Bharatiya Abhilekh Vidya

Author(s): Hariprasad G Shastri
Publisher: University Granth Nirman Board
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005401/1

Page #1
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA (INDIAN EPIGRAPHY) lekhaka DaoN. hariprasAda ga. zAstrI azvekSa bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-9 Dr. H. G. Shastri Director B. J. Institute of Learning & Research Ahmedabad-9 Customs laTI than rAtarA, For Personal & Private Use Only ke A rIte ja dA

Page #2
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA S (INDIAN EPIGRAPHY) che , *. lekhaka DaoN. hariprasAda saM. zAstrI adhyakSa bhe. je. adhyayana-saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-9 Dr. H. G. Shastri Director B. J. Institute of Learning & Research Ahmedabad-9 boTa, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #3
prakAzaka : IzvarabhAI je. paTela adhyakSa, yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa, gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda (c) yunivarsiTI graMthanirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6 prathama AvRtti : 1973 nakala 1000 kiMmata rU. pa/ "Published by the University Book Production Board, Gujarat State, under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme of Production of Literature and Books in Regional Languages at the University level, of the Govt. of India in the Ministry of Education and Social Welfare (Department of Culture), New Delhi." zrI indubhAI zAha nIzanala TreDarsa kaDI mahAlA, lAla daravAjA, zramadAvAda-1 vitaraka : mesasa bAlagoviMda bukaselarsa gAMdhIroDa, amadAvAda-1 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #4
prakAzakanuM puravacana ucca keLavaNInuM mAdhyama mAtRbhASA bane e khvAhiza mUrtimaMta karavI hoya te yunivarsiTIe aneka vidyAzAkhAo mATe vipula graMthasAmagrI taiyAra karavI joIe. A sAmagrI aneka kakSAnA ane rasanA vidyArthIo ane abhyAsIone upayogI thAya te rIte nirmita thAya to vidyAvyAsaMganuM uttama kArya hAtha dharI zakAya. yunivarsiTI keLavaNInuM sanAtana dhyeya yuvAna peDhImAM vidyAvyAsaMganI vRtti janmAvavAnuM che. A vRtti yuvAna vidyArthInA mAnasajagatanuM eka AjIvana aMga bane tevI IcchA ApaNe saue sevavI joIe. A IcchAne bara lAvavA mATe kendrIya sarakAre, rAjaya sarakAra dvArA hareka bhAratIya bhASA mATe Arthika sahAya ApavAnI haiyAdhAraNa ApI bhautika paristhiti sarjI che. AvI bhautika sagavaDanA saMdarbhamAM uttama mAnaka graMtha gujarAtanI navI peDhIne caraNe dharavAne paDakAra yunivarsiTIonI vidyApravRtti sAthe saMkaLAyelA saunI samakSa paDela che. gujarAta rAjya sarakAre graMthanirmANanuM A kAma tvarAthI ane apekSita dhoraNe thAya te hetusara yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDanI racanA karI che. A borDa para gujarAtanI yunivarsiTIonA badhA kulapatio tema ja vidvAna, saMlagna sarakArI khAtAMonA niyAmaka vagere niyukta thayA che ane mAnaka graMthanI dhAraNA pariNAmajanaka bane te mATe vidyAzAkhAvAra viSayavAra anubhavI vidvAna prAdhyApakonAM milana yojI emanI bhalAmaNa anusAra lekhana mATe prAdhyApakone naryA che, ane lakhANa sUkSma tathA eyapUrNa bane te hetusara evA ja vidvAnone parAmarzaka tarIke nimaMtyA che. gujarAta rAjayanI yunivarsiTIomAM vinayana vidyAzAkhAnA vidyArthIone suyogya gujarAtI graMthe maLI rahe te hetuthI A yojanA anvaye taiyAra thayelA pustaka "bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAne prakAzita karatAM huM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. e AnaMdamAM umero e vAte thAya che ke pustakanA lekhaka Do. hariprasAda zAstrI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #5
te viSayanA khAsa jANakAra che ane potAnAM jJAna ane anubhavane lAbha vidyArthIone ApavAnuM emaNe svIkAryuM che. Do. panubhAI bhaTTa jevA vidvAne A graMtha pramANabhUta bane ane viSayavastunI sarvagrAhI rajUAta thAya te mATe salAhasUcano ane mArgadarzana ApI parAmarzaka tarIke je sevAo ApI che te badala temane huM sAnaMda AbhAra mAnuM chuM. presa tathA borDanA sTAphe A graMtha A vidyAnA abhyAsIone jaladI prApta thAya te mATe je jahemata uThAvI che te badala sauno AbhAra mAnuM chuM yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa borDa gujarAta rAjya, amadAvAda-6 8-10-73 IzvarabhAI paTela adhyakSa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #6
prastAvanA abhilekha eTale katareluM lakhANa. paththara para kotarelA lekha "zilAlekha" kahevAya che. lekha katarelAM tAMbAnAM patarAMne "tAmrapatra' kahe che. maMdira, masjido, vAvo vageremAM ghaNI vAra zilAlekha mUkela hoya che. maMdiramAM ghaNI vAra mUti para lakhANa kotareluM jovAmAM Ave che. ene "pratimAlekha kahe che. keTalAMka sthaLoe zilAtaMbha para lekha katarelo hoya che. gujarAtamAM, khAsa karIne saurASTra ane kacchamAM ThekaThekANe pALiyA ubhA karelA hoya che ne enA para kaMI lakhANa kotaryuM hoya che. hAla aneka jAhera tathA khAnagI makAnomAM lakhANa kotarelI takatI mUkavAmAM Ave che. A ane AvA bIjA prakAranA abhilekhAmAM kaMI ne kaMI yAdagAra hakIkata noMdhAI hoI, e itihAsanuM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana banI rahe che. ItihAsanAM vividha sAdhanomAM alikhita sAdhana karatAM likhita sAdhano vadhu upayogI nIvaDe che ne likhita sAdhanAmAMya abhilekho vizeSa upayogI nIvaDe che, kemake emAMnuM lakhANa enA mULa svarUpamAM hajAro varSa sudhI TakI rahe che. bhArata ghaNo vizALa deza che ne eno ItihAsa ghaNo lAMbo che. paraMtu bhAratIya ItihAsanA prAcIna sAhityamAM rAjavaMzAvaLIo ja vadhAre jaLavAtI, prAcIna rAjAonA caritamAM mukhya AdhAra anusUtino levAto ane samakAlIna rAjAonAM carita mukhyatve nAyakocita prazasti tathA kAvyocita ka95nAnI daSTithI lakhAtAM. musilama lekhakonI tavArIkhamAM rAjakIya dastAvejane ThIka upayoga karavAmAM Avato. paraMtu ItihAsa mATe sarvavidha sAdhanasAmagrInuM aSaNa bhAgye ja karavAmAM AvatuM. A prakAranA anveSaNano AraMbha bhAratamAM 18 mI sadInA uttarArdhamAM thaye. tyAre emAM abhilekhomAM noMdhAyelA vRttAMtane ya samAveza thayo. [prAcIna abhilekhomAM 10mI-ramI sadI sudhInA lekha vAMcI zakAtA, paraMtu enI pahelAMnA lekha vAMcavA muzkela hatA, kemake lipinA mareDamAM haMmezAM parivana thayA karatuM. AthI keTalAka lekha saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #7
hovA chatAM saMskRtanA paMDitone paNa e ukelatAM muzkelI paDatI. vadhu prAcIna kAlanA lekho to jANe kaI lupta ke videzI lipimAM na lakhAyA hoya tevo bhAsa thato, kemake e kAlanuM lipisvarU5 enA vartamAna svarUpathI sAva bhinna hatuM. bhAratIya paMDito to ene "devalipi" mAnI hAtha dhoI nAkhatA, paraMtu pAzcAtya vidvAnoe khaMta ane sUjha dvArA cheka moryakAla sudhInA lipi-maroDa baMdha besADyA. A puruSArtha dvArA bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnAM maMDANa thayAM ne prAcIna hastaprato tathA prAcIna abhilekha vAMcavAmAM lipi-mareDano aMtarAya dUra thaze. bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAe bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnA vikAsane vega Apyo. bhAratanA purAtatva sarvekSaNamAM abhilekhavidyAnA vibhAga umerAyA. emAM brAhmI ane kharoSThI jevI prAcIna lipiomAM kotarelA abhilekhonA temaja arabI-phArasI lipiomAM kotarelA abhilekhonA jANakAra nimAvA lAgyA. enAM vibhAgIya vartulemAM vartamAna prAdezika lipionA jANakAre to hatA ja. purAtattva-sarvekSaNa taraphathI bhAratIya abhilekho mATe khAsa sAmayika paNa zarU thayuM. zailalekho, zilAtaMbhalekho, zilAlekho, tAmrapatralekha, guphAlekha, pratimAlekha vagere prakAranA abhilekhanuM anveSaNa, vAcana, saMpAdana, bhASAMtara ane prakAzana thatAM bhAratanA ItihAsamAM vipula mAhitI umerAI ne e paNa te te samayanAM samakAlIna sAdhanA AdhAre. prativarSa aneka abhilekha prakAzita thatA rahe che, abhilekha-saMgrahAnA keTalAka graMtha paNa taiyAra thatA rahe che ne abhilekhonI sUcio paNa prasiddha thatI rahe che. bhAratIya itihAsanA anaveSaNa, saMzodhana tathA nirUpaNamAM abhilekhe mAhitInA sAdhana tarIke ghaNA upakAraka nIvaDyA che. paraMtu bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vize ghaNuM jUja sAhitya lakhAyuM che. 1894-1918 daramyAna bhAratIya prAcInalipividyA vizenA sAhityanAM hiMdI, jarmana ane aMgrejImAM pagaraNa thayAM. emAM bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA, bhAratanI prAcIna lipiono udbhava tathA vikAsa, lipi-svarUpa tathA akSara-maroDonAM kramika rUpAMtara uparAMta lekhana tathA abhilekhananI sAmagrI ane abhilekhomAM ApelI mitionA judA judA saMvato jevI keTalIka AnuSaMgika bAbatonuM ya nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM. e pachI cheka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #8
19pa7-1961 daramyAna bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnA viSayAnA nirUpaNamAM keTalAka umerA thayA. paraMtu bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vizenu paddhatisaranuM pustaka lakhAyuM cheka 1965 mAM. e pustaka aMgrejImAM che te A viSayanuM hajI vadhu vistRta nirUpaNa jarUrI che. abhilekhavidyAnI jANakArInA abhAve itihAsanA ghaNA adhyApako abhilekhAnI mULa sAmagrInA mahattvanA sAdhanane ghaNA eche lAbha laI zake che. ApaNI yunivarsi TIemAM itihAsanA anu-snAtaka abhyAsakramamAM abhilekhavidyAne abhyAsakrama ghaDAyA hoya teA paNa javalle ja zIkhavAya che ! saMskRtanA anusnAtaka abhyAsakramamAM abhilekhavidyAnu vaikalpika zAstra pasaMda karanAra vidyArthIone bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAneA tathA mahattvanA prAkRtasaMskRta abhilekhAne abhyAsa karavA prApta thAya che. evI rIte bhAratIya saMskRtinA anusnAtaka vidyAthIone paNa abhilekhavidyA tathA sikkAzAstranA vaikalpika jUthamAM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnA abhyAsa karavAne lAbha maLe che. chatAM mArI jANa mujaba A viSaya para gujarAtI bhASAmAM koI pustaka bhAgye ja lakhAyu che. traNeka varSa upara A lekhake lakhelI 'bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA : eka rUparekhA' pustikA bahAra paDI, tenAthI gujarAtImAM A viSayanu avataraNa thayeluM. paraMtu e te pAzerAmAM pahelI pUNI' gaNAya. bhAratIya itihAsa, sAhitya ane saMskRtinA anusnAtaka vidyAthIone temaja abhyAsIone A vigatavAra graMtha vizeSa upayogI nIvaDe tevA che. prAstAvika prakaraNamAM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnAM pagaraNa kevI rIte thayAM te nirUpAyu che. prakaraNa 2-7 lipine lagatAM che. bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA 1921 pahelAM lagabhaga I. pU. 500 sudhI darzAvI zakAtI, jyAre haDappIya sabhyatAnA avazeSeAmAM maLatI abhilikhita mudrAnI zodha pachI e have I. pU.2500 sudhI darzAvI zakAya che. prAcIna aitihAsika kAlamAM bhAratamAM e lipi vaparAtI - uttarapazcima bhAgamAM kharAkhI ane bAkInA badhA bhAgamAM brAhmI. kharAbdI lipi thADA zatakAmAM lupta thaI, jyAre brAhmI lipi dezanA judA judA bhAgamAM judI judI rIte kramika parivartana pAmI vartamAna bhAratIya liSi rUpe adyaparyaMta cAlu rahI che. mauya kAlIna brAhmI lipimAMthI A vamAna lipi kevI rIte vyutpanna thaI che te prAcIna lipividyAnAM pustakAmAM vigate darzAvAyu che; ahIM ( For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #9
mAtra devanAgarI tathA gujarAtI lipinA kramika vikAsanAM kASThaka ApavAmAM { AvyAM che. bhAratamAM AlI bIjI aneka lipio pracalita che. drAviDa kulanI ( bhASAo mATe prayojAtI lipio (tamiLa, telugu, kAnaDI vagere) paNa brAhmI lipino ja parivAra che. brAhmI lipinI utpattine mATe bhinnabhinna mata pravarte che. haDappIya lipinI zodhe enI utpatti bhAratamAM thaI hovAnA saMbhavane samarthana ApyuM che. padyabaddha lakhANomAM moTI saMkhyAo darzAvavA mATe zabdasaMketo ke akSarasaMketo prayojAtA, teno paNa ahIM paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. bhAratIya-muslima abhilekhavidyA e bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnuM eka mahattvanuM aMga che. emAM sulekhanakalAnI vividha zailIo vikasI hatI. abhilekhonA vAcanamAM pahelI jarUra paDe che e lekhanI lipionI jANakArInI ne e pachI e lekhonI bhASAonI jANakArInI. bhAratIya abhilekhomAM prAkRta-saMskRta, arabI-phArasI, gujarAtI-hiMdI-baMgALI-marAThI, tamiLa : telugu, phrenca-aMgrejI jevI aneka vividha bhASAo prayojAI che (prakaraNa 7). abhilekho kotaravA mATe je vividha padArtha vaparAya che temAM zilA ane dhAtu sahuthI vadhu upayogI nIvaDayAM che (prakaraNa 8). graMthalekhananI jema abhilekhana mATe paNa prAcIna kALamAM keTalIka paddhatio pracalita hatI (prakaraNa 9). bhAratIya abhilekhonA viSayanA darabAra mukhya prakAra paDe che. temAM dAnazAsano, pUrtanirmANalekho ane pratimAlekhe sahuthI vadhu saMkhyA dharAve che. sikkAle paNa rAjakIya itihAsanA anveSaNamAM ghaNA upayogI nIvaDe che (prakaraNa 10). kAlagaNanA e itihAsanI karoDarajaju che ne samayanirdeza e abhilekhanuM eka mahattvanuM aMga che. AthI bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA mATe bhAratamAM kayA kayA saMvata pracalita hatA ne tenA varSa mAsa pakSa tithi vagere kema gaNAtAM enI jANa kArI anivArya che. ahIM A mAhitI prakaraNa 11-13 mAM ApavAmAM AvI che. bhAratIya abhilekho aneka graMtha roke teTalI moTI saMkhyA dharAve che. ahIM namUnA tarIke keTalAka mahattvanA prAkRta tathA saMskRta abhilekhone mULa pATha tathA gujarAtI anuvAda ApIne ItihAsa ane saMskRtinA sAdhana tarIke enuM vivaraNa karavAmAM AvyuM che (prakaraNa 14-17). emAM zilAlekha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #10
uparAMta tAmrapatra-lekhono paNa samAveza karavAmAM AvyuM che. emAM azaka, samudragupta ane harSa jevA suprasiddha bhAratIya rAjAonA lekho paNa che temaja khAravela, rudradAmA. dharasena bAlAditya ane siddharAja jayasiMha jevA prAdezika rAjAonA lekho paNa che. AvA DAka abhilekhAnA cakkasa namUnAo parathI abhilekhonI upayogitAne nakkara khyAla Avaze. AthI bhAratIya abhilekho rAjakIya ItihAsa, rAjyataMtra, bhUgoLa kAlagaNanA, dharma, bhASA, lipi, sAhitya, sAmAjika sthiti, Arthika sthiti, vAstukalA, zilpakalA ityAdine lagatI mAhitInA sAdhana tarIke bhAratanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsanA anveSaNamAM kevuM mahattva dharAve che te have saheje phuTa thAya che (prakaraNa 18). abhilekhanuM anveSaNa, vAcana saMcAlana ane prakAzana kevI rIte thAya che ne enuM saMrakSaNa keTaluM jarUrI che e A graMthanA aMtima prakaraNamAM darzAvAyuM che. prakaraNanI aMdara AvelA lipine lagatA Alekho tathA graMthanA aMte ApelA abhilekhonA phoTogrApha te te viSaya samajavAmAM madadagAra nIvaDaze. anukramaNikAmanI vigata viSayasUcinI garaja sAre che. vizeSa nAmonI zabdasUci graMthanA aMte ApI che. zAstrIya viSayanA ziSya graMthomAM AvI sUcio anivArya gaNAya. | gujarAtI bhASAmAM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vize graMtha lakhAya ane prakAzita thAya enI jarUra ghaNAM varSothI rahI hatI. yunivarsiTI graMtha nirmANa boDe A viSaya para pustaka taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karavAnuM karyuM te mATe huM A graMthanA lekhaka tarIke temaja A viSayanA adhyApaka tarIke e beDane tathA khAsa karIne enA adhyakSa zrI IzvarabhAI paTelano ghaNo AbhAra mAnuM chuM. graMthanA surekha mudraNa mATe zrI indubhAI zAhe rAkhelI kALajInI paNa kRtajJatApUrvaka noMdha lauM chuM. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAne lagato A graMtha bhAratIya itihAsa, sAhitya ane saMskRtinA abhyAsIone upayogI nIvaDaze evI AzA rAkhuM chuM. suvAsa", 192, AjhAda sosAyaTI amadAvAda, 3800 5 hariprasAda gaM. zAstrI vijayAdazamI, vi. saM. 2029; tA. 6-10-1973 6 a For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #11

Page #12
anukramaNikA 1-13 1 prAstAvika abhilekha eTale zuM ? abhilekhavidyA bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnAM pagaraNa bhAratIya abhilekhonuM prakAzana bhAratIya abhilekhavidamAM apekSita jANakArI 2. bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA ane abhilekhonI prAcIna lipio 14-30 bhAratIya anuzruti bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA prAcIna lipionA ukelane vRttAMta uttarakAlIna brAhmI lipi pUrvakAlIna brAhmI lipi khareDI lipi haDappIya sabhyatAnI lipi nAmAbhidhAna 3. khareSThI lipi 31-39 nAma vistAra ane kAla lakSaNa utpatti varNamAlA aMkacihno For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #13
4. brAhmI lipi 40-63 utpatti videzI utpatti dezI utpatti virNamAlA aMkacihno prAcIna zelI navIna zailI saMkhyAsUcaka zabdasaMketo saMkhyAsUcaka akSarasaketo 57 5. brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara ane vartamAna prAdezika lipio 64-91 prAcIna brAhmI lipi mULAkSare svaramAtrAo saMyuktAkSara anya cihno prAdezika brAhmI lipio lagabhaga I. sa. 50 thI I. sa. 400 nuM lipisvarUpa Agha-prAdezika lipio vartamAna prAdezika lipio nAgarI lipi gujarAtI lipi 78 moDI lipi 82 zAradA lipi TAkarI lipi 8 3 gurumukhI lipi 84 kethI lipi baMgALI lipi 66 ra 73 83 85 85 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #14
86 87 87. maithilI lipi uDiyA lipi telugu lipi kAnaDI lipi graMtha lipi 87 malayALama lipi tuLu lipi tamiLa lipi 6. bhAratIya-muslima lipio ane sulekhana-zailIo 92-27 arabI lipi phArasI lipi urdU lipi kUphI zailI nakha zailI (4 yultha zailI tAlIka zailI nastAlIka zailI tugrA zailo 98-107 ka/ 7. abhilekhonI bhASAo prAkRta bhASA saMskRta bhASA tamiLa bhASA kAnaDI bhASA telugu bhASA malayALama bhASA tuLa bhASA marAThI bhASA hiMdI bhASA gujarAtI bhASA 101 101 101 - 102 102 10 3 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #15
kAzmIrI bhASA AriyA bhASA aMgALI bhASA mathilI bhASA AsAmI bhASA arakhI bhASA phArasI bhASA yuropIya bhASAe eziyAI bhASA 8. abhilekhananI sAmagrI. lekhanasAmagrI abhilekhana-sAmagrI zilA mATI keTalAka itara padArthoM dhAtu tAmrapatra 9. abhilekhananI paddhati lekhaka lahiyA salATa ane ka MsArA lekhana-paddhati abhilekhana-paddhati moMgalazabdo ane maMgalacihno suzAbhana saMkSipta rUpA sudhArAvadhArA patrAMka mudrAMka 1. For Personal & Private Use Only 14 104 104 104 105 105 105 105 105 108-124 108 113 113 11} 116 117 118 125-136 125 127 127 128 129 130 132 132 133 133 134

Page #16
10. abhilekhanA viSaya 137-153 137 138 1 38 138 139 prAcIna prakAre mukhya viSaya vANijiyaka muddAo maMtrataMtrane lagatA abhilekho dhArmika anuzAsana rAjazAsana smAraka abhilekho dAnazAsana pUrtanirmANa lekho pratimAlekha prazastio sikkA lekhe mudrAMkalekho abhilikhita graMthe tathA subhASita 138 139 140 147 148 149 149 150 150 11. samayanirdezanI judIjudI paddhatio 154-166 rAjyakAlanAM varSa saLaMga saMvatanAM varSa cAMdra-saura varSa saMvatsara-cakra Rtuo bhAsa pakSa tithi 154 : 156 158 158 159 1pa0 161 vAra 162 -16 3 nakSatra vega "163 karaNa 163 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #17
12. abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata. 167-19 168 173 17 179 182 vikrama saMvata zaka saMvata kalacuri saMvata ke cedi saMvata gupta saMvata ane valabhI saMvata bAhaspatya saMvatsaracakra-60 varSanuM -12 varSanuM prahaparivRtti saMvatsaracakra kaliyuga saMvata buddhanirvANa saMvata vIranirvANu saMvata AguptAyika saMvata 18 3 185 185 186 186 187 192-221 182 193 193 195 17 13, abhilekhemAM prajAyelA saMvata (cAlu) gaMga ke gAMgeya saMvata aMzuvane saMvata harSa saMvata kalama saMvata bhauma-kara saMvata nevArI saMvata cAlukya-vikrama saMvata siMha saMvata lakSmaNusena saMvata vIra balAla saMvata balAlI sana ane paragaNAtI sana hijarI sana bhATika saMvata zAhura ke sUra sana phasalI sana | vilAyatI sana 18 200 201 201 201 203 203 204 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #18
amalI sana aMgALI sana tripurA sana magI sana mala sana mavalUdI sana jaratheAstI sana vaiSNu savata kUcabihAra sa Mvata ilAhI sana rAjyAbhiSeka saMvata IsavI sana rASTriya paMcAMga saMvatAnAM AraMbhava 14. mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha - azAkanA zailalekha na. 2 azokanA zailalekha na. 12 azAkane zailalekha na. 13 ja azokanA staMbhalekha naM. 2 bhAgabhadranA samayane esanagara garuDa sta'bhalekha khAravelanA hAthIguphA guphAlekha haviSkane mathurA zilAlekha gautamIputra zAtakanA nAsika guphAlekha, varSa 18 6 0 15. keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha rudradAmA 1 lAnA jUnAgaDha zailalekha ) samudraguptanA alAhAbAda zilAsta bhalekha 0 caMdragupta 2 jAne mathurA staMbhalekha skraguptane jUnAgaDha zailalekha 0 bhAnuguptanA samayaneA eraNa zilAsta bhalekha kumAragupta 2 jAneA ke 3 jAneA bhitarI mudrAlekha 13 For Personal & Private Use Only 205 205 206 206 206 207 207 208 209 209 10 210 12 213 2220254 222 226 229 235 237 240 247 249 255-293 255 264 272 274 28 28

Page #19
294-320 248 300 310 3ra1-349 321 326 350-380 16. keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana harSanuM bAMsakheDA tAmrapatra dharasena 2 jAnuM vaLA tAmrapatra jayabhaTa 4 thAnuM kAvI tAmrapatra che. 17. solaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha caulukya jayasiMhadevanA samayano dAhoda zilAlekha che. tejapAlane Abu-delavADA zilAlekha 18. abhilekhanuM aitihAsika mahatva rAjakIya itihAsa rAjyataMtra bhaugolika ullekho kAlagaNanA ane samayAMkana dhama bhASA ane lipi sAhitya sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti vAstukalA ane zilpakalA bRhad bhArata UNapa ane maryAdAo arthaghaTana ane saMzodhana 19. saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNa anveSaNa vAcana saMpAdana prakAzana abhilekha-saMgraho abhilekha-sUcio saMrakSaNa 350 352 354 354 354 359 362 314 365 366 u70 376 381-389 381 382 382 385 385 386 386 14 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #20
390 vizeSa nAmanI zabdasUci paribhASika zabdasUci citrasUci pRSTha 37 48 pura 19Y AkRti 1. kharoSThI lipi AkRti 2. brAhmI lipi AkRti 3. aMkacihnonAM rUpAMtara AkRti 4. brAhmImAMthI nAgarI AkRti 5. svaramAtrAonAM rUpAMtara AkRti 6. nAgarI akSaromAM vaikalpika rUpa AkRti che. jena lipinA vilakSaNa akSara AkRti 8. gujarAtI akSaronuM ghaDatara AkRti 9. cAMdIno sikko AkRti 10. tAmrapaTTikA AkRti 11. valabhInuM tAmrazAsana AkRti 12. valabhInI rAjamudrA Alekha 1-4. saMvatonAM AraMbhavarSa 11cha. 118 119 121 214-215 | (graMthanA aMte) paTTa 1. mudrAo tathA mudrikAo paTTa 2. azokano giranAra zailalekha paTTa 3. zilA-samudgaka, devanI morI paTTa 4. valabhInA dAnazAsananuM lakhANa pada 5 a. kUphI zailIno namUno 5ka 5 A. nakha zailIno namUno paTTa 6 a. nastAlIka zailIne namUne 5 6 A. tugrA zailIne namUno For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #21
saM da rbha sUci (a) abhilekhasaMgraho ane abhilekhe Barua, B. M. (Ed.) Cunningham, A. (Ed.) Diskalkar D. B. (Ed.) Fleet, J. F. (F.d.) Old Brahmi Inscrpitions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, Calcutta, 1929 Corpus Inscripitionum Indicarum, Vol. I: Inscriptions of Asoka, Calcutta, 1877 Inscriptions of Kathiawad, pub. in New Indian Antiquary, Vols. 1-III, Bombay, 1934-1941 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III : Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings and their Successors, Calcutta, 1888 Important Inscriptions from the Baroda State, Baroda, 1943 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. I: Inscriptions of Asoka (rev. ed.), London, 1925 -South Indian Inscriptions, Vols. I-III, Madras, 1887-1921 Gadre, A. S. (Ed.) Hultzsch, E. (Ed.) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
Krishnamacharlu, C. R. Mirashi, V. V. (Ed.) Bombay-Karnataka Inscriptions, Madras, 1940 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. IV : Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era, Parts I-II, Ootacamund, 1955 - Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. V : Vakataka Inscriptions, Deihi, 1972 A Collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit Inscriptions, Bhava nagar, 1905 : Mysore Inscriptions, Mysore, 1879 South Indian Inscriptions, Vols. I-II, Madras, 1924-26 Historical Inscriptions of Southern India, Madras, 1932 Peteroon, P. (Ed.) Rice, Lewis (Ed.) Sastri, H. Krishna (Ed.) Sewell, Robert & Aiyangar S. K. (Ed.) Sircar D. C. (Ed.) Sten Konow (Ed.) Select Inscriptions Bearing on Indian History and Civilization, Vol. I, Calcutta, 1942 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. II, Part I : Kharoshthi Inscriptions, Calcutta, 1929 prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhAMkA adhyayana, faat, 9389 azokake abhilekha, vArANasI, saM. 2022 oraidal aldi Rais wl, Cu!?! 2-3, Houd, 1933-1942 grzypa, argaa (s.) qica, 2. . (.) 2412414", Gal. 9. (z.) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #23
gau. (saM.) AjhA, va. muni, jayaMta vijayajI (sa.) muni, jinavijayajI (sa.) muni, puNyavijayajI (sa.) muni, vidyAvijayajI (sa.) zAstrI, hariprasAda ga'. (saM.) Buhler, G. Dani Pandey, R. B. Rao, S. R. Upasak onnA, gau. dI. bhAvanagara prAcInoAdhasaMgraha, bhAvanagara, 1887 Am, bhAga 2 : aNu daprAcInajainalekhasa dAha, ujjaina, sa'. 1994 AyU, bhAga 5 : anudAcalapradakSiNAjaina- lekhasaMdeha, bhAvanagara, sa. 2005 prAcInajainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1-2, bhAvanagara, 1917-21 'puNyazrleAka mahAmAtya vastupAlanA aprasiddha zilAlekhA tathA prazastilekheA,'mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa jayaMtI aMka, muMbaI, 1968 prAcInalekhasa Mgraha, bhAga 1, bhAvanagara, 1929 aDAlajanI vAvanA zilAlekha,' buddhiprakAza, pu. 104, amadAvAda, 1957 (A) prAcInalipividyA Indian Paleography, Bombay, 1904 Indian Paleography, London, 1963 Indian Paleography, Vol. I, Varanasi, 1957 Illustrated Weekly of Bombay, December 12, 1971 India, History and Paleography of the Mauryan Brahmi Script, Patna, 1960 bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, tIsarA saMskaraNa, dillI, 1959 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #24
nAgarI aGka aura akSara, prayAga, zaMka 1881 honnA, na. TI. kora mitra, ke. ke. desAI, jhi. a. parIkha, pra. ci. "islAmI sulekhanakalA" kumAra, aMka 573, amadAvAda, 1971 gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhIno lipivikAsa (aprasiddha mahAnibaMdha), amadAvAda, 1966 (I) abhilekhavidyA Sircar, D. C. zAstrI, hariprasAda gaM. Indian Epigraphy, Delhi, 1965 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA : eka rUparekhA, amadAvAda, 1970 (I) abhilekha-sUcio Bhandarkar, D. R. Kielhorn, F. List of Inscriptions of Northern India (publishid in Epigraphia Indica, Vols. XIX-XXIII ), Delhi, 1927-1936 List of Inscriptions of Northern India (published in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. V), Calcutta, 1898- 1899 List of Inscriptions of Southern India (published in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. VII), Calcutta, 1902-1903 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #25
Luders, H. Rangacharya AcArya, na. A. trivedI, I. vi. List of Brahmi Inscriptions (pub lished in Epigraphia Indica, Vol. X), Calcutta, I912 Inscriptions of the Madras Presi dency, Vols. I-III, Madras, 1919 gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbha sUci, khaMDa 3H pratimAlekho (I. sa. 1300 sudhI), amadAvAda, 1966 gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 4 : zilAlekho (I.sa. 1301-1760) ane khaMDa 5: pratimAlekha (I. sa. 1301-1700), amadAvAda, 1969 gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 6 : arabI phArasI zilAlekho, amadAvAda, 1972 gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 2 : abhi lekho (I. sa. 1300 sudhI), amadAvAda, 1962 desAI jhi. a. parIkha, pra. ci. (u) itihAsa ane purAtattva Barnet Archaeology in India, Delhi, 1950 Antiquities of India, London, 1964 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Pt. 1, Bombay, 1896 Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII, Bombay, 1884 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
Heras Kane, P. V. Majumdar, A. K. Majumdar, R. C. (Ed). Mehta, R. N. Mehta, R. N. & Chowdhary, S. N. Mirashi, V. V. Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterra nean Culture History of Dharmasastra, Vol II, Poona, 1941 Chaulukyas of Gujarat, Bombay, 1956 The Age of Imperial Unity, Bombay, 1953 -The Clasical Age, Bombay, 1954 "Sudarsana Lake," J. O. I., Vol. XVIII, Baroda, 1968 Excavation at Devnimori, Baroda, 1966 Studies in Indology, Vol. II, Nagpur, 1960 Ancient Indian Historical Tradi tion, London, 1922 Indian Chronology, Madras, 1911 Alberuni's India, London, 1914 Akota Bronzes, Bombay, 1959 Introduction, Kalhana's Rajataran gini, Delhi, 1961 The Chronological Systems of Gujarat (Unpublished Thesis), Ahmedabad, 1968 Pargiter Pillai, L. D. S. Sachau Shah, U.P. Stein, M. A. Thaker B. K. 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #27
Tod, James Travels in Western India, London, 1839 vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, jAlora, saM. 1987 muni, kalyANavijayajI jeTa, ranamaNirAva bhI. gujarAtane sAMskRtika ItihAsa : IslAmayuga, khaMDa 1, amadAvAda, 1968 dIkSIta. zaM. bhA. bhAratIya jyotiSazAstra (guja. anu.), khaMDa 1, - amadAvAda, 1972 nAyaka, 2. che. gujarAtI para arabI-phArasInI asara, bhAga 1, amadAvAda, 1965 parIkha, 2. che. ane zAstrI gujarAtane rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsa, ha. . (saM.) graMtha 2 : mauryakAlathI guptakAla, amadAvAda, 1972 bhAMDArakara, de. rA. azokacarita (guja. anu.), amadAvAda, 1927 AbU, bhAga 1, bhAvanagara, 1934 muni, jayaMtavijayajI muni, jinavijayajI muni, puNayavijayajI vaidya, bApAlAla ga. "purAtattva saMzodhanane pUrva ItihAsa, AryavidyA vyAkhyAnamALA, amadAvAda, 1922 bhAratIya jena zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA." jainacitrakalpadruma, amadAvAda, 1936 saMskRta sAhityamAM vanaspati, amadAvAda, 1953 gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta ItihAsa, zodhita vardhita AvRtti, amadAvAda, 1953 gujarAtI bhASAne ItihAsa (cethI AvRtti), amadAvAda, 1926 zAstrI, du. ke. zAstrI vrajalAla kAlidAsa 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #28
zAstrI, hariprasAda gaMgAzaMkara gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsa, amadAvAda, 1964 - nezanala kelenDara', akhaMDa AnaMda, pu. 10, amadAvAda, 1957 -maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 1-2, rAmadAvAda, 1955 -haDapA ne mohejeDA, amadAvAda, 1952 sAMDesarA bho. ja mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM teno phALe, amadAvAda, 1957 (u) saMskRta graMthe pANini upAdhyAthI, dilhI, 1962 mAvajata, muMbaI, 1936 manusmRti, vArANasI, 1970 maDhImArata, zAntiparva, pUnA, 1966 kTivitara, darabhaMgA, 1958 daitvapaddhati, vaDodarA, 192pa rasaMhitA, ma. 1-2. kAzI, 1891 jhAlA , amadAvAda, 1964 varAhamihira vinayacandrasUri For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
saMkSepasUci B. G. C. 1 . E. . IA Ibid. TE IP J. G. R. S. J. 9. I. J. R. A. S. Bombay Gazetteer Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Epigraphia Indica Indian Antiquary Ibidem (ejana). Indian Epigraphy Indian Paleography Journal of Gujarat Research So. ciety Journal of the Oriental institute Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Opere citato (uparyukta) Select Inscriptions by D. C. Sircar Select Inscriptions by D. C. Sircar prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhekA adhyayana (le. bAsudeva havAya). bhAratIya mistra (se. . . ujJA ) gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho (saM. gi, va. AcArya) phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA buddhiprakAza maitrakakAlIna gujarAta (le. ha. gaM. zAstrI) op. cit. S. I. Sel. Ins. 17. ma. 3. 35. mAprAli gu. a. le. phA. gu. sabhA bu pra. mi. gu. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
daratIya abhilekhavidyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31

Page #32
prAstAvika abhilekha eTale zuM ? abhilekha eTale koI padArtha para kotareluM lakhANa. AvAM lakhANa sAmAnya rIte zilA para kotarelAM hoya che, tethI ene "zilAlekha" kahevAmAM Ave che. paraMtu keTalAMka lakhANa tAmrapatro ane dhAtupratimAo jevA bIjA padArtho para kotarelAM hoya che, tene "zilAlekha" kahevAya nahi. kotarelA lekha mATe gujarAtInAM pahelAM "utkIrNa lekha' zabda prayojAtA, paraMtu have hiMdImAM tema ja gujarAtImAM "abhilekha" evo pAribhASika zabda pracalita thayuM che. A zabda sarva prakAranA padArtho para kotarelAM lakhANone lAgu paDe che. zilAlekha e abhilekhane eka ghaNo pracalita prakAra che. zilAlekha eTale zilA (paththara) para kotareluM lakhANa. bhAratamAM tema ja anya dezomAM ghaNA abhilekha zilA para kotarelA hoya che. maMdiro, masjido, vAvo vagere ImAratomAM paththaranI takatI para kotarelA lekha jovA maLe che. hAla paNa vidyAlaya, graMthAla, rAlaye, smArako vagere sArvajanika imAratomAM lakhANa kotarelI takatI mUkavAmAM Ave che. agAu kyAreka parvatanI moTI moTI zilA jene khaDaka ke zila kahevAmAM Ave che, tenA para lekha kotarAtA. ene "khaDaka lekha" ke "zalAlekha" kahe che. DuMgaramAM kecelI guphAnI dIvAla para kotarelA lekhane guphA-lekha" kahe che. paththaranA staMbha para kotarelA lekhane "zilAtaMbha lekha" kahevAmAM Ave che. paththaranI UbhI lATa para koInA maraNane lagato lekha kotaryo hoya che tene "pALiya" kahe che. A badhA abhilekha zilAlekhanA prakAra che. keTalIka vAra mATInA padArtho para, te cheDA bhInA hoya tyAre, lekha kotaravAmAM Ave che ne sukAyA pachI tene ghaNI vAra pakavavAmAM Ave che. iTa bhA. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA para kotarelA lekhane "ISTikolekha" kahe che. mATInA vAsaNa para kotarelA lakhANane "mRtpAtra lekha" ke "mRdbhAska lekha' kahe che. lAkaDuM, zaMkha, chIpa, hAthIdAMta vagere itara padArtha para kotarelA lakhANane te te padArthanA nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. bhUmidAnane lagatAM rAjazAsana tAMbAnA patarAM para kotaravAmAM AvatAM. A prakAranA abhilekha "tAmrapatra" tarIke oLakhAya che. kyAreka sonAnAM ke cAMdInAM patarAM para dhArmika lakhANa kotarAtuM. ene anukrame "suvarNapatra" ke "rajapatra" kahe che. lokhaMDanA staMbha para kotarelA lekhane "leha-staMbha lekha" kahe che. ojAra, hathiyAro, vAsaNo vagere padArtho para paNa kyAreka lakhANa karavAmAM Ave che, khAsa karIne te te padArthanA dAtA ke mAlikanA nAmane lagatuM. - pASANa ke dhAtunI pratimAnI besaNI ke pITha para kotarelA lakhANane pratimA lekha" kahevAmAM Ave che. koI vAra pASANa ke dhAtunA dAbaDAmAM ke peTImAM koI videha vyaktinA dehAvazeSa (dhAtu) rAkhyA hoya che ne enA para ene lagatuM lakhANa kotaryuM hoya che. dAbaDA paranA lakhANane "samuka lekha" ane peTI paranA lakhANane "maMjUSA lekha" kahe che. Ama padArthanA dravya tathA AkAra pramANe abhilekho judA judA nAme oLakhAya che. sikkAo tathA mudrAMko para je lakhANa jovAmAM Ave che te kharI rIte 'katarelAM" hotAM nathI, paraMtu bIbAnI chApa lagAvIne upasAvelAM hoya che. alabatta e bIbAmAM e lakhANanA akSara UlaTA mareDamAM katarelA hoya che. mudrAMka mATInAM, selakhaDInAM, hAthIdAMtanAM ke dhAtunAM hoya che; sikkA cAMdI, tAMbu, sonuM, sIsuM vagere dhAtuonA hoya che. chatAM sikkAo tathA mudrAMka para aMkita karelAM lakhANone paNa abhilekha gaNavAmAM Ave che.1 keTalIka vAra, khAsa karIne arabI, phArasI abhilekhomAM akSarone kotaravAne badale enI AsapAsanA bhAgane kotarI kADhIne akSarane upasAvelA rAkhavAmAM Ave che. chatAM A lekhane paNa abhilekha gaNavAmAM Ave che. guphAonI dIvAla para cItarelA lakhANane tathA lAkaDAnI paTTI para zAhIthI lakhelA lakhANane paNuM, kotarelAM na hovA chatAM, abhilekha gaNavAmAM Ave che3 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #34
prAstAvika abhilekhavidyA abhilekhano udeza amuka vyakti ke vRttAMtane lagatI hakIkata TakAu padArtha para kotarIne enI kAyamI noMdha rAkhavAno hoya che. AthI e lakhANa te te vyakti ke vRttAMtanA ItihAsa mATe mahattvanuM samakAlIna sAdhana banI rahe che. emAM te te kAlanI vyakti ke ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa te te kAlanA lekhake kareluM hoI temAMnI ghaNI hakIkta zraddheya hoya che. alabatta, e nirUpaNa kAvyamaya ke prazasyAmaka hoya to temAM kalpanA tathA atizayokti hoya che. chatAM anukAlIna anukRtionI sarakhAmaNIe e samakAlIna lakhANo tarIke vizeSa mahattva dharAve che. AthI koI paNa deza ke pradezanA itihAsa mATe ene lagatA tamAma upalabdha abhilekhono upayoga karavo ghaNo Avazyaka, lagabhaga anivArya che. AthI abhilekhone paddhatisara abhyAsa karavAnI vidyA khIlI che. ene "abhilekhavidyA" ( epigraphy)* kahe che. abhilekha te te samayanI pracalita lipimAM kotarelA hoI tema ja lipimAM samaya jatAM parivartana thatuM rahetuM hoI, prAcIna abhilekho vAMcavA mATe te te samayanA lipimareDathI mAhitagAra thavuM paDe che. lekha jema vadhAre prAcIna, tema tenI lipi vadhAre vilakSaNa lAge che. ati prAcIna lipino maroDa enA arvAcIna maroDa karatAM eTalo badhe badalAI gayuM hoya che ke e jANe koI cheka ajANI lipi na hoya evo bhAsa thAya che. e lipinA kramika vikAsanA paricaya vinA e ati prAcIna lipimaroDa avAcya banI rahe che. kyAreka kaI lakhANu be lipiomAM karAyuM hoya ne emAMnI eka lipi jJAta hoya to e jJAta lipi parathI bIjI ajJAta lipi ukelI zakAya che. prAcIna lipinAM uttarakAlIna svarUpa upalabdha hoya to e parathI enAM pUrvakAlIna svarUpa oLakhI zakAya che. AthI prAcIna abhilekho vAMcavA mATe sahu pahelAM tenI prAcIna lipine tathA tenA te te kAlanA maroDono paricaya hovo anivArya che. prAcIna lipionA abhyAsanI ya vidyA khIlI che. ene "prAcInalipividyA" (paleography) kahe che. te te deza ke pradezanI te te kAlanI lipi jANI, e lipimAM kotarelA abhilekha vAMcavA e abhilekhavidyAnuM paheluM pagathiyuM che. lipinA jJAna vinA abhilekha vAMcI zakAya nahi; ane e vAMcI zakAya nahi tyAM sudhI emAM nedhelI hakIkata jANI zakAya nahi. prAcInalipividyA prAcIna abhilekho uparAMta prAcIna hastalikhita graMthe tathA lakhANo vAMcavA mATe paNa upayogI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
bhAstIya abhilekhavidyA abhilekhonA abhyAsa mATe te te samayanI lipinI jema te te samayanI bhASAnuM jJAna paNa anivArya che. abhilekho sAmAnya rIte te te kAlanI praziSTa bhASAmAM lakhAtAM hoI A bhASAono paricaya meLavavo pramANamAM sahele che. bhASAnA paricayamAM vyAkaraNa ane zabdabhaMDoLa uparAMta keTalIka vAra chaMdonA jJAnanI paNa jarUra paDe che. lipi tathA bhASAnA paricaya dvArA abhilekhane vAMcIne ene pATha taiyAra karavAmAM Ave che. A pATha hAlanI lipimAM enuM livyaMtara (transliteration) karIne mULa bhASAmAM ApavAmAM Ave che, sAthe sAthe enuM bhASAMtara ke eno sAra paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. vaLI mULa abhilekhanI chApa ke chabI paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. mULa abhilekhanI bhASA tathA lipi parathI te te kAlanI pracalita bhASA tathA lipi jANavA maLe che. paraMtu ItihAsa-saMzodhana mATe kharI upayogitA to e abhilekhanI aMdara noMdhelI hakIkatanI hoya che. abhilekhamAM moTe bhAge te te kAlanA rAjAne tathA te te samayano nirdeza Avato hoya che. A parathI te te kAlanA rAjakIya itihAsa tathA tenI sAlavArI mATe upayogI mAhitI maLe che. vaLI emAM AvelI bIjI vividha hakIkata parathI te te kAlanA dhama, samAja, artha, rAjyataMtra, sthApatya, zilpa ityAdi aneka sAMskRtika bAbato vize paNa upayogI mAhitI tAravI zakAya che. prAcIna abhilekhomAM jaNAvelA rAjAo, sthaLo, varSo vagereno nirNaya kare e abhilekhonA arthaghaTananuM mahattvanuM aMga che. rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika itihAsanA anaveSaNa, saMzodhana ane nirUpaNa mATe Ama abhilekhavidyA eka mahattvanuM sAdhana nIvaDe che; ne vAcana ane arthaghaTana e A vidyAnAM be mukhya pAsAM che. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnAM pagaraNa aitihAsika carito ke vRttAMta nirUpanAra prAcIna lekhako pitAnI najIkanA bhUtakALanA abhilekho vAMcI emAMnI hakIkatane lAbha letA haze, paraMtu vadhu prAcIna abhilekhonA lipimaroDanI jANakArI lupta thatI jatI hatI. arvAcIna paMDito tathA lahiyAo vadhumAM vadhu sAtamI sadI sudhInAM jUnAM lakhANa mahAmahenate vAMcI zakatA, paraMtu enI pahelAMnAM lakhANanA maroDa ukelI zakAtA nahi. I. sa. 1356mAM dilhInA sulatAna phirojhazAha taghalakhe ToparA( ji. aMbAlA, pUrva paMjAba)mAMthI eka jUno zilAtaMbha ghaNI jahematathI khaseDAvI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #36
prAstAvika dilhImAM "phIrojhazAha koTalA'mAM ane meraTha (uttara pradeza)mAMthI evo eka bIje zilAtaMbha khaseDAvI dilhImAM "kuzka zikAra" pAse UbhuM karAvelo. A baMne staMbha para lekha kotarelA che. e lekhamAM AvelI hakIkata jANavA mATe sulatAne ghaNA paMDitone ekaThA karyA. paNa atiprAcIna lipimAM kotarAyelA e lekha koI paMDitathI vAMcI zakAyA nahi. soLamI sadImAM mughala bAdazAha akabare paNa e lekhomAMnI hakIkata jANavA koziza karelI, paraMtu enA samayanA kaI paMDita enI e jijJAsAne pAra pADI zakyA nahi. prAcIna lipi-maroDonI jANakArI lupta thatAM jUnA zilAlekho tathA tAmrapatra-lekho lokone mana rahasyamaya banI jAya che ne ethI teo emAMnAM lakhANo vize jAtajAtanA tarkavitarka karatA thAya che. koI ene siddhidAyaka yaMtra dhArI le che, koI ene devI maMtra mAnI le che, to koI ene jamInamAM dATelA gupta khajAnAnI gUDha noMdha samajI le che! dilhInA pelA be zilArtAbhone loko bhImanI gadA mAnatA ne enA para kotarelA lekhomAM zrIkRSNa pAMDavone ApelI gupta sUcanAo paizAcI bhASAmAM lakhAyelI hovAnuM dhAratA ! A ajJAna ane upekSAne laIne bhAratanA aneka prAcIna abhilekha tathA hastalikhita graMthonI amUlya sAmagrI naSTa thatI thaI. I. sa. 1757-1774 daramyAna aMgrejonI isTa inDiyA kaMpanIe bhAratamAM vahIvaTI tathA rAjakIya adhikAra prApta karavA mAMDyA tyAre teone ahIMnA vartamAna rItarivAjonI pazcAdbhumirUpe bhAratanAM prAcIna dharmazAstra jANavAnI jarUra paDI. e dharmazAstra saMskRta bhASAmAM hatAM ne bhAratanA rUDhicusta paMDito yuropIne "blecha" gaNI teone gIrvANa-bhASA zIkhavavA taiyAra nahotA ! chatAM cArlsa viliyama vikinsa ane sara viliyama jonsa jevA aMgreja adhikArIoe paMDitone rIjhavIne temanA mijAjane anukULa thaIne saMskRta jevI prAcIna kaThina bhASAnuM jJAna prApta karyuM. pachI teoe "manusmRti" ane "abhijJAnazAkuntala' jevI saMskRta kRtionA aMgrejI anuvAda karI prakAzita karyA ne e prakAzanoe yuropIya vidvAnomAM bhAratIya prAcIna saMskRti tathA sabhyatA vize ghaNI jijJAsA utpanna karI. pariNAme gavarnara-janarala vorana hesTiMgsanA protsAhanathI sara viliyama jese eziyAnAM ItihAsa, purAtattva, kalA, vijJAna ane sAhityanI zodhakhoLa karavA mATe 1784mAM kalakattAmAM "eziyATika sosAyaTI" nAme saMsthA sthApI. pazcimanA tathA bhAratanA vidvAne A saMsthAnA upakrame potapotAnI ruci anusAra bhinna bhinna vipayAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #37
6 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA anveSaNa karI nibaMdha rajU karavA lAgyA. e lekhA 1788mAM Asiatic Researches graMthamALAmAM pragaTa thavA lAgyA. 1781mAM cArlsa vilkinse meAMghIra( bihAra )mAMthI maLeluM baMgALAnA pAla vaMzanA rAjA devapAla(9mI sadI )nuM tAmrapatra vAMceluM. e pachI 1785mAM vikinse ( pUrva ) baMgALAnA dInAjapura jillAnA bahAla gAma pAsenA staMbha para kAtarAyelA pAla vaMzanA rAjA nArAyaNapAla(9mI sadI)ne lekha vAMcyA tema ja paDita rAdhAkAMta zarmAe dilhInA TAparAvALA staMbha para ketarAyelA lekhA paikI ajameranA cauhANa rAjA vIsaladeva( 12mI sadI)nA traNa lekha vAMcyA. A badhA lekha Asiatic ResearchesnA graMtha 1 (1788 )mAM prakAzita thayA. arvAcIna kAlamAM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnAM pagaraNa tyAre thayAM gaNAya. A abhilekha navamI sadI sudhInA hatA, tethI e theADA dhaNA prayatne vAMcI zakAtA. paraMtu e pahelAMnA lekhAnI lipinA mareDa vadhAre judA hAI e barAbara vAMcI zakAtA nahi. aneka vidvAne e jUnI vaNa mAlA ukelavA prayatnazIla rahyA. Akhare 1834-09 daramyAna bhAratanA prAcIna abhilekhAnI lipie ukelavAnA prayatna saphaLa thayA. pahelAM guptakAla( 4thI-6ThThI sadI)nI va mAlA baMdha beThI. e pachI cheka azeka mauyanA samaya (I. pU. 37 sadI ) sudhInI vadhu prAcIna varNamAlAnA paNa ukela AvyeA. prAcInakAlamAM A lipi brAhmI' nAme eLakhAtI. e samaye uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM vaLI eka bIjI lipi vaparAtI, jemAM lakhANanI lITIe jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju lakhAtI. TraeNlipika abhilekheAnA tulanAtmaka abhyAsa parathI Akhare e lipinI va mAlA paNa baMdha besADI zakAI. e lipi khareAchI 'nAme oLakhAtI. prAcIna aitihAsika kAlanI sava lipionA ukela dvArA Ama bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnuM maMDANa thayuM. ( atyAra sudhI purAtattvanuM badhuM anveSaNa vidvAneA peAtAnA aMgata zAkhathI karatA. IsTa inDiyA ka MpanInI sarakAra taraphathI e mATe koI khAsa prabaMdha karavAmAM AvyA nahotA. 1858mAM briTiza tAjanuM rAjya sthapAtAM hiMdanA prathama vAIsaraoNya leADa kenige hiMdanAM prAcIna smArakAnI samIkSA mATe Archaeological Survey of India nAme kAmacalAu khAtuM khAlavAnu majUra kayu ne e viSayamAM UDe rasa dharAvatA ijanera kanala kani Mgahamane ' For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
prAstAvika e khAtAnA niyAmaka nImyA (1862). 1866mAM A kAmagIrI baMdha karavAmAM AvI. 1870mAM vAIsaroya lorDa mee kaniMgahamane A khAtAnA vaDA niyAmaka nImI traNa madadanIzone paNa prabaMdha karyo. 1872mAM Indian Antiquary nAme sAmayika zarU thayuM, jemAM purAtattvanA vividha viSaye vize lekha prakAzita thavA lAgyA. zarUAtamAM Archaeological Survey of India nI pravRtti uttara bhArata pUratI maryAdita hatI. 1874mAM pazcima tathA dakSiNa bhArata mATe Do. baje sanI nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI. e varSe bajese dakSiNa bhAratIya prAcInalipividyA vize pustaka prakAzita karyuM. 1877mAM kaniMgahame bhAratIya abhilekhonA saMgrahanA graMtha 1 tarIke azokanA abhilekhone saMgraha bahAra pADyo. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnuM A eka noMdhapAtra prasthAna gaNAya. 1883mAM saMskRta, pAli ane dakSiNa bhAratanI bhASAonA abhilekhonA saMpAdana tathA anuvAda mATe abhilekhavida( Epigraphist)ne khAsa prabaMdha karavAmAM Avyo. A jagyAe phUlITane nImavAmAM AvyA. 1888mAM bajese bhAratIya abhilekha mATe Epigraphia Indica nAme khAsa sAmayika zarU karyuM, je adyaparyata cAlu che. madrAsa sarakAre dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhonA saMzodhana mATe Do. huzanI nimaNUka karIne enuM niyamita prakAzana karAvavA mAMDyuM. AgaLa jatAM Archaeological Survey of India taraphathI bhAratanA muslima abhilekho mATe khAsa abhilekhavidanI jagyA umeravAmAM AvI ne Epigraphia Indo-Moslemic tit Palais 21465 $16917 AvyuM. hAla ene Epigraphia Indica : Arabic and Persian Supplement tarIke prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che. daramyAna bhAratamAM saMkhyAbaMdha abhilekha zodhAyA, vaMcAyA ne sAmayikomAM prakAzita thayA. abhilekhonA bIjA keTalAka saMgraha paNa bahAra paDyA. abhilekhonI saMdarbha sUcio paNa taiyAra karAI prakAzita karAI. 1894mAM paM. gaurIzaMkara ojhAe hiMdImAM prAcIna TipikATA bahAra pADI ane e pachI 1895mAM Do. gUlare jarmana bhASAmAM Indische Palaeographie prasiddha karyuM. tyArathI bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnAM keTalAMka pustaka paNa prakAzita thayAM che. Do. mUlare potAnA jarmana pustakano karelo aMgrejI anuvAda 1904mAM Indian AntiquarymAM pariziSTarUpe prasiddha thayuM. 1918mAM paM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #39
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ojhAnA pustakanI sudhArAvadhArA sAthenI AvRtti bahAra paDI. 19paramAM Do. rA. ba. pAMDeyanA Indian Paleographyne bhAga 1lo prakAzita thaye, che paraMtu koikone lagato bhAga je aprakAzita rahyo. 1963mAM Do. dAnInuM Indian Paleography prakAzita thayuM. Ama 1781mAM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnAM pagaraNa thayelAM ne 1834-39 daramyAna prAcIna lipionA ukela dvArA ane 1883mAM bhAratIya purAvastu sarvekSaNamAM abhilekhavidanA prabaMdha dvArA e vidyAno vikAsa thayo. vIsamI sadImAM to saMkhyAbaMdha abhilekhonA tathA abhilekhasaMgrahonA prakAzana dvArA bhAratIya itihAsanA saMzodhanamAM ghaNI vipula tathA mahattvanI mAhitI prApta thatI rahI che. bhAratIya abhilekhanuM prakAzana prAcIna abhilekhanA saMpAdana tathA prakAzana mATe pahelAM e lekhanuM vartamAna lipimAM livyaMtara taiyAra karavAmAM Ave che. A lisvaMtara keTalIka vAra mULa abhilekhanA pratyakSa vAcana parathI karavAmAM Ave che, to keTalIka vAra enI chApa ke chabI parathI karavAmAM Ave che. livyaMtaranA prakAzananI sAthe bane tyAM sudhI enI chApa ke chabI prakAzita karavI apekSita che, jethI enA abhyAsIo livyaMtaranA saMdigdha pAThone mULa lakhANa sAthe sarakhAvI zake te bane to koI akSaranA vAcana mATe vadhu egya pATha sUcavI zake. abhilekhanA zIrSakamAM aMgrejImAM sAmAnya rIte pahelAM enuM prAptisthAna ane / athavA sthitisthAna, pachI eno prakAra, pachI e lekha lakhAvanAra ke e samaye rAjya karatA rAjAnuM nAma maLatuM hoya to te ane chelle, emAM varSa ApeluM hoya to te jaNAvavAmAM Ave che, jemake Sarnath Pillar Edict of Asoka, Junnar Cave Inscription of the time of Nahapana - (Saka) Year 46, Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman I - ( saka ) Year 72, Allahabad StonePillar Incription of Samadragupta, Sanchi Stone Inscription of the time of Chandragupta II -- Gupta Year 93, Gondal Copper-Plate Inscription of Siladitya V-( Valabhi ) Year 403, Adalaj Step-well Inscription of the time of Mahmud Shah I (Begado)-V. S. 1555. gujarAtImAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #40
prAstAvika ene mATe AvAM zIrSaka lakhAyaH azokanuM sAranAtha staMbha zAsana, nahapAnanA samayane junnAra guphAlekha - (ka) varSa 46, rudradAma 1lAno jUnAgaDha zailalekha(zaka) varSa 72, samudraguptane alAhAbAda zilAtaMbha lekha, caMdragupta rajAnA samayano sAcI zilAlekha -gupta varSa 93, zIlAditya pamAne goMDala tAmrapatra lekha - (valabhI) varSa 403, mahamUdazAha 1lA(begaDA)nA samayane aDAlaja vApIlekha - vi. saM. 1555. ghaNIvAra lekha hAla enA mULa sthAne ja rahelo hoya che, paraMtu keTalIka vAra enuM sthAnAMtara thayuM hoya che. dAkhalA tarIke, dilhImAM azokano zilAstaMbha ToparA nA gAmamAMthI dilhImAM ANelo che. AthI ene dilhI-ToparA zilAstaMbha tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. tAmrapatro ghaNI vAra kaI gAmanI sImamAMthI maLyAM hoya che paNa hAla ene kaI myujhiyamamAM rAkhyAM hoya che. chatAM enA zIrSakamAM mAtra enuM prAptisthAna lakhAya che. paraMtu myujhiyamamAM rahelAM koI tAmrapatronuM mULa prAptisthAna ajJAta raheluM hoya, to tene tenA vartamAna sthitisthAnanA nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che, jemake Prince 0: Wales Museum Copper-Plate Inscription of Dadda III - (Kalachuri) Year 427 arthAta daH 3jAne prinsa oNpha velsa vu jhiyama tAmrapatra lekha-(kalacuri) varSa 4ra7. abhilekhanA prakAzanamAM mULa lekhanA livyaMtaranI pahelAM ene lagatI vividha mAhitI ApavAmAM Ave che. emAM pahelAM enA prAptisthAnanI (tathA enuM sthAnAMtara thayuM hoya to tenA vartamAna sthitisthAnanI) vigata apAya che. pachI abhilekhanA padArtha, AkAra, laMbAI, pahoLAI vagerenI vigata ApavAmAM Ave che. pachI enI lipino tathA enI bhASAno paricaya apAya che. lekhanazailInAM kaMI viziSTa lakSaNa hoya, to tenI tathA lekhana ane / athavA abhilekhanamAM kaMI kSatio ke azuddhio rahelI hoya to tenI paNa noMdha levAmAM Ave che. pachI abhilekhanA lakhANano sAra ApavAmAM Ave che. sAthe ke banatAM sudhI enI pachI, lekhamAM jaNAvelAM rAjakula, rAjavaMza, rAjA vagerenuM itihAsanAM paricita kula vaMza rAjA vagere sAthenuM abhijJAna darzAvavAmAM Ave che. ene vize A abhilekhamAM kaMI navI mAhitI maLatI hoya to te tarapha lakSa doravAmAM Ave che. abhilekhamAM jaNAvelAM sthaLonuM vartamAna sthaLo sAthe For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #41
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 10 abhijJAna maLatuM hoya te te darzAvavAmAM Ave che. tema ja abhilekhamAM va Apyu. hAya te! tenA nirdiSTa ke sa Mbhavita sa MvatanA AdhAre enI barAbaranuM IsvI sananuM varSa` temaja abhilekhamAM mitinI vigata ApI hAya tA tenI kharAkharanI IsvI sananI tArIkha darzAvavAmAM Ave che. A badhI vigate te te sthaLanA tathA te te samayanA RtihAsanA anveSaNa tathA zAdhana mATe ghaNI upayAgI nIvaDe che. bhAratIya abhilekheAnA prakAzananAM pagaraNa 1788mAM Asiatic Reserches nAme sAmayikamAM thayAM, je kalakattAthI Asiatic Societye zarU karelu e saMsthAe pachI Journal of Asiatic Society kADhyuM . laMDanathI Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society nIkaLatuM ne mubaIthI Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society nIkaLyuM. 1872mAM Archeological Survey of India taraphathI Indian Antiquary nAme sAmayika zarU thayuM, emAM bhAratanA anekAneka abhilekha prakAzita thayA che. dakSiNa bhAratanA dhaNA abhilekha dhAravADa, mAyasAra ane ane madrAsane lagatA keTalAka ahevAleA tathA saMgrahAmAM prakAzita thatA gayA. Epigraphia Indica ( 1888thI ) nA ullekha agAu AvI gayA che. Archaeological Survey of India 4 Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum (bhAratIya abhilekhAne saMgraha ) nAme graMthamALA yeAjAI. enA graMtha 1 tarIke kaniMgahame taiyAra karelA Inscriptions of Asoka nA saMgraha 1877mAM prakAzita thayA. enI zAdhita AvRtti huze taiyAra karI, te 1925mAM bahAra pADI. phlITa taiyAra karelA Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings and their Successors 1888mAM A graMthamALAnA graMtha 3 tarIke prasiddha thayA. sTena kenee taiyAra karelA Kharoshthi Inscriptions nA saMgraha gra Mtha 2 tarIke 1929 mAM Do. mirAzIe taiyAra karele Inscriptions of the Kalachuri-Chedi Era nA sa Mgraha graMtha 4 tarIke 1955mAM ane Vakataka Inscriptions ne1 saMgraha graMtha 5 tarIke pragaTa thayA che dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekheAnu prakAzana 19mI sadInA AraMbhathI thavA lAgelu'. 1878mAM lITe muMbaI ilAkA, madrAsa ilAkA ane mAyaseAranA prAkRta, sa MskRta ane jUnI kannaDa bhASAnA abhilekhAne nAnA saMgraha bahAra pADavo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #42
prAstAvika 1879mAM rAI se Mysore Inscriptions nAme saMgraha pragaTa karyo; ne AgaLa jatAM Epigraphia Carnatica nA keTalAka graMtha prakAzita karyA. 1885 mAM mAyasora sarakAre 150 abhilekhono saMgraha bahAra pADyo. 1886mAM hope dhAravADa ane mAyaseranA 64 abhilekhone saMgraha prasiddha karyo. 1887thI 1921 sudhI madrAsa sarakAre dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhAne lagatA vArSika ahe. vAla prakAzita karyA, jemAM lagabhaga 25,000 zilAlekha ane 500 tAmrapatra lekha pragaTa thayA. huze 1890-1929 daramyAna South Indian Inscriptions nA traNa graMtha bahAra pADyA. A graMthamAlAmAM pachI paNa daseka graMtha prakAzita thayA che. sevela ane kRSNasvAmI AyaMgaranuM Historical Inscriptions of Southern India (1932) tathA kRSNAmAcAralunuM Bombay -Karnataka Inscriptions (1940) paNa dhapAtra che. evI rIte baMgALA, AsAma, gujarAta, karNATaka vagere pradezanA abhilekhonA saMgraha prakAzita thayA che. gujarAtamAM bhAvanagara saMsthAnanA prAkRtasaMskRta tathA arabI-phArasI abhilekhonA saMgraha bahAra pADelA. 1921 mAM muni jinavijaye prakAzita karelA prAcIna vasaMdanA bhAga 2 mAM gujarAtanA aneka jaina abhilekhene samAveza thAya che. gujarAtanA aitihAsika abhilekho mATe muMbaInI phArbasa gujarAtI sabhAe gi. va. AcArya pAse gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho" nA bhAga 1 thI 3 taiyAra karAvI ene 1933 thI 1942 daramyAna prakAzita karI gujarAtanA ItihAsa-saMzodhana mATe ghaNuM mahattvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADI che. 1943 mAM gae Important Inscriptions from the Baroda State 345 raid $48. New Indian Antiquaryal 21 al 9-3H1 (32450052 Inscriptions of Kathiawar kAlakramazaH prasiddha karI saurASTranA abhilekhone upayogI saMgraha pUro pADyo. carotara, dakSiNa gujarAta tathA ghaNAM jaina tIrthone lagatA abhilekha amuka graMtha ke sAmayikamAM saMgRhIta thayA che, to rAdhanapura jevAM sthaLonA pratimAlekhasaMgraha paNa prakAzita thayA che. Abu bhAga-2mAM muni jayaMtavijayajIe prakAzita karelo 33vuM prAcIna sTeravAMDhi (1938) gujarAtane jena prabhAvako sAthe ghaNo saMbaMdha dharAve che. varSa prativarSa vadhu ne vadhu abhilekha upalabdha thatA rahe che ne prakAzita thatA jAya che. AthI avAranavAra enI sUci taiyAra karavAnI jarUra rahe che. 1900 sudhImAM prasiddha thayelA uttara bhAratanA abhilekhane saMvatavAra vagIkRta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA karI dareka saMvatanA abhilekhone varSavAra goThavI kIlone sUci taiyAra karelI che te Epigraphia IndicanA graMtha panA pariziSTarUpe List of Inscriptions of Northern India tarIke pragaTa thayelI. AgaLa jatAM de. ra. bhAMDArakare 1930 sudhImAM prasiddha thayelA uttara bhAratanA abhilekhanI navesara sUci taiyAra karI, je Epigraphia IndicanA graMtha 19-23nA pariziSTa rUpe prasiddha thaI. evI rIte enA graMtha 7nA pariziSTamAM kalahAne taiyAra karelI Inscriptions of Southern IndianI sUci bahAra paDI; ane graMtha 10mAM yuDase taiyAra karelI saMvatone upayoga thatA pahelAMnA prAcIna abhilekhonI sUci List of Brahmi Inscriptions nAme prakAzita thaI 1919mAM raMgAcAra Inscriptions of Madras PresidencynI sUci traNa graMthamAM prakAzita karI. gujarAtanA abhilekhonI sUcine lagatA judA judA khaMDa gujarAta itihAsa pariSada taraphathI enI gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbha sUci" graMthamALAmAM prakAzita thatI rahe che. bhAratIya abhilekhavidamAM apekSita jANakArI bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnA kSetramAM kArya karanAra abhilekhavidamAM abhilekhavidyAnI sAmAnya jANakArI uparAMta bhAratIya lipio, bhASAo, itihAsa ane saMskRtinI jANakArI apekSita che. zilAlekho, tAmrapatralekho, pratimA lekha, sikkAlekho vagere abhilekhonI chApa levAnI sAdhanasAmagrI tathA paddhati to dareka abhilekhavida mATe anivArya gaNAya. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAnuM kArya karanAra abhilekhavidane brAhmI, kharechI, arabI, phArasI tema ja prAdezika prAcIna-arvAcIna lipionI jANakArI hoya e ISTa che. kAla tathA pradeza pramANe emAM judA judA prakAranI lipio mATe judA judA abhilekhavido hoya to paNa cAle. evI rIte prAkRta, saMskRta, arabI, phArasI tema ja prAdezika prAcIna-arvAcIna bhASAonI jANakArI paNa bhAratIya abhilekhavidyAmAM Avazyaka che. lipinI jema bhASAmAM paNa judA judA vizeSajJa hoya te cAle. bhASAnI jANakArImAM te te bhASAnAM vyAkaraNa, zabdabhaMDoLa, chaMdo vagerenuM pUratuM jJAna apekSita che. vaLI te te pradezanA prAcIna ItihAsanI tathA tenI prAcIna bhUgoLanI paNa jANakArI jarUrI che. ghaNA abhilekha te te rAjAnA parAkrama, pUrvakArya ke dAnakAryane lagatA hoya che, to bIjA aneka abhilekhomAM te te samaye rAjya karatA rAjAne nirdeza hoya che ja. ghaNI vAra te rAjAnA pUrvajo tathA pura For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #44
prAstAvika 13 gAmIonI paNa prazasti hoya che ne te samayanA rAjAnA caritanuM nirUpaNa karyuM hoya che. A rAjA kayA vaMzamAM thayo,ene vize atyAra sudhImAM zI mAhitI maLelI che ne A abhilekhamAM ApelI hakIkata parathI e rAjA ke enA koI pUrvaja vize kaMI vadhu mAhitI maLatI hoya to tenuM vivecana karavuM Avazyaka hoya che. e samayanA brAhmaNonAM gotrAdinI temaja jainanAM gacchAdinI mAhitagArI paNa keTalIka vAra joIe che. vaLI e samayanA pradezanAM nAma tema ja enA vahivaTI vibhAga tathA peTA vibhAgone arvAcIna bhUgoLanI bhASAmAM samajavAM paDe che. abhilekhomAM jaNAvelAM prAcIna sthaLo hAla zA nAme oLakhAya che ne te kyAM AvelAM che te vigata paNa e prAcIna sthaLonA abhijJAna tathA sthAnanirNaya mATe jarUrI nIvaDe che. A mATe pradezanAM moTAM nAnAM tamAma gAmonI yAdI ane tenAM sthAna darzAvatA nakazAnI sAmagrInI jarUra paDe che. abhilekhomAM keTalIka vAra varSa ane ghaNI vAra varSa, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra vagere vigata ApavAmAM Ave che. koSThakonA AdhAre A tithi-vAra, grahaNa, adhikamAsa vagerenI khAtarI karI zakAya che ne e divase IsvI sananuM kayuM varSa, kyA mahine ne kaI tArIkha hatI te paNa zodhI zakAya che. keTalAka prAcIna saMvata samaya jatAM lupta thayA hoya che, to keTalIka vAra saMvatanuM nAma ApeluM hetuM nathI. bhAratIya abhilekhavide bhAratamAM pracalita thayelI kAlagaNanAnI judI judI paddhationI mAhitagArI dharAvavI jarUrI che. prAcIna adhikArIo, mahesUlanA prakAre, bhUmidAnane lagatI mAnyatAo, deva-devIonAM pratimAvidhAna, devAla, durgo, kUpi, vApIo ityAdinAM vAstulakSaNa, abhilekhanA lekhana tathA abhilekhananI prakriyA ItyAdi aneka sAMskRtika bAbate samajavAnI jarUra rahe che. - Ama lipi, bhASA, ItihAsa, bhUgoLa, kAlagaNanA ityAdi aneka viSa nuM pUratuM jJAna hovuM abhilekhavida mATe Avazyaka che. abhilekhanI chApa ane / athavA chabI levI, enI prAptine lagatI noMdha levI, emAM kotarelA lakhANanuM livyaMtara karI enuM saMpAdana karavuM, enuM paddhatisara vivecana karavuM ne abhilekhanA saMrakSaNa mATe prabaMdha karavo e badhuM abhilekhavida mATe apekSita gaNAya. 9. D. C. Sircar, "Indian Epigraphy," p. 1. 2-3. ejana 4. Epigraph = inscription For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA ane abhilekhenI prAcIna lipio lipi (lekhanakalA) e prAcIna bhAratamAM zikSaNanA prAthamika viSayomAMnA eka viSaya tarIke sthAna dharAvatI. AthI prAthamika zALA mATe "lipizAlA" - zabda paNa prayojAto. bhAratIya anuzruti vidyAnAM prAcIna devadevIomAM brahmA ane sarasvatInA hastamAM hastalikhita graMtha dhAraNa karelo hoya che. jenA anuzrutimAM brAhmI lipinI utpatti prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeve karI manAya che, jyAre vaidika anuzrutimAM enuM sarjana jagatanA sarjaka brahmAe karyuM manAya che. paraMtu A anuzrutionI prAcInatA nakakI karavI muzkela che. bauddha sAhityamAM "lalitavistara" nAme saMskRta graMtha je IsvI sana 300 pahelAM lakhAyelo hovAnuM jaNAya che temAM 64 lipionI yAdI ApI che. enAM ghaNA prakAra lipinA maroDa ke lekhanazailInA AdhAre paDelA che. paraMtu brAhmI, kharothI vagere bhAratIya lipivizeSonAM nAma che. puSkarasArI, aMgalipi, vaMgalipi, magadhalipi, drAviDalipi vagere prAdezika lipionAM nAma che, jyAre daradalipi, khAsyulipi, cInalipi, dUNalipi vagere jAtivizeSa ke dezavizeSanI lipionAM nAma che. jaina AgamagraMthe jenI vartamAna vAcanA I. sa. 300-453 daramyAna thaI che paraMtu jemAMnA ghaNA graMthanI racanA e karatAM ghaNuM vahelI thaI jaNAya che, te paikInA samavAyAMgasUtra" (anuzruti pramANe lagabhaga I. pU. 300) -tathA "paNuvaNa sUtra' (anuzruti pramANe lagabhaga I. pU. 168) mAM 18 lipionI yAdI ApelI che. A graMtha ardhamAgadhI bhASAmAM che. A yAdImAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA. baMbhI (brAhmI), khaTTo (khareSThI), pukharasAriyA (puSkarasArikA), dAmilI (drAviDI) vagere nAmono samAveza thAya che. vaLI emAM "javaNAli" lipi jaNAvI che te spaSTataH "yavanAnI" lipi che. yavanonI lipinA arthamAM yavanAnI' zabda pracalita hato, tene prayoga pANini-kRta "aSTAdhyAyI"( I. pU. pamI sadI)mAM thayelo che." Ama bhAratamAM lipionA ullekha cheka I. pU. pamI sadIthI maLe che. - (1) bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA chatAM bhAratamAM lekhanakalA vahelAmAM vahelI kakyArathI pracalita thaI haze e bAbatamAM ghaNo matabheda rahelo che. likhita sAmagrImAM hastalikhita lakhANa A dezanI AbohavAmAM I. pU. jeTalA prAcIna kAlanAM mejUda rahyAM nathI. abhilekhamAM aitihAsika kAlamAM sahuthI jUnA lekha maurya rAjA azoka(I. pU. 3jI sadI)ne maLyA che. emAM keTalAka akSaranA mareDanuM vaividhya jotAM e lipisvarUpanA vikAsane ochAmAM ochA eka be zataka jeTalo samaya lAgyo hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. vaLI azoka mauryanA rAjyakAlanI pahelAMnA thoDAka abhilekha maLyA che, je I. pU. pamI sadI sudhInA che." have prAcIna sAhityamAM maLatA lekhanakalAne lagatA ullekho joIe. sikaMdare bhArata para caDAI karI (I. pU. 327-325) tene lagatI noMdhamAM te samayanA senApati niArTose ahIMnA loko rU ane cItharAmAMthI kAgaLa banAve che ema noMdhyuM che ane kaTi yase amuka vRkSanI (bhUjavRkSanI) tvacAne lekhanasAmagrI tarIke upayoga thato hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. vaLI caMdragupta maurya (lagabhaga I. pU. 322-298)nA darabAramAM rahelA grIka elacI megasthanIse tyAre bhAratamAM dharmazALAo vaccenuM aMtara darzAvatI koza-zilAo, paMcAga parathI varSaphala vAMcavAno rivAja, janmasamaya parathI taiyAra thatI janmapatrikA ane nyAya ApavA mATenA AdhArarUpa smRti (smRtigraMtha) hovAno ullekha karyo che. jaina sAhityamAM sahuthI prAcIna evA Agama graMthamAM lipionI yAdI ApI hovAno ullekha upara karelo che. - bauddha sAhityamAM suraMta( sUtrAMta)mAM ulikhita aphakharikA (akSarikA) nAme ramatamAM, vinayapiTakamAM ulikhita lekha(lekhanakalA)mAM, suttapiTaka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
16 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ( sUtrapiTaka)mAMnI jAtakathAomAM ulikhita paNa (parNapatra), sAsana (zAsana= rAjazAsana), aphakhara (akSara), thika (pustaka), iNapaNa ( RNapaNe RNapatra), suvarNapaNa (suvarNa paNuM = suvarNapatra), phalaka, varNAka (varNaka= kalama) ityAdi lekhanasAmagrI dvArA lekhanakalA sucita thAya che. Ama bauddha tripiTakamAM sahuthI prAcIna jaNAtA vinayapiTakamAM paNa lekhanakalAne ullekha Ave che. praziSTa saMskRta sAhityamAM kAvya, nATako, smRtio, kathAo, darzana, zAstro, ItyAdimAM lekhanakalAnA aneka ullekha maLe e svAbhAvika che. kauTilyanA "arthazAstramAM ane vAtsyAyananA kAmasUtramAM paNa lipi, lekhana, patra, pustaka vagerenA ullekha Ave che. rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhAratamAM paNa lekha, lekhana, lekhaka ityAdinA nideza maLe che.11 vyAsa ane gaNezane lagatI kathAmAM paNa mahAbhAratanI racanA tathA enA lekhanano ullekha che. vedAMga sAhityamAM lekhanakalAnA ullekha che. pANini-kRta "aSTAdhyAyI mAM lipi, lipikara, yavanAnI, grantha, svarita cihna, aMkacihno, svastikAdi cihno tathA aneka pUrvavatI vaiyAkaraNono ullekha Ave che. 12 pANini pUrve thayelA yAskanA "nirukta mAM nirukta jevA zabdazAstrano vikAsa jovA maLe che tema ja bhAskanI pahelAM thayelA aneka niraktakAronAM nAma maLe che. 13 vyAkaraNa ane niraktanI jema zikSA ane chandaH tathA jyotiSa paNa lekhanakalAnI pratIti karAve che. ka9pa-vedAMgamAM vasiSTha--dharmasUtramAM likhita AdhAranI pramANitatAnuM mahattva darzAvyuM che. Ama vedAMganA sUtrasAhityamAM lekhanakalAnA spaSTa ullekha maLe che. - veda sAhityamAM lekhanakalAnA ullekha che ke kema e eka vivAdagrasta prazna che. maeNkasa myulara ane vebara jevA keTalAka vidvAno vaidika sabhyatAmAM lekhanakalA na hovAnuM mAnatA, jyAre hiTanI, benake, pizala ane gelDanara jevA keTalAka bIjA vidvAna vaidika sabhyatAnI vikasita sthiti jotAM tyAre lakhANo tathA graMtho pracalita hovAnuM mAnatA.14 A bIjA matanA samarthana mAM paM. gaurIzaMkara ojhAe vedasAhityamAMthI aneka pramANa rajU karyA che. 15 vaidika sAhityamAM saMhitAo, brAhmaNo, AraNyako ane upaniSadono samAveza thAya che. ahIM upaniSadothI zarU karI kramazaH saMhitAo sudhI jaIe. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.. 17 chAMdogya upaniSadamAM "akSara' zabda Ave che eTaluM ja nahi, "IkAra', UkAra " ane "ekAra" jevA spaSTataH likhita vaNene ullekha Ave che. vaLI svaro, UmAo (umAkSaro) ane sparze sparzavaSNa)ne paNa ullekha thayA che. evI rIte taittirIya upaniSadamAM "varNa" tathA "mAtrA" zabda prajAyA che. 16 aitareya AraNyakamAM uSmA, sparza, svara ane aMta:sthanuM, vyaMjana ane ghoSanuM, NakAra tathA pakAranA nakAra tathA sakArathI rahelA bhedanuM tema ja saMdhinuM vivecana maLe che. AmAMnA ghaNAkharA ulekha zAMkhAyana AraNyakamAM paNa che. 17 atareya brAhmaNamAM "3% " akSara akAra, ukAra ane makAranA saMyogathI banyA hovAnuM batAvyuM che. zatapatha brAhmaNamAM "ekavacana", "bahuvacana' tathA puliMga tathA strIliMga ane napuMsakaliMgane ullekha Ave che. vaLI emAM vANInA nirvacana ( vyAkaraNa)no nirdeza Ave che.18 taittirIya saMhitAmAM vANInA vyAkRtIkaraNa( vyAkaraNa)ne kathAprasaMga nirUpyo che. 19 Ama vyAkaraNazAstrano tathA enA pAribhASika zabdono ullekha upaniSado, AraNyako, brAhmaNo ane taittirIya saMhitAmAM maLe che. vANIne maukhika upayoga nirakSara prajA karI zake che, paraMtu vyAkaraNazAstra ane enI paribhASAnuM jJAna akSarajJAna vinA asaMbhavita che. vyAkaraNa jevA zAstranI utpatti lekhanakalA pracalita thayA pachI ja saMbhave che.20 dAdi saMhitAonAM sUktonI racanA padyamAM thayelI che. "sarvAnukramaNI'mAM tathA sAyaNabhASyamAM dareka sUktanA chaMdano paricaya ApavAmAM Avyo che. AvI padyabaddha racanA maukhika rIte koI nirakSara kavio paNa karI zake e asaMbhavita nathI, paraMtu vaidika sAhityanI aMdara paNa chaMdonAM nAma tathA lakSaNa jaNAvyAM che. hada saMhitAmAM gAyatrI, uNi, anuSTrabhu , bahatI, virAja, viSNubha , ane jagatI chaMdonAM nAma maLe che. vAjasaneyi saMhitAmAM e uparAMta "paMkti" chaMdanuM paNa nAma maLe che tema ja dipadA, tripadA, catuSpadA, padA, kakubha Adi denA bheda paNa batAvyA che. athavavedamAM jude jude ThekANe keTalAka chaMdonAM nAma Ave che eTaluM ja nahi, eka jagyAe For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #49
18 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA chaMdonI sa MkhyA 11 hAvAnu paNa jaNAvyuM che. zatapatha brAhmaNamAM mukhya chaMdonI saMkhyA 8 ApI che. vaLI taittirIya saMhitA, maitrAyaNI saMhitA, kAThaka saMhitA ane zatapatha brAhmaNamAM keTalAka cha Mdo tathA enAM caraNAnA akSarAnI saMkhyA paNa gaNAvI che.21 A rIte cha MdonAM nAma tathA lakSaNa dharAvatu` chaMdaHzAstra vaidika kAlamAM vikasyuM hoI e parathI e samaye lekhanakalA pracalita thaI cUkI hAvAnuM spaSTa thAya che.22 RgvedamAM aSTakaNI ' gAyA arthAt jenA kaNa para AThanA aMkanuM cihna aMkita kareluM che tevI gAyAnA dAnanA ullekha che. RgvedasaMhitA, taittirIya saMhitA, vAjasaneyi sa MhitA, aMtareya brAhmaNa, taittirIya brAhmaNa vageremAM 1, 2, 3 ane 4nAM akacihna ke|tarelA pAsAo vaDe khelAtA vratanA ullekha Ave che.23 A aMkacihnone ullekha lekhanakalAnA jJAnanI pratIti karAve che. ' nirakSara prazna eka, be, traNa...dasa, vIsuM, saku vagere nAnI saMkhyA gaNI zake che, paNa lAkhA nai kareADA jevI meTI saMkhyAonI gaNatarI karI zakatI nathI, tema ja meTA guNAkAra karI zakatI nathI, jyAre vaidika sAhityamAM ghaNI meATI saMkhyAonI gaNatarI tathA meTA guNAkAra jovA maLe che. yajurvedanI vAjasaneya sahitAmAM gaNaka( gaNanAra, gaNita karanAra)nA ullekha che. vaLI emAM eka, daza, zata, sahasra, ayuta, niyuta, prayuta, akhu da, nyamuda, samudra, madhya, aMta ane parA sudhInI sa MkhyA gaNAvI che, taittirIya saMhitAmAM paNa A saMkhyAe ApI che. paMcaviza brAhmaNamAM 12, 24, 48, 96...ema uttarAttara bamaNI thatI cheka 393216 ratI sudhInI dakSiNA darzAvI che. zatapatha brAhmaNamAM jaNAvyuM che ke RgvedamAM 12,000 ane yajurveda tathA sAmavedamAM 4000 + 4000= 8000 bRhatI chaMdanA zrlokA jeTalA arthAt anukrame 4,32,000 ane 2,88,000 akSara che. 36 akSaranA bRhatIne badale 40 akSaranA pati cha Mdane hisAbe gaNatAM 4,32,000 akSarAmAM paMkti chaMdanA 10,800 leAka thAya che. eka varSImAM 360 x 30 = 10,800 mu` hAya che, te saMkhyA paNa teTalI ja che. vaLI emAM eka aherAtra( divasa-rAta )nA 30 x 15 x 15 x 15 x 15 = 15,18,750 mA bhAga sudhInA vibhAga gaNAvyA che. ATalI meATI saMkhyAo tathA ATalA meATA guNAkAra lekhanakalAnA jJAna vinA saMbhavita nathI.24 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA... 19 nirakSara prajAmAM chaMdobaddha stAve bhajanA vagere zravaNa dvArA kaMThastha thaI zake te mo|khaka para'parA dvArA e sAhityaneA vAraseA peDhIe te peDhIe lagI cAlu rahI zake, paraMtu gadyamAM zabdabaddha thayelAM lAMbAM lakhAN sahu sarakhI rIte kaMThastha kare ne e lAMbAM gadya lakhANeAnuM sAhitya maukhika paraMparA dvArA hajArA varSa sudhI akSarazaH yathAtatha jaLavAI rahe e sa Mbhavita nathI. saMhitAenA keTalAka aMza, brAhmaNeA tathA AraNyakeAnuM vipula sAhitya ane keTalAMka prAcIna upaniSado gadyamAM lakhAyela che te hajArA varSa sudhI akSarazaH yathAtatha jaLavAI rahela che. ATaluM vipula gadyasAhitya lipibaddha thayA vinA mAtra maukhika paraMparA vaDe ATalA lAMbe vakhata akSarazaH jaLavAI rahe nahi.25 Ama vaidika sAhityamAM dekhA dete vyAkaraNa, chaMdaHzAstra, aMkavidyA ane vipula gadyanA vikAsa Rgveda saMhitAnA samayathI bhAratamAM lekhanakalA pracalita hAvAnI pratIti karAve che. A anusAra bhAratIya sAhitya dvArA bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA I. pU. 500 pahelAM ya lagabhaga I. pU. 1,000 sudhI darzAvI zakAya che. te! pachI bhAratamAM eTalAM prAcIna lakhANa kema maLatAM nathI? prAcIna kAlamAM dhArmika tema ja zAstrIya sAhitya kaMThastha rAkhavAnI ne zikSaNamAM evu vitaraNa maukhika paraMparA dvArA karatA rahevAnI paripATI pracalita hatI e vAta kharI che, paraMtu enA artha evA nathI ke navuM racAtuM sAhitya lipibaddha thatuM nahiM. vedAMgamAM kaMThasthaneA pATha karanAranI sarakhAmaNIe graMthasthane pATha karanArane UtaratI kakSAne gaNavAmAM AvelA,26 paraMtu e ja batAve che ke vedasAhitya graMthastha paNa thatuM hatuM. dhArmika sAhityanA saMkramaNamAM likhita sAmagrI karatAM maukhika paraMparAnA mahimA manAtA, ethI enI pratA ghaNI ochI lakhAtI. vaLI e prateA bhUja patrA ane tADapatrA jevA bina-TakAu padArtho para lakhAtI tethI A dezanI AbehavAmAM atiprAcIna pratA meAjUda rahI nathI.27 chatAM vaidika sAhityanA kAlamAM paNa ahIM lekhanakalA pracalita hatI e nizcita che.28 siMdhu pradezanI haDappIya sabhyatAnI zodha thatAM A vivAdagrasta prazna UkalI gayA che. haDappA, mehejodaDA vagere sthaLeAe maLelAM mudrAe, mudrAMka vageremAM lakhANa maLyAM che, te e lakhANavALA avazeSa e nagarenA sahuthI nIcalA arthAt sahuthI prAcIna stara sudhInA vasavATanA sarva jJAta stAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
27 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA maLyA che.29 A staramAM daTAyelI sabhyatAne samaya lagabhaga I. pU. 2400 thI I. pU. 1600 sudhIno AMkavAmAM Avyo che.30 AthI have bhAratamAM lekhanakalA I. pU. 500 pahelAM I. pU. 1000 ke I. pU. 1500 jeTalA prAcInakALamAM pracalita nahi hoya evI zaMkA rahetI nathI. bhAratamAM lekhanakalA ochAmAM ochI lagabhaga I. pU. 2400thI to pracalita hatI ja e have nirvivAda che. haDappA ane mohe daDonAM khaMDerenA khodakAmamAM je sahuthI nIcalA stara sudhI ukhanana thayuM che te tyAMnA vasavATanA sahuthI nIcalA stara nathI, tenI nIcenA stara hAla adhastala jaLanI sapATI nIce DUbI gayA che ne enuM ukhanana thaI zakyuM nathI. AthI lekhanakalAno purAvo dharAvatA avazeSa vadhu prAcIna staramAM ya rahelA hoya evo saMbhava kharo. ApaNI hAlanI jANa mujaba bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA lagabhaga I. pU. 2400 sudhI darzAvI zakAya tema che. (2) prAcIna lipionA ukelano vRttAMta agAu jaNAvyA mujaba 14mI thI 18mI sadI daramyAna bhAratanA atiprAcIna abhilekha vAMcI zakAtA nahi, kemake bhASAnI jema lipimAM paNa kramika parivartana thayA kare che, ne lAMbA gALe lipinA maroDamAM eTalo badhe pharaka paDI gayelo ke 9mI sadI pahelAMnA mareDa oLakhavA muzkela hatA. uttarakAlIna brAhmI lipi 18mI sadInA aMtabhAgamAM pazcimanA vidvAnoe bhAratanI prAcIna abhilekho vAMcavA koziza karI, tyAre teone paNa 9mI sadI pahelAMnA lekho vAMcavA muzkela lAgyA. 1785mAM kaeNriMgTanane buddhagayA pAse AvelA barAbara ane nAgArjanI DuMgaromAM kaMDArelI guphAomAM traNa nAnA abhilekha maLyA, tyAre te vAMcI zakAyA nahi. A lekho vAMcavA mATe cArlsa vikise cAra varSa mahenata karI ne 9mI sadInA akSaronA maroDa sAthe tulanA karI karIne e lekha ukelavAmAM saphaLatA meLavI. e lekha maukhari vaMzanA rAjA anaMtavarmA(pI- 6ThThI sadI)nA nIkaLyA. A traNa nAnA lekho parathI e kAlanI adhI vaNa. mAlAnA akSara jANavA maLyA.31 1818-1823 daramyAna karnala jemsa TeDe rAjasthAnanA itihAsanA aSaNa mATe rAjasthAna-gujarAtamAM ThekaThekANe pharIne anekAneka abhilekhonI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.. seMdha lIdhI. yati nAnacaMdranI madadathI emAMnA ghaNA lekha vAMcI zakAyA, je 7mIthI 15mI sadI sudhInA hatA. 2 1828mAM baeNbiMTane dakSiNa bhAratamAM AvelA mAmallapuramanA saMskRta tathA tamiLa abhilekho vAMcI 7mI sadI sudhInI varNamAlA taiyAra karI. evI rIte oNlTara IliyaTe prAcIna kannaDa akSare baMdha besADI enI varNamAlA taiyAra karI (1833).33 alAhAbAdamAM zilAtaMbha para keTalAka lekha kotarelA hatA, te paikI eka lekha 1834mAM kepTana DrAyare aMzataH ukelya ne e varSe Do. mile ene pUrepUro vAM. A lekha gupta samrATa samudraguptano che. A lekha vaMcAtAM guptakAlanI varNamAlA taiyAra thavA lAgI. nAgarI lipinuM A prAcIna svarUpa brAhmI lipinA guptakAlIna svarUpa tarIke oLakhAya che. TUMkamAM ene "guptalipi" kahe che.34 1837mAM Do. mile kaMdaguptano bhiTArI (u. pra.) staMbhalekha vAMcyo. e arasAmAM bethane gujarAtamAM maLelAM valabhInAM tAmrapatra vAMcyAM. e pachInAM eka be varSamAM jemsa prinsepe, dilhI, eraNa (ma.pra.), sAMcI (ma.pra.), amarAvatI (AM.pra.) ane jUnAgaDha( gujarAta)nA guptakAlIna abhilekha vAMcyA ne guptalipinI varNamAlA pUrI karI.35 have brAhmI lipinA cothI sadI sudhInA mareDa paricita thayA. pUrvakAlIna brAhmI lipi paraMtu brAhmI lipinA e pahelAMnA maroDa hajI baMdha besatA nahotA. 1795mAM sara cArlsa peleTa elorAnI guphAonA keTalAka nAnA nAnA lekhonI chApa laI sara viliyama jensane mokalelI. e lekha emane paNa kalyA nahi. AthI emaNe e nakalo vArANasImAM rahetA mejara viorDa pAse mokalI, jethI teo tyAMnA paMDito pAse e vaMcAvI zake. paraMtu kAzInA paMDitane paNa e lekha ukalatA nahotA. Akhare eka vRddha paMDita maLI AvyA, jemaNe prAcIna lipionI varNamAlAonuM eka saMskRta pustaka batAvyuM ne viThThoDe ApelA prAcIna lekho vAMcI ApavAnuM bIDuM jhaDapyuM. emaNe e abhilekhonuM livyaMtara karI ApyuM, emAM pAMDavone vanavAsa daramyAna vidura ane vyAsa jevA hitasvI saMbaMdhIoe sAvadhatA mATe ApelI ane saMketalipimAM kotarelI sUcanAo hatI.36 viDe e lekhonuM bhASAMtara paNa karyuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #53
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA viDanI A zodha ghaNI upayogI gaNAI paraMtu thoDAM varSo pachI mAlUma paDyuM ke kAzInA vRddha paMDita lakhI Apelo pATha kapolakalpita hato ne ene mULa abhilekho sAthe kaMI saMbaMdha nahoto !37 eziyATika sosAyaTInA saMgrahamAM dilhI ane alAhAbAdanA staMbhalekhonI tathA khaMDagirinA guphAlekhonI nakalo AvelI hatI, paraMtu vizrvanI zodha niSphaLa javAthI keTalAMya varSo sudhI e lekho ukelavAnI keziza thaI nahi. Akhare 1834-35 mAM jemsa prinsepe e lekhono marma jANavAnI IcchAthI enA akSara ukelavA mATe svataMtra puruSArtha Adaryo. alAhAbAda, rAdhiyA (bihAra) ane mALiyA (bihAra)nA staMbhalekhonI chApane dilhInA staMbhalekha sAthe sarakhAvI jotAM mAlUma paDyuM ke e cAra lekha eka ja che. AthI prinsepano utsAha vadhe ne emane potAnI jijJAsA pAra paDavAnI AzA baMdhAI. have emaNe alAhAbAda staMbhalekhanA akSaronuM pRthakkaraNa karyuM, to guptalipinA akSaronI jema A lipinA akSaromAM paNa aMtargata svaramAtrAonAM cihna lAgelAM jaNAyAM. A parathI e lipi grIka hovAne bhrama bhAgyo.38 A lekhonA akSara jotAM sAmAnya mANasane to e grIka jevI koI yuropIya lipinA akSara jevo bhAsa thAya tema che. TIma kerieTa nAme yuropIya pravAsIe ene sikaMdare potAnA vijayanI yAdagIrImAM kotarAvelo staMbhalekha mAnI lIdhelo !38 paraMtu prinsepanA prayatnathI have spaSTa thayuM ke A prAcIna lekho paNa ahIMnI lipimAM kotarelA che. prinsepe svaracihno oLakhI lIdhA bAda mULAkSarone oLakhavA mATe e lekhonA dareka akSarane guptalipinA akSaro sAthe sarakhAvIne je akSara maLatA Ave tene varNamAlAmAM kramavAra dAkhala karavA mAMDyA. A rIte aneka akSara oLakhAyA.40 e arasAmAM jemsa sTIvansana paNa A akSaro oLakhavA mathatA hatA. emaNe je, , 5 ane 2 akSara oLakhyA. paraMtu bIjA keTalAka akSara oLakhAtA nahi ne oLakhAyelA akSarone AdhAre vaMcAtAM pada barAbara baMdha besatAM nahi. 1837mAM prinsepe sAMcIno stUpanAM toraNonA staMbho tathA tyAMnI vedikAo para katarelA nAnA nAnA lekhonI chApa ekaThI karI tene ekabIjI sAthe For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #54
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.... 23 sarakhAvI joI to e tamAma lekhomAM chellA be akSara ekasarakhA nIkaLyA. emAMnA pahelA akSarane kAne hato ne bIjAne anusvAra hato. vaLI e be akSaronI pahelAno akSara sa hato ne enI pahelAMnA akSara judA judA hatA. pUrvApara saMbaMdha parathI prinsepe kalpanA karI ke chellA be akSara nA hovA joIe ne tenI pahelAM judA judA dAtAonA nAma hovAM joIe. A parathI che ane na oLakhAyA eTaluM ja nahi, te pratyaya parathI A lekhanI lipi prAkRta hovAnuM jANavA maLyuM.41 e pahelAM guptakAlIna lekhonI jema A prAcIna lekhonI bhASA saMskRta hovAnuM mAnI levAmAM AveluM. bhASAne kharo khyAla AvatAM e lekhonA akSara baMdha besADavAmAM saraLatA AvI. have dilhI, alAhAbAda, sAMcI, mALiyA, rAdhiyA, giranAra, dhaulI vagere sthaLoe AvelA prAcIna prAkRta abhilekha barAbara vAMcI zakAyA. emAMnA ghaNA rataMbhalekha tathA zilalekha "devanA priya priyadarzI rAjA e lakhAvelA nIkaLyA ne AgaLa jatAM e rAjA maurya samrATa azoka hovAnuM mAlUma paDyuM. prinsepe besADelA akSaro paikI 3 ane go sivAyanA badhA akSara kharA nIkaLyA. pachI bAkInA cha akSarane paNa patto lAgyo. ane za kaniMgahame oLakhyA, ne eka maroDa senA ane bIjo maroDa honale oLakhe, che nyUlare oLakhyo ne 7 griyarasane. huM paNa khUlare baMdha besA.42 Ama pUrvakAlIna brAhmI lipi ukelavAmAM paNa jemsa prinsepano ghaNo phALo rahelo che. AthI emane bhAratIya prAcInalipividyAnA pitA gaNavAmAM Ave che. kharoSThI lipi brAhmI-gupta-nAgarI lipi karatAM sAva bhinna evI khareSThI lipinA lekha 1818-23 daramyAna karnala TaMDane keTalAka sikkAo para maLelA. e sikkAonI eka bAju para grIka bhASAmAM lakheluM lakhANa grIka lipimAM katareluM hatuM. yuropIya vidAnone A lakhANa vaMcAtuM hatuM, chatAM e sikkAonI bIjI bAju para kotareluM lakhANa ukalatuM nahotuM, kemake e lakhANa kaI bhASAmAM hatuM te samajAtuM nahi. uttarakAlIna videzIonA sikkAo IrAnanI sAsAnI bhASAmAM hovAthI ToDe 1824mAM A pUrvakAlIna videzIonA sikkAo paranAM e lakhANa sAsAnI bhASAmAM hovAnI kalpanA karI.43 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 1830mAM janarala veMTurAe mAni kyAlA( ji. rAvaLapiMDI, pAkistAna)nA bauddha stUpanuM khodakAma karatAM, emAM A lipivALA keTalAka sikkA ane be lekha maLyA. sara elekajhaMDara bansa Adi vidvAne paNa AvA dailipika sikkA maLelA, jenI eka bAju para kotareluM grIka lakhANu vaMcAtuM hatuM, jyAre bIjI bAju para kotareluM lakhANa ukalatuM na hatuM.84 TeDe A lipinAM lakhANonI bhASA sAsAnI dhArelI, to prinsepe 1833mAM eka dailipika sikkA paranA e lakhANanI bhASA padalavI mAnI. vaLI evA eka bIjA sikakA paranA lakhANanI tathA mAnikyAlA stUpanA lekhanI lipine pAli( brAhmI)no ja vaLAMkadAra maroDa hovAnI kalpanA karI. vadhu abhyAsa thatAM prinsepe A kalpanA choDI dIdhI. 1834mAM AvA eka lekhanI lipine emaNe vaLI palavI mAnI.45 evAmAM A lipinA ukelanI cAvI mesanane sUjhI. aphaghAnistAnanA kAbula pradezamAM zodhakhoLa karatAM emane evA aneka Trilipika sikkA maLelA, jemAMnA grIka lakhANamAM vaMcAtA minandara, apolodosa, hamiasa vagere nAma bIjI lipimAM UlaTA krame vAMcI zakAtAM. Basileos ane Soteros jevAM grIka biradonuM prAkRta bhASAMtara karatAM ane 5 varasa jevA zabda paNa emAM baMdha besatA hatA. A parathI e lipinI bhASA prAkRta hovAnuM paNa jANavA maLyuM. bheMsane potAnA saMzodhananA pariNAma prinsepane lakhI jaNAvyAM.46 prinsepe A sUcanA anusAra sikkA paranAM lakhANa vAMcI joyAM, te temane enA AdhAre 12 rAjAonAM nAma tathA 6 birada vaMcAyAM. A parathI e lipinA lakhANanI dizA jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAjunI hovAnI pratIti thaI paraMtu e parathI e lipi seTika varganI jaNAtAM enI bhASA palavI hovAnuM mAnyA karyuM. Ane laIne prinsepane A lipinA akSara barAbara baMdha besatA nahi.47 Akhare 1838mAM be bhAratIya-grIka rAjAonA sikkA paranuM lakhANa prAkRtamAM hovAnI pratIti thatAM temanI bhASAne lagato bhrama dUra thaze ne prAkRta bhASA pramANe vAMcatAM temane A lipinA 17 akSara baMdha beThA.48 AgaLa jatAM norise bIjA cha akSara oLakhyA ne janarala kaniMgahame bAkInA akSara oLakhyA. A rIte sikakAo paranA akSaronI varNamAlA pUrI thaI. A lipinuM nAma kharoSThI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
25 bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.. azokanA cauda dharmalekhonI vAyavya sarahada pAse kotarelI be prata kharoSThI lipimAM maLI, jyAre enI bIjI prato brAhmI lipimAM che. evI rIte kAMgaDA pradezamAM paNa brAhmI ane khareSThImAM kaeNlipika lekha maLyA. A lAMbA lekhanA AdhAre kharoSThI lipinI varNamAlAmAM sudhArAvadhArA thayA ne have e varNamAlAne pUrNa svarUpa maLyuM. zaka rAjAo tathA kSatraponA kharoSThI lekha have saraLatAthI vaMcAyA. kharoSThI lipimAM lakhelI bauddha graMtha dhAma nI eka hastaprata botAnamAMthI maLI te paNa sahelAIthI vaMcAI50. Ama kharoSThI lipi ukelavAmAM paNa prinsepe ghaNo moTo phALo Apelo. haDappIya sabhyatAnI lipi haDappA ane moheMjo-daDo jevAM sthaLoe sAMpaDelAM haDappIya sabhyatAnAM nagaromAM maLelAM mudrAo, mudrAMko ane tAmrapAdikAomAM je lakhANa kotarelAM ke mudrAMkita karelAM che tenI lipi ukelavA mATe pAzcAtya tathA bhAratIya vidvAnoe ghaNo prayatna karyo che. A lakhANomAM AvatAM judA judAM cinanuM vagIkaraNa karI enA mULAkSaronI tathA emAM umerAyelAM mAtrAcihnonI gaNatarI karavAnI koziza thaI che. Do. hanTare karelA pRthakkaraNa tathA vargIkaraNamAM joDAkSara na hoya tevA akSaronI kula saMkhyA 234 thaI che ne emAM mULAkSaronI saMkhyA 102 che.50 a A mULAkSaromAM svaracihno ke svarabhAracihno jevAM cihna umerelAM jaNAya che. akSaromAMnA keTalAka citrAtmaka che. e akSaronA AkAra parathI ene te te padArthanA taka mAnavAmAM AvyA che. dA.ta., manuSya, nagara, ghara, kedI, dhanadhArI, pakSI, matsya vagere. aneka zabdone aMte AvatI amuka saMjJAone vibhaktinA pratyaya dhAravAmAM AvyAM che. A lipimAMnA ghaNA akSara citrAtmaka na hoI A lipinuM svarUpa pUrNataH citrAtmaka rahyuM na hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. keTalAka emAM bhAvAtmaka tathA vanyAtmaka cihno hovAnuM dhAre che, to kaI ene mukhyataH tyAmaka mAne che. game tema, cihnonI saMkhyA parathI phalita thAya che ke A lipi jema pUrNataH citrAtmaka nathI tema brAhmI vagerenI jema pUrNataH varNamaka paNa nathI.51 akSaranA maroDa parathI tema ja enA krama parathI A lipinA lakhANanI dizA nakakI karavA prayatna thaye che. enA akSara uparathI nIce jatA maroDanA che ne e ADI lITImAM lakhAya che. A lipinAM lakhANa moTe bhAge eka nAnI lITI jeTalAM, keTalIka vAra savA ke doDha lITI jeTalAM ne kavacit traNa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA. lITI jeTalAM TUMkA che. AmAMnAM eka lITInAM lakhANa jamaNu bAjuthI DAbI. bAju tarapha arthAt kharoSThI tathA urdUnI jema lakhAtAM, jyAre lakhANa be lITInAM hoya to tenI pahelI lITI jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju ane bIjI lITI DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju lakhAtI evuM saMbhavita lAgyuM che.52 A paddhatimAM kalama jamaNAthI DAbI ane DAbIthI jamaNI bAju tarapha saLaMga cAlu rahe che. khetara khetI vakhate baLada dara cAse dizA ulaTAvato rahI saLaMga kadama bhare che tema A lipimAM dara lITIe dizA ulaTAvIne kalamanI saLaMga gatine satata upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. AthI A paddhatine "boustrophedon" arthAta balIvada-Avartana" paddhati kahe che. A lipinI saMjJAone ukelavAno puruSArtha ghaNA vidvAna karatA rahyA che. haDappIya sabhyatA mukhyatve drAviDa prajAnI hovAnuM dhArIne keTalAke enA AkAranAM prAcIna tamiLa nAmo parathI lakhANano artha tAravavA prayatna karyo che; ne emAM amuka amuka mAnavajAtio vaccenA saMdhivigrahanI ghaTanAono nirdeza hovAnuM baMdha besADyuM che. koI lekhomAM to padya-racanA darzAvI enI mAtrAgaNanA ya karI che ! paraMtu drAviDa bhASAonuM eTaluM prAcIna svarUpa hAla upalabdha rahyuM nathI. vaLI prAcIna etihAsika kAlathI to e bhASAonAM lakhANa paNa brAhmI lipimAM ja lakhAtAM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. bIjA keTalAka vidvAnoe A lakhANonI bhASA vaidika saMskRta jevI hovAnuM dhAryuM che ne A lipinAM cihnone brAhmI lipinAM prAcInatama cihno anusAra ukelavA koziza karI che.paraA A lipinAM keTalAMka cihna brAhmI lipinA amuka akSaro sAthe AkArasAmya dharAve che tema ja brAhmI lipinI jema A lipimAM paNa mULAkSaromAM aMtargata cihno umeravAnI paddhati dekhA de che. vaLI atihAsika kAlanI e prAcInatama bhAratIya lipi Adya aitihAsika kAlanI A aNaUkalI lipimAMthI UtarI AvI hoya e ghaNuM saMbhavita che. chatAM A be lipionAM upalabdha lakhANo vacce hajAreka varSane lAMbo gALo rahelo che ne aMtarAla svarUpa dvArA e be lipio vaccenA AMtarika sAmyanI pratIti thatI nathI. A lipine anya prAcIna dezanI samakAlIna lipio sAthe sarakhAvIne paNa ene ukelavAnA tarkavitarka karavAmAM AvyA che. parI paraMtu emAMnI koI purAtana lipi sAthe A lipinuM pratItijanaka srAmya nIkaLyuM nathI. keTalAke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.. 27 vaLI A lipinAM cihnomAM zAkta ke tAMtrika saMpradAyamAM hoya che tevAM gUDha saMketacihna ghaTAvIne enAM lakhANone vAMcavAno dAvo karyo che, paraMtu e maMtavya paNa pratItijanaka nIvaDyAM nathI. bhAratanA tema ja videzanA keTalAka bIjA vidvAno A lipino bheda ukelavA potapotAnI rIte prayatna karI rahyA che ne avAranavAra koI ne koI vidvAnane e ukela maLyo hovAno dAvo rajU karavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu kamabhAgye hajI A lipinAM cihna ukelavAmAM sahune pratIti thAya ne svIkArya nIvaDe tevI siddhi koI ne sAMpaDI nathI. bhaviSyamAM kAMto eka vAgye lipi ane A avAcya lipi dharAvatA dailipika lekha maLe athavA aitihAsika kAlanI lipi sAthe anusaMdhAna darzAvatAM aMtarAla svarUpa darzAvatA vacagALAnA lekha maLe, tyAre ja haDappIya lipinAM cihna saMtoSakAraka rIte Ukalaze. nAmAbhidhAna bhAratanA etihAsika kAlanAM prAcIna lakhANomAM mukhya be lipi prajAI cheH ekamAM lITIo DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAtI, jyAre bIjImAM e jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAtI. cInI bauddha vizvakoza "phAyuana-su-lina (I. sa. 668)mAM jaNAvyuM che ke lekhanakalAnI zodha devI zakti dharAvatA traNa AcAryoe karI. emAM sahuthI prasiddha brahmA che, jemanI lipi DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju lakhAya che. emanA pachI khare Tha] che, jemanI lipi jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju lakhAya che. sahuthI ochA mahatvanA saM-kI che, jemanI lipi uparathI nIce lakhAya che. AmAM brahmA ane khareSTha bhAratamAM thayA ane saM-kI cInamAM pa3 A parathI bhAratIya prAcIna lipiomAM judI judI lekhanadizAo dharAvatI baMne lipionAM nAma jANavA maLe che. azoka mauryanA ghaNA abhilekhomAM DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAtI lITIovALI je lipi che tenuM nAma brAhmI, jyAre enA be abhilekhomAM jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju taraphanI lekhanadizA dharAvatI lipi che tenuM nAma kharoSThI. jena tathA bauddha sAhityamAM ApelI lipionI yAdIomAM sahuthI paheluM nAma brAhmInuM ApyuM che. bhAratIya abhilekhomAM tathA hastapratomAM A lipi ja vyApaka pramANamAM prayojAI che ne bhAratanI lagabhaga badhI arvAcIna lipio A lipimAMthI UtarI AvI che. bauddha "lalitavistaramAM ApelI yAdImAM brAhmI pachI tarata ja kharoSThI lipi gaNAvI che. jenA AgamagraMthamAM ApelI yAdImAM A lipine bIjI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 28 me lipie pachI gaNAvI che. A lipine upayoga mukhyatve bhAratanA uttarapazcima bhAgamAM thatA ne e lipi ceDAMka zatakAmAM samULI lupta thaI gaI. haDappIya sabhyatAmAM prayeAjAyelI lipinuM mULa nAma jANavA maLyu nathI. A sabhyatAnAM mukhya kendra paMjAma ane siMdhamAM maLyAM che, ethI keTalAka ene 6 siMdha-paMjAba lipi' tarIke eALakhe che. eneA mukhya pradeza siMdhu ane emAM bhaLatI paMjAbanI nadIonA vistAramAM AveleA hAI, e siMdhu lipi' tarIke paNa oLakhAya che. have haDappIya sabhyatA siMdhu pradezanI bahAra paNa vistarI hAvAnuM tathA siMdhu pradezamAM anya purAtana sa MskRti paNa thaI hovAnu jaNAtAM, A lipine ' haDappIya lipi ' tarIke oLakhavI bahetara che. < pAdaTIpa 1. nAradasmRtimAM tathA manusaMhitA paranA bRhaspati-vAttikamAM A mAnyatA ApelI che ( Buhler, Indian Paleography," p. 17) rutivistara, adhyAya 10 ( A graMthane cInI anuvAda I.sa. 308mAM thayelA che.) jueau. dI. ennA, " mAratIya prAcIna tjhibiAAjA,'' rR. 17, pATISa rU. R. B. Pandey, "Indian Paleography," pp. 23 f. haiM. pAMDeye A lipienu vargIkaraNa ThIka karyu che (Ibid., pp. 25ff.) 3. mAtrAhi, pR 17, pATI 1; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 22 f. samaya mATe jue Buhler, op. cit., p. 17. jaina AgameAmAM mAvatIsUtramAM * va'mA~ (trAkSI) lipine namaskAra ' eve ullekha Ave che (mAtrAoi, rR. 17). 4, aSTAdhyAyI 4. 1.72. enA paranA vAttikamAM kAtyAyana tathA mahAbhASyamAM patajali ene atha yavana-lipi Ape che (Pandey, op. cit., p. 11, n. 3). 5. mAtrAhi, rR. 2-3; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 18 f. pitrAvAnA lekha have I. pU. 3jI sadIne gaNAya che. 6, mAtrAddhi, rR. rU; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 5 f. 7, mAtrAhi, pR. phai-; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 5 f. 8. mAtrAhi, pR. 4-6; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 6 ff. 9. mAtrAhi, rR. 6; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 9 f. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI prAcInatA.... 17, mAjhAtri, pR. 6 11, mAtrA, pR. 6, Pandey, op. cit., p. 9 12, mAjhATa, pR. 6-8 13. mA4i, pR. 8 98. Buhler, op. cit., p. 20 15, mojhAhi, pR. -13 16-17, neair4, pR. 18-19 mAjhAhi, . 6-10 27, mAjhAti, pR. 10 21-ra, mAjhAri, pR. 10-11 23, mAprAti, pR. 11-12 ra4. mAtrAjhi, pR. 11-13 25. mAtrATa, pR. 13 26. mANA, pR. 14 20. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 14 f. 28. khUlara, bethaliMga ane raoNtha jevA aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnoe paNa A svIkAryuM che (mAprA4i, pR. 15 ). 29, ha.gaM. zAstrI, "haDapA ne mehe jo-daDo." pR. 57-19; pR. 17 37, esa.Ara.rAva, "Agha-etihAsika saMskRtio," "itihAsanI pUrva- bhUmikA," pR. 154-158 31-35. mANAjhi, pR. 28-31; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 59 f. 36. muni jinavijaya, "purAtatva saMzodhanane pUrva itihAsa", "AryavidyA vyAkhyAnamALA," pR. 16- 18 37-38 mAtrAujha, pR. ; Pandey, op. cit., p. 60 39, mAjhA, 9. rU 1, pA. TI. 4 40, mAhi, pR. rU-4 0; Pandey, op. cit., p. 61 41. jema saMskRtamAM dhaSThI vibhakti ekavacanane pratyaya hya che tema prAkRtamAM ja che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
30 * 42. Buhler, < Indian Paleography," p. 54 43. Pandey, op. cit., p. 62 44. mAtrAhi, rR. 4; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 62. f. 45-46, mAtrAhi, rR. 40-41: Pandey, op. cit., p. 63 47-49. mAtrAhi, rR. 40-41; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 63 f. 5. Buhler, op. cit., p. 39; Pandey, op. cit., p. 64 5. DaoN. dAnIe karelA pRthakkaraNamAM 27 citrAkSarA, 27 bhaumitika cihno, keTalAka akacihno, kau se| ane e jAduI pratIka che ne mULAkSareAmAM AMtarika tathA bAhya mAtrAe! umerAI che tema ja keTalAka mULAkSarane bIjA mULAkSarA sAthe joDelA che (pp. 16 ff. ). 51. ha. ga. zAstro, " haDappA ne mehe jo-daDeA," pR. 59-60; 66-68 para. ejana, pR. 68-72 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA para. khAsa karIne phAdhara herAse ("Studies in Proto-Indo-Mediterranean Culture") baruA paraA, khAsa karIne Do. prANanAthe. svAmI zaMkarAnaMda tathA Do. jevA keTalAke tAMtrika cihnonI rIte ukelavA prayatna karyo che (Dani, op. cit., p. 13 ). paI. dA. ta., vaeNDele sumeriyana lipinA, meriggIe hiTAiTa lipinA ane hevesIe IsTara TApunI lipinA AdhAre ukelavA koziza karI che (Dani, op. cit., pp. 13 f. ). tAjetaramAM zrI. esa. Ara. rAve phinizayana lipi sAthenA sAmyanA AdhAre A lipi ukelavA yatna karyo che ( " Illustrated Weekly of India," December 12, 1971, pp. 21 ff. ) "" 53. mAtrAddhi, rR. 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
khareSThI lipi prAcIna bhAratIya lipiomAM brAhmI pachI kharoSThInuM sthAna raheluM che. e lipi samaya jatAM sadaMtara lupta thaI hovAthI brAhmInI pahelAM kharoSThI lipine vicAra karI laIe. nAma "kharoSThI" nAma vicitra che. enA artha mATe aneka tarkavitarka thayA che. (1) cInanA bauddha vizvakoza "phayuana-cu-lina (I. sa. 668)mAM jaNAvyA mujaba A lipi khareSTha nAme daivI zaktie upajAvelI ne kharoSTha ne artha "khara gardabha )ne oSTha ()" thAya che. (2) khareSTha loko arthAta hiMdanI vAyavya sarahada para rahetA yavano, zako, tuSAra vagere barbara lokoe prayojelI lipi.2 (3) madhya eziyAmAM AvelA kAzagara pradezanA nAmanuM saMskRta rUpa khareSTha thAya, te parathI tyAM prayojAyelI lipi.3 (4) IrAnI rAbda khara-eSTa (gardabha--cama) parathI "kharoSThI" rUpa thayuM che ne A lipinAM lakhANa gabha-cama para lakhAtAM.4 (5) "khareSTha' zabda aramAIka zabda "khareSTha "nuM bhAratIya rUpa che." (6) kharoSTha" e saMskRta "kharISTha nuM prAkRta rUpAMtara che ne enA ghaNAkharA akSara lAMbA vaLAMkavALA hoI khara(gardabha)nA hAlatA AThanA jevA dekhAtA hoI e lipi A nAme oLakhAI A bhinna mata paikI kayo mata yathArtha gaNavo e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
32 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vistAra ane kAla A lipine upaga maryAdita vistAramAM ane maryAdita kAlamAM thayelo che. IrAnI sAmrAjyanI sattA gAMdhAra pradezamAM I. pU. 321 sudhI rahI che daramyAna tyAM IrAnI DhabanA cAMdInA goLa sikkA paDatA tenA para brAhmI lipine ke khareSThI lipine ekeka akSara mudrAMti karAto. A sikakA I. pU. 4thI sadInA gaNAya. maurya rAjA azokanA cauda zailalekhonI be prata pezAvara AsapAsanA pradezamAM be sthaLoe8 khareSThI lipimAM karelI che. A lekhe lagabhaga I. pU. 256nA che. mauryakAla pachI hiMdanA A pradezamAM bAlika yavana, zaka-palava, kSatrapa, kuSANa vagere videzI rAjavaMzanuM zAsana pravatyuM. teonA sikkAonI eka bAju paranAM prAkRta lakhANa A lipimAM kotarAtAM. A sikakAone samaya I. pU. bIjI sadIthI I. sa.nI bIjI sadI sudhIno che. e videzI rAjyonA keTalAka abhilekha maLyA che. A lekha dhAtupatra, dhAtupAtra, takatIo, zilAo ane mUrtio para kotarelA che.10 ne e I. pU. bIjI sadIthI I. sa.nI pamI sadInA che. 11 kharoSThI lipimAM lakhAyelA ghaNA abhilekha prAcIna gaMdhAra pradezamAM maLyA che. A pradeza siMdhu nadInI baMne bAjue vistarelo hato. pazcima gaMdhAranI rAjadhAnI puSkalAvatI( hAlanI cArasaddA)hAlanA pUrva aphaghAnistAnamAM ane pUrvagaMdhAranI rAjadhAnI takSazilA (hAlanI zAhaDherI) pazcima paMjAbanA uttara bhAgamAM AvelI che. vaLI aphaghAnistAnanA eka tRpamAMthI maLelA bhUpatro para A lipi vaparAI che tema ja potAna(cInI turkastAna)mAMthI A lipimAM lakhAyelI bauddha " nI hastaprata maLI che. A prata prAyaH gaMdhAramAM kuSANu kAla daramyAna lakhAI hatI. cInI turkastAna(madhyaeziyA)mAM lAkaDAnAM pATiyAM ane cAmaDA para lakhelAM kharoSThI lakhANa paNa maLyAM che. khareSThI lipimAM lakhelA chUTaka lekha gaMdhAra pradezanI bahAra mulatAna pAse bhAvalapuramAM, mathurAmAM ane kAMgaDA( himAcala pradezomAM maLyA che. Ama khareSThI lipino upayoga mukhyatve gaMdhAranA pradezamAM hato ne ene prasAra gaMdhAranI AsapAsanA pradezomAM paNa thayelo.13 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
khareSThI lipi 33 A lipine vaparAza mukhyatve I. pU. cothI sadIthI Isa.nI trIjI sadI sudhI rahyo. 14 pachI e dhIme dhIme lupta thaI gaI.15 lakSaNe kharoSThI lipimAM svaromAM tathA svaramAtrAomAM hasva-dIrghane bheda darzAvatAM alaga cidana bhAgye ja vaparAtAM. 1pa anunAsika mATe haMmezAM anusvAra prajAno.16 ghaNA saMyuktAkSaronuM saralIkaraNa thatuM, jemake UMne badale che ane karavAne badale te. akSarane mareDa ghaNo vaLAMkadAra che. A lipinAM lakhANomAM lITIo labI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha nahi, paNa jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAya che. 17 A lipi mukhyatve kArakune, gumAstAo ane vepArIo mATenI lipi che, paMDito mATenI nahi. A lipimAM prAkRta lakhANo sahelAIthI lakhI zakAtAM, saMskRta lakhANo mATe emAM keTalAka umero karavA paDatAkemake saMskRta varNamALAnI jarUriyAtanI daSTie emAM keTalIka UNapa rahelI hatI. A lipi keTalIka sadIo sudhI vaparAI, paraMtu enA akSaronAM svarUpomAM samaya jatAM kaMI parivartana thatuM bhAgye ja jovAmAM Ave che. 17 utpatti paMktilekhananI dizA parathI tarata ja mAlUma paDe che ke kharoSThI lipi semiTika varganI che. pazcima eziyAmAM prayojAyelI semiTika varganI lipio. paikI uttarI semiTika kulanI evI aramAIka lipinA keTalAka akSaro (4,1, ,, , 4, 5, 2, 3, 5, 6 ane 4 ) sAthe kharoSThI lipinA sarakhA uccAraNavALA akSare ThIka ThIka sAmya dharAve che.18 A aramAIka akSaranA maroDa I. pU. pAMcamI sadInA che; ane kharoSThI lipine ekaMdara maroDa mesepioTemiyAnAM tolA tathA tyAMnI mudrAo ane takatIo paranA aramAIka akSaronA maroDane maLato Ave che. aramAIka lipi AsIriyA ane bAbiloniyAmAM rAjakIya tathA vANika jyika kAmamAM vaparAtI. IrAnanA hakhAmanI ( eNkhemanI) vaMzanA samrATonA zAsanakALa (I. pU. 558-331) daramyAna A lipi misara, arabastAna, eziyA mAInora vagere dezomAM vyApaka prasAra pAmI. hakhAmanI samrATa kuruSe For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
34 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ( sArase ) peAtAne potAnI sattA bhAratavaSa~nAgadhArapradeza para prasArelI (I. pU. 558-530 daramyAna ) ane dArayase si deza ( si Mdha-dakSiNa pa MjAba ) para vistArelI ( lagabhaga-I. pU. para2-486 ). IrAnI sAmrAjyanA A zAsanakAla daramyAna aramAika lipi bhAratavarSanA A pradezamAM, khAsa karIne gaMdhAramAM, paNa pracalita banI.19 paraMtu bhAratIya bhASAnA varSAM lakhavA mATe ahI aramAika vaNa mAlAmAM keTalAka sudhArAvadhArA karavAmAM AvyA. mULa lipimAM svare paikI mAtra anu cihna hatuM. enA mareDamAM jarUrI pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA te pachI enI lAMbI trAMsI UbhI rekhAmAM vacce, ArapAra, nIce DAbI bAjue, UMce jamaNI bAjue ane vacce DAbI bAjue nAnI trAMsI rekhA umerIne, jI, be, ane aenAM cihna upajAvavAmAM AvyAM. vyaMjanAmAM svaramAtrAe paNa A rIte joDavAmAM AvI. aramAika varNa mALAmAM akSarAnI saMkhyA ochI hatI. vyaMjanAmAM 21 vyaMjanA paikI 20mAMthI 6,, ga, ta, , na, dhaM, va, 1, 1, 2, 7, 6, 1, sa ane haiM tema ja la, tha ane jJa apanAvAyA. bhAratIya vaNa mAlAnI jarUriyAtane anulakSIne apaprANa vyaMjaneAmAM koI ne koI prakAranI trAMsI rekhA umerIne te te mahAprANa vyaMjananu cihna yojavAmAM AvyuM, jemake 7 parathI 6, ca parathI chaeN, 6 parathI jJa, 6 parathI 3, 3 parathI haiM, parathI 6, maiM parathI da ane 7 parathI ma. mUnya vyaMjanA mATe aramAika tA ane nAM vaikalpika cidrA parathI Ta ane nAM cihna upajAvavAmAM AvyAM ne 6 parathI LanuM cihna sAdhavAmAM AvyuM. maiM te evaDAvIne athavA na ke jJa parathI anu rUpa prayAjAyuM. khareAcho brAhmI 6 parathI dizA ulaTAvIne sAdhavAmAM AvyeA. A rIte, khUTatAM akSaracihna sAdhavAmAM AvyAM. 19ma svaramAtrAe umeravAnI saraLatA mATe akSarAnA marADa UbhA, lAMbe, trAMse ne vaLAMkadAra rahe e jarUrI hatuM. AthI keTalAka mULa akSarAnA marADamAM e prakAranA pheraphAra karavAmAM AvyA. A rIte IrAnI sAmrAjyanA bhAratIya zAsanapradezamAM videzI aramAika akSareAmAM jarUrI sudhArAvadhArA karIne bhAratIya vaNa mAlAne anurUpa akSaracihna yeAjavAmAM AvyAM. aramAika lipinuM A sudhAreluM bhAratIya rUpAMtara te khareATI lipi.20 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
khareSThI lipi 35 * A parathI kharechI lipi I. pU. pAMcamI sadI pachI gaMdhAra pradezamAM ane enI AsapAsanA vistAramAM zAthI pracalita banI te samajI zakAya che. IrAnI sAmrAjyanuM zAsana I. pU. 331mAM lupta thayA pachI paNa A lipi thoDA saikAo sudhI e pradezamAM pracalita rahI. mauryo, yavane, zaka-paddala ane kuSANonA zAsanakAlamAM sthAnika lipi tarIke kharoSThI lipine upayoga cAlu rahyo. trIjI sadI pachI e dhIme dhIme lupta thatI gaI ne pAMcamI sadI pachI sadaMtara lupta thaI gaI. aramAika lipimAM je sudhArAvadhArA karavAmAM AvyA te paNa prAyaH prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAtAM lakhANo mATe ja paryApta hatA, saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAtAM lakhANo mATe to emAM bI, , ka jevA dIrgha svaronI tathA - svaronAM cihnonI temaja tenI svaramAtrAonI UNapa rahelI hatI.20, AthI A lipi sAmAnya vaparAza mATenI vyavahAru lipi banI rahI ne emAM prasva-dIrgha bheda, anunAsika bheda ane alpaprANa-mahAprANa saMyuktAkSarone Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avyo nahi. kharechI lipinI utpatti aramAika lipimAMthI thaI che evuM sUcana pahelavaheluM Tomase kareluM. Telara ane kaniMgahame ene vadhu cokkasa svarUpe ApyuM. Do. gUlare enuM pUrNa pratipAdana karyuM. 21 paMDita gaurIzaMkara ojhAe paNa A mata svIkAryo che. paraMtu hai. pAMDeye e matanA muddAonuM khaMDana karI evuM pratipAdana karavA prayatna karyo che ke kharechI lipi uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM ja utpanna thayelI ne ahIMthI AsapAsanA pradezomAM prasarelI. 23 kharaSTI ane aramAIka lipinA keTalAka akSare ja kharuM sAmya dharAve che. keTalAka bIjA akSaronuM sAmya to game tema karIne prayatnapUrvaka besADavAmAM Ave che e kharuM che, chatAM e baMne lipiomAM raheluM lekhanadizAnuM tathA vaLAMkadAra maroDanuM sAmya paNa sUcaka gaNAya. mA, , ; vagere dIrdhasvarono abhAva prAkRta bhASAne laIne che ema svIkAravuM muzkela che, kemake prAkRtamAMya e dIrdhasvare pracalita che. gaMdhArapradezamAM aramAIka ke kharechI lipimAM IrAnI samrATonA abhilekha maLyA nathI e kharuM che, paraMtu e parathI tyAM teonI sattA prasarI ja nahotI evuM dhAravuM asthAne che. hakhAmanI samrATonA abhilekhamAM gaMdhAra ane siMdhudezano ullekha IrAnI sAmrAjyanA prAMta tarIke thAya che. gaMdhAramAM aramAIka abhilekha paNa maLyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #67
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA che. azokanA kharechI zilalekhomAM "lipi'ne badale prajAyela "dipi" zabda jUnI IrAnI bhASAnI ja asara sUcave che. kharechI lipi bhAratIya bhASA mATe ghaDAI heI, tenAM lakhANa bhAratIya pradezamAM ja maLe; bhArata bahAra enI apekSA rAkhavI asthAne gaNAya. mULAkSarono vaLAMkadAra maroDa, lekhanadizA ane keTalAka mULAkSarenuM sAmya semiTika kulanI aramAIka lipinI spaSTa asara sUcave che; jyAre keTalAka akSaranA AkAramAM thayeluM parivartana, sAdhita akSaracina, svaramAtrAo, anusvAra ane saMyuktAkSaronI paddhati bhAratIya bhASAne anurUpa sudhArAvadhArA darzAve che. Ama, kharokI lipinA ghaDataramAM aramAIka lipi tathA bhAratIya bhASA e baMne paribaLonuM saMyojana thayeluM che. varNamAlA ( AkRti 1) svaramAM 4 parathI 3, 3, ai ane yo nAM cihna zi, , me ane zonI jema sAdhavAmAM AvyAM che dIrdhasvaramAM , , , che ane saunAM cihna virala che. -tranAM cihna che nahi, ne te cihna prAkRta lakhANamAM prajAtAM paNa nahi. vyaMjana cimAM te aMtargata rahela gaNAto. anunAsikomAM runI jarUra paDI nathI. vyaMjanomAM 4 thI 6 sudhInA bIjA badhA vyaMjana mATe alaga alaga cihna rahelAM che. svaramAtrAo ravaracidUno parathI sAbita thaI che. rUnI mAtrA akSaranA upalA bhAgane chedatI trAsI rekhArUpe, DanI mAtrA akSaranI nIce DAbI bAjue, tenI mAtrA akSaranA upalA bhAgamAM ane enI mAtrA yanA vacalA bhAgamAM DAbI bAjue trAMsI rekhArUpe umerAya che. anusvAra mATe ja parathI sAdhita thayeluM cApAkAra cihna akSaranA nIcalA bhAgamAM joDavAmAM AvatuM. saMyuktAkSaramAM sAmAnya rIte pUrvaga akSaranI nIce anuga akSara joDavAmAM Avato. pUrvaga 2 mATe repha prayojAto nahi, paraMtu ene badale rane saMyuktAkSaramAM anuga akSaranuM sthAna ApavAmAM AvatuM (jema ke sarvene badale satra) athavA rane agAunA akSaranI nIce joDavAmAM Avato. (jema ke priyadrasi ane ghara ). aMkacihune azokanA kharokI lekhomAM 1, 2, 4 ane 5 mATe anukame eka, be, cAra ane pAMca UbhI trAMsI rekhAo prajAI che. 24 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
kharAI lipi 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 6 o o 4 4 4 4 + 2 + T ) > + $ 3 5 Th TM TM A1 % 7 1 ? 2 3 4 2 1 2 | | | || X !X xx 2 3 AkRti 1. khareASmI lipi paraMtu zaka-padbhava tathA kuSANa kAlanA kharAkI lekhAmAM 1, 4, 10, 20 ane 100 mATe alaga alaga cihna prayAAyAM che. bAkInI saMkhyA A citnenA saMyojana dvArA darzAvAtI, jemake 3=1+1+1, 6 = 4+2, 8 = 4 + 4, 15 = 10 +4+ 1, 50 = 20+20+10 vagere. 100, 200, 300 vagere darzAvavA mATe zatakanA cihna pahelAM 1, 2, 3 vagere cihna lakhAtAM. A rIte A pAMca cihne dvArA 1 thI 399 sudhInI koI paNa saMkhyA lakhI zakAtI. 500 vagere sakhyAonAM cihna maLyAM nathI. akSarAnI jema A aMkacine paNa jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAtAM.25 pAdaTIpa 1. IA, Vol. XXXIV, p. 21 2. Pandey, "Indian Paleography," pp. 50 f. ( HH 7 3. kAzagara ' nA cInI rUpanuM saMskRta rUpAMtara ' khareASTra ' hatuM. tethI A lipinuM kharuM nAma kharASTrI' hatu. evuM paNa sUcavAyuM che. paraMtu bhAratIya sAhityamAM te kharADI ' rUpa ja prayeAjAyuM che. vaLI kAzagaramAM tA A lipine upayoga IsavI pahelI sadI pachI thayA jaNAya che, jayAre bhAratamAM eneA upayAga e pahelAM cheka I.pU. 3jI sadImAM thayele che. (Pandey, op. cit., p. 21) 4-5. Pandey, op. cit., p. 51 6. Ibid., p. 52 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 7. mAprAti pR. 31, po. Ta. 8. A sikkAo Sigloi tarIke oLakhAya che. e kaMdahAra (aphaghAnistAna) tathA sistAna(IrAna)mAM paNa maLyA che. 8. zahabAjagaDhI ( ji. pezAvara) ane manaseharA ( ji. hajhArA) 9. mAri, pR. 22 17. unA, pR. 22 11. mANANi, pR. 22-; Sircar, "Select Inscriptions," pp. 102 ft. 92. Buhler, " Indian Paleography," p. 40 92 24. Dani, "Indian Paleography," p. 253 13. ekAda zabda ke akSara bharahuta tathA ujana(madhyapradeza)mAM tema ja sidApura(mAyasora)mAM A lipimAM kotarelo che, paraMtu tyAM e mAtra lipikaranI aMgata rucithI lakhAyelAM tenAM gauNa lakhANa tarIke che, tyAMnA sArvajanika paThana mATe nahi. 98. Buhler, op. cit., p. 40 15. cInanA bauddha vizvakoza parathI mAlUma paDe che tema tenI smRti cheka sAtamI sadI sudhI jaLavAI rahI hatI. 15 a. AgaLa jatAM saMskRta lakhANa mATe AvAM cihna apanAvavAmAM AvelAM. 16. s, , , n ane 6 nAM cihna nahi. 17. arthAta urdUnI jema. 96 24. Dani, op. cit., pp. 254 f., 271 18 mAMjhAtri, pR. rUka 19. takSazilA vagere sthaLoe thoDA aramAIka abhilekha maLyA che. 19 a, Dani, op. cit., Fig. 19 (p. 258) 20. AgaLa jatAM hiMdustAnamAM muslima zAsana daramyAna phArasI-arabI lipimAMthI A rIte urdU lipi udbhavI tema. @cyfla cuid caual 1412 yail Buhler, op. cit., pp. 41 ff. ane mojhAtri, pR. rUka-rU. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #70
39, kharoSThI lipi 27 a. AgaLa jatAM cInI turkastAnamAM maLelA cAra saMskRta zlokamAM 3, 6, , , ane tenA svaracihanI nIce trAMsI rekhA umerIne anukrame yA, , , i ane konI svaramAtrA prayojAyelI maLI che (Dani, op. cit, pp. 253, 257). 21. IP, pp. 41 f. 22, mAghaif4, pR. 34-rUka 23. Indian Paleography, pp. 53 ff. 24. semiTika kulanI phiniziyana lipimAM 1 thI 9nAM cihna A rIte lakhAtAM. 5. arabI, phArasI ane urdUmAM aMkacina DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAya che, kemake e bhAratIya aMkacidRne parathI nIkaLyAM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #71
brAhmI lipi kharoSThI lipi bhAratavarSanA uttara-pazcima bhAgamAM ja vaparAtI ne e samaya jatAM samULI lupta thaI gaI jyAre brAhmI lipi samasta bhAratavarSamAM vaparAtI ne vartamAna bhAratIya lipio rUpe Adyaparyata pracalita rahelI che. utpatti cInanA bauddha vizvakozamAM jaNAvyA mujaba brAhmI lipi brahmAe utpanna karelI manAtI. jenA anuzruti enI utpatti AdinAtha RSabhadevane Ape che ne temaNe A lipi pitAnI brAhmo nAme putrIne zIkhavI tethI e "brAhmI" nAme oLakhAI hovAnuM mAne che. "brAhmI" zabda "brahma" parathI ubhaLe che ne saMskRtamAM "brahma" zabdanA aneka artha thAya che. eno eka artha "brAhmaNa" thAya che ne e parathI A lipi brAhmaNonI lipi hAI brAhmI" kahevAI evuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che. "brahma" no artha "veda" paNa thAya che ne e parathI brAhmI eTale vedanA saMrakSaNa mATe bhAratIya Aryoe zodhelI lipi evuM paNa sUcavAyuM che. videzI utpatti paraMtu pazcimanA ghaNuM vidvAnoe dhAreluM ke bhAratamAM lekhanakalAnI jANakArI I. pU. 5mI sadI sudhI ja mAlUma paDe che ne tethI teoe brAhmI lipi koI videzI lipimAMthI udbhavI hovAnuM dhAryuM. yuropamAM sAMskRtika jIvananI lagalaga sarva siddhionuM mULa grIka saMskRtimAM raheluM hoI, pazcimanA vidvAne bhAratIya sabhyatAnI vividha siddhionuM mULa paNa grIka saMskRtimAM hovAnuM dhArI letA. Do. mUlare kalpanA karI ke sikaMdaranA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #72
brAhmI lipi AkramaNa samaye bhAratanA lokoe grIka loko pAsethI lipijJAna meLavyuM. prinsepa tathA senA jevA keTalAka anya vidvAnoe paNa AvI kalpanA karI.4 hailevIe lipinA brAhmI akSarane udbhava I. pU. 4 thI sadInA aramAIka, kharAbdI ane grIka akSaremAMthI thayuM hovAnuM sUcavyuM." Do. nyUlara A saMbaMdhI nedhe che ke helenIne mata mUlataH asaMbhavita che, kemake sAhityika tathA abhilekhika purAvA parathI sAbita thAya che ke brAhmI mauryakAlanA AraMbha pahelAM sadIothI vaparAtI hatI ne bhAratanA prAcInatama abhilekhanA samaye ene lAMbe ItihAsa thaI cUkyo hato. A vAMdhe upara jaNAvelA sarva matone lAgu paDe che. keTalAka vidvAnoe brAhmInI utpatti semiTika kulanI lipiomAMthI thaI hevAnI kalpanA karI. vilsana, kasTa, jensa, vebara, mUlara vagere vidvAnoe brAhmIno udbhava uttarI semiTika lipikulanI phiniziyana lipimAMthI thaye hovAnuM sUcavyuM. Dakee sUcavyuM ke brAhmI lipi koI prAcIna dakSiNa samiTika lipi dvArA AsIriyAnI kalAkSara ( cuneiform ) lipimAMthI utpanna thaI che, to Teyalare sUcavyuM ke brAhmInI utpatti keI lupta dakSiNI semiTika lipimAMthI thaI che. A chellA baMne matomAM lupta dakSiNI semiTika lipine sebiyana lipinuM AdyasvarUpa mAnavAmAM AvyuM che. A bAbatamAM Do. nyUlara noMdhe che tema kaI lipine koI bIjI lipimAMthI udbhavelI batAvavA mATe sAdhita lipinA akSaranA sahuthI jUnA maroDa lakSamAM levA joIe ne enAM AdyasvarUpa eka ja kAlanAM hovAM joIe tema ja enAM AdyasvarUpa karatAM bhAre pheraphAra thayelA hoya tyAM e pheraphAra niyata siddhAMta anusAra thayA hovA joIe. A daSTie sarakhAvatAM sebiyana lipinA ane brAhmI lipinA akSaromAM be-traNa akSaro sivAya kaMI sAmya raheluM mAlUma paDatuM nathI. AthI brAhmInI utpatti dakSiNa samiTika lipimAMthI thaI hovAnuM mAnavuM azakya che. 10 1895mAM Do. nyUlare "The Origin of the Indian Brahma Alphabet" (bhAratIya brAhmI lipinI utpatti) nAme pustaka lakhI vebaranA matanuM samarthana karyuM ne evuM pratipAdita karyuM ke brAhmInA ghaNA akSaro prAcIna phinizayana akSaromAMthI ane thoDA akSara AsIriyAnAM kATalAM para kotarelA akSaromAMthI udbhavyA che.11 mekaDonAlDa, raeNpsana vagere bIjA keTalAka vidvAnoe paNa A mata svIkAryo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #73
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA byUlare brAhmI lipinA akSara phiniziyana abhilekheAmAMnA uttarI semiTika akSarAnA prAcInatama mareDa sAthe ghaNuM sAmya dharAve che ema darzAvyuM. A sAmya darzAvavA mATe pahelAM e brAhmI lipinI traNa lAkSaNikatA tArave che : (1) akSare bane teTalA sIdhA lakhAya che ne thADAka apavAdo bAda karatAM te UMcAImAM sarakhA hoya che. 4ra (2) dhaNA akSarA sIdhI rekhAenA banelA che ne e UbhI rekhAne joDAtAM AnuSaMgika aMga meTe bhAge nIcalA bhAgamAM, keTalIka vAra nIcalA tathA upalA bhAgamAM ke kavacit vacce joDavAmAM Ave che; paraMtu kacAreya mAtra upalA bhAgamAM nahi. (3) akSarAnI TAse meTe bhAge UbhI rekhAonA cheDA hoya che, keTalIka vAra TUMkI ADI rekhAe, kayAreka nIce khUlatA kANanI TAse vaLAMkadAra rekhAe te taddana apavAdataH UMce caDhatI e rekhAe. paraMtu kayAreya nIce laTakatI UbhI ke trAMsI rekhA sAthenA aneka aDeAaDa keANa ke trikoNa ke leAlaka rekhAvALu vartuLa hetu nathI. bhAratIya paciMtAne surekhAeAnA sayAjana mATe abhiruci ane Toca bhAre akSarA mATe aruci hatI. ziArekhA tathA svaramAtrAenA upayoga mATe TAca-bhAre akSarA pratikULa hoI e mATenI aruci svAbhAvika che. A ruci tathA arucine laI ne bhAratIee dhaNA mULa akSarAne surekhAmamarADanA karyAM ne TAca-bhAre akSarAne upara-nIce ulaTAvIne ke ADA pADIne anukULa banAvyA. vaLI semiTika lipinI lekhanadizA ulaTAvAI hAI, keTalAka akSarAnA marADa brAhmI lipimAM DAbA-jamaNI ulaTAvavA paDayA. 12 A dhAraNA ane pheraphArA anusAra DaoN. byUlare phinizayana lipinA 22 akSarAmAMthI brAhmI lipinA 23 akSara tAravI batAvyA : alekmAMthI a ethamAMthI ba gimelamAMthI 7 dAlethamAMthI gha hemAMthI ha vAvamAMthI va jhAInamAMthI ja chethamAMthI gha thethamAMthI tha yAdamAMthI kAkamAMthI lAkhedamAMthI la ya For Personal & Private Use Only memamAMthI sa nUnamAMthI 1, maiM sAmebamAMthI sa, 1 AinamAMthI 6 pemAMthI Ch sAdemAMthI ca

Page #74
brAhmI lipi kaveAphamAMthI kha rezamAMthI ra mAMthI 3 thamAMthI 4 4 mAMthI mAMthI rU va mAMthI 3 AmAMnA keTalAka akSaremAMthI enI nikaTanA 19 akSara sAdhI batAvyA: sa mAMthI cha dhamAMthI mAMthI na mAMthI Dha mAMthI 6 mAMthI A u mAMthI 3 mAMthI ko mAMthI du mAMthI La mAMthI OM maiM zinamAMthI za tAvamAMthI ta Ga maiM 43 3 For Personal & Private Use Only e rIte brAhmI lipinA kula 42 akSarAnI utpatti DaoN. nyUlare darzAvI.13 brAhmInI prAcIna vaNa mAlAmAM eTalA akSarAnAM svarUpA jANavA maLe che. svarAmAM OM, da, RR ane sau upalabdha prAkRta abhilekhAmAM prayAjAyA hi hoI enAM prAcIna svarUpa jANavA maLyAM nathI. 1 pha.. 4 mAMthI chu zrvamAMthI ma 6 mAthI jJa ' ' DaoN. byUlara darzAve che ke brAhmInA dhaNA akSara uttara semiTika akSarAnA prAcInatama mareDa sAthe sAmya dharAve che, temAM ghaNA marADa I. pU. 890nA sumAranA phiniziyana akSarAnA che, jyAre 3 ane te meseTemiyAnA he ' ane tAva ' nA I. pU. 8mI sadInI madhyanA marADamAMthI utpanna thayA che te satra tathA TM I.pU. 6ThThI sadInA aramAIka akSarA sAthe maLatA Ave che. aramAika akSarAnA sAmyane AMnezrita gaNI bAjue rAkhI, semiTika akSarA apanAvavAnI pUrvI maryAdA I. pU. 800nA sumAramAM AMkI zakAya. haiM ane ta meseApoTemiyAmAMthI apanAvyAnA muddA semiTika lipi bhAratIyeAe e deza dvArA apanAvI hovAnuM sUcave che ne bhAratane meseApeTemiyA sAthe e prAcInakAlamAM sIdhA saMparka hAvAnu pratipAdita thayelu che. lekhanakalAnI jarUriyAta vikAne lAgI haze ne semiTika lipi pahelAM teee apanAvI haze. paraMtu brAhmI lipinI aMdara rahelA bhASAzAstrIya siddhAMtA parathI e lipine pUrNa svarUpa tA brAhmaNeAe ja Apyu jaNAya che. ene A svarUpa I. pU. 500nA arasAmAM ke kadAca tethI vahelu maLI cUkayuM hatuM. bhaviSyamAM bhAratamAM ke semiTika dezAmAM navA Abhilekhika purAvA maLe teA enI pU maryAdA kadAca I. pU. 10mI sadImAM ke tenI pahelAMya aMkAya.14

Page #75
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kharI rIte vebara, nyUlara Adine A samagra mata bhAratIya brAhmI lipinI utpatti koI videzI lipimAMthI thaI hovI joIe e pRhIta maMtavya para baMdhAyelo che. A maMtavya anusAra keTalAka yuropIya vidvAna brAhmInI utpatti misaranI hiareTika, AsIriyAnI kIlAkSara, phiniziyAnI phiniziyana, dakSiNa arabastAnanI himiariTika ane sIriyAnI aramAIka lipimAMthI tAravavA prayatna karelo ne temAM sahuthI vadhu saphaLatA phiniziyana lipine lagatA matane maLelI. paraMtu paMDita gaurIzaMkara ojhAe darzAvyuM che temAM brAhmI lipinA akSarone te te videzI lipinA samAna uccAraNavALA akSaro sAthe sarakhAvatAM, kharekharuM sAmya bhAgye ja mAlUma paDe che. phiniziyana lipinA akSare paikI paNa mAtra eka ja akSara "gimela" evo che je brAhmI lipinA samAnArtha akSara sAthe sAmya dharAve che. phiniziyana lipimAMthI grIka grIkamAMthI jUnI leTina ane leTinamAMthI romana (aMgrejI) akSara UtarI AvyA che ne A samagra prakriyAne kula 26 zatako jeTalo lAMbo samaya lAgyo che, chatAM phiniziyana ane romana lipiomAM hajI keTalAka akSara vartA-ochuM sAmya dharAve che; tyAre phiniziyana lipimAMthI prAcInakALamAM brAhmI lipi ubhavI hoya, to e te prAcIna lipionA akSaro vacce keTaluM badhuM sAmya hovuM joIe ! kharI rIte De. nyUlare phiniziyana lipinA 22 akSaromAMthI brAhmI lipinA 23 akSara tAravI batAvyA che, temAM gimela < no apavAda bAda karatAM tAravaNanI tamAma prakiyA kRtrima ane prayatana-sAdhita che. evI rIte mArImaceDIne akSaro tAravavA hoya, to jagatanI koI paNa lipimAMthI koI paNa bIjI lipinA akSaro tAravI zakAya. takSazilAnI aramAIka lipimAMthI tema ja vartamAna romana (aMgrejI) lipimAMthI paNa brAhmI lipinA akSara evI rIte be-traNa parivartana dvArA darzAvI zakAya tema che evuM paMDita ojhAe udAharaNa sAthe pratipAdita karI batAvyuM che. phiniziyana ane aramAIka e baMne lipio uttara semiTika kulanI hAI phiniziyanamAMthI nIkaLelI brAhmI ane aramA'ikamAMthI nIkaLelI kharoNI lipinA akSaro vacce paNa ghaNuM sAmya hovuM joIe, jyAre e be prAcIna lipionA akSaro vacce lezamAtra sAmya raheluM nathI. Ama paM. gaurIzaMkara ojhAe Do. nyUlaranA matanuM sAMgopAMga khaMDana karIne e matanI ayathArthatA siddha karI che. 15 phiniziyana lipi ane brAhmI lipi vacce ghaNuM sAmya raheluM hovAnuM svIkAratAM paNa e parathI brAhmI lipinI videzI utpatti siddha thAya nahi, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #76
brAhmI lipi 45 kemake phiniziyana arthAt paNi loko bhAratamAMthI jaI bhUmadhya samudranA taTe, vasyA hatA ne tethI teonI lipi bhAratamAMthI tyAM gaI gaNAya. UlaTuM, semiTika prajAo vacce vasavATa karatAM teone potAnI lipimAM ghaNo pheraphAra. karavo paDyo. 16 I. pU. pamI sadI pahelAMnAM brAhmI lakhANa upalabdha thayAM nathI e kharuM che, paraMtu te parathI tyAre emAM koI lakhANa lakhAyAM ja nahi hoya ema dhAravA karatAM binaTakAu padArtho para lakhAyelAM tyAranAM lakhANa kALabaLe naSTa thaI gayAM haze ema tAravavuM vadhu ucita gaNAya. siMdhu sabhyatAnA abhilekhAe e pahelAM ghaNA lAMbA kAlathI ahIM lekhanakalA pracalita hovAnI pratIti karAvI che.17 dezI utpatti . brAhmI lipi A dezamAM ja utpanna thaI haze evo tarka keTalAka vidvAna lAMbA samayathI karatA rahetA. eDavarDa Tomasa jevA keTalAke evI kalpanA karI ke brAhmI lipi suvikasita saMskRti dharAvatI draviDa prajAe zodhI kADhelI ne pachIthI bhAratamAM AvelA Aryoe e lipi draviDa pAsethI apanAvelI.18 paraMtu draviDa lipio brAhmImAMthI utpanna thayelI mAlUma paDe che ne temAM sahuthI prAcIna evI tamiLa lipimAM to ghaNA ochA akSara rahelA che. AthI brAhmI lipi draviDa lipionI duhitA nahi paNa janetA gaNAya. janarala kaniMgahama, DAusana, lAspena vagere vidvAna brAhmI lipi bhAratanI dezaja citrilipimAMthI thaI hovAnI aTakaLa karI.19 De. nyUlare AvI lipinI koI nizAnI maLI na hovAnA kAraNe A matane taddana asvIkArya gaNela.20 paraMtu e pachI siMdhupradezamAM I. pU. bIjI-trIjI sahastrAbdInI citralipimAM kotarelI saMkhyAbaMdha mudrAo maLI che. AthI brAhmI lipinI utpatti bhAratanI evI purAtana lipimAMthI thaI hovAno saMbhava have khAsa lakSamAM levA jevo gaNAya che. haDappIya mudrAo, mudrAMka ane tAmrapAdikAo para sIdhI ADI lITImAM je cihna kerelAM che te kaI lipinA akSara hovAnuM spaSTa che. A akSaronI oLakha mATe dezavidezanA aneka vidvAnoe prayAsa karyo che paraMtu hajI ene. sarvamAnya ukela maLyo nathI. enA akSaranuM vagIkaraNa karatAM emAM keTalAka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #77
46 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA -akSarA mULAkSara jevA lAge che, jyAre bIjA keTalAka akSareAmAM emAM amuka judA judA prakAranI mAtrAe umerI jaNAya che. enA keTalAka akSara citrAtmaka che; jyAre bIjA keTalAka akSara bhAvAtmaka, nyAtmaka ke zrutyAtmaka che. 1 siMdhu ane enI AsapAsanA pradezeAmAM e lipi lagabhaga I. pU. 2500 thI 1500 sudhI pracalita rahI, jyAre bhAratavarSamAM I. pU. 500nA sumArathI brAhmI lipi pracalita hatI. A che kAla vacce lagabhaga eka sahasrAbdIne khAlI gALeA rahele che, je daramyAna ahIM kevI lipi pracalita hatI te vize khAsa kaI jANavA maLyuM nathI chatAM I. pU. bIjI trIjI sahasrAbdImAM ahIM je lipi eka sahasrAbdI jeTalA lAMbA kALa sudhI pracalita hatI, te e pachI ekAeka samULI lupta thaI gaI evuM bhAgye ja saMbhave. vAM je dezanI prajA pAse lekhanakaLAneA AveA samRddha vArasA Aya tene I. pU. pahelI sahasrAbdImAM lekhana mATe koI videzI lipi apanAvavI paDe e paNa bhAgye ja sabhave. AthI AraMbhika aitihAsika kAlanI brAhmI lipi Adya-atihAsika kAlanI haDappIya lipimAMthI udbhavI hoya evA saMbhava lakSamAM levAyA che. haDappIya lipimAM 100thI vadhu mULAkSarA che, jyAre brAhmI lipimAM echAmAM echA 46 mULAkSaro rahelA che. A be lipienA akSarAnA tulanAmaka abhyAsa karIne Do. leMDane brAhmI lipinA 19 akSare( , 3, uM, tro, , pa, 6, 7, maiM, Ta, ta, tha, maiM, va,,, 6, 7 ane 6)ne haDappIya lipinA sadaza AkAranA akSarAmAMthI utpanna thayelA jaNAvyA che.22 DaoN. hanTara paNa brAhmIne e lipimAMthI udbhavelI mAne che.23 A be lipionA amuka akSarA sadaza AkAra dharAve che e kharuM che, paraMtu A AkArasAmyanI sAthe a sAmya paNa rahelu haze ke kema e tA haDappIya lipinA akSareA Ukale tyAre ja nakkI thaI zake. chatAM DaoN. sunItikumAra ceTarajI nAMdhe che tema vyajatenAM cihnomAM svaramAtrAe jevAM cihna umeravAnA siddhAMta brAhmI lipinI jema haDappIya lipimAM paNa jovA maLe che e muddo e be lipio vacce rahelA sabaMdhane samarthAMna Ape che.4 haDappIya lipinA akSaronI saMkhyA brAhmI lipinA akSarAnI saMkhyA karatAM ghaNI vadhAre che e kharuM che paraMtu lAMbA gALe lipinA prakAranuM svarUpa palaTAtAM purAtana lipinA khIjA aneka akSare lupta thavA pAme e asaMbhavita nathI. ApaNA jJAnanI vartamAna sthitimAM bhAratanI AraMbhika aitihAsika kAlanI brAhmI lipi uttara-pazcima bhAratavarSa nI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #78
brAhmI lipi Adya-etihAsika kAlanI haDappIya lipimAMthI utpanna thaI hoya e ThIka ThIka saMbhavita gaNAya, paraMtu e vize koI cokkasa nirNaya para tyAre ja AvI zakAya ke jyAre haDappIya lipinA akSara oLakhI zakAya. bhaviSyamAM koI lipika abhilekha maLe ke haDappIya ane brAhmI lipinA vacagALAnA abhilekha maLe to prAyaH haDappIya lipinA akSara oLakhI zakAze ne e akSaro ane brAhmI lipinA akSaro vacce saLaMga saMbaMdha rahelo nIkaLaze, te brAhmI lipi uttara-pazcima bhAratavarSanI Ada-tihAsika haDappIya lipimAMthI utpanna thaI hovAnuM nizcita thaze. varNamAlA (AkRti 2) saMskRta bhASAmAM vyAkaraNazAstrano ghaNo vikAsa thayo hato. cheka I. pU. pAMcamA zataka sudhImAM enI varNamAlAnA vaNuM devani zAstranI zAstrIya paddhatie goThavAyA hatA. svaromAM , , , , , , bara, 2, 4, jU, 5, che ane 3 e cauda varNa gaNAtA. emAM 6, 3, 5, 7, , ane 3 nAM cihna svataMtra rIte ghaDAyAM hatAM, e nA cina parathI sAdhita thayAM nahotAM. e paikI o nuM svataMtra cihna vartamAna nAgarImAM lupta thayuM ne gujarAtI lipimAM 9 nuM svataMtra cidRna paNa lupta thaI gayuM. AgaLa jatAM svaramAM 3 ane 3 ne samAveza karavAmAM Avyo, paraMtu kharI rIte anusvAra ane visarganAM ja alaga cina che ne e cilDrana to sava svare tathA vyaMjanone lAge che. tra, stra ane TU no upayoga virala che. svaronI saMkhyA ochAmAM ochI 12 ne vadhumAM vadhu 16 gaNAya che. lipinI daSTie joIe, to brAhmI lipimAM , 3, , 6, 7, ane Do e sAta svaronAM svataMtra cidRna che; lAM, ruM, 4, trA, hR, 9 ane 3 nAM cidana to anukrame e svaracidUnamAM dIrghatAdarzaka mAtrA umerIne sAdhavAmAM AvatAM. 3 kaMTha, 3 tAlavya, 3 oSThatha, R mUrdhanya ane su daMtya che, jyAre i kaMTha -tAlavya ne lo kaMDa-oSTha che. vyaMjanomAM pahelAM 25 sparza vyaMjana Ave che. ene kaMTha, tAlavya, mUrdhanya, daMtya ane oSTha vyaMjanomAM vargIkRta karavAmAM AvyA che ne pachI emAMnA dareka pAMca vyaMjanone aghoSa alpaprANa, adheSa mahAprANa, ghepa alpaprANa, gheSa mahAprANa ane anunAsika e rIte goThavavAmAM AvyA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #79
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA aSa alpaprANa mahAprANa ghoSa alpaprANa mahAprANu anunAsiMha A : cha, u kaMThaya tAlavya mUrdhanya Bka 8 ba 5 re 19 daM tya fE $ zna bha ma cAra akSaro svara ane vyaMjanonI vacce rahelA hoya e rIte uccArAya che, ethI ene aMtaHstha vyaMjano ke ardhasvare kahe che. emAM ya tAlavya, 2 mUrdhanya ane daMtya che, jyAre 2 daMtya- STha che. rI, 1, 2 ane stra uSmAkSara che. emAM za tAlavya, huM mUrdhanya, sa daMtya ane kaMThaya che. vaLI keTalIka vAra huM paNa prajAya che saMskRta bhASAnI A varNamAlA Ama zAstrIya paddhatie goThavAI che. paraMtu e bhASAzAstranA dhvani-uccAraNanI dRSTie ja che, lipividyAnI ciThThanaracanAnI daSTie nahi. lipinI daSTie mAtra Tu- , - 3 - 4, 8- 4 ane - jevAM jUja cidUna ja AMtarika saMbaMdha dharAve che. 2 . A A A + 2 A u [ 4 da - 1 CONG I do S D Ivoi 8 I | J 6 1 4 - * * * * * * * * * $ 6 % , 6 - = = + 5 6 7 1 2 1 9 4 x 8 9 X 7 8 9 * * * 1 4 AkRti 2. brAhmI lipi dareka vyaMjananA mULa cinamAM A aMtargata rahelo gaNAya che. emAM anya svara umerAtAM te te svaranI mAtrA e vyaMjanacidanamAM umerAya che. svararahita (halanta) vyaMjanamAM 3 no lepa darzAvavA mATe nIce alaga cihna umerAya che. vyaMjananA saMyojanamAM pahelAM anuga vyaMjanane pUrvaga vyaMjananI nIce joDavAmAM Avato; hAla ene pUrvaga vyaMjananI jamaNI bAjue joDavAmAM Ave che ne jyAM joDavAnuM na phAve tema hoya tyAM pUrvaga vyaMjanane halanta (khoDo) darzAvavAmAM Ave che.24 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
brAhmI lipi - yukatAkSaromAM 6 pachI AvatA vyaMjanane bevaDAvavAno vikalpa paMDitamAM lokapriya hato, jemake artha, dharma, va, sarjana, mArksava, mA, vata, vencara, ththa. 25 evI rIte sparza vyaMjananI pUrve anusvArane badale te vargane anunAsika prajavAne vikalpa paNa lokapriya hato, jemake , paDyuM, HikaDha, 6, kArama. yukatAkSaromAM anuga 2 nuM cihna pUrvaga vyaMjanamAM bhaLI jAya che, jyAre pUrvaga nuM cihna (repha) anuga vyaMjananI Toca upara umerAya che. agAu zabdo ke pado vacce khAlI jagA na rAkhatAM paMktinA sarva akSara saLaMga lakhAtA. svarasaMdhimAM thatA ya nA lopa mATe avagrahanuM cihna () zarUAtamAM na prajAtuM.26 zabdonAM saMkSipta rUpamAMya koI saMkSepadarzaka, cihna umeravAmAM AvatuM nahi.27 anusvAra ane visarganI jema jivAmUlIya ane upappAnIyanAM alaga alaga cihna prajAtAM. ra ane rIMnI pahelAM visarganuM vilakSaNa uccAraNa, thatuM tene jihavAmUlI kahe che; ne va ane nI pahelAM thatA visarganA vilakSaNa uccAraNane upamAnIya kahe che. A cihna e vyaMjananI Toce joDavAmAM AvatAM.28 samaya jatAM saMyuktAkSaramAM da. (haiM)nA svarUpamAM eTaluM ajaba parivartana thayuM ke e akSara oLakhavo muzkela paDe, 29 tyAre ene mULAkSaromAM eka svataMtra akSara tarIke sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. AgaLa jatAM 6 ()nuM svarUpa vilakSaNa thatAM te akSarane paNa mULAkSaromAM sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM. bhASAnI dRSTie A baMne akSara kharI rIte saMyuktAkSare che, mULAkSaro nahi; paraMtu lipinI daSTie ene maroDa mULAkSaronI jema alaga yAda rAkhavo paDe. tema che. aMkacihUne saMkhyAnA aMka darzAvavA mATe brAhmI lipimAM eka vilakSaNa paddhati pracalita hatI. prAcIna zailI e paddhatimAM hAlanI jema 1 thI 8 nA aMka mATe alaga cihna te hatAM ja. paraMtu emAM 0 (zUnya) jevuM koI cihna hatuM nahi. 10, 20,. bhA. 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
50 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 mATe ekeka svataMtra cihna hatuM. evI rIte 100, 1000 vagere mATe paNa ekeka svataMtra cihna hatuM (paTTa 2). AmAM 1, 2 ane 3nAM cihna anukrame eka, be ane traNa ADI rekhAnAM banelAM che. 4 thI 9 ane 10 thI 90nAM cihna AkAramAM prAyaH amuka akSaro -mULAkSaro ke yuktAkSara jevA dekhAya che, paraMtu enA mULa svarUpanuM tAtparya akaLa raheluM che.31 akSaronI jema aMkanAM cihnomAM paNa samaya jatAM parivartana thatuM rahetuM. 200 ane 300 mATe 100nA cihnanI jamaNI bAjue anukrame eka ane be ADI rekhA joDavAmAM AvatI. 400, 500, 600 vagere mATe 100nA cihnanI jamaNI bAjue anukrame 4, 5, 6 vagerenuM cihna joDavAmAM AvatuM. evI rIte 2000 ane 3000nAM cihno mATe tathA 4000thI 9000nAM cihno mATe 1000nA cihnamAM anukrame 1 ane 2nAM tathA 4thI 9nAM cihna joDavAmAM AvatAM. 10,000thI 90,000nAM cihna mATe paNa 1000nA cihnamAM 10thI 90nAM cihna anukrame joDavAmAM AvatAM. A badhAM cihna ekeka ane svataMtra che. eno artha eka ja hoya che arthAta hAlanAM aMkacihnonI jema enuM mUlya sthAna pramANe badalAtuM nathI. dA. ta., 125 mATe pahelAM 100nuM cihna, pachI 20nuM ane chelle panuM cihna lakhAya; 270 mATe pahelAM 200nuM ne pachI 70nuM tema ja 301 mATe pahelAM 300nuM ne pachI 1nuM ema be ja cihno joIe. 11,000 mATe 10,000nuM ne 1000nuM; 2030 mATe 2,000nuM ne 30nuM; ane 99,999 mATe 90,000, 9000, 900, 90 ne 9nuM. abhilekhamAM aMkacihnonI A zailI azoka mauryanA samayathI (I.pu. 3jI sadIthI) sAtamI sadI32 sudhI pracalita hatI, te pachI navIna zailI pracalita thatAM ene upayoga ghaTato gayo ne dasamI sadInA madhyamAM samULo lupta thaI gayo. navIna zailI samaya jatAM aMkacihnonAM anya(mIDA)nA cihno samAveza thatAM ne aMkenA sthAna-mUlyane siddhAMta apanAvAtAM, mAtra 1thI 9nAM aMkacihno vaDe -nAnImoTI sarva saMkhyAo darzAvavAnuM zakya banyuM ne 10, 20, 30 Adi aMkacihonI samULI jarUra rahI nahi. dA. ta. 3nuM cihna ekamanA sthAnamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
brAhmI lipi 51 nu, dazakanA sthAnamAM 30nuM ane zatakanA sthAnamAM 300nuM mUlya dharAve che. tethI have 30 ane 300nAM alaga cihnonI jarUra paDe nahi. aMkAnuM mUlya DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha jatAM uttarAttara dasa-dasagaNuM thatuM jAya. A paddhatine dazaguNAttara paddhati kahe che te emAM aMkanA mUlyane AdhAra tenA sthAna para rahelA hoya che. 345 jevI sakhyA lakhavAmAM zatakanA sthAne 3, dazakanA sthAne 4 ane ekamanA sthAne panuM cihna mUkavAthI ene atha 300+ 40 + 5 = traNaseA pisatAlIsa thAya. paraMtu trosa, ekase, traNaseA cAra, eka hajAra ATha vagere saMkhyAe darzAvavI hoya teA ekama, dazaka, zataka vagerenAM khAlI rahetAM sthAnAmAM zUnyanuM cihna mUkavu ja paDe. A cihnaneAkArazUnya avakAza-AkAzanA dekhAtA vRtta AkAra parathI dhaDAyA che. trIsa mATe dazakamAM 3 ane ekamamAM 7, ekaseA mATe zatakamAM 1 ane dazakamAM tathA ekamamAM trase cAra mATe zatakamAM 3, dazakamAM 0 ane ekamamAM 4, ane eka hajAra ATha mATe zatakanI pahelAM 1, zatakamAM tathA dazakamAM . ane ekamamAM tu cihna mUkavAthI apekSita saMkhyA sArI rIte vyakta thAya. dw abhilekhAmAM A navIna aMkapatine prayAga AThamI sadIthI dekhA de che.33 inDaneziyAmAMnA bhAratIya bhASAlipinA abhilekhAmAM e sAtamI sadImAM jovA maLe che.34 paraMtu sAhityamAM tene prayAga thADA zataka pahelAM jovA maLe che. piMgala-kRta chaMdaHsUtra(I.pU. 200 pahelAM )mAM zUnyanA ullekha Ave che.35 akhazAlI( paMjAba)mAMthI maLelI aMkagaNitanI bhAjapatra hastaprata( 374thI sadI)mAM paNa navIna zailInA aka ApelA che.36 varAhamihire padmasiddhAntiA( I. sa. 105)mAM AvelA prAcIna siddhAMtAmAM paNa e zailI prayojI che.37 jinabhadragaNi (6ThThI sadI) meTI saMkhyAe A paddhatithI darzAve che.38 Ama, navIna aMkapaddhati abhilekhAmAM pracalita thaI te pahelAM sAhityamAM ochAmAM ochI cAra-pAMca sadIe vahelI vaparAvA lAgI hatI.39 A paddhati prAcInakALamAM bhAratamAM ja pracalita ha|I eneA udbhava A dezamAM ja thayA sabhave che. bhAratIya aMkaciAtI A dazaguNAttara paddhati samaya jatAM arabastAnamAM ane AgaLa jatAM araNe mAraphate yureApamAM prasarI.40 bhAratanI prAcIna aMkapati jevI anya dezonI saMkhyAbaMdha aMkacidnAnI patinI jagyAe nava AMkaDA ane mIMDAnAM cihna vaDe sava` saMkhyA darzAvavAnI A saraLa ane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
para * bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA saMkSipta evI bhAratIya aMkapaddhati pazcimanA dezomAM paNa sahuthI vadhu anukULa nIvaDI che. bhAratIya aMkacinanI baMne paddhatiomAM AMkaDA DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAjue lakhatAM, pahelAM sahuthI bhAre mUlyanuM aMkacihna ane pachI uttarottara ochA mUlyanAM aMkacihna lakhAya che. jyAre saMkhyAo bolatI vakhate pAza, iviMga (ekavIsa), pafza (chatrIsa), chAzati ( athAsI)....ema pahelAM nAnI saMkhyA ane pachI moTI saMkhyA belAya che. Ama, zabdo karatAM aMkacihane UlaTI dizAe lakhAya che. AthI uMnAM vAta natiH (AMkaDAonI UlaTI gati) kahevAya che. nAgarI akSaronI jema vartamAna nAgarI aMkacihno paNa brAhmI aMkacihno parathI kramazaH vyutpanna thayAM che (5TU 3). - - - - - - = = - = 1 1 2. = W che + 5 * 4 h P 5 6 6 da 9 2 3 4 7 ( 1 5 , 8 ? 2 119 AkRti 3H aMkacihnonAM rUpAMtara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
brAhmI lipi 53 saMkhyA sUcaka zabdasa ke dhArmika tathA zAstrIya sAhityane kaMThastha rAkhavAnI prathA vizeSataH pracalita hoI bhAratamAM enI ghaNI kRtio padyamAM racAtI. prathayAtmaka abhilekhonI racanA paNa moTe bhAge padyamAM thatI. A padyabaddha lakhANamAM jyAre saMkhyAo darzAvavAnI jarUra paDe tyAre e enA sIdhA saMkhyAvAcaka zabdomAM darzAvavI muzkela paDe che. AthI ene badale saMkhyA sUcaka zabdasaMketo prayojavAnI paddhati pracalita thaI emAM niyata saMkhyA dharAvatA padArtho, vyaktio ke bhAvone lagatA zabdono upayoga karavAmAM Ave che. emAM graho, zarIranAM aMgo, devatA-gaNo, chaMdanA caraNanA akSaro, kuMDaLInAM sthAnonA viSaya, aMga, bhUgoLa, darzana, purANo ityAdine savizeSa upayoga thAya che. A paddhatimAM ghaNuM saMkhyAo mATe aneka zabdasaMketo maLe che ne emAMnA ghaNA zabdo mATe saMskRtamAM aneka paryAya upalabdha hoya che. AthI padyabaddha racanA karanArane judI judI saMkhyAo darzAvavA mATe chaMdanI jarUriyAtane anukULa evA nAnAmoTA aneka vaikalpika zabda maLI rahe che. saMkhyAsUcaka zabdasaMketonAM keTalAka mahattvanAM udAharaNa nIce pramANe che : 0 zanya, biMdu, raMdha, AkAza (kha, gagana, aMbara, abhra, viyata , vyoma, nabha i. paryAya), pUrNa, anaMta vagere; 1. Adi, caMdra (zazI, IMdu, vidhu, zItAMzu, zItarazmi, soma, zazAMka, mRgAMka, sudhAMzu, himakara, nizAkara, kSapAkara, abdha che. paryA), pRthvI (bhU, bhUmi, kSiti, dharA, urvarI, ga, vasudhA, vasuMdharA, kSamA, kSiti, dharaNI, IlA, ku, mahI, ga I. paryA), rUpa, pitAmaha (brahmA), nAyaka, tanu (kuMDaLInuM prathama sthAna ) vagere; yama (yamala, yugala, yugma, dha%), azvina (dasa, nAsatya), pakSa (pAMkha athavA pakhavADiyuM), cakSu (locana, netra, akSi, dRSTi, nayana, IkSaNa che. paryAyo), karNa (zruti, zrotra), hasta (bAhu, kara, pANi, dos , bhuja che. paryAya ), oSTha, kuca, jadhA, jAnu, gupha, ayana, kuTuMba vagere; 3. kAla, leka (bhuvana, jagata), guNa, agnila (ddhina, pAvaka, vaizvAnara, dahana, tapana, anala, hutAzana, velana, zikhI, kRzAnuM che. paryAya), rAmara, sahedaraka7, zakti, saMdhyA, puruSa44, vacana vagere; For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 4. veda (zruti), samudra (sAgara, abdhi, jaladhi, udadhi, vAridhi, aMbudhi, jalanidhi, padhi, nIradhi, vArinidhi, adhi, arNava I. paryAya), varNa, Azrama, yuga, kRta (pAsAnI cAra cihnavALI bAju), aya (pAsa), dizA, baMdhu 46, dhyAna, gati, saMsA, kaSAya vagere 5. Idriya47 (akSa), bhUta (mahAbhUta), viSaya, prANa8, pAMDava, bANa 49 | (zara, sAyaka, IrSa I. paryA), vrata, samiti, zarIra vagere; 6. rasa, aMga (vedAMga), dhupa, darzana (zAstra), ripu (ari, zatru I.), kAraka, samAsa, guNa-1, guhavaphatra (kAntikeyanAM mukha) vagere; 7. RSi (muni), svarapara, azvapa3 (turaga, haya, vAji), parvatapa4 (naga, aga, giri, acala, adri,zaila, I. paryAya), vAra, dhAtu (zarIranA ghaTako), chaMda(nA prakAra ), dhI (buddhi), kalatra 5 (patnI), dIpa, mAtRkA vagere; 8. vasu, gaja (daMtI, hastI, mAtaMga, kuMjara, dvIpa I. paryAya),56 sapa (nAga, ahi), siddhi, bhUti, maMgala, anuSNubha vagere; 9. aMka ( AMkaDA), naMda57, nidhi, chidrapa8 (raMdha, vivara, dhAra), graha (go) vagere; 10. dizA ( AzA, diza, kukubhA), aMguli, paMkti, avatAra deg, rAvaNa zirasa, yatidharma, karma (Jaa karmo) vagere; 11. rudra (hara, ziva, Iza, Izvara, bhava, mahAdeva, pazupati I. paryA), akSauhiNI, lAbha1 vagere; 12. sUrya (ravi, aka, mArtaDa, ghumaNi, bhAnu, Aditya, divAkara, dinakara, uSNAMzu I. paryAye), mAsa, rAzi, vyaya vagere, 13. vizvedevA, atijagatI 3, aSa64 vagere; 14. manu, indra (zakra che. paryAya), vidyA, leka vagere; 15. tithi (dina, ahana , ghasa i. paryAya) vagere; 16. nRpa 5 (bhUpa, bhUpati, nRpati che. paryAya), aSTika, kalA (caMdranI) vagere; 17. atyaSTi67 18. dhRti68 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
brAhmI lipi 19. ativRti 68 20. kRti70 21. ukRti, svaga vagere; 22. (A)kRti, jAti, parIkSA 23 vikRti73 24. gAyatrI, jina ( ahaMta, tIrthakara, siddha) vagere 25. tattva 26. utkRti75 27 nakSatra ( u, bha I. paryAya) 32. daMta ( rada, radana I. paryA ) 33. deva (sura, amara, tridaza i. paryAya) 40. naraka 48. jagatI76 49. tAnaka7 64. strI kalA 72. puruSakalA saMskRta sAhityamAM saMkhyA sUcaka zabdasaMketanI paddhati prAcInakAlathI prajAI che. RgvadamAM "kalA" jevA zabda na jevA apUrNAMka darzAvavA vaparAyA che. zatapatha brAhmaNa, taittirIya brAhmaNa ane chAMdogya upaniSadamAM eno prayoga spaSTa jovA maLe che, jemake 4 mATe "kRta'. vedAMga jyotiSamAM AvA zabdasaMketa ghaNe ThekANe vaparAyA che. kAtyAyana ane lATathAyana zrotasUtromAM 24 mATe "gAyatrI" ane 48 mATe "jagata" zabda prayojAyo che. piMgalakRta chandaHsUtramAM paNa veda (4), Rtu (7) ane samudra (4) jevA aneka zabdasaMketa vaparAyA che. paraMtu A prAcIna graMthomAM ekeka aMkanI saMkhyA mATe AvA chUTaka chUTaka zabda prayojAtA.78 jotiSa vagere viSayo jemAM nAnI moTI saMkhyAonA gaNitanuM kAma paDe che, tenA parabaddha graMthomAM A paddhati anivArya banI rahI. varAhamihire saMgRhIta karela "paMcasiddhAtikA(I. sa. 505)mAM tema ja tenI pahelAMnA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
56 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA mULa "puliza siddhAMta (lagabhaga I. sa. 400)mAM nAnI moTI saMkhyAo AvA zabdasaMketa dvArA vyakta karelI che. brahmagupta, lala vagere anukAlIna jyotiSIoe paNa A paddhatine ThIka ThIka upayoga karyo che. aMkapaddhatinI jema A paddhatimAM paNa kAnAM vAtA pati ne siddhAnta paLAya che. AthI saMkhyA darzAvatAM zarUAta ekamanA aMkathI karavAmAM Ave che, paraMtu zabdasaMketo zabdonI jema DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAtA hovAthI ahIM saMkhyA samajavA mATe "UlaTI dizA"nuM khAsa dhyAna rAkhavuM paDe che. dA. ta. "si-rasamAM sArI = 1 ane rasa = 6 che, paraMtu e samAsano artha 61 che, 16 nahi. evI rIte svara-vRti-viSaya-STi eTale 16547nI ane kavara-Ana-viyana-muni--vivara-7-rUvuM eTale 1,79,37,000nI saMkhyA samajavAnI che.90 abhilekhomAM ghaNA lekhe padyabaddha hoya che ne temAM maMdirAdinA nirmANanA samayanirdeza jevA ullekha mATe traNa-cAra AMkaDAnI moTI saMkhyAo darzAvavAnI jarUra paDe che. tyAre kavine te mATe saMkhyA sUcaka zabdasaMketeno upayoga karavAthI ghaNI saraLatA rahe che. AthI A paddhatino upayoga aneka abhilekhomAM thato Avyo che. emAM eno prayoga sAtamI sadIthI dekhA de che. 80 dasamI sadI pachI A paddhatino upayoga vadhu pramANamAM thato jaNAya che, chatAM dAnapatro vageremAM rAjAonI prazasti padyamAM ApIne dAnane lagato dastAvejI bhAga gadyamAM lakhatA, to mitine samAveza temAM thaI jato. 81 vaLI maMdiranirmANa vagerene lagatI prazasti pUrepUrI padyamAM racAtI, tyAre temAM prAya miti aMte gadyamAM lakhAtI. chatAM padyabaddha racanAmAM kyAreka varSAdi samaya darzAvato, to prAcIna abhilekhomAM saMkhyAdarzaka zabdo ja vaparAtA, paraMtu emAM laMbANu ghaNuM thatuM ne padyanI paMktimAM e zabda prayojavA mATe kavine vikalpa mAtra zabdakramane maLato. dA. ta. pulakezI bIjAnA aihaLe zilAlekhamAM bhArata yuddha saMvata 3735 jaNAvavA mATe. triMzatsu visahasreSu bhAratAdAhavAdita : / saptAbdazatayukteSu gateSvabdesu paJcasu // 82 (trIsa ne trisahastrone gaNuM bhAratayuddhathI sAta varSa jIne varSa pAMca gayAM tadA.) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
brAhmI lipi ane zaka varSa papa6 mATe paJcAzatsu kalau kAle SaTsu paJcazatAsu ca / samAsu samatItAsu zakAnAmapi bhUbhujAm // 83 ( pacAsa li kAle te che te paMcazate vaLI varSoM jyAre gayAM vItI zaka bhUpatie taNAM. ) eTaluM lAMbu te evu ADu avaLuM geAThavavuM paDatuM . paraMtu saMkhyAsUcaka zabdasa keteA prayAjavAthI kavine ghaNI saraLatA rahetI, jemake zatru Mjaya paranI sauvaNika sAhazrI teja pAle karAvelA AdIzvaraprAsAdanI prazasti( vi. sa. 1650 )mAM. 1582 mATe stana - siddhi - sAyaka - sudhArocis - nibhe nehasi 1639 mATe zraddhe [5]TM -pAva-sRSa-prakSite 1588 mATe siddhi-siddhi-tithi-sabhye para mATe hasta- Y 1245 mATe mA...rAra-vel~~: 3-saMkhyAH 21 mATe phaMDu-netrAH 1649 mATe naM -payodhi-mUti-mite varSe ane 1650 mATe ne-vALa-bA-aMtene eTalA ja zabda vAparavA paDyA che te te paNa niyamita kramamAM, 84 sakhyAsUcaka akSarasa ketA gaNitanA ghaNA bhAga dharAvatA ghaNI saMkSipta evI saMkhyAsUcaka 27 ' jyotiSatra thAmAM padyabaddha racanA mATe AthI akSarasa ketAnI paddhati prayAjavAmAM AvI. Aya bhaTa 1lAe A bhaTIya '( I. sa. 499 )mAM AvI eka paddhati prayeAjI. emAM thI maiM sudhInA vyaMjana anukrame 1thI 25 sUcave che, jyAre s thI sudhInA vyaMjana anukrame 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 ane 100 sUcave che. meTI sakhyAo mATe A vyaMjanAmAM rU, 3, 6, haiM, , i, o ane gau umeravAthI te te vyaMjanathI sUcavAtI saMkhyA anukrame uttarAttara sA-sA gaNI thAya che, jemake ta = 16, ti = 1, 600, tu A bhaTanI A paddhati thADA akSarAthI nAnImeTI saMkhyA darzAvatI atisaMkSipta paddhati heAvA chatAM pracalita thavA pAmI nahi. prAyaH AmAMnA kreTalAka akSara mahAmuzkelIe uccArI zakAya tevA te vaiviSyanA abhAve = 1,60,000 vagere. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
18 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA akSarAnu atha hIna sayAjana thatuM hoI kaMThastha karatAM na phAve tevA hatA.85 dA. ta., hizitruttu ( 500 + 7,000 + 2,30,000 + 1,50,00,00,000 ). ene badale akSarasaMketAnI eka bIjI paddhati leAkapriya nIvaDI. A paddhati A bhaTa khIjA( 10mI sadI )e * Aya`siddhAMta 'mAM prayAjI che. A paddhatimAM thI 6 ne tathA Ta thI 6 ne anukrame 1 thI 9 ane 0 nA aMkanA sUcaka mAnavAmAM AvyA che, 1 thI mane 1 thI 5 nA. ane ca thI 7ne 1 thI 8nA. arthAt AmAM sarva kA mATe traNa ke cAra akSareAnA vikalpa rahelA. che.86 vaLI A vyaMjAmAM game te svaramAtrA umeravAnI chUTa che, kemake A paddhatimAM svarA tathA svaramAtrAenA kaI atha uddiSTa hatA nathI. khIjuM, saMyukatAkSarAmAM dareka vyaMjanane saMkhyAsUcaka gaNavAmAM Ave che. 1, 2, 3... vagere ake mATe anukrame vaya, laTara, varu... vagere. akSarasaMketa dharAvatI A paddhatine * kaTapayAdi' paddhati kahe che. ( A bhaTe A akSarasa keteAnI lekhadizAmAM zabdasa ketAnA jevA UlaTA krama na apanAvatAM akAnA jevA sUlaTA krama apanAvyA che, dA.ta.. vanane = 1015 ane musidhA = 5,81,709.87 kAI kAI zilAlekhA tathA dAnapatrAmAM paNa kaTapayAdi paddhati prayAjAyelI jovAmAM Ave che. paraMtu A bhaTanI paddhati karatAM A paddhatimAM theADA pharaka rahelA che. thI 4 sudhInA vyaMjanAnAM sakhyA-mUlya enAM e ja che, paraMtu saMyuktAkSarAmAM mAtra anuga vyaMjana akasUcaka gaNAya che, dareka vyaMjana nahi. vaLI A paddhatimAM zabdasaMketeAnI jema bAnAM nAmato tiH / niyama anusAra akSarasa ketAne UlaTA krame arthAt jamaNI bAjuthI DAkhI bAju tarapha lakhavAmAM Ave che. dA. ta. rAghavAca 1442, matta 644, dAho 1312, rAtyALo, = 1315 ane tole = 1346, 38 ahI akSarasa keteAne evI rIte pasaMda karavAmAM AvyA che ke enA saMceAjanathI adyotaka zabda banI rahe. - - zabdasa kaMtAnI sarakhAmaNIe akSarasa keteAnI paddhati abhilekhAmAM tathA sAhityamAM dhaNI echI leAkapriya nIvaDI. A paddhatimAM lAdhavane tathA kaMThastha karatAM saraLa paDe tevA adyotaka zabdaprayAganA lAbha rahelA che, paraMtu evA akSarasa keteAnAM saMyAjana karatAM ghaNA zrama tathA samaya lAge che. vaLI aMkasa keteAnI ekathI vadhu patie 89 pracalita thatAM atha nI ekavAkayatAnA abhAve arthaghaTanamAM goTALA tathA gUMcavADA thAya tema che. = For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
brAhmI lipi 59. abhilekhomAM to moTe bhAge aMkacihnone tathA keTalIka vAra zabdasaMketane. upayoga thato rahyo che. pAdaTIpa 1. mAjhA, pR. 18 2. ejana, pR. 29 3. Pandey, op. cit., p. 34 4. mAtrAjhi, pR. 18 5. ejana, pR. 18-19 6. IP, p. 28 7, mAjhAjha, pR. 18-12 8-9. ejana, pR. 19 20. Buhler, IP, pp. 28 f. 11, mANAtri, pR. 20 92. Buhler, IP, pp. 29 ff. 13. ejana, pR. 31-33 ane 33-34 98. Buhler. IP, pp. 36 ff. 15, mANasa, pR. 20-26, eraNanA eka sikkA paranuM brAhmI lakhANa UlaTI dizAmAM kotarAyuM hoI e parathI Do. nyUlare brAhmI lipi zarUAtamAM jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAtI ne tethI enI upatti semiTika lipimAMthI thaI hovI joIe evuM anumAna tAravI keTalAka akSaronuM sAmya darzAvavA lekhanadizA ulaTAvavAnI yuti prayojelI, paraMtu sikakAonA mudrAMkanamAM kyAreka saratacUkathI AvI bhUla thaI jatI hoya che, tethI e apavAdarUpa bhUla parathI AvuM sAmAnya anumAna tAravavuM asthAne gaNAya (ejana pR. 27-28). 2$. Pandey, IP, pp. 40 ff, 45 f. 17. ejana, pR. 47-48 18-19 ejana, pR. 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #91
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 27, Bihler, IP, p. 28 21. ha. gaM. zAstrI, haDappA ne mohe jo-daDo, pR. 59-60, 6768 28. "Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Valley Civilization," Chapter 23, p. 433 23. " The Script of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro and its Connection with Other Scripts," pp. 1-22 28." Indo-Aryan and Hindi," p. 42 24, vyaMjananA cihnamAM aMtargata mAM rahelo hoI e vyaMjananuM zuddha kevaLa cihna na gaNAya. vaLI yukatAkSaromAMno pUrvaga akSara uccAraNamAM enI agAunA akSara sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che, chatAM lekhanamAM ene anugAmI akSara sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che e paNa zAstrIya na gaNAya. dA. ta., "gha" zabdamAM be kRti che gha +1, chatAM lakhAya che dha + (S. K. Chatterji, "Indo-Aryan and Hindi, p. 81; guja. anu. "bhAratIya AryabhASA ane hindI," pR. 111). Do. dAnI brAhmInAM A lakSaNo semiTika lipionI asarane laI ne hovAnuM dhAre che (IP, p. 30). 25. mahAprANa vyaMjanane bevaDAvatAM pUrvaga mahAprANane badale tene alpaprANa vyaMjana vaparAya che, jemake vAciva, dhanudra, nirmara. ra6. AthI yunartha jevA lakhANamAM pUrvApara saMbaMdha pramANe yu samartha: ane yuddha kartha evA baMne artha thatA. 27. dA. ta. zuddhi = zu. f. = zuddhavize; krioLa = 6i. La = dvitIya Drona 28 akSaronI jema A cihnonAM rUpa badalAtAM gayAM. bapadevanA vyAkaraNamAM jihuvAmUlIya cihane "vajAgRti" ane upamAnIya cihnane "gaMjakuMbhA kRti" tarIke oLakhAvyuM che (mAprASTi, pR. 4, TI. 2). 29-30, juo 5TTa 3. 31. vigato mATe juo Bihler, IP, pp. 120 ff.; mAtrAhi, pR. 106 998; Datta and Singh, "History of Hindu Mathe matics," pp. 27 ff. 32. chaThThI-sAtamI sadInI mitivALA je abhilekhomAM navIna zailInAM aMka cihna prayojAyAM che, te lekhe banAvaTI hoI maDA samayanA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #92
brAhmI lipi 33. A paddhatine prayoga pahelavahele saMkheDAmAMthI maLelA ka. saM. 346, (I. sa. 195)nA tAmrapatramAM Ave che evuM sAmAnyataH manAtuM (Buhler, IP, p. 126; magitri, pR. 11, Datta and Singh, op. cit., p. 40) paraMtu Do. mirAzIe aneka kAraNa ApI e tAmrapatra banAvaTI hovAnuM siddha karyuM che (C. I. I., Vol. IV, pp. 161 ff. ). sAtamI sadInI miti paNa zaMkAspada gaNAI che. AThamI sadInA lekhomAM A paddhati prajAI hovAnI khAtarI paDe che. dA. ta., saM. 781 (I. sa. 723) ane saM. 783(I. sa. 725)nA abhilekhomAM (IA, Vol. XIII, p. 250). gujarAtanAM dAnapatromAM saM. 794( I. sa. 738)nuM dhINakInuM tAmrapatra banAvaTI che. paraMtu rASTraphUTanAM dAnapatromAM zaka varSa 675(I. sa. 754)thI dazaguNottara, paddhati prajAyelI che. 38. Datta and Singh, op. cit., pp. 43 f. 35. 8, 28-21 (Ibid., pp. 75 ft. ) 36-37. mAprAjhi, pR. 116; Ibid, pp. 77 ff. 38. dA. ta. "vRdaMtakSetranA"mAM 224,400,000,000 mATe e bAvIsa cuMvALIsa ane ATha mIMDAM mUkavAnuM kahe che tema ja 3,200,400, 000,000 mATe batrIsa, be mIMDAM, cAra ane ATha mIMDAM jaNAve che (Ibid, p. 61, p. 3). 39. arabastAna ane yuropamAM paNa navIna aMkapaddhatine vyApaka rIte pracalita thatAM pAMca-cha saikA lAgyA hatA (Datta and Singh, op. cit., p. 50 ). 40, mANAtri, pR. 117-111. AthI arabo ene hiMsA tarIke ane yuropIye ene Arabic Numerals tarIke oLakhe che. arabI, phArasI ane urdUmAM zabda jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAtA hovA chatAM aMkacihno DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAya che, kemake e bhAratIya lekhanapaddhatimAMthI apanAvelAM che. 41. yajJa mATenA traNa agni. kara. jAmadagya rAma ( parazurAma), dazaratha rAma ane vAsudeva rAma (balarAma) 43. yudhiSThira, bhIma, ane arjuna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 44-45, vyAkaraNamAM 46. rAma, lakSmaNa, bharata ane zatrudana 47. kandriyo ke jJAnendriya 48, prANa, apAna, samAna, vyAna ane udAna 49. kAmadevanAM 57. vasaMta, grISma, varSA, zarada, hemaMta ane zizira 21. rAjanItimAM para, saMgItamAM 53. sUryadevanA 54. mahedra, malaya, sahya vagere kulaparvata 55. kuMDaLInuM saptama sthAna 56, diggaja pa7, naMdavaMzanA rAjAo 58, zarIranAM 59, dasa akSaranA chaMda 60. viSNunA mukhya avatAra 61. kuMDaLInuM 11muM sthAna dara, kuMDaLInuM 12muM sthAna 63, chaMdone prakAra 64, vyaMjanono prakAra 65. purANaprasiddha rAjAo 66-71. chaMdonA prakAra -72-73, chaMdonA prakAra 74, e chaMdanA lokane kula akSara 75. chaMdane prakAra 176. e chaMdanA lokanA kula akSara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #94
brAhmI lipi 77, saMgItamAM 78, mAjhA, pR. 121; Datta and Singh, op. cit. pp. 57 f. 79. mAjhAtri, pR. 116 80, Bihler, IP, p. 130 81. jemake rASTrakUTa rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM. 82-83. IA, Vol. V, pp. 67 ff, EI, Vol. VI, p. 7 C%. EI, Vol. II, p. 50; D. B. Diskalkar, "Inscriptions of Kathiawad," pp. 205 ff. 85. Datta and Singh, op. cit., p. 69 86. dA. ta. 1 mATe , , , ; 6 mATe cuM, , ; 0 mATe ba, na. 87-88 mAtrAhi, pR. 123 89. dakSiNa bhArata, barmA ane silonamAM vaLI judI judI paddhatio pracalita hatI (mAkAtri, pR. 124; Datta and Singh, op. cit., p. 72). - P* 09 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara ane vartamAna prAdezika lipio prAcIna brAhmI lipi (lagabhaga I.pU. 350 thI I.pU. 200) brAhmI lipi e prAcIna bhAratanI dezavyApI lipi hatI. enA akSaronA maroDa vahelAmAM vahelA I. pU. 5mI sadI sudhInA maLyA che. emAM vyApaka pramANamAM akSaranA maroDa maurya rAjA azoka( I.pU. 3jI sadI)nA abhilekhomAM prApta thayA che. mULAkSara prAkRtamAM lakhAyelA A lekhomAM 25, 28, rR, hR, che ane jo svarono samAveza thayuM nathI tema ja , 6 ane 3 ne paNa samAveza thaye nathI. varNamAlAnA bAkI badhA akSaranA mauryakAlIna maraDa jANavA maLe che (paTTa 2). emAMnA ghaNuM akSaro sIdhA maroDanA che, jyAre keTalAka akSara vaLAMkadAra maroDanA che. emAM amuka akSaronA baMne prakAranA maraDa pracalita hatA. brAhmI lipinA anukAlIna rUpAMtaramAM vaLAMkadAra maroDanuM pramANa uttarotara vadhatuM jAya che e jotAM vaikalpika mareDa paikI sIdhA mareDa vadhu prAcIna hovAnuM phalita thAya che. brAhmI lipinA 1, 3, 5, 6, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, ta, , , , , ma, ya, ra, 4, 3, 5, 4 ane Tu voMnA upalA cheDA UbhI rekhAvALA che; , 3, 4, 5, ja ane nA upalA cheDA ADI rekhAvALA che; trada, y, f, ma, za nA upalA cheDA trAMsI rekhAvALA che; ne upale cheDo biMdu rUpe che; ne , , , ane gha nA upalA cheDA vaLAMkavALA che. evI rIte me, 1, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, ma aneranA nIcalA cheDA UbhI rekhAvALA; 3, 6, mo, gha, 3, 4, , , , me ane stranA ADI rekhAvALA; , , , ane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara.... ra nA trAMsI rekhAvALA; ane , 2, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 5, ane Tu nA vaLAMkavALA che. huM ne nIcalo cheDe biMdurUpa che. svaramAtrAo joDatI vakhate akSaronA upalA ane nIcalA cheDAnA AkAra mahattvanA banI rahe che. sva2mAtrAe svaramAtrAo vividha cihna rUpe vividha rIte joDAya che (AkRti 2). dareka vyaMjananA cihnamAM ya aMtargata rahela gaNAto hoI ene mATe kaI svaramAtrA umeravAnI rahetI nathI. mA nI mAtrA eka nAnI ADI rekhArUpe akSaranI jamaNI bAjue, sAmAnyataH Toce umeravAmAM Ave che. kyAreka e akSaranA vacalA bhAgamAM umerAya che. - nI mAtrA paNa vyaMjananI jamaNI bAjue Toce umerAya che. emAM nAnI ADI rekhAne kATakhUNe evaDI UbhI rekhA umerI hoya che. nI mAtrAmAM rU nI mAtrAnI ADI rekhA para vacce kATakhUNe evaDI UbhI rekhA umerI hoya che. A mAtrA paNa nI jema akSaranI jamaNI bAjue Toce joDAya che. 3 ane 3 nI mAtrAo vyaMjananA nIcalA cheDe jamaNI bAjue umerAyA che. UbhI ke trAMsI rekhAvALA cheDAmAM e mAtrA ADI rekhArUpe ane goLa cheDAvALA akSaramAM UbhI rekhArUpe hoya che. 3mAM UbhI rekhAne nIcale cheDe kATakhUNe eka ane 5mAM be ADI rekhA umerAya che. trada nI mAtrAne mauryakAlIna maroDa maLe nathI, paraMtu amukAlIna maroDa parathI e mAtrA vyaMjananI nIce jamaNI bAjue DAbI bAja jatI trAMsI rekhA rUpe umerAtI haze evuM lAge che. ane che nI mAtrA vyaMjananI DAbI bAjue anukrame eka ane be nAnI ADI rekhArUpe umerAtI. A nI mAtrAnI jema A mAtrAo paNa sAmAnyataH Toce ane kyAreka vacce joDAtI. - mo nI mAtrA mA nI mAtrA ane nI mAtrAnA saMjanathI bane che. emAM junI mAtrA thaDe nIce joDavAmAM AvatI, jethI enI pRthatA rahe; - bhA. 5 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA nahi te jo ane na jevA akSaro vacce goTALo thAya. nI mAtrA mATe bo nI mAtrAmAM DAbI bAjue vacce eka ADI rekhA umerAtI jethI emAM jamaNI bAjue mA nI ane DAbI bAjue nI mAtrA joDAya. saMyuktAkSara brAhmI lipinA saMyuktAkSaromAM sAmAnya rIte pUrvaga akSaranI nIce anuga akSarane joDavAmAM Avato ne emAM nIcalA akSarane kadamAM nAne lakhavAmAM Avato. A 6 sAthenA saMyukatAkSaromAM vilakSaNatA rahelI che. anuga ne pUrvaga akSaranI nIce joDatAM kyAreka svaramAtrAne bhrama thAya, tethI tene badale e pUrvaga akSaranI UbhI rekhAmAM ja 6 ne sarpAkAra maroDa mUkI devAmAM Avato. keTalIka vAra anuga akSaranI nIce pUrvaga akSara joDavAne UlaTo krama paNa jovAmAM Ave che. ethI dA.ta. 8 ne badale rasa, 5 ne badale ta ane vya ne badale stra jenuM vaMcAya che. anuga 2 ne sthAne haMmezAM pUrvaga; (repha) joDelo jovAmAM Ave che, jethI dA.ta. 2 ne badale rta, ka ne badale ", a ne badale 4 ane stra ne badale rsa jevuM vaMcAya che. anya cihno anusvAra mATe akSaranI TocanI upara jamaNI bAjue eka biMdu mUkavAmAM AvatuM. visarganuM cihna mauryakAlIna prAkRta lekhomAM maLatuM nathI, paraMtu anukAlIna lekho parathI e cihna akSaranI jamaNI bAjue hAlanI jema be biMduo rUpe jeDAtuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. mauryakAlIna brAhmI lekhomAM virAmacihna bhAgye ja maLe che. A kyAreka svastikanAM cihna tathA naM (= saM. = 0) saMkSepAkSara jovAmAM Ave che. 1i mauryakAlIna brAhmI lipinI aprAdezikatA maurya rAjA azokanA abhilekha bhAratavarSanA ghaNA pradezamAM maLyA che. e parathI mAlUma paDe che ke e kAlanA brAhmI lekhamAM dezanA judA judA pradezamAM lipine lagabhaga ekasarakho maroDa pracalita hato. thoDA akSaronA maroDamAM vaividhya jovA maLe che e prAdezikatAnA sUcaka che evuM keTalAka vidvAnoe mAneluM, paraMtu vividha mareDano tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatAM enA vaividhyamAM prAdezika bhedane AdhAra rahelo mAlUma paDato nathI. e vaividhya to For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
brAhmI lipinAM akAlIna rUpAMtara.. abhilekhanA padArthanI sapATI, TAMkavAnuM ojAra ane lahiyAnI laDhaNa jevAM anya kAraNone laIne che. vaLI azokanA samaya sudhImAM keTalAka akSaronA mareDamAM spaSTa parivartana thayAM hatAM ne lahiyAo potAnA samayanA pracalita maroDanI sAthe sAthe prAcIna mareDa paNa prajatA. AthI keTaluMka vaividhya to pradezabhedane badale kAlabhedane laIne rahetuM. prAdezika brAhmI lipio (lagabhaga I. pU. 200 thI I. sa. 10) DaoN. nyUlare tathA paM. ojhAe I.sa. 350 sudhInI lipine brAhmI lipi gaNI che, paraMtu A lAMbA gALA daramyAna brAhmI lipimAM noMdhapAtra rUpAMtara thayelAM mAlUma paDe che. vaLI emAM prAdezika bheda paNa vikasavA lAge che. AthI Do. dAnAe lagabhaga I.pU. 200 thI I. sa. 50 sudhInAM brAhmI svarUpane * prAdezika brAhmI lipio" tarIke oLakhAvI che ne ene pUrva bhAratIya, uttarapazcima bhAratIya, uttara-pazcima dakhaNI ane dakSiNa bhAratIya evA cAra vibhAgomAM vagIkRta karI che. have , ka, che ane jha nAM cihna, trada tathA mInI svaramAtrA ane visaganuM cihna maLe che. A kAlanA pUrvAdha daramyAna saMyukatAkSaramAM pUrvaga 2 (repha) anuga vyaMjananI upara eka UbhI rekhA rUpe lakhAto tha4 uttarArdha daramyAna che jevA keTalAka akSaranI UMcAI ghaTI tema ja akSaranI UbhI rekhAne TocathI jADI karavAnI laDhaNa pracalita thaI, jemAMthI pachInA kAlamAM zirorekhAnuM svarUpa ghaDAyuM. A laDhaNa zako dvArA pahoLI athavA dhAradAra lekhinI apanAvavAne laIne hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che.' pUrva bhArata, uttara-pazcima bhArata vagere pradezanA abhilekhomAM je lipisvarUpabheda dekhA de che te jUja che. paraMtu dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhonI lipimAM keTalIka vilakSaNatA rahelI che. paraMtu e parathI dakSiNa bhAratamAM brAhmIthI bhinna evI kaI drAviDI lipi havAnuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che e yathArtha nathI. A A lekho prAyaH bauddha dharmane lagatA ane prAkRta bhASAmAM che. bhadilu(tamiLanADu )nA stUpanA maMjUSAlekhomAM keTalAka akSaronA maroDa judA che, jha jevA keTalAka draviDa akSarono umero thayo che ne vyaMjanomAM tra nI svaramAtrA mATe TocanI jamaNI bAjue ADI rekhA umerIne, mA nI svaramAtrA mATe tenA jamaNuM che? nIcI UbI rekhA umerI che. paraMtu A akSaronA AkAra brAhmInA pracalita akSaranA AkAramAMthI ja UpajelA che ne For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #99
Ta bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA drAviDa akSare paNa sadaza brAhmI akSarAmAMthI sAdhita karavAmAM AvyA che, jyAre bAkInA pheraphAra lahiyAnI a Mgata vRttine laI ne thayelA che.6i amarAvatInA abhilekhA tathA tamiLanADunA guphAlekhAmAM A aMgata vilakSaNatA dekhA detI nathI. dakhkhaNanA uttara-pazcima bhAgamAM thatAM parivartana jevAM parivata na ja ahIM pracalita thayelAM.I lagabhaga I. sa. 50 thI I. sa. 400gnuM lipisvarUpa A kAla daramyAna brAhmI lipinA svarUpamAM viziSTa parivata na thayAM. have varNAne mathALe nAnIzI ADI rekhA rUpe zizarekhA spaSTa rIte dekhAvA lAgI. e haiM, 5, 5 ane sa jevA e TAyavALA varNomAM DAbI bAjunI TAyamAM karAtI, jyAre traNa TAcavALA yamAM khAsa karIne vacalI TAcamAM umerAtA. mamAM enI bane trAMsI TAca upara karAtI. samaya jatAM sAdI zirezarekhAne badale bharelI athavA khAlI soMpuzirAo tathA zakuzirAo thavA lAgI. jhaDapI cAlu kalame lakhavAne kAraNe keTalAka akSarAnAM svarUpa ghaNAM badalAyAM. , ane 2 jevA akSara UMcA pAtaLA thayA tA 6, 5, 6 jevA akSarAnI UMcAI ghaTI ne paheALAI vadhI. emAM jUnA sIdhA mareDanA sthAne vaLAMkadAra marAhanu pramANa vadhatuM gayuM. dhaNA varNAnI UbhI rekhAone nIcale cheDe DAbI bAjue vALavAmAM AvI. svaramAtrAone trAMsA ke vaLAMkadAra marADa ApavAmAM AvyA. have 6, 4 ane akSara paNa prayeAjAyA che. halanta ( kheADA ) akSarane paMkitanA nIcalA bhAgamAM nAnA kadamAM lakhavAmAM Avye che. anusvAranu biMdu TAca para vacce lakhAya che. saMskRta lekhAmAM jihvAmUlIya ane upamAnIyanAM cihna have prayAjAyAM.10 A kAla daramyAna lekhanamAM prAdezika laDhaNA khIlatI gaI, jemAMthI pachInA kAla daramyAna prAdezika lipibheda vikasyA. si pradezamAM sAmAnya rIte khareSThI lipi pracalita hatI, tyAM have kayAreka brAhmI paNa prayeAjAvA lAgI. mathurApradezamAM zaka kSatrapeAnA zAsanakAla daramyAna UbhI rekhAe Toce dhATI rahI, nIce jatAM pAtaLI thatI jatI; kuSANu samrATeAnA zAsanakAla daramyAna ene badale zireArekhA zarU thaI. sAMcImAM mathurAzailInuM dhaNuM laDhaNa jovA maLe che. pUrva bhAratamAM kSatrapakAlanI ane kuSANakAlanI--evI e bhinna zailIe vikasI. kauzAMbI pradezamAM vaLI eka vilakSaNa zailI khAlI, jemAM mathurA zailInAM ane pUrva zailInAM keTalAMka lakSaNAnu sa MyeAjana jovAmAM Ave che. madhyapradezamAM jUnI laDhaNanI asara vizeSa rahelI che. kSatrapa-sAtavAhana kAla daramyAna pUrva For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #100
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara .. mALavAmAM viziSTa zailI ghaDAI. pazcima dakhkhaNanA lekhomAM zirorekhA dekhA detI nathI, paraMtu kSatrapa-sAtavAhana kALa daramyAna jUnI zailInI sAthe sAthe amuka sudhArAvadhArAvALI navI zailI pracalita thaI. uttara gujarAta ane saurASTramAM pUrva mALavAnI asaravALI viziSTa zailI vikasI. emAM zirorekhA zarU thaI. keTalAka akSaranuM svarUpa badalAyuM ne akSarane maroDa vaLAMkadAra ane kalAtmaka bane. A zailInI asara uttara sAtavAhana kAlamAM pazcima dakhaNamAM prasarI. pUrva dakhaNamAM amarAvatI, nAgAjunIkoDA vagere sthaLoe pahelAM nAnAghATa zailI pracalita hatI tyAM uttara sAtavAhana kALa daramyAna navI zebhAmaka zailI pracalita thaI dakSiNa-pazcima dakhaNamAM be bhinna zailIo prajAI, jemAMnI ekamAM uttara sAtavAhana zailInI asara che, jyAre bIjI zailImAM prAdezika lAkSaNikatA rahelI che.11 guptakAlanA AraMbhamAM pUrva bhAratamAM mathurA zailInI ThIka ThIka asara varatAya che, jyAre kesAma (alAhAbAda pAse), udayagiri (grAliyara pAse ) vagere pradezamAM kauzAMbI zailInI asara rahelI che. have zirorekhA spaSTa banI che. akSaronI ADI rekhAo vaLAMkadAra maraDa dhAraNa kare che, jayAre UbhI rekhAonA nIcalA cheDA sIdhA rahe che. pUrva mALavAmAM zirorekhA tema ja svaramAtrAo kalAtmaka maroDa dhAraNa kare che. mathurAnA abhilekhomAM temaja sikkAo paranA lakhANamAM kuSANa zailInI asara varatAya che. Ama, gupta sAmrAjyamAM guptazailI jevI koI vyApaka ekasarakhI zailI pracalita thaI nahotI, paraMtu enA judA judA bhAgamAM te te pradezanI pUrvakAlIna laDhaNano ja vikAsa thayelo mAlUma paDe che. 13 Agha-prAdezika lipio (lagabhaga I. sa. 400 thI 800) agAunI prAdezika zailIo samaya jatAM te te sAMskRtika pradezamAM sImita rahI uttarottara vikasatI rahI ne A kAla daramyAna AgAmI prAdezika lipionAM Adya-svarUpa ghaDAyAM. A lipisvarUpone agAu "uttarI" ane "dakSiNI" evA be mukhya vibhAgomAM vagIkRta karavAmAM AvatAM.14 paraMtu A vargIkaraNa yathArtha nathI, kemake emAM jaNAvelAM "uttarI lipionAM lakSaNa dakSiNa bhAratanA keTalAka bhAgomAM dekhA de che tema ja "dakSiNI lipio 'nAM lakSaNa uttara bhAratanA keTalAka bhAgomAM jovAmAM Ave che. vastutaH A kAlanAM brAhmInAM rUpAMtaronuM vargIkaraNa karavuM hoya, to tene (a) uttara bhArata, (A) gujarAta-rAjasthAna-madhya bhArata, (I) dakhaNa ane (I) dakSiNa bhArata evA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
CO bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA cAra mukhya vibhAgeAmAM vargIkRta karIne enuM peTAvI karaNa karavuM ghaTe. A anusAra (a) uttara bhAratamAM (1) madhya gaMgApradeza (ra) pUrva bhAratabaMgALA ne nepAla (3) mathurA ane uttara-pazcima pradeza; (A)mAM (1) rAjasthAna-mALavA ane (2) gujarAta;pta ane (I) dakSiNa bhAratamAM (1) karNATaka 16, (2) AMdhra ane (3) tamiLanADu17 evA peTA vibhAga paDe che AthI eka Mdara nava alaga zailIe gaNAya. 18 lipinAM A rUpAMtarA pAchaLa ghaNAM paribaLa rahelAM cheH (1) samasta uttara bhAratamAM kalama tarIke kitto vaparAtA ene laI ne trikeANAkAra zira-cihna vikasyuM, UbhI rekhAonA nIcale ne svaramAtrAe vageremAM suzAlanAtmaka vaLAMkadAra mareDa akSarezane AkAra kuTila' thayA. dakSiNa bhAratamAM tADapatra upara tIkSNa gALa mukhanI zalAkA vaDe akSara kAcavAnI prathA pracalita hatI. AthI tyAM akSara vadhu geALa thayA ne temanAM khAMkhAM taraMgAkAra banyAM, : (2) mULAkSarA tathA svaramAtrAone suzAbhanAtmaka mareDa apAyA. mULAkSAmAM jamaNI UbhI rekhAnA nIcalA cheDA DAkhI bAju vaLAMka levA lAgyA, jethI 5. ejhAe e lipine ' kuTila ' kahI19 ane e UbhI rekhA zizarekhAthI kATakhUNAe nahi paNa laghukeNe lakhAtAM DA. byUlare e lipine * acute-angled ' kahI.20 dakSiNa bhAratamAM ghaNA akSarAmAM UbhI rekhAnA nIcalA cheDA DAkhI bAju vaLIne UMce ane UMce lakhAtA gayA, tA cha jevA kAI akSAmAM ene upalA cheDe DAbI bAju vaLIne nIce ane nIce UtaratA gayA. A badhAM laDhaNAne laI ne akSara vadhu maDadAra banyA. ', cheDe pAda-cihna umerAyu khIyA, jene laI te (3) keTalAka akSarAmAM saLaMga kalame lakhatAM vadhu saraLatA rahe tevu saralIkaraNa paNa thavA lAgyuM, jemake 6, 1, 2 ane kSanA maroDamAM. (4) A kAla daramyAna keTalAMka navAM cihna prayAjAyAM. tuM manAtuM sa Mketacihna '7'nI jema vAmAbhimukha gUMcaLAneA ke ethI UlaTA dakSiNAbhimukha gUMcaLAne AkAra dhAraNa kare che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM A gUMcaLAmAM ekAda vadhu AMTA umerAyA. kharI rIte A saMketacihna OM nu nahi, paNa moMgalakArI za Mkhanu dyotRka che.21 halanta akSarane have pa MktinI nIce nAnA kadamAM na lakhatAM enI zire rekhAne alaga rAkhIne athavA enI nIce jamaNI bAjue trAMsI rekhAnuM viziSTa cihna umerIne ene paktinI aMdara lakhavAmAM Ave che. have RR ane z2anAM cihna paNa maLe che.22 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara... have abhilekha (khAsa karIne zilAlekho tathA tAmrapatralekha) uparAMta hastalikhita graMtha paNa maLe che, jemAM kirAne laIne mareDamAM keTalIka vilakSaNatA rahelI che. jenA mAtAnI tADapatrIya prata( pamI sadI)mAM zirorekhA ghATI che, UbhI rekhA nIce jatAM pAtaLI thatI jAya che ne ene nIcale cheDe nAnI ke moTI ADI (ke trAMsI ) rekhA karI UbhI rekhAnA nIcalA cheDAne bAMdhI dIdho hoya che.23 bovara hastaprata 6ThThI sadInI lAge che. temAM mayura zailI karatAM rAjasthAnI zailInI vizeSa asara rahelI che.24 hayuMjI(jApAna)nA maThamAM maLelI savinayadhArinI tADapatrIya prata 8mI sadImAM lakhAI lAge che.25 emAM graMthanA aMte te samayanI pUrI varNamAlA ApavAmAM AvI che. emAM ya, sA, , , , , , , , 2, 4, che, mo, mI, zuM ane e 16 svare, jethI huM sudhInA 33 vyaMjane, saMyuktAkSara la ane 7 jevuM maMgalacihna maLI kula 51 cihna ApavAmAM AvyAM che.26 halanta akSaronI nIce jamaNI bAju trAMsI rekhA karI hoya che. | gujarAtanA A kAlanA abhilekhomAM dakhkhaNanI savizeSa asara varatAya che. guptakAlanA lekhamAM akSaranI Toce nakkara biMdu dekhA de che; AgaLa jatAM, enI jagyAe nAnI ADI rekhA prajAI. be UbhI rekhAovALA akSaromAM zirorekhA have mAtra DAbI bAjunI UbhI rekhAnI Toce karavAmAM Ave che. svaramAtrAone vaLAMkadAra maroDa vikase che. saMyuktAkSaramAM sAmAnya rIte pUrvaga akSaranI nIce anuga akSara joDAya che ne tyAre anuga akSaranI zirorekhAne lopa karavAmAM Ave che. anuga 2 ane 2 vaLAMkadAra maroDa dhAraNa kare che. dakSiNa gujarAtanA raikUTaka rAjyamAM dakhkhaNanI lipinI adhika asara prasarI hatI. maitrakakALa(I. sa. 470-788)nA varNo sAdo chatAM vaLAMkadAra maroDa dharAve che. have ra, 3, , ane jevA akSaromAM paNa zirorekhA thavA. lAgI che. varNone mathALe rahelI ADI rekhA taraMgAkAra banI che. svaramAtrAomAM sA, ru, , I ane nA maroDa nAgarI maroDanI dizAmAM vikase che. uttaramaitrakakAlamAM junI svaramAtrAne paDimAtrAnuM svarUpa apAtuM jAya che. saMyuktAkSaromAM sAmAnyataH pUrvaga akSaranI Toce joDAtI svaramAtrAo kyAreka anuga akSaranI Toce joDAya che. anuga ca tathA ne maroDa vadhu vaLAMkadAra banyo che. aMkacihno hajI prAcIna zailIe lakhAya che. anusvAra ane visarganAM cihna biMdune badale nAnI ADI rekhArUpe lakhAya che. virAmacihnamAM eka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 72 ane e UbhI rekhA prayAjAya che. zaMkhanu` maMgalacihna prAyaH dakSiNAvatI hAya che. ' A kAla daramyAna samasta gujarAtamAM ekasarakhI prAdezika lipizailI pracalita thaI jaNAya che. DaoN. byUlara tathA 5. ejhAe A kAlanI gujarAtamahArASTra-karNATakanI lipine pazcimI lipi' tarIke eLakhAvI che,27 paraMtu A kAlanI gujarAtanI ane dakhkhaNanI lipi vacce keTaleAka spaSTa zailIbheda rahelA che. gujarAtanI zailImAM mukhya asara dakhkhaNanI zailInI pravate che, chatAM emAM rAjasthAnI zailInI keTalIka asara paNa varatAya che. AthI gujarAtanI A kAlanI lipine eka viziSTa lipiprakAra tarIke oLakhavI ghaTe. prAkRta vizeSAvayamAvya( lagabhaga I. sa. 610)mAM tatkAlIna lipienI yAdImAM 'lATa lipi " (prA. hAstriI) jaNAvavAmAM AvI che te parathI gujarAtanI A lipine ' lATa lipi' tarIke oLakhAvI zakAya.28 dakhkhaNanA uttara bhAgamAM vAkATaka rAjyanA abhilekhAmAM akSarezamAM zirArekhAnA sthAne DAbI TAca upara nAneA ceArasa karavAmAM AvatA. cAlukayo, khuda kheA, pallavA ane ga MgAnA abhilekhAmAM paNa A asara varatAya che.29 gAdAvarI-kRSNA pradezamAM kramazaH kadA, cAluko ane rASTrakUTAnI sattA pravatI. teonA lekhAmAM chevaTe Adya-kAnaDI lipi khIlI jaNAya che. Andhra pradezamAM A asara pravatatAM thADA vilaMba thayA. pUrva cAlukaca rAjyamAM dakhkhaNI zailInI ThIka ThIka asara rahI.30 kRSNa pradezanI dakSiNe AvelA dakSiNa bhAratamAM akSarAnA mareDamAM ghaNA kalAtmaka pheraphAra jovAmAM Ave che. sAtamI sadImAM A pradezamAM graMthalipi pracalita thaI. svaramAtrAone pUrNa vikAsa thayeA.30 A lipi zarUAtamAM telugu-kAnaDI lipi sAthe ThIka ThIka sAmya dharAvatI, paraMtu AgaLa jatAM cAlu kalame lakhavAthI, UbhI ane ADI rekhAone vaLAMkadAra marADa ApavAthI tema ja kAMka kayAMka akSaramAM gAMTha karavAthI A lipie viziSTa svarUpa dhAraNa karyuM. emAM nI mAtrA akSaranI DAkhI bAjue ane anusvAranuM cihna jamaNI bAjue umerAya che.32 vartamAna prAdezika lipi bhAratanI lagabhaga sa vata mAna prAdezika lipi brAhmI lipimAMthI samaya jatAM vikaselI lipie che. emAM draviDa bhASAo mATe vaparAtI lipine For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #104
brAhI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara.. 73 paNa samAveza thAya che arthAta e bhASAo bhAratIya-Arya bhASAkulathI bhinna kulanI hovA chatAM enI lipio brAhmI kulane ja parivAra che. bhAratanI vartamAna lipiomAM nAgarI lipi sahuthI vadhu pradezamAM pracalita che, khAsa karIne uttara bhAratanAM tathA dakhaNamAM. "nAgarI" e "devanAgarI"nuM saMkSipta rUpa che. A nAma prAyaH "devanagara" nAme yaMtra(tAMtrika AkRti)mAM prayojAtA sAMketika akSarone laIne prayojAyuM lAge che.33 dakSiNa bhAratamAM ene "naMdinAgarI" kahe che. A lipisvarUpano prayoga dakhkhaNamAM 8mI sadIthI jovA maLe che, jyAre uttara bhAratamAM e khAsa karIne 10mI sadIthI jovAmAM Ave che. dakSiNa gujarAtanA gujaravaMzanAM tAmrapatro je dakhkhaNanI asaravALI lATalipimAM lakhAyAM che temAM dAnazAsana pharamAvanAra rAjAonA svahasta (daskata) nAgarI lipimAM lakhAyelA che. uttara bhAratamAM kanAjanA pratIhAre, mevADanA guhilo, rAjasthAnanA cAhamAno, kanAjanA gAphaDavAlo, gujarAtanA cauluko, AbumALavAnA paramAra, madhyapradezanA kachapaghAta caMdela ane kalacurio ItyAdi aneka rAjavaMzonA zilAlekho tathA tAmrazAsana nAgarI lipimAM lakhAyAM che. dasamI sadInA abhilekhomAM be UbhI rekhAvALA akSare (dA. ta. ga, gha, 5, ma, 5, 6 ane )mAM nAnI zirorekhA dareka Toca para alaga alaga lakhAtI, paraMtu 11mI sadIthI ene badale eka lAMbI saLaMga zirorekhA lakhAvA lAgI. udayAdityanA ujajana lekha(11mI sadI)mAM aMte pUrI varNamAlA ApavAmAM AvI che. emAM thI jJa sudhInA 14 svaro, anusvAra, visarga, jihavAmUlIya, upaSmAnIya ane 1 thI 4 sudhInA 33 vyaMjanono samAveza thAya che. emAM vartamAna nAgarI akSaronA maroDanI dRSTie , , , , , , , 3, 5, gha, , , ane ma jevA keTalAka akSaronA maroDa vilakSaNa lAge che. emAM 6, , o ane dha zirorekhA vinAnA che. huM ane huM nI svaramAtrA zirorekhA vinAnI che. nI mAtrAmAM akSaranI DAbI bAjue UbhI rekhArUpe lakhAtI paDimAtrA karavAnI prathA pracalita thatI jAya che. samaya jatAM 3, 4 ane mo para zirorekhA lakhAvA lAge che, paraMtu gha mAM zirorekhA pracalita thatAM vadhu samaya lAgyo. daramyAna zirorekhAnA abhAve dhA ane ghA vacce goTALA thAya tema jaNAtAM "dha" mAM "dha" ane kAnAnI vacce nAnI ADI rekhA joDavAmAM AvatI. zo nuM cihna hajI svataMtra raheluM. e cihna (r) jevuM lakhAtAM 3 thI alaga paDatuM. halo akSara darzAvavA akSaranI nIce trAMsI rekhA lakhAtI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA svarasaMdhimAM ! ane mo pachI thatA sane lopa darzAvavA avagrahanuM cihna (5) prayojAyuM. paDimAtrAnI prathA pramANe nI mAtrA mATe akSaranI DAbI bAjue | x + y + 1 + a 2 0 0 0 4 4 .:.nai 33 i 16886 da L 5 u DOdddha Avopae 1 rana 2 2 2 3 5 OM U 1 g. + + 5 makka 3 aga va kha ! 0udbaba A01 ga it tata ta sabha wugha gha gha 4 4 . ma ma rAya dd 2 ca ca 6 6 4 cha cha cha Vla la EE E5 PPF sa sa jha MA A saza It wou 888Ta i . sa 0 Tha Tha Tha da6 5 iDa 143 8Dha it 6 6 6kSa I Iran me Na / 66 jJa ta na AkRti 4: brAhmImAMthI nAgarI kAnA jevI UbhI rekhA lakhAtI, nI mAtrA mATe akSaranI baMne bAjue evI ekeka UbhI rekhA lakhAtI, jyAre che ane mAM nI mAtrA mATe eka UbhI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #106
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara... 75. DimAtrA uparAMta akSaranI upara 6 nI mAtrA darzAvatI trAMsI rekhA karavI paDatI. hastalikhita pratAmAM paMktienI vacce dhaNI echI jagA rAkhavAmAM AvatI. ethI zirArekhA upara UMcI trAMsI rekhA umeravAnuM ane tyAM sudhI TALavAmAM AvatuM ne ene badale UbhI DimAtrAnA upayoga karavAmAM AvatA. bAramI-teramI sadI daramyAna nAgarI lipineA ghaNe aMze vata mAna marADa ghaDAyA che. dA. ta. AbunA paramAra rAjA dhArAva nA eriyA lekha (I. sa. 1,258 ) vAMcatAM prAcInalipividyA na jANanArane bahu theADI takalIpha paDe. che. emAM 3, 6, tha, dhai ane ma jevA jUja akSareA eLakhavA muzkela lAge; a, 6 ane jJa jevA thADAka akSara theDA vilakSaNa chatAM eLakhI zakAya tevA lAge, jyAre bAkInA badhA akSare vata mAna marADanA che. svaramAtrAonI bAbatamAM DimAtrAnI patineA khyAla rAkhavA paDe eTaluM ja. vata mAna nAgarI lipi Ama brAhmI lipimAMthI kramazaH vyutpatti thayelI che (AkRti 4), enI svaramAtrAmAM paNa e ja kramika vikAsa raheleA che (AkRti 5). { l f ? * vi * h tn t H * te AkRti 5 : svaramAtrAonAM rUpAMtara saMyuktAkSareAmAM keTalAka akSara agAunI jema upara-nIce joDAtA, jemake , maiM ane haiM. anuga akSara e TAcavALA hAya athavA pUrvAMga akSara be pAMkhAvALA hAya, teA anuga akSaranI DAkhI TAcane pUrvAMga akSaranA jamaNA pAMkhAnA nIcalA cheDA sAthe joDavAmAM AvatI, jemake ". keTalIka vAra pUrva`ga akSaranI jamaNI rekhA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 76 ane anuga akSaranI DAbI rekhA ekAkAra bane che ne tyAre e e akSara sarakhI sapATIe joDAya che, jethI emAM mATe bhAge pUrvAMga akSaramAM jamaNI UbhI rekhAne leApa thAya che te e akSara chedelA jevA lAge che. jemake, ca, jha, a, sma, mya, vya vagere. anuga ya mAM have enA jUnA viziSTa svarUpane badale sIdhuM caturacihna joDAya che. pUrvAMga oN 'tuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che. jemake zva ane zrImAM. + tamAM agAu nuM DAbuM pAMkhuM sIdhI ADI rekhArUpe alaga rAkhavAmAM AvatuM ene badale ene chevaTe ta nI ADI rekhAmAM ekAkAra karIne DAbI bAjue ene cheDA bahAra nIkaLelA rAkhavAmAM AvyA, jemake . evI rIte te + ta mAM paNa chevaTe tta rUpa pracalita thayuM. anuga 2 pUrvAMga akSaranI UbhI rekhAnI vacce nIce DAkhI bAjue jatI trAMsI rekhArUpe umerAya che, jemake , tra, tra, traM ane tra. cha jevA gALa taLiyAvALA akSarAmAM e kAkapAda AkAre joDAya che, jemake che. saMyuktAkSarAmAM kSa ane jJa nA mareDa enA vamAna mareDanI najIka AvyA che. 7 mATe 7 nI DAbI ADI rekhAnI upara ene samAMtara ADI rekhA umerAtI. inga mAM na nI nIce na joDatAM vacce taraMgAkAra rekhA thatI tene badale sIdhI rekhA karIne na ne vacce ADI rekhAthI chedavAmAM AvatA. uttara bhAratanA nAgarI akSaramAM amuka akSarAnA judI jAtanA mareDa vikasyA, jyAre dakhkhaNamAM ene badale tra, jJa, na, F ane kSa evA mareDa prayalita thayA (AkRti 6). gujarAtamAM agAu abhilekhAmAM tathA graMthAmAM A Na 6 ma ajha Na bhakSa . AkRti 6 : nAgarI akSarAmAM vaikalpika rUpa A akSarAnA uttarI maroDa vadhu pracalita thayelA, paraMtu muMbaImAM mudraNa mATe taiyAra thayelA akSarAnAM bIbAMmAM mahArASTranI asara nIce e akSarezanA dukhaNI marADa prayAAtAM ne gujarAtamAM chapAyelA saMskRta gra MthA mATe e bIbAM pracalita thatAM arvAcIna gujarAtanI nAgarI lipimAM prAyaH uttarI marADane badale kruppaNI mareha pracalita thayA che. gujarAtamAM nAgarI lipi pahelavahelI dakSiNa gujarAtanA gujara rAjAonA abhilekhA(I. sa. 628735)mAM kotarelA teonA svahastamAM dekhA de che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara... e gurjara rAjAo mULamAM rAjasthAnanA gujarakulanA hovAthI emanA hastAkSaramAM nAgarI lipinI asara rahelI hoya e svAbhAvika che, paraMtu nAgarI lipi gujarAtamAM vyApaka pramANamAM pracalita thavA lAgI anumaitrakakAla (I. sa. 788-942 ) daramyAna. siMdhathI AvI pazcima saurASTramAM vaselA sindhava vaMzanA rAjAonA tema ja kanAjanA pratIhAronA Adhipatya nIce rAjya karatA dakSiNa saurASTranA cAlukya vaMzanA tathA uttara-pUrva saurASTranA cApavaMzanA rAjAonA tAmrapatromAM uttarI nAgarI lipi prayojAI. taLa gujarAtanAM. rASTrakUTavaMzanAM tAmrapatromAM paNa have lATalipinI sAthe sAthe nAgarI lipi pracalita thaI gaI ne chevaTe mAtra nAgarI lipi ja vaparAI. saMkhyAdarzaka aMkacihnomAM paNa have navIna zailI pracalita thaI. Ama navamI sadI daramyAna gujarAtamAM lipinA kSetre bhAre parivartana thayuM. caulukyakAla (I.sa. 942-1304) daramyAna gujarAtamAM nAgarI lipi lagabhaga arvAcIna avasthA pAmI. A kALa daramyAna 6, 2, 4, 5, 1 ane 2 jevA akSara ane arvAcIna mareDa dhAraNa kare che, jyAre tra, , , 3, 4, sa, 6 ane ma jevA thaDA akSaronA mareDa vilakSaNa rahyA che. huM ane huM nI svaramAtrAmAM zirorekhA umerAI nathI ne 9 nI mAtrA mATe paDimAtrA vizeSa pracalita che. zirekhA mA ane 9 nI mAtrA sudhI vistare che, paNa ene ArapAra chedatI nathI. mULAkSaranAM ga, gha, 4 ane za nI sarakhAmaNIe enA uttarI maraDa vizeSa pracalita che. ane ma nA baMne mareDa lokapriya che, jivAmUlIya ane upappAnIyane praga lupta thatA jAya che. vAbhAvatI zaMkhanuM maMgalacihna agAu jevuM hatuM te have 8 jevuM svarUpa dhAraNa kare che ne enI jamaNI bAjue zunya jevuM cihna umerAya che. A maMgalacihna hAla "bhale mIDu' tarIke oLakhAya che. te nA jUnA maroDa(3)mAM anusvAra umerIne " " nuM cihna lakhAtuM. caulukyakAla pachInA be saikAo (lagabhaga I. sa. 1300 thI 1500) daramyAna ane jIe vartamAna mareDa dhAraNa karyo. 3 ne uttarI maroDa pracalita che. nna ane manA maroDa hajI vilakSaNa rahyA che. za ne dakhaNI maroDa vadhAre pracalita thayo, jyAre ma ane jevA akSaromAM uttarI maroDa. vadhAre vaparAto. anusvAra ane visarganAM cihnomAM have polA mIDAne badale biMdu vadhu pracalita thayuM. huM nI mAtrAmAM have akSaranI zirorekhA e mAtrA. sudhI laMbAvA lAgI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA . e pachInA traNa zataka (I. sa. 1500thI 1800) daramyAna mo nuM svataMtra cihna lupta thayuM ne ene badale 2 parathI sAdhita thayeluM mo nuM rUpa pracalita thayuM. , dha ane za nA arvAcIna maroDa ghaDAyA. bA ane ma nA maroDa aMzataH arvAcIna banyA. no uttarI maraDa pracalita rahyo. vaikalpika svarUpomAM 35, 3, pa, ma, 4, znanA uttarI maroDa vizeSa pracalita hatA. << ne badale have ha je khaMDita mareDa vadhu pracalita thayuM. i ane monI mAtrAmAM have pati mAtrAne badale zire mAtrA pracalita thaI ane nI mAtrAmAM akSaranI zirorekhA have mAtrA sudhI haMmezAM laMbAya che, paraMtu koI svaramAtrAnI ubhI rekhAne e ArapAra chedatI nathI. mudraNa mATenAM bIbAMmAM zirorekhA mA, 6, chuM, ane tenI UbhI rekhAne ArapAra chede teTalI laMbAvAI', 8 ane 2nA utarI maraDa pracalita rahyA. 19mI sadInA uttarArdha daramyAna mudraNAlayanA bALabodha maroDanAM bIbAM mAraphate gujarAtamAM mahArASTranA bALabodha maroDa vyApaka pramANamAM pracalita thayA. A kAla daramyAna jenonA Azraye lakhAtA graMthamAM lahiyAoe sauSThavayukta sulekhananI viziSTa paripATI vikasAvI, jene "jena nAgarI lipi" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. A lipimAM mukhyatve uttarI maraDanAM jUnAM svarUpa pracalita rahyAM che; AthI 6, 3, 4, zna, 2, 3, 4, ane la - e akSaronA maroDa vilakSaNa thayA che (AkRti 7). A lipisvarUpa hastalikhita pratimAM pracalita raheluM che, abhilekhomAM pracalita thayuM nathI. ka 1 = 4 5 R & i chajhaila AkRti 7 : jaina lipinA vilakSaNa akSara paraMtu gujarAtamAM samaya jatAM prAdezika lipinuM viziSTa svarUpa ghaDAyuM, je gujarAtI lipi tarIke oLakhAya che. enA maraDano AraMbha 15mI sadIthI 2 nA prAdezika nAgarI maromAM dekhA de che. gujarAtI prajAne ghaNo vaga vepAradhaMdhAmAM paDelo hoI ene rojiMdA hisAba-kitAba mATe zirorekhAvALA akSaranI paripATI mAphaka na AvI, kemake zirorekhAvALA akSaro lakhatAM vadhu For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara. vakhata lAge che. AthI ene badale saLaMga zirorekhA tarIke pahelAM eka AkhI lITI dorIne enI nIce zirorekhA vinAnA akSare lakhavAnI paripATI pracalita thaI. vaLI zIghalekhana mATe akSarene vadhu vaLAMkadAra maroDa ApavAmAM Avyo; ne ethI ghaNuM akSaronA upalA DAbA cheDAne ane nIcalA jamaNA cheDAne svAbhAvika rIte goLamaroDavALo karavAmAM Avyo,35 jemake ga, gha, , ta, tha, da, dha, 5, 2, 5, 2, va, za, Sa, sa ane hamAM. ra ane Dha jevA akSaromAM mAtra upalA cheDAne ane , la tathA va jevA akSaromAM mAtra nIcalA cheDAne vaLAMkadAra maroDa ApavAnI jarUra paDI. 2 ane jevA je jUja akSara apavAdarUpe jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAya che, temAM upalA cheDAne jamaNI bAjuno vaLAMka ApavAmAM AvyuM. 3, 5, 3, 6 ane huM jevA akSaremAM zirorekhAne jaDatI UbhI nAnI rekhAno lopa karavAmAM Avyo. e mAM DAbA pAMkhAnA nIcalA cheDAne ane vacalA pAMkhAnA upalA cheDAne DAbI bAjane vaLAMka ApavAmAM Avyo. 3 mAM upalA cheDAne DAbI bAjune vaLAMka ApavAmAM AvyuM. uparAMta enA nIcalA vaLAMkane UMce sudhI laMbAvavAmAM Avyo. 4 nI bAbatamAM e vaLAMkane jamaNI bAjue laMbAvI cheka nIce utAravAmAM AvyuM. A rIte u, U, ga, gha, Da, cha, Ta, Tha, Da, Dha, Na, ta, tha, da, dha, na, 5, ma, ya, ra, la, va, za, Sa, sa ane ha jevA ghaNA akSaronA gujarAtI maraDa nAgarI rUpamAM sahejasAja pheraphAra karavAthI taiyAra thayA. sanA uttarI maroDane zirorekhA vinA ane saLaMga kalame lakhatAM "a"maroDa ghaDA. 3 ne e rIte zirorekhA vinA ane saLaMga kalame lakhatAM enA nIcalA cheDAne jamaNI bAjue UMce laMbAvavAmAM Avyo. mAM enA upalA vaLAMkane I'nA jamaNA cheDA sAthe joDavAmAM AvyuM. nAgarI lipimAM jema chevaTe to nuM svataMtra rU5 lupta thayuM tema gujarAtI lipimAM 9 nuM svataMtra rUpa paNa lupta thayuM. AthI e, e, o ane au e cAreya akSarane "a" mAM te te svaramAtrA umerIne sAMdhita karavAmAM Ave che. zirorekhA vinA lakhAtAM na mareDa jamaNI bAju jhUkato gayo ne chevaTe e jhoka lagabhaga poNA bhAga jeTalo thayo. ravane zirorekhA vinA lakhatAM rava" jevuM rUpa thAya. AthI ene badale tene sthAne ghaNI vAra prayojAtA 5 mAMthI "kha" jevuM vilakSaNa rUpa sAdhavAmAM AvyuM. 2 mAM vacalI rekhAne ADI UbhI rekhAthI alaga pADatAM ane enuM AkhuM DAbuM pAMkhuM saLaMga lakhAtAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
80 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA * > : chevaTe ca' marADa dhaDAyA. zirArekhA vinAnA 6 mAM vacalI TAMcathI zarU karI DAbI pAMkhAne cAlu kalame lakhI jamaNA pAMkhAne trAMsa ApatAM ja mADa thayA. jJa nA jUnA marADamAM zirArekhA lupta thatAM ane jamaNI bAju upara nAnI UbhI rekhA umerAtAM vaLAMkadAra laDhaNe 'a' nAmareDa thayA. hramAM zizarekhA vinAnA mareADamAM nI jema jamaNI bAjunA jhAka AvyA te ene 'ka' thI alaga pADavA mATe enI nIce '2' nA nIcalA bhAga jevu cihna umerAyuM. 7te zirorekhA vinA saLaMga jhaDapI kalame lakhatAM ba' mareADa dhaDAyA. ma mAM zirorekhA lupta thatAM te meM te DAbe upaleA cheDe vaLAMkadAra thatAM meM ane maiM nA gujarAtI maroDa sarakhA thaI jatAM meM nA DAbA pAMkhAte nIce lakhAvavAmAM AvyuM, jethI e akSaranA * ma ' sAthe bhrama thAya nahi. mAM zizarekhA tathA tene joDatI nAnI UbhI rekhAnA leApa thatAM ane akSarane jhaDapathI lakhatAM enA DAbA pAMkhAne upale bhAga tathA jamaNA pAMkhAneA nIcalA bhAga sIdhA thayA. ( maiM maiM ana 6 khakhakha jha 6 haiM baba S_ja_ *8 da v da da vjha jaLa chuM. OM do i khaja phapha 5 3 4 ba ya ya chaeN bheM la AkRti 8 : gujarAtI akSarAnu ghaDatara Ama jhaDapathI ane saLaMga kalame lakhatAM zirekhA vinAnA nAgarI varNIe svAbhAvika rIte echAM-vattAM parivartana dvArA gujarAtI mareDa dhA raNa karyAM ( AkRti 8 ). svaramAtrAmAM kAnAne nIcale cheDe paNa vaLAMkadAra thayA. 'ja' mAM 'I' nI svaramAtrA joDAtAM e svaramAtrAe DAbI bAjunA vaLAMka lIdhA ne piraNAme jI' jevuM vilakSaNa rUpa ghaDAyuM. vaLI 'ja' mAM 'u' ane U' svaramAtrA akSaranI nIce sIdhI na umeratAM ene kAnA karIne ene nIcale ' For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara.. cheDe umeravAnI paripATI paDI. da mATe "rU" jevuM rUpa pracalita thayuM. saMyuktAkSaramAM ghaNA pUrvaga akSaranI jamaNuM UbhI rekhAno lepa karIne enI sAthe anuga akSara joDAya che, jemake khya, m, tha, 7, zya, 5, ma, nya, sa, khya, mbha, ma, ya, va, vya, kSma ane sta. bAkInA akSara paikI keTalAkamAM pUrvaga akSaranuM saMkucita svarUpa prajAya che, jema ke kava, jave. evI rIte anuga ca mAM DAbA pAMkhAne cheDe cAMca kADhIne ene pUrvaga akSara sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che, jemake zya. keTalAka akSaranAM gujarAtI svarUpa judAM hovA chatAM enA saMyuktAkSaro nAgarI Dhabe lakhAya che, jemake ddha, gha, gha, Tha, za, zra, bha, hya. bAkInA saMyuktAkSaramAM jarUra paDatAM pUrvaga akSarane halanta darzAvavo paDe che, jema kRva, TUMva, kUva, kUva, kUva, ba, dubha, phUta, hava. pUrvaga "ha" sAthenA saMyuktAkSara tenA nIcalA bhAganI aMdara anuga akSarane gaThavIne ya lakhAya che, jemake , ane ha. pUrvaga "ra" nI rephane anuga akSaranI Toca upara nAgarInI jema cApAkAre lakhavAmAM Ave che, jemake ke, ta, 5, me ane la. anuga "ra" ne sIdhA UbhI pAMkhavALA akSaromAM nAgarI lipinI jema vaccethI DAbI bAjue nIce jatI trAMsI rekhArUpe joDavAmAM Ave che, jemake gra, pra, ba, bhra, mra, vra, ane stra. "2" mAM "tanI ADI rekhA trAMsI bane che. ka, ja, da, pha, ane ha jevA akSaromAM paNa e A rIte joDAya che. paraMtu cha, Ta, ane Da jevA aTapaTA akSaromAM kAkapAda (A) rUpe joDAya che, jemake chu, dra, rU. aMkacihnomAM 2, 7, ane 8 maDadAra banyA. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ane 8 nAM cihnonuM saraLIkaraNa thayuM, cihna sIdhA maroDanAM thayAM ne enA cheDA vaLAMkadAra banyA. "3" mAM ane "" mAM nIcaluM pAMkhuM lupta thayuM. AgaLa jatAM "da"nuM nIcaluM pAMkhuM DAbI bAjue vALIne ene mareDa 6' jevo karavAmAM Avyo. "ra" mAM nIcalA puchAkArane lopa karI DAbI bAjunA cApAkAra ane jamaNI bAjunI ADI rekhAne alaga pADI ene "8" rUpe be TukaDe lakhavAmAM AvyuM. A lipi zarUAtamAM vepArIonA hisAba-kitAbamAM vaparAtI ne AthI e vANiyAzAI lipi',34 ke "mahAjana lipi 37 tarIke oLakhAtI. saMskRta graMthe tema ja gujarAtI graMthe paNa lAMbA vakhata lagI "zAstrI akSaro" mAM 38 bhA. 6 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA arthAta nAgarI lipimAM lakhAtA. paraMtu gujarAtI lipi lakhavAmAM saraLa ane jhaDapI hoI gujarAtI graMthanA lekhana mATe pracalita thatI rahI. A prakriyAne AraMbha 15 mI sadIthI spaSTa jovA maLe che.38a I. sa. 1800nA arasAmAM ahIM mudraNakalA dAkhala thaI tyAre pArasI vagere dhaMdhAdArI vargoe gujarAta mATe A lokabhogya lipi pasaMda karI.39 zarUAtamAM chApakAma zilAchApathI thatuM tyAre gujarAtI akSaronI upara AkhI saLaMga lITI dorAtI, paraMtu akSaronAM chUTaka bIbAM prajAtAM e lITI doravAnI paripATIne tilAMjalI devAmAM AvI. have hastalikhita lakhANomAM paNa evI lITI bhAgye ja dorAya che. mudraNa mATe gujarAtI lipinA tamAma mULAkSare; mAtrAo, saMyuktAkSara vagerene vikAsa thayo che. TAIpa kAmamAM cihnonI saMkhyA jema bane tema ochI rAkhavAnI hovAthI enA cihna-AjanamAM virala pramANamAM vaparAtAM cihnono samAveza karavAmAM Avyo nathI, paraMtu lekhanakalAnI daSTie emAM eTalI UNapa rahI jAya che. nAgarI lipinA akSara jhaDapathI lakhAya e hetuthI mahArASTramAM paNa emAM keTalAka sudhArA karavAmAM AvelA. emAM nAnI nAnI zirorekhAne badale lAMbI lITI doryA karavAmAM AvatI ne eka athavA vadhu zabda athavA AkhI lITI saLaMga kalame lakhavAmAM AvatI. A lipine meDI lipi kahe che. emAM , 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, ta, na, ma, ya, za ane 5 jevA akSaro nAgarI akSarone maLatA Ave che. "I" ane "ja" gujarAtI akSaro jevA che. ra3, 1, 2, ane 2 prAcIna telugu-ka-naDa akSarane maLatA che. tene AkAra ke je thayuM hovAthI 2 nI aMdara biMdu umeravAmAM Ave che. 3, 3, 4, 2, tra, 2, 3, 5, , , , , , , TU ane nA maroDa ThIka ThIka vilakSaNa che. akSarone ekaMdara maroDa vaLAMkadAra che. ghaNA akSaranA nIcalA bhAga goLa che, jema ke 6, , , , , , , , , , , ane 2. svaramAtrAmAM - ane 3-3 nI mAtrAo sarakhI che. aMkacihnomAM 3 ane 4 gujarAtI aMka jevA che. A lipi hemAdri paMDite upajAvI manAya che, paraMtu kharekhara enuM 'ghaDatara zivAjInA ciTanIsa bAlAjI avAjI tathA vivalakara nAme vidvAnanA hAthe thayuM che. A lipi hisAbakitAba tathA patravyavahAramAM lAMbo samaya pracalita rahI. marAThA kAla daramyAna rAjasthAnanA thoDA zilAlekha A lipimAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara... 3 ketarAyelA che.41 A lipi mADInI prAthamika zALAomAM zIkhavAtI, paraMtu mudraNa--kAlamAM nAgarI lipi apanAvAtAM meADI lipi luptaprAya thavA lAgI che. A nAgarI lipine uttara bhAratanI nAgarI lipi sAthe sarakhAvatAM emAM 6, jJa, La, maiM ane kSa ne mareDa judA paDe che.42 AvI rIte rAjasthAnanAM mahAjanI ke rAjasthAnI nAkhe taLapadI lipiprakAra pracalita thayelA, paraMtu hAla tyAM paNa nAgarI lipi pracalita thatAM e vilakSaNa lipitrakAra lupta thayA che. : bhAratanA uttara-pazcimanA pradezamAM nAgarI lipi sAthe aMzataH maLatI Ave ane aMzataH enAthI bhinna lAge evI lipie vikasI. emAM zAradA, TAkarI ane gurumukhI e traNeya prAcIna zAradAlipimAMthI UtarI AvI che. A prAcIna lipi lagabhaga dasamI sadIthI agAunI Adya-nAgarI jevI lipimAMthI vikaselI. A lipimeAmAM zAradAlipi pAyArUpa che. e zAradAdeza' ke zAradAmaMDala' kahevAtA kAzmIra pradezanI lipi che. emAM 6, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 1, ca, ra, haiM, vaeN ane cha jevA keTalAka akSara nAgarI akSare jevA che; bAkInA vilakSaNa che. emAM 6 nI jema konuM svataMtra svarUpa sacavAyuM che. rU, 4, 5, 1 ane sa saLa Mga zirArekhA vinAnA che.43 6 nAgarI maiM te, " nAgarI ne, jJa nAgarI nA, Ta nAgarI 6 te, te nAgarI 3 nA, 5 nAgarI tha nA, 6 nAgarI ma nA, jJa nAgarI meM te!, ane sa nAgarI meM te bhrama karAve tevA che. svaramAtrAe mAM OM, OM, ra, , 6 ane hU~ nI mAtrAe nAgarI mAtrAe jevI che. rU ane hU~ nI mAtrAmAM zirekhA karAtI nathI. , i ane nI mAtrAe taraMgAkAra che. akacihnomAM " sivAyanAM badhAM cihna vilakSaNa che.44 TAkarI lipi jammu ane uttara paMjAbamAM pracalita che. 'TAkarInAma' 'Thakkara'-' ThAkura ' mAMthI athavA 'TAMka' mAMthI udbhavyuM gaNAya che.4pa ThAkura rAjapUtA che ne TAMka luhANA. jammu pradezamAM enuM DegarI svarUpa ane cabA pradezamAM camiyAlI svarUpa pracalita che. nAgarI lipinA vyApaka prasArane laIne A lipi lupta thavA lAgI che. TAkarI lipi e zAradA lipinuM vaLAMkAra svarUpa che. emAM 3, 4, ca, , ane meM jevA aneka akSara zirekhA vinAnA che, jyAre 3, 6, 6, 3, 4, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA , , ga, , 3, 4, 8, , , , , , , ma, ma, 2, 5 ane dR mAM e DAbI bAjunI nAnI rekhArUpe lakhAya che. AkhI saLaMga zirorekhA to , 5, 2, , , , , 3, 4 ane sa jevA jUja akSaromAM ja che. 3 gujarAtI "u" je che. sarva zirorekhA vinAne Sa che. cha nAgarI 5 ne, nAgarI Dha no ane 6 nAgarI 3ne bhrama karAve tevo che. mAM nuM cihna = parathI sAdhita thayuM che. svaramAtrAmAM mA nI mAtrA UbhI trAsI rekhAnuM, DanI mAtrA aMtargoLa rekhAnuM, g nI mAtrA sIdhI ADI rekhAnuM ane tenI mAtrA taraMgAkAra rekhAnuM svarUpa dharAve che. , , , , gha, ca, jha, , , , , , , , dha, 5, ma, me, ca, 2 ane 3 jevA ghaNu akSarenAM svarUpa zAradA lipinA zIghalikhita vaLAMkadAra mareDa jevAM che. sAmAnya loko AmAM ghaNI vAra svaramAtrAo lagAvatA nahi athavA enI jagyAe mULa svara lakhI detA. AthI TAkarI lipinA AvA lekha tathA abhilekha vAMcavAmAM ghaNI muzkelI paDe che. paMjAbanA vepArI vagere dhaMdhAdArI vargomAM pahelAM "laMDA" nAme mahAjanI lipi pracalita hatI, jemAM svaramAtrAo lagAvavAmAM AvatI nahi. zIkha dharmanA graMthe e lipimAM lakhAvA lAgatAM guru goviMdasiMha (16mI sadI) dharmagraMthanA zuddha lekhana mATe emAMthI svaramAtrAovALI zuddha lipi ghaDI. AthI ene garamukhI lipi kahe che. enA , 6, , gha, ca, cha, Ta, 3, 4, ta, tha, , 5, 1, 2, ma, ma, ya, sa, za, Sa ane sa zAradA akSarone maLatA Ave che. ya, ra, gha, 5, 5 ane 6 jevA jUja akSare sivAya badhA akSare para saLaMga zirorekhA karavAmAM Ave che. eT nuM svataMtra svarUpa che. have e ja nuM svarUpa che. na e nAgarI ja ne, ta nAgarI 3 ne, tha nAgarI , nAgarI Dhane, ma nAgarI mane ane 1 nAgarI mane bhrama karAve tevo che. tenI ADI rekhAnI nIce biMdu umeravAthI za thAya che. svaramAtrAomAM mA, 6, kuM, I ane che nI mAtrAo nAgarI mAtrA jevI che, jyAre 3, 3, ane nI mAtrAo vilakSaNa che. aMkacihno nAgarI cihno jevAM che.46 zIkhonA dhama. graMtha gurUmukhI lipimAM lakhAya che ne paMjAbI bhASA mATe paNa A lipi vaparAya che. bihAramAM kAyastha lokoe nAgarI lipinuM jhaDapathI lakhAya tevuM svarUpa prokyuM. ene "kaMthI lipi' kahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
brAhmI lipinAM akAlIna rUpAMtara. 85 kethI lipinAM sAmAnya lakSaNa gujarAtI lipinAM sAmAnya lakSaNone maLatAM Ave che. emAM jhaDapathI lakhavA mATe akSaronI alaga alaga zirorekhA choDI devAmAM AvI che ne pachI akSarane thoDo vaLAMkadAra moDa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. ene "a" gujarAtI "zra" jevo che. Sa' mAMthI sAbita thayela "kha" gujarAtI "kha" ne maLato che. "bha" ane "ma" mAM thoDA trAMsane ja pharaka rahelo che. "la" gujarAtI "la" ne maLato che. "ba" ane "va" sarakhA che, tethI mudraNamAM 'va' mATe enA DAbA pAMkhAnI nIce biMdu umeravAmAM Ave che, svaramAtrAo tathA aMkacihno nAgarI mareDanAM che.47 gujarAtI lipinI jema pahelAM kaithI lipimAM paNa AkhI saLaMga lITI doravAmAM AvatI, paraMtu mudraNanI saraLatA mATe e lITIne tilAMjali devAmAM AvI che. mithilA, magadha ane bhojapura pradezamAM kethI lipinAM thoDAM bhinna svarUpa pracalita che. paraMtu dasamI sadIthI pUrva bhAratamAM Ava-nAgarI lipinuM jarA bhinna rUpAMtara thavA lAgyuM. samaya jatAM nAgarI lipithI enI bhinnatA vadhatI gaI ne emAMthI baMgALI, maithilI, nepAlI vagere lipio ghaDAI baMgALI lipi baMgALA, AsAma, bihAra, nepAla ane orissAnA prAcIna abhilekhomAM tathA hastalikhita graMthamAM prajAI che. hAla A lipi baMgALA tathA AsAmamAM pracalita che.48 emAM pahelethI ane sarakhA lakhAya che; vastutaH tyAMnI bhASAmAM e baMne akSaro mATe "ba ja uccArAya che. emAM o nuM svataMtra svarUpa sacavAyuM che. , , , , , , , , g, ga, gha, ga, gha, 1 ane za sivAyanA sava akSarane zirorekhA hoya che. 3 ane 4 mAM zirekhA upara jI nI nAgarI mAtrA jevI trAMsI vaLAMkadAra rekhA umerAya che. zirorekhA vinAnA ne ane zirorekhAvALA ne maroDa sarakho che. mATe nuM ja cihna vaparAya che. jene mareDa paNa ene maLato che, paraMtu enA DAbA pAMkhAnI nIce biMdu umerIne enI pRthaphatA darzAvavAmAM Ave che, ta ane ma mAM zirekhA akSarathI alaga rahe che. mAM nI svaramAtrA zirorekhAnA jamaNa cheDAthI nIce UtarI pAchI UMce jAya tema saLaMga lakhAtI hoI temAM zarUAtamAM thoDo khAMce paDe che. 3 nI baMgALI mAtra 3 nI nAgarI mAtrAne zrama karAve tevI che. nI mAtrA mATe DAbI bAjunI UbhI paDi mAtrA vaparAya che; ene mareDa vaLAMkadAra che. anusvAranuM cihna akSaranI jamaNI bAjue umerAya che ne emAM polA mIMDA uparAMta enI nIce trAMsI rekhA karavAmAM Ave che. aMkacihnomAM 2 ane 8 nAM cihna nAgarI cihnone maLatAM che, bAkInAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vilakSaNa che. enAM rU nuM cihna nAgarI 7ne bhrama karAve tevuM che. ca no uccAra tyAM na jevo thato hovAthI jyAM ya uccAravAno hoya tyAM tenA DAbA pAMkhA nIce biMdu umeravAmAM Ave che. A lipimAM anusvArane badale te te vargane anunAsika pracalita che. saMyuktAkSaromAM pUvaga ta ane anuga ca viziSTa mareDa dharAve che. halane te mATe nAgarI ? jevuM cihna che ne saMyuktAkSaramAM pUrvaga ta mATe paNa moTe bhAge e cihna prayojAya che. jema kaithI lipi e nAgarI lipinuM rUpAMtara che tema maithilI lipi e baMgALI lipinuM rUpAMtara che. mithila (tirahuta) pradezanA brAhmaNe saMskRta graMtha lakhavAmAM A lipi vAparatA. emAM va.ne 3 judA che. svaramAtrAomAM 3 nI mAtrA nAgarI mAtrA jevI che. aMkacihnomAM rU nuM cihna paNa nAgarI rU jevuM che. bAkInI badhI bAbatomAM A lipinA akSara baMgALI lipinA akSaranAM jhaDapathI lakhI zakAya tevA vaLAMkadAra rUpAMtara jevA che." urU athavA uDiyA (orissA) pradezanI lipine uDiyA lipi kahe che. A lipi prAcIna baMgALI lipimAMthI nIkaLI che, paraMtu saLaMga kalame lakhAya tevA mareDa tathA goLAIdAra zirekhAne laIne A lipinA akSara ghaNA vilakSaNa lAge che. chatAM i, che, go ne zI e cAra akSara to baMgALI jevA che. svaramAtrAonAM cihna paNa baMgALI cihna jevAM che. aMkacihnomAM 4, 7, ane 6 nAM cihna nAgarI cihnone maLatAM che, jyAre bAkInAM vilakSaNa che.pa0 - prAcIna telugu-kAnaDI lipimAM samaya jatAM akSaranI goLAI vadhavA lAgI ne jhaDapathI lakhavAne lIdhe akSaranA maraDa badalAtA gayA. pariNAme, emAMthI vartamAna telugu tathA vartamAna kAnaDI evI be lipio vikasI. telugu lipi khAsa karIne AMdhra pradezamAM ane enI AsapAsanA bhAgamAM pracalita che. emAM 3 thI . sudhInA sarva svara mATe svataMtra cihno che eTaluM ja nahi, ane 3onAM sva tathA dIrgha evAM babbe cihna pracalita che. vyaMjanomAM nuM cihna 4 nA cihna parathI sAbita kareluM che. 3 ane 4 nI mAtrA akSaranI jamaNI bAjue joDAya che. svaramAtrAomAM paNa I tathA ao nI dUrva-dIrgha evI babbe mAtrAo che. aMkacihnomAM 3 ane 4 sivAyanAM cihna vilakSaNa che. telugu lipinA akSara ekaMdare goLamaToLa AkAra dharAve che te emAM nAgarI lipinI jema ADI zirorekhA hotI nathI.51 "telugu" nAma telaMga" (telaMgaNu) parathI paDyuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
brAhmI lipinAM anukalIna rUpAMtara. kAnaDI lipi e karNATa(karNATaka)nI lipi che. e hAla mAyasosa rAjya ane enI AsapAsanA bhAgamAM pracalita che. enA ghaNA akSara telugu lipinA akSare jevA che. phakta 3, 3, , , , sa ane huM vadhu judA paDe che. vartamAna 3 prAcIna 3 mAMthI banyuM nathI, paraMtu ma mAM 3 nI mAtrA umeravAthI banyo che. telugunI jema kAnaDI lipimAM paNa babe jAtanA 9 ane banne jAtanA po che-hasva ne dIdhuM. jI 4 mAMthI thayo che. A lipinA akSarene mareDa paNa goLamaToLa che chatAM keTalAka akSaremAM ADI zirorekhA che, jemake te thI , ma thI 2 ane thI 6. 3 ane 4 nI mAtrA akSaranI jamaNI bAjue joDAya che. svaramAtrAmAM paNa tathA mo nA hasva-dIdha evA bae maroDa hoya che.para je pradezamAM tamiLa lipi pracalita che tyAM saMskRta graMtha lakhavA mATe telugu-kAnaDI lipine maLatI eka khAsa lipi vikasI. ene graMthalipi kahe che. samaya jatAM cAlu kalame lakhavAthI, UbhI tathA ADI rekhAone vaLAMkadAra banAvavAthI ne ghaNuM akSaromAM zarUAtamAM vacce ke aMtamAM gAMTha jevo AkAra ApavAthI A lipi vartamAna telugu ane kAnaDI lipiothI ghaNI vilakSaNa banI gaI. emAM zo nuM svataMtra ciddana che; ne tathA mAM hasva-dIrdhAne bheda nathI. rU nI mAtrA jamaNI bAjue joDAya che; ne 3 nI paNa. [ nI. mAtrA DAbI bAjue joDAya che. je mATe evI be mAtrAo DAbI bAjue umerAya che. bo mATe jamaNI bAjue mA nI ane DAbI bAjue 9 nI mAtrA umerAya che. paraMtu mo mATe jamaNI bAjue ane mA nI saMyukta mAtrA ane DAbI bAjue g nI mAtrA umerAya che.53 mudraNakalA pracalita thatAM zarUAtamAM A pradezamAM saMskRta graMtha graMthalipimAM chapAvA lAgelA, paraMtu have e graMtha nAgarImAM chapAya che. kerala rAjyamAM malayALama lipi pracalita che. A lipi graMtha-lipinuM vaLAMkadAra rUpAMtara che. A lipimAM saMskRta graMtha paNa lakhAya che. telugu tathA kAnaDInI jema malayALama lipimAM paNa zu tathA meM mAM sva-dIrghane bheda rahelo che. mA, rU ane huM nI mAtrA akSaranI jamaNI bAjue umerAya che ne ! nI mAtrA DAbI bAjue.pa4 dakSiNa kannaDa pradezamAM saMskRta graMtha lakhavA mATe vaparAtI tuLu lipi malayALama lipinuM thoDA pheraphAravALuM rUpa che.55 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #119
88 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA tamiLanADu rAjayamAM vaparAtI lipine tamiLalipi kahe che. "tamiLa" eTale kamila arthAta draviDa. tamiLa bhASAnI varNamAlAmAM ghaNuM eAchA vyaMjana rahelA che-2, 3, , ga, sa, za, ta, na, 5, ma, ya, 2, 4, 2 ane che. Ama AmAM saMskRta varNamAlAnA 18 akSara (1, 2, 6, che, , , 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, dha, , va, ma, rA, 5 ane sa) khUTe che. AthI A lipi draviDa (tamiLa) bhASA mATe ja kAma lAge, saMskRta bhASA mATe nahi. saMskRta graMtha to tethI graMthalipimAM lakhavA paDe. tamiLalipinA ghaNA akSara graMthalipinA akSaro sAthe ThIka ThIka sAmya dharAve che.pa6 draviDa bhASAonI lipiomAM hasva-dIrgha I tathA ene bheda tamiLa lipimAM zarU thayo jaNAya che.pa7 nA ane nI mAtrA akSaranI jamaNI bAjue, huM nI mAtrA akSaranI upara ane tathA che nI mAtrA DAbI bAjue umerAya che. emAM mA nI mAtrA jamaNI bAjue ane nI mAtrA DAbI bAjue umerAya che. tamiLa lipimAM saMkhyA darzAvavA mATe 1 thI 9 sudhInAM aMkacidRne uparAMta 10, 100, 1000 vagerenAM alaga cihna pracalita che. vaccenI saMkhyAo mATe jarUrI cidanonuM saMjana karavAmAM Ave che. jema ke 11 mATe 10 ane 1nuM ane 20 mATe 2 ne 10 nuM.58 Ama mauryakAlIna brAhmI lipinuM judA judA pradezomAM rUpAMtara thatAM bhAratanI ghaNIkharI vartamAna lipio ghaDAI che. abhilekhonA vAcana mATe te te pradezanA te samayanA lipimareDanI jANakArI jarUrI bane che. hisAbaktiAba mATe pracalita thayelA keTalAka lipimareDa hAla lagabhaga lupta thaI gayA che, paraMtu nAgarI, gujarAtI, gurUmukhI, baMgALI, uDiyA, telugu, kAnaDI, malayALama ane tamiLa jevI je lipio adyaparyata pracalita rahI che, tenI jANakArI paNa Avazyaka bane che, kemake arvAcIna abhilekho have prAyaH A vartamAna prAdezika lipimAM lakhAya che. draviDa bhASAonuM kula bhAratIya AryabhASAonA kulathI sAva bhinna havA chatAM e baMne kulonI bhASAo mATe prayojAtI tamAma lipio eka ja kulanI (brAhmI kulanI) che e khAsa noMdhapAtra che. pAdaTIpa 1. najIkanA anukAlIna lekhomAM maLatA varNonA maroDa parathI phUM, 3, , che, ane ne mauryakAlIna maroDa jANavA maLe che. emAM kada ne nAM cihna svataMtra che. te parathI mA, ru parathI rUM, 3 parathI 8, parathI che ane go parathI o nuM cihna nAnI rekhA ke biMdunA umeraNathI sAdhavAmAM AvyuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
brAhmI lipinAM anuSkAlIna rUpAMtara... 89 1. vyAkaraNanI dRSTie kharI rIte aMtagata ztra ne leApa darzAvavA pUrvAMga akSarane nAnA ke chedele darzAvavA joI e. kru-i, Dani, lP, p. 47 2. Buhler, lP, pp. 51 f; mAtrAhi, thru 46; Pandey, 1P, p. 17 3. Upasak, " History and Paleography of the Mauryan Indian Paleo *C/ "C Brahmi Script," pp. 25 ff. Dani, graphy," pp. 34 f. 4 Dani, IP, pp. 50 ff. 4 a. Ibid., pp. 54 f. 5. Ibid., pp. 52 f. 6. Ibid., p. 52 a. vigatA mATe jue Dani, IP, pp. 55 ff. 6 Ibid., p. 69 - i-I. Ibid., pp. 69 ff. 7. Ibid, pp. 79 ff. 8. Ibid, pp. 83 f. vaLI jue. mAtrAhi, iipavatra 6-6. 9. nana, pivatra 7-8 17. Dani, op. cit., p. 84 11. Ibid., pp. 84 ff. 12. Ibid., pp. 100 ff. 13. 5. ejhA, DaoN. psyUlara vagere jUnA prAcIna lipividyAe uttara bhAratamAM sarvasAmAnya gupta lipi pracalita hovAnuM dhArI enAM prAdezika rUpAMtara tAravelAM paraMtu e kAlanA abhilekheAnI vadhu sAmagrI prApta thatAM A khyAla badalAyA che (Dani, IP, pp. 100 ff. ). 14. mAtrAhi, rR. 42-44, Buhler, lP, pp. 74 ff; 96 ff. 15. DaoN. dAnI Ane kAThiyAvADI zailI' kahe che (pR. 111 ), paraMtu maitraka kAlamAM A zailI saurASTramAM sImita nahotI, samasta gujarAtamAM DaoN. dAnI neAMdhe che tema dakSiNa gujarAtamAM paNa pracalita hatI. AthI A zailIne gujarAta zailI' kahevI ghaTe. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #121
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 16. . dAnI mAyasora-mahArASTa' gaNAve che, paraMtu mukhyataH karNATakagaNAya. 17. De. dAnI peTAvibhAgamAM paNa "dakSiNa bhArata" zabda prayoje che, paraMtu aMdara kahevA mAMge che dUranuM dakSiNa bhArata, khAsa karIne ene pUrva bhAga arthAta tamiLanADu pradeza. 96. Dani, IP, pp. 109 ff. 19. mAtrAjhi, pR. 62 20. IP, p. 81 21. pra. ci. parIkha, "gujarAtamAM brAhmIthI nAgarI sudhI lipivikAsa," pR. 473-74 22. Dani, IP, pp. 113 ff. 23. Ibid., p. 147 28. Ibid., pp. 148 ff. 24. Ibid., pp. 151 ff. 26. mAbAri, siMdhivatra 16 27. IP, pp. 99 ft.; mAtrA, pR. 7182 28, pra. ci. parIkha, upayuMkata, pR. 229-240. A kAla daramyAna "lATa" zabda samasta gujarAtanA vyApaka arthamAM vaparAto. 29-31. Dani, IP, pp. 170 ff. 32. mAhi, pR. 20 33. . . mannA aura . . . mizna, "Raa ad gaura akSara" pR. 10 34. AnI vigato mATe juo "jena citrakalpadruma"nI prastAvanAmAM pragaTa thayela muni puNyavijayajIne "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA" vizenA lekha. emAM khAsa karIne 6, 3, 4, 2, 3, 3, 4 ane kSa ne maroDa vilakSaNa che (mAprAnsi, pR. 70). 35. A akSare sAmAnya rIte DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju lakhAtA hoI A be cheDA ene AraMbha ane aMta darzAve che. 36. zAstrI vrajalAla kAlidAsa, "gujarAtI bhASAne ItihAsa" pR. 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #122
brAhmI lipinAM anukAlIna rUpAMtara. 91. 37. phA. gu. sabhAnuM TaumAsika, pu. 13, aMka 4, pR. 40 38, zAstrI vra. kA. uparyuMkata, pR. 69 36 24. D. B. Diskalkar, Inscriptions of Kathiawad ',. "New Indian Antiquary," Vol. I, pp. 588 f. 39. gujarAtI lipimAM paheluM lakhANa chapAyuM I. sa. 1797mAM (phA.gu. sa. kaumAsika, pu. 13, aM. 4, pR. 46). zilAchApathI chapAyelA graMthamAM ene sauthI jUne namUne I. sa. 1808mAM chapAyelA "glosarI" nAme aMgrejI-marAThI-gujarAtI graMthamAM maLe che. 47-41. mAprAhi, . 1rUra 42. emAM ma sivAyanA badhA akSaronA moDa gujarAtamAM vaparAtA nAgarI. akSare jevA che. mane maroDa cha jevo che. 43, 5 nA DAbA pAMkhAne DAbe cheDe tema ja che ane te nA baMne pAMkhAMne DAbe. ne jamaNe che nAnI zirorekhA jevI rekhA umerAya che. 44. bhAprAli, lipipatra 77 45. mauihi, pR. 130 46. bhAprAli, livikSatra 77 47-48. bhAtrAli, libhitra 78 57. mANasa, tri 72 51-53. mAjhANi, vitra 80 54-55. mAjhA, citra 81. pa6, sAtamIthI caudamI sadI daramyAna abhilekhomAM A lipinuM jhaDapathI lakhAtuM rUpa pracalita hatuM. ene "vaLag lipi" kahe che (mAprASTi, p. 44 ). 57. mAprAjhi, pR. 17 58 mAjhADhi, ripatra 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #123
{ bhAratIya-muslima lipio ane sulekhana-zailIo bhAratamAM muslima abhilekha pahelAM arabImAM ane phArasImAM lakhAtA. | siMdhamAM araba hakumata 8mI sadInA bIjA dAyakAmAM sthapAI ne 10mI11mI sadI daramyAna uttara bhArata upara muslimonAM AkramaNa thayAM karyA, chatAM hAla tyAM e kAlanA muslima abhilekha javalle ja maLe che. muslima abhilekho tyAM mukhyatve 13mI sadInA AraMbhathI maLe che, jyAre dilhImAM saltanata sthapAI zarUAtamAM bhAratIya-muslima abhilekha arabImAM lakhAtA, je muslima jagatanI dhArmika tathA sAhityika bhASA hatI. apavAdarUpe dilhInI kubdhatula- islAma masjidane lekha (I. sa. 1191) tathA budAuM(u. pra.)nI zekha ahamada khAnadAnanI kabarane lekha (I. sa. 1284) phArasImAM lakhAyA che. alabatta emAMnAM dhArmika lakhANa to arabImAM ja che. 12 mI sadInA chellA dAyakAthI mAMDIne 13mI sadInA navamA dAyakA sudhI muslima lekha moTe bhAge arabI mAM lakhAtA. khalajI saltanata(I. sa. 1290-1320)nA amala daramyAna ahIM muslima abhilekho mATe arabInI jagyAe phArasI pracalita thavA lAgI ne samaya jatAM enuM pramANa uttarottara vadhatuM gayuM. prAMtamAM sthapAyelI saltanatomAM paNa arabInI paDatI thatI gaI; paraMtu baMgALAmAM arabInI bolabAlA lAMbo vakhata cAlu rahI. arabI abhile sAmAnya rIte gadyamAM lakhAtA. bhAratamAM padyabaddha arabI abhilekhane sahuthI jUne namUna tribenI(pa. baMgALA)mAM I. sa. 1313-14 no maLe che.2 bhAratIya-muslima abhilekhamAM saMkhyAdarzaka zabdasaMketane sahuthI jUne namUne paNa emAM maLe che. 3. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #124
bhAratIya-muslima lipio ane sulekhanazailIo 93 zarUAtanA phArasI abhilekha paNa sAmAnya rIte gadyamAM lakhAtA. phArasI padyabaddha abhilekhane sahuthI jUno namUno alAudIna khalajInA samaya(I. sa. 1296-1316)ne che.4 16 mI sadImAM mughala sAmrAjya sthapAtAM phArasI rAjyanI sattAvAra bhASA banI ne arabInuM sthAna lagabhaga lupta thaI gayuM. phArasImAM padyabaddha lakhANa vadhu pramANamAM pracalita thayAM, paraMtu kAvyanI daSTie e lakhANa ucca koTinAM bhAgye ja hatAM ne emAM vyAkaraNa tathA chaMdanI aniyamitatAo. paNa rahetI.5 chatAM dastAvejI lakhANo, abhilekho ane sAhityamAM phArasInI, bolabAlA rahI. paraMtu samaya jatAM bhAratanI sthAnika bhASAo tathA phArasI vaccenA saMparkamAMthI urdU nAme navI bhASA pracalita thaI. A bhASA vadhu ne vadhu pracalita thatAM rAjabhASA tarIke phArasInuM mahattva ghaTI gayuM. urdUmAM lakhAyelA abhilekhana sahuthI jUno jJAta namUne dilhImAM hajharata nijhAmuddIna oliyAnA sthAnakamAM I. sa. 1755no maLyo che. paraMtu gadya tathA padyamAM urdU abhilekha vadhu pramANamAM lakhAtA thayA I. sa. 1857 pachI. urdU lipimAM kula 46 varNa che, temAM 28 varNa arabI che, 4 phArasI che ne bAkInA sAdhita che. ra, 3, ane huM e anukrame 3, 4 ane 2 parathI tema ja me, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, ane anukrame 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 1 ane ra parathI sAbita thayA che. urdUmAM be, 3, , 5 ane stra jevA vyaMjano nathI tema ja e sivAyanA svara nathI, paNa tene sAdhavAmAM Ave che. vaLI , 3, 5, , , 7, 8, ane 5 evA judA uccAraNavALA dhvanio paNa che. - urdU lipinA akSara jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAya che, paraMtu aMkacitna bhAratIya mULanAM hoI e DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAya che. arabI-phArasI lakhANamAM sulekhanakalA(calligraphy)nI keTalIka viziSTa zailIo pracalita thaI hatI. A lipiomAM ane bane tyAM sudhI ekabIjA sAthe joDIne saLaMga kalame lakhavAmAM Ave che. akSarone joDavA mATe je rekhAo kheMcavAmAM Ave che tene "baMdha" (ligature ) kahe che. A baMdha dvArA sulekhananI judI judI zailIo vikasI. arabI lipimAM pahelethI be prakAranA maraDa pracalita thayA-kUphI ane nakha. irAkamAM AvelA kuphA zaheramAM pracalita thayelI kuNI zailImAM akSaro UbhI; For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #125
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA -ADI ke trAMsI sIdhI rekhAonA koNIya ke khUNAdAra saMyojana vaDe lakhAya che. A mareDa (paTTa 5 a) imArato, sikkAo ke cInI mATInAM vAsaNo para abhilekho kotaravA mATe tema ja kurAne zarIphanI suzobhita hastaprato taiyAra karavA mATe prayojAtA. paraMtu rojiMdA vyavahAramAM jhaDapathI lakhavA mATe AvA sIdhA ane khUNAdAra maroDa mAphaka na Ave. AthI e mATe vaLAMkadAra maroDa pracalita thayo. ene "nakha" (lakhAvaTa) kahe cheH (paTTa 5 A). alaMkRta lakhANamAM kUphI vaparAtI ne rojiMdAM lakhANomAM nakha. samaya jatAM kUphI maroDamAM bhaumitika tathA phUlapattInI gUMthaNanI anekavidha avanavI zailIo ghaDAI. daramyAna Ine mukalAe nakha zailImAM akSaranI sadhAI tathA gaLAInuM pramANa TharAvI tene AkharI svarUpa ApyuM ne sAthe sAthe nakha zailInAM lakSaDomAM thoDA thoDA pheraphAra karI bIjI pAMca zaulIo ghaDI-muhakakaka, rehAna, thulya, taukIe ane rikAa. nakha ane emAMthI nIkaLelI A pAMca zailIo "cha kalama" tarIke oLakhAya che.11 emAM nakha pachI yuthe lokapriya che. nakha pAtaLI kalamathI lakhAya, jyAre yutha jADI kalamathI lakhAya. bIju, zulkamAM akSaronA ADA baMdha nakhanI jema sIdhA nahi paNa saheja goLAImAM kheMcAya che. AthI nakha karatAM thultha vadhu kalAtmaka lAge che.11 vaLI 13 mA saikAmAM IrAnamAM tAlIka' nAme eka navI zailI khIlI. temAM baMdha lacakadAra hoya che ne te jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha kheMcAtI vakhate saheja nIce DhaLatA lakhAya che. A zailInI IrAnamAM be saikA sudhI bolabAlA rahI.12 caudamI sadImAM nakha ane tAlIkanA samanvayamAMthI "nastAlIka' nAme avanavI zailI ghaDAI. emAM akSaranA maroDa vaLAMkadAra ane suMdara che. tenA ADA baMdha ardhacaMdra jema goLa hoya che ne UbhA baMdha vadhu lAMbA hoya che. emAM goLAInuM saMpUrNa samatulana hoya che tema ja tenA UbhA ke ADA baMdhane lAlityapUrNa DhALa hoya che (pada 6 a).13 - sulekhana-zailInuM sahuthI AlaMkArika svarUpa "tugrA zailI mAM jovA maLe che. emAM koI paNa nAma, dharmasUtra ke suvAkya uparanIce, AgaLa pAchaLa ke koI paNa anya rIte gUMthelA akSaro mukhyataH alaMkaraNanA hetuthI lakhAya che. lekhanAkSaronA vaLAMkamAM chUTa laI emAM bAja, vAgha, hAthI, ghaDe vagere For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #126
bhAratIya-muslima lipio ane sulekhana-zailIo 95 pazupaMkhInA AkAra kADhavAmAM Ave che. emAM "nAde alI"nuM sUtra sahuthI vadhu pracalita che, je mULa cothA khalIphA hajharata alInI prazaMsAmAM racAyelI kAvyanI kaDI che.14 bhAratamAM muslima abhilekha zarUAtamAM kUphI ke nakha zailImAM kotarelA che. dilhInI kUvratula-islAma masjida (1291) vageremAM dhArmika lakhANomAM kUphI zailInA gulajhAra (alaMkRta) maraDa jovA maLe che. paraMtu 13mI sadIthI nakha zailI ja vizeSa pracalita rahI. deza ane kAla pramANe A zailImAM keTalIka viziSTa laDhaNo keLavAI. emAM baMgALA tathA gujarAtanI zailIo noMdhapAtra che. 14mA saikAnA bihAranA sthAnika kalAkAroe sulekhananI je anokhI zailI khIlavI, te bihArI zailI tarIke mazadUra thaI Ama to e nakha zailIne ja prakAra che, paNa temAM akSaronI jADAI vadhu hoya che. vaLI enA ADA baMdha DAbI tarapha saheja jADA thatA jaI cheDe capaTA ke kuMThita bane che. AthI enA akSaranA vaLAMka tema ja baMdhanA ADA trAMsA kheMcAva atizaya kalAtmaka tathA suramya lAge che. 15 evI rIte dakSiNamAM paNa bahamanI rAjyanA ghaNA abhilekha sulekhananI ucca zailImAM kotarAyA che, jemake bIdara(mAyara)mAM bAdazAha mahamUdazAhe pitAnA hAthe lakhele I. sa. 1503no lekha. mughala kAla daramyAna ahIM IsanI sulekhanakalAnI prabaLa asara pravata. zarUAtamAM nakhanI yu(c) zailI kalAtmaka lakhANe mATe ThIkaThIka pracalita nIvaDelI. paraMtu samaya jatAM nastAlIka zaulI vyApaka rIte pracalita thatAM yu(c) zailIno upaga dhArmika lakhANomAM maryAdita thayo ne sAmAnya vyavahAramAM nAstAlIka zailInI bolabAlA pravarte. zAhajahAMnA samayamAM A zailIne ghaNuM protsAhana maLyuM. samaya jatAM A zailInAM vividha AlaMkArika svarUpa pracalita thayAM. e svarUpamAM sahuthI vadhu aTapaTuM ane jaTila svarUpa "tugrA" che. mULanAM "tugrA" eTale pharamAnamAM rAjAnA nAmanA akSarone gUMthele ekAkSarI baMdha (monogram ) evo artha thato. AgaLa jatAM e nAma A prakAranI sarva koI racanA mATe pracalita banyuM. 17 tujhA zailI baMgALA, gujarAta vagere pradezamAM khAsa lokapriya nIvaDI. emAM bAja, vAdha (paTTa 6 A), hAthI, ghaDe, parI vagerenA AkAra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
96 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kADhavAmAM AvatA. dakhkhaNamAM zIApathI muslime!mAM khalIphA hajarata alInu viziSTa mAna hoI tyAMnA killAe para tugrA zailImAM lakhAyelA zilAlekhe jovA maLe che. hajarata alInuM upanAma ' allAhanA vAdha' hAI tathA temanA gheADA durdulanuM paNa mAna hAI, tugrA zailImAM A be AkRtie khAsa deravAmAM AvatI.18 ( bhAratamAM tugrA zailInuM sahuthI vadhu su Mdara tathA kalAmaya svarUpa baMgALAnA zilAlekhAmAM jovA maLe che. A viziSTa svarUpa dhanuSya-ANa prakAra ' tarIke oLakhAya che, kemake emAM bANanI aNI jevA cheDAvALA lAMbA kheMcelA UbhA badhA ane kheMcelI kamAnanA AkAranA adhavRtta ADA badhAnuM kalAtmaka AyeAjana karIne jANe AkAza tarapha bANa pheMkavA mATe dhanuSya--khANanI harALa khaDI karI dIdhI heAya tevA AkAra dhaDavAmAM Ave che.19 emAM vaLI saheja saheja pheraphAra karIne evA khIjA AkAra racAtA. jemake hAthamAM dhajApatAkA ke bhAlAe dhAraNa karI cAlatA sainikeAnI katAra, suMdara kamAnevALI jALInA kaTheDA ke sIdhI jALInI prazcAdbhu para gAThavelA dIvAe ke phaNIdhara sarpo ke haMsalAnI hAra vagere.20 cultha ane nastAlIka zailImAM kotarelA suMdara abhilekha dezanA badhA bhAgeAmAM jovA maLe che.21 urdu -phArasI lipinAM pustaka hajI meATe bhAge zilAchApathI chapAtAM hAI lahiyAonI lekhana-kalA ThIkaThIka jaLavAI rahI che. pAdaTIpa 1. Archaeology in India," p. 192 2. D. C. Sircar, < Indian Epigraphy," p. 35 tr 3. Chronogram 4-5. IE, p. 35 6-7. Archaeology in India," p. 193 8-10 DaoN. jhi. a. desAI, islAmI lekhanakalA,' kumAra "; re (( 573, pR. 344-346 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
bhAratIya-muslima lipio ane sulekhanazailIo 11-12. ejana, pR. 347 13. Do. ki. a. desAI, "islAma sulekhanakalA', "kumAra", aMka 574, | pR. 387 14. ejana, pR. 389-390 15. ejana, pR. 347, 453 16. ejana, pR. 453 17-18 ejana, pR. 389-390 19-20 ejana, pR. 390, IE, pp. 36 f. 21. IE, p. 37 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129
abhilekhanI bhASAo hopIya sabhyatAnA abhilekhanI lipi hajI ukalI nahi hoI, e abhilekha kaI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che te nakkI thaI zakayuM nathI." mauryakAlathI maLelA atihAsika kAlanA abhilekho keTalIka sadIo sudhI prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. maurya samrATa azokanA lagabhaga badhA abhilekha prAkRta bhASAmAM che. kharoSThI lipimAM lakhAyelA abhilekha paNa prAkRta bhASAmAM ja che. apavAdarUpe koI lekha aramAIka bhASAmAM tathA grIka bhASAmAM maLyA che, paraMtu e te te pradezamAM vasatI videzI prajAnI sagavaDa pUratA te te bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. maurya rAjA dazarathanA guphAlekha paNa prAkRtamAM che.* anumauryakAlanA abhilekha paNa moTe bhAge prAkRtamAM che, khAsa karIne bhAratIya rAjAonAM rAjyanA. dA.ta. zuMgAnA rAjyakAlano bharaDuta zilAtaMbha lekha, bhAgabhadranA rAjyano besanagara garuDastaMbha lekha, 6 maukhari rAjAonA I. sa. 238nA baDavA yUpalekha vagere. evI rIte dakhaNanA sAtavAhana rAjyanA guphAlekha, kaliMganA rAjA khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha, dakSiNa bhAratanA bhaTTioNluM tathA nAgAjunAkoMDA bauddha abhilekha paNa prAkRta bhASAmAM che. palava tathA kadaMba vaMzanA zarUAtanA lekha paNa prAkRtamAM che.A paraMtu uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM yavana, zaka-pahalava ane kuSANu vaMzanA videzI vaMzanAM rAjya sthapAyAM, te rAjAonA sikkA dvibhASI che. enA agrabhAga paranuM lakhANa grIka bhASAmAM che, kema ke e rAjavaMzanI rAjabhASA grIka hatI, jyAre e sikkAonA pRSThabhAga paranuM lakhANa prAkRta bhASAmAM che, je ahIMnI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #130
abhilekhonI bhASAo 9 prajAnI bhASA hatI. A rAjyanA anya abhilekha prAkRta bhASAmAM ja che, jema ke grIka rAjA minendranA samayanA zinakoTa maMjUSA-lekha, mahAkSatrapa rAjulA tathA zAsanA samayanA mathurA lekha, zaka rAjA moganuM takSazilA tAmrapatra11 palava rAjA gAMDapharanIsane takhta-I-bAhI zilAlekha. 12 kuSANa rAjAonA samayanA abhilekhomAM saMskRtanI chAMTa dharAvatI prAkRta bhASAmAM che.13 pazcimI kSatrapa vaMzanA rAjAonA abhilekha paNa moTe bhAge prAkRta bhASAmAM che, jema ke nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekha4 tathA cAbdana-rudradAmAnA samayanA aMdhau yaSTilekha.15 A rAjAonA sikakAonA agra bhAga para grIka-mana akSarenA mareDa tathA pRSTha bhAga para prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhANa hoya che. rAja zAsanamAM tathA abhilekhomAM prAkRtane sthAne saMskRta bhASA khAsa karIne guptakAla daramyAna pracalita thaI. e agAu rAjasthAna tathA uttarapradeza jevA pradezomAM bhAratIya rAjyamAM tema ja zaka rAjAonA keTalAka lekhomAM saMskRta bhASA prajAvI zarU thaI jAya che, jema ke rAjA sarvatAtanA suMDI zilAlekha(I. pU. 1 lI sadI)mAM tathA rAjA dhanadevanA ayodhyA zilAlekha(I. sa. 1 lI sadI)mAM tema ja mahAkSatrapa zoDAsanA samayanA thoDAka mathurA abhilekho (I. sa. nI 1 lI sadI)mAM. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno jUnAgaDha zaulalekha (I.sa. 150) to praziSTa saMskRta bhASAno ja nahi, tenI ucca gadyazailIne ya suMdara namUno che, je raulI AgaLa jatAM daMDI, subaMdhu ane bANabhaTTanI vikhyAta gadyakRtiomAM prajAI che. e kSatrapa rAjyanA pachInA lekhomAM prAkRtinI chAMTavALuM saMskRta prajAyuM che. rAjA rudrasena(3 jA)nA samayano devanI morI samugaka-lekha(lagabhaga I. sa. 375)18 saMskRta padyane namUno pUro pADe che. paraMtu tyAre to uttara bhAratamAM saMskRta bhASA pracalita thaI cUkI hatI. magadhanA gupta samrATonA sikkAo paranuM lakhANa praziSTa saMskRtamAM che. e samrATonA zilAlekhe tathA tAmrapatra-lekho paNa saMskRta bhASAmAM che. 18 kuSANakAla daramyAna azvaSa jevA kavione hAthe sAhityamAM saMskRta kAvyo tathA nATakonI racanA thavA lAgelI, paraMtu guptakAla daramyAna kAlidAsa jevA kavionI kRtio dvArA bhAratIya sAhityamAM saMskRta bhASAnI bolabAlA pravatI hatI.. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #131
- bhAratIya abhilekhavidhA cothI sadI . daramyAna dhIme dhIme dakSiNa bhAratamAM paNa prAkRtane sthAne saMskRta bhASA pratyeAjAvA lAgI.20 pAMcamI sadIthI bhAratamAM lagabhaga badhA abhilekha sa`skRta bhASAmAM lakhAtA. jaina caityane lagatA kAI lekha ke prAkRta sAhityanI kRtine lagatA kAI abhilekha ja prAkRtamAM lakhAtA.21 samaya jatAM sArvajanika mAhitIne lagatA abhilekha cAlu prAdezika bhASAmAM lakhAvA lAgyA, chatAM saMskRta bhASA taraphanI abhirucine laI ne vattAechA pramANamAM keTalAka abhilekha adyaparyaMta saMskRtamAM lakhAvA cAlu rahyA che. alabatta, muslima zAsanakAlathI zarU thatA madhyakAlathI saMskRta bhASAnuM pramANa uttarAttara ghaTatuM gayuM che te cAlu prAdezika bhASAonu pramANa uttarAttara vadhatuM rahyuM che. arvAcIna abhilekhA saMskRtamAM apavAdarUpe ja lakhAya che. prAdezika bhASAone bhAratIya abhilekhAmAM sahuthI prAcIna prayAga dakSiNa bhAratamAM maLyA che. e bhASAe draviDakulanI che. tamiLanADumAM maLelA keTalAka nAnA lekha, je tamiLa bhASAmAM lakhyA lAge che, te cheka 27-3jI sadInA hovA saMbhave che. 6ThThI sadIthI pallava rAjAenAM tAmrapatrAmAM saMskRtanI sAthe tamiLa bhASA prayAjAI che te samaya jatAM te bhASAnuM pramANa vadhatu rahe che. cakravatI' palavAnAM telugubhASI pradeza mATenAM dAnapatra saMskRtamAM ja lakhAtAM, jyAre tamiLabhASI pradeza mATenAM dAnapatra aMzataH saMskRtamAM ane aMzataH tamiLamAM lakhAtAM.12 emAM sa MskRta lakhANa granthalipimAM ane tamiLa lakhANa tamiLa lipimAM lakhAtuM. zarUAtanA ceALa rAjAonAM tAmrapatra paNa saskRta-tamiLamAM lakhAyAM che, dA. ta. rAjarAja 1lA (I. sa. 985-1016 ) ane rAjendra-cALa 1lA (I. sa. 1012-1043)23 tAM. paraMtu ceALa rAjyanAM pachInAM tAmrapatra mAtra tamiLa bhASAmAM lakhAtAM, jema ke rAjAdhirAja 1lA (I. sa. 1018-1052), kuleAttuMga 1lA (I. sa. 1070-1118), rAjarAja ra jA (I. sa. 1146-1173) ane kuleAttuMga 3aa (I. sa. 1178-1216)nAM.24 keralanA rAjA bhAskara ravivarmAnuM tAmrapatra (I. sa. 1021) tamiLa bhASAmAM ane vadeLutu lipimAM lakhAyu che.25 pAMDava rAjAonAM zarUAtanAM zAsana saMskRta ane tamiLamAM che, paraMtu emAM tamiLa lakhANa varRLuttu lipimAM che. pAMDaca rAjyanAM pachInAM tAmrazAsana tamiLamAM ja che, jema ke vIrapAMDanuM I. sa. 1470 nuM tAmrapatra.26 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #132
abhilekhAtI bhASA 101 tamiLanADunA mukhya rAjava zAnI jema tenA sAmatAnAM tAmrapatra paNa zarUAtamAM saMskRta--tamiLamAM ane AgaLa jatAM mAtra tamiLamAM lakhAtAM. tAMjora ane madurAnA nAyakonAM dAnapatra telugumAM ke tamiLamAM che; vijayanagara rAjyanAM keTalAMka dAnapatra paNa tamiLamAM che.27 kAnaDI bhASAnA sahuthI jUnA sAta abhilekha 6ThThI sadIthI zarU thAya che, jema ke cAlukaya nareza moMgaleza(I. sa. 198-610)nA eka bAdAmI guphAlekha.28 bAdAmInA cAlukaca rAjAonAM tAmrapatra saMskRtamAM lakhAyAM che, jyAre temanA samayanA dhaNAkharA zilAlekha kAnaDImAM che.29 rASTrakUTA, uttarakAlIna cAlukayo, kalacurie ane vijayanagaranA rAjAenAM kAnaDIbhASI pradezanAM dAnazAsana sa MskRtamAM ke saMskRta ane kAnaDImAM che.30 vijayanagaranA rAjAe sAmAnya rIte saMskRta bhASAmAM ane naMdinAgarI lipimAM dAnapatra lakhAvatA; teonAM thoDAM tAmrapatra paNa saMskRta-kAnaDImAM ke mAtra kAnaDImAM che. mAyaseAranA pachInA rAjAonA abhilekha kAnaDImAM che. telugubhASI pradezanAM prAcIna dAnapatra ( pamI thI 8mI sadI) saMskRtamAM lakhAtAM. telugu bhASAne prayAga lagabhaga 9mI sadIthI ja jovA maLe che. chatAM dhaNA zilAlekha 6ThThI sadInA aMtathI telugumAM lakhAtA. A lekha telugu-ceALa rAjAonA che.32 vegInA cAlukaya rAjAenAM zarUAtanAM tAmrapatra meTe bhAge saMskRtamAM lakhAtAM; apavAdarUpe kAI tAmrapatra aMzataH saMskRtamAM ane aMzataH telugumAM lakhAtAM.33 paraMtu tenA samayanA zilAlekha telugumAM lakhAtA.34 pUrvanA gaMgA, cAlukayo, telugu-ceALA, kAkatIyA, gajapatio, vijayanagaranA rAjAe vagere anukAlIna rAjAeAnA zilAlekha telugumAM che, jyAre tenAM sAta dAnapatra saMskRtamAM che.35 reDDo rAjyanAM keTalAMka tAmrapatra azataH sauMskRtamAM ane aMzataH telugumAM che. vijayanagaranA rAjyanAM tAmrapatra sAmAnya rIte saMskRtamAM lakhAtAM, chatAM thoDAMka telugumAM paNa lakhAyAM che.36 tAMjora ane madurAnA nAyaka rAjAonAM keTalAMka tAmrapatra saMskRta-telugumAM te keTalAMka mAtra telugumAM lakhAyAM che.37 kerala pradezamAM 14mI sadI sudhI abhilekhA mATe tAmiLa bhASAne upayAga thatA te te lakhANa varRLutu lipimAM lakhAtAM.38 teramI sadIthI malayALama For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #133
102 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA bhASAnI asara thatI varatAya che. 15mI sadIthI malayALama lakhANa vaLatu lipimAM lakhAtAM.39 dakSiNa kannaDa pradezamAM tuLa bhASA vaparAtI ne tenAM lakhANa malayAlama lipimAM lakhAtAM. A prakAranA DAka abhilekha maLyA che, jenI lipine mareDa 15mI sadIne che. te Ama dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhamAM draviDakulanI bhASAo paikI tamiLa ane kAnaDIne upayoga ghaNo vahelo zarU thayo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. telugu upaga De moDo zarU thayo, jyAre malayAmi tathA tuLa bhASAne upayoga ghaNuM moDe zarU thaze. A daramyAna uttara bhAratamAM bhAratIya-Arya kulanI navya prAdezika bhASAo pracalita thatAM dhIme dhIme tene upayoga abhilekhomAM paNa thavA lAgyo. A abhilekhomAM pahelavahele pravega marAThI bhASAne maLyo che. marAThI sAhityamAM gItA paranI jJAnezvarI TIkA I. sa. 1296mAM racAI, jyAre e bhASAnA keTalAMka abhilekha e agAu cheka I. sa. 1060 sudhInA maLyA che.41 emAMnA ghaNA lekha 12mI sadInA che.42 devagirinA yAdava rAjAoe marAThI bhASAne khAsa protsAhana ApyuM. teonAM keTalAMka tAmrapatra aMzataH saMskRtamAM ane aMzataH marAThImAM lakhAyAM che.43 zilAhAra vaMzanA rAjAonAM tAmrapatromAM paNa tevuM ja che.44 teramI sadIthI kAnaDI-marAThImAM lakhAyelA dvibhASI lekha maLe che.45 evI rIte telugumarAThI ane phArasI-marAThI lekha paNa maLe che.46 marAThA rAjyanAM keTalAMka anukAlIna tAmrapatra marAThImAM lakhAyAM che.47 hiMdI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA prAcIna abhilekha madhyapradezamAM 11mI sadI sudhInA maLyA che.48 emAM khAsa karIne pratimAlekho tathA pALiyA-lekhone samAveza thAya che. 15mI-16mI sadIthI AvA aneka abhilekha lakhAtA. rAjasthAnI, gaDhavAlI vagere bolIomAM lakhelA aneka abhilekha maLyA che.49 nepAlI, paMjAbI vagere bhASAomAM paNa cheDA prAcIna abhilekha maLyA che.pa0 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #134
103 abhilekhanI bhASAmAM gujarAtamAM 13mI sadI sudhI abhilekhA saMskRtamAM ja lakhAtA. 14mI sadIthI koI koI lekhamAM saMskRta ane gujarAtI bhASAnuM mizraNa jovA maLe che. dA.ta, thAnanA kALA DuMgara paranA maMdiranA vi. saM. 1432(I. sa. 1376)nA gujarAtI lekhamAM, nagicANAnA vi. saM. 1434(I. sa. 1377)nA lekhamAM ane phulakAnA vi. saM. 1488(I. sa. 1391)ne pALiyAmAM saMskRta-gujarAtInuM mizraNa thayeluM che. AvA abhilekhomAM prAyaH samayanideza tathA zAsakanirdezane bhAga saMskRtamAM ane ghaTanAnA nirUpaNa bhAga gujarAtImAM hoya che, jema ke mesavANAnA vi. saM. 1470 (I. sa. 1414)nA pALiyAmAM,pura khAMbhaDanA vi.saM. 1531(I. sa. 1474)nA lekhamAM,pa3 gosAnA vi. saM. 1536(I. sa. 1480)nA lekhamAM,pa4 rAmapurAnA vi. saM. 1538(I. sa. 1482)nA lekhamAM papa ane kheDunA vi.saM. 1544(I. sa. 1488)nA lekhamAM. aDAlajanI vAva, je mahamUda begaDAnA rAjyakALa daramyAna vi.saM. 1555 (I. sa. 1499)mAM vAghelA rANA vIrasiMhanI patnI rUDAdevIe baMdhAvI hatI, tene lagatA zilAlekhamAM enI hakIkata pahelAM saMskRta lokomAM nirUpIne aMte gadyamAM paNa ApavAmAM AvI che, temAM paNa samayanideza tathA zAsakanideza saMskRtamAM ane vApI-nimaNanI mukhya hakIkata gujarAtImAM lakhelI che." mANasAnI vAvanA vi. saM. 1582(I. sa. 1525)nA zilAlekhamAM paNa lagabhaga AvuM ja jovAmAM Ave che. have lAMbI prazastionI suMdara racanAo prAyaH saMskRta bhASAmAM thatI, 58 jyAre sIdhI sAdI hakIkatane lagatA TUMkA zilAlekha prAyaH gujarAtImAM lakhAvA lAgyA, jema ke dhrAMgadhrAne vi. saM. 1657( I. sa. 1601)ne lekha, jAmanagarane vi.saM. 1666(I. sa. 1610) lekha, vAMkAnera vi. saM. 1679 (I. sa. 1623) lekha, haLavadana vi. saM. 1683(I. sa. 1626)ne lekha, thAnano vi. saM. 1752(I. sa. 1696)ne lekha, bhAdareDane vi.saM. 1792( I. sa. 1736)ne lekha, pATaDIne vi. saM. 1801(I. sa. 1745)ne lekha, prAMgadhrAne vi.saM. 1815(I. sa. 1759)ne lekha vagere. kAzmIranA abhilekha thoDI saMkhyAmAM maLyA che te prakAzita thayA che, caMbA rAjyanA zarUAtanA lekha saMskRtamAM lakhAyA che, jyAre pachInA lekha moTe bhAge caMbAnI prAdezika bhASAmAM ane saMskRtamAM lakhAyA che. A prAdezika For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #135
104 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA bhASA caMkhyAlI che, je kAzmIrI bhASAnuM eka sthAnika svarUpa che. caMbA rAjyanA dvibhASI lekhane AraMbha tathA aMta saMskRtamAM hoya che, jyAre eno vicale bhagi prAdezika bhASAmAM hoya che. AraMbha tathA aMtanuM lakhANa dastAvejI rUDha DhabanuM hoya che. zAsalekhamAM noMdhavAnI mukhya hakIkata enA vacalA bhAgamAM AvatI hoya che. orissAmAM paNa prAcIna abhilekha saMskRtamAM lakhAtA. emAM eriyA bhASAnI asara cheka 10 mI sadIthI zarU thaI jAya che. pUrepUrA eriyA bhASAmAM lakhelA lekha 13 mI sadIthI dekhA de che. pUvI gaMga vaMza tathA gajapati vaMzanAM dAnapatra moTe bhAge aMzataH saMskRtamAM ane aMzataH eriyAmAM lakhAtAM, jyAre teonA samayanA zilAlekha sAmAnya rIte pUrepUrA eriyA bhASAmAM lakhAtA. pachInA samayamAM abhilekhomAM mukhyatve eriyA bhASA vaparAtI. baMgALAmAM prAcIna rAjazAsanamAM saMskRta bhASAnI belabAlA hatI. teramI sadImAM A saMskRta lakhANomAM prAdezika bhASAnI asara thayelI varatAya che. chatAM madhyakAla daramyAna paNa ahIM mukhyatve saMskRta bhASA vaparAyA karI ne baMgALI bhASAne upaga virala rahyo. tripurAnA rAjAonAM ghaNAM dAnapatra saMskRtamAM lakhAyAM che, jyAre DAMka tAmrapatra baMgALImAM paNa lakhAyAM. baMgALImAM lakhAyelAM dAnapatra 15 mI sadIthI dekhA de che. uttara bihAramAM maithilI bhASAno upayoga cheka 17mI sadInA abhilekhothI jovAmAM Avyo che. AsAmanA AhAma rAjAonA sikkAo tathA tAmrapatro paranAM lakhANa zarUAtamAM AhAma bhASAmAM lakhAtAM. paraMtu teonuM bhAratIyIkaraNa thatAM teoe ene badale saMskRta ane AsAmI bhASAno upayoga karyo. A abhilekha 17 mI-18 mI sadInA che. uttarakAlIna Ahoma rAjAonA zilAlekha sAmAnya rIte saMskRtamAM lakhAtA. muslima vaMzonA amala daramyAna teonA rAjyamAM arabI ke phArasI rAjabhASA banI. siMdhamAM cheka 8 mI sadImAM araba sattA sthapAI, paraMtu tyAM koI prAcIna abhilekha maLyA nathI. hiMdamAM prAcIna muslima abhilekha mukhyatve dilhImAM sanata sthapAI (I. sa. 1206 ) te pachInA maLe che. mamalka vaMzanA amala daramyAna arabI bhASA saltanatanI rAjabhASA tarIke sthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #136
abhilekhAnI bhASA 105 pAmI ( 13 mI sadI ). e samayanA masjidA tathA kabrastAneAne lagatA abhilekha sAmAnya rIte arabImAM lakhAtA. apavAdarUpe dilhInI phUgvetula-islAma masjidanA lekha(I. sa. 1191 )tathA khudA ( uM. pra. )nI zekha ahamada khAnadAnanI kabaraneA lekha (I. sa. 1284) phArasI bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. khalajI vaMzanI hakUmata (I. sa. 1290-1327) daramyAna muslima abhilekhAmAM arabIne badale phArasI vaparAvA lAgI. tadhalaga ( 1320-1413 ), saiyada ( 1414-1451 ) ane leAdI (1451-1para6) vaMzanI hakUmata daramyAna paNa phArasI bhASAnI leAkapriyatA vadhatI rahI. prAdezika saltanatAmAM paNa arakhInA karatAM phArasI vadhu vyApaka banI. paraMtu baMgALAmAM arabInI melabAlA lAMkhe vakhata TakA. bIje badhe arabIne upayoga dhArmika lakhANAmAM sImita thayA. mughala sAmrAjyamAM arabI lagabhaga sadaMtara lupta thaI ne rAjazAsanAmAM tema ja abhilekhAmAM mukhyatve phArasIne upayoga thatA. 18 mI sadImAM abhilekhAmAM urdU bhASAne upayAga thavA lAgyA. hiMdanI pracalita bhASAe tathA phArasI vaccenA saMpaka mAMthI e navI bhASA udbhavI hatI. A bhASAne upayAga muslima abhilekhAmAM 1857 pachI vyApaka pramANamAM jovA maLe che. bhAratamAM yureApIya saMsthAnA tathA rAjyeA sthapAtAM yuropIya bhASAo paNa ahIM pracalita thavA lAgI. A kAlanA dhaNA yuropIya abhilekha phira MgI, valaMdA, phrenca ke a MgrejI bhASAmAM lakhAtA. valaMdAonI kabara paranA keTalAka lekha Arameniyana bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. phiraMgI ane phrenca sa MsthAAmAM poTu gIjha tathA phrenca bhASA vyApaka banI. hiMdanA meDaTA bhAgamAM aMgrejonuM zAsana ke Adhipatya lAMbA vakhata lagI pravatu. te daramyAna suzikSita vargomAM tathA rAjakIya zAsanemAM aMgrejI bhASAnA prabhAva pravatyer. AthI A kAlanA ghaNA abhilekha aMgrejI bhASAmAM lakhAyelA che. vIsamI sadImAM rASTriya asmitA vadhatAM e videzI bhASAne upayAga uttarAttara ghaTatA gayA te enI jagyAe rASTrabhASA tathA prAdezika bhASAonA upayoga vadhatA gayA. AjhAdI (1947) pachI A valaNa dhaNe aMze dRDha thatuM gayuM che. prAcIna, madhya tathA arvAcIna kAla daramyAna bhAratamAM cInI, siMhalI, tibeTI, khamI vagere eziyAI bhASAone paNa koI koI abhilekhAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #137
106 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA upayoga thayelo che, paraMtu e lekha aramAIka tathA grIka lekhonI jema maryAdita vaga mATe lakhAyelA che. Ama bhAratIya abhilekhomAM zarUAtamAM prAkRta tathA saMskRtanI ane pachI navya arvAcIna bhAratIya bhASAonI jokapriyatA rahelI che ne enI aMdara arabI, phArasI, aMgrejI vagere videzI bhASAo rAjabhASA tarIke sthAna pAmelI. chatAM abhilekho sArvajanika ugayogitA dharAvatA hoI emAM mukhya sthAna te te kAlanI vidagya zAsanabhASAne tathA lokabhogya pracalita prAdezika bhASAone maLeluM che. pAdaTIpa 9. D. C. Sircar, "Select Inscriptions," Book 1, Inscriptions Nos. 6-40 2. zAhabAjagaDhI ane mAnaserA(pAkistAna)nA. 3. pAMDeya, azoka ke abhilekha 4. D. C. Sircar, op. cit., Nos. 41-43 4. Ibid., Book II, No. 1 6. Ibid., No. 2 8. Ibid., Nos. 75-104 7. Ibid, Nos. 4-6 8-a. Ibid, pp. 433 ff 9. Ibid., Book II, No. 14 10. Ibid., Nos. 24-26 13. Ibid., Nos. 37-57 11. Ibid., No. 27 14. Ibid., Nos. 58-62 92. Ibid., No. 28 15. Ibid., Nos. 63-66 25. D. C. Sircar, " Indian Epigraphy," pp. 41, 91 17. "Select Inscriptions," Book II, No. 67 18. R. N. Mehta and S. N. Chaudhary, "Excavation at Devnimori," p. 121 96. "Select Inscriptions," Book III, Nos. 1-39 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #138
abhilekhAnI bhASA 20. IE, pp. 43 ff. 1. Ibid., p. 45 22. IE, p. 46 32-38. IE. pp. 49-50 34-30. IE, p. 51 34-3. IE, pp. 51-52 yo. IE, p. 52 41--47. IE, %. IE, p. 55 e. IE. pp. 55 f. pp. 53 ff. 59. cho. IE, p. 56 42. D. B. Diskalkar, " Inscriptions of Kathiawad," Nos.. 36, 37, 50 4. Ibid., No. 65 43. Ibid., No. 82 4. Ibid., No. 85 chu. Ibid., No. 86 (2) 4. Ibid., No. 87 57. ' buddhiprakAza ', pu. 104, pR. 21-22 58. dA. ta. Inscriptions of Kathiawad ''mAM prakAzita thayelI UnAnI vi. saM. 1582 nI prazasti (No. 91), zatru Mjaya paranI vi. saM. 1587nI, vi. sa'. 1650 nI ane vi. sa'. 1675nI prazasti (Nos. 95, 106, 117), rAvalanA rAjadune lagatA vi. saM. 1753 nA lekha ( No. 155) vagere "C 23-26, IE, p. 47 20-22. IE, p. 48 30-31. IE, p. 49 << 177. Inscriptions of Kathiawad," Nos. 110, 112, 120, 124, 154, 166, 173 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #139
abhilekhananI sAmagrI je lakhANa lAMbe vakhata Take tevI upayogitA dharAvatAM hoya tene zilA dhAtu vagere TakAu padArtho para kotarAvavAmAM AvatAM. A lakhANa enA para kotaravAmAM Ave te pahelAM ene bhUjapatra, tADapatra ke kAgaLa jevA pracalita padArtha para lakhI ApavAmAM AvatuM. keTalIka vAra e lekhanapadArthanA kada, AkAra vagerenI asara abhilekhana-padArthanA kada, AkAra vagere para thatI. AthI abhilekhananI sAmagrInuM nirUpaNa karatAM pahelAM lekhananI sAmagrIno paricaya karI laIe. lekhana sAmagrI uttara bhAratamAM lekhana mATe bhUrjapatra pracalita hatAM. himAlaya pradezamAM bhUja nAme vRkSa puSkaLa pramANamAM thAya che, tenI chAlamAMthI bhUjapatra taiyAra karavAmAM AvatAM. pahelAM e uttarapazcima bhAratamAM pracalita hatAM; pachI uttara bhArata, madhya bhArata ane madhya eziyAmAM paNa pracalita thayAM. sikaMdaranA samakAlIna kaTiyase (I. pU. 4 thI sadI) ene ullekha karyo che. saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa tenA aneka ullekha Ave che. alaberunI(I. sa. 1030)e enuM vigatavAra varNana karyuM che. bhUjavRkSanI chAlamAMthI lagabhaga eka gaja lAMbAM ane eka veMta pahoLAM patra kApavAmAM AvatAM ne enA para tela lagAvIne tathA ghasIne ene majabUta ane suMvALAM banAvavAmAM AvatAM. enA para kalama vaDe zAhIthI lakhavAmAM AvatuM. pustakanA lekhanamAM patronI vacce chidra mATe korI jagyA rAkhavAmAM AvatI, jethI pachI e chidromAM doro parovIne ene graMtharUpe bAMdhI zakAya; vaLI hAMsiyAmAM dareka patranA pRSThabhAga para te te patra kramAMka lakhavAmAM Avato.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #140
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 19: bhUjapatra para lakhelI sahuthI jUnI hastaprata khAtAmAMthI maLelA dhananI che, je 27-3jI sadInI lipimAM lakhAyelI che. khaMDeremAM daTAyelI rahI hovAthI AvI jUja prAcIna hastaprato apavAdarUpe TakI rahI che; bAkI AbehavAnI asarane laIne prAcIna hastaprato sAmAnya rIte samULI naSTa thaI gaI che. anya upalabdha bhUjapatra prati 14 mI sadI. pachInI che. A pro. khAsa karIne kAzmIramAMthI ane keTalIka orissA vagere anya pradezamAMthI, maLe che. uttarapUrva bhAratamAM bhUjavRkSane badale agaravRkSanI chAlamAMthI lekhana-patra banAvavAmAM AvatAM. aguru-patrane AsAmI bhASAmAM "sAMcipAta" kahetA. aguru-patra para lakhelI rAmAyaNanA suMdarakAMDanI prata (lagabhaga 15 mI sadI) maLI che.3 kAgaLanI sastI sAmagrI sulabha thatAM lekhana sAmagrI tarIke bhUjapatra tathA agura-patrano upayoga lupta thaI gayo. hAla tAvIjonI aMdara mUkavAnA maMtra lakhavA mATe ja ene uga rahyo che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM, khAsa karIne samudrataTanA pradezamAM, tADavRkSa puSkaLa pramANamAM thAya che. e vRkSanA patra(paNa)mAMthI paNa lakhavA mATenAM "patra banAvatA. ene tADapatra kahe che. lekhanasAmagrInA ekama tarIke "patra" tathA parNa' zabda mULamAM vRkSanA patra (paNa) parathI pracalita thayo che. lekhanasAmagrI tarIke tADapatrane upaga ghaNuM prAcInakALathI uttara bhAratamAM paNa vyApaka hato.4 rojiMdA ke mAmulI lakhANa mATe tADavRkSanA sIdhAsAdA paNumAMthI jarUrI kadanAM patra kApavAmAM AvatAM, paraMtu pustaka lakhavA mATe enA parNane pahelAM sUkavIne, pANImAM palALI rAkhI ke ukALI pharI sUkavavAmAM AvatAM ne pachI. enA para zaMkha, chIpolI ke suMvALo paththara ghasavAmAM Avato ne emAMthI jarUrI kadanAM patra kApavAmAM AvatAM. A patra sAmAnya rIte ekathI traNa phUTa lAMbAM paNa ekathI cAra iMca jeTalAM ja pahoLAM hoya che. uttara bhAratamAM keTalAMka bhUjapatra tathA tAmrapatra AvuM kada dharAvatAM, te tADapatranI asara darzAve che." dakSiNa bhAratamAM tADapatra para goLa tIkSNa aNIvALI zalAkAthI akSara ketaravAne rivAja khAsa pracalita hato. pachI enA para kAjaLa pheravI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #141
110 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA detAM akSara kALA banI jatA. lekhana" nA mULamAM kotaravAne artha rahelo che. " paraMtu uttara bhAratamAM tADapatra para kalama ane zAhI vaDe lakhavAne rivAja pracalita che. pustaka lakhavA mATe bhUjapatranI jema tADapatramAM paNa patranA kramAMka mATe hAMsiye ane doro parovavAnA chidra ke (chidro ) mATe vacce korI jagA rAkhavAmAM AvatI. patra TUMkA hoya to be kolamamAM ane lAMbA hoya te traNa kalamamAM lakhavAmAM AvatuM. hAMsiyA ane chidronI saMkhyA te -pramANe rakhAtI... dakSiNa bhAratanI garama AbohavAmAM prAcIna tADapatra vadhu naSTa thayAM che. - tADapatra para lakhelI hastapratano sahuthI jUne namUne madhya eziyAmAM maLyo che, je 2jI sadIno che. nepAlamAM purANa nI 7 mI sadInI prata maLI che. gujarAta, -rAjasthAna vagere pradezomAM 10mI sadI pachInI aneka tADapatra-prata maLI che. dakSiNa bhArananI Dhabe zalAkAthI kotarelA lakhANavALI jUnI tADapatra-prato 15mI sadInI maLI che.' gAmaThI pAThazALAomAM tADapatrano upayoga cheka 20mI sadInI zarUAta sudhI thato. dakSiNa bhAratamAM tADapatro para pustaka lakhavAno rivAja hajI thoDA pramANamAM jaLavAI rahyo che. che , amuka prakAranAM lakhANa mATe kyAreka sutarAu kApaDane upayoga thato. ene "paTa", "paTikA" ke "kApasika paTa' kahetA. enA para loTanI pAtaLI lAhI lagAvIne ene sUkavavAmAM Avato ne pachI zaMkha vagere ghasIne ene suMvALe banAvavAmAM Avato. niArakase (I. pU. 4 thI sadI ) A prakAranI lekhanasAmagrI bhAratamAM vaparAtI hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. pATaNa(ji. mahesANuM)nA eka jaina graMtha-bhaMDAramAM dharmavidhi nAme graMthanI vi. saM. 1418(I. sa. 1361-62)nI eka hastaprata che je 13" x 1" kadanAM 93 paTa-patro para 'lakhAI che. rAjasthAnamAM bhaDalI leke paTa para lakhelAM sacitra paMcAMga rAkhe che. jaina derAsaramAM dIpi AdinAM raMgIna citrovALA paTa jovAmAM Ave che. mAyaseramAM vepArIo paTa para hisAbanI vahI lakhatA. gaMgerI maThamAM basotraNaso varSa jUnI AvI seMkaDo vahIo maLe che. ' kavacita sutarAu kApaDanI jema rezamI kApaDa para paNa lakhANa lakhavAmAM AvatuM. 10 ' For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #142
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 111 bauddha sAhityamAM ' phalaka ' te ' zalAkA paranA lakhANanA ullekha Ave che. laka eTale lAkaDAnI pANI; ane zalAkA eTale vAMsanI cIpa. saMskRta sAhityamAM paNa phalaka para lakhavAnA aneka nirdeza maLe che. phalaka para mulatAnI mATI ke khaDI lagAvavAmAM AvatI ne pachI enA para kalama vaDe lakhavAmAM AvatuM. zalAkA para lakheluM nAma bauddha bhikSu mATe pAsapoTa tarIke prayeAjAtu . 11 ' phalaka para pAMDu-lekha (coka) vaDe paNa lakhatA. sulekhananI tAlIma mATe vidyArthIne lAkaDAnI pATI para pAkA raMgathI suMdara akSara lakhAvI ApavAmAM AvatA. 12 lAkaDAnI pATIne cAra khUNe cAra pAyA lagAvI gheADI banAvavAmAM AvatI. 13 lAkaDAnI pATIne kATTikA' kahetA.13a enA para jiMdAM ke kAcAM lakhANa lakhAtAM. barmAmAM bauddha graMthAnI hastaprata phalakA para lakhAtI. 14 madhya eziyAmAM kharAThI lipimAM lakhelI aneka phalaka ha~stapratA maLI che. pa AsAmamAMthI AvI eka hastaprata maLI che. 16 2 keTalIka imAratAnAM lAkaDAnAM agA para lakhANa kotaravAmAM AvatAM;17 paraMtu ene samAveza abhilekhanamAM thAya. ' ! pazcima eziyA, misara . ane yuropanA dezAmAM lekhanasAmagrI tarIke cAmaDAne upayAga ghaNA pracalita hatA, paraMtu bhAratamAM ene upayeNa dhaNA virala .hatA. cAmaDuM bhAratamAM sAmAnya rIte apavitra manAtuM; mRgacamAM / tathA apavAdarUpe pavitra gaNAtAM. bauddha sAhityamAM tathA sukha dhrukRta vyAghaca '' vAsavA mAM lekhanasAmagrI tarIke camanA ullekha Ave che. cama para lakhelI hastapratA madhya eziyAmAM maLI che, paN hajI bhAratamAM maLI nathI.18 .6 ; kAgaLa banAvavAnI zarUAta I. sa. 105mAM cInamAM thaI gaNAya che. 19 niA`se (I. pU. 327) bhAratanA saMdabha mAM je lekhanasAmagrInA ullekha karyA che tene keTalAka kAgaLa tarIke ghaTAve che; te bhAratamAM kAgaLa vadhAre prAcInakAlamAM vaparAtA havAnu darzAve che. 20 paraMtu niAkasane ullekha kharI rIte sutarAu kApaDane lAgu paDe che. 21 chatAM bhAratamAM kAgaLa pahelavahelA muslime mAraphate pracalita thayA,22 ema mAnavuM asthAne che. cInI pravAsIo dvArA kAgaLa bhAratamAM prathama sahasrAbdInA pUrvAdha daramyAna paricita thayA ahI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #143
112 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA have joIe. IsiMga (7mI sadI) bhAratIya kAgaLane ullekha kare che.23 8mI sadInA saMskRta-cInI kozomAM kAgaLa mATenA cInI zabda "sie" parathI thayela "gAya" zabda Apelo che; emAM pAnanuM saMskRtIkRta vaDhi ke javara rU5 paNa maLe che.24 dhArApati bheja rAjA(11mI sadI)e patra-lekhana mATe kAgaLano ullekha karyo che. 25 chatAM eTaluM cokkasa che ke bhAratamAM prAcInakALamAM lekhana mATe tADapatra ane bhujapatra ja ghaNAM pracalita hatAM, jyAre kAgaLano upayoga virala hato. pahelAM ahIM je dezI kAgaLa banato te cikaNo na hovAthI temAM pAkI zAhI phuTatI hatI. AthI pustako lakhavA mATe enA para lAhI lagAvI, ene sUkavI, enA para zaMkha vagere ghasavAmAM AvatA. 26 prAcIna lahiyAo kAgaLanAM pAna tADapatra ke bhUjapatranA kada pramANe kApatA ne dareka pAnanI vacce chidra mATe kerI jagA rAkhatA ne keTalIka vAra emAM chidra pADatA paNa kharA.27 madhyaeziyAmAM lagabhaga pamI sadImAM kAgaLa para lakhAyelI hastaprata maLI che. 28 paraMtu bhAratamAM kAgaLa para javalle ne te paNa ahIMnI AbohavAmAM apAyu nIvaDatI. kAgaLa paranI jUnAmAM jUnI prApta hastaprata 11mI sadInI che. 28 lekhana mATe vividha lekhinI (lakhANa) vaparAtI. lAkaDAnI gaLa tIrNa moMvALI lekhinIne "vaNaka" kahetA. zAhIthI lakhavA mATe baru ke vAMsane ki7 vaparAto. ene kalama paNa kahetA. raMgathI akSaro lakhavA mATe vALavALI pIMchI vaparAtI tene "varNavati kA" kahetA. tADapatro para akSara, kotaravA mATe goLa tIkSNa mavALI "zalAkA" vaparAtI.30 sIdhI ane samAMtara paMktio lakhavA mATe lAkaDAnI rekhApATIno ke oLiyAno upayoga thato. zAhIthI lITI doravA mATe lAkaDAnI kAMbI ane jajavaLa vaparAtI. vatuM deravA mATe "prakAra" ke "parakAra' (kapAsa)ne upayoga thato. 31 - rojiMdAM lakhANa mATe kAcI zAhI ane pustaka lakhavA mATe pAkI zAhI vaparAtI. "mAdhI (zAhI)no ullekha pRhyasUtromAM Ave che. zAhI mATe melA' zabda paNa vaparAto. zAhIthI lakhelA lakhANane sahuthI jUno namUno I. pU. 2jI sadIne maLe che.32 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #144
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 113 viziSTa lakhANo mATe raMgIna zAhI vaparAtI. emAM mukhyatve lAla zAhI pracalita hatI. keTalIka vAra lIlI, jAMbalI ke pILI zAhI paNa vaparAtI. dharmagraMthe jevA mahatvanA graMtha lakhavAmAM kyAreka sonerI ke rUperI zAhIno upayoga thato. 33 abhilekhana-sAmagrI lAMbA kAla sudhI Take tevI jarUravALAM lakhANuM tADapatra-bhUjapatra vagere para lakhavAne badale zilA dhAtu vagere TakAu padArtho para kotaravAmAM AvatAM. zilA : bhAratamAM zilA(paththara) para lakhANa kotaravAno rivAja ati prAcInakALathI adyaparyata pracalita che. AvA lakhANane zilAlekha kahe che. zilAlekhanA sahuthI jUnA namUnA haDappA, mohejo-daDo, lothala vagere sthaLoe selakhaDInI mudrAo tathA mudrikA(paTTa 1)rUpe maLyA che, jeno samaya I. pU. 2400 thI 1600no AMkavAmAM Ave che. mudrAo samarasa ane lagabhaga 1" x 1" kadanI che, jyAre mudrikAo laMbacorasa ane enA karatAM nAnA kadanI che.34 atihAsika kAlanA sahuthI jUnA zilAlekhomAM mauya samrATa azokanA zilAlekha jANItA che. e traNacAra prakAranA che. DuMgarALa pradezamAM paDelA koI zaila (moTI zilA) para je lekha kotaravAmAM AvyA che tene "parvatalekha" ke zailalekha" kahe che.35 dA. ta., giranAra pAse je zilA para azakanA cauda dharmalekha (paTTa 2) katarelA che, te zilAnI Toca 12 phUTa UMcI che ne ene gherAvo nIcalA bhAgamAM 75 phUTa jeTalo che. azokanA eka zilAlekhamAM 36 "zilA-phalaka"no ullekha Ave che. azokanA upalabdha zilAlekhomAM "zilA-phalaka" kahI zakAya evo eka ja namUne maLe che, je agAu bairATa(rAjasthAna)mAM hato ne pachI kalakattAnA InDiyana myujhiyamamAM rakhAyo che. zilA-phalaka eTale paththaranI takatI. nAnA ke madhyama kadanA lekha sAmAnya rIte zilAnI sarakhI ghaDelI suMvALI bAju para kotaravAmAM Ave che. bhA. 8 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #145
114 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA maMdira, vAva, masjida, kabara vagerenA nirmANa tathA jIrNoddhArane lagatA ghaNA lekha zilA-phalaka para kotarelA hoya che. hAla paNa khAtamuhUrta, uddaghATana, sthApanA, makAnanuM ke mAlikanuM nAma vagerene lagatA lekha paththaranI takatI para ketaravAmAM Ave che. vidvAna lekhake racelo lekha zilA-phalaka para salATa TAMkaNAthI ketare te pahelAM lahiyo tenI ekeka ke babbe paMkti tenA para zAhIthI lakhI Apato hoya che. 37 nAnA phalaka para rekhApaTI rAkhIne ane moTA phalaka para gerathI dorInI nizAnI lagAvIne lekhanI lITIo sIdhI kADhavAmAM AvatI. maMdira vAva vagerenI bhIMtamAM takatIne prAyaH gokhalAmAM lagAvavAmAM AvatI. takatI para lekha kotaratI vakhate enI cAre bAju hAMsi choDavAmAM Avato, lITI pADavAmAM AvatI ke hAMsiyAnI jagA UMcI rAkhIne aMdaranA bhAga thoDo UMDe karavAmAM AvatA. 38 sAmAnya rIte lekha eka phalaka para kotaravAmAM Avato, paraMtu jyAre lekha ghaNe lAMbe hoya tyAre tene ekathI vadhu phalako para kotaravo paDato. kuMbhalagaDha(mevADa)nA kuMbhasvAmI maMdiramAM mahArANuM kuMbhAno lekha moTAM moTAM pAMca phalaka para kotarAya che. mevADanA rANA rAjasiMhe karAvelA "rAjasamudra" jaLAzayane lagatI 24 sargamAM racAyelI rAtraprati 24 jeTalAM phalaka para kotarelI che.39 keTalAka zilAlekha zilAtaMbha para kotaravAmAM Ave che. maurya samrATa azake aneka goLa UMcA zilAtaMbha ghaDAvIne enA para lekha kotarAvelA che. devAlayanI AgaLa dhvajarUpe sthApelA staMbhane "vajataMbha', jayanI yAdagIrI mATe sthApelA staMbhane "jayastaMbha ane kIti mATe sthApelA staMbhane "kAti staMbha kahe che.40 videha vyaktinI yAdagIrInA staMbha para te vyaktinI mukhAkRti ghaDavAmAM Ave. tyAre te staMbhane "chAyAstaMbha" kahe che.41 moTA yajJanI yAdagIrImAM je staMbha para lekha kotaravAmAM Avato, tene "yUpa" kahe che.42 videha thayela vyaktinI yAdagIrImAM paththaranI lATa para lekha kotarI tene sthApavAmAM AvatI, tene saMskRtamAM yaSTi ane prAkRtamAM straSTi ke ri kahetA. dA. ta., aMdha( ji. kaccha)mAM zaka varSa 72 (I. sa. 131)nA cAra yaSTilekha maLyA che.43 ghaNI vAra saMgrAmamAM vIragati pAmela yoddhAnI yAdagIrImAM tema ja patinI pAchaLa satI thayelI strInI yAdagIrImAM zilA-staMbha ke zilA-STi para lekha kotarAvavAmAM AvatoAvI zilAne hAla pALiyA tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #146
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 115 che. ddhAne lagatA pALiyAmAM lekhanI upara talavAra (ke bhAlo) ane DhAla dhAraNa karelA ghoDesavAranI ane satIne lagatA pALiyAmAM satInA kaMkaNavALA hAthanI ke patinuM zaba hAthamAM laI UbhelI strInI AkRti kotaravAmAM AvatI. gujarAtamAM AvA pALiyA saurASTramAM tathA kacchamAM ThekaThekANe jovA maLe che. vaLI zilA-bhAMDa4Y (paththaranAM vAsaNa), zilA-maMjUSA5 (paththaranI peTI), zilA-samugaka (paththarano dAbaDe, paTTa 3) vagere bIjA aneka prakAranA zilAmaya padArtho para paNa lekha kotarelA jovAmAM Ave che. DuMgaramAM kaMDArelI guphAnI dIvAla para (ke kavacita chata para) paNa keTalIka vAra lekha kotaravAmAM AvatA ane guphAlekha kahe che. maurya samrATa azoke barAbara DuMgara(bihAra) nI traNa guphAomAM lekha kotarAvelA.47 bhuvanezvara (orissA) pAse AvelA udayagirinI hAthI guphAmAM kaliMgAdhipati khAravelane lekha (lagabhaga I. pU. 1lI sadI) kotarelo che.48 nAsika ane kArlA( ji. pUnA) nA DuMgaromAM laharAta kSatrapa tathA sAtavAhana rAjAonA samayanA aneka lekha kotaravAmAM AvyA che.49 ajaMtAnI guphAomAM paNa keTalAka lekha karelA che.50 cityagRho ane vihAranA keTalAka staMbho para staMbhanA nirmAtAne lagatA lekha jovAmAM Ave che. zilA-pratimAnI besaNI para ke pITha para keTalIka vAra lekha kotaravAmAM Ave che, jemAM te pratimAnA nirmANa tathA tenI pratiSThAne lagatI hakIkta noMdhavAmAM Ave che, jema ke sAranAthanI bauddha zilA-pratimAo (5 mI sadI) para 51 tathA eraNa(ma. pra.)nI varAha-pratimA para.para gujarAtanAM aneka maMdiramAM, khAsa karIne jena maMdiromAM, AvA seMkaDo pratimA-lekha maLe che. zilAlekhanA A badhA prakAromAM phalaka-lekha sahuthI vadhu pramANamAM maLe che. prAcInakALamAM zilAtaMbhalekho tathA tAmrapatre vadhu saMkhyAmAM maLe che, jyAre bIjI sahastrAbdImAM phalakalekho sahuthI moTI saMkhyA dharAve che. dA. ta., gujarAtamAM solaMkI kAla (I. sa. 942-1304) daramyAna aneka mahatvanA zilAlekha kotarAyA che, jema ke mAMgaroLane vi. saM. 1202(I. sa. 1146) lekha, vaDanagarane vi. saM. 1208(I. sa. 115ra )no lekha, prabhAsa pATaNane valabhI saMvata 850(I. sa. 1169)ne lekha, Abu paranA vi. saM. 1287 (I. sa. 1231 )nA lekha, giranAra paranA vi. saM. 1288 (I. sa. 1232)nA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #147
116 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA lekha, DabheIne vi. saM. 1311(I. sa. 1255)ne lekha vagere. solaMkIkAla pachInA ghaNuM abhilekha zilAphalaka lekho rUpe ja maLe che; have tAmrapatra ke zilAstaMbha javalle ja maLe che, jyAre pALiyA paranA lekha ThIka saMkhyA dharAve che.54 mATI : mATI piote paththaranA jevI majabUta ne TakAu nathI, paraMtu mArIne pANIthI palALI temAM joItA ghATa ApavA sahelA paDe che ne A ghATa sukAtAM kaThaNa bane che. je ene agnithI tapAvavAmAM Ave te e vadhu majabUta ane TakAu bane che. mATInA AvA padArthone pakavatA pahelAM keTalIka vAra enI para abhilekha aMkita karavAmAM Avato, prAyaH bIbAMnI chApa lagAvIne. pazcima eziyAmAM AvA abhilekha saMkhyAbaMdha maLe che, jyAre bhAratamAM e javalle ja maLe che. keTalIka ITa para bauddha dhAraNIo tathA sUtro kotarelAM che. mathurAnA myujhiyamamAM keTalIka moTI moTI I TonI jADAInI eka bAju para lagabhaga I. pU. 1lI sadInI lipimAM meTA akSaranI ekeka paMkti che. dIvAlamAM e ITa hArabaMdha goThavIne emAMthI saLaMga lakhANa vAMcavAnuM abhipreta che. keTalIka vAra I To para koI rAjAe azvamedha karyAne lagatA lekha kotarAta.55 haDappA, mohejo-daDe, lothala vagere sthaLoe phAyansa ke mATInA nAnA padArtho para aMkita karelAM mudrAMka maLe che.pa6 uttara bhAratamAM atihAsika kAlanAM sthaLoe mATInI AvI saMkhyAbaMdha mudrAo tathA mudrAMko maLyA che, jemAM keTalAMka tapAvelAM ane keTalAMka pakavelAM che. AmAMnAM koI adhikaraNonAM ane adhikArIonAM che, koI khAnagI vyaktionAM ne koI dhArmika saMsthAonAM. 50 paisAnA sikkA jevI mATInI aneka guTikAo gujarAtamAMya maLI che; enA para bauddha dharmanuM tattva darzAvatI gAthA katarI hoya che.57 mATInAM vAsaNo para keTalIka vAra lekha kotaryA hoya che, jema ke valabhIpura(ji. bhAvanagara)mAMthI maLelA eka ghaDA para. AvA abhilekhane "mRtpAtra (ke mRdabhAMDa) lekha" kahe che. AvAM pAtra dhArmika saMsthAone arpaNa karavA mATe ke koInAM pavitra asthi bharavA mATe banAvavAmAM AvatAM.58 keTalAka itara padArtho : AMdhrapradezamAM eka bauddha vihAranAM khaMDeromAM keTalAka abhilikhita zaMkha maLyA che. A abhilekha arpaNAtmaka prakAranA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #148
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 117 che. hAthIdAMtanI paTTInI banAvelI mudrAo maLI che. kAcabAnA kecalA para maMtra kotarAtA. ImAratomAM lAkaDAnA pATaDA tathA staMbho vagere para kyAreka lekha kotarelA jovAmAM Ave che.pa9 dhAtu : dhAtumAM mATInI rUpakSamatA tathA zilAnI majabUtI rahelI che, tethI abhilekhana mATe dhAtunAM patarAM nAnA pAtaLA ne TakAu padArtha tarIke khAsa mAphaka Ave che. paraMtu e patarAM banAvavA mATe dhAtukAmanI jabarajasta prakriyA karavI paDe che ne zilAphalaka karatAM e ghaNAM moMghAM paDe che. bauddha sAhityamAM suvarNapatro (senAnAM patarAM) para zrImaMta vepArIonAM kauTuMbika khata, rAjakIya Adeza ane dharmanA niyamo kotaravAnA aneka ullekha Ave che, paraMtu tenuM bahu madhuM hovAthI ene upayoga ghaNo virala rahyo che. takSazilAnAM khaMDeromAM kharoSThI lipimAM kotareluM eka suvarNapatra maLeluM. bAMgalA dezanA eka jaLAzayamAMthI 24 suvarNapatro para kotarelI pothI maLI hatI. bhAratanI jema barmAmAM paNa bauddha dharmane lagatAM zeDAM suvarNapatra maLyAM che. 60 kuSANa, gupta, mughalo vagerenA senAnA sikkAo para aMkita karelAM lakhANa paNa suvarNaabhilekha gaNAya. cakavavI harSanI rAjamudrA hATaka(suvarNa)nI hatI evo "harSacarita mAM ullekha che. senAnI jema cAMdInAM patarAM para paNa kayAreka lekha kotarAtA. ene rajatapatra kahe che. bhadila(AMdhra pradeza)nA prAcIna stUpamAMthI eka AvuM rajatapatra maLeluM; eka bIja takSazilAnAM khaMDeromAMthI maLeluM. keTalAMka jaina derAsaromAM maMtro ane yaMtro kotarelAM rajatapatra hoya che. 1 sonA ane cAMdIno DhoLa caDhAvelAM tADapatronI hastaprata maLI che. 2 pazcimI kSatrapanA kAlathI bhAratamAM cAMdInA AkRti 9 : cAMdIne sikako sikkAo para lakhANa mudrAMkita karAtuM (AkRti 9). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #149
118 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA cAMdInAM LiyAM tathA vAsaNe para kotarelA lekha maLe che.63 bhAre kiMmatane kAraNe sonA tathA cAMdIne upayoga lekhana-sAmagrI tarIke virala rahyo che, jyAre dhAtuomAM tAMbAno upayoga vyApaka rahyo che. haDappA ane mohejo-daDomAM eka tAmrapaTTikAo maLI che. enI eka ke baMne bAju para lakhANa kotareluM hoya che (AkRti 10). 4 are reat athavA nAma * *ii VOU che, bane : - AkRti 10 : tAmrapAdikA bhAratamAM ghaNA prAcInakALathI bhUmidAnane mahimA manAyo che. bhUmidAnathI dAna lenArane kAyamI upajanuM salAmata sAdhana prApta thatuM. bhUminuM dAna vArasAgata hovAthI e bhUmino bhogavaTo peDhIo ne peDhIo lagI cAlu raheto. AthI bhUmidAna sAthe ene lagatuM khata lakhI ApavAmAM AvatuM ne e rAjazAsananuM khata tAMbAnA patarAM para kotarAvI ApavAmAM AvatuM, kema ke tAMbu avinAzI che. dAnazAsana katarelA tAMbAnA patarAMne "tAmrapatra" ke "tAmrazAsana" ke "dAnapatra" kahe che. emAM lekhane aMte rAjAnA svahasta (dastaka) ApavAmAM AvatA. uttara bhAratamAM bhUjapatranA namUnA parathI kotarAtAM tAmrapatra bhUjapatranA kadanAM hAI saMkhyAmAM eka ke be ja rahetAM, jyAre dakSiNa bhAratamAM tADapatranA namUnA parathI taiyAra thatAM tAmrapatra tADapatranI jema lAMbAM ane sAMkaDAM hAI saMkhyAmAM aneka rahetAM. gujarAtamAM mitraka, gujara, solaMkI vagere vaMzanAM dAnapatra sAmAnya rIte be patarAM para kotarAyAM che, jyAre rASTrakUTa vaMzanAM dAnapatra sAmAnyataH traNa patarAM para kotarelAM che. dakSiNa bhAratanAM ghaNAM patarAM traNathI sAta patarAM para kotarelA hoya che. madurAthI maLeluM zaka varSa 1508(I. sa. 1586)nuM dAnapatra 9 patarAM para ne rAjendra coLanuM 23 mAM rAjyavarSanuM dAnapatra ra1 parAM para kareluM che. A parAMnI ADI ke UbhI dhAra pAse eka ke be kANuM pADavAmAM AvatAM ne emAM tAMbAnI saLI parovIne For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #150
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 119 tenI kaDI vALavAmAM AvatI. emAMnI eka kaDInA sAMdhA para tAMbAno ke kAMsAno gaThTho lagAvIne tenA para rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvavAmAM AvatI (AkRti - Y *** : : $ DE AkRti 11 : valabhInuM tAmrazAsana 11), jethI judAM judAM zAsanapatranAM patarAMne ADAMavaLAM joDI zakAya nahi. mudrAmAM akSara UMDA kacavAmAM AvatA, tethI mudrAMkamAM e upaselA paDatA. tAmrazAsanane prAyaH jamInanI aMdara, koThalAmAM, koThImAM ke dIvAlanI aMdara rAkhelA bAkorAmAM rAkhavAmAM AvatuM. AthI enA cheka upalA tathA cheka nIcalA patarAnI bahAranI bAjU karI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. arthAta pahelA tathA chellA patarAnI mAtra aMdaranI bAju para lakhANa kotaravAmAM AvatuM; vaccenAM patarAMnI baMne bAjuo ketaravAnA kAmamAM levAtI. pAse pAsenI abhilikhita bAjuo ekabIjA sAthe ghasAya nahi te mATe enI kinArene thoDI aMdara vALavAmAM AvatI. 65 hastapratonI jema tAmrapatro para paNa lAMbI bAjune samAMtara lITIo lakhAtI. zilAnI jema tAmrapatra para paNa pahelAM lahiye zAhIthI lakhI Apato ne pachI kaMsAra te pramANe ojArathI akSara kotarato. ghaNI vAra e cAlu TAMkaNAe saLaMga karato, to koIvAra alaga alaga biMduo rUpe kotarato.6 prAcInakAlanA bhAratIya abhilekhomAM tAmrapatra ThIka ThIka saMkhyAmAM maLe che. phA-hyAna (lagabhaga I. sa. 400) noMdhe che te pramANe eNe bhAratamAM aneka bauddha vihAramAM tAmrapatro para kotarelAM dAnazAsana joyelAM ne emAMnA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #151
120 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA keTalAMka buddhanA samayanAM hatAM. emAM buddhakAlIna tAmrapatronI vigata khAtarIvALI na gaNAya. paraMtu IsvI sananI AraMbhika sadIomAM bhAratamAM tAmrapatra ketaratAM e cokkasa che. yuana svAMge (7mI sadI) noMdhyuM che ke kuSANa rAjA kaniSka belAvelI bauddha bhikSuonI saMgItie taiyAra karelA traNa vivaraNagraMtha tAmrapatro para kotarAvIne zilA-maMjUSAomAM mUkI tenA para tUpa caNavAmAM AvyA hatA. sAyaNakRta veda-bhASya mATe paNa AvI vAta pracalita che. tirupatImAM tAmrapatro para kotarelA telugu graMtha maLyA che ne bama tathA silenamAMthI paNa tAmrapatra para kotarelA dharmagraMtha maLyA che. e jotAM kaniSka ane sAyaNane lagatI anuzruti asaMbhavita na gaNAya. dharmagraMthanI jema yaMtro kotarelAM tAmrapatra paNa maLe che. 67 sehagaurA(u. pra.)mAMthI maLeluM kahevAtuM tAmrapatra I pU. 3jI sadInA arasAmAM kotarAyuM lAge che, paraMtu e kharI rIte tAmrapatra nahi paNa kAMsAnI takatI hovAnuM mAlUma paDayuM che. 68 to takSazilAmAMthI maLeluM mahArAja moganA samayanuM patikanuM tAmrapatra69 sahuthI jUnuM jJAta tAmrapatra gaNAya. A tAmrapatra varSa 78 nuM che, je varSa prAyaH vikrama saMvatanuM hoI I pU. 1lI sadInuM gaNAya. A tAmrapatra bhUmidAnane lagatuM nahi, paNa bauddha stUpa tathA saMdhArAmanA nimaNane lagatuM che. kaniSkanA samayanuM tAmrapatra paNa maLyuM che, je varSa 11 (I. sa. 89) nuM che. A tAmrapatra yaSTi-pratiSThAne lagatuM che.70 gupta samrATonA vaMzamAM samudraguptanA nAme pAchaLathI banAvaTI tAmrapatra karAyelAM che. paraMtu kumAragupta 1 lAnA samaya(5 mI sadI)thI bhUmidAnane lagatAM kharAM tAmrapatra maLyAM che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM 73 tathA gujarAtamAM 4 thI sadIthI zarU thatAM tAmrapatra prApta thayAM che, jemAM paNa bhUmidAnane lagatAM rAjazAsana kotarelAM che. valabhInA maiitraka rAjyanAM 100 thI vadhu tAmrazAsana maLyAM che emAM dAnazAsananuM lakhANa tAmrapatranI aMdaranI bAju para kotareluM hoya che (paTTa 4). keTalIka vAra tAmrapAtro para enA mAlikanAM nAma kotaravAmAM Ave che. ghaNuM tApratimAnI besaNI para ene lagatA lekha kotarelA che. tAMbAnI takatIo athavA muddAo para nAnA bauddha graMtha kotarAtA.5 nAnI kiMmatanA nANuM mATe tAMbAnA sikakA bhAratamAM prAcInakALathI pracalita che. tenA para lakhANa kotareluM hoya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #152
abhilekhananI sAmagrI pittaLa : dhAtupratimAM pittaLanI mUrti e ghaNI pracalita che.74 nAnI pratimAonI pITha para tema ja nAnI moTI pratimAonI besaNa para ghaNI vAra ene lagato lekha kotarelo hoya che. AvI seMkaDo dhAtupratimAo che, khAsa karIne jaina maMdiramAM. A pratimAo paranA lekha 7mI sadIthI kotarelA che. 7 jaina maMdiromAM pittaLanI takatIo para "namokAra' maMtra tathA yaMtra kotarelAM hoya che 38 maMdiranA dvAra para keTalIka vAra dAnane lagatA lekha katarelI pittaLanI takatIo lagAvavAmAM Ave che.79 et * * : ',''. "* ::: kAMsuM : sohagaurAmAMthI I. pU. 3jI sadInA arasAmAM kotarelI kAMsAnI takatI maLI che. maNiyAlA(pazcima paMjAba)mAMthI paNa kAMsAnI eka prAcIna abhilikhita takatI maLI che. tAmrapatronI kaDInA sAMdhA para lagAvelAM mudrAMka sAmAnya rIte kAMsAnAM hoya che, temAM rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvI hoya che.80 valabhInI rAjamudrAmAM naMdinA pratIkanI ane zrImanna nAmanI chApa paDatI( AkRti 12 ). maMdiromAM laTakatA kAMsAnA keTalAka ghaMTa para tenA bheTane lagatA lekha kotaryA hoya che.81 AkRti 12 H valabhInI rAjamudrA loDhuM : dilhI pAse Avela meharaulImAM kutubaminAra pAse je prasiddha lohastaMbha che, tenA para pamI sadIno saMskRta lekha kotarelo che. Abu parvata para acalezvaranA maMdiramAMnA lohanA moTA trizUla para vi. saM. 1468 (i. sa. 1412 )no lekha kotarelo che. citoDa, junAgaDha vagere sthaLoe AvelI jUnI lokhaMDanI topa para lekha jovA maLe che. sikkAo pADavA mATenAM bIbAM sAmAnya rIte lokhaMDanAM banatAM hatAM. enA para akSara UlaTA maroDamAM kotarAtA.02 sIsuM : sAtavAhana vagere vaMzanA keTalAka sikkA sIsAnA che, jenA para lakhANa mudrAMkita kareluM che. kalAI : abhilekhana mATe A dhAtuno Upaga bhAgye ja thato. eka prAcIna bauddha graMtha kalAInAM patarAM para kotaravAmAM Avela, te hAla briTiza myujhiyamamAM che.83 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #153
122 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA Ama bhAratIya abhilekhAmAM zilAlekhA, tAmrapatrA, sikkAlekhA ane pratimAlekhA sahuthI vadhu saMkhyAmAM maLyA che. zilAlekhAmAM agAu rata bhalekha vadhu pracalita hatA, jyAre pachI phalakalekha vadhu saMkhyAmAM kotarAyA che. hAla khAsa karIne takatIlekhA, pratimAlekhA ane sikkAlekhA pracalita che. pAdaTIpa 1-2. Buhler, IP, pp. 139 f; bokSA, mAtrAhi, rR. 143-144; Pandey, IP, pp. 66 ff.; Sircar, IE, pp. 63 ff. 3. IE, p. 65 4-8. Bubler, IP, pp. 141 f.; mAtrAhi, pR. 142-143; Pandey, IP, pp. 68 ff.; IE, pp. 61 ff. 9. Buhler, IP, p. 140; mAtrAddhi, rR. 14-146, Pandey, IP, pp. 71 f.; IE, pp. 65 ff. 10, mAtrAhi, pR. 147; IE, p. 67 11. Buhler, IP, pp. 140 f.; Pandey, IP, pp. 72 f.; IE, p. 69 12, mAtrAhi, pR. 146-197 13. mAtrAddhi, pR. 146 13. puNyavijayajI, ' bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA,' pR. 32 14. Buhler, IP, p. 141; Pandey, IP, p. 73 15. IE, p. 69 16. Buhler, IP, p. 141 17. IE, p. 69 18. Buhler, IP, pp. 142 f.; mAtrAhi, rR. 147; Pandey, IP, pp. 73 f.; IE, p. 667 19. Barnet, Antiquities of India," p. 229 27, mAtrAhi, rR. 144; Pandey, IP, p. 70 21. Buhler, IP, p. 23; IE, p. 66 22. Buhler, IP, p. 143 ** 24. IE, p. 68 26. mAtrAhi, rR. 144 28 mAtrAhi, rR. 141 23. IE, p. 67 25. Buhler, IP, p. 145 27. mAtrAhi, pR. 14; IE, p. 68 29. IE, p. 68 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #154
abhilekhananI sAmagrI 123 37, Bihler, IP, p. 147; mAtrAujha, pR. 17; puNyavijayajI, "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA', "jena citrakalpadruma"pR. 32-35 31, Bihler, IP, p. 147; mAprAjhi, pR. 17-168; puNyavijayajI, ejana, pR. 35-37 32, Bihler, IP, p. 146; mAjhAtri, pR. 1; puNyavijayajI, ejana, pR. 38-41 33, Bihler, IP, p. 146; mAprAjhi, pR. 156; puNyavijayajI, ejana, pR. 44-45 34, ha. gaM. zAstrI, "haDappA ne mohe jo-daDo," pR. 57-58 35. azokanA zilAlekhamAM "parvata" zabda prayojAya che; arvAcIna ItihAsa kAroe ene mATe "rock," "khaDaka" ane "zaila' zabda prayojyA che. 36. zilA-staMbha lekha naM. 7mAM 37-38 mAprAjhi, pR. 148 39 IE, p. 71 40, IE, pp. 71 f. 41. IE, pp. 72 f. 42dA. ta., baDavA(rAjasthAna)mAM 3jI sadInA traNa yUpa-lekha maLyA che (Sircar, "Select Inscriptions," pp. 92 f.). 43. gi. va. AcArya, "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho,"bhAga 1,naM. 2 thI 5 44. dA. ta., pijhAvA(u. pra.)mAMthI maLela bauddha zilAbhAMDa lekha ("Select Inscriptions," p. 84). 45. dA. ta., bhadilu( AMdhra pradeza)nA I. pU. 2 jI sadInA maMjUSAlekha (S. I, pp. 215 ff.) 46. dA. ta., devanI morI(ji. sAbarakAMThA)ne 4 thI sadIno samugaka-lekha 47. S. H., pp. 78 f. 48, Ibid., pp. 206 ff. 49. Ibid, pp. 157 f f; 191 ft. 50. dA. ta., vAkATaka hariSaNanA samayane (6ThThI sadIna)-S. I., pp. 425 ft. pa1, s. I, pp. 320 f, 323 para, S. I, pp. 396 f. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #155
124 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 53. gu. A le, naM. 145, 147, 155, 167-169, 207-212, 215 54. dA. ta., juo "Inscriptions of Kathiawad"mAM ApelA lekhe. papa, mAdhyAtri, pR. 161; IE, p. 63 pa6. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "haDappA ne mohejo-daDo." pR. 58 57-58, mANAki, pR. 11; IE, pp. 73 f. 59. IE, p. 74 6. mANAki, pR. 111-112; IE, pp. 77 f. 61. mAtrAjhi, pR. 12; IE, p. 78 dara, BihlerIP, p. 143 63, S.J., pp. 129 f, 131 64. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "haDappA ne mohejo-daDo," pR. 58-59 65-67, Bihler, IP, pp. 143 f; mAprAjhi, pR. 12-13; Pandey, IP, pp. 78 ff.; ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta," pR. para9 546; IE, pp. 74 ff. 68. IE, p. 14, n. 6 69, S. I., pp. 120 f. 70. S. I, pp. 135 f. 71, S. I, Book II, Nos. 4, 5 72. Ibid., Nos. 17-19 73. Ibid., Nos. 59, 64-66, 68 74. IzvararAtanuM karAyelA tAmrapatra ( EI, Vol. XXXIII, p. 303) 75. IE, p. 77 76, keTalIka mUtio paMcadhAtunI banAvelI hoya che. aMgrejImAM dhAtupratimAo (tathA dhAtunI anya kalAkRtio) mATe sAmAnyataH "bronzes' zabda prajAya che. 77. dA.ta., akoTA(vaDodarA)mAMthI maLelI prAcIna jaina dhAtupratimAonA samaya, nirUpaNa tathA abhilekho mATe juo . u. pra. zAhanuM "Akota Bronzes." 78, mAjhAtri, pR. 154; Pandey, IP, pp. 81 f. 80, IP, pp. 78 f. 81. mANAtri, pR. 154 82, mANAki . 154; IE, p. 79 83, Bihler, IP, p. 144 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #156
abhilekhananI paddhati zilA tAmrapatra vagere para kotarelA lekhamAM e lekha lakhAvanAra uparAMta bIjI betraNa vyaktione phALo rahelo hoya che. keI lekhanuM lakhANa taiyAra kare che, koI e lakhANa zilA vagere para lakhI Ape che ne kaI e pramANe katarI Ape che. AmAMnI pahelI be kriyAo te te samayanI pracalita lekhanapaddhatine anusare che. lekhaka : abhilekhanuM lakhANa taiyAra karanAra sAmAnya rIte tenA tarIke oLakhAto. maurya samrATa azokanA lekhomAM "ravivAra ' zabda "lekhaka" mATe prayojAyo che, paraMtu tyAM e zabda lahiyA ke salATanA arthamAM vadhAre baMdha bese che. samaya jatAM rAjyataMtramAM dastAvejI lakhANo taiyAra karanArAone viziSTa vaga astitvamAM Avyo. AvA lekhakane "vivira " kahetA A zabda IrAnI bhASAnA "debIra" zabda parathI sAsAnI kAla daramyAna pazcima bhAratamAM pracalita thayo hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. "lipikara" tathA enA paryAyarUpe vaparAyelo "libikara" ke "dipikara' zabda ane "debIra" ke "divira" e badhA zabda bhAratIya-IrAnI bhASAnuM mULa dharAvatA hoya e taddana saMbhavita che.* valabhInA mitraka rAjayanAM dAnazAsananA keTalAka lekhaka "divirapati" arthAta diverenA vaDA hatA. e moTe bhAge saMdhi-vigraha khAtAnA mukhya adhikArI paNa hatA.5 "divira" zabda bhAratIya abhilekhomAM 6ThThI thI 8mI sadI daramyAna khAsa pracalita hato. ragatarAiLI jevA graMthamAM e 11mI-12mI sadI daramyAna prayojAya che. dastAvejI lakhANa mATe saraLa zabda pracalita hato. e parathI AvuM lakhANa lakhanArane varAva ke varaNanuM kahetA. kyAreka e vara paNa kahevAtuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #157
126 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA samAjamAM vara nAme kulaparaMparAgata vaga thayA te dhama zAstranI dRSTie mizravaNa nA arthAt hIna kulanA gaNAtA. evI rIte lahiyAone vAcastha nAme dhaMdhAdArI vaga pracalita thayA. kAyasthA rAjyataMtramAM karaNika tarIke mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA te teonI rAjadarabAranI lAgavagane laI ne prajAjanAne kAyasthA taraphathI kanaDagatanI khIka rahetI. dha zAstranI dRSTie kAyastha paNa mizravaNanA arthAt hInakulanA gaNAtA. kAyasthA lahiyA uparAMta dastAvejI lakhANeAnA lekhaka tarIke niSNAta thatA te AthI rAjadarabAramAM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA. 8 keTalAka abhilekha sAdA ane TUMkA hoya che, keTalAka mukhyatve dastAvejI svarUpanA hoya che, jyAre keTalAka sAhityika kATinA hoya che. dAnazAsaneAmAM ApelI rAjAonI prazasti ucca gadyazailInA ke suMdara padyaracanAnA sArA namUnArUpa che. enI racanA mATe bhAge ucca adhikArIee karelI heAya che. AthI ghaNA abhilekhAnA lekhake| tarIke sArI kavitvazakti dharAvatA adhikArIe dekhA de che. dA.ta., alAhAbAda staMbhalekhamAM samudraguptanI padyamAM tathA gadyamAM je sudara prazasti karelI che te hariSeNa nAme adhikArInI racanA che.10 valabhInA maitraka rAjAonAM dAnazAsaneAmAM gadyamAM ApelI suMdara prAptie mahAsAMdhivigrahika jevA divipatiee ke mahAkSapaTalAdhikArIoe racI che. rASTrakUTa rAjAonAM dAnazAsaneAmAM ApelI padyabaddha prazastiae paNa evA adhikArIoe racelI che. seAlakI rAjAonAM sAdAM dAnazAsana kAyasthAe lakhelAM che, jyAre zilAlekhAmAM kAtarAyelI teonI suMdara prazasti zrIpAla ane seAmezvaradeva jevA siddhahasta kaviee racelI che.11 hariSaNanI jema vatsaTTi, kRSNa ane gaNapativyAsa jevA keTalAka kavienI mAhitI tenA abhilekhA parathI ja maLe che.12 dhaNA abhilekhAmAM lekhakanuM nAma ApeluM hotuM nathI. sAdAsIdhA abhilekhAmAM lekhakanuM nAma mahattvanuM hetuM nathI, paraMtu keTalIka su Mdara racanAonA lekhakeAnAM nAma ajJAta rahI gayAM che, jema ke, rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudrAdAmAne jUnAgaDha zaeNlalekha, vAsiSThIputra puchumAvine nAsika guphAlekha, kali MgAdhipati khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekha ke gupta samrATa ska Mdaguptane jUnAgaDha zailalekha.13 prazasti-racanA sAmAnya rIte yazasvI parAkrame ne lagatA ke maMdira vAva vagere pUta kArTUnA nirmANa ke jIrNoddhArane lagatA abhilekhAmAM karavAmAM Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #158
abhilekhananI paddhati 127 bhUmidAnane lagatAM zAsaneAmAM dAna denAra rAjA tathA enA purogAmIonI vigata ApavAnA rivAja hatA, AthI prAcIna dAnazAsanemAM e rAjAonA caritanI prazasti ApavAmAM AvatI.14 madhyakAlIna abhilekhAmAM pUta kAyanA nirmANa ke punanirmANane lagatI aneka prazastie maLe che ne temAM prazasti racanAra peAtAnuM nAma bhAgye ja ApatA.15 jyAre arvAcIna abhilekhAmAM kavinuM nAma vadhu pramANamAM maLe che.16 alabatta, kAvyanI dRSTie prazastinu dhAraNa ekaMdare uttarAuttara UtaratuM jAya che. lahiyA : lekhake raceluM lakhANa pahelAM lahiyA pAse abhilekhanA padArtha para sArA akSare paddhatisara zAhIthI lakhAvavAmAM Avatu.. abhilekhana mATe lakhANanI nakala karI ApanAra lahiyAnuM nAma emAM bhAgye ja lakhavAmAM AvatuM. jyAM sAdA ke kAvyamaya abhilekha racanAranuM nAma paNa ghaNIvAra jaNAvatuM nahi, tyAM e lakhANanI nakala karI ApanAra lahiyAnA nAmanuM mahattva ghaNuM enDru gaNAtu hoya e svAbhAvika che. maurya kAlamAM lipikara ' zabda lahiyA karatAM salATanA arthamAM vaparAyeA hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. ' lekhaka' zabda keTalIka vAra lekhanuM lakhANa taiyAra karanAra mATe te keTalIka vAra enI nakala karanAra mATe arthAt keTalIka vAra racanAra mATe ne keTalIka vAra lahiyA mATe prayeAjAteA. sulekhanakalAmAM kAyasthA aneka raNikA jevA lahiyAe niSNAta hAI, abhilekhana mATenI suMdara nakala meTe bhAge tenI pAse karAvavAmAM AvatI. keTalIka vAra lekha dhaDanAra lekhaka pAte abhilekhananA padArtha para nakala karI ApatA, teA keTalIkavAra salATa ke kaMsArA pAte enA para nakala karI letA. 17 koI vAra zilA ke tAmrapatra para zAhIthI lakhelI patie jovAmAM Ave che, je pachIthI kAtaravI rahI gaI hoya. 18 koI vAra zilAlekhane a Mte kartA, lahiyA ane salATa--e traNeyanAM nAma ApelAM hAya che, jemake ratnasiMha ke devagaNa, kSatriya kumArapAla ane sAMpula.19 salA te kaMsArA : zilAlekha kotaranAra dhaNI vAra * sUtradhAra ' tarIke oLakhAtA. * salATa, kaDiyA, suthAra vagere kArIgarAne mApa pramANe kAma karavAnu hAya che te mApa levA mATe tee sUtra (dorA ke dorI ) dhAraNa karatA hoya che. hAlanA ' sutAra '-< suthAra ' zabda ' sUtradhAra ' uparathI vyutpanna thayA che.20 zilAlekhAmAM te sUtradhAranuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che tyAM meTe bhAge * sUtradhAra ' ne badale enuM saMkSipta rUpa sUtra0 vaparAya che. ' ( , For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #159
128 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sUtradhAra " ne badale keTalIkavAra "zilAkUTa" zabda vaparAto. emAM paththara kAmanI kArIgarIno viziSTa bhAva samAyela che. "zipI" ane "rUpakAra" zabda paNa zilpakalAnA ghetaka che. "salATa" zabda "zilAkAra " parathI jaNAya che. sAmAnya rIte salATane zilA para pahelAM zAhIthI lakhANa lakhI ApavAmAM AvatuM. salATa sArA akSare lakhI zake tema hoya, to keTalIka vAra e pite zAhIthI lakhI leto. pachIthI e zAhIthI lakhelA pramANe akSaro kotara. hAla takatImAM katarelA akSaromAM sIsuM bharavAmAM Ave che, jethI sapheda takatImAM kALA akSaro tarata ja alaga tarI Ave che. zilAlekhane aMte kyAreka e lekha kotaranAra salATanuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke azokanA brahmagiri gauNa zailalekhamAM lipikara paDanuM. 3 Abu-delavADAnA vi.saM. 1287nA zilAlekhamAM sUtra. caMDezvaranuM, 22 giranAranA vi.saM. 1288nA zilAlekhamAM sUtradhAra kumArasiMhanuM 23 ane DabhoIna vi. saM. 1311nA zilAlekhamAM sUtradhAra padmasiMhanuM.24 ketaravA mATe sAmAnyataH rIrtha (bhUtakRdaMta-kotareluM) zabda prayojAto. tAmrapatromAM lekha kotaranAra kaMsArAnuM nAma kavacit ApavAmAM AvatuM ne te paNa pachAnA kAlamAM. emAM dhAtukAranA judA judA varganA kArIgarone ullekha Ave che, jema ke kayAra ke DhohavAra (luhAra), vAMhyavAra (kaMsAra) ke tAra, phremavAra ke suvarNavAra (senI), pitAra vagere.25 kyAreka zilpI ke vijJAnika ke sUtradhAra jevA anya zabda paNa prayojAyA che.26 lekhanapaddhati : abhilekhana mATe enA padArtha para je lakhANa lakhI ApavAmAM AvatuM te lekhananI sAmAnya paddhati pramANe lakhAtuM. akSare uparathI nIce lakhAtA. zabdo ke pado vacce agAu jagA rAkhavAmAM AvatI nahi; gadya ke padya lakhANanA akSara saLaMga lITImAM lakhavAmAM AvatA. lITI sAmAnya rIte ADI lakhavAmAM AvatI, kyAreka jagAnI saMkaDAzane laIne UbhI lakhavI paDatI. brAhmI ane emAMthI udbhavelI sarva lipiomAM lITI DAbI bAjuthI jamaNI bAju tarapha lakhAya che, jyAre kharoSThI, arabI, phArasI ane urdU lipimAM lITI jamaNI bAjuthI DAbI bAju tarapha lakhAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #160
abhilekhananI paddhati 139 akSarAnAM cihnomAM zirArekhA vikasavA lAgI tyArathI pa MktinA sa akSara sIdhI lITImAM lakhAtA AvyA che. keTalIka svaramAtrAo ke enA amuka bhAga tathA rephanuM cihna zizarekhAnI upara ane keTalIka svaramAtrAe akSaranI nIce lakhAya che. saMyukatAkSarA agAu upara-nIce lakhAtA, paraMtu samaya jatAM e bAju-bAjumAM lakhAvA lAgyA. lITIo uparathI nIce lakhAya che. zleAkanI paMkti caraNa, leAkA ke zlAka pramANe lakhAtI nahi; zlokAnA akSara paNa padArtha paranI pUrepUrI paktimAM saLaMga lakhAtA. sAmAnya rIte zlAkanA aMte eka ke be daMDa( UbhI rekhA )nu virAmacihna lakhAtu ne prAyaH te te zlAkane kramAMka paNa lakhAto. zleAkAdhanA a Mte virAmacihna keTalIka vAra mukAtuM tA e dAMDarUpe lakhAtuM. vizeSanAmeAnA lAMbA dRnda samAseAmAM pRthA darzAvavA mATe nAnI ADI rekhAne upayoga thatA. gadyanA a Mte tathA lekhanA a Mte ! ke 5 ke 5- jevAM virAmacihna prayAAtAM. kayAreka zabdonA saMkSiptarUpa tarIke enA Adya akSara ja lakhAtA, paraMtu enA pachI hAlanI jema kAI virAmacihna lakhAtuM nahi. kAI maMgalacihna vividha AkAre lakhAtAM ne keTalAMka baMdha ke suzAbhane paNa yeAjAtAM. lakhANanI nakala karatAM thayelI kSatie mATe umerA, dhaTADA ane sudhArA darzAvavA anekavidha upAya yeAAtA. patranA kramAMka dareka patranI pAchalI( ke AgalI) bAjU para hAMsiyAmAM lakhAtA. abhilekhana-paddhati : abhilekha mATe taiyAra karelA lakhANane zilA tAmrapatra vagere para kAtaravAmAM Ave tyAre sAmAnya rIte enI likhita nakala pramANe enA upara zAhIthI lakhIne akSarA AMkaDAo tathA cihno kAtaravAmAM AvatAM. akSarA tathA paMktie hastalikhita lakhANeAnI jema kAtarAtAM.27 zabda-zabda vacce prAcIna abhilekhAmAM bhAgye ja jagA rAkhavAmAM AvatI. virAmacihno paNa hAlanA karatAM ghaNAM echAM prayeAjAtAM.27a ane panI pahelAM dhaNIvAra visaga ne badale jidvavAmUlIya ane uSmAnIyanAM cihna prayAjAtAM. halata byaMjana vividha rIte darzAvAtA.27 avagrahanuM cihna prAcIna lekhAmAM bhAgye ja lakhAtuM. zabdonA saMkSeparUpa tarIke enA Adya akSara vaparAtA. dAnazAsanemAM rAjacihnanI AkRti tAmrapatra para aMkita karavAmAM AvatI28 bhA. a. 9 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #161
"130 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA athavA tAmrapatronI eka kaDInA sAMdhA para rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvavAmAM AvatI.29 rAjamudrAmAM prAyaH rAjAnA nAmano tathA rAjacihnane samAveza thato. maMgalazabdo ane maMgalacihno : ghaNA abhilekhone AraMbha siddha, za, svasti, zrI ItyAdi maMgala zabdothI athavA e artha darzAvatAM maMgalacihnothI thato. dA. ta., sAtavAhananA tathA nahapAnanA guphAle, IttvAkuonA tUpalekho tathA vAkATakonAM dAnazAsanane AraMbha prAyaH siddhathI thato hoya che. kaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDha zailalekhane AraMbha paNa e zabdathI thAya che.30 ahIM siddha no artha siddhiAtu (siddhi he) che. 3 1 vAkATakanAM keTalAMka dAnazAsanamAM maMgalazabdanI pahelAM zabda Ave che, tyAM eno artha (adhikArIoe)joyuM arthAta tapAsyuM ke maMjUra karyuM evo che.32 valabhInA mitrakonAM dAnazAsanonA AraMbhamAM svati zabda apAto. harSanAM, vAkATakonAM, zaikUTakanAM, kaTacurionAM, pallavonAM ane gaMganAM dAnazAsanano AraMbha paNa e rIte thatA.32mAM eno artha svAtu (kalyANa ho) thAya che. kyAreka nAguhya - jaya ane abhyadaya(hA) evo zabdaprayoga paNa thato. A keTalAka abhilekhamAM nirta mAvatA, na mAgavate vAyuvevAya, zrI gaNezAya rA, namaH zivAya ityAdi maMgalavAkyathI AraMbha thAya che, je te te ISTadevane namaskAra vyakata kare che. evI rIte jaina lekhomAM no arahaMtA ane namo savasiddhAnaM jevAM vAkya prayojAya che, jema ke khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekhamAM 33 ne bauddha lekhomAM no mAvato yuddha jevAM maMgalavAkya vaparAtAM, jemake nAgArjunakoMDAnA keTalAka lekhomAM.34 maMdiranA nirmANane lagatA abhilekhamAM ghaNI vAra AraMbhamAM te te devanI stutinA eka ke ekathI vadhu leka ApavAmAM AvatA. dA. ta., dazapuranA sUryamaMdirane lagatA maMdira zilAlekha(I. sa. 436 ane 473)mAM lekhanA AraMbhamAM sUryanI stutinA traNa loka ApelA che.35 viSNu-maMdirane lagatA eraNa zilAtaMbha lekhana AraMbha viSNunI stutinA kalekathI thAya che. 36 seminAtha maMdirane lagatA apUrNa verAvaLa lekhanA AraMbhamAM pahelA be zloka zivanI ane trIjo zloka sarasvatInI stutine che.37 AbundelavADAnA neminAtha maMdirane lagatA zilAlekhanA AraMbhamAM pahelA lokamAM sarasvatIne vaMdana karIne bIjA lekamAM neminAthanI AziSa vAMchI che.38 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #162
abhilekhananI paddhati 131 ghaNuM prAcIna abhilekhamAM maMgalazabdone badale maMgalacihna prajAtAM. prAcIna abhilekhamAM (dA. ta., valabhInA maitrakanAM dAnazAsanamAM) prajAyelA dakSiNAvarta ke vAmAvarta gUMcaLA jevA maMgalacihnane sAmAnya rIte siddha tarIke ke tarIke ghaTAvavAmAM Ave che.38 paraMtu e agAu jaNAvyA mujaba maMgalakArI zaMkhanuM cihna hovuM saMbhave che. 40 enA vAmAvarta svarUpamAMthI samaya jatAM 8 jevuM svarUpa ghaDAyuM ne enI pachI zunyanuM cihna umerAyuM, ene "bhale mIDa' kahe che. pachI enI pahelAM tema ja pachI meM virAmamiha. mukAtuM.41 A maMgala cihnane "ma' kahevAmAM Ave che. A zabda cheka 13mI sadInI vyazikSAmAM prayojAye che; ne tyAM enI samajUtI siddhi devInA saMketacihna tarIke ApavAmAM AvI che.42 AthI e maMgalacihna mULa zaMkhAkRtimAMthI vikaseluM hoya, te paNa vyavahAramAM siddhinuM dyotaka gaNAtuM e spaSTa che. uM ke jevuM cihna hAla koI saMketacihna jevuM dekhAya che paraMtu kharI rIte e akSara ja che. agAu jyAre mo mATe svataMtra cihna pracalita hatuM tyAre tenuM svarUpa 3 jevuM hatuM; AgaLa jatAM 3 ne maroDa enA jevo thai tyAre e be vacce bheda darzAvavA mATe so nA arthamAM vaparAtA cihnamAM jamaNI bAjue Toce cApAkAra aMza umerAya ne gujarAtI lipimAM e aMza vacce jeDA ne ene jamaNe cheDo pUrNa vRttAkAra banyuM. "" e brahmanA saMketAkSara tarIke cheka bhagavadgItAmAM prayojAyo che.43 pachInA kAlamAM emAMne ya viSNune, 3 mahezvarane ane meM brahmAne ghAtaka gaNAya che abhilekhomAM svastika, trirana, caitya, bodhivRkSa, dharmacakra, padya, zrIvatsa, nandi, trizala, matsya, sUryabiMba, tArA ItyAdi bIjA aneka maMgalacihna. prajAtAM. azokanA giranAra lekhanI nIce bhagavAna buddhanA pratIka tarIke hastInuM cihna katareluM che. azokanA jaigaDA lekhamAM svastikanuM tathA vRSabhanuM cihna kotareluM che. khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekhamAM svastika, zrIvatsa tathA bodhivRkSanAM cihnono samAveza thAya che. zAzvata upabhoga ke kIti sUcavavA mATe sUryabiMba tathA caMdra-rekhAnAM cihna pracalita hatAM. pALiyAomAM A baMne cihna khAsa jovAmAM Ave che. tyAM e cidane prastuta vIranI kIti cAvata caMdrarivAro rahe evI bhAvanA sUcave che. satInA pALiyAmAM ghaNI vAra saubhAgyavatI nArIne hAtha darzAvavAmAM Ave che. rAjamuddAnI jagyAe keTalIka vAra Ayudha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #163
132 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA samUha ke rAjamukuTanuM cihna prajAtuM.44 svastikanuM cihna samAjamAM adyaparyata lokapriya rahyuM che. abhilekhane aMte zrI ke 34 ke zrIratu ke siddhiratu ke guma mavatu jevAM AziSa darzAvatAM pada prajAtAM. keTalIka vAra lekhane aMte che ke che jevo akSara jovAmAM Ave che, te mULamAM cha rUpe lekhanI samApti sUcavatuM cihna che.45 vIragati pAmelA ddhAne lagatA pALiyAmAM moTe bhAge ghoDesavAra ddhAnI AkRti kaMDArI hoya che. maMdiramAM keTalIka vAra aMjali joDI UbhelA bhakta parIke nirmAtAnI AkRti kotarelI hoya che. keTalAka abhilekhonI nIce gadheDA ane bhUMDaNanuM mithuna-dazya jovAmAM Ave che. e evuM sUcave che ke je A lekhamAM kahelI bAbatane je bhaMga karaze tene pitA gadheDe thaze ne tenI mAtA bhUMDaNa thaze. keTalIka vAra ene badale mAnavastrI ane gadheDAnA mithunanuM dazya katareluM hoya che, e evuM darzAve che ke lekhamAM lakhelI vAtane bhaMga karanAranI mAtA gadheDAnA atyAcArano bhoga banaze46 A zApAtmaka AkRtine "gadheDAnI gALa" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. suzobhana : keTalAka prAcIna abhilekhomAM sarva ke keTalAka akSaranA maroDane47 ke enI svaramAtrAonA upalA bhAgane 8 ghaNuM suzobhanAtmaka svarUpa ApavAmAM AvatuM. keTalAka madhyakAlIna abhilekhamAM padmabaMdha ane sarpagaMdha jevA baMdhanI racanA thAya tevI rIte akSaronI kRtrima goThavaNI karavAmAM Ave che.48 arabI-phArasI abhilekhomAM sulekhananI vividha zailIo vikasI hatI. emAMnI tugrA zailImAM to akSaronA maroDa tathA saMyojana dvArA pazupaMkhIonI AkRtio upajAvavAmAM AvatI.50 saMkSipta rUpe : prAcInakALathI keTalAka pUrA zabdone badale eno ekAda Adya akSara lakhIne enuM saMkSipta rUpa prayojavAnuM pracalita thayuM hatuM. AvAM rUpa samayanirdezane lagatA pracalita zabdomAM khAsa prajAtAM, jema ke saMvatsara mATe saM saM ke saMvata , igna mATe strI, varSA mATe uM, mane mATe Tu, zudra (guru) mATe zuM, vaMdu (SUL) mATe ve, pakSa mATe 5, divasa mATe For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #164
abhilekhananI paddhati 133 vi ane driya mATe hUi.51 A saMkSipta rUpone aMte agAu saMkSepasUcaka biMdu lakhAtuM nahi. madhyakAlamAM ene aMte daMDa ke vartelanuM cihna prajAtuM.para A rUpe paikI saMvata., gu. phi. ane 2. phi. pUrA zabdo jevA banI gayA che, ne saMvata", "suda " ane "vada" pUrA zabdo tarIke vaparAya che. adhikAra-darzaka zabdomAM tUta mATe dU, marAkSAsava mATe mahAla, zrIsta(rAjA)ke zrIcaraNa (rAjA) mATe zrI ane mahAsavida mATe mahAsA jevAM saMkSipta rUpa prayojAyAM che.pa3 anya zabdomAM javA mATe , mATe , Trama mATe , nirakSita mATe ni, vura mATe Ta, paMDita mATe , sAMvatsari mATe sAM, divaSya mATe hiM, vAstupUmi mATe vAma , droNa ke DhoLavA mATe dro, kAna mATe 3 ityAdi noMdhapAtra che."* sudhArAvadhArA : hastalikhita lakhANanI jema abhilekhamAM paNa kyAreka kaMIka bevaDAI jatuM, rahI jatuM ke khoTuM kotarAI jatuM ne te azuddhi dhyAnamAM AvatAM temAM jarUrI sudhArA vadhArA karI levAmAM AvatA. bhUlathI kotarAyelA akSarane cekaDInAM cihno vaDe TocI nAkhavAmAM AvatA ne enI jagyAe kotaravAnA akSarone paMktinI upara umeravAmAM AvatA. keTalAka uttarakAlIna abhilekhomAM bhUlovALI paMktinI upara ke nIce nAnI rekhAo umerAtI. tAmrapatro para kotarAyelA azuddha akSarane hathoDI vaDe TocI nAkhIne enI upara navesara zuddha akSara kotaravAmAM AvatA. kyAreka mULa azuddha akSarone TocI nAkhyA vinA enI upara zuddha akSara kotaratA. koI jUnA ke khoTA tAmrapatrane rada karavAnuM thAya tyAre e patarAne ogALI navesara ghaDavAmAM AvatuM athavA enA paranA tamAma lakhANane TocI nAkhavAmAM AvatuM. pachI AvA navA ke jUnA patarA para navuM lakhANa kotaravAmAM AvatuM.55 kyAreka eka akSara rahI gayo hoya, to tene AjubAjunA be akSaronI vaccenI jagAmAM umeravAmAM Avato ne sthaLasaMkoca pramANe tenuM kada ghaTADavAmAM AvatuM. uttarakAlIna abhiSekhomAM jyAM umeraNa karavAnuM hoya te sthAna kApAda (A) ke huM saMpAdanA cihnathI darzAvavAmAM AvatuM. kayAreka ene badale svastikanuM cihna (H) prayojAtuM.56 patrAMka : sAmAnya rIte hastalikhita graMthanA patranI jema zilAlekhamAM kramAMka ApavAnI jarUra paDatI nathI. paraMtu jyAre keI rAjazAsana bethI vadhu For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #165
134 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA patarAM para kotaravAmAM Ave, tyAre e patarAM para kramAMka kotaravAnI jarUra paDe che. AthI keTalIka vAra tyAre hastalikhita graMthane patranI jema tAmrapatramAM paNa eka ja bAju para kramAMka darzAvavAmAM Ave che. uttara bhAratamAM A kramAMka patranI pAchalI bAju para darzAvAto ne dakSiNa bhAratamAM AgalI bAju para. kavacit arvAcIna graMthanA pRSThanI jema baMne bAju paNa kramAMka darzAvAto. paNa mudrAMka : rAjazAsananAM tAmrapatrone joDatI eka kaDInA sAMdhA upara rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvavAmAM AvatI, jethI e patarAMnuM saMyojana akabaMdha rahe. prAcIna rAjamudrAnI chApamAM sAmAnya rIte upalA bhAgamAM e rAjavaMzanA lAMchana( pratIka)nI AkRti ane nIcalA bhAgamAM e rAjAnuM nAma aMkita thatuM. gupta sAmrATonuM lAMchana garuDa, valabhInA maitrakanuM naMdI, vAkATakonuM sUryacaMdra, cAlukyonuM varAha, rASTrakUTo paramAra yAdava ane zilAhAranuM garuDa, kaMdabonuM siMha, radonuM hAthI ke vAgha, pAnuM vAgha, kalacurionuM gajalakSmI ane saidhavonuM matsya hatuM.58 pAdaTIpa 1. A zabda keTalIka vAra lahiyAnA arthamAM paNa prajAto. 2. R. B. Pandey, IP, p. 89 3. Bihler, IP, p. 150 4. Pandey, IP, p. 90. pAMDeya to "divira ne "dipikara' parathI ghaTAve che. 5. ha. ga. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta," pR. 514 $. Pandey, IP, p, 90 6. Buhler, IP, p. 151 8, Pandey, IP, p. 92; IE, p. 84 C. Pandey, IP, pp. 90 ff. 10. S. I., pp. 254 fr. 11, gu. e. le., naM. 147, 167 ane 215. keTalIka prazastiomAM te racanAra kavinuM nAma ApeluM che, paNa hAla vaMcAtuM nathI, jema ke gu. a.le., naM. 155, 163. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #166
abhilekhananI paddhati 135 12. s. I, pp. 288 f; gu. ai. le, naM. 218-219 13, S.., pp. 169 ff.; 196 ff.; 206 fF.; 299 ff. 14. keTalAMka dAnazAsanamAM mAtra sIdhIsAdI vaMzAvaLI ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke solaMkI rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM (gu. A le, naM. 141, 142, 143 ba, 144 I, 158, 160, 162, 165, 166, 170, 186, 201, 202, ane 206). 15. dA.ta., dhoLakAnI vAvano saM. 1466no lekha (svAdhyAya, pR. 1, pR. 84-87) tathA aDAlajanI vAvane saM. 155pano lekha (bu. pra. pu. 102, pR.. 19-23) 16. dA. ta., dhoLakAnA aMbAjI maMdirane saM. 1857ne zilAlekha(J. G. R. S., Vol. XXV, p. 311) 90. Buhler, IP, p. 151; Pandey, IP, p. 93; Sircar, IE, pp. 85 f. 18. IE, p. 85 26. Buhler, IP, p. 151 20, nATayaprayoganA saMcAlaka mATe "sUtradhAra" zabda kaThapUtaLInA khelamAM AvatA dorIsaMcAra parathI pracalita thayo che. 22. Pandey, IP, p. 89, n. 1 22, gu. e. le, bhA. 2, naM. 167 23. gu. a. le, bhA. 7, naM. 207, 211, 212 24, ejana, naM. 215 25-26, Bihler, IP, p. 152; Pandey, IP, pp. 93 f. 27. keTalAka kRSANa ane gupta sikakAomAM jagAnA abhAve zabda UbhI paMkitamAM kotarelA che. azokanA ceraguDI gauNa zilAlekhamAM paMktio ekAMtare DAbIthI jamaNI ane jamaNAthI DAbI bAju katarAI che. vAta pradezanA eka kharoSThI lekhamAM paMktio nIcethI upara vAMcavAnI che(Pandey, IP, pp. 97 ff.). A badhA apavAda che. 27 a. vigata mATe juo Pandey, IP, pp. 105 ff. 27 A, juo upara pR. 68, 70. 28. dA.ta., pazcima saurASTranA saidhava rAjyanAM dAnazAsanamAM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #167
136 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 29. dA.ta., valabhInA maitrakonAM, nAMdIpurI-bharukacchanA gujaranAM ane rASTra phUTanAM tAmrapatramAM. 37, S.J., p. 300 31. S.J., p. 409 32. Pandey, IP, p. 146; S.I., pp. 409, 419 32 34. Padey, IP, p. 147 32 A Ibid., p. 148 33, S.J., p. 206 34. S.I., pp. 227, 229 35. S.I., pp. 289 f. 36. S.I., p. 326 37, gu. e. le,, naM. 204 38 ejana, naM. 167 39. I.E., p. 93 40. juo upara pR. 70. 41, puNyavijayajI, uparyukta, pR. 58-59 42. vinayacandrasUri, kAvyazikSA, pR. 1, "lo. 3 43, mATUkAtA, . 17, *o. 23-24 44. I.E., p. 90 45, I.E., p. 94 46. I.E., p. 89. 47, dA.ta. baMsakheDA mudrAmAM rAjAdhirAja harSanA daskata; ane makAsTi, vipatra 12. 48. dA.ta., juo mAprAjhi, ripatra 10, 20, 21. 49. I.E., p. 88. 50, juo agAu prakaraNa 6. 42. Pandey, IP, p. 110; I.E., p. 327 para, I.E, p. 329 53-54, I.E., pp. 328 f; gu. a. le, naM. 145 55-56. Pandey, IP, pp. 108 f.; I.E., pp. 90 f. pa7, Pandey, IP, p. 108; I.E, pp. 91 f. 46. Pandey, IP, pp. 113 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #168
10. abhilekhAnA viSaya sAmAnya rIte je lakhANa sArvajanika ke cirakAlIna mahattva dharAvatuM hoya, tenuM abhilekhana karavAmAM Ave che. A prakAranAM lakhANa vividha viSayAne lagatAM heAya che. prAcIna prakAra dhama zAstramAM khatAnA be mukhya prakAra pADavAmAM AvyA cheH (1) rAjakIya ane (ra) laukika ke jAnapada. rAjakIya khAnA sAmAnyataH cAra prakAra pADavAmAM AvelA che : (1) zAsana, (ra) jayapatra, (3) AjJApatra ane (4) prajJApanapatra 1 " bhUminuM dAna karIne rAjA AgAmI rAjAonI mAhitI mATe paTa ke tAmrapatra para je lakhANa karAvI Aye, tene ' zAsana' kahetA. kAnUnI muddA jAte joI ne tema ja nyAyAdhIza pAsethI jANIne rAjA jAhera mAhitI mATe je kAnUnI niNaeNya lakhAve, tene ' jayapatra ' kahetA. sAmata athavA rAjyapAla jevA sevAne rAjA je kA pharamAve tene lagatA lakhANane 'AjJApatra ' kahetA. Rtvija, purohita, AcAya Adi mAnya tathA AdaraNIya janene je kAya nivedita karavAmAM Ave, tenA lakhANane prajJApanapatra' kahetA.2 ' vaLI jyAre rAjA sevA zauya vagerethI prasanna thaI kAI ne deza grAma Adi lakhI Ape, te tene ' prasAdalekha' kahetA.3 jyAre koI sAmAnya janA vacce kaI Arthika ke vyAvahArika kAmakAjane lagatA karAra thAya tyAre tenuM je khata karavAmAM AvatuM, temAM lAgatAvaLagatA jatAnI sahI uparAMta sAkSIonAM nAma jANAvavAmAM AvatAM tema ja samayanirdezamAM e samayanA rAjAnuM nAma, varSa mAsa divasa vagere nAMdhavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #169
138 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA AvatuM. AthI jAnapada khato aitihAsika daSTie upayogitA dharAve che. Arthika ane sAmAjika dRSTie to enI ghaNI vigata upayogI hoya che ja. | gujarAtamAM paMdaramI sadImAM "lekhapaddhati" nAme eka saMgrahagraMtha lakhAyo che, jemAM aneka prakAranA rAjakIya tathA jAnapada khatonA namUnA ApavAmAM AvyA che. emAMnA ghaNA namUnAomAM saM 1288(I. sa. 1231-32)nI mitio ApavAmAM AvI che, jyAre thoDA namUnAomAM saM. 802(I. sa. 745-46 )nI tathA saM. 1533(I. sa. 1476-77)nI mitio ApelI che. emAM bhUmidAnane lagatA rAjazAsanane "zAsanapatra" ke "tAmrazAsana" kahyuM che." nyAyanA cukAdAne lagatA khatane emAM "nyAyavAda" nAma ApyuM che. 6 rAjAnA Adezane lagatA lakhANane "rAjAdeza" tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. mahAmAtya taraphathI rAjAne thatA vijJApananA lakhANane "rAjavijJaptikA' kahetA. evI rIte guru, pitA ane mAtAne lagatI vijJaptikAnA paNa namUnA ApyA che. "prasAdalekha" ne mATe A graMthamAM "bhUjaMpattalA (bhUja paTTa) zabda prayojAye che. 10 dANu, mahesUla, ThaMDI, vecANa, gIro, vyAja, dAsI, saMdhi vagere bIjA aneka prakAranAM khatonA namunA ApavAmAM AvyA che. paraMtu abhilekho mATenA viSayanuM koI alaga vagIkaraNa ke saMkalana dharmazAstramAM ke anya prAcIna sAhityamAM karavAmAM AvyuM nathI. bhAratIya lekhonA abhilekhanA abhyAsa parathI emAM mukhya viSaye nIce pramANe hovAnuM mAlUma paDe cheH (1) vANijyika mudrAo-A-etihAsika kAlanI siMdhu saMskRti, khAsa karIne haDappIya sabhyatA dharAvatAM khaMDeronA avazeSomAM je saMkhyAbaMdha mudrAo (AkRti 1) tathA keTalAMka mudrAMka (AkRti 2 ) maLyAM che, tenAM lakhANa hajI barAbara UkalyAM nathI. chatAM emAMnAM ghaNuM lakhANa AyAta-nikAsa karavAnI cIjonI gAMsaDIo para lagAvavAnI mudrAnI chApa mATenAM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 11 AthI A abhilekha vANijyika prakAranA gaNAya. (2) maMtrataMtrane lagatA abhilekho-haDappIya sabhyatAnI keTalIka mudrikAo paheravAnAM tAvIja tarIke vaparAtI haze evuM mAlUma paDe che. 12 aitihAsika kAlanA tAMtrika saMketa dharAvatA akSaravALAM yaMtra(jatara) paNa A prakAranA abhilekha gaNAya.13 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #170
abhilekhAnA viSaya 139: (3) dhArmika anuzAsanA--mauya samrATa azokanA abhilekhA paikInA ghaNA abhilekheA, khAsa karIne mukhya zailalekhA tathA mukhya sta bhalekhA, 14 dhamane lagatAM anuzAsaneA( upadeza )rUpe lakhAyA che. (4) rAjazAsanA--azokanA keTalAka abhilekha adhikArIone. uddezIne karAyelAM rAjazAsanerUpe lakhAyA che, jemake kaliMganA alaga zailalekhA, alAhAbAda-kAsama ratabha paranA rANIne lagatA lekha tema ja saMdhane lagatA lekha. 15 (5) smAraka abhilekhA--azAke nepAlanI tarAImAM e bauddha tItha sthAnAe yAtrA karI tyAM enI yAdagIrImAM zilAstaMbharApAvyA ne enA para lekha keAtarAvyA.16 A lekhA smAraka abhilekhA gaNAya. aMdhau(ji. kaccha )mAMthI maLelA zaka varSa para( I.sa. 130 )nA yaSTilekhA paNa kAI ne kAI saMbaMdhInI smRti arthe STi UbhI karAvyAnu jaNAve che. 17 gupta samrATa bhAnuguptanA samayane gu. sa. 191(I. sa. pa10)ne eraNa staMbhalekha18 yuddhamAM vIragati pAmelA geAparAjanI tathA enI pAchaLa satI thayelI enI patnInI yAdagIrI mATe lakhAyA che. dakhkhaNamAM zilAhArA, yAdaveA, anukAlIna cAlukayo vagerenA AvA aneka smAraka lekha maLyA che.19 emAM sAmAnya rIte lekhanI miti, vIranI vaMzAvaLI prazasti ane siddhi, e samaye rAjya karatA rAjAnuM nAma ityAdi vigata ApavAmAM Ave che. kaccha ane saurASTramAM ThekaThekANe jUnA pALiyA jovAmAM Ave che, khAsa karIne gAmanA pAdaramAM AvelA taLAvane kAMThe. vIragati pAmelA yAddAnI yAdagIrInA pALiyAmAM sAmAnya rIte upalA bhAgamAM DhAla ane talavAra ke bhAleA dhAraNa karatA gheADesavAranI AkRti kAtarI heAya che, enI e bAjUe TAce amara nAma ke zAzvata kItinA pratIkarUpe sUrya ane caMdranI AkRti kAtarI hoya che te gheADesavAranI nIcenA bhAgamAM yudghanA prasaMga ane yAdvAnA mRtyune lagatI hakIkata ApI hoya che. satInA pALiyAmAM meTe bhAge satInA pratIkarUpe saubhAgyavatI strInA hAtha kATakhUNe batAvyeA heAya che. jo strI patinuM zaba laI satI thaI hAya teA hAthamAM ApuM zaba rAkhIne UbhelI satInI AkRti rajU karI hAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #171
140 bhAratIya abhilekhavighA kaI viziSTa parAkrama ke digvijayanI yAdagIrImAM kyAreka abhilekha lakhAvavAmAM AvatuM. dA. ta., samudraguptane alAhAbAda staMbhalekha,20 jemAM e pratApI gupta samrATanA vividha vijayanuM nirUpaNa karIne enI vizALa kItinI smRti mATe e staMbha Ubho karAvyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. yazodharmAne maMdasara zilAtaMbhalekha paNa A prakArano che. arvAcIna kAlamAM zahIdanAM smAraka para te te zahIdIne lagatA smArakalekha kotaravAmAM Ave che. sArvajanika saMsthAonAM makAnonA khAtamuhUrtazilAropaNa ke uddaghATanane lagatA lekhanI takatI mukAvavAmAM Ave che ne koI vikhyAta vyaktinA janma, mRtyu ke anya koI viziSTa banAvanA sthAne paNa te te ghaTanAne lagato lekha kotaravAmAM Ave che. A ane AvA abhilekha smAraka-lekho gaNAya. bAvalAM nIce kotarelAM lakhANa paNa A prakAranAM gaNAya. (6) dAnazAsane-bihAranA gayA jillAmAM AvelA barAbara nAme DuMgaranI amuka guphAomAM kotarAyelA maurya rAjA azokanA tathA dazarathanA traNa abhilekha te te guphA amuka amuka varSe AjIvikene dAnamAM dIdhI hovAnuM jaNAve che. dAnane lagatAM AvAM rAjazAsanane "dAnazAsana' kahe che. evI rIte orissAmAM udayagiri-khaMDagirimAM tathA dakhaNamAM nAsika, ajaMtA, kArlA vagere sthaLoe AvelI guphAomAM kSaharAta kSatrapa tathA sAtavAhana vaMzanA rAjAonAM dAnazAsana kotarelAM che, jemAM bhikSuoe rahevAnI nAnImoTI oraDIo, caityagRha, maMDapa, bhojanazALAo, upasthAna-zAlAo, TAMkAM, stUpa, Asana, vedikAo vagerenA dAnanI hakIkata noMdhI hoya che.21 keTalIka vAra koI dhArmika saMsthAne kaMI kAyamI anudAna devAmAM AvatuM, jema ke kuSANa rAjA haviSkanA samayamAM (zaka)varSa 28(I. sa. 106)mAM prAcInaka nAme vyaktie puNyazAlA(dharmazAlA) akSayanIvI(kAyamI anudAna) tarIke dAnamAM dIdhI, 550 purANu(sikkA) eka zreNImAM ane 550 purANu bIjI zreNImAM thApaNa rUpe ApIne enA vyAjamAMthI dara mahine brahmabhojana karAvavAno tathA bhUkhyA ane tarasyA janone pratidina khAvAnuM ane pIvAnuM ApavAne prabaMdha karyo.22 laharAta rAjA kSatrapa nahapAnanA jamAI uSavadAte nAsikamAM guphAdAna karIne 3,000 kArdApaNanA akSayanIvInuM tema ja 4,000 kASaNanI kiMmate For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #172
abhilekhanA viSaya 141. kharIdelA kSetra(khetara)nuM dAna dIdhuM.23 AmAMnA bIjA guphAlekhamAM uSavadAtanAM. agAunAM vividha dAna gaNAvyAM che, jema ke traNa lAkha gAye, suvarNa, soLa gAme, ATha bhAryAo(kanyAo), dharmazAlAo, bagIcA, taLAvo, paraba vagere. sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakaNie nAsikamAM trirazmi(yaMbakInA. bhikSuone amuka kSetranuM dAna dIdhuM. 24 evI rIte vAsiSThIputra pulumAyinA rAyakAlamAM mahArAja-pitAmahI gautamI balazrIe nAsika pAse amuka guphA dAnamAM dIdhI.25 kaliMgAdhipati khAravelane hAthIguphA lekhaka paNa AvA prakArano che. dhArmika hetuthI karAyelA dAnane "dharmadAya" kahetA. dharmazAstramAM dAnane ghaNo mahimA gAya che. amuka dravyonAM dAna "mahAdAna" gaNAtAM; emAM ya amuka "atidAna gaNatAM dhenu, bhUmi ane vidyAnAM. A sarvemAM bhUmidAnane sarvottama gaNavAmAM AvatuM.27 bhUmidAnathI dAna lenArane kAyamI UpajanuM akSaya sAdhana prApta thatuM, je ene jIvanaparyaMta upayogI nIvaDatuM. AthI bhUmidAnanI sAthe haMmezAM ene lagatuM rAjazAsana lakhAvI ApavAmAM AvatuM. e ene hakanAmAnA purAvA tarIke kAma lAgatuM. vaLI bhUmidAno lAbha dAna lenAranA putrapautrAdikane paNa vArasAgata raheto ne ethI enA para haka peDhIo ne peDhIo lagI cAlu rahetA. AthI dAnazAsananI prata dAna lenAranA kuTuMbe kAyama mATe sAcavIne jALavI rAkhavI paDatI. A kAraNe dAnazAsana tAMbAnAM patarAM para kotarAvIne ApavAmAM AvatuM. ene "tAmrapatra" ke "tAmrazAsana" kahetA. tAmranI pasaMdagI enA TakAupaNAne kAraNe karavAmAM AvatI. tAmrapatro para kotarelAM doDheka hajAra varSa jeTalAM lAMbA kAlanAM aneka dAnazAsana mejUda rahelAM maLe che e hakIkata che. tAmrapatro jamIna paranA hakanAmA tarIke kAyamI agatya dharAvatAM hoI ene gharanI dIvAlamAM, pAyAmAM ke jamInanI aMdara gupta rIte sAcavI rAkhavAmAM AvatAM. keTalIka vAra aneka tAmrazAsanone sAmaTAM rAkhavAmAM AvatAM. AthI kayAreka ekI sAthe aneka tAmrazAsana maLI Ave che, jemake kaDI(ji. mahesANA)mAMthI solaMkI vaMzanAM agiyAra tAmrazAsana maLelAM.28 kaI vAra tAmrazAsanone vAsaNamAM mUkI jamInamAM dATavAmAM AvatAM. 29 keTalIka vAra jamInamAM dATelAM tAmrapatra khetara kheDatI vakhate haLanI aNI vATe acAnaka maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #173
"142 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA tAmrapatro para kotarelAM TUMkAM dAnazAsananA sahuthI junA namUnA uttara bhAratamAM pahelI sadInA maLyA che, jyAre vigatavAra tAmrazAsananA sahuthI prAcIna namUnA dakSiNa bhAratamAM cothI sadInA ane uttara bhAratamAM pAMcamI sadInA maLyA che. pahelI sadInAM tAmrazAsana zaka-palava kAlanAM che.30 cothI sadInAM tAmrapatra palava, vAkATaka ane zAlaMkAyana vaMzanAM che. gujarAtamAM maLeluM sahuthI prAcIna tAmrapatra cothI sadInuM che. gupta vaMzanAM dAnazAsanamAM samudraguptanA nAmanAM be dAnazAsana maLyAM che, paraMtu e banAvaTI mAlUma paDyAM che. 3 bhUtapUrva rAjAnA nAme koI vAra ekabe sadI bAda banAvaTI dAnazAsana lakhI tAmrapatra para kotarAvavAmAM AvatAM, paraMtu anukaraNa karavAmAM kaMI ne kaMI kSati rahetAM e banAvaTI hovAnuM pakaDAI jAya che. gupta rAjyanAM sahuthI prAcIna tAmrapatra kharI rIte kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayanAM, I. sa. 433-447 nAM, che.34 | gujarAtamAM valabhInA maitraka vaMzanA rAjAonAM ekasothI vadhu tAmrazAsana maLyAM che. gujare, cAlukya ane rASTrakUTonAM paNa ghaNAM tAmrazAsana prApta thayAM che. e rAjavaMzanA ItihAsanuM e mukhya sAdhana che. solaMkI vaMzanAM paNa aneka tAmrapatra maLyAM che.35 tAmrapatra AkAramAM laMbacorasa hoya che (AkRti 11). paraMtu e bhUja patrane maLatAM hoya, to tenI laMbAI lagabhaga 30 seM.mI. (12 iMca) thI 40 seM. mI.(16 iMca) jeTalI ane UMcAI lagabhaga 20 se. mI.(8 IMca)thI 30 seM. mI.(12 IMca) jeTalI hoya che, jyAre e tADapatrane maLatAM hoya to, enI " UMcAI lagabhaga 5 seM. mI.(2 iMca)thI 7.5 seM. mI.(3 iMca) jeTalI hoya che. arthAta tADapatranA kada pramANe kapAyelAM tAmrapatra vadhAre lAMbAM ane sAMkaDAM hoya che. je dAnazAsana eka ja tAmrapatra para kotarAyuM hoya, to enA DAbI bAjUnA ke TocanA hAMsiyAmAM rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvAtI. dAna denAra rAjAnI vigatamAM mAtra enA nAma ane biruda jaNAvavAmAM Ave to ja dAnazAsananuM lakhANa eka patarA para samAI zake teTaluM TUMkuM hoya. paraMtu sAmAnya rIte dAtAnI vigatamAM tene vaMza tathA pUrvajonI tema ja tenA pitAnA guNo tathA parAkramonI prazasti ApavAmAM AvatI. AthI bhUjapatranA kadanAM patarAM hoya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #174
abhilekhAnA viSaya 143 tA paNa eka dAnazAsana ke|taravA mATe be ke traNa patarAMnI jarUra paDatI, gujarAtanAM dAnazAsaneAmAM maitrakA, guja`rA, cAlukayA ane sAlakInAM dAnazAsana ambe patarAM para kotarAyAM che. emAM baMne patarAMnI aMdaranI bAju para lakhANa kAtaravAmAM AvatuM ne enI bahAranI bAjU kArI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. rASTrakUTanAM dAnazAsana sAmAnya rIte traNa-traNa patarAM para kotarAtAM. emAM pahelA ane chellA patarAnI bahAranI bAjU kerI rAkhavAmAM AvatI, jyAre vacalA patarAnI baMne bAju para lakhANa kAtarAtu N. tAmrapatranI bahAranI bAjUe arakSita rahetI hAvAthI ene kerI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. lakhANa kotarelI bAjUe ekabIjA sAthe ghasAya nahi e mATe patarAMnI kAra cAre bAju aMdara vALavAmAM AvatI ke ene TIpIne jADI banAvavAmAM AvatI. rAjavaMza lakhAtA jAya tema pUrvajonI saMkhyA vadhatI jAya ne teonI prazastinuM lakhANa vadhatuM rahe, chatAM ane tyAM sudhI patarAMnI saMkhyA eTalI ja rAkhavAmAM AvatI. AthI patarAnuM kada vadhAratA rahetA ne akSarAnuM kada ghaTADatA jatA. 36 yAdava rAjA rAmacaMdranuM paiThaNa tAmrapatra(I. sa. 1272 ) e traNa patarAMnu eka meADhuM tAmrazAsana che. enAM patarAM 5125 se. mI. ( 20 IMca ) x 305 se. mI.( 15 iMca )kadanAM che te enuM vajana 26.83 ki. grA.( 2,300 tAlA ) jeTalu che. emAM kula 118 paMkti kAtarelI che. e patarAM sAthe lagAvelI e kaDIonu vajana 5.33 ki. grA. jeTaluM che te vadhArAnuM. kaDIe sAthe patarAnuM vajana 32 ki. grA. thI vadhu thAya !37 pratIhAra, pAla, sena, gAhaDavAla ane Ahema jevA vaMzanAM dAnazAsana ekeka tAmrapatra para keAtarAtAM, temAM paNa lAMbI prazasti ApavAmAM AvatI hAvAthI enAM patarAMnI laMbAI lagabhaga 37.5 se. mI.(15 iMca)thI 75 se. mI. ( 30 iMca )ane UMcAI lagabhaga 343 se. mI.( 13.5 iMca )thI 43 se. mI. ( 17 iMca ) jeTalI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. emAM ghaNI vAra sittereka paMktie samAvAtI. AvA eka patarAnu vajana keTalIka vAra, kaDI sAthe, 18 ki. grA. jeTalu thatu !38 dakSiNa bhAratanA ghaNA rAjavaMzonAM dAnazAsana chasAta tAmrapatro para kAtarAtAM. emAM khaseA-traNaseA pati jeTaluM lAMkhuM lakhANa kotarAtuM. sahuthI meATAM tAmrazAsana ceALa vazanA rAjAonAM maLyAM che. rAjarAja 1lA(I. sa. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #175
144 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 985-1016)nuM eka tAmrazAsana 21 patarAM para kotarelI 443 paMkitaonuM che. rAjendra 1lA(I. sa. 1026-1043)nuM eka tAmrazAsana 816 paMktiomAM 31 patarAM para ketarAyuM che. enuM eka bIjuM tAmrazAsana 55 patarAM para 2500thI vadhu paMkitaomAM kotareluM che! emAM pahelAM 3 patarAMmAM rAjAnA pUrvajonI prazasti che, pachInAM 22 patarAMmAM dAna denAra rAjAnI prazasti ane dAnamAM ApelA gAmanI sImAo vagerenI vigata che, ne chellAM 30 patarAMmAM hajAreka pratigrahItAonAM nAma gotra sthAna vagerenI vigata che! kaDI vagaranAM patarAMnuM ya vajana 100 ki. grA. thI vadhu che 9 ! dAnazAsanamAM hastalikhita graMthanI jema paMkitao lAMbI bAjUne samAMtara lakhAtI. dAnazAsananAM patarAMne, enI ekeka lAMbI ke TUMkI bAjue meTe bhAge babbe kANAM ne kayAreka ekeka kANuM pADIne, emAM tAMbAnI kaDIo ghAlI, joDelAM rAkhavAmAM AvatAM, jethI bIjI bAjuethI ene kholIne vAMcI zakAya. emAMnI eka kaDInA sAMdhA para rAjamudrAnI chApa lagAvavAmAM AvatI. bIjI kaDI sAdI rAkhavAmAM AvatI. rAjamudrAnI chApa akabaMdha rahe tyAM sudhI eka dAnazAsananAM patarAM bIjA dAnazAsananAM patarAM sAthe ADAavaLAM karI zakAya nahi. bhUmidAnane lagatA rAjazAsanamAM amuka amuka jarUrI bAbato jaNAvavA mATe dharmazAstramAM paNa sUcanAo ApavAmAM AvI che.40 emAM dAna denAra arthAta "dAtA," dAna lenAra arthAta " pratigrahItA" ane dAnamAM ApavAnI vastu arthAta "deya " e traNa mukhya bAbata to hoya ja. A uparAMta miti, svahasta vagere bIjI aneka bAbata jaNAvavAnI jarUra paDatI. sAmAnya rIte dAnazAsanano AraMbha siddham (=fsaddhiratu), svasti + >> svati jevAM maMgala padothI thato. kayAreka viSNu, ziva, gaNapati vagere deva ke devonI stuti umerAtI. dAnane lagatuM rAjazAsana sAmAnyataH rAjadhAnImAMthI ane keTalIka vAra vijayachAvaNI ke yAtrAsthAna jevA koI anya sthaLathI pharamAvavAmAM AvatuM. dAnazAsanamAM A zAsana-sthAnane nirdeza karavAmAM Avato. kyAreka A sthAnane nirdeza lAMbA alaMkRta nirUpaNa sAthe karavAmAM Avato, jema ke, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #176
abhilekhanA viSaya 145 saurASTranA saidhava rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM rAjadhAnI sUtAmbilikAnI bAbatamAM 41 rAjakula ane vaMzAvaLInI vigata dAtAnA saMdarbhamAM jarUrI gaNAtI. emAM kyAreka rAjakulanI guNaprazasti ane/athavA enI Anuzrutika utpattinuM ya nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvatuM. vaMzAvaLI keTalIka vAra sAdI sIdhI rIte TUMkAmAM apAtI, 42 te keTalIka vAra dareka purogAmI rAjAnI prazasti ApavAmAM AvatI, A rivAjane laIne ghaNA rAjavaMzanI vaMzAvaLIo jANavA maLI che, dAna denAra rAjA tathA enA pUrvajonI prazasti ApavAmAM Ave che, to e parathI e rAjAo vize keTalIka mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. valabhInA maitraka rAjAonI prazasti ucca zailInA kAvyamaya gadyamAM ApavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu emAM emanAM koI cokkasa parAkramonI vigata bhAgye ja maLe che, jyAre rASTrakUTa rAjAonI padyamaya prazastimAM emanAM parAkramonI keTalIka vigata jANavA maLe che. gaMga vaMzanAM dAnazAsanamAM pUrvajonI prazasti so eka kono vistAra dharAvatI.43 emAMnA ghaNA loko to agAunAM dAnazAsanomAMthI akSarazaH utAravAmAM AvatA. maiitraka rAjAonAM dAnazAsanemAM paNa pUrvajonI prazastinI. akSarazaH punarukti karavAmAM AvatI. dAnazAsana zAsana ke nivedananA rUpe hoI, dAna denAra rAjA lAgatAvaLagatA adhikArIone tathA anyajanone saMbodhIne dAnanI hakIkata jaNAvato. emAM keTalIka vAra Ayuktaka, viniyuktaka, kAMgika, mahattara, dAMDapAzika, uparika, kumArAmAtya, rAjasthAnIya, mahAsAmaMta Adi adhikArIono 44 tema ja te vahIvaTI vibhAga ke gAmanA brAhmaNAdi nivAsIono samAveza thato.45 dAnane lagatI mukhya hakIkatamAM dAna devAno hetu, pratigrahItAnAM nAmaThAma, dAnanAM ene mATe udiSTa prajana, devabhUminI vigato, dayabhUmi para pratigrahItAne maLatA haka ane kara vageremAMthI ene maLatI muti, ane dAnane lagatI udakAtisaganI vidhi 46 jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. emAM dAna lenAra brAhmaNa, devAlaya, bhA. a. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #177
146 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA vihAra, vasati vagerenI tathA vahIvaTI vibhAgo ane peTAvibhAgo, gAme, khetare, vAvo vagerenI ghaNI vigata jANavA maLe che. rAjA lAgatAvaLagatA janone dAnanI jANa karI pratigrahItAne devabhUminI bAbatamAM harakata nahi karavA Adeza Ape che. paraMtu e rAjAe ApelA adhikAra enA uttarAdhikArIone baMdhanakAraka kharA ? emAM ya bhaviSyamAM anya rAjavaMza sattArUDha thAya tyAre ? AthI dAna denAra rAjAe potAnA vaMzanA tema ja anya vaMzanA AgAmI "bhadra (bhalA) rAjAone potAnA A dAnazAsanane anumodana ApI enuM paripAlana karavAno naitika anurodha karavAno raheto. paraMtu emAM e AgAmI rAjAone kaMI lAbha khare ? hA, ApeluM dAna pachInA je rAjAo pALe, teo paNa e dAnanA puNyanA bhAgIdAra thAya ne je ApelA dAnano Acheda kare ke karavA de, tene ghaNuM pAtaka lAge. A mAnyatA mATe bhagavAna vyAsanA nAme keTalAka purANokata loka paNa TAMkavAmAM AvatA, jemAM dAna denArane ne pALanArane keTaluM puNya maLe ne ApeluM dAna jhUMTavI lenArane keTaluM pAtaka lAge te darzAvavAmAM Ave che.48 dAnazAsananuM lakhANa sAdhivigrahika ke mahAkSapaTalika ke divirapati je adhikArI taiyAra karato. ene e saMbaMdhI rAjAnI AjJA kayAreka svamukhe maLatI. te te dAnazAsananA aMte "svamukhassA" nuM pramANa Apato. bAkI ghaNI vAra ene dAnazAsana ghaDavAnI jAjJA koI rAjaputra ke sAmanta ke ucca adhikArI dvArA pahoMcADavAmAM AvatI ne to emAM e te "dUtaka'no nirdeza karato. dAnazAsananA aMte dUtaka ane lekhakanAM nAma tathA hoddAnI vigata ApavAmAM Ave che. dAnanI miti paNa dAnazAsanamAM jaNAvavI jarUrI gaNAtI. emAM saMvata, varSa, mAsa, pakSa, tithi ane vAra jaNAvatA. zarUAtanAM dAnazAsanamAM saMvata ane vAranI vigata apAtI nahi.49 samayanirdezanI vigata ItihAsamAM ghaNI upayogI nIvaDe che. mitimAM keTalIka vAra grahaNa, adhikamAsa, parvadina vagerene ullekha Ave che. tema ja nadIsnAna tathA devavaMdananI vidhine paNa nideza Ave che. samayanirdeza koI dAnazAsanamAM aMte, koImAM vacce ne koImAM AraMbhamAM karavAmAM Avato. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #178
abhilekhanA viSaya 17 dAnazAsana lahiyAnA hAthe lakhAtuM ne kaMsArAnA TAMkaNe kotarAtuM. evuM dAnazAsana to kaI paMDita pAse lakhAvI de ne kaMsArA pAse kotarAvI de. AthI rAjAnA nAme kaI banAvaTI dAnazAsana taiyAra na karAvI de e mATe dAnazAsanamAM chevaTe rAjAnA svahasta(dastaka) ApavA jarUrI gaNAtA. rAjAnA svahasta ane rAjamudrAnI chApa rAjazAsananI pramANitatA mATe Avazyaka gaNAya. bhAratanA prAcIna abhilekhamAM tAmrapatra para kotarelAM dAnazAsane moTI saMkhyA dharAve che. (7) pUrtanirmANa lekhe : devAlaya, vApI, kUpa, taDAga Adi sArvajanika paramArthanAM vAstu(bAMdhakAma)ne "pUta" kahetA. dharmazAstramAM dAnanI jema pUrvanirmANane ghaNo mahimA gAya che. - bauddha stUpamAMnA asthipAtra para, caityagRhanA staMbha chatra toraNa vedikA vagere para ane vihAranA staMbha vagere para ghaNI vAra tenA nirmANane lagato lekha kotarelo hoya che.pa0 besanagara garUDa staMbhalekhamAM eka bhAgavata yavane vAsudevanA maMdira sAme garuDadhvaja karAvyAnuM jaNAvyuM che.pa1 jUnAgaDha zailalekhomAM para rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe tathA gupta samrATa skaMdagupta tyAMnA sudarzana taLAvano setu(baMdha) samarAvyAnI hakIkata jaNAvI che, te pUrtanA punanirmANa ke jIrNoddhArane lagatA lekha gaNAya. gudA(ji. jAmanagara)ne zaka varSa 103(I. sa. 181)no zilAlekha vApI-nirmANane lagato che. devanI morInA bauddha stUpamAMnA asthipAtra parano lekha stUpanA tathA e samudgaka(dAbaDA)nA nimaNinI hakIkata jaNAve che. caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayane gu. sa. 61(I. sa. 380)ne mathurA staMbhalekhapa4 be zivAlanA nirmANane lagata che. e rAjAnA samayane udayagiri guphalekha zivanI guphA karAvyA vize che. dilhInA kutubaminAra pAsenA lohastaMbha paranA lekhamAM viSNupada giri para bhagavAna viSNune dhvaja karAvyAnuM jaNAvyuM che.pa6 maMdasoranA zilAlekhamAM I. sa. 436 mAM sUrya maMdiranuM nirmANa ane I. sa. 473 mAM punanirmANa thayAnuM jaNAvyuM che.57 eraNane zilAstaMbha lekha(I. sa. 483)58 viSNunA dhvajastaMbhane lagato che. yazodharmA- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #179
148 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA viSNuvardhananA maMdasora zilAlekhamAM kUpanirmANanI hakIkata ApI che.59 dUNa rAjA toramANanA samayane eraNa zilApratimA lekha nArAyaNanA zilAprAsAdanA nirmANane lagato che. deg mihirakulanA samayanA gvAliyara zilAlekhamAM sUryane zailamaya prAsAda karAvyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. 61 gujarAtanA prAcIna abhilekhamAM A prakAranA abhilekho khAsa karIne solaMkIkAlathI vadhatA jAya che. kumArapAle AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)mAM vapra(koTa)karAvyo tene lekha vaDanagaramAM che. prabhAsapATaNamAM somanAtha maMdirano jIrNoddhArane lagatA aneka zilAlekha mojUda che 63 Abu para mahAmAtya tejapAle neminAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM te vize somezvare racelI prazasti lekha kotarelo che. 64 e maMdiranI bhamatImAM te te devakulikAnA nimaNane lagatA aneka lekha che. 65 giranAra para vastupAle karAvelAM maMdirone lagatA lekhaka paNa A prakAranA che. DabhoIne sa. 1311no zilAlekha tyAMnA vaidyanAtha maMdiranA nirmANane lagato che. 67 ajanadevanA samayane I. sa. 1264no zilAlekha masjidanA nirmANa tathA nibhAvane lagatA che. 68 prabhAsamAM nAnAke karAvelA maMdiranA nirmANa vize be prazasti kotarAI che. 69 gujarAtamAM tathA anya pradezamAM maMdire vAvo vagerenA nirmANa tathA punanirmANa vize pachInA kAlamAM anekAneka lekha kotarAyA che. madhyakAlIna abhilekhomAM dAnazAsanane badale A prakAranA abhilekha saMkhyAbaMdha maLe che. (8) pratimAlekho-pratimA e devAlayanA kendrasthAne rahele mukhya padArtha che. pratimA ghaDAvavI ane enI pratiSThA karAvavI e devAlaya-nirmANane mahatvano bhAga che. keTalIka pratimA para te te pratimAnA nirmANa tathA tenI pratiSThAne lagato lekha kotarelo hoya che, enI besaNI upara ke enI pITha upara. pratimAnA be mukhya prakAra che-pASANapratimA ane dhAtupratimA. ghaNI dhAtupratimAo nAnA kadanI ane cala prakAranI hoya che; ghaNuM pASANapratimAo meTA kadanI ane acala prakAranI hoya che. parakhamanI yakSarAjanI pratimA para lekha I. pU. 1lI-2jI sadIne che.70 sAranAthanA bodhisatva-pratimAone lagatA lekha A prakAranA che. mathurAnI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #180
abhilekhonA viSaya 149 bedhisarva pratimAne lekha I. sa. 111 ne che.72 saMbhavanAthanI pratimA parano I. sa. 126 ne lekha lakhanau myujhiyamamAM che.73 akoTA(vaDodarA)mAMthI jaina dhAtupratimAone moTo saMgraha maLyo che.74 zatruMjaya, giranAra ane Abu jevAM jaina tIrthasthAnonAM derAsaramAM saMkhyAbaMdha pratimAlekha jovA maLe che. bIjAM ghaNuM sthaLoe paNa derAsaromAM lekha dharAvatI anekAneka pratimAo hoya che. pATaNa, dhoLakA vagere prAcIna nagaronAM keTalAMka hiMdu maMdiramAM paNa keTalIka pratimAo para lekha kotarelA hoya che. (9) prazastio : keTalAka smAraka abhilekhone tathA pUrtanirmANanA lebone prazasti' kahevAmAM Avela che. A lekhomAM parAkrama ke paramArthanI ghaTanA nimitta hoya che ne e nimitta enA nAyakanI lAMbI rucira prazasti racavAmAM AvI hoya che. rudradAmA ane skaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDha zailalekha, samudraguptane alAhAbAda zilAtaMbhalekha, khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha, yazodharmAno zilAtaMbhalekha, kumArapAlano vaDanagara lekha, tejapAlane Abu lekha, zrIdharano prabhAsa pATaNa lekha, DabhoIne vaidyanAtha lekha ane nAnAkanA koDinAra lekha A prakAranA che. A badhAmAM samudragupta ane thazodharmAnA zilAtaMbhalekhone zuddha prazastirUpa gaNI zakAya, jyAre bIjA lekho to pUrtanirmANa nimitte lakhAyela che. ema te ghaNuM dAnazAsanomAM paNa dAna denAra rAjA tathA enA pUrvajonI prazastino samAveza thato hoya che. rAjAnA Azraye protsAhana pAmatA kavio abhilekhanAyakanI prazasti kare ne e prazastimAM atizayokita kare e svAbhAvika che. (10) sikakAlekho : cheka anu-mauryakAlathI bhAratamAM lakhANavALA sikkA pracalita hatA. A lakhANa sIdhAM katarelAM nahi paNa mudAMkita karelAM hoya che. sikkAnA agrabhAga tathA pRSThabhAga para mudrAMkita karelA lakhANa parathI sikkA paDAvanAra rAjAnAM nAma, saMpradAya, parAkrama, abhiruci ItyAdinI mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. bhAratIya-yavana, zaka-yalava ane kuSANonA sikkAo paranA lekha dvibhASI che-eka bAju grIka bhASAmAM ane bIjI bAju prAkRta bhASAmAM. pazcimI kSatraponA sikkA para varSa paNa ApavAmAM AvatuM. gupta samrATonA sikakAonA prakAro ghaNuM vaividhya dharAve che, je enA paranAM lakhANomAM paNa pratibiMbita thAya che. gadhayA sikakAo paranAM lakhANa durbodha hoya che. muslima rAjAonA sikkAo para rAjAnuM pUruM nAma ane sikkA pADyAne varSa uparAMta TaMkazALanuM sthaLa, kurAne zarIphane kalamo vagere paNa mudrAMkita thatuM briTiza rAjyanA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #181
150 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sikkAo paranAM lakhANa sarakhAmaNIe sAdA-sIdhAM gaNAya. AjhAda bhAratanA sikakAo para paNa evAM ja lakhANa hoya che. (11) mudrAMka-lekho : dAnazAsane sAthe maLatAM mudrAMkamAM rAjamudrAnI chApa aMkita karelI hoya che. rAjamudrAmAM sAmAnya rIte upalA bhAgamAM e rAjavaMzanuM pratIka ane nIcalA bhAgamAM rAjAnuM nAma lakheluM hoya che. keTalIka moTI mudrAomAM AkhI vaMzAvaLI ApI hoya che, jemake narasiMhaguptanA putra kumAraguptanI bhiTArI mudrAmAM. 76 valabhInA maitrakanAM dAnazAsanenA mudrAMkamAM haMmezAM zrI bhaTArkanuM nAma jovAmAM Ave che. navasArInA cAlu kyonAM mudrAMkamAM te te rAjAnuM nAma hoya che. vAkATakonAM dAnazAsana sAthe yuvarAja-mAtA prabhAvatI guptA, rAjA pravarasena 2 jo vagerenA nAmanA zlekavALAM mudrAMka maLyAM che.77 cakravatI harSanI mudrAmAM 13 paMkitanuM lakhANa che ne AsAmanA rAjA bhAskaravarmAnI mudrAmAM 11 paMktinuM. kumAraguptanI jema A rAjAonI mudrAomAM rAjAnA pUrvajonAM nAma mAtApitAnAM nAma sAthe ApavAmAM Ave che. coLa rAjAonA mudrAMkanuM lakhANa eka bleka jeTaluM ja hoya che.78 basADha, kAsiyA, sAheta-mAhata, nAlaMdA, rAjaghATa, kesama vagere prAcIna sthaLoe seMkaDo mudrAo tathA mudrAMka maLyAM che. emAMnAM keTalAMka rAjAonAM che, keTalAMka adhikArIonAM, keTalAMka rAjakulanA anya mANasonAM, to vaLI bIjAM keTalAMka vihAra, devAlaye, deva, zreNIo ane khAnagI vyakitaonAM che. emAM nAlaMdAnA mahAvihAranAM mudrAMka khAsa noMdhapAtra che. (12) abhilikhita graMtha tathA subhASito : kyAreka koI nAnA dharmagraMtha ke kAvyo ke nATakone abhilikhita karavAmAM Ave che. kuzinagaranA tathA devanI morIne stUpamAM bauddha sUtra (pravacana) katarelAM maLyAM che. ajameranI eka majidamAMnA eka lekhamAM lalitavigraharAja' nATaka vagerenA khaMDa kotarelA che, to eka bIjA lekhamAM vigraharAjadevakRta "harakeli-nATakanA khaMDa ketarAyA che. amadAvAdanA gItAmaMdiramAM bhagavadgItAnA aDhAreya adhyAya karavAmAM AvyA che. dilhImAM zrI. bIralAe baMdhAyelA mazahUra maMdiramAM aneka saMtasAdhuonAM subhApita kotarelAM che. netAonAM keTalAMka bAvaluM nIce kayAreka emanI kaI mahattavanI ukti kerI hoya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #182
abhilekhonA viSaya 15 Ama bhAratIya abhilekhamAM viSayonuM ThIkaDIka vaividhya jovAmAM Ave che emAM saMkhyAnI dRSTie dAnazAsane, pUrtanimaNa-lekho, ane pratimA lekhe sahuthI vadhu vipulatA dharAve che emAM bhAratIya saMskRtimAM raheluM dharmanuM pradhAnya. pratibiMbita thAya che. pAdaTIpa 2. Pandey, 'Indian Palaeography,' p. 117 2. Ibid., pp. 117 f. 3-4. Ibid., p. 119 5. padghati, pR. 2-7 6. ejana, pR. 15 . ejana, pR. 2 8 ejana. pR. 27-30 la, ejana, pR. 30-32 10, ejana, pR. 7-8 11. ha. gaM. zAstrI, 'haDappA ne mohejo-daDe, pR. 65-66 12. ejana, pAdaTIpa 13 73. Pandey, op. cit., p. 122 18. D. C. Sircar, Select Inscriptions,' Book I, Nos. 6-19 and 24-30 15. Ibid., Nos. 20-21 and 33-34 16. Ibid., Nos. 31-32 17. gi. va. AcArya (saM.), gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho." bhAga 1, lekha 2 thI 5 26. D. C. Sircar, op. cit., Book III, No 38 96. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 143 f. ra0, D. C. Sircar, op. cit, Book III, No. 2. 20 a. Ibid., No. 54 27. Ibid, pp. 137 f. 29. D. C. Sircar, op. cit., Book III, No. 49. 23. Ibid., Nos. 58-59. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #183
152 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 24. Ibid., No. 83 25. Ibid., No. 86 26. Ibid., No. 91 27. hariprasAda zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 2, pR. 339-340 28. IA, Vol. VI, pp. 180 ft. RE. Indian Epigraphy, pp. 97 f. 30. Select Inscriptions, Book II, Nos. 27 and 33 31-33. Indian Epigraphy, p. 107 34. Select Inscriptions, Book III, Nos. 16, 18 and 19 35. vigato mATe juo gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 2. 36. dA. ta. maitrakonAM tAmrazAsanonI vigata mATe juo ha, gaM. zAstrI, maitrakAkAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 2. pR. 544-545 39-36. Indian Epigraphy, pp. 122 f. 39. Ibid., pp. 123 f. 40. Ibid., pp. 104 f. 41. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 1, pR. 24 kara. dA. ta. solaMkI dAnazAsanamAM, jemake gu. e. le, bhAga 2, lekha 158, 16 0, 162, 165, 166, 170, 186, 201, 202, 205 43. Indian Epigraphy, p. 131 44. dA, ta, maitrakanAM zarUAtanAM dAnazAsanamAM. 45. dAta, solaMkIonAM dAnazAsanomAM. 46. dAnanA saMkalpa samaye jaLa mUkavAnI vidhi 47. vigatonA namUnA mATe juo "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga 2, pR. 536 537. vaLI juo Indian Epigraphy', pp. 134 ff. 48 AvA zlokonA namUnA mATe juo mitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhAga. 2, pR. 34pa-347; ane P. V. Kane, History of Dharma s'astra, Vol II, pp. 1271 ft. 49. dA.ta. maitrakonAM dAnazAsanomAM saM. rUrUka mAgha zu. 6 (gu. a. le., bhAga. 1, lekha 174) 40. EL.A. Select Inscriptions, Book I, No. 46; Book II, Nos. 1, 14, 20, 43, 44, 94, 104 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #184
abhilekhAnA viSaya 51. Ibid., Book II, No. 2 52. Ibid., Book II, No. 67; Book III, No 25 53. Ibid., Book II, No. 69 54. Ibid, Book III, No. 9 55. Ibid., No 11 56, Ibid., No 14 57. Ibid. No 21 58. Ibid., No 35 19. bid., No 53 60. Ibid., No, 55 61. Ibid., No 57 62. gu ai. le., bhAga. 2, lekha 147 63. ejana, lekha 155, 204 64. ejana, lekha 167 65. dA.ta. ejana, lekha 171-185 ane 188-200 66. ejana, bhAga 3, lekha 207-212 67. ejana, lekha 215 68. ejana, lekha 217 69. ejana, lekha 218-219 70. Select Inscriptions, Book II, No 7 71. Ibid., Nos. 37-39 72. Ibid., No. 50 73. Ibid, No. 53 74. jue 'Akota Bronzes' by Dr. U. P. Shah. 75. kemake emAM koI amuka ghaTanAnuM ya nimitta raheluM nathI. 76. Select 1nscriptions, Book III, No. 32 77. Ibid., Nos. 60 and 62 78. anya rAjava`zAnI mudrAo mATe jue Indian Epigraphy, pp. 150 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only 153

Page #185
11. samayanardezanI judIjudI paddhatio kAlagaNanA e itihAsanI karADarajju che. abhilekhAmAM mATe bhAge samayanirdeza karAtA heAi, tihAsanA sAdhana tarIke e viziSTa mahattva dharAve che. abhilekha meTe bhAge te te vRttanI samakAlIna taiAMdha pUrI pADe che eTalu ja nahi, te te vRttanA samaya paNa jaNAve che. bhAratIya itihAsanA lAMbA kAla daramyAna judAjudA samaye judAjudA pradezamAM samayanirdezanI judIjudI paddhati pracalita rahI che. A paddhati kAlagaNanAnI te te paddhatine anusaratI. kAlagaNanAnA vikAsamAM divasa (aheAtra), mAsa ane vadha eveA uttarAttara krama jovAmAM Ave che, paraMtu aitihAsika samayanirdezamAM sahuthI vadhu mahattva varSInu hAya che. AthI emAM keTalIka vAra mAtra vadhu jaNAvavAmAM Ave che, te keTalIka vAra varSa uparAMta mAsa ane ditrasanI vigata ApavAmAM Ave che. rAjyakAlanAM varSo aitihAsika kAlanA AraMbhamAM bhAratamAM kaI saLaMga sa Mvata pracalita thayA nahAtA. AthI banAvAnA samaya te te samaye rAjya karatA rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM varSAmAM jaNAvavA paDatA. dA. ta. mauya rAjA azAkanA abhilekhAmAM jyAM jyAM samayanirdeza karavAmAM AvyA che, tyAM tyAM e zeAkanA abhiSekathI gaNAtAM varSomAM karavAmAM AvyA che, jemake abhiSekane ATha varSa thayAM tyAre kaliMga deza jItyA, abhiSekane bAra varSa thayAM tyAre A lakhAvyuM 2. abhiSekane tera va thayAM tyAre dharmo-mahAmAtra nImyA, abhiSekane cauda varSa thayAM tyAre buddha kanakamuninA stUpa khamaNeA mATA karAvyA,ja abhiSekane vIsa varSa thayAM tyAre jAte AvI mULa karI, paabhiSekane chavIsa varasa thayAM tyAre A dhalekha lakhAvyA ane abhiSekane sattAvIsa varSa thayAM tyAre A dhama lekha lakhAvyeA. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #186
samayanirdezanI judIjudI paddhati 155 zugakAlIna esanagara sta MbhalekhamAM paNa rALa kausIputra bhAgalanA caudamA varSe takSazilAnA yavanadUta heliyeAdAre vAsudevane garuDadhvaja karAvyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. sAtavAhana vaMzanA guphAlekhAmAM paNa samayanirdeza te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM varSAmAM karavAmAM AvyA che, jema ke gautamIputra zAtakaNinA saMvatsara (va) 18 mAM ke 24 mAM athavA vAsiSmIputra puchumAvinA saMvatsara 7 mAM, 19 mAM, 22mAM ke 24 mAM.9 vaLI emAM varSA, grISma ane hemaMta e traNa Rtuono, enI aMdaranA pakSa(pakhavADiyA)nA saMkhyAMkane ane pakSanI aMdaranA divasane ya nirdeza . karavAmAM Avele che. pakSanA saMkhyAMkamAM pAMcanA ya samAveza thatA heI A Rtue cAra pakSeAnI nahi, paNa AThe pakSanI gaNAtI hAvAnu mAlma paDe che.10 AthI ahI vasaMtaneA samAveza grISmamAM zaradI varSAmAM ane ziziranA heMmatamAM thatA evuM phalita thAya che. kaliMganA rAjA khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekhamAM rAjyAbhiSeka pachInA 1 lA varSothI 13 mA vaSa~ sudhInAM varSoMnA nirdeza karyo che. 11 nAgAjI nIkeAMDa(AMdhra pradeza)nA prAcIna lekheAmAM paNa rAjyakAlanAM varSa ApelAM che.12 dRNa rAjA tAramANa ane mihirakulanA samayanA lekheAmAM paNa samayanirdeza e rIte karelA che. 13 vidarbhanA vAkATaka vaMzanAM dAnazAsaneAmAM rAjyakAlanA saMvatsara (va) uparAMta Rtu ke mAsa, pakSa ane divasanI vigata ApI che.14 emAM zarUAtamAM Rtu jaNAvatA, tene badale pachI kArttika ane jayeSDa jevA mAsa jaNAvyA che; ne enI sAthe pakSane saMkhyAMka nahi paNa enu nAma (dA. ta. zukala) ApyuM che. pallava vaMzanAM dAnazAsaneAmAM paNa saMvatsara uparAMta zarUAtamAM Rtu, pakSa ane divasa ane AgaLa jatAM mAsa, pakSa ane tithi jaNAvela che.15 videzI rAjavaMze paikI bhAratIya-yavana vaMzanA lekhAmAM jUja samayanirdeza maLyA che. 16 paraMtu emAM paNa rAjyakAlanAM varSa prAjAyAM che. A rAjAe je dezamAMthI ahIM AvelA te dezamAM17 teA I. pU. 312 mAM zarU thayelA selyukiDa saMvata pracalita hateA. chatAM ahIM teoe e saLaga saMvata prayeAjyA nahi e asAmAnya gaNAya. temene sIriyAnA selyuDi vaMza sAthe zatrubhAva hatA, tethI teoe e saMvatane aDI tilAMjali ApyuM haze ? 18 palava rAjyanI jema bAlika rAjyamAM peAtAne navA saMvata pracalita thayA haze, paraMtu rAjakulanI AMtarika khaTapaTane laIne lAMkhe vakhata cAlyeA nahi hoya. 19 bhAratIya-yavana lekhAmAM varSa pachI mAsa ane divasa jaNAvyA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #187
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA mAsanAM nAma teA kArnika ane vaizAkha che, paraMtu vacce pakSa(pakhavADiyA)te nirdeza AvatA nathI te divasane saMkhyAMka 25 te paNa che. AthI mAsamAM divasa saLa Mga 1 thI 30 gaNAtA lAge che. 156 padbhava dezamAM I. pU. 248 mAM navA saMvata pracAlita thayA hatA. uttarapazcima bhAratanA keTalAka abhilekhAmAM jaNAvelAM varSa 270 thI 399 A palava saMvatanAM hAvAnuM manAya che.ra0 saLaMga saMvatanAM va zaka-padbhava rAjAoe jyAre uttara bhAratamAM potAnI sattA jamAvI tyAre teoe peAtAnA rAjyamAM saLaga saMvatanA upayAga karyAM. bhAratIya abhilekhAmAM saLa Mga saMvatane nizcita upayoga pahelavahelA A videzI vaMzanA lekhAmAM jovA maLe che. A samayanA abhilekhAmAM varSa` 72, 78, 103. 122, 134 ane 136 ApavAmAM AvyAM che; varSa 187 ane 191 paNa prAyaH e saMvatane lAgu paDe che.21 uttarAttara vadhatI jatI meTI sa MkhyAnAM A varSe kAI saLa Mga saMvatanAM che e niHzaka che. enI sAthe sAthe koI vAra rAjyakAlanAM varSa paNa ApyAM che. A varSoMnI sAthe paNa zarUAtamAM Rtu ane divasa ane AgaLa jatAM mAsa ane tithi ApavAmAM Avela che. kayAreka pakSane paNa nirdeza Ave che. zaka-palava vaMzanI jema kuSANu varAnA abhilekhAmAM paNa saLaga saMvata vaparAyeA che, khAsa karInI kaniSka 1 lAnA samayathI. emAM va` 3 thI 80 ApavAmAM AvyAM che.22 A lekheAmAM paN saLaMga savata vaparAyA che e cAkkasa che. emAM paNa zarUAtamAM Rtu ane divasane ane AgaLa jatAM mAsa ane divasane nirdeza Ave che, emAM pakSanA ullekha nathI ne divasanI sa MkhyA 15 nI pAra saLaMga gaNelI che. pazcimI kSatrAmAM kSaharAta vazanA lekheAmAM varSa 41 thI 46 ane kAmaka vaMzanA lekhAmAM varSa para (have varSa 16)thI vadhu 312 (have vadhu 320) sudhInAM vadhu jaNAvyAM che. 23 kAmaka lekhAnAM varSa teA niHzaMka saLaMga saMvatanAM che ja; jyAre kSaharAta lekhAnAM varSa kAM aa saLaMga saMvatanAM athavA teA rAjyakAlanAM paNa hAya. A vaSa~ sAthe mAsa, pakSa ane tithi (ne koI vAra nakSatra paNa) jaNAvyAM che. zaka-padbhuvA, kuSANA ane pazcimI kSatraponA lekhAmAM saLaga saMvata vaparAyA che, paraMtu e saMvatAnAM nAma ApavAmAM AvyAM nathI. ' For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #188
samayanirdezanI judI judI paddhatio 157 trIjI sadIthI "kuta" nAme saMvatane nirdeza Ave che ne pAMcamI sadIthI mAlavagaNa" nAme saMvatane 6ThThI sadIthI "zaka ane gupta' nAme saMvatono paNa nAmanirdeza maLe che. 24 alabatta tyAre saMvata mATe kAla' zabda prayojAto. "saMvata' e to kharI rIte 'saMvatsarI(varSa)nuM saMkSipta rU5 che. AgaLa jatAM valabhI saMvata, vikrama saMvata, kalayuri ke cedi saMvata, harSa saMvata, kollama saMvata ityAdi aneka saMvatane nAma sAthe nirdeza thato jAya che. Ama bhAratamAM saLaMga saMvatane upayoga lagabhaga IsvIsananI pahelI sadIthI jovA maLe che, jyAre saMvatanA nAmano nirdeza trIjI sadIthI maLe che. cAMda-saura varSa bhAratanA ghaNuM pradezamAM cAMdra 25 mAsanuM varSa gaNavAmAM Ave che. muslima dezomAM bAra cAMdra mAsanuM varSa gaNavAno rivAja che, jyAre pazcimanA dezamAM sIdhuM saurara varSa gaNavAmAM Ave che. caMdranI kalAnI vadhaghaTa parathI cAMdra mAsa gaNAya che, jyAre RtuonA Avartana parathI saura varSa gaNAya che. bAra cAMdra mAsanuM varSa laga ga 354 divasanuM thAya che. jyAre saura varSa lagabhaga 365 divasanuM hoya che. AthI cAMdra varSa saura varSa karatAM 11 divasa jeTaluM TUMkuM hoya che. pariNAme cAMdra varSa para AdhArita kAlagaNanAmAM mahorama vagere tahevAra pahelAM unALAmAM hoya to e thoDAM varSamAM ziyALAmAM, pachI thoDAM varSamAM comAsAmAM ne pachI pAchA thaDA varSamAM unALAmAM Ave che, AthI emAM Rtuo sAthe meLa sacavAto nathI. je kAlagaNanA sIdhI sAra varSa para AdhAra rAkhe che, temAM Rtuono meLa maLyA kare che, paraMtu enA mAsa saura heI emAM caMdranI kalAnI vadhaghaTane. kaMI khyAla Avato nathI. bhAratIya kAlagaNanAmAM caMdrakalA ane Rtuo--e baMnenAM niyamita parivartanane lakSamAM levAmAM AvyAM che. emAM pahelAM mahinA caMdranI kalAnI vadhaghaTa pramANe gaNavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu bAra cAMdra mAsanuM varSa saura varSa karatAM lagabhaga 33 mahine eka mahinA jeTaluM pAchaLa paDatuM hovAthI emAM lagabhaga eTalA gALAmAM eka cAMdra mAsa umerI levAmAM Ave che. ene "adhika mAsa' kahe che. adhika mAsanI yuktine laIne cAMdra varSa saura varSanI lagolaga rahe che. A rIte jotAM ApaNuM varSa hijarI sananA varSanI jema taddana cAMdra nahi ke IsavI sananA varSanI jema mAtra saura nahi, paNa bAra cAMdra mAsa ane saura varSano meLa meLavatuM, cAMdra-saura varSa gaNAya. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #189
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA apavAdarUpe bagALAmAM temaja keralamAM ane tAmilanADunA keTalAka bhAgamAM saura mAsa pracalita che. AthI tyAM zuddha saura varSa cAle che ema kahI zakAya. sAmAnya rIte varSanI saMkhyA a MkAmAM darzAvavAmAM Ave che. gadya lakhANAmAM -keTalIka vAra ane padya lakhANAmAM hamezAM zabdomAM ApavAmAM Ave che. padyamAM zabda-saketeAnA ghaNA upayoga thatA. 158 savasara-vyaka bhAratIya kAlagaNanAmAM varSanI sAthe keTalIka vAra saMvatsaranuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che, jema ke prabhava, vibhava, zukla, pramAda,...... ..vikrama,.........vijaya, jaya, manmatha,... caitra, duti, duMdubhi...... krodhana ane kSaya. A saMvatsaranA saMkhyAMka nahi paNa tenAM nAma ja prayojAya che te 60 savatsara pUrA thatAM pharI prathama saMvatsarathI gaNAya che. evuM A 60 saMvatsaranuM cakra che. kharI rIte A saMvatsara bAIspatya varSa che, arthAt bRhaspati( guru )nI gati parathI gaNAtuM. va che. gurunA graha sUryanI AsapAsanu parikramaNa lagabhaga 12 varSe pUru kare che, ane ethI e dareka rAzimAM lagabhaga eka varSa sudhI rahe che, A varSe pUruM 365 divasanu nahi paNa 361 divasanu heAya che. uttara bhAratamAM kharA bArhaspatya vadhu pramANe A saMvatsare gaNAya che. emAM kayAreka eka saMvatsarane kSaya thAya che. paraMtu dakSiNa bhAratamAM bArhaspatya saMvatsaranuM nAma * ja vaparAya che, kharekhara teA ene badale saura varSa gaNAya che.27 kerala pradezanA prAcIna abhilekhAmAM 12 varSanAM bA`spatya cakra prayAjAyAM che. emAM dareka varSI bRhaspatinI ekeka rAzi pramANe gaNAya che.28 A saMvatsarAnAM nAma mahAkArttika, mahAmAzI, mahApaiASa... .mahAbhAdrapada ane mahA Ayuja evAM hatAM.29 bhAratIya savAnAM varSa sAmAnya rIte 'gata ' (pUrAM thayelAM) hoya che, 'vartamAna' (cAlu) nahi. varSanA AraMbha kayA mahinAthI gaNavA >> bAbatamAM judIjudI paddhatie pracalita che. uttara bhAratamAM sAmAnya rIte vA AraMbha caitra mAsathI gaNavAmAM Ave che. e varSane caitrAdi' kahe che. zaka sa MvatanAM varSa badhe caitrAdi gaNAya che. gujarAtamAM vikrama saMvatanuM varSa kAratakathI zarU thAya che. ene 'kArttikAdi' varSa kahe che. kaccha ane hAlAramAM 'ASADhAdi' varSe pracalita hatAM. sAra varSanA AraMbha meSa saMkrAMtithI gaNavAmAM Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #190
samayanirdezanI judI judI paddhatio 150 ayana kayAreka varSa pachI ayanane nirdeza karavAmAM Ave che. varSanAM be ayana hoya che : uttarAyaNa ane dakSiNAyana. sUrya makarathI mithuna rAzimAM hoya tyAre 'uttarAyaNa ane karkathI dhana rAzimAM hoya tyAre dakSiNAyana gaNAya che. vaDatuo prAcIna abhilekhamAM to mAsane badale hemaMta Adi Rtuono nirdeza thato ne varSamAM evI traNa Rtuo gaNatI. dareka RtunA ATha ATha pakSa (5khavADiyAM) gaNAtA. A Rtuo hAlanA ziyALA, unALA ane cemAsAnA jevI gaNAya. paraMtu bhAratIya jyotiSamAM kharI rIte babe mAsanI cha Rtuo gaNAya che: vasaMta, grISma, varSa, zarada, hemaMta ane zizara. uttarAyaNamAM zizira, vasaMta ane ane grISma, ane dakSiNAyanamAM varSA, zarada ane hemaMta Rtu Ave che. mAsa varSanA mAsa bAra cheH kArtika, mArgazIