArI kA udAharaNa hai| kendrIya ratha vizAla skandha ke rUpa meM amalikA, kendrikA, choTI amalikA aura isake bAda meM kalazoM dvArA pradarzita hai| laghu urUzrRMga yahA~ nakkAzIdAra rathikA kI mUla maMjarI ke AdhAnurUpa bane pratIta hote haiM- aisA yahA~ dekhane para svataH hI jJAta hotA hai| inameM ina aMgoM para urUzrRMga bane hai, jo kaNoM se choTe hai| sabhI zrRMga pradarzita haiM, jo samAnAntara rUpa meM do paMktiyoM meM bejor3a paccIkArI se nirmita haiN| jaMghAoM kI kriyAnviti AkRti zilpa se niyojita hai, jabaki bhadroM kA nirmANa jaina deva mUrtiyoM se dikhAI detA hai| bhadroM kI zilpAkRtiyoM ke mukuTa, toraMga tathA kIrtimukhoM se nirmita hai| inameM jainadeva, yakSa-yakSiNI va vidyA deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ banI hai| pratiratha ke karNoM para dikpAla bane hue haiN| maMdira meM kucha sthAnoM para kacchapAghAta kI zilpAkRtiyA~ dviAyAmI katAroM meM dikhAI detI haiM jo jaMghAoM aura stambha zakoM ko daivika sajAvaTa se dvAra kI ora le jAtI huI haiN| isa prakAra prAcIna bhAratIya kalA sthApatya kI yaha dharohara Aja bhI sAMskRtika pratiSThA saMjoye hue hai| jaina paraMparAnusAra yaha maMdira pUrA hI parakoTe se rakSita hai| isake parisara meM 2000 bhaktoM ke eka sAtha baiThane kI vyavasthA hai| isameM eka vizAla kalAyukta vedI hai| jisa para jaina muni baiThakara pravacana karate haiN| isI ke nikaTa barAmade meM uttara kI ora seThoM kI cA~dI kI eka sundara vedI banI huI hai, jo kalAtmaka dRSTi se sundaratA tathA dhArmika bhAva liye hue hai| isakA nirmANa yahA~ kI pratiSThita pharma seTha binodIrAma bAlacanda ke samAjasevI seTha nemIcanda va seThAnI lakSmIdevI ne karavAyA thaa| unhone isa rajata vedikA para jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita kara bhavya samAroha kiyA thaa| prAcInakAla meM isa maMdira kI atyadhika khyAti thii| aneka zrAvaka aura jaina muni yahA~ Ate the| isa maMdira meM kaI jaina mUrtiyAM sthApita haiM, jo jainadharma ke mUlasaMgha, sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti va unake ziSyoM dvArA pratiSThita hai| ina mUrtiyoM ke nIce durlabha lekha utkIrNa haiM, jo balAtkAragaNa kI IDarazAkhA ke hai|' ina lekhoM ko svayaM lekhaka ne bhI bar3e parizrama se leMsa kI sahAyatA se par3hA hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai|2 1. saMvat 1490 varSe mAghavadI 12 gurau bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti hUmar3a dozI medhA zreSThI arcti| 2. saMvat 1492 varSe vaizAkha vadI some zrI mUlasaghe bhaTTAraka zrI padmanaMdi devAstatpaTTe, bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti hUmar3a jAtIya...... 3. saMvat 1504 varSe phAguna sudI 11 zrI mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti devAstatpaTTe, bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIrti devA humar3a jAtIya zreSThi khetA bhAryA lAkha tayo putrA... ____4. saMvat 1535 poSavadI 13 budhe zrI mUlasaMghe bhaTTAraka zrI sakalakIrti bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIrti, bhaTTAraka zrI jJAnabhUSaNa gurUpadezAt hUmar3a zreSThi padmAbhAryA bhAU suta AsA bha. kaDU sutkAnhA bhA. kuMderI bhrAtadhanA bhA. vahahanu ete caturviMzatikA nitya prnnmNti| 5. yahA~ pratiSThita eka tIrthakara pArzvanAtha mUrti para saMvat 1620 vaizAkhasudI 9 budha

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 zrI mUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatIgacche kundakundAcAryAmnAye bha. zrI padmanandi devAstatpaTTe sakalakIrti devAstatpaTTe sumatikIrti gurUpadezAt, hubaDa jAtIya maMdira gautre saMghavI devA bhA. devAbhade tatsuta saMghavI bhAryA paravat bhAryA paramalade tatbhrAtR saM. hIrA bhA. koDamade tatbhrAtR saM haraSa bhA. karamAde suta lahuA bhA. minnA, bhrAtR lADaNa bhA. lalitAde sutaM thApara saM. jemala bhA. jetAhI bhrA. DUMgara bhA. dhAnade bhrA. jagamA saM. hIA, balAde etai, saha saMghavI jIvAdo sAgavAr3A vAsUva nityaM praNamati (jJAtavya hai ki yaha tIrthaMkara mUrti sAgavAr3A jilA bAMsavAr3A meM pratiSThita huI thI aura vivecya maMdira meM abhI pratiSThita hai) saMdarbha 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. jaina, ke. sI. anekAnta varSa 15 aMka 6, pR. 279-282 anekAnta- varSa 13 pR. 24 candAprabhu maMdira jhAlarApATana ke jaina purArI se prApta jaina tIrtha ke eka prAcIna graMtha se sAbhAra, paM. 143 (1) anekAnta - varSa 12, pR. 125 (2) ukta varSa 13, pR. 281 varadA varSa 17, aMka 1 janavarI-mArca 1974, pR. 9 paM. gopAlalAla vyAsa (prathama kyUreTara, jhAlAvAr3a rAjya saMgrahAlaya, 1915 I.) ke hastalikhita lekha se sAbhAra 81 TADa jemsa enAlsa eNDa eNTIkviTIja, bhA- 3, pR. 1789 radA- pUrvokta (1) progresa riporTa oNpha da ArkiyolaoNjikala (vesTarna sarkala) 1904-05 I., pR. 32-33 jhAlAvAr3a DisTrika gajeTiyara, 1964 I., pR. 288 (saM.) jaina ArTa eNDa ArkiTekcara 1976, paM. 247-248 (2) DhoDhIyAla, bI. ena. 10. yU. pI. zAha, ema. e ThAke 11. joharApurakara vidyAdhara bhaTTAraka saMpradAya, paM. 132-33 12. jaina balabhadra - bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha, bhAga-4 ( ina lekhoM ko barasoM pUrva yadyapi zrI jaina - ne rekhAMkita kiyA parantu lekhaka lalita zarmA ne bhI svayaM inheM parakhA, dekhA, par3hA hai, lekhaka yahIM kA mUla nivAsI hai| ***** - jaikI sTUDiyo, 13 maMgalapurA sTrITa, jhAlAvAr3a - 326001 ( rAjasthAna )

