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________________ pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA 74 pradhAna sampAdaka -pro0 sAgaramala jaina 2139 jaina mahApurANa kalAparaka adhyayana DaoN0 kumuda giri sacce logammi sArabhUyaM pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5 I PARSVANATHA SODHAFITHA, VARANASI-5
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________________ pAzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA 74 sampAdaka-DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana lekhikA DaoN0 kumuda giri pArzvanAtha vidyApITha vArANasI-221005 1995
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________________ bhAratIya itihAsa anusandhAna pariSad, naI dillI se prApta Arthika sahayoga se prakAzita isa grantha meM vyakta vicAra, niSkarSa evaM tathya pUrI taraha se lekhikA ke haiN| inake liye bhAratIya itihAsa anusandhAna pariSad, naI dillI kA koI dAyitva nahIM hai| prakAzaka evaM prApti-sthAna pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karaudI vArANasI-221005 dUrabhASa 311462 prathama saMskaraNa : 1995 malya-eka sau pacAsa rupaye (c) DaoN0 (zrImatI ) kumuda giri JAINA MAHAPURANA : KALAPARAKA ADHYAYANA Dr. ( Smt. ) Kumud Giri Parsvanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi-221005 Phone: 311462 First Edition 1995 Rs. 150/ mudraka : varddhamAna mudraNAlaya javAharanagara, vArANasI ,
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________________ prakAzakIya yadyapi jainadharma nivRttiparaka dharma hai phira bhI jaina AcAryoM ne kalA ke vikAsa ke kSetra meM, vizeSa rUpa se maMdira aura mUrti nirmANa kI kalA evaM citrakalA ke kSetra meM, jo viziSTa avadAna diyA hai use vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhAratIya kalA ke kSetra meM jainoM kA avadAna na kevala parimANa kI apekSA se apitu apanI kalAkRtiyoM kI zreSThatA kI apekSA se bhI advitIya hai / mathurA, devagar3ha, AbU, rANakapura aura jaisalamera kI jaina kalA kA na kevala bhArata meM apitu vizva meM bhI koI zAnI nahIM hai / jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM ne na kevala ina mahattvapUrNa kalAkRtiyoM ko sAkAra rUpa pradAna kiyA hai apitu kalA ke siddhAnta pakSa ko lekara bhI bahuta kucha likhA hai / jainakalA ke siddhAnta pakSa ko lekara uttara-madhyakAla meM aneka svatantra graMtha likhe gaye jaise - vardhamAnasUrikRta 'AcAradinakara', pAdaliptasUrikRta 'nirvANakalikA', nemicaMdrakRta 'pratiSThAtilaka', vasunandikRta 'pratiSThAsArasaMgraha' evaM AzAdharakRta 'pratiSThAsAroddhAra' Adi / ina svatantra graMthoM ko racanA ke pUrva bhI jainAcAryoM ne prasaMgAnusAra maMdira aura mUrtikalA ke saMdarbha meM paryApta rUpa se apanI lekhanI calAyI / jaina AgamoM meM sthAnAMga aura rAjapraznIya meM 'jina' maMdiroM kI racanA ke saMdarbha meM vistRta ullekha pAye jAte haiM / digambara paramparA meM AcArya jinasena ne apane mahApurANa meM jainakalA ke saMdarbha meM aneka tathyoM para prakAza DAlA hai / DaoN0 ( zrImatI ) kumuda giri kA jainakalA sambandhI zodhakArya isI graMtha para AdhArita hai / isa zodhakArya para unheM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya se pIeca0 DI0 kI upAdhi bhI prApta huii| unhoMne apanA yaha zodha-prabandha hamAre saMsthAna ko prakAzanArtha diyA etadarthaM hama unake vizeSa AbhArI haiM / prastuta kRti ke prakAzana hetu bhAratIya itihAsa anusaMdhAna pariSad, naI dillI kI ora se 12000 rupaye kA anudAna hameM prApta huA hai jisake liye hama pariSad ke prati AbhAra vyakta karate haiM / prastuta graMtha ke prakAzana, prUpharIDiMga Adi kAryoM meM hameM DaoN0 (zrImatI) kamala giri evaM DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI jI se vizeSa sahAyatA
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________________ v : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana milI hai, etadartha ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| isake prUpha saMzodhana kA to pUrA kArya DaoN0 kamala giri ne hI kiyA hai| isa graMtha ke liye citra hameM 'amerikana iMsTITyUTa Apha iMDiyana sTaDIja' evaM DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI se prApta hue haiM jisake liye hama unake AbhArI haiN| ___ saMsthAna ke nidezaka prophesara sAgaramala jaina, zodhAdhikArI DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha evaM DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ne isakI prakAzana sambandhI samasta vyavasthAoM ko pUrNa kiyA etadartha ve bhI dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| bhavadIya caitrazuklA trayodazI saM0 2052 bhUpendranAtha jaina maMtrI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha
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________________ upodghAta vigata kucha varSoM meM jaina dharma aura kalA ke vividha pakSoM para vistAra se kArya hae haiM jo vibhinna pustakoM evaM lekhoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha haiN| aise kAryoM meM kaI khaNDoM meM prakAzita jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha. jaina rUpamaNDana ( yU0 pI0 zAha ) aura bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI dvArA tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita jaina kalA va sthApatya sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| kucha vidvAnoM ne jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para sAMskRtika jIvana kA adhyayana bhI prastuta kiyA hai / jaina granthoM meM purANoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| brAhmaNa paramparA ke samAna hI jaina paramparA meM bhI vipula saMkhyA meM purANoM kI racanA kI gyii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM inheM carita yA caritra grantha kahA jAtA hai| IsA kI lagabhaga cauthI se pandrahavoM zatAbdI ke madhya aneka jaina purANoM yA carita granthoM kI racanA kI gayI, jo brAhmaNa purANoM ke samAna hI bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizvakoza haiM / jaina purANoM meM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se pUrva paramparA aura samakAlIna dhArmika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ko ujAgara karane ke sAtha hI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika aura kalAparaka viSayoM kI bhI savistara carcA kI gayI hai / ye kathAyeM aura inameM abhivyakta vivaraNa samakAlIna jIvana aura saMskRti ke vividha AyAmoM ko saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika donoM hI staroM para prastuta karatI haiM jinakI prAsaMgikatA aura vizvasanIyatA itihAsa-siddha hai / itihAsakAra aura zodhaprajJa ko kevala pUrvaparamparA evaM samakAlIna vyavahAra kI zRMkhalAoM ko samajhanA aura kAlakramAnusAra Abaddha karanA hotA hai| padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra jaise jaina granthoM para sAMskRtika jIvana ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa zodhakArya hue haiM, kintu unameM varNita kalAparaka sAmagrI kA adhyayana apekSita vistAra aura samIkSA kI dRSTi se abhI taka nahIM prastuta huA hai / ye purANa vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se apane samaya kI devamUrtiyoM evaM prasaMgavaza unake lakSaNoM, sthApatya ke vividha rUpoM, lokakalAoM ke vividha AyAmoM tathA natya, saMgIta, vAdya Adi se sambandhita
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________________ M: jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana AdhArabhUta sAmagrI prastuta karate haiM / ataH vyavasthita aura samagna dRSTi se purANoM ke adhyayana-vivecana dvArA adhyetA kalA ke saiddhAntika aura vyAvahArika donoM pakSoM kI yathArthaparaka samIkSA kara sakatA hai| sAtha hI anya sAkSyoM se upalabdha kalAviSayaka sAmagrI ke tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa dvArA eka vistRta pariprekSya meM na kevala jaina varan anya dharmoM ke sAtha bhI kalA ke stara para hone vAle samparka sAmaMjasya ko rekhAMkita kara sakatA hai| DaoN0 (zrImatI ) kumuda giri kI "jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana" zIrSaka prastuta pustaka isa dizA meM gambhIra aura sArthaka prayAsa hai| jainapurANoM meM mahApurANa niHsandeha sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aura vistRta hai jo AdipurANa evaM uttarapurANa ina do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| AdipurANa kI racanA jinasena na lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 ke pUrvArddha meM aura uttarapurANa kI racanA unake ziSya guNabhadra ne navIM zatI I0 ke anta yA 10vIM zato I0 ke prArambha meM kI thii| donoM purANoM ko saMyukta rUpa se mahApurANa kahA jAtA hai jinameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM, 12 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 nArAyaNa aura 9 pratinArAyaNa sahita kula 63 zalAkApuruSoM (zreSThajanoM) ke jIvanacarita kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa huA hai| sAtha hI vibhinna prasaMgoM meM yakSiyoM, vidyAdeviyoM, devatAoM ke cAra vargoM, lakSmI, sarasvatI, gaMgA, yamunA, indra, kAmadeva evaM lokaparamparA vAle devI-devatAoM ke nAmollekha tathA kabhI-kabhI mahattvapUrNa lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kI bhI carcA milatI hai| mahApurANa meM jainadharma evaM paramparA ke maulika tatvoM ke prati racanAkAroM kI pUrI AsthA aura pratibaddhatA ke sAtha hI unake udAra evaM vyApaka cintana kI dRSTi bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaha bAta vaidika aura jaina paramparA ke antaHsambandhoM evaM pArasparika samanvaya ke rUpa meM abhivyakta huI hai| RSabhanAtha ke stavana tathA anya tIrthaMkaroM ke vizeSaNoM ke sandarbha meM anekazaH ziva, viSNu, brahmA, sUrya, indra aura yahA~ taka ki bauddha devoM (buddha, siddhArtha, svayaMbuddha tathA akSobhya) ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| inameM sarvAdhika nAma ziva se sambandhita haiM jinameM yadA-kadA ziva ke lakSaNaparaka saMketa bhI nihita haiN| ina nAmoM meM zaMkara, ziva, mahezvara, mahAdeva, vizvamUrti, mRtyuJjaya, bhUtanAtha, aSTamUrti, hara, vAmadeva, sadyojAta, aghora, IzAna, trinetra, tripurAri, trilocana, jitamanmatha, kAmAri aura arddhanArIzvara mukhya haiM / ye nAma na
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________________ upodghAta : vii kevala RSabhadeva evaM ziva kI paurANika aura AdhArabhUta ekAtmakatA kA saMketa dete haiM, varan brAhmaNa paramparA ke sAtha pUrvamadhyakAla meM jainadharma ke sauhArdapUrNa sambandhoM ko bhI ujAgara karate haiN| ___ mahApurANa kI racanA rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa prathama evaM kRSNa dvitIya ke zAsana kAla evaM kSetra meM huii| ataH mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI kA spaSTataH samakAlIna rASTrakUTa kalAkendra elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra) kI jaina guphAoM ( guphA saMkhyA 30 se 34 ) kI mUrtiyoM se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai| viduSI lekhikA ne elorA kI jaina guphAoM evaM mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA yatheSTa prayAsa kiyA hai jisase prastuta pustaka ke mahattva evaM prAsaMgikatA meM vRddhi huI hai| elorA meM 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha aura gahanasAdhanA ke pratIka RSabhanAtha ke putra bAhubalI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiM jinake nirUpaNa meM spaSTataH mahApurANa ke vivaraNoM kA prabhAva parilakSita hai / prastuta pustaka meM uparyukta tathA anya kaI mahattvapUrNa pakSoM para vizleSaNAtmaka dRSTi se carcA kI gayI hai| mujhe prasannatA hai ki lekhikA merI zodhachAtrA rahI haiN| isa mahattvapUrNa gaveSaNAparaka pustaka ke lie maiM unheM AzIrvAda evaM badhAI detA huuN| mujhe pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka sambandhita kSetra meM adhyayana kI nUtana sambhAvanAoM kI dRSTi se eka zodhaparaka aitihAsika pustaka ke rUpa meM upayogI siddha hogii| rAmanavamI, DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI 9 apraila 1995 rIDara kalA-itihAsa vibhAga kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI
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________________ AbhAra prastuta pustaka gurujanoM, zubhacintakoM, mitroM tathA vibhinna saMsthAoM kI preraNA evaM sahayoga se hI pUrNa ho sakI hai, ataH yahAM una sabake prati AbhAra vyakta karanA apanA karttavya samajhatI hU~ / pustaka ko pUrNatA meM kArya prArambha se samApti taka satata utsAhavardhana, parAmarza, saMzodhana parimArjana evaM mArga darzana ke liye maiM guruvara DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI, rIDara, kalA - itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya kI ciraRNI rahU~gI / elorA kI jaina guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana - vivecana meM DaoN0 tivArI kI sahAyatA vizeSata: ullekhanIya hai / pustaka kA upodghAta likhakara unhoMne vizeSa kRpA kI hai jo mere lie unakA AzIrvAda hai / maiM una sabhI AcAryoM evaM lekhakoM kI bhI AbhArI hU~ jinakI kRtiyoM se mujhe prastuta pustaka ko pUrA karane meM sahAyatA milI hai, isa sandarbha meM kalA - itihAsa vibhAga ke sabhI gurujanoM ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatI hU~, jinakI preraNA evaM parAmarza mere kArya ko nirantara gati dete rahe haiM / grantha ke prakAzana ke nimitta vittIya sahayoga ke liye maiM bhAratIya itihAsa anusaMdhAna pariSad, naI dillI kI AbhArI hU~ | grantha prakAzanArthaM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vartamAna nAma pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko dhanyavAda detI hU~ / saMsthAna ke nidezaka DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina kI tatparatA se pustaka ke prakAzana ko vizeSa gati milI hai, etadartha meM unake prati AbhAra prakaTa karatI hU~ / varddhamAna mudraNAlaya, vArANasI bhI dhanyavAda kA pAtra hai jisane pATha aura citroM kA mudraNa kArya surucipUrNa DhaMga se sampanna kiyaa| citroM kI vyavasthA ke liye maiM amerikana insTITyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIja, vArANasI tathA guruvara DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI, rIDara, kalA - itihAsa vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya kI vizeSa rUpa se AbhArI hU~ / yaha pustaka mukhyataH jaina kalA aura itihAsa ke jijJAsu pAThakoM ke liye taiyAra kI gaI hai kintu vizvAsa hai ki zodha kI dRSTi se bhI pustaka kA upayoga hogA / vizvAsa hai ki sudhI pAThaka pustaka kI truTiyoM ko ora merA dhyAna AkRSTa karane kI kRpA kareMge, jisase bhaviSya meM pustaka meM samucita saMzodhana aura parimArjana meM sahayoga milegA / 'dayAghAma', sUryakuNDa, vArANasI kumuda giri
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________________ viSaya-sUcI viSaya prakAzakIya upodghAta AbhAra saMketa-sUcI prathama adhyAya : pUrvapIThikA mahApurANa kI viSaya vastu 9, mahApurANa ke racanAkAra evaM sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi-guru paramparA 18, sthAna vicAra 19, kAla vicAra 19, jinasena evaM guNabhadra kI racanAyeM 21, sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi rAjanItika 22, dhArmika 24, sAmAjika 26 / dvitIya adhyAya : jaina devakula 34-57 prArambhika kAla 34, zalAkApuruSa 35, kRSNabalarAma 37, lakSmI 37, sarasvatI 37, indra 38, naigameSI 38, yakSa 39, vidyAdeviyA~ 39, lokapAla 41, anya devatA 41, paravartI kAla 42, yakSa-yakSI 43, vidyAdeviyA~ 44, rAma aura kRSNa 45, bharata va bAhubalI 46, jinoM ke mAtA-pitA 46, dikpAla 47, navagraha 47, kSetrapAla 48, 64 yoginiyA~ 48, gaNeza 48, brahmazAnti yakSa 48, kapardI yakSa 49 / tRtIya adhyAya : tIrthakara ( jina ) 58-118 tIrthaMkara-caityavRkSa 61, RSabhanAtha (yA AdinAtha) 65, ajitanAtha 72, sambhavanAtha 75, abhinandana 76, sumatinAtha 77, padmaprabha 78, supArzvanAtha 79 candraprabhasvAmI 80, suvidhinAtha (yA puSpadanta ) 81, zItalanAtha 82, zreyAMsanAtha 83, vAsupUjya 84, vimalanAtha 85, anantanAtha 86, dharmanAtha 86, zAntinAtha 87, kunthunAtha 89, aranAtha 90,
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________________ x : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mallinAtha 91, munisuvrata 92, naminAtha 93, neminAtha ( yA ariSTanemi ) 94, pArzvanAtha 96, mahAvIra 102, pUrvakAlIna ( atIta ) tIrthaMkaroM kI sUcI 107, pazcAtkAlIna ( bhaviSya ke ) utsarpiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthaMkara 108 / caturtha adhyAya : zalAkApuruSa cakravartI 119, bharata cakravartI 119, sagara cakravartI 122, madhavA cakravartI 123, sanatkumAra cakravartI 123, subhauma cakravartI 124, padma cakravartI 124, hariSeNa cakravartI 125, jayasena cakravartI 125, brahmadatta cakravartI 126, balabhadra yA baladeva 126, nArAyaNa yA vAsudeva 127, pratinArAyaNa yA prativAsudeva 127, vijaya, tripRSTha aura azvagrIva 128, acala, dvipRSTha aura tAraka 129, dharma, svayambhU aura madhu 130, suprabha, pRruSottama evaM madhusUdana 130, sudarzana, puruSasiMha va madhukrIDa 131, nandiSeNa, puNDarIka aura nizumbha 131, nandimitra, datta aura balIndra 132, rAma (padma), lakSmaNa ( nArAyaNa ) aura rAvaNa 132, padma ( yA balarAma ), kRSNa aura jarAsandha 137 / paMcama adhyAya : yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyA devI 24 yakSa 150, 24 yakSiyA~ 150, gujarAta - rAjasthAna 152, uttara pradeza- madhya pradeza 152, bihAra- ur3IsA - baMgAla 153, cakrezvarI 153, ambikA 154, padmAvatI 155, kubera yA sarvAnubhUti yakSa 156, vidyAdeviyA~ 157 / SaSTha adhyAya : anya devI-devatA 119-146 147 - 164 165 - 189 bhavanavAsI deva 165, bhavanavAsI deva digambara va zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra 166, vyantara deva 166, jyotiSka deva 168, vaimAnika deva 168, loka evaM brAhmaNa paraMparA ke devI-devatA 168, indra 169, rudra 171, ziva 171, nArada 172,
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________________ viSaya-sUcI: kubera 173, kAmadeva 174, vAmanadeva 175, lakSmI 176, sarasvatI 177, hRda deviyA~ 177, gaMgA va sindhu devI 178, dikkumArI 178, nAgapUjA 179, gommaTezvara bAhubalI 179 / saptama adhyAya : sthApatya : mandira, samavasaraNa, rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavana 190-210 jaina mandira 191, samavasaraNa 197, bhavanoM ke pramukha aMga 203, bhavana ke prakAra aura svarUpa 204 / aSTama adhyAya : sAMskRtika jIvana 211-253 AbhUSaNa 212, AbhUSaNa nirmANa ke upAdAna 213, AbhUSaNoM ke prakAra 214, zirobhUSaNa 214, karNAbhUSaNa 215, kaSThAbhUSaNa 216, karAbhUSaNa 220, kaTiAbhUSaNa 221, pAdAbhUSaNa 222, vastra 223, vastra ke vibhinna prakAra evaM svarUpa 224, kezasajjA 228, prasAdhana 230, saMgIta 233, nRtya 237, dainika upayoga ke pAtra Adi 240 / upasaMhAra 254 pariziSTa-jaina mahApurANa pothIcitra sandarbha-sUcI citra-sUcI zabdAnukramaNikA zuddhipatra 294 267 m m 270 282 286
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________________ A0 sa0 i0 ai0 ri0 epi0 iNDi0 kA0 i0 I0 ja0 iM0 so0 A0 o0 ja0 o0 iM0 ja0 yU0 bAM0 jai0 ka0 sthA0 di0 pA0 Ti0 pU0 ni0 : pUrva nirdiSTa pu0 mu0 : punarmudrita ma0 je0 vi0 go0 ju0 vA0 : mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyUma, baMbaI ( bhAga 1, saM0 e0 ena0 upAdhye Adi ) zve0 saM0 pu0pa0 saMketa-sUcI : ArkiolaoNjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA - enuala riporTa : ipigrAphiyA iNDikA : kArpasa inskripzanma iNDikerama : jarnala oNva di iNDiyana sosAiTI A~va oriyaNTala ArTa ( kalakattA ) : jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTicyUTa oNva bar3audA : jarnala oNva di yUnivarsiTI oNva bAmbe : jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ( 3 khaNDa, saM0 amalAnaMda ghoSa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha ) : digambara : pAda-TippaNI : zvetAmbara : saMgrahAlaya purAtattva patrikA, lakhanaU /
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________________ prathama adhyAya pUrvapIThikA 24 tIrthaMkaroM yA jinoM kI kalpanA jainadharma kI dhurI hai jinheM devAdhideva bhI kahA gayA hai| vItarAgI jinoM ko gahana sAdhanA aura tyAga kI pratimUrti mAnA gayA hai| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra kAlacakra ke pratyeka avasarpiNI aura utsapiNI yugoM meM 24 jina hue jinake upadezoM (dharmadezanA) ko jinavANI kahA gayA hai| jinavANI aura tadnurUpa jaina sAhitya ke bhI kathA, gaNita, darzana aura cAritrya sambandhI sAhitya ke rUpa meM cAra vibhAga kiye gaye haiN| ina vibhAgoM meM kathA sAhitya ko sarvAdhika mahatva diyA gayA hai kyoMki vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se sAmAnya janatA meM dharma ko saralatA se aura vistRta paimAne para svIkRta aura lokapriya banAyA jA sakatA thaa| yaha sarvathA nivivAda hai ki kathA kisI bhI bAta ko rocaka banAne aura saralatA se lokamAnasa kI svIkRta pAne kA sAmarthya rakhatI hai| jainapurANa sAhitya vastutaH kathA sAhitya yA kathAnuyoga kA eka pramukha aMga hai|' AdipurANa ke kartA jinasena ne AdipurANa meM spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki jo prAcIna thA vahI purANa hai 'purAtanaM purANaM syAt / ___purANoM kI racanA brAhmaNa evaM jaina donoM dharmoM meM pracura saMkhyA meM kI gyii| ye purANa vastutaH bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizvakoza haiM jinameM vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se dhArmika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ke sAtha hI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, sAMskRtika, Arthika aura kalAparaka viSayoM kI vistArapUrvaka carcA milatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM aise granthoM ko carita yA caritra tathA digambara paramparA meM purANa kahA gayA hai / lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI I0 se 10vIM zatI I0 ke madhya vibhinna prArambhika jainapurANoM ko racanA kI gayI jinameM prAkRta paumacariya (vimalasUrikRta473 I0), padmapurANa ( raviSNakRta-678 I0 ), harivaMzapurANa (jinasenakRta-783 I0 ), saMskRta mahApurANa (jinasena evaM guNabhadrakRta-9vIM10vIM zatI I0 ) tathA apabhraMza mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta-la0 960 I0) vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| prArambhika jainapurANoM meM lokamAnasa meM pratiSThita rAma aura kRSNa se sambandhita rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata jaise brAhmaNa mahAkAvyoM ke anu
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________________ 2 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana karaNa para paumacariya evaM padmapurANa ( rAmacarita ) tathA harivaMzapurANa ( kRSNacarita ) kI racanA kI gyii| ina purANoM ke bAda 24 jinoM evaM anya zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita mahApurANoM yA caritagranthoM kI racanA huI / jaina purANoM meM mahApurANa sarvAdhika lokapriya aura vizad thaa| mahApurANa AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| AdipurANa kI racanA jinasena ne lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 ke madhya aura uttarapurANa kI racanA unake ziSya guNabhadra ne 9vIM zatI I0 ke anta yA 10vIM zatI I0 ke prArambha meM kii|2 mahApurANa meM jaina devakUla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM tathA 12 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa sahita kula tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM (zreSThajanoM ) ke jIvana carita ko vistArapUrvaka varNana huA hai| sAmAnya dhAraNA ke anusAra jisa grantha meM kisI eka zalAkApuruSa kA varNana hogA vaha purANa aura jisameM aneka zalAkApuruSoM kA ullekha hogA vaha mahApurANa kahA jaaegaa| __vidvAnoM dvArA kisI vizeSa jaina purANa yA purANoM ke AdhAra para sAMskRtika adhyayana se sambandhita kaI mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye gaye haiM kintu abhI taka kisI carita yA purANa sAhitya ke AdhAra para kalAparaka adhyayana kA koI samucita prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM sAMskRtika jIvana ke vibhinna pakSoM ke sAtha hI kalAparaka sAmagrI bhI prabhUta parimANa meM milatI hai jinakA jaina mUrtikalA evaM sthApatya ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai, kyoMki ina granthoM ke AdhAra para hI tIrthaMkaroM evaM jaina devakula ke anya devoM kA mUla svarUpa nirdhArita huA aura unheM mUrta abhivyakti milii| kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se AdipurANa evaM uttarapurANa arthAt mahApurANa (digambara paramparA) kI sAmagrI kA vizeSa mahattva hai kyoMki unakA racanAkAla ( 9vIM-10vIM zatI I0 ) tIrthaMkaroM sahita anya zalAkApuruSoM tathA jaina devoM ke svarUpa yA lakSaNa nirdhAraNa kA kAla thaa| ina granthoM kI racanA ke bAda hI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM nirvANakalikA ( pAdaliptasUrikRtala0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0), mantrAdhirAjakalpa ( sAgaracandrasUrikRta12vIM-13vIM zatI I0 ), pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ( vasunandikRta-la0 12vIM zatI I0), pratiSThAsAroddhAra ( AzAdharakRta-1228 I0), AcAradinakara ( vardhamAnasUrikRta-1412 I0) evaM pratiSThAtilakam ( nemicandrakRta-1543 I0) jaise zilpazAstrIya granthoM kI racanA huI jinameM jaina ArAdhyadevoM ke pratimAlakSaNa kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa huaa|
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________________ pUrvapIThikA : 3 mahApurANa meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana carita ke vistRta ullekha ke sandarbha meM neminAtha dvArA vivAha pUrva dIkSA lene tathA pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA ke samaya upasthita kiye gaye upasargoM kA vistRta ullekha huA hai jinake AdhAra para vibhinna sthaloM para ina kathA prasaMgoM kA vistRta aMkana kiyA gayA / RSabhanAtha ke putra bharata aura bAhubalI ke madhya hae dvandva-yuddha tathA yuddha meM vijayI hone ke bAda bAhubalI dvArA dIkSA lene aura kaThina sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA dvArA kevala-jJAna prApta karane tathA kaThina sAdhanA ke kAraNa hI tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna pratiSThA prApta karane ke ullekha aura unake AdhAra para mathurA, devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM elorA meM bAhubalI kI vipula mUrtiyoM kA ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI latA-vallari ke atirikta vRzcika, chipakalI, sarpa evaM mRga jaise jIva-jantu bhI zarIra para dikhAye gaye haiM aura tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke samAna unake aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM kucha udAharaNoM ( devagar3ha, khajurAho ) meM zAsana-devatAoM ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSI yugala kA bhI utkIrNana huA hai| mahApurANa meM Aye vidyAdevI ke ullekha bhI kAlAntara meM unake zilpAMkana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / rAmakathA evaM neminAtha ke sAtha cacere bhrAtAoM ke rUpa meM balarAma aura kRSNa ke ullekha ne khajurAho ( pArzvanAtha mandira ), devagar3ha ( mandira 2 evaM mandira 12 kI cahAradIvArI ) tathA mathurA meM rAma evaM neminAtha ke sAtha balarAma-kRSNa ke nirUpaNa kA AdhAra prastuta kiyaa| jinoM ke janma ke pUrva unakI mAtAoM ne 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA darzana kiyA thA jinakA khajurAho evaM devagar3ha ke digambara mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM para pAramparika krama meM aMkana huA hai| ___ mahApurANa meM sarasvatI evaM lakSmI ke atirikta loka paramparA meM mAnya zrI, dhRti, buddhi, kIrti jaisI deviyoM ke ullekha bhI mahatvapUrNa haiM / sAtha hI brAhmaNa paramparA ke kaI anya devoM kI carcA, vizeSataH tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ke 1008 nAmoM se stavana ke sandarbha meM ziva, brahmA evaM viSNu ke aneka nAmoM ke ullekha dhArmika sAmaMjasya kI dRSTi se atIva mahattva ke haiN| ina nAmoM meM svayaMbhU, zambhU, zaMkara, jagannAtha, sadyojAta, lakSmIpati, trinetra, jitamanmatha, tripurAri, trilocana, dhAtA, brahmA, ziva, IzAna, hiraNyagarbha, vizvamUrti, bhUtanAtha, vidhAtA, mRtyuMjaya, pitAmaha, mahezvara, .
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________________ 4 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mahAdeva, kAmAri evaM caturAnana mukhya haiN| sAtha hI indra ( mahendra sahasrAkSa ), sUrya (Aditya), kubera, vAmana deva, rAma, kRSNa, indrANI evaM vindhyavAsinI devI ke nAmollekha bhI ullekhanIya haiM / " bauddha devakula se sambandhita buddha, siddhArtha, svayaMbuddha tathA akSobhya jaise nAma bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / bhagIratha aura gaMgA tathA ziva ke sthAna para indra ke tANDava nRtya ke sandarbha bhI brAhmaNa paramparA ke anukaraNa kI dRSTi se ullekhya haiM / isI prakAra solaha saMskAroM tathA varNoM kI carcA sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / prastuta pustaka meM mahApurANa kI sAmagrI ke avagAhana aura adhyayana ke AdhAra para usameM upalabdha kalAparaka sAmagrI kA vistRta ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI pUrvavartI ( paumacariya, padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa) evaM samakAlIna tathA paravartI digambara granthoM kI sAmagrI se usakI tulanA karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA gayA hai jisase mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI kA mahattva pUrI taraha spaSTa ho sake / AvazyakatAnusAra tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita zvetAmbara paramparA ke carita granthoM (trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra - hemacandrakRta - 12vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArddha ) se bhI mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI kI tulanA kI gayI hai jisase donoM paramparAoM meM vibhinna sandarbhoM meM milane vAlI samAnatA aura antara spaSTa ho sakeM / isa tulanA se hI yaha spaSTa huA ki digambara paramparA meM mallinAtha ko nArI tIrthaMkara nahIM batAyA gayA hai aura bAhubalI kaivalya prApti ke pUrva unake samIpa unakI bahanoM-- brAhmI evaM sundarI ke sthAna para vidyAdhariyA~ AyI thIM / inhIM vidyArdhAriyoM ne unake zarIra se lipaTI latAvallariyoM ko haTAyA thaa| mahApurANa ke uparyukta sandarbha kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI bAdAmI, ayahola, elorA, devagar3ha evaM khajurAho jaise digambara sthaloM kI bAhubalI kI mUrtiyoM meM donoM pAvoM meM bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI latA- vallariyoM ko haTAtI huI vidyAdhariyoM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI ukerI haiN| mahApurANa kI racanA rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa - prathama evaM kRSNadvitIya ke zAsanakAla aura kSetra meM huI thI, ataH usakI kalAparaka sAmagrI kA rASTrakUTa kalA kendra elorA kI jaina guphAoM (saM0 30-34) kI mUrtiyoM kI zAstrIya aura sAhityika pRSThabhUmi kI dRSTi se bhI vizeSa mahattva hai / jJAtavya hai ki mahApurANa evaM elorA kI jaina guphAyeM
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________________ pUrvapIThikA : 5 samakAlIna ( 9vIM-10vIM zatI ) aura digambara paramparA se sambaddha haiN| ataH mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI ke elorA kI jaina guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM se tulanA kA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| elorA kI mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI kI kaThina sAdhanA ke prasaMga meM unake zarIra se mAdhavI kA lipaTanA evaM sarpa, vRzcika, chipakalI tathA mRga jaise jIva-jantuoM kA zarIra para yA samIpa vicaraNa karate hue aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM zambara ( kamaTha yA meghamAlI ) ke vistRta upasargoM ke ukerana spaSTataH mahApurANa ke ullekhoM se nirdiSTa haiN| __ brAhmaNa evaM bauddha dharmoM tathA kalA kI tulanA meM jainadharma aura kalA para kucha varSoM pUrva taka niHsandeha bahuta kama kArya huA thA, jabaki jaina sAhitya aura kalA brAhmaNa evaM bauddha sAhitya aura kalA ke samAna hI samRddha hai| jaina dharma aura sAhitya para prArambhika kintu mahattvapUrNa kArya jI0 byUhalara ( oNna di iNDiyana sekTa oNpha di jainaz2a, 1903 ), esa0 sTIvensana (di hArTa oNpha di jainiz2ama, 1915 ), e0 DI0 pusAlakara (di ez2a oNpha impIriyala yUniTI, 1951, di klAsikala eja, 1954, di ez2a oNpha impIriyala kannauja, 1955 evaM di sTragala phAra ampAyara, 1957), nAthUrAma premI ( jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, 1956 ), ema0 vinTaraniTaz2a ( e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, khaNDa-2), hIrAlAla jaina ( bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, 1962), kailAzacandra zAstrI ( jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, 1963 ), jyotiprasAda jaina (di jaina sorseja oNpha di hisTrI oNpha ainziyanTa iNDiyA, 1964 ) aura becaradAsa dozI ( jaina sAhitya kA bRhat itihAsa, 1966) ke haiN| ina prArambhika granthoM meM vidvAnoM ne vibhinna zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke granthoM kI viSaya sAmagrI aura unake AdhAra para jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke vividha pakSoM kI vyAkhyA kA prayAsa kiyA hai| inhIM prArambhika varSoM meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha tathA ahamadAbAda, zAntiniketana, zolApura, bambaI, bar3audA ke vibhinna jaina tathA bhAratIya saMskRti se sambandhita samitiyoM evaM saMgaThanoM ne aneka mahattvapUrNa jaina granthoM ke anuvAda sahita prakAzana kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa tathA bar3audA ke gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala saMsthAna ne chaH khaNDoM meM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra kA helena ema0 jaoNnasana dvArA kiyA gayA anuvAda prakAzita kiyaa| zAntiniketana se siMghI jaina granthamAlA ke antargata jinavijayamuni dvArA sampAdita
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________________ : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana prabhAvakacarita, prabandhacintAmaNi evaM vividhatIrthaMkalpa jaise mahattvapUrNaM grantha prakAzita hue / uparyukta mahattvapUrNa jaina granthoM ke vyAkhyA - anuvAda sahita prakAzana ke phalasvarUpa jaina dharma aura saMskRti tathA kalA ke mahattva aura vistAra kI jAnakArI bar3hI aura vidvAnoM ko ina viSayoM para Age zodha ke liye AkRSTa karane lagI / isake bAda vibhinna kSetroM meM kisI eka tIrthaMkara yA mahApuruSa ( zalAkApuruSa ) se sambandhita purANa yA tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita mahApurANoM evaM caritagranthoM kA prakAzana huaa| sAtha hI jaina kalA aura pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se kaI mahattvapUrNa zvetAmbara aura digambara zilpazAstroM yA pratiSThAgranthoM kA bhI prakAzana huA jinase jaina sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA ke adhyayana kA vistAra huA / ina granthoM meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM yA sIdhe tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatAoM, aSTaprAtihAryo, 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM evaM zAsana devatAoM ( yakSa-yakSI ) tathA mahAvidyAoM ( vidyAdevI ) aura navagrahoM, aSTadikpAloM, gaNeza, brahmazAnti yakSa, lakSmI, sarasvatI, rAma, kRSNa, indra, brahmazAnti evaM karpAda yakSa evaM anya kaI sahAyaka jaina devI-devatAoM ke nAmollekha tathA lakSaNaparaka ullekha milate haiM / aise granthoM meM bappa - bhaTTisUri kI caturviMzatikA ( 8vIM zatI I0), zobhanamuni kI stuti - caturviMzatikA ( la0 973 I0 ), vivecya grantha AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa ( 9vIM - 10vIM zatI I0 ), hemacandra kRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( 12vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArddha), pAdaliptasUrikRta nirvANakalikA ( la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI I0), vasunandIkRta pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ( 12vIM zatI I0 ), AzAdhara kRta pratiSThAsAroddhAra (1228 I0 ), vardhamAnasUri kRta AcAradinakara ( 1412 I0 ) evaM nemicandra kRta pratiSThAtilakama ( 1543 I0 ) mukhya haiM / jaina pratiSThA granthoM ke atirikta aparAjita pRcchA ( 13vIM zatI I0 ), rUpamaNDana evaM devatAmUrtiprakaraNa ( 15vIM - 16vIM zatI I0 ) jaise jainetara granthoM meM bhI jaina pratimAlakSaNa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha milate haiM / vibhinna kathAparaka purANa evaM carita granthoM, zilpazAstroM aura vibhinna purAsthaloM ke AdhAra para 20vIM zatI I0 ke prArambha se hI vibhinna vidvAnoM dvArA aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye gaye haiM jinameM vinseTa smitha (di jaina stUpa aiNDa adara ainTikvITIz2a aiTa mathurA ), jI0 byUhalara, DI0 0 Ara0 bhaNDArakara (di Tempulsa oNpha osiyA~ evaM jaina
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________________ pUrvapIThikA : 7 AikanogrAphI-1905-09), Ara0 pI0 candA ( jaina rImensa aiTa rAjagIra, 1925-26 ), eca0 ema0 jaoNnasana ( zvetAmbara jaina AikanogrAphI), To0 ena0 rAmacandrana (tisparutikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempulsa1924, jaina mAnyameNTsa aiNDa pleseja oNva pharsTa klAsa impArTansa1944 ), bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya (jaina AikanogrAphI, 1939 ), eca0 DI0 sAMkaliyA ( jaina AikanogrAphI-1939-40, jaina yakSaja aiNDa yakSiNIja, jaina mAnyumeNTsa phrAma devagar3ha-1941 ), ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI, Ara0 sI0 agravAla, debalA mitrA ( zAsanadevIz2a ina khaNDagiri kevsa), vI0 esa0 agravAla ( keTalAga oNva di mathurA myujiyama, mathurA, AyAgapaTaz2a, e noTa oNna di gaoNDa naigameSI-1947), klAjabrana (di jina imejeja oNva devagar3ha-1969), bAlacandra jaina ( jaina pratimAvijJAna1974 ), Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana ( ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kevsa-1962, AikanogrAphI oNva di hindUja buddhisTa aiNDa di jainsa-1972) tathA bI0 ena0 zarmA ( jaina pratimAe~-1979) Adi ke kArya ullekhanIya haiN| jaina kalA ke vibhinna pakSoM para sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa kArya yU0 pI0 zAha aura mArutinandana tivArI ne kiye haiN| zAha ne kaI pustakoM ( sTaDIz2a ina jaina ArTa-1955; akoTA bronjez2a-1959; jaina rUpamaNDana1987 ) ke atirikta 16 mahAvidyAoM, jaina yakSI cakrezvarI, padmAvatI tathA bAhubalI, sarasvatI, ambikA, naigameSI, upadevatAoM, brahmazAnti yakSa Adi para atyanta mahattvapUrNa lekha bhI prakAzita kiye haiN| isI prakAra mArutinandana tivArI ne bhI cAra pustakoM ( jaina pratimAvijJAna-1981; elimeNTsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI-1983; khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva1987; ambikA ina jaina ArTa eNDa liTarecara-1989 ) ke atirikta khajurAho, devagar3ha, elorA, kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A, matharA, rAjagira Adi sthaloM kI jina, yakSa-yakSI, mahAvidyA, bAhubalI, sarasvatI, bharata cakravartI, aSTa-dikpAla, brahmazAnti yakSa evaM vaiSNava mUrtiyoM para kaI mahattvapUrNa lekha likhe haiN| ina donoM vidvAnoM ne sAhityika evaM pratimAzAstrIya granthoM ke AdhAra para vibhinna devasvarUpoM ke vikAsa ko nirUpita kiyA hai aura vibhinna purAsthaloM kI sAmagrI se unakI yatheSTa vivecanAtmaka tulanA bhI kI hai| isa prakAra unake kAryoM meM jaina deva mUrtiyoM kA vikAsa aitihAsika dRSTi se prastuta huA hai| DablyU nArmana
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________________ 8 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana brAuna, e0 ke0 kumArasvAmI, motIcandra evaM sarayU doSI ne jaina citroM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| jaina sthApatya evaM vibhinna kSetroM ke jaina mandiroM para bhI kaI vidvAnoM ne bRhat kArya kiye haiM jinameM delavAr3A, kumbhAriyA, khajurAho, gyArasayura, devagar3ha, elorA evaM ur3IsA para mani zrI jayantavijaya (holI AbU1954 ), ema0 e0 DhAkI ( sama arlI jaina Tempulsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA1968 ), kRSNadeva (di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA1959, mAlAdevI Tempulsa, aiTa gyArasapura-1968), Ara0 esa0 gupte aura bI0 DI0 mahAjana ( ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kevsa1962 ), kAMtilAla phUlacanda somapurA (di sTrakcarala Tempulsa oNva gujarAta-1968 ) evaM harihara siMha (jaina Tempulsa A~va vesTarna iNDiyA1982) ke kArya sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| varSa 1975 meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha ne amalAnanda ghoSa ke sampAdakatva meM jaina kalA evaM sthApatya ke vibhinna pakSoM para aneka vidvAnoM dvArA likhe lekhoM ko tIna khaNDoM meM hindI aura aMgrejI meM prakAzita kiyA hai jo niHsandeha aba taka kA sarvAdhika vistRta aura mahattvapUrNa kArya hai| vibhinna kalAparaka adhyayana ke sAtha hI vidvAnoM ne uttara evaM dakSiNa bhArata tathA rAjasthAna, bihAra, ur3IsA meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa para bhI kArya kiyA jinameM sI0 je0 zAha ( jainiz2ama ina nArtha iNDiyA1932), pI0 bI0 desAI ( jainiz2ama ina sAUtha iNDiyA eNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa-1963 ), pI0 sI0 rAya caudharI ( jainiz2ama ina bihAra1956 ), ke0 sI0 jaina ( jainiz2ama ina rAjasthAna-1963) evaM hastImala ( jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa-1971 ) ke kArya sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiN| vibhinna kSetroM ke jaina abhilekhoM aura unameM prApta kalAparaka sUcanAoM para jI0 byUhalara ( jaina iMskripzansa phrAma mathurA-epigrAphiyA iNDikA-1892), vI0 esa0 agravAla (sama AikanogrAphika ' Tarsa phrAma jaina iMskripzansa-1939-40 ), po0 sI0 nAhara ( jaina iMskripzansa1918), vijayamUrti ( jaina zilAlekha saMgraha-1952), evaM gulAbacandra caudharI (paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja1963 ) jaise vidvAnoM ke kArya ullekhanIya haiN|
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________________ pUrvapIThikA: 9 vArANasI ke pArzvanAtha jaina zodha saMsthAna ne kaI khaNDoM meM jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa prakAzita kara jaina adhyayana ko Age bar3hAne kA AdhAra diyA hai| sAtha hI harivaMzapurANa, yazastilaka, samarAiccakahA, bhagavatIsUtra, AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, rAyapaseNiya, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra jaise jaina granthoM ke AdhAra para sAMskRtika itihAsa lekhana ke kaI mahanIya prayAsa je0 sI0 sikdara ( bhagavatIsUtra ), gokulacandra jaina ( yazastilaka - 1967), maMju zarmA (triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra- aprakAzita), premacanda jaina (harivaMzapurANa ), nemicandra zAstrI ( AdipurANa ), ramezacandra zarmA (rAyapaseNiya ), jhinakU yAdava ( samarAiccakahA ), siddhanAtha jhA ( AdipurANa) evaM devI prasAda mizra ( jaina purANoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana - 1988 ) dvArA kiye gaye haiM, kintu jaina mahApurANa yA zvetAmbara paramparA ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra jaise granthoM kI kalAparaka sAmagrI para adyatana koI kArya nahIM huA hai jabaki prArambhika pRSThoM ke ullekhoM se yaha sarvadA spaSTa hai ki elorA evaM anya digambara sthaloM para hone vAle zilpAMkana meM viSayavastu evaM lakSaNa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se jinasena ke AdipurANa evaM guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa kI AdhArabhUta bhUmikA rahI hai / isI prakAra hemacandra kRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra kA pazcima bhArata ke zvetAmbara sthaloM - delavAr3A, (vimalavasahI lUNavasahI ), kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA, sAdar3I, ghaNerAva kI mUrtiyoM ke ukerana meM aham bhUmikA rahI hai / mahApurANa kI viSaya vastu : purAtanaM purANaM syAt tanmahanmahadAzrayAt 1 mahabhdirupadiSTavAtmahAyo'nuzAsanAt // mahApuruSasambandhi mahAbhyudayazAsanam / mahApurANamAnnAtamata etanmaharSibhiH || mahApurANa meM mahApuruSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isakA adhyayana mahAn abhyudaya svarga - mokSAdi kalyANoM kA kAraNa hai isI kAraNa maharSi loga ise mahApurANa mAnate haiM / mahApurANa kI uparyukta paribhASA svayaM isake karttA jinasena ne AdipurANa ke prathama parva meM dI hai / jinasena ne Age yaha bhI likhA haiki RSi-praNIta hone ke kAraNa mahApurANa 'ArSa', sundara bhASA meM varNita hone ke kAraNa 'sUkta' tathA dharmopadeza se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa 'dharma
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________________ 10 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana zAstra bhI mAnA gayA hai / ' ' iti iha AsIta' yahA~ aisA huA aisI aneka kathAoM kA isameM nirUpaNa hone ke kAraNa RSigaNa ne ise 'itihAsa', 'itivRtta', aura 'aitihya' bhI kahA hai / " jinasena ne AdipurANa ke viSayavastu ke sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai ki devaguru zAstra ke stavanoM dvArA maMgalarUpa satkriyA ko karake maiM tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM se saMbaMdhita purANa kA saMgraha karU~gA tathA tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM, balabhadroM, nArAyaNoM aura unake zatruoM - pratinArAyaNoM kA bhI purANa kahU~gA / " jinamena dvArA dI gayI mahApurANa kI paribhASA aura usakI viSaya-vastu se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki purANa ke nAyaka ve hI mahApuruSa ho sakate haiM jinake caritra pUrvaM paramparAnusAra lokaprasiddha haiM tathA jinake dvArA lokajIvana kA utkarSaM tathA abhyudaya sambhava hai / 12 isa prakAra 'triSaSTilakSaNa - mahApurANa saMgraha' aparanAma mahApurANa prAcIna kAla kA eka mahAna AkhyAna hai / mahApurANa jaina purANazAstroM meM mukuTa-maNi rUpa tathA Age ke jaina sAhitya ke liye AdhAra svarUpa hai / yaha eka paurANika mahAkAvya hai aura isake aneka khaNDa saMskRta kAvya ke sundara udAharaNa haiM / isa purANa meM kavi ne 67 vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai kintu AdipurANa meM adhikAMzata: anuSTupa chanda hI prayukta haiM / 3 digambara jainoM ke liye yaha eka aisA vizvakoza hai jisase tatkAlIna bhaugolika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, Arthika, dhArmika, dArzanika, sAMskRtika evaM jaina kalA ke sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa vistRta sUcanAe~ prApta hotI haiM / AdipurANa ke sampAdaka pannAlAla jaina ke anusAra saMskRta sAhitya ke anupama ratnasvarUpa AdipurANa eka mahAkAvya, dharmakathA, dharmazAstra, rAjanItizAstra, AcArazAstra aura yuga kI AdyavyavasthA ko batalAne vAlA mahAna itihAsa hai / 14 jisa prakAra bahumUlya ratnoM kA utpatti sthAna samudra hai, usI prakAra sUkta ratnoM ke bhaNDAra svarUpa yaha mahApurANa zravya hai, vyutpannabuddhi vAloM ke liye grahaNa karane yogya hai tathA atizaya lalita hai / " isa mahApurANa meM kAvyAtmaka varNanoM, dhArmika pravacanoM, naitika upadezoM, rUr3higata svapnoM, nagara yojanAoM evaM kalAtmaka pakSoM ke varNana kA koI bhI pakSa achUtA nahIM rahA hai / mahApurANa kI racanA meM jinasena va guNabhadra ne Agamika paramparA tathA yativRSabhakRta tiloya paNati evaM kaviparameSThIkRta vAgarthasaMgraha jaisI Agamottara racanAoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai / 16
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________________ pUrvapIThikA: 11 jinasena ne mahApurANa meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, rAjanItika evaM dhArmika paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue brAhmaNa devI-devatAoM va karmakANDoM kA jainIkaraNa bhI kiyA hai jisake phalasvarUpa varNavyavasthA aura 16 saMskAroM kA ullekha huA / isameM prakRti citraNa ke sAtha-sAtha zRMgAra, zAnta, vIra, karuNa evaM raudra jaise vibhinna rasoM, alaMkAroM, upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, parisaMkhyA arthAntaranyAsa, kAvyaliMga tathA vyatireka Adi kA paryApta upayoga kiyA gayA hai / 7 rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata viSayaka prAraMbhika jaina ( paumacariya, padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa ) racanAoM ke bAda triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM ke caritra se sambandhita mahApurANoM kI racanA kA krama Arambha huA ! triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM kA ullekha vibhinna jaina AgamoM tathA anya granthoM jaise samavAyAMgasUtra, jJAtadharmakathA, kalpasUtra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti, trilokaprajJapti Avazyaka niyukticUrNa, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya evaM vasudevahiNDI meM milatA hai| isameM inheM uttamapuruSa kahA gayA hai aura inakI saMkhyA24 tIrthaMkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 baladeva ko milAkara kevala 54 hI batAyI gayI hai / kintu jinasena va guNabhadra ne mahApurANa meM. 9 pratinArAyaNa ko bhI sammilita karake 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / " Age calakara isI mahApurANa ke AdhAra para purANasArasaMgraha, caturviMzatijinendracaritra, triSaSTismRti, tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra jaise grantho kI racanA kI gayI / 19 AdipurANa meM mukhya rUpa se prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva evaM unake putra bharata cakravartI ke carita kA hI vistArapUrvaka varNana huA hai / uttarapurANa meM ajitanAtha ko Adi lekara 23 tIrthaMkaroM, sagara ko Adi lekara 11 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 nArAyaNa aura 9 pratinArAyaNa tathA unake kAla meM hone vAle anya viziSTa puruSoM ke carita varNita haiM / tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue jinasena va guNabhadra ne brAhmaNa paramparA meM lokapriya rAma, kRSNa, viSNu, brahmA, ziva, sUrya, indra 20 jaise devoM tathA zrI, buddhi, sarasvatI, gaMgA va sindhu jaisI deviyoM" ko mahApurANa meM sthAna dekara dhArmika samanvaya kA bhAva darazAyA hai| AdipurANa ke viSayavastu kI vyApakatA ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue pannAlAla jaina kA kathana hai ki jo anyatra granthoM meM pratipAdita hai vaha isameM bhI prati - pAdita hai aura jo isameM pratipAdita nahIM hai vaha anyatra kahIM bhI prati - pAdita nahIM hai / 22
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________________ 12 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mahApurANa meM kula 19207 zloka haiM jinameM se 11429 AdipurANa meM aura 7778 uttarapurANa meM haiM / mahApurANa kA sampUrNa AkhyAna mahArAja zreNika ke praznoM ke uttara ke rUpa meM gautama gaNadhara ke mukha se prasUta huA hai| saMkSepa meM AdipurANa va uttarapurANa kI viSayavastu 77 paryoM meM isa prakAra hai AdipurANa ke prathama do parva prastAvanA ke rUpa meM haiM jinameM jinasena ne kavi, mahAkavi, kAvya, mahAkAvya tathA mahApurANa kI paribhASA dete hue AdipurANa kI aitihAsikatA batalAyI hai| tIsare parva meM utsarpiNI tathA avasarpiNI kAla, bhogabhUmi tathA kulakaroM Adi kI utpatti evaM nAmAvalI kA varNana huA hai| cauthe parva meM adholoka, tiryakloka aura Urdhvaloka ke bheda se loka ke tIna bhedoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|23 5veM se 11veM paryoM meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke dasa pUrvabhavoM kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana hai| 12 se 15 paryoM meM RSabhadeva ke cyavana, janma, bAlyAvasthA, yauvana, vivAha tathA bharata cakravartI ke janma kA sundara va vizad varNana huA hai| bArahaveM parva meM RSabhadeva ke pitA va aMtima kulakara nAbhirAja evaM mAtA marudevI ke saundarya va indra dvArA nirmita ayodhyA nagarI kI zobhA kA sundara varNana milatA hai jo jaina sthApatya para prakAza DAlatA hai / 24 isI parva meM marudevI dvArA dekhe gaye 16 zubhasvapnoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai jo paramparAgata mAMgalika svapnoM ke mahattva para prakAza DAlatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki khajurAho, devagar3ha tathA anya sabhI digambara sthaloM para 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA zilpAMkana huA hai| isameM zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, baddhi evaM lakSmI jaisI deviyoM evaM indra Adi devatAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 26 14veM parva meM indra dvArA kiye gaye tANDava nRtya tathA vibhinna kinnara deviyoM va apsarAoM dvArA kiye gaye anya nRtyoM evaM vibhinna vAdyoM ke vAdana se sandarbhita ullekha haiM jo tatkAlIna nRtya va saMgIta jaise lalitakalA aura jJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / 27 indra ke tANDava nRtya kA sandarbha spaSTataH naTeza ziva ke nRtya se saMbaMdhita hai| 16veM parva meM RSabhadeva kI rAniyoM se bAhubalI Adi anya putroM evaM brAhmI tathA sundarI nAmaka putriyoM ke janma tathA RSabhadeva dvArA asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya, vidyA va zilpa ina chaH AjIvikAoM evaM kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra varNoM kI sthApanA kA ullekha pUrva paramparA para
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________________ pUrvapIThikA : 13 AdhArita sAmAjika vyavasthA para prakAza DAlatA hai / 2" kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vRSabhanAtha dvArA zilpa kI prathama zikSA kA sandarbha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / 17 veM parva meM nRtyarata nIlAMjanA apsarA kI mRtyu se RSabhadeva ke mana meM nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti kA bhAva Ane evaM dIkSA lene kA ullekha hai / 29 jJAtavya hai ki kuSANakAla meM hI nIlAMjanA ke nRtya zilpAMkita kiyA gayA hai jisakA udAharaNa mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA se milA hai ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, kramAMka je0 354 ) / 18veM se 20 veM parva ke antargata jinasena ne RSabhadeva ke 6 mAha ke yoga dhAraNa karane, hastinApura ke mahArAja zreyAMza ke yahA~ ikSurasa kA AhAra lene evaM tapazcaraNa Adi kA varNana kiyA hai / 19veM parva meM dharandra dvArA nami-vinami ko vibhinna vidyAe~ pradAna karane tathA vijayArdha - parvata kI zobhA kA sundara varNana huA hai / 21 se 23 parvoM ke antargata gautama gaNadhara dvArA dhyAna ke vibhinna bhedoM, RSabhadeva ke kaivalya prApti va devoM dvArA unake prathama upadeza ke liye samavasaraNa nirmANa va usake svarUpa kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai / ina parvoM meM RSabha - deva ke samavasaraNa kA varNana jaina sthApatya ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa sUcanAe~ detA hai | 39 24veM aura 25 veM parvoM meM bharata dvArA RSabhadeva kI 108 va saudharma indra dvArA 1008 nAmoM se stavana tathA aSTadravya Adi se pUjana karane evaM unake vihAra kI vistRta carcA huI hai / RSabhanAtha ke 1008 nAmoM meM sarvAdhika nAma brAhmaNa dharma ke tridevoM tathA kucha nAma anya brAhmaNa devoM se sambandhita haiM / sAtha hI bauddha dharma aura guNaparaka evaM bhAratIya itihAsa tathA paramparA se sambandhita kaI nAma bhI milate haiM / brAhmaNa tridevoM se sambandhita nAmoM meM svayaMbhU, zaMbhu, tripurAri, trilocana, trinetra, zaMkara, ziva, IzAna, mahezvara, kAmAri, mahAdeva, mahAyogIzvara, bhUtanAtha, sadyojAta. mRtyuMjaya, dhAtA, vizvakarmA, brahmA, zAstA, pitAmaha, caturAnana, caturmukha, caturvakta, hiraNyagarbha, lakSmIpati, jagannAtha, zrIpati evaM vizvamUrti mukhya haiM / anya brAhmaNa devoM meM sahasrAkSa, gaNAdhipa, mahendra, dhImAna, sUrya evaM Aditya ke nAma pramukha haiM / bauddha devakula yA dharma se saMbaMdhita nAmoM meM akSobhya, buddha, siddhArtha, svayaMbuddha, dharmacakrI, prajJApAramita, bahuzruta ( azoka ke abhilekha ) tathA kucha tIrthaMkaroM aura bhAratIya-:
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________________ 14 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana sAhitya, paramparA, darzana aura itihAsa se sambandhita nAmoM meM dharmarAja, suzru ta, azoka, nirguNa, puSkara, mahAbodhi, suvrata, vardhamAna (tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA nAma ) devavid, bhavatAraka, paramezvara, mahAprabhu, mahAyajJa, mahAzIla, mahaSi, mahAtmA, sAdha, acintya, sarvayogIzvara, yogAtmA, prakRti, dakSa, kAmadhenu, prAkRta, dUradarzana, vikAladarzI, kalpavRkSa evaM zatrughna pramukha haiN| prastuta stavana meM diye gaye nAmoM se jaina dharma ke samanvayAtmaka vyApaka dRSTi kI jAnakArI milatI hai jisameM vibhinna brAhmaNa evaM bauddha devatAoM ke nAmoM kI pramukhatA hai| RSabhanAtha ke uparyukta nAmoM kI vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM pUrvakAlika grantha paumacariya ke sandarbha mahattvapUrNa haiM jisameM RSabhanAtha evaM ajitanAtha donoM kA vibhinna brAhmaNa evaM bauddha devoM ke nAmoM se smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / inameM brahmA, svayaMbhU,caturmukha, pitAmaha, hiraNyagarbha, bhAnu, trilocana, zaMkara, ziva, mahAdeva, mahezvara, Izvara, rudra, viSNu, anantanArAyaNa evaM svayaMbaddha ke nAma milate haiM jinakA mahApurANa meM aura adhika vistAra kiyA gayA hai|33 26 se leka ra 34 paryoM meM bharata ke cakraratna ke prakaTa hone, unakI senA ke vibhinna aMgoM evaM astra-zastroM ke prakAra tathA unake digvijaya kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana huA hai| isameM navanidhi evaM 14 ratnoM kA varNana bhI huA hai| devagar3ha kI bharata cakravartI kI mUrtiyoM meM navanidhi evaM 14 ratnoM ke aMkana kI dRSTi se yaha ullekha vizeSa mahattva kA hai| ___34 se lekara 36 paryoM meM bharata aura bAhubalI ke madhya netra, jala aura malla-yuddha aura anta meM bharata dvArA bAhubalI para cakraratna calAye jAne se duHkhI hokara bAhubalI ke vana meM jAkara dIkSA dhAraNa karane aura tapazcaryA evaM mokSa prApti ke vistRta ullekha haiN| zvetAmbara kalA kendra vimalavasaho ( delavAr3A, rAjasthAna ) evaM kuMbhAriyA (zAMtinAtha mandira, 11vIM zatI I0, gujarAta ) meM bharata-bAhubalI yuddha ke aura devagar3ha, khajurAho, elorA, mathurA, bAdAmI, ayahola evaM zravaNabelagola jaise digambara kalA kendroM para bAhubalI kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke kaI udAharaNa mile haiM jinake nirUpaNa meM mahApurANa ke vivaraNoM kA pAlana huA hai| 37 se 42 paryoM meM bharata dvArA brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA evaM brAhmaNocita garbhAnvaya, dIkSAnvaya tathA kartanvaya Adi kriyAoM evaM SoDaza saMskAroM aura havana ke yogya maMtroM Adi kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana
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________________ pUrvapIThikA : 15 huA hai jo vaidika paramparA ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / AdipurANa ke 43 se 47 parva tathA saMpUrNa uttarapurANa jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra dvArA racita haiM / 43 se 47 parvoM meM guNabhadra dvArA sarvaprathama apane guru jinasena ke prati bhakti pradarzita kI gayI hai / tadanantara jayakumAra va sulocanA ke vivAha, virakti va jayakumAra ke RSabhadeva ke samavasaraNa meM gaNadhara pada prApta karane, bharata cakravartI kI dIkSA, kaivalya prApti evaM RSabhadeva ke antima vihAra aura nirvANa prApti kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra AdipurANa meM kevala prathama tIrthaMkara va prathama cakravartI kAhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI kAraNa unase sambandhita pratyeka ghaTanAoM kA isameM vistAra ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa meM anya 61 zalAkApuruSoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isI kAraNa isameM AdipurANa kI tulanA meM kathAnaka saMkSepa meM diye gaye haiM / uttarapurANa ke sampAdaka pannAlAla jaina ne uttarapurANa ke sambandha meM apane 'vicAra vyakta karate hue likhA hai ki isameM viziSTa kathAnakoM meM kitane hI kathAnaka itane rocaka DhaMga se likhe gaye haiM ki saMkSepa meM hote hue bhI varNana zailI kI madhuratA ke kAraNa ye atyanta rucikara ho gaye haiM / 34 uttarapurANa ke 48veM parva meM dvitIya tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha tathA cakravartI sagara ke paMcakalyANakoM kA ( cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya va mokSa ) kA varNana milatA hai / isI parva meM pUrva paramparA se calI A rahI gaMgA kI tIrthatA ke sambandha meM bhI kathA varNita hai ki jisa samaya bhagIratha gaMgA nadI ke kinAre pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara virAjamAna the, usI samaya indra ne kSIrasAgara ke jala se unake caraNoM kA abhiSeka kiyA / tabhI se gaMgA isa loka meM tIrtha mAnI jAnI lagI / 35 49 se 56 parvoM meM tIsare se 10veM tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha, abhinandana, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadanta evaM zItalanAtha ke paMcakalyANakoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha huA hai / isameM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA kathAnaka anya tIrthaMkaroM kI tulanA meM kiMcit vistAra ke sAtha nirUpita hai / 57 se 66 veM parvoM meM guNabhadra ne gyArahaveM se unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara kramazaH zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha tathA mallinAtha ke paMcakalyANakoM kA varNana kiyA hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM Ane vAle balabhadra, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa ke kathAnaka bhI diye gaye haiM / inameM
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________________ 16 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana uparokta tIrthaMkaroM ke tIrtha meM hone vAle vijaya, acala, dharma, suprabha, sudarzana, nandiSeNa va nandimitra balabhadra, tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayaMbhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puNDarIka evaM datta nArAyaNoM tathA inake pratidvandvI (zatru)azvagrIva, tAraka, madhu, madhusUdana, madhukrIr3a, nizumbha evaM balIndra pratinArAyaNoM ke ullekha haiM / pratyeka kathAnaka meM nArAyaNa dvArA pratinArAyaNa ke vadha aura phalasvarUpa pApodaya se nArAyaNa ke naraka meM jAne kA ullekha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| inhIM paryoM meM krUra va kalahapriya svabhAva vAle nArada evaM vibhinna hRdoM meM nivAsa karane vAlI zrI, hrI, dhRti, buddhi, kIrti evaM lakSmI jaisI indra kI vallabhA deviyoM37 kA ullekha jaina dharma para brAhmaNa paramparA ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM vibhinna kSetroM, parvata, sarovaroM, nadiyoM, dezoM va nagara ke nAmoM kA ullekha kara guNabhadra ne tatkAlIna bhaugolika dazA para bhI prakAza DAlA hai| 67 tathA 68veM paryoM meM 20veM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata aura unake samakAlIna AThaveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa ke ullekha haiN| rAmakathA kI paramparA lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI I0 meM jaina dharma meM praviSTa huI jisake phalasvarUpa vimalasUrikRta paumacariya jaise prAraMbhika tathA raviSeNa kRta padmapurANa jaise paravartI jaina granthoM meM usakA vistRta ullekha kiyA gayA hai / jaina paraMparA kI rAmakathA adhikAMzataH vAlmIki rAmAyaNa para AdhArita hai| uttarapurANa ke kucha kathA prasaMga jaise sItA janma ityAdi adbhuta rAmAyaNa ke anurUpa haiN| uttarapurANa meM dazaratha ko banArasa kA rAjA batAnA bauddha jAtaka se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / 38 ina paryoM meM rAma kI kathA ke pramukha aMza jaise rAma, lakSmaNa va sItA ke janma, rAma-sItA vivAha, rAvaNa dvArA sItA-haraNa aura phalasvarUpa rAma-rAvaNa yuddha, hanumAna ke jIvana se sambandhita kathA prasaMga meM unake parAkrama evaM vidyAoM tathA laMkAdahana Adi kA varNana tathA lakSmaNa dvArA bAli va rAvaNa kA vadha, rAma va lakSmaNa kI digvijaya aura rAjyAbhiSeka, lakSmaNa kI mRtyu se rAma ke vairAgya, dIkSA, kaivalya va nirvANa prApti kA sajIva va rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| rAmakathA ke kaI prasaMga spaSTataH brAhmaNa paramparA se bhinna haiN| 69 se 72veM paryoM meM 21veM tathA 22veM tIrthaMkara naminAtha aura neminAtha ke jIvanavRtta ke sAtha-sAtha 11veM aura 12veM cakravartI jayasena tathA
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________________ prastAvanA : 17 brahmadatta kI jIvanakathA bhI dI gayI haiN| nauveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM kramazaH baladeva, kRSNa aura jarAsandha kA bhI ullekha huA hai| uttarapurANa kI kRSNa kathA harivaMzapurANa kI kathA se nAma va kathAnaka Adi kI dRSTi se kahIM-kahIM bhinna hai| kRSNacarita sAmAnyataH hindu paramparA ke mahAbhArata para AdhArita hai| uttarapurANa meM kRSNa ke janma, bAlakrIr3A, kaSNa dvArA kaMsa va jarAsandha ke vadha tathA unakI paTTarAniyoM ke bhavAntara Adi kA atyanta rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| dvArAvatI nagarI ke varNana dvArA guNabhadra ne jaina sthApatya para bhI mahattvapUrNa prakAza DAlA hai| 73 tathA 74veM paryoM meM 23veM tathA 24veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kA jIvana-vRtta varNita hai| inake tapazcaraNa ke madhya pUrvajanma ke bairI duSTAtmAoM dvArA upasthita kiye gaye upasargoM39 ( bAdhAoM) kA bhI isameM varNana huA hai jo vibhinna purAsthaloM ke kalAparaka sAmagrI ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| ____antima parvo 75 tathA 76 meM rAjA ceTaka, celanA, jIvandhara evaM antima kevalI jambUsvAmI Adi ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha utsarpiNI tathA avasarpiNI kAla kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai jisake antargata vibhinna kalkiyoM, pralayakAla tathA bhaviSya ke ( utsarpiNI kAla ) tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya zalAkApuruSoM ke nAmollekha tathA mahAvIra ke ziSya paramparA Adi kA varNana huA hai| mahApurANa ke racanAkAra-jinasena evaM guNabhadra : jIvana paricaya aura sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi : jinasena aura guNabhadra donoM hI AcArya mUlasaMgha ke usa 'paMcastUpa' nAmaka anvaya meM hue jo Age calakara 'senAnvaya' yA 'senasaMgha' nAma se prasiddha huaa|40 jinasena ke guru vIrasena aura svayaM jinasena ne apanA vaMza 'paMcastUpAnvaya' tathA guNabhadra ne 'senAnvaya' likhA hai|' indranandi ne zru tAvatAra meM likhA hai ki jo muni paMcastUpa nivAsa se Aye unameM se kisI ko sena aura kisI ko bhadra nAma diyA gyaa| ___ vaMza paramparA do prakAra kI hotI hai : laukika aura pAramArthika / laukika vaMza kA sambandha yoni se aura pAramArthika vaMza kA sambandha vidyA se hotA hai / 42 vastutaH jinasena aura guNabhadra ke laukika vaMza kA nizcayAtmaka rUpa meM kucha bhI patA nahIM cltaa| ye kahA~ ke rahane vAle
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________________ 18 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana the, kisake putra the aura inakI kyA jAti thI jaisI bAtoM kA ullekha na to inakI grantha prazastiyoM meM hotA hai aura na hI inake paravartI AcAryoM kI grantha prazastiyoM meN| isakA eka saMbhAvita kAraNa yaha rahA hogA ki gRhavAsa se virata sAdhu apane laukika vaMza kA paricaya denA Avazyaka nahIM samajhate the|44 kevala uttarapurANa ke anta meM dI gayI prazasti meM jinasena ke jIvana kA kiMcit paricaya milatA hai| jayadhavalA kI prazasti meM jinasenAcArya ne apanA paricaya atyanta AlaMkArika rUpa meM diyA hai| isa grantha se jJAta hotA hai ki ye bAlyakAla meM hI dIkSita ho gaye the aura sarasvatI ke ArAdhaka the| kuzakAya jinasena AkRti se bhavya tathA ramya nahIM the kintu kuzAgra buddhi, jJAnarAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA se inakA vyaktitva mahanIya ho gayA thaa| inhoMne brAhmaNa smRtiyoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thaa| smRtiyoM ke prabhAva se inhoMne jainAcAra ko nayA AyAma bhI diyA / 45 guru paramparA abataka ke adhyayana se inake paramArthavaMza-guruvaMza kI paramparA AcArya candrasena taka jA sakI hai| yaha guru-ziSya krama isa prakAra thAcandrasena ke ziSya AryanandI the jo jinasena ke dAdAguru the| AryanandI ke ziSya vIrasena aura vIrasena ke ziSya jinasena hue jinake ziSya guNabhadra the / 46 uttarapurANa kI prazasti meM guNabhadra ne svayaM ko vIrasena ke ziSyoM-jinasena aura dazarathaguru kA ziSya batalAyA hai / __ jinasena kI guru paramparA ko nimnAMkita tAlikA se spaSTataH samajhA jA sakatA hai47 Aryacandrasena AryanandI vIrasena jayasena dazarathaguru jinasena vinayasena zrIpAla pasena devasena guNabhadra kumArasena (kASThAsaMghapravartaka) lokasena
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________________ sthAnavicAra : jinasena va guNabhadra kahA~ ke rahane vAle the yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki isakA ullekha unake kisI bhI prazasti meM nahIM milatA hai / kintu inase sambaddha tathA inake nija ke granthoM meM baMkApura ( dhAravAr3a, karnATaka ), vATagrAma ( bar3audA, gujarAta) tathA citrakUTa kA ullekha AtA hai jisase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye sambhavataH karnATaka prAnta ke rahane vAle the / 48 baMkApura usa samaya vanavAsa deza kI rAjadhAnI thI jo vartamAna meM karnATaka ke dhAravAr3a jile meM sthita hai / nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra vIrasena aura jinasena kA vihArakSetra karnATaka prAnta hI rahA hogA aura isI kSetra meM AdipurANa kI racanA huI hogii| isakI puSTi isa bAta se bhI hotI hai ki mahApurANa kA pUjA mahotsava bakApura meM kiyA gayA thA / 49 citrakUTa ke sambandha meM nAthUrAma premI kA kahanA hai ki siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana karane liye elAcArya ke pAsa jisa citrakUTa meM vIrasena gaye the vaha saMbhavataH vartamAna cittaur3a kAhI saMskRta rUpa hai / amoghavarSa ke pitA govinda tRtIya ne gujarAta va mAlavA ke sAtha-sAtha citrakUTa ko bhI jItA thA aura usa samaya yaha amoghavarSa ke hI rAjya meM thA / 50 prastAvanA : 19 gulAbacanda caudharI ke anusAra tatkAlIna rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa prathama jinasena kA ananya bhakta thA jisakA zAsanakAla lagabhaga 814 se 878 I0 ke madhya mAnA jA sakatA hai / amoghavarSa kA rAjya usa samaya kerala se lekara gujarAta, mAlavA tathA citrakUTa taka phailA thaa| jinasena kA sambandha citrakUTa Adi sthaloM ke sAtha hone tathA amoghavarSa dvArA sammAnita hone se unake janma sthAna kA anumAna mahArASTra aura karnATaka sImAvartI pradeza meM lagAnA ucita pratIta hotA hai / 51 pannAlAla jaina ne bhI AdipurANa kI prastAvanA meM isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa thI jo usa samaya karnATaka tathA mahArASTra donoM kI rAjadhAnI thI / amoghavarSa jinasena kA ananya bhakta thA, ataH unakA amoghavarSa kI rAjadhAnI meM AnA-jAnA sambhava thA / kintu vahA~ para jinasena ke nivAsa Adi kA koI vizeSa ullekha nahIM milatA / 12 kAla vicAra : harivaMzapurANa kI racanA ke samaya AdipurANa ke karttA jinasena
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________________ 22 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana (II) vidyamAna the aura unhoMne taba taka pArzvajinendrastuti tathA vardhamAnapurANa nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA bhI kara lI thI / 43 kintu jinasena kI jayadhavalA TIkA ke antima bhAga tathA mahApurANa jaisI suvistRta aura mahattvapUrNa kRtiyoM kA harivaMzapurANa ke karttA jinasena (I) ne koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai jisase yaha AbhAsita hotA hai ki mahApurANa jinasena (II) kI paravartI kAla kI racanA thI / 54 harivaMza - purANa meM varNita prArambhika racanAoM ke samaya AdipurANa ke karttA kI Ayu kama se kama 25-30 varSa avazya rahI hogI / harivaMzapurANa ke anta meM dI gaI prazasti meM usakA racanAkAla zakasaMvat 705 ( 783 I0 ) batAyA gayA hai / harivaMzapurANa kI racanA Arambha karate samaya AdipurANa ke kartA jinasena (II) kI Ayu yadi 25 varSa rahI hogI to unakA janma zakasaMvat 675 ( 753 I0 ) ke AsapAsa hI huA hogA / 55 1 jayadhavalA TIkA kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jinasena ( II ) ne apane guru vIrasena kI vIrasenIyA TIkA zakasaMvat 759 ( 837 I0 ) meM pUrNa kI thii| isase siddha hotA hai ki jinasena ( II ) 837 I0 taka vidyamAna the / 16 jinasena ( II ) se pAzva bhyuidaya se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki vaha rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa ( prathama ) ke rAjyakAla (814-878 I0) meM the / usake darabAra meM aneka hindU tathA jaina vidvAna the jinameM AdipurANa ke karttA jinasena bhI eka the / 17 hIrAlAla jaina ne isa bAta kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai ki rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSaM jinasena ke caraNoM kI pUjA karatA thA / 18 e0 DI0 pusAlakara ne isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki amoghavarSa prathama eka hindU kI apekSA jaina adhika thA aura jinasena usakA pramukha dharmopadezaka thA / usane guNabhadra ko apane putra kRSNa dvitIya ke liye eka upadezaka ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA thA / nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra jinasena kA janma zakasaMvat 685 ( 763 I0 ) meM anumAnita kiyA gayA hai / jayadhavalA TIkA unhoMne zakasaMvat 759 meM pUrNa ko ataH usa samaya unakI anumAnita Ayu 74 varSa rahI hogI / sambhavataH jayadhavalA ke bAda ho unhoMne AdipurANa Arambha kiyA jise vaha pUrA nahIM kara sake / AdipurANa kI dasa hajAra zlokoM kI racanA meM kama se kama unheM 5-6 varSaM avazya lage hoMge aura isa prakAra zakasaMvat 765 ( 843 I0 ) ke lagabhaga 80 varSa kI Ayu meM unakA svargavAsa huA hogA / , AdipurANa ke 42 parva pUrNa tathA 43 veM parva ke tIna zlokoM
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________________ prastAvanA : 21 kI racanA ke bAda jinasena kI mRtyu ho gayI thI / isa apUrNa racanA ko pUrNa karane kA mahanIya kArya unake ziSya guNabhadra ne kiyA / nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra yadi jinasena kI mRtyu ke samaya guNabhadra kI Ayu 25 -varSa mAna lI jAe to zakasaMvat 740 (818 I0 ) ke lagabhaga unakA janma huA hogA / parantu guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa kI racanA va samApti kaba kI aura ve kaba taka jIvita rahe yaha sarvathA anveSaNIya hai / 61 hIrAlAla jaina ne isa sambandha meM likhA hai ki amoghavarSa ke uttarAdhikArI kRSNa dvitIya ( la0 878-914 I0 ) ke kAla meM guNabhadrAcArya ne 'uttarapurANa kA lekhana pUrA kiyA / 2 pannAlAla jaina ke anusAra guNabhadra kI Ayu yadi guru jinasena ke svargavAsa ke samaya 25 varSa mAna lI jAya to zakasaMvat 740 ( 818 I0 ) ke lagabhaga unakA janma huA hogA, parantu uttarapurANa kaba samApta huA tathA guNabhadrAcArya kaba taka jIvita rahe, yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai / 3 yadyapi uttarapurANa kI prazasti meM yaha likhA hai ki usakI samApti zakasaMvat 820 ( 898 I0 ) meM huI, parantu prazasti svayaM do rUpoM meM vibhAjita hai / pahalA rUpa guNabhadra svAmI kA aura dUsarA unake ziSya lokasena kA / 4 lokasena dvArA likhI gayI prazasti usa samaya kI pratIta hotI hai jabaki uttarapurANa kI 'vidhipUrvaka pUjA kI gayI thI / isa prakAra uttarapurANa kI prazasti meM usakI pUrti kA jo kAla ( zakasaMvat 820 ) diyA gayA hai vaha vastutaH usakI pUjA mahotsava kA hai / 65 guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa ke hI samAna apane anya granthoM jaise AtmAnuzAsana tathA jinadattacarita meM bhI grantha kI pUrti kA zakasaMvat nahIM diyA hai / ataH guNabhadra kA ThIka-ThIka samaya batA pAnA kaThina hai kintu kRSNa dvitIya ke sAtha guNabhadra kI samakAlikatA ke AdhAra para 914 I0 yAnI dasavIM zatI I0 ke prArambha taka guNabhadra kA kAla rakhA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra vibhinna vidvAnoM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para jinasena va - guNabhadra ke mahApurANa kA anumAnita racanAkAla 9vIM zatI I0 se 10vIM - zatI I0 ke prArambha ke madhya nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai | jinasena evaM guNabhadra kI racanAe~ : jinasena praNIta granthoM meM pAzvabhyudaya, vardhamAnapurANa, jayadhavalATIkA tathA AdipurANa sarvapramukha haiM / pAzvabhyudaya kAlidAsa ke meghadUta se prabhAvita bhASAzailI vAlA grantha hai / 67 isa grantha meM pArzvanAtha kI
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________________ 22 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana tapasyA aura pUrvajanma ke bairI kamaTha dvArA kiye gaye upasargoM kA vistRta ullekha huA hai| dhavalA tathA jayadhavalA donoM hI grantha rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa (prathama ) ke samaya meM likhe gaye the| amoghavarSa kA eka aura nAma 'dhavala' yA 'atizayadhavala' bhI thA / ataH anumAna hai ki ina granthoM kA nAmakaraNa amoghavarSa ke nAma ko cirasthAyI karane ke lie kiyA gayA hogA / guNabhadra kI racanAoM meM uttarapurANa ke atirikta AtmAnuzAsana evaM jinadattacaritra kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / AtmAnuzAsana bhartRhari kI vairAgyazataka kI zailI meM likhA huA 272 padyoM kA eka sundara grantha hai|68 jinadattacaritra eka navasargAtmaka choTA kAvya grantha hai| anuSTupa zloMkoM meM racita isa grantha kI kathA bar3I hI kautukAvaha hai / 69 sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi : kisI bhI dharma yA sampradAya ke viziSTa sAhitya kA adhyayana karane ke liye usa yuga kI rAjanItika, dhArmika tathA sAhityika paristhitiyoM kA vizleSaNa Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| koI bhI granthakAra apane yuga ke vAtAvaraNa se aprabhAvita nahIM raha sakatA yA dUsare zabdoM meM rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika sthitiyA~ kisI bhI deza kI kalA evaM sAhitya kI niyAmaka hotI haiM / sAhityika abhivyakti apanI viSaya-vastu evaM nirmANa vidhA meM samAja kI dhAraNAoM evaM takanIkoM kA pratibimba prastuta karatI hai jo usI saMskRti kA aMga hotI haiN| kalA ke sambandha meM kumArasvAmI ne likhA hai ki bhAratIya kalA logoM ko dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA hI mUtaM rUpa rahI hai| samasta bhAratIya kalA pUrva paramparAoM ke nizcita nirvAha ke sAtha hI dharma evaM sAmAjika dhAraNAoM meM hue parivartanoM se bhI sadaiva prabhAvita hotI rahI hai|70 ThIka yahI bAta kisI bhI yuga ke sAhitya ke sambandha meM bhI caritArtha hotI hai| granthakAra ko jo vicAradhArA paramparA se milI hai usakA pratibimba usake sAhitya meM Aye binA nahIM raha sktaa| ataH jisa samaya jinasena va guNabhadra kRta mahApurANa kI racanA huI usa samaya kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika pRSThabhUmi kI saMkSipta vivecanA yahA~ Avazyaka ho jAtI hai / (ka) rAjanItika madhyakAla meM mAlavA, rAjasthAna, uttarI gujarAta tathA dakana ke karnATaka jaise prAntoM meM jainadharma kA acchA samAdara thA tathA sAhityika
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________________ prastAvanA : 23 kriyA-kalApoM meM jaina AcAryoM ko janatA ke atirikta tatkAlIna zAsaka varga se bhI saMrakSaNa tathA preraNA milatI rhii| dakSiNa bhArata ke madhyakAlIna rAjavaMzoM jaise gaMga, kadamba, cAlukya (bAdAmI, ayahola) rASTrakUTa evaM hoyasala ( asikerI, halebiDa evaM lakkuMDI ke jaina mandira evaM mUrtiyA~ ) tathA unake adhInastha sAmantoM, mantriyoM aura senApatiyoM ne jainadharma ko kevala Azraya hI nahIM diyA varan ve jainadharma ke prati Adara bhAva rakhane vAle aura usake anuyAyI bhI the|71 rASTrakaTa nareza amoghavarSa jinasena kA ananya bhakta thA aura usane jIvana ke antima caraNa meM sambhavataH jainadharma bhI svIkAra liyA thaa|72 AdipurANa ke kartA jinasena tathA gaNitasAra-saMgraha ke kartA mahAvIrAcArya amoghavarSa ke darabAra meM the|73 zAsaka aura vijetA hone ke sAtha hI amoghavarSa sAhitya tathA kalA kA mahAna saMrakSaka bhI thaa| vaha svayaM bhI kannar3a kI sabase prAcIna kRti kavirAjamArga tathA praznottaramAlikA kA lekhaka thaa|74 usakA jIvana hindu evaM jainadharma ke guNoM kA adbhuta samanvaya thaa|75 usane jIvana meM syAdvAda kA anusaraNa kiyA aura sAtha hI hindU devIdevatAoM ko bhI pUrA sammAna diyaa| amoghavarSa dvArA jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane kA sandarbha zakasaMvat 782 ( 860 I0 ) ke tAmrapatra meM milatA hai / amoghavarSa ne svayaM jainAcArya devendra ko dAna diyA thaa| amoghavarSe ke putra kRSNa dvitIya ke mahAsAmaMta pRthvIrAya ke zakasaMvat 797 ( 875 I0 ) ke lekha meM usake dvArA kisI jaina mandira ko bhUmidAna kA ullekha milatA hai / 77 usake atirikta rAjadarabArI, sAmaMta tathA vyApArI varga bhI jainadharma ko mAnane vAle tathA usake saMrakSaNa pradAna karane vAle the|78 ... amoghavarSa jaina the athavA jainadharma ke prati kevala unakI sahAnubhUti mAtra thI, isake sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| nAthUrAma premI ne unake jaina dharmAnuyAyI hone ke sambandha meM kucha sAkSya prastuta kiye haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki amoghavarSa ne apane praznottararatnamAlA ke maMgalAcaraNa meM vartamAna tIrthaMkara ko namaskAra kiyA hai tathA usameM aneka bAteM jaina dharmAnumodita kahI gayIM hai jisase ve jainadharma ke anuyAyI jAna par3ate haiN| amoghavarSa ke hI samaya meM mahAvIrAcArya ne jisa gaNitasArasaMgraha nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI, usakI ulthAnikA meM unhoMne amoghavarSa ko syAdvAdanyavAdI kahA hai jisase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki amoghavarSa jaina ho gaye the| kucha vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki amoghavarSa ke
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________________ 24 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ke jo dAnapatra mile haiM unameM ziva kI stuti kI hai tathA una para ziva evaM zivaliMga Adi ke cihna bane haiM jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki vaha jaina nahIM thA / isake sambandha meM nAthUrAma premI kA kahanA hai ki rAjya kA kArya kula paramparA ke anusAra calatA hai ataH saMbhava hai ki pahale kI paramparA ke hI anusAra amoghavarSa ke bhI dAnapatra likhe gaye hoM tathA una para unake vaMza paramparA ke cihna aMkita kiye gaye haiM / kevala unake jaina ho jAne se pUrA rAjataMtra jaina-dharmAnuyAyI nahIM ho sakatA / isa sandarbha meM kaliMga nareza khAravela kA udAharaNa diyA jA sakatA hai jo svayaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA kintu usakA rAjyAbhiSeka vaidika vidhi se huA thA / samrAT harSa ke bauddha hone para bhI unake dAnazAsanoM meM use paramamAhezvara tathA isI prakAra kumArapAla ke jaina hone para use paramamAhezvara likhA jAtA rahA hai / 1 0 82 amoghavarSa ke uttarAdhikArI kRSNa dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM guNabhadrAcArya ne uttarapurANa ko pUrA kiyaa| sAtha hI indranandi ne jvAlAmAlinIkalpa, somadeva ne yazastilaka - campU nAmaka kAvya tathA puSpadanta apabhraMza racanAe~ prastuta kIM / 2 rAjadarabAroM meM jainAcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ke tyAgamaya jIvana aura vidyopAsanA kI bar3I pratiSThA thI / rAjavaMzI loga bhI unake bhakta tathA upAsaka hone meM apanA kalyANa samajhate the / isa rAjakIya saMrakSaNa ke phalasvarUpa hI jainAcAryoM dvArA nirantara jainakAvya evaM dharmaparaka sAhitya kI racanA hotI rahI jinameM rASTrakUTa nareza amoghavarSa tathA usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke saMrakSaNa meM mahApurANa evaM kumArapAla caulukya ke saMrakSaNa meM hemacandra kRta trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra sarvapramukha hai | 3 (kha) dhArmika : sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda hindU, bauddha tathA jaina tInoM dharmoM meM tAntrika pravRttiyoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM praveza kiyA / kintu bauddha aura hindU dharmoM kI tulanA meM jainadharma meM yaha pravRtti kama aura mukhyataH mantravAda ke rUpa meM dekhI jA sakatI hai / jainadharmaM tAntrika pUjAvidhi, mAMsa, madirA tathA striyoM se mukta rahA / jaina AcAryoM ne tAntrika vidyA ke ghinaune AcaraNoM ko pUrNataH asvIkAra kara tantra ke kevala yoga evaM sAdhanA pakSa ko hI mahattva diyA |4 Agama granthoM meM bhUtoM, DAkaniyoM evaM pizAcoM ke pracura ullekha haiM /
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________________ prastAvanA : 25 samarAiccakahA, tilakamaJjarI evaM bRhatkathAkoSa meM mantravAda, vidyAdharoM, vidyAoM evaM kApAlikoM ke vetAla sAdhanoM kI bhI carcA hai jinakI upAsanA se sAdhakoM ko divya zaktiyoM (vidyAoM) yA manovAMchita phaloM kI prApti hotI thii| 5 inake atirikta tAntrika prabhAva meM kaI aura jaina granthoM kI bhI racanA haI jinameM jvAlinImAtA, jvAlAmAlinIkalpa, nirvANakalikA, pratiSThAsAroddhAra, AcAradinakara, bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa tathA adbhutapadmAvatI ityAdi mukhya haiM / 6 paramparAgata jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM 16 mahAvidyAe~ vastutaH tAntrika deviyA~ hI haiM / ___ koI bhI racanAkAra, kAla tathA samAja ke prabhAva se apane ko vaMcita nahIM rakha sktaa| AdipurANa ke kartA jinasena ke kAla meM dakSiNa bhArata meM brAhmaNa tathA jaina dharmoM ke madhya saMgharSapUrNa sthiti banI huI thii| use dhyAna meM rakhate hue jinasena ne brAhmaNa dharma ke aneka mahattvapUrNa tathyoM tathA kriyAkANDoM kA jainIkaraNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| mahApurANa meM dharma evaM saMskRti ke samanvayAtmaka ullekhoM se yaha bAta spaSTa hai| AdipurANa meM jinasena ne svAdhyAya, upavAsa Adi tapa tathA vratadhAraNa rUpI saMyama ko brAhmaNoM kA kuladharma batAyA hai| isa dRSTi se 16 saMskAroM evaM 4 varNoM ke ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / kintu brAhmaNa vyavasthA se prabhAvita hone para bhI jinasena ne AdipurANa meM jaina sAMskRtika tattvoM ko banAye rkhaa| jinasena tathA guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa sambandhita vibhinna ghaTanAoM evaM aneka devI-devatAoM tathA sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi kA vistRta varNana haA hai| AdipurANa meM jinasena ne prathama tIrthaMkara vRSabhadeva tathA unake putra bharata cakravartI kA jaisA varNana kiyA hai vaha vaidika mantroM, jenetara purANoM tathA upaniSadoM meM bhI milatA hai| bhAgavat meM bhI marudeva, nAbhirAja, vRSabhadeva evaM unake putra bharata kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| kevala ghaTanAdi tathA anya sandarbho meM donoM meM bhinnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai / 10 AdipurANa meM indra ne vRSabhadeva ke kaivalya prApti ke bAda 1008 nAmoM se jisa prakAra unakI stuti kI hai unameM aneka nAma ziva, viSNu, brahmA evaM buddhAdi se sambandhita haiM / 91 isI prakAra AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa meM jinasena va guNabhadra ne vibhinna vidyAdharoM tathA unakI vidyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo spaSTataH tantravAda se prabhAvita hai / 92
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________________ 26 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra dhArmika lokamAnyatAoM kI bhI jainadharma meM upekSA nahIM kI gayI aura unheM sammAnapUrvaka vidhivat jaina paramparA meM sammilita kara liyA gayA / rAma aura lakSaNa tathA kRSNa va baladeva ke prati janamAnasa kA pUjya bhAva rahA hai tathA unheM avatAra puruSa mAnA gayA / jainiyoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha-sAtha inheM bhI tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM meM AdaraNIya sthAna dekara apane purANoM meM vistAra se unake jIvanacaritra kA varNana kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, rAvaNa tathA jarAsandha jaise caritroM ko bhI jaina purANoM meM pratinArAyaNa jaisA pratiSThAparaka sthAna diyA gyaa| rAvaNa ko dazamukhI rAkSasa na mAnakara vidyAdhara vaMzI mAnA gayA tathA use rAkSasI vRtti se Upara uThAyA gayA hai / 93 (ga) sAmAjika pUrva-madhyakAla meM bhAratIya samAja jAtiprathA tathA dhArmika rItirivAja ke bandhana meM jakar3atA jA rahA thaa|4 madhyakAla ( 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ) taka samAja aneka jAtiyoM va upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hone lagA thaa| samAja meM tantra-mantra, TonA-ToTakA, zakuna-apazakuna vicAra ghara kara gaye the / brAhmaNa varNa meM chuAchUta kA vicAra bar3ha rahA thaa| isakA prabhAva isa samaya brAhmaNa varNa ke sAtha-sAtha vaizya va kSatriya varNoM para bhI par3ane lagA thaa| zAsana prAyaH akSatriya varga ke logoM ke hAtha meM A rahA thaa| maukharI tathA pazcAtkAlIna gupta rAjA akSatriya hI the| isI prakAra baMgAla ke pAla aura sena kramazaH zUdra aura brAhmaNa the tathA kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra videzI mUla ke the (?) jo bAda meM kSatriya banAye gaye / 96 isa prakAra kSatriya varNa meM aneka tattvoM kA samizraNa ho rahA thA tathA badalatI sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa pazcima evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA nirantara bar3ha rahI thii|97 jaina srotoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kucha kSatriya jaina va bauddha dharma ke ahiMsA ke siddhAnta se prabhAvita ho zastra jovikA chor3akara vyApAra vRtti karane lage the|8 pUrva-madhyakAla kA jainadharma adhikAMzataH vyApArika varga ke hAthoM me thaa| jainadharma meM jAti vyavasthA ko dharma kI dRSTi se kiMcit bhI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA thA, saMbhavataH isI kAraNa vaizyoM ne kAphI saMkhyA meM jainadharma ko svIkAra kiyA thA, jinakA mukhya kArya vyApAra yA vyavasAya thaa|99 isI kAraNa jainadharma vizeSa rUpa se dakSiNa va pazcima bhArata meM dhArmika vyApArika varga ke saMrakSaNa meM khUba phalA
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________________ prastAvanA : 27.5 phUlA / 100 vyApAriyoM dvArA jainadharma va kalA ko saMrakSaNa pradAna karate kI puSTi khajurAho, jAlora, osiyA~, delavAr3A jaise sthaloM se prAptaH lekhoM se bhI hotI hai / 101 rAjakIya pratiSThA ke sAtha-sAtha isa samaya jaina vaizya bar3A hI supaThita va prabuddha thA / jainAcAryoM ke samAna vaha bhI sAhitya premI thA tathA sAhitya sevA meM rata thA, udAharaNArtha - apabhraMza padmacarita ke racayitA svayaMbhU, tilakamaMjarI ke praNetA dhanapAla, kannar3a cAmuNDarAya-purANa ke lekhaka cAmuNDarAya, naranArAyaNAnanda mahAkAvya ke lekhaka vastupAla, dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke racanAkAra harizcandra, paM0 AzAdhara arhadAsa tathA kavimaNDana Adi jaina gRhastha hI the / 102 jaina purANakAlIna samAja meM varNAzrama vyavasthA kI vaidika mAnyatAyeM pracalita thIM aura sAmAjika jIvana ke raga-raga meM the isa prakAra pravAhita thIM ki isake prabhAva se jainAcArya bhI apane ko vaMcita nahIM rakha sake / isakA prabhAva dakSiNa ke jaina AcAryoM para vizeSa rUpa se par3A jisakA udAharaNa hama unake dvArA viracita sAhitya meM dekha sakate haiM / gokulacandrajaina ke anusAra jinasena ne una sabhI vaidika niyamopaniyamoM kA jainIkaraNakara una para jainadharma kI chApa lagA dI thI, jinheM vaidika prabhAvoM se prabhAvita hone ke uparAnta bhI jaina samAja mAnane lagA thA / 103 jinasena. kRta AdipurANa ke anusAra bhogabhUmi ke samApta hone tathA kalpavRkSa ke zaktihIna hone para karmabhUmi kA Arambha huA / isI samaya vRSabhadeva ne asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya tathA zilpa ina 6 karmoM dvArA prajA ko AjIvikA kA upadeza diyA, jo spaSTataH vaidika paramparA se prabhAvita hai / 104 AdipurANa meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki prajA kA ThIka prakAra se pAlana karane ke uddezya se tathA unakI AjIvikA ityAdi kI vyavasthA karane ke uddezya se vRSabhadeva ne apanI bhujAoM meM zastra dhAraNa karake kSatriyoM kI sRSTi kI thI tathA unheM zastra vidyA kA upadeza diyA thA / ' tadanantara apane UruoM se vaizyoM kI racanA kI tathA pairoM se zUdroM kI racanA kI / brAhmaNa, kSatriya tathA vaizya ina uttama varNoM kI sevA suzrUSA karanA hI zUdroM kI AjIvikA thI / 105 yaha bAta brAhmaNa paramparA meM sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita isa vizvAsa ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karatI hai ki brahmA ne apane mukha se brAhmaNa varNa kI, bhujAoM se kSatriya, UruoM se vaizya tathA caraNoM se zUdra varNa kI sRSTi kI thI / dhyAtavya hai :
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________________ - 28 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 106 ki jaina purANoM meM vRSabhadeva ko Adi brahmA, prajApati aura vidhAtA bhI kahA gayA hai / mahApurANa meM brAhmaNa granthoM kI bhA~ti cAra varNoM ke pRthaka-pRthaka kArya, unake sAmAjika evaM dhArmika adhikAra, cAra AzramoM aura saMskAroM (tirapana garbhAnvaya, ar3atAlisa dIkSAnvaya evaM ATha katranvaya kriyAoM) kA vistAra se varNana hai / 107 jinasena kRta AdipurANa meM hI sarvaprathama garbhAdi solaha saMskAroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA * gayA hai| saMbhavataH brAhmaNa paramparA ke anukaraNa para unhoMne apane mata ke anuyAyiyoM ke liye ise vikalpa rUpa meM rakhA hai / 108 mahApurANa ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna varNoM ko apane-apane varNAnusAra nirdhArita AjIvikA ke atirikta anya AjIvikA ko grahaNa karanA niSedha thA / 10% jinasena ne AdipurANa meM brAhmatva kA AdhAra ' vrata saMskAra' * ko mAnA hai / 110 isa prakAra mahApurANa kI viSaya sAmagrI evaM racanAkAroM kI bahupakSIya sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi ke adhyayana se 9vIM aura 10vIM zatI I0 ke prArambha ke dhArmika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahApurANa kA mahattva svataH siddha ho jAtA hai / mahApurANa meM eka ora jaina dharma evaM paramparA ke mUlabhUta tattvoM kI niSThApUrvaka carcA kI gayI hai aura dUsarI ora jinasena va guNabhadra ke vyApaka cintana tathA tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vaidika aura kAphI sImA taka brAhmaNa paramparA ke sAtha samanvaya sthApita karane kI bhI ceSTA kI gayI hai / isa samanvayAtmaka pravRtti tathA rASTrakUTa zAsakoM ke sAtha mahApurANa kI samakAlikatA ke kAraNa jainadharmaM aura kalA donoM hI dRSTiyoM se mahApurANa kI sAmagrI kA vizeSa mahattva nirvivAda hai / . da- TippaNI pAda-1 1. ke 0 RSabhacandra, 'jaina purANa sAhitya', ma0 jai0 vi0 go0 ju0 vA0, pR0 71-72 / 2. devI prasAda mizra, jaina purANoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, ilAhAbAda 1988, pR0 13 - 17; ema0 vinTaraniTz2a, e hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTrecara, khaNDa2 ( buddhisTa aiNDa jaina liTrecara ), kalakattA 1933, pR0 496-99 / 3. zvetAmbara granthoM meM zalAkApuruSoM kI baladeva, vAsudeva va prativAsudeva kahA gayA hai /
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________________ pAdaTipaNI : 29 4. AdipurANa ( jinasenakuta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta grantha saMkhyA 8, vArANasI 1963, 25.100-217 / 5, AdipurANa 25.100-217 12.69, 85; 13.47 14.1-20, 103; 22.18 .22; 38.21; uttarapurANa ( guNabhadrakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI 1963 evaM 1965, 63. 169; 68.89-90, 282-84 54.175; 70.274; 23. 369-495; 73.56-60 / 6. AdipurANa 36.110, 183 / 7. mArutinandana tivArI, 'e noTa oNna sama bAhubalI imejeja oNpha nArtha iNDiyA', IsTa eNDa vesTa, khaNDa - 3-4 sitambara-disambara 9973, pR0 347-53 / 8. AdipurANa 1.21-23 / 9. AdipurANa 1.24 // 10. AdipurANa 1.25 / 11. AdipurANa 1. 19-20 / 12. AdipurANa, pradhAna sampAdakIya se uddhRta, pR0 1 13. uttarapurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 11-13 / 14. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 10 / 15. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI 1956, pR0 136 / 16. uttarapurANa, prastAvika, pR0 10 / 17. gulAbacandra caudharI, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, vArANasI 1973, 058 / 18. vahIM, pR0 34 / 19. vahIM, pR0 35 / 20. AdipurANa 12.69, 85; 13.47 14.20, 103, 154, 25.100217; uttarapurANa 63.169; 67.148- 720; 70.369-495; 71. 6-222 / 21. AdipurANa 32.166; 38.218; 45.153 - 155; uttarapurANa 57. 17-34 / 22. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 12 / 23. AdipurANa 4.39-40 / 24. AdipurANa 12.8-82 / 25. airAvata gaja, vRSabha, siMha, lakSmI, puSpamAlAe~, candra, sUrya, kalazayugala,
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________________ 3: jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mInayugala, sarovara, samudra, siMhAsana, vimAna, nAgendra, bhavana, ratnarAzi tathA agni, AdipurANa 12.103 - 119 / 26. AdipurANa 12.164-65 / 27. AdipurANa 14.106-158 / 28. AdipurANa 16.179-189 / - 29. AdipurANa 17.4-201 / 30. AdipurANa 22.1-14 / 31. AdipurANa 22.77-316; 23.1-105 / 32. AdipurANa 25.100-217 / 33. paumacariya 4.4 evaM 5.122 / 24 uttarapurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 14 / 35. uttarapurANa 48.138-140 / 36. uttarapurANa 62.430-447 / 37. uttarapurANa 63.200 / 38. uttarapurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 18 / 39. uttarapurANa 74.331-337 / 40. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 15 / - 49. vahIM / 42. vahIM, pR0 16 / 43. vahIM / 44. vahIM / - 45. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 59; nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 133 / 46. AdipurANa, prastAbanA, pR0 16; nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 28-29 / 47. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 17 / 48. Agatya citrakUTAttataH sa bhagavAna guroranujJAnAt / vATagrAme cAtrAnatendra kRta jinagRhe sthitvA // --zrutAvatAra - 179, draSTavya, AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 18 / 49. nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 143 | - 50. vahIM, pR0 145 / -51. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 59 / 52. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 19 /
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________________ 53. jitAtmaparalokasya kavInAM cakravartinaH / vIrasenaguroH kIrtirakalAM va bhAsate // yAmitAbhyudaye pArzva jinendra guNasaMstutiH / svAmino jinasenasya kIrti saMkIrtayatyasau // vardhamAnapurANodyadAdityo vintagamastayaH / prasphuranti girIzAnAH sphuTasphaTika mittiSu // pR0 54. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, 20 / 55. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 20; nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 140 / 56. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 20 / prastAvanA / 71. vahIM, gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, -57. e0 esa0 alatekara, 'di rASTrakUTa empAyara', di eja oNpha impIriyala kannauja, bambaI 1984, pR0 8- 9, 11 / 58. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla 1962 ; pR0 38 / 59. e0 DI0 pusAlkara, 'jainIz2ama', di eja oNva impIriyala kannauja, pR0 291 / 60. nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0 10 140; gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 60 / 61. nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 140-41 / 62. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 38, 121; e0 esa0 altekara, pU0 ni0, pR0 11 / 63. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 21 / 64. vahIM / 65. vahIM, pR0 22 / 66. vardhamAnapurANa aprApya hai, isI kAraNa nAthUrAma premI ise kisI anya kI racanA mAnate haiM / nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 138 / 67. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 23 / 68. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pu028 / 69. vahIM / 70. e0 ke0 kumArasvAmI, iNTroDakzana TU iNDiyana ArTa, dillI 1969, pAda-TippaNI : 31 - harivaMzapurANa 1.39-41 / pR0 8 /
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________________ 32 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 72. vahIM, pR0 9 / 73. e0 esa0 altekara, pU0 ni0, pR0 11 / 74. vahIM, pR0 11, e0 DI0 pusAlakara, pU0 ni0, pR0 293-94; hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 38 / 75. e0 esa0 altekara, pU0 ni0, pR0 11 / 76. nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 148 / / 77. vahIM, pR0 149 / 78. e. Do0 pusAlkara, pU0 ni0, pR0 291 / 79. nAthUrAma premI, pU0 ni0, pR0 152 / 80. vahIM, pR0 153 / 81. vahIM, pR0 150 / 82. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 38 / 83. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 10 / , mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, vArANasI 1981, pR0 22 / 85. bRjanArAyaNa zarmA, sozala lAIpha ina nArdarna iNDiyA, dillI 1966, pR0 212-13 / mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 22 / yU0 pI0 zAha, 'siksaTIna jaina mahAvidhAja', ja0 I0 so0 o0, mA0, khaNDa-15, pR0 114 / 88. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 4 / vhiiN| agnidhrasUno mestu RSabhoabhUt suto dvijaH / RSabhAd bharato jajJe vIraH putrazatAd varaH // soabhiSicyarSabhaH putraM mhaapraavaajymaasthitH| tapastepe mahAbhAgaH pulahAzramasaMzayaH / / himAhaM dakSiNaM varSa bharatAya pitA dadau / tasmAtu bhArataM varSa tasya nAmnAmahAtmanaH // -mArkaNDeyapurANa 50.39-41, draSTavya, AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 14 / 91. AdipurANa 25.100-217 / 92. uttarapurANa 62.387-400 / 93. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 4-5 / 94. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 12 / /
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________________ 95. vahIM, pR0 12-13 / 96. vahIM, pR0 13 / 97. vahIM / 98. vahIM / 99. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 21 / 100. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 13 / 101. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 22 / 102. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 14 / 103. gokulacandra jaina, yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, amRtasara 1967, 10 59 / 104. AdipurANa 16.179-180 / 105. AdipurANa 16.241-245 / 106. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 15 / 107. gokulacandra jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 68-70 / 108. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 57 / 109. AdipurANa 16.187 / 110. AdipurANa 16.243-246 // pAda-TippaNI : 33
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________________ dvitIya adhyAya jaina devakula jaina devakula ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke liye, jaina sAhitya ke AdhAra para, jaina devakula ke kramika vikAsa evaM jaina devakula meM samaya-samaya para hae parivartanoM evaM navIna devoM ke Agamana ke kAraNoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| prastuta adhyAya meM vikAsa ko spaSTataH samajhane ke liye use prArambhika kAla ( prArambha se pA~cavIM zatI I0 ) aura paravartI kaoNla ( 6ThIM se 15vIM zatI I0 )meM bA~Takara adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / (ka) prArambhika kAla (prArambha se pAMcavIM zatI I0 taka ) : prArambhika jaina sAhitya ke antargata mahAvIra ke samaya ( la0 chaThI zatI I0 pU0 ) se pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka ke grantha sammilita haiN| granthoM kI yaha samaya sImA do dRSTiyoM se rakhI gayI hai / prathama, jainadharma ke sabhI grantha la0 pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke madhya yA chaThI zatI I0 ke prAraMbha meM devaddhigaNi-kSamAzramaNa ke netRtva meM valabhI (gujarAta) vAcana meM lipibaddha kiye gaye / dUsare, ina granthoM meM jaina devakula kI kevala sAmAnya avadhAraNA hI pratipAdita hai|' Agama grantha jainoM ke prAcInatama grantha haiN| upalabdha Agama granthoM ke prAcInatama aMza lagabhaga cauthI zatI I0 pU0 ke anta aura tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 ke prArambha ke haiN| kAphI samaya taka zruta paramparA meM surakSita rahane ke kAraNa kAlakrama ke sAtha ina prArambhika Agama granthoM meM prakSepoM ke rUpa meM navIna sAmagrI jur3atI gyii| isakI puSTi bhagavatIsUtra (pA~cavA~ aMka ) meM pA~cavIM zatI I04, rAyapaseNiya ( rAjapraznIya-dUsarA upAMga ) meM kuSANakAlIna aura aMgavijjA meM kuSANa-gupta sandhikAlIna sAmagriyoM kI prApti se hotI hai| jahA~ zvetAmbaroM ne AgamoM ko saMkalita kara yathAzakti surakSita rakhane kA prayatna kiyA, vahIM digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda (156 I0) AgamoM kA maulika svarUpa vilupta ho gyaa| Agama sAhitya ke atirikta kalpasUtra ( la0 tIsarI zatI I0 ) va paumacariya ( 473 I0 ) bhI prArambhika grantha haiN|
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________________ jaina devakula : 35 caubIsa jinoM ko dhAraNA : __ caubIsa jinoM kI dhAraNA jainadharya ko dhurI hai| jaina devakula ke anya devoM kI kalpanA sAmAnyataH inhIM jinoM se sambaddha va unake sahAyaka devoM ke rUpa meM huI hai / jinoM ko devAdhideva aura indra Adi devoM dvArA vandanIya kahA gayA hai| inakA jIva bhI atIta meM sAmAnya vyakti kI taraha vAsanA va karmabandhana meM lipta thA para, Atmamanana, sAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA ke pariNAmasvarUpa usane karmabandhana se mukta hokara kevalajJAna kI prApti kii| karma evaM vAsanA para vijaya prApta karane ke kAraNa inheM 'jina' (vijetA ) kahA gyaa| kaivalya prApti ke pazcAta sAdhu-sAdhviyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke sammilita tIrtha kI sthApanA karane ke kAraNa inheM 'tIrthaMkara' bhI kahA gayA / 10 24 jinoM kI prAcInatama sUcI samavAyAMgasUtra ( cauthA aMga ) meM prApta hotI hai| isa sUcI meM RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArva, candraprabha, suvidhi ( puSpadanta), zItala, zreyAMza, vAsapUjya, vimala, anaMta, dharma, zAMti, kunthu aura malli, munisuvrata, nami, nemi, pArzva evaM vardhamAna ke nAma haiM / 11 bhagavatIsUtra ( pA~cavA~ aMga )12, kalpasUtra, caturviMzatistava yA logassasutta-(bhadrabAhukRta)14 evaM paumacariya15 meM bhI 24 jinoM kI uparyukta sUcI hI prApta hotI hai| isake atirikta bhagavatIsUtra meM munisuvrata, nAyAdhammakahAo meM nArI tIrthaMkara mallinAtha evaM kalpasUtra meM RSabha, nemi ( ariSTanemi ), pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ke vistRta ullekha bhI milate haiM / 16 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki 24 jinoM kI sUcI IsavI san ke prArambha ke pUrva hI nirdhArita ho cukI thii| vidvAn 24 jinoM meM kevala antima do jinoM pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ( yA vardhamAna ) ko hI aitihAsika mAnate haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (adhyAya 23 ) meM pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke do ziSyoM, kesI aura gautama, ke madhya jaina saMgha ke sambandha meM unake vArtAlApa kA jo ullekha hai tathA mahAvIra kI yaha yukti ki 'jo kucha pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzva ne kahA hai maiM vahI kaha rahA hU~'19, pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karate haiN| zalAkApuruSa : prArambhika granthoM meM 24 jinoM ke atirikta anya zalAkA ( yA
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________________ 36 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana uttama ) puruSoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / jinoM sahita inakI kula saMkhyA 63 hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM ullekha hai ki pratyeka avasapiNI aura utsarpiNI yuga meM arhanta (jina), cakravartI, baladeva va vAsudeva uttama puruSa utpanna hae / 20 samavAyAMgasUtra meM 24 jinoM ke sAtha 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva tathA 9 prativAsudeva ke ullekha haiM, para zalAkApuruSoM kI saMkhyA 63 ke sthAna para 54 hI batAyI gayI hai| 9 prativAsudevoM ko uttamapuruSoM meM nahIM sammilita kiyA gyaa|21 kalpasUtra meM bhI torthaMkara, cakravartI evaM vAsudeva kA ullekha hai,22 kintu yahA~ inakI saMkhyA nahIM dI gayI hai| 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI pUrI-pUrI sUcI sarvaprathama paumacariya meM milatI hai / 23 isameM 24 jinoM ke atirikta 12 cakravartI ( bharata, sAgara, madhavA, sanatkumAra, zAnti, kunthu, ara, subhUma, padma, hariSeNa, jayasena tathA brahmadatta), 9 baladeva ( acala, vijaya, bhadra, suprabha, sudarzana, Ananda, nandana, padma yA rAma tathA balarAma), 9 vAsudeva (tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayaMbha, puruSottama , puruSasiMha, puruSapuNDarIka, datta, nArAyaNa yA lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa ) aura 9 prativAsudeva ( azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, nizumbha, madhukaiTabha, bali, prahalAda, rAvaNa tathA jarAsandha ) sammilita haiM / 24 isa sUcI ko hI kAlAntara meM binA kisI parivartana ke svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isa grantha meM Age ke utsarpiNI kAla meM bhI itane hI mahAparuSoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| isa prakAra jaina devakula kI prArambhika avadhAraNA kI dRSTi se paumacariya kI 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI kA vizeSa mahatva hai / 25 paumacariya meM rAma-rAvaNa aura bharata cakravartI kI kathA kA bhI vistRta varNana hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa rAma tathA kRSNa kA janamAnasa se jur3e sarvAdhika lokapriya caritra honA hai jinake vistRta ullekha kramazaH rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata meM haiN| ina mahAkAvyoM ke caritranAyaka rAma aura kRSNa kI janapriyatA ke kAraNa I0 zatI ke prArambha yA kucha pUrva hI inheM 'jaina devamaNDala' meM pratiSThAparaka sthAna milA / 26 rAmAyaNa ke tInoM pramukha pAtroM rAma, lakSmaNa tathA rAvaNa. ( dazAnana ) ko jaina devakula meM lagabhaga 5vIM zatI I0 meM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM kramazaH AThaveM baladeva, vAsudeva tathA prativAsudeva ke rUpa meM sammilita kiyA gyaa|27 paumacariya meM ullekha hai ki sarvaprathama mahAvIra ne rAmakathA kA varNana kiyA jise kAlAntara meM sAdhuoM ne dhAraNa kiyA, vimalasUri ne usI kathA ko adhika vistAra tathA
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________________ jaina devakula : 37 spaSTatA ke sAtha gAthAoM meM nibaddha kiyA / 28 paumacariya ke anta meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki pUrvagranthoM meM Aye huye nArAyaNa tathA haladhara ke caritoM ko sunakara hI vimalasUri ne rAghava-carita kI racanA kii| kaI sthaloM para rAma ko padma, haladhara, halAyudha tathA lakSmaNa ko nArAyaNa, cakradhara tathA cakrapANi vizeSaNoM yA nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai|30 'kRSNa-balarAma : kucha prArambhika ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki I0 san ke pUrva hI kRSNa-balarAma ko jaina devakUla meM sammilita kara liyA gayA thaa|' uttarAdhyayanasUtra (la0 cauthI-tIsarI zatI I0 pU0 )32 ke rathanemi zIrSaka 22veM adhyAya meM kRSNa se sambandhita kucha ullekha haiN|33 uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke vivaraNa ko hI kAlAntara meM, 7vIM zatI I0 ke bAda jaina granthoM (harivaMzapurANa, mahApurANa ( puSpadantakRta )), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM vistAra ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA / 34 nAyAdhammakahAo evaM antagaDdasAo meM bhI kRSNa se sambandhita ullekha hai|35 paurANika dRSTi se rAma ke pUrvavartI hone ke bAda bhI jaina paramparA meM rAma kI apekSA kRSNa ke ullekha prAcIna haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra, antakRtadazAH evaM jJAtAdharmakathAMga jaise prArambhika Agama granthoM meM vAsudeva se sandabhita vibhinna prasaMga varNita haiM / 36 lakSmo : kalpasUtra meM lakSmI kA ullekha jinoM kI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gae zubha svapnoM ke ullekha ke sandarbha meM AyA hai| lakSmI ko do gajoM se abhiSikta, padmAsIna tathA donoM hAthoM meM padmadhAriNI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / 37 paumacariya meM eka sthala para zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti tathA buddhi Adi deviyoM ke sAtha lakSmI kA ullekha huA hai|38 sarasvatI: prArambhika jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI kA ullekha medhA yA buddhi ke devatA yA zru ta devatA ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai|39 bhagavatIsUtra tathA paumacariya1 meM buddhi devI kA ullekha zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti aura lakSmI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| aMgavijjA meM bhI sarasvatI kA ullekha medhA evaM buddhi ke devatA ke rUpa meM hai|42 jinoM kI zikSAe~ jinavANI,
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________________ 38 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana Agama yA zruta ke rUpa meM jAnI jAtI thIM aura sambhavataH isI kAraNa jaina Agamika jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI sarasvatI ke hAtha meM pustaka ke pradarzana kI paramparA Arambha huii|43 sarasvatI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda ke jaina granthoM meM vivecita huaa| jaina zilpa meM yakSI ambikA evaM cakrezvarI ke bAda sarasvatI hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thiiN| jaina zilpa meM sarasvatI kI prAcInatama jJAta mUrti kuSANakAla (132 I0 ) kI hai jisameM devI ke eka hAtha meM pustaka pradarzita hai|44 indra: jaina paramparA meM indra ko jinoM kA pradhAna sevaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM nAmendra, sthApanendra, dvavyendra, jJAnendra, darzanendra, cAritrendra, asurendra aura manuSyendra Adi kaI indroM ke ullekha haiN|45 grantha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki jinoM ke janma, dIkSA tathA kaivalya prApti ke avasaroM para devendra kA pRthvI para zIghratA se Agamana hotA hai / 46. kalpasUtra meM indra ( zakra ) kA ullekha vajra dhAraNa karane vAle tathA airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha devatA ke rUpa meM huA hai|47 paumacariya meM indra dvArA jinoM ke janmAbhiSeka karane tathA kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt samavasaraNa ke nirmANa kA ullekha milatA hai|48 gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI I0 meM jinoM ke jIvanavRttoM ke aMkana ke sandarbha meM indra ko sarvatra AmUtita kiyA gayA / 49 negameSI: jaina devakula meM ajamukha naigameSI (yA harinaigameSI yA hariNaigameSI ) kA ullekha indra ke padAti senA ke senApati ke rUpa meM huA hai / 50 antagaDdasAo evaM kalpasUtra meM naigameSI ko bAlakoM ke janma se bhI sambandhita batAyA gayA hai| kalpasUtra meM ullekha hai ki zakrendra ne mahAvIra ke bhrUNa ko brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM sthApita karane kA kArya apanI padAti senA ke adhipati hariNa-- gameSI deva ko diyA thaa|51 isI prakAra antagaDdasAo meM putra prApti ke liye harinaigameSo ke pUjana aura prasanna hokara devatA dvArA apane gale kA hAra dene ke ullekha haiM / 52 uparyukta paramparA ke kAraNa hI jaina zilpa meM naigameSI ke sAtha lambA hAra evaM bAlaka pradarzita hue / mathurA . se naigameSI kI kaI kuSANakAlIna svataMtra mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / 53 kumbhA
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________________ jana devakula : 39 riyA, delavAr3A evaM anya sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dRzyoM meM janmAbhiSeka ke prasaMga meM bhI naigameSI kA ukerana huA hai| yakSa: prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM yakSoM kA ullekha upakAra yA apakAra ke kartA ke rUpa meM hai| kUmArasvAmI ke anusAra yakSoM va devoM ke bIca koI vizeSa bheda nahIM thA aura yakSa zabda deva kA samAnArthI thA / 54 jaina granthoM meM bhI yakSoM kA ullekha adhikAMzataH devoM ke hI rUpa meM huA hai / 55 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM ullekha hai ki saMcita satkarmoM ke prabhAva ko bhogane ke bAda yakSa punaH manuSya rUpa meM janma lete haiM / 56 bhagavatIsUtra meM vaizramaNa ke prati putra ke samAna AjJAkArI 13 yakSoM kI sUcI dI hai jinake nAma-punnabhadda, maNibhadda, zAlibhadda, sumaNabhadda, cakka, raksa, puNNavakha, savvana, savvajasa, samidhdha, amoha, asaMga tathA savvakAma haiM / 57 isI prakAra tattvArthasUtra ( umAsvAtikRta) meM bhI eka sthala para 13 yakSoM kI sUcI hai jinake nAma-pUrNabhadra, maNibhadra, sumanobhadra, zvetabhadra, haribhadra, vyatipAtikabhadra, subhadra, sarvatobhadra, manuzyayakSa, vanAdhipati, vanAhAra, rUpayakSa tathA yakSotama haiM / 58 jaina AgamoM meM vibhinna sthaloM ke caityoM kA ullekha hai jahA~ mahAvIra vizrAma karate the| unameM pUrNabhadra, bahuputrikA tathA guNazila jaise caityoM kA ullekha nizcita hI yakSa caityoM se sambandhita hai|59 jaina granthoM meM yakSa kA nirUpaNa jinoM ke cAmaradhArI sevaka ke rUpa meM bhI huA hai / 6 // jaina granthoM meM maNibhadra, pUrNabhadra yakSa tathA bahuputrikA yakSI ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai|61 paumacariya meM pUrNabhadra tathA maNibhadra yakSoM kA zAntinAtha ke sevaka ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 62 bhagavatIsUtra meM bahuputrikA ko maNibhadra va pUrNabhadra yakSendroM kI cAra pramukha rAniyoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai|63 yU0 pI0 zAha ke anusAra jaina devakula ke prAcInatama yakSa-yakSI sarvAnubhUti (yA mAtaMga yA gomadha )64 aura ambikA kI kalpanA nizcita rUpa se maNibhadra-pUrNabhadra, yakSa tathA bahuputrikA yakSI ke pUjana kI prAcIna paramparA AdhArita hai|65 vidyAdeviyA~: vidyAoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika svarUpoM kI dhAraNA prArambhika granthoM meM prApta hotI hai| ye vastutaH tAMtrika deviyA~ thiiN| yU0 pI0 zAha
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________________ 40 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ke anusAra vidyAdeviyoM kA astitva mahAvIra tathA buddha ke hI samaya se thaa| paumacariya tathA vasudevahiNDI vibhinna vidyAdeviyoM jaise rohiNI, prajJapti, savAstramahAjvAlA, gaurI tathA gAndhArI ke viSaya meM jAnakArI kA prAcInatama srota hai| usake bAda 16 vidyAdeviyoM yA mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI bnii|67 jaina zilpa meM lagabhaga AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 se hI inakA nirUpaNa milane lagatA hai / 68 Agama granthoM meM vidyAoM kA AcaraNa jaina AcAryoM ke lie varjita thaa| para kAlAntara meM vidyAdeviyA~, grantha evaM zilpa kI sarvAdhika lokapriya viSaya-vastu bana gayIM / jaina paramparA meM ina vidyAoM kI saMkhyA 48 hajAra taka batAyI gayI hai / 61 bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya buddha evaM mahAvIra ke samaya meM jAdU, camatkAra, maMtroM evaM vidyAoM kA ullekha karate haiM / 70 nAyAdhammakahAo meM utpatanI ( uppayanI) evaM coroM kI sahAyaka vidyAoM kA ullekha hai / 71 isa grantha meM mahAvora ke pramukha ziSya sudharmA ko maMtra va vidyA kA jJAtA batAyA gayA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM jAMgoli evaM mAtaMga vidyAoM ke ullekha haiN|72 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke pApazru toM meM vaitAlI, ardhavaitAlI, avasvapanI, tAludhdhAdaNI, zvApAkI, sovArI, kaliMgI, gaurI, gAndhArI, avedanI, utpatanI evaM stambhanI Adi vidyAoM ke ullekha haiN| sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke gaurI evaM gAndhArI vidyAoM ko kAlAntara meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gyaa|74 paumacariya vidyAdeviyoM ke prArambhika vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa evaM grantha ke anya pAtroM dvArA yuddhAdi ke samaya aneka prakAra kI vidyAoM kI prApti ke lie pUjana Adi ke sandarbha milate haiN|75 rAma va lakSmaNa dvArA prApta kI gayI garuDA aura kesarI vidyAoM se hI kAlAntara meM apraticakrA aura mahAmAnasI vidyAoM kA svarUpa vikasita huA jinake vAhana garuDa aura siMha haiM / 76 vidyAoM kI prApti ke lie vItarAgI tIrthaMkaroM kI ArAdhanA ke sandarbha sarvaprathama paumacariya meM hI milate haiN|77 eka sthala para rAvaNa dvArA zAntinAtha ke mandira meM bahurUpA yA ( bahurUpiNI ) mahAvidyA kI siddhi karane tathA yuddhasthala meM isa mahAvidyA ke rAvaNa ke samIpa hI sthita hone ke sandarbha mahatvapUrNa haiN|78 / eka sthala para rAvaNa dvArA vividharUpadhArI hajAroM vidyAoM kI siddhi kA bhI ullekha huA hai / 79 isa grantha meM rAvaNa dvArA siddha aneka vidyAoM meM se eka sthala para 55 vidyAoM kI sUcI bhI dI gayI hai jinameM se prajJapti, kaumArI, laghimA, vrajodarI, varuNI, vijayA, jayA,
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________________ jaina devakula : 41 vArAhI, kauberI, yogezvarI, cANDAlI, zaMkarI, bahurUpA tathA sarvakAmA Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha grantha meM vibhinna sthaloM para huA hai| eka sthala para rAvaNa ke viruddha yuddha meM vijaya prApta karane ke uddezya se rAma va lakSmaNa dvArA smaraNa kiye jAne para mahAlocana deva dvArA rAma ko siMhavAhinI vidyA tathA lakSmaNa ko garuDA vidyA diye jAne kA ullekha hai / kAlAntara meM inhIM vidyAoM se garuDavAhinI apraticakrA tathA siMhavAhinI mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI dhAraNA vikasita huI / 2 paumacariya meM ullikhita vidyAdeviyoM kA kAlAntara meM la0 AThavIMnavIM zatI I0 meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI ke nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva rahA hai / 3 lokapAla : ___ AgamagranthoM meM lokapAloM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| paumacariya meM lokapAloM se ghire indra ke airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha hone kA ullekha hai| 4 indra ne hI zazi ( soma ) kI pUrva, varuNa kI pazcima, kubera kI uttara tathA yama kI dakSiNa dizA meM sthApanA kii|5 anya devatA : _sthAnAMgasUtra tathA anya jaina Agama granthoM meM jaina devoM ko cAra pramukha vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-bhavanavAsI ( eka sthala para nivAsa karane vAle ), vyantara (bhramaNazIla), jyotiSka (AkAzIya nakSatra se sambandhita) evaM vaimAnika yA vimAnavAsI (svarga ke deva ) / 7 jaina devakula ke isa vargIkaraNa ko donoM sampradAyoM ( digambara tathA zvetAmbara ) ne samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyaa|8 donoM hI saMpradAyoM ne pahale varga meM 10, dUsare meM 8, tIsare meM 5 tathA cauthe varga meM 30 devatAoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| devatAoM kA yaha vibhAjana nirantara mAnya rahA, para zilla meM indra, yakSa, agni, navagraha tathA kucha anya ko hI AkArita kiyA gyaa| jaina granthoM meM aise devoM ke bhI ullekha haiM jinakI pUjA loka paramparA meM pracalita thI aura jo hindU tathA bauddha dharmoM meM bhI lokapriya the / 20 inameM rudra, ziva, skanda, mukunda, vAsudeva, vaizramaNa ( yA kubera ), gandharva, pitara, nAga, bhUta, pizAca, lokapAla ( sauma, yama, varuNa, kubera ), vaizavAnara ( agnideva ) Adi deva tathA zrI, ho, dhRti, kIrti, ajjA (pArvatI yA AryA yA caNDikA), koTTakiriyA ( mahiSAsuravadhikA) Adi deviyA~ pramukha haiN|91
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________________ 42 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki pA~cavIM zatI I0 ke anta taka jaina devakula ke mala svarUpa kI avadhAraNA kAphI hada taka niyata ho cukI thii| ina granthoM meM jinoM, zalAkApuruSoM, yakSoM, vidyAoM, sarasvatI, lakSmI, kRSNa balarAma, naigamaiSI evaM lokadharma meM pracalita vibhinna devoM ke nAmollekha evaM kahIM lakSaNaparaka prArambhika sandarbha bhI milate haiN|92 (kha) paravartIkAla (6Tho se 15vIM zatI I0 taka) : ___ jaina devakula ke paravartI vikAsa ke adhyayana meM la0 chaThI se 15vIM zatI I0 kI sAhityika sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| hIrAlAla jaina ke anusAra Agama granthoM meM pratipAdita viSayoM ko saMkSepa yo vistAra se samajhAne ke liye chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM niyukti, bhASya, carNi aura TIkA granthoM kI racanA kI gayI jinheM Agama kA aMza mAnA gyaa| AThavIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita kaI zvetAmbara va digambara granthoM kI racanA kI gyii| kahAvalI ( bhadrezvarakRta-zvetAmbara ) tathA tiloyapaNNatti ( yativRSabhakRtadigambara ) 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ke do prArambhika grantha haiN|94 isake atirikta 9vIM se 92vIM zatI I0 ke madhya 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana se sambandhita jina granthoM kI racanA huI unameM mahApurANa ( jinasena va guNabhadrakRta-9vIM-10vIM zatI I0), tisaTThi-mahApurisaguNalaMkAra ( puSpadantakRta-965 I0), evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (hemacandrakRta-12vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArdha) pramukha haiM / 5 rAma, kRSNa tathA kaurava-pANDavoM kI kathAvastu ko lekara aneka jaina paurANika mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huyI / 96 rAmaviSayaka paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM paumariya (vimalasUrikRta ), padmacarita yA padmapurANa ( raviSeNakRta), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (hemacandrakRta), uttarapurANa ( guNabhadrakRta ), mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ) tathA kannar3a cAmuNDarAyapurANa vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / inameM vimalasUrikRta paumacariya, raviSaNakRta padmapurANa tathA hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM rAmakathA adhikAMzataH vAlmIki ke rAmAyaNa ke Upara AdhArita hai jabaki guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa, puSpadanta ke mahApurANa evaM kannar3a cAmuNDarAyapurANa kI rAmakathA viSNupurANa tathA bauddha dazaratha jAtaka se milatI julatI hai|97
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________________ jaina devakula : 43 mahAbhArata viSayaka paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM jinasenakRta harivaMza - purANa ( 783 I0), devaprabhasUrikRta pANDavacarita ( 1213 I0 ), bhaTTAraka zubhacandrakRta pANDavapurANa ( 1551 I0 ) pramukha haiM / " 10vIM se 13vIM zatI I0 ke madhya tIrthaMkaroM, cakravartiyoM, baladevoM, vAsudevoM Adi ke jIvanacarita se saMbaMdhita svataMtra grantha paryApta saMkhyA meM likhe gaye / 99 inameM mukhya rUpa se RSabha, sumati, supArzva, dharma, vAsupUjya, zAnti, nemi, pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke Upara adhika carita grantha likhe gaye / 100 inake atirikta 12 cakravartI tathA anya zalAkApuruSoM para jo svataMtra racanAe~ huI unameM bharatezvarAbhyudayakAvya ( AzAdharakRta ), sanatkumAracarita ( zrI candrasUrikRta ), subhauma carita ( bhaTTAraka - ratnacanda prathama ), kRSNacarita ( devendrasUri ) pramukha haiM / 101 inake atirikta caturviMzatikA (bappabhaTTisUrikRta - 743 - 838 I0), nirvANakalikA (la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0), pratiSThAsArasaMgraha ( 12vIM zatI I0 ), mantrAdhirAjakalpa ( la0 12vIM zatI I0 ), triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, caturvi - zati - jinacaritra ( amaracandasUri - 1241 I0 ), pratiSThAsAroddhAra ( 13vIM zatI I0 kA pUrvArdha), pratiSThAtilakama ( 1547 I0 ) evaM AcAradinakara (1412 I0) jaise pratimA lAkSaNika granthoM kI bhI racanA huI jinameM pratimA nirUpaNa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha haiM / 102 0 chaThI se 10vIM zatI I0 ke madhya jaina devakula ke devoM kI saMkhyA evaM unake dhArmika kRtyoM meM mahattvapUrNa parivartana hue| paravartI yuga meM jaina devakula meM 24 jinoM aura unake yakSa-yakSI yugaloM (gAsana devatAoM ) anya 39 zalAkApuruSa, 16 mahAvidyA, aSTadikpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla, gaNeza, brahmazAnti evaM karpA yakSa, 64 yoginI ( AcAradinakara ), zAnti devI, jinoM ke mAtA-pitA evaM bharata, bAhubalI Adi sammilita the / isI avadhi meM ina devoM kI svataMtra lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ bhI nirdhArita huI / 103 903 yakSa-yakSI : la0 6ThI zatI I0 meM jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugaloM (zAsanadevatAoM) kI dhAraNA kA vikAsa ho cukA thA / 104 ye yakSa yakSI jinoM ke sevaka ke rUpa meM saMgha kI rakSA karate haiM / 105 yakSa- yakSI yugala se yukta prAcInatama jina mUrti chaThI zatI I0 kI hai / | 106 la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 taka 24 jinoM ke svataMtra yakSa- yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI nirdhArita ho
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________________ -44 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana gayI thI / 107 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI prArambhika sUcI tiloyapaNNanti 108 ( digambara ), kahAvalI ( zvetAmbara ) evaM pravacanasAroddhAra 101 ( zvetA-mbara ) meM varNita hai / " tiloya paNNatti meM varNita 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai / 110 24 yakSoM meM govadana, mahAyakSa, trimukha, yakSezvara, tumbukha, mAtaMga, vijaya, ajita, brahma brahmezvara kumAra, SaNmukha, pAtAla, kinnara, kimpuruSa, garur3a, gandharva, kubera, varuNa, bhRkuTi, gomedha, pArzva, mAtaMga tathA guhyaka kA tathA 24 yakSiyoM meM cakrezvarI, rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazrRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, apraticakrezvarI, puruSadattA, manovegA, kAlo jvAlAmAlinI, mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAndhArI, vairoTI, solasA, anantamatI, mAnasI, mahAmAnasI, jayA, vijayA, aparAjitA, bahurUpiNI, -kuSmANDI, padmA aura siddhAyinI kA nAmollekha huA hai / 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA vistRta nirUpaNa sarvaprathama 11vIM - 13vIM zatI I0 ke pratiSThA granthoM ( nirvANakalikA, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, pratiSThAsArasaMgraha evaM pratiSThAsAroddhAra ) meM milatA hai | zvetAmbara tathA digambara granthoM meM yakSa-yakSiyoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sandarbha meM paryApta antara hai / 111 jaina zilpa meM kevala yakSiyoM ke hI sAmUhika utkIrNana kA prayAsa kiyA gayA jisakA prAraMbhikatama udAharaNa devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0 ) ke zAntinAtha mandira ( mandira - 12,862 I0 ) para hai / 112 mahApurANa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSa - yakSI yugaloM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / vidyAdeviyA~ : vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAsakRta) meM vidyAoM ko gandharva evaM pannagoM se sabaddha batAyA gayA hai / 113 AvazyakacUrNi (jinadAsakRta) evaM Avazyakaniryukti ( haribhadrasUrikRta ) meM gaurI, gAMdhArI, rohiNI tathA prajJapti kA pramukha vidyAoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 114 lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 meM aneka vidyAdeviyoM meM se 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI taiyAra huI / 115 padmacarita ( raviSeNakRta - 676 I0 ) meM nami, vinami kI kathA tathA prajJapti vidyA kA ullekha hai / " harivaMzapurANa meM prajJapti, rohiNI, aMgAriNI, mahAgaurI, gaurI, sarvavidyAprakarSiNI, mahAzvetA, mAyUrI, hArI, nirvajJazAr3acalA, tiraskAriNI, chAyAsaMkrAmiNI, kUSmANDa, gaNamAtA, sarva vidyAvirAjitA, AryakuSmANDadevI, acyutA, AryavatI, gAndhArI, nivRti,
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________________ jaina devakula : 49 117 daNDAdhyakSagaNa, daNDabhUtasaMhastraka, bhadrakAlI, mahAkAlI, kAlI evaM kAlamukhI Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha huA hai / uttarapurANa meM kaI alagaalaga sandarbhoM meM aneka vidyAoM kA nAmollekha hai jinameM garuDavAhinI evaM siMhavAhinI pUrvaparamparA ( paumacariya) kI lokapriya vidyAe~ haiM jinase kramazaH apraticakrA evaM mahAmAnasI vidyAdeviyoM kA AvirbhAva huA / hanumAna evaM sugrIva dvArA rAma-lakSmaNa ko kaI vidyAe~ dene aura amitateja ( vidyAdharoM ke indra evaM zAMtinAtha jina ke samakAlIna ) dvArA vibhinna vidyAoM kI siddhi ke sandarbha meM kAmarUpiNI, utpAdinI, vazakIraNI, mAtaMgI, cANDAlI, gaurI, rohiNI, manovegA, vetAlI, mahAjvAlA, bandhamocinI, prajJapti, bhrAmarI, garuDavAhinI, siMhavAhinI vidyAoM ke ullekha paravartI 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se mahattva - pUrNa hai / 118 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM adhikAMzataH pUrvavartI granthoM meM ullikhita vidyAe~ hI sammilita haiM / 119 vijayapahutta ( mAnadevasUrikRta, 9vIM zatI I0 ), saMhitAsAra ( indranandikRta 939 I0 ) tathA stuticaturviMzatikA ( zobhanamunikRta - la0 973 I0 ) meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI prArambhika sUcI prApta hotI hai jise bAda meM usI rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA / 120 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM nimnalikhita nAma milate haiM : rohiNI, vajrazrRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, cakrezvarI yA apraticakrA, naradattA yA puruSadattA, kAlI yA kAlikA, mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAndhArI, sarvAstramahAjvAlA yA jvAlA ( jvAlAmAlinI - digambara ), mAnavI, vairoTyA ( vai roTI - digambara), acchuptA ( acyutA - digambara), mAnasI tathA mahAmAnasI / 121 16 mahAvidyAoM kA aMkana vizeSarUpa se rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta meM lokapriya thA / 9vIM zatI I0 ke bAda gujarAta ( kuMbhAriyA, delavAr3A ) evaM rAjasthAna (osiyA~ ) ke zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM para mahAvidyAoM kA niyamita aMkana prApta hotA hai / 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika ukerana ke udAharaNa kumbhAriyA, banAsakAMThA, (gujarAta) ke zAntinAtha mandira ( 11vIM zatI I0 ), vimalavasahI ( 12vIM zatI I0 ) evaM lUNavasahI ( raMgamaMDapa, 1230 I0 ) se prApta hote haiM / 122 rAma aura kRSNa : vasudevahiNDI, padmapurANa, kahAvalI, uttarapurANa, ' 123 mahApurANa ( puSpadantakRta - 965 I0), paumacariya ( svayambhUdevakRta - 977 I0 )
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________________ 46 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra Adi granthoM meM rAma ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita vibhinna ghaTanAoM evaM harivaMzapurANa (jinasenakRta), harivaMzapurANa (dhavalakRta-11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM kRSNa-balarAma ke jIvana se sambandhita vibhinna ghaTanAoM kA vistRta ullekha huA hai / jaina zilpa meM rAma kA rUpAyana kevala khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira para upalabdha hai124 jabaki balarAma-kRSNa kA nirUpaNa devagar3ha ( mandira 2) evaM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (kra0 66.53 ) kI neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM milatA hai / 125 isake atirikta vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI evaM kuMbhAriyA ke mahAvIra mandiroM ke vitAnoM para bhI... neminAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM meM tathA svataMtra rUpa se balarAma-kRSNa ke aMkana draSTavya haiM / 126 bharata va bAhubalI : jaina granthoM meM RSabhanAtha ke putroM-bharata evaM bAhubalI ke madhya hue yaddha, bAhabalI kI vijaya, virakti evaM kaThina sAdhanA tathA jIvana ke antima dinoM meM bharata dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karane ke vistRta ullekha haiM / 127 AdipurANa meM ullikhita bharata-bAhubalI ke dvandva-yuddha, bAhubalI kI kaThina tapazcaryA evaM kAlAntara meM bharata cakravartI ke dIkSA lene aura kaivalya prApta karane ke sandarbha devagar3ha, khajurAho, elorA, bAdAmI tathA ayahola jaise sthaloM para, bAhubalI evaM bharata ke zilpAMkana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / 128 jaina zilpa meM bharata-bAhubalI ke yuddha kA vistRta zilpAMkana vimalavasahI evaM kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha mandira meM haiM / 129 isake atirikta bharata evaM bAhubalI kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ bhI devagar3ha, khajurAho, bilaharI evaM elorA meM utkIrNa haiM / 130 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA : jaina granthoM meM 24 jinoM kI upAsanA ke ullekha milate haiM / mAtAoM kI upAsanA ke sandarbha jinoM ke pitA kI tulanA meM adhika milate haiM / 131 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA kI gaNanA mahAna AtmAoM meM kI gayI hai| 132 samavAyAMgasUtra meM varNita mAtA-pitA kI sUcI hI kAlAntara meM mAnya huI / 133 yU0 pI0 zAha ke anusAra prAcInakAla se hI tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA ko bhI jaina devakula va upAsanA meM mahattva prApta thaa|134 mahApurANa meM kaI sthaloM para indra dvArA tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA ke pUjana
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________________ jaina devakula : 47 ke sandarbha kAlAntara meM unake svataMtra zilpAMkana aura mUrtipUjana kI dRSTi mahatvapUrNa hai / 15 jaina zilpa va citroM meM jinoM kI mAtAoM ke citraNa kA prAcIna udAharaNa osiyA~ ( 1018 I0 ) se prApta hotA hai / isake anya udrAharaNa pATaNa, AbU, giranAra, kuMbhAriyA ( mahAvIra mandira), khajurAho evaM devagar3ha se mile haiM (citra 23 ) / 136 isI prakAra 24 jinoM ke mAtA-pitA ke sAmUhika aMkana ke prArambhika udAharaNa ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) kuMbhAriyA ke zAMtinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM ke vitAnoM para dekhe jA sakate haiM / inameM AkRtiyoM ke nIce unake nAma bhI abhilikhita haiM / 137 divapAla : dizAoM ke svAmI dikpAloM yA lokapAloM kA pUjana vAstudevatAoM ke rUpa meM bhI lokapriya thA / 138 AdipurANa meM cAra dizAoM ke cAra lokapAloM (soma, yama, varuNa, kubera ) evaM uttarapurANa meM aSTa-dikpAloM ke nAmollekha milate haiM / 13 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM bhI indra dvArA cAra lokapAloM - kubera, yama, agni tathA IzAna kI niyukti kA ullekha hai jinake vAhana, kramazaH nara, mahiSa, meSa va vRSabha hai / 140 dikpAloM ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita prArambhika ullekha nirvANakalikA evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM haiM para jaina mandiroM para inakA utkIrNana la0 navIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA, jisakA udAharaNa osiyAM ( rAjasthAna ) ke mahAvIra mandira para hai / 141 jaina granthoM meM dasa dikpAloM ke ullekha haiM indra (pUrva), agni ( dakSiNa - pUrva ), yama (dakSiNa), nirmRti ( dakSiNapazcima ), varuNa (pazcima), vAyu ( pazcima uttara ), kubera ( uttara ), IzAna (uttara-pUrva), brahmANDa ( AkAza ) evaM nAgadeva ( yA dharaNendrapAtAla ) haiM / inakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ kAphI kucha brAhmaNa paramparA ke dikpAloM se prabhAvita haiM / 142 jaina zilpa meM aSTadikpAloM kA hI utkIrNana lokapriya thA / 143 navagraha : jaina devakula meM navagrahoM ke svarUpa kA vikAsa prArambhika jaina granthoM kI sUrya, candra, graha Adi jyotiSka devoM kI dhAraNA se huA / 144 uttarapurANa meM sUrya pUjana aura sUrya mandira nirmANa kA ullekha hai / ' jaina zilpa meM vizeSa rUpa se digambara sthaloM para navagrahoM (sUrya, candra, - maMgala, budha, guru, zukra, zani, rAhu va ketu) kA ukerana 10vIM zatI 145
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________________ 48 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana I0 meM prArambha huA / 146 inake udAharaNa khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha, devagar3ha ke zAntinAtha evaM dhANerAva ke mahAvIra mandiroM ke praveza-dvAroM para dekhe jA sakate haiM / 147 kSetrapAla : kSetrapAla ko jaina devakula meM la0 gyArahavIM zatI I0 meM sammilita kiyA gayA / 148 inakI mUrtiyA~ kevala ( 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) khajurAho evaM devagar3ha jaise digambara sthaloM se hI milI haiM (citra 51) / 149 64 yoginiyA~ : ___ madhyayuga meM 64 yoginiyoM ko kalpanA kI gyii| bI0sI0 bhaTTAcArya ne jaina devakula ke 64 yoginiyoM kI do sUciyA~ dI haiM / 150 inameM se kucha nAma hindU yoginiyoM se mela khAte haiM tathA kucha anya kevala jainadharma meM hI upalabdha haiM / jaina zilpa meM inheM kabhI AmUrtita nahIM kiyA gyaa|151 gaNeza : ___ la0 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 meM brAhmaNa devakula ke lokapriya devatA gaNeza ko jaina devakula meM sammilita kiyA gayA / 152 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM inheM heramba tathA lambodara kahA gayA hai / 153 yU0 pI0 zAha ke anusAra 14vIM-15vIM zatI I0 meM gaNeza kI upAsanA jaina mandiroM meM hone lgii|154 jinake udAharaNa jaina mandiroM meM bhI dekhane ko milate haiM / gaNeza kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ sarvaprathama AcAradinakara155 meM vivecita haiN| gaNeza kI lokapriyatA adhikatara zvetAmbaroM meM thii| inakA mUrta aMkana la0 10vIM zatI I0 se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya huA jisake udAharaNa mathurA kI ambikA mUrti meM, osiyA~ kI jaina devakulikAoM ke pravezadvAroM evaM bhitti para tathA kumbhAriyA ke neminAtha mandira ( 12vIM zatI I0) para haiM / 156 zilpazAstroM evaM mUrta udAharaNoM meM gajamukha gaNeza ko ekadanta, mUSakArUr3ha tathA karoM meM svadanta, parazu, aMkuza, modaka-pAtra aura abhaya yA varadamudrA ke sAtha dikhAyA gayA hai|157 brahmazAnti yakSa: ___ sarvaprathama caturviMzatikA158 (zobhanasUrikRta ) evaM nirvANakalikA159 meM brahmazAnti yakSa kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA nirUpaNa milatA hai| vividhatIrthakalpa ( jinaprabhasUrikRta) ke satyapura tIrthakalpa meM brahmazAnti
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________________ jaina devakula : 49 yakSa ke pUrvajanma kI kathA bhI dI hai / 160 brahmazAnti yakSa kevala zvetAmbaroM meM hI lokapriya the ( citra 28 ) / unake sAtha jaTAmukuTa, chatra, akSamAlA, kamaNDalu tathA haMsavAhana kA pradarzana kabhI brahmA aura kabhI vAmana kA prabhAva darzAtA hai / 161 kapardI yakSa : 163 yU0 pI0 zAha ne kapardI yakSa ko ziva se prabhAvita mAnA hai / 162 caturviMzatikA meM kapa yakSa kA ullekha yakSarAja ke rUpa meM huA hai / ' isake atirikta vividhatIrthaMkalpa evaM zatruMjayamAhAtmya (dhanezvasUrikRta - la0 1100 I0 ) meM kapardI yakSa kA varNana vistAra ke sAtha huA hai / 164 inake mUrta udAharaNa zatruMjaya pahAr3I evaM vimalavasahI se prApta hote haiM / kapardI yakSa kI lokapriyatA zvetAmbaroM taka hI sImita thI / 165 isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki la0 12vIM 13vIM zatI I0 taka jaina devakula pUrI taraha vikasita ho cukA thA jisameM na kevala vibhinna devatAoM kI avadhAraNA varan unake vistRta lakSaNa bhI niyata kiye jA cuke the aura tadnurUpa devagar3ha, khajurAho, bilaharI, khaNDagiri, rAjagira, elorA jaise digambara evaM osiyA~, delavAr3A, kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM para vibhinna deva svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa huA / pUrNa vikasita devakula meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM evaM unake yakSa-yakSI yugaloM, vidyAdeviyoM tathA bharata, rAma, kRSNa, balarAma sahita 39 zalAkApuruSoM, aSTadikpAloM, navagrahoM, lakSmI, sarasvatI, naigameSI, indra, brahmazAMti evaM kapardI yakSa aura gaNeza jaise devI-devatA sammilita the / sAhitya aura zilpa ke AdhAra para 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke bAda yakSI, vidyAdevI, lakSmI, sarasvatI Adi ke rUpa meM deviyoM ko hI sarvAdhika pratiSThA dI gayI jo zakti aura tAntrika pUjana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / jaina devakula ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahApurANa kI sAmagrI kI kucha nijI vizeSatAe~ rahI haiM jo kinhIM arthoM meM 9vIM - 10vIM zatI I0 meM jaina devakula ke vikAsa ke anurUpa haiM / digambara paramparA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA svataMtra nirUpaNa 12vIM zatI I0 meM huA jo pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM varNita hai / saMbhavata: isI kAraNa jaina mahApurANa meM 24 yakSayakSa yugaloM kA anullekha hai / 24 tIrthaMkaroM sahita 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana carita kA mahApurANa meM vistRta ullekha huA hai / 63 zalAkApuruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM, rAma, balarAma, kRSNa, bharata, bAhubalI Adi ke 4
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________________ 50 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana sandarbha elorA, devagar3ha, khajurAho tathA anya digambara sthaloM para unake mUrta abhivyakti ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM / RSabhanAtha ke vibhinna nAmoM ke sandarbha meM brahmA, viSNu, ziva aura buddha Adi ke nAmoM tathA garuDA, siMhavAhinI, prajJapti, cANDAlI, bahurUpA, rohiNI, gaurI, acyutA, gAndhArI Adi vidyAoM ke nAma spaSTataH pUrvavartI paumacariya evaM harivaMzapurANa se prabhAvita haiM / 166 mahApurANa kI vidyAdeviyoM meM se adhikAMza 10vI-11vIM zatI I0 taka 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kI gyiiN| uparyukta pramukha devoM ke atirikta mahApurANa meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM indra (jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM meM evaM tANDava nRtya ),67 ziva, viSNu, brahmA,168 vAmanadeva,169 lakSmI,170 sarasvatI,71 sUrya,172 gaMgA va sindhu devI,173 kubera,174 dikkumArI,105 bhavanavAsI, kalpavAsI, jyotiSka tathA vyantara devoM76 aura laukAntika devoM177 evaM lokapUjana se sambandhita zrI, hrI, dhRti, buddhi, aura kIti Adi deviyoM ke ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM jo jaina devakula kI vyApaka aura samanvayAtmaka avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate haiN| pAva-TippaNI 1. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 29 / 2. ema0 viNTaranitja, e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara, khaNDa-2, kalakattA 1934, pR0 434 / 3. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 29 / 4. je0 sI0 sikdara, sTaDIja ina di bhagavatIsUtra, mujaphpharapura 1964, pR0 32-38 / 5. Ara0 sI0 zarmA, 'ArTa DeTA ina rAyapaseNiya', saM0 pu0 pa0, lakhanaU, aMka 9, pR0 38 / 6. aMgavijjA, saM0 munipuNyavijaya, banArasa 1957, pR0 57 / 7. ema0 viNTaranitja, pU0 ni0, pR0 433 / / 8. samavAyAMgasUtra 18; paumacariya 1.1-2, 38-42 / 9. hastImala, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaNDa-1, jayapura 1971, pR0 46-47 / 10. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 30 /
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________________ jaina devakula : 51 11. jambUddIve NaM dIve bhArave vAse ibhiseNaM osappiNIe cauvIsaM titthagarA hotthA, taM jahA-usabha, ajiya, sambhava, abhinandaNa, sumaha, paumappaha, supAsa, candappaha, suvihipupphadaMta, sAyala, sijjasa, vAsupujja, vimala, ananta, dhamma, santi, kuntha , ara, malli, munisuvvaya, Nami, mi, pAsa, baDDhamANoya / samavAyAMgasUtra 157 / 12. bhagavatIsUtra 20.8.58-59, 16, 5 / 13. kalpasUtra 2, 184-203 / 14. yU0 pI0 zAha, biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI, saM0 pu. 50, aMka 9, pR0 3 / 15. paumacariya 1.1-7; 5.145-48 : caMdraprabha evaM suvidhinAtha kI vandanA kramazaH zaziprabha evaM kusumadaMta nAmoM se hai| 16. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 31 / 17. vhiiN| 18. eca0 jaikobI, jaina sUtraja, bhAga-2, sekreDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaNDa 45, dillI 1973 ( punamudrita ), pR0 119-29 / 19. vyAkhyAprajJapti 5.9.227 / 20. sthAnAMgasatra 22 / 21. grantha meM kevala 24 jinoM tathA 12 cakravartiyoM kI hI sUcI hai / anya ke liye mAtra itanA ullekha hai ki tripRSTha se kRSNa taka 9 vAsudeva aura acala se rAma taka 9 baladeba hoMge / samavAyAMgasUtra 132, 158, 207 / 22. kalpasatra 17 : arahantA vA cakkavaThThI vA baladevA vA vaasudevaa....| 23. paumacariya 5.145-57 / 24. paumacariya 5.154-56 / 25. paumacariya 5.157 / 26. mArutinandana tivArI tathA kamala giri, 'vimalasUrikRta paumacariya meM pratimAvijJAna paraka sAmagrI', mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha I, saM0 ___ madhusUdana DhAkI, pro0 sAgaramala jaina, vArANasI 1991, pR0148-57|| 63 zalAkApuruSoM ko sUcI sarvaprathama paumacariya (5.145-56 ) meM ho milatI hai| 28. paumacariya 1.90 ( saM0 eca0 jaikobI evaM muni puNyavijaya, prAkRta graMtha pariSada, grathAMka-6, vArANasI 1962) / 29. paumacariya 118.118 / 30. avahivisaeNa nAu, halahara-nArAyaNA turiyvegaa| paumacariya 35.22; 27.
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________________ 52. jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 39.20, 31.126; 70.33, 36; 72.22; 73.3.5, 19, 76. 36; 77.1; 78.32, 80.2 / 31. eca0 jaikobI, jainasUtraja, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 31, pAdaTippaNI 2 / 32. becaradAsa dozI, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-1, vArANasI 1966, pR0 55 / 33. eca0 jaikobo, jainasUtraja, bhAga-2, pR0 112-19; ema0 viNTaranitja, pU0ni0, pR0 469 / 34. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0 pR0 32 / 35. nAyAdhammakahAo 68 / 36. mArutinandana tivArI tathA kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 1 / 37. kalpasUtra 37 / bhagavatIsatra 11.11, 430 / 38. mArutinandana tivArI tathA kamala giri, pU0 ni0, 102 / 39. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 33 / 40. bhagavatIsUtra 11.11.430 / 41. paumacariya 3.59 / 42. aMgavijjA-aikANaMsA siri buddhi meghAkittI sarasvatI evamAdauyAo ulaladdhavAo bhavantiH-adhyAya 58, 10 223 aura 82 / 43. jyotiprasAda jaina, 'jenisisa oNva jaina liTrecara aiNDa di sarasvatI mUvameNTa', saM0 pu. 50, aMka 9, jUna 1972, pR0 30-32 / 44. rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, je 24 / 45. sthAnAMgasUtra 1 / 46. vahIM, sU0 13 / 47. kalpasUtra 14 / 48. paumacariya 3.76-88 / 49. mArutinandana tivArI, pu0 ni0, pR0 34 / / 50. vistAra ke liye draSTavya, vI0 esa0 agravAla, 'e noTa Ana di gaoNDa naigameSa', jarnala oNva di yU0 pI0 hisTaoNrikala sosAiTI, khaNDa-20, bhAga-1-2, pR0 68-73; yU0 pI0 zAha, 'harinaigameSina' ja0 I0 so0 o0 A0, khaNDa-19, pR0 19-41 / 51. kalpasUtra 20-28 / / 52. antagaDdasAo, pR0 66-67 / 53. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 34 / 54. kumArasvAmI, yakSaja, bhAga-1, dillI 1971 (punarmudrita ), pR0 36-67 /
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________________ jaina devakula / 53 55. vahIM, pR0 11, 28 / 56. uttarAdhyayanasatra 3.14-18 / 57. bhagavatIsUtra 3.7.168 / 58. tattvArthasUtra, saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, banArasa 1952, pR0 119, 146 / 59. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 35 / 60. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'yakSaja vazipa ina arlI jaina liTarecara', ja0 o0 I0 khaNDa-3, aMka-1, pR0 60-64 / 61. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, 10 35 / 62. paumacariya 67.28-59 / 63. bhagavatIsUtra 18.2, 10.5 / 64. prArambha meM yakSa kA koI eka nAma pUrNataH nizcita nahIM ho sakA thaa| 65. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 61-62 / 66. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, dillI 1987, pR0 62 / 67. vahIM, pR0 62 / / 68. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0,10 35 / 69. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0 I0 so0 o0 A0, khaNDa-15, pR0 114-117 / 70. vahIM, pR0 114 / 71. nAyAvammakahAo, saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, 1.4, pR0 1; 14.104, pR0 152; 16.129, pR0 189; 18.141, pR0 209 / 72. sthAnAMgasUtra 8.3.611; 9.3.678 / 73. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2.2.15 / 74. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 36 / 75. mArutinagdana tivArI tathA kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 2 / 76. lakhAo garuDa kesarivijjAo rAma....cakkINaM / paumacariya 78.42 / 77. mArutinandana tivArI va kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 7 / 78. paumacariya 68.23, 27 / 79. paumacariya 7.73, 107 / 80. yU0pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 117 / 81. paumacariya 59.83-84 / 82. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 36 / 83. mArutinandana tivArI va kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 9 / 84. paumacariya 7.22 /
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________________ 54 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 85. paumacariya 7.47 / 86. sthAnAMgasUtra 4.1, sU0 257, pR0 198 (draSTavya, yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1, pR0 57) / 87. samavAyAMgasUtra 150; tattvArthasatra , pR0 137-38; AcArAMgasUtra 2.15.18 / 88. ya0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1, pR0 57 / 89. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 36 / 90. yU0 pI0 zAha, biganiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI, pR0 10, saM0 pu0 pa0, 1010 / 91. bhagavatIsUtra 3.1.134; aMgavijjA, adhyAya 51 : draSTavya, mAruti nandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 36 / 92. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 36 / / 93. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla 1962, pR072-73 / 94. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 37 / 95. vahIM, pR0 37 / 96. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0 ni0, pR0 34 / 97. vahIM, pR0 41 / 98. vahIM, pR0 43,46, 49-53 / 99. vahIM, pR0 79 / 100. ema0 viNTaranitz2a, pU0 ni0, pR0 510-17 / 101. gulAbacandra caudharI, pU0ni0, pR0 128-131 / 102. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni, pR0 37 / 103. vhiiN| 104. yU0pI0 zAha, 'iNTroDakzana oNva zAsana devatAz2a ina jaina varazipa', prosiDiMgsa eNDa TrAnjekzansa oNva di Ala iNDiyA oriyaNTala kAnpha rensa, 20vA adhivezana, 1959, pR0 141-143 / 105. harivaMzapurANa 65.43-45 / 106, yU0pI0 zAha, akoTA bronjeja, bambaI 1959, pR0 28-29, phalaka 10-11; mArutinandana tivAro, pU0 ni0, pR0 38 / / 107. ya0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI AMka RSabhanAtha', ja0 o0 i0, khaNDa-20, aMka-3, pR0 306 / 108. tiloyapaNatti 4.604-605 /
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________________ - jaina devakula : 55 109. pravacanasAroddhAra 381-382 / 110. tiloyapaNNatti 4.934-39 / / 111. mArutinandana tivArI, pu0 ni0, pR0 39 / 112. vahIM, pR0 39-40 / 113. vahIM, pR0 40 / 114. yU0 pI0 zAha, sAIkanogrAphI oNva siksaTona jaina mahAvidyAja, pU0 ni0, pR0 116-17 / 315. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 40 / 116. vhiiN| 117. harivaMzapurANa 22.61-66 / 118. uttarapurANa 62.387-401, 411; 68.468-69; 513-14, 520. 21, 618-19 / 119. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 40 / 120. yU0 pI0 zAha, pa0ni0, 10 119-20 / 121. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 41 / 122. mArutinandana tivArI, 'di AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina ___ mahAvidyAz2a aija DepikTeDa ina da zAntinAtha Tempala, kumbhAriyA', sambodhi, khaNDa 2, aMka-3, pR0 15.22 / 123. uttarapurANa parva 67-68 / / 124. mArutinandana tivArI, 'e noTa oNna aina imeja oNva rAma eNDa sItA oNna di pArzvanAza Tempala', khajurAho, jaina jarnala, khaNDa-8, aMka-1, pR0 30-32 / 125. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 41 / 126. mArutinandana tivArI, 'jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM kRSNa', jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, ArA, bhAga-26, aMka-2, pR0 5-11; aina anapablizDa imeja oNva neminAtha, phrAma devagar3ha, jaina jarnala, khaNDa-8, aMka-2, pR0 84-85 / 127. paumacariya 4.54-55; harivaMzapurANa 11.98-102, 13.1-6; AdipurANa 36.106-85; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 5.740-98 / 128. AdipurANa, parva 36, 47 / 129. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 41-42 / 130. vhiiN| 131. vhiiN| 132. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'pereNTsa oNva di tIrthakaraja', buleTina oNva di priMsa Ava velsa myUjiyama, bambaI, aMka-5, 1955-57, pR0 24.32 /
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________________ 56 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 133. samavAyAMgasatra 157 / 134. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1, pR0 62 / 135. AdipurANa 14.78; uttarapurANa 73.88 / 136. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 42 / 137. vhiiN| 138. bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya, jaina AikanogrAphI, lAhaura 1939, pR0 148 / 139. AdipurANa 10.192; uttarapurANa 54.102-10 / 140. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 7.1.105-11; 7.7.50, 1.5.590 / 141. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pu0 42 / 142. vahIM, pR0 43 / 143. vahIM, pR0 42 / 144. vahIM, pR0 43 / 145. uttarapurANa 73.56-60 / 146. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, 50 43 / 147. vhiiN| 148. nirvANakalikA 21.2; AcAradinakara, bhAga-2, kSetrapAla, pR0 180 / 159. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 43 / 150. bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya, pU0 ni0, pR0 183-184 / 151. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 43 / 152. mArutinandana tivArI, 'sama anapablizDa jaina skalpacarsa oNva gaNeza phAma velTarna iNDiyA, jaina jarnala, khaNDa-9, aMka-3, pR0 90.92 / 153. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.1.654; 5.4.196 / 154. yU0pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1, pR0 63 / 155. AcAradinakara, bhAga-2, gaNapatipratiSThA 1-2, pR0 210 / 156. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 44 / 157. mArutinandana tivArI, elimeNTsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI, vArANasI 1983, pR0 110.21 / 158. stuticaturviMzatikA 16.4, pR0 179 / 159, nirvANakalikA 21, pR0 38 / 160. vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 28-30 / 161. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 44 / 162. kU0 po0 zAha, 'brahma zAnti aiNDa kapI yakSaNa', vargaka oNpa di ema0 esa0 yUnivasiMTo oNpha bar3oma, kha05 aMka hai, 065-68;
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________________ jaina devakula : 57 mArutinandana tivArI, 'brahmazAMtiyakSa', paM0 becaradAsa dozI smRti grantha ( saM0 ema0 e0 DhAkI), vArANasI, 1989, pR0 126-131 / 263. stuticaturviMzatikA 19.4, pR0 215 / 164. yU0pI0 zAha, 50 ni0, pR0 65-68 / 165. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0ni0, pR0 44 / 266. paumacariya 7.73, 107; 59.83-84; 68.23, 27; harivaMzapurANa 22.61-66 / 167. AdipurANa 12.69-76, 85; 13.47; 14.20, 103-154; 19.22; 22.18; 23.163; uttarapurANa 50.23-24, 59.58; 63.169 / 168. AdipurANa 25.100.217 / 269. uttarapurANa 70.274-93 / 170. uttarapurANa 57.17-34 / 171. bAdipurANa 38.218 / 172. uttarapurANa 73.56.60 / 173. AdipurANa 32.166, 45.153-55 / 174. AdipurANa 12.85; uttarapurANa 54.175, 63.11, 18 / 175. AdipurANa 12.162-64 / 276. AdipurANa 13.13 / 277. uttarapurANa 48.32, 53; 59.21, 40 /
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________________ tRtIya adhyAya tIrthakara (yA jina) caubIsa tIrthakaroM yA jinoM kI dhAraNA jainadharma kA mUlAdhAra hai / jaina devakula ke anya devoM kI kalpanA sAmAnyataH inhIM jinoM se sambaddha evaM unake sahAyaka rUpa meM huI hai| jinoM kA jIva bhI atIta meM sAmAnya vyakti kI hI bhA~ti vAsanA va karmabandhana meM lipta thA para Atmamanana, sAdhanA evaM tapazcaryA ke pariNAmasvarUpa usane karmabandhana se mukta hokara kevalajJAna kI prApti kI / karma va vAsanA para vijaya prApta karane ke kAraNa inheM 'jina' kahA gayA hai jisakA zAbdika artha vijetA hai| tIrtha kA kartA yA nirmAtA hone ke kAraNa inheM tIrthaMkara bhI kahA gayA hai| ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha jainadharma ke paMcamahAvrata haiN| isa dharma ko dhAraNa karane vAle zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka va zrAvikA haiM / yaha caturvidha saMgha hI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| ina tIrthoM kI sthApanA karanevAle viziSTa vyaktiyoM ko tIrthaMkara kahA gayA hai| eka samaya meM eka kSetra meM sarvajJa aneka ho sakate haiM kintu tIrthakara eka hI hoNge| tIrthakara trIjagata ke uddhAraka hote haiN| tIrthaMkara janma se hI kucha. vilakSaNatA liye hote haiN| unakI mAtAzrI dvArA unake janma ke pUrva zubha svapnoM kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara ke zarIra para 1008lakSaNa hote haiM / inake sAtha ATha mahAprAtihArya ( azoka vRkSa, surakRta puSpavRSTi, divyadhvani, cAmara, sphaTika siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala, deva-dundubhi aura chatratrayI) bhI sarvadA saMbaddha hote haiN|9 dharmatIrtha kA saMsthApaka aura cAlaka hone ke kAraNa tIrthaMkara kA balavIrya janma se hI amita hotA hai| 'ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa rUpa dharma meM jisakA mana sadA ramA rahatA hai, use deva bhI namaskAra karate haiM aura usakI sevA karate haiN|' isa ArSa vacanAnusAra tIrthaMkara sadA deva-devendroM dvArA sevita rahate haiM / 10 pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke zAsana-rakSaka yakSa-yakSiNI hote haiM jo samaya-samaya para zAsana kI saMkaTa se rakSA aura tIrthaMkaroM ke bhaktoM kI icchA pUrNa karate rahate haiN|11 vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI prAcInatama sUcI
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 59 kalpasUtra, paumacariya, samavAyAMgasUtra tathA bhagavatIsUtra meM milatI hai / 12 isa sUcI meM jina 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma milate haiM ve-RSabha, ajita, sambhava, abhinandana, sumati, padmaprabha, supArzva, candraprabha (zaziprabha), suvidhi (puSpadanta yA kusumadanta ), zItala, zreyAMza, vAsupUjya, vimala, anaMta, dharma, zAnti, kunthu, ara, malli, munisuvrata, nami, nemi (yA ariSTanemi), pArzva evaM mahAvIra ( yA vardhamAna ) haiN| isI sUcI ko kAlAntara meM aparivartita rUpa meM donoM paramparAoM meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA / bhagavatIsUtra meM munisuvrata, nAyAdhammakahAo meM nArI tIrthaMkara mallinAtha13 evaM kalpasUtra meM RSabha, nemi ( ariSTanemi), pArzva evaM mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ke vistRta ullekha haiN| digambara paramparA meM tIrthaMkara se sambandhita tathyoM kA prAcInatama saMkalana prAkRta bhASA ke tiloyapaNNatti meM milatA hai|15 prArambhika jaina granthoM meM jahA~ 24 tIrthakaroM kI sUcI evaM unase sambandhita anya ullekha prApta hote haiM vahIM jinamUrtiyoM se sambandhita ullekha kevala rAjapraznIya evaM paumacariya'" meM haiN| mathurA se kevala RSabha, sambhava 9, munisuvrata20, nemi21, pAva22 evaM mahAvIra23 tIrthaMkaroM kI kuSANakAlIna mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM kI kalpanA kaba kI gayI, yaha prazna bhI yahA~ vicAraNIya hai| vasudevahiNDI (la0 chaThI zatI I0) tathA digambara paramparA ke Arambhika prantha varAMgacarita ( jaTAsiMha nandI, la0 chaThI zatI I0 ), AdipurANa va uttarapurANa, padmacarita tathA harivaMzapurANa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM kA anullekha gaptakAla se tIrthaMkara matiyoM meM lAMchana ke aMkana ke pariprekSya meM sarvathA Azcaryajanaka hai / 25 kisI bhI kuSANakAlIna jina mUrti meM lAMchana nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama vaibhAra pahAr3I ( rAjagira ) se prApta neminAtha (cauthI-pAMcavIM zatI I.) tathA vArANasI se prApta aura bhArata kalA bhavana (kramAMka 161 ) meM surakSita mahAvIra kI guptakAlIna matiyoM meM kramazaH zaMkha aura siMha lAMchana kA aMkana huA hai|26 uparokta matiyoM ke AdhAra para nizcayAtmaka rUpa se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki lagabhaga cauthI-pA~cavI zatI I0 meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM lAMchanoM kA aMkana Arambha huaa| la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 taka jinoM ke lAMchanoM kA nirdhAraNa ho gayA thaa| tiloyapaNNatti evaM pravacanasAro-- dvAra29 meM jina lAMchanoM kI prAcInatama sUcI prApta hotI hai / 30
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________________ "60 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana yU0 pI0 zAha evaM mArutinandana tivArI ne zvetAmbara ( zve0) tathA digambara (di0 ) paramparA ke anusAra vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM kI sUcI nimna prakAra dI haitIrthaMkara lAMchana 1. RSabhanAtha (yA AdinAtha) vRSabha 2. ajitanAtha gaja 3. sambhavanAtha azva 4. abhinandana kapi ( vAnara) 5. sumatinAtha krauMca ( zve0), koka (di0) 6. padmaprabha padma 7. supArzvanAtha svastika (zve0, di0), nandyAvarta (di0) .8. candraprabha ardhacandra (zazi) 9. suvidhinAtha ( puSpadanta ) makara 10. zItalanAtha zrIvatsa ( zve0, di0), svastika (di0) 11. zreyAMzanAtha gaNDa yA khaDgI ( gaiMDA) 12. vAsupUjya mahiSa 13. vimalanAtha varAha 14. anantanAtha zyena pakSI (zve0), rIcha (di0) 15. dharmanAtha vajra 16. zAMtinAtha mRga 17. kunthunAtha 18. aranAtha nandyAvarta (zve0), matsya (di0) 19. mallinAtha12 kalaza 20. munisuvrata kUrma 21. naminAtha nIlotpala 22. neminAtha (yA ariSTanemi) zaMkha 23. pArzvanAtha sarpa 24. mahAvIra ( yA vardhamAna) siMha kucha granthoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke vargoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai jo citroM meM vibhinna jiloM kI pahacAna meM sahAyaka haiN|33 donoM para chAga
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________________ tIrthakara (pA jina) : 61 mparAoM meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha vibhinna caityavRkSa kI avadhAraNA bhI jur3I huI hai| jisa vRkSa ke nIce tIrthaMkara ko kevalajJAna kI prApti haI use hI usakA caityavRkSa mAnA gayA / 34 tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM meM caityavRkSa kA aMkana bhI milatA hai / isa prakAra kI mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa gujarAta ke pATaNa tathA sUrata se prApta hote haiM / 35 ya0 pI0 zAha ne vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke caityavRkSoM kI sUcI isa prakAra dI hai / 36 tIrthaMkara caityavRkSa 1. RSabhanAtha nyagrodha 2. ajitanAtha saptaparNa ( zve0), zAla (di0) 3. sambhavanAtha zAla ( zve0), zAla athavA prayAla ( di0) 4. abhinandana piyaka athavA priyaka (zve0), sarala athavA priyaMgu (di0) 5. sumatinAtha priyaMgu ( zve0), priyaMgu athavA sAla ( di0) 6. padmaprabha caturAbha ( zve0), priyaMgu athavA chatrA ( di0) 7. supArzvanAtha zirISa 8. candraprabha nAga vRkSa 9. suvidhinAtha mAlI ( zve0), akSa athavA zAli (di0) (yA puSpadanta ) 10. zItalanAtha pilaMku ( zve0), dhUli athavA priyaMgu (di0) 11. zreyAMsanAtha tiNDuga ( zve0), palAza athavA taMbuka (di0) 12. vAsupUjya pATala ( zve0), tenduva yA pATalA (di0 ) 13. vimalanAtha jambU (zve0), pATala yA jambU ( di0 ) 14. anantanAtha azvattha ( zve), azvattha athavA azoka (di0) 15. dharmanAtha dadhiparNa 16. zAMtinAtha 17. kunthunAtha 18. aranAtha Amra 19. mallinAtha azoka 20. munisuvrata campaka 21. naminAtha bakula 22. neminAtha betasa ( zve0), mezazRMga yA betasa (di0) nandivRkSa tilaka
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________________ .62 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana sAla 23. pArzvanAtha dhAtakI ( zve0), dhava athavA dhAtakI (di0) 24. mahAvIra kucha sthaloM para inake caityavRkSoM kI nAmAvalI meM bhinnatA bhI milatI hai,37 jo isa prakAra haitIrthaMkara caityavRkSa 1. RSabhanAtha nyagrodha ( zve0), vaTa ( di0) 2. ajitanAtha zaktiparNa ( zve0), saptaparNa ( di0) 3. abhinandananAtha piyama ( zve0) 4. padmaprabha chatrAbha ( zve0) 5. zItalanAtha pilakkhu ( zve0), plakSa (di0) 6. anantanAtha azvattha ( zve0), pIpala (di0) ..7. kunthunAtha pilakkhu .8. mahAvIra sAla ( zve0 ), zAla (di0) vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke aSTamahAprAtihAryoM kI avadhAraNA kA pUrNa vikAsa guptakAla ke anta athavA uttaraguptakAla meM huaa| paumacariya ( la0 473 zatI I0 ) meM ajitanAtha va mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM vibhinna atizayoM tathA aSTaprAtihAryoM kA ullekha huA hai|39 digambara paramparA ke grantha harivaMzapurANa meM neminAtha ke aSTaprAtihAryoM meM surapuSpa.vRSTi, devadundubhi, azokavRkSa, chatratraya, cAmaradhArI sevaka, bhAmaNDala, siMhAsana tathA bhASA kA ullekha milatA hai|40 AdipurANa41 meM RSabhadeva ke samavasaraNa ke sandarbha meM inhIM aSTaprAtihAryoM kA ullekha huA hai| kevala bhASA ke sthAna para divyadhvani batAyA gayA hai / elorA kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM dharmacakra ke atirikta aSTaprAtihAryoM ke antargata trichatra, devadundubhi, cAmaradhArI sevaka, alaMkRta siMhAsana, mAlAdhArI gandharva, prabhAmaNDala evaM azokavRkSa kA hI aMkana huA hai| Age calakara zvetAmbara paramparA ke nirvANakalikA42 ( pAdalipta sUrikRta-la0 11vIM zatI I0 ) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( hemacandra- sUrikRta, 12vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArdha) tathA digambara paramparA ke pratiSThAsArasaMgraha (vasunandikRta-la0 12vIM zatI I0) evaM pratiSThA- sAroddhAra4 (AzAdharakRta-13vIM zatI I0) meM aSTaprAtihAryoM ke
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 63 sAtha hI 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI evaM lAMchanoM kA bhI abhilakSaNa 'milatA hai| jaina Agamagrantha aupapAtikasUtra5 meM mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM mahApuruSa lakSaNoM tathA zrIvatsa kA vistAra se ullekha milatA hai| paumacariya meM RSabhadeva ko zrIvatsa se lakSita batAyA gayA hai / 46 mathurA kI zuMgakAlIna jina AkRti ( AyAgapaTa para ), lohAnIpura (paTanA) se prApta maurya-zuMga kAlIna jina pratimAoM tathA priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI kI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga kAMsya pratimA ( la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 ) meM zrIvatsa cihna kA aMkana nahIM huA hai| Age calakara mathurA meM kuSANakAla meM vaiSNava dharma ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa jina matiyoM meM zrIvatsa kA aMkana prArambha huaa|47 yaha bhI sambhava hai ki tIrthaMkara aura buddha kI Asana mUrtiyoM meM svarUpagata samAnatA ke kAraNa unameM bheda ke uddezya se zrIvatsa cihna kA aMkana prArambha huaa| jainadharma ke donoM hI paramparAoM meM 24 jinoM se sambandhita vivaraNoM meM adhikAMza bAteM, jaise paMcakalyANaka Adi samAna haiN| zvetAmbara evaM 'digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra 24 jinoM kA janma kSatriya rAjya parivAroM meM huaa| digambara paramparA ke anusAra munisuvrata tathA neminAtha kA harivaMza, dharma, ara evaM kunthu kA kuruvaMza, pArzva va mahAvIra kA agravaMza tathA anya kA janma ikSvAkuvaMza meM huaa| kintu zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kevala munisuvrata aura neminAtha kA harivaMza meM tathA anya kA anya ikSvAku vaMza meM huA thA / 49 tIrthaMkaroM ke garbha meM Ane para jinamAtAoM dvArA zubhasvapnoM ke dekhane kA ullekha donoM hI paramparAoM meM huA hai kintu digambara paraMparA meM ina zubhasvapnoM kI saMkhyA 16 tathA zvetAmbara meM 14 batAyI gayI hai|50 kalA meM bhI ina zubhasvapnoM kI abhivyakti huI hai| la0 10vIM zatI I0 se digambara paramparA meM khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha, AdinAtha, ghaMTaI tathA devagar3ha mandiroM ke pravezadvAroM para evaM zvetAmbara paramparA meM kuMbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM aura delavAr3A ke vimalavasahI aura laNavasahI ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dRzyoM ke aMkana meM kramazaH 16 aura 14 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana huA hai|51 harivaMzapurANa evaM AdipurANa meM 16 zubha svapnoM kI vistRta sUcI bhI varNita hai / 52 tIrthaMkaroM ke janma para jina-mAtAoM evaM jinazizuoM
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________________ 64 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 43 kI vibhinna prakAra se paricaryA karane ke liye dikkumAriyoM ke Ane, indra dvArA vibhinna devoM ke sAtha Akara janmakalyANaka karane tathA usa avasara para indra dvArA 32 prakAra ke nRtya Adi ke ullekha vistAra ke sAtha milate haiM / kumArAvasthA meM tIrthaMkaroM kA vivAha kisI rAjakumArI ke sAtha hone kA sandarbha prApta hotA hai / kintu sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke vivAha kA ullekha nahIM milatA / digambara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra kA vivAha nahIM huA thA jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM vivAha kA varNana upalabdha hai / 54 aise hI neminAtha vivAha ke lie jAte hue mArga se binA vivAha kiye hI lauTa gaye the / prastuta dRzya zilpAMkana 11vIM zatI I0 ke kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra aura zAntinAtha mandiroM ke vitAnoM para huA hai| kucha samaya taka rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke bAda kisI na kisI kAraNa se sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke mana meM saMsAra ke prati virakti kA bhAva utpanna hone aura aise samaya laukAntika devoM ke Ane evaM indra dvArA dIkSAkalyANaka karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 55 aneka varSoM taka kaThora tapazcaryA ke bAda kisI vRkSa ( jise caitya -- vRkSa kahA gayA hai ) ke nIce tIrthaMkara dvArA kevalajJAna kI prApti tathA saudharma indra kA anya devoM ke sAtha Akara unake jJAnakalyANaka kA Ayojana evaM unake prathama upadeza ( dharmadezanA ) ko sunane ke liye devoM dvArA samavasaraNa ( upadeza sthalI ) ke nirmANa kA ullekha bhI jaina sAhitya meM vistAra ke sAtha milatA hai / 6 AdipurANa evaM uttarapurANa meM bhI vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke samavasaraNa kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai jisake mUrta udAharaNa vibhinna zvetAmbara aura digambara sthaloM para dekhe jA sakate haiM / kucha varSoM taka vibhinna sthAnoM para bhramaNa karane, dharma kA upadeza dene tathA jaina tIrtha athavA saMgha kI sthApanA karane ke bAda samasta bandhanoM ko tor3akara unheM nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / isa avasara para punaH indra ke aneka devoM ke sAtha Ane va tIrthaMkara ke nirvANakalyANaka ke sampAdana kA ullekha jaina granthoM meM milatA hai / 57 vRSabhasena, candrAnana, vAriseNa tathA vardhamAna ina cAra tIrthaMkaroM ko zAzvat jina kahA gayA hai kyoMki pratyeka utsarpiNI athavA avarsApaNI yuga meM ina cAra tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma avazya Ate haiM / inakA ullekha jIvAjIvAbhigamasUtra "" meM milatA hai / RSabhanAtha, zAntinAtha, muni -
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________________ tIrthaMkara ( yA jina ) : 65 , suvrata, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra tathA kucha anya tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANakoM aura jIvana ke kucha anya mahattvapUrNa prasaMgoM kA vistRta zilpAMkana AbU tathA kumbhAriyA ke mandiroM ke vitAnoM para dekhA jA sakatA hai / 59 vastroM, tAr3apatra tathA kAgaja para bhI jinoM kA citraNa huA hai / bhitticitroM meM jinoM ke aMkana ke udAharaNa elorA sittanavAsala tathA tirumalai jaise sthAnoM se prApta hote haiM / 6deg elorA meM kevala RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, supArzvanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra tIrthaMkaroM kI hI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiN| inameM kevala ajitanAtha aura mahAvIra ke sAtha siMhAsana para lAMchana haiM jabaki supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha kI pahacAna sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura RSabhanAtha kI pahacAna kaMdhoM para laTakatI jaTAoM evaM neminAtha kI pahacAna kubera yakSa aura ambikA yakSI kI AkRtiyoM ke AdhAra para kI jA sakI hai / yakSa-yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ mukhyataH neminAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke sAtha hI dikhAyI gyiiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha neminAtha ke yakSa-yakSa kubera va ambikA kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI gayI haiM / Age ke pRSThoM meM jaina mahApurANa ke AdhAra para 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANakoM (cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya, nirvANa ) evaM unake jIvana se sambandhita kucha anya ghaTanAoM kI vistArapUrvaka carcA huI hai aura yathAsthAna mUrtaM udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se kalA meM unakI abhivyakti ko bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / (1) RSabhanAtha ( yA AdinAtha ) : kahA gayA hai jo eka ora sambandhita hai / jJAtavya hai AdipurANa meM RSabhanAtha ko vRSabhadeva ziva aura dUsarI ora unake vRSabha lAMchana se ki RSabhadeva kA lAMchana vRSabha hai| vRSabhadeva vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM meM Adya tIrthaMkara haiM aura inhIM se jainadharma kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai| Adya tIrthaMkara hone ke kAraNa hI inheM AdinAtha bhI kahA gayA hai / jaina purANoM meM inake jIvana, tapazcaraNa, kevalajJAna va dharmopadeza ke vistRta vivaraNa ke sAtha hI vaidika sAhitya, jainetara purANoM tathA upaniSadoM Adi meM bhI inakA ullekha huA hai / " paumacariya meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA ke prasaMga meM RSabhanAtha ko jinavaroM meM vRSabha ke samAna zreSTha tathA siddha-deva, kinnara, nAga, asurapati evaM bhavanendroM ke 5
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________________ 66 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 66 samUha dvArA pUjita batAyA gayA hai / isI prakAra eka anya sthala para RSabhanAtha ko svayaMbhU, caturmukha, pitAmaha, bhAnu, ziva, zaMkara, trilocana, mahAdeva, viSNu, hiraNyagarbha, mahezvara, Izvara, rudra aura svayaM sambuddha Adi nAmoM se devatA evaM manuSyoM dvArA vaMdita batAyA gayA hai / 62 inheM prathama nRpa, prathama jina, prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaMkara tathA prathama dharma - cakravartI kahA gayA hai / 63 zivapurANa meM ziva ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM avatAra lene kA ullekha bhI huA hai / 64 RSabhadeva ke sAtha vRSabha tathA ziva ke sAtha nandI samAna rUpa se jur3A hai / isI prakAra RSabhadeva kA nirvANa sthala kailAza parvata mAnA gayA hai aura ziva bhI kailAzavAsI mAne jAte haiM / " mahAbhArata ke anuzAsana parva meM jahA~ eka ora ziva kA RSabha nAma AyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora AdipurANa meM vRSabhadeva ko zaMbhu, ziva, mRtyuMjaya, mahezvara, zaMkara, tripurAri tathA trilocana Adi nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| ziva ke mastaka para jaTAmukuTa aura RSabhanAtha ke sAtha kaMdhoM para laTakatI jaTAoM aura yakSa ke rUpa meM gAya ke mukhavAle gomukha yakSa kI parikalpanA bhI donoM kI ekAtmakatA kA saMketa dete haiM / gomukha yakSa kA vAhana vRSabha hai aura usake eka hAtha meM parazu dikhAyA jAtA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mahAyogI ziva ke svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI jaina paramparA ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI kalpanA kI gayI / bhAgavatpurANa meM varNita RSabha kA sandarbha Rgveda ke kezI aura vAtarazanA muni ke svarUpa se sAmyatA rakhatA hai / 68 Rgveda kI eka RcA meM kezI aura vRSabha kA eka sAtha ullekha AyA hai / Rgveda meM ullikhita vAtarazanA muniyoM ke nAyaka kezI muni kA RSabhadeva ke sAtha ekIkaraNa ho jAne se jaina dharma kI prAcInatA para mahattvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai / 70 isa AdhAra para jaina dharma kI saMbhAvita prAcInatA I0 pU0 1500 taka mAnI jA sakatI hai / 71 zrImadbhAgavat meM bhI RSabhadeva kA ullekha AyA hai jisake anusAra vAsudeva RSabharUpa meM nAbhi aura marudevI ke yahA~ avatarita hue| jainetara purANoM - mArkaNDeya purANa, 73 kUrmapurANa, 74 agnipurANa, vAyumahApurANa", brahmANDapurANa, vArAhapurANa, liMgapurANa, viSNupurANa tathA skandapurANa" meM RSabhadeva ke aneka ullekha haiM jo ziva se sandarbhita haiM / 69 93 75 RSabha kA janma indra dvArA racita ayodhyA nagarI ke rAjA va caudaha kulakaroM meM antima kulakara nAbhirAja ke yahA~ huA thA | 2
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 67 RSabha ke garbhAvataraNa ke 6 mAha pUrva se 9 mAha bAda taka devoM dvArA ratnoM kI vRSTi kI gyii| sarvArthasiddha vimAna se cyuta hokara jisa samaya RSabha kA jIva marudevI ke garbha meM AyA, usa rAtri marudevI ne nimnalikhita 16 zubhasvapnoM kA darzana kiyA 3-(1) gaja, (2) vRSabha, (3) siMha, (4) lakSmI ( padmAsIna aura do gajoM dvArA abhiSikta ), (5) do puSpahAra, (6) candra, (7) sUrya, (8) matsyayugala, (9) kalazadvaya, (10) padmasarovara, (11) udvelita samudra, (12) siMhAsana, (13) vimAna, (14) nAgendra bhavana, (15) ratnarAzi tathA (16) nidhUma agni / zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM dvArA kevala 14 svapna hI dekhane kA ullekha milatA hai| 4 zvetAmbara sUcI meM nAgendra bhavana, siMhAsana tathA matsyayugala ke sthAna para siMha dhvaja kA ullekha hai| eka bAta vizeSarUpa se smaraNIya hai ki anya sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAe~ zubhasvapnoM meM mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhatI haiM jabaki marudevI ne apane mukha meM suvarNa ke samAna pIlA vRSabha praveza karate dekhA thaa|5 RSabhanAtha ke vRSabha lAMchana ke nirdhAraNa meM uparyukta prasaMga dhyAtavya hai| svapnadarzana ke pazcAt marudevI nAbhirAja ke pAsa Akara uparokta 16 zubhasvapnoM ke bAre meM batAtI haiM aura nAbhirAja una svapnoM kA phala tathA RSabhadeva ke marudevI ke garbha meM Agamana ke bAre meM batAte haiN| RSabha ke garbhAvataraNa ke avasara para indra anya devoM ke sAtha ayodhyA nagarI meM Ate haiM aura jina mAtA-pitA ko namaskAra kara garbhAvataraNa utsava karane ke bAda dikkumAriyoM ko marudevI kI sevA meM niyukta kara vApisa cale jAte haiN| tadanantara 9 mahIne vyatIta hone para caitrakRSNa navamI ke dina marudevI ne RSabha ko janma diyaa|" zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakA janma caitrazukla aSTamI ke dina mAnA gayA hai / 9 RSabhadeva kA janmAbhiSeka karane ke lie indra-indrANI, sAmAnika, trAyastriMza, pAriSada, AtmarakSa tathA lokapAla jAti ke devoM ke sAtha ayodhyApurI Ate haiM aura jina bAlaka ko sumerU parvata para le jAkara suvarNamaya kalazoM meM bhare kSIrasAgara ke jala, gandha, akSata, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala va argha ke dvArA RSabha kA janmAbhiSeka karate haiM / 10 zvetAmbara paramparA meM RSabha ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki marudevI dvArA svapna meM vRSabha ko dekhane tathA
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________________ 68 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana bAlaka ke urusthala para vRSabha kA zubhalAMchana hone ke kAraNa hI unakA nAma RSabhadeva rakhA gyaa|91 digambara paramparA meM svapna sandarbha ke sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki indra ne inakA nAma vRSabhadeva rakhA thaa|92 aisA ullekha hai ki RSabha kA koI vaMza nahIM thA kyoMki jisa samaya unakA janma huA usa samaya mAnava samAja kisI kula, jAti yA vaMza meM vibhakta nahIM thaa|93 jaba ye lagabhaga eka varSa ke the aura eka dina pitA kI goda meM baiThe the usI samaya hAtha meM ikSudaNDa lie indra vahA~ upasthita hue| use prApta karane ke liye RSabha ne dAhinA hAtha Age bar3hAyA ! indra ne ikSu-bhakSaNa kI RSabha kI ruci jAnakara unake vaMza kA nAma ikSvAkuvaMza rakhA / 94 jJAtavya hai ki ikSvAkuvaMza meM hI adhikAMza tIrthakaroM kA janma huA thaa| yauvanAvasthA meM yazasvatI tathA sunandA nAmaka do rUpavatI va guNavatI rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha RSabha kA vivAha haa|25 RSabha ke pUrva tatkAlIna samAja meM koI vaivAhika prathA pracalita nahIM thI / 96 sarvaprathama RSabha ne hI bhAvI mAnava samAja ke hitArtha vivAha paramparA kA sUtrapAta kiyA aura mAnava mana meM bar3hatI haI vAsanA ko vivAha. sambandha ke mAdhyama se sImita aura niyojita kara diyA / 97 RSabhadeva kI yazasvatI nAmaka mahAdevI se prathama cakravartI bharata sahita anya 99 putra evaM brAhmI nAma kI putrI tathA dUsarI rAnI sunandA se bAhubalI nAmaka putra tathA sundarI nAmaka putrI utpanna huyI / 18 / _ jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra RSabha ne hI sarvaprathama karmayuga kA Arambha kiyA thaa| inakI rAjya vyavasthA se pUrva mAnava kalpavRkSa ke phala va apane Apa utpanna kanda-mUla Adi ke bhojana para hI nirbhara thaa| RSabhadeva ne sarvaprathama asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya tathA zilpa ina chaha kAryoM ke dvArA prajA ko AjIvikA kA upadeza diyaa|99 zastra dhAraNa kara sevA karanA asikarma, likhakara AjIvikA karanA masikarma, jamIna ko jotanA-bonA kRSikarma, par3hA kara athavA nRtya-gAyana dvArA AjIvikA karanA vidyAkarma, vyApAra karanA vANijyakarma tathA hasta kI kuzalatA se jIvikopArjana zilpakarma kahalAtA hai| 100 zilpakarma dvArA AjIvikA kA sandarbha jaina paramparA meM prArambha se hI kalA ke mahatva ko spaSTa karatA hai| karmayuga kA Arambha karane ke kAraNa RSabha 'kRtayuga' tathA
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 69 'prajApati' kahalAye haiM / 101 karmabhUmi ke samAna RSabha varNavyavasthA ke bhI janaka the|102 _RSabha ke saMsAra ke prati virakti evaM dIkSA grahaNa karane ke sambandha meM ullekha milatA hai ki eka dina jaba ve sabhAmaNDapa meM siMhAsana para virAjamAna the usI samaya indra ne unake mana ko rAjya va sAMsArika bhogoM se virata karane ke uddezya se nIlAMjanA nAma kI eka kSoNa Ayu nRtyAMganA ko RSabha ke samakSa upasthita kiyA jo nRtya karate samaya hI mRtyu ko prApta ho gayI / 103 isa ghaTanA se RSabha ko samasta bhogoM se virakti ho gyii|104 isa avasara para laukAntika devoM ke Agamana tathA indra dvArA RSabha ke dIkSA athavA tapaH kalyANaka karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 105 RSabha apane jyeSTha putra bharata ko sAmrAjya pada tathA bAhabalI ko yavarAja pada para adhiSThita kara svayaM indra dvArA uThAye gaye pAlakI meM baiTha siddhArthaka nAmaka vana meM gaye aura vahA~ vastra, mAlA va anya AbhUSaNoM kA tyAga kara, paMcamuSTiyoM se keza luMcana kara digambara rUpa dhAraNa kara dIkSA grahaNa kI / 106 indra RSabha ke keza kSIra sAgara meM pravAhita kara tathA aneka prakAra se unakI stuti kara svarga cale gaye / RSabha ke sAtha cAra hajAra anya rAjA bhI dIkSita hue the / ullekhanIya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM RSabha ke cAra muSTi keza laMcana kA ullekha milatA hai| indra kI prArthanA para RSabha ne eka muSTi keza sira para hI rahane diyA thaa| uparyukta paramparA ke kAraNa hI kuSANakAla se sabhI kSetroM kI matiyoM meM RSabhanAtha ke sAtha kaMdhoM para laTakatI huI jaTAe~ dikhAI gyiiN| kalpasUtra evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki RSabha ke atirikta anya sabhI jinoM ne dIkSA ke pUrva apane mastaka ke sampUrNa kezoM kA pA~ca muSTiyoM meM laMcana kiyA thaa|107 yadyapi digambara paramparA meM RSabha ke paMcamuSTi keza laMcana kA ullekha huA hai kintu mUrta udAharaNoM meM elorA, devagar3ha, khajurAho tathA anya sabhI digambara sthaloM para zvetAmbara udAharaNoM ke samAna hI RSabha ke kandhoM para laTakato huI jaTAe~ dikhAyI gayIM / 108 dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt RSabha chaha mAha taka upavAsa kA vrata lekara tapoyoga meM adhiSThita ho gaye / 109 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM kevala sAta dinoM ke mahopavAsa vrata kA ullekha hai / 110 chaha mAha ke mahopavAsa vrata ke bAda bhI unakA zarIra pahale kI taraha hI
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________________ 70 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana dedIpyamAna banA rahA tathA keza saMskAra rahita hone ke kAraNa jaTAoM ke samAna ho gaye the|111 ___aneka varSoM taka vibhinna dezoM meM vihAra karane ke bAda RSabha purimatAla nAmaka nagara meM pahuMce aura vahA~ zakaTa nAmaka udyAna meM eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce citta kI ekAgratA tathA vibhinna mohanIya karmoM para vijaya prApta kara phAlgana kRSNa ekAdazI ke dina uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM unhoMne kevalajJAna kI prApti kii|112 usI samaya indra ne unakI jaya-jayakAra kI tathA AkAza se kalpavRkSa ke puSpoM kI varSA kI / 113 kevalajJAna prApta kara lene se RSabha arihaMta ho gye| tatpazcAt RSabha vibhinna devoM dvArA nirmita samavasaraNa ke tIsare pITha para sthita siMhAsana para virAjamAna hue aura kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt pahalA upadeza diyA / 114 isa samavasaraNa meM indra, indrANI, bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI va kalpavAsI deva tathA sura, asura, manuSya, pazu, nAgendra, yakSa, siddha, gandharva va cAraNa bhI upasthita the / RSabha ke putra bharata bhI samavasaraNa meM pahu~ce / 115 isI samavasaraNa meM RSabha ne vibhinna puruSArthoM, svarga va mokSa rUpa mArga ke phala, bandhana va isake kAraNa, sAMsArika moha se mukti, jIva, tInoM lokoM ke AkAra, svarga, devoM ke Aya, mokSa sthAna, jIvoM kI utpatti, vinAza, bhoga sAmagrI, manuSyoM ke karane tathA na karane yogya kArya tathA bhUta, bhaviSyat va vartamAna kAla sambandhI tatvoM ke svarUpa kA upadeza diyaa|116 samavasaraNa meM deva, manuSya, RSi evaM jIva-jantu pArasparika sadbhAva ke sAtha pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke prathama dharmopadeza kA zravaNa karane ke liye upasthita hue the| sAhityika vivaraNa ke anurUpa zilpa meM samavasaraNa kA nirmANa huA jinake udAharaNa zvetAmbara sthaloM (kuMbhAriyA (citra 37), delavAr3A, osiyA~) se adhika saMkhyA meM mile haiN| samavasaraNa meM sabase UparI bhAga meM tIrthaMkara tathA nIce ke tIna vRttAkAra prAcIroM para deva, RSi AkRtiyoM ke atirikta zatru bhAva vAle vibhinna pazu-pakSiyoM ko Amane-sAmane dikhAyA gayA hai jaise--gaja, siMha, mayUra, sarpa ityAdi / ___ samavasaraNa meM vibhinna tattvoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda RSabha gaNadharoM ke sAtha aneka varSoM taka kAzI, avanti, kuru, kauzala, suhyA, puNDa, cedi, mAlava, dazArNa va vidarbha Adi dezoM meM vihAra karate rahe aura Aya kI samApti ke caudaha dina pUrva pauSa mAsa kI pUrNamAsI ke dina kailAzaparvata para virAjamAna hue|117 yahIM para mAghakRSNa caturdazI ke dina ajita nakSatra meM aneka muniyoM ke sAtha unheM nirvANa prApta huaa|118
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 71 usI samaya nirvANakalyANaka hetu indra sahita vibhinna devoM kA avagamana huaa|119 ___AdipurANa meM RSabha ke pichale dasa pUrvabhavoM kA bhI varNana huA hai jisake anusAra RSabha jIva pahale bhava meM jayavarmA, dUsare meM mahAbala, tIsare meM lalitAMgadeva, cauthe meM rAjAvajrajaMgha, pA~caveM meM bhoga-bhUmi kA Arya, chaThe meM zrIdhara deva, sAtaveM meM suvadhi, AThaveM meM acyutendra, nauveM meM vajranAbhi tathA dasaveM meM sarvArthasiddhi meM ahamindra haA aura vahA~ se cyuta hokara saba indroM dvArA vandanIya RSabhadeva huaa|120 sarvaprathama kuSANakAla meM RSabha kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha huaa| mathurA se prApta mUrtiyoM meM kandhoM para tIna yA pA~ca laTakatI huI keza vallariyoM se suzobhita RSabha ko dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna yA kAyotsarga meM khar3A dikhAyA gayA hai| guptakAla meM mathurA ke sAtha hI causA aura akoTA se bhI RSabha kI matiyA~ milI haiN| la0 chaThI zatI I0 ko akoTA se prApta RSabha kI kAyotsarga mUrti meM yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM sarvAnubhUti evaM ambikA kA bhI aMkana huA hai| dhotI se yukta zvetAmbara paramparA kI akoTA se prApta uparyukta udAharaNa meM yakSa-yakSI niHsandeha pAramparika nahIM hai kyoMki pAramparika yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM gomukha aura cakra zvarI kA ullekha milatA hai| la0 7vIM zatI I0 se sabhI kSetroM meM RSabhanAtha kI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ bniiN| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki uttara bhArata ke digambara sthaloM para RSabha sarvAdhika lokapriya tIrthaMkara the jinakI mathurA, devagar3ha, khajurAho (citra 2), rAjagira Adi sthaloM (citra 1 ) para sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ banIM / kintu dakSiNa meM uttara bhArata kI tulanA meM RSabhanAtha kI bahuta kama mUtiyA~ bniiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki rASTrakUTa kalAkendra elorA meM RSabha kI kevala pA~ca mUrtiyA~ AkArita haiM jabaki pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI kramazaH 27 aura 12 mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| yahI nahIM bAdAmI aura ayahola jaise prArambhika cAlukya sthaloM para bhI pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haIM kintu RSabhanAtha kI mUrti nahIM bnii| rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa ke samakAlIna jinasena ke AdipurANa meM RSabhanAtha ke jIvanacaritra kI jisa vistAra ke sAtha carcA milatI hai usa pariprekSya meM elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM RSabha kI kevala pA~ca mUrtiyoM kA milanA vizeSa Azcaryajanaka hai| isI sandarbha se yaha bhI Azcaryajanaka hai ki jahA~ RSabhaputra bAhubalI
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________________ 72 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana gommaTezvara kI elorA meM 15 se adhika mUrtiyA~ haiM vahIM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha kI mUrtiyA~ tulanAtmaka dRSTi se atyalpa haiN| elorA tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke anya sthaloM para RSabha mUrtiyoM kI nyUnatA kA abhAva sambhavataH isa bAta kA saMketa hai ki vyavahArika yAnI mUrta abhivyakti meM RSabhanAtha pArzva evaM mahAvIra kI tulanA meM kama lokapriya the / la0 8vIM zatI I0 meM mUrtiyoM meM RSabha ke vRSabha lAMchana aura 9vIM10vIM zatI I0 meM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI gomukha aura cakrezvarI kA aMkana prArambha huA '' 121 RSabha kI jaTA, vRSabha lAMchana, gAya ke mukha vAle parazudhArI gomukha yakSa tathA zaMkha, cakra, gadA dhAriNI garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI RSabha ke nirUpaNa meM spaSTataH ziva aura viSNu ke prabhAva kA saMketa dete haiM / RSabha ke jIvana ke paMcakalyANakoM evaM anya prasaMgoM kA vistRta zilpAMkana kalpasUtra ke citroM aura 11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ke osiyA~ aura kumbhAriyA jaise sthaloM para milate haiM jinameM RSabha ke janma ke sandarbha meM mAMgalika svapnoM, vibhinna karmoM kI zikSA dene, rAjyAbhiSeka, dIkSA, kaivalya evaM nirvANa kalyANakoM kA aMkana huA hai ( citra 37 ) / 122 elorA kI guphA saM0 30, 32 aura 33 meM kramazaH do-do aura eka RSabha mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / guphA saM0 30 ke donoM udAharaNoM meM dhyAnastha tIrthaMkaroM ke kandhoM para laTakatI keza vallariyoM ke AdhAra para RSabhanAtha kI pahacAna kI jA sakatI hai / guphA saM0 32 ke do udAharaNoM meM se eka meM dvitIrthI aura dUsare meM paMcatIrthI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM jaTAoM ke sAtha RSabhanAtha kA aMkana huA hai jinameM kramaza: do aura pA~ca tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsarga aura nirvastra mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM / guphA saM0 33 meM bhI dvitIrthI jina mUrti meM RSabhanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrti utkIrNa hai / isa prakAra elorA meM RSabha kI kevala do svataMtra mUrtiyA~ milI haiM aura unameM bhI vRSabha lAMchana evaM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana nahIM huA hai / (2) ajitanAtha : uttarapurANa ke 48veM parva meM dUsare tIrthaMkara ajitanAtha ke janma se lekara nirvANa paryanta kathA kA saMkSepa meM ullekha hai / inakA janma sAketa nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya kAzyapagotrI rAjA jitazatru ke yahA~ huA inakI mAtA kA nAma vijayasenA thA / 124 123 thaa| pRthvI para Ane ke
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________________ tIrthaMkara ( yA jina ) : 73 chaha mAha pUrva se hI indra kI AjJA se kubera ne inake ghara meM ratnoM kI - vRSTi kI / 125 aise hI ratnoM kI vRSTi kA ullekha sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke - sambandha meM AtA hai / jeTha mahIne ke amAvasa ke dina rohiNI nakSatra meM rAtri ke samaya mAtA vijayasenA ne solaha zubhasvapna dekhe | ina solaha svapnoM ko dekhane ke bAda unhoMne apane mukha meM praveza karatA eka madonmatta hAthI dekhA / 126 prAtaHkAla mahArAnI ne mahArAja jitazatru se ina svapnoM kA phala pUchA tathA apane garbha meM tIrthaMkara ke avatIrNa hone ke bAre - meM jJAna prApta kiyA / 1 mAghazukla dazamI ke dina mahArAnI vijayasenA ne bAlaka ko janma " diyA / sundara zarIra ke dhAraka bhAvI tIrthaMkara kA devoM ne meruparvata para le jAkara janmAbhiSeka kalyANaka kiyA aura unakA nAma ajitanAtha rakhA / 127 zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaMkaroM kA nAmakaraNa digambara paramparA ke samAna indra dvArA na hokara anya kisI kAraNa se huA / ajitanAtha ke nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki jaba se ve mAtA vijayA ke garbha meM Ae, rAjA jitazatru ko koI jIta nahIM sakA / - isaliye mAtA-pitA ne bAlaka kA nAma ajitanAtha rakhA / ajitanAtha kI Ayu bahattara lAkha pUrva kI tathA zarIra cAra sau pacAsa dhanuSa U~cA thA / sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu va zarIra kI U~cAI kA vivaraNa 'pUrva' va 'dhanuSa' ke rUpa meM diyA gayA hai / harivaMzapurANa meM isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai - eka lAkha varSa meM caurAsI kA guNA karane para eka pUrvAGga hotA hai / caurAsI lAkha pUrvAGgoM kA eka pUrva hotA hai / 128 isI prakAra chaha aMguloM kA eka pAda, do pAdoM kI eka vitasti, do vitastiyoM kA eka hAtha, do hAthoM kA eka kiSku tathA do kiSkuoM kA eka daNDa athavA dhanuSa hotA hai / 129 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI Ayu va zarIra kI U~cAI ityAdi krama-krama se ghaTatI dikhalAyI degI jo avasarpiNI kAla kI eka pramukha vizeSatA rahI hai / bahuta samaya taka rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke bAda jaba eka dina ajita mahala kI chata para baiThe the vahIM unhoMne bahuta bhArI ulakA dekhI / usI samaya se unheM isa saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI / laukAntika devoM ne brahmasvarga se Akara unake viraktipUrNa vicAroM kI prazaMsA kI / ajita ne apane putra ajitasena ko rAjya dekara svayaM sahetuka vana meM saptaparNa vRkSa ke samIpa eka hajAra anya rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA
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________________ kalAparaka adhyayana lii| usI samaya indrAdi devoM ne unakA dIkSA kalyANaka kiyA / 130 dIkSA lete hI inheM caturtha manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gayA aura dUsare dina vaha sAketa nagarI pahu~ce jahA~ brahmA nAmaka rAjA ne unheM yathAkrama se dAna dekara paMcAzcarya prApta kiyaa| bAraha varSa chadmastha avasthA meM bitAne ke bAda pauSazukla ekAdazI131 ke dina rohiNI nakSatra meM unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti yii|132 mahApurANa ( puSpadantakRta ) meM kaivalya kI prApti hone para indra dvArA kI gayI stuti meM inheM bhUtanAtha, nAgoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, bhabhUta se alaMkRta zarIra va tIna netroM vAlA tathA hara ( ziva ), brahmA, viSNu, maheza nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai aura inake hAtha meM cakra lAMchana kA ullekha haA hai| 133 uparyukta vizeSatAe~ evaM nAma spaSTataH ziva, brahmA, viSNu sahita brAhmaNa tridevoM se sambandhita haiM jo AdipurANa meM RSabhanAtha ke lie prayukta huA hai| kaivalya prApti ke bAda ajita samasta Arya kSetra meM vihAra kara. sammedAcala para pahu~ce aura vahIM eka mAsa taka sthira nivAsa kara caitra zukla paMcamI ke dina rohiNI nakSatra meM prAtaHkAla unhoMne mukti pada prApta kiyaa|134 ajitanAtha kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa la0 chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM prArambha huA jisake prArambhika udAharaNa rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM haiM / mUrtiyoM meM ajitanAtha ke sAtha gaja lAMchana kA aMkana lokapriya thaa| kintu pAramparika yakSa-yakSI mahAyakSa evaM ajitabalA ( yA ajitA yA vijayA) kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA gyaa| digambara paramparA meM ajitanAtha kI yakSI rohiNI batAyI gayI haiN| yadyapi devagar3ha, khajurAho, rAjagira, ur3IsA ko navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM jaise digambara sthaloM para ajitanAtha kI kucha mUrtiyA~ banI kintu unameM pAramparika yakSa-yakSI kA nirUpaNa nahIM huA / 135 dakSiNa bhArata meM ajitanAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa atyalpa haiN| elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM kevala tIna mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jo guphA saM0 32 meM haiN| do udAharaNoM meM dvitIrthI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM dharmacakra ke donoM ora do gaja AkRtiyoM kA aMkana ajitanAtha ke gaja lAMchana kA aMkana hai| tInoM hI udAharaNoM meM ajitanAtha dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna haiM aura unake sAtha sAmAnya prAtihArya bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| kintu, yakSa-yakSI kA ukerana kisI bho udAharaNa meM nahIM huA hai|
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 75 (3) sambhavanAtha : ajitanAtha ke bAda zrAvastI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA dRr3harAja ke yahA~ sambhavanAtha kA janma huaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma suSeNA tathA pitA kA nAma dRr3harAja thA / 136 phAlguna zuklA aSTamI ke dina mAtA suSeNA ne solaha zubhasvapna tathA mukha meM praveza karatA eka hAthI dekhaa| mahArAja se una svapnoM kA phala jAnakara vaha ati prasanna huyIM aura kArtika zukla paurNamAsI ke dina mRgazirA nakSatra meM unhoMne tIna jJAnoM se yukta ahamindra putra ko janma diyaa| indroM ne unakA janmakalyANaka utsava kiyA va unakA nAma sambhavanAtha rakhA / 137 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jaba se ye garbha meM Aye deza kI bhUmi cAroM ora dhAnya se lahalahA uThI, ataH mAtA-pitA ne inakA nAma sambhavanAtha rakhA / 138 sambhavanAtha kI Ayu sATha lAkha pUrva va zarIra cAra sau dhanuSa U~cA thaa| Ayu kA eka cauthAI bhAga bIta jAne para unheM rAjya kA vaibhava prApta huaa| bahata samaya taka rAjya kA upabhoga karate hue kisI dina meghoM kA vibhrama dekhakara unheM samasta nazvara viSayoM ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI aura unhoMne apanA rAjya putra ko dekara sahetuka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kii| dIkSA lete hI unheM manaHparyayajJAna prApta ho gyaa| dUsare dina bhikSA prApta karane hetu sambhavanAtha ne zrAvastI nagarI meM praveza kiyA aura vahA~ ke surendradatta nAmaka rAjA se dAna meM AhAra prApta kiyaa| caudaha varSoM taka chadmastha avasthA meM kaThora sAdhanA ke bAda kArtika kRSNa caturthI ke dina zAlmalI vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna prApta huaa| usI samaya kalpavAsiyoM tathA jyotiSka Adi tIna prakAra ke devoM ne cauthA jJAnakalyANaka utsava kiyaa| tadanantara dharma kA upadeza dene ke uddezya se sambhavanAtha ne bahuta samaya taka Arya dezoM kA vihAra kiyaa| Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa rahane para vihAra banda kara eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara caitra zukla SaSThI ke dina inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa| usI samaya devoM ne inakA nirvANa kalyANaka kiyA / 139 sambhavanAtha kI prAcInatama mUrti kuSANakAla meM mathurA meM banI jisameM pIThikA lekha meM nAmollekha ke AdhAra para sambhavanAtha kI pahacAna kI jA sakI hai| madhyayuga meM sambhavanAtha kI kevala kucha hI mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha, khajurAho, bijanaura evaM ur3IsA kI navamuni va vArabhujI
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________________ "76 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana guphAoM meM prApta huI haiN| elorA meM sambhavanAtha kI koI mUrti nahIM milI hai| (4) abhinandana : sambhavanAtha ke bAda cauthe tIrthaMkara abhinandana hue jinakA janma ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya kAzyapagotrI rAjA svayaMvarama ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma siddhArthA thaa| anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna inake bhI janma ke chaha mAha pUrva se devoM dvArA ratnavRSTi kI gayI aura mAtA dvArA solaha zubha svapnoM tathA mukha meM praveza karatA huA hAthI dekhA gayA / mAgha zukla dvAdazI ke dina mAtA siddhArthA ne putra ko janma diyaa| janma ke bAda anya devoM ke sAtha indra ne unheM sumeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se unakA abhiSeka kiyA tathA abhinandana nAma rakhA / 140 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jaba se abhinandana mAtA ke garbha meM Aye sarvatra prasannatA chA gaI ataH mAtA-pitA va parijanoM ne milakara inakA nAma abhinandana rakhA / 141 ___inakI Ayu pacAsa lAkha pUrva thii| pitA dvArA prApta rAjya kA upabhoga karate hue jaba unakI Ayu ke sAr3he chattIsa lAkha pUrva bIta gaye to eka dina unhoMne AkAza meM meghoM dvArA nirmita eka hala ke AkAra ko banate aura thor3I hI dera meM vinaSTa hote dekhA jisase unheM isa nazvara zarIra va saMsAra ke prati virakti ho gayI aura tabhI laukAntika devoM ne Akara unakI pUjA va niSkramaNa kalyANaka kiyA / tadanantara unhoMne agra udyAna meM Akara eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| usI samaya unheM manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gayA / / dUsare dina bhojana ( prathama pAraNA ) prApta karane ke liye inhoMne sAketa nagarI meM praveza kiyA aura vahA~ ke rAjA indradatta dvArA AhAra prApta kiyaa| chadmastha avasthA meM mauna pUrvaka aThAraha varSa bIta jAne ke bAda pauSa zukla caturdazI ke dina sAtaveM punarvasu nakSatra meM inheM asana vRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna prApta huaa| devoM ne unakI jJAna-kalyANaka pUjA kI / aneka varSoM taka pRthvI para dharma kA upadeza dene ke bAda sammedaparvata para vaizAkha zukla SaSThI ke dina abhinandana ne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 142 usI samaya indra ne Akara unakI pUjA va stuti kii| jaina kalA meM abhinandana kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ bahuta kama utkIrNa huiiN| inakA lAMchana kapi batAyA gayA hai aura yakSa-yakSI yakSezvara ( yA
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 77. Izvara ) aura kAlikA ( yA kAlI yA vajrazRMkhalA ) haiN| abhinandana kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ kevala devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM ur3IsA kI navamuni aura bArabhajI gaphAoM meM utkIrNa haiN| 143 elorA meM abhinandana kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| (5) sumatinAtha pA~caveM tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha kA janma ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA megharatha ke yahA~ huA thA / inakI mAtA maMgalA ne 16 zubha svapna tathA mukha meM praveza karatA eka hAthI dekhaa| caitra zukla ekAdazI ke dina maghA nakSatra meM mAtA maMgalA ne tIna jJAna ke dhAraka va satpuruSoM meM zreSTha ahamindra ke jIva ko janma diyaa| indra ne anya devoM ke sAtha sumeru parvata para le jAkara inakA janmAbhiSeka kiyA aura unakA nAma 'sumati' rakhA / 144 zvetAmbara paramparA meM ullekha hai ki bAlaka ke garbha meM rahate hue inakI mAtA ne bar3I-bar3I samasyAoM kA anAyAsa hI hala nikAlA thA, isI kAraNa mahArAja ne inakA nAma sumatinAtha rakhA / 145 sumatinAtha kI Ayu cAlIsa lAkha pUrva va zarIra tIna sau dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArakAla ke dasa lAkha pUrva bIta jAne para unheM sAmrAjya prApta huA / lambe samaya taka rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke bAda AtmA meM sthiratA lAne ke uddezya se unheM isa saMsAra va viSayoM se virakti ho gyii| usI samaya sArasvata Adi laukAntika devoM ne unakI stuti kI / sumati ne sahetuka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kii| usI samaya unheM manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gyaa| bIsa varSa chadmastha avasthA meM bitAne ke bAda priyaMgu vRkSa ke nIce yoga dhAraNa kara caitra zukla ekAdazI ke dina inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| tadanantara aThAraha kSetroM meM vihAra va dharma kA upadeza dene ke bAda jaba inakI Ayu eka mAha zeSa raha gaI, taba eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha sammedazikhara para pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara caitra zukla ekAdazI ke dina maghA nakSatra meM inhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 146 uttarapurANa meM sumatinAtha ko garbhakalyANaka ke samaya 'sadyojAta', janmAbhiSeka ke samaya 'vAma', dIkSAkalyANaka ke samaya 'aghora', kevalajJAna prApta karane para 'IzAna' tathA nirvANa prApta karane para 'tatpuruSa' kahA gayA hai jo spaSTataH paMcAnana ziva ke mahAdeva yA maheza svarUpa se sambandhita haiM / 147 jJAtavya hai ki ziva ke maheza mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa mahArASTra meM eliphaiNTA aura elorA (guphA saM0 16)
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________________ - 78 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana se mile haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki na kevala RSabhanAtha balki kaI anya tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA bhI ziva se prabhAvita thI / abhinandana ke samAna hI sumatinAtha kI bhI 10vIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai / kevala khajurAho evaM mahobA ke digambara tathA kuMbhAriyA aura AbU jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM se sumatinAtha kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / inameM yA to pAramparika lAMchana krauJca pakSI utkIrNa hai yA pIThikA lekha meM tIrthaMkara kA nAma diyA hai / kintu pAramparika yakSa yakSI tumbaru ( yA mahAkAlI yA naradattA) kA aMkana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / 148 dakSiNa bhArata aura yahA~ taka ki elorA meM bhI sumatinAtha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM banI / (6) padamaprabha : chaTheM tIrthaMkara padmaprabha kA janma kauzAmbI nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA dharaNa ke yahA~ huA / inakI mAtA kA nAma susImA thA jo padmaprabha ke garbha meM Ane ke chaha mAha pUrva se ratna vRSTi Adi atizayoM se sammAnita thIM / anya jina mAtAoM ke samAna inhoMne bhI solaha zubhasvapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhA / tadanantara kArtika kRSNa trayodazI ke dina inhoMne jina bAlaka ko janma diyA jisakA indroM ne meru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka kiyA aura 'padmaprabha' nAma rakhA / 149 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA ko padma (kamala) kI zayyA meM sone kA dohada utpanna hone tathA bAlaka ke zarIra kI prabhA padma ka samAna hone ke kAraNa hI inakA nAma padmaprabha rakhA gayA / 150 inakI Ayu tIsa lAkha pUrva thI tathA zarIra do sau pacAsa dhanuSa U~cA thA / jaba unakI Ayu kA eka cauthAI bhAga bIta cukA taba unhoMne rAjya prApta kiyA aura jaba unakI Ayu solaha pUrvAga kama eka lAkha pUrva kI raha gayI taba kisI samaya darAvaje para ba~dhe hAthI kI dazA sunane se inheM isa saMsAra va bhogoM se virakti ho gayI taba caturnikAya devoM ne unakA dIkSA - kalyANaka kiyaa| chaha mAsa chadmastha avasthA meM vyatIta karane ke bAda caitra zukla paurNamAsI ke dina citrA nakSatra meM vaTa vRkSa ke nIce inhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyA / jIvoM ko mokSa kA mArga batAte hue padmaprabha ne sammedazikhara para eka mAha taka eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara phAlguna kRSNa caturthI ke dina citrAnakSatra meM nirvANa prApta kiyA / 151
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 79 padmaprabha kA lAMchana padma aura yakSa-pakSI kusuma evaM acyutA ( yA mAnasI yA manovegA) haiM / padmaprabha kI bhI kevala kucha hI mUrtiyA~ khajurAho, chatarapura, devagar3ha evaM gvAliyara se milI haiM jinameM padma lAMchana dikhAyA gayA hai kintu yakSa-yakSI khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke atirikta anya kisI udAharaNa meM nirUpita nahIM hue haiN| ur3IsA kI bArabhujI evaM trizula guphAoM meM bhI padmaprabha kI dhyAna mudrA meM AsIna do mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM / 152 elorA meM padmaprabha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| (7) supArzvanAtha : supArzvanAtha kA janma vArANasI nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA supratiSTha ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA pRthvISeNA ne bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha 16 zubhasvapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhA thaa| jyeSTha zakla dvAdazI ke dina pRthvISeNA ne ahamindra ko janma diyA jisakA indroM ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara janmAbhiSeka kiyA aura usakA nAma supArzva rakhA / 153 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM mAtA ke pArzva ke zobhana rahe hone ke kAraNa, bAlaka kA nAma supArzvanAtha rakhA gayA hai / 154 inakI Ayu 20 lAkha pUrva aura zarIra do sau dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArakAla ke pA~ca lAkha pUrva bIta jAne para inhoMne sAmrAjya svIkAra kiyaa| inheM kisI dina Rtu parivartana dekha kara rAjyalakSmI va samasta nazvara padArthoM ke prati virakti utpanna ho gyii| tabhI laukAntika devoM ne Akara inakI stuti kI aura supAva ne eka tajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| isI samaya inheM manaH paryaya jJAna utpanna ho gyaa| nau varSoM taka chadmastha avasthA meM mauna dhAraNa karane ke bAda zirISa vRkSa ke nIce dhyAnArUr3ha supAvaM ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / usI samaya devoM ne inakI pUjA kI / Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa rahane taka inhoMne dharma kA upadeza dete hue pRthvI para vihAra kiyA aura sammeda zikhara para eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara phAlguna kRSNa saptamI ke dina sUryodaya ke samaya nirvANa prApta kiyaa|155 / / jaina pratimAzAstrIya granthoM meM supArzvanAtha kA lAMchana svastika batAyA gayA hai aura unake sira para eka, pA~ca yA nau sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke pradarzana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| supArzva ke yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga aura
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________________ 80 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana zAntA ( yA kAlI ) haiM / 10vIM zatI I0 se supArzva kI mUrtiyA~ banIM jinake udAharaNa la0 sabhI zvetAmbara va digambara kalA kendroM para dekhe jA sakate haiN| sira para pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke niyamita aMkana ke kAraNa hI supArzva ke sAtha svastika lAMchana kevala devagar3ha aura khajurAho ke kucha udAharaNoM meM dikhAyA gayA hai| digambara kalA kendroM para supArzva kI sarvAdhika svataMtra mUrtiyA~ banIM jinake sarvAdhika udAharaNa devagar3ha aura khajurAho meM haiN| | 156 elorA meM supArzva kI kevala eka mUrti milI hai| jo guphA saM0 32 meM haiM / pA~ca sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se AcchAdita supArzva kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3e haiM / supArzva ke sAtha prAtihArya aura yakSa-yakSo kA aMkana nahIM huA / (8) candraprabhasvAmI : AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA janma candrapura nAmaka nagara ke rAjAmahAsena ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma lakSmaNA thA / inhoMne bhI 16 zubhasvapnoM kA darzana kiyA thaa| pauSakRSNa ekAdazI ke dina candraprabha kA janma huA aura usa avasara para devoM ne inakA janakalyA ka kiyaa| unake janma lete hI pRthvI maNDala kA samUha athavA nIlakamaloM kA samUha atyanta vikasita ho gayA thA / isIliye indra ne unakA nAma 'candraprabha' rakhA / 157 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mAtA garbhakAla meM candrapAna kI icchA pUrNa kI tathA bAlaka ke zarIra kI prabhA bhI candramA ke samAna thI, isI kAraNa unakA nAma candraprabha rakhA gayA / 158 inakI Ayu dasa lAkha pUrva tathA zarIra eka sau pacAsa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| Ayu ke do lAkha pacAsa hajAra pUrva vyatIta ho jAne para unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA aura rAjya kA upabhoga karate hue eka dina darpaNa meM apanA mukha kamala dekhate samaya inheM saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI / taba candraprabha ne apanA rAjya varacandra nAmaka putra ko dekara sarvaturka nAmaka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| tadanantara jinakalpa mudrA 'meM tIna mAha bitAkara unhoMne nAgavRkSa ke nIce kevalajJAna kI prApti kI / devoM ne usI samaya inakI jJAnakalyANaka pUjA kI / candraprabha ke cautIsa atizayoM va ATha prAtihAryoM kA bhI ullekha uttarapurANa meM huA hai / samasta Arya dezoM meM vihAra aura dharma tIrthaM kI pravRtti karate hue candraprabha sammeda zikhara para pahu~ce / vahA~
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________________ tIrthakara ( yA jina) : 81 vihAra banda kara eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha eka mAha taka pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara phAlguna kRSNa saptamI ke dina jyeSThA nakSatra meM inhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 159 yadyapi elorA meM candraprabha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai kintu anya kSetroM meM guptakAla se hI candraprabha kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa milate haiM ( citra 3 ) / ina udAharaNoM meM candraprabha ke zazi lAMchana kA aMkana huA hai kintu pAramparika yakSa-yakSI vijaya ( yA zyAma ) evaM bhRkuTi ( yA jvAlA ) kA rUpAyana nahIM milatA / khajurAho, devagar3ha tathA ur3IsA kI bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM kI digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta ur3IsA meM koNArka ke samIpa kakatapura evaM u0 pra0 meM kauzAmbI (citra 4 ) se bhI candraprabha kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / ' 160 9. suvidhinAtha ( yA puSpadanta ) : nauveM tIrthaMkara suvidhinAtha ( yA puSpadanta ) kA janma bharatakSetra ke kAkandI nAmaka nagarI ke kAzyapagotrI rAjA sugrIva ke yahA~ huA thA / inakI mAtA kA nAma jayarAmA thA / inhoMne bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI hI taraha 16 zubha svapna dekhe tathA devoM dvArA ratnavRSTi se harSita huI / mArgazIrSa zukla pratipadA ke dina suvidhi kA janma huA / usI samaya devoM ke sAtha Akara indroM ne kSIrasAgara ke jala se unakA abhiSeka kiyA aura puSpadanta nAma rakhA / 161 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sandarbha meM ullekha hai ki mahArAja sugrIva ne socA ki bAlaka ke garbhakAla meM mAtA saba vidhiyoM se kuzala rahIM isaliye inakA nAma suvidhinAtha aura garbhakAla meM mAtA ko puSpa kA dohada utpanna huA isalie puSpadanta nAma rakhA jAya / 162 inakI Ayu do lAkha pUrva aura zarIra sau dhanuSa U~cA thA / rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda rAjya karate hue jaba unakI Ayu ke pacAsa hajAra pUrvaM va aTThAIsa pUrvAga bIta gaye to eka dina dizAoM kA avalokana karate samaya ulkApAta dekhakara unheM isa nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI aura AtmajJAna utpanna huA / usI samaya laukAntika devoM ne Akara unakI pUjA kii| inhoMne sumati nAmaka putra ko rAjya sauMpakara puSpakavana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kI / usI samaya inheM mana:paryayajJAna utpanna ho gayA / tadanantara chadmastha avasthA meM cAra varSa taka tapasyA meM apanA samaya vyatIta karane ke bAda 6
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________________ 82 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana kArtika zukla dvitIyA ke dina mUla nakSatra meM nAgavakSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| caturNikAya devoM ke indroM dvArA samavasaraNa kI racanA kI gyii| isa taraha bAraha sabhAoM se pUjita puSpadanta AryadezoM meM vihAra karate hue sammedazikhara para pahu~ce aura bhAdrazukla aSTamI ke dina mUla nakSatra meM nirvANa pada prApta kiyA / 163 vidizA ( ma0 0pra) se milI cauthI zatI I0 kI puSpadanta kI dhyAnastha mUrti ke bAda 11vIM zatI I0 ke pUrva kI koI dUsarI svataMtra mati nahIM milI hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA puSpadanta kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hai jisake do udAharaNa ur3IsA kI bArabhajJI evaM trizUla guphAoM meM utkIrNa haiN| puSpadanta kA lAMchana makara hai aura yakSa-yakSI ajita evaM sutArA ( yA mahAkAlI) haiM / 164 elorA meM puSpadanta kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM hai| 10. zItalanAtha : ____dasaveM tIrthaMkara zItalanAtha kA janma bharatakSetra ke malaya nAmaka deza ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA dRr3haratha ke yahA~ huA thA / inakI mAtA sunandA ne bhI pUrvavat solaha mAMgalika svapnoM tathA mukha meM praveza karatA huA hAthI dekhaa| sunandA ne mAghakRSNa dvAdazI ke dina jina putra ko janma diyA jisakA devoM ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara janmAbhiSeka kiyA aura 'zItalanAtha' nAma rakhA / 165 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sandarbha meM ullekha hai ki bAlaka ke garbhakAla meM mahArAja dRr3haratha ke zarIra meM bhayaMkara dAha-jvara kI pIr3A thI jo vibhinna upacAroM se bhI zAnta nahIM hii| eka dina sunandA devI ke kara sparza mAtra se hI vaha vedanA bilkula zAnta ho gayI va tana-mana meM zItalatA chA gyii| ataH sabane milakara bAlaka kA nAma zItalanAtha rakhA / 166 ___zItalanAtha kI Ayu eka lAkha pUrva aura zarIra nabbe dhanuSa U~cA thaa| Ayu kA caturtha bhAga bIta jAne para unheM rAjyapada prApta huaa| jaba unakI Ayu kA caturtha bhAga zeSa raha gayA to eka dina vana meM vihAra karate hue unhoMne pAle ke samUha ko kSaNa bhara meM naSTa hotA dekhA / usI samaya unheM samasta nazvara padArthoM evaM saMsAra se virakti ho gayI aura unhoMne sahetuka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA lI / tadanantara chadmastha avasthA meM tIna varSa vyatIta karane ke bAda eka dina bela ke vRkSa ke nIce pauSa kRSNa caturdazI ke dina pUrvASAr3ha nakSatra meM inheM
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 83 kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| aneka dezoM meM dharmopadeza evaM vihAra karate hue ye sammedazikhara para pahuMce, jahA~ para eka mAha kA yoga nirodha kara pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha Azvina zuklA aSTamI ke dina pUrvASAr3ha nakSatra meM mokSa prApta kiyaa| usI samaya indra ne inakA paMcakalyANaka kiyA / 167 / / ____zItalanAtha ke 10vIM zatI I0 se pUrva kI eka bhI svataMtra mUrti nahIM milI hai| svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa bArabhujI guphA, AraMga evaM tripurI ( ma0 pra0) aura kumbhAriyA se mile haiN| zItala kA lAMchana zrIvatsa hai aura yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM brahma ( yA brahmA) evaM azokA ( yA mAnavI ) kA ullekha milatA hai / 168 elorA meM zItalanAtha kI koI mUrti nahIM milI hai| 11. zreyAMpanAtha : 11veM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha kA janma bharata kSetra ke siMhapura nAmaka nagara ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya rAjA viSNu ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma nandA thaa| phAlguna kRSNa ekAdazI ( zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra phAlgana kRSNa dvAdazI) ke dina inakA janma haA thaa| saudharmendra ne jinabAlaka ko mahAmeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasamudra ke jala se unakA abhiSeka kiyA aura zreyAMsa nAma rkhaa|169 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra jina bAlaka ke janma hone se samasta rAjaparivAra va rASTra kA zreya-kalyANa huA, ataH mAtA-pitA ne inakA nAma zreyAMsanAtha rkhaa|170 zreyAMsanAtha kI Ayu caurAsI lAkha varSa tathA zarIra assI dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArAvasthA ke ikkIsa lAkha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para unhoMne rAjya prApta kiyA tathA bayAlIsa varSa taka rAjya karane ke bAda eka dina vasanta Rtu kA parivartana dekhakara inheM isa nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gyii| tabhI laukAntika devoM ne Akara inakI stuti kii| apanA rAjya putra ko sauMpa kara ye manohara nAmaka udyAna meM gaye aura vahA~ eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kii| ___ chadmastha avasthA meM do varSa bIta jAne para tumbura vRkSa ke nIce mAghakRSNa amAvasyA ke dina zravaNa nakSatra meM inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| kaI varSoM taka dharma kA upadeza dete aura vihAra karate hae zreyAMsanAtha sammedazikhara para pahu~ce aura vahA~ eka mAha taka pratimAyoga dhAraNa
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________________ 84 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana kara unhoMne zrAvaNa zuklA pUrNamAsI ke dina dhaniSThA nakSatra meM mokSa prApta kiyaa| usI samaya devoM ne unakA nirvANa kalyANaka kiyaa|171 __ zreyAMsanAtha kA lAMchana geMDA aura yakSa-yakSI Izvara evaM mAnavI ( yA gaurI) haiN| zreyAMsanAtha kI 11vIM-13vIM zatI I0 kI kevala kuchahI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jinake udAharaNa bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM, indaura saMgrahAlaya evaM kumbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM hai|172 elorA meM zreyAMsa kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai| 12. vAsupUjya : ___ bArahaveM tIrthakara vAsupUjya kA janma ikSvAkuvaMzIya kAzyapagotrI rAjA vasupUjya ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA jayAvatI bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha chaha mAha pUrva devoM dvArA ratnavRSTi se sammAnita huI thiiN| tadanantara phAlguna kRSNapakSa ke caturdazI ke dina vAruNa yoga meM vAsupUjya kA janma huA jisakA saudharma Adi devoM ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara kalaza dvArA kSIra sAgara se lAye hue jala dvArA janmAbhiSeka kiyA aura vAsupUjya nAma rkhaa|173 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki mahArAja vasupUjya kA putra hone ke kAraNa inakA nAma 'vAsupUjya' rakhA gyaa| vAsupUjya kI Ayu bahattara lAkha varSa tathA zarIra sattara dhanuSa U~cA thA va kAnti kuMkuma ke samAna thii| kumAra kAla ke aTThAraha lAkha varSa bItane para unheM isa saMsAra se vairAgya ho gyaa| usI samaya laukAntika devoM dvArA unakI stuti va devoM dvArA dIkSAkalyANaka abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| vAsupUjya manoharodyAna nAmaka vana meM jAkara chaha sau chihattara rAjAoM ke sAtha dokSita ho gaye / hemacandra tathA jinasena ne vAsupUjya ko avivAhita batAyA hai| chadmastha avasthA meM eka varSa vyatIta karane ke bAda mAgha zukla dvitIyA ke dina kadamba vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti hii| usI samaya saudharma Adi indroM ne unakI jJAnakalyANaka pUjA kii| vihAra va dharma kA upadeza dete hue jaba unakI Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba inhoMne caurAnabe muniyoM ke sAtha bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ke dina mokSa prApta kiyA / 174 10vIM zatI I0 se hI vAsupUjya kI mUrtiyA~ banIM jinake kevala kucha hI udAharaNa mile haiM jo zahaDola, bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM tathA vimalavasahI aura kumbhAriyA meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / vAsupUjya kA lAMchana
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 85 mahiSa hai aura yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM kumAra evaM candrA ( yA gAndhArI) kA ullekha milatA hai / 175 elorA meM vAsupUjya kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM hai| 13. vimalanAtha: terahaveM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kA janma kAmpila nAmaka nagara ke RSabhadeva ke vaMzaja kRtavarmA ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma jayazyAmA thaa| mAgha zukla caturthI ke dina mAtA jayazyAmA ne jina putra ko janma diyaa| janmAbhiSeka karane ke bAda devoM ne jina putra kA nAma 'vimalavAhana' rkhaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bAlaka ke garbha meM rahane ke samaya mAtA tana-mana se nirmala banI rahIM isI kAraNa mahArAja ne bAlaka kA nAma 'vimalanAtha' rakhA / 17 // inakI Ayu sATha lAkha varSa va zarIra sATha dhanuSa U~cA thaa| pandraha lAkha varSa kA kumAra kAla bIta jAne para inakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA aura rAjya kA upabhoga karate hue jaba unakI Ayu ke tIsa lAkha varSa bIta gaye to eka dina hemanta Rtu meM barpha kI zobhA ko tatkSaNa vilIna hotA huA dekhakara unheM saMsAra se vairAgya ho gyaa| usI samaya sArasvata Adi laukAntika devoM ne unakI stuti va anya devoM ne dIkSA kalyANaka utsava kiyaa| tIna varSa vyatIta ho jAne para mAgha zakla SaSThI ke dina jAmuna ke vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / usI samaya devoM dvArA unake liye deva dundubhi Adi ATha mukhya prAtihAryoM ko prakaTa karane kA ullekha sarvaprathama guNabhadra kRta uttarapurANa meM 'vimalanAtha' ke sAtha milatA hai| aneka dezoM meM vihAra karane ke bAda sammedazikhara para eka mAha kA nirodha dhAraNa kara, ATha hajAra chaha sau muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara ASAr3ha kRSNa aSTamI ke dina unhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa|177 la0 9vIM zatI I0 se vimalanAtha kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa milate haiM jisakA eka prArambhika udAharaNa vArANasI se milA hai aura samprati sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita hai (citra 5 ) / kucha anya udAharaNa baTezvara (AgarA), aluArA aura bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM tathA vimalavasahI se mile haiN| vimalanAtha ke sAtha lAMchana ke rUpa meM varAha kA aura yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM SaNmukha evaM viditA ( yA vairoTyA ) kA ullekha huA hai / 170 elorA meM vimalanAtha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM milI hai|
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________________ 86 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 14. anantanAtha : ___caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kA janma ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI kAzyapagotrI rAjA siMhasena ke yahA~ haA thaa| inakI mAtA jayazyAmA ne bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha solaha zabhasvapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhaa| jyeSTha kRSNA dvAdazI ke dina inakA janma huA aura tabhI indroM ne unheM meruparvata para le jAkara janmAbhiSeka kiyA evaM 'anantajit' nAma rakhA / 179 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki nAmakaraNa ke samaya mahArAja siMhasena ne vicAra kiyA-"bAlaka kI garbhAvasthA meM AkramaNArya Aye hae atIva utkaTa apAra zatru sainya para bhI maiMne vijaya prApta kI, ataH isa bAlaka kA nAma anantanAtha rakhA jAya / ' 180 ___ inakI Ayu tIna lAkha varSa va zarIra pacAsa dhanuSa U~cA thA / inakA raMga suvarNa ke samAna thA va inheM sabhI zubha lakSaNoM se yukta batAyA gayA hai| rAjyAbhiSeka ke bAda aneka varSoM taka rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke bAda eka dina ulkApAta dekhakara inheM saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| laukAntika devoM dvArA pUjita hone ke bAda apane putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara ye sahetuka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gaye aura usI samaya unheM manaHparyaya jJAna prApta huaa|181 chadmastha avasthA meM tapazcaraNa karate hue do varSa vyatIta ho jAne para caitra kRSNa amAvasyA ke dina revatI nakSatra meM pIpala vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| aneka varSoM taka prasiddha dezoM meM dharma kA upadeza dete hue anta meM sammedazikhara para eka mAha kA yoga nirodha kara caitra kRSNa amAvasyA ke dina inheM mokSa kI prApti huI / 182 anantanAtha kA lAMchana zyena pakSI yA rIcha tathA yakSa-yakSI pAtAla evaM aMkuza ( yA anantamati ) haiN| 12vIM-13vIM zatI I0 kI anantanAtha kI kevala do svatantra mUrtiyA~ bArabhujI guphA aura vimalavasahI se milI haiM / 183 elorA meM inakI eka bhI mUrti nahIM hai| 15. dharmanAtha : pandrahaveM tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha kA janma ratnapura nagara ke rAjA bhAnu ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma suprabhA thA / mAgha zuklA trayodazI ke dina puSya nakSatra meM suprabhA ne jina bAlaka ko janma diyA jisakA indroM ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka kiyA va
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 87 'dharmanAtha' nAma rakhA / 184 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki garbhakAla meM mAtA kI bhAvanA sadA dharmamaya rahI, ataH inakA nAma dharmanAtha rakhA gayA / 185 inakI Ayu dasa lAkha varSa aura zarIra eka sau assI hAtha U~cA thaa| kumAra kAla ke DhAI lAkha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para inheM rAjya prApta haA aura rAjya karate hue pA~ca lAkha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para eka dina ulkApAta dekhakara inheM isa saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| usI samaya laukAntika devoM ne Akara inakA dIkSA kalyANaka kiyaa| apane jyeSTha putra ko rAjya dekara inhoMne zAlavana udyAna meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kiyA aura usI samaya inheM manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gyaa| chadmastha avasthA meM eka varSa vyatIta ho jAne para pauSa zukla pUrNimA ke dina puSya nakSatra meM saptacchada vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| aneka varSoM taka vihAra va dharma kA upadeza dene ke bAda sammedazikhara para jyeSTha zuklA caturthI ke dina dharmanAtha ne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 186 vajra lAMchana evaM kinnara aura kandarpA ( yA mAnasI ) yakSa-yakSI vAle dharmanAtha kI kevala kucha hI mUrtiyA~ bArabhujI aura trizUla guphAoM, indaura saMgrahAlaya aura vimalavasahI se milI haiN|187 elorA meM dharmanAtha kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM utkIrNa hai| 16. zAntinAtha : ___ solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha ko cakravartI pada bhI prApta thA / RSabha, pArzva aura mahAvIra ke bAda niHsaMdeha zAntinAtha jainadharma ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa tIrthaMkara the jinase sambandhita kaI svatantra caritagranthoM kI bhI racanA kI gyii| inakA janma hastinApura ke kAzyapagotrI rAjA vizvasena ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma airA thaa| inhoMne bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha solaha zubha svapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhane ke bAda garbha dhAraNa kiyA thaa| jyeSTha kRSNa caturdazI ke dina inhoMne jina bAlaka ko janma diyA jise indra airAvata hAthI para sumeru parvata para le gaye aura vahA~ kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka karane ke bAda inakA nAma 'zAntinAtha' rkhaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake nAmakaraNa ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki inake janma se pUrva hastinApura meM mahAmArI se
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________________ 88 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana loga bhayAkrAnta the jo inake garbha meM Ane ke sAtha hI zAnta ho gayI, phalasvarUpa inakA nAma 'zAntinAtha' rakhA gayI / inakI Ayu eka lAkha varSa va zarIra cAlIsa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| uttarapurANa meM sarvaprathama zAntinAtha ke cihnoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai jisake anusAra unake zarIra meM dhvaja, toraNa, sUrya, candra, zaMkha tathA cakra Adi cihna the| aneka prakAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karate hue jaba kumArakAla ke unake pacIsa hajAra varSa bIta gaye taba unheM rAjya prApta huA aura rAjya kA bhI pacIsa hajAra varSa vyatIta ho jAne para inheM teja ko prakaTa karane vAle caudaha ratna-cakra, chatra, khaDga, daNDa, kAkiNI, carma, cUr3AmaNi, purohita, sthapati, senApati, gRhapati, kanyA, gaja tathA azva aura nau nidhiyA~ prApta huI / 189 ye sabhI cakravartI pada ke sUcaka haiN| RSabhaputra bharata cakravartI ke devagar3ha se prApta mUrtiyoM meM bhI nava nidhiyoM aura 14 ratnoM kA aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai / 190 cakravartI rUpa meM aneka prakAra ke bhogoM kA upabhoga karate hue punaH unake pacIsa hajAra varSa vyatIta ho gye| eka dina darpaNa meM apane do pratibimba dekhakara unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gayI, taduparAnta nArAyaNa nAmaka apane putra ko rAjya sauMpakara ye dIkSita ho gye| tatpazcAt zAntinAtha ne sahasrAmravana meM jAkara paMcamuSTiyoM se kezoM kA luMcana kiyA aura vastraAdi samasta upakaraNa chor3akara digambara mudrA dhAraNa kara liyaa| indra ne unake kezoM ko piTAre meM rakhakara kSIrasAgara meM pravAhita kara diyA / taduparAnta zAntinAtha ne mandirapura nagara ke rAjA sumitra se prAsuka AhAra prApta kiyaa| chadmastha avasthA meM solaha varSa vyatIta karane evaM dharma kA upadeza dene hetu vihAra karane ke bAda Ayu ke eka mAha zeSa rahane para sammedazikhara para inhoMne jyeSTha kRSNa caturdazI ke dina nirvANa prApta kiyA / 191 zAntinAtha kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM kA aMkana la0 7vIM zatI I0 se hI uttara bhArata ke vibhinna zvetAmbara aura digambara kalA kendroM para lokapriya thA / devagar3ha, khajurAho, cA~dapura, kuMbhAriyA tathA kaI anya sthaloM para zAntinAtha ke mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa huA / zAntinAtha kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa mukhyataH devagar3ha, khajurAho cA~dapura, kuMbhAriyA, vimalavasahI, kauzAmbI, mAlAdevI mandira ( gyArasapura ), ahAr3a, rAjapArA ( midanApura ), pakbIrA (puruliyA ) aura bArabhujI evaM trizUla
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 89 guphAoM se milate haiM jinameM maga lAMchana aMkita hai kintu pAramparika yakSayakSI garuDa evaM nirvANI ( yA mahAmAnasI) ke sthAna para adhikAMzataH kubera aura ambikA nirUpita haiN| vimalavasahI evaM kuMbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha aura mahAvIra mandiroM ( 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0) ke vitAnoM para zAntinAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM kA vistArapUrvaka aMkana haA hai jisameM zAntinAtha ke pUrva janma kI kathA ko bhI abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai ( citra 38-39, ) / 192 uttarabhArata meM yadyapi zAntinAtha kA zilpAMkana vizeSa lokapriya thA kintu dakSiNa bhArata se inakI mUrti ke udAharaNa nahIM mile haiN| elorA meM bhI zAntinAtha kI koI mUrti nahIM hai| 17. kunthunAtha : satrahaveM tIrthaMkara kunthunAtha cakravartI bhI the| inakA janma hastinApura ke kauravavaMzI kAzyapagotrI rAjA sUrasena ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma zrIkAntA thA jinhoMne devoM dvArA kI gayI ratnavaSTi se pUjita hone, solaha zabhasvapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhane ke bAda sarvArthasiddhi ke ahamindra ko garbha meM dhAraNa kiyaa| vaizAkha zukla pratipadA ke dina Agneya yoga meM jina bAlaka kA janma hone para indra evaM anya devoM tathA dharaNendra ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se unakA abhiSeka kiyA aura 'kUntha' nAma rakhA / 193 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra janma avasara para mahArAja ne mitrajanoM ke samakSa kahA-"garbha samaya meM bAlaka kI mAtA ne kunthu nAmaka ratnoM kI rAzi dekhI ataH bAlaka kA nAma 'kunthunAtha' rakhA jAtA hai / " 194 / ___inakI Ayu paMcAnabe hajAra varSa va zarIra paiMtIsa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArakAla ke teisa hajAra sAta sau pacAsa varSa vyatIta ho jAne para inheM rAjya va itanA hI samaya aura vyatIta ho jAne para cakravartI lakSmI prApta huI / eka dina SaDaMga senA sahita vana meM krIr3A ko gaye kunthanAtha jaba vApasa nagara kI ora lauTa rahe the tabhI mArga meM eka muni ko Atapayoga meM sthita dekha va apane pUrvabhava kA smaraNa kara unheM AtmajJAna utpanna huA aura nirvANa prApta karane kI icchA se saMsAra ke prati unheM virakti ho gyii| usI samaya laukAntika devoM ne unakA stavana kiyaa| kunthu ne sahetuka vana meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSA dhAraNa kI / usI samaya unheM manaHparyaya jJAna utpanna ho gyaa| kaThina tapazcaraNa karate hue solaha varSa vyatIta ho jAne para eka
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________________ 90 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana dina tilaka vRkSa ke nIce caitra zuklA tRtIyA ke dina unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / aneka dezoM meM dharmopadeza hetu vihAra karate hue jaba Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba sammedazikhara para eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara vaizAkha zuklA pratipadA ke dina kRtikA nakSatra meM unhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 195 lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0 se kunthunAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke kucha udAharaNa mile haiM jo aluara (bihAra), bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM, rAjapUtAnA saMgrahAlaya, ajamera va vimalavasahI meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| kunthu kA lAMchana chAga ( yA bakarA) aura yakSa-yakSI gandharva evaM balA ( yA acyutA yA jayA) haiM / 196 elorA meM kunthunAtha kI mUrti nahIM hai| 18. aranAtha : aThArahaveM tIrthaMkara aranAtha cakravartI bhI the jinakA janma hastinApura ke somavaMzI kAzyapagotrI rAjA sudarzana ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA mitrasenA ne bhI solaha zubhasvapna dekhe tathA devoM dvArA garbhakalyANaka utsava ke bAda mRgazira zukla caturdazI ke dina puSya nakSatra meM tIna jJAnoM se suzobhita uttama putrako janma diyaa| unake janma kalyANaka meM vibhinna uttamadeva apane deviyoM ke sAtha sammilita hue|197 aranAtha tIrthaMkara kI Ayu caurAsI hajAra varSa tathA zarIra tIsa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArakAla ke ikkIsa hajAra varSa tathA itanA hI aura samaya bIta jAne para inheM rAjya va cakravartI pada prApta huaa| eka dina zarada Rtu ke meghoM ko akasmAt vilaya hotA dekha kara inheM isa saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI aura tabhI apane aravinda kumAra nAmaka pUtra ko rAjya dekara aranAtha sahetuka vana meM cale gaye aura vahA~ eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSita ho gaye / / 198 chadmastha avasthA meM solaha varSa vyatIta ho jAne ke bAda kArtika zuklA dvAdazI ke dina revatI nakSatra meM AmravRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| vibhinna dezoM meM dharma kA upadeza dene ke liye vihAra karate hae jaba unakI Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba sammedazikhara para eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara caitra kRSNa amAvasyA ke dina revatI nakSatra meM inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyaa| cakravartI hone ke kAraNa aranAtha ko bhI caudaha ratnoM va nau nidhiyoM kA adhipati mAnA. gayA hai / 199
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 99 - aranAtha kA lAMchana digambara paramparA meM matsya batAyA gayA hai jabaki yakSa aura yakSI yakSendra aura dhAriNI ( yA tArAvatI ) haiM / 10vIM zatI I0 kI saheTha-maheTha ( goMDA, u0 pra0) se prApta matsya lAMchana se yukta aranAtha kI eka mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita hai| kucha anya mUrtiyA~ madhyapradeza ke ahAr3a, madanapura evaM bajaraMgagar3ha tathA bArabhujI guphA se prApta huI haiM / 200 elorA meM aranAtha kI koI mUrti nahIM hai| 19. mallinAtha : unnIsaveM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA janma mithilA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI kAzyapagotrI rAjA kumbha ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA prajAvatI tho / mRgazira sudI ekAdazI ke dina azirAnI nakSatra meM mAtA prajAvatI ne jina bAlaka ko janma diyA jo sabhI lakSaNoM se yukta the aura jinakA devoM ne sumeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka kiyA va 'mallinAtha' nAma rakhA / 201 zvetAmbara paramparA meM mallinAtha ko nArI tIrthaMkara batAyA gayA hai| nAyAdhammakahAo meM nArI tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM ke vistRta ullekha haiM / 202 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mAtA ke garbhakAla meM pUSyazayyA para sone kA dohada utpanna huA ataH mahArAja kumbha ne nAmakaraNa ke samaya inakA nAma 'mallI' rakhA / 203 mallinAtha kI Ayu pacapana hajAra varSa va zarIra pacIsa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kUmArakAla ke sau varSa vyatIta ho jAne para jaba inake vivAha ke liye nagara sajAyA jA rahA thA tabhI inheM apane pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AyA aura saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| chadmastha avasthA meM chaha dina bIta jAne para azoka vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| dharmopadeza hetu vihAra karate hue jaba unakI Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba sammedAcala para phAlguna zuklA paMcamI ke dina inhoMne nirvANa prApta kiyA / 04 ____ nArI tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM ukerita 11vIM zatI I0 kI eka zvetAmbara mUrti unnAva se milI hai aura vartamAna meM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita hai| mUrti meM vakSasthala kA ubhAra aura veNI ke rUpa meM pradarzita keza racanA draSTavya hai| digambara paramparA kI tIna mUrtiyA~ kramazaH
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________________ 92 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana bArabhujI evaM trizUla guphAoM tathA rAmavana saMgrahAlaya, satanA meM haiM / 205 elorA meM mallinAtha kI mUrti nahIM hai| 20. munisuvrataH bIsaveM tIrthaMkara 'munisuvrata' kA janma rAjagRha nagara ke harivaMzI kAzyapagotrI rAjA sumitra ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma somA thaa| indroM ne anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti inakA bhI sumeru parvata para le jAkara kSIrasAgara ke jala se abhiSeka kiyA aura 'munisuvrata' nAma rakhA / 206 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra garbhakAla meM inakI mAtA samyak rIti se muni kI taraha vrata kA pAlana karatI rahIM ataH mahArAja sumitra ne inakA nAma 'munisuvrata' rakhA / 20deg uttarapurANa ke 67veM parva meM AThaveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM rAmakathA ke tInoM pramukha caritoM rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kA bhI ullekha huA hai jo munisuvrata ke samakAlIna the| inakI Ayu tIsa hajAra varSa, zarIra bIsa dhanuSa U~cA aura kAnti mayara ke kaNTha ke samAna nIlI thii| Ayu ke pandraha hajAra varSa vyatIta ho jAne para eka dina unake bhAgahastI ne apane pUrvabhava kA smaraNa kara jaba khAnA-pInA chor3a diyA tabhI inheM bhI nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti ho gayI aura inhoMne dIkSA dhAraNa kara liyaa| tapazcaraNa karate hue chadmastha avasthA meM gyAraha mAha vyatIta ho jAne para campaka vRkSa ke nIce vaizAkha kRSNa navamI ke dina zravaNa nakSatra meM inhoMne kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| cirakAla taka AryakSetra meM dharma kA upadeza dete hue jaba unakI Aya kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba sammedazikhara para eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha pratimA yoga dhAraNa kara inhoMne mokSa prApta kiyA / 208 jainakalA meM munisuvrata kI mUrtiyA~ 9vIM zatI I0 se hI milane lagatI haiM, inakA lAMchana kUrma aura yakSa-yakSI varuNa evaM naradattA (yA bahurUpiNI) haiM / vimalavasahI, kumbhAriyA, bajarAmaTha (gyArasapura, ma0pra0), AgarA, khajurAho, bArabhujI guphA evaM rAjagira meM munisuvrata kI kaI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM (citra 7) / digambara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM munisuvrata kI bahurUpiNI yakSI ko zayyA para leTe dikhAyA gayA hai jabaki AgarA se milI aura rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita 'munisuvrata' lekha se yukta mUrti ke parikara meM jIvanta svAmI mahAvIra evaM balarAma aura kRSNa kI AkRtiyoM ke atirikta yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM kubera aura ambikA kA
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 93 aMkana huA hai| smaraNIya hai ki munisuvrata ke samakAlIna rAma aura lakSmaNa rahe haiM jabaki balarAma aura kRSNa paravartI 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke samakAlIna the / 209 Azcarya hai ki elorA meM munisuvrata kI eka bhI mUrti nahIM bnii| 21. naminAtha : 21veM tIrthaMkara naminAtha kA janma mithilA nagarI ke vRSabhadeva ke vaMzaja, kAzyapagotrI rAjA vijaya mahArAja ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma vappilA thaa| janma ke chaha mAha pUrva se devoM ne inake A~gana meM ratnavRSTi dvArA inakI pUjA kI va zrI, hrI tathA dhRti Adi deviyoM ne vibhinna prakAra se inakI sevA kii| inhoMne bhI anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha solaha zubha svapna dekhe the| ASAr3ha kRSNa dazamI ke dina svAti nakSatra meM inhoMne jina bAlaka ko janma diyA jisakA devoM ne janmakalyANaka utsava kiyA tathA unakA nAma 'naminAtha' rakhA / 210 zvetAmbara paramparA meM ullekha hai ki garbhAvasthA meM jaba zatruoM ne mithilA nagarI ko ghera liyA thA, taba rAjaprasAda kI chata se jAkara una zatruoM kI ora inakI mAtA dvArA saumya dRSTi se dekhane para zatru rAjA kA mana badala gayA aura vaha mahArAja vijaya ke caraNoM meM jAkara jhuka gyaa| usake isa apratyAzita namana ke kAraNa hI bAlaka kA nAma 'naminAtha' rakhA gayA / 11 inakI Ayu dasa hajAra varSa va zarIra pandraha dhanuSa U~cA thaa| kumArakAla ke DhAI hajAra varSa vyatIta hone para unheM rAjya pada prApta huA aura rAjya karate hue jaba pA~ca hajAra varSa bIta gaye taba eka dina vana meM vihAra ke liye gaye naminAtha ko, AkAza mArga se darzanArtha Aye do devakumAroM se, apane tIrthaMkara hone ke bAre meM patA calA aura usI samaya unheM saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| tadanantara nami suputra nAmaka putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara caitravana nAmaka udyAna meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha unhoMne dIkSA dhAraNa kI / chadmastha avasthA meM nava varSa vyatIta ho jAne para mArgazIrSa zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ke dina bakula vRkSa ke nIce inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| tadanantara dharma kA upadeza dete aura vihAra karate hue jaba unakI vAyu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba unhoMne eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha sammedazikhara para jAkara pratimA yoga dhAraNa kara mokSa prApta kiyaa|212 naminAtha kI kevala kucha hI mUrtiyA~ kumbhAriyA~, lUgavasahI, paTanA
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________________ 94 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana saMgrahAlaya evaM bArabhujI guphA meM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| nami kA lAMchana nIlotpala aura yakSa-yakSI bhRkuTi evaM gAndhArI ( yA cAmuNDA ) haiM / 213 elorA meM inakI bhI koI mUrti nahIM utkIrNa hai| 22. neminAtha ( yA ariSTanemi ) : 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA janma harivaMza ke kAzyapagotrI zikhAmaNi rAjA samudravijaya ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma ziva devI thA jinhoMne solaha zubha svapna va mukha meM praveza karatA uttama hAthI dekhane va garbha meM tIrthaMkara ke avatIrNa hone kA samAcAra rAjA dvArA jAnane ke bAda zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina citrA nakSatra meM tIna jJAna ke dhAraka jina bAlaka ko janma diyaa| jJAtavya hai ki RSabhanAtha ke bAda neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra hI sarvAdhika lokapriya tIrthaMkara rahe haiM / neminAtha kA balarAma aura kRSNa ke cacere bhAI hone ke kAraNa vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| balarAma aura kRSNa ko 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM kramazaH 9veM balabhadra aura 9veM nArAyaNa ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| janma ke bAda saudharma Adi neminAtha ko airAvata gaja para sumeru parvata para le gaye aura sUvarNamaya eka hajAra ATha kalazoM meM bhare hae kSIrasAgara ke jala se inakA abhiSeka kara 'nemi' nAma se sambodhita kiyaa|214 zvetAmbara paramparA meM ullekha hai ki "garbhakAla meM mahArAja sabhI prakAra ke ariSToM se bace rahe tathA mAtA ne ariSTa ratnanAma cakra-nemi kA darzana kiyA, isaliye isa bAlaka kA nAma 'ariSTanemi' rakhA gyaa|"215 ___inakI Ayu eka hajAra varSa kI tathA zarIra dasa dhanuSa U~cA thaa| aneka prakAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karate hue ve dvArAvatI nagarI meM cirakAla taka rahe / eka dina zarada Rtu meM jaba neminAtha manohara nAmaka sarovara meM antaHpura ke anya logoM ke sAtha sammilita zrIkRSNa kI patnI satyabhAmA ke sAtha jala-krIr3A kara rahe the taba una donoM ke bIca caturAI pUrNa manohara vArtAlApa huaa| snAna ke bAda jaba neminAtha ne satyabhAmA se apane snAna ke vastroM ko dho DAlane ke liye kahA to satyabhAmA unake Age kRSNa ke sAhasa kA paricaya dete hue kahane lagoM ki "kyA Apa vaha zrIkRSNa haiM jinhoMne nAgazayyA para car3hakara zAGaga nAmaka divya dhanuSa car3hA diyA thA tathA zaMkha nAda kiyA thA ? satyabhAmA kI ina bAtoM ko sunakara neminAtha AyudhazAlA meM gaye aura vahA~ nAgazayyA para car3hakara dhanuSa kI pratyaMcA car3hA kara zaMkha bajA diyaa| kRSNa ko .
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________________ tIrthaMkara ( yA jina) : 95 jaba isake bAre meM sUcanA milI to unhoMne neminAtha kA vivAha kara denA ucita samajhA kyoMki bahuta samaya bAda neminAtha kA citta rAga se yukta huA thA / 216 kRSNa ne neminAtha ke vivAha ke liye rAjA ugrasena se unakI putrI rAjImatI kI yAcanA kI aura vivAhotsava Arambha kiyA / kintu dusare dina kRSNa ke hRdaya meM yaha lobha utpanna hone para ki kahIM neminAtha sArA rAjya na le leM, unhoMne neminAtha ke mana meM virakti utpanna karane ke uddezya se AkheTakoM dvArA bahuta se mRgoM ko pakar3avA kara unheM eka sthAna para banda karavA diyA aura rakSakoM ko yaha Adeza diyA ki neminAtha dvArA mRgoM ke bAre meM pUche jAne para unheM yaha batAyA jAya ki ina mRgoM ko unake vivAhotsava ke avasara para diye jAne vAle bhoja ke liye AhAra svarUpa lAyA gayA hai / 217 dizAoM kA avalokana karane ke liye nikale neminAtha ne jaba karuNa svara meM ArtanAda karate daur3ate, pyAse mRgoM ko dekhA aura yaha bhI jAna liyA ki kRSNa ne rAjya grahaNa kI AzaMkA se unake sAtha aisA kapaTa kiyA hai to usI samaya unheM isa saMsAra se virakti ho gayI / tabhI laukAntika devoM ne Akara unheM pUrvabhava kA smaraNa karavAyA tathA indroM ne dIkSA kalyANaka kiyA / tatpazcAt neminAtha ne sahasrAmravana meM jAkara eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA aura pAraNA ke liye dvArAvatI nagarI gaye jahA~ varadatta se prAsuka AhAra prApta kiyA / tapasyA karate hue chadmastha avasthA ke jaba unake chappana dina vyatIta ho gaye taba eka dina raivataka ( giranAra ) parvata para eka bA~sa ke vRkSa ke nIce unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA / aneka dezoM meM vihAra karane ke bAda ve dvArAvatI nagarI gaye aura vahA~ para kRSNa va baladeva ko dharma ke svarUpa kA upadeza diyA / isa prakAra 699 varSa 9 mAha taka aura cAra dinoM taka vihAra karane ke bAda 533 muniyoM ke sAtha eka mAha taka yoga nirodhaka kara neminAtha ne mokSa prApta kiyA | 218 neminAtha kI mUrtiyA~ pahalI zatI I0 se hI banane lagIM jisake udAharaNa mathurA se prApta hue haiM / nemi kA lAMchana zaMkha hai jo kRSNa se unake sambandha kA sUcaka hai / nemi ke yakSa yakSI gomedha evaM ambikA haiM / kalA meM yakSa ke rUpa meM kubera kA aMkana huA hai / digambara sthaloM para kuSANakAla se hI neminAtha ke pAvoM meM haladhara balarAma aura zaMkha,
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________________ 96 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana cakradhArI kRSNa kA aMkana huA hai jisake paravartI udAharaNa mathurA ke atirikta devagar3ha se bhI mile haiM ( citra 8) / neminAtha kI mUrtiyA~ jahA~ para lokapriyatA ke krama meM RSabhanAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ke bAda rahI haiM vahIM dakSiNa bhArata meM neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM ke udAharaNa lagabhaga nagaNya haiN| lUNavasahI, kumbhAriyA tathA kaI anya sthaloM para neminAtha ke svatantra mandira bhI bane haiN| sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha, khajurAho, mathurA se prApta huI haiM jinameM zaMkha lAMchana aura yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM kubera-aMbikA kA aMkana haa| kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha va mahAvIra mandiroM tathA vimalavasahI va lUNavasahI aura kalpasUtra ke citroM meM neminAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM kA vistArapUrvaka aMkana huA hai (citra 39-40 ) / ina dRzyoM meM paMcakalyANakoM ke atirikta kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA meM nemi ke zakti pradarzana aura piMjare meM banda pazuoM ko dekhakara neminAtha ke mana meM utpanna hue virakti ke prasaMgoM ko bhI darzAyA gayA hai / 219 / ____ elorA meM neminAtha kI kevala eka mUrti milI hai jo guphA saM0 30 meM utkIrNa hai| neminAtha kI ambikA yakSI kI 12 svatantra mUrtiyoM ke pariprekSya meM neminAtha kI kevala eka mUrti kA milanA Azcaryajanaka hai| siMhAsana, trichatra, prabhAmaNDala, cAmaradhara jaise prAtihAryoM se sevita neminAtha ke sAtha yakSI rUpa meM ambikA ( bAlaka sahita ) kI AkRti bhI banI hai| 23. pArzvanAtha: 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko aitihAsika vyakti aura jainadharma kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai jinake cAturyAma ( satya, ahiMsA, asteya, aparigraha ) meM mahAvIra ne kevala brahmacarya ko jor3akara paMcamahAvrata kA upadeza diyaa| yaha bhI sandarbha milatA hai ki mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA pArzvanAtha dvArA sthApita jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ( adhyAya 23 ) meM pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke do ziSyoM kesI aura gautama ke madhya jaina saMgha ke sambandha meM hue vArtAlApa kA ullekha220 tathA mahAvIra kI yaha ukti ki 'jo kucha pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzva ne kahA hai maiM vahI kaha rahA hU~'221 pArzvanAtha kI aitihAsikatA siddha karate haiN| jainapurANAnusAra unakA nirvANa mahAvIra ke nirvANa se 350 varSa pUrva, tadnusAra 527 + 250 = 777 varSa I0 pU0 meM huA thaa|222 pArzvanAtha kA janma kAzI ke vArANasI nagara ke kAzyapagotrI rAjA
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________________ torthakara (yA jina) : 97 vizsena ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma brAhmI thA / anya jina mAtAoM kI taraha brAhmI ne bhI solaha zubha svapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhA thaa| tadanantara pati se una svapnoM kA phala jAnakara va devoM dvArA kiye gaye garbhakalyANaka utsava se ve ati prasanna huiiN| pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ke dina anila yoga meM inhoMne jina bAlaka ko janma diyaa| saudharma Adi indroM ne inheM sumeru parvata para le jAkara inakA janmakalyANaka kiyA aura 'pArzvanAtha' nAma rakhA / 223 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra garbhAvasthA meM inakI mAtA ne eka rAta pArzva meM sarpa dekhA thA, isI kAraNa inakA nAma 'pArzvanAtha' rakhA gayA / 224 pArzvanAtha kI Ayu sau varSa tathA zarIra nau hAtha U~cA thaa| zarIra kI kAnti dhAna ke choTe paudhe ke samAna hare raMga kI thI tathA ve samasta lakSaNoM se suzobhita the|225 kumArakAla ke tIsa varSa vyatIta hone para eka dina ayodhyA ke rAjA ne vibhinna bheMTa Adi ke sAtha apane dUta ko pArzvanAtha ke pAsa bhejaa| pArzvanAtha dvArA ayodhyA ke bAre meM pUche jAne para sarvaprathama usane vRSabhadeva va tatpazcAt ayodhyA ke bAre meM btaayaa| vRSabhadeva ke bAre meM sunate hI unheM atIta bhavoM kA jJAna ho gayA aura saMsAra se virakti ho gyii| tabhI laukAntika deva Aye aura indrAdi devoM ne dIkSA kalyANaka kiyaa|226 pArzvanAtha azvavana meM tIna sau rAjAoM ke sAtha dIkSita hue| paMcamuSTiyoM se laMcita kezoM ko indra ne Adara pUrvaka uThAkara kSIrasAgara meM pravAhita kiyaa| chadmastha avasthA meM cAra mAha vyatIta hone ke bAda jaba vaha vana meM devadAsa vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna the usI samaya pUrvabhava kA zatru kamaTha kA jIva jo zambara nAmaka asura thA, AkAzamArga se udhara se kahIM jA rahA thA / akasmAt apane vimAna ke ruka jAne se use apane pUrvabhava ke vaira kA smaraNa ho AyA aura phalasvarUpa pArzvanAtha kA dhyAna bhaMga karane ke liye usane kaI prakAra ke upasarga, mahAvRSTi va choTe-moTe parvata khaNDoM ko upasthita kiyA kintu pArzvanAtha dhyAnamagna aura pUrI taraha avicalita rahe / upasargakAla meM hI ativRSTi se pArzvanAtha kI rakSA ke lie nAgakumAra devoM ke indra dharaNendra apanI patnI ke sAtha pRthvItala se bAhara nikala Aye aura pArzvanAtha ko apane phaNoM ke Upara uThA liyA tathA usakI patnI ( padmAvatI) ne vajramaya chatra ke zIrSabhAga (pArzvanAtha ke dhyAna ke prabhAva) se chAyAkara pArzva kI varSA se rakSA kI antataH
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________________ 98 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana pArzvanAtha ke dhyAna ke prabhAva se sArA upasarga dUra ho gayA / 227 jJAtavya hai ki yahI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI pArzvanAtha ke yakSa-yakSI hue jinheM zvetAmbara aura digambara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha ke donoM pArzvo guptakAla ke bAda se hI nirUpita kiyA gayA / pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA kI avadhi meM pUrvajanma ke bairI kamaTha ke zambara ( yA meghamAlI - zvetAmbara ) nAmaka asura ke rUpa meM upasthita kiye gaye taraha-taraha ke upasargoM kA zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparA ke granthoM meM atyadhika vistAra ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| uttarapurANa ke atirikta AdipurANa ke karttA jinasena ke pAzvabhyudaya kAvya ( la 783 I0 ) meM bhI kamaTha ke upasargoM kA ullekha huA hai / pAzvabhyudaya meM upasargoM ke antargata kevala sundara apsarAoM evaM pArzva ke Upara vizAla zilA khaNDoM ke pheMke jAne kA hI ullekha huA hai / 228 uttarapurANa meM ina upasargoM kA kiMcit vistAra huA aura lagAtAra 7 dinoM taka zambara dvArA upasthita kiye gaye upasargoM kA ullekha huA kintu zilAkhaNDoM aura ativRSTi ke atirikta anya kisI upasarga kA sandarbha nahIM diyA gayA hai / sarvaprathama padmakIrti ke pAsanAhacariu (1077 I0 ) meM vibhinna upasargoM kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 229 isake antargata zambara ke alaga-alaga svarUpa dhAraNa karane aura pArzvanAtha kA dhyAna bhaMga karane ke liye bajra, bANa, zUla, mudgara aura parazu jaise ghAtaka astroM dvArA pIr3ita karane evaM zArdUla, siMha, sarpaM, zvAna, kapi, rIcha, mahiSa, varAha, gaja aura vRSabha jaise pazuoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara pArzvanAtha kA dhyAna bhaMga karane kI asaphala ceSTA kA ullekha huA hai / sAtha hI vaitAla, pizAca, DAkinI aura vibhinna grahoM dvArA pArzva ko bhayAkrAnta evaM vibhinna apsarAoM dvArA AkarSita karane kI ceSTA kA bhI sandarbha hai / anta meM nirAza hokara zambara ne mahAvRSTi dvArA pArzva kA dhyAna bhaMga kara unheM jala meM Dubo denA cAhA jisase nAgarAja dharaNendra ne unakI rakSA kI / zambara ne nAgarAja dharaNendra para bhI vajra aura zilAkhaNDoM se AkramaNa kiyA / kintu kisI bhI prakAra pArzva kA dhyAna bhaMga karane meM saphala nahIM huA / anta meM usane pArzva se kSamAyAcanA kI / zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI pArzvanAtha kI sAdhanA ke madhya upasthita vibhinna upasargoM kA varNana milatA hai| isameM bhI ullekha hai ki pUrva janma ke vairI kamaTha ke jIva, jo meghamAlI nAmaka asura huA, ne siMha, cItA,
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 99 mattahAthI, vRzcika, sarpa va vIbhatsa vaitAla kA rUpa dhAraNa kara pArzvanAtha ko aneka prakAra kI yAtanAe~ dI aura unake avicalita rahane para bhayaMkara vRSTi kii| jaba varSA kA jala cAroM ora se pArzva ke nAsAgra taka pahu~ca gayA aura taba bhI unakA dhyAna bhaMga nahIM huA to dharaNendra ne vahA~ pahu~ca kara dIrghanAla yukta kamala kI racanA kI evaM unake zarIra ko saptasarpaphaNoM ke chatra se Dhaka liyA / anta meM meghamAlI ne apanI parAjaya svIkAra kara pArzvanAtha se kSamA mA~gI / 230 caitrakRSNa caturdazI ke dina prAtaHkAla vizAkhA nakSatra meM pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI aura usI samaya devoM ne caturthakalyANaka kI pUjA kii| bAraha sabhAoM ke sAtha dharmopadeza karate hue pA~ca mAha kama sattara varSa taka pArzvanAtha ne vihAra kiyA aura jaba unakI Ayu kA eka mAha zeSa raha gayA taba sammedAcala para chattIsa muniyoM ke sAtha pratimAyoga dhAraNa kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa| usI samaya indroM ne Akara inakI nirvANakalyANaka pUjA kI / 231 anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti pArzvanAtha ne bhI pUrvabhava kI sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa tIrthaMkara pada prApta kiyaa| digambara paramparA meM inake ATha va zvetAmbara paramparA meM dasa pUrva bhavoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 232 pArzvanAtha uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM samAna rUpa se lokapriya rahe haiM jinakI mUrtiyA~ la0 pahalI zatI I0 pU0 se hI mathurA ke AyAgapaTa para evaM priMsa oNva velsa myUz2iyama, bambaI meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / tIrthakaroM meM sarvaprathama pArzvanAtha ke sAtha hI lakSaNa kA nirdhAraNa huA aura prArambhika mUrtiyoM meM pA~ca (bAdAmI, ayahola, priMsa oNva velsa saMgrahAlaya, bambaI ) yA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se inheM AcchAdita dikhAyA gayA (citra 10-12) jisakI pRSThabhUmi zambara yA meghamAlI ke upasargoM ke prasaMga meM dharaNendra dvArA sarpaphaNoM ke chatra kI chAyA ke sandarbha meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| pArzvanAtha ke sAtha tIna, sAta aura 11 sarpaphaNoM ke pradarzana kA ullekha zAstroM meM milatA hai kintu mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra hI dikhAyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha kA lAMchana sarpa aura yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra aura padmAvatI haiN| kuSANakAla meM mathurA meM pArzva kI sarvAdhika svataMtra mUrtiyA~ banIM jinameM pArzva ko dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna yA kAyotsarga meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / la0 pA~cavIM zatI I0 se pArzva kI mUrtiyoM meM sarpa-phaNoM ke chatra
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________________ 100 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana se yukta dharaNendra aura chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kI sthAnaka AkRtiyoM kA rUpAyana Arambha huA jo kAlAntara meM sabhI kSetroM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / uttara bhArata meM pArzvanAtha kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ mathurA, devagar3ha evaM khajurAho jaise sthaloM para banIM / khajurAho, kumbhAriyA evaM. kaI anya sthaloM para pArzvanAtha ke svatantra mandira bhI bane / dharaNendra-padmAvatI kI pArzvavartI AkRtiyoM ke sAtha hI siMhAsana choroM para bhI devagar3ha, khajurAho, kumbhAriyA aura delavAr3A kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana huA hai| khajurAho evaM devagar3ha ke digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI dharaNendra evaM padmAvatI haiM jabaki kumbhAriyA aura delavAr3A kI zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM yakSa yakSI ke rUpa meM neminAtha ke kubera yA sarvonubhUti yakSa aura ambikA yakSI ko AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai / kucha udAharaNoM meM sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA ke zIrSabhAga meM sarpaphaNoM kA chatra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| osiyA~ aura vimalavasahI kI devakulikA 4 kI do zvetAmbara mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana choroM para pAramparika yakSa-yakSI pArzva evaM padmAvatI nirUpita haiM / 233 kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A aura osiyA~ meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvanadRzyoM kA vistArapUrvaka aMkana bhI kiyA gayA hai jinameM paMcakalyANakoM ke sAtha hI kamaTha ke vibhinna upasargoM ko bhI pUrva vistAra ke sAtha darzAyA gayA hai ( citra 41 ) / 234 elorA meM bhI tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzvanAtha kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa huIM jisake 31 se adhika udAharaNa mile haiN| mUrti saMkhyA kI dRSTi se adhika hote hue bhI yaha sarvathA Azcarya kI bAta hai ki kisI guphA ke garbhagRha meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti nahIM milI hai| elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM garbhagRha meM sarvadA mahAvIra kI mUrtiyA~ hI utkIrNa haiN| elorA meM pArzvanAtha kI lokapriyatA na kevala uttarapurANa varan jinasena kRta pArzvabhyudaya meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana carita evaM upasargoM Adi ke vistRta ullekha ke pariprekSya meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / 235 pArzvanAtha kI 31 mUrtiyoM meM se 9 udAharaNoM meM pArzva dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna aura zeSa meM kAyotsarga meM nirvastra nirUpita haiM / pArzva kI mUrtiyA~ yA to maNDapa meM yA vIthikAoM meM ukerI haiM / pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se ina mUrtiyoM meM koI lakSaNaparaka bheda nahIM dikhAI detA hai / pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM kaThina sAdhanA aura tapasyA ke
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________________ tIrthaMkara ( yA jina) : 101 pratIka bAhubalI - gommaTezvara kI mUrtiyoM ke sAmane ukerI gayI haiM kyoMki pArzva evaM bAhubalI, donoM hI kaThina tapasa aura sAdhanA ke pratIka haiM / pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM trichatra, cAmaradhArI sevaka, siMhAsana, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara evaM dundubhivAdaka jaise prAtihAryoM kI AkRtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiM, jabaki kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM kisI bhI prAtihArya kA aMkana nahIM huA hai aura unameM zambara ke upasargoM ko pUre vistAra aura vividhatA ke sAtha darzAyA gayA hai / yaha tathya sambhavataH isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ pArzva ke kaivalya prApti ke pUrva aura tapasyA ke samaya ko vyakta karatI haiM / 236 dhyAnastha mUrti ke kevala eka udAharaNa meM yakSa-yakSI kubera aura ambikA kI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / ' pArzva kI sabhI dhyAnastha evaM kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM kA chatra dikhAyA gayA hai| guphA saMkhyA 32 meM pArzva kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ (12) utkIrNa haiM, jabaki guphA saM0 30, 31, 33 aura 34 meM kramazaH 5, 2, 10 aura 2 mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiM ( citra 13, 16 ) / parikara meM zambara ke upasargoM ke vistRta aMkana kI dRSTi se elorA kI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyA~ sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiM kyoMki gyArasapura ke mAlAdevI mandira ( vidizA, ma0 pra0), bhAratIya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA, hummaca ( zimogA, karnATaka ) evaM kucha anya udAharaNoM ke atirikta upasargoM kA ukerana pArzvanAtha kI svataMtra mUrtiyoM meM sAmAnyataH nahIM huA hai| kumbhAriyA kI 11vIM zatI I0 ke mahAvIra aura zAMtinAtha mandiroM (khetAmbara ) ke vitAnoM para pArzvanAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM ke aMkana ke prasaMga meM vibhinna upasargoM kA bhI citraNa huA hai / elorA meM upasargoM ke sandarbha meM zambara kI tIna se ATha AkRtiyA~ vibhinna AkrAmaka mudrAoM evaM zastroM ke sAtha dikhAI gayI haiM / jaina mahApurANa evaM pUrvavartI mUrta udAharaNoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta dharaNendra aura pArzvanAtha ke sira ke Upara chAyA karate lambe chatra ko dhAraNa karane vAlI padmAvatI kI AkRtiyA~ elorA kI mUrtiyoM meM donoM pAvoM meM AkArita haiM / elorA kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM, eka udAharaNa ( guphA saM0 31 ) ke atirikta, mAnavadehadhArI dharaNendra ko nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai / ina udAharaNoM meM dharaNendra ko kevala pArzvanAtha ke sira para dikhAye gaye sarpaphaNoM ke chatra aura sampUrNa zarIra ko pariveSThita
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________________ 102 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana karate sarpaphaNoM evaM kuNDaliyoM ke pratIka rUpa meM hI dikhAyA gayA hai / zambara ko vibhinna upasargoM ke prasaMga meM mahiSa, siMha aura havA meM tairate hue. asura tathA zula, zalikA, trizula, daNDa, vajra, sarpa aura parvatakhaNDoM se pArzvanAtha ke Upara bhISaNa AkramaNa karate hue AkArita kiyA gayA hai (citra 13, 14, 15, 16 ) / zambara kI ugratA aura pArzvanAtha kA zAMtabhAva se avicalita rUpa meM tapasyArata bane rahanA ina do alagaalaga sthitiyoM ko elorA ke zilpiyoM ne bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha mUrtiyoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| yakSI padmAvatI kI kSINakAya zarIra racanA meM nArI sulabha mRdutA evaM loca tathA surucipUrNa alaMkaraNa, vizeSa rUpa se dhyAtavya haiN| kucha udAharaNoM meM padmAvatI ke eka yA donoM pAvoM meM nAgI kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| pratimAlakSaNa kI dRSTi se elorA kI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyA~ aura unameM dikhAye gaye upasarga spaSTataH bAdAmI aura ayahola kI pArzvanAtha mUrtiyoM kA paravartI vikasita rUpa dikhalAtI haiN| (citra 11, 12) / guphA saM0 32 ke udAharaNoM meM hI zambara ke upasargoM kA sarvAdhika vistArapUrvaka ukerana huA hai (citra 14, 15, 16 ) / 24. mahAvIra : vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 24veM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIra mahAna dharma, vyAkhyAtA, lokanAyaka, sudhAraka evaM vizva hitacintaka bhI the| jaina zAstroM ke anusAra anya tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna mahAvIra ke jIva ne bhI vibhinna bhavoM meM satkarmoM kA saMcaya kara tIrthaMkara pada prApta kiyA thA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM unake 27 digambara paraMparA meM 33 pUrvabhavoM kA varNana hai| mahAvIra kA janma (la0 599 I0 pU0) videha ke kuNDapura nAmaka. nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma / priyakAriNI thA / 237 kuNDapura kahA~ thA, isa bAta ko lekara pazcAt kAlIna jaina paramparA meM yadyapi kucha bhrAMti hai kintu anta meM donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra kuNDapura ko videha meM sthita mAnA gayA hai| prAcIna vaizAlI238 ( bihAra ) ke samIpastha vAsukuNDa nAmaka grAma se prApta mudrA va kucha anya pramANoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne ise hI prAcIna kuNDapura aura mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi mAnA hai / 239 siddhArtha ke bhavana ke A~gana meM anya tIrthaMkaroM kI bhA~ti devoM ne chaha
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 103 mAha pUrva se pratidina sAr3he sAta karor3a ratnoM kI varSA kI tathA inakI mAtA ne 16 zubha svapna va mukha meM praveza karatA hAthI dekhA / mahArAnI una svapnoM kA phala mahArAja se jAnakara prasanna huiiN| usI samaya devoM dvArA garbhakalyANaka utsava kiyA gayA / 240 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra kA jIva pahale kuNDapura grAma ke brAhmaNa RSabhadatta kI patnI devAnandA kI kukSi meM utpanna huA / avadhijJAnI indra ko jaba isa bAta kA patA calA to unhoMne hariNaigameSI deva ko bulAkara mahAvIra ke bhrUNa ko brAhmaNI devAnandA ke garbha se kSatriyANI trizalA ke garbha meM parivartita karane kA Adeza diyA kyoMki cakravartI baladeva Adi kA janma sadaiva kSatriyakUla meM hI hotA AyA hai / 241 phalasvarUpa hariNaigameSI ne indra ke Adeza ko kriyAnvita kiyaa| caitra zukla trayodazI ke dina aryamA nAmaka zubha yoga meM mAtA ne jina bAlaka ko janma diyaa| saudhamendra ne mAyAmaya bAlaka ko mAtA ke pAsa rakhakara jina bAlaka ko sumeru parvata para le jAkara siMhAsana para virAjamAna kiyA aura kSIrasAgara ke jala se bhare kalazoM dvArA usakA abhiSeka kiyA tathA bAlaka kA 'vIra' aura 'vardhamAna' nAma rkhaa| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bAlaka ke janma ke bAda se dhana, dhAnya, koSa, bhaNDAra, bala tathA vAhana Adi samasta rAjakIya sAdhanoM meM abhUtapUrva vRddhi hone ke kAraNa hI bAlaka kA nAma 'vardhamAna' rakhA gayA / 242 digambara paramparA meM inake 'mahAvIra' nAma ke sambandha meM eka kathA varNita hai / eka bAra saMgama nAmaka deva inakI vIratA kI parIkSA lene ke uddezya se sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara inake pAsa aaye| usa samaya bAlaka vardhamAna apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha eka vRkSa para car3hakara krIr3A kara rahe the| sarpa ko dekhakara unake sabhI sAthI bhAga gaye kintu kumAra mahAvIra ne usa sarpa para car3ha kara nirbhaya ho krIr3A kii| isa zaurya para saMgama deva ne bAlaka kI stuti kI aura usakA nAma 'mahAvIra' rakhA / 243 kumArakAla ke tIsa varSa vyatIta ho jAne para dUsare hI dina inheM AtmajJAna ho gayA aura pUrvabhava kA smaraNa ho aayaa| usI samaya laukAntika devoM ne inakI stuti kI aura devoM ne niSkramaNa kalyANaka kI kriyA kii| tadanantara mahAvIra SaNDa nAmaka vana meM gaye aura ratnamayI
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________________ 104 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayanaH zilA para uttarAbhimukha hokara baiThe aura vastra AbhUSaNa tathA mAlA Adi kA parityAga kiyaa| unhoMne kezoM kA bhI luMcana kiyA jise indra ne uThAkara maNimaya piTAre meM rakhakara kSIrasAgara meM pravAhita kiyaa|244 __ mahAvIra ke jIvana se sambandhita kucha ghaTanAoM ko lekara digambara va zvetAmbara paramparAoM meM thor3A matabheda hai jaise digambara paramparA ke anusAra ve tIsa varSa taka kumAra va avivAhita rahe aura phira pravajita hue / kintu zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake vivAha tathA eka putrI kI carcA hai / 245 isI prakAra digambara paramparA ke anusAra pravajita hote samaya unhoMne samasta vastroM kA parityAga kara digambara rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA kintu zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra unhoMne pravRjita hone ke Der3ha varSa bAda taka vastra kA pUrI taraha parityAga nahIM kiyA thA / 24 // jisa dina inhoMne saMyama dhAraNa kiyA thA usI dina inheM cauthA manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gyaa| sabhI deva inakI stuti kara vApasa apaneapane sthAna ko cale gye| tadanantara mahAvIra ekAnta sthAna meM vidhipUrvaka tapa karane kI icchA se tapovana meM gaye aura vahA~ para nizaMka rIti se bhogoM kI nivRtti kara dasa prakAra ke dharmadhyAna kA cintavana kiyaa| eka dina jaba ve ujjayinI ke atimuktaka nAmaka zmazAna meM pratimAyoga se virAjamAna the, mahAdeva nAmaka rudra ne inakai dhairya kI parIkSA lene ke uddezya se vikarAla vaitAloM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara inake sAmane aneka prakAra ke upasarga upasthita kiye / usane sarpa, hAthI, siMha, agni aura vAyu ke sAtha bhIloM kI senA banAkara apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se bhayaMkara upasargoM dvArA unheM samAdhi se vicalita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kintu antataH asaphala hone para usane mahAvIra kA 'mahati' aura 'mahAvIra' nAma rakhakara unakI aneka prakAra se stuti kI tathA pArvatI ke sAtha nRtya kara vahA~ se calA gayA / 247 digambara paramparA kA ukta prasaMga spaSTataH ziva se sandarbhita hai aura zaiva evaM jainadharmoM ke pArasparika saMbaMdhoM kA sUcaka hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI inake sAdhanA ke madhya utpanna kiye gaye vibhinna upasargoM kA ullekha milatA hai| udAharaNArtha-eka dina mahAvIra jaba kumarigrAma ke bAhara dhyAnastha khar3e the, eka gvAlA vahA~ AyA aura apane bailoM ko vahA~ chor3a gAya duhane ke liye pAsa ke
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________________ / tIrthaMkara ( yA jina) : 105 -gA~va meM calA gyaa| baila carate carate kahIM dUra nikala gye| vApasa lauTa -kara Ane para jaba usa gvAle ne una bailoM ko vahA~ nahIM dekhA to usane mahAvIra se unake bAre meM pUchA / kintu unase koI uttara na pAkara vaha - svayaM bailoM ko DhUMDhane nikala pdd'aa| prAtaH usane jaba bailoM ko punaH mahAvIra -ke pAsa baiThA dekhA to krodhita ho unheM baila bA~dhane kI rassI se mArane calA / usI samaya indra vahA~ A gaye daivI prabhAva se gvAle ke hAtha Upara uThe raha gaye / isa ghaTanA ke bAda indra ne inake upasarga TAlane ke liye siddhArthaM nAmaka vyantara deva ko inake pAsa niyukta kara diyA / 248 - isI prakAra zUlapANi yakSa ke vibhinna upasargoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / eka bAra mahAvIra vihAra kara kisI ekAnta sthAna kI khoja meM nagara - ke bAhara sthita zUlapANi yakSa ke yakSAyatana meM Thahara gaye / yadyapi grAma- vAsiyoM ne yakSa kI krUratA Adi ke bAre meM mahAvIra ko batA diyA thA, taba bhI mahAvIra ne svayaM pariSaha sahane aura yakSa ko pratibodha dene ke " liye vahIM ThaharanA ucita smjhaa| rAtri ke aMdhakAra meM jaba yakSa vahA~ AyA to usane apanA parAkrama dikhalAne va dhyAnastha mahAvIra ko vicalita karane ke liye bhayaMkara hAthI kA rUpa dhAraNa kara mahAvIra ko dA~toM se - burI taraha godA va pairoM se rauMdA / phira pizAca kA rUpa banAkara tIkSNa nakhoM va dA~toM se inake zarIra ko nocA, sarpa bana kara daMza kiyA tathA unake A~kha, nAka, kAna, sira, dA~ta, nakha va pITha ina sAta sthAnoM para bhayaMkara vedanA dI / ina saba upasargoM ko zAnta bhAva se sahatA dekhakara yakSa ne antataH mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM girakara kSamA yAcanA kI / 249 isI prakAra kucha aura upasargoM kA varNana bhI zvetAmbara paramparA meM huA hai| kaThora tapa karate hue chadmastha avasthA ke jaba unake bAraha varSa vyatIta ho gaye taba vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina hasta va uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM jRmbhika grAma ke nikaTa RjukUlA nadI ke kinAre - zAla vRkSa ke nIce mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huyI / usI samaya saudharma svarga kA indra vibhinna devoM ke sAtha vahA~ AyA aura usane - jJAnakalyANaka sambandhI pUjA kii| vardhamAna aba parameSThI tathA arhanta -kahalAye | 250 donoM hI sampradAyoM ke granthoM ke anusAra kevalajJAna prApta karane ke - bAda tIsa varSa taka inhoMne vibhinna pradezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura
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________________ 106 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana dharmopadeza dekara tIrtha kI sthApanA kii| kintu digambara mAnyatAnusAra unakA prathama upadeza rAjagRha ke vipulAMcala parvata para huA thA jabaki zvetAmbara mAnyatAnusAra pAvA ke nikaTa kisI sthala para / 251 aneka dezoM meM vihAra va dharmadezanA ke bAda mahAvIra ne pAvApura nagara ke manohara vana ke madhya sthita maNimaya zilA para virAjamAna ho kAttika kRSNa caturdazI ke dina rAtri ke antima samaya svAtinakSatra meM eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha mokSa pada prApta kiyaa|252 jaina mAnyatAnusAra lagabhaga 527 I0 pU0 meM 72 varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra ko nirvANa pada prApta huaa| ___ sarvaprathama mathurA meM kuSANakAla meM mahAvIra kI svatantra mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa prArambha huA jinameM kisI cihna yA lAMchana ke sthAna para pIThikA. lekhoM meM diye gaye 'vardhamAna' aura 'mahAvIra' nAmoM ke AdhAra para tIrthaMkara kI pahacAna kI gyii| mahAvIra ke siMha lAMchana kA aMkana lagabhaga chaThI zatI I0 meM prArambha huA jisakA prAcInatama jJAta udAharaNa vArANasI se prApta aura bhArata kalA bhavana, vArANasI ( kramAMka 161). meM surakSita hai / mahAvIra ke yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga evaM siddhAyikA haiM / mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 se yakSa-yakSI kA aMkana prArambha huA jinake sarvAdhika udAharaNa uttara pradeza evaM madhyapradeza sthita mathurA, devagar3ha, gyArasapura evaM khajurAho se mile haiM (citra 18, 19,) / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna kI mahAvIra matiyoM meM yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM neminAtha ke sarvAnubhUti aura ambikA ko AkArita kiyA gayA hai| kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra aura zAntinAtha mandiroM (11vIM zatI I0) aura kalpasUtra ke citroM meM mahAvIra ke paMcakalyANakoM tathA pUrvabhavoM evaM tapasyA ke samaya zUlapANi yakSa, saMgamadeva Adi ke upasargo, candanabAlA se mahAvIra ke prathama bhikSA grahaNa ke kathA prasaMga dikhAye gaye haiM (citra 42-43 ) / 253 elorA meM mahAvIra kI lagabhaga 12 mUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM se 6 guphA saM0 30, 4 guphA saM0 32 aura 2 mUrtiyA~ guphA saM0 33 meM haiM / yaha mUrti saMkhyA spaSTataH elorA meM pArzvanAtha ke bAda mahAvIra kI sarvAdhika lokapriyatA ko prakaTa karatI haiN| elorA kI mahAvIra mUrtiyoM meM lakSaNa kI dRSTi se ekarUpatA aura bAdAmI tathA ayahola kI cAlukyakAlIna mahAvIra mUrtiyoM kA paravartI vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| bAdAmI tathA ayahola
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 107 kI mUrtiyoM kI bhA~ti elorA ke sabhI udAharaNoM meM mahAvIra ko dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna dikhAyA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki uttara bhArata ke adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM bhI mahAvIra dhyAnamudrA meM hI AmUrtita haiN| elorA kI mahAvIra mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH garbhagRhoM yA mukhya maNDapoM meM utkIrNa haiM jo elorA meM mahAvIra kI vizeSa pratiSThA kI sUcaka haiM / lagabhaga sabhI dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM siMhAsana ke madhya meM siMha lAMchana (dharmacakra ke sthAna para ), trichatra, devadundubhi, cAmaradhArI sevaka, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara, caityavRkSa, bhAmaNDala jaise prAtihArya tathA upAsakoM kI AkRtiyoM ko dikhAyA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke pIche Adhunika masanada jaisA pIThAsana pUrI taraha cAlukya udAharaNoM ke samAna hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM siMhAsana ke sUcaka siMhoM ke samIpa hI pazcima bhArata kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke samAna do gaja AkRtiyA~ bhI ukerI haiN| guphA saM0 32 ke eka udAharaNa meM gajArUr3ha kubera yakSa aura siMhavAhanA ambikA yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ rUpAyita haiM / kubera ke hAthoM meM phala aura dhana kA thailA evaM ambikA ke hAthoM meM. Amralumbi evaM bAlaka pradarzita hai| ___ jaina purANoM meM yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke bAda utsarpiNI kAla Arambha hogA aura punaH 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA AvirbhAva hogaa| isI prakAra vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke pUrva ke utsarpiNI kAla meM bhI 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA janma ho cukA thaa| yU0 pI0 zAha ne pUrva (atIta ) evaM pazcAtkAlIna ( bhaviSya ke ) utsarpiNI kAla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI alaga-alaga sUciyA~ dI haiM / 254 yaha sUciyA~ zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra haiN| (ka) pUrvakAlIna ( atIta ) sokaroM kI sUcI : krama saM0 zvetAmbara digambara kevalajJAnI nirvANa nirvANI sAgara sAgara mahAsAdhu mahAyazaha vimalaprabha vimala zrIdhara sarvAnubhUti sudata zrIdhara amalaprabha 7. ma
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________________ 108 / jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana uttara aMgirA sanmati 10. sindhu datta dAmodara sutejaH svAmi munisuvrata sumati zivagati stAga 14. kusumAJjali zivagaNa utsAha jJAnezvara paramezvara vimalezvara yazodhara nimizvara 17. anila yazodhara kRSNa kratArtha jinezvara Sudhamati zivAkaraha syandana samprati jJAnamati Sudhamati zrIbhadra atikrAnta zAnta 24. (kha) pazcAtakAlIna (bhaviSya ke) utsapiNI yuga ke 24 tIrthakara digambara krama saM0 zvetAmbara padmanAtha yA mahApadma sUradeva supArzva svayaMprabha sarvAnubhUti devazruta yA devagupta udaya yA udata peDhAla yA per3hAlaputra pottila zatakIrti munisuvrata sarvavid 12. amama mahApadma suradeva supAva svayaMprabha sarvAtmabhUta devaputra yA zrIdeva kulaputra udaMka proSThila jayakIrti munisuvrata aranAtha yA araha
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 109. niSkaSAya niSpAya yA apAya niSpulAka niSkaSAya nirmama vipula citragupta nirmala samAdhi citragupta samavara samAdhigupta yazodhara yA anivRtti svayambara yA svayaMbhU vijaya anivartI 21. mala yA vimala jayanAtha yA vijaya deva yA depopapAta vimala 23. anantavIrya devapAla 24. bhadra anantavIrya donoM hI paramparAoM meM rAjA zreNika ko bhAvI prathama tIrthaMkara mAnA gayA hai| pUrva, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya ke pazcAtkAlIna 72 tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA jaina mandiroM meM bhI pracalita rahI hai jisake mUrta udAharaNa kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A, khajurAho evaM devagar3ha jaise sthaloM para dekhe jA sakate haiN| sandarbha 1. samavAyAMgasUtra 18; paumacariya 1.1-2; 38-42 / 2. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 30 / 3. hastImala, jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaNDa-1, jayapura 1971, bhUmikA se uddhRta, pR0 46-47 / 4. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 30 / 5. sthAnAMga 4.3 / 6. hastImala, pU0 ni0, bhUmikA, pR0 44 / 7. vahIM, pR0 48 / 8. aThThasahassalakkhaNagharo"..""uttarAdhyayana 22.5 / 9. hastImala, pU0 ni0, apanI bAta se uddhRta, pR0 10 / 10. vahIM, pR0 11 / 11. tiloyapaNNatti 4.934-36, 937-39 / 12. kalpasUtra 2.184-203; samavAyAMgasUtra 157-158; bhagavatIsatra 20.8.. 58-59, 16, 5; paumacariya 1.1-7, 5.145-148 /
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________________ 110 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 13. isa grantha meM 19veM jina mallinAtha ko nArI rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| yaha paramparA kevala zvetAmbaroM meM hI mAnya hai, kyoMki digambara paramparA meM nArI ko kevalajJAna prApti kI adhikAriNo nahIM mAnA gayA hai, isI kAraNa mallinAtha ko nArI tIrthakara nahIM batAyA gayA hai / ema0 viNTaranitja, 'e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara, khaNDa-2, kalakattA 1933, pR0 447-48 / 14. kalpasUtra 1-183, 204-27 / "15. AdipurANa prAstAvika se uddhRta, pR0 3 / 16. Ara0 sI0 zarmA, 'ArTa DeTA ina rAyapaseNiya', saM0 pu. 50, aM0 9, pR0 38 / 17. paumacariya 11.2-3; 28.38-39; 33.89 / -18. RSabha sadaiva laTakatI kezAvali se zobhita hai (kalpasatra 195) / tIna udAharaNoM meM mUrti lekhoM meM 'RSabha' nAma bhI utkIrNa hai| 19. rAjya saMgrahAlaya, kalakattA-je 19; eka mUrti kA ullekha yU0 pI0 zAha ne bhI kiyA hai, saM0 pu0 10, aM0 9, pR0 6 / 20. rAjya saMgrahAlaya. lakhanaU-je0 20 / 21. rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU-je08 - 22. pArzva sapta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra se yukta haiM ( paumacariya 1.6 ) / 23. pIThikA lekhoM meM 'vardhamAna' nAma se yukta 6 mahAvIra mUrtiyAM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM saMkalita haiN| 24. bhagavatIsUtra 16.5; 20.8, 58-59 / 25. vahIM, pR0 83 / . 26. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 50.51; Ara0 pI0 candA, 'jaina rimensa aiTa rAjagira', A0 sa0 I0 ai0 ri0, 1925-26; pR0 125-26 / 27. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 38 - 28. tiloyapaNNatti 4.604-605 / 29. pravacanasAroddhAra 381-82 / - 30. isake pUrva kevala Avazyaka niyukti meM ho RSabha ke zarIra para vRSabha cihna kA ullekha hai-yU0 pI0 zAha, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina Aikano grAphI', saM0 pu0 50, aM0 9, pR0 6 / --31. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 84; mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 254-55; hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 567 /
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 111 32. zvetAmbara paramparA meM mallinAtha ko nArI tIrthakara batAyA gayA hai / 33. abhidhAnacintAmaNikoza 1.49; tiloyapaNNa tti 4.588-89 / 34. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 87 / 35. vahIM, pR0 88 / 36. vahIM, pR089 / 37. draSTavya hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 582 / 38. vahIM, pR 90 / 39. paumacariya 2.36, 5.60 / 40. harivaMzapurANa 9.212; 56.115-118 / 41. AdipurANa 23.25-73 / 42. nirvANa kalikA, pR0 23-24 / "43. pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.74-76 / 44. pratiSThAsAroddhAra 1.76-79, pR09| 45. aupapAtikasatra, sUtra 10 / 46. paumacariya 2.53 / 47. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 95 / "48. tiloyapaNNatti 4.550, khaNDa-1, pR0 210 / '49. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 1.35; AvazyakaniyuktigAthA 381 / 50. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 98 / 51. draSTavya, mArutinandana tivArI, khajurAho kA jaina purAtatva, pR0 92-94 / 52. harivaMzapurANa 8.58-74; AdipurANa 12.55, 101-19 / 53. vistAra se dikkumAriyoM ke liye draSTavya, yU0 pI0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIja', khaNDa-31, aM0 3, pR0 277-81, citra 1 / 54. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1, pR0 99 / 55. vahIM, pR0 99 / / 56. vahIM, pR0 99 / 57. jambUdvIpa prajJaptisUtra, sUtra 33; AdipurANa, parva 47 / 58. jIvAjovAbhigamasUtra, sUtra 139, pR0 232-233 / "59. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'jaina sTorIz2a ina sTona aiTa AbU aiNDa kumbhAriyA', jaina yuga jarnala, bambaI, sitambara 1959, navambara 1959 tathA janavarI 1960, mArutinandana tivArI, jena pratimAvijJAna, pR0 38 / 60. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana-1 pR0 80 /
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________________ 112 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 61. hIrAlAla jaina, 'bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna', pR0 11 ___ AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 13-14 / 62. paumacariya 1.1; 28.49; 4.4 / 63. jambadvIpaprajJapti 2.30 / 64. zivapurANa 4.47, 48 / 65. vahIM, puu06| 66. RSabha tvaM pavitrANAM yoginAM niSkalaH zivaH / 67. AdipurANa 25.100-217 / 68. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 15 / 69. karkadave vRSabhoyuktaAsId, avAvacIt sArathirasya kezI, (Rgveda 10.102, 6) / 70. horAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 17 / 71. vhiiN| 72. zrImadbhAgavata 1.3.13 ( hastImala, pR0 54) / 73. mArkaNDeyapurANa, adhyAya 50.39-40, pR0 58-59 / 74. karmapurANa, adhyAya 41.37-38 / 75. agnipurANa, adhyAya 10.10-11 / 76. vAyumahApurANa pUrvArdha, adhyAya 33.50-51 / 77. brahmANDapurANa pUrvArdha, anuSaDgapAda, adhyAya 14.59-60 / 78. vArAhapurANa, adhyAya 74 / 79. liMgapurANa, adhyAya 47.19-22 / 80. viSNupurANa,dvitIyAMza, adhyAya 1.27-28 / 81. skandapurANa, mAhezvara khaNDa ke kaumArakhaNDa, adhyAya 37.57 / 82. AdipurANa 12.3-6 / 83. AdipurANa 12.104-120; harivaMzapurANa 8.58-74; mahApurANa ( puSpadanta ) 58.5 / 84. kalpasUtra 3.31-46 / 85. AdipurANa 12.120, ( zve0 va di0 donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra inakA lAMchana bhI vRSabha hai)| 86. AdipurANa 12.161 / 87. AdipurANa 12.163 / 88. AdipurANa 13.2-3 / 89. trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.2, 264-65 /
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 113 90. AdipurANa 13.9-202, 14.53-55 / 91. yAvazyakaNi (jinadAsakRta ), pR0 151 / 92. AdipurANa 14.160-161; harivaMzapurANa 8.204.211 / 93. hastImala, pU0 ni0 pR0 15 / 94. Avazyaka niyuktigAthA 181; niyukti dIpikAgAthA 189 / 95. AdipurANa 15.50-70 / 96. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 16 / 97. AvazyakaniyuktigAthA, 191, pR0 193 / 98. AdipurANa 16.4-7; AdipurANa 16.131-146, 179-180 / 99. harivaMzapurANa 9.25-39 / 100. AdipurANa 16.181-182 / 101. AdipurANa 16.189.190 / 102. AdipurANa 16.183; harivaMzapurANa 9.25-39 / 103. AdipurANa 17.1-9 / 104. AdipurANa 17.10-28 / 105. AdipurANa 17.46-47, 72-74 / 106. AdipurANa 17.76-77, 94, 182-190, 194-201 / kezaloMca karate samaya indra ke kahane para vRSabhadeva ne kucha keza chor3a diye the jinakA ullekha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai / 107. kalpasUtra 195; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 3.60-70 / 108. mArutinandana tivArI, elimenTsa AMva jaina AikanogrAphI, pR0 24, 109. AdipurANa 18.1-2 / 110 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.6, 459-493 / 111. AdipurANa 18.73-75 / 112. AdipurANa 20.218-268 / 113. AdipurANa 20.269-70 / 114. AdipurANa 23.75 / 115. AdipurANa 24.15-29 / 116. AdipurANa 24.155-61 / 117. AdipurANa 25.287, 47.322-323 / 118. AdipurANa 47.338-342 / 119. AdipurANa 47.343-350 /
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________________ 114 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 120. AdipurANa 47.357-359 / 121. vistAra ke liye draSTavya, mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 86-95 / . 122. vahIM, pR0 92-95 / 123. uttarapurANa 48.18.20 / 124. puSpadanta ke mahApurANa va zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakI mAtA kA nAma vijayAdevI hai| 125. uttarapurANa 48.18-20 / 126. uttarapurANa 48.21:22; svapnoM ke sandarbha meM mukha meM praveza karate hue hAthI kA ullekha vRSabhadeva ko chor3akara anya sabhI ke sAtha hai / ajitanAtha kA lAMchana bhI zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAgoM ke anusAra gaja mAnA gayA hai / yU0 pI0 zAha, rUpamaNDana, pR084 / 127. uttarapurANa 48.25-27 / 128. harivaMzapurANa 7.23-25 / 129. harivaMzapurANa 7.45-46 / 130. uttarapurANa 48.32-39 / 131. tiloyapaNNatti meM pauSa zukla 14 kA ullekha hai| 132. uttarapurANa 48.40-42 / / 133. mahApurANa 38.22 / 134. uttarapurANa 48.51-53 / 135. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0ni0, pR0 96-97 / 136. tiloyapaNNatti ( gA0 526 se 549 ) tathA triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( 3.1, 103-111) meM inakI mAtA kA nAma senAdevI va pitA kA nAma jitAri hai| 137. uttarapurANa 49.14-19 / 138. hastImala, pU0 ni0, 50 69 / 139. uttarapurANa 49.26-57 / 140. uttarapurANa 50.16-22 / 141. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 72 / 142. uttarapurANa 50.26-66 / 143. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, 10 98-99 / 144. uttarapurANa 51.19-24 / 145. hastImala, pU0 ni /
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 115 246. uttarapurANa 51.55-85 / 147. uttarapurANa 51.87 / 148. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 99 / 149. uttarapurANa 52.18-27, 34 / 150. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 79 / 151. uttarapurANa 52.35.57 / 152. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 100 / 153. uttarapurANa 53.17-24 / 154. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 82 / 155. uttarapurANa 53.37-54 / 156. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 101-102 / 157. uttarapurANa 54.163.173 / 158. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 85 / 159. uttarapurANa 54.203-273 / 160. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 103-104 / 161. uttarapurANa 55.27 / 162. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 3.7.49-50 / 163. uttarapurANa 55.36-59 / 164. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 104 / 165. uttarapurANa 56.25-29 / 166. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 3.8.47 / 167. uttarapurANa 56.32-58 / 168. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 105 / 169. uttarapurANa 57.17-33 / 170. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.1.86 / 171. uttarapurANa 57.38-63 / 172. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 105 / 173. uttarapurANa 18.17.22 / 174. uttarapurANa 30-58; inake nirvANa tithi ke sambandha meM zvetAmbara va digambara donoM paramparAoM meM eka mata nahIM hai| hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 600 / 175. mArutinandana tivArI, pR0 ni0, pR0 106 / 176. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.3.48 /
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________________ 116 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 177. uttarapurANa 59.14-58 / 178. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 106-107 / 179. uttarapurANa 60.21-22 / 180. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.4.47 / 181. uttarapurANa 60.25-33 / 182. uttarapurANa 60.43-46 / 183. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 107 / 184. uttarapurANa 61.13-19 / 185. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.5.49; AvazyakacUNi (jinadAsagaNi kRta), pUrva bhAga, pR0 11 / 186. uttarapurANa 61.51-53 / 187. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 107 / 188. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 117 / 189. uttarapurANa 63.413-460 / 190. mArutinandana tivArI, 'anapablizDa imejeja oNva bharata cakravatI aiTa devagar3ha', ja0 I0 so0 o0 A0, khaNDa-12-13, 1981-83, 10 25-30 / 191. uttarapurANa 63. 478-486 / 192. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 108-112 / 193. uttarapurANa 64.12-24 / 194. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 119 / 195. uttarapurANa 64.26-53 / 196. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 112 / 197. uttarapurANa 65.14-22 / 198. uttarapurANa 65.24-34 / 199. uttarapurANa 35-50 / 200. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 113 / 201. uttarapurANa 66.19.34 / 202. nAyAdhammakahAo meM 19veM jina mallinAtha ko nArI rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yaha paramparA kevala zvetAmbaroM meM hI mAnya hai| ema. viNTaranitja, e hisTrI oNva iNDiyana liTrecara, khaNDa-2, kalakattA, 1933, pR0 447-48 / 203. hastImala, pU0ni0, pR0 126 /
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________________ tIrthakara (yA jina) : 117 204. uttarapurANa 66.27-53 / 205. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 114 / 206. uttarapurANa 67.20-28 / 207. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 134 / 208. uttarapurANa 67.31-57 / 209. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 114-15 / 210. uttarapurANa 69.18-31 / 211. hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 136 / 212. uttarapurANa 69.33.69 / 213. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 117 / 214. uttarapurANa 71.29.46 / 215. AvazyakacUNi, uttarAdha, pR0 11 / 216. uttarapurANa 71.129-143 / 17. uttarapurANa 71.146-157 / 218. uttarapurANa 71.158-181; 72.271-274 / 219. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni', pR0 117-122 / 220. eca0 jaikobI, jaina sUtraja, bhAga 2, sekreDa buksa Ava di IsTa, khaMDa-45, dillI, 1973, (pu0 mu0), pR0 119-29 / 221. vyAkhyAprajJapti 5.9.227 / 222. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 21 / 223. uttarapurANa 73.74-91 / 224. AvazyakaNi, uttara bhAga, pR0 11; triSapTizalAkApuruSacaritra 9.3.45 / 225. uttarapurANa 73.93-94 / 226. uttarapurANa 73.115-126 / 227. uttarapurANa 73.133-142 / 228. pArvAbhyudaya kAvya, saM0 ema0 jI0 koThArI. bambaI, 1965, sarga 4, zloka 45.48 / 229. pAsaNahacariya-saM0 praphullakumAra modI, vArANasI, 1965, sarga 14, zloka 4-30 / 230. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 9.3.241-295 / 231. uttarapurANa 73.143-159 / 232. uttarapurANa 73.169, hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 284 /
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________________ 118 : jena mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 233. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 125-130 / 234. vahIM, pR0 132-135 / pArzvanAtha imejeja ina 235. vistAra ke liye draSTavya, mArutinandana tivArI, elorA', arhat pArzvanAtha para varSa 87 mArca meM dillI meM bI0 ela0 insTIcyUTa oNva inDolAjI dvArA Ayojita rASTrIya saMgoSThI meM par3hA gayA lekha / 236. vahIM / 237. zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakI mAtA kA nAma trizalA hai, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10.2.17-20 / 238. vaizAlI Ajakala bihAra prAnta ke mujaphpharapura ( tirahula ) DivIjana meM 'vaniyA basAr3ha' ke nAma se prasiddha hai, hastImala, pU0 ni0, pR0 352 / 239. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 22-24 / 240. uttarapurANa 74.251-261 / 241. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10.2.88- 124 / 242. kalpasUtra, sUtra 103 / 243. uttarapurANa 74.288 - 295 zvetAmbara paramparA meM saMgamadeva dvArA eka hI rAta meM 20 upasarga upasthita karane kA ullekha hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10.4.184-281 / 244. uttarapurANa 74.296-309 / 245. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 24; hastobhala, pU0 ni0, pR0 358 / 146. uttarapurANa 74.305; hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 24 / 247. uttarapurANa 74.331-337 / 248. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10.3.17-33 // 249. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 10.3.217, 111-146 / 250. uttarapurANa 74.348-356 / 251. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 24 / 252. uttarapurANa 76.508-512 / 253. draSTavya, mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 136-44 // 254. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 101 /
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________________ caturtha adhyAya zalAkApuruSa mahApurANa (jinasena va guNabhadrakRta ) meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta anya 39 zalAkApuruSoM ke jIvana vRtta bhI varNita haiN| zalakApUruSoM kI abhivyakti kalA meM bhI huI hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina kalA meM kevala bharata cakravartI, balarAma-kRSNa evaM rAma kI hI mUrtiyA~ banIM jabaki pA~caveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM cakravartI zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha evaM aranAtha ( jo tIrthakara bhI haiM ) kI mUrtiyoM kI carcA tIrthaMkara se sambandhita pichale adhyAya meM kI jA cukI hai| cakravartI : jaina purANoM meM vartamAna avasarpiNI yuga ke 12 cakravatiyoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai jinameM bharata, sagara, madhavA, sanatkumAra, zAntinAtha, kunthu, ara, subhauma, padma, hariSeNa, jayasena tathA brahmadatta sammilita haiM / ina cakravartiyoM ke sambandha meM kucha bAteM vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| sabhI cakravartI kAzyapagotrI, svarNavarNa vAle tathA vizva vijetA rUpa meM ullikhita haiN| sabhI ke vakSaHsthala para jinoM ke samAna zrIvatsa kA cihna pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI cakravartiyoM kI mAtAe~ garbhadhAraNa karate samaya kucha zubha svapna dekhatI haiN| AdipurANa' va mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ) meM bharata cakravartI kI mAtA dvArA pA~ca tathA hemacandra ke anusAra 14 zubhasvapnoM ke dekhane kA ullekha hai| zvetAmbara va digambara donoM paramparAoM ke anusAra sabhI cakravatiyoM ko 14 ratna-cakra, daNDa, khaDga, chatra, carma, maNi, kAkiNi ( kaur3I), azva, gaja, senApati, gRhapati, zilpI, purohita aura strI tathA 9 nidhiyA~-naiyasarpa, pANDuka, piMgala, sarparatna, mahApadma, kAla, mahAkAla, mANava tathA zaMkha prApta hotI haiM / " jJAtavya hai ki cakravartI, vizeSataH bharata cakravartI kI svataMtra matiyoM meM paramparAnurUpa 14 ratnoM evaM 9 nidhiyoM kA aMkana huA hai| (1) bharata cakravartI : RSabhanAtha ke 100 putroM meM bharata jyeSTha putra aura prathama cakravartI
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________________ 120 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana the / inakI mAtA kA nAma yazasvatI thA / mAtA yazasvatI ne garbhadhAraNa se pUrva grasI huI pRthvI, sumeru parvata, candramA sahita sUrya, haMsa sahita sarovara tathA caMcala laharoM vAlA samudra svapna meM dekhA thaa| ina svapnoM kA phala RSabhadeva se jAnakara vaha atyanta harSita huIM aura nau mAsa vyatIta hone para caitra kRSNa navamI ke dina uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM puNyazAlo putra ko janma diyaa| vaha putra apanI donoM bhujAoM se pRthvI kA AliMgana kara utpanna haA thA isaliye nimittajJAniyoM ne usake samasta pRthvI kA adhipati arthAta cakravartI hone kI ghoSaNA kI aura samasta bharatakSetra ke adhipati hone vAle usa putra ko 'bharata' nAma diyaa| jaina purANoM ke anusAra inhIM ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhAratabhUmi yA bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| cakravartI samrATa bharata itane adhika prabhAvazAlI puNya-puruSa the ki jaina granthoM ke sAtha hI vaidika maMtroM, jainetara purANoM, upaniSadoM Adi meM bhI unakA ullekha milatA hai| bhAgavata meM bharata kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta hai| isameM ullekha hai ki mahAyogI bharata RSabhadeva ke sau putroM meM jyeSTha the aura unhIM se yaha deza 'bhArata' khlaayaa|9 bharata cakravartI ke hI nAma se isa deza kA nAma 'bhAratavarSa' par3A, isa bAta kI puSTi'mArkaNDeyapurANa' ( 50.39-41 ), kUrmapurANa (41.37-38 ), agnipurANa (10.10-11), vAyumahApurANa, pUrvArdha ( 33.50-52), brahmANDapurANa, pUrvArdha ( anuSaMDapAda 14.59-61), vArAhapurANa (74), liMgapurANa ( 47.19-23) tathA viSNupurANa dvitIyAMza ( 1.27-28) se bhI hotI hai|10 ___ samasta vidhi ko jAnane vAle RSabhadeva ne svayaM unakA annaprAzana, caula ( maNDana) aura upanayana ( yajJopavIta ) saMskAra kiyA thaa| bharata ke caraNoM meM cakra, chatra, khaDga, daNDa Adi caudaha ratnoM ke cihna bane the| unakA hastatala zaMkha, cakra, gadA, kUrma va mIna Adi zubha lakSaNoM se zobhAyamAna thA / 11 saMsAra ke prati virakta hone ke pazcAt tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne jyeSTha putra bharata ko sAmrAjya pada para AsIna kiyaa| RSabhadeva ko jaba kevalajJAna kI prApti huI tabhI bharata cakravartI ke AyudhazAlA meM cakraratna prakaTa huaa| sarvaprathama bharata ne hI RSabhadeva ke samavasaraNa meM jAkara unake caraNoM kI aura tadanantara vApasa Akara cakraratna kI pUjA kI aura usake sAtha digvijaya ke liye prasthAna kiyA / 12
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 121 bharata cakravartI ne sarvaprathama pUrva meM vyantara devoM ke adhipati mAgadha deva aura taduparAnta aGga, baMga, kaliMga, magadha, kuru, avantI, pAMcAla, kAzI, kauzala, vaidarbha, madra, kaccha, cedi, vatsa, suhya, puNDra, auNDra, gaur3a, dazArNa, kAmarUpa, kazmIra, uzInara va madhyadeza ke rAjAoM ko jItakara apane adhIna kiyA / dakSiNa meM usane trikaliMga, odra, kaccha, prAtara, kerala, cera, punnAga, kUTa, olika, mahiSa, karmakura, pANDya va antarapANDya ke rAjAoM ko apane adhIna kiyA / isI prakAra pazcima ke sabhI rAjyoM ko jItane ke bAda bharata ne uttara meM vijayArdhaparvata ke svAmI vijayArdha nAmaka deva tathA aneka mleccha rAjAoM ko adhIna karane ke pazcAt himavatkUTa para nivAsa karane vAle deva ko bhI apane adhIna kara liyA / 13 isa prakAra cakravartI bharata ne himavAna parvata se lekara pUrva dizA ke samudra taka aura dakSiNa samudra se lekara pazcima samudra taka samasta pRthvI ko vaza meM karane ke bAda vRSabhAcala kI zilApaTTa para apane digvijaya ke sandarbha meM svayaM prazasti likhI / 14 digvijaya ke pazcAt bharata cakravartI ayodhyA Ane ko tatpara hue| nagara ke praveza-dvAra para unake cakraratna ke ruka jAne tathA maMtriyoM dvArA usakA kAraNa pUchane para jaba unheM apane bhAIyoM, vizeSarUpa se bAhubalI ke praNAma hetu na Ane va unake mana ke IrSyA tathA dveSapUrNa bhAvanAoM ke bAre meM patA calA to bharata aura bAhubalI ke bIca yuddha avazyambhAvI ho gayA / kintu buddhimAna maMtriyoM ne bhAI-bhAI ke isa yuddha meM vyartha ho senA ke saMhAra ko rokane ke uddezya se unake liye tIna prakAra " ke yuddha-netrayuddha, jalayuddha tathA mallayuddha nizcita kiye| tInoM hI yuddhoM meM bAhubalI ko vijayI hotA dekha kupita bharata ne una para cakraratna calA diyA / bharata ke isa vyavahAra se bAhubalI ko bahuta duHkha huA aura isa saMsAra se virakta ho unhoMne dIkSA le lI / cakravartI bharata ke causaTha lakSaNoM, caudaha ratnoM va nau nidhiyoM kA ullekha AdipurANa meM milatA hai / 16 isameM bharata cakravartI dvArA brAhmaNa varNa kI sRSTi kA bhI ullekha huA hai / 17 RSabhadeva ke mokSa prApta kara lene ke bAda zokAkula bharata ko RSabhadeva ke gaNadhara vRSabhasena dvArA isa nazvara saMsAra va pUrvabhavoM ke bAre meM batalAye jAne para tathA eka dina darpaNa meM svayaM ke zveta keza dekhakara saMsAra se virakti ho gayI /
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________________ 122 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra kisI dina darpaNa meM apane ko AbhaSaNa rahita dekhakara va sundaratA ko kSaNika jAnakara bharata ko isa nazvara saMsAra se virakti huI / 18 usI samaya bharata ko AtmajJAna va kevalajJAna prApta huA / taduparAnta aneka dezoM meM dharma kA upadeza dete hue vihAra karane ke bAda unheM mokSa prApta huaa| jaina paramparA meM tyAga aura sAdhanA ko hI adhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| isI kAraNa bharata kI cakravartI rUpa meM pUjA nahIM kI gayI kintu jaba unhoMne saMsAra tyAga kara dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kaThina sAdhanA dvArA kaivalya aura anta meM mokSa pada prApta kiyA, usa avasthA meM bharata pUjya yA upAsya ho gye| bharata ke anuja bAhubalI kI vibhinna digambara sthaloM para paryApta saMkhyA meM svataMtra mUrtiyA~ banIM kintu bharata kI devagar3ha ke atirikta anya kisI sthala para koI mati nahIM ukerI gyii| elorA meM bhI jahA~ bAhubalI kI kisI bhI kSetra se prApta mUrtiyoM kI tulanA meM adhika mUrtiyA~ banIM vahIM bharata kI eka bhI mUrti utkIrNa nahIM hai / pazcima bhArata ke kuMbhAriyA aura delavAr3A jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM para RSabhanAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM ke sandarbha meM bharata-bAhubalI ke bIca yuddha se saMbaMdhita kathA prasaMga ko bhI dikhalAyA gayA hai| devagar3ha se bharata kI 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 kI pA~ca mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jo mandira saM0 1, 2 aura 12 meM haiM ( citra 30) / sabhI udAharaNoM meM bharata kAyotsargamudrA meM nirvastra aura tapasyArata haiM / vakSaHsthala para zrIvatsa cihna se yukta bharata kI mUrtiyoM meM jina mUrtiyoM ke trichatra ke sthAna para eka chatra utkIrNa hai tathA kUcha meM prabhAmaNDala, cAmaradhArI sevaka, mAlAdhArIgandharva, dundubhivAdaka jaise prAtihArtha bhI dikhAye gaye haiN| ye lakSaNa bharata ke tIrthaMkara ke samAna pratiSThAparaka sthiti ke paricAyaka haiN| ina udAharaNoM meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bharata ke samIpa hI navanidhi ke sUcaka navaghaToM evaM daNDa, chatra, cakra, kAkiNI ( kaur3o ), gRhapati ( halayukta ), senApati ( vajra yukta ), purohita, chatrayukta azva, gaja evaM strI jaise ratnoM kA dikhAyA jAnA hai| navaghaToM ke Upara nidhipati kubera kI AkRti banI hai jinake eka hAtha meM dhana kA thailA hai / 19 (2) sagara cakravatI : inakA janma ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA samudravijaya ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma subAlA thaa| ye sabhI lakSaNoM se
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 1230 paripUrNa tathA suvarNa ke samAna kAnti vAle the | 20 inhoMne bhI cirakAla taka digvijaya kiyaa| unake guNavAna sATha hajAra putra the / eka dina ina putroM ne apane yogya sAhasapUrNa kArya mA~gA / bahuta vicAra karane ke bAda sagara cakravartI ne apane putroM ko kailAsa parvata para bharata cakravartI dvArA banavAye gaye arahantadeva ke caubIsa maMdiroM ke cAroM ora gaMgA nadI ko parikhA rUpa meM banA dene kA kArya sauNpaa| isa kArya ko pUrNa karane ke liye jaba inake putra kailAsa parvata para gaye hue the, tabhI maNiketu nAmaka deva ne jo sagara ko sAMsArika bhogoM se vimukha karanA cAhatA thA, eka duSTa nAga kA rUpa dhara kara inheM bhasma kara diyA / jaba sagara ko apane putroM kI mRtyu kA samAcAra milA to atyanta zokAkula ho unheM isa nazvara saMsAra se virakti ho gayI aura bhagIratha ko rAjya sauMpa kara unhoMne dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI aura vidhi tapazcaraNa karate hue mokSa prApta kiyA / 21 bhagIratha aura gaMgA kA prasaMga spaSTataH brAhmaNa paramparA ke gaMgAvataraNa prasaMga se sambandhita hai / sagara kI elorA yA anya kisI . sthala se koI mUrti nahIM milI hai / (3) maghavA cakravartI : tIsare cakravartI maghavA kA janma dharmanAtha tIrthakara ke tIrtha meM ayodhyApurI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA sumitra ke yahA~ huA thA / mAtA kA nAma bhadrArAMnI thaa| manuSya, vidyAghara va indra inake caraNoM meM natamastaka hote the / eka dina akasmAt abhayaghoSa nAmaka kevalI manohara nAmaka udyAna meM pdhaare| unase dharma ke svarUpa va tattvoM kA jJAna hone para maghavA ko isa saMsAra se virakti ho gayI / phalasvarUpa priyamitra nAmaka putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara inhoMne dIkSA dhAraNa kI ora kevalajJAna tathA mokSa prApta kiyA / 22 ( 4 ) sanatkumAra cakravartI : cauthe cakravartI sanatkumAra kA janma ayodhyA adhipati sUryavaMzI rAjA anantavIrya kI rAnI sahadevI ke garbha se huA thA / inhoMne bhI samasta pRthvI ko apane adhIna kara rakhA thA / sanatkumAra suvarNa ke samAna kAntivAle aura atyanta rUpavAna the / inake rUpa ke sambandha meM kathA hai ki- eka bAra saudharma indra kI sabhA meM inake rUpa kI carcA huI / phalasvarUpa kautuhalavaza inake rUpa ko dekhane ke liye deva pRthvI para Aye aura harSita hue| sAtha hI una devoM ne sanatkumAra ko isa sasAra ke.
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________________ 124 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana roga, bur3hApA, duHkha tathA maraNa kA smaraNa dilA unake rUpa kI prazaMsA kii| usI samaya inheM isa nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti utpanna ho gayI aura ve dIkSita ho gye| tatpazcAt kaThora tapazcaraNa karate hue unheM kevalajJAna aura anta meM mokSa prApta huaa|23 pA~caveM cakravartI zAMtinAtha, chaThe cakravartI kunthunAtha va sAtaveM cakravartI aranAtha eka hI bhava meM tIrthaMkara va cakravartI donoM hue jinakA ullekha pichale adhyAya meM tIrthaMkara ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai| ( 8 ) subhauma cakravartI : ____ AThaveM cakravartI subhauma kA janma aranAtha tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM ayodhyA nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA sahasrabAhu ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma citramatI thA / bAlaka pRthvI ko chakara utpanna huA thA, isIliye citramatI ke bar3e bhAI zANDilya muni ne usakA nAma 'subhauma' rakhA / 24 ye bhI anya cakravartiyoM kI taraha cakra Adi zubha lakSaNoM, caudaha ratnoM va nau nidhiyoM se zobhita the| subhauma cakravartI ne apane pitA kA vadha karane vAle usa parazurAma kA vadha kiyA thA jisane ikkIsa bAra pRthvI se kSatriya vaMza ko nirmUla naSTa kiyA thaa|25 eka bAra kisI nimittajJAnI se apanA zatru utpanna huA jAnakara parazurAma ne zatru ko jA~cane ke uddezya se bhojana karAne ke liye eka dAnazAlA khulavAyI aura apane sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki jo bhI bhojanAbhilASI yahA~ para Aye, use pAtra meM rakhe mRta rAjAoM ke ekatrita dA~ta dikhalAkara hI bhojana karavAyA jaaye| eka dina subhauma bhI unakI dAnazAlA meM AyA aura dA~toM ko zAli cAvaloM ke bhAta meM badala diyaa| kruddha ho parazurAma ne unase yuddha kI taiyArI kI kintu unakI senA subhauma ke Age na Thahara skii| usI samaya cakraratna bhI pAsa hI prakaTa ho gayA jisase subhauma ne parazurAma kA vadha kara diyA / 26 yaha kathA brAhmaNa paramparA ke parazurAma prasaMga kA jaina rUpAntaraNa jAna par3atI hai| subhauma cakravartI ko anya cakravartiyoM ke samAna mokSa nahIM prApta huaa|27 (9) padama cakravartI : 12 cakravatiyoM meM padma nauveM cakravartI haiM / inakA janma bharata kSetra meM kAzI ke vArANasI nAmaka nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA padnAbha ke yahA~
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 121 huA thaa| ye padma Adi samasta lakSaNoM se yukta the| inhoMne parAkrama se cakravartI pada prApta kara cirakAla taka dasa prakAra ke bhogoM kA upabhoga kiyaa| eka dina AkAza meM sundara bAdala ko dekha vaha atyanta harSita hue, kintu sahasA usako naSTa hotA dekha unheM isa nazvara saMsAra ke prati virakti ho gayI aura unhoMne apane putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara samAdhigupta nAmaka jinarAja ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA grahaNa kI aura kevalajJAna tathA mokSa prApta kiyA / 28 (10) hariSeNa cakravartI : dasaveM cakravartI hariSeNa kA janma muni suvratanAtha ke tIrtha meM bhogapura nAmaka nagara ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA padmanAbha ke yahA~ huA thaa| inake pitA ne rAjasIvRtti chor3a kara saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| jisa dina unheM kevalajJAna utpanna huA usI dina rAjA hariSeNa kI AyudhazAlA meM cakra, chatra, khaDga aura daNDa ye cAra ratna prakaTa hue| tatpazcAt zrIgaha meM kAkiNI, carma aura maNi ye tIna ratna prakaTa hue| cakraratna kI pUjA kara jaba vaha digvijaya ke liye prasthAna karane ko hue usI samaya purohita, gRhapati, sthapati aura senApati ye cAra ratna prakaTa hue tathA vidyAdhara vijayArdha parvata se gaja, azva aura kanyA ratna lekara aaye| isI prakAra gaNabaddha nAmaka deva unake liye nadI mukhoM se nau nidhiyA~ le Aye / isa prakAra chaha prakAra kI senAoM ke sAtha digvijaya ko prasthAna kara, deva, manuSya tathA vidyAdhara rAjAoM dvArA sevita ho cirakAla taka inhoMne dasa prakAra ke bhogoM kA upabhoga kiyaa| eka dina jaba vaha apanI mahala kI chata para baiThe hue the usI samaya candragrahaNa dekhakara inheM virakti ho gayI aura apane putra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara zrInAga nAmaka munirAja ke pAsa jAkara saMyama dhAraNa kara liyaa| aneka prakAra kI RddhiyoM ko prApta kara ye sarvArthasiddhi meM ahamindra hue|29 (11) jayasena cakravartI : jayasena gyArahaveM cakravartI the| inakA janma 21veM tIrthaMkara 'naminAtha' ke tIrtha meM kauzAmbI nagarI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA 'vijaya' ke yahA~ huA thA inakI mAtA kA nAma prabhAkarI thaa| jayasena cakravartI sarvalakSaNoM se yukta, suvarNa ke samAna kAnti vAle va caudaha ratnoM aura . nidhiyoM ke svAmI the|
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________________ * 126 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana vibhinna prakAra ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karate hue unakA samaya sukha se vyatIta ho rahA thA ki eka dina rAjamahala kI chata se ulakApAta dekhakara unheM saMsAra ke prati virakti ho gayI tatpazcAt apane putra ko rAjya sauMpa kara unhoMne rAjAoM ke sAtha saMyama dhAraNa kara liyaa| kucha hI samaya meM zruta, buddhi, tapa, vikriyA, auSadha aura cAraNa RddhiyoM se vibhUSita ho inhoMne sammedazikhara para sanyAsa dhAraNa kiyA / anta meM ye jayanta nAmaka anuttara vimAna meM jayasena ahamindra hue / 20 (12) brahmadatta cakravartI : jaina paramparA ke bArahaveM tathA antima cakravartI brahmadatta kA janma ... neminAtha tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma brahmA tathA mAtA kA nAma cUr3AdevI thA / inakA zarIra sAta dhanuSa U~cA thA tathA * Ayu sAta sau varSa thI / 31 9 balabhadra yA baladeva : zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vAsudeva kA eka sautelA bhAI hotA hai jo baladeva nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| inakI saMkhyA nau hotI hai / ye vAsudeva ke parAkrama se sadA jur3e rahate haiM / inheM vAsudevoM se uttama darazAyA gayA hai / ina nau baladevoM meM se prArambha ke ATha baladeva mokSa tathA narve svarga ko prApta karate haiM, jabaki sabhI vAsudeva mRtyu ke bAda kisI na kisI naraka meM jAte haiM / digambara paramparA ke nau baladevoM ke nAma kramazaH vijaya, acala, sudharma, suprabha, sudarzana, nandi, nandimitra, rAma va padma haiM / 33 jainadharma ke donoM paramparAoM meM nau baladevoM ko nIla vastra va tAlavRkSa aMkita dhvajA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA batalAyA gayA hai / 14 zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra ye hala, musala, dhanuSa aura bANa dhAraNa karane vAle 35 tathA digambara paramparA ke anusAra gadA, ratnamAlA, musala va hala ina cAra ratnoM ke svAmI batalAye gaye haiM / sabhI balabhadra zveta varNaM hote haiM / 37 tiloyapaNNatti meM hala, musala, ratha aura ratnamAlA kA inake AyudhoM ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai / 36 baladevoM ke lakSaNa spaSTataH brAhmaNa paramparA ke saMkarSaNa balarAma ( tAlavRkSa, hala, musala ) se grahaNa kiye gaye haiM jinheM AdizeSa kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai / baladevoM ke do karoM meM dhanuSa aura bANa kA aMkana brAhmaNa paramparA ke rAma se sambandhita : jAna par3atA hai /
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 127 2 nArAyaNa yA vAsudeva : donoM hI paramparAoM meM 9 nArAyaNa athavA vAsudeva kA ullekha milatA hai| prArambhika Agama granthoM meM bhI vAsudeva va baladeva kA ullekha huA hai / pRthvI ke tIna khaNDoM para vijaya karane tathA cakravartiyoM ke Adhe adhikAra kA upabhoga karane ke kAraNa inheM ardhacakravartI bhI kahA gayA hai / 5 samavAyAMgasUtra meM 9 vAsudevoM ( yA nArAyaNoM) kI jo sUcI 'milatI hai use hI kAlAntara meM donoM paramparAoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA / 9 vAsudevoM ke nAma kramazaH-tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayambhU, puruSottama, puruSasiMha, puruSapuNDarIka, datta, nArAyaNa ( lakSmaNa ) aura kRSNa haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM meM vAsudeva kA ullekha nIla yA kRSNa varNa tathA pIta vastra dhAraNa karane vAle ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| inheM garuDa cihnAMkita dhvajA ko dhAraNa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA42 ke anusAra-zaMkha (pAJcajanya ), cakra ( sudarzana ), gadA ( kaumudakI), dhanuSa ( zAGga), nandaka ( khaDga ), kaustubha maNi aura vanamAlA tathA digambara paramparA ke anusAra asi, zaMkha, dhanuSa, cakra, zakti, daNDa tathA gadA vAsudeva ( yA nArAyaNa ) ke sAta ratna mAne gaye haiN| uparyukta lakSaNa spaSTataH brAhmaNa paramparA ke kRSNa kA prabhAva darazAte haiM jinheM na kevala neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM varan vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI ke jaina mandiroM meM svatantra rUpa se bhI zilpAMkita kiyA gayA / ___ AThaveM vAsudeva ko chor3akara anya sabhI kA janma gautama gotra meM mAnA gayA hai / jaina paramparA meM mRtyu ke uparAnta sabhI vAsudeva naraka ko prApta hote haiM jabaki baladeva ko mokSa prApta hotA hai| yaha vicAradhArA hindU paramparA kI parikalpanA ke sarvathA viparIta hai|43 jaina paramparA ke vAsudeva, baladeva aura prati vAsudeva kA astitva kisI na kisI rUpa meM brAhmaNa devakula meM thA jise parivartita kara tathA eka nayI pRSThabhUmi dekara jaina purANoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA / 44 9. pratinArAyaNa yA prativAsudeva : 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke antargata Arambha meM 9 prativAsudevoM, ( vAsudeva ke zatru ) ko sammilita nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| zIlAMkakRta cauppanna mahApurisacariyaM, jambUdvIpaprajJapti5 , sthAnAMgasUtra46 aura Avazyakaniyukti meM 63 ke sthAna para kevala 54 zalAkApuruSoM kA hI ullekha
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________________ I: kalAparaka adhyayana huA hai|47 isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM 9 prativAsudevoM ko zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM bAda meM sammilita kiyA gayA / 48 donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM prativAsudevoM kI sUcI samAna hai jisameM azvagrIva, tAraka, meraka, madhukaiTabha, nizumbha, bali, prahlAda, rAvaNa aura jarAsandha ke nAmollekha haiM / 49 uttarapurANa meM inake nAmoM meM kiMcit parivartana milatA hai jisameM azvagrIva, tAraka, madhu, madhusudana, madhukrIr3a, nizumbha, balIndra, rAvaNa va jarAsandha kA ullekha huA hai|50 Arambhika ATha prativAsudevoM ko vidyAdhara evaM nauveM ko pRthvI kA manuSya batAyA gatA hai|51 sabhI prativAsudeva apane usa cakra se mAre gaye jise unhoMne vAsudeva ko mArane ke uddezya se pheMkA thA / 52 ___ brAhmaNa purANoM meM ina prativAsudevoM kA ullekha rAkSasa athavA asura rUpa meM milatA hai| isameM tAraka, kumAra athavA kAttikeya dvArA mArA gyaa| madhu, bali, rAvaNa athavA jarAsandha devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke pratidvandvI the jo sadaiva viSNu ke vibhinna avatAra svarUpoM yathA rAma, kRSNa, viSNa aura vAmana dvArA mAre gye| jaina paramparA meM prahlAda kA ullekha vAsudeva ke zatru ke rUpa meM huA hai jabaki brAhmaNa paramparA meM unheM eka mahAna santa aura bhAgavata sampradAya ke prathama upAsaka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 53 jaina mandiroM meM baladevoM athavA vAsudevoM kI pratimAoM ke pUjana kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM unake jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA aMkana upalabdha hai|54 yahA~ 9 balabhadroM, nArAyaNoM evaM pratinArAyaNoM kA eka sAtha kucha vistAra se ullekha bhI apekSita hai : 1. vijaya, tripRSTha aura azvagrova : vijaya, tripRSTha ora azvagrIva jaina paramparA ke prathama balabhadra ( yA baladeva ), nArAyaNa (yA vAsUdeva) aura pratinArAyaNa (yA prativAsUdeva) haiM jo gyArahaveM tIrthaMkara 'zreyAMsanAtha' ke samakAlIna the| inake pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha jaina purANoM meM milatA hai| saMkSepa meM inakA jIvanavRtta nimna prakAra hai prathama balabhadra 'vijaya' kA janma bharatakSetra ke podanapura nAmaka nagara ke rAjA prajApati kI jayAvatI nAmaka mahArAnI ke garbha se huA thaa|
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 129 inhIM kI dUsarI mahArAnI mRgAvatI ke garbha se prathama nArAyaNa va ardhacakrI 'tripRSTha' kA janma huA thA / 55 tripRSTha ko janma dene se pUrva mRgAvatI ne kucha zubha svapna bhI dekhe the / 56 balabhadra vijaya kA zarIra zaMkha ke samAna sapheda tathA tripRSTha kA indra nIlamaNi ke samAna nIlA thaa| vijaya ke gadA, ratnamAlA, musala aura hala tathA tripRSTha ke dhanuSa, zaMkha, cakra, daNDa, asi, zakti aura gadA kramazaH cAra aura sAta ratna the|57 ve donoM hI solaha hajAra mukuTabaddha rAjAoM, vidyAdharoM evaM vyantara devoM ke Adhipatya ko prApta hue the| ___ azvagrIva inakA zatru thaa| isakA janma vijayAdha parvata kI uttarazreNI kI alakA nagarI ke svAmI mayUragrIva ke yahA~ huA thaa| 'tripRSTha' nArAyaNa ne azvagnIva kA vadha kiyA aura phalasvarUpa sAtaveM naraka ko prApta hae / isI prakAra 'azvagrIva' pratinArAyaNa bhI sAtaveM naraka gyaa| tripaSTha kI mRtyu se duHkhI hokara balabhadra vijaya ne sUvarNakumbha nAmaka yogirAja ke pAsa saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA aura anta meM paramAtma avasthA ko prApta hue|58 2. acala, dvipRSTha aura tAraka : acala, dvipRSTha aura tAraka jaina paramparA ke kramazaH dUsare balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa haiM / balabhadra, 'acala' kA janma bharatakSetra kI dvArAvatI nagarI ke rAjA brahma ke subhadrA nAmaka mahArAnI ke garbha se huA thaa| inhIM kI dUsarI rAnI uSA se 'dvipRSTha' nAmaka putra kA janma huaa| ina donoM bhAIyoM kA varNa kramazaH kunda puSpa aura indranIlamaNi ke samAna thaa| ye donoM bArahaveM tIrthaMkara vAsupUjya ke samakAlIna the| isI samaya bharatakSetra ke bhogavardhana nAmaka rAjA ke yahA~ tAraka nAmaka putra huaa| apane cakra ke bhaya se usane samasta vidyAdhara aura bhUmigocariyoM ko apanA dAsa banA rakhA thaa| zyAmavarNa vAlA tAraka sadaiva zatruoM ko DhaMDhatA rahatA thA aura akhaNDa tIna khaNDoM kA svAmitva dhAraNa karatA thaa| vaha dvipRSTha nArAyaNa aura acala balabhadra kI vRddhi ko sahana nahIM kara sakA aura una donoM ko apanA zatru mAna, unheM naSTa karane ke uddezya se unake pAsa eka dUta bhejA aura kahalavAyA ki unake pAsa jo prasiddha grantha hastI hai ve use de deN| phalasvarUpa tInoM ke madhya yuddha huaa| cirakAla taka yuddha karane ke bAda bhI dvipaSTha ke aparAjeya rahane para usane apane cakra ko una para pheMkA jo unakI pradakSiNA kara
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________________ 130 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana dAhinI bhujA para sthira ho gyaa| usI cakra se dvipRSTha ne tAraka kA vadha kiyA aura sAta uttama ratnoM aura tIna khaNDa pRthvI kA svAmI bana gyaa| mRtyu ke bAda dvipRSTha sAtaveM naraka gayA aura balabhadra ne 'acala' saMyama dhAraNa kara mokSa pada prApta kiyaa|59 3. dharma, svayambhU aura madhu : uttarapurANa meM 'dharma' kA tIsare balabhadra 'svayambhU' kA tIsare nArAyaNa aura 'madha' kA tIsare pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| 'dharma' balabhadra aura 'svayambhU' nArAyaNa kA janma bharatakSetra kI dvArAvatI nAmaka nagarI ke rAjA bhadra kI rAnI subhadrA va pRthivI se huA thaa| inhIM ke samaya inake zatru madhu kA janma ratnapura nAmaka nagara meM huaa| pichale janma meM isane suketu nAmaka rAjA kA, jo bAda meM svayambhU nArAyaNa hue, rAjya dyUta meM jIta liyA thaa| ataH pUrva vaira ke kAraNa svayambhU madhu kA nAma sunate hI krodhita ho jAtA thaa| eka dina kisI rAjA ne jaba madhu ke liye bheMTa bhejI to svayambhU ne unake dUtoM ko mArakara use chIna liyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa madhu ke sAtha dharma aura svayambhU kA yuddha huA / anta meM kupita hokara jaba madhu ne svayambhU para apanA cakra pheMkA to vaha unakI pradakSiNA kara unakI dAhinI bhujA ke agna bhAga para Thahara gyaa| kruddha ho svayambhU ne usI cakra se madhu kA vadha kara diyaa| bhArI pApa kA saMyama karane ke kAraNa anta meM madhu sAtaveM naraka meM aura nArAyaNa svayambhU bhI pUrva baira ke saMskAra ke phalasvarUpa pApa kA saMcaya karane ke kAraNa mRtyu ke uparAnta sAtaveM naraka meM praviSTa hue| balabhadra dharma ne bhAI ke viyoga se zokasaMtapta ho vimalanAtha ke pAsa jAkara saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA aura anta meM mokSa pada prApta kiyaa|60 4. suprabha, puruSottama evaM madhusUdana : 'suprabha', 'puruSottama' va 'madhusUdana' jaina paramparA ke cauthe balabhadra, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa haiM jo caudahaveM tIrthaMkara anantanAtha ke samakAlIna the| balabhadra suprabha va nArAyaNa puruSottama kA janma bharatakSetra kI dvAravatI nAmaka nagarI ke rAjA somaprabha ke yahA~ huA thaa| inako mAtA kA nAma kramazaH jayavantI va sItA thaa| suprabha zukla aura puruSottama kRSNa kAnti ke dhAraka the / " madhusUdana kAzI ke vArANasI nagarI kA rAjA thaa| usakA bala va parAkrama prasiddha thaa| eka bAra nArada ne
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 131 usake sAmane suprabha va puruSottama ke vaibhava aura bala kA varNana kiyA jisase kupita ho usane unake pAsa khabara bhejI ki ve usake liye gaja va ratna Adi kara ke rUpa meM bhejeM / 62 phalasvarUpa balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa madhusUdana ke madhya yuddha huaa| isa yuddha meM anta meM madhusUdana dvArA pheMke gaye cakra se hI nArAyaNa puruSottama ne usakA vadha kara diyaa|63 5. sudarzana, puruSasiMha va madhukroDa : __ jaina paramparA meM sudarzana, puruSasiMha va madhukrIDa kA ullekha kramazaH pA~caveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM AtA hai jo pandrahaveM tIrthaMkara dharmanAtha ke samakAlIna the / sudarzana aura puruSasiMha kA janma khagapura nagara ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA siMhasena ke yahA~ huA thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma kramazaH vijayA va ambikA thaa| isI samaya inakA zatru madhukrID64 huA jo hastinApura nAmaka nagara kA rAjA thaa| sudarzana aura puruSasiMha ke bar3hate hue teja ko na saha sakane ke kAraNa madhukrIr3a ne apane pradhAnamaMtrI ko unase kara svarUpa zreSTha ratna mAMgane ke lie bhejA jisake phalasvarUpa donoM ke madhya yuddha huA aura anta meM madhukrID dvArA calAye gaye cakra se hI nArAyaNa puruSasiMha ne usakA sira kATa DAlA / cirakAla taka donoM bhAiyoM ne tIna khaNDa pathvI ke rAjyalakSmI kA upabhoga kiyaa| Ayu kA anta hone para nArAyaNa puruSasiMha ne sAtaveM naraka aura balabhadra sudarzana ne dharmanAtha ke pAsa dIkSA lekara mokSa prApta kiyaa|65 6. nandiSeNa, puNDarIka aura nizumbha : uttarapurANa meM nandiSeNa, puNDarIka aura nizumbha kA ullekha kramazaH chaThe balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa ke rUpa meM huA hai / inakA janma aTrArahaveM tIrthaMkara aranAtha ke tIrtha meM huA thA / nandiSeNa aura puNDarIka kA janma cakrapura nagara ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA varasena kI vaijayantI aura lakSmImatI rAnI se huA thaa| isI samaya nizumbha66 inakA zatru huA jo cakrapura kA tejasvI rAjA thA / indrapura ke rAjA upendrasena ne jaba apanI padmAvatI nAmaka kanyA ko puNDarIka ke vivAha ke liye pradAna kiyA to kupita ho nizumbha ne apanI senA ke sAtha puNDarIka para AkramaNa kara diyaa| cirakAla taka yuddha ke bAda anta meM nArAyaNa puNDarIka ne usake hI dvArA calAye gaye
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________________ 132 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana , cakra se usakA vadha kara diyA / Ayu ke anta meM atyanta Asakti ke kAraNa puNDarIka ne sAtaveM naraka ko aura balabhadra nandiSeNa ne unake viyoga meM saMsAra se virakta ho aura saMyama dhAraNa kara mokSa prApta kiyA / 67 7. nandimitra, datta aura balIndra : sAtaveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa va pratinArAyaNa kA janma 19veM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha ke tIrtha meM huA thaa| balabhadra 'nandimitra' aura nArAyaNa 'datta' vArANasI ke ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjA agnizikha kI aparAjitA aura kezavatI ke garbha se utpanna hue the| candramA aura indranIla maNi ke samAna varNa vAle ye donoM hI tIna khaNDa pRthvI ke svAmI the| isI samaya inakA zatru pratinArAyaNa 'balIndra' huA jo vijayA parvata para sthita mandarapura nAmaka nagara kA vidyAdhara rAjA thaa| yaha pUrva janma meM bhI inakA vAtru thaa| eka dina yuddha karane kI icchA se ahaMkAravaza isane apane eka dUta ko inake pAsa bheja kara prasiddha gandhagaja mNgvaayaa| kupita ho badale meM nandimitra aura datta ne apane lie usakI kanyA mA~gI / phalasvarUpa donoM ke bIca yuddha huA aura anta meM balIndra dvArA calAye gaye cakra se hI nArAyaNa datta ne usakA vadha kara diyaa| cirakAla taka rAjyalakSmI kA sukha bhogane ke bAda mRtyu ke uparAnta datta ne sAtaveM naraka ko aura bhAI ke viyoga se virakta nandimitra ne kevalI hokara mokSa prApta kiyaa|69 / 8. rAma ( padma ), lakSmaNa ( nArAyaNa ) aura rAvaNa : ____ AThaveM balabhadra 'rAma', nArAyaNa 'lakSmaNa' tathA pratinArAyaNa 'rAvaNa' bIsaveM tIrthaMkara munisuvrata ke samakAlIna the|70 prArambha se hI jana-bhAvanA ke prati sammAna kI vRtti rahane ke kAraNa jaina AcAryoM ne hindU dharma ke devatAoM ko jaina devakula meM audAryapUrvaka praveza dekara mahanIya kArya kiyA hai / rAma janamAnasa se jur3e sarvAdhika lokapriya devatA rahe haiM jinakA vistRta ullekha vAlmIki ke rAmAyaNa meM milatA hai| jaina paramparA meM rAma kA prArambhika aura vistRta ullekha nAgendu kula ke ( zvetAmbara ) vimalasUrikRta paumacariya ( 473 I0 ) meM milatA hai / 71 paumacariya ke pazcAt jaina paramparA meM rAma kathA para AdhArita jina svatantra granthoM kI racanA kI gayI unameM saMghadAsa kRta vasudevahiNDI (609 I0), raviSeNakRta padmapurANa (678 I0 ), zIlAMkakRta cauppannamahApurisacariyaM
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 133 (la0 8vIM zatI I0), guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa, puSpadantakRta mahApurANa (965 I0 ) evaM hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra mukhya haiM / 72 rAmAyaNa ke tIna pramukha pAtroM rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa ( dazAnana) ko jaina devamaNDala meM lagabhaga 5vIM zatI I0 meM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| paumacariya meM rAma kI tulanA meM rAvaNa ko adhika jinabhakta ke rUpa meM nirupita kiyA gayA / 73 isa grantha meM rAma ke sAtha hala va musala aura lakSmaNa ke sAtha cakra evaM gadA kA ullekha milatA hai|74 kaI sthaloM para rAma ko padma, halAyudha aura lakSmaNa ko nArAyaNa, cakradhara tathA cakrapANi nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai|75 paumacariya evaM paravartI granthoM meM rAmakathA ke anekazaH ullekha ke bAda bhI jaina sthaloM para rAma kA mUrta aMkana lokapriya nahIM ho skaa| inake mUrta aMkana kA udAharaNa kevala khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira ( la0 950-70 I0 ) para milA hai| uttarapurANa meM brAhmaNa dharma ke rAma, lakSmaNa aura rAvaNa kI kathA kA jo vivaraNa milatA hai vaha kucha sthaloM para rAmAyaNa kI kathA se sarvathA bhinna hai jise yathAsthAna spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa kA janma vArANasI nagara ke rAjA dazaratha kI kramazaH subAlA va kaikeyI rAnI ke garbha se huA thA / 77 lakSmaNa ke zarIra para cakra kA cihna thaa| ye donoM bhAI aparimita zakti vAle the| rAma kA varNa haMsa ke paMkha ke samAna zveta aura lakSmaNa kA nIla kAntivAlA thaa| rAma aura lakSmaNa ke kumArakAla kA jaba kAphI samaya vyatIta ho cukA to dazaratha vaMza paramparA anusAra ayodhyA meM Akara rahane lge| isI samaya mithilA ke rAjA evaM sItA ke pitA janaka eka aisA yajJa karane jA rahe the jisameM pratipakSiyoM, vizeSa rUpa se rAvaNa, dvArA vighna DAlane kA bhaya thA ( uttarapurANa meM sItA ko eka sthala para rAvaNa kI putrI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, 68.348-353) / mantriyoM se parAmarza karane para mahArAja janaka ko rAmacandra ke parAkrama kA patA claa| unhoMne dazaratha ke pAsa bahumUlya bheMTa ke sAtha apane dUta ko bhejakara yajJa kI rakSA ke liye rAma aura lakSmaNa ko Amantrita kiyaa| sAtha hI badale meM sItA ko dene kA bhI prastAva rkhaa|9
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________________ 134 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana isa sandarbha meM apane mantriyoM aura purohitoM se parAmarza karane para mahArAja dazaratha ko rAma aura lakSmaNa ke kramazaH AThaveM balabhadra aura nArAyaNa hone kA bhI patA lagA / phalasvarUpa dazaratha ne rAma aura lakSmaNa ko senA ke sAtha janaka ke pAsa mithilA bheja diyaa| yajJa pUrNa hone ke bAda janaka ne rAma ko bar3e vaibhava ke sAtha sItA pradAna kii| kucha dina vahIM vyatIta karane ke bAda rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA ke sAtha ayodhyA lauTa Aye aura sukha pUrvaka rahane lage / bAda meM rAjA dazaratha ne anya sAta sundara kanyAoM ke sAtha rAma kA tathA pRthvI devI Adi solaha rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha lakSmaNa kA vivAha kiyaa|' rAma-lakSmaNa ke bahupatnIka hone kA sandarbha jaina paramparA kA nijatva hai| isa samaya rAvaNa, jo unakA zatru thA aura jisakA ullekha inake pratinArAyaNa athavA prativAsudeva ke rUpa meM huA hai, kA janma laMkA ke vidyAdhara rAjA pulastya ke yahA~ huaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma meghazrI thaa| eka bAra krIr3A ke liye kisI vana meM gaye hue rAvaNa ne amitavega kI putrI maNimatI ko vidyA siddha karane meM saMlagna dekhA aura usa para mohita ho use apane adhIna karane ke uddezya se usakI vidyA kA haraNa kara liyaa| phalasvarUpa usane bhaviSya meM rAvaNa kI hI putrI hokara usake vadha karane kA nizcaya kiyaa|2 Age calakara rAvaNa kI patnI mandodarI ke garbha se usakA janma huaa| jaba rAvaNa ko nimitta jJAniyoM se isa bAta kA patA calA ki isI putrI dvArA usakA vinAza hogA to usane mArIca nAmaka mantrI ko use kahIM le jAkara chor3a Ane ko kahA / kintu mArIca ne mandodarI ke kahane para usa kanyA ko eka peTikA meM rakhakara mithilA nagarI ke udyAna ke nikaTa bhUmi ke bhItara rakha diyaa| vahA~ para hala calA rahe kucha logoM ko jaba vaha peTikA milI to unhoMne isakI sUcanA rAjA janaka ko dii| janaka ne usa kanyA kA nAma 'sItA' rakhakara usakA pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| 3 yaha saba itanA gupta rakhA gayA ki rAvaNa ko bhI isa bAta kA patA na claa| eka dina nArada dvArA sItA ke saundarya ke bAre meM sunakara usakA haraNa karane ke uddezya se rAvaNa puSpaka vimAna meM baiTha citrakUTa vana meM pahu~cA, jahA~ rAma-sItA ke sAtha bhramaNa kara rahe the| vahIM para rAvaNa kI AjJA se mArIca zreSTha maNiyukta mAyAvI hiraNa ke bacce kA rUpa dhara kara sItA ke sanmukha prakaTa huaa| sItA ko usa para mohita hotA dekha use
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 135 pakar3a kara lAne ke uddezya se rAma usa hiraNa ke pIche gye| idhara rAvaNa chala se rAma kA rUpa dhara kara sItA ke sAmane AyA aura puSpaka vimAna ko pAlakI rUpa meM parivartita karake usakA haraNa kara liyaa| __ zokAkula rAma ko jaba eka dUta dvArA bheje gaye dazaratha ke patra se laMkA ke vidyAdhara rAjA rAvaNa dvArA sItA ke haraNa kA patA calA to ve atyadhika krodhita hue aura sItA ko lAne kA upAya socane lge| usI samaya unake sanmukha sugrIva va aNumAna (hanumAna ) nAmaka do vidyAdhara aaye| unake parAkrama va zakti ke bAre meM sunakara rAma ne aNumAna ko apane nAma se cihnita eka mudrikA dekara laMkA bhejaa| laMkA meM nandana nAmaka vana meM zizaMpA vRkSa ke nIce zokAkUla sItA ko dekha aNumAna unake sAmane 'plavaga' nAmaka vidyA dvArA kapi kA rUpa dhara kara prakaTa hue aura unheM rAma kI mudrikA dii| tatpazcAt vApasa Akara rAma ko sItA va ahaMkArI rAvaNa evaM usake pAsa cakraratna ke prakaTa hone kI sUcanA dii| ___ aMgada ke parAmarza para rAma ne punaH aNumAna ko rAvaNa ko samajhAne ke liye laMkA bhejA / aNumAna tathA vibhISaNa ne aneka prakAra se rAvaNa ko samajhAyA aura sItA ko vApasa lauTA dene kA parAmarza diyA kintu ahaMkArI rAvaNa ke kisI bhI prakAra na mAnane para rAma aura rAvaNa ke madhya yuddha avazyambhAvI ho gayA / isI bIca kilakila nAmaka nagara ke vidyAdhara rAjA vAli ke eka dUta ne rAma ke pAsa Akara usake zaurya aura parAkrama kI prazaMsA kI aura use apanA dUta banAkara laMkA bhejane kA parAmarza diyaa| apane maMtriyoM se parAmarza karane ke bAda rAma ne vAli kA vadha karane kA nizcaya kiyA aura dUta dvArA yaha kahalavA bhejA ki vaha apane mahAmegha nAmaka zreSTha hAthI ho samarpita kre| yaha suna vAli ati kupita huA aura usane rAmacandra ko yuddha kA AmaMtraNa diyaa| phalasvarUpa rAma ne lakSmaNa ko sugrIva Adi kI senA ke sAtha vAli se yuddha karane ke liye bhejaa| isa yuddha meM lakSmaNa ne apane tIkSNa bANa se vAli kA vadha kiyaa| ___ vAli kA vadha karane ke bAda lakSmaNa ne jagatpAda nAmaka parvata para sAta dinoM taka nirAhAra rahakara prajJapti nAmaka vidyA siddha kii| isake atirikta sugrIva aura hanumAna ne bhI rAma aura lakSmaNa ko apanI siddha
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________________ 136 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana kI huI garuDavAhinI, siMhavAhinI, bandhamocInI evaM hananavaraNI nAmaka vidyAe~ diiN|8 rAvaNa se yuddha karane ke liye rAma aura lakSmaNa kI caturaMgI senA ne prasthAna kiyaa| donoM bhAIyoM ne prajJapti nAmaka vidyA dvArA aneka vimAnoM kA nirmANa kara usake dvArA apanI senA ko laMkA meM utaaraa| rAma aura lakSmaNa aMjana parvata aura vijaya parvata nAmaka hAthI para ArUr3ha the| lakSmaNa ke dhvaja para valayAkAra sA~pa ko pakar3e hue garuDa kA cihna aMkita thaa|9 rAvaNa kA bhAI vibhISaNa jise rAvaNa ne deza nikAlA de diyA thA, rAmacandra ke pAsa Akara rahane lagA thaa| laMkA pahu~cane para rAma ko jaba indrajIta ( rAvaNa kA putra ) dvArA rAkSasa Adi mahAvidyAoM ke siddha karane ke bAre meM patA calA to unhoMne usameM aneka vidyAdhara kumAroM dvArA vighna DalavAnA Arambha kiyaa| phalasvarUpa indrajIta ne aneka vidyAdhara rAjAoM aura siddha kiye hue devatAoM ko inase yuddha karane ke liye kahA / kintu unake asvIkAra kara dene para rAvaNa svayaM rAma va lakSmaNa se yuddha karane cala pdd'aa|90 rAma ke sAtha bahuta dinoM taka yuddha karane ke bAda rAvaNa mAyAvI yuddha karane ke uddezya se apane putroM ke sAtha AkAza meM phuNcaa| rAvaNa ko durIkSya ( jo dekhA na jA sake ) dekhakara catura rAma aura lakSmaNa bhI siMhavAhinI va garuDavAhinI vidyAoM se nirmita siMha aura garuDa para savAra ho AkAza meM pahu~ce / yuddha meM rAvaNa ko parAsta hotA dekha, putra indrajIta AyA jise rAma ne zakti kI coTa se girA diyaa| yaha dekha rAvaNa ne lakSmaNa para cakraratna pheMkane kA Adeza diyA kintu vaha cakra lakSmaNa ke cAroM ora pradakSiNA kara dAhine hAtha para sthira ho gyaa| anta meM usI cakraratna se lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa kA sara kATa diyA aura rAvaNa adhogati ( narakagati) ko prApta huaa| rAma va lakSmaNa AThaveM balabhadra aura nArAyaNa hokara tIna khaNDa ke balazAlI svAmI hue|1 rAvaNa kA vadha karane ke bAda rAma aura lakSmaNa ne solaha hajAra paTTabandha rAjAoM, eka sau dasa nAriyoM ke svAmI vidyAdharoM tathA tIna khaNDa ke nivAsI devoM ko jItakara bayAlIsa varSoM meM digvijaya pUrNa kiyaa| rAma aura lakSmaNa, sItA ke sAtha ayodhyA Aye jahA~ tIrthajala me bhare eka hajAra ATha kalazoM se unakA abhiSeka kiyA gayA / rAma ke aparAjita halAyudha, amoghabAga, komudo gadA ora ratnA
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 137 vaMtasikA nAmaka mAlA ye cAra ratna tathA lakSmaNa ke sudarzana cakra, kaumudI gadA, saunandaka khaDga, amodhamukhI zakti, zArDaga dhanuSa, pAJcajanya zaMkha aura kaustubha maNi ye sAta ratna the jinakI eka-eka hajAra yakSadeva pRthaka-pRthaka rakSA karate the / 12 rAma aura lakSmaNa ke lakSaNa spaSTataH 'viSNu ( zaMka, cakra, gadA), balarAma ( hala ) evaM rAma ( dhanuSa-bANa ) se sambandhita haiN| ___ aneka varSoM taka sukha pUrvaka rAjya kA upabhoga karane ke bAda eka "dina nAgavAhinI zayyA para soye hue lakSmaNa ne tIna svapna dekhe / purohitoM ne usakA artha lakSmaNa kI asAdhya bImArI, unakI mRtyu aura "rAma kA tapovana meM jAnA btaayaa| kucha hI dinoM bAda lakSmaNa ko mahAroga utpanna huA aura usI se mRtyu kA varaNa kara bhogoM meM Asakta rahane vAle lakSmaNa cauthI paMkaprabhA nAmaka pRthvI (naraka ) meM gaye / lakSmaNa kI mRtyu se zokAkula rAma ne putroM ko rAjya Adi dekara svayaM sugrIva, aNumAna, vibhISaNa tathA anya 500 rAjAoM aura 180 pUtroM ke sAtha saMyama dhAraNa kara liyA aura kAlAntara meM kevalajJAna aura mokSa prApta kiyaa| __ khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira kI uttarI bhitti para sItA sahita rAma kI AliMgana mati utkIrNa hai jisameM tribhaMga meM avasthita rAma caturbhuja haiN| rAma ke do hAthoM meM eka lambA zara hai jabaki eka dAhinA hAtha pAlita-mudrA meM kapimukha hanumAna ke sira para rakhA hai aura dUsarA bAyA~ hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai| pITha para tUNIra aura kirITa-mukuTa Adi se zobhita rAma ke vAma pArzva meM sItA nirUpita haiM jinake vAma kara meM nIlotpala hai jabaki dakSiNa kara rAma ke kandhe para AliMganamudrA meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| uttarapurANa evaM anya jaina granthoM ke vivaraNa ke anurUpa pArzvanAtha jaina mandira ke zikhara para dakSiNa bhAga meM azoka vATikA meM baiThI klAMtamukhI sItA aura samIpa hI asura AkRtiyoM se ghire hanumAna ko dikhAyA gayA hai|94 elorA meM rAma-lakSmaNa yA anya kisI balabhadra, nArAyaNa yA pratinArAyaNa kI koI mUrti nahIM ukerI hai| 6. padama ( yA balarAma ), kRSNa aura jarAsandha : 'padma' ( yA balarAma ), 'kRSNa' aura 'jarAsandha' jaina paramparA ke kramazaH nauveM balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa haiM jo bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara
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________________ 138 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana neminAtha ke samakAlIna the| jJAtavya hai ki kRSNa aura padma (yA balarAma) neminAtha ke cacere bhAI the / padma balabhadra kRSNa ke agraja the jinakA janma vasudeva kI patnI rohiNI tathA kRSNa kA devakI ke garbha se huA thaa| kRSNa janma ke sambandha meM uttarapurANa meM varNita kathA ke anusAra-eka bAra atimukta nAmaka eka muni bhikSA ke liye kaMsa ke rAjabhavana meM gaye / vahA~ kaMsa kI patnI jIvadyazA ne unase ha~sI meM kucha kaTu vacana kaha diye jisase krodhita ho atimukta muni ne devakI ke putra dvArA kaMsa va jIvadyazA ke pitA ke mAre jAne kA zApa diyA aura devakI putra ke cakravartI rUpa meM samasta pRthvI ke pAlana karane ke bAre meM bhI btaayaa| isa para bhayabhIta kaMsa ne vasudeva se kahA ki devakI ( kaMsa kI bahana ) ke prasUti kI sArI vidhi usake hI ghara para kreN| vasudeva ne kaMsa ke chala ko na samajha sakane ke kAraNa prastAva svIkAra kara liyaa| atimukta muni dvArA devakI aura vasudeva ko bhI sAta putroM ke janma aura antima putra ke cakravartI hone kA patA claa|95 isa prakAra devakI ne tIna bAra meM do-do yugala putroM ko janma diyA jinheM indra dvArA prerita naigameSI deva ne bhadrilapura nagara ke alakA nAmaka vaizyaputrI ke Age DAla diyA aura unake sthAna para mRta putroM ko devakI ke pAsa rakha diyaa| kintu jaba devakI ne sAtaveM putra ko janma diyA to usakA pAlana-poSaNa kaMsa se chupAkara karane ke uddezya se vasudeva va padma (balarAma ) use nandagopa ke ghara le gye| mArga meM putra kI icchA rakhane vAlI patnI kI utpanna kanyA ko bhUtadevatAoM ko samarpita karane ke uddezya se A rahe nandagopa mile| apanA manoratha siddha hotA dekha vasudeva va padma putra ko unheM sauMpa svayaM unakI kanyA ko devakI ke pAsa le Aye / jaba kaMsa ko yaha patA calA ki devakI ko kanyA utpanna huI hai to usane sarvaprathama usakI nAka capaTI kara eka dhAya dvArA talaghaTa meM rakhakara bar3e prayatna se bddh'aayaa| kintu bar3e hone para apanI vikRta AkRti ke kAraNa vaha vindhyAcala parvata para suvratA AryikA ke pAsa dIkSA dhAraNa kara rahane lgii|96 ____ mathurA meM kucha nimittajJAniyoM dvArA jaba kaMsa ko kRSNa ke jIvita hone kA patA calA to usane aneka prakAra se unako mArane kA prayAsa kiyaa| isa prayAsa ke antargata kaMsa dvArA pUrvabhava meM siddha kiye sAta
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 139 vyantara devatAoM dvArA vividha rUpa dhAraNa kara kRSNa ko mArane kA prayAsa karane se sambandhita ullekha milate haiM, udAharaNArtha kisI devI dvArA pUtanA ke rUpa meM kRSNa ko viSapUrNa stanapAna karAne kA prayAsa, kisI kA arjuna vRkSa, kisI kA tAr3a vRkSa, kisI kA gardabhI athavA azva rUpa meM kRSNa ko mArane AnA ityAdi / kintu apane prayAsoM meM pUrNataH asaphala hone para ve sabhI kaMsa ke sAmane apanI asamarthatA prakaTa kara vilIna ho gaye / 97 uparyukta sandarbha spaSTataH mahAbhArata, harivaMzapurANa evaM bhAgavatapurANa meM varNita kRSNa janma kI kathA se prabhAvita haiN| kisI dina mathurApurI ke jaina mandira ke pUrva meM sthita dikpAla maMdira meM kRSNa ke pratApa se nAgazayyA, dhanuSa aura zaMkha ye tIna ratna prakaTa hue| nimittajJAniyoM se yaha jJAta hone para ki jo ise siddha kara legA vaha cakraratna se surakSita rAjya prApta karegA, kaMsa ne svayaM use siddha karanA caahaa| kintu isa kArya meM asamartha hone para usane yaha ghoSaNA karavAI ki jo bhI nAgazayyA para car3hakara eka hAtha se zaMkha bajAegA aura dUsare se dhanuSa ko car3hA degA, use vaha apanI pUtrI degaa| yaha ghoSaNA sunakara aneka rAjAoM ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM kRSNa bhI mathurA pahu~ce aura una tInoM kAryoM ko karane ke bAda vApasa vraja A gaye / jaba kaMsa ko yaha patA calA ki ina tInoM kAryoM ko karane vAle svayaM kRSNa hI haiM to usane zatru ko zaurya parIkSA ke uddezya se nandagopa ke pAsa yaha sUcanA bhejI ki use vaha sahasradala padma cAhiye jisakI rakSA svayaM nAgarAja karate haiN| zokAkula pitA nandagopa kI samasyA jAnakara kRSNa mahAsarpo se yukta sarovara meM praveza kara, vaha padma sahaja hI le aaye| prastuta prasaMga kiMcit parivartita rUpa meM kAliya nAga ke damana kI kathA se saMbaMdhita hai| bAda meM kaMsa ne nandagopa ko apane malloM ke sAtha mallayuddha dekhane ke lie mathurA Amantrita kiyaa| jaba ve mathurA meM praviSTa hae to kaMsa ne una para eka matta hAthI chodd'aa| kRSNa ne gaja ke eka dA~ta ko ukhAr3a kara usI se usako itanA pITA ki vaha bhayabhIta ho bhAga gyaa| isake pazcAt kaMsa kI sabhA meM sarvaprathama kRSNa ne cANUra nAmaka kaMsa ke pramukha malla kA aura isake bAda kaMsa kA vadha kiyA / 19 / ina sArI ghaTanAoM kI sUcanA jaba magadha ke rAjA jarAsandha ( nauvA~ pratinArAyaNa ) ko prApta huI to usane yAdavoM se pratizodha lene kA nizcaya kiyaa| isa kArya ke lie jaba usane apane putra kAlayavana,
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________________ 140 : jana mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ko bhejA to yAdavoM kA kuladevatA eka bUr3hI strI ke rUpa meM mArga meM agni jalAkara baiTha gayA aura kAlayavana dvArA pUche jAne para batA diyA ki usake bhaya se samasta yAdavoM ne isa agni meM jalakara apane prANa de diye haiN| yaha suna kara kAlayavana Azvasta ho vApasa calA gyaa| 100 tatpazcAt kRSNa, vasudeva, padma evaM yAdavoM sahita indra kI AjJA se kubera dvArA samudra meM nirmita dvArAvatI nagarI meM sukhapUrvaka rahane lge| kisI dina kucha vaizya putroM dvArA jaba jarAsandha ko, kRSNa va dvArAvatI nagarI ke bAre meM punaH sUcanA milI to yAdavoM kA nAza karane ke uddezya se vaha cala pdd'aa| kurukSetra meM donoM pakSa kI senAoM meM bhISaNa yuddha huaa| jarAsandha ne kRSNa ko mArane ke uddezya se jisa cakra ko calAyA vaha kRNNa ko pradakSiNA kara unakI dAhinI bhujA para Thahara gayA aura usI cakra se kRSNa ne jarAsandha kA vadha kara diyA / 101 isake pazcAta aneka rAjAoM ko apane adhIna kara aura Adhe bhArata kA svAmI ho kRSNa ne baladeva padma va senA ke sAtha dvArAvatI nagarI meM praveza kiyA jahA~ deva va vidyAdhara rAjAoM ne cakravartI rUpa meM kRSNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa|102 uttarapurANa meM kRSNa ko nIlavarNa kA pItAmbara, mayUrapiccha, nIlakamala kI mAlA, gale meM uttama kaMThI, sira para U~cA mukuTa va kalAiyoM meM suvarNa ke dedIpyamAna kaMTaka se sajjita batAyA gayA hai / cakra, zakti, gadA, zaMkha, dhanuSa, daNDa tathA nandaka khaDga-inake sAta pramukha ratna mAne gaye haiN| isI prakAra ratnamAlA, gadA, hala aura musala balabhadra padma ke cAra pramakha ratna batAye gaye haiN| 103 kaSNa kI rukmiNI, satyabhAmA, jAmbavatI, susImA, lakSmaNa, gAndhArI, gaurI va priyA nAmadhArI ATha pramukha paTTarAniyA~ evaM kula solaha hajAra rAniyA~ thiiN| baladeva padma ke ATha hajAra rAniyA~ thiiN| kRSNa ne nAgazayyA para ArUr3ha ho, garuDavAhinI vidyA siddha kI thii| inakI patAkA garuDa cihna se yukta thii|104 eka dina baladeva dvArA tIrthaMkara neminAtha se kRSNa ke rAjya Adi ke bAre meM pUchane para jJAta huA ki bAraha varSa bAda dvArAvatI nagarI ke naSTa hone para kauzAmbI vana meM jaratkumAra dvArA kRSNa kI mRtyu hogI / usI ke anurUpa kRSNa kI mRtyu huii| kRSNa ke viyoga meM balabhadra padma ne saMyama dhAraNa kara liyaa|105 yadyapi elorA meM balarAma aura kRSNa ko AmUrtita nahIM kiyA gayA
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 141. hai kintu vibhinna zvetAmbara va digambara sthaloM para svataMtra aura neminAtha mUrtiyoM ke parikara tathA neminAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM ke antargata inakA aMkana huA hai / 106 sarvaprathama mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM haladhara, balarAma aura cakradhArI kRSNa kA nirUpaNa huaa| madhyakAla meM devagar3ha (citra 8) evaM mathurA kI do neminAtha mUrtiyoM ( 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0), baTezvara kI neminAtha mUrti, mathurA saMgrahAlaya kI ambikA mUrti (kramAMka DI0 7), AgarA kI munisuvrata aura mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA kI RSabhanAtha mati ( rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, kramAMka je0 78) meM balarAma aura kRSNa ko donoM pAvoM meM dikhAyA gayA hai| inameM dvibhaja yA caturbhuja balarAma aura kRSNa kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM / pA~ca yA sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle balarAma ke hAthoM meM hala, musala aura caSaka dikhAyA gayA hai jabaki vanamAlA aura kirITa-mukuTa se zobhita kRSNa ke karoM meM gadA, cakra aura zaMkha pradarzita haiN|107 ina digambara mUrtiyoM meM balarAma-kRSNa ke lakSaNa pUrI taraha uttarapurANa ke vivaraNa para AdhArita haiN| ___ khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha jaina maMdira yamalArjuna kRSNa mUrti ke atirikta haladhara balarAma kI revatI sahita AliMgana mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai| delavAr3A ke vimalavasahI va lUNavasahI (la0 1150-1250 I0 ) meM kRSNa ke kAliyanAga mardana (citra 31), gopa-gopikAoM ke sAtha holI khelane, kRSNa janma evaM vibhinna bAla-lIlAoM evaM asuroM ke saMhAra se saMbaMdhita dRzyoM kA vistArapUrvaka aMkana huA hai jo jaina granthoM kI balarAma-kRSNa kathA kI pRSThabhUmi meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| lUNavasahI meM kRSNa-janma kA atyadhika vistArapUrvaka aMkana vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai / pAda-TippaNI 1. AdipurANa 26.62 kramazaH; Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 391; triSaSTi- . zalAkApuruSacaritra, pR0 212, 256, 262; jambUdvIpaprajJapti 3.42, pR0 1.0-181 / 2. AdipurANa 15.100-101 / 3. mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta), 59.17 / 4. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.2.885-887 / 5. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 73; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 7.13.19.13, 1.4.568-587; AdipurANa 37.74, 83-84 /
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________________ --142 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 6. AdipurANa 15.100-101 142, 158 / 7. AdipurANa 15.159; jambUdvIpaprajJapti 3.41-71; AvazyakacUrNi pR0 182 evaM kramazaH; vasudevahiNDI 1, pR0 186 evaM kramazaH / 8. AdipurANa, prastAvanA, pR0 13-14 / 9. "yeSAM khalu" mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH guNa Asota / yenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti / bhAgavata 5.4-9 / 10. draSTavya, AdipurANa prastAvanA, pR0 14 / 11. AdipurANa 15.164, 197, 208 / 12. AdipurANa 26.59 / 13. A purANa 28.119-166, 29.80-96; 31.156 / - 14. AdipurANa 32.145-154, 199 / 15. zvetAmbara paramparA meM dRSTiyuddha, muSTiyuddha, vAkyuddha, bAhuyuddha tathA cakrayuddha kA ullekha hai-- triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra 1.5.519-798 / 16. AdipurANa 37.73-74, 83-84; harivaMzapurANa 11.108-111 / 17. AdipurANa 38.4-24; 47.324-393 // 18. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.6.715-745 / 19. mArutinandana tivArI, 'anapablizDa imejeja oNva bharata cakravartI aiTa devagar3ha', jaM0 I0 sI0 o0 A0, khaNDa 12-13, varSa 1981-83, pR0 25-29 / 20. uttarapurANa 48.69-73 / 21. uttarapurANa 48.76-143 / 22. uttarapurANa 61.88-102 / 23. uttarapurANa 61.104-129 / 24. uttarapurANa 65.118-125 / 25. zvetAmbara paramparA meM parazurAma dvArA sAta bAra pRthvI se kSatriyoM ko nirmUla naSTa karane va subhauma dvArA uttara meM ikkIsa bAra pRthvI se brAhmaNoM ke nAza kA ullekha milatA hai - triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 6.4.70 - 110 / 26. uttarapurANa 65.126-150 / 27. uttarapurANa 65.156-169 / 28. uttarapurANa 66.76-97 / 29. uttarapurANa 67.61-88 / 30. uttarapurANa 69.78-92 /
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 143 31. uttarapurANa 72.287-188 / uparokta vivaraNa ke atirikta cakravartI brahmadatta ke sambandha meM uttarapurANa meM aura koI vivaraNa nahIM miltaa| 32. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 74-75 / 33. vArAMgacarita 27.43, pR0 268; tiloyapaNNatti, 1.4.1411, pR0 328 trilokasAragAthA 827; uttarapurANa 11, parva 57-71 / 34. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 75 / 35. abhidhAnacintAmaNI, 2.138; samavAyAMgasUtra, sUtra 158; sthAnAMgasUtra, sUtra 672 / 36. uttarapurANa 57.93 / 37. uttarapurANa 57.90 / 38. tiloyapaNNatti 1.4.1435, pR0 332 / 39. ya0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 73-74 / / 40. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0 152-158, sUtra 158-59 / "41. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 74; AvazyakaniyuktigAthA 402; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.6.338; 4.1.240-41; uttarapurANa 57.90, harivaMzapurANa 35.35, 41.36-37 / 42. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 2.128-37; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.1. 624-25 / 43. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 74 / 44. ema0 viNTaranitja, pU0 ni, pR0 487 / 45. jambUdvIpaprajJapti, khaNDa 1, pR0 164 / 46. sthAnAMgasUtra, khaNDa-1, pR0 75, 123 / 47. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0ni0, pR0 77 / 48. vahIM, pR0 76 / 49. vahIM, pR0 76 / 50. uttarapurANa 57-72 / 51. yU0 po0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 76 / 52. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.1.415-761; uttarapurANa 58.84-118 / 53. ya0 pI0 zAha, pU0ni0, pR0 76 / 54. vahIM, pR075 / 55. uttarapurANa 57.83-86 / / 56. zvetAmbara paramparA meM baladeva kI mAtA caturdanta, gaja, vRSabha, candra aura nIlotpala yukta sarovara va vAsudeva kI mAtA dvArA siMha, lakSmI, sUrya,
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________________ 144 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana / kalaza, samudra, ratnarAzi aura nirdhama agni, kramazaH ina cAra aura sAta. zubha svapnoM ke dekhane kA ullekha milatA hai-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.1.169-215 / 57. uttapurANa 57.90-93 / 58. uttarapurANa 57.87-99 / 59. uttarapurANa 58.83-86, 90-119 / 60. uttarapurANa 59.71-106 / 61. uttarapurANa 60.63-68 / 62. nArada sambandhI yaha varNana zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI milatA hai triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.4.111-191 / 63. uttarapurANa 60.71-81 / 64. zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake zatru kA nAma 'nizumbha hai-triSaSTi zalAkA puruSacaritra 4.5.72-74 / 65. uttarapurANa 61, 69-83 / 66. zvetAmbara paramparA meM 'nizambha' pA~caveM prativAsudeva ke rUpa meM ullikhita haiM-triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra 4.5.72-74 / 67. uttarapurANa 65.174-191 / 68. zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakA nAma kramazaH nandana, datta aura pralhAda hai triSaSTi zalAkApuruSacaritra 6.5.1-22 / 69. uttarapurANa 66.102-123 / / 70. uttarapurANa 67.89 / 71. paumacariya meM rAma kA mukhyataH padma aura kahIM-kahIM rAma ( 78.35, 41, 42), rAghava (1.82, 39.126 ) evaM haladhara ( 35.22, 39.20, 31) nAmoM se bhI ullekha huA hai| 72. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 41; 'brAhmenikala DITIz2a ina jaina painthIyAna aiNDa rilIjasa ArTa', sAvaniyara (AspekTsa Ava jaina philAsapho aiNDa kalcara), phortha varlDa jaina kAMgresa (saM0 satIza kumAra jaina ), naI dillI, 1987, pR0 34-37 / 73. paumacariya 5.145-156; 8.20; 9.87-89; 10.46-47, 53; 74. paumacarima 59.86, 78. 41; donoM hI jaina paramparAoM meM hala aura musala kA baladeva ke cAra ratnoM meM evaM cakra va gadA kA vAsudeva ke sAta ratnoM meM ullekha AtA hai /
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________________ zalAkA puruSa : 145 75. paumacariya 35.22; 39.20, 31, 126; 70.33, 36, 72 22; 73.3, 5, 19; 76.36, 77.1; 78.32; 80.2 / 76. mArutinandana tivArI evaM kamala giri, 'vimalasUri kRta paumacariya meM prati mAvijJAna paraka sAmagrI', paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha, vArANasI, 1991, pR0 154 ! mArutinandana tivArI 'e noTa oNna aina imeja oNva rAma eNDa sItA oNna di pArzvanAtha Tempala, khajurAho', jaina jarnala, khaNDa-8, aM0 1, pR0 30-32 / 77. uttarapurANa 67.148-152; rAmAyaNa meM rAma ko mAtA kA nAma kausalyA va lakSmaNa kI mAtA kA nAma sumitrA hai aura dazaratha ayodhyApurI ke rAjA ullakhita haiM-rAmAyaNa ( vAlmIkikRta ), gItA presa, gorakhapura, (bAlakANDa) 18.8-14, pR0 68 / 78. uttarapurANa 67.152-154 / 79. uttarapurANa 67.165-78; rAmAyaNa meM sItA ke vivAha ke liye dhanuSa yajJa se sambandhita dUsarI kathA varNita hai-rAmAyaNa 66.9-15, pR0 158-159 / 80. uttarapurANa 67.465-70 / 81. uttarapurANa 68.31-48 / 82. uttarapurANa 68.10-16 / 83. uttarapurANa 68.17-28; rAmAyaNa meM janaka dvArA hala calAne para hala ke agrabhAga se 'sItA' ke milane kA ullekha hai-rAmAyaNa 66.13-14, pR0 158 / 84. uttarapurANa 68.190-225 / 85. uttarapurANa 68.269-382 / 86. uttarapurANa 68.390-439 / 87. uttarapurANa 68.440-464 / 88. uttarapurANa 68.468-469, 521-522 / 89. uttarapurANa 68.540-547 / 90. uttarapurANa 68.516-533 / 91. uttarapurANa 68.611-634 / 92. uttarapurANa 68.643-677 / 93. uttarapurANa 68.692-720 / 94. mArutinandana tivArI, elimenTsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI, pR0 115-16 / 95. uttarapurANa 70.369-383 / 10
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________________ 146 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 96. uttarapurANa 70.384-408; Age calakara jaina paramparA meM yahI vindhyavAsinI devI ke rUpa meM mAnya huIM / 97. uttarapurANa 70.412-424 / 98. uttarapurANa 70.440 - 472; harivaMzapurANa meM ullekha hai ki kRSNa ne viSama sarpoM se yukta sarovara meM jAkara kAliya nAmaka nAga kA mardana kiyA / 36.6-7 // 99. uttarapurANa 70.491-494 / 100 uttarapurANa 71.6-28; triSaSTizalA kApuruSacaritra 8.5.321-400; harivaMzapurANa 40. 25-43 // 101. uttarapurANa 71.52-115; harivaMzapurANa 52.59-83; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 8.7.134-457 / 102. uttarapurANa 71.117-122 / 103. uttarapurANa 71.123 - 125; harivaMzapurANa 35.20 / 104. uttarapurANa 71.123-128; harivaMzapurANa 44.11-48; isa grantha ke anusAra gaurI ko chor3akara kRSNa ne sabhI kA haraNa kiyA thA / 105. uttarapurANa 71.178-83, 122 / 106. mArutinandana tivArI, 'vaiSNava thImsa ina delavAr3A jaina Taimpalsa', vAjapeya0 DI0 bAjapeyI phelisiTezana, vAlyUma, dillI; 1987, pR0 195-200 107. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 119-120 /
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________________ paMcama adhyAya yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI prAcIna bhAratIya brAhmaNa, bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya meM yakSoM ke prabhUta ullekha milate haiN| Rgveda, atharvaveda tathA upaniSada granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para yakSa zabda prayukta huA hai| rAmAyaNa ( 3.11.94 ) meM devoM dvArA yakSatva evaM amaratva kA varadAna dene kA ullekha milatA hai| mahAbhArata ( 6.41.4 ) meM ullekha AtA hai ki sAtvika varga ke loga devoM kI, rAjasika varga ke loga yakSa va rAkSasa tathA tAmasika varga ke loga bhatapreta kI upAsanA karate haiN|' bauddha sAhitya meM yakSoM kA ullekha naitika zikSaka ke rUpa meM AyA hai / yakSoM ko upakAra va apakAra donoM kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| kumArasvAmI ke anusAra yakSoM va devoM ke bIca koI vizeSa bheda nahIM thA aura 'yakSa' zabda eka prakAra se deva kA hI paryAyavAcI thaa| pavAyA ( ma0pra0 ) kI maNibhadra yakSa mUrti (pahalI zatI I0 pU0) bhagavAn ke rUpa meM pUjita thii| jaina granthoM meM bhI yakSoM kA adhikAMzataH deva ke rUpa meM ullekha AtA hai / " uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke anusAra saMcita satkarmoM ke prabhAva ko bhogane ke bAda yakSa punaH manuSya rUpa meM janma lete haiN| ___ jaina granthoM meM yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kA ullekha jinoM ke zAsana va upAsaka devoM ke rUpa meM huA hai| pratyeka jina ke yakSa-yakSI yugala unake caturvidha saMgha ke zAsaka evaM rakSaka deva haiN| jaina granthoM ke anusAra samavasaraNa meM jinoM ke dharmopadeza ke bAda, indra ne pratyeka jina ke sAtha sevaka devoM ke rUpa meM eka yakSa aura eka yakSI ko niyukta kiyA thaa| sadaiva jinoM ke samIpa rahane ke kAraNa jaina devakula meM yakSa evaM yakSiyo ko jinoM ke bAda sarvAdhika pratiSThA milI / 10 24 yakSoM evaM 24 yakSiyoM kI sUcI meM adhikAMza ke nAma evaM unakI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ brAhmaNa aura kucha udAharaNoM meM bauddha devakula ke devoM se prabhAvita haiN| jaina devakUla para brAhmaNa aura bauddha dharmoM ke devoM kA prabhAva do prakAra kA hai / prathama, jainoM ne ina dharmoM ke devoM ke kevala nAma grahaNa kiye haiM aura svayaM unakI svataMtra lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ nirdhArita kii| garuDa, varuNa, kumAra yakSoM aura gaurI, kAlI, mahAkAlI, aMbikA
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________________ 148 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM ke sandarbha meM isI prakAra kA prabhAva dRSTigata hotA hai| dvitIya, jainoM ne devatAoM ke eka varga kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ itara dharmoM ke devoM se grahaNa kii| kabhI-kabhI inake nAma bhI hindU aura bauddha devoM ke nAmoM se prabhAvita haiN| isa varga meM mukhya rUpa se brahmA, Izvara, gomukha, bhRkuTi, SaNmukha, yakSendra, pAtAla, dharaNendra evaM kubera yakSa aura cakrezvarI, vijayA, nirvANI, tArA evaM vajrazrRMkhalA yakSiyA~ AtI haiN|11 harivaMzapurANa meM ullekha hai ki jina zAsana ke bhakta devoM ( zAsana devatAoM) ke prabhAva se hita (zubha) kAryoM kI vighnakArI zaktiyA~ (graha, nAga, bhUta, pizAca va rAkSasa ) zAnta ho jAtI haiM / 12 jaina granthoM meM yakSa jinoM ke cAmaradhara sevakoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiM / 13 bhagavatIsUtra meM vaizramaNa ke prati putra ke samAna AjJAkAro 13 yakSoM kI sUcI dI hai / 14 ye punnabhadda, maNibhadda, zAlibhadda, sumaNabhadda, cakka, rakkha, puNNarakkha, savvana, savvajasa, samidhdha, amota, asaMga aura savvakAma haiM / tatvArthasUtra'5 meM bhI jina 13 yakSoM ke nAma haiM ve pUrNabhadra, maNibhadra, sumanobhadra, zvetabhadra, haribhadra, vyatipAtikabhadra, subhadra, sarvatobhadra, manuSyayakSa, vanAdhipati, vanAhAra, rUpayakSa evaM yakSotama haiN| ___jaina AgamoM meM vibhinna caityoM kA ullekha AtA hai jahA~ apane bhramaNa ke daurAna mahAvIra vizrAma karate the| inameM dUtipalAza, koSThaka, candrAvatarana, pUrNabhadre, jambUka, bahuputrikA, guNazIla, bahuzAlaka, kuNDiyAyana, nandana, puSpavatI, aMgamaMdira, prAptakAla, zaMkhavana, chatrapalAza Adi pramukha haiN| inameM pUrNabhadra, bahuputrikA evaM guNazIla jaise caitya nizcita hI yakSa caitya the kyoMki Agama granthoM meM anyatra inakA yakSoM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / 17 __jaina granthoM meM maNibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSoM evaM bahuputrikA yakSI ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai| maNibhadra aura pUrNabhadra ko vyantara devoM ke yakSa varga kA indra batAyA gayA hai| aisA ullekha hai ki ina yakSoM ne campA meM mahAvIra ke prati zraddhA vyakta kI thii| aMtagaDdasAo aura aupapAtikasUtra meM campAnagara ke puNNabhadda ( pUrNabhadra ) caitya kA, piNDaniyakti21 meM sammilanagara ke bAhara maNibhadra yakSa ke Ayatana tathA paumacariya22 meM pUrNabhadra aura maNibhadra yakSoM kA zAntinAtha ke sevaka ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| isI prakAra bhagavatIsUtra meM vizalA ( ujjaina yA vaizAlI) ke samIpa sthita bahuputrikA ke maMdira kA ullekha hai / 23 isa grantha meM
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 149 bahuputrikA ko maNibhadra aura pUrNabhadra yakSendroM kI cAra pramukha rAniyoM meM eka batAyA gayA hai / 24 yU0 pI0 zAha ke anusAra jaina devakula ke prAcInatama yakSa-yakSI, sarvAnubhUti ( yA mAtaMga yA gomedha ) aura aMbikA kI kalpanA nizcita rUpa se maNibhadra-pUrNabhadra yakSa aura bahuputrikA yakSI ke pUjana kI prAcIna paramparA para AdhArita hai / 25 kalpasUtra evaM paumacariya jaise prArambhika jaina granthoM meM 24 yakSayakSiyoM meM se kisI kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 ke TIkA, niyukti evaM caNi granthoM meM bhI inakA koI ullekha nahIM hai / 26 la0 AThavIM-navIM zatI I0 meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI niyata huyI / prArambhika sUciyA~ kahAvalI ( zvetAmbara ),27 tiloyapaNNatti28 (digambara ) evaM pravacanasAroddhAra29 ( zvetAmbara ) meM milatI haiN| kRSNa varNa vAle yakSoM kI dhvajA para vaTa vRkSa aMkita hotA thaa| sundara aMgoM va saumyarUpa vAle kirITa mukuTa va anya AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate the / 30 donoM hI paramparAoM meM pUrNabhadra va maNibhadra ko inakA yakSendra mAnA gayA hai / tiloyapaNNatti ke anusAra pratyeka indra kI tArA, bahuputrA, kuNDA evaM uttamA nAmaka cAra rAniyA~ haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM inheM pUrNA, bahuputrikA, uttamA aura tArakA nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / 31 / / ___ la0 chaThI zatI I0 meM jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ( zAsanadevatAoM) ko sambaddha karane kI dhAraNA kA vikAsa huA / 32 yakSa-yakSI yugala se yukta prAcInatama jina mUrti chaThI zatI I0 kI hai|33 la0 AThavIMnavIM zatI I0 taka 24 jinoM ke svataMtra yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI nirdhArita ho gyii|4 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svataMtra lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 meM nirdhArita haIM jinakA ullekha nirvANakalikA,triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha meM milatA hai| ina granthoM meM ullakhita yakSa-yakSI ke nAmoM evaM prArambhika sUcI ke nAmoM meM kaI sthala para bhinnatA hai| isake atirikta digambara va zvetAmbara granthoM meM bhI inake nAmoM va lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM meM paryApta antara milatA hai|35 sarvaprathama nirvANakalikA (11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ) meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI svataMtra lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ vivecita huiiN| isake atirikta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ( zvetAmbara, 12vIM zatI I0 ), pravacanasAroddhAra para siddhasenasUri kI TIkA ( zvetAmbara ) evaM pratiSThAsArasaMgraha
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________________ 150 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ( digambara ) meM bhI 24 yakSa-yakSI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA ullekha hai / 36 12vIM zatI I0 ke bAda kaI anya granthoM meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita ullekha milate haiM, jinameM padmAnandamahAkAvya ( yA caturviMzati jinacaritra, zvetAmbara, 1241 I0 ), mantrAdhirAjakalpa ( zvetAmbara, 12vIM - 13vIM zatI I0), AcAradinakara ( zve - tAmbara, 1411 I0 ), pratiSThAsAroddhAra ( digambara, 1228 I0 ) evaM pratiSThAtilakam ( nemicandra saMhitA yA arhat pratiSThAsArasaMgraha, digambara, 1543 I0 ) pramukha haiM / 37 kucha jainetara granthoM jaise - aparAjitapRcchA ( digambara paramparA para AdhArita, la0 13vIM zatI I0 ) evaM rUpamaNDana va devatAmUrtiprakaraNa, ( zvetAmbara paramparA para AdhArita, la0 15vIM zatI I0 ) meM bhI 24 yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA nirUpaNa milatA hai | 3 uparyukta granthoM ke AdhAra para 24 yakSa yakSI kI sUcI isa prakAra hai / 39 24 yakSa - gomukha, mahAyajJa, trimukha, yakSezvara ( yA Izvara ),38 tumbaru ( yA tumbara ), kusuma ( yA puSpa ), mAtaMga ( yA varanandi), vijaya ( zyAma digambara), arjita, brahma, Izvara, kumAra, SaNmukha ( caturmukhadigambara ), pAtAla, kinnara, garuDa, gandharva, yakSendra ( ravindra - digambara ), kubera ( yA yakSeza ), varuNa, bhRkuTi, ( dharaNa - digambara ) evaM mAtaMga | gomedha, pArzva 40 24 yakSiyAM - cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA ), ajitA ( rohiNI - digambara), duritArI ( prajJapti - digambara ), kAlikA 41 ( vajrazRMkhalAdigambara ), mahAkAlI ( puruSadattA digambara), acyutA ( manovegAdigambara ), zAntA (kAlI - digambara ), bhRkuTi ( jvAlAmAlinI - digambara), sutArA ( mahAkAlI - digambara), azokA ( mAnavI - digambara), mAnavI ( gaurI - digambara ), caNDA ( gAndhArI - digambara ), viditA ( vairoTIdigambara), aMkuza (anantamatI - digambara ), kandarpA ( mAnasI ), nirvANI ( mahAmAnasI - digambara ), balA ( jayA - digambara ), dhAraNI ( tArAvatIdigambara ), vairoTyA ( aparAjitA - digambara), naradattA ( bahurupiNIdigambara ), gAndhArI ( cAmuNDA - digambara ), aMbikA ( yA AmrA yA kuSmANDinI), padmAvatI evaM siddhAyikA ( yA siddhAyinI ) 24 yakSiyA~ haiM / 42 yaha sarvathA Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki jinasena va guNabhadrakRta
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 151 mahApurANa meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke nAmoM yA lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM huA hai| kevala kucha sthAnoM para tIrthaMkaroM ke samIpa cAmara DulAte evaM balabhadra va nArAyaNa Adi ke rakSaka ke rUpa meM yakSoM kA ullekha milatA hai| navIM-dasavIM zatI I0 arthAt jaina mahApurANa ke racanAkAla ke samaya taka 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI kI sUcI zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM niyata ho cukI thii| digambara sUcI vistAra meM tiloyapatti meM varNita hai / yakSa-yakSI kI sUcI ke sAtha hI cakrezvarI, aMbikA evaM padmAvatI jaisI yakSiyoM evaM kubera yA sarvAnubhUti aura dharaNendra yakSoM kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ bhI nirdhArita ho cuko thiiN| tadnurUpa mathurA, devagar3ha, khajurAho, akoTA, dhAMka, osiyA~ jaise sthaloM para upayukta yakSa aura yakSiyoM ko mUrta abhivyakti bhI dI gyii| jJAtavya hai ki yakSoM kI apekSA yakSiyoM kA aMkana aura unakI pUjA jaina paramparA meM adhika lokapriya thI / 24 yakSiyoM ke sAmUhika aMkana kA prArambhikatama udAharaNa devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0) ke zAntinAtha mandira ( mandira saM0 12-862 I0 ) kI bhitti para dekhA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ kevala cakrezvarI, aMbikA aura padmAvatI hI svatantra lakSaNoM vAlo nirUpita haiM jabaki anya yakSiyoM ke nirUpaNa meM spaSTataH pUrvavartI vidyAdeviyoM ke lakSaNoM kA prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai / uparyukta pariprekSya meM jaina mahApurANa meM yakSa-yakSI ke sandarbho kA abhAva kucha vicitra sA pratIta hotA hai, vizeSataH elorA kI samakAlIna jaina guphAoM meM cakrezvarI, aMbikA, padmAvatI, yakSiyoM tathA kubera yakSa kI svatantra evaM jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM kI upalabdhatA ke sandarbha meN| jaina zilpa meM la0 dasavIM zatI I0 se jina mUrti ke sAtha pAramparika evaM svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA nirUpaNa AraMbha ho gyaa| isake udAharaNa mukhya rUpa se uttara pradeza evaM madhya pradeza meM devagar3ha, mathurA, rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU, gyArasapura, khajurAho evaM kucha anya sthaloM se prApta hote haiN| la0 9vIM zatI I0 ke anta taka sarvAnubhUti yakSa evaM aMbikA yakSI kA aMkana hI sarvAdhika lokapriya thA jinheM sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai| 3 __yakSa evaM yakSI kI AkRtiyA~ jina mUrtiyoM ke siMhAsana yA sAmAnya pIThikA para kramazaH dAhine aura bAyeM chora para aMkita hotI haiM / sAmAnyatayA lalitamudrA meM kintu kabhI-kabhI inheM dhyAnamudrA meM AsIna aura
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________________ 152 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana sthAnakamudrA meM khar3A bhI dikhalAyA gayA hai / 6ThI zatI I0 se hI yakSayakSiyoM kI svatantra mUrtiyA~ bhI milane lagatI haiM / yakSa evaM yakSI ke utkIrNana kI dRSTi se bhArata ke vibhinna kSetroM meM alaga-alaga sthiti rahI hai jisakA saMkSepa meM vizleSaNa nimnavat hai / 45 gujarAta - rAjasthAna : isa kSetra meM zvetAmbara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM kI lokapriyatA ke kAraNa yakSa evaM yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bahuta kama banIM / sarvAdhika udAharaNoM meM yakSI aMbikA haiN| aMbikA ke atirikta cakrezvarI, padmAvatI (kumbhAriyA, vimalavasahI ) evaM siddhAyikA kI bhI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / yakSoM meM kevala varuNa, sarvAnubhUti, gomukha evaM pArzva kI hI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / isa kSetra meM sarvAnubhUti evaM aMbikA sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSa- yakSI yugala the jinheM sabhI jinoM ke sAtha nirUpita kiyA gayA / kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM RSabha ( gomukha - cakrezvarI ), pArzva ( pArzva yA dharaNendra - padmAvatI) evaM mahAvIra ( mAtaMga - siddhAyikA ) ke sAtha pAramparika va svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiM / digambara jina mUrtiyoM meM svatantra lakSaNoM vAle pAramparika yakSa aura yakSiyoM ke citraNa adhika lokapriya the / 46 uttara pradeza madhya pradeza : isa kSetra meM la0 7vIM-8vIM zatI I0 meM jina mUrtiyoM meM yakSa-yakSiyoM kA aMkana prArambha huA / isa kSetra kI 10vIM zatI se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI jina mUrtiyoM meM adhikAMzataH pAramparika yA svatantra lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / RSabha, nemi evaM pArzva ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa-yakSI evaM supArzva, candraprabha, zAnti evaM mahAvIra ke sAtha kabhI-kabhI svatantra lakSaNoM vAle kintu apAramparika yakSa-yakSI AmUrtita haiM / anya jinoM ke sAtha adhikAMzataH sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle dvibhuja yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI ke hAthoM meM abhaya ( yA varada )mudrA aura kalaza ( yA phala yA puSpa ) pradarzita haiM / isa kSetra meM aMbikA kI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyA~ milatI haiM / inake atirikta rohiNI, 47 padmAvatI 4 evaM siddhAyikA 49 kI kucha mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiM / yakSoM meM kevala sarvAnubhUti evaM dharaNendra kI hI kucha svatantra mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / 1deg0
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 153 'bihAra-ur3osA-baMgAla : ___ isa kSetra meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke citraNa kI paramparA adhika lokapriya nahIM thii| kevala do udAharaNoM meM yakSa-yakSI nirUpita haiM / 51 ur3IsA meM navamuni evaM bArabhujI guphAoM [11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ] kI kramazaH sAta aura 24 jina mUrtiyoM meM, jinoM ke nIce unakI yakSiyA~ nirUpita haiN| isa kSetra se cakrezvarI va aMbikA kI kucha svatantra mUrtiyA~ bhI milI haiN|52 aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yakSa-yakSI kI sUcI aura unake lakSaNa pUrvaparamparA meM jJAta hone ke bAda bhI kisI vizeSa kAraNa se mahApurANa meM anullakhita rahe / 63 zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita digambara purANoM meM jahA~ 24 yakSa-yakSI kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai vahIM zvetAmbara paramparA ke 63 zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita carita granthoM meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita vivaraNa milate haiM, udAharaNa ke liye hemacandrakRta triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra aura amaracandrasUrikRta padmAnandamahAkAvya dekhe jA sakate haiN| ____ yadyapi AdipurANa yA uttarapurANa meM yakSa-yakSI kA ullekha nahIM hai kintu elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM jaina devakula kI tIna pramukha yakSiyoMcakrezvarI, ambikA aura padmAvatI evaM kubera ( yA sarvAha ) yakSa kI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jo tatkAlIna zilpa paramparA ke anurUpa haiM / elorA kI jaina yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyoM kA svatantra ullekha yahA~ apekSita hai| cakrezvarI: cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA ) prathama tIrthaMkara va RSabhanAtha kI yakSI haiM jinake nirUpaNa meM spaSTataH brAhmaNa dharma kI vaiSNavI kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| digambara paramparA meM cakrezvarI ko cAra aura bAraha bhujAoM vAlA batAyA gayA hai| garuDavAhanA caturbhujA yakSI ke do hAthoM meM cakra aura zeSa do meM mAtRliMga va varadamudrA kA ullekha huA hai| 12 hAthoM vAlI devI ke ATha hAthoM meM cakra, do meM vajra aura do meM mAtuliMga evaM varadamudrA kA ullekha hai / 53 devagar3ha kI caturbhujA cakrezvarI mUrti ke cAroM hAthoM meM cakra aura aise hI mathurA se prApta 10vIM zatI I0 kI dasa hAthoM vAlI mUrti ( mathurA saMgrahAlaya DI0-6 ) meM yakSI ke sabhI hAthoM meM cakra dekhA jA sakatA hai| zAstrIya vivaraNa ke anusAra garuDavAhanA devI ke hAthoM meM cakra ke atirikta gadA, padma aura zaMkha
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________________ 154 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana devagar3ha, khajurAho evaM mathurA Adi sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| elorA meM cakrezvarI kI kula cAra mUrtiyA~ haiM jo svatantra mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM utkIrNa haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ guphA saM0 30 aura 32 meM haiN| guphA saM0 30 kI aSTabhujA yakSI dhyAnamudrA meM virAjamAna hai aura usake avaziSTa karoM meM se tIna meM cakra ( challe ke rUpa meM ), vajra aura zaMkha haiM jabaki do hAthoM se varada aura abhayamudrA vyakta hai| karaNDamukuTa se zobhita cakrezvarI ke zIrSa bhAga meM RSabhanAtha kI laghu mUrti bhI utkIrNa hai| guphA saM0 30 kI dUsarI mati praveza-dvAra ke samIpa utkIrNa hai| isa udAharaNa meM bAraha hAthoM vAlI cakrezvaro dhyAnamudrA meM garuDa (mAnavadehadhArI) para AsIna hai / yakSI ke pA~ca dakSiNa kara khaMDita haiM jabaki eka meM khaDga hai| vAma karoM meM do meM cakra tathA tIna meM padma, zaMkha aura gadA spaSTa haiN| zIrSa bhAga meM pUrvavat tIrthaMkara AkRti ukerI hai| elorA kI guphA saM0 32 ke eka udAharaNa meM caturbhaja cakrezvarI dhyAnamadrA meM baiThI haiM aura unake avaziSTa karoM meM cakra aura vajra spaSTa haiN| dUsarI mUrti prathama tala ke maNDapa meM ukerI hai| isa udAharaNa meM kevala eka hAtha meM vajra hI spaSTa hai| ambikA : ambikA 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kI yakSI hai jisakA vikAsa mAtRpUjana kI prAcIna paramparA aura jaina paramparA kI bahuputrikA yakSI se huaa| digambara paramparA meM siMhavAhanA ambikA ( yA kuSmANDinI) ko do aura cAra hAthoM vAlA nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| kintu lakSaNa kevala do hAthoM ke hI vaNita haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki khajurAho, devagar3ha, mathurA evaM delavAr3A kI kucha caturbhujI mUrtiyoM ko chor3akara ambikA ko sarvadA dvibhujA hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| digambara granthoM ke varNana ke anurUpa ambikA ke eka hAtha meM Amralumbi aura dUsare meM putra (priyaMkaragoda meM AsIna ) dikhAyA gayA hai (citra saM0 23, 24, 25) / ambikA kA dUsarA putra ( zubhaMkara ) bhI devI ke samIpa hI AmUrtita huA hai / 54 elorA meM yakSiyoM meM sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ ambikA kI hI milI haiM jinake kula 18 udAharaNa prApta hue haiM (citra saM0 28) / inameM ambikA kI svatantra mUrtiyoM ke sAtha ho jina-saMyukta mUrtiyA~ bhI haiN| inameM
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 155. ambikA ko neminAtha ke atirikta mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI yakSI ke rUpa meM bhI AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| guphA saM0 30 aura 31 meM eka-eka, guphA saM0 32 meM 12 eva guphA saM0 33 aura 34 meM kramazaH do-do mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM manohArI rUparAzi evaM alaMkaraNoM vAlI ambikA ko dvibhujA aura lalitAsIna dikhAyA gayA hai| ikahare badanavAlI ambikA kI zarIra racanA pUrI taraha anupAtika, madu evaM saMyata hai| dhammilla ke rUpa meM banI unakI kezaracanA bhI cittAkarSaka hai| AmravRkSa ke nIce AsIna ambikA ke dAhine hAtha meM Amralumbi hai jabaki bAyeM hAtha se unheM goda meM AsIna putra ko pakar3e dikhAyA gayA hai| devI ke samIpa hI dUsarA putra bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| guphA saM0 31 aura 32 kI kucha mUrtiyoM meM devI ke samIpa yajJopavIta evaM zmazru se yukta sAdhu kI AkRti bhI ukerI hai jise ambikA ke pUrva janma kI kathA se sandarbhita brAhmaNa pati ( soma ) kA aMkana mAnA jA sakatA hai| kucha udAharaNoM meM isa AkRti ko chatra liye hue dikhAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra elorA meM anyatra kI bhA~ti ambikA ke nirUpaNa meM digambara zilpazAstrIya paramparA kA pAlana kiyA gayA hai jisameM lakSaNa kI dRSTi se ekarUpatA dikhAyI detI hai| padamAvato: padmAvatI pArzvanAtha kI yakSI hai| digambara paramparA meM padmAvatI ko cAra, chaha yA caubIsa hAthoM vAlA batAyA gayA hai| devI yA to padmavAhanA yA kukkuTa ( yA kukkuTa-sarpa) para ArUr3ha nirUpita haiN| caturbhajA yakSI ke tIna hAthoM meM aMkuza, akSasUtra evaM padma tathA SaDbhujA yakSI ke hAthoM meM khaDga, zUla, gadA aura musala kA ullekha milatA hai| 24 hAthoM vAlI yakSI ke karoM meM zaMkha, khaDga, cakra, ardhacandra (bAlendu ), padma, utpala, dhanuSa (zarAsana ), zakti, pAza, aMkuza, ghaNTA, bANa, musala, kheTaka, trizUla, parazu, kunta, bhiNDa, mAlA, phala, gadA, patra, pallava evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza hai / 55 pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM padmAvatI ko adhikAMzataH vAma yA dakSiNa pArzva meM eka lambe chatra se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai jisakA chatra bhAga pArzvanAtha ke sira para chAyA karatA haA rahatA hai (citra 11-15, 17) / devagar3ha, mathurA evaM khajurAho kI digambara mUrtiyoM meM pArzvavartI chatradhAriNI padmAvatI ke atirikta siMhAsana choroM para bhI dharaNendra aura
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________________ 156 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana padmAvatI kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM jinameM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAlI padmAvatI ke hAtho meM sarpa ke atirikta padma, aMkuza, pAza jaise Ayudha pradarzita haiM aura vAhana ke rUpa meM kukkuTa sarpa kA aMkana huA hai jo digambara granthoM ke vivaraNoM ke anurUpa hai| jJAtavya hai ki uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM padmAvatI sarvAdhika lokapriya yakSiyoM meM eka rahI haiN| elorA meM tIrthaMkaroM meM pArzvanAtha kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ ( 30 ) milI haiM / ataH svAbhAvika rUpa se yahA~ padmAvatI kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM paramparAnurUpa chatradhAriNI padmAvatI kI manojJa AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiM (citra 11-16) / sAtha hI padmAvatI kI eka svataMtra mUrti elorA kI guphA saM0 32 meM utkIrNa hai| yaha mUrti indra sabhA ke pUrvI maNDapa meM ukerI hai / ATha hAthoM vAlI yakSI samabhaMga meM dvipadamAsana para khar3I haiM jisake nIce kukkuTasarpa spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai / devI ke avaziSTa karoM meM padma, musala, khaDga, kheTaka aura dhanuSa spaSTa haiM / yakSI ke zIrSa bhAga meM pArzvanAtha kI choTI AkRti bhI ukerI hai| kubera yA sarvAnubhUti yakSa : 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke yakSa ke rUpa meM pratimAzAstrIya granthoM meM trimukha evaM SaDbhuja gomedha yakSa kA ullekha huA hai jisakA vAhana nara yA puSpa batAyA gayA hai| kintu mUrta aMkanoM meM neminAtha ke sAtha sarvadA dhana ke thaile se yukta kubera yA sarvAnubhUti yakSa ko AmUrtita kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM gomedha ke hAthoM meM mudgara ( yA dhana kA thailA yA nakula ), parazu, daNDa, phala, vajra evaM varadamudrA ke pradarzana kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai / 57 kintu devagar3ha, khajurAho, kuMbhAriyA evaM delavAr3A ke svatantra evaM jina saMyukta udAharaNoM meM gajArUr3ha yakSa ko sAmAnyataH dvibhuja aura dhana ke thaile evaM phala se yukta nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara sthaloM kI caturbhuja mUrtiyoM meM do atirikta hAthoM meM pAza aura aMkuza bhI pradarzita haiN| ____ elorA meM kubera yakSa kI 10 se adhika svatantra evaM jina-saMyukta mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha ke atirikta pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI kubera yakSa AkArita hue haiN| elorA kI guphA saM0 31 meM eka, guphA saM0 32 meM sAta aura guphA saM0 33 evaM 34 meM do mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM gajArUr3ha yakSa ko dhaTodara
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 157. aura dvibhuja tathA mukuTa Adi se sajjita dikhAyA gayA hai| kubera ke karoM meM pAtra ( yA phala) evaM dhana kA thailA pradarzita haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNoM meM kubera ke Ayudha khaNDita haiN| guphA saM0 32 ke prathamatala ke maNDapa kI mati meM zIrSa bhAga meM laghu jina AkRti evaM pAzvoM meM gadA aura dhana kA thailA lie do sevaka AkRtiyA~ bhI rUpAyita haiN| vidyAdeviyAM : vidyAoM ke nAmoM evaM lAkSaNika svarUpoM kI carcA prArambhika granthoM meM milatI hai| kintu jaina zilpa meM inakA aMkana 8vIM-9vIM zatI I0 se hI prApta hotA hai / Agama granthoM meM vidyAoM kA AcaraNa jaina AcAryoM ke liye varjita thA, parantu kAlAntara meM vidyAdeviyA~ jaina grantha evaM zilpa kI sarvAdhika lokapriya viSayavastu bana gayIM / jaina paramparA meM ina vidyAoM kI saMkhyA 48 hajAra taka batAyI gayI hai|58 ___ bauddha evaM jaina sAhitya buddha evaM mahAvIra ke samaya meM jAdU, camatkAra, mantroM evaM vidyAoM kA ullekha karate haiM / 59 aupapAtikasUtra ke anusAra mahAvIra ke anuyAyI theroM (sthaviroM) ko vijjA (vidyA) aura maMta ( mantra ) kA jJAna thaa|60 isI prakAra nAyAdhammakahAo meM bhI mahAvora ke pramakha ziSya sudharmA ko mantra evaM vidyA kA jJAtA batAyA gayA hai|61 sthAnAMgasUtra62 meM jAMgoli evaM mAtaMga tathA sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 3 meM vaitAlI, ardhavaitAlI, avasvapanI, tAludhdhAdaNI, zvApAkI, sovArI, kaliMgI, gaurI, gAndhArI, avedanI, utpatanI evaM staMbhinI Adi vidyAoM ke ullekha haiM / inameM se gaurI evaM gAndhArI ko kAlAntara meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| paumariya vidyAdeviyoM ke prArambhika vikAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| isameM vibhinna sthaloM para prajJapti, kaumArI, ladhimA, vajrodarI, varuNI, vijayA, jayA, vArAhI, kauberI, yogezvarI, caNDAlI, zaMkarI, bahurUpA tathA sarvakAmA vidyAoM kA nAmollekha huA hai|34 eka sthala para mahAlocana deva dvArA padma ( rAma ) ko siMhavAhinI evaM lakSmaNa ko garuDAvidyA diye jAne kA ullekha AyA hai|5 jinase kAlAntara meM garuDavAhinI, apraticakrA aura siMhavAhinI, mahAmAnasI mahAvidyAoM kI dhAraNA kA vikAsa huaa| eka sthala para RSabhadeva ke pautra nami aura vinami ko dharaNendra dvArA bala evaM samRddhi kI aneka vidyAe~ pradAna kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| isa grantha meM rAma, lakSmaNa,.
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________________ 158: jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana rAvaNa, kumbhakarNa, vibhISaNa Adi dvArA aneka prakAra kI vidyAoM ko siddha karane kI bhI carcA milatI haiN| eka anya sthala para rAvaNa dvArA zAntinAtha ke mandira meM bahurUpA (yA bahurUpiNI ) mahAvidyA ko siddha karane evaM isa vidyA dvArA rAvaNa ke triloka sAdhya hone kA ullekha huA hai|67 paumacariya meM eka sthala para rAvaNa dvArA siddha aneka vidyAoM meM se 55 vidyAoM kI sUcI bhI dI gayI hai| paumacariya meM ullikhita vidyAdeviyoM kA kAlAntara meM la0 8vIM9vIM zatI I0 meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI ke nirdhAraNa kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki jainadharma meM vidyAdeviyoM kI kalpanA yakSa-yakSI yugaloM (yA zAsana devatAoM) se prAcIna hai| isI kAraNa digambara paramparA ke 24 yakSiyoM meM adhikAMza jaise-rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, puruSadattA, kAlI, jvAlAmAlinI, mahAkAlI, vairoTyA, mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI yakSiyoM ke nAma pUrvavartI mahAvidyAoM ke nAmoM se prabhAvita haiN| isake atirikta paumacariya kI vidyAdeviyoM kI sUcI meM prajJapti, garuDa, siMhavAhinI, dahanIya (yA agnistaMbhanI), zaMkarI, yogezvarI, bhujaMginI, sarvarohiNI, vajrodayI jaise nAma aise haiM jinheM kAlAntara meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI meM yA to usI rUpa meM yA thor3e bahuta parivartana ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA gayA / 70 / _ vidyAdeviyoM se sambandhita aneka ullekha vasudevahiNDI (la0 chaThI zatI I0), AvayakacUNi ( la0 677 I0), Avazyakaniyukti (8vIM zatI I0 ), harivaMzapurANa, caupannamahApurisacariyam ( 868 I0) evaM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM milate haiN| harivaMzapurANa 1 evaM triSaSTizalAkApUruSacaritra72 meM ullekha hai ki dharaNa ne nami aura vinami ko vidyAdharoM para svAmitva aura 48 hajAra vidyAoM kA varadAna diyaa| harivaMzapurANa meM prajJapti, rohiNI, aMgAriNI, mahAgaurI, gaurI, sarvavidyAprakarSiNI, mahAzvetA, mAyUrI, hArI, nirvajJazADvalA, tiraskAriNI, chAyAsaMkrAmiNI, kuSmANDa, gaNamAtA, sarvavidyAvirAjitA, AryakUSmANDa devI, acyutA, AryavatI, gAndhArI, nirvRtti, daNDAdhyakSagaNa, daNDa-bhUtasahasraka, bhadrakAlI, mahAkAlI, kAlI evaM kAlamukhI Adi vidyAoM ke nAmollekha hue haiN|73 vasudevahiNDI meM vidyAoM ko gandharvo evaM pannagoM se sambaddha batAyA gayA hai aura mahArohiNI, prajJapti, gaurI, mahAjvAlA, bahurUpA,
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM bidyAdevI : 159 vidyunmukhI evaM veyAla Adi vidyAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AvazyakacUNi evaM Avazyakaniyukti meM gaurI, gAndhArI, rohiNI aura prajJapti kA pramukha vidyAoM ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 74 padmacarita ( raviSNakRta-676 I0 ) meM bhI nami-vinami kI kathA evaM prajJapti vidyA kA ullekha hai| caturviMzatikA ( bappabhaTTasUrikRta-743-838 I0 ) meM 24 jinoM ke sAtha 24 yakSiyoM ke sthAna para mahAvidyAoM 75 vAgdevI evaM kucha yakSiyoM tathA anya devoM ke ullekha haiN| guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa meM prajJapti, kAmarUpiNI, agnistambhinI, udakastambhinI, vizvapravezinI, apratighAtagAminI, AkAzagAmino, utpAdinI, vazIkaraNI, dazamI, AvezanI, mAnanIyaprasthApinI, pramohinI, praharaNI, saMkrAmaNI, AvartanI, saMgrahaNI, aMjanI, vipATinI, prAvartanI, pramodinI, prahApaNI, prabhAvatI, pralApinI, nikSepaNI, zarbarI, cANDAlI, mAtaMgI, gaurI, SaDaMgikA, zrImatkanyA, zatasaMkulA, kubhANDI, viralabegikA, rohiNI, manovegA, caNDavegA, capalavegA, laghukaro, parNalaghu, begAvatI, zItadA, uSNadA, betAlI, mahAjvAlA, sarvavidyAchedinI, yuddhavIryA, bandhumocanI, prahArAvaraNI, bhrAmarI tathA abhoginI vidyAoM ke nAmollekha haiN|76 uttarapurANa meM hI eka anya sthala para lakSmaNa dvArA sAta dinoM taka nirAhAra vrata rakhakara jagatpAda parvata para prajJapti nAmaka vidyA kI siddhi kA ullekha AyA hai| eka anya sthala para ullekha hai ki hanumAna ne apanI mahAjvAlA nAmaka vidyA se rAvaNa kI laMkA nagarI ke rakSakoM va senA ko bhasma kara diyaa| isI prakAra eka anya sthala para sugrIva va hanumAna dvArA garuDavAhinI, siMhavAhinI, bandhamocinI aura hananavaraNI nAmaka cAra vidyAe~ rAma va lakSmaNa ko diye jAne kA bhI ullekha mahattvapUrNa hai / 79 siMhavAhinI va garuDavAhinI vidyAoM dvArA nirmita AkAzagAmI siMha tathA garuDa para ArUr3ha hokara rAma aura lakSmaNa rAvaNa se yuddha karane ke liye udyata hue / mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta-10vIM zatI I0) evaM uttarapurANa (guNabhadrakRta) meM ullakhita uparokta vidyAoM ke atirikta jalastambhinI, bandhinI, andhIkariNI, prahArAvaraNI, AvezinI, apratigAminI, vividhapralayinI, pAzavimocinI, grahanirodhinI, balanikSepiNI, caNDaprabhAvinI, mohinI, jambhanI, pAtanI, prabhAvatI, praviralagati,
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________________ 160 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana bhImAvartanI, prabalapravartanI, laghukAriNI, bhUmividAraNI, agnivegA, bahulepinI, zatrunivAriNI, akSarasaMkulA, duSTagalazRMkhalA, mAyAbahnI, parNalaghvI, himavetAlI, zikhIvetAlI, calacANDAlI evaM bhramarazyAmAMgI nAmaka vidyAoM ke bhI ullekha milate hai| 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI la0 9vIM zatI I0 ke anta taka nizcita huI / inameM adhikAMzataH pUrvavartI granthoM meM ullakhita vidyAe~ hI sammilita haiN| tijayapahutta ( mAnavadevasUrikRta-9vIM zatI I0), saMhitAsAra (indranandikRta-939 I0 ) evaM stuticaturviMzatikA ( yA zobhanastutizobhanamanikRta-la0 973 I0 ) meM 16 mahAvidyAoM kI prArambhika sUcI varNita hai jise bAda meM usI rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai / 2 16 mahAvidyAoM kI antima sUcI meM nimnalikhita nAma haiM-rohiNI, prajJapti, vajrazRMkhalA, vajrAMkuzA, cakrezvarI ( yA apraticakrA, jAmbunadAdigambara), naradattA ( yA puruSadattA), kAlI ( yA kAlikA ), mahAkAlI, gaurI, gAndhArI, sastri-mahAjvAlA ( yA jvAlA, jvAlAmAlinI-digambara), mAnavI, vairoTyA ( vairoTI-digambara), acchuptA ( acyutA-digambara ), mAnasI evaM mahAmAnasI / 3 jJAtavya hai ki prastuta sUcI kI rohiNI, prajJapti, garuDavAhanA ( apraticakrA), siMhavAhinI ( mahAmAnasI), mahAjvAlA, gaurI, manovegA, mahAvidyAoM ke nAmollekha uttarapurANa (guNabhadrakRta) meM milate haiM / kintu uttarapurANa meM ina vidyAoM ke lakSaNoM kA koI ullekha nahIM huA hai| kevala garuDavAhanA aura siMhavAhinI ke rUpa meM apraticakrA evaM mahAmAnasI ke vAhanoM kA hI saMketa diyA gayA hai| mahAvidyAoM ke lAkSaNika svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa sarvaprathama bappabhaTTi kI caturviMzatikA evaM zobhanamuni kI stuticaturvizatikA meM kiyA gayA hai| __ jaina zilpa meM la0 8vIM-9vIM zatI I0 se mahAvidyAoM kA rUpAyana milane lagatA hai| mahAvidyAoM ke svatantra utkIrNana kA prAcInatama udAharaNa osiyA~ (jodhapura, rAjasthAna) ke mahAvIra mandira (la0 8vIM-9vIM zatI I0 ) se prApta hotA hai| 9vIM zatI I0 ke bAda gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM para mahAvidyAoM kA niyamita citraNa milatA hai| gujarAta va rAjasthAna ke bAhara inakA ukerana lokapriya nahIM thaa| 4 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika citraNa ke udAharaNa kumbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) ke zAntinAtha mandira (11vIM zatI I0), vimalavasahI (do samUha : raMgamaNDapa evaM devakulikA 41, 12vI.
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI : 161 zatI I0 ) evaM lUNavasahI ( raMgamaNDapa, 1332-40 I0 ) se prApta hote haiM (citra 32-34 ) / 5 digambara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM ke mUrta udAharaNoM kA na milanA sarvathA Azcaryajanaka hai| digambara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke aMkana kI paramparA na hone ke kAraNa hI elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM bhI mahAvidyA mUrti kA koI udAharaNa nahIM milA hai| digambara sthaloM para mahAvidyAoM ke sthAna para yakSiyoM kA aMkana lokapriya thA / sambhava hai tAntrika deviyA~ hone ke kAraNa hI inheM elorA evaM anya digambara sthaloM para AmUrtita nahIM kiyA gayA / pAda-TippaNI 1. yU0 po0 zAha, jaina rupamaNDana, pR0 205-206 / 2. vahIM, pR0 205 / 3. kumArasvAmI, yakSaja, bhAga-1, dillI 1971 (pu0 mu0), pR0 36-37 / 4. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 34 / 5. kumArasvAmI, pU0 ni0, pR0 11, 28 / 6. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 3.14-18 / 7. harivaMzapurANa 66.43-44; pravacanasAroddhAra ( bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya, di ___ jaina AikanogrAphI. lAhaura, 1939, pR092 ) / 8. AcAradinakara, pratiSThAkalpa, pR0 13 ( bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya, pU0 ni0, pR0 92-93) / 9. bI0 sI0 bhaTTAcArya, pR0 ni0, pR0 93 / 10. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 154 / 11. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 155 / 12. harivaMzapurANa 66.45 / 13. AdipurANa 23.48; yU0 pI0 zAha, 'yakSaja vazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', ___ ja0 o0 I0, khaNDa-3, aM0 1, pR0 60-64 / 14. bhagavatIsUtra 3.7.168; kumArasvAmI, pU0 ni0, pR0 10-11 / 15. tattvArthasUtra, saM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, banArasa 1952, pR0 119 / 16. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pU0 62-63 / 17. AgamagranthoM meM kahIM bhI mahAvIra dvArA jinamUrti ke pUjana yA jinamaMdira meM vizrAma kA ullekha nahIM milatA-yU0 pI0 zAha, 'biginiMgsa oNva jainaAikanogrAphI', 'saM0pu0pa0, aM0 9, pR0 2 /
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________________ 162 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 18. ya0 pI0 zAha, 'yakSaja vaziMpa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', pR0 60-61; jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 208 / 19. aMtagaDdasAo, pR0 1, pA0 Ti0 2 / 20. aupapAtika sUtra 2 / 21. piNDaniyukti 5.245 / 22. paumacariya 67.28-49 / 23. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 61, 208 / 24. bhagavatIsUtra 18.26, 10.5 / 25. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'yakSaja vazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', pR0 61-62 / 26. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 155 / 27. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'inTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina vazipa' / / ___ pro0 TrA0 o0 kA0, 20vA adhivezana, bhuvanezvara 1959, pR0 147 / 28. tiloyapaNNatti 4.934-936 / 29. pravacanasAroddhAra 375-78 / 30. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pu0 58 / 31. yU0pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 58 / 32. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'inTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varzipa,' pro0 TrA0 o0 kA0, 20vA adhivezana 1959, pR0 141-43 / 33. yU0 pI0 zAha, akoTA bonjeja, bambaI 1959, pR0 28-29, phalaka 10-11 / 34, yU0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI di yakSI Ava RSabhanAtha', ja0 o0 i0, khaNDa-2, aM0 3, pR0 306 / 35. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 39, 157 / 36. vahI, pR0 157 / 37. vhii| 38. vhii| 39. zvetAmbara paramparA meM Izvara aura yakSezvara tathA digambara paramparA meM kevala yakSezvara nAma se ullekha hai| 40. pravacanasAroddhAra meM yakSa kA nAma vAmana hai| 41. zvetAmbara granthoM meM ise kAlI bhI kahA gayA hai / 42. zvetAmbara granthoM meM yakSiyoM ke nAmoM meM bhinnatA hai jabaki digambara granthoM meM inake nAmoM meM ekarUpatA hai /
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________________ yakSa-yakSI evaM vidyAdevI :: 163 43. yU0 pI0 zAha, jana rUpamaNDana, pR0 213 / 44. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 155 / 45. yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyoM kA kSetrIya AdhAra para varNana mukhyataH mArutinandana tivArI kI pustaka jaina pratimAvijJAna (pR0 159-60 ) para AdhArita 46. vahI, pR0 159 / 47. devagar3ha evaM gyArasapura ( mAlAdevI mandira ) / 48. khajurAho, devagar3ha, mathurA va zahaDola / 49. khajurAho evaM devagar3ha / 50. khajurAho, devagar3ha evaM gyArasapura ( mAlAdevI mandira ) / 51. eka mUrti bihAra aura baMgAla se milI hai| 52. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 160 / 53. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.15-16 evaM pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.156, pR0 166 / 54. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 222-23; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.64, 66; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.176 / 55. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 235-36; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.67 79, pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.174 / 56. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 237-40 / 57. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 218-19; pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 5.65; pratiSThAsAroddhAra 3.150 / 58. ya0 pI0 zAha, 'AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAja', ja0 I0 so0 o0 A0, khaNDa-15, pR0 114-117 / 59. vahI, pR0 114 / 60. aupapAtikasUtra 16 / 61. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 36 / 62. sthAnAMgasUtra 8.3.611, 9.3.678 / 63. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 2.2.15 / 64. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0ni0, pR0 117 / 65. paumacariya 59.83-84 / 66. paumacariya 3.144-149 / 67. paumacariya 109.3 / 68. paumacariya 7.135-142 /
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________________ 164 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 69. mArutinandana tivArI evaM kamalagiri, 'vimalasUrikRta paumacariya meM pratimAvijJAnaparaka sAmagrI', paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha I, vArANasI 1971, pR0 157 / 70. vhii| 71. harivaMzapurANa 22.54-73 / 72. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.3.124-226 / 73. harivaMzapurANa 22.61-66 / 74. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 116-17 / 75. yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke sthAna para mahAvidyAoM kA nirUpaNa isa ora saMketa detA hai ki 16 mahAvidyAoM kI sUcI 24 yakSa-yakSiyoM kI apekSA kucha prAcIna tho| digambara paramparA meM adhikAMza yakSiyoM ke nAma bhI mahA vidyAoM se grahaNa kiye gaye / 76. uttarapurANa 62.387-401, 411 / 77. uttarapurANa 68.468-469 / 78. uttarapurANa 68.513-514 / 79. uttarapurANa 68.520-521; mahApurANa (puSpadatankRta ) 7.4 / 80. uttarapurANa 68.618-619 / 81. mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ) 61.1 / 82. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 119-20 / 83. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 41 / 84. gujarAta va rAjasthAna ke bAhara 16 mahAvidyAoM ke sAmUhika zilpAMkana __ kA ekamAtra sambhAvita udAharaNa khajurAho ke AdinAtha mandira ( 11vIM zatI I0 ) ke maNDovara para dekhA jA sakatA hai ( citra 35, 36 ) / mArutinandana tivArI, 'di AikanogrAphI oNva di siksaTIna jaina mahAvidyAz2a aija DipikTeDa ina di zAntinAtha Tempala, kumbhAriyA', sambodhi, khaNDa-2, aM0 3, pR0 15-22 / 85
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________________ SaSTha adhyAya anya devI-devatA Agama granthoM meM jaina devatAoM ko cAra pramukha vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-bhavanavAsI ( eka sthala para nivAsa karane vAle ), vyantara yA vANamantara ( bhramaNazIla), jyotiSka ( AkAzIya nakSatra se sambandhita ) tathA vaimAnika yA vimAnavAsI (svarga ke deva ) / ' pahale varga meM 10, dUsare meM 8, tIsare meM 5 tathA cauthe meM 20 devatAoM ke nAma milate haiM / devatAoM kA yaha vibhAjana nirantara mAnya rahA tathA zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ne jaina devakula ke isa vargIkaraNa ko sAmAnya rUpa se svIkAra kiyaa| AdipurANa meM bhI kalpavAsI, jyotiSka, vyaMtara tathA bhavanavAsI devoM ke cAra vargoM kA varNana milatA hai / puSpadanta ne mahApurANa meM bhavanavAsI varga meM dasa, vyantara meM ATha, jyotiSka meM pA~ca tathA kalpavAsI varga meM solaha prakAra ke devoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| bhavanavAsI deva: bhavanavAsI devoM ke kula sAta karoDa, bahattara lAkha bhavana haiN| inheM nAnA prakAra kA zarIra dhAraNa karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai|6 bhavanavAsI devoM kA nivAsa ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM uttara aura dakSiNa kI ora batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM bhavanavAsI devoM ke antargata asura, nAga, suvarNa, dvIpa, udadhi, stanita, vidyuta, dikkUmAra, agni tathA vAyukumAra deva Ate haiN| ina sabhI devoM ke apane kucha cihna hote haiM jo unake mukuTa ke agrabhAga para aMkita hote haiN| donoM paramparAoM meM ina cihnoM ke sandarbha meM paryApta bhinnatA milatI hai jise nimna tAlikA dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai
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________________ 166 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana bhavanavAsI deva digambara va zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra' : varga mukuTa para cihna ( zvetAmbara ) cUr3AmaNi 1- asurakumAra 2- nAgakumAra 3 - suparNakumAra 4- dvIpakumAra 5 - udadhikumAra 6- stanitakumAra 7- vidyutakumAra 8- dikkumAra 9- agnikumAra mukuTa para cihna ( digambara ) cUr3AmaNi sarpa cIla gaja ghar3iyAla svastika vajra siMha kalaza 10 - vAyukumAra azva zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra sabhI asurakumAra deva kAle varNa ke hote haiM, unake hoMTha lAla, dA~ta zveta tathA keza kAle hote haiM / unake bAyeM kAna meM kuNDala tathA zarIra candana ke lepa se AcchAdita hotA hai / ve lAla vastra dhAraNa karate haiM evaM sadaiva sundara aura yauvanapUrNa hote haiM / unakA vakSa maNiratna hAroM se tathA keza aneka AbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita rahatA hai / unakI dasoM a~guliyoM meM mudrikA va mukuTa para cUr3AmaNi hotA hai / 10 vyantara deva : sarpa cIla siMha azva vardhamAnaka vajra gaja vyantara devoM ko donoM paramparAoM meM ATha pramukha vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai tathA inakA nivAsa ratnaprabhA pRthvI meM mAnA gayA hai / ye kramazaH pizAca, bhUta, yakSa, rAkSasa, kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga tathA gandharva haiM 119 digambara paramparA ke anusAra pizAca ko punaH 14 vargoMkuSmANDA, yakSa, rAkSasa, samoha, tAraka, asusinAmaka, kAla, mahAkAla, suci, satAlaka, deha, mahAdeha, tuSNika tathA pravacana; bhUta ko 7 svarUpoMpratirUpa, bhUtottama, mahAbhUta, praticanna tathA AkAzabhUta 12, yakSa ko 12maNibhadra, pUrNabhadra, zailabhadra, manobhadra, bhadraka, subhadra, zarvabhadra, mAnuSa, dhanapAla, sarUpa, yakSottama tathA manoharaNa; rAkSasa ko 7 - bhIma, mahAbhIma, vinAyaka, udaka, rAkSasa, rAkSasa- rAkSasa tathA brahmarAkSasa, kinnara ke 9 - kinnara, kimpuruSa, hRdayaMgama, rUpapAli, kinnara - kinnara, anindita, manorama, kinnarottama tathA ratipriya; 14; kimpuruSa ko 10 - puruSa, 93 jalapAtra makara --
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 167 puruSottama, satpuruSa, mahApuruSa, puruSaprabha, atipuruSa, maru, marudeva, maruprabha tathA yazasvAna; mahoraga ko 10-bhujaga, bhujaMgazAli, mahAtanu, atikAya, skaMdhazAli, manohara, aznijava, mahezvara, gaMbhIra tathA priyadarzana evaM gandharva5 ko 60-hAhA, haha, nArada, tumbara, vAsava, kadamba, mahAsvara, gItarati, gItarasa va vajravAna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 10 __ donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra vyantara devoM ke antargata Ane vAle pizAca deva kAle varNa ke kintu dekhane meM sundara tathA vibhinna prakAra ke ratnoM ke AbhUSaNoM se susajjita hote haiN| kAla va mahAkAla inake do indra haiN| ___ donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra bhUta varga ke sabhI devoM kA varNa kAlA hai| yakSa kAle varNa ke, sudarzana, kirITamukuTa tathA anya AbhUSaNoM se sajjita hote haiN| pUrNabhadra tathA maNibhadra yakSa inake do pramukha indra haiN| jJAtavya hai ki pUrNabhadra evaM maNibhadra jaina paramparA ke prAcInatama yakSa haiM jinase kAlAntara meM kubera yA sarvAnubhUti yakSa kA vikAsa huA hai / rAkSasa varga ke deva kAle varNa ke, suvarNa ke AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta tathA bhayaMkara darzana vAle hote haiM / inake indra bhIma va mahAbhIma haiM / 17 donoM hI paramparAoM meM kinnara varga ke devoM ko sudarzana aura zyAma varNa batAyA gayA hai / mukuTadhArI kinnaroM kI dhvajA para azoka vRkSa cihnita hotA hai|18 kimpuruSa zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra zvetavarNa ke hote haiM tathA inake hAtha va paira dekhane meM sundara hote haiN| ye vibhinna AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate haiM tathA caMdana se apane Upara aneka cihna aMkita karate haiM / ____ mahoraga varga ke deva kAle varNa ke hote haiN| digambara paraMparA ke anusAre nAgavRkSa unakA caitya vRkSa hai aura zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra unake Age nAga kA cihna hotA hai / 20 digambara parapaMrA ke anusAra gandharva ke deva suvarNa varNa ke tathA zvetAmbara ke anusAra kAle varNa ke hote haiM / ye dekhane meM sundara tathA mukuTa va hAra se sajjita hote haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra tumbarU unakA cihna hai| devatAoM ke caturvarga kI uparyukta sUcI se spaSTa hai ki lokapUjana se sambandhita yakSa, nAga Adi tathA gaMdharva-kinnara jaise devatAoM ko bhI jaina devakula meM sammAnajanaka sthAna diyA gyaa| khajurAho, devagar3ha, kuMbhAriyA, delavAr3A evaM elorA jaise sthaloM para yakSoM, nAgoM, gandharvo, kinnaroM Adi kA bahutAyata se aMkana huA hai|
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________________ 168 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi tathA lakSmI ko pramukha vyantara deviyoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai aura inakA nivAsa padma, mahApadma, tiMgacha, kesarI, mahApuNDarIka tathA puNDarIka nAmaka hRdoM meM mAnA gayA hai| ina sabhI vyantara deviyoM kA ullekha jinamAtA kI vibhinna prakAra se sevA karane ke saMdarbha meM AtA hai / 21 puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa meM yakSezvarI, citravegA, dhanavatI tathA dhanazrI nAmaka vyantara deviyoM kA ullekha AyA hai / 22 jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara evaM digambara sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke janmakalyANaka ke prasaMga meM kalaza evaM cAmaradhArI vyantara deviyoM kA aMkana huA hai / jyotiSka deva : donoM hI paramparAoM ke anusAra jyotiSka deva ko kramazaH sUrya, candra, graha, nakSatra tathA tArA ina pramukha pA~ca vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 23 inakA vAsa AkAza meM 790 yojana kI U~cAI para mAnA gayA hai| tathA ye manuSya loka ke Upara vicaraNa karate haiM / 24 hemacandra ke anusAra jyotiSka varga ke sabhI deva ratnaprabhA pRthvI ke Upara nivAsa karate haiM / 25 pratyeka candramA ke 88 graha hote haiM tathA nakSatroM kI saMkhyA 28 hai | navagrahoM ko jaina zilpa meM jina - pratimAoM kI pIThikAoM para lagabhaga sabhI sthaloM para utkIrNa kiyA gayA | 26 vaimAnika deva : Urdhvaloka meM sthita vibhinna kalpoM meM nivAsa karane vAle vaimAnika devoM ko kalpadeva bhI kahA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina devoM kI saMkhyA 12 hai jo kramazaH saudharma, IzAna, sanatkumAra, mAhendra brahmaloka, lAntaka, mahAzukra, sahastrAra, Anat, prANat, AraNa aura acyuta haiM / 27 loka evaM brAhmaNa paramparA ke devI-devatA : jaina granthoM meM aise aneka devoM ke bhI ullekha milate haiM jinakI pUjA loka paramparA meM pracalita thI aura jo brAhmaNa evaM bauddha dharmoM meM bhI sAmAnyarUpa se lokapriya the / 2 inameM indra, rudra, ziva, skanda, mukunda, vAsudeva, nArada, vaizramaNa (yA kubera), gandharva, pitara, nAga, bhUta, pizAca, lokapAla (soma, yama, varuNa, kubera), agnideva, brahmA, viSNu, vAmanadeva, narasiMha, kAmadeva, nakSatra, sUrya evaM tithi devoM tathA zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, ajjA (pArvatI yA AryA yA caNDikA), koTTakiriyA (mahiSA
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________________ anya devI-devatAH 169 suravadhikA), viMdhyavAsinI devI, gaMgA va siMdhu devI tathA sarasvatI Adi deviyA~ pramukha haiN|29 indra : Agama tathA paravartI granthoM meM aneka sthaloM para indra kA ullekha milatA hai / jaina paramparA meM indra3deg ko jinoM kA pradhAna sevaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM evaM samavasaraNa racanA ke sandarbha meM inakA ullekha AtA hai / pratyeka jina ke samavasaraNa meM indra hI zAsanadevatA ke rUpa meM yakSa aura yakSI kI niyukti karate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM inake zakra nAma ke atirikta AkhaNDala, vajrina, purandara, vajramata jaise 42 nAmoM kA ullekha hai tathA inakI patnI ke zacI, indrANI, paulobhI, jayavAhinI Adi nAma batAye gaye haiN|31 sthAnAMgasUtra meM nAmendra, sthApanendra, dravyendra, jJAnendra, darzanendra, devendra, asurendra tathA manuSyendra Adi kaI indroM kA tathA jinoM ke janma, dIkSA aura kaivalya prApti ke avasaroM para devendra ke zIghratA se pRthvI para Ane kA ullekha hai / 32 kalpasUtra meM vajra dhAraNa karane vAle aura airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha zakra kA devatAoM ke rAjA ke rUpa meM tathA paumacariya meM indra dvArA jinoM ke janma, abhiSeka aura samavasaraNa ke nirmANa ke ullekha haiN|33 anya sthaloM para indra ko airAvata gaja para ArUr3ha, asura vijetA,34 sahasrAkSa tathA vajrapANi36 kahA gayA hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANakoM ke sandarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se saudharma indra kA hI ullekha AtA hai| puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM indra ko aneka mukhoM tathA netroM vAlA batAyA gayA hai|37 eka anya sthala para saudharmendra ko hajAra netroM va bAhuoM vAlA kahA gayA hai| inheM vajra liye huye IzAna svarga kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai / indra kA vAhana gaja, vRSabha tathA vimAna mAnA gayA hai| mahApurANa meM aneka sandarbho meM indra kA ullekha haA hai / indra kA ullekha nagara ke pramukha racanAkAra ke rUpa meM bhI AtA hai jisakA udAharaNa indra dvArA RSabhadeva ke mAtA-pitA, marudevI va nAbhirAja ke rahane ke liye ayodhyA nAmaka nagarI kI racanA hai| indra kI AjJA se hI kubera dvArA ratnoM kI varSA karane kA ullekha milatA hai| indra ko devoM kA adhipati va sahastrAkSa (hajAra netroM vAlA) kahA gayA hai|39 sabhI svarga ke alaga-alaga jaise-saudharma svarga ke saudharmendra tathA aizAna svarga ke aizAna indra Adi kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| inheM airAvata
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________________ 170 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana gaja para ArUr3ha batAyA gayA hai / 40 anya devoM meM na pAye jAne vAle aNimA- mahimA Adi guNoM se jo parama aizvarya ko prApta hoM, unheM indra kahA gayA hai / 41 indra ko sAta prakAra ke devoM - sAmanikadeva. trAyastrazadeva, pAriSada, AtmarakSa, lokapAla, anIka tathA prakIrNaka se ghirA huA batAyA gayA hai / AdipurANa meM 32 pramukha indroM kA ullekha milatA: hai kintu unake nAmoM kI sUcI nahIM dI gayI hai / inameM 10 bhavanavAsI varga ke, 8 vyantara varga ke, 2 jyotiSI varga ke tathA 12 kalpavAsI vargaM ke indra haiM / 42 RSabhadeva ke janma ke avasara para indra dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke 'nRtya va nATaka karane kA bhI ullekha hai jo apsarAdi dvArA indra ke darabAra meM nRtya-saMgIta ke kAryakramoM se sambandhita hai | tIrthaMkaroM ke janmAbhiSeka para indra dvArA 32 prakAra ke nRtya karane kA ullekha huA hai kintu jaina mandiroM meM indra ke ina nRtyoM kA aMkana kaThinAI se kahIM-kahIM prApta hotA hai / vimalavasahI ( mAuNTa AbU) meM cAra bhujAoM vAlI indra kI nRtyarata mUrti kA aMkana milatA hai / 44 nirvANa ke bAda tIrthaMkara kI antyeSTi ke liye saudharmendra ke Ane kA ullekha milatA hai / 45 43 yU0 pI0 zAha ne zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM ke AdhAra para 64 indroM kI sUcI unakI pratimAlAkSaNika vizeSatAoM ke sAtha prastuta kI hai jo mukhyarUpa se AcAradinakara para AdhArita hai / yadyapi pratiSThAsAroddhAra evaM pratiSThAtilaka meM bhI indroM kA ullekha hai kintu usake sabhI dhyAnazlokoM meM unakI pratimAlAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ nahIM dI gayI haiM / 46 isa prakAra indra kA vAhana gaja tathA mukhya Ayudha vajra aura aMkuza haiN| osiyA~, delavAr3A, kumbhAriyA, khajurAho evaM anya sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dRzyoM ke prasaMga meM indra kA anekazaH zilpAMkana huA hai jinameM indra adhikAMzataH cAmara yA kalazadhArI aura janmakalyANaka ke prasaMga meM zizu jina ko goda meM liye, dIkSAkalyANaka ke prasaMga meM luMcita keza liye tathA samavasaraNa meM prathama dharmadezanA ke avasara para upasthita dikhAye gaye haiM / nADola (pAlI, rAjasthAna) ke neminAtha: mandira evaM kumbhAriyA ke kucha udAharaNoM meM bAlaka ( jina) ko goda meM liye indra caturbhuja haiM / indra ke do hAtha goda meM haiM tathA anya do hAthoM meM aMkuza tathA vajra haiM / 47 isake atirikta jaina mandiroM para sarvatra aSTa
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 171 dikpAla samaha meM bhI indra kA rUpAyana huA hai jinameM gajavAhana vAle caturbhuja indra sAmAnyataH tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake karoM meM vajra evaM aMkuza ke atirikta abhaya yA varadamudrA tathA phala (yA kalaza yA padma) pradarzita haiM / rudra : 11 rudroM kI parikalpanA jaina dharma meM paravartIkAlIna hai kintu cUrNI graMthoM yA digambara lekhaka jaTAsiMha nandi ne inakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / Arambha meM jaina mandiroM va jainadharma meM inakA koI astitva nahIM thA / jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ko zaiva matAvalambiyoM ke samakSa, vizeSakara dakSiNa meM upasthita hone ke liye tathA unheM vizvasta karane ke liye, jaina sAhitya meM 11 rudroM kI sUcI prastuta karanA Avazyaka ho gayA / inakA prArambhika svarUpa zUlapANi kI paurANika kathA para AdhArita thA / Age calakara 11 rudroM kI kalpanA satyakI kI kathA para AdhArita huI | ekAdaza rudroM kI kalpanA spaSTataH brAhmaNa paramparA se prabhAvita hai / 11 rudra vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke samakAlIna batAye gaye haiM / prathama rudra bhImabAli RSabhadeva, jitazatru ajitanAtha, vizAlanayana (yA vizvAhara)suvidhinAtha, zItalanAtha, supratiSTha- zreyAMsanAtha, acala-vAsupUjya, puNDarIka - vimalanAtha, ajitanadhara - anantanAtha, ajitanAbhi-dharmanAtha, pITha - zAntinAtha evaM satyakIputra - mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the / 49 zvetAmbara paramparA meM kramazaH bhImAvalI, jitazatru, vizvAhala, supratiSTha, acala, puNDarIka, ajitadhara, ajitanAtha, per3hAla aura satyakIsuta nAmaka rudroM kA ullekha hai / 50 rudra ko vibhinna vidyAoM meM pAraMgata mAnA gayA hai / satyakIsuta kA ullekha ziva athavA mahezvara ke rUpa meM bhI AyA hai / isa sandarbha meM kathA hai-vidyA mahArohiNI satyakIsuta ke mastaka para eka chidra banAkara usI ke dvArA usake zarIra meM praveza kara gyii| Age calakara yahI chidra tIsare netra ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gayA / 11 yaha kathA punaH ekAdaza rudroM kI kalpanA ke ziva se sambandhita hone kA bhAva vyakta karatI hai / ziva : ziva brAhmaNa dharma ke prabhAvazAlI devatA haiM jinheM jaina devakula meM kaI . rUpoM evaM nAmoM sahita grahaNa kiyA gayA / isa sandarbha meM AdipurANa meM
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________________ 172 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana RSabhanAtha ke 1008 nAmoM se stavana ke prasaMga meM Aye ziva ke vibhinna nAmoM kA smaraNa prAsaMgika hai / AdipurANa meM ( 25.100-217 ) RSabhanAtha kA ziva, zaMkara, mahAdeva, hara, mahezvara, tripurAri, naTeza Adi nAmoM se stavana ziva ke spaSTa prabhAva kA saMketa detA hai / RSabhanAtha ke gomukha yakSa ke hAthoM meM parazu evaM pAza jaise AyudhoM kA pradarzana tathA vAhana rUpa meM vRSabha kA nirUpaNa ziva ke prabhAva kA sAkSI hai / 52 isI prakAra zreyAMzanAtha ke Izvara yakSa kA nAma, vRSabhavAhana evaM usakA trinetra honA bhI ziva se hI prabhAvita hai / 3 jainadharma meM zivaliMga kI pUjA ke sambandha meM bhI kathA varNita hai / 14 mahAvIra ke samaya se hI jainadharma meM skanda va mukunda kI hI taraha ziva kI pUjA kA bhI pracalana thA / mahAvIra ke samakSa zUlapANi55 vyantara deva dvArA upasthita vibhinna upasarga isakA udAharaNa hai / AdipurANa meM RSabhanAtha ke sandarbha meM ziva ke tripurAri, trilocana, trinetra, trayambaka aura trayakSa nAmoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai / 56 eka anya sthala para unheM ardhanArIzvara aura adhikAntaka bhI kahA gayA hai / 57 unake ziva, hara, zaMkara, zambhU" aura aSTamUrti nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai / rudra ziva ke pracalita vizeSaNoM jaise-- padyojAta, vAmadeva, aghora aura IzAna kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 19 puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM inakA ullekha pracalita pratIkoM va sahacaroM jaise - kaMkAla, trizUla, naramuNDa, sarpa aura strI ke sAtha huA hai / 6deg hemacandra ne inakA ullekha IzAna nAma se kiyA hai / trizUladhArI ziva ke vAhana rUpa meM vRSabha kA ullekha huA hai| ziva ko umA va gaMgA ke sAtha nRtya va krIr3A karate batAyA gayA hai tathA ziva va pArvatI ko nRtya meM siddhahasta bhI kahA gayA hai / 1 pI0 zAha ne jaina paramparA ke kapardI yakSa ko ziva se prabhAvita mAnA hai jinakI mUrtiyA~ zatruMjaya pahAr3I aura vimalavasahI se milI haiN| inake atirikta jaina mandiroM para brAhmaNa mandiroM ke sadRza hI dakSiNapUrva dizA ke svAmI (dikpAla ) ke rUpa meM vRSabhavAhana vAle tathA karoM meM trizUla evaM sarpAdi se yukta IzAna kA nirUpaNa bhI isa dRSTi se dhyAtavya hai / yU0 nArada : jaina purANoM meM 9 nAradoM kI parikalpanA milatI hai jo 9 vAsudevoM ke samakAlIna rahe haiN| harivaMzapurANa meM bhIma, mahAbhIma, rudra, mahArudra, kAla, mahAkAla, caturmukha, naravaktra aura unmukha nAradoM kA ullekha
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 173 hai / unakI Ayu nArAyaNoM kI Ayu ke samAna batAyI gayI hai / unheM kalaha se prIti va dharma se sneha rakhane vAlA, hiMsA se Anandita hone vAlA tathA jinendra kA anugAmI batAyA gayA hai / 64 harivaMzapurANa meM inheM zvetavarNa va AkarSaka vyaktitva kA tathA kaupIna, yajJopavIta evaM jaTAdhAraNa kiye hue nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| inheM kAma, krodha, mada, moha tathA lobha Adi antaraMga zatruoM se rahita bhI batAyA gayA hai / 65 uttarapurANa meM bhI jaTAjUTadhArI nArada ko akSasUtra ( japamAlA ), svarNa nirmita yajJopavIta evaM kamaNDalu dhAraNa kiye hue nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / uttarapurANa meM hI eka anya sthala para inheM yajJopavIta evaM jaTAdhArI tathA kamaNDalu ke sAtha hI chatra dhAraNa kiye hue evaM naiSThika brahmacArI ke svarUpa vAlA batAyA gayA hai / 67 nArada ke ye lakSaNa viSNu ke vAmana svarUpa se sambandhita jAna par3ate haiM / harivaMzapurANa meM nArada ko aneka vidyAoM kA jJAtA, zAstroM meM nipuNa, kAmajita hote hue bhI kAmI manuSyoM kA priya hAsyarUpa, lobharahita, yuddha va kalahapriya, adhika bolane vAlA tathA loka meM nirantara paribhramaNa karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai / puSpadantakRta mahApurANa meM maNimaya kamaNDalu, daNDa, maNimaya akSasUtra evaM yajJopavItadhArI nArada ko pAdukA pahane varNita kiyA gayA hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSa caritra meM nArada kA ullekha tilottamA, urvazI va rambhA Adi apsarAoM aura tumbaru ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai / 70 jaTAjUTa, kuMbhodara, bhayaMkara darzana vAle nArada hAthoM meM chatra evaM daNDa liye aura siMha carma dhAraNa kiye hue nirUpita haiM / " kisI bhI jaina mandira meM nArada kI mUrti kA udAharaNa nahIM milatA / 72 1 kubera : brAhmaNa paramparA ke prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa kubera ko jainadharma meM bhI bhogopabhoga ko vastuoM kA svAmI batAyA gayA hai / inakI niyukti indra dvArA nagara kI racanA karane va jinendra deva kI vibhinna prakAra se sevA karane ke liye kI jAtI thI / kubera kA ullekha cAra lokapAloM ke antargata uttara dizA ke svAmI ke rUpa meM bhI AtA hai / 74 la0 AThavIM zatI I0 se sabhI kSetroM ke jaina mandiroM para uttarI koNa para brAhmaNa maMdiroM ke samAna dikpAla ke rUpa meM kubera kA niyamita aMkana huA hai| osiyAM, khajurAho, devagar3ha, kuMbhAriyA, delavAr3A jaise sthaloM para sAmAnyataH bRhadajaThara kubera ko gaja-vAhana yA nidhipAtra ke sAtha phala, padma, dhana kA 'lA, aMkuza Adi se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai / uttarapurANa meM kubera kI
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________________ - 174 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana rati nAmaka devI kA ullekha hai / 75 puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM indra kI AjJA se kubera dvArA tIrthaMkara ke janma ke liye eka sundara nagara kI racanA kA ullekha AyA hai / isameM indra dvArA inheM yakSarAja bhI kahA gayA hai / 76 sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke janma ke 6 mAsa pUrva se kubera dvArA jina mAtA-pitA ke A~gana meM ratnoM kI varSA karane kA ullekha AtA hai / 77 tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM neminAtha evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSa ke rUpa meM kubera ( yA sarvAnubhUti ) ke aMkana kI carcA yakSa-yakSI sambandhita adhyAya meM kI jA cukI hai / :: kAmadeva : prAcInakAla se hI bhArata meM kAmadeva ke maMdiroM va unakI pUjA kA ullekha milatA hai / hindU dharma ke samAna jainadharma meM bhI kAmadeva kI parikalpanA AkarSaka vyaktitva vAle devatA ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / jainadharma meM donoM hI paramparAoM meM 24 kAmadevoM kA ullekha hai kintu unheM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI zreNI meM na rakhakara mahAn AtmAoM kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai / ye 24 kAmadeva kramazaH bAhubalI, prajApati, zrIdhara, darzanabhadra, prasenacandra, candravarNa, agniyukta, sanatkumAra, vatsarAja, kanakaprabha, meghaprabha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, bijayarAja, zrIcandra, nalarAja, hanumAna, vAlirAja, vAsudeva, pradyumna, nAgakumAra, jIvandhara tathA jambUsvAmI haiM / inameM se kucha kAmadeva jaise bAhubalI, pradyumna tathA jIvandhara jaina paramparA meM eka mahAn AtmA aura sAdhaka ke rUpa meM mAnya haiM / hanumAna, nalarAja, vAlirAja, vAsudeva evaM pradyumna brAhmaNa paramparA se sambandhita haiM / prajApati aura zrIdhara kramaza: brahmA aura viSNu se sambandhita haiM / yaha sarvathA ullekhanIya hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA meM jahA~ hanumAna ko brahmacArI rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai vahIM jainadharma meM unheM kAmadeva ke rUpa meM eka hajAra kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai / deg unake pairoM para parazu, aMkuza evaM cakra jaise pratIkoM kA bhI ullekha hai|" khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha mandira para azokavATikA meM sItA ke samakSa tathA uttarI bhitti kI rAma-sItA mUrti meM rAma ke samIpa kapimukha hanumAna kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM / zAnti, kunthu va aranAtha tIrthaMkara rahe haiM / yadyapi kAmadeva kA vyaktitva AkarSaka mAnA gayA hai phira bhI jainadharma meM bAhubalI ko brAhmaNa paramparA ke samAna prema ke devatA ke rUpa meM nahIM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 2
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 175 madhyakAlIna tAntrika pravRtti tathA jainadharma ke prati sAmAnyajanoM ko AkRSTa karane ke uddezya se jina mandiroM para na kevala kAmadeva kI mUrtiyA~ ukerI gayIM varan jaina granthoM meM bhI isa prakAra ke aMkana ko saMstuti dI gyii| harivaMzapurANa meM jina mandira meM prajA ke kautuka ke liye kAmadeva aura rati kI mUrtiyoM ke utkIrNa kiye jAne kA ullekha huA hai| grantha ke anusAra yaha jina mandira kAmadeva ke mandira ke nAma se prasiddha thA aura kautukavaza Aye hue logoM ko jainadharma kI prApti kA nimitta thA / khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha jaina mandira para viSNu, ziva, brahmA, rAma, balarAma Adi kI zakti sahita AliMgana mUrtiyoM ke samUha meM kAma aura rati kI bhI do yugala mUrtiyA~ haiM jo kramazaH pUrva aura uttara kI mittiyoM 'para utkIrNa haiM / 4 pUrvI bhitti kI mUrti meM zmazru ora jaTAmukRTa se zobhita kAma ke do hAthoM meM paMcazara evaM iSu-dhanu haiM jabaki zeSa do hAthoM meM se eka vyAkhyAnamudrA meM hai aura dUsarA AliMganamudrA meM / uttarI bhitti kI mUrti meM kAma dAr3hI-mUchoM se rahita tathA kiroTamukuTa se sajjita haiN| unake do hAthoM meM pUrvavat paMcazara ( mAnavamukha ) aura iSu-dhanu haiM tathA eka hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai / vyAkhyAnamudrA ke sthAna para eka hAtha meM padamakalikA prazita hai| donoM hI udAharaNoM meM rati bAyeM pArzva meM khaDo haiM aura unakA dAhinA hAtha AliMganamudrA meM hai jabaki bAyeM meM pustaka ( yA padma ) pradarzita hai| elorA kI guphA saM0 34 meM bhI bhUmitala ke mukhya maNDapa ke eka stambha para tribhaMga meM khar3I kAmadeva kI eka mUrti utkIrNa hai / kAmadeva ke do hAthoM meM iSu-dhanu evaM puSpazara spaSTa haiN| vAmanadeva jaina granthoM meM brAhmaNa paramparA ke vAmanadeva (viSNu ke avatAra ) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / uttarapurANa meM bhI vAmana kA ullekha hai jinhoMne do pagoM meM hI sampUrNa pRthvI ko nApa liyA aura tIsarA paga rakhane ke liye unheM sthAna hI zeSa nahIM bacA / vidyAdhara tathA bhUmigocariyoM dvArA stuti karane para unhoMne punaH apane caraNoM ko saMkucita kara liyaa| 5 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM bhI vAmanadeva kA ullekha hai kintu isameM vAmana rUpa ke sthAna para vizAla rUpa ( trivikrama ) meM pRthvI ko tIna pagoM meM nApane kA sandarbha AyA hai / grantha meM inheM trivikrama bhI kahA gayA hai / 6
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________________ 176 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana lakSmI : 87 30 jaina devakula meM lakSmI kI avadhAraNA prAcIna hai / sarvaprathama kalpasU meM jinoM kI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye zubha svapnoM ke sandarbha meM zrI lakSmI kA ullekha huA hai / zIrSa bhAga meM do gajoM se abhiSikta lakSmI ko padmAsIna va donoM karoM meM padma dhAraNa kiye nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / 7 bhagavatIsUtra ( pA~cavIM zatI I0 ) meM bhI eka sthala para lakSmI kI mUrti kA ullekha hai|" paravartI jaina granthoM meM bhI lakSmI ko sAgaraputrI 9, viSNu kI sahacarI tathA saundarya va samRddhi kI devI ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / padmA, ramA, haripriyA, padmavAsA Adi nAmoM se abhihita devI padmAsanA evaM do gajoM se abhiSikta haiM / puSpadantakRta mahApurANa evaM uttarapurANa meM jinamAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye 16 zubhasvapnoM ke sandarbha meM bhI lakSmI kA ullekha AyA hai isameM inheM navakamaloM ke sarovaroM kI svAminI va gajoM dvArA abhiSikta ullakhita kiyA gayA hai / 3 jaina zilpa meM lakSmI kA mUrta aMkana la0 9vIM zatI I0 ke bAda hI lokapriya huA jisake udAharaNa khajurAho, devagar3ha, osiyAM, kuMbhAriyA evaM delavAr3A Adi sthaloM se prApta hote haiM / 14 uparyukta sabhI sthaloM para cartubhujA lakSmI do gajoM dvArA abhiSikta gajalakSmI yA abhiSeka lakSmI ke rUpa meM nirUpita haiM / padmAsIna devI ke do Urdhva karoM meM padma haiM tathA adhaH karoM meM varada yA abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra yA phala dikhAyA gayA hai / kuMbhAriyA evaM delavAr3A ke jaina mandiroM ke vitAnoM para utkIrNa vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dRzyoM evaM khajurAho, devagar3ha jaise digambara sthaloM para pravezadvAra ke UparI bhAga meM mAMgalika svapnoM ke antargata gajalakSmI ko uparyukta lakSaNoM vAlA darzAyA gayA hai. ( citra 20-21 ) / elorA kI jaina guphA saM0 30 aura 32 meM kramazaH tIna aura eka mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / dhyAnamudrA meM padma para AsIna guphA saM0 30 kI tIna mUrtiyoM meM se do meM caturbhujA devI ke kevala do hAthoM meM padma spaSTa haiN| tIsarI mUrti meM dvibhujA devI padma se yukta aura do gajoM dvArA abhiSikta dikhAyI gayI haiM / guphA saM0 32 kI cauthI mUrti meM caturbhujA devI pUrvavat dhyAnamudrA meM padma para AsIna aura do gajoM dvArA: abhiSikta dikhAyI gayI haiN| devI ke tIna avaziSTa karoM meM varadamudrA, padma aura pAza spaSTa haiM /
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 177 sarasvatI : prArambhika jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI kA ullekha medhA evaM buddhi ke devatA yA zruta devatA ke rUpa meM prApta hotA hai| AdipurANa, harivaMza - purANa, mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ) evaM triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra meM sarasvatI kA ullekha pUrva granthoM kI bhA~ti zrI, hR, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi evaM lakSmI jaise hRda deviyoM ke rUpa meM AyA hai jinakA nivAsa vibhinna padma sarovaroM meM mAnA gayA hai / 15 sarasvatI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa jaina granthoM meM vIM zatI I0 ke bAda vivecita huA hai| jaina zilpa meM yakSI ambikA evaM cakrezvarI ke bAda sarasvatI kI hI sarvAdhika svatantra mUrtiyA~ bniiN| jJAna aura pavitratA kI devI hone ke kAraNa hI sarasvatI ke sAtha haMsa vAhana aura karoM meM pustaka, akSamAlA, varadamudrA, padma ora jalapAtra dikhAye gaye haiM / la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI I0 meM saMgIta va anya lalita - kalAoM kI devI ke rUpa meM inheM mAnyatA milI aura taba unake vAhana ke rUpa meM mayUra aura hAthoM meM vINA kA aMkana prArambha huA / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI pUjana adhika lokapriya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bAdAmI, ayahola evaM elorA jaise digambara jaina sthaloM para sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa nahIM huIM / pUrva madhyakAla meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM zakti ke rUpa meM bhI sarasvatI kI sAdhanA kI gayI jisameM Age calakara tantra kA bhI praveza huA / 27 bAhmaNa paramparA meM vidyA kI devI sarasvatI evaM jaina paramparA kI sarasvatI yA buddhi devI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAoM meM adbhuta samAnatA dekhane ko milatI hai / donoM hI paramparAoM kI sarasvatI pratimAoM meM inake karoM meM pustaka, vINA, akSamAlA, sruka, aMkuza tathA pAza jaise Ayudha dikhAye gaye haiM / haMsa yA mayUravAhanA sarasvatI kI 9vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI aneka mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha, khajurAho, osiyA~, kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A, tAraMgA, jinanAthapura, hummaca, halebiDa tathA pallU ( bIkAnera, rAjasthAna) jaise sthaloM se milI haiM (citra 26) / hRda deviyA~ : jaina paramparA meM zrI, hu, dhRti, buddhi, kIrti evaM lakSmI jaisI deviyoM ke ullekha haiM jinakA nivAsa 6 pramukha parvatoM para sthita - padma, mahApadma, tigincha, kesarI, mahApuNDarIka tathA puNDarIka nAmaka hRdoM meM hai / digambara paramparA meM inakA ullekha zAntikarma ke sandarbha meM tathA hRda 12
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________________ 178 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana deviyoM ke rUpa meM AtA hai / 99 inakA pramukha kArya jina mAtA kI vibhinna prakAra se sevA karanA hai / 100 zvetAmbara sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke janma se sambandhita dRzyoM meM jinamAtAoM ke samIpa ina hRda deviyoM kA sAmUhika aMkana dekhA jA sakatA hai| gaMgA va sindhu devI : brAhmaNa paramparA ke samAna hI jaina devakula meM bhI gaMgA evaM sindhu kA deviyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| inakA nivAsa gaMgAkUTa tathA sindhu kUTa para mAnA gayA hai| AdipurANa meM gaMgAdevI kI utpatti evaM gaMgA devI dvArA cakravartI bharata kA gaMgAjala se abhiSeka karane kA ullekha AtA hai / 101 harivaMzapurANa meM sindhu kUTa para nivAsa karane vAlI sindhu devI dvArA bharata cakravartI ko pAdapITha se suzobhita do uttama Asana bheMTa karane kA ullekha hai / 102 puSpadantakRta mahApurANa meM gaMgAdevI ko pUrNimA ke candramA ke samAna mukhavAlI, kamalanayanI, kamaloM ke samAna caraNoMvAlI, jinendra kA abhiSeka karanevAlI, sira meM phUla gUMthanevAlI, caMcala makara dhvajavAlI evaM apane rUpa-yauvana se devoM ko Azcarya meM DAla denevAlI batAyA gayA hai| padma ko hI unakA chatra evaM vastra mAnA gayA hai / 103 sindhu devI ko divya svarUpA tathA jalacara dhvajavAlI batAyA gayA hai / 104 dikkumArI : jainadharma ke zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM dikkumAriyoM kA sambandha tIrthaMkaroM ke janmotsava va jAtakarma se batAyA gayA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakI saMkhyA 56 evaM digambara meM 44 batAyI gayI hai| 105 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM 56 dikkumAriyoM kA ullekha vistAra ke sAtha, hAthoM meM darpaNa, ghaTa, tAr3apatra kA paMkhA, cIvara va jyoti liye hue milatA hai / 106 AdipurANa,107 harivaMzapurANa 108 evaM mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ) jaise digambara granthoM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke janma ke avasara para jinamAtA ke pAsa dikkumAriyoM ke Ane kA ullekha hai| kucha dikkumAriyoM ke nAma hindU deviyoM ke samAna haiM jaise-sItA, pRthvI, ekanAMzA tathA ilA ityAdi / 109 vimalavasahI ( delavADA ) meM kalaza tathA cAmara liye hue nArI AkRtiyoM kI pahacAna dikkumAriyoM ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai|110
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 179 nAga-pUjA: jaina granthoM meM nAga-pUjana ke pracura ullekha milate haiM jo loka-pUjana kI jainadharma meM pratiSThA ke sUcaka haiN| bhAratIya lokadharma meM nAga-pUjana prArambha se hI lokapriya rahA hai / 111 bhArata ke sabhI kSetroM se nAgoM kI aneka svatantra mUrtiyA~ milI haiM jo nAga-pUjana kI lokapriyatA kI sAkSI haiM / lokadharma ke sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM bhI nAgoM kI upadevatA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA hai| zrAvaNa mAsa ke paMcamI ke dina inakI utpatti kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa hI nAga paMcamI ke rUpa meM prAyaH sampUrNa bhArata meM nAga pUjana kI paramparA vyavahAra meM hai| 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke lAMchana ke rUpa meM sarpa kA ullekha aura aMkana milatA hai| sAtha hI tIrthaMkara supArzvanAtha aura pArzvanAtha ke zIrSa bhAgoM meM sarpaphaNoM ke chatra ke rUpa meM bhI nAga kA ullekha aura aMkana milatA hai| elorA kI pArzvanAtha matiyoM meM bhI sira para sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatra tathA pRSTha bhAga meM sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM kA sundara aMkana huA hai (citra 13, 14) / jainadharma ke antargata pAtAla svarga meM rahane vAle nAga kumAra devoM ko bhavanavAsI devoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai aura dharaNendra ko unakA pramukha indra mAnA gayA hai / 112 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI kamaTha (zaMbara ) dvArA prastUta upasargoM se rakSA ke liye dharaNendra kA unheM apane phaNoM para uThA lene kA sandarbha jainadharma meM nAgadeva kI pramukhatA evaM pUjana kI paramparA ko darzAtA hai / 113 AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa meM nAgakumAra jAti ke aise devoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo prasanna ho vibhinna prakAra kI divya vastue~ jaise-mukuTa, cAmara, chatra, bANa, AkAza meM calane vAlI pAdukAe~ pradAna karate the / 114 uttarapurANa meM eka anya sthala para sundara kamaloM se yukta sarovaroM meM nivAsa karane vAle niSadha, devakuru, sUrpa, sulasu, vidyutprabha, nIlavAna, uttarakuru, candra, airAvata tathA mAlyavAna nAmaka nAgakumAra devoM kA ullekha AyA hai / 115 gommaTezvara bAhubalI: RSabhadeva ke putra bharata aura bAhubalI ke jIvana vRtta kA ullekha yadyapi jainadharma ke donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se huA hai kintu digambara paramparA meM bAhubalI ke prati vizeSa Adara bhAva dekhA jAtA hai| la0 983 I0 kI zravaNabelagola (hasana, karnATaka ) kI ekAzmaka
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________________ 180 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana patthara kI 57 phITa U~cI gommaTezvara bAhubalI kI pratimA digambara paramparA meM unake gauravapUrNa sthAna kA sUcaka hai (citra 49 ) / devagar3ha, khajurAho jaise digambara sthaloM para la0 9vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke bIca bAhubalI kI mUrtiyoM meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke samAna aSTa-prAtihAryoM evaM do udAharaNoM meM ( devagar3ha mandira 11 evaM khajurAho kA zAnti prasAda jaina saMgrahAlaya ) yakSa-yakSI yugala ko bhI nirupita kiyA gayA hai jo spaSTataH bAhubalI kI vizeSa pratiSThA kA sUcaka hai| Aja bhI aneka digambara jaina tIrthoM evaM mandiroM meM bAhubalI kI pratimAe~ tIrthaMkaroM ke hI samAna pUjita haiM / 116 zvetAmbara paramparA ke sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMgasUtra jaise Agama granthoM meM bAhubalI ke zarIra kI U~cAI evaM AyuSya ke atirikta unake jIvana vRtta ke sambandha meM koI vistRta jAnakArI nahIM miltii| jambUdvIpaprajJapti tathA kalpasUtra sahita zvetAmbara paramparA kA sampUrNa Agama sAhitya bAhubalI jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM mauna hai kintu zvetAmbara Agama sAhitya kI TIkAoM-( Avazyaka niyukti, AvazyakabhASya, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, AvazyakacUNi, nizIthacUrNi, kalpasUtravRtti, AcArAMgaTIkA aura sthAnAMgaTIkA) evaM paumacariya, vasudevahiNDI, caupanna mahApUrisacariyaM tathA triSaSTizalAkApUruSacaritra jaise kathA sAhitya meM bAhubalI kA jIvanavRtta vistAra ke sAthavarNita hai| 117 digambara paramparA ke paurANika sAhitya jaise-hariSeNakRta padmapurANa, svayambhUkRta paumacariu, jinasenakRta AdipurANa, raviSNakRta padmapurANa, jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa Adi meM bAhubalI ke jIvanavRtta kA vistAra ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| ____ AdipurANa meM varNita bAhubalI ke jIvanavRtta ke anusAra vRSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra bharata cakravartI ne jaba digvijaya ke uparAnta apane eka dUta dvArA bhAIyoM ke pAsa adhInatA svIkAra karane kA sandeza bhejA to bAhabalI, jo bheda, daNDa tathA sAma ina tInoM hI upAyoM dvArA ajeya the, ke atirikta anya sabhI bhAIyoM ne bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lii| phalasvarUpa bharata aura bAhubalI ke bIca yuddha aparihArya ho gayA / yuddha kI sthiti meM maMtriyoM ne bhAI-bhAI ke isa yuddha meM vyartha hI senA ke saMhAra ko rokane hetu inake madhya netra, jala tathA mallayuddha kA parAmarza diyaa|118 jinasena ko chor3akara adhikAMza digambara paramparA ke AcAryoM ne bharata
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 181 bAhubalI ke madhya senAoM ke paraspara yuddha kA ullekha kiyA hai / 119 isa ahiMsaka dvandva-yuddha meM bAhubalI dvArA vijayI hone para bharata ne nirNaya ke pratikUla bAhubalI para cakra calA diyA jisase rAjya lipsA kI pariNati kA bAhubalI ko bhAsa huA aura tatkSaNa bAhubalI ke mana meM vairAgya kA bhAva utpanna huA aura unhoMne rAjya tyAga kara dIkSA grahaNa kI / 120 AdipurANa meM eka varSa taka pratimA yoga meM sthita bAhubalI kI kaThina tapasyA kA vistAra ke sAtha ullekha huA hai| apane guNoM se pRthvI, jala, vAyu aura agni tathA kAmadeva ko jItane vAle munirAja bAhubalI ne pA~ca indriyoM ko apane vaza meM kara liyA thaa| unake tapa ke prabhAva se vana ke paraspara zatrubhAva vAle jIva-jantu, jaise-gaja, mayUra-sarpa Adi, ahiMsaka aura zAnta hokara inake samIpa hI vicaraNa kara rahe the / unake zarIra para lipaTI latA-vallariyoM ko kabhI-kabhI krIr3A hetu AyI vidyAdhariyA~ haTA jAtI thiiN| isa prakAra kI kaThina sAdhanA kA eka varSa vyatIta hone tathA bharata dvArA unakI pUjA kiye jAne para bAhubalI ko kevalajJAna prApta huaa|121 bAhubalI-bharata ke yuddha, bAhubalI kI virakti, dIkSA evaM tapazcaryA se sambandhita vivaraNa zvetAmbara va digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM samAna rUpa se varNita haiM kintu inake kevalajJAna prApti ke sambandha meM kucha bhinnatA milatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhanA ke madhya bAhabalI meM darpa kI upasthiti tathA unakI bahanoM-brAhmI evaM sundarI ke udbodhana se usakI nivRtti aura kaivalya prApti kA ullekha huA hai / 122 jabaki digambara paramparA meM sAdhaka ke madhya bAhubalI meM darpa kI vidyamAnatA kA anullekha hai kintu agraja bharata kI pUjA ke bAda hI bAhubalI ke kaivalya prApti kA ullekha huA hai| kaivalya prApti ke bAda apate vacanarUpI amRta se samasta saMsAra ko santuSTa karate hue bAhubalI anta meM mokSa ko prApta hue| uparyukta pAramparika pRSThabhUmi ke AdhAra para hI vibhinna kSetroM meM chaThI-sAtavIM zatI se 17vIM zatI I0 ke madhya vAhubalI kI aneka mUrtiyA~ banIM / 123 zvetAmbara sthaloM para bAhubalI adhovastra pahane hue dikhAye gaye haiM jabaki digambara sthaloM para unheM nirvastra dikhalAyA gayA hai| donoM paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM kAyotsarga-mudrA meM khar3e bAhubalI ke hAthoM aura
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________________ 182 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana pairoM meM mAdhavI kI latAe~ lipaTI haiM / zvetAmbara sthaloM para bAhubalI kI svataMtra mUrtiyA~ nagaNya haiN| 14vIM zatI I0 kI eka zvetAmbara mUrti gujarAta ke zatrujaya pahAr3I para hai| 15vIM zatI I0 kI eka mUrti jaisalamera se milI haiN| RSabhanAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM ke aMkana ke prasaMga meM bhI kucha zvetAmbara sthaloM para bharata-bAhubalI yuddha aura bAhubalI kI kAyotsargamudrA meM khar3I mUrtiyA~ bniiN| inameM gujarAta meM kumbhAriyA sthita zAntinAtha evaM mahAvIra mandiroM (11vIM zatI I0) tathA rAjasthAna sthita vimalavasahI ke udAharaNa mukhya haiN| ina udAharaNoM meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke anurUpa hI bAhubalI ke donoM pAryoM meM namaskAramudrA meM brAhmI aura sundarI kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| digambara sthaloM para chaThI-sAtavIM zatI I0 meM hI bAhubalI kA nirUpaNa prArambha ho gyaa| isake udAharaNa bAdAmI aura ayahola meM haiN| bAdAmI kI mUrti meM bAhubalI nirvastra aura kAyotsargamudrA meM padma para khar3e haiN| keza pIche kI ora saMvAre gaye haiN| hAthoM aura pairoM meM mAdhavI lipaTI hai| tapasyArata bAhubalI ke samIpa hI bAlmIka se nikalate do saryoM ko dikhalAyA gayA hai| samIpa hI do puruSoM aura do upAsakoM kI bhI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| ayahola kI bAhabalI mati meM bhI yahI lakSaNa haiN| isameM bAhubalI ke donoM pAzvoM meM do strI AkRtiyA~ banI haiM jo vidyAdhariyoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| dhyAtavya hai ki digambara granthoM meM ullekha hai ki dhyAnastha bAhubalI ke zarIra para lipaTI mAdhavI kI latAoM ko vidyAdhariyoM ne haTAyA thaa|124 ataH digambara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI ke donoM pAryoM kI strI AkRtiyoM kI pahacAna brAhmI aura sundarI ke sthAna para vidyAdhariyoM se kI jAnI caahiye| digambara sthaloM para inakA niyamita aMkana huA hai| ayahola kI mUrti meM Upara kI ora vRkSa aura uDDIyamAna gandharvo Adi kI bhI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / bAhubalI kI keza-racanA jaTA ke rUpa meM pradarzita hai aura kucha laTeM kandhoM para bhI phailI haiN| bAhabalI kI mukhAkRti aura unake argha nimilita netra unakI cintanazIlamudrA ko abhivyakta karate haiN| isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki zilpa meM sAtavIM zatI I0 taka bAhubalI kI lAkSaNika vizeSatAe~ niyata ho gayI thiiN| paravartI kAla kI mUrtiyoM meM inhIM meM kucha vikAsa dRSTigata hotA hai| inameM latA vallariyoM ke sAtha hI bAhubalI ke zarIra para sarpa, vRzcika aura chipakalI Adi kA bhI aMkana huaa|
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 183 khajurAho evaM devagar3ha kI 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI mUrtiyoM meM bAhubalI ke sAtha kaI navIna aura paramparA meM sarvathA avarNita vizeSatAe~ dekhane ko milatI haiN| inameM bAhabalI ko tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna pratiSThA pradAna karane kA bhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| jaba bhI jaina deva parivAra ke kisI devatA kI pratiSThA meM vRddhi kI gayI to use tIrthaMkaroM ke nikaTa lAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / khajurAho kI mUrti pArzvanAtha mandira ke garbhagRha kI bhitti para hai| isameM vakSaHsthala aura udarabhAga para vRzcika aura chipakalI kI AkRtiyA~ banI haiN| zarIra para pUrvavat mAdhavI kI latAe~ lipaTI haiN| isa mUrti meM tIrthaMkara matiyoM meM pradarzita honevAle aSTaprAtihAryoM meM se adhikAMza ko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ bAhubalI ke sAtha siMhAsana, do cAmaradhara sevaka, dharmacakra, chatra, uDDIyamAna mAlAdhara evaM vakSaHsthala para zrIvatsa cihna pradarzita haiN| tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke ye abhinna lakSaNa devagar3ha kI mUrtiyoM meM bhI dekhe jA sakate haiN| devagar3ha meM bAhabalI kI kUla 6 matiyA~ haiM / eka udAharaNa (mandira 11-12vIM zatI I0) meM to tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI bAhubalI ke siMhAsana ke donoM choroM para dvibhuja yakSa aura yakSI kI bhI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiN| yahA~ yakSa gomukha hai jo pAramparika dRSTi se tIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha kA yakSa hai| jJAtavya hai ki aSTaprAtihArya, dharmacakra evaM yakSa-yakSI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM ke abhinna aura pAramparika lakSaNa haiN| inhIM tattvoM ko uparyukta bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM bhI pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / saMkhyA kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata kI tulanA meM kama hote hue bhI uttara bhArata kI mUrtiyoM kA bAhubalI kI mUrtiyoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se agragAmI yogadAna rahA hai| uttara bhArata kI kucha anya mUrtiyA~ prabhAsa pATaNa (gujarAta) evaM bilharI (madhya pradeza) se milI haiN| eka mUrti rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU (kramAMka 940) meM hai| __ elorA meM pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara ke bAda bAhubalI kI hI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ banIM jinake lagabhaga 20 udAharaNa jaina guphAoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM (citra 45, 46, 47, 48) / 125 elorA kI bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ bhArata ke anya kisI bhI kSetra kI apekSA lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa haiN| AdipurANa ke bAhubalI carit kI pRSThabhUmi meM elorA kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM kA mUlyAMkana mahatvapUrNa hai jinheM tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna pratiSThAparaka sthiti pradAna kI gyii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rASTrakUToM
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________________ 184 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ke samaya bAhubalI ke upAsakoM kA koI svatantra sampradAya bhI rahA hogA / ye bAhubalI mUrtiyA~ eka ora bAdAmI (citra 44) aura ayahola ko pUrvavartI cAlukyakAlIna bAhubalI mUrtiyoM se pUrI taraha prabhAvita aura unameM lAkSaNika vikAsa darzAtI haiM tathA dUsarI ora kaI dRSTiyoM se devagar3ha aura khajurAho kI digambara paramparAoM kI uttara bhAratIya zailI se bhI prabhAvita haiM / elorA ke atirikta dakSiNa bhArata ke anya kisI bhI sthala kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM prAtihAryo, pArzvavartI vidyAdhariyoM evaM caraNoM ke samIpa namaskAramudrA meM bharata cakravartI kI AkRtiyoM kA aMkana nahIM huA hai / bAhubalI ke samIpa mRga, uSTra, mUSaka Adi kA aMkana elorA kI bAhubalI sUrtiyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai jo AdipurANa ke varNana ke anurUpa hai| bAhubalI kI mUrtiyA~ elorA kI sabhI jaina guphAoM meM utkIrNa haiM / sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ guphA saM0 32 meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM (citra 45, 46, 47) / elorA kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM aprAtihAryoM meM se kevala prabhAmaNDala, dundubhivAdaka, divyadhvani, mAlAdhArI gandharva evaM trichatra ke sthAna para eka chatra dikhAyA gayA hai / trichatra ke sthAna para eka chatra dikhAkara sambhavataH bAhubalI ke kevala kevalI hone kA saMketa diyA gayA hai / 126 isa prakAra devagar3ha aura khajurAho kI digambara paramparA kI mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI elorA meM bhI bAhubalI ko tIrthaMkaroM ke samAna pratiSThA pradAna karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA / bAhubalI kI 13 mUrtiyA~ kevala guphA saM0 32 ( 9vIM zatI I0) meM utkIrNa haiN| sabhI udAharaNoM meM nirvastra bAhubalI kAyotsargamudrA meM tapasyArata nirUpita haiM / AdipurANa ke vivaraNa ke anurUpa bAhubalI ke donoM pAva meM do manohArI vidyAdhariyoM kI AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM jo bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI latA- vallariyoM ko haTA rahI haiN| paramparAnurUpa samIpa ho mukuTa Adi se sajjita bharata cakravartI kI AkRti bhI ukerI hai jo stavana kI mudrA meM hAtha jor3e hue haiM / ina mUrtiyoM meM bAMbI se nikalate sarpa evaM nizcinta bhAva se vicaraNa karate hue mRga, vRzcik, uSTra Adi jIvoM kA aMkana bhI dhyAtavya hai / zarIra para lipaTI latAvallariyoM evaM vibhinna jIva-jantu ke mAdhyama se eka ora bAhubalI kI kaThina sAdhanA aura dUsarI ora vana ko pRSThabhUmi ko saphalatApUrvaka darzAyA gayA hai / uttara bhAratIya mUrtiyoM ke samAna hI kaI udAharaNoM bAhubalI ke samIpa tIrthaMkaroM kI kAyotsargaM AkRtiyA~ bhI ukero hai /
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 185 pAva-TippaNI 1. samavAyAMgasUtra 150; tattvArthasUtra, pR0 137-38; AcArAMgasUtra 2.15.18 // 2. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 57 / 3. AdipurANa 13.13 / 4. mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta ), 43.10 / "5. mahApurANa 11.21 / 6. mahApurANa 11.25 / 7. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.3.501-514 / 8. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 57 / 9. vahIM, pR0 57 / 10. vahIM, pR0 58 / 11. vahIM; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.3.515-528; harivaMzapurANa 38.17-19 / 12. zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra inake 9 varga haiM / 13. zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra inake 13 varga haiN| 14. zvetAmbara paramparA meM inheM 10 vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 15. zvetAmbara paramparA meM inheM 12 vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| 16. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 58-59 / 17. vahIM, pR058| 18. vahIM, pR0 58 / 19. vahIM, pR0 58 / / 20. vahIM, pR0 58 / 21. AdipurANa 38.218; uttarapurANa 63.197-200 / 22. mahApurANa 31.21 / 23. harivaMzapurANa 38.17-19; yU0 po0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 59 / 24. mahApurANa 11.21 / / 25. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 2.3.529-551 / 26. yU0 po0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR. 59 / 27. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.3.750-797 / 28. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0 pu. 10, aM0 9, pR0 10 / 29. bhagavatIsUtra 3.1.134; aMgavijjA, adhyAya 51 (bhUmikA-vI0 esa0 agravAla, pR0 78) /
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________________ * 186 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 30. jaina graMthoM meM indra ke devendra aura zakra nAmoM kA bhI ullekha hai / 31. abhidhAnacintAmaNi 2.84-88 / 32. sthAnAMgasUtra 1, 13 / 33. kalpasUtra 14; paumacariya 3.76-88 / 34. padmacarita 2.243; triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 6.7.232-236 / 35. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.2.332 / 36. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.2.503; 6.7.15; paumacariya 3 . 127 - padmacarita 3.221 / 37. mahApurANa 3.20 / 38. vahIM, 46.1; 48.9; 62.17 / 39. AdipurANa 12.69-76, 63.169 / 85; 13.47; 14.20; uttarapurANaH 40. AdipurANa 22.18 / 41. AdipurANa 22.19-22 / 42. AdipurANa 23.163 / 43. AdipurANa 14.103-154; uttarapurANa 50.23-24 / 44. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIz2a', ja0 o0 I0, khaNDa-34, 1-2, pR0 46 / 45. uttarapurANa 59.58; mahApurANa 53.13 / 46. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 48 / 47. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 33 34, 61 / 48. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIz2a', khaNDa - 31, aMka 4, jUna 1982, pR0 373 / 49. trilokasAra 836-841, pR0 334 kramazaH tiloyapaNNatti 1439-1443, pR0 333 / 50. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 373 / 59. vahIM, pR0 373 / 52. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 165 / 53. vahIM, pR0 193 / 54. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 373 / 55. zUlapANi ziva kA hI eka nAma hai / 56. AdipurANa 25.215 / 57. AdipurANa 25.73 / aM0.
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 187. 58. AdipurANa 25.74 / 59. AdipurANa 17.65 / / 60. mahApurANa 10.5 / 61. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 2.2.353, 362, 363, 1.5.590; 9.1.31, 396.400 / 62. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'brahmazAnti aiNDa kapardI yakSaja', jarnala oNpha di ema0. esa0 yUnivarsiTI oNpha bar3audA, khaNDa-7, aM0 1, pR0 68 / 63. harivaMzapurANa 60.548.549 / 64. harivaMzapurANa 60.550 / 65. harivaMzapurANa 42.2-7 / 66. uttarapurANa 68.89-90 / 67. uttarapurANa 68.282-284 / 68. harivaMzapurAza 42.12-23 / 69. mahApurANa bhAga 4, 73.10 / 70. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 4.7.318-20 / 71. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 7.4.289-93 / 72. yU0 po0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIja', khaNDa-31, aM0 4, jUna 1982, pu. 371; / jana rUpamaNDana, pR0 71 / 73. uttarapurANa 54.175 / 74. harivaMzapurANa 5.315-327 / 75. uttarapurANa, 63.11-18 / 76. mahApurANa 49.5; 55.4 / 77. AdipurANa 12.85; ( sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke sandarbha meM kubera kA ullekha AdipurANa va uttarapurANa meM AtA hai ) / 78. yU0 po0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 374 / 79. vahIM, pR0 374 / 80. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 7.3.298-303 / 81. vahIM, 7.3.194 / 82. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 374 / 83. harivaMzapurANa, 29.1-5; draSTavya mArutinandana tivArI, 'jaina mandiroM meM kAmazilpa', saMbodhi, khaNDa-11, aM0 1-4, apraila 82-janavarI 83,, pR0 17-22 / 84. mArutinandana tivArI, khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva, pR0 27-28 /
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________________ -188 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 85. uttarapurANa 70.274-93 / 86. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 5.8.14-48, 117-203 / 87. kalpasUtra 37 / 88. bhagavatIsUtra 11.11.430 / 89. harivaMzapurANa, 17.3 / 90. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.1.687; 4.7.5 / 91. paumacariya 7.70; padmacarita 7.152 / 92. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.2.216; 2.2.74; 4.1.219 // 93. uttarapurANa 57.17 - 34; mahApurANa 58.5 / 94. mArutinandana tivArI, khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva, pR0 74-75 / 95. AdipurANa 38.218; harivaMzapurANa 5.126-131; mahApurANa 42.4; triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra 2.3.570-80 / 96. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 33 / 97. vistAra ke liye draSTavya, mArutinandana tivArI, 'inavokezana oNva sArasvata pAvara ina jainiz2ama', painthiyansa oNva pAvara viSayaka antarrASTrIya saMgoSThI ( 1985, lakhanaU ) meM prastuta zodha-patra | 98. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIja', khaNDa-32, aM0 1-2, 1982, pR0 82 / 99. pratiSThAsA roddhAra pR0 32; pratiSThAtilaka, pR0 102-103 / 100. AdipurANa 38. 218; mahApurANa 42.4; 43.6 // 101. AdipurANa 32.166; 45.153-55 / 102. harivaMzapurANa 11.40 / 103. mahApurANa ( puSpadanta ) 15.9, 11 104. vahIM, 14.12 / 105. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'mAinara jaina DiTIja', khaNDa - 31, aM0 3, 1982, pR0 279 / - 106. triSaSTizalAkA puruSacaritra 1.2.785-93 / 107. AdipurANa 12.162-64 / 108. harivaMzapurANa 2.24 / 109. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, pR0 281 / - 110. vahIM, pR0 281 / 111. je0 pI0 eca0 vogala, iNDiyana sarpenTa aura dI nAgaz2a ina dI hindU lIjeNDa eNDa ArTa, landana 1986 //
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 189 112. AdipurANa 18.96, 140; uttarapurANa 59.136, mahApurANa 65.7 / 113. uttarapurANa 73.136; yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 172 / 114. AdipurANa 43.88-95; uttarapurANa 72.116-20 / 115. uttarapurANa 63.197-201 / 116. sAgaramala jaina evaM mArutinandana vitArI, jaina sAhitya aura zilpa meM ___ bAhubalI, vArANasI 1981, pR0 1 / 117. vahIM, pR0 4 / 118. AdipurANa 36.37-46 / 119. sAgaramala jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 6 / 120. AdipurANa 36.66-104 / 121. AdipurANa 36.106-185 / 122. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.5, 740-98 / 123. mArutinandana tivArI, 'e noTa oNna sama bAhubalI imejeja phraoNma nArtha iNDiyA', IsTa aiNDa vesTa, khaNDa 23, aM0 3.4, 1973, pR0 347-53 / 124. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 347-53; harivaMzapurANa 11.101, AdipurANa 36.183 / vidyAdharyaH kadAcicca krIDAhetorupAgatAH / ballIrudveSTayAmAsu munaH sarvAMgasAMginIH / / 125. mArutinandana tivArI evaM kamala giri, 'imejeja oNva bAhubalI ina elorA', elorA kensa skalpacarsa aiNDa ArkITekcara (saM0 ratana parimU), naI dillI 1988, pR0 338-342 / 126. bahIM, pR0 340 /
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________________ saptama adhyAya sthApatya : mandira, samavasaraNa, rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavana jainadharma meM anekAnta ke anurUpa jIvana ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa pakSoM para yathocita dhyAna diyA gayA hai / jaina kalA kA uddezya jIvana kA utkarSa rahA hai / usakI samasta preraNA dhArmika rahI hai aura usake dvArA jaina. tattvajJAna va AcAra ke AdarzoM ko mUrtimAna rUpa dene kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai|' kalA kA dhyeya jIvana kA utkarSa hai, yaha bAta jaina kalAkRtiyoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| jaina Agama meM ullekha hai ki bAlakoM ke zikSaNa kAla meM zilpa va kalAoM kI bhI zikSA dI jAtI thii| samavAyAMgasUtra meM ullikhita 72 kalAoM ke antargata vAstukalA kA bhI ullekha hai / 2 svayaM AditIrthaMkara RSabhanAtha ne asi, masi, RSi, vANijya evaM vyApAra ke sAtha hI zilpa kI bhI zikSA dI thii| mAnasAra ke anusAra bhUmi, harmya ( bhavana Adi), mAna evaM paryaka se 'vAstu' zabda kA bodha hotA hai| vAstu kI isa caturmukhI vyApakatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue prasanna kumAra AcArya ne vAstu vizvakoza (10 456 ) meM likhA hai ki harmya meM prAsAda, maNDapa, sabhA, zAlA tathA raMga sabhI sammilita haiM / yAna Adi se spandana, zibikA evaM ratha kA bodha hotA hai| paryaMka ke antargata paMjara, meMcalI, maMca phalakAsana tathA bAla-paryaka Ate haiN| vAstu zabda grAmoM, durgoM, pattanoM, puroM, puTa-bhedanoM, AvAsa bhavanoM evaM nivezya-bhUmi kA bhI vAcaka hai / mUrtikalA bhI vastutaH vAstukalA kI hI sahacarI kahI jA sakatI hai| __ jaina Agama meM vAstu pAThakoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai jo nagara nirmANa ke liye idhara-udhara bhramaNa kiyA karate the| mahApurANa meM abhiyantA ke liye 'sthapati' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| sthapati kA prayoga jainetara grantha mAnasAra', mayamata aura samarAMgaNasUtradhAra Adi zilpazAstroM meM bhI huA hai / sthapati hI vibhinna prAsAdoM Adi kA nirmANa karate the| jaina purANoM meM sthApatya ke antargata nagara vinyAsa (parikhA, vajra, prAkAra, dvAra evaM gopura tathA rathyA), durga, bhavana (sAmAnya bhavana,
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________________ sthApatya : mandira, samavasaraNa, rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavana : 191 rAjaprAsAda, evaM maMdira ) tathA samavasaraNa ke ullekha milate haiN| kinta prastuta adhyAya meM maMdira, samavasaraNa, rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavana athavA AvAsagRha kA hI vistAra ke sAtha nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / jaina purANoM meM ullikhita bhavanoM ke nAma nimnavat haiM-ha, geha, prAsAda, AgAra, mandira, Alaya, sadma, vezma, nilaya, caitya, kUTa, vimAna, jinendrAlaya, zAlA, puSkarAvarta, gRhakUTaka, vaijayantabhavana, girikUTaka tathA sarvatobhadra / jaina mandira : jaina mandiroM ke sandarbha meM 'Ayatana' zabda kA ullekha huA hai| 'Ayatana' kA astitva mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI thaa| vihAra ke samaya vizrAma ke liye mahAvIra ke yakSAyatanoM meM Thaharane ke sandarbha prApta hote haiN| bAda meM Ayatana zabda kA prayoga jinAyatana ke rUpa meM hone lagA aura isake bAda mandira, caitya, Alaya, vasati, vezma, vihAra, bhuvana, prAsAda, geha, gaha Adi zabdoM ne usakA sthAna grahaNa kara liyaa|10 paumacariya meM rAma va rAvaNa dvArA aneka sthaloM para jina maMdiroM va pratimAoM kI sthApanA, pUjana evaM jIrNoddhAra ke ullekha haiN|11aadipuraann meM jaina maMdira ke liye 'siddhAyata' zabda prayukta huA hai / 12 amarakoza meM Ayatana aura caitya kA eka hI artha batAyA gayA hai| 3 jaina Agama granthoM meM caitya zabda kA prayoga deva maMdira ke liye huA hai / 14 AdipurANa meM caityavakSa ke samIpa jinamaMdira ke hone kA ullekha hai| 15 padmapurANa meM caityAlaya ko mahApavitra batAyA gayA / vastutaH jinendrAlaya kA bRhatAkAra hI caityAlaya hai / 16 jinendrAlaya ke sthAna para 'jinavezma' zabda bhI prayukta huA hai / 17 bhAratIya vAstukalA kA vikAsa pahale stUpa nirmANa meM, phira guphA caityoM va vihAra meM aura tatpazcAt mandiroM ke nirmANa meM pAyA jAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM mandiroM ke nirmANa meM hI vAstukalA ne apanA carama utkarSa prApta kiyaa| padmapurANa meM pratyeka parvata, gA~va, pattana, mahala, nagara, saMgama tathA caurAhe para jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai / 19 - kisI bhI deza ko kalA evaM sthApatya kI niyAmaka usa deza kI rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika sthitiyA~ hotI haiN| bhAratIya kalA logoM kI dhArmika mAnyatAoM va samAja kI Arthika sthiti kA mUrta rUpa rahI haiN| yaha tathya jaina kalA va sthApatya ke vikAsa ke sandarbha meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa
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________________ 192 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana hai / 20 vibhinna kAloM meM rAjakIya evaM rAjetara logoM ke saMrakSaNa, protsAhana va prazraya ke phalasvarUpa hI jainadharma va kalA kA samucita vikAsa dekhane ko milatA hai| sarva prAcIna jaina maMdira ke cihna bihAra meM paTanA ke samIpa lohAnIpura meM pAye gaye haiM, jahA~ se kumrahAra aura bulaMdIbAga kI mauryakAlIna kalAkRtiyoM kI paramparA ke pramANa bhI mile haiN| yahA~ eka jaina maMdira kI nIMva milI hai| yaha maMdira 8.10 phuTa vargAkAra thaa| yahA~ prApta IMTe mauryakAlIna siddha huI haiM / yahIM se eka mauryakAlIna rajata sikkA tathA do mastakahIna jinamUrtiyA~ bhI milI haiM jo paTanA saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita haiN|21 ajAtazatru ke uttarAdhikArI udaya yA udayina ko jainadharma kA anuyAyI batAyA gayA hai / aisA ullekha milatA hai ki usakI AjJA se pATaliputra meM eka jaina maMdira kA nirmANa bhI huA thaa|22 8vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya pratihAra ( osiyAM), paramAra, caMdela (khajurAho-pArzvanAtha, AdinAtha, ghaNTaI), cAhamAna (bijauliyA), caulukya ( jAlaura, tAraMgA, kuMbhAriyA, delavAr3A-vimalavasahI), cAlukya ( bAdAmI, ayahola), rASTrakUTa ( elorA ) evaM hoyasala (asikerI, halebiDa, lakkuNDI ) jaise rAjavaMzoM ke kAla meM uttara aura dakSiNa bhArata meM aneka jaina maMdiroM kA nirmANa huaa| kintu sarvAdhika jaina maMdira gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura madhyapradeza meM bane / 23 vartamAna meM sabase prAcIna jaina mandira karnATaka ke bIjApura jile meM sthita bAdAmI ke samIpa ayahola kA meguTI maMdira hai jisakA nirmANa zilAlekhAnusAra 634 I0 meM pazcimI cAlukya nareza pulakezina dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM ravikIti ne karavAyA thA / 24 guptottarakAlIna zilpa zAstroM meM vAstukalA kI tona zailiyA~ nirdiSTa kI gayI haiM-nAgara, drAvir3a tathA vesara / ayahola kA meguTI jaina maMdira drAvir3a zailI kA sabase prAcIna maMdira hai| drAvir3a zailI kA mandira eka stambhAkRti grahaNa karatA hai jo Upara kI ora kramazaH sikur3atA jAtA hai aura Upara jAkara eka stUpikA kA AkAra grahaNa kara letA hai| choTI-choTI stUpikAe~ va zikharAkRtiyA~ usake nIce ke taloM ke koNoM para bhI sthApita kI jAtI haiM jisase maMdira kI bAhyAkRti zikharamaya dikhAyI dene lagatI hai / 25 drAvir3a zailI ke anya jaina maMdiroM ke udAharaNa tIrthahalli ke samIpa hummaca kA jaina maMdira, paMcakUTa basti,
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________________ anya devI-devatA ; 193 guDDa nAmaka pahAr3I para sthita pArzvanAtha mandira evaM dhAravAr3a jile meM lakkuNDI nAmaka grAma meM sthita do jaina mandira haiM / drAvir3a vAstukalA kA adhika vikAsa hoyasalakAlIna mandiroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai / isake udAharaNa zravaNabelagola se eka mIla uttara kI ora sthita jinanAthapura aura asikerI ke jaina mandiroM aura halebiDa meM hoyasalezvara mandira ke samIpa halli nAmaka grAma meM eka hI ghere meM bane tIna jaina mandiroM meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| ye sabhI mandira 11vIM-12vIM zatI I0 ke haiM / 26 gujarAta va rAjasthAna meM caulukya (yA solaMkI) rAjavaMza ( 9611304 I0 ) kA jaina kalA ke vikAsa meM sarvAdhika yogadAna rahA hai| isa rAjavaMza ke zAsakoM ke saMrakSaNa meM kuMbhAriyA (11vIM-13vIM zatI I0), tAraMgA evaM jAlaura meM kaI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| kumArapAla ( 1144-74 I0 ) ne tAraMgA ( mahesANA ) meM ajitanAtha aura jAlaura ke kAMcanagiri ( suvarNagiri) para pArzvanAtha maMdiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa|27 caulukya zAsakoM ke atirikta maMtriyoM, senApatiyoM evaM anya viziSTa janoM aura vyApAriyoM ne bhI aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAkara jaina kalA ko apanA samarthana pradAna kiyaa| aise mandiroM meM delavAr3A sthita vimalavasahI va lUNavasahI mukhya haiN| rAjasthAna ke aneka jaina mandiroM meM 8vIM zatI I0 kA jodhapura sthita osiyAM kA pratihArakAlIna mahAvIra maMdira prArambhikatama hai| cAhamAna zAsakoM ke samaya meM nADola meM neminAtha, zAntinAtha evaM padmaprabha mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| isake atirikta anya zAsakoM dvArA jaina mandiroM ke liye dAna dene kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / 28 rAjasthAna ke vaizyoM ne bhI aneka maMdiroM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| uttara pradeza meM devagar3ha kA mandira-12 ( zAntinAtha mandira-862 I0 ) jaina sthApatya kA eka sundara udAharaNa hai| madhyapradeza meM vyApArika samRddhi tathA vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke dharmasahiSNu zAsakoM ke prazraya ke phalasvarUpa aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| pratihAra zAsakoM ke kAla meM hI 10vIM zato I0 ke prArambha meM gyArasapura meM mAlAdevI jaina mandira kA nirmANa huA / khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM ke atirikta candela rAjya meM sarvatra prApta hone vAlI jaina mUrtiyA~ evaM mandira jaina dharma ke prati unake udAra dRSTikoNa kI puSTi karate haiM 29 khajurAho ke pArzvanAtha, AdinAtha, ghaNTaI va zAntinAtha mandiroM meM 13
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________________ 194 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana pArzvanAtha sabase bar3A hai| vartamAna meM sAndhAra zailI ke isa mandira ( la0950-70 I0 ) meM ardhamaNDapa, mahAmaNDapa, antarAla va garbhagRha surakSita haiM aura ve eka hI pradakSiNA mArga se ghire hue haiN| garbhagRha se saTakara pIche pazcima kI ora eka pRthak devAlaya bhI banA huA hai jo isa mandira kI eka abhinava vizeSatA hai / maMDapa kI chata kA utkorNana utkRSTa zailI kA hai / chata ke madhya meM lolaka ko belabUToM va ur3atI huI mAnavAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai / pravezadvAra para garuDavAhinI dazabhujI cakrezvarI kI mUrti tathA garbhagRha kI bAhya bhittiyoM para apsarAoM, jinoM evaM brAhmaNa devoM kI manohArI mUrtiyA~ ukerI haiM / 30 khajurAho ke jaina mandiroM meM zikhara kI racanA ko vizeSa mahattva diyA gayA hai / jainadharma ko gvAliyara va dubakuNDa ke kacchapaghATa zAsakoM kA bhI samarthana prApta thA jisake phalasvarUpa jaina mandiroM ke liye inake dvArA dAna diye jAne ke ullekha prApta hote haiM / 39 kalcurI zAsakoM dvArA jaina gharmaM ke samarthana se sambandhita bahuribandha lekha ke anusAra gayAkarNa ke rAjya meM sarvadhara ke putra mahAbhoja dvArA zAntinAtha ke mandira kA nirmANa karavAyA gayA / 12 jaina tIrthoM meM saurASTra pradeza ke zatruJjaya ( pAlItANA ) parvata para jitane jaina mandira haiM, utane anyatra kahIM nahIM haiM / zatruJjaya mAhAtmya ke anusAra yahA~ prathama tIrthaMkara ke kAla se hI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa hotA AyA hai / 33 saurASTra kA dUsarA mahAna tIrthakSetra giranAra (arjayanta yA raivataka ) hai jahA~ neminAtha ne nirvANa prApta kiyA / jaina granthoM meM bhI mandiroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha milatA hai / harivaMzapurANa kI prazasti meM jinasena ne spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai ki zaka saMvat 705 ( 783 I0 ) se unhoMne vardhamAnapura ke pArkhAlaya ( pArzvanAtha maMdira ) kI annarAja - vasati meM baiThakara harivaMzapurANa kI racanA kI aura usake zeSa bhAga ko vahIM ke zAntinAtha maMdira meM pUrA kiyaa| isase vardhamAnapura meM ( vartamAna badanAvara ) 8vIM zatI I0 meM hI pArzvanAtha evaM zAntinAtha ke do jaina maMdiroM kA honA siddha hotA hai / yaha mandira 400 varSa taka vidyamAna rahA / 34 giranAra ke tIrthaM kA sarvaprAcIna ullekha samantabhadrakRta vRhatvayaMbhUstrota ( la0 5vIM zatI I0 ) meM milatA hai jisake anusAra samantabhadra ke samaya arjayanta ( giranAra ) parvata para neminAtha kI mUrti
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 195 yA caraNacihna pratiSThita thA aura zikhara para aMbikA kI mUrti thii| vartamAna meM yahA~ sabase prasiddha va vizAla jaina maMdira neminAtha maMdira hai jisakA nirmANa cAlukya nareza jayasiMha ke daMDAdhipa sajjana ne 1185 I0 meM karAyA thaa|35 yahA~ kA dUsarA ullekhanIya maMdira vastupAla dvArA nirmita mallinAtha tIrthaMkara kA hai| jaina maMdira ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-ghara derAsara ( yA gRha maMdira ) aura pASANa yA kASTha meM nirmita mNdir| ghara derAsara gujarAtI jaina samAja kI apanI eka vizeSatA hai aura aisA maMdira prAyaH pratyeka ghara meM hotA hai| gujarAta va dakSiNa bhArata ke hindU gharoM meM bhI gaha-maMdira hote haiN| kintu jaina derAsaroM kI apanI pRthaka vizeSatAe~ haiM / ghara meM ina derAsaroM kA nirmANa pASANa yA kASTha nirmita maMdiroM ko laghu anukRti ke rUpa meM parivAra ke sadasyoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| sUkSma zilpAMkana aura raMgoM Adi se inakA alaMkaraNa bhI hotA hai| pASANa yA kASTha nirmita pratyeka jaina maMdira ke cAroM ora sAmAnyataH prAcIra hotI hai jisake antarbhAga meM tIrthaMkaroM ke devakoSTha hote haiM / 36 bAhmaNa maMdiroM kI hI bhA~ti jaina maMdiroM ke bhI do mukhya bhAga hote haiM-maNDapa (yA gar3ha maNDapa) jisameM bhakta ekatra hote haiM aura mukhya maMdira (garbhAlaya yA garbhagRha yA mUlaprAsAda ) jisameM iSTadeva kI pratimA pratiSThita hotI hai| maNDapa kI saMyojanA paMktibaddha stambhoM para hotI hai| ve toraNoM va dharanoM ko Azraya pradAna karate haiM jinapara vistRta alaMkaraNa hote haiM / 37 maNDapa ke kaI bheda haiM-(1) prAsAda kamala (garbhagRha yA maMdira kA mukhya bhAga ), (2) trikamaNDapa (jisameM stambhoM kI tIna-tIna paMktiyoM dvArA tIna Ar3I aura tIna khar3I vIthiyA~ hotI haiM ), (3) gUr3hamaNDapa (bhittiyoM se ghirA huA maNDapa), (4) raMgamaNDapa ( yA sabhAmaNDapa), (5) satoraNa balAnaka ( meharAbadAra cbuutre)|38 zikhara ke rUpa meM vartAlukAra chata hotI hai jo Upara kI ora U~cI hotI jAtI hai| AdipurANa meM jina maMdira ke zikhara ke agrabhAga para vAyu se hilatI patAkAoM kA ullekha hai|39 jaina maMdiroM ke dvAra kI caur3AI U~cAI kI AdhI aura caukhaTa para yathocita sthAna para tIrthaMkaroM, pratihAra yugala, madanikA Adi kI AkRtiyoM ko ulkIrNa karane kA ullekha hai| jagatI ko AdhAra mAnakara hI maMdira kA nirmANa hotA hai / 40 AdipurANa meM U~ce maNimaya zikharoM se yukta jina maMdira kA ullekha
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________________ 196 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana hai jisakI dIvAroM para kAle, pIle, nIle, lAla Adi raMgoM se aneka citra bane hue the| maMdira meM jharokhoM, bhItara laTakate hue ghaNToM tathA majabUta stambhoM kA bhI ullekha hai|41 AdipurANa meM eka anya sthala para U~ce zikharoM va ratnoM kI kAMti se zobhAyamAna jinendra deva ke caityAlaya kA ullekha hai jisameM jinendradeva kI suvarNamayI pratimA thii|42 uttarapurANa meM nagara ke bAhara manohara nAmaka udyAna meM hajAra zikharoM se yukta jina maMdira kA ullekha hai jisake samIpa hI svaccha jala evaM khile hue kamaloM se zobhAyamAna sarovara the|43 isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina maMdira U~ce va aneka zikharoM se yukta hote the tathA unake samIpa hI svaccha jala ke sarovara bhI hote the| jaina purANoM meM parvata para bhI jaina maMdiroM ke nirmANa kA ullekha huA hai / 44 harivaMzapurANa meM vijayArdhaparvata ke siddhAyatana nAmaka kUTa para siddhakUTa nAmaka eka vizAla jina maMdira kA ullekha hai jo pauna koza U~cA, AdhA koza caur3A tathA eka koza lambA thaa|45 harivaMzapurANa meM hI eka anya sthala para cAra dizAoM meM nirmita paccIsa yojana lambI, sAr3he bAraha yojana caur3I, AdhA koza gaharI tathA paune unnIsa yojana U~ce jinAlayoM kA ullekha haA hai| ina jinAlayoM meM devachanda nAmaka eka garbhagRha kA ullekha hai jo dedIpyamAna ratnoM se nirmita vizAla stambhoM, sUvarNamayI dIvAroM tathA una para bane candra, sUrya, ur3ate hue pakSI evaM hariNa-hariNiyoM ke yugma se alaMkRta thaa| garbhagRha meM suvarNa va ratnoM se nirmita pA~ca sau dhanuSa U~cI, eka sau ATha jina pratimAe~ thIM jinake pAsa cAmaradhArI nAgakumAra evaM yakSoM ke yugala khar3e the| samasta pratimAe~ sanatkumAra, yakSa tathA nivRtti evaM zruta devI kI mUrtiyoM se yukta thiiN| jinAlayoM meM jharokhe, gaha jAliyA~, motiyoM kI jhAlara tathA ghaMTiyoM kA ullekha hai| pratyeka jina maMdira meM suvarNamaya ekaeka koTa evaM cAroM dizAoM meM pacAsa yojana U~ce gopura se yukta cAra toraNadvAra hote the jinapara siMha, haMsa, gaja, padma, vRSabha, mayUra, garuDa, cakra aura mAlA ke cihnoM se cihnita dhvajAoM ke phaharAne kA ullekha hai| caityAlayoM ke Age vizAla sabhAmaNDapa, usake Age lambA caur3A prakSAgRha, stUpa aura stUpa ke Age padmAsana meM virAjamAna pratimAoM se suzobhita caityavRkSa va jinAlaya ke pUrva dizA meM zuddha jala se pUrNa sarovara kA bhI varNana milatA hai|46 padmapurANa ke anusAra jina maMdiroM meM jinendradeva Adi ke citra bhittiyoM para nirmita hote the| alaMkRta dvAra ke donoM kinAroM para kalaza rahate the| maMdira ko sundara DhaMga se susajjita
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 197 kiyA jAtA thA / 47 digambara jaina paramparA meM 'mAnaka stambha' athavA 'mAnavastambha' nAma se sambodhita stambha kI prathA thii|48 ___ jaina purANoM ke anusAra jaina maMdira nRtya va saMgIta kI prastuti ke bhI sthala the|49 jaina maMdiroM meM raMgamaNDapa isI uddezya kI pUrti karate the| harivaMzapurANa meM maMdiroM meM chatra, cAmara, bhuMgAra, kalaza, dhvaja, darpaNa, paMkhA aura TorAina ina ATha mAMgalika vastuoM kA bhI ullekha hai|50 samavasaraNa : samavasaraNa eka deva nirmita sabhAgAra hai jahA~ kaivalya prApti ke pazcAt pratyeka jina apanA pahalA upadeza dete haiM aura devatA, manuSya evaM paraspara zatru bhAva vAle vanya prANI Apasa kA vara-bhAva bhUlakara usa upadeza kA zravaNa karate haiM / 51 mahApurANa ke anusAra samavasaraNoM kA nirmANa indra ne kiyA thaa| sAtavIM zatI I0 ke bAda jaina granthoM meM jina samavasaraNoM ke vistRta ullekha haiM / 52 AdipurANa meM ullekha hai kiisameM samasta sura-asura Akara divya dhvani ke avasara kI pratIkSA karate hue baiThate haiM isaliye gaNadhara Adi devoM ne usako 'samavasaraNa' jaisA sArthaka nAma diyaa| __ jaina purANoM meM samavasaraNa kI racanA kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana milatA hai / 54 sUryamaNDala kI bhA~ti vartulAkAra racanA, eka aisI vAstukRti ke sadRza hai jise vizAla sodyAna-prekSAgRha kaha sakate haiM kintu isakA prasAra bAraha yojana hotA thA / 55 samavasaraNa ke nirmANa vidhi kA sundara, bhavya evaM vistRta varNana padmapurANa56, harivaMzapurANa57 aura AdipurANa meM milatA hai| inameM samavasaraNa sambandhI sAmAnya bhami. sopAna, vIthi, dhulizAla, caityaprAsAda, nRtyazAlA, mAnastambha, stupa, maNDapa tathA gaMdhakuTI Adi ke vinyAsa, pramANa evaM AkAra Adi kA varNana huA hai| samavasaraNa kI racanA lagabhaga 12 yojana AyAma meM sUryamaNDala ke sadaza golAkAra hotI hai / samavasaraNa kI bhUmi svAbhAvika bhUmi se eka hAtha U~cI, kamala ke AkAra kI tathA indranIla maNi se nirmita hotI thI / samavasaraNa kA pITha itanA U~cA hotA thA ki vahA~ taka pahu~cane ke liye cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka hAtha U~co do sau sIr3hiyA~ hotI thiiN| isa bhUmi ke cAroM mahAdizAoM meM cAra mahAvIthiyA~ hotI thiiN|59 ___ isake cAroM ora dhUlizAla hotA thA jisakI tulanA cahAradIvArI
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________________ 198 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana se kI jA sakatI hai / ye suvarNa ke stambhoM ke agrabhAga para lage ratnoM ke toraNoM se dedIpyamAna hote the / 60 dhulizAla ke cAroM dizAoM meM vijaya, vaijayanta, jayanta va aparAjita nAmaka gopuradvAra hote the| ye nAma kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM sthApatya ke sandarbha meM vaNita nAmoM kA smaraNa karAte haiM / vIthiyoM ke madhya meM cAra 'mAnastaMbhoM' kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA jina para suvarNa va ratnamayI mUrtiyA~ hotI thiiN|61 mAnastambha kA mUla bhAga hIre kA, madhyabhAga sphaTika kA tathA agrabhAga vaidUryamaNi kA banA hotA thaa| mAnastambha AkAra meM gola cAra gopuradvAroM tathA dhvajApatAkAoM se yukta eka koTa se ghirA hotA thaa| isake cAroM ora sundara vanakhaNDa meM soma, yama, varuNa aura kubera ke ramaNIka krIr3A nagara hote the| mAnastaMbha kramazaH choTe hote hue tIna golAkAra pIThoM para sthApita hotA thaa| isake cAroM ora caMvara, ghaNTA, kiMkiNI, ratnahAra va dhvajAoM kI zobhA hotI thii| mAnastambha ke zikhara para cAroM ora aSTaprAtihAryoM se yukta eka-eka jinendra pratimA hotI thii| pratyeka mAnastambha ke cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka vApikA hotI thii| 62 jisa jagatI para mAnastambha hotA thA vaha jagatI cAra-cAra gopuradvAroM se yukta va tIna koToM se ghirI hotI thii| usake madhya meM eka pIThikA hotI thI jisa taka pahu~cane ke liye sUvarNa kI 16 sIr3hiyA~ hotI thiiN| manuSya, deva, mAnava Adi sabhI usakI pUjA karate the|63 mAnastambhoM ke mUlabhAga meM jinendra kI suvarNamaya pratimAe~ hotI thiiN| jagatI ke madhya meM tIna kaTanIdAra eka pITha hotA thaa| usa pITha ke agra bhAga para hI mAnastambha pratiSThita kie jAte the| inakA mUla bhAga bahuta sundara hotA thA aura ve suvarNa se bahuta U~ce nirmita kie jAte the| unake mastaka para tIna chatra (indradhvaja) hote the|64 mAnastambha ke samIpavartI bhU-bhAga meM, pratyeka dizA meM cAra-cAra bAvar3iyA~ hotI thiiN| ye bAvar3iyA~ svaccha jala va padma se yukta hotI thiiN| ina bAvar3iyoM meM maNiyoM kI sIr3hiyA~ lagI hotI thIM aura kinAre kI U~cI jamIna sphaTika maNi kI hotI thii| 65 bAvar3iyoM se thor3I dUra haTakara samavasaraNa ke cAroM ora svaccha jala, jalacaroM evaM jalajoM se yukta parikhA hotI thii| isakA bhItarI bhAga latAvana se ghirA hotA thaa| vaha latAvana, latAoM, jhAr3iyoM sabhI RtuoM meM puSpita hone vAle vRkSa Adi se zobhAyamAna hotA thaa| latAvana ke bhItara kI ora samavasaraNa ko cAroM ora se ghere hue
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 199 suvarNamaya koTa hotA thaa| yaha koTa motI, mUgA va padmarAgamaNiyoM se jaTita evaM kalpalatAoM Adi se citrita hotA thaa| koTa ke cAroM dizAoM meM rajata nirmita cAra bar3e-bar3e U~ce zikharoM va tIna khaNDa vAle gopuradvAra hote the| ina gopuradvAroM para bhRgAra, kalaza aura darpaNa Adi eka sau ATha maMgala dravya zobhita hote the| ye dvAra AbhUSaNoM se yukta sau-sau toraNoM aura pAsa meM rakhe 9 nidhiyoM se yukta hote the / 67 / / pratyeka dizAoM ke gopuradvAra ke bhItarI mArga meM do-do nATyazAlAe~ hotI thIM jo tIna khaNDoM kI hotI thiiN| inameM deva kanyAyeM nRtya karatI thiiN| nATyazAlA se kucha Age calakara do dhUpaghaTa hote the| dhapaghaToM se kucha Age calakara mukhya galiyoM ke bagala meM azoka, saptaparNa, campaka va Ama ke vRkSoM va puSpoM se yukta cAra-cAra vanavIthiyA~ hotI thiiN| una vanoM ke bhItara kahIM trikoNAtmaka aura kahIM caukora bAvar3iyA~ hotI thiiN| ina vanoM meM kahIM kamaloM se yukta choTe-choTe tAlAba, kahIM kRtrima parvata, kahIM do-tIna khaNDoM ke manohara mahala, kahIM krIr3A maNDapa aura kahIM ajAyabaghara bane hote the|69 azoka, saptaparNa, campaka va Amra vRkSoM ke svAmI usI jAti ke caitya vRkSa hote the jinake mUla bhAga meM jinendradeva kI cAra pratimAe~ hotI thiiN| sambhavataH ina vRkSoM ke mUla bhAga meM jinendra kI pratimA sthApita hone ke kAraNa hI inheM caitya vRkSa ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA gyaa| vana ke anta meM cAroM ora eka-eka suvarNamayo va ratna jaTita vana vedI hotI thii| isa vana vedI ke gopuradvAra cAMdI ke bane hue tathA aSTamaMgala dravya, saMgIta, vAdya, nRtya va ratnamaya toraNoM se suzobhita hote the / in vedikAoM ke Age suvarNamaya stambhoM ke agrabhAga para mAlA, vastra, mayara, kamala, haMsa, garur3a, siMha, vRSabha, gaja aura cakra se cinhita dhvajAoM kI paMktiyA~ hotI thii| pratyeka dizA meM eka hI prakAra kI 108 dhvajAe~ hotI thiiN| cAroM dizAoM meM kula cAra hajAra tIna sau bIsa dhvajAyeM hotI thiiN|71 ina dhvajAoM ke uparAnta pUrvavat cA~dI kA bar3A koTa hotA thA jo gopuradvAroM, nau nidhiyoM, nATyazAlAoM, dhUpaghaTa va kalpavRkSoM ke vana se suzobhita hotA thA / 72 koTa ke gopuradvAroM ke bhItara kI ora suvarNa va candrakAntamaNiyoM se nirmita aura aneka prakAra ke ratnoM se citrita do-tIna-cAra aTTAlikAoM va zikharoM se yukta makAnoM kI paMktiyA~ hotI thIM / mahAvithiyoM ke
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________________ 200 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana madhya bhAga meM nau-nau stUpa hote the| atyanta U~ce padmarAga maNiyoM se nirmita ye stUpa tIrthaMkaroM aura siddhoM kI pratimAoM se yukta tathA chatra evaM ATha maMgala dravyoM aura dhvajAoM se zobhita hote the| 73 stUpa ke Age sphaTika maNi va nAnA prakAra ke ratnoM se nirmita sAta khaNDoM vAle cAra gopuradvAroM se suzobhita tIsarA koTa hotA thaa| tInoM koToM ke gopuradvAroM para gadA Adi se yukta vyantara, bhavanavAsI aura kalpavAsI deva dvArapAla ke rUpa meM upasthita hote the / usa koTa se lekara pITha paryanta lambI ora mahAvIthiyoM ke antarAla meM solaha dIvAreM hotI thoM jo samavasaraNa ke bAraha sabhAoM kA vibhAjana karatI thiiN| una dIvAroM ke Upara ratnamaya stambhoM para AkAza sphaTika maNi kA banA zrImaNDapa hotA thaa| samavasaraNa meM jina tIna pIThoM kA nirmANa hotA thA unameM prathama pITha para cAra hajAra dharmacakra, dvitIya para ATha prakAra kI mahAdhvajAe~ tathA tRtIya pITha para zrImaNDapa ko suzobhita karane vAlA aneka maMgaladravyoM sahita gandhakUTI hotA thA jisa para jinendradeva kA siMhAsana hotA thA / 75 gandhakUTI ke AsapAsa bAraha zrImaNDapa hote the jisakI lambAI-caur3AI eka yojana hotI thii| ye pratyeka dizA meM vIthipatha ko chor3akara 4-4 bhittiyoM ke antarAla se tInatIna hote the aura unakI U~cAI tIrthaMkara ke zarIra kI U~cAI se 12 gunI hotI thii| dharmopadeza ke samaya ye koThe kramazaH pUrva se pradakSiNA krama se-(1) gaNadharoM, (2) kalpavAsinI deviyoM, (3) AyikA va zrAvikAoM, ( 4 ) jyotiSI deviyoM, (5 ) vyantara deviyoM, (6 ) bhavanavAsinI deviyoM, (7) bhavanavAsI devoM, (8) vyantara devoM, (9) jyotiSI devoM, (10) kalpavAsI devoM va indroM, (11) cakravartI Adi manuSyoM evaM ( 12 ) gaja siMha Adi samasta tIryaca jIvoM ke baiThane ke lie niyata hote the| ___ zrImaNDapa ke bIcobIca tIna pIThikAoM ke Upara gaMdhakuTI kI racanA hotI thI jisakA AkAra caukora hotA thaa| antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke gaMdhakUTI kI U~cAI 75 dhanuSa arthAta lagabhaga 500 phuTa batalAI gayI hai|77 gandhakUTI ke madhya bhAga meM uttama siMhAsana hotA thA jisapara virAjamAna hokara tIrthaMkara apanA pahalA dharmopadeza dete the| gandhakuTI cAroM ora laTakate hue bar3e-bar3e motiyoM kI jhAlaroM evaM suvarNamayI moTI va lambI jAlI se suzobhita hotI thii| RSabhadeva ke gandhakuTI ko 600
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 201 dhanuSa caur3I, utanI hI lambI tathA caur3AI se kucha adhika U~cI batAyA gayA hai|" gandhakuTI ke madhya meM sthita siMhAsana suvarNa nirmita vaaneka prakAra ke ratnoM se jaTita hotA thaa| isa prakAra vIthikA, mahAvIthikA, koTa, dhUlizAla, nATyazAlA, dhvajAbhUmi, caityavRkSa va stUpa, zrImaNDapa va gandhakuTI se yukta samavasaraNa sabhA na kevala jaina paramparA meM dhArmika mahatva kA hai balki jaina sthApatya kA bhI eka utkRSTa namUnA hai| ina samavasaraNoM ke mUrta udAharaNa kevala 11vIM se 13vIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke kumbhAriyA ( mahAvIra va zAntinAtha maMdira ), vimalavasahI evaM kaimbe Adi zvetAmbara sthaloM para hI mile haiN|| ___ samavasaraNoM ke utkIrNana meM Upara varNita vizeSatAe~ hI darazAhI gayI haiN| sabhI samavasaraNa tIna vRttAkAra prAcIroM vAle bhavana ke rUpa meM nirmita haiN| inake UparI bhAga adhikAMzataH maMdira ke zikhara ke rUpa meM pradarzita haiN| samavasaraNoM meM padmAsana meM baiTho jinoM kI cAra matiyA~ bhI utkorNa rahatI haiN| lAMchanoM ke abhAva samavasaraNoM kI jina mUrtiyoM kI pahacAna sambhava nahIM hai| sAmAnya prAtihAryoM se yukta jina mUrtiyoM meM kabhI-kabhI yakSa-yakSI bhI nirupita rahate haiM / pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra pravezadvAra aura dvArapAloM kI mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM / bhittiyoM para devatAoM, sAdhuoM, manuSyoM evaM pazuoM kI AkRtiyA~ banI rahatI haiN| dUsare aura tIsare prAcIroM kI bhittiyoM para siMha-gaja, siMha-mRga, siMha-vRSabha, mayUra-sarpa aura nakula-sarpa jaise paraspara zatrubhAva vAle pazuoM ke yugala aMkita hote haiN| __ gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka khaNDita samavasaraNa kumbhAriyA ke mahAvIra maMdira kI devakulikA meM hai| isa samavasaraNa ke pratyeka prAcIra ke pravezadvAroM para daNDa aura phaladhArI dvibhuja dvArapAloM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / gyArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka udAharaNa mAravAr3a ke jaina maMdira se milA hai aura samprati sUrata ke jaina devAlaya meM pratiSThita hai| vimalavasahI kI devakUlikA meM la0 bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka samavasaraNa hai| isameM upara kI ora cAra dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| sabhI jinoM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI nirupita haiN| bArahavIM zatI I0 kA eka anya samavasaraNa kaimbe se milA hai / kumbhAriyA ke zAntinAtha maMdira ko devakulikA meM 1209 I0 kA eka samavasaraNa hai| cAra dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyoM ke atirikta isameM 24 choTI jina mUrtiyA~ bhI utkIrNa haiN| pA~ca aura sAta sarpaphaNoM ke chatroM se yukta do jina mUrtiyA~ supArzva aura pArzva ko haiM /
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________________ 202: jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavana : jaina purANoM meM bhavana nirmANa kalA ke sambandha meM aneka tathya prApta hote haiN| padmapurANa va AdipurANa meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA zilpakalA kI zikSA prajA ko diye jAne kA ullekha hai| 2 / padmapurANa meM nagara meM nivAsa hetu gRha, AgAra ( choTe mahala ), prAsAda ( bar3e mahala ) tathA sadma ( bar3e mahala ) Adi zabdoM kA prayoga AyA hai / 3 inakI cUne se putAI kI jAtI thii| mahaloM kI bhittiyoM para kAle, pIle, nIle, lAla evaM hare ina pA~ca raMgoM ke cUrNa se belakUTe citrita kiye jAte the| zubha evaM mAMgalika avasaroM para dvAroM para jala se paripUrNa kalaza rakhe jAte the aura mAlAeM va acche-acche vastroM dvArA zobhArtha unheM susajjita karate the|5 jaina purANoM meM rAjaprAsAdoM kI vibhinna vizeSatAoM kA ullekha milatA hai / harivaMzapurANa meM candrakAnta va padmarAga-maNiyoM se yukta va zaMkha ke samAna zveta mahala kA ullekha hai jo nagara ke madhya meM sthita thaa| isake dvAra ke toraNa hIre ke aura dvAra suvarNa tathA ratnamaya the| usake cAroM ora uso ke samAna vistAra vAle aura bhI bahuta se bhavanoM ke hone kA ullekha hai| harivaMzapurANa meM eka anya sthala para aneka khaNDoM, suvarNamaya prAkAra tathA gopuroM, maNimaya pharza, antaHpura vApikA tathA bAga Adi se vibhUSita rAjaprAsAdoM kA varNana hai / 7 rAjaprAsAdoM meM U~ceU~ce va suvarNa ke kalaza se yukta zikharoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thaa| rAjabhavanoM kA mukha pUrva dizA kI ora hotA thA evaM isameM aneka prakAra kI galiyA~, koTa, zRMgAra-gRha ityAdi hote the| rAjabhavana ke cAroM ora cAra daravAjoM, koTa va gopuradvAroM se suzobhita bahata bar3A aura caukora svayaMvara-mahAbhavana hotA thaa| rAjaprAsAdoM ke dharAtala pakke va nIlamaNiyoM se jaTita hote the|9 rAjA ke darabAra meM aneka gopura, koTha, sabhAbhavana, zAlAe~, kUTa, prekSAgRha tathA kAryAlaya Adi kA honA anivArya thA / 90 rAjabhavana meM eka bAhya daravAjA aura andara jAkara maNimaya dharAtala se suzobhita sabhAbhavana hotA thA / sabhAbhavana ke madhya meM ratnajaTita staMbhoM se yukta ratnamaNDapa hotA thA jisapara rezamI vastroM ke caMdove tAne jAte the tathA motiyoM va maNiyoM se yukta lambe-lambe phAnUsa laTakAye jAte the| ratnamaNDapa meM sthita U~ce siMhAsana para rAjA suzobhita hotA thaa|1 rAjaprAsAda U~ce hote the aura unake zikharoM ke agrabhAga
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 203 para dhvajAe~ phaharAtI thIM / 12 rAjamahala zreSTha vRkSoM se yukta udyAnoM meM sthita hote the / 3 rAjabhavana kI bhUmi ko cA~dI tathA suvarNa ke lepa se sundara banAyA jAtA thA / 14 rAjaprAsAdoM ke daravAje bar3e-bar3e ratnoM se jaTita tathA vizAla AkAra ke hote the / prAsAda se saMlagna pramodavana " kA nirmANa hotA thA jisameM rAjA avakAza kAla meM apane priyajanoM ke sAtha manovinoda kiyA karatA thA / bhavanoM ke pramukha aMga : jaina purANoM meM varNita bhavanoM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para inake nimnalikhita pramukha aMga mAne jA sakate haiM 1. dvAra : prAsAda ke dvAra U~ce prAkAra tathA raMga-biraMge toraNoM se suzobhita hote the / ina para dedIpyamAna belabUTe ukere jAte the / 97 ye dvAra vizAla hote the / inake nirmANArthaM kASTha, ratna, maNi evaM suvarNa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / " dvAra abhyAntara evaM bAhya do prakAra ke hote the / 99 2. stambha : stambha bhavanoM ke eka pramukha aMga the jinakA nirmANa iMTa va patthara ke atirikta suvarNa tathA ratnoM se bhI kiyA jAtA thA / 100 3. AsthAna - maNDapa : jaina purANoM meM AsthAna - maNDapa zabda kA prayoga milatA hai / 101 harSacarita meM isako AsthAna, rAjasabhA, sabhA tathA sabhAmaNDala kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / rAjA 'AsthAna - maNDapa' meM baiThakara vicAravimarza karate the / 102 4. anya maNDapa : jaina purANoM meM latA - maNDapa, AsthAyikA, AhAramaNDapa, kunda-maNDapa tathA sannAha- maNDapa Adi kA ullekha AyA hai / 103 AhAra - maNDapa kA prayoga bhojana karane va sannAha- maNDapa AyudhazAlA ke rUpa meM zastrAstra va vAdya yaMtra rakhane ke liye prayukta hotA thA / 104 5. sabhA : padmapurANa meM sabhA ke liye sadma zabda kA prayoga hai / rAjasabhAoM ke cAroM ora vizAla khulA maidAna hotA thA jahA~ bahuta se loga baiThate the / yaha maidAna rAjamahala se AvRtta rahatA thA tathA isake gavAkSoM se striyA~ sabhA ke kAryakalApoM kA avalokana karatI thIM / 105 6. gavAkSa : padmapurANa meM gavAkSa ke liye vAtAyana, jAlaka va maNijAlaka zabda prayukta huA hai / gavAkSa jAla ke samAna va maNijaTita hotA thA / 106
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________________ 204 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 7. vISikA : yaha eka lambI nahara hotI thI jo rAjamahaloM se hotI huI gRhodyAna taka jAtI thii| isake madhya meM krIr3A-vApiyA~ nirmita kI jAtI thiiN| uttama udyAnoM ke madhya sthita, phUloM se suzobhita, uttama sIr3hiyoM se yukta evaM krIr3A ke yogya dIpikAoM kA ullekha padmapurANa meM milatA hai / 107 8.dhArAgRha : rAjaprAsAdoM meM dhArAgRha hote the jisameM kaI sthAnoM para phavvAreM nirmita hote the / 108 bhavana ke prakAra aura svarUpa : - jaina purANoM meM gRha yA geha,109 prAsAda, AgAra, mandira, aAlaya, sadma, vezma, nilaya, caitya, kUTa, vimAna, jinendrAlaya, zAlA, puSkarAvarta, gRha-kUTaka, vaijayanta-bhavana, girikUTaka aura sarvatobhadra nAmaka bhavanoM ke ullekha milate haiM / 110 nirmANa va upayogitA kI dRSTi se pRthaka hone ke kAraNa ye apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiN| ___ AvAsa gRhoM kA nirdhAraNa va nirmANa satarkatA pUrvaka sthApatya ke siddhAMtoM aura naimiktika vidhAnoM ke anurupa hI karane kA ullekha hai : udA. haraNArtha-gRha kA agrabhAga pRSThabhAga se saMkarA aura nIcA honA uttama hotA hai / mukhyadvAra pUrva meM, pAkazAlA ( dakSiNa-pazcima koNa ) meM, zayanagAra dakSiNa meM, zaucAlaya ( nIhAra sthAna) dakSiNa-pUrva koNa meM, koSAgAra uttara meM aura dharma sthAna uttara-pUrva se honA cAhiye / AvAsagRha kA vistAra gRhasvAmI kI pratiSThA ke anukUla honA cAhiye / " 1. gRha yA geha : gRha yA geha kA eka hI artha hai| padmapurANa meM gRha aura vezma kA prayoga prAsAda ke artha meM huA hai / 112 AdipurANa ke anusAra pakke makAnoM ke zikharoM para patAkAe~ phaharAI jAtI thIM tathA pratyeka ghara meM kamaloM se yukta vApikAe~ hotI thiiN| 113 gRha ke vAtAyana sar3aka kI ora khulate the aura gRha kI chata para Alinda ( jharokhe ) hote the / gRha ke dvAra para makara, deva, muni, pazu-pakSI, puSpalatA, pallava, matsya Adi kI AkRtiyA~ banAyI jAtI thiiN|114 . ____2. sadama : padmapurANa meM sabhA, vApikA, vimAna tathA bAga-bagIcoM se yukta bhavana ko sadma saMjJA se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| isameM rAjabhavana ko rAjasadma kahA gayA / 15 3. vezma : vezma zabda bhI gRha kA hI bodhaka hai| 4. AgAra : isakA prayoga bhI gRha ke hI artha meM huA hai / padmapurANa meM prasavAgAra kA ullekha hai / 116
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 205 5. Alaya : Alaya zabda bhI gaha se hI sambandhita hai|| 6. snAnAgAra : AdipurANa meM rAjaprAsAda ke andara jImUta nAmaka eka vizAla snAnagRha kA ullekha hai|117 yaha lagabhaga 100 phITa lambA va 80 phITa caur3A hotA thA tathA isakA nirmANa rAjamahala meM pRthaka hI kiyA jAtA thaa| isake madhya meM dhArAgRha 18 tathA vApikA hotI thii|119 7. harmya : rAjA yA dhanika vargoM ke liye nirmita bhavya bhavanoM ko harmya kahA gayA hai / yaha sAta maMjilA hotA thA / 120 8. prAsAda : sAmAnyatayA 'prAsAda' zabda rAjAoM ke bhavanoM ke liye prayukta hotA hai parantu vAstuzAstrIya paribhASA meM isakA prayoga deva maMdira ke liye huA hai| prasanna kumAra AcArya ne 'insAiklopIDiyA oNva hindU ArkITekcara' (pR0 364 ) meM prAsAda zabda kA tAtparya AvAsa bhavana evaM deva mandira batAyA hai / 121 AdipurANa meM saba RtuoM meM sukha dene vAle 'vaijayanta', saba dizAoM ko dekhane ke liye 'girikUTaka' aura varSA Rtu meM nivAsa karane ke liye 'gRhakUTaka' nAmaka rAjamahaloM kA ullekha hai / 122 uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki vibhinna RtuoM va dizAoM ke avalokana Adi kA dhyAna rakhakara rAja-prAsAdoM kA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA / ina bhavanoM ko ghere hue koTa aura ratnajaTita toraNoM se yukta gopura hote the / bhavana ke andara hI nRtyazAlA, bhaNDAragRha va snAnagRha hote the / 123 9, zAlA yA zAlabhavana : jaina purANoM meM yajJazAlA, candrazAlA, prekSakazAlA, AtodyazAlA ( vAdanazAlA), nATyazAlA, nRtyazAlA evaM catuHzAlA Adi kA ullekha hai / 124 inakA pRthak-pRthak astitva hotA thaa| 10. kUTAgAra : jina bhavanoM kA nirmANa aneka zikharoM se yukta hotA thA, unheM kUTAgAra nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| rAjAoM va dhanika vargoM ke liye hI prAyaH inakA nirmANa hotA thaa| kUTAgAra meM U~cI-U~co sor3hiyoM kA prayoga hotA thA / 125 11. puSkarAvarta 26 : yaha eka vizeSa rAjamahala thA jisakA nirmANa IToM dvArA hotA thaa| 12. bhaNDAra-gaha 127 : vibhinna sAmagrI ke saMcayanArtha eka viziSTa prakAra ke gRha kA pRthaka nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA jise bhaNDAra-gRha nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa|
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________________ 206 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana pAda-TippaNI 1. hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 283 / 2. vahIM, pR0 284 / 3. devI prasAda mizra, jaina purANoM kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, pR0 253 / 4. Avazyaka cUrNI 2, pR0 177 / 5. mAnasAra, adhyAya 2 / 6. mayamata, adhyAya 5 / 7. samarAMgaNasUtradhAra, pR0 235 / 8. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni, pR0 265 / 9. yU0 pI0 zAha, 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saM0 pu0 50, ___ aM0 9, pR0 2 / 10. amalAnanda ghoSa, jainakalA aura sthApatya, bhAga 3, naI dillI 1975, pR0 461, 515-516 / 11. paumacariya 37.61; 92.26; 80.15; 40.16; 8.20, 9.87-89; 10.46-47; 11.3 / 12. AdipurANa (jinasenakRta ), 4.94 / 13. 'caityamAyatana' tulye / amarakoza 2.2.7 / 14. devI prasAda mizra pU0 ni0, pR0 269 / 15. AdipurANa 6.56 / 16. padmapurANa 98.58; 7.338; 33.332 / 17. padmapurANa 28.100 / 18. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni, pR0 318 / 19. padmapurANa 67.14-15 / 20. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, pR0 13 / 21. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni, pR0 320 / 22. sI0 je0 zAha, jainijma ina nArtha iNDiyA, landana 1932, pR0 127 / 23. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 21, 52-75 / 24. horAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 320 / 25. vahIM, pR0 322 / 26. vahIM, pR0 324-25 / 27. pI0 so0 nAhara, jaina inskripzansa, bhAga 1, kalakattA 1918, pR0 239, lekha'saM0 899 /
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________________ anya devI-devatA : 207 28. ema0 e0 DhAkI, 'sama arlI jaina Tempalsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', ma. jai0 vi0 go0 ju0 vA0, bambaI 1968, pR0 295-96; epI0 iNDiyA, khaNDa-9, pR0 49-51 / 29. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0ni0, pR0 27 / 30. kRSNadeva, 'di Tempulsa oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA', ainzieNTa iNDiyA, aM0 15, pR0 35.60 / 31. epi0 iNDiyA, khaNDa-2, pR0 232-40 / 32. vI0 vI0 mirAzI, kA0 0 i0, khaNDa-4, bhAya-1, pR0 161 / 33. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 338 / 34. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 333 / 35. vahIM, pR0 339-40 / 36. amalAnanda ghoSa, jaina kalA aura sthApatya, bhAga-3, naI dillI 1975, pR0 443-46 / 37. vahIM, pR0 447 / 38. vahIM, pR0 520; prabhAzaMkara o0 somapurA, bhAratIya zilpa saMhitA, baMbaI 1975, pR0 206 / 39. AdipurANa 6.184 / 40. amalAnanda ghoSa, pU0 ni0, pR0 517-520 / 41. AdipurANa 6.180-188 / 42. AdipurANa 5.185; 7.271-275 / 43. uttarapurANa 75.403, 407-408 / 44. uttarapurANa 48.107-108; harivaMzapurANa 5.359 / 45. harivaMzapurANa 5.30-31 / 46. harivaMzapurANa 5.354-72 / 47. padmapurANa 71.43-48; 95.38-42 / 48. prabhAzaMkara o0 somapurA, pU0 ni0, pR0 206 / 49. AdipurANa 16.197; 4.77; harivaMzapurANa 5.364-365 / 50. harivaMzapurANa 2.72 / 51. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rupamaNDana, pR0 99; sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, vArANasI 1955, pR0 85-95 / 52. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra 1.3.421-77 / 53. AdipurANa 33.73 / 54. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 295 /
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________________ 208 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 55. amalAnanda ghoSa, pU0 ni0, pR0 544 / 56. padmapurANa 2.135-154; 22.77-312 / 57. harivaMzapurANa 57.1-161; 2.66-87 / 58. AdipurANa 33.74-124; 23.183-194 / 59. harivaMzapurANa 57.5-10 / 60. AdipurANa 33.75 / 61. harivaMzapurANa 57.10-19 / 62. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 296-97; AdipurANa 22.92- 102 / 63. AdipurANa 22.93-95; harivaMzapurANa 57.11-12 / 64. AdipurANa 22.100-102 / 65. AdipurANa 22.103-107; harivaMzapurANa 57.19 / 66. AdipurANa 22.111-127; harivaMzapurANa 57.21-23 / 67. AdipurANa 22.128-146 ; harivaMzapurANa 57.24-26 / 68. AdipurANa 22.148-155; harivaMzapurANa 57.27 / 69. AdipurANa 22.156-176; harivaMzapurANa 57.28-37 / 70. AdipurANa 22.199-201 / 71. AdipurANa 22.205-220; harivaMzapurANa 57.41-47 / 72. AdipurANa 22.239 - 252; harivaMzapurANa 57.48-53 / 73. AdipurANa 22.256-269; harivaMzapurANa 57.54-55 / 74. AdipurANa 22.270-277 / 75. AdipurANa 22.280; harivaMzapurANa 57.140-142 / 76. harivaMzapurANa 77. 148-161; AdipurANa 22.286 / 77. hIrAlAla jaina, pU0 ni0, pR0 297 - 298 / 78. AdipurANa 22.13-24 / 79. AdipurANa 22.25-28 / 80. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 152-54 / 81. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, pR0 153; yU0 pI0 zAha; jaina bronjeja phrAma kaimbe, lalitakalA, aM0 13, pR0 31 32 / 82. padmapurANa 3.255; AdipurANa 16.129-180 / 83. padmapurANa 28.5; 7.77; 8.26; 28.20 // 84. padmapurANa 12.366; AdipurANa 43.246 / 85. padmapurANa 12.367-368 / 86. harivaMzapurANa 5.405-406 /
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________________ anya devI-devatA 209 87. isameM kRSNa kA mahala 18 khaNDoM vAlA batAyA gayA hai / harivaMzapurANa 41.20, 27-30 / 88. uttarapurANa 54.28; AdipurANa 43.204-213 / 89. AdipurANa 43.204-213; padmapurANa; 83.18 / 90. padmapurANa 83.4.8 / 91. AdipurANa 45.116 / 92. padmapurANa .1.113; uttarapurANa 63.369 / 93. AdipurANa 8.19-29 / 94. padmapurANa 81.112 / 95. padmapurANa 8.115; 71.18 / 96. mahApurANa ( puSpadantakRta) 47.9 / 97. padamapurANa 38.83 / 98. padmapurANa 6.124-127; harivaMzapurANa 5.405-406 / 99. padmapurANa 3.117; AdipurANa 45.116 / 100, padmapurANa 80.8 / 101. padmapurANa 3.1; 8.60; mahApurANa 36.200 / 102. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita eka sAMskRtika adhyayana , pR0 204 / 103. mahApurANa 40.299 / 104, padmapurANa 84.14; 28.87 / 105. padmapurANa 12.181 / 106. padmapurANa 38.96 / 107. padRmapurANa 11.329; 19.122 / 108. padmapurANa 83.42; AdipurANa 8.22 / 109. AdipurANa 8.28 / 110. padmapurANa 5.103; 6.124-130; AdipurANa 46.245 / 111. padmapurANa 83.41; 2.37; 2.39; 80.63; 2.40; 53.203; 2.40; 67.15; 112.32; 112.34; 95.37; 68.11; AdipurANa 7.209; 37.150-151; 37.147; 37.149; 37.146 / 112. amalAnanda ghoSa, pU0ni0, pR0 513-515 / 113. padmapurANa 53.264-266 / 114. AdipurANa 4.110-111 / 115. mahApurANa (puSpadanta ) 46.245 / 116. padmapurANa 53.202; 65.9; 6.65 /
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________________ 210 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 117. padmapurANa 3.172 / 118. AdipurANa 37.152 / 119. garmI ko naSTa karane kA sthAna-AdipurANa 37.150 / 120. devI prasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 267 / 121. vahIM / 122. dvijendranAtha zukla, bhAratIya sthApatya, pR0 213 / / 123. AdipurANa 37.147-150 / 124. AdipurANa 37.149-152 / 125. padmapurANa 35.9; 14.131; 95.46, 67.11; 83.18; AdipurANa 33.82; 37.149 / 126. AdipurANa 22.260 / 127. AdipurANa 37.151 / 128. AdipurANa 37.151 /
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________________ aSTama adhyAya sAMskRtika jIvana bhAratIya saMskRti meM satya aura ziva ke sAtha hI sundara ko bhI mahattva diyA gayA hai| bhAratIya dharma aura darzana ke saundaryabodha ke kAraNa hI satya, ziva aura sundara tInoM kI ekAtmakatA sthApita huI / isI kAraNa prasaMga cAhe upAsya devoM kA ho yA apsarAoM yA nAyikAoM kA yA phira sAmAnya strI-puruSoM kA, sabhI ke sandarbha meM unake Antarika yA AdhyAtmika svarUpa aura zakti ke sAtha hI bAhya svarUpa yA rUpa pakSa kI mahattA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gyaa| phalataH mUrta abhivyakti ke sabhI mAdhyamoM evaM sAhitya ko vibhinna vidhAoM meM deva, mAnava, pazu evaM vanaspati jagata ko sundara batAyA aura dikhAyA gyaa| jaina sAhitya aura kalA bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai / isI kAraNa dharma aura darzana se sambandhita carcA ke sAtha hI jaina granthoM meM sAMskRtika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM aura apane AsapAsa ke pariveza ke prati jAgarukatA aura saundaryabodha kA bhAva bhI ujAgara huA hai| isa dRSTi se mahApurANa niHsaMdeha eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| dharma aura darzana yadyapi prAcInakAla se hI bhAratIya saMskRti ke mukhya AdhAra-stambha rahe haiM kintu jIvana aura usake bhautika sAdhanoM se bhI manuSya ko sarvadA lagAva rahA hai| suniyojita nagara, susajjita rAjasabhAyeM, vAdaka, nartaka, vividha AkAra-prakAra ke vastra, AbhUSaNa aura kezavinyAsa Adi bhAratIya jIvana aura saMskRti ke pratIka the| Adima avasthA meM jaba manuSya kI AvazyakatAyeM atyanta sImita thIM aura usake jIvana kA ekamAtra AdhAra AkheTa thA, manuSya prakRti dvArA pradatta sAmagriyoM se hI apanA zRMgAra karatA thA aura apane vastra evaM AbhUSaNoM kI AvazyakatA ko pUrNa karatA thaa| manuSya kI AvazyakatA aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke prati usake lagAva ne hI tatsambandhI kalAoM ko janma diyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa vastroM kI katAI-bunAI, AbhUSaNoM ke nirmANa, kezoM kI vibhinna zailI meM racanA, puSpoM kI mAlA, anulepa, sugaMdhi, nRtya-saMgIta Adi se sambandhita kalAoM kA janma huaa|'
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________________ 212 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana vastra aura AbhUSaNa Adi kA saundarya vRddhi ke liye prAcInakAla se hI prayoga hotA rahA hai kintu isake mahattva ke kucha anya kAraNa bhI rahe haiN| inameM mAMgalika, roga nivAraka evaM svAsthyavardhaka tathA bhAgyodaya meM sahAyaka aura bAdhAoM ko dUra karane kI kSamatA vAlA hone tathA aneka camatkArika moha-mAyAvI zaktiyoM kA AdhAra hone kA paramparAgata vizvAsa bhI pramukha rahA hai|2 elorA kI guphA saM0 33 ke mukhamaNDapa (pUrvI ) ke eka stambha para kAmadeva kI mUrti dekhI jA sakatI hai jisameM tribhaMga meM khar3e devatA ke hAthoM meM ikSudhanu evaM puSpabANa pradarzita haiM jo tatkAlIna viSaya sukha kI pravRtti aura bhautika jagata ke vividha vastrAbhUSaNoM evaM prasAdhana Adi ke mahattva ko abhivyakta karate haiM / jJAtavya hai ki nivRttimArgI jainadharma meM yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anurUpa lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I0 meM brAhmaNa dharma aura kalA paramparA ke anurUpa niyaMtrita bhAva ke sAtha bhautika jagat evaM kAma ke mahattva ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gyaa| harivaMzapurANa meM eka aise jina mandira kA sandarbha AyA hai jisameM sampUrNa prajA ke kautuka ke nimitta kAmadeva aura rati kI mUrti banavAyo gayI thI / yaha jina mandira kAmadeva mandira ke nAma se prasiddha thA (29.1-5) / prastuta adhyAya meM mahApurANa ke sAtha-sAtha jaina evaM jainetara granthoM kI sAmagrI ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / tulanAtmaka vivecana ke liye AvazyakatAnusAra purAtAttvika sAkSyoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| sAMskRtika jIvana ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mukhyataH AbhUSaNa, vastra, prasAdhana va kezavinyAsa tathA nRtya-saMgIta Adi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM aindrikatA kA bhAva vyakta karane vAle AliMganabaddha aura cumbana kI mudrA meM kucha strI-puruSa yugaloM kI AkRtiyA~ bhI banI haiN| sAtha hI ambikA evaM padmAvatI yakSI tathA bAhubalI ko mUrtiyoM ke sAtha do vidyAdhariyoM kI AkRtiyoM meM bhI AkarSaka dehayaSTi tathA alaMkRta mukuTa, vividha zailI ke hAra, keyUra Adi AbhUSaNa tathA vastra sajjA kI vividhatA tatkAlIna vastrAbhUSaNoM ke sundara udAharaNa haiN| AbhUSaNa : AbhUSaNa zRMgAra ke Avazyaka upakaraNa haiN| zRMgAra kI prabala bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI AbhUSaNoM kA nirmANa tathA usakA nirantara vikAsa va pariSkAra huaa| mAnava kI sahaja zRMgAra-pravRtti kI abhivyakti ke
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 213 mAdhyamoM meM AbhUSaNa sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vizva kI sabhI sabhyatAoM meM AbhUSaNoM ko dhAraNa karane kI paramparA prArambha se hI sabhI vargoM aura jAtiyoM meM milato hai / AbhUSaNa nakha se zikha taka ke sabhI aMgoM meM dhAraNa kiye jAte rahe haiM, kintu isake upAdAna kA cunAva samaya, paristhiti, ruci evaM Arthika tathA sAmAjika sthitiyoM ke AdhAra para hotA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ghAsa, pattI, puSpa, haDDI evaM zIze se lekara kAMse, pItala, cA~dI, sone evaM ratnoM Adi taka ke AbhUSaNoM kA nirmANa hotA rahA hai| jaina purANoM meM zArIrika saundarya kI abhivRddhi ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai| uttarapurANa meM kulavatI nAriyoM dvArA alaMkAra dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai jabaki vidhavA striyoM dvArA inake parityAga kA sandarbha milatA hai| uttarapurANa meM AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta hone ke liye 'alaMkaraNagRha' tathA 'zrIgRha'5 kA ullekha mahattvapUrNa hai / uttarapurANa meM bhoga-bhUmi kAla meM bhUSaNAMga tathA mAlAMga jAti ke aise vRkSoM kA ullekha hai jo kramazaH napura, bAja bandha, rucika, aMgada, mekhalA, hAra va mukuTa tathA vividha RtuoM ke puSpoM se nirmita mAlAe~ tathA karNaphUla ityAdi pradAna karate the| AdipurANa kI yaha avadhAraNA spaSTataH bhAratIya paramparA kI pUrvavarto kalpavRkSa ko parikalpanA tathA zuga-kuSANakAlIna ( bharahuta, sAMcI, mathurA) aise kalpavRkSoM ke zilpAMkana se prabhAvita hai jinameM vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM aura vastroM ko kalpavRkSa se laTakate hue dikhAyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki digambara paramparA ke pUrvagrantha tiloyapaNNatti ( 1.4.342-354 ) meM kalpavRkSoM kI sUcI meM bhUSaNAMga evaM mAlAMga ke bhI nAma diye haiN| AbhUSaNa nirmANa ke upAdAna : ___jaina purANoM meM AbhUSaNoM kA nirmANa rajata, svarNa tathA maNi Adi se hone kA sandarbha milatA hai| uttarapurANa meM svarNa ko agni meM tapAkara zuddha karane ke uparAnta hI usase AbhUSaNa banAne kA ullekha hai| samudra meM mahAmaNi ke bar3hane kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ratnajaTita svarNAbhUSaNoM ko ratnA-bhUSaNa kahA jAtA thaa| jaina purANoM meM vibhinna maNiyoM kA sandarbha milatA hai jinakA prayoga adhikAMzataH AbhUSaNoM ke nirmANa meM kiyA jAtA thaa| inameM candrakAntamaNi, sUryakAntamaNi, horA, vaidUryamaNi, kaustubhamaNi, motI, indramaNi, jAtyaMjaya ( kRSNamaNi), padmarAga
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________________ 214 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 11 maNi, haiM ( pItamaNi ), muktA ( zvetamaNi ), gomukhamaNi, sphaTikamaNi, marakatamaNi, padmarAgamaNi 12 tathA pravAla 13 jaise maNiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM / inameM se kucha maNiyoM kA bAhara se AyAta bhI kiyA jAtA thA / 14 AbhUSaNoM ke prakAra : strI va puruSa donoM dvArA samAnarUpa se dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle vibhinna AbhUSaNa sirobhUSaNa, karNAbhUSaNa, grIvAbhUSaNa, karAbhUSaNa, kaTiAbhUSaNa tathA pAdAbhUSaNa the / pratyeka AbhUSaNa ke vividha prakAra pracalita the jinakA aMgAnusAra varNana yahA~ apekSita hai / zirobhUSaNa : sira ko bhUSita karane vAle AbhUSaNoM meM mukhyataH mukuTa, kirITa, cUr3AmaNi, mauli, sImantakamaNi, avataMsa, kuntalI va paTTa kA jaina purANoM meM ullekha milatA hai / .15 (ka) mukuTa 5 - mukuTa deva AkRtiyoM, rAjA aura sAmaMta tInoM ke mastaka kA pramukha AbhUSaNa thA / dIkSApUrva tIrthaMkara bhI mukuTa dhAraNa karate the / 16 deva AkRtiyoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye gaye mukuTa ke agrabhAga para maNiyA~ lagI hotI thIM / 17 niHsandeha mukuTa kA prAcInakAla meM atyadhika mahattva thA aura vizeSataH isakA pracalana rAjaparivAroM meM hI thA / vibhinna prakAra ke mukuTa ke udAharaNa 9vIM - 10vIM zatI I0 ke devagar3ha ( mandira12 ), elorA tathA 11vI-12vIM zatI I0 ke satanA, zahaDola va vimalavasahI ( AbU, rAjasthAna ) kI ambikA, cakrezvarI evaM padmAvatI yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / " (kha) kirITa " - kirITa kA nirmANa svarNa se hotA thA / cakravartI va mahAna samrATa bhI isako dhAraNa karate the / yaha pratibhAzAlI samrAToM kI mahattA kA sUcaka thA ! jaina yakSI cakrezvarI kI mUrtiyoM meM kirITamukuTa kA aMkana sabhI sthaloM para milatA hai / jJAtavya hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA meM viSNu evaM sUrya kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvadA kirITamukuTa hI dikhAyA gayA hai / (ga) kirITI 20 - kirITI kA nirmANa svarNa va maNiyoM dvArA hotA thA / yaha kirITa se kucha choTA hotA thA tathA strI va puruSa donoM hI ise dhAraNa karate the / striyoM meM pracalita kirITI ke udAharaNa hummaca ( karnATaka ) ke jaina mandira se prApta 10vIM zatI I0 kI ambikA evaM 1
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 215 anatUra ( cikamaMgalUra, karnATaka ) se prApta la0 12vIM zatI I0 kI padmAvatI yakSI kI AkRtiyoM meM spaSTataH dekhe jA sakate haiM / 21. (gha) cUr3AmaNi 22 - isakA prayoga devoM, rAjAoM evaM sAmaMtoM dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| cUr3AmaNi ke madhya meM maNi kA honA Avazyaka thA / AdipurANa meM cUr3AmaNi ke sAtha cUr3Aratna zabda bhI prayukta huA hai / 23 vastutaH donoM zabda eka-dUsare ke paryAyavAcI haiM / (Ga) mauli 24 - vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla ke anusAra kezoM ke Upara ke gola svarNapaTTa mauli haiM / 25 padmapurANa ke samAna AdipurANa meM bhI ratnamaya, svarNasUtra meM pariveSThita evaM mAlAoM se yukta mauli kA ullekha milatA hai / yadyapi mauli kA sthAna kirITa ke bAda thA kintu mastaka ke AbhUSaNoM meM yaha mahattvapUrNa thA / sImantakamaNi 26 - striyA~ sImantakamaNi apane sImanta meM dhAraNa karatI thIM / Aja mA~gaTIkA ke rUpa meM isakA pracalana dekhA jA sakatA hai jise vivAhitA striyoM ke lie saubhAgya kA sUcaka mAnA gayA hai / 27 (cha) avataMsa - yuvarAjoM meM avataMsa dhAraNa karane kA pracalana thA / anya mukuToM se yaha adhika sundara hotA thA / mukhyataH puSpoM se hI isakA nirmANa kiyA jAtA thA / isakA AkAra kirITa aura mukuTa se choTA hotA thA / 28 (ja) kuntalI 2 -- kirITa ke sAtha hI kuntalo kA bhI ullekha milatA haiM / sambhavataH AkAra meM kuntalI kirITa se bar3A hotA thA / ise kalaMgI ke rUpa meM keza meM lagAne kI prathA thI / kevala uccavarga ke strI-puruSoM meM hI isakA pracalana thA / 29 (jha) paTTa ? 1 -- bRhatsaMhitA meM paTTa kA svarNanirmita honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai tathA isake pA~ca prakAra batAye gaye haiM-- rAjapaTTa (tIna zikhAe~); mahiSIpaTTa ( tIna zikhAe~), yuvarAjapaTTa ( tIna zikhAe~), senApatipaTTa ( eka zikhA ) tathA prasAdapaTTa ( zikhAvihIna ) 30 / sAmAnyatayA paTTa uSNISa ke Upara bA~dhA jAtA thA / karNAbhUSaNa : kAnoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kI paramparA prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai / samaya ke anusAra kevala inake upAdAnoM meM antara rahA hai / karNAbhUSaNoM ke nirmANa ke liye sAmAnyataH
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________________ 216 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana svarNa, rajata, vibhinna ratnoM, maNiyoM evaM puSpoM Adi kA prayoga hotA thA / striyoM va puruSoM donoM donoM meM karNAbhUSaNa kA samAnarUpa se pracalana thA / kevala unake AkAra-prakAra meM bhinnatA dikhAyI detI hai / striyoM ke karNAbhUSaNoM meM vividhatA bhI dikhAyI detI hai / puruSa sAmAnyatayA kuNDala dhAraNa karate the jabaki striyAM karNaphUla, kuNDala, kanakakamala va avataMsa pahanatI thIM / karNAbhUSaNa kA nirmANa patrAMkura, choTo pattiyoM, puSpoM va hAthI dAMta se bhI hotA thA / " jaina purANoM meM karNAbhUSaNoM ke vibhinna prakAroM kA sandarbha milatA hai / (ka) kuNDala - kuNDala ati lokapriya karNAbhUSaNa thA / AdipurANa meM kapoloM taka laTakane vAle va makara kI AkRti se cinhita ratnamayI kuNDaloM kA ullekha hai / 33 rAjakula ke zizuoM ko bhI maNimaya kuNDala pahanAye jAte the / sAmAnya striyA~ karNamaNiyoM se bane hue kuNDala pahanatI thIM / 34 kevala sAhitya meM hI nahIM, mUrta udAharaNoM meM bhI aise karNAbhUSaNoM ke udAharaNa milate haiM / devagar3ha kI sarvAnubhUti yakSa ( 10vIM zatI I0 ) kI AkRti ke kAnoM meM isa prakAra ke kuNDala dekhe jA sakate ratna evaM maNijaTita kuNDala ke vibhinna nAmoM ke ullekha jaina haiM / purANoM meM milate haiM, udAharaNArthaM maNikuNDala, ratnakuNDala, makarAkRta kuNDala, kuNDalI, makarAMkita kuNDala Adi / samarAiccakahA 7, yazastilaka 3 evaM ajantA kI citrakalA meM inake ullekha aura aMkana milate haiM / ni 3% (kha) avataMsa -- purANoM meM puSpoM evaM komala pattoM se bane avataMsa ke udAharaNa milate haiM / padmapurANa meM isake liye caMcalAvataMsa nAma AyA hai | kumArasambhava meM ziva ke pIche calatI huI striyoM ke karNAvataMsa hilate hue batAye gaye haiM / 40 sambhavataH yaha vartamAna jhumake jaisA laTakatA karNAbhUSaNa thA / (ga) karNaphUla 41 --- adhikAMza striyA~ karNaphUla hI dhAraNa karatIM thIM / harSacarita meM rAjAoM dvArA karNaphUla pahanane kA ullekha hai / 42 AdipurANa meM svarNa ke atirikta pattoM va dhAna kI bAliyoM se nirmita karNaphUla kA bhI ullekha hai jinheM striyA~ dhAraNa karatI thIM / 43 kaNThAbhUSaNa : strI va puruSa donoM hI gale meM vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate the / gale meM dhAraNa karane vAle AbhUSaNoM kI prAcInatA har3appA
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 217 tathA mohanajodar3o se prApta vibhinna hAra va haMsalI Adi se siddha hotI hai / " hAra gale kA pramukha AbhUSaNa thA jisake vividha prakAra, ekAvalI, hArazekhara, hArayaSTi, aDhahAra ( ardhahAra ), lambahAra, nidyautahAra tathA ratnAvalI Adi the|45 jaina purANoM ke anusAra gale ke AbhUSaNoM kA nirmANa svarNa, muktA tathA ratnoM se hotA thaa| muktA, maNi tathA ratnoM se yukta hAra ko adhikAMzataH deva tathA rAjA hI dhAraNa karate the| motiyoM kA hAra nagara kI striyA~ tathA svarNanirmita mAlA grAmINa striyA~ pahanatI thiiN|46 jaina purANoM meM varNita vibhinna kaNThAbhUSaNa nimnavat haiM (ka ) yaSTi-lar3iyoM ke samUha ko yaSTi kahA gayA hai / AdipurANa meM zIrSaka, upazIrSaka, avaghATaka, prakANDaka tathA tarala-prabandha nAmoM se yaSTi ke pA~ca bheda batAye gaye haiN|47 (1) zIrSaka-zIrSaka ke madhya meM eka sthUla motI hoto thii|48 (2) upazIrSaka-isake bIca meM kramazaH bar3hate hue tIna motI hote the|49 ( 3 ) avaghATaka-avaghATaka ke madhya meM eka maNi aura usake donoM ora kramazaH choTe hote hue choTe-choTe motI lage hote the / 50 (4) prakANDaka-isake bIca-bIca meM krama se bar3hate hue pA~ca motI lage hote the| (5) tarala pratibandha-tarala pratibandha yaSTi meM saba sthAnoM para eka samAna motI lage hote the / 51 AdipurANa meM ekAvalI, ratnAvalI tathA apavartikA nAmoM se maNiyukta yaSTiyoM ke anya tIna bhedoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 52 isake atirikta uparyukta pA~ca prakAra ke yaSTiyoM ke maNimadhyA tathA zuddhA bheda se do aura vibheda milate haiM maNimadhyA yaSTi-maNimadhyA yaSTi ke madhya meM eka maNi lagA hotA thaa| maNimadhyA yaSTi ko sUtra tathA ekAvalI bhI kahA gayA hai| maNimadhyA yaSTi ke suvarNa va maNiyoM se citra-vicitra hone para use ratnAvalI nAma diyA gyaa| isake atirikta jisa maNimadhyA yaSTi ko kisI nizcita pramANa vAle suvarNa maNi, mANikya aura motiyoM ke madhya antara dekara gUMthA jAtA thA use apavartikA kahA gayA hai|53 isa prakAra ke
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________________ 218: jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana maNimadhyA kA ullekha kAlidAsa ke radhuvaMza aura meghadUta meM bhI huA hai|54 zuddhA yaSTi--maNirahita yaSTi ko zuddhAyaSTi ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / 55 (kha) hAra56--AdipurANa meM yaSTi arthAt lar3iyoM ke samUha ko hAra kahA gayA hai / hAra meM zuddha evaM kAntimAna ratnoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| muktA nirmita mAlA muktAhAra kahalAtI thii| AdipurANa meM muktAhAra ( motiyoM kI mAlA), ekAvalA hAra ( eka lar3I kA hAra ) tathA nakSatra-mAlA ( sattAisa motiyoM kA hAra) kA ullekha AyA hai / 57 kevala sAhitya ho nahIM mUrta udAharaNoM se bhI inake pracalana kI puSTi hotI hai| devagar3ha va elorA se prApta 10vIM zatI I0 kI aMbikA yakSI evaM sarvAnubhUti yakSa kI mUrtiyoM meM muktAhAra tathA ekAvalI kA aMkana milatA hai| hAra banAne ke liye dhAge meM motiyoM tathA ratnoM ko guMthita kiyA jAtA thA / lar3iyoM kI saMkhyA ke ghaTane-bar3hane ke AdhAra para hAra ke 11 bhedoM kA ullekha bhI AdipurANa meM milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki prArambhikatama hAroM kA sandarbha kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM prApta hotA hai|59 kintu AdipurANa evaM arthazAstra meM vaNita hAroM kI lar3iyoM kI saMkhyA meM kahIM-kahIM antara bhI milatA hai / AdipurANa meM varNita hAra ke nimnalikhita prakAra haiM (1) indracchanda hAra : 1008 lar3iyoM vAle hAra ko indracchanda hAra kahA gayA hai / isa hAra ko anya hAroM kI tulanA meM zreSTha mAnA gayA hai tathA ise indra, jinendra evaM cakravartI samrAToM dvArA dhAraNa karane yogya batAyA gayA hai|60 .. (2) vijayacchanda hAra : 504 lAr3ayoM vAle hAra ko vijayacchanda hAra kahA gayA hai| ise ardhacakravartI puruSa dhAraNa karate the / 11 (3) hAra : isameM 108 lar3iyA~ hoto thiiN|62 (4) devacchanda hAra : mAtiyoM ke 81 lar3iyoM vAle hAra ko devacchanda kahA gayA hai|63 (5) ardhahAra H 64 lar3iyoM vAle hAra ko ardhahAra kI saMjJA pradAna kI gyii|64 (6) razmikalApa hAra : isameM motiyoM kI 54 lar3iyA~ hotI thiiN| isakI motiyoM se apUrva razmi nissarita hone kA ullekha hai|5 ataH yaha nAma sArthaka pratIta hotA hai /
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 219 (7) guccha hAra : motiyoM kI 32 lar3iyoM vAlA hAra guccha hAra thaa| (8) nakSatramAlA hAra : isameM 27 lar3iyA~ hotI thiiN| isakI motiyA~ azvinI, bharaNI Adi nakSatrAvalI kI zobhA kA upahAsa karane vAlI batAyI gayI haiM / 67 isa hAra kI AkRti bhI nakSatramAlA ke samAna hotI thii| __(9) ardhaguccha hAra : motiyoM kI 24 lar3iyoM ke hAra ko ardhaguccha hAra kahA gayA hai / ___ (10) mANava hAra : mANava hAra meM motI kI kula bIsa lar3iyA~ hotI thiiN| (11) ardhamANava hAra : 10 lar3iyoM ke hAra ko ardhamANava hAra kahA gayA hai| isake madhya meM jaba maNi lagA hotA thA to yahI hAra phalakahAra kahalAtA thaa| isI phalakahAra meM jaba sone ke tIna phalaka (suvarNa ke gola dAne) lage hote the to vaha sopAna tathA jisameM sone ke pA~ca phalaka lage hote the vaha maNisopAna kahalAtA thaa| sopAna nAmaka hAra meM kevala suvarNa ke hI phalaka hote the jabaki maNisopAna nAmaka hAra meM ratnajaTita suvarNa ke phalaka lage hote the / 70 / / uparokta hAroM ke madhya meM jaba maNi lagA hotA thA taba unake nAmoM ke sAtha 'mANava' zabda jor3a diyA jAtA thaa| udAharaNArtha indracchandamANava, vijayacchandamANava, hAramANava ityaadi| isI prakAra uparokta 11 prakAra ke hAroM meM pratyeka ke sAtha yaSTi ke 5 prakAroM zIrSaka, upazIrSaka, avaghATaka, prakANDaka evaM tarala pratibandha ko bhI sammilita kara liyA jAya to kula milAkara hAra ke 55 prakAra prApta hote haiM / 1 nemicandra ne indracchanda, vijayacchanda, devacchanda, razmikalApa, guccha, nakSatramAlA, ardhaguccha, mANava, ardhamANava, indracchandamANava tathA vijayacchandamANava ke bheda se yaSTi ke 11 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA jo asaMgata pratIta hotA hai / 72 (ga) gale ke anya AbhUSaNaH jaina purANoM meM jina anya kaNThAbhUSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai ve nimnalikhita haiM kaNThamAlikA 3 : ise strI va puruSa donoM hI dhAraNa karate the|
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________________ 220 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana kaNThAbharaNa74 : yaha puruSoM dvArA dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thA tathA ratnajaTita hotA thA / straka75 : isakA nirmANa puSpa, svarNa, muktA tathA ratnoM dvArA hotA thA / 3 kAMcanasUtra : yaha suvarNa yA ratnayukta kaNThAbhUSaNa thA / inake atirikta graiveyaka 7, hAralatA, hAravallI, hAravallarI, maNihAra 79, hATaka, muktAhAra", kaNThikAra tathA kaNThikevAsa '" kaNTha ke anya AbhUSaNa the / kaNThikevAsa ko devI prasAda mizrA ne lAkha kI banI huyI kaNThI aura gale ke Upara varNita AbhUSaNoM meM ise nimna koTi kA batAyA hai / 4 svarNa, moto, maNi tathA ratna yukta kaNThAbhUSaNoM ke atirikta santAnaka, pArijAta tathA anya prakAra ke puSpoM kI mAlAoM se bhI saundarya vRddhi kI jAtI thI / 5 karAbhUSaNa : aMgada, keyUra, valaya, kaTaka tathA mudrikA hAtha ke pramukha AbhUSaNa the jinakA strI-puruSa donoM meM samAna rUpa se pracalana thA / ina sabhI karAbhUSaNoM ke AkAra-prakAra meM spaSTataH antara milatA hai / puruSoM meM ye AbhUSaNa sAde hote the kintu striyoM dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle ina AbhUSaNoM meM ghuMgharu lage hote the / '6 --- (ka) aMgada : aMgada pIche kI ora bA~dhakara pahanA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa thA jise strI-puruSa samAna rUpa se dhAraNa karate the / kSIrasvAmI ne keyUra aura aMgada kI vyutpatti batAte hue likhA hai - ' ke bAhUzIrSe yauti keyUram' arthAt jo bhujA ke UparI chora ko suzobhita kare use keyUra kahate haiM aura 'aMga dayate aMgadama' arthAt jo aMga ko nipIr3ita kare vaha aMgada hai|" aMgada kA ullekha kAlidAsakRta raghuvaMza meM bhI AtA hai / " bAhuoM ko suzobhita karane vAle muktA nirmita bhujabaMdha ke udAharaNa elorA ke guphA saM0 32 ko ambikA AkRti meM spaSTataH dekhe jA sakate haiM / 10 91 (kha) kepUra : yaha bhI bhujabaMdha kA hI eka prakAra thA jise strIpuruSa donoM apanI bhujAoM para dhAraNa karate the / kAlidAsa ne keyUra meM noka hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / 12 kaMyUra svarNa nirmita va ratnajaTita hotA thA / isakA ullekha jaina mahApurANoM meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai| 93
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 221 (ga) kaTaka 4 : prAcInakAla se hI svarNa, rajata, hAthIdA~ta evaM zaMkha nirmita kaTaka (kar3A ) pahanane kA pracalana thA / ise strI-puruSa donoM dhAraNa karate the / AdipurANa meM ratnoM ke bane hue vIrAMgada nAmaka kaTaka kA ullekha hai jisake kAnti kI tulanA vidyuta ko kAnti ke sAtha kI gayI hai / 95 isI grantha meM eka anya sthala para ratnajaTita camakIle kar3e ke liye divya kaTaka zabda prayukta huA hai| bhagavatI sUtra jaise Agama jaina grantha meM kaTaka ke atyanta DhIle hone kA ullekha milatA hai / 16 (gha) mudrikA ( aMguThI) : yaha hAthoM kI aMgulI meM dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA eka pramukha AbhUSaNa thA jisakA pracalana prAcInakAla meM hI strI va puruSoM meM samAna rUpa se thA / mudrikAe~ sAmAnyataH sAdI hotI thIM jinako khuDDA bhI kahA jAtA thA / 17 raghuvaMza tathA abhijJAnazAkuntalam meM bhI ratnajaTita mudrikAoM ke ullekha milate haiM / " jaina purANoM meM bhI svarNanirmita, ratnajaTita, pazu-pakSI, devatA manuSya va vibhinna cihna va nAmotkIrNa mudrikAoM kA ullekha hai / isakA mUrta udAharaNa vimala - vasahI ( AbU - 12vIM zatI I0 ) kI ambikA mUrti meM dekhA jA sakatA hai | karnATaka se prApta lagabhaga 12vIM zatI I0 kI caturbhujA padmAvatI yakSI kI aMguliyoM meM bhI mudrikA dekho jA sakatI hai / ' padmapurANa meM mudrikA ke liye urmikA zabda prayukta huA hai / ' 99 100 101 kaTi AbhUSaNa : fe AbhUSaNoM meM mekhalA, kAMcI, razanA evaM dAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / (ka) mekhalA 102 - prAcInakAla se hI vibhinna prakAra kI mekhalA kA pracalana strI va puruSa donoM meM sAmAnyarUpa se thA / saindhava sabhyatA se manakoM aura dhAtu ke Tukar3oM se nirmita mekhalA ke udAharaNa prApta hue haiN| 03 bhagavatI sUtra meM puruSoM dvArA maNimekhalA pahanane kA ullekha hai / isake atirikta svarNaM va ratnajaTita mekhalA bhI hotI thI / raghuvaMza va kumArasambhava meM zijita ( ghuMgharUyukta mekhalA ) aura muktA - mayI mekhalA ke bhI sandarbha milate haiM / 105 vibhinna prakAra ke mekhalA ke mUrta udAharaNa 11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ke osiyAM kI jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra aura kuMbhAriyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira, zAntinAtha mandira tathA elorA ( guphA saM0-32 ) kI ambikA yakSI kI mUrtiyoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / ' 106
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________________ 222 : caina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ( kha ) kAMcI - kAMcI kAMcanamayI va ratnajaTita hotI thI / 107 dhvani ke lie isameM ghuMgharu bhI lage hote the / jaina purANoM meM kAMcI zabda kaTivastra se saTAkara dhAraNa kiye jAne vAle AbhUSaNa ke lie prayukta huA hai| kAMcI svarNa nirmita caur3I paTTI thI jisameM maNi aura ratna bhI jar3e hote the / 108 11vIM zatI I0 kI patiyAnadAyI ( satanA, ma0 pra0 ) kI ambikA mUrti meM kAMcI kA spaSTa udAharaNa draSTavya hai / ( ga ) razanA 109. -mekhalA ke samAna yaha bhI kama caur3I hotI thI tathA isameM ghuMgharu lage hone ke kAraNa dhvani hotI thI / isameM hone vAle dhvani ke AdhAra para hI ise mekhalA se bhinna kiyA jA sakatA hai| rasanA ke kucha anya prakAra hemarazanA ( ratnayukta), razanA kalApa ( jisameM ghuMgharuoM kI saMkhyA adhika ho ) aura kvaNita razanA ( jisameM bar3e-bar3e bajate hue ghuMgharu lage hoM ) the / 110 (gha) dAma - AdipurANa meM kAMcIdAma, muktAdAma, mekhalAdAma tathA kiMkiNI yukta maNimayadAma kA ullekha hai / yaha bhI mekhalA ke samAna kamara meM dhAraNa karane vAlA AbhUSaNa thA / (Ga) kaTisUtra - kaTisUtra strI-puruSa donoM dvArA kamara para dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thA / 111 pAvAbhUSaNa : 113 (ka) nUpura -- pairoM meM dhAraNa karane vAle AbhUSaNoM meM sabase adhika lokapriya nUpura thA / sAmAnyatayA yaha striyoM kA AbhUSaNa thA kintu kabhI-kabhI puruSoM dvArA bhI nUpura dhAraNa karane ke ullekha milate haiM / 112 nUpura meM ghuMgharu lage hone ke kAraNa dhvani nikalatI thI / ajaMtA evaM bAgha ke bhitti citroM meM striyoM dvArA nUpura pahanane ke udAharaNa citrita haiM / mukhyarUpa se nUpura svarNa nirmita aura ratnajaTita hote the kintu aneka sthaloM para maNimaya nUpuroM ke bhI ullekha milate haiM / 10vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ke devagar3ha ke mandira - 12, patiyAnadAI evaM vimalavasahI kI ambikA yakSI kI mUrtiyoM meM nUpura spaSTataH dekhA jA sakatA hai / 114 elorA ( guphA saM0-32 ) kI ambikA mUrti meM DhIle prakAra ke nUpura kA sundara udAharaNa hai / prastuta udAharaNa kI tulanA vartamAna meM pracalita nUpura se kI jA sakatI hai / 115 karnATaka se prApta lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0 kI caturbhujA padmAvatI yakSI kI mUrti ke pairoM meM napura ke atirikta
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 223 * eka anya pAdAbhUSaNa bhI draSTavya hai jo vartamAna meM pahane jAne vAle kar3e athavA char3e ke sadRza pratIta hotA hai / 116 ( kha ) gomukhamaNi : yaha gomukha ke AkAra ke camakIle maNiyoM se yukta zabdAyamAna pAdAbhUSaNa thA / isI kAraNa prastuta maNiyukta AbhUSaNa ko gomukhamaNi ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA / 11 vastra : vaiyaktika zRMgAra meM vastra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / sambhavataH zIta tApa nivAraNa tathA lajjA AcchAdana ke uddezya se vastra kA AviSkAra huA hogA kintu kramazaH zRMgAra kI dRSTi se bhI isakA mahatva bar3hatA gayA / Arambhika kAla meM mAnava vastra ke rUpa meM pazucarma, vRkSoM kI chAla va pattoM kA prayoga karatA thA / vastra ke vikAsa ke itihAsa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Age calakara AvazyakatA evaM upayogitA kI apekSA zRMgAra kI dRSTi se inakA adhika mahatva ho gayA / isI kAraNa vividha raMgoM, namUnoM aura alaMkAroM se susajjita vastroM kA vikAsa huA aura unheM vibhinna AkAra-prakAra dekara dhAraNa kiyA jAne lgaa| sabhI yuga meM apanI sAmarthya ke anusAra strI, puruSa va bAlaka isakA upayoga karake apane ko AkarSita banAte rahe haiM / 118 jaina purANoM meM sAmAnyataH kArpAsika ( sUtI vastra ), aurNa ( UnI vastra ), kITaja ( silka ), rezama, carmaM ke vastra, valkala ( vRkSoM kI chAloM ke vastra ) tathA patra ( pattoM ke vastra ) vastroM ke ullekha milate haiM / prArambha meM jaina sAdhu va sAdhvI kevala sAmAjika niyamoM kA pAlana karane ke liye moTe evaM rukSa vastra dhAraNa karate the / parantu dhIre-dhIre bhAratIya saMskRti ke prabhAva se tapa pradhAna jaina dharmaM bhI achUtA nahIM raha sakA / jaina sAdhuoM ke lie zarIra sparzI UnI vastra pahananA varjita thA kintu ve UnI cAdaroM kA prayoga kara sakate the / mahAvIra dvArA devadUSya ( yA dUsa) tathA jaina bhikSuoM dvArA cIvara muhapaTTiya, pottiya, dhAturattavattha ( lAla raMga kA vastra ), dhAturavattha, vAgalavattha tathA cela vastra bhI dhAraNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 119 jaina sAdhuoM dvArA valkala, kuza evaM patroM ke vastra pahanane ke bhI ullekha haiM / 120 jaina granthoM meM uccavarga kI striyoM dvArA jina vastro ke pahanane kA ullekha hai unameM sAdI, cINaMzuyavattha, khoma, vADya, paTTa, dugulla tathA pravara nIce ke lambe vastra hote the tathA Upara pahanane kA vastra sandhibandhana kahalAtA
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________________ 224 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana thaa|121 jaina bhikSuNiyoM dvArA kaMcuka, ukacchI, vegacchiyA aura saMghATI vastroM ko dhAraNa karane kA ullekha milatA hai / 122 vastroM meM sUtI va rezamI dhAgoM se kar3hAI kI jAtI thI tathA vibhinna prakAra ke raMgoM se inheM raMgA bhI jAtA thaa| AdipurANa meM vizeSa avasara para vizeSa prakAra kI veza-bhaSA kI mahattA ko darazAyA gayA hai / 123 mahApurANa tathA anya jaina purANoM, jainetara granthoM evaM purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna puruSoM ke pramukha vastra ke rUpa meM uttarIya, adhovastra ( dhotI ) tathA uSNISa evaM striyoM ke vastra meM uttarIya, kaJcuka tathA sAr3I ke samAna adhovastra kA ullekha milatA hai| strI va puruSoM meM pracalita ghuTanoM se nIce taka kI dhotI ke udAharaNa elorA ( guphA saM0-32-33 ) kI yakSI tathA akoTA evaM jodhapura se prApta jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI mUrti ( chaThIM-navIM zatI I0 ) meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / 124 isI prakAra lambe uttarIya ke udAharaNa elorA kI dvArapAla AkRtiyoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiN|125 zvetAmbara paramparA meM jaina tIrthaMkara bhI adhovastra dhAraNa karate the jisakA prArambhikatama udAharaNa (la0 5vIM-6ThIM zatI I0) akoTA (gujarAta) kI RSabhanAtha kI mUrti hai / 126 jJAtavya hai ki digambara paramparA kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyA~ nirvastra hotI thiiN| striyoM meM kucha sthaloM para adhovastra ghuTanoM se Upara tathA kucha meM nIce pairoM taka dhotI ke samAna milatA hai|127 vibhinna sAhityika uddharaNoM se adhobhAga ke vastra ko kamara para bA~dhakara pahanane kA patA calatA hai| meghadUta meM zIghratA ke kAraNa kamara ke vastra ke nIce khisakane ke ullekha se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai / 128 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya meM striyoM ke avagraha, paTTa, arghoruka, calanikA, bahanivasinI aura antaranirvasanI jaise nIce ke tathA kaJcuka, aupakAkSikI, vedakAkSakI, saMghATI tathA skandakarNI jaise Upara ke vastroM ke ullekha haiM / 129 inameM aoruka, calanikA tathA antaranirvasinI jaMghA taka kA vastra thA aura banirvasinI er3I taka pahu~catA huA sAr3I jaisA vastra thA jo sambhavataH kamara para kisI paTTa se ba~dhA rahatA thaa| aupakAkSikI va vaikAkSakI kaJcuka ke samAna hotA thaa| 30 vastra ke vibhinna prakAra evaM svarUpa : jaina purANoM meM nimnalikhita prakAra ke vastroM evaM vibhinna vezabhUSAoM ke sandarbha meM unake upayoga ke ullekha milate haiN|
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 225 (ka) aMzuka - bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya [131 kI TIkA meM aMzuka komala aura camakIle rezamI vastra ke rUpa meM varNita hai / samarAiccakahA evaM AcArAMgasUtra meM bhI aMzuka ke ullekha haiM / 132 motIcandra ke anusAra yaha candrakiraNa aura zveta kamala ke sadRza hotA thA / 133 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra yaha uttarIya vastra thA jisake Upara kasIdA dvArA aneka prakAra ke namUne banAye jAte the / bANa ke anusAra aMzuka eka svaccha evaM jhInA vastra thA / padmapurANa tathA AdipurANa meM aneka sthaloM para aMzuka kA ullekha hai / 134 binAvaTa ke AdhAra para aMzuka ke ekAM - zuka, adhyAMzuka, dvayAMzuka tathA trayAMzuka jaise bheda kiye gaye haiN| 85 aMzuka ke nimnalikhita pA~ca pramukha upabheda haiM 116, (1) sukacchAyAMzuka yaha zuApaMkhI arthAt halke hare raMga kA mahIna rezamI vastra thA / ( 2 ) stanAMzuka 137 - yaha colI yA paTTa jaisA vastra thA jisase kevala striyoM kA vakSa-bhAga AvarNita rahatA thA / ise uttarAsaMga bhI kahA gayA / kAlidAsa ne RtusaMhAra meM stanAMzuka vastra kA ullekha kiyA hai / 13 stanAMzuka kA mUrta aMkana hiMgalAjagar3ha se prApta evaM indaura saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita la0 10vIM - 11vIM zatI I0 kI aMbikA mUrti meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 139 (3) ujjvalAMzuka 140 : yaha zveta raMga kA jhInA vastra thA jise striyA~ apane adhobhAga meM sAr3I kI bhA~ti bA~dhatI thIM / ( 4 ) sadaMzuka 141 : yaha svaccha, zveta, sUkSma evaM snigdha rezamI vastra thA jise tIrthaMkara bhI dhAraNa karate the / 5) paTAMzuka 142 : yaha mahIna, dhavala evaM rezamI vastra thA jise kamara para bA~dhA jAtA thA / ( kha ) kSauma 143 : yaha atyanta jhInA evaM sundara rezamI vastra thA / aMgavijjA ke anusAra kSauma dukUla tathA cINapaTTa rezamI vastra the vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra yaha asama evaM baMgAla meM utpanna hone vAlI eka prakAra kI ghAsa se nirmita kiyA jAtA thA / 144 kAzI aura puNDra deza kSauma vastra ke liye prasiddha thA / 145 ( ga ) cInapaTTa4 : sambhavataH cIna meM bane patale rezamI vastra ko hair kahate the / kuSANakAla meM madhya eziyA ke sAtha bhArata ke vyApArika sambandha ke pariNAmasvarUpa yaha vastra pracalana meM AyA / aMgavijjA 15
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________________ 226 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana meM bhI cInapaTTa kA ullekha huA hai / 147 bRhatkalpabhASya meM isakA varNana cIna ke mahIna rezamI vastra ke rUpa meM huA hai / 148 (gha ) prAvAra 149 : yaha vartamAna duzAle ke samAna puruSoM dvArA dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA vastra thaa| hemacandra ke grantha meM 'rAjAcchAdanAprAvarAH' 150 kA prayoga yaha spaSTa karatA hai ki rAjAoM ke or3hane va bichAne yogya UnI yA rezamI vastra ke liye prAvAra zabda pracalita thaa| amarakoza meM dupaTTe evaM cAdara ke liye pA~ca zabda-prAvAra, uttarAsaMga, bRhatikA, saMvyAna tathA uttarIya milate haiM / 151 (Ga) uSNISa 152 : ise sAphA yA pagar3I ke rUpa meM puruSa apane zIza para dhAraNa karate the| aMgavijjA meM bhI uSNISa kA ullekha hai / 153 ise mastaka para TopI ke samAna pahanA jAtA thaa| uSNISa sAdI va kAmadAra donoM prakAra kI hotI thI / 154 jJAtavya hai ki jar3e ke rUpa meM sira ke madhya meM baMdhI kezasajjA ko bhI uSNISa kahate the jisakA aMkana kuSANakAla se tIrthakara mUrtiyoM meM milane lagatA hai| (ca) cIvara 155 : cIvara bauddha bhikSuoM kA paridhAna thA jo pItavarNa ke rezamI vastra se nirmita kiyA jAtA thaa| brahmacArI evaM zramaNa bhI ise dhAraNa karate the / 156 (cha) paridhAna 157 : yaha eka prakAra kA dhotI ke samAna adhovastra thaa| (ja) kambala 158 : yaha UnI vastroM kA sAdhAraNa bodhaka zabda thaa| aMgavijjA meM UnI vastroM ke liye 'uNNika' zabda vyavahRta huA hai / 159 isakA prayoga ratha ke parde ke nirmANa meM bhI hotA thaa| yaha bher3a-bakarI ke Una se nirmita mulAyama aura sundara UnI vastra thaa| (jha) raMga-biraMge vastra160 : aMgavijjA meM zveta, lAla, hare, pIle, mayUra ke raMga ke samAna nIle ( mayUrakaggIva), gahare sleTI ( kareNUyaka ), do raMgoM ke (vitra ) tathA gulAbI raMga ke vastroM ke ullekha haiN|61 vastra raMgane vAle ko zuddharajaka kahA jAtA thA / 162 (Ja) upasaMvyAna163 : yaha bhI dhotI kA hI bodhaka hai / amarakoza meM dhotI ke liye antarIya, upasaMvyAna, paridhAna evaM adhoMzuka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 164 ( Ta ) valkala165 : jaina sAdhuoM dvArA valkala, kuza evaM patroM ke vastra pahanane ke ullekha haiM / 166 motIcandra ne chAla ke vastra ko valkala kahA hai jinheM bauddha bhikSu pahanate the|150
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 227 (Tha) duSyakuTI ( yA devadUSya )168 : isakA prayoga tambU ke rUpa meM hotA thaa| stUpa para car3hAye jAne vAle bahumUlya vastra devadUSya kahalAte the|69 bhagavatIsUtra meM devadUSya ko eka prakAra kA daivI vastra kahA gayA hai jise mahAvIra ne dhAraNa kiyA thaa|170 (Da) dukUla 171 : dukUla zveta, mRdu, snigdha evaM bahumUlya vastra thA jisakA prayoga adhikAMzataH dhanI parivAroM meM hI hotA thaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM gaur3a deza (baMgAla ) meM utpAdita eka vizeSa prakAra ke kapAsa se nirmita dukUla vastra kA varNana milatA hai / 172 (Dha) kusumbha173 : yaha lAla raMga kA sUtI va rezamI vastra thaa| saMbhavataH sampanna loga rezamI kusumbha kA evaM nirdhana sUtI kusumbha kA prayoga karate the| (Na) netra174 : netra eka bArIka rezamI vastra thA jisakA nirmANa vRkSa vizeSa kI chAla se kiyA jAtA thaa| harivaMzapurANa meM isake liye mahAnetra zabda prayukta huA hai / 175 sarvaprathama kAlidAsa ne netra kA ullekha kiyA hai / 176 (ta) eNAjinA177 : devI prasAda ne ise kRSNamRgacarma batAyA hai jisakA prayoga tApasI evaM vanavAsI vastra tathA Asana ke rUpa meM karate the| (tha) upAnatka 178 : yaha pairoM meM pahane jAne vAle jUte ke samAna hotA thaa| bRhatkalpasUtra-bhASya tathA bhagavatIsUtra meM isake liye gAya, bhaiMsa, bakare, bheMDa va anya vanya pazuoM ke camar3e ke upayoga kA ullekha hai| 179 ajaMtA kI kucha AkRtiyoM meM moje jaisA vastra athavA moje ke AkAra kA upAnaha dekhA jA sakatA hai / 180 __ jaina purANoM meM pracchadapaTa ( cAdara ), parikara ( kamarabanda ), gallaka ( gaddA), upadhAna (takiyA) tathA pItAmbara Adi vastroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai kintu mahApurANa meM inakA koI sandarbha nahIM hai / 181 ____vastroM ke uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki mahApurANa meM sUtI, rezamI, UnI, carma, valkala prakAra ke vastroM kA vistRta vivaraNa hai / vastra vyakti kI paristhitinusAra sAmAnya evaM bahumUlya, raMga-biraMge, alaMkRta evaM sAde hote the| puruSoM evaM striyoM ke kucha vizeSa vastra bhI the jo unhIM dvArA dhAraNa kiye jAte the| sAmAnyataH dhotI evaM uttarIya vastra kA hI pracalana thaa|
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________________ 228 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana kezasajjA: bhArata meM prAcInakAla se hI keza-vinyAsa kI vibhinna zailiyA~ pracalita rahI haiN| prAcIna prastara evaM mumatiyoM tathA citroM meM kezavinyAsa kI vividha zailiyoM ke pratyakSa darzana hote haiN| hamArA saMskRta sAhitya bhI keza sajjA kI vibhinna zailiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa kI dRSTi se atyanta samRddha hai| bhAratIya jIvana meM dharma kI mahattA ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna dhArmika yajJoM evaM saMskAroM ke avasara para keza-sajjA kI alaga-alaga zailiyoM kA pracalana thaa| sAhitya meM hameM kezoM ko sAjasaMvAra kara rakhane kA vistRta varNana bhI prApta hotA hai / kezoM ko alaMkRta karane ke liye AbhUSaNoM ke atirikta bhinna-bhinna RtuoM meM alaga-alaga puSpoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jisakI carcA AdipurANa meM bhI milatI hai / keza-sajjA meM AbhUSaNoM ke bAda puSpoM kA sarvAdhika mahatva thA / 145 Aja bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM keza-sajjA meM puSpoM kA prayoga vizeSa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| ___jaina purANoM meM strI-puruSoM kI keza-sajjA ke vistRta ullekha milate haiN| purANoM meM kezoM ke liye kuntala, keza, alaka tathA kabarI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / keza ko sugandhita jala se dhone ke bAda dhUpa Adi suvAsita sAmagrI se sukhAyA jAtA thaa| sUkhane ke pazcAt kezoM meM kaMghI kI jAtI thI yathA unheM veNI athavA jUr3e ke rUpa meM bA~dhakara vibhinna prakAra ke puSpa Adi dvArA susajjita kiyA jAtA thaa| AdipurANa meM vasanta Rtu meM campA ke puSpoM tathA zarada Rtu meM nIlakamala yukta bhadrataraNI ke puSpoM se gumphita mAlA se veNI ko alaMkRta karane kA ullekha hai / 183 kAlidAsa ke granthoM meM bhI bhinna-bhinna RtuoM meM bhinnabhinna puSpoM se kezoM ke zRMgAra kA sandarbha milatA hai / 184 keza prasAdhana ke liye puSpamAlA, vibhinna prakAra ke puSpa, puSpaparAga, pallava, maMjarI Adi kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA thA / 185 bahatsaMhitA tathA kAlidAsakRta kumArasambhava, meghadUta evaM RtusaMhAra meM kezoM kI svacchatA ke liye prayukta avalepa tathA suvAsita karane ke lie dhuMe ityAdi kA vistAra se varNana hai / 186 kezoM ko suvAsita karane ke liye sugandhita teloM kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| zveta keza saundarya vRddhi meM bAdhaka hote haiN| isIliye zveta kezoM ko raMgakara unheM kAlA banAne kI prathA bhI prAcInakAla se hI bhArata meM pracalita thii| AdipurANa meM eka sthAna para zmazru ko haridrA se raMgane
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 229 kA ullekha hai / 17 AdipurANa tathA kucha jainetara granthoM ke AdhAra para keza vinyAsa kI nimnalikhita zailiyA~ milatI haiM 188 ( ka ) alakajAla yA alakAvalI : AdipurANa meM sAlakAnana zabda kA ullekha hai jisakI vyutpatti ( sa + alaka + Anana ) se hotI hai arthAta cUrNa - kuntala ( sugandhita cUrNa lagAne yogya sammukha ke keza ) / striyA~ alakAvalI banAne ke liye kumakuma, karpUra ityAdi ke cUrNa kA prayoga karatI thIM / inake Alepa se keza ghuMgharAle ho jAte the / uparokta udAharaNa se spaSTa hai ki usa samaya ghuMgharAle challedAra keza vizeSa lokapriya the / kAlidAsa ne bhI alakoM ke vAstavika svarUpa aura alakoM ko 190 ke liye cUrNa ke prayoga kA ullekha kiyA hai / 189 vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne ghuMgharAle kezoM kI racanA ke kaI prakAra batAye haiM / rAjaghATa se prApta mRNmUrtiyoM meM alakajAla ke aneka udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / kuSANakAla se nirantara madhyayuga taka sabhI kSetroM kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM kI keza racanA choTe-choTe gucchakoM ke rUpa meM dikhalAyI gayI hai / ( kha ) dhammila vinyAsa : AdipurANa meM dhammila zailI ke keza - vinyAsa kA ullekha hai 191 jisase patA calatA hai ki nIce kI ora kucha laTake hue komala aura kuTila kezapAza ko dhammila kahA gayA hai / guptakAla se hI isa zailI kI keza racanA kA prAraMbha ho jAtA hai jisakA spaSTa udAharaNa ahicchatrA se prApta pAvaMtI mastaka hai / amarakoza meM maulibaddha kezaracanA ko dhammilla ( dhammila ) kahA gayA hai / 193 rAjaghATa kI mRNmUrtiyoM meM dhammila zailI ke keza vinyAsa ke udAharaNa draSTavya haiM / 194 192 ( ga ) kabarI " 195 : kabarI prakAra ke keza vinyAsa meM puSpamAlAoM, vana kI latAoM tathA camarI gAya ke bAloM se bhI kezapAzoM ko bA~dhane kA ullekha milatA hai / (gha) veNI: adhikAMza striyA~ apane lambe va kAle kezoM ko veNI ke rUpa meM bAMdhatI thIM aura veNI ko vibhinna puSpoM kI lAtAoM se alaMkRta karatI thIM / 196 striyoM kI veNI kA sundara udAharaNa mallinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrti meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 17 jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA mallinAtha ko nArI tIrthaMkara batAyA gayA hai / (Ga) jUr3A 198 : striyA~ apane kezoM ko veNI ke sAtha-sAtha jUr3e meM bhI saMvAratI thiiN| 199 isa prakAra kI keza racanA meM kezoM kA jUr3A banAkara
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________________ 330 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mAlA se bA~dha liyA jAtA thaa| isake andara bhI puSpoM kI mAlA gUMthI jAtI thI / 200 jUr3A veNI dvArA na banAkara sambhavataH khule kezoM dvArA banAyA jAtA thA / kabhI yaha jUr3A vartamAna jUr3e kI bhA~ti pIche kandhe para aura kabhI mastaka ke madhya meM sthita rahatA thaa| isakA sundara aMkana hiMgalAjagar3ha se prApta tathA vartamAna meM indaura saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita lagabhaga 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 kI ambikA tathA 12vIM zatI I0 kI vimalavasahI kI ambikA mUrtiyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| nRtyAMganAoM meM bhI isa keza zailI kA pracalana thA / 201 sImaMta ( mAMga ) bhI striyoM kI keza-sajjA kA eka Avazyaka aMga thaa| isake dvArA ve apane kezoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karatI thiiN| AdipurANa meM striyoM dvArA apane sImaMta ko parAgasahita kamaloM kI raja se bharane kA ullekha hai / 202 sImaMta ko puSpoM dvArA bhI sajAyA jAtA thaa| uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki keza-sajjA ke vibhinna prakAra striyoM meM hI pracalita the / keza-sajjA kI vividha zailiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha unheM alaMkRta karane kA zauka bhI striyoM meM hI thA, jo lambe keza rakhatI thiiN| puruSoM meM choTe keza evaM unake sAmAnya sajjA kA hI pracalana thaa| ullekhanIya hai ki keza-vinyAsa kI mahApurANa meM vaNita zailiyA~ vastutaH guptakAla se hI calI A rahI thiiN| prasAdhana: mAnava kI sahaja zRMgAra pravRtti kI abhivyakti ke anya mAdhyamoM ( vastra, AbhUSaNa, keza-sajjA) ko apekSA prasAdhana sAmagrI kA sadaiva adhika mahattva rahA hai / vaiyaktika-zRMgAra meM prasAdhana sAmagrI kA upayoga prAcInakAla se vibhinna rUpoM meM kiyA jAtA rahA hai| saMbhavataH zRMgArasAmagrI ke vikAsa krama meM prasAdhana sAmagrI nizcita rUpa se pahale pracalana meM AyI / vastrAbhUSaNoM ke pUrva hI manuSya prasAdhana sAmagrI se bhalIbhA~ti paricita ho cukA thaa| apane pratidina ke zRMgAra meM sabase pahale use aMgarAga, candana, aJjana tathA sugandhi jaise prasAdhana-sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA par3atI thii| isake bAda hI vaha anya zRMgAra sAmagrI kA prayoga karatA thaa| prasAdhana kI vibhinna sAmagriyoM kA zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM ke sAtha tAdAtmya thA jabaki zrRMgAra ke anya mAdhyama kevala bAhya rUpa se hI zarIra ko sajjita karate the / 203
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 231 jaina purANoM tathA jainettara granthoM meM nimnalikhita prasAdhana sAmagrI tathA unake upayoga kA ullekha milatA hai / (1) snAna : snAna bhAratIya zRMgAra kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa rahA | paumacariya204 tathA bhagavatIsUtra 205 jaise Agama jaina granthoM meM snAna-bhUmi ke liye eka vizeSa sthAna kA ullekha milatA hai / snAna ke jala ko vibhinna prakAra ke sugandhita dravya tathA puSpa Adi se suvAsita kiyA jAtA thA / 206 AdipurANa 207 meM majjana nAmaka snAna sAmagrI kA ullekha hai jisake prayoga se zArIrika svacchatA, sphUrti evaM kAMti prApta hotI thI / (2) tilaka 208 : strI va puruSa donoM meM tilaka kA pracalana thA / mukha saundarya ke liye tilaka kA vizeSa mahattva thA / striyA~ prAyaH lAla raMga kA tilaka lagAtIM thIM / caMdana ke atirikta gorocana, lAlaraMga ke geru tathA kAle agaru kA bhI prayoga tilaka ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / 209 (3) aJjana 21 210 : strI va puruSa donoM hI A~khoM kI rakSA va saundarya vRddhi ke liye aJjana ( kAjala ) kA prayoga karate the / kumArasambhava meM aJjana lagAtI huI strI kA ullekha hai / 211 (4) bhauMha kA zRMgAra 212 : Adhunika yuga kI taraha usa samaya bhI striyA~ bhauMhoM kA saMskAra karake unheM susajjita karatI thIM / (5) patraracanA [213 : strI va puruSa donoM hI apane kapoloM para gorocana, caMdana va aMgarAga se patraracanA kiyA karate the / patraracanA ke liye kAle, zveta aura lAla raMgoM kA prayoga hotA thA / 214 isake prArambhika udAharaNa bharahuta evaM sA~cI kI mUrtiyoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / 1 . (6) oSTharAga 215 : strI va puruSa donoM hI apane oSThoM ko raMgate the pariNAmasvarUpa unake adhara raktavarNIya hote the / ve pAna ke rasa ke saMsarga se aura bhI adhika lAla ho jAte the / 216 kAlidAsa ne oSTharAga ko kevala lAlaraMga kA batAyA hai jisake liye alaktaka kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / 217 (7) mahAvara " : mahAvara caraNoM meM lagAyA jAtA thA | mahAvara ke liye alaktaka, rAgalekhA, pAdarAga lAkSArasa, rAgarekhAvinyAsa, caraNarAga, dravarAga tathA nirmalarAga Adi zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai / striyA~ apane pairoM kI sundaratA ke liye alaktaka yA lAkSArasa kA prayoga karatI thIM /
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________________ 232 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhmayana (8) kuMkuma 219 : zArIrika svAsthya, saundarya evaM sugandhi ke liye kuMkuma kA prayoga strI va puruSa donoM hI kiyA karate the / (9) avalepa 20 : vibhinna sugandhita dravyoM dvArA avalepa ke aneka udAharaNa jaina purANoM meM milate haiM / 221 kAlidAsa ne zArIrika saundarya va kAnti kI vRddhi ke liye strI va puruSa donoM dvArA candana, kezara, zuklAguru, kAlAguru, priyaMgu, kAleyaka, kastUrI tathA kumakuma mizrita avalepa lagAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / 222 zItalatA aura saundarya ke liye mukhyataH candana ke avalepa kA hI prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / hemanta aura zizira ko chor3akara anya sabhI RtuoM meM striyA~ candana kA hI prayoga karatI thIM / hemanta meM kezara tathA grISma Rtu meM caMdana ke dravya ke avalepa kA udAharaNa AdipurANa meM spaSTata: hai / 223 zizuoM ke zarIra para bhI gAr3he sugandhita dravyoM kA vilepana kiyA jAtA thA / 224 AdipurANa meM eka sthala para aise eka sugandhita avalepana kA ullekha AyA hai jisakI sugandhi se bha~vare usa strI ke hAtha para Akara guJjAra karane lage / 225 sambhavataH isa prakAra ke avalepana ke liye aMgarAga ko kastUrI meM basAkara sugandhita kara ligA jAtA thA aura usake bAda zarIra para usakA vilepana kiyA jAtA thA / 223 (10) tela 227 : svAsthya va saundaryavRddhi ke liye strI va puruSa sugandhita tela kA prayoga apane zarIra tathA kezoM meM karate the / adhikAMzataH snAna se pUrva sugandhita tela kA mardana zarIra para kiyA jAtA thA / (11) sugandhita cUrNa 228 : Adhunika yuga ke samAna hI usa samaya bhI vibhinna prakAra ke sugandhita cUrNa kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / paumacariya meM agaru, turuSka va candana kI sugandhi tathA gozIrSa candana aura kAlAguru se sugaMdhita dhUpa banAne kA ullekha hai / 229 kAlidAsa ne mukha, keza tathA zarIra ke anya bhAgoM para prasavaraja, ambuja reNu, kesaracUrNa tathA ketakaraja jaise taraha-taraha ke cUrNa lagAye jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / 230 AdipurANa meM vastroM ko suvAsita karane ke liye paTavAsa cUrNa ke prayoga kA sandarbha hai | 231 (12) puSpaprasAdhana : saundarya prasAdhana meM prAcInakAla se hI puSpoM va puSpa mAlAoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / zRMgAra ke liye mukhya rUpa se mandAra, kamala, kunda, kurbaka, zirISa, kadamba, bakula tathA mAlatI ke puSpoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM Aja bhI puSpa striyoM
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 233 ke zRMgAra kA eka anivArya aMga hai| jaina purANoM tathA jainetara granthoM meM puSpoM evaM pallavoM kI mAlA tathA AbhUSaNoM ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM / striyA~ puSpa va pattoM se mAlA tathA karNaphUla Adi vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa banAkara apanA zrRMgAra karatI thiiN|232 puSpamAlAoM ko kezoM tathA hAthoM ke AbhUSaNa rUpa meM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| sabhI varga ke strI-puruSa vibhinna utsava Adi ke avasara para gale meM puSpamAlA dhAraNa karate the / puSpoM kI kalaMgI yA mukuTa kA bhI pracalana thaa| puSpoM ke atirikta sajjA ke liye AmramaMjarI tayA puSpamaMjarI kA bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / 233 vibhinna prakAra ke puSpoM va pattoM se nirmita karNAbhUSaNa bhI striyA~ pahanatI thiiN| isake liye vanalatAoM ke puSpa, patte tathA nIlotpala ( kamala ) kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa|234 / saMgIta : prAcInakAla se hI mAnava jIvana meM saMgIta kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| mAnava mana kI prasannatA tathA duHkha jaise Antarika bhAvoM kI abhivyakti kA saMgIta sabase sazakta mAdhyama rahA hai| manoraMjana kA bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa srota rahA hai / jaina purANoM meM jahA~ eka ora sAMskRtika jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa pakSa vastra, AbhUSaNa, prasAdhana tathA kezasajjA kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai, vahIM saMgIta evaM nRtya jaise lalita kalAoM ke bhI pracura ullekha upalabdha haiM / jainasUtroM meM saMgIta ko 72 kalAoM meM sthAna prApta hai / 235 samAja meM janatA ke manoraMjana ke anya sAdhanoM ke sAtha hI gAyana, vAdana evaM nRtya kA bhI Ayojana hotA thA / 236 jaina AgamoM meM tIrthaMkara ke janmadina, jinatva kI prApti, putra janmotsava Adi para saMgIta ke Ayojana kA ullekha milatA hai / 23deg jJAtavya hai ki nIlAMjanA ke nRtya ke kAraNa hI RSabhanAtha ko vairAgya huA thaa| harivaMzapurANa meM kinnara, gandharva, tumbaru, nArada tathA vizvAvasu ko saMgIta ke devatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / 238 jainapurANoM meM saMgIta ke tIna pramukha pakSa gAyana, vAdana tathA nRtya ke aneka ullekha haiN| gAyana: saMgIta ke pramukha tIna pakSoM meM gAyana kA prathama sthAna hai / jaina sUtroM meM gAyana ke cAra tattva-utkSipta, pAdAtta, maMdaka tathA rocitAvasAna vaNita haiM / 239 gIta meM ina tattvoM kA honA anivArya hai / harivaMzapurANa meM SaDja, RSabha, gAndhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata tathA niSAda ina sAta
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________________ 234 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana tathA 84 prakAra ke tAnoM kA ullekha haiM / 240 AdipurANa meM janmamahotsava va rAjyAbhiSeka Adi avasaroM para vAra striyoM va kinnarI deviyoM dvArA maMgalagAna gAne ke ullekha haiM / 241 isa sandarbha se spaSTa hai ki gAyana meM striyoM kA eka vizeSa varga hI nipuNa hotA thaa| vAdya saMgIta : saMgIta meM vAdya saMgIta aura vibhinna vAdyayantroM kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / vAdyasaMgIta meM nRtya va gIta kI bhA~ti kisI anya sAdhana kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI thii| jaina granthoM meM vAdyoM ko cAra pramukha vargoM tata, vitata, ghana tathA suSira meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / 242 janetara granthoM meM bhI vAdya ke tat, avanaddha, dhana tathA suSira inhIM cAra bhedoM kA ullekha huA hai| (ka) tatvAdha: tAra se bajane vAle vAdya ( vINA Adi ) tat kahalAte haiM / harivaMzaparANa ke anusAra tat nAmaka vAditra karNendriya ko tRpta karane vAlA hone se prANiyoM ke liye adhika prIti upajAne vAlA tathA gandharva zarIra ke sAtha sambaddha hone se gandharva nAma se prasiddha hai / 243 gAndharva kI utpatti meM vINA, vaMza aura gAna ye tIna kAraNa hai tathA svaragata, tAlagata aura padagata ke bheda se vaha tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai / 244 jainapUrANoM se prApta prAmagrI ke AdhAra para tata vAdya ke antargata nimnalikhita vAdya Ate haiM (1) tuNava : AdipurANa meM anya vAdyoM ke sAtha aneka avasaroM para tuNava ke vAdana kA ullekha huA hai / 245 ise sitAra ke rUpa meM prayukta kiyA jAtA thaa| - (2) vINA : AdipurANa meM vINA ke svara ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| isake tAroM ko hAtha kI aMguliyoM se bajAye jAne kA ullekha hai / 24 // vINA vAdana ke sAtha gAyana kA bhI ullekha huA hai| pANDavapurANa meM ghoSA, sughoSA, mahAghoSA evaM ghoSavatI vINAoM kA ullekha hai| jainapurANoM meM vINA se sambandhita nimnalikhita vAdyoM kA ullekha huA hai| (ka) alAbu : AdipurANa meM alAbu kA ullekha milatA hai / 247 Adhunika vINAoM ke samAna usa samaya bhI sambhavataH vINA ke liye alAbu ( laukI kA tumbA ) prayukta hotA thA / 248 alAbu sAraMgI se
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 235 milatA-julatA tathA usakA atyadhika vikasita rUpa hai| isakA prayoga saMgIta ke lie lie kiyA jAtA thaa|249 (kha) taMtrI taMtrI vAdya kA ullekha harivaMzapurANa tathA padmapurANa meM milatA hai / 250 yaha eka vizeSa prakAra kI vINA thI jisameM tAroM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra isakA nAmakaraNa hotA thA jaise eka tAra kI vINA ekatantrI tathA tIna tAra kI vINA tritaMtrI vINA kahalAtI thii| tritaMtrI vINA kA vikAsa taMbUrA aura sitAra ke saMyukta rUpa se huaa|251 (ga) sughoSA : harivaMzapurANa meM 17 tAra kI sughoSA nAmaka vINA ko doSamukta batAyA gayA hai / 252 uttarapurANa meM bhI ise uttama vINA kahA gayA hai / 253 (kha) avanaddhavAdha : jaina purANoM meM camar3e se mar3he hue vAdya ke udAharaNa mRdaMga Adi ko avanaddha nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / 254 avanaddha vAdya vitata vAdya kA hI bodhaka hai / isa prakAra ke vAdyoM kI saMkhyA eka sau se bhI adhika thI / 255 jaina purANoM meM nimnalikhita avanaddha vAdyoM kA varNana prApya hai| (1) Anaka 256 : isakI dhvani-gambhora hotI thI tathA isako tulanA Adhunika nagAr3e yA naubata se kI jA sakatI hai| (2) challarI257 : yaha camar3e se mar3hA hotA thA tathA bAyeM hAtha meM aMgUThe se laTakA kara dAhine hAtha ke zaMku dvArA isakA vAdana hotA thaa| isakI tulanA Adhunika khaMjarI, dAyasa, caMga Adi vAdyoM se kI jA sakatI hai / 256 (3) DhakkA : padmapurANa meM isakA ullekha hai / 259 Dhavasa ke sadRza isakA AkAra hotA thaa| ise bAyIM bagala meM dabAkara dAhine hAtha se DaMDe se bajAte the / ise dhauMsA nAma se bhI sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / 260 (4) dundubhi261 : isakA artha hindI zabdasAgara meM nagAr3A aura dhauMsA hai / 262 yaha tabale kI taraha do nagoM se nirmita hotA thaa| ise dvayazaMkvAkAra lakar3iyoM se bajAyA jAtA thaa| isase gambhIra va dUra taka prasArita hone vAlI dhvani nikalatI thii| isakA prayoga yuddha aura zubha avasaroM para hotA thA / zahanAI ke sAtha vAdita hone para ise naubata kahate haiM / 253 (5) paTaha264 : hindI zabda sAgara meM paTaha kA artha nagAr3A aura dvandubhi hai, kintu saMgota-pArijAta ke anusAra paTaha kA tAtparya Dholaka se
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________________ 236 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana hai / " yaha Der3ha hAtha lambA bheri ke samAna vAdya thA jo patale yA moTe camar3e se mar3hA jAtA thA tathA lakar3I athavA hAtha se bajAyA jAtA thA / (6) paNava 266 : yaha mRdaMga ke samAna prAcIna vAdya hai / yaha 16 aMgula lambA, bhItara kI ora madhya bhAga dabA, ATha aMgula vistArita tathA donoM ora se pA~ca aMgula mukha vAlA vAdya thA jisake kASTha kI moTAI Adhe aMgUThe ke barAbara hotI thI / isakA bhItarI bhAga cAra aMgula vyAsa vAlA khokhalA hotA thA / isake donoM mukha komala camar3e se mar3he jAte the tathA camar3e ko sutalo se kasA jAtA thA / 267 ise prAcIna va Adhunika kAla meM huDuka nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA jabaki madhyakAla meM ise AvAja nAma diyA gayA thA / 260 269 (7) puSkara 26 : AdipurANa meM mRdaMga ke vAle vAdya ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha huA hai inakI samatA kI jA sakatI hai / / (8) bherI 270 : yaha vAdya bhI mRdaMga ke samAna, dhAtunirmita evaM lagabhaga do hAtha lambA aura dvimukhI hotA thA / isake mukha kA vyAsa eka hAtha kA aura camar3e se mar3hA hotA thA / kAMse ke kar3e meM DorI DAlakara yaha kasA jAtA thA / ise dAhinI ora lakar3I se tathA bAyIM ora hAtha se bajAte the | 271 samAna gambhIra zabda karane Adhunika pakhAvaja se bhI (9) mRdaMga 272 : prAcInakAla se hI mRdaMga vAdya kA ullekha vibhinna granthoM meM milatA hai / rAmAyaNa evaM kAlidAsa ke granthoM meM tathA bharata ke kAla meM mRdaMga kA varNana upalabdha hai / 273 isake donoM ora ke mukha camar3e se mar3he jAte the tathA isake madhya kA bhAga donoM kinAroM kI apekSA adhika ubharA huA hotA thA / Adhunika yuga meM saMgIta meM vibhinna vAdyayantroM ke madhya mRdaMga kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / (10) muraja 274 : muraja mRdaMga kA hI eka anya nAma hai jise gIta ke sAtha bajAyA jAtA thA / (ga) suSira - vAdya : mu~ha se phU~kakara dhvani nikalane vAle vAdyoM ko jaina purANoM meM suSira vAdya ke antargata rakhA gayA hai| suSira vAdyoM kA varNana nimnavat hai-- 275 (1) kAhala ra : isakA nirmANa sonA, cA~dI evaM tA~bA se hotA thA / yaha bhItara se khokhalA tathA tIna hAtha lambA hotA thA / dhatUre ke ke samAna isakI mukhAkRti hotI thI / isake madhya meM do chidra hote the aura phU~kane para isase dhvani nikalatI thI / 276 phUla
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 237 (2) tUrya277 : yaha lagabhaga Der3ha hAtha lambA vAdya thA tathA mukha kI ora isakA AkAra khile hue dhatUre ke pUSpa ke sadRzya hotA thaa| isakI dhvani Adhunika zahanAI ke samAna thii| dakSiNa bhArata ke mandiroM meM utsava, vivAha evaM mAMgalika avasaroM para yaha bajAyA jAtA hai / 278 ___ (3) vaMza279 ( bAMsurI ) : jaina purANoM meM aneka sthaloM para anya vAdyoM ke sAtha isake bajAye jAne kA ullekha hai| isameM bhI Adhunika bAMsurI kI taraha muMha se phaMkane para dhvani hotI thii| (4) veNu280 : bA~surI ke artha meM hI isakA bhI prayoga huA hai| yaha bA~sa dvArA nirmita hotA thaa| (5) zaMkha281 : jaina purANoM meM janmotsava, dhArmika kRtyoM tathA yuddha Adi avasaroM para zaMkha ke bajAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / neminAtha kA lAMchana bhI zaMkha hI hai / (gha) dhana-vAdha : jaina purANoM meM kAMse se nirmita jhAMjha-majIrA Adi ko dhana vAdya kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| inakI utpatti tAlavAdyoM se haI hai / 282 mahApurANa meM dhana vAdyoM meM nimnalikhita vAdyoM kA varNana upalabdha hai (1) ghaNTA283 : kAMse se nirmita ghaNTe kA prayoga mandira yA devIdevatAoM kI pUjA-arcanA meM hotA thaa| isakA svarUpa katipaya parivartana ke bAda bhI vartamAna ghaNTe ke hI samAna thaa| (2) tAla 284 : kA~se dvArA nirmita yaha vAdya dhana vAdyoM meM pramukha thA jisakA AkAra vartamAna maMjIre se bar3A hotA thaa| isake madhya meM DorI lagI hotI thI tathA yaha donoM hAtha se bajAyA jAtA thaa| (3) jhAMjha285 : jaina purANoM meM anya vAdyayantroM ke sAtha jhAMjha ke bhI bajAye jAne kA ullekha huA hai| upayukta vAdyayantroM kA zilpAMkana elorA, kaMbhAriyA, khajurAho, devagar3ha, delavAr3A ke loka jIvana yA sAmAnya gAyana-vAdana se sambandhita dRzyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| nRtya : / prAcInakAla se hI samAja ke sabhI vargoM meM nRtya ke prati abhiruci milatI hai| vibhinna bhAvoM para AdhArita tAla aura laya ke anurUpa aMgoM ke saMcAlana kI prakriyA ko hI nRtya kahA jA sakatA hai| utsava,
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________________ 2.38 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana janma, harSa, kAma, tyAga, vilAsa, vivAda tathA parIkSA Adi avasaroM para nRtya karane kA ullekha hai / 286 jaina purANoM meM nRtya kalA kI vizeSatAo evaM usake vibhinna svarUpoM ke sambandha meM mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa upalabdha haiM / 27 AdipurANa meM nRtya ke samaya vibhinna veza dhAraNa karane aura kaTAkSa, kapoloM, pairoM, hAthoM, mukha, netroM, aMgarAja, nAbhi, kaTipradeza tathA mekhalAoM dvArA bhAva kA pradarzana karane kA ullekha huA hai / nRtya meM rasa, bhAva, anubhAva evaM ceSTAoM kA honA parama Avazyaka hai / 288 AdipurANa meM nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAoM ke sandarbha meM manda manda muskAna se dekhate hue bhauMhoM ke saMcAlana, stana kampana, manthara gati, sthUla nitamba ke vibhinna mudrAoM meM pradarzana, bhujAoM ke saMcAlana, kaTi hilAne, zarIra ke nAbhi Adi avayavoM ke pradarzana, pRthvI tala chor3a kara nRtya karane, nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAoM ke zIghratA se parivartana, nRtya dvArA keza - pAza pradarzana, spandana, gAyana ke sAtha, kaTAkSa evaM hAvabhAva ke sAtha, puSpa evaM svarNa ke ghaToM ko sira para rakhakara, netroM dvArA vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karake, eka bhujA para nartakI tathA dUsare para nartaka ko nRtya karAte hue svayaM nRtya karane aura indra ke tANDava nRtya ke aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiM / 289 nRtya ke sAtha vINA, puSkara, bAMsurI, jhAMjha, nagAr3e, dundubhi, jhallarI, kAhala, tAla, mRdaMga, paNava, dardura tathA vipaMcI Adi vAdyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 290 elorA kI jaina guphA saM0 30 meM ziva ke naTeza mUrtiyoM ke samAna kucha nRtyarata mUrtiyA~ bhI ullekhanIya haiN| eka udAharaNa meM do puruSa AkRtiyoM ko ziva AkRti ke samAna eka paira uThAkara atyanta gatizIla rUpa meM nRtyarata dikhAyA gayA hai / jaina mahApurANa meM nRtya ke nimnalikhita prakAra evaM svarUpoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye nRtya mukhyataH vibhinna apsarAoM ( nIlAMjanA ) evaM indra dvArA kiye gaye / jaina purANoM meM ziva ke sthAna para indra dvArA vibhinna nRtyoM kA kiyA jAnA dhyAtavya hai / sAtha hI kaI nRtya loka zailI ke nRtya bhI pratIta hote haiM / (1) Ananda nRtya 291 : indra dvArA Ananda nRtya karane tathA zreSTha gandharvo dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke vAdya ( jhAMjha evaM bAMsurI Adi ) bajAye jAne kA ullekha AdipurANa meM huA hai / isa nRtya meM aneka nartakiyA~ bhI bhAga letI thIM tathA yaha nRtya zRMgAra rasa se paripUrNa aura sarasa hotA thaa| samAja meM isa nRtya kA vizeSa pracalana thA /
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 239 (2) alAtacakra natya 12 : isa nRtya kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki isameM tejI ke sAtha phirakI lete hue nRtya karate the tathA vibhinna mudrAoM ke dvArA zarIra ke aMga-pratyaMga kA saMcAlana karate the / (3) indrajAla nRtya293 : jisa nRtya meM kSaNa meM vyApta, kSaNa meM laghu, kSaNa meM prakaTa, kSaNa meM adRzya, kSaNa meM dUra, kSaNa meM nikaTa, kabhI AkAza meM to kabhI pRthvI para AnA pradarzita hotA he use indrajAla nRtya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isameM nartaka ke sAtha nartakI bhI bhAga letI thii| (4) kaTAkSa natya294 : isa natya meM nartakiyA~ puruSa kI bhujAoM para apane kaTAkSoM kA vikSepaNa karatI huI nRtya karato thiiN| isI prakAra eka anya nRtya meM jo 'sUcI nRtya' kahalAtA thA nartakI puruSa kI aMguliyoM para nRtya karatI thii| . (5) cakra nRtya295 : isa nRtya meM nartaka, nartakiyoM ke sAtha cakra kI bhA~ti tejI se cakkara lagAte hue nRtya karatA thaa| (6) tANDava natya296 : mahApurANa ke anusAra pAda, kaTi, kaNTha tathA hAtha ko tAloM, kalAoM, varNoM tathA layoM para saMcAlita karanA hI tANDava nRtya hai / AdipurANa meM indra dvArA isa nRtya ko kiye jAne kA ullekha huA hai jabaki brAhmaNa paramparA meM ziva dvArA isa nRtya ko karane kA sandarbha prApta hotA hai| (7) niSkramaNa nRtya297 : isameM nartakI vibhinna rUpa meM niSkramaNa dikhalAtI huI nRtya karatI thii| (8) putalI natya298 : isa nRtya meM nartaka kI bhujAoM para nartakiyA~ isa prakAra nRtya karatI thIM mAno kisI yantra kI paTTI para putaliyA~ yantravata nRtva kara rahI hoN| .. (9) bahurUpiNI nRtya299 : isa nRtya meM nRtyarata nartakiyoM ke gale meM par3e hue motiyoM ke hAra para unake hI pratibimba isa prakAra pratIta hote the jaise indra kI bahurUpiNI vidyA hI nRtya kara rahI hai| (10) bAMsa natya300 : isa nRtya meM nartakI, nartaka kI aMguliyoM ke agrabhAga para apanI nAbhi rakhakara isa prakAra phirakI lagAtI huI nRtya karatI thI jaise kisI bA~sa ke Upara nRtya kiyA jA rahA ho| - (11) lAsya nRtya301 : sukumAra prayogoM se paripUrNa hone ke kAraNa yaha nRtya lAsya nRtya kahalAtA thaa| zrAvaNa mAha meM dolA krIr3A ke samaya kAminiyoM dvArA yaha nRtya kiyA jAtA thaa|302
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________________ 240 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana (12) sAmUhika nRtya303 : isa nRtya meM aneka vyakti saMyukta rUpa se eka hI bhAva, anubhAva, rasa evaM ceSTAoM ke sAtha nRtya karate the| yaha nRtya sAmUhika rUpa se gherA banAkara kiyA jAtA thaa| __(13) sUcI nRtya304 : isa nRtya meM nartakI, nartaka ke hAthoM kI aMguliyoM para nRtya karatI thii| (14) nIlAMjanA nRtya : AdipurANa meM nIlAMjanA ke nRtya ko dekhakara tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko vairAgya utpanna hone kA ullekha hai|305 (15) mayUra nRtya30 : AdipurANa meM mayUra kA rUpa dhara kara nRtya karane kA ullekha hai jo Adhunika kAla kI bhA~ti usa samaya bhI mayUra nRtya ke pracalana kI aura saMketa karatA hai| ___ jaina purANoM meM ullikhita saMgIta va nRtya ke mUrta udAharaNa hameM vibhinna jaina mandiroM va guphAoM kI mUrtikalA aura citrakalA meM bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| elorA ( guphA saM0 31 ) meM nRtyarata apsarAoM ke citra isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / 307 isI prakAra vimalavasahI ke (mAuNTa AbU, 12vIM zatI I0 ) sabhAmaNDapa ke vitAna para vibhinna nRtyAMganAoM ke sAtha caturbhujI ambikA evaM kubera dikpAla ke aMkana meM nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAe~ spaSTataH dekhI jA sakatI haiM / 308 vainika upayoga ke pAtra Adi : mahApurANa meM miTTI, svarNa, cA~dI, tAmra Adi ke vibhinna bartanoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinakA pAkazAlA tathA anya kAryoM ke liye prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| mahApurANa meM varNita hai ki antima kulakara nAbhirAja ne svayaM sarvaprathama miTTI ke aneka prakAra ke pAtra banAkara diye the| unhoMne pAtra banAne kA upadeza bhI diyA thaa| 309 yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki prArambha meM miTTI ke hI bartanoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA aura kramazaH bAda meM vibhinna dhAtuoM kA prayoga vibhinna pAtroM ke nimitta huA / jaina purANoM se prApta sAmagriyoM ke AdhAra para usa samaya nimnalikhita pAtroM ke prayoga kA ullekha milatA hai-piThara10 ( baTaloI yA maTakA), sthAlI 11 (thAlI), cASaka312 ( kaTorA), sUrpa3 13 ( anAja se kUr3A sApha karane kA pAtra ), kalaza314 ( jala bharane kA ghar3A), bhuMgora315 (jhArI yA sAgara), uSTrikA316 ( kar3AhA yA kar3AhI ), pArthivaghaTa:17 (miTTI kA ghar3A), karaka318 ( karavA), svarNa kumbha319, zukti AkRtipAtra320 ( sIpa ke AkAra ke pAtra ), kuNDa321 ( patthara kA
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 241 kaThautA ), sthAlI 322 ( haNDe - bhojana banAne ke vizAlapAtra ) tathA karkerikA 323 ( jala rakhane kA jhArI jaisA pAtra | AdipurANa meM cAlina 24 ( ATA cAlane kI calanI ) kA bhI ullekha huA hai / vivAha tathA anya kAryoM meM prayukta hone vAle suvarNa ke pATa evaM caukI kA bhI ullekha mahApurANa meM hai / 934 delavAr3A aura kuMbhAriyA ke jaina mandiroM meM tIrthaMkaroM ke abhiSeka evaM neminAtha ke vivAha ke prasaMga meM vibhinna prakAra ke ghaToM kA akana huA hai / uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki mahApurANa meM kevala tIrthaMkaroM evaM unake yakSa-yakSiyoM ke vivaraNa hI nahIM varan tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana sambandhita vividha pakSoM kA bhI vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai / kadAcit jIvana kA koI aisA pakSa rahA ho jisakA mahApurANa meM ullekha na huA ho / pAva - TippaNI 1. kamala giri, bhAratIma zRMgAra, vArANasI 1987, pR0 4 / 2. zAGkhAyana gRhyasUtra 4, 15, atharvaveda 19.44.1 / 3. uttarapurANa 62.29 / 4. uttarapurANa 68.225 / 5. uttarapurANa 63.462, 458 / 6. bhogabhUmi aisA kAla thA jisameM manuSyoM ke manovAMchita vastrAbhUSaNoM kI pUrti kucha vizeSa vRkSoM dvArA hotI thI / 7. AdipurANa 9. 14-42 / 8. sI0 zivarAmamUrti, skalpacara inspAyarDa bAI kAlidAsa, madrAsa yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rUpamaNDana, pR0 71 / 9. uttarapurANa 61.124; 63.415 / Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, ajantA elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kensa, bambaI 1962, vi0 saM0 138 / 10. indramaNi ke do bheda batAye gaye haiM / eka mahAindramaNi jo halke aura gahare nIle raMga kI hotI thI, dUsarI indranIlamaNi jo halke nIle raMga kI hotI tho / 11. harivaMzapurANa 2.7, 8, 9, 10, 54, 7.72, 73; uttarapurANa 68.676; AdipurANa 35.42 / 12. AdipurANa 14.14; 7.231; 13.154, 138, 136 / 16
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________________ 242 : jainamahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 13. AdipurANa 12.44; 35.234 / 14. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 152 / 15. AdipurANa, 3.78, 91, 130; 5.4; 9.41; 10.126; 11.133 / 16. AdipurANa 16.234 / 17. AdipurANa 33.153 / 18. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0, ni0, citra saM0 89, 155, 162; mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, citra saM0 53, 54 / 19. uttarapurANa 68.650; AdipurANa 11.133 / 20. AdipurANa 3.78 / 21. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 125, 150 / 22. AdipurANa 1.44, 4.94; 14.8, padmapurANa 36.7; harivaMzapurANa 11.13; 38.42 / 23. AdipurANa 21.167 / 24. padmapurANa 71.7; 11.327; AdipurANa 9.189; raghuvaMza (kAlidAsa), saM0 eca0 DI0 velAkara, bambaI 1948, 13.59 / 25. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, paTanA 1964, pR0 219 / 26. padmapurANa 8.70 / 27. AdipurANa 14.7 / 28. AdipurANa 3.78 / 29. AdipurANa 16.233 / 30. bahatsaMhitA 48.5 / 31. vistAra ke lie draSTavya, kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 256 / 32. AdipurANa 3.78; 11.133; 14.11--14; 15.189; 16.33, 8, 41; 37.157; 43.347; padmapurANa 118.47; harivaMzapurANa 7.89 / 33. AdipurANa 15.189; 16.33 / 34. AdipurANa *3.247 / 35. mArutinandana tivArI, jaina pratimAvijJAna, citra saM0 49 / 36. AdipurANa 3.78, 102; 4.177; 16.133; 9.190; 33.124 / 36. samarAiccakahA 2, pR0 100 / 38. yazastilaka pR0 366 / 39. padmapurANa 3.3; 71.6 / 40. kumArasambhava 7.38 /
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________________ 41. AdipurANa 7.129-32 / 42. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pU0 ni0, pR0 154 / 43. AdipurANa 18.203-205; 35.32-35 / 44. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 206 - 208 / 45. vahIM, pR0 258 / 6. AdipurANa 26.126; 33.247 / 47. AdipurANa 16.47 / 48. AdipurANa 16.52 / 49. AdipurANa 16.52 / 50. AdipurANa 16.53 / 51. AdipurANa 16.54 / 52. AdipurANa 16.54 / 53. AdipurANa 16.50-51 / 54. raghuvaMza 6.14; meghadUta 50 / 55. AdipurANa 16.49 / 56. AdipurANa 16.49 / 56. AdipurANa 3.7, 78, 156 5.6, 136; 16.587; uttarapurANa 63.434; padmapurANa 3.277; 71.2, harivaMzapurANa 7.87, 8, 182 / 57. AdipurANa 15.81-83 / 58. AdipurANa 16.38 / 59, arthazAstra ( vAcaspati gairolA anuvAda ), vArANato 1977, pR0 15253; arthazAstra (zAmAzAstrI anuvAda ) maisUra 1951, pR0 76-78 / 60. AdipurANa 16.56 / 61. AdipurANa 16.57 / 62. AdipurANa 19.58; harivaMzapurANa 7.89 / 63. AdipurANa 16.58 / 64. AdipurANa 16.59 / 65. AdipurANa 16.59 / 66. AdipurANa 16, 59 / 67. AdipurANa 16.60 / 68. AdipurANa 16.61 sAMskRtika jIvana : 243 69. AdipurANa 16.61 / 50. AdipurANa 16, 61, 65-66 !
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________________ 244 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 71. AdipurANa 16.62-64 / 72. nemicandra zAstrI, AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, vArANasI 1968, pR0 216 / 73. AdipurANa 6.8 / / 74. AdipurANa 15.193; harivaMzapurANa 47.38 / 75. padmapurANa 3,277; 88.61 / 76. padmapurANa 33.183; AdipurANa 29,167 / 77. harivaMzapurANa 11.13 / 78. AdipurANa 15,192-194 / 79, AdipurANa 14.11 / 80. padmapurANa 100.25 / 81, AdipurANa 15.81; padmapurANa 3,191; elorA ko guphA saM0 32 kI aMbikA AkRti meM bhI muktAhAra ke udAharaNa draSTavya hai| Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 140 / 82, AdipurANa 5.6 / 83. AdipurANa 9.150 / 84. devIprasAda mizrA, pU0 ni0, pR0 160 85. harivaMzapurANa 8.189-91; 10vI-12vIM zatI I0 ko yakSI mUrtiyoM meM gale ke vibhinna AbhUSaNoM ke udAharaNa vekhe jA sakate haiN| 86. kamala giri, pU0ni0, pR0 261 / 87. AdipurANa 5.257; 9.41; 14.12; 15.199; harivaMzapurANa 11.14 / 88, gokulacandra jaina, yazastilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, amRtasara 1967 pR0 147 / 89. raghuvaMza 6.14, 53; 16.60 / 90. Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 Do0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 140 / 91. AdipurANa 3.157; 9.41; 15.199; uttarapurANa 68.652; harivaMza purANa 7.89; padmapurANa 3.2, 190; 8.415; 11. 328; 85.107, 88.31; raghuvaMza 7.50 / 92. raghuvaMza 7.50; ina bhujabandhoM ke udAharaNa 10vIM va 11vIM zatI I0 kI kramazaH elorA aura satanA kI yakSI kI mUrtiyoM meM milate haiM / 93. harivaMzapurANa 8.180 / 94. harivaMzapurANa 8.186; 11.11; padmapurANa 3.3; AdipurANa 7.235; 14.12; 15.236; uttarapurANa 68.652 /
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 245 95. AdirANa 37,185 / 96. bhagavatIsUtra 9.33.3; 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 ke devagar3ha mandira 11 aura 12 ko aMbikA ba cakrezvarI yakSI kI AkRtiyoM ke karoM meM kaTaka ke spaSTa udAharaNa dekhe jA sakate haiM / karnATaka se prApta lagabhaga 11vIM zatI I0 ko caturbhujA cakrezvarI mUrti ke karoM meM vartamAna cUr3I ke samAna AbhUSaNa hai| 97. vhiiN| 98. raghuvaMza 6.18; abhijJAnazAkuntalam 6.1, 2 / 99. harivaMzapurANa 8.186, 45.11; Adipura rANa 7.235; 47.219; uttara purANa 59.167; 68.367, padmapurANa 3.195 / / 100. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 54; yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 125 / 101. padmapurANa 33.131 / 102. padamapurANa 76.65; AdipurANa 3.159; 11.44; 12.30, 38; 14. 11-14; 14; 19.129; uttarapurANa 63.437 / 103. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 21 / / 104. bhagavatIsUtra 9.33.3 / 105. raghuvaMza 9.37; 19.25; kumArasambhava 8.83 / 106. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 20, 37, 53, 54; Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 140 / / 107. RtusaMhAra 3.26; 6.7 / 108. padmapurANa 3.194; 8.72; AdipurANa 7.129; 12.29; ( 11vIM zato I0 kI patiyAnadAI ( satanA, ma0 pra0) kI aMbikA mUrti meM kAMcI kA spaSTa udAharaNa draSTavya hai)| 109. AdipurANa 15.203 / 110. raghuvaMza 19.41; RtusaMhAra 3.20; meghadUta (pUrva ) 39 / 111. AdipurANa 13.69; 16.16,19; harivaMzapurANa 7.89; 11.15 / 112. bhagavatIsUtra 9.33.3; AdipurANa 16.137 / 113. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 265 / 114. mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 51, 53, 54 / 115. Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 140 / 116. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 116 / 117. AdipurANa 14.14 / 118. motIcandra, pU0 ni0, bhUmikA, pR0 20 /
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________________ 246 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 119. bhagavatIsUtra 15.3, 4; 16.6.5; 15.1.1.541; paumacariya 3.143 / 120. paumacariya 3.143; 27.33; bhagavatIsUtra 11.9.417; kAlidAsa ne bhI sAdhuoM dvArA vRkSoM kI chAla se nirmita vastra pahanane kA ullekha kiyA hai| abhijJAnazAkuntalam 1.14; 19, 30 / 121. paumacariya 8.273; bhagavatIsUtra 9.33.3; 11.11.32 / 122. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 147 / 123. AdipurANa 5.276 / 124. Ara0 esa0 gupne evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 141 142; yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 29, 31 / 125. Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 139 / 126. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 22, 35 / 127. vahIM, citra saM0 90, 119, 147 / 128. meghadUta 30 / 129. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 143 / 130. vahIM / 131. bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya 4.36-61 / 132. samarAiccakahA 1, pR0 74; AcArAMgasUtra 2, 5, 1, 3 / 133. motIcandra, pU0 ni0, pR0 55 / . 134. padmapurANa 3.198; AdipurANa 10.181; 11.133, 12.30; 15.23 / 135. motIcandra, pU0 ni0, pR0 55 / 136. AdipurANa 9.53 / 137. AdipurANa 8.8; 12.176; 37.96 / 138. RtusaMhAra 6.5 / 139. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 147 / 140. AdipurANa 7.142 / 141. AdipurANa 16.234 / 142. AdipurANa 11.44; padmapurANa 3122 / 143. AdipurANa 12.173 / 144. bAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pU0 ni0, pR0 76 / 145. motIcandra, pU0 ni0, pR09| 146. AdipurANa 9.48; 30.103; harivaMzapurANa 7.87; 11.121 / 147. aMgavijjA 28, pR0 160 /
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________________ 148. bRhatkalpasUtra 4.36.62 / 149. AdipurANa 9.48; aMgavijjA 28, pR0 160 / 150. hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa 3.4.41 / 131. amarakoza 2.6.117-118 / 152. AdipurANa 10.178 / 153. aMgavijjA 28, pR0 160 / 154. kamala giri, pU0 ni, pR0 131 / 155. AdipurANa 1.14; harivaMzapurANa 9.115 / 156. hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa 3.3.3 / 157. AdipurANa 9.48 / 158. AdipurANa 47.76; harivaMzapurANa 11.121 / 159. aMgavijjA 28, pR0 160-161 / 160. harivaMzapurANa 11.121; AdipurAga 3. 188; 7.142; 9;53 / 161. aMgavijjA 31, pR0 163-64 / 162. aMgavijjA 28, pR0 160 / 163. AdipurANa 13.70 / 164. amarakoza 2.6.117 / sAMskRtika jIvana : 247 165. AdipurANa 1.7, 28.38 padmapurANa 3.296; harivaMzapurANa 9.115 166, paumacariya 3.143; 27.33; bhagavatAsUtra 11.9.417; kAlidAsa ne bhI sAdhuoM dvArA vRkSoM kI chAla se nirmita vastra pahanane kA ullekha kiyA hai / abhijJAnazAkuntalam 1.14, 19, 30 / 167. motIcandra, pU0 ni0, pR0 31 / 168. AdipurANa 8.161; 27.24; 37.153 / 169. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, pU0 ni0, 75 / 170. bhagavatIsUtra 15.1.541 / 171. padmapurANa 7.171, harivaMzapurANa 7.87; 11.121; AdipurANa 6 . 66; 9.24; 11.27; 30.103 / 172. AcArAMgasUtra 2.5.13 / 173. AdipurANa 3.188 / 174. AdipurANa 43.211 / 175. harivaMzapurANa 11.121 / 176. raghuvaMza 7.29 / 177. AdipurANa 39.28 /
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________________ 248 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 178. AdipurANa 39.193 / 179. bRhatakalpasUtrabhASya 4.39.24; bhagavatIsUtra 9.33.3 / 180. draSTavya, kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 148 / 181. padmapurANa 16.240; 8.424; 27.31; 7.172; 27.67; 3.296; harivaMzapurANa 41.33 / 182. sI0 zivarAmamUrti, "di cArma oNva pheminina kaoNyaphara', draSTavya vINA purohita, iNDiyana heyara sTAila, bambaI 1962 / 183. AdipurANa 37.118 / 184. meghadUta (uttara) 2; RtusaMhAra 6.33; kumArasaMbhava 7.14 / / 285. AdipurANa 12.53; 15.90; 43.247 / 186. bRhatsaMhitA 77.5; kumArasambhava 7.14, meghadUta (pUrva) 36; RtusaMhAra 4.5, 5.12 / 187. AdipurANa 27.120 / 188. AdipurANa 12.221 / 189. raghuvaMza 4.54, 8.53 / 190. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, kalA aura saMskRti, ilAhAbAda 1958, pR0 286 / 191. AdipurANa 6.80 / 192. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla 'TerAkoTA phigarinsa oNpha ahicchatrA, DisTrikTa barelI, yU0 pI0', enziyanTa iNDiyA, saM0 4, pR0 132, phalaka 45 / 193. amarakoza 2.6.97 / 194. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla, 'rAjaghATa ke khilaunoM kA eka adhyayana', kalA aura saMskRti, pR0 251 / 195. AdipurANa 12.41; 37.108, 28.31, 39 / 196. harivaMzapurANa 43.12; AdipurANa 35.32-36, 37.118 / 197. yU0 pI0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 104 / 198. AdipurANa 28.31 / / 199. raghuvaMza 14.12; meghadUta (pUrva) 18 / 200. raghuvaMza 17.23 / 201. yU0 po0 zAha, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 147, 154 / 202. AdipurANa 35.34 / 203. kamala giri, pU0 ni0, pR0 6 / 204. paumacariya 69.6 /
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________________ 205. bhagavatI sUtra 9.33.3 / 206. kAdambaro (bANabhaTTakRta ), anu0 jagannAtha pAThaka, vArANasI 1972, pR0 276 / 207. AdipurANa 20.20 / 208. AdipurANa 7.230; 14.6; 43.247 / 209. AdipurANa 7.230; kAdambarI, pR0 21 284, harSacarita, pR0 127 / 210. AdipurANa 14.9; 27.120; 43.247 / 211. kumArasambhava 7.59 / 212. AdipurANa 43.247 / 213. AdipurANa 7.134; 43.248 / 214. raghuvaMza 17.24; mAlavikAgnimitram 3.5 // 215. AdipurANa 43.248 / 216. vahIM / 217. abhijJAnazAkuntalam 7.23; kumArasambhava 5.34 / 218. AdipurANa 7.133, 145 / sAMskRtika jIvana : 249 219. AdipurANa 13.178 / 220. AdipurANa 7.230; 9.7, 11; 12.174; harivaMzapurANa 38.54 / 221. paumacariya 3.105 8.27 31.46; 117.26 / 222. kumArasambhava 7.15; RtusaMhAra 2.22 / 223. AdipurANa 9.7,11 / 224. AdipurANa 14.4 / 225. AdipurANa 12.174 / 226. raghuvaMza 12.27; 17.24 // 227. 1. uttarapurANa 63.289 / 228. AdipurANa 14.88 / 229. paumacariya 2.11; 8.268; 14.92 / 230. raghuvaMza 4.55; 13.60; 19.25 / 231. AdipurANa 14.88 / 232. AdipurANa 8, 148; 16.234; 17. 167; harivaMzapurANa 31.3 / 233. AdipurANa 5.288; 11.8 / 234. AdipurANa 8.148; 15.88 235. jJAtadharmakathAsUtra pR0 68 / 236. AcArAMgasUtra 2.11.1-8 /
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________________ 250 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 237. kalpasUtra, pR0 253, 254, 295 / 238. harivaMzapurANa 8. 158 / 239. jambUdvIpaprajJapti TIkA 5, pR0 413 / 240. harivaMzapurANa 19.153-54, 169, 171 / 241. AdipurANa 13.174; 16.197 / 142. AcArAMgasUtra 2.15.5-15; bhagavatI sUtra 5.4.636; harivaMzapurANa 8. 159; yahA~ para vitata avanaddha vAdya ke liye prayukta huA hai / 243. harivaMzapurANa 19.143-144 / 244. harivaMzapurANa 19.145 / 245. AdipurANa 15.147; 23.62 / 246. AdipurANa 12.239; 12.199-204 / 247. AdipurANa 12.203 / 248. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 62 / 249. vahIM, pR0 182 / 250. harivaMzapurANa 8.44 ; padmapurANa 24.20 / 251. lAlamaNi mizra, bhAratIya saMgIta vAdya, naI dillI 1973, pR0 57 // 252. harivaMzapurANa 19.137 / 253. uttarapurANa 75.327-328 / 254. padmapurANa 24.20; harivaMzapurANa 19.143 / 254. padmapurANa 2.20 ; harivaMzapurANa 19.143 / 255. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 65 / 256. AdipurANa 13.7; harivaMzapurANa 11.120 / 257. padmapurANa 6.379; harivaMzapurANa 4.6 59.76; AdipurANa 15. 147 / 258. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 296 / 259. padmapurANa 80.55 / 260. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 69 / 261. padmapurANa 80.54; harivaMzapurANa 8.141; AdipurANa 13.177; 15.147; 23.62 / 262. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 297 / 263. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 76-78 / 264. harivaMzapurANa 8. 157; AdipurANa 15.147; 23.63 / 265. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 297 /
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 251 266. harivaMzapurANa 22.12; AdipurANa 12.207; 23.62 / 267. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 297 / 268. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 78-79 / 269. AdipurANa 3.174; 14.115 / 270. padmapurANa 44.72; 58.27; harivaMzapurANa 8.141; AdipurANa 13.13 / 271. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 86 / 272. harivaMzapurANa 4.6, 8.157; 22.12; AdipurANa 12.205; 13.177; 17.143 / 273. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 298 / / 274. AdipurANa 12.207; 54.192 / 275. harivaMzapurANa 59.16; AdipurANa 15.147; 17.113; 23.62 / 276. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ti0, pR0 299 / 277. harivaMzapurANa 59.16; AdipurANa 12.207; 15.47; uttarapurANa 68549 / 278. lAlamaNi mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 100-101 / 279. harivaMzapurANa 10.102; AdipurANa 12.203; 14.116 / 280. padmapurANa 6.379; harivaMzapurANa 59.16; AdipurANa 12.200 / 281. harivaMzapurANa 8.141; AdipurANa 12.208; 13.13, 15.147; uttarapurANa 68.631 / 282. harivaMzapurANa 19.143 / 283. AdipurANa 13.13; 14.158 / 284. AdipurANa 15:147 / 285 harivaMzapurANa 5.365 / 286. zivazekhara mizra, mAnasollAsa : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, vArANasI 1966; pR0 431 / 287. padmapurANa 39.53-56; harivaMzapurANa 22-15 / 288. AdipurANa 14.145-149 / 189. AdipurANa 12.189-197; 14.116; 14.132; 14.153; 14. 193 / 290. AdipurANa 14.116; harivaMzapurANa 22.11-21 / 291. AdipurANa 14.157-158; harivaMzapurANa 53.30 / 292. AdipurANa 14.928; 14.143 /
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________________ 252 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 193. AdipurANa 14.130-139 / 294. AdipurANa 14.144 / 215. AdipurANa 14.136 / 296. harivaMzapurANa 8.233; vRttAnugandhigadyama, pR0 491; AvipurANa 14. 133; uttarapurANa 50.34 / 297. AdipurANa 94.934 / 298. AdipurANa 14.150 / 299. AdipurANa 14.141 / 300 AdipurANa 14.143 / 301. AdipurANa 14.133, 155 / 302. devIprasAda mizra, pU0 ni0, pR0 305 / 303. AdipurANa 14.148-149 / 304. harivaMzapurANa 21.44; AdipurANa 14.142 / 305. kakAlITIlA, mathurA (la. pahalI zatI I0 ) se prApta RSabhanAtha ke jIvana dRzya meM nIlAMjanA kA natya isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / sAtha hI kuMbhAriyA ke jaina mandiroM meM RSabhanAtha ke jIvana dRzyoM ke zilpAMkana meM bhI nIlAMjanA kA nRtya dikhAyA gayA hai| mArutinandana tivArI, pU0 ni0, citra saM0 12 / 306. AdipurANa 14.193 / 207. Ara0 esa0 gupte evaM bI0 DI0 mahAjana, ajantA, elorA eNDa auraMgA bAda kevsa, bambaI 1962; citra saM0 136 / 308. yU0 pI0 zAha, jaina rupamaNDana, citra saM0 154, 161 / / 309. AdipurANa 3.294 / 310. padmapurANa 33.180 AdipurANa 5.72 / 311. padmapurANa 120.21; 53.134; AdipurANa 3.204, 9.47; harivaMza purANa 7.86 / 312. AdipurANa 9.47; harivaMzapurANa 7.86 / 313. padmapurANa 33.180 / 314. AdipurANa 13.116 / 315. padmapurANa 947; AdipurANa 9.47 / 316. AdipurANa 10.44 / 317. AdipurANa 35.126 /
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________________ sAMskRtika jIvana : 253 llh llh llh 318 AdipurANa 9.47 / 319. AdipurANa 43.210 / 320. AdipurANa 9.47 / 321. AdipurANa 26.46 / 322. AdipurANa 37.67 / 323. harivaMzapurANa 15.11 / 324. AdipurANa 1.139 / / 325. AdipurANa 43.261; uttarapurANa 71.151 / llh llh
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________________ navama adhyAya upasaMhAra purANoM kI racanA brAhmaNa evaM jaina donoM hI dharmoM meM pracura saMkhyA meM kI gyii| ye purANa vastutaH bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizvakoza haiM jinameM vibhinna kathAoM ke mAdhyama se dhArmika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM ke sAtha hI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, sAMskRtika, Arthika aura kalAparaka viSayoM kI vistArapUrvaka carcA milatI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM aise granthoM ko carita yA caritra tathA digambara paramparA meM purANa kahA gayA hai| lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI I0 se 10vIM zatI I0 ke madhya jina prArambhika jaina purANoM ko racanA kI gayI unameM vimalasUrikRta paumacariya, raviSNakRta padmapurANa, jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa, jinasena evaM guNabhadrakRta saMskRta mahApurANa tathA puSpadantakRta apabhraMza mahApurANa sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa haiM / __ jaina purANoM meM mahApurANa sarvAdhika lokapriya thA jo AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa ina do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| AdipurANa kI racanA jinasena ne lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 ke madhya aura uttarapurANa kI racanA unake ziSya guNabhadra ne navIM zatI I0 ke aMta yA 10voM zatI I0 ke prArambha meM kI thii| mahApurANa meM jaina devakUla ke 24 tIrthaMkaroM tathA 12 cakravartI, 9 balabhadra, 9 nArAyaNa aura 9 pratinArAyaNa sahita kula tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM ( zreSThajanoM ) ke jIvanacarita kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa huA hai| kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se AdipurANa evaM uttarapurANa arthAt mahApurANa (digambara paramparA ) kI sAmagrI kA vizeSa mahattva hai kyoMki unakA racanAkAla ( 9vIM-10vIM zatI I0 ) tIrthaMkaroM sahita anya zalAkApuruSoM tathA jaina devoM ke svarUpa yA lakSaNa nirdhAraNa kA kAla thaa| ina granthoM ko racanA ke bAda hI zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM vibhinna zilpazAstrIya granthoM kI racanA huI jinameM jaina ArAdhyadevoM ke pratimAlakSaNa kA vistArapUrvaka nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| dhArmika samanvaya kI bhAvAtmaka abhivyakti kI dRSTi se RSabhanAtha tIrthaMkara ke 1008 nAmoM se stavana ke sandarbha meM ziva, brahmA, viSNu evaM buddhAdi devoM ke aneka nAmoM kA ullekha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai / ina nAmoM
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________________ upasaMhAra : 255 meM svayaMbhU, zaMbhu, zaMkara, sadyojAta, jagannAtha, lakSmIpati, trinetra, jitamanmatha, tripurAri, trilocana, dhAtA, brahmA, ziva, IzAna, hiraNyagarbha, vizvamUrti, bhUtanAtha, vidhAtA, mRtyuJjaya, pitAmaha, mahezvara, mahAdeva, kAmAri evaM caturAnana mukhya haiM / anya nAmoM meM indra ( mahendra, sahasrAkSa ), sUrya (Aditya), kubera, vAmana evaM rAma, kRSNa, indrANI evaM vindhyavAsinI devI ullekhanIya haiN| sAtha hI bauddha devakula se sambandhita buddha, siddhArtha, svayaMbuddha tathA akSobhya jaise nAma bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / bhagIratha aura gaMgA tathA ziva ke sthAna para indra ke tANDava nRtya ke sandarbha bhI brAhmaNa paramparA ke anukaraNa kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM / isI prakAra solaha saMskAroM tathA varNoM kI carcA bhI sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / mahApurANa kI racanA rASTrakUTa zAsaka amoghavarSa - prathama evaM kRSNadvitIya ke zAsanakAla aura kSetra meM huI, ataH usakI kalAparaka sAmagrI kA rASTrakUTa kalA kendra elorA kI jaina guphAoM ( saM0 30-34 ) kI mUrtiyoM kI zAstrIya aura sAhityika pRSThabhUmi kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai / jJAtavya hai ki mahApurANa evaM elorA kI jaina guphAyeM samakAlIna ( 9vIM - 10vIM zatI I0 ) aura digambara paramparA se sambaddha haiM jisase mahApurANa kI kalAparaka sAmagrI ke elorA kI jaina guphAoM kI mUrtiyoM se tulanA kA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| elorA kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM unake zarIra se lipaTI mAdhavI evaM sarpa, vRzcikU, chipakalI tathA mRga jaise jIva-jantuoM kA zarIra para yA samIpa hI vicaraNa karate hue aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM zaMbara ke vistRta upasargoM ke aMkana spaSTataH mahApurANa ke ullekhoM se nirdiSTa rahe haiM / mahApurANa meM 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke antargat 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI sUcI meM - RSabhanAtha ( yA AdinAtha ), ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinandana, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, suvidhinAtha ( puSpadanta ), zItalanAtha, zreyAMzanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvrata, naminAtha, nemi - nAtha ( yA ariSTanemi ), pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra ( yA vardhamAna ); 12 cakravartiyoM meM- bharata, sagara ( yA sAgara), madhavA, sanatkumAra, zAnti, kunthu, ara, subhauma ( yA subhUma ) padma, hariSeNa, jayasena tathA brahmadatta, 9 balabhadroM meM- vijaya ( yA acala ), acala ( yA vijaya ), dharma ( yA bhadra), suprabha, sudarzana, nandiSeNa ( yA Ananda ), nandimitra
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________________ 256 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana ( yA nandana ), rAma ( yA padma ) evaM padma ( yA balarAma ); 9 nArAyaNoM meM- tripRSTha, dvipRSTha, svayambhU, puruSottama, puruSa siMha, puNDarIka ( yA puruSapuNDarIka ), datta, lakSmaNa va kRSNa tathA 9 pratinArAyaNoM meM-- azvagrIva, tAraka, madhu ( yA meraka), madhusUdana ( nizumbha ), madhukrIDa ( yA madhukaiTabha), nizumbha ( yA bali), balIndra ( yA prahalAda ), rAvaNa evaM jarAsandha ke nAmollekha milate haiM / pUrNavikasita jaina devakula meM 62 zalAkApuruSoM ke atirikta 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI yugala, vidyAdeviyA~, aSTadikpAla, navagraha, lakSmI, sarasvatI, naigameSI, indra, brahmazAnti evaM kapardI yakSa aura gaNeza jaise devI-devatA sammilita the / la0 12vIM zatI I0 taka jaina devakula ke devatAoM ke vistRta lakSaNa bhI niyata kiye jA cuke the aura tadnurUpa devagar3ha, khajurAho, mathurA, bilaharI, khaNDa giri, ur3IsA, rAjagira, elorA, hummaca, halebiDa, arsikerI, zravaNabelagola jaise digambara evaM osiyAM, akoTA, delavAr3A, kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM para vibhinna deva svarUpoM kA nirUpaNa huA / sAhitya aura zilpa ke AdhAra para 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke bAda yakSI, vidyAdevI, lakSmI, sarasvatI Adi ke rUpa meM deviyoM ko hI sarvAdhika pratiSThA milo jo zakti aura tAMtrika pUjana se prabhAvita pratIta hotA hai / jaina devakula ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahApurANa kI sAmagrI kI kucha nijI vizeSatAe~ rahI haiM jo kinhIM arthoM meM navIM - 10vIM zatI I0 meM jaina devakula ke vikAsa ke anurUpa haiM / digambara paramparA meM 24 tIrthaM - karoM ke yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA svatantra nirUpaNa 12vIM zatI I0 meM huA jo pratiSThA sArasaMgraha meM varNita hai / sambhavataH isI kAraNa jaina mahApurANa meM 24 yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kA anullekha hai / 63 zalAkApuruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM - rAma, balarAma, kRSNa, bharata, bAhubalI Adi ke sandarbha elorA, devagar3ha, khajurAho tathA anya digambara sthaloM para unakI mUrta abhivyakti ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM / inake atirikta mahApurANa meM vibhinna prasaMgoM meM indra, ziva, viSNu, brahmA, vAmanadeva, lakSmI, sarasvatI, sUrya, gaMgA va sindhu devI, kubera, dikkumArI, bhavanavAsI, kalpavAsI, jyotiSka tathA vyantara devoM aura laukAntika devoM evaM lokapUjana se sambandhita zrI, hI, dhRti, buddhi aura kIrti Adi deviyoM ke ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM jo jaina devakula ko vyApaka aura samanvayAtmaka avadhAraNA ko vyakta karate haiM /
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________________ upasaMhAra : 250 mahApurANa meM 24 tothaMkaroM meM RSabhanAtha ko sarvAdhika mahattva diyA gayA jinake bAda pArzvanAtha aura tatpazcAt neminAtha aura mahAvIra kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha haA hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM kI carcA saMkSepa meM kI gayI hai / tIrthaMkaroM ke sandarbha meM mukhyataH paMcakalyANakoM (cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kaivalya aura nirvANa ) evaM RSabhanAtha, pArzvanAtha, neminAtha aura mahAvIra ke sandarbha meM unake jIvana kI kucha anya viziSTa ghaTanAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai| RSabhanAtha ke prasaMga meM bharata aura bAhubalI ke yuddha, bAhabalI kI kaThina sAdhanA aura kaivalya prApti tathA kAlAntara meM bharata cakravartI ke saMsAra tyAgane, neminAtha ke sandarbha meM kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA meM nemi ke zaurya pradarzana tathA pijar3e meM banda vibhinna pazuoM kI bhoja ke nimitta kI jAne vAlI hatyA kI sUcanA ke phalasvarUpa neminAtha ke avivAhita rUpa meM saMsAra tyAgane evaM pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA ke samaya pUrvajanma ke bairI kamaTha (zaMbara) dvArA upasthita upasargoM aura mahAvIra kI tapazcaryA ke samaya saMgamadeva, zUlapANi yakSa Adi ke upasargoM se sambandhita ullekha kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSataH mahatvapUrNa haiN| uttara bhArata meM RSabhanAtha ko sarvAdhika svatantra matiyA~ bnoN| RSabhanAtha ke bAda kramazaH pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra aura neminAtha kI mUrtiyA~ banIM / kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM pArzvanAtha ko sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa huI / dakSiNa bhArata meM pArzvanAtha kI tulanA meM RSabhanAtha ko mUrtiyA~ nagaNya haiN| RSabhanAtha se sambandhita svatantra AdipurANa kI racanA kI pRSThabhUmi meM elorA meM RSabhanAtha kI kevala pA~ca mUrtiyoM kA milanA sarvathA Azcaryajanaka hai| dUsaroM ora pArzvanAtha kI elorA meM 30 se adhika svatantra mUrtiyA~ ukerI gayI haiM jo pArzva ko vizeSa pratiSThA kI sUcaka haiN| elorA meM pArzvanAtha ke bAda mahAvora kI sarvAdhika mUrtiyAM haiM jinake kula 12 udAharaNa mile haiN| pArzvanAtha, mahAvora aura RSabhanAtha ke atirikta ajitanAtha, supArzvanAtha aura neminAtha kI bhI eka se tona mUrtiyAM dekhI jA sakatI haiN| kubhAriyA aura delavAr3A ke zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM (11voM-13vIM zatI I0 ) meM bharata aura bAhubalI ke yuddha evaM bAhubalI kI kaThina tapazcaryA, neminAtha ke kRSNa kI AyudhazAlA meM zaurya pradarzana evaM vivAha ke pUrva dIkSA grahaNa karane tathA pArzvanAtha
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________________ 258: jena mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana evaM mahAvIra ke vibhinna upasargoM se sambandhita aMkana vistAra se utkIrNa haiN| dUsarI ora digambara sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana dazyoM kA vistRta aMkana nahIM huA hai| elorA kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM kevala pAzvanAtha ke sAtha zaMbara dvArA upasthita kiye gae vibhinna upasargoM kA hI vistRta akana milatA hai| mahAvIra ke sAtha pAramparika yakSa-yakSI mAtaMga va saddhAyikA ke sthAna para neminAtha ke yakSa-yakSI kubera ( yA sarvAnubhUti ) aura ambikA nirUpita haiM jo spaSTataH pazcima-bhArata ke zvetAmbara mUrti paramparA kA prabhAva hai jahA~ lagabhaga sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSa-yakSI ke rUpa meM kubera aura ambikA hI AmUrtita haiN| . - uttarapurANa meM neminAtha ke sAtha sarpaphaNoM ke chatra vAle haladhara balarAma aura cakra, zaMkha tathA gadAdhArI vAsudeva kRSNa kA ullekha huA hai / tadnurUpa mathurA va devagar3ha kI digambara paramparA kI kucha neminAtha mUrtiyoM meM donoM pAvoM meM balarAma va kRSNa kI AkRtiyA~ ukerI haiN| elorA evaM navIM-10vIM zatI I0 kI digambara paramparA kI anyatra kI tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM mahApurANa ke ullekha ke anurUpa siMhAsana, prabhAmaNDala, trichatra, caitya-vRkSa (yA azoka vRkSa), devadundubhi,surapuSpavRSTi, divya dhvani, cAmaradhArI sevaka jaise aSTa-prAtihAryoM ko dikhAyA gayA hai / AdipurANa meM tIrthaMkara mUrtiyoM meM dikhAye jAne vAle aSTa-prAtihAryoM kA sarvAdhika vistAra meM ullekha huA hai|' isa sandarbha meM elorA kI pArzvanAtha kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM kisI bhI prAtihArya kA na dikhAyA jAnA na kevala zilpI kI sUjha varana uttarapUrANa ke vivaraNoM ke sarvathA anurUpa hai| pArzvanAtha kI dhyAnastha mUrtiyoM meM prAtihAryoM kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai kyoki dhyAnastha mUrtiyA~ unake tIrthaMkara pada prApta karane ke uparAnta kI sthiti ko abhivyakta karatI haiN| dUsarI ora elorA kI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM meM pArzvanAtha ko tapasyA meM taraha-taraha ke upasargoM kA prasaMga dikhAyA gayA hai / zaMbara ke ye upasarga spaSTataH kaivalya prApti ke pUrva ke pArzvanAtha ke aMkana haiN| isI kAraNa upasarga se sambandhita pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM aSTa-prAtihAryoM ko nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa sandarbha meM eka aura ullekhanIya bAta elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM pArzvanAtha kI zaMbara ke upasargoM ko zilpAMkita karane vAlI kAyotsarga mUrtiyoM ke eka niyata sthAna para utkIrNana se sambandhita hai| pArzvanAtha kI sabhI upasarga matiyA~ kaThina tapazcaryA meM lIna bAhabalI kI mUrti ke sAmane utkIrNa haiM / smaraNIya hai ki pArzva jahA~ zaMbara ke vibhinna upasargoM ko zAMtabhAva
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________________ upasaMhAra : 259 se vicalita hue binA sahate rahe vahIM bAhubalI bhI sAdhanA meM isa sImA taka tallIna hue ki zarIra se lipaTI mAdhavI aura sarpa, vRzcika jaise jaMtu se sarvathA aprabhAvita aura dhyAnamagna rhe| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekhya hai ki rASTrakUTa zilpI ne pArzvanAtha kI upasarga aura bAhubalI kI sAdhanArata mUrtiyoM ke Amane-sAmane utkIrNana kI paramparA ko mUlataH pUrvavartI cAlukya kalA se prApta kiyA thA jisake udAharaNa bAdAmI kI guphA saM0 4 aura ayahola kI jaina guphA meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| yaha bAta rASTrakUTa kalA para cAlukya kalA ke prabhAva kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina sthaloM para anya zalAkApuruSoM meM se kevala bharata cakravartI, rAma, balarAma evaM kRSNa hI rUpAyita hue haiN| AdipurANa meM bharata cakravartI ke caudaha ratnoM-cakra, daNDa, khaDga, chatra, carma, maNi, kAkiNI ( kaur3I), azva, gaja, senApati, gRhapati, zilpI aura strI tathA 9 nidhiyoMnaiyasarpa, pANDuka, piMgala, sarvaratna, mahApadma, kAla, mahAkAla, mANava, tathA zaMkha kA ullekha bharata ke zilpAMkana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi elorA meM bharata yA kisI anya cakavartI aura balarAma, kRSNa evaM rAma kI mUrti ke koI udAharaNa nahIM milate kintu devagar3ha, khajurAho aura delavAr3A sthita vimalavasahI va lUNavasahI se inakI mUrtiyA~ milI haiM / devagar3ha ke maMdira saM0 2 ora 12 (cahAradivAro) ko 10vIM-11voM zatI I0 kI mUrtiyoM meM bharata cakravartI kI kAyotsarga meM khar3I AkRti ke samIpa AdipurANa meM varNita 14 ratnoM meM se kucha mukhya ratnoM evaM 9 ghaToM ke rUpa meM 9 nidhiyoM ko utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| AdipurANa meM bharata ke saMsAra tyAgane, dIkSA grahaNa karane aura kaThina sAdhanA dvArA kaivalya prApta karane kA ullekha huA hai jisake AdhAra para hI devagar3ha meM bharata kI kAyotsarga meM nirvastra khar3I mUrti utkIrNa huii| uttarapurANa meM rAma, balarAma aura kRSNa ke ullekha kA mahattva khajurAho evaM devagar3ha jaise sthaloM para hanumAna sahita rAma-sItA (pArzvanAtha maMdira, khajurAho), balarAma-revatI va yamalArjuna (pArzvanAtha maMdira, khajurAho) evaM neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM balarAma ora kRSNa ke aMkana ( devagar3ha, gathurA ) meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yaha sarvathA Azcaryajanaka hai ki mahApurANa meM yakSa-yakSI kA koI ullekha nahIM huA hai| kevala mahApurANa hI nahIM varan digambara paramparA ke anya purANoM meM bhI yakSa-yakSI kA anullekha dhyAtavya hai| dUsarI ora
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________________ 260 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana zvetAmbara paramparA ke 63 zalAkApuruSoM se sambandhita caritagranthoM meM yakSa-yakSI yugaloM ke pratimAnirUpaNa se sambandhita vivaraNa milate haiM jinameM hemacandrakRta-trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra sarvapramakha hai| la0 AThavIM zatI I0 ke pUrvavartI digambara grantha tiloyapaNNatti ( yativRSabhakRta ) meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSI yugaloM kI sUcI kA milanA isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya hai| tiloyapaNNatti kI sUcI tathA mathurA, rAjagira, elorA, khajurAho evaM devagar3ha jaise navIM-10vIM zatI I0 ke digambara purAsthaloM para yakSiyoM kI svataMtra evaM jina-saMyukta mUrtiyoM ke utkIrNana kI paraMparA ke bAda bhI mahApurANa meM yakSa-yakSI kA koI ullekha na kiyA jAnA sambhavataH mahApurANa ke kartA jinasena evaM guNabhadra jaise AcAryoM ke vyaktigata dRSTi ko abhivyakta karatA hai| yaha sarvathA nirvivAda hai ki vItarAgI jinoM kI upAsanA se kisI bhautika samRddhi kI prApti saMbhava nahIM thI jabaki sAmAnya upAsaka varga aisI bhautika upalabdhiyoM kA AkAMkSI hotA hai| sAmAnya upAsaka vargoM kI apekSA ko pUrNa karane ke uddezya se hI pratyeka jina ke sAtha eka yakSa aura eka yakSI ko zAsanadevatA ke rUpa meM sambaddha kiyA gyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina mahApurANa ke kartA isa prakAra ke madhyamamArgI tuSTIkaraNa kI nIti ke samarthaka nahIM the / ataH jaina mahApurANa meM yakSa-yakSI kA nAma anullekha racanAkAroM ke vyaktigata dRSTikoNa kA sUcaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| __ elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM jaina devakula kI tIna pramukha yakSiyoM cakrezvarI, aMbikA evaM padmAvato tathA kubera yakSa kI svataMtra evaM jinasaMyukta mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / cakrezvarI kI cAra, ATha aura bAraha hAthoM vAlI kula cAra mUrtiyA~ guphA saM0 30 aura 32 meM ukerI haiN| inameM paramparAnurUpa garuDavAhanA cakrezvarI ke do yA adhika hAthoM meM cakra tathA zeSa meM zaMkha, padma, gadA aura vajra jaise Ayudha haiN| sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ aMbikA kI banIM jinameM aMbikA sarvadA dvibhujA evaM digambara paramparA ke anurUpa siMhavAhanA tathA eka hAtha meM Amralumbi va dUsare meM putra ke sAtha nirUpita haiN| pArzvanAtha kI padmAvatI yakSI kI kevala eka svataMtra mUrti milI hai jo guphA saM0 32 meM hai| kukkuTa-sarpa vAhana vAlI aSTabhujA yakSI ke avaziSTa karoM meM padma, mUsala, khaDga, kheTaka va dhanuSa spaSTa haiM / aMbikA ke samAna hI elorA meM kubera yA sarvAnubhUti kI bhI sarvAdhika mUrtiyA~ haiM jinameM zvetAmbara sthaloM kI bhA~ti gajArUr3ha yakSa ko dvibhuja evaM pAtra ( yA phala ) evaM dhana ke thaile se yukta dikhAyA gayA hai|
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________________ upasaMhAra : 261 paumacariya evaM harivaMzapurANa jaise pUrvavartI granthoM ke samAna hI uttarapurANa meM bhI vidyAdeviyoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiM / uttarapurANa meM kaI alaga-alaga prasaMgoM meM lagabhaga 50 vidyAdeviyoM kA nAmollekha huA hai jinameM adhikAMza rAma, lakSmaNa, rAvaNa, sugrIva va hanumAna dvArA siddhiyA~ prApta haiM / la0 10vIM zatI I0 ( saMhitAsAra evaM zobhanastuti ) meM aneka vidyAoM meM se 16 pramukha mahAvidyAoM ko lekara eka sUcI niyata huI jisameM uttarapurANa meM ullikhita rohiNI, prajJapti garuDavAhinI ( apraticakrA), siMhavAhinI ( mahAmAnasI ), mahAjvAlA, gaurI, manovegA jaisI mahAvidyAoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA / digambara sthaloM para khajurAho ke AdinAtha jaina maMdira ke ekamAtra apavAda ke atirikta mahAvidyAoM kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM banIM jabaki gujarAta va rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara sthaloM para ina mahAvidyAoM kA aMkana sarvAdhika lokapriya thA jisake sAmUhika aMkana ke kama se kama cAra udAharaNa kramazaH kuMbhAriyA ke zAMtinAtha maMdira evaM delavAr3A sthita vimalavasahI ( do udAharaNa raM maNDapa evaM devakulikA vitAna ) aura lUNavasahI ( raMgamaNDapa ) se mile haiN| elorA meM mahAvidyA kI koI mUrti nahI milI hai / pUrvaparamparA meM varNita devatAoM ke cAra vargoM - bhavanavAsI, vyantara yA vANamantara, jyotiSka evaM vaimAnika kA mahApurANa meM bhI ullekha huA hai| devatAoM ke caturvarga kI sUcI se spaSTa hai ki lokapUjana se sambandhita yakSa, nAga tathA gandharva-kinnara jaise ardhadevoM ko bhI jaina devakula meM sammAnajanaka sthAna diyA gyaa| sAtha hI khajurAho, devagar3ha, kuMbhAriyA, delavAr3A aura elorA jaise sthaloM para yakSoM, nAgoM, gaMdharvoM, kinnaroM Adi kA bahutAyata se aMkana huA hai / mahApurANa meM zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi tathA lakSmI jaisI brAhmaNa evaM lokaparamparA kI deviyoM ko pramukha vyantara deviyoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai aura inheM jina mAtAoM kI vibhinna prakAra se sevA karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai / pUrva granthoM kI bhA~ti mahApurANa meM bhI indra kA jinoM ke pradhAna sevaka ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai jo jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM evaM samavasaraNa kI racanA ke samaya svayaM upasthita hote haiM / jJAtavya hai ki jinoM ke samavasaraNa meM indra hI zAsanadevatA ke rUpa meM unake yakSa aura yakSI kI niyukti karate haiM / indra ko devAdhipati, sahasrAkSa, gajArUr3ha evaM vajradhArI nirupita kiyA gayA hai / 3 AdipurANa meM nAmollekha kiye binA 32 indroM kA ullekha huA hai / AdipurANa meM RSabhadeva ke janma ke avasara para indra
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________________ 262 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke nRtya evaM nATaka karane kA ullekha elorA kI guphA saM0 30 kI indra kI dazabhujI nRtyarata mUrti ke sandarbha meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke janmakalyANaka evaM anya avasaroM para indra kI upasthiti kuMbhAriyA evaM delavAr3A ke mUrta udAharaNoM meM anekazaH dekhI jA sakatI hai| sAtha hI sabhI jaina maMdiroM para brAhmaNa maMdiroM kI bhAMti gajavAhana vAle indra ko dikpAla rUpa meM vajra evaM aMkuza sahita nirupita kiyA gayA hai| ___mahApurANa meM nArada, kAmadeva, vAmana, lakSmI, sarasvatI, dikkumAriyoM evaM nAgadevoM ke bhI ullekha haiN| elorA kI jaina guphAoM meM lakSmI aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM nAgarAja dharaNendra ke zilpAMkana ke atirikta ikSudhanu aura puSpazara se yukta kAmadeva kI bhI eka mUrti milI hai| AdipurANa meM RSabhanAtha ke putroM-bharata evaM bAhabalI ke yuddha aura bAhubalI kI kaThina tapazcaryA kA bhI ullekha huA hai jo elorA ke jaina guphAoM kI bAhubalo mUrtiyoM kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / elorA meM pArzvanAtha ke bAda sarvAdhika svataMtra mUrtiyA~ ( la0 20 ) bAhubalI kI hI banIM jinameM AdipurANa ke vivaraNa ke anurUpa bAhubalI ko kAyotsarga meM tapazcaryA meM tallIna aura zarIra se lipaTI latA-vallariyoM evaM samIpa ho nizcinta bhAva se vicaraNa karate sarpa evaM mRga Adi vanya jIva jantuoM kI AkRtiyoM sahita dikhAyA gayA hai jo bAhubalI kI gahana sAdhanA kA sUcaka hai| AdipurANa meM samavasaraNa kI parikalpanA ke samAna hI gaja evaM siMha tathA mayUra-sarpa jaise paraspara zatrubhAva vAle vanya jIva-jantu ko bAhubalo ke samIpa nizcinta bhAva se sthita batAyA gayA hai| siMhanI dvArA mahiSa ke zizu ko apane zizu ke samAna stanapAna karAne kA ullekha bhI dhyAtavya hai / " AdipurANa meM bAhubalI ke pAvoM meM unakI bahanoM brAhmI evaM sundaro ke sthAna para do vidyAdhariyoM kA ullekha huA hai jinhoMne sAdhanArata bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI mAdhavI ko haTAyA thaa| AdipurANa ke uparyukta varNana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI elorA kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM donoM pAzryoM meM do vidyAriyoM ko bAhubalI ke zarIra se lipaTI latA-vallariyoM ko haTAte hue darazAyA gayA hai| AdipurANa ko isa paramparA kA pAlana devagar3ha, khajurAho, vilaharI tathA kaI anya digambara sthaloM kI 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I0 kI bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM bhI huA hai|
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________________ upasaMhAra : 263 sAtaveM adhyAya meM mahApurANa meM varNita sthApatyagata sAmagrI kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai jisake antargata jina maMdiroM, samavasaraNa, rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavanoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| AdipurANa meM jaina maMdira ke lie siddhAyatana yA caityAlaya zabda prayukta huA hai aura eka sthala para caityavRkSa ke samIpa jaina maMdira ke sthita hone kA bhI sandarbha AyA hai| U~ce maNimaya zikharoM se yukta jinendradeva ( AdinAtha ) ke caityAlaya meM aneka stambhoM evaM zikharoM tathA samIpavartI sarovaroM kA sandarbha navIM-10vIM zatI I0 ke jaina maMdiroM kI avadhAraNA ke anurUpa hai| aneka zikharoM kA saMketa saMbhavataH aMgazikharoM se saMbaMdhita hai| AdipurANa meM jaina maMdiroM ko nRtya va saMgIta kI prastuti kA sthala bhI batAyA gayA hai jo tatkAlIna maMdiroM meM raMgamaNDapa yA sabhAmaNDapa kI avadhAraNA ko vyakta karatA hai| ___ mahApurANa meM jina samavasaraNa kA bhI vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai| samavasaraNa vaha devanirmita sabhA hai jahA~ kevalajJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt pratyeka jina apanA prathama dharmopadeza dete haiM aura samasta deva, mAnava evaM pazu yAnI carAcara jagata ApasI kaTutA bhUlakara jinopadeza kA zravaNa karate haiN| tIna prAcIroM tathA pratyeka prAcIra meM cAra pravezadvAroM vAle bhavya samavasaraNa meM sabameM Upara jina ( pUrvAbhimukha ) virAja mana hote haiM / aneka gopura dvAroM, toraNoM tathA unapara 108 maMgaladravyoM ( kalaza, darpaNa Adi) evaM navanidhiyoM se yukta samavasaraNa atyanta alaMkRta bhavana hote the| vIthikA, mahAvIthikA, koTa, dhUlizAla, nATyazAlA, dhvajabhUmi, caityavRkSa, stUpa, zrImaNDapa, gandhakUTI, alaMkRta gopara dvAroM evaM toraNoM se yukta samavasaraNa sabhA na kevala dhArmika mahattva kA varana jaina sthApatya kA bhI eka utkRSTa evaM abhinava udAharaNa hai jisameM bauddha sthApatya se sambandhita zabdoM kI pradhAnatA jJAtavya hai / samavasaraNoM ke mUrta udAharaNa mukhyataH zvetAmbara sthaloM se hI mile haiN| 11vIM se 13vIM zatI I0 ke madhya ke ye udAharaNa kuMbhAriyA ( mahAvIra evaM zAMtinAtha maMdira ), vimalavasahI, lUNavasahI evaM kaimbe se mile haiN| rAjaprAsAda evaM sAmAnya bhavanoM ke sandarbha meM unake vibhinna pracalita svarUpoM evaM vibhAjana, vizeSataH bhavanoM ke pramukha aMgoM ke rUpa meM dvAra, stambha, gavAkSa, maNDapa, snAnAgAra, nRtyazAlA, bhaNDAragRha ( AdipurANa 37.149-152) ke ullekha mahattvapUrNa aura unake upayogitAvAdI dRSTi ko ujAgara karate haiN| AdipurANa tathA anya pramukha zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM meM
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________________ 264 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana RSabhanAtha dvArA dI gayI vibhinna zikSAoM ke sandarbha meM zilpakalA kI zikSA kA ullekha jainadharma meM zilpa kI pratiSThA kA sUcaka hai / mahApurANa meM sAMskRtika jIvana ke vividha pakSoM yathA zRMgAra, nRtya, gAyana-vAdana, vastra evaM dainika upayoga kI sAmagriyoM kA vistRta ullekha bhautika jIvana ke prati sArthaka anurAga aura jJAna donoM ko prakaTa karatA hai / uttarapurANa meM kulavatI nAriyoM dvArA alaMkaraNa dhAraNa karane kA ullekha hai jabaki vidhavA striyA~ inakA parityAga kara detI thIM / AbhUSaNoM se sajjita hone ke lie 'alaMkaraNagRha' evaM 'zrIgRha' kA ullekha AyA hai / pUrvavartI grantha tiloyapaNNatta kI bhA~ti mahApurANa meM bhI bhogabhUmi kAla meM bhUSaNAMga tathA mAlAMga jAti ke aise vRkSoM kA ullekha huA hai jo kramazaH nUpura, bAjUbandha, rucika, aMgada mekhalA, hAra va mukuTa tathA vividha RtuoM ke puSpoM se banI mAlAe~ evaM karNaphUla Adi pradAna karate the / 10 AdipurANa kI yaha avadhAraNA spaSTataH bhAratIya paramparA kI pUrvavartI kalpavRkSa kI parikalpanA tathA zuMga - kuSANakAlIna ( sA~co, mathurA) aise kalpavRkSoM ke zilpAMkana se prabhAvita hai jinameM vividha prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM aura vastroM ko kalpavRkSa se laTakate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / mahApurANa meM zirobhUSaNa, karNAbhUSaNa, kaNThAbhUSaNa, hAra, karAbhUSaNa, kaTiAbhUSaNa, pAdAbhUSaNa, prasAdhana evaM kezasajjA Adi ke vividha prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai jisameM pUrvavartI paramparA meM varNita AbhUSaNoM evaM prasAdhana sAmagriyoM kI anekazaH carcA 9vIM 10vIM zatI I0 meM pUrvavartI AbhUSaNoM evaM prasAdhana sAmagriyoM kI lokapriyatA kA saMketa detA hai / isa dRSTi se AdipurANa meM varNita hAra ke 11 bhedoM kA kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM pUrva ullekha vizeSa mahattpUrNa hai / AdipurANa meM vizeSa avasaroM para vizeSa prakAra kI vezabhUSA kA sandarbha na kevala vastra ke mahattva varan isa sambandha meM unake surucipUrNa samajha kA bhI sUcaka hai / digambara paramparA meM tIrthaMkara yadyapi nirvastra hote haiM kintu vibhinna deva mAnava AkRtiyoM ko vastroM se sajjita batAyA gayA haiM / elorA kI pArzvanAtha bAhubalI mUrtiyoM meM kramazaH padmAvatI evaM vidyAdhariyoM ke nirUpaNa meM vastrAbhUSaNoM evaM kezasajjA kA vaividhya dhyAtavya hai / sAtha hI kA yakSI, AliMganabaddha strI-puruSa yugaloM evaM cAmaradhArI sevakoM ke aMkana meM bhI vastrAbhUSaNa vividhatApUrNa aura cittAkarSaka haiM /
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________________ upasaMhAra : 265 mahApurANa meM nRtya se sambandhita ullekha vizeSataH mahattvapUrNa haiN| AdipurANa meM natya ke samaya vibhinna veza dhAraNa karane aura kaTAkSa, kapoloM, pairoM, hAthoM, mukha, netroM, aMgarAja, nAbhi, kaTipradeza tathA mekhalAoM dvArA bhAva kA pradarzana karane kA ullekha huA hai / nRtya meM rasa, bhAva, anubhAva evaM ceSTAoM kA honA parama Avazyaka hai| AdipurANa meM nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAoM ke sandarbha meM manda-manda muskAna se dekhate hae bhauhoM ke saMcAlana, stana kampana, manthara gati, sthUla nitamba ke vibhinna mudrAoM meM pradarzana, bhujAoM ke saMcAlana, kaTi hilAne, zarIra ke nAbhi Adi avayavoM ke pradarzana, pRthvI tala chor3a kara nRtya karane, nRtya kI vibhinna mudrAoM ke zIghratA se parivartana, nRtya dvArA keza-pAza pradarzana, spandana, gAyana ke sAtha, kaTAkSa evaM hAva-bhAva ke sAtha, puSpa evaM svarNa ke dhaToM ko sira va paira para rakhakara, netroM dvArA, vibhinna rUpa dhAraNa karake evaM eka bhujA para nartakI tathA dUsare para nartaka ko nRtya karAte hue svayaM natya karane ke aneka udAharaNa upalabdha haiN| nRtya ke sAtha vINA, pUSkara, bA~surI, jhA~jha, nagAr3e, dundubhi, jhallarI, kAhala, tAla, mRdaMga, paNava, dardura tathA vipaMcI Adi vAdyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| elorA kI jaina gaphA saM0 30 meM ziva kI naTeza mUrtiyoM ke samAna kucha nRtyarata mUrtiyA~ bhI banI hai| eka udAharaNa meM do puruSa AkRtiyoM ko ziva AkRti ke samAna eka paira uThAkara atyanta gatizIla rUpa meM nRtyarata dikhAyA gayA hai / ye nRtya mukhyataH vibhinna apsarAoM ( nIlAMjanA) evaM indra dvArA kiye gaye the| jaina purANoM meM ziva ke sthAna para indra dvArA vibhinna nalyoM kA kiyA jAnA dhyAtavya hai| kaI nRtya loka zailI ke nRtya pratIta hote haiN| pAva-TippaNI 1. AdipurANa 23.25-73; uttarapurANa 54.231; 59.44-47 / 2. AdipurANa 37.73-74, 83-84 / 3. AdipurANa 12.69-76, 85; 13.47; 14.20; 22.18-22 / 4. AdipurANa 23.163 / 5. AdipurANa 36.164-76 / 6. AdipurANa 36. 183 /
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________________ 266 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 7. AdipurANa 6.980-88; 5.185; 7.271-75; uttarapurANa 75.403, 407-408 / 8. AdipurANa 4.77; 16.197; 22.93-146 / 9. AdipurANa 33.73 // 10. AdipurANa 9.41-42 /
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________________ pariziSTa jaina mahApurANa pothIcitra prastuta pustaka meM jaina mahApurANa ke pothIcitroM kA saMkSipta adhyayana bhI apekSita hai / ina pothIcitroM kA vibhinna paurANika viSayoM ke citraNa ke sAtha ho tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana evaM citra zailI ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se mI mahattva rahA hai / citrakalA ke vikAsa meM jaina zailI kA kucha nijatva rahA hai jise pazcima bhAratIya yA apabhraMza zailI kahA gayA hai / hameM mukhya rUpa se kalpasUtra, kAlakAcAryakathA, mahApurANa, triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, uttarAdhyayanasUtra, neminAthacaritra, kathAratnasAgara jaise mahattvapUrNa jaina granthoM kI sacitra pratiyA~ vibhinna kSetroM se milI haiM jinakA adhyayana rAmakRSNa dAsa', motIcandra, DablyU0 ena0 brAuna, sarayU dozI, Dagalasa baireTa' prabhRti vidvAnoM ne kiyA hai / mahApurANa ke atirikta anya sabhI jaina pothIcitra zvetAmbara paramparA se sambandhita haiM / isa dRSTi se digambara paramparA ke mahApurANa ke pothIcitroM kA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha jAtA hai| jaina mahApurANa ke pothIcitra kA vistRta adhyayana mukhyataH sarayU doSI dvArA kiyA gayA hai jinameM kevala AdipurANa se sambandhita viSaya hI citrita haiM / AdipurANa aura mahApurANa ke pothIcitra 1440 I0, 1450-75 I0 tathA 1540 I0 ke haiM / ina pothIcitroM meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa dillI ke samIpavartI pAlama kA 1540 I0 kA mahApurANa zIrSaka pothIcitra hai jo humAyU~ para zerazAha ke vijayavarSa ( 1540 I0 ) meM banA aura vartamAna meM jayapura ke bar3e dIvAnajI digambara mandira meM surakSita hai / 16vIM zatI I0 kI citrazailI ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hone ke sAtha hI AdipurANa ke vibhinna kathA prasaMgoM ke vistRta citrAMkana aura tatkAlIna sAmAnya jana-jIvana evaM kAvyAtmaka alaMkAroM Adi ke aMkana kI dRSTi se bhI yaha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / caura-paMcAzikA zailI meM bane mahApurANa ke citroM ko sAmAnyatayA vidvAnoM ne dillI-gvAliyara kSetra meM banA svIkAra kiyA hai jisameM citrakalA kI pazcima bhAratIya athavA apabhraMza zailI dekhI jA sakatI hai /
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________________ 268 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mahApurANa ke citroM meM sarvaprathama mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama gaNadhara ke samIpa zreNika ke Ane aura unase mahApurANa kI kathA sunAne kA Agraha karane kA citrAMkana huA hai| ina citroM meM RSabhanAtha ke mAtApitA nAbhirAja evaM marudevI ko vArtAlApa kI mudrA meM, zayyA para leTI huyI marudevI tathA RSabha janma ke pUrva marudevI dvArA dekhe gaye 16 mAMgalika svapnoM kA aMkana bhI huA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mAMgalika svapnoM ke krama ko citroM meM parivartita kara diyA gayA hai aura caturbhujA lakSmI ke gajoM dvArA abhiSikta hone kA aMkana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| padmAsIna devI ke do hAthoM meM padma va do meM kalaza haiN| nAgendra bhavana ko nAgadvaya kI upasthiti dvArA darzAyA gayA hai| agale citroM meM marudevI ko nAbhirAja se svapnoM kA phala pUchate, RSabhajanma, indra ke indrANI sahita pRthvI para RSabha ke janmakalyANaka hetu Agamana, sumeruparvata para RSabha ke janmakalyANaka, dIkSA ke pUrva RSabha dvArA keza laMcana evaM indra dvArA usakA saMcaya ( keza laMcana ke samaya RSabha nirvastra), RSabha kI kAyotsarga meM tapazcaryA, kaivalya prApti ke bAda RSabha ke dharmopadeza Adi kA citrAMkana mahattvapUrNa hai| __ RSabha ke jIvana se sambandhita citroM ke pazcAt bharata ke prasaMga ko hI sarvAdhika vistAra ke sAtha citrita kiyA gayA hai| isameM kaI alagaalaga citroM meM bharata ke digvijaya ko vistArapUrvaka dikhAyA gayA hai jinameM vibhinna zAsakoM ke sAtha ho unake anujoM ko bhI bharata kI adhInatA svIkAra karate darazAyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt dIkSA ke anantara bharata ko muniveSa meM dikhAyA gayA hai| eka citra meM bharata ke samakSa cakraratna ke prakaTa hone tathA bharata aura bAhubalI ke bIca jala evaM mallayuddha kA sundara aMkana huA hai| paralI (savAcazma) A~khoM vAlI ina AkRtiyoM meM bAhubalI kRSNa varNa haiM jinheM eka citra meM bharata ko donoM hAthoM se sira ke Upara uThAye aura bhUmi para paTakane kI mudrA meM dikhAyA gayA hai| isa dRzya meM apanI Asanna parAjaya se bhayabhIta bharata dvArA calAye gaye cakra ko bAhubalI kI ora Ate hue bhI utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai / ina citroM meM kucha anya upakathA prasaMgoM ko bhI citrita kiyA gayA hai / ye citra 16vIM zatI I0 meM AdipurANa kI vizeSa lokapriyatA tathA usake kucha viziSTa kathA prasaMgoM ( bharata-bAhubalo ) ke mahattva ko prakaTa karate hai / smaraNIya hai ki AdipurANa meM bhI paMcakalyANakoM ke bAda bharata aura bAhubalA ke kathA prasaMga kA hI sarvAdhika vistArapUrvaka varNana
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________________ jaina mahApurANa - pothIcitra : 269 huA hai / sAtha hI 11vIM - 12vIM zatI I0 ke delavAr3A sthita vimalavasahI evaM kuMbhAriyA sthita zAMtinAtha evaM mahAvIra maMdiroM ke vitAnoM para ina dRzyoM ke vistRta zilpAMkana kI pUrva paramparA bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai / pAda-TippaNI 1. rAya kRSNadAsa, bhArata kI citrakalA, ilAhAbAda 1974 | 2. motIcandra, jaina minIyecara penTiMgsa phraoNma vesTarna iNDiyA, ahamadAbAda 1949 / 3. DablyU 0 ena0 brAuna, e DiskripTiva aiNDa ilasTreTeDa kaiTalaoNga oNpha minIyecara penTigsa oNpha di jaina kalpasUtra, vAziMgaTana 1934 / 4. sarayU dozI, di Aikononika aiNDa di naireTiva ina jaina penTiMga ( monogrApha ), mArga, khaNDa 36, aMka 3 / 5. Dagalasa bairaTa evaM basIla gre, iNDiyana penTiMga, nyUyArka 1918 / 6. sarayU doSI, pU0 mi0, pR0 55-72 /
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________________ sandarbha-sUcI (ka) mUla grantha aMgavijjA-saM0 munipuNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad 1, banArasa 1957 / aparAjitapRcchA-(bhuvanadevakRta ), saM0 popaTabhAI aMbAzaMkara mAMkaDa, gAyakavAr3a ___oriyaNTala sirIja, khaNDa 115, bar3audA 1950 / abhidhAnacintAmaNi-( hemacaMdrakRta ), saM0 haragovinda dAsa becaradAsa tathA muni jina vijaya, bhAvanagara, bhAga 1, 1914; bhAga 2, 1919 / AcAradinakara-( vardhamAnasUrikRta ), bhAga 2, baMbaI 1923 / AdipugaNa-( jinasenakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrti devI jaina __ granthamAlA, saMskRta grantha saMkhyA 8, vArANasI 1963 / / uttarapurANa-( guNabhadrakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1954 / kalpasUtra-(bhadrabAhukRta ), anu0 eca0 jaikobI, saikraDa buksa oNva di IsTa, khaNDa 22, bhAga 1 ( AksaphorDa 1884), dillI 1973 ( pu0 mu0); saM0 devendra muni zAstrI, zivAna 1968 / kumArapAlacarita-( jayasiMhasUrikRta ), nirNaya sAgara presa, baMbaI 1926 caturviMzatikA-( bappabhaTTimarikRta ), anu0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA, baMbaI 1926 / jainastotrasandoha-saM0 amara vijaya muni, khaNDa 1, ahamadAbAda 1932 / tiloyapaNNatti-( yativRSabhakRta ), saM0 AdinAtha upAdhye tathA hIrAlAla jaina, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 1, zolApura 1943 / triSaSTizalAkA nuruSacaritra-( hemacandrakRta ), anu0 helena ema0 jAnasana, gAyaka vAr3a oriyaNTala sirIja, bar3audA, khaNDa 1 (1931), khaNDa 2 (1937), khaNDa 3 (1949), khaNDa 4 (1954), khaNDa 5 (1962), khaNDa 6 (1962) / devatAmUrtiprakaraNa tathA rupamaNDana-(sUtradhAra maNDanakRta), saMskRta granthamAlA, 12, __ kalakattA 1986 / nAyAdhammakahAo-saM0 ena0 bI0 vaidya, pUnA 1940 / / nirvANakalikA-(pAdaliptasUrikRta ), saM0 mohanalAla bhagavAnadAsa, muni zrImohanalAlajI jaina granthamAlA 5, baMbaI 1926 /
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________________ sandarbha-sUcI : 271 paumacariya - (vimalasUrikRta ), bhAga 1, saM0 eca0 jaikobI, anu0 zAMtilAla ema0 vorA, prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI sirIja 6, vArANasI 1962 padmapurANa - ( raviSeNakRta ), bhAga 1, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 20, vArANasI 1958 / padmAnandamahAkAvya yA caturviMzati jinacaritra - ( amaracandrasUrikRta ), pANDulipi, lAla bhAI dalapana bhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda | pArzvanAthacaritra - ( bhavadevasUrikRta ), saM0 haragovindadAsa tathA becara dAsa, vArANasI 1911 / pratiSThAtilakam - ( nemicaMdrakRta ), zolApura / pratiSThAsArasaMgraha - ( vasunandikRta ), pANDulipi, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda ( mArutinandana tivArI ke jaina pratimAvijJAna se uddhRta ) / pratiSThAsArodvAra -- ( AzAdharakUna ), saM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, baMbaI 1917 ( vi0 saM0 1974 ) prabandhacintAmaNi - ( merutu gakRta ), bhAga 1, saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA 1, zAntiniketana (baMgAla), 1933 / prabhAvakacarita - ( prabhAcaMdrakRta ), saM0 jinavijaya muni, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA 13, kalakattA 1940 / pravacanasAroddhAra - ( nemicaMdrasUrikRta), siddhasenasUri kI TIkA sahita, anu0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja, devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMkhyA 58, baMbaI 1928 / bRhatsaMhitA - ( varAhamihirakRta ), sarasvatI presa, kalakattA 1880, epeNDiksa, DI0 eca0 AI0, kalakattA 1956 ( dvitIya saMskaraNa ), saM0 e0 jhA, vArANasI 1959 / bhagavatosUtra - ( gaNadhara sudharmasvAmIkRta ), saM0 ghevaracaMda bhATiyA, zailAna 1966 / maMtrAdhirAjakalpa - ( sAgaracandasUri kRta ), pANDulipi, lAlabhAI dalapata bhAI bhAratIya saMskRta vidyA dandira, ahamadAbAda ( mArutinandana tivArI ke jaina pratimA vijJAna se uddhRta ) / mallinAtha caritra - ( vinayacaMdrasUrikRta ), saM0 haragovindadAsa tathA becaradAsa; yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA 29, vArANasI / mahApurANa - ( puSpadaMtakRta ), saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mAnikacaMda digaMbara jaina granthamAlA 42, baMbaI 1941 /
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________________ 272 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana mahAbhArata-kriTikala eDIzana, pUnA, pratApacandra rAva (saM0), kalakattA gotA presa, gorakhapura / mAnasAra-pI0 ke0 AcArya, ArkiTekcara oNva mAnasAra, AksaphorDa yUni vapiTI pres| rAmAyaNa-(vAlmokikRta ), nArAyaNa svAmI (saM0), landana 1952-55; vAsudevAcArya (saM0 1902), gItApresa, gorakhapura 1960 / rUpamaNDana-( sUtradhAra maNDanakRta ). saM0 balarAma zrAvAstava, vArANasI vi0 saM0 2021 / vasudevahiNDI-(saMghadAsakRta ), khaNDa 1, saM0 muni zrIpuNyavijaya, AtmAnanda jaina graMthamAlA 80, bhAvanagara 1930 / / vAstuvidyA-( vizvakarmAkRta ), dIpArNava (saM0 prabhAzaMkara oghar3abhAI somapurA, pAlitANA, 1960 ) kA 22vAM adhyAya / viSNudharmottarapurANa-aMgrejI anu0 priyabAlA zAha, bar3audA 1961; sTelA kramariza, kalakattA 1928 / samarAiccakahA-( haribhadramarikRta), saM0 eca0 jaikobI, kalakattA 1926 / samavAyAMgasUtra-anu0 ghAsIlAla jI, rAjakoTa 1962, saM0 kanhaiyAlAla, "dillI 1966 / stuticaturviMzatikA yA zobhana stuti-(zAbhanasUrikRta ), saM0 eca0 Ara0 kApaDiyA, bambaI 1927 / / sthAnAMgasUtra-saM0 ghAsIlAla jo, rAjakoTa 1964 / harivaMzapurANa-(jinasenakRta ), saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI jaina granthamAlA, saMskRta graMthAMka 27, vArANasI 1962 / (kha) sahAyaka grantha evaM lekha-sUco / agravAla, vI0 esa0-(1) bhAratIya kalA, vArANasI 1966 / (2) sTaDIja ina iNDiyana ArTa, vArANasI 1965 / avasthI, rAmAzraya-khajurAho kI deva pratimAyeM, AgarA 1960 / AcArya prasannakumAra-e DikzanarI oNpha hindU ArkiTekcara, ilAhAbAda 1927 upAdhyAya, vAsudeva-prAcIna bhAratIya mUrti vijJAna, vArANasI 1970 / upendra mohana-devatA mUrti prakaraNa aiNDa rupamaNDana, kalakattA 1936, pR0 700 187, 447 / RSabhacandra, ke0-(1) 'jaina purANa sAhitya', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI vAlyUma, bambaI 1968, pR0 71-80 / (2) 'jaina dharma kA prasAra', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI vAlyUma, bambaI 1968, pR0 8-24 /
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________________ sandarbha-sUcI : 273 kajensa, eca-di ArkiTekcarala eNTikviToz2a oNpha vesTarna iNDiyA, landana 1926 / kumArasvAmI, e0 ke0-(1) hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana aiNDa iNDoneziyana ArTa, landana 1927 / (2) inTroDakzana TU iNDiyana ArTa, dillI 1969 / kurezI, muhammada hamIda-lisTa oNva aiMzyeNTa mAnyUmeNTsa ina di prAvinsa A~va bihAra aiNDa ur3osA', AyilaoNjikala sarve Ava iNDiyA, nyU impIriyala sirIja, khaNDa 51, kalakattA 1931 / kramariza, sTelA-(1) iNDiyana skalpacara, kalakattA 1933 / (2) hindU Tempulsa, aMka 1-2, kalakattA 1946 / kRSNadeva-(1) 'di Tempula oNva khajurAho ina senTrala iNDiyA', aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA, aMka 15, 1959, pR0 43.65 / (2) 'Tempulsa oNva nArtha iNDiyA, dillI 1963 / (3) 'mAlAdevI Tempula aiTa gyArasapura', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubilI vAlyama, bambaI 1968, pR0 260-269 / garga, vijaya-e kampareTiva sTaDo oNva uttarapurANa oNva guNabhadra aiNDa rAmacarita mAnasa oNva tulasI (hindI-poeca0 DI0 thIsisa), meraTha vizva vidyAlaya 1973 / giri, kamala-bhAratoya zRMgAra, vArANaso 1987 / guptA, ema0 jI0 tathA zarmA, bI0 ena0--'gandhAvala aura jaina mUrtiyA~', anekAnta, khaNDa 19, aMka 1.2, apraila-jUna 1966, pR0 129-30 / guptA, po0 ela0-di paTanA myUjiyama keTalAga A~va di eNTikviToz2a, paTanA gupte, Ara0 esa0-AikanogrAphI oNva di hindUja, buddhisTsa aiNDa jainsa, ra bambaI 1972 / gupte, Ara0 esa0 tathA mahAjana, bo0 DI0-ajantA, elorA aiNDa auraMgAbAda kensa, bambaI 1962 / ghoSa, amalAnanda ( sampAdaka )-jaina kalA evaM sthApatya (3 khaNDa), bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI 1975 / candA, Ara0 pI0-meDikala iNDiyana skalpacara ina di briTiza myUjiyama, landana 1936 / caudharo, gulAba candra-(1) jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, vArANasI 1973 / (2) poliTikala hisTrI oNva nArdarna iNDiyA phraoNma jaina sorseja, amRtasara 1963 /
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________________ 274 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana jenAsa, I0 tathA abUyya, je0-khajurAho, hega 1960 / jaina, kAmatA prasAda-zAsanadevI ambikA aura unakI mAnyatA kA rahasya', jaina eNTikverI, khaNDa-20, aMka 1, jana 1954, pR0 28-41 / jaina, ke0 sI0-jainijama ina rAjasthAna, zolApura 1963 / jaina, gokulacandra-yaza stilaka kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, amRtasara 1967 / jaina, jyotiprasAda-(1) 'devagar3ha aura usakA kalA vaibhava', jaina eNTikverI, khaNDa-21, aMka 1, jana 1955, pR0 11-12 / (2) 'di jaina sorseja oNva di hisTrI oNva aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA (100 bI0 sI0 e0 DI0 900)', dillI 1964 / (3) 'jenisisa Ava jaina liTrecara aiNDa di sarasvatI mUvameNTa', saMgrahAlaya purAtatva patrikA, aMka 9, jUna 1972, pR0 30-33 / jaina, nIraja-(1) 'patiyAnadAI mandira kI mUrti aura caubIsa jina zAsana deviyAM', anekAnta, varSa 16, aMka 3, agasta 1963, pR0 99-103 / (2) 'atizaya kSetra ahAra', anekAnta, varSa 18, aMka 4, akTUbara 1965, pR0 177-79 / jaina, premacanda-kalcarala sTaDI oNva jaina harivaMzapurANa ( hindI-pIeca0 DI0 thIsisa), sAgara vizvavidyAlaya 1978 / jaina, bAlacandra-(1) 'mahAkozala kA jaina purAtattva', anekAnta, varSa 17, aMka 3, agasta 1966, pR0 204-13 / (2) jaina pratimAvijJAna, jabalapura 1974 / jaina, bhAgacandra-devagar3ha kI jaina kalA, naI dillI 1974 / jaina, rukmiNI-e kalcarala sTaDI oNva harivaMzapurANa ( hindI-pIeca0 DI0 thIsisa ), ravizaMkara vizvavidyAlaya, rAyapura 1973 / jaina, hIrAlAla-(1) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, saM0 mANikacandra, digambara jaina granthamAlA 28, bambaI 1928 / (2) 'jainijma', di sTragala phAra empAyara, saM0 Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra tathA e0 DI0 pusAlakara, bambaI 1960 ( punamudrita ), pR0 427-35 / (3) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, bhopAla 1962 / jainI, je0 ela0-'sama noTsa oNna di digambara jaina AikanogrApho', iNDiyana eNTIkverI, khaNDa 32, disambara 1904, pR0 330-332 /
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________________ jozI, ena0 pI0 - ( 1 ) prAcIna bhAratIya mUrti vijJAna, paTanA 1977 // (2) bhAratIya mUrtizAstra, nAgapura 1979 / jhA, zaktivara - ' hindU DiTIz2a ina di jaina purANAja', DA0 zAtakArI mukarjI phelisiTezana vAlyUma (saM0 bI0 pI0 sinhA Adi ), caukhambhA saMskRta sTaDIja, khaNDa - 69, vArANasI 1969, pR0 458-65 / jhA, siddhanAtha - e kalcarala sTaDo oNpha AdipurANa ( hindI pIeca0 DI0 fee ), kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 1965 / TaoNDa, jemsa- enalsa aigDa eNTikviTIja oNva rAjasthAna, khaNDa - 2, 1957 / landana ThAkura, esa0 Ara0kaiTalAga oNva skalpacarsa ina di ArkiyolaoNjikala myUjiyama, gvAliyara, laskara / De, sudhIna - 'caumukha e simbAlika jaina ArTa', jaina jarnala, khaNDa-6, aMka 1, julAI 1971, 50 27-30 / DhAkI, ema0 e0 - 'sama arlI jaina Tempulsa ina vesTarna iNDiyA', mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya golDena jubalI vAlyUma, bambaI 1968, pR0 290 347 / sandarbha sUcI : 275 tivArI, ema0 ena0 pI0 - ( 1 ) jaina pratimAvijJAna, vArANasI 1981 / (2) elimeNTsa oNpha jaina AikanogrAphI, vArANasI 1983 / (3) khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva khajurAho 1987 (4) ambikA ina jaina ArTa aiNDa liTrecara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI 1989 / (5) 'lAIphasa oNva di jinaz2a aiz2a DipikTeDa ina di ku bhAriyA jaina Tempulsa, prAcI prabhA, bI0 ena0 mukharjI abhinandana granya, naI dillI 1989 / (6) 'imejeja oNba bAhubalI ina elorA', elorA hot - skalpacarsa aiNDa ArkiTekcara ( saM0 ratana parimU ), naI dillI 1988 / dIkSita, esa0 ke0 - e gAiDa Tu di sTeTa myUjiyama dhubelA ( navagAMva ), vindhya pradeza, navagAMva 1956 / deva, esa0, bI0 - hisTrI oNva jaina menijma, pUnA 1956 -- dezapANDe, ema0 ena0 - 'kRSNa lojeNDa ina di jaina kenAnikala liTrecara', jaina eNTikverI, khaNDa - 10, aM0 1, jUna 1944, pR0 25-31 /
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________________ :kalAparaka adhyayana desAI, pI0 vI0-jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA aiNDa sama jaina epigrAphsa, jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA 6, zolApura 1963 / nAhaTA, amaracanda-'bhAratIya vAstuzAstra meM jaina pratimA sambandhI jJAtamya', anekAnta, varSa 20, aMka 5, disambara 1967, pR0 206.15 / / nAhara, pI0 sI0-'jaina inskripzansa', bhAga 1, jaina vividha sAhitya zAstra mAlA 8, kalakattA 1918 / / parimU, ratana-(0) elorA kesa-skalpacarsa aiNDa ArkiTekcara, naI dillI 1988 / purI, bI0 ena0-di hisTrI oNva di gurjara pratihAraja, bambaI 1957 / / pusAlakara, e. Do0-khaNDa 1, di vaidika eja, landana 1950 / khaNDa 2, di eja oNpha impIriyala yUniTI, bambaI 1951 / khaNDa 3, di klAsikala eja, bambaI 1954 / khaNDa 4, di eja oNva impIriyala kannauja, vambaI 1955 / khaNDa 5, di sTragala phaoNra empAyara, bambaI 1957 / pramodavandra-sTona skalpacara ina di ilAhAbAda myUjiyama, pUnA 1970 / prasAda, triveNI-'jaina pratimAvidhAna', jaina eNTIkverI, khaNDa-4, aMka 1, jUna 1937, pR0 16-23 / prasAda, saMkaThA-'aizyeNTa jiyogrAphI oNva iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja 700 e. DI0-1200 e0 DI0' (pIeca0 DI0 thIsisa ), kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI 1973 / premI, nAthUrAma-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI 1956 / banarjI, Ara0 DI0-IsTarna iNDiyana skUla oNva meDivala skalpacara, dillI 1933 / banarjI, je0 ena0-di DevalapameNTa oNva hindU AikanogrAphI, kalakattA 1956 / banarjI, priyatoSa-'e noTa oNna di vazipa oNpha imejeja ina jainijma ( 200 bI0 sI0-200 e0 DI0 )', jarnala oNva di bihAra risarca sosAiTI, khaNDa-36, bhAga 1-2, 1950, pR0 57-65 / barjesa, je0-(1) elorA keva Tempulsa, ArkiyalaoNjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA, khaNDa-5, vArANasI 1970 ( pu0 mu0)| (2) 'digambara jaina AikanogrAphI', iNDiyana eNTIkverI, khaNDa-32, 1903, pR0 459.64 / bAjapeyI, ke0 DI0-'madhya pradeza kI prAcIna jaina kalA', anekAnta, varSa 17, aMka 3, agasta 1964, pR0 12-99, varSa 28, 1975, pR. 115-116 /
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________________ sandarbha sUcI : 277 ijabhUSaNa, jamIlA-iNDiyana jvelarI ArnAmenTsa aiNDa DekoreTiva Diz2Ainsa, bambaI 1964 / brAuna, parsI-iNDiyana ArkiTekcara buddhisTa aiNDa hindU, bambaI 1965 / bruna, klaoNja-(1) 'di phigara oNva di TU loara rilophasa oNna di pArzvanAtha Tempala aiTa khajurAho', AcAryazrI vijayavallabha sUri smAraka grantha ( saM0 motIcandra Adi ), bambaI 1956, pR0 7-35 / (2) 'jaina tIrthaja ina madhyadeza-dudahI', jainayuga, varSa 1, navambara 1958, pR0 29-33 / (3) 'jaina tIrthaz2a ina madhyadeza : cAMdapura, jainayuga, varSa 2, apraila 1959, pR0 67-70 / (4) di jina imejez2a oNpha devagar3ha, liDena 1969 / vyahalara, jI0-oNna di iNDiyana sekTa oNva di jainaz2a, landana 1903 / bhaTTasAlI, nalinIkAnta-AikanogrAphI oNva buddhisTa eNDa brAhmanikala skalpa carsa ina di DhAkA myUjiyama, DhAkA 1929 / bhaTTAcArya, e0 ke0-'AikanogrAphI oNva sama mAinara DITIja ina jainijma,' iNDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTarlI, khaNDa-29, aMka 4, disambara 1953, pR0 332-39 / bhaTTAcArya, TI0 e0-(1) e sTaDI oNna vAstuvidyA Ara kainansa oNpha iNDiyana ArkITekcara, paTanA 1947 / (2) kalTa oNpha brahmA, kalakattA 1957 / bhaTTAcArya, bI0-'jaina AikanogrAphI', jainAcArya zrI AtmAnanda janma zatAbdI smAraka grantha (saM0 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI), bambaI 1936, - pR0 114-21 / / bhaTTAcArya, bI0 sI0-(1) iNDiyana imejez2a , kalakattA, zimalA 1921 / (2) di jaina AikanogrAphI, dillI, vArANasI 1974 (pu0 mu0)| bhaTTAcArya, benAyatoza-di iNDiyana buddhisTa AikanogrAphI, kalakattA 196 . / bhaNDArakara, DI0 Ara0-(1) 'jaina AikanogrApho', ArkiyalaoNjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA-enuala riporTa 1905-6, kalakattA 1908, pR0 141-49 / / (2) 'di Tempulsa oNva osiyAM,' ArkiyalaoNjikala sarve oNva iNDiyA enuala riporTa, 1908-9, kalakattA 1912, pR0 100-15 /
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________________ 278 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana majamadAra, e0 ke0-caulukyAja oNva gujarAta, bambaI 1956 / majUmadAra, ema0 Ara0--(1) 'TrITameNTa oNva goDesa ina jaina aiNDa brAhmenikala pikToriyala ArTa', jainayuga, disambara 1958, pR0 22-29 / (2) kalcarala hisTrI oNva gujarAta, bambaI 1965 / mAlavIya, badrInAtha-zrI viSNudharmottara meM mUrtikalA, prayAga 1960 / mitrA, debalA-'zAsanadevIz2a ina di khaNDa giri kensa', jarnala oNva di ezi yATika sosAiTI, kalakattA, khaNDa-1, aMka 2, 1959, pR0 127-33 / mizrA, devI prasAda-e kalcarala sTaDI oNva jaina purANAja, ilAhAbAda 1988 / mizra, ramAnAtha-bhAratIya mUrtikalA, naI dillI 1981 / mukhtAra, jugula kizora-jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, bhAga 1, dillii| munizrI, jayantavijaya-holI AbU ( anu* yU0 pI0 zAha ), bhAvanagara 1954 / motIcandra-prAcIna bhAratIya vezabhUSA, prayAga, vi0 saM0 2007 / rAmacandrana, To0 ena0-'tiruparuttikuNarama aiNDa iTsa Tempalsa', buleTina oNpha di madrAsa, gavarnameNTa myUjiyama, nyU sirIja, khaNDa-1, bhAga 3, madrAsa 1934 / rAyacaudharI, pI0 sI0-jainIjma ina bihAra, paTanA 1956 / rAva, To0 e0 gopInAtha-elImeNTa Ava hindU AikanogrAphI ( 2 khaNDa), vArANasI 1971 (punmudrit)| remaNDa, vI0-hindU meDivala skalpacara, perisa 1950 / roleNDa, benjAmina-di ArTa eNDa ArkITekcara oNva iNDiyA ( buddhisTa, hindU, jaina ), landana 1953 / lAlavAnI, gaNeza ( saM0)-jaina jarnala ( mahAvIra jayanto spezala nambara ), khaNDa-3, aMka 4, apraila 1969 / vorA, ema0 pI0 evaM DhAko, ema0 e0-'di DeTa oNva aparAjitapucchA', jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTiTyUTa, bar3audA, aMka 1, saM0 4, 1969-70 / zarmA, je0 pI0-jaina yakSaz2a, meraTha 1989, / zarmA, dazaratha-rAjasthAna thU di ejez2a, khaNDa-1, bIkAnera 1966 / zarmA, bI0 ena0-jaina pratimAe~, dillI 1979 / zarmA, bRjanArAyaNa-sozala lAIpha ina nArdana iNDiyA, dillI 1966 / zarmA, maMju-e kalcarala sTaDI oNva trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra oNva hemacandra, (pIeca0 DI0 thIsisa ), dillI yUnivarsiTI 1982 /
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________________ sandarbha-sUcI : 279 zAstrI, kailAzacandra-jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, vArANasI 1963 / zAstrI, nemicandra-AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata, vArANasI 1968 / zAstrI, paramAnanda jaina-'madhya bhArata kA jaina purAtattva', anekAnta, varSa 19, aMka 1-2, apraila-jUna 1966, pR0 54-69 / zAha, ya0 pI0-(1) 'AikanogrAphI oNva di jaina gaoNDesa ambikA', jarnala AMva di yUnivarsiTI oNva di bAmbe, khaNDa-9. 1940. 41, pR0 147-69 / / (2) 'gADesa sarasvatI', jarnala oNva di yUnivarsiTo oNva di bAmbe, sitambara 1941, pR0 195-218 / (3) 'AikanogrApho A~va di siksaTona jaina mahAvidyAja', jarnala oNva di sosAyaTI oNva oriyaNTala ArTa, khaNDa 15, 1947, pR0 114-177 / (4) 'e yanika jaina imeja oNva jovantasvAmI', janarala A~va di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa oNva bar3audA, khaNDa-1, aMka 1, sitamvara 1951 (1952), pR0 72-79 / (5) 'yakSaja varazipa ina arlI jaina liTrecara', jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa oNva bar3audA, khaNDa-3, aka 1, sitambara 1953, pU0 54-72 / (6) 'bAhubalI : e yUnIka bronja ina di myUjiyama', buleTina Ava di priMsa oNva velsa mya jiyama oNva vesTarna iNDiyA, aMka 4, 1953-54, pR0 32-39 / / (7) 'mora imejeja oNva jovantasvAmI', jarnala oNva di iNDiyana myUjiyama, khaNDa-11, 1955, pR0 49-50 / (8) sTaDIja ina jaina ArTa, banArasa 1955 / (9) akoTA bronjeja, bambaI 1959 / / (10) 'inTroDakzana oNva zAsanadevatAja ina jaina varazipa', prosIDiMgsa eNDa TrAMjekzana oNva di Ala iNDiyA oriyaNTala kAnphansa, 20vAM adhivezana, bhuvanezvara, akTUbara 1959, pUnA 1961, pR0 141-52 / 'jaina sTorIz2a ina sTona ina di delavAr3A Tempula, mAuNTa AbU', jainayuga, sitambara 1959, pR0 38-40 / (12) 'AikanogrAphI oNva cakrezvarI, di yakSI oNva RSabhanAtha', jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa oNva bar3audA, khaNDa-20, aMka 3, mArca 1971, pR0 280-311 /
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________________ 280 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana (13) 'biginiMgsa oNva jaina AikanogrAphI', saMgrahAlaya purA tattva patrikA, aMka 9, jUna 1972, pR0 1-14 / (14) 'yakSiNI oNva di TvenTI-phortha jina mahAvIra', jarnala oNpha di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa oNva bar3audA, khaNDa22, aMka 1-2, sitambara-disambara 1972, pR0 70-78 / (15) 'mAinara jaina DiTIz2a', jarnala oNva di oriyaNTala insTITyUTa oNva bar3audA, khaNDa-31, aMka 3-4. mArcajUna 1982, khaNDa-32, aMka 1-2, sitambara-disasvara 1982, khaNDa-34, aMka 1-2, sitambara-disambara 1984 / (16) jaina rUpamaNDana ( jaina AikanogrAphI), khaNDa-1, dillI 1987 / zAha, sI0 je0-jainiz2ama ina nArtha iNDiyA, 800 bI0 sI0 e0 DI0 526, landana 1932 / zivarAmamUrti, sI0-'jiyogrAphikala aiNDa kronolAjikala phaikTarsa ina iNDiyana AikanogrAphI', aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA, 1950, khaNDa-6, pR0 21-63 / zukla, dvijendranAtha-(1) pratimA vijJAna, (bhAratIya vAstuzAstra grantha 5), lakhanaU, saM0 2013 / (2) pratimA lakSaNam, lakhanaU , saM0 2014 / zuklA, DI0 ena0-hindU kainansa oNva AikanogrAphI aiNDa peNTiga, gorakhapura 1958 / saMkAliyA, eca0 DI0-(1) "di arlIesTa jaina skalpacarsa ina kAThiyAvAr3a, jarnala oNva di raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, julAI 1938, pR0 426-30 / (2) 'jaina AikanogrAphI', nyU iNDiyana eNTikverI, khaNDa-2, 1939-40, pR0 497-520 / (3) di ArkiyolaoNjI oNva gujarAta, bambaI 1941 / sarakAra, DI0 sI0-selekTa inskripzansa, khaNDa-1, kalakattA 1965 / sahAya, bhagavanta-AikanogrAphI oNva mAinara hindU aiNDa buddhisTa DiTIja, naI dillI 1975 / sikdAra, je0 sI0-sTaDIja ina di bhagavatIsUtra, mujaphpharapura 1964 / siMha, amarendra-prAcIna bhArata meM yakSa, kinnara evaM dikpAla pUjA, ilAhAbAda 1989 /
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________________ sandarbha sUcI : 281 siMha, harihara--jaina Tempulsa oNva vesTarna iNDiyA, vArANasI 1982 / sinhA, bI0 pI0 - bhAratIya kalA ko bihAra kI dena, paTanA 1950 / somapurA, kAntilAla phUla canda - ( 1 ) di sTrakcarala Tempulsa oNva gujarAta, ahamadAbAda 1968 / (2) di ArkiTrekcarala TrITameNTa oNva di ajitanAtha Tempala aiTa tAraMgA, vidyA, khaNDa- 14, aMka 2, agasta 1971, pR0 50-77 / somapurA, prabhAzaMkara o0 -- (1) bhAratIya zilpa saMhitA, bambaI 1975 / (2) di vAstuvidyA oNva vizvakarmA, sTaDIja ina sfuse Tempula ArkITekcara, saM0 pramodacandra, naI dillI 1975, pu0 47-56 / sTivensana, esa0 - di hArTa oNva jainIz2ama, AksaphorDa 1915 | smitha, vI0 e0 - di jaina stUpa aiNDa adara eNTikvITIja oNva mathurA, vArANasI 1969, ( punarmudrita ) hastImala - jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa, khaNDa -1, itihAsa samiti prakAzana 3, jayapura 1971 /
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________________ citra-sUcI citra saMkhyA 1. RSabhanAtha, uraI (jAlona, u0 pra0), la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0, samprati rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU ( 16.0.178 ) (pR. 71 ) / 2. RSabhanAtha (gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM navagrahoM sahita ), khajurAho (chatarapura, me0 pra0), la0 10vIM zatI I0 samprati purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1667) (pR. 71 ) / 3. candraprabha, durjanapura (vidizA, ma0pra0), cauthI zato I0, samprati vidizA saMgrahAlaya ( kramAMka vI0 ema0 246 ) (pR0 81 ) / 4. candraprabha, kauzAmbI ( ilAhAbAda, u0 pra0), navIM zatI I., samprati ilAhAbAda saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 295 ) (pR0 81) / 5. vimalanAtha, sAranAtha ( vArANasI, u0 pra0), navIM zatI I0, samprati sAranAtha saMgrahAlaya ( kramAMka 236 ) ( pR0 85 ) / 6. tIrthaMkara, gUr3hamaNDapa, pArzvanAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, . gujarAta ), 1120 I0 / 7. munisuvrata, pazcimI bhArata, 11vIM zato I0, samprati gavarnamenTa senTrala myUz2iyama, jayapura ( pR0 92 ) / 8. neminAtha ( balarAma-kRSNa sahita ), mandira 2, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), 10vIM zatI I0 (10 0.6, 141 ) / 9. dvitIrthI jinamUrti, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma0pra0), 11vIM zatI I0, samprati purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho ( kramAMka 1635 ) / 10. jina caumukhI, pArzvanAtha sahita, mathurA ( u0 pra0), la0 sAtavIM zatI I0, samprati mathurA saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka bI0 65 ) (pR0 99) / 11. pArzvanAtha, guphA-4, bAdAmo (bIjApura, karnATaka ), prAraMbhika sAtavIM zatI I0 (pR. 99, 102, 155-56 ) / 12. pArzvanAtha, jaina guphA, ayahola (bIjApura, karnATaka ), la0 600 I. (pR0 99, 102, 155-56) / 13. pArzvanAtha ( zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita ), jaina guphA saM0 31, elorA
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________________ citrapasUcI : 283 ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la* navIM zatI I0 (pR0 101-02, 155-56, 179 ) / 14. pArzvanAtha (zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita ), jaina guphA saM0 32 (indrasabhA), elorA ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la* navIM zatI I0 ( pR0 102, 155-56, 179 ) / 15. citra saMkhyA 14 ke upasargoM kA vivaraNa ( pR0 102, 155-56 ) / 16. pArzvanAtha ( zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita ), jaina guphA saM0 34, elorA, __ (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la0 navIM zato I0 ( pR0 101-02, 156 ) / 17. garbhagRha kA pravezadvAra, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma. pra0), 950-70 I0 ( pR0 155) / 18. mahAvIra, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0pra0), la0 11vIM zatI I0, samprati purAtatva saMgrahAlaya, khajurAho (kramAMka 1731) (pR0 106 ) / 19. mahAvIra ( yakSa-yakSI sahita ), guphA saM0 4, bAdAmo, ( bIjApura, karnATaka ), hoyasalakAlIna, la0 12vIM zatI I0 (pR. 106) / 20. garbhagRha pravezadvAra ( mAMgalika svapna evaM jaina deviyA~), AdinAtha maMdira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma. pra.), 11vIM zatI I0 (pR0 63) / 21. pravezadvAra para utkIrNa mAMgalika svapna evaM deviyA~, zAMtinAtha maMdira parisara kI devakulikA, khajurAho ( chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 (pR. 63 ) / 22. 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArddha (pR0 63 ) / 23. yakSI ambikA, meguTI maMdira, ayahola ( bIjApura, karnATaka ), - sAtavIM zatI I0, sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya, ayahola ( pR0 154 ) / 24. yakSI aMbikA, dakSiNI jaMghA, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la0 950-70 I0 (pR0 154) / 25. yakSI aMbikA, bihAra, la0 10vIM zatI I0, samprati rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya, dillI ( kramAMka 63.940 ) (pR0 154) / 26. jaina sarasvato, paMcakUTa bastI, hummaca ( zimogA, karnATaka ), la. 10vIM zatI I0 (pR0 177) /
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________________ 284 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 29. brahmazAMti yakSa, raMgamaMDapa vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna), la0 1150 I0 (pR0 49 ) / 28. yakSI aMbikA, tIrthaMkara evaM bAhubalo, jaina guphA 32 ( indrasabhA), elorA ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), navIM zatI I0 ( pR0 154 ) / 29. jaina yugala ( tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA ? ), rIvA ( ma0 pra0), 11vIM ___zatI I0, dhubelA saMgrahAlaya (kramAMka 22 ) ( pR0 46 ) / 30. bharata cakravartI, maMdira-2, devagar3ha ( lalitapura, u0 pra0), la0 10vIM __ zatI I0 (pR0 122 ) / 31. kRSNa kA kAliyamardana, devakulikA vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa ___ AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna ), la0 1150 I0 ( pR0 141 ) / 32. SoDaza mahAvidyA, raMgamaMDapa vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa AbU (sirAhI, rAjasthAna ), la0 1150 I0 ( pR0 161) / 33. SoDaza mahAvidyA, zAntinAtha mandira, kumbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11vIM zatI I0 ( pR0 161 ) / 34. vidyAdeviyA~ (prajJapti, apraticakrA, vajrAMkuzA, vajrazRMkhalA), samatala vitAna, devakulikA, vimalavasaho, mAUnTa AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna ), la0 1150 I0 ( pR0 161 ) / 35. jaina mahAvidyA, pazcimI jaMghA, AdinAtha maMdira, khajurAho (chatara pura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 (pR0 164 ) / / 36. jaina mahAvidyA ( puruSadattA evaM apraticakrA), uttarI jaMghA, Adi nAtha maMdira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 (pR0 164) / 37. RSabhanAtha ke jIvana dRzya ( gomukha-cakrezvarI sahita ), samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kuMbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta ), la0 1084 I0 ( pR0 72 ) / 38. zAMtinAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kumbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta ), la0 1084 I0 ( pR0 89 ) / 39. zAMtinAtha evaM neminAtha ke jovana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, mahAvIra maMdira, kumbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1062 I0 (pR0 89,96 ) /
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________________ citra-sUcI : 285 40. neminAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kumbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta ), la0 1084 I0 ( pR0 96 ) / 41. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha maMdira, kumbhAriyA, (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta ), la0 1084 I0 ( pR0 100) / 42. mahAvIra ke jIvana-dRzya (upasargoM sahita), samatala vitAna, mahAvIra __ maMdira, kumbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1062 I0 (pR0 106 ) / 43. mahAvIra ke jIvana-dRzya ( upasargoM sahita ), samatala vitAna, __ zAMtinAtha maMdira, kumbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta ), la0 1084 I0 (pR0 106 ) / 44. bAhubalI ( gommaTezvara), guphA-4, bAdAmI (bIjApura, karnATaka), prAraMbhika sAtavIM zatI I0 ( pR0 184) / 45. bAhubalI, jaina guphA-32 ( indrasabhA), elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la0 navIM zatI I0 ( pR0 183-84 ) / 46. bAhubalI, jaina gaphA-32, elorA ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la. navIM zatI I0 (pR0 183-84 ) / 47. bAhubalI, jaina guphA-32, elorA ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la. ___ navIM zatI I0 ( pR0 183-84 ) / 48. bAhubalI, guphA-34, elorA ( auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra ), la0 narvI zatI I0 (pR0 183 ) / 49. nommaTezvara bAhubalI ( 57 phITa ), zravaNabelagola (cikamagalUra, karnATaka ), 983 I0 (pR0 180 ) / 50. jaina kSetrapAla, maMdira-1, devagar3ha ( u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 (1048) / AbhAra citra saMkhyA 8, 30, 31, 50 DaoN0 mArutinandana tivArI evaM anya sabhI citra amerikana insTIcyUTa oNpha iNDiyana sTaDIz2a, vArANasI ke saujanya se|
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA ardhanArIzvara 172 avasarpiNI 1, 12, 17, 36, 58, akoTA 71, 151, 224, 256 aMgavijjA 34, 37, 225, 226 agni 41, 47, 168 ajaMtA 227 ajjA 41 atharvaveda 147 adbhuta padmAvatI 25 antakRtadazAH 37 antagaDadasAo 37, 38, 148 apabhraMzamahApurANa 1 aparAjitapRcchA 6, 150 apsarA 12, 98, 211, 240, 265 apraticakrA 40 abhijJAnazAkuntalam 221 amarakoza 191, 226, 229 ambikA 7, 38, 39, 48, 65, 71, 89, 92, 95, 96, 100, 101, 107, 131, 141, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 177, 212, 314, 221, 222, 225, 240, 258, 260, 264 amoghavarSa 4, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 255 ayahola 4, 14, 46, 102, 106, 177, 182, 184, 259 ayodhyA 11 aSTadikpAla 6, 7, 43, 47, 49, 171, 256 aSTaprAtihArya 3, 58, 62, 180, 183, 184, 198, 258 akSobhya 4,13 AcAradinakara 43, 48, 150, 170 AcArAMgaTIkA 180 AcArAMgasUtra 225, 227 AtmAnuzAsana 22 AbU 65, 78 AvazyakacaNi 44, 180 Avazyakaniyukti 11, 44, 180 AvazyakabhASya 180 indra 4, 6, 11, 12, 16, 25, 38, 41, 49, 64, 66-69, 71, 73, 76, 79, 80, 82-84, 86, 92, 94, 97, 99, 103, 105, 140, 147, 148, 149, 167, 168, 171, 174, 255, 256, 261, 262, 265 indrANI 4, 169, 255 uttarapurANa 45 uttarAdhyayanasUtra 35, 37, 147 utsarpiNI 1, 17, 36 upasarga 3,17, 22
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA : 287 Rgveda 66, 147 kAyotsargamudrA 181, 182, 184 RtusaMhAra 225 kAzI 70, 96, 225 ekanAMzA 178 kIrti 3, 12, 16, 37, 41, 50 elipheNTA 77 kubera 4, 41, 50, 89, 92, 95, elorA 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 14, 46, 96, 100, 101, 140, 148, 49, 50, 62, 65, 69, 71, 151, 153, 167,168,169, 72, 75, 77, 79, 81-87, 173, 174, 198, 240, 89-94, 96, 100, 101, 255, 256, 258, 260 102, 106, 107, 122, kumArapAla 24 / 123, 140, 151, 153, kumArasaMbhava 216, 221, 228 154, 155, 156, 161, kumbhAriyA 7, 8, 9, 14, 38, 167, 175, 176, 177, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 63179, 183, 184, 212, 65, 72, 78, 83, 84, 88, 218, 221, 224, 255, 89, 92, 93, 100, 101, 256, 257, 758, 259, 106, 122, 156, 167, 260, 262, 264, 265 170, 173, 176, 177, osiyAM 27, 45, 47, 48, 49, 182,, 192, 201, 221, 72, 100, 151, 170, 241, 256, 257, 261, 263 173, 176, 177, 192, kumrahAra 192, 193, 256 kRSNa 1, 3, 4, 6, 11, 26, 36, aupapAtikasUtra 63, 148 37, 42, 45, 46, 49, 92kaMkAlITIlA 13 96, 119, 126, 128, 137, kaMsa 17 138, 139, 140, 141, kapadi yakSa 6, 43, 49, 172, 255, 256, 257, 258 256 kRSNacarita 17, 43 kamaTha 22 __ kRSNa dvitIya 4, 20, 21, 23, 24 kalpavAsI 50, 156 255 kalpasUtra 11, 34, 35, 35-38, kodakiriyA 41, 168 59, 69, 71, 149, 176, koNArka 81 180 kauzAmbI 81, 125 kalpasUtravRtti 180 kSetrapAla 43, 48 kahAvalI 42, 43, 45, khajurAho 3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 14, kAmadeva 181, 212, 262 27, 46, 47-50, 63, 69,
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________________ 288 : jena mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 71, 74, 75, 77-81, 92, jambUdvIpaprajJapti 11, 180 96, 100, 106, 151, jayadhavalATIkA 18, 20, 21, 22 154, 155, 156, 167, jarAsaMdha 17, 256 170, 173-177, 180, jAlora 27 183, 184, 192, 193, jinadattacaritra 22 256, 259-262 jinanAthapura 177, 193 khaNDagiri 49, 256 jIvAjIvAtrigamasUtra 64 khAravela 24 jyotiSka deva 256 gaMgA 4, 11, 15, 50, 169, 178, jvAlAmAlinIkalpa 24, 25 .. 255, 256 jvAlinI mAtA 25 gajalakSmI 176 tattvArthasUtra 148 gandharva 41, 69,167, 168, 182, tAraMgA 9, 49, 177, 192, 193, 261 256 gaNitasArasaMgraha 23 tilakamaJjarI 25, 27 gaNeza 6, 43, 48, 256 tiloyapaNNatti 42, 44, 59, 149, giranAra 47 151, 213, 260 guNazila 39 tisaTThi-mahApurisaguNalaMkAru 42 gyArasapura 8, 101, 106, 151 trilokaprajJapti 11 ghaNerAva 9, 48, trizaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 4, 5, 6, cauppannamahApurisacariyaM 132, 180 9, 11, 24, 37, 42, 43, cakravartI 2, 10, 11,15, 25, 36, 44, 46, 47, 48, 62, 69, 43, 254, 255 133, 149, 143, 173, cakrezvarI 6, 38, 71, 72, 148, 175, 177, 178, 180, 151,-154, 177, 214, 260 trizUlaguphA 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, caturvizatikA 6, 48, 49 88, 90 caturvizatijinacarita 11, 43, 150 triSaSTilakSaNa-mahApurANa saMgraha 10 caturvizatistava 35, 43 triSaSTismRti 11 candra 47 dazaratha 15 cAmuNDarAyapurANa 27, 42 dazaratha jAtaka 42 citrakUTa 19 dikkumArI 50, 256, 262 causaTha yoginI 43, 48 dikpAla 240 causA 91 delavAr3A 7, 8, 9, 27, 38, 45, -- 260
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________________ 49, 100, 122, 141, 154, 156, 167, 170, 173, 176, 177, 192, 193, 259, 241, 256, 257, 261, 262 devagar3ha 3, 4, 7, 12, 44, 46, 50, 63, 71, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 88, 96, 100, 106, 122, 141, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 167, 173, 176, 177, 180, 183, 184, 216, 218, 222, 256, 258, 259, 260, 262 devatAmUrtiprakaraNa 150 dharaNendra 13, 148, 152 dharmazarmAbhyudaya 27 14, 69, dhAMka 151 dhRti 3, 12, 16, 37, 41, 50, naranArAyaNAnanda 27 navagraha 6, 41, 43, 47, 49, 168, 356 navamuni guphA 74, 75, 77 nAgadeva 47, 262 nADola 170, nAyA 91 nArAyaNa 2, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17 25, 37, 151, 254, 255 256 nibaNakalikA 2, 6, 25, 44, 47, 48, 62, 149, 43, zabdAnukramaNikA : 289 nizIthacUrNa 180 nIlAMjanA 13,265 naigameSI 7, 38, 42, 49, 138, 256 paumacariya 1, 2, 4, 14, 16, 34-42, 45, 50, 59, 62, 63, 148, 149, 180, 190, 231, 232, 254, 261 paMcakalyANaka 15, 63, 169, 257, 261 padmacarita 27, 42, 44 padmapurANa 1, 2, 4, 5, 16, 42, 45, 132, 180, 191, 196, 203, 216, 221, 225, 235, 254 padmAvatI 7, 148, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 214, 215, 222, 260, 264 padmAnandamahAkAvya 150, 153 pallU 177, pavAyA 147, pArvatI 168, 172 kahAo 35, 37, 40, 59, pArzvajinendrastuti 20 pATaNa 47 pATaliputra 192, pANDavacarita 43 pANDavapurANa 43 pAzvabhyudaya 21 pAsanAhacariu 98 piNDaniryukti 148 purANasArasaMgraha 11, 256 pulakezina dvitIya 192 pUrNabhadra 39
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________________ 290 : jena mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana pRthvIrAya 23 buddhi 3, 11, 12, 16, 37, 50 9 pratinArAyaNa 2, 10, 11, 15, bulandIbAga 192 16, 17, 25, 256 buddha 4, 13, 63, 255 prativAsudeva 36 bRhatkathAkoSa 25 pratiSThA tilakama 43, 150, 170 bRhatkalpasUtra bhASya 225, 226, 227 pratiSThAsArasaMgraha 2, 6, 43, 44, bRhatsaMhitA 228 47, 49, 62, 149, 150 brahma 3, 11, 25, 28, 49, 50, pratiSThAsAroddhAra 2, 6, 25, 43, 74, 83, 148, 168, 174, 62, 170 175, 254, 255, 256 ... prabandhacintAmaNi 6 brahmazAnti yakSa 6, 7, 43, 48, prabhAvakacarita 6 49, 256 pravacanasAroddhAra 44, 59, 149 brahmA ke vividha nAma 13, 14, 78 prshnottrmaalik| 23 brAhmI 12, 181, 182 praznottararalamAlA 23 mahAvatIsUtra 9, 34, 35, 37, 39, prajJApAramitA 13 59, 148, 176, 221, 227, balabhadra 2, 10, 11, 16, 17, 151, 231 254, 255 bhagIratha 4, 15, 255 balarAma 3, 37, 42, 46, 49, bharata 3, 7, 15, 25 43, 46, 92-94, 119, 126, 137, 49, 119, 122, 181, 255, 140, 141, 175, 256, 256, 259 258, 259 bharata cakravartI 36, 43, 178, 180, bahuputrikA 39, 148, 149 184, 257, 262 baMkApura 19 bharatezvarAbhyudakAla 43 bAdAmI 4, 14, 46, 102, 106, bhavanavAsI 50, 261 177, 182, 192, 258 bhAgavatpurANa 66, 139 bArabhujI guphA 74, 75, 77, 81- bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa 25 88, 90-92, 94, 153 mathurA 3, 7, 14, 63, 71, 96, bAhubalI 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 14, 100, 106, 138, 139, 43, 46, 49, 68, 71, 141, 151, 153-256, 121, 174, 179, 184, 258,260 256, 257, 259, 262, mayamata 190 mahApurANa 37, 42 bilaharI 46, 49, 183, 256, mahAbhArata 1, 11, 16, 36, 43, 262 66, 139, 147
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________________ zabsAnukramaNikA : 291 mahAmAnasI 40, 261 rUpamaNDana 6, 150 mahAvidyA 6, 7, 40, 41, 43, 50, lakSmaNa 16, 26, 36, 40, 45, 152, 161 92, 93, 127, 132-137, maMtrAdhirAjakalpa 43, 150 256, 261 mAnasAra 190 lakSmaNa ke vividha nAma 37 meghadUta 21, 218, 224 lakSmI 3, 6, 12, 16, 37, 42, yakSa 39, 41, 43, 65, 71, 72, 49, 50, 167, 176, 177, 76, 78, 81-85, 87, 89- 255, 256, 261, 262 92, 94-96, 98-100,106, lUNavasahI 45, 46, 63, 93, 96, 147, 149, 151, 167, 261 127, 141, 161, 193, yakSa-yakSo 150, 180, 183, 256, 261, 273 / / 257, 259-261, lokapAla 41, 168, 170, 173 yakSoM kI sUcI 39, 44, 148 lohAnIpura 63, 192 yazastilakacampU 9, 24, 216 varuNa 41 raghuvaMza 218, 220, 22 varSamAna purANa 20, 21 rAghavacarita 37 vasudevahiNDI 11, 40, 44, 45, rAjagira 7, 49, 71, 74, 92, 59, 132, 180 256, 260 vAgArthasaMgraha 10 rAjaghATa 229 vATagrAma 19 vAmana 4, 49, 50, 255, 256, rAma 1, 4, 6, 11, 16, 26, 36, 262 37, 40, 42, 45, 46, 92, vArANasI 96 96, 119, 126,128, 132, vAsudeva 36, 37, 43, 168 133, 134, 137, 174, vijayapahutta 45 175, 191, 255, 256, vidyAoM kI sUcI 40, 41, 256 259, 761 vidyAdevI 3, 39, 40, 42, 44, rAmakathA 3, 16, 36, 42 rAma ke vividha nAma 37, 49 vidyAdhara 25, 26 rAmAyaNa 1, 11, 16, 36, 42, vidyAdharI 4, 182, 184, 212, 132-133, 147, 236 262 rAyapaseNiya 9, 34 vindhyavAsinI 4, 255 .. rAvaNa 16, 36, 40, 92, 128, vimalavasahI 14, 45, 46,49, 63, 132-136, 191, 256, 84-90, 92, 96, 100, 261 127, 141, 170, 172,
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________________ 292 : jaina mahApurANa : kalAparaka adhyayana 178, 182, 193, 201, zrAvastI 75 214, 222, 230, 261, zrI 3, 11, 12, 16, 37, 41, 50 263 zrImadbhAgavat 66 vividhatIrthakalpa 6, 48, 49 zru tAvatAra 17 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 11, 180 sanatkumAracarita 43 viSNu 3, 11, 15, 50, 66, 72, samarAiccakahA 9, 25, 216, 225 74, 168, 173, 174, 175, samarAMgaNasUtradhAra 190 176, 254, 255, 256 samavasaraNa 13, 15, 62, 64, 147 viSNu ke vividha nAma 13, 14, 16 169, 170, 190, 195, 41, 175, 255 198, 200-261, 262, 263 viSNupurANa 42, samavAyAMgasUtra 11, 34, 36, 46 vaibhAra pahAr3I 50, 59, 180, 190, vairAgyazataka 22 sarasvatI 3, 6, 7, 18, 38, 42 vyantaradeva 50, 256, 261 49, 50, 169, 177, 256 zalAkApuruSa 2, 4, 6, 10, 15, 35, 262 36,42, 43, 49, 94, 119, saMskRta mahApurANa 1 127, 153, 174, 254, saMhitAsAra 45 255, 256, 259, 260 saheTha-maheTha 91 zazi 41 sAdar3I 9 zatrujaya pahAr3I 182, 194 siddhArtha 4, 13 zatruJjayamAhAtmya 49 siMdhu 11, 169, 178, 256 ziva 3, 4, 11, 12, 24, 25, siMdhu devI 50 41, 50, 66, 72, 74, 168, sItA 16, 174 171, 175, 211, 216, sugrIva 45, 261 254, 255, 256, 263 sundarI 12, 181, 182 265 subhaumacarita 43, zivake vividha nAma 13, 14, 16, sUrya 4, 11, 47, 50, 168, 255, 41, 66, 172, 255 256 zUlapANi yakSa 105, 106 sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 40 zravaNabelagola 14, 179, 193 stuticaturvizatikA 45, 256 sthAnAMgaTIkA 180 zravaNabelagola 14, 179, 193, sthAnAMgasUtra 36, 38, 40, 41, 256 180
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________________ zabdAnukramaNikA : 293 svayaMbuddha 4, 13, 14 235, 254, 261 hanumAna 16, 45, 135, 174 harSacarita 203, 216 259, 261 halebiDa 177, 256 harivaMzapurANa 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 17, hastinApura 13 19, 20, 37, 43, 46, 50, hiMgalAjagar3ha 230 62, 63, 73, 139, 148, hummaca 101, 177, 256 172, 173, 175, 177 hrI 12, 16, 37, 41, 50 178, 180, 194, 196 jJAtadharmakathA 11, 197, 202, 227, 233, jJAtAdharmakathAMga 37
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________________ zuddhi-patra 47 47 azuddha gyArasayura prajJApAramita lakSaNa zaMkarI nirmati cita 23 citra 51 cita 28 pakSI sandarbha prAtihArtha pR0 saM0 330 akana zuba gyArasapura prajJApAramitA lakSmaNa zaMkarI niRtti citra 22 citra 50 citra 27 yakSI pAda-TippaNI prAtihArya 230 aMkana 48 122 230 241
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________________ 1. RSabhanAtha, uraI (jAlona, u0 pra0), la0 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 2. RSabhanAtha (gomukha-cakrezvarI evaM navagrahoM sahita), khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la0 10vIM zatI I0
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________________ durjanAtanavika ORA PRAN I.GURJANRAIL (Hardus) 3. candraprabha, durjanapura (vidizA, ma0 pra0), cauthI zatI I0 4. candraprabha, kauzAmbI (ilAhAbAda, u0 pra0), navIM zatI I0
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________________ MARITHDROO / 5. vimalanAtha, sAranAtha (vArANasI, u0 pra0), navIM zatI I0 6 . tIrthaMkara, gUDhamaNDapa, pArzvanAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 1120 I0
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________________ www.jainelibraryorg 7. munisuvrata, pazcimI bhArata, 11vIM zatI I0 8. neminAtha (balarAma-kRSNa sahita), mandira-2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, yU0 pI0), 10vIM zatI I0
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________________ RS 9. dvitIrthI jinamUrti, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 10. jina caumukhI, pArzvanAtha sahita, mathurA (u0 pra0), la0 sAtavIM zatI I0
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________________ www.jainelibrary. 11. pArzvanAtha, guphA-4, bAdAmI (bIjApura, karnATaka), prArambhika sAtavIM zatI I0 12. pArzvanAtha, jaina guphA, ayahola (bIjApura, karnATaka), la0 600 I0
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________________ lain Education International 13. pArzvanAtha (zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita),jaina guphA saM0 31, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra) la0 navIM zatI I0 14. pArzvanAtha (zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita), jaina guphA saM0 32 (indrasabhA), elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI I0
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________________ www.jainelibra org 15. citra saM 14 ke upasargoM kA vivaraNa / 16. pArzvanAtha (zaMbara ke upasargoM sahita), jaina guphA saM0 34, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI I0
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________________ 17. garbhagRha kA pravezadvAra, pArzvanAtha, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0),950 70 I0 18. mahAvIra, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), la0 11vIM zatI I0
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________________ CI 19. mahAvIra (yakSa- yakSI sahita), guphA saM0 4, bAdAmI (bIjApura, karnATaka), hoyasalakAlIna. la0 12vIM zatI I0 KOUKURO DANETG 20. garbhagRha pravezadvAra (mAMgalika svapna evaM jaina deviyA~), AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0
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________________ 21. pravezadvAra para utkIrNa mAMgalika svapna evaM deviyA~, zAMtinAtha mandira parisara kI devakulikA, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 22. 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke mAtA-pitA, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), 11vIM zatI I0 kA uttarArddha
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________________ 23. yakSI ambikA, meguTI mandira, ayahola (bIjApura, karnATaka), sAtavIM zatI I0 24. yakSI ambikA, dakSiNI jaMghA, pArzvanAtha mandira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0, la0 950-70 I0
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________________ 25. yakSI ambikA, bihAra, la0 10vIM zatI I0 26. jaina sarasvatI, paMcakUTa bastI, hummaca (zimogA, karnATaka), la0 10vIM zatI I0
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________________ 27. brahmazAnti yakSa, raMgamaNDapa vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna), la0 1150 I0 28. yakSI ambikA, tIrthaMkara evaM bAhubalI, jaina guphA 32 (indrasabhA), elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), navIM zatI I0
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________________ www.janelibrary.org 29. jaina yugala (tIrthaMkara ke mAtA-pitA?), rIvA (ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0 30. bharata cakravartI, mandira-2, devagar3ha (lalitapura, u0 pra0), la0 10vIM zatI I0
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________________ RAAKAALIMALKHARINIV REarahar AS www.jainelibraro 36. kRSNa kA kAliyamardana, devakulikA vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa Aba (sirohI rAjasthAna), la0 1150 I0 32. SoDaza mahAvidyA, raMgamaNDapa vitAna, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna), la0 1150 I0
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________________ 33. SoDaza mahAvidyA, zAntinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (gujarAta), 11 vIM zatI I0 DARE 34. vidyodaviyAM (prajJapti, apraticakrA, vajrAMkuzA, vajrazrRMkhalA),samatala vitAna, devakulikA, vimalavasahI, mAUnTa AbU (sirohI, rAjasthAna), la0 1150 I0
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________________ www.jainelibr Bidisise ex eNe Dotects catectectes axe IATRIA INARY ME 2A 457 tee TOXEY PIC B 35. jaina mahAvidyA, pazcimI jaMghA, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 36. jaina mahavidyA (puruSadattA evaM apraticakrA), uttarI jaMghA, AdinAtha mandira, khajurAho 11vIM zatI I0 (chatarapura, ma0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0
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________________ 37. RSabhanAtha ke jIvana-dRzya (gomukha-cakrezvarI sahita), samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1084 I0 38. zAMtinAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1084 I0
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________________ ATMER TRUCTOR 39. zAMtinAtha evaM neminAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, mahAvIra mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1062 I0 40. neminAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1084 I0.
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________________ 41. pArzvanAtha ke jIvana-dRzya, samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1084 I0 10 an E O BHE RE *** FAL HAR sikhAtA ha ca 42. mahAvIra ke jIvana-dRzya (upasargoM sahita), samatala vitAna, mahAvIra mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1062 I0
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________________ lalalalalal 43. mahAvIra ke jIvana-dRzya (upasargoM sahita), samatala vitAna, zAMtinAtha mandira, kuMbhAriyA (banAsakAMThA, gujarAta), la0 1062 I0 44. bAhubalI (gommaTezvara ), guphA-4, bAdAmI (bIjApura, karnATaka) prArambhika sAtavIM zatI I0
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________________ 45. bAhubalI, jaina guphA-32 (indrasabhA), elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra),la0 navIM zatI I0 Jain E46atibAhubalI, jaina guphA-32, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTrAla0 navIM zatI I0
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________________ 2 www.jainelibrario 47. bAhubalI, guphA-34, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI I0 48. bAhubalI, guphA-34, elorA (auraMgAbAda, mahArASTra), la0 navIM zatI I0
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________________ 49. gommaTezvara bAhubalI (57 phITa), zravaNabelagola (cikamagalUra, karnATaka), 983 I0 5 0. jaina kSetrapAla, mandira-1, devagar3ha (u0 pra0), 11vIM zatI I0
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________________
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