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 adhyAtma vikAsa ke AyAma guNasthAna aura pariNAma DaoN. jyotibAbU jaina guNasthAna evaM dhyAna : guNasthAna kA saMbaMdha guNa se hai sahabhuvo guNA' sAtha meM hone vAle guNa hai yA jinake dvArA eka dravya kI dUsare dravya se pRthak pahacAna hotI hai vaha guNa hai guNyate pRthakkriyate dravyaM dravyAdyaiste gunnaaH| / arthAt jisake dvArA dravya kI pahacAna hotI hai vaha guNa hai jo dravya kI saMpUrNa avasthAoM meM pAye jAne vAle guNa hai| aneka milI huI vastuoM meM kisI eka vastu ko pRthak karane vAle hetu ko lakSaNa (guNa) kahate haiN|' zakti, lakSaNa, vizeSa, dharma, guNa, svabhAva prakRti aura zIla ye zabda ekArthavAcI haiN|' isa prakAra guNa zabda kA prayoga vibhinna artho meM bhinnatA hai| dhyAna yA pariNAma kI avasthA guNasthAna hai- jaise-jaise dhyAna meM ekAgratA ke sAtha vizuddhi bar3hatI jAtI hai vaise-vaise guNoM ke sthAna bar3hate jAte haiN| arthAt AtmA ke udayAdi pariNAmoM kI guNAtmaka avasthA, dazA athavA sthAna ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| guNasthAna se zUnya athavA dhyAna se zUnya avasthA kabhI kisI jIva kI nahIM hotI vaha kisI na kisI dhyAna ke sAtha guNasthAna meM rahatA hai saMsAra meM jIva mohanIya karma ke udaya upazama Adi avasthAoM ke anusAra utpanna huye dhyAna rUpa pariNAmoM, bhAvoM yA avasthAoM ko guNasthAna kahate haiN| jehi du lakkhijjate udayAdisu saMbhavehi bhaavehi| jIvA te guNa-saNNA NihiTThA, svvdrisiihi||6 AcArya devasena ne bhAva saMgraha meM audayika, pAriNAmika, kSAyopazamika, aupazamika aura kSAyika bhAvoM ke sAtha zubha-azubha zuddha bhAvoM kA yoga nirdiSTa kiyA hai| ye zubha-azubha aura zuddha bhAva karmoM ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama hone para jina avasthAoM ko prApta hote haiM una pariNAmoM kI avasthAyeM hI caudaha guNasthAna haiN| jo jIva karmoM ko naSTa kara guNAsthAnAtIta ho jAte haiM ve siddha yA mukta jIva haiN|' 1. mithyAtva guNasthAna mithyAtva karma ke udaya se jina jIvoM ke audayika bhAvoM kA udaya hotA hai ve sabhI jIva mithyAtva guNasthAna meM sthita haiM, mithyAtva karma ke udaya se ina jIvoM ke pariNAma

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 83 viparIta ho jAte haiM pittajvara ke rogI ke samAna apane hita ahita ko nahIM jAna paate| yaha mithyAtva pA~ca prakAra kA hai| 1 viparIta mithyAtva 2 ekAMta mithyAtva 3 vinaya mithyAtva 4 saMzaya mithyAtva 5 ajJAna mithyAtva mithyAtva guNasthAna meM azubha dhyAna evaM usakA phala mithyAtva ke udaya ye yaha jIva anAdi kAla se cAroM gatiyoM meM aneka zarIra dhAraNa karatA huA aura vibhinna prakAra ke kaSToM ko bhogatA huA isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai yaha jIva prabala mithyAtva ke kAraNa hamezA Arta aura raudra dhyAna karatA rahatA hai|' ina azubha dhyAnoM ke kAraNa yaha jIva ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai anAdi se anaMta kAla taka paribhramaNa samApta nahIM kara skegaa| yaha jIva dharma ke svarUpa ko na samajhane ke kAraNa naraka tiryaMca gati ko prApta hoNge| yadi kisI prakAra zubha yoga se manuSya gati prApta ho jAtI hai to azubha karmoM ke udaya se zreSTha kula-jAti-deza-Ayu prApta na hone se kSudra manuSya hokara bhI du:khI rahatA hai| yadi kisI prakAra uttama deza, uttama kula, uttama Ayu, Arogya zarIra Adi prApta bhI kara letA hai to bhI Artaraudra dhyAna ke kAraNa evaM mithyAmArga meM pravartana karatA huA sacce mArga ko prApta nahIM kara paataa| 2 sAsAdana guNasthAna aura pariNAma samyakdarzana ke chUTa jAne ke bAda jaba taka mithyAtva guNasthAna prApta nahIM hotA hai taba taka kA kAla sAsAdana guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra koI purUSa parvata se giratA hai paraMtu abhI pRthvI para nahI AyA vaha na to parvata para kahA jA sakatA hai aura na pRthvI para kiMtu madhya meM mAnA jAtA hai isI prakAra samyaktva se patita jIva ko mithyAtva guNasthAna prApta nahI huA taba taka usake sAsAdana guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| tattvasAra meM anaMtAnubaMdhI krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAyoM meM kisI eka ke udaya hone para prathamopazama samyaktva se patita huA jIva jaba taka mithyAtva ko prApta nahIM hotA, taba taka kI madhyavartI avasthA sAsAdana guNasthAna kI kahI hai| gommaTasAra meM jaba prathamopazama samyaktva evaM dvitIyopazama samyaktva kI sthiti kama se kama eka samaya, adhika se adhika chaha AvalI pramANa zeSa rahatI hai, taba taka jIva ke anantAnubaMdhI kaSAya ke cAra bhedoM meM se kisI eka bheda kA udaya A jAne se samyaktva kI virAdhanA ho jAne se AtmA kI avasthA nIce giratI hai, aura jaba taka mithyAtva bhUmi kA sparza nahIM karatI taba taka vaha avasthA sAsAdana guNasthAna kI kahI hai| AsAdana se tAtparya virAdhanA se hai arthAt isa guNasthAna meM jIva samyaktva kI virAdhanA karatA hai aura 'asana' kA artha hai nIce giranA arthAt yaha jIva mithyAtva bhUmi kI ora

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 nIce giratA hai isalie isa guNasthAna ko sAsAdana kahA hai| isa guNasthAnavI jIva prathama guNasthAna se dvitIya guNasthAna meM nahIM Ate balki caturtha Adi guNasthAna se kaSAyoM ke udaya ke kAraNa jaba koI jIva nIce girane lagatA hai taba isa guNasthAna meM AtA hai| isalie yaha guNasthAna utthAna kA nahIM balki patana kA hai| mithyAtva bhUmi ke sparza se pUrva isameM samyaktva kA alpAbhAsa sA hotA hai| jaise sUrya asta ke uparAMta rAtri kA pUrNa andhakAra hone ke pUrva kI avsthaa| isa guNasthAna meM jIva kI avasthA chaha AvalI mAtra hai| isa guNasthAna meM darzanamohanIya ke udaya, kSaya evaM kSayopazama kA abhAva hone se kevala pAriNAmika' bhAva hI hote haiN| 3 mizraguNasthAna aura pariNAma jisa avasthA meM jIva ke samyak aura mithyA arthAt samyamithyAtva rUpa pariNAma hote haiM vaha mizra guNasthAna hai| jisa prakAra khaccara jAti kA gadhA gadhI se utpanna na hokara ghor3I se utpanna hotA hai| gadhA-ghoDI se utpanna hone vAlI yaha tIsarI jAti hai| isa prakAra isa mizra guNasthAna meM samyaktva aura mithyAtva donoM ke mile huye tIsarI jAti ke pariNAma hote haiN| isa guNasthAna meM rahane vAle jIva deza saMyama aura sakala saMyama dhAraNa nahIM kara skte||5 mizra guNasthAnavartI jIva ke Ayu bandha kA abhAva evaM maraNa kA abhAva hotA hai yaha jIva yA to samyakdarzana dhAraNa kara mara sakatA hai athavA mithyAtva guNasthAna meM jAkara mara sakatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM jIva ke ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna kA hI cintavana calatA hai| samyak mithyAtva rUpa pariNAmoM ke kAraNa samyak evaM mithyA sabhI devoM kI ArAdhanA karatA hai sabhI dharmoM ko samAna mAnatA hai guNa-avaguNa ke bheda kA jJAna nahIM hotaa| 4 aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna aura pariNAma jisakA zraddhAna samyak hone para bhI abhI pA~ca pApoM kA ekadeza tyAga bhI na hone se saMyama rahita hai vaha avirata samyaktva guNasthAna hai| "No iMdiesu virado jIve thAvara-tase vaapi| jo saddahadi jiNuttaM sammAiTThI avirado so|| 17 arthAt jo jIva indriyoM ke viSayoM se virata na hone ke sAtha trasa sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se bhI virata nahI haiM parantu jo jinadeva kathita tattvoM para zraddhAna rakhatA hai vaha avirata samyakdRSTi hai| isa guNasthAna meM mohanIya karma kI kSaya, kSayopazama, upazama Adi sthiti ke anusAra kSAyika, kSAyopazamika aura aupazamika tInoM prakAra ke pariNAma hote haiN| yadyapi avirata samyakdRSTi jIva indriyoM se virata nahIM hotA aura na trasa sthAvara se virata hotA hai tathApi samyakdarzana ke pragaTa hone se usake prazama, saMvega, anukampA,

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 85 Astikya Adi guNoM ke sAtha niHzaMkita Adi guNoM se yukta hokara aMtaraMga meM saMyama dhAraNa karane ke pariNAmoM meM udyamI hotA hai| dharma dhyAna kI prApti hetu AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya aura saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAnoM kA abhyAsa karatA hai| isa prakAra ke pariNAmoM se yukta jIva avirata samyagdRSTi guNasthAna vAlA hotA hai| 5 viratAvirata guNasthAna aura dhyAna jo jIva trasa hiMsA kA tyAga kara detA hai tathA sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se avirata hai| vaha jIva eka hI samaya meM virata aura avirata yA viratAvirata guNasthAna vAlA hai| 9 isa guNasthAna meM viratAvirata rUpa pariNAma eka sAtha kisa prakAra hote haiM isa viSaya meM gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa meM kahA hai jinendra deva ke vacanoM para advitIya zraddhAna rakhane vAlA jIva eka hI samaya meM trasa hiMsA kI apekSA virata aura sthAvara hiMsA kI apekSA avirata hotA hai isalie usako eka hI samaya meM viratAvirata kahate haiN|" arthAt virata aura avirata donoM hI dharma bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI apekSA se hai| ataeva sahAvasthAna doSa nhiiN| viratAvirata guNasthAna meM dhyAna: viratAvirata guNasthAna meM ArtadhyAna raudradhyAna aura bhadradhyAna ye tIna prakAra ke dhyAna AcArya devasena ne mAne haiM evaM bahuta Arambha evaM parigrahavAna hone se dharmadhyAna kA niSedha bhI kiyA hai| 2 ArtadhyAna iSTa padArtha ke viyoga hone se usake saMyoga kA cintavana karanA prathama ArtadhyAna hai, aniSTa padArtha ke saMyoga hone para usake viyoga kA cintana aniSTa saMyogaja ArtadhyAna hai, roga hone para use dUra karane kA ciMtavana tIsarA Arta dhyAna hai aura nidAna cauthA Arta dhyAna hai Arta dhyAna se pApoM kA saMcaya evaM tiyaMca gati kI prApti hotI hai|" raudra dhyAna : kaSAyoM kI tIvratA se raudradhyAna hotA hai yaha hiMsAnanda, mRSAnanda (jhUTha meM dhyAna AnaMda mAnanA) steyAnanda ( corI meM AnaMda mAnanA) evaM (parigraha saMcaya meM Ananda mAnanA) parigrahAnanda rUpa raudra dhyAna ina cAra prakAra se hotA hai| raudra dhyAna kA phala naraka gati hai| jo gRhastha vyApArAdi indriyoM, viSayoM meM saMkalpa vikalpa karate rahate haiM unake ArtadhyAna evaM jinake tIvra mohanIya karma kA udaya hotA hai unake raudradhyAna hotA hai| 23 bhadra dhyAna ina Arta raudra dhyAnoM ke phala ko samyaka jJAnI upazama pariNAmoM se samApta kara detA hai jise AcArya devasena ne bhadra dhyAna kahA hai "bhaddassa lakkhaNaM puNa dhammaM citer3a bhoya parimukko ciMtiya dhammaM sevai puNaravi bhoe jahicchAe // 24

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 arthAt bhogoM kA sevana karatA huA bhI jo dharma dhyAna dhAraNa karatA hai use bhadra dhyAna kahA hai| AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAka vicaya aura saMsthAna vicaya rUpa cAra prakAra kA dharma dhyAna hai paraMtu yaha dharmadhyAna mukhyatA se pramAda rahita sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai kintu viratAvirata pA~caveM guNasthAna meM aura pramatta saMyata chaThe guNasthAna meM upacAra se hotA hai| paMcama viratAvirata guNasthAna meM nirAlaMba dharmadhyAna kA niSedha dharma dhyAna ke anya prakAra se do bheda AcArya devasena ne kiye haiM (1) sAlaMba (2) niraalNb| sAlaMba - eka AlaMbana sahita pA~ca parameSThI ke svarUpa ciMtavana rUpa sAlaMba dharma sAlaMba dharmadhyAna hotA hai| nirAlaMba - dUsarA jo gRhasthI tyAga kara jinaliMga dhAraNa kara (munidIkSA) kara letA hai evaM muni hokara bhI apramatta nAma ke sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai taba usI ke nirAlaMba dhyAna hotA hai gRhastha avasthA meM nirAlaMba dhyAna kabhI saMbhava nhiiN| isakA kAraNa hai ki gRhasthoM ke sadAkAla bAhya AbhyaMtara parigraha parimita rUpa se rahate haiM sAtha hI aneka prakAra ke AraMbha hone se gRhastha zuddha avasthA kA dhyAna nahIM kara sktaa| yadi koI gRhastha zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna karanA cAhatA hai to usakA dhyAna DheMkI ke samAna hai jisa prakAra DheMkI dhAna kUTane ke bAda bhI usase koI lAbha nahIM hotA usakA parizrama vyartha hai| isa prakAra gRhasthoM ke nirAlaMba dhyAna evaM zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna parizrama mAtra hai| isa prakAra paMcama guNasthAna meM nirAlaMba zuddha AtmA kA nizcala dhyAna kabhI nahIM ho sktaa| isa guNasthAnavI jIvoM ko AlaMbana sahita dhyAna dhAraNa yogya hai| 6. pramattasaMyata guNasthAna aura pariNAma pramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM aupazamika, kSAyopazamika aura kSAyika tInoM prakAra ke pariNAma hote haiM tathA pandraha pramAda bhI isI guNasthAna taka hote haiM isalie yaha guNasthAna pramatta saMyata kahA jAtA hai|" pUrva ke guNasthAnoM meM pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga na hone se pramAda bhI rahatA hai paraMtu pramatta saMyata guNasthAna meM pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga ho jAtA hai paraMtu pramAda aba bhI upasthita rahatA hai isalie isa avasthA ko pramatta saMyata (pramAda sahita) kahA jAtA hai| ___ mahAvratI sAdhu jo sakala mUlaguNoM se yukta hokara bhI vyakta aura avyakta pramAda meM nivAsa karatA hai vaha citrala AcaraNa vAlA pramatta saMyata hai| jisa pramAda meM svayaM ko spaSTa anubhava hotA hai vaha vyakta pramAda hai evaM jisakA svayaM ko spaSTa anubhava na ho vaha avyakta pramAda hai| isa prakAra kI avasthA ke kAraNa pramatta saMyata guNasthAnavartI ke AcaraNa ko citrala AcaraNa kahA hai| pandraha prakAra ke pramAdoM kA varNana bhAvasaMgraha meM kiyA hai cAra vikathA, cAra kaSAya,

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 87 pAMca indriyA~, nidrA aura praNaya ina pramAdoM ke kAraNa cAritra aura dhyAna meM zuddhatA, sthiratA nahIM hotI hai| pramatta saMyata guNasthAna meM muni dharma dhyAna kA ciMtavana karate haiM paraMtu nokaSAya ke udaya hone se unake ArtadhyAna bhI ho jAtA hai| phirabhI ratnatraya kI sAdhanA evaM svAdhyAya ke kAraNa ve usa ArtadhyAna kA upazama kara dete hai| nidAna nAma kA ArtadhyAna isa avasthA meM nahIM hotA yadi hotA hai to guNasthAna se patana ho jAtA hai| pramAda kI avasthA meM jaba taka nizcala dhyAna nahIM hotA taba taka ve muni apanI nindA karate rahate haiN| 7. apramatta saMyata guNasthAna meM dharma thyAna pramAda rahita avasthA apramatta hai saMyata ke sAtha jina jIvoM ke pramAda nahIM pAyA jAtA ve dhyAna meM sthita rahate haiM aura upazama athavA kSapaka zreNI ke sanmukha hai vaha apramatta saMyata isa guNasthAna meM aupazamika bhAva, kSAyika bhAva aura kSAyopazamika tInoM bhAvoM ke sAtha niyama se dharmadhyAna hotA hai| ___ apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM jaba saMjvalana aura nokaSAyoM kA manda udaya hotA hai usa samaya vaha sAdhu bAhara se niraticAra sakalacAritra ke dhAraka hote haiM aura aMtaraMga meM kisI eka samyaktva ke sAtha rUpAtIta dharma dhyAna meM sthita indriyoM ke viSaya evaM tIvra saMjvalana kaSAya ke vijetA hote haiN| isa guNasthAna kA kAla antarmuhUrta hone se sAdhaka chaThe sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pravartana karate rahate haiN| isa guNasthAna ko dhyAna, dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAna kA phala ina cAra adhikAroM meM varNita kiyA hai| dhyAna- citta kA nirodha karanA dhyAna hai arthAt citta se anya ciMtanoM kA tyAga kara kisI eka padArtha kA ciMtavana dhyAna hai| usake cAra bheda haiN| 1. piNDastha 2. padastha 3. rUpastha 4. rUpAtIta4 dhyAtA-dhyAna ko karane vAlA dhyAtA hotA hai| jo AtmA aura paramAtmA ko sAdhatA hai vaha sAdhu hai| jo sAdhu cetanAdi bhAvoM se upayukta hokara apane AtmA ko dhyAtA hai usa anubhava ko saMvedana kahate haiN| jo svayaM hote arthAt apane Apa ko jAne use cetanA kahate haiN| saMvedana aura cetanA saMvedanacetanAdi kahalAte hai| aise saMvedanacetanAdi guNoM se yukta AtmA dhyAtA hai| dhyeya- jisakA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha dhyeya hai| dhyeya tIna prakAra kA hai - 1. akSara 2. rUpa 3. rUpAtIta akSara- paMcaparameSThI ke vAcaka akSaroM kA uccAraNa akSara dhyAna kahalAtA hai|

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88 anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 rUpa- paMcaparameSThI ke svarUpa kA dhyAna karanA rUpa dhyAna kahalAtA hai| rUpAtIta- jo ratnatraya svarUpa nirAlaMba dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai aura ratnatraya se yukta hai tathA isI kAraNa jo zUnya hokara bhI zUnya nahIM hai vaha rUpAtIta dhyeya hai| nizcayanaya ke kathana meM dhyAna, dhyAtA, dhyeya meM bhinnatA nahIM hai| AtmA, apane AtmA ko, apane AtmA meM, apane AtmA ke dvArA, apane AtmA ke lie, apane hI AtmA hetu se dhyAtA hai|" isa prakAra kartA, karma, karaNa, sampradAna, apAdAna aura adhikaraNa ye SaT kAraka rUpa pariNata AtmA hI nizcayanaya kI dRSTi se dhyAna svarUpa hai| apramatta avasthA se dharma dhyAna kA phala moha ke mUla iSTa aniSTa buddhi kA abhAva evaM citta kI sthiratA hI dhyAna hai| aise dhyAna kA sAkSAt phala nirAkula mokSa sukha hai| prasanna citta rahanA, dharma se prema karanA, zubha upAyoM meM rahanA, uttamazAstroM kA abhyAsa karanA, citta sthira rakhanA, jinAjJA ke anusAra pravRtti karanA ye sabhI dhyAna ke phala haiN| bhAvasaMgraha meM dhyAna ke tIna prakAra ke phala batAye haiM - 1. vartamAna bhava meM prApta hone vAlA phala : dhyAna ke prabhAva se atizaya guNa prApta ho jAte hai| jaise hajAroM kosa dUra ke padArtha ko dekha lenA, dUra ke zabda suna lenA indriya jJAna kI vRddhi evaM Adeza karane kI zakti prakaTa ho jAtI hai| dhyAna se jJAna kI pUrNatA, RddhiyA~ yati pUjA evaM kevalajJAna hone para jina pUjA kI prApti bhI ho jAtI hai| 2. paraloka sambaMdhI phala :- svargoM meM utpanna hokara indrapada, ahamindra pada, laukAntika pada Adi kI prApti honA paraloka sambandhI dhyAna kA phala hai| 40 3. samasta karmoM kA kSaya :- dhyAna ke aMtima phala ATha prakAra ke haiM - 1. audArika Adi zarIroM kA nAza, 2. siddha svarUpa kI prApti, 3. tIna loka prabhutva 4. ananta vIrya kI prApti, 5. samyagjJAna, 6. sUkSmatva, 7. agurulaghutva, 8. avyAbAdha darzana ina ATha guNoM kI prApti hone se lokAgra meM sthira ho jAnA' arthAt sampUrNa karmoM ko naSTa kara pUrNa zuddhatA ko prApta ho jAnA dhyAna kA tIsarA phala hai| isa prakAra apramattasaMyata guNasthAna meM dharma dhyAna ke sAlaMba evaM nirAlaMba donoM prakAra ke dhyAnoM kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| isa guNasthAna meM cha: AvazyakoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM hone se dhyAna meM lagA huA mana nirantara atyaMta sthira ho jAtA hai| 8 apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna evaM pariNAmoM kI sthiti saMjvalana aura no kaSAyoM ke mandatara udaya hone para adha:karaNa pariNAmoM kI pravRti meM antarmuhUrta kAla taka sthita raha kara pratisamaya apUrva-apUrva vizuddhi vAle pariNAmoM ke dhAraNa

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anekAnta 63/4 akTUbara-disambara 2010 karane se ve hI apramata saMyata apUrvakaraNa pariNAmoM meM pravRti svarUpa aSTama guNasthAnavartI hote haiN| 42 89 sAtaveM guNasthAna meM sthita dhyAnI do prakAra ke mArgo kA avalambana letA hai kSapaka zreNI aura upazama-zreNI / karmoM ko naSTa karate hue kSapaka zreNI evaM karmoM ke upazama se upazama zreNI hotI hai| upazama zreNI se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka pahu~cakara karmodaya hone para nIce ke sthAnoM meM A jAte hai aura kSapaka zreNI se karmoM kA kSaya kara bArahaveM guNasthAna ke aMta meM kevalajJAna prApta karate haiN| apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna aura dhyAna:- apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM prathama zukladhyAna donoM zreNI vAle jIvoM ke hotA hai| vaha zukla dhyAna tIna prakAra hai: 1 pRthaktva 2 savitarka 3 savIcAra 43 pRthaktva dhyAna:- dhyAna meM sthita muni jisa dhyAna meM dravya kI paryAyoM evaM guNoM ko pRthaka-pRthaka jAnate haiM vaha dhyAna pRthaktva dhyAna hai| " savitarka dhyAna :- vitarka se tAtparya zrutajJAna hai arthAt jo dhyAna sadA kAla zruta jJAna ke sAtha rahe vaha savitarka dhyAna hai| savIcAra dhyAna :- yoga padArtha aura zabdoM kA badalanA vIcAra kahalAtA hai| vIcAra sahita dhyAna savIcAra hai jisa dhyAna meM ciMtana kiye huye padArthoM va unako karane vAle zabdoM kA citavana mana se, vacana se, kAya se yA krama badala kara arthAt kabhI kAya se yA kabhI mana se yA kabhI vacana se ciMtavana kiyA jAtA hai arthAt jisameM yoga badalate hI padArtha aura unake vAcaka zabda bhI badalate rahate hoM vaha savIcAra dhyAna hai| 45 yaha dhyAna karma vRkSa ko kATane ke liye binA dhAra vAlI kulhAr3I ke samAna hai jo dera se karmoM kA nAza karatA hai| isa guNasthAna meM karmoM kA kSaya yA upazama hone para jo apUrva pariNAma hote haiM vaise apUrva pariNAma pUrva meM kabhI nahIM hue isalie yaha guNasthAna apUrvakaraNa hai|" 9 anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna meM pariNAmoM kI sthiti:- apUrvakaraNa ke samAna isa guNasthAna meM uttarottara jo pariNAmoM kI zuddhatA hotI jAtI hai vaha zuddhatA vRddhi ko prApta hotI hai kama nahIM hotI isaliye yaha guNasthAna anivRtti karaNa hai| jisameM pariNAmoM kI sthiti bar3hatI rahe evaM nivRtta na ho aura bar3hatI hI calI jAya vaha anivRttikaraNa hai| 7 isa guNasthAna meM aupazamika bhAva aura kSAyika bhAva donoM zreNI ke anusAra hote haiN| upazama zreNI vAle ke upazama evaM kSapaka zreNI vAle ke kSAyika bhAva hote haiN| anivRttikaraNa meM dhyAna kI atyanta nirmalatA ke sAtha pahalA pRthaktva vitarka vIcAra nAma kA zukladhyAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAna kI vizeSatA hai ki isa guNasthAna meM eka samaya meM jitane jIva sthita hote haiM una sabhI ke pariNAma samAna hoMge evaM ve pariNAma nivRtti rUpa nahIM hote| 48

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 10 sUkSmasAMparAya guNasthAna aura pariNAma :-sUkSma sAMparAya se tAtparya sUkSma kaSAya se hai jahA~ mAtra sUkSma lobha kA udaya zeSa hai jisase citta sUkSma azuddhatA se yukta hotA hai vaha sUkSmasAMparAya hai| isa guNasthAna meM aupazamika zreNI vAle ke aupazamika evaM kSapaka zreNI vAle ke kSAyika bhAva hote haiN| tInoM bheda vAlA prathama zukla dhyAna hotA hai|'' __ jisa prakAra kusumala meM raMge hue vastroM meM lAlI atyanta sUkSma hotI hai isI taraha isa guNasthAna meM lobha kaSAya atyanta sUkSma hotI hai| 11 upazAMta kaSAya guNasthAna aura pariNAmaH- moha kI samasta prakRtiyoM ke upazama se upazAMta kaSAya guNasthAna hotA hai isa guNasthAna meM kSapaka zreNI vAle nahIM A sakate jo prAraMbha se upazama zreNI para ArUr3ha hai vahI isa guNasthAna ke pAtra banate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM pRthaktva vitarka zukla dhyAna evaM aupazamika bhAva hI hote haiN| guNasthAna ke aMta meM mohanIya kI samasta prakRtiyAM jo upazAMta thIM ve udaya meM A jAtI hai jisase gyArahaveM upazAMta guNasthAna se nIce patana ho jAtA hai| 12 kSINamoha guNasthAna meM dhyAna :-samasta mohanIya karma ke kSaya se kSINa moha guNasthAna hotA hai jaise zuddha sphaTika maNi meM rakhA huA jala zuddha nirmala ho jAtA hai isI taraha jisakI kaSAyeM pUrNarUpa se naSTa ho gaI haiM aise kSINa kaSAya guNasthAna meM sthita muni ke pariNAma sadAkAla nirmala rahate haiM evaM una muniyoM ke kSAyika bhAva hI hote haiN| kSINa moha guNasthAna meM ekatva vitarka nAma kA dUsarA zukla dhyAna vitarka arthAt zrutajJAna sahita hotA hai| kisI eka yoga se hone vAle dhyAna meM vIcAra kA saMkramaNa nahIM hotA maNiratna kI zikhA ke samAna nizcala vIcAra rahita dhyAna hotA hai| dhyAna meM sthita muni bArahaveM guNasthAna ke upAntya samaya meM apane pravAhita dhyAna ke dvArA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya ina ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza kara pUrNa nirmala kevalajJAna pragaTa karate haiN| yaha kevalajJAna loka-aloka ko eka sAtha prakAzita karane vAlA hotA hai| isa jJAna meM koI upadrava nahIM hotA aura vaha jJAna phira kabhI bhI naSTa nahIM hotA anaMta kAla taka banA rahatA hai|' 13 sayoga kevalI guNasthAna meM dhyAna kI avasthA :- jina ke kevalajJAna rUpI sUrya kI kiraNoM ke samUha se ajJAna aMdhakAra nAzaka, kSAyika samyaktva jJAna, cAritra, darzana, dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga, vIrya ina nau labdhiyoM kI prApti hone se jinheM paramAtmA yA jina saMjJA prApta ho gaI hai vaha jJAna kI pUrNatA sayoga kevalI guNasthAna kI hai| terahaveM guNasthAnavartI jina ke zuddha kSAyika bhAva vikalpa rahita aura nizcala hote haiN| isa guNasthAna meM sUkSma kriyA pratipAti tIsarA zukla dhyAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAnavI jIva ke pradezoM kA parispaMdana atyanta sUkSma hone se jo zubha karmoM kI vargaNAe~ AtI haiM ve usI samaya calI jAtI haiM Atma pradezoM meM ve karmavargaNAeM rukatI nahI haiN| isakA kAraNa hai ki una kevalI bhagavAna ke rAgadveSa kA sarvathA abhAva hone se unake karmo kA baMdha nahIM hotaa|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 91 isa guNasthAna kI sthiti jaghanya se antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa se jitane varSa kI Ayu meM kevalajJAna huA utane varSa kama eka karor3a puurv| 14 ayoga kevalI guNasthAna meM dhyAna kI sthiti:- jahA~ yogoM kA abhAva ho gayA hai vaha ayoga hai aura kevalajJAna hone se kevalI hai arthAt jo yoga rahita hokara bhI kevalI hai vaha ayoga kevalI guNasthAna hai| jisa yogI ke karmoM ke Ane ke dvArA rUpa Asrava kA sarvathA abhAva ho gayA hai tathA jo sattva aura udayarUpa avasthA ko prApta kara karmoM kI raja se sarvathA mukta hone ke sammukha hai| usa yoga rahita kevalI ko ayoga kevalI kahate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM samasta yogika kriyAoM kA abhAva ho jAne se cauthA vyuparata kriyA nivRtti nAma kA zukla dhyAna hotA hai evaM kSAyika aura zuddha bhAva hone se bhagavAna niraMjana aura vItarAgI hote haiN| jisa prakAra kA dhyAna sayogI guNasthAna meM hotA hai vaisA dhyAna na hokara upacAra se dhyAna mAnA jAtA hai karmoM kA nAza binA dhyAna se nahIM hotA isa apekSA se upacAra se dhyAna mAnA hai kyoMki caudahaveM guNasthAna meM aghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza hotA hai| dhyAna kI avasthA, dhyAtA kI sthiti, dhyAna yogya dhyeya padArthoM ke vikalpa se sabhI mana sahita jIvoM ke hote haiM lekina sayogI evaM ayogI avasthA meM mana kA abhAva hotA hai isa apekSA se teraha caudaha guNasthAna meM dhyAna nahIM hotaa| 59 isa prakAra dhyAnoM kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki guNasthAnoM kA dhyAna se avinAbhAva saMbaMdha hai| dharma dhyAna ke binA adhyAtma vikAsa ke sopAna guNasthAnoM para ArohaNa saMbhava nahIM hotA aura zukla dhyAna ke binA zreNI ArohaNa kara karma kSaya karake arihaMta avasthA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA aura aMtima zukla dhyAna ke abhAva meM mokSa avasthA prApti nahIM ho sktii| isa prakAra AcArya devasena evaM vibhinna dRSTiyoM ke avalokana se niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki dhyAna ke binA guNasthAna nahIM aura guNasthAna ke binA dhyAna nhiiN| saMdarbha : 1. AlApapaddhati sU 92 2. vahI 93 3. nyAyadIpikA 3/78 vytikiirnnvstuvyaavRttiheturlkssnnm| 4. paMcAdhyAyI gAthA 478 dhavalA pu. 1 gAthA 114/161 dha, 1-1-8 gA. 114/161 6. bhAva saMgraha gA. 8-11 7. vahI gA. 12,13 8. vahI gA. 16 9. bhAva saMgraha- 166-168 10. vahI 169-171

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 11. bhAva saMgraha-gA 197 12. tattvasAra pRSTha 15 13. gommaTasAra- jIvakANDa gA 19 14. bhAva saMgraha -gA 197 15. bhAvasaMgraha- gA. 199 16. vahI-200-201 17. tattvasAra TI. 1/13 18. bhAvasaMgraha gA 260 19. bhAvasaMgraha gA 251 20. A nemIcandra go jI gA. 31 21. bhAvasaMgraha gA 357 22. vahI 359 23. bhAvasaMgraha 363 24. vahI 365 25. vahI-371 26. bhAvasaMgraha gA 374 evaM 381 27. vahI 384 se 386 28. vahI 388 29. bhAvasaMgraha-600 30. vahI tattvasAra- TIkA zloka 16 31. bhAvasaMgraha 603 32. bhAvasaMgraha- 614, 615 33. tattvasAra 34. vahI bhAvasaMgraha 619 35. tatvasAra- gA. 44 hI 36. bhAvasaMgraha 631, 632 37. pa. daulatarAma chahaDhAlA 3/2 (para dravyanatai. 38. pa. AzAdhAra- ana dharmAmRta 1/144 (iSTaniSTArtha..... prakA. bhAratIya jJAnapITha-dillI 39. bhAvasaMgraha- 634, 635 40. vahI- 636 41. vahI- 637-638 42. tattvasAra- TI 1/16 43. bhAvasaMgraha- 642-643 44. vahI- 644 45. vahI- 646 46. vahI-648 47. bhAvasaMgraha- 649 48. vahI- 650-651 49. bhAvasaMgraha- 652-653 50. vahI- 656 51. bhAvasaMgraha 661-622

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 zlo. 19 52. vahI- 663 53. vahI- 665 54. go. jI.- 63-64/tattvasAra TI 55. bhAvasaMgraha- 669-670 56. vahI- 678 57. go jI gA. 65 58. bhAvasaMgraha 681-682 59. vahI- 683 - 21 mahAvIra bhavana sarvaRtu vilAsa udayapura (rAja.) mo. 09414234793 samyagdRSTi-mithyAdRSTi sammAiTThI jIvo uvaiTTha pavayaNaM tu sddhdi| saddahadi asabbhAvaM ajANamANo gurunniyogaa||27|| go.jI.kA. samyagdRSTi jIva upadiSTa pravacana kA niyama se zraddhAna karatA hai| vaha guru ke niyoga se kahe gaye asadbhUta padArtha kA zraddhAna karatA hai to bhI usakA samyagdarzana nahIM giratA kyoMki vaha to usako bhI paramAgama kA upadeza samajhakara zraddhAna karatA hai| parantu suttAdo taM sammaM darisijjaMtaM jadA Na sddhdi| so ceva havai micchAiTThI jIvo tado phudii||28|| go.jI.kA. sUtra (Agama) se samIcIna rUpa se dikhalAye gaye usa artha kA jaba vaha jIva zraddhAna nahIM karatA hai, usa samaya se yaha jIva mithyAdRSTi ho jAtA hai| arthAt usa padArtha ko Agama meM pramANa sahita galata dikhAye jAne para bhI yadi vaha usase zraddhAna nahIM chor3atA hai to vaha usI samaya se mithyAdRSTi ho jAtA hai|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 grantha-samIkSA -DaoN. Ananda kumAra jaina graMtha kA nAma- ahiMsA-vizvakoSa, prathama saMskaraNa-2010, saMpAdaka-zrI nandakizora AcArya, mUlya-1500, prakAzaka-prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, mudraka-sAMkhalA priMTarsa, AI.esa.bI.ena. naM. 978-81-89698-93-5 prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura ne eka bAra punaH apanI ciraparicita zailI kA prakAzana kiyA hai, jisakA nAma ahiMsA-vizvakoSa hai| zrI nandakizora AcArya kRta yaha mahanIya kArya zlAghya hai, jisakA lAbha ahiMsA-premiyoM ko nizcita hI hogaa| lagabhaga ATha sau pRSThIya yaha kRti kaI lekhakoM ke sasandarbha ciMtanAtmaka zodha-kArya kA navanIta hai, jisakI upayogitA sArvakAlika hai| __isameM ahiMsA para vibhinna dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki paurANika, aitihAsika, vaijJAnika, sAMskRtika, Adhunika, manovaijJAnika, pAzcAtya, dhArmika, anusaMdhAnAtmaka ityAdi kaI rItiyoM kA sammizraNa hai| pUrNatayA gadyAtmaka zailI kI yaha racanA ahiMsA ke saMpUrNa pakSoM ko svayaM meM sameTe hai| aitihAsika ke sAtha-sAtha zrutaparaMparA se prApta prAgaitihAsika kAla se lekara ikkIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke pramukha graMthoM evaM vidvAnoM ke dRSTikoNa ko saMpAdaka ne isameM suniyojita vidhi se prastuta kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM apitu isameM prasiddha ciMtakoM jaise zrI nandakizora AcArya, AcArya mahAprajJa, pro. pI.sI. jaina, pro. akhtarula vAtse, DaoN. tArA DAgA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, sA. vAmahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, DI. Ara. mehatA, pro. sAmadoga rinapoce, pro. prema sumana jaina, jasTisa pAnAcanda jaina ke lekhoM kA samucita saMgraha dRSTavya hai| kucha ubharatI naI pratibhAoM ko bhI isameM maukA milA hai jaise vandanA kuNDaliyA, supriyA pAThaka ityaadi| saMpAdaka ne aneka viSayoM para svayaM kI vartanI kA prabhAvaka prayoga kiyA hai sAtha hI hindI premiyoM ke liye kaI aMgrejI lekhoM kA sarasa hindI rUpAMtaraNa bhI diyA hai jaise lAsse nArDaluMDa, IthAna milara, viliyama bAskarana, mahAtmA gA~dhI, ruDI yasmA aadi| _isa saMkalana kI kucha maulika vizeSatAyeM haiM jisako prakAzita karanA pAThaka varga ke lie Avazyaka hai- yathA ahiMsA ko dharma vizeSa se mukta karake vizva-dharma ke rUpa meM sthApita kiyA hai| ahiMsA na kevala vedoM kA, na kevala jaina yA anya kisI kI adhikRta saMpatti hai apitu sabhI ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM cAhe AMzika ho yA pUrNa, isakA mahattva svIkArA hai| dUsarA bindu yaha hai ki prAyaH isa prakAra ke graMthoM meM viSaya punarukti kA doSa

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 hotA hai jo ki isameM alpa rUpa meM bhI parilakSita nahIM hotA hai| tRtIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki viSaya kalevara paryApta hone ke kAraNa pAThaka ko anya kisI graMtha ko jarUra dekhanA cAhegA, jo ki apekSita nahIM hai, itanA avazya hai ki saMdarbha kI jijJAsA se vaha kisI graMtha ko jarUra dekhanA cAhegA, jo ki apekSita bhI hai| cauthI vizeSatA yaha hai ki pAraMparika vidhA ko chor3akara, jisake kAraNa adhikAMza bhAga saMdarbha se hI paripUrita ho jAtA hai, isameM lekhakoM ne mAtra una saMdarbho ko AdhAra banAkara svayaM ke zabda diye haiM, jisase yaha saMkalana saMpuSTa hokara lekhakoM ke maulika ciMtana kA piTaka bana gayA hai| isI prakAra ke koza aparigraha, anekAnta, syAdvAda Adi viSayoM para bhI nirmita hone caahie| pustaka kI hArDa bAuMDa jilda isakI Ayu pradAtA hai, isake pRSTha bhI ucca takanIka se nirmita hone se TikAU haiN| jalda hI ise pustakAlayoM kA saubhAgya bananA cAhie jinase pAThakagaNa paryApta lAbha grahaNa kara skeN| yadi isakA aMgrejI rUpAMtaraNa ho sake to yaha antarrASTrIya stara para vidvat-bhogya ho skegii| prAkRta-adhyayana zodha kendra rASTriya saMskRta saMsthAna (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) jayapura parisara, jayapura (rAja.) dRr3hanizcayI: AcArya zAntisAgara mahArAja pitA ne kahA ki yadi muni hI bananA hai to merI mRtyu ke bAda bananA, usake pUrva nhiiN| sahaja svIkAra kara liyA ki ThIka hai| mana meM kiMcit bhI bhaya nahIM ki Aja vairAgya hai, kala rahe, na rahe, kala Ayu bace, na bace, jo uttama hai, use kala para na TAlo, abhI kara lo| kintu nahIM, sva ke prati aashvst|| kAla kI ora se nishciNt|| kitanoM ke bhItara palatI hai yaha AzvastatA/yaha nizciMtatA? nizcita hI biraloM ke bhItara hii|| jinako strI kA sparza to dUra, strI kI kalpanA bhI skhalita ho jAne ko mahAna kAraNa bhAsatI hai, unake lie to isa bAla brahmacArI kA jIvana parIkathAoM ke sadRza hai| yaha bAla brahmacArI arddha yAtrA meM thaka gaI eka vRddhA ko apane kAMdhe para lAda zikhara jI kI vaMdanA karavAtA hai| mAtra vRddha ko hI nahIM, apitu eka klAMta puruSa ko rAjagiri kii| mAno pITha para strI ho yA puruSa isase ise koI aMtara hI nahIM pdd'taa|| donoM ke prati eka hI bhAva/ eka se bhaav| donoM hI jIva aura donoM ko hI AvazyakatA isa samaya eka upakArI kii| aisA sahaja, svAbhAvika, nisargaja brahmacarya nizcita hI saMsAra meM durlabha hai| unakA gRhastha jIvana bhI kaThora svAnuzAsana kA uttama va durlabha udAharaNa rhaa|

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anekAnta 63/4, akTUbara-disambara 2010 vIra sevA maMdira mahAvIra jayantI ke avasara para anumodita prastAva para paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra ne 21 apraila san 1929 ko samaMtabhadrAzrama kI sthApanA kii| isa Azrama se anekAnta mAsika zodha patrikA kA prakAzana prArambha kiyA / lagabhaga eka varSa bAda isa saMsthA kA nAma badala kara vIra sevA maMdira kara diyA gyaa| vahA~ se zodha saMsthAna ke rUpa meM jaina sAhitya kI vibhinna zodha pravRttiyoM kA anusaMdhAna aura prakAzana hone lgaa| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke sambandhoM meM anveSaNa karane vAlI yaha eka pramukha saMsthA hai| 17 julAI san 1954 meM vIra sevA mandira vartamAna bhavana kA zilAnyAsa dariyAgaMja, dillI meM sampanna huaa| 12 julAI san 1957 ko isakA lokArpaNa kiyA gayA, saMsthA kA samRddha pustakAlaya evaM sarvazreSTha graMthoM kA bhaMDAra vidvAnoM ke anusaMdhAna hetu 28 julAI 1961 ko samAja ko samarpita kiyA gyaa| isa saMsthA ke sthApanA kAla meM nimna sadasyoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA jinameM paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra, bAbU choTelAla jaina, naMdalAla jaina sarAvagI, sAhU zAnti prasAda jaina, seTha mizrI lAla jaina, rAya bahAdura dayAcaMda jaina, rAya sAhaba ulaphatarAya jaina, lAlA rAjakizana jaina, zrI pannAlAla jaina, zrI raghuvIra dayAla jaina, zrI jugalakizora jaina kAgajI, zrI premacandra jaina jainA vaoNca, rAjavaida paM. mahAvIra prasAda jaina, zrI makkhanalAla jaina 'ThekedAra', zrImatI jayavaMtI devI jaina, zrI chAdAmI lAla jaina Adi pramukha haiN| vartamAna meM graMthAlaya meM prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI, aMgrejI evaM urdU Adi bhAratIya bhASAoM kI sAta hajAra se adhika prAcIna evaM navIna graMthoM kA saMgraha hai| isa pustakAlaya meM 167 hastalikhita grantha bhI haiM jinameM jyotiSa, Ayurveda va itara dharma zAstroM ke viSaya garbhita haiN| isake atirikta pustakAlaya meM tADapatroM para kAToM se ukere gae vasantatilaka, rAjA vijjala kathA evaM dhanyakumAra carita Adi hastalikhita grantha bhI surakSita haiN| isa pustakAlaya meM digambara graMthoM ke atirikta zvetAmbara jaina Agama graMtha, vaidika evaM bauddha sAhitya ke aneka mahattvapUrNa mudrita grantha bhI upalabdha haiN| saMsthA ke dvArA mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA prakAzana samaya-samaya para kiyA jAtA rahA hai| jinameM mukhyata: purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI, jaina lakSaNAvalI va aMgrejI bhASA meM bAbU choTelAla jaina dvArA racita jaina bibiliyogrAphI (do bhAga) hai| saMsthA ke dvArA 50 se bhI adhika grantha prakAzita hue haiN| saMsthA ke uddezyoM kI pUrti ke lie anekAnta zodha patrikA kA nirantara prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| saMsthA kI sAhityika gatividhiyoM ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane meM paM. padmacandra zAstrI kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| samaya-samaya para aneka AcAryoM aura muni mahArAjoM kA AzIrvAda evaM preraNA saMsthA ko prApta hotA rahA hai| yaha saMsthA aura graMthAgAra janahita ke sAtha-sAtha zodhArthiyoM ko bhI upayogI siddha hote rahe haiN| vIra sevA mandira pustakAlaya kA aneka bhAratIya aura videzI anusaMdhAnakartA apane anusaMdhAna hetu lAbha lene Ate rahate haiN| yahA~ Ane vAle zodhArthiyoM ke lie saMsthA meM jAti samudAya kA bhedabhAva kie binA Thaharane aura par3hane kI ni:zulka vyavasthA kI jAtI hai| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke sambandhoM meM anveSaNa karane vAlI yaha eka pramukha saMsthA hai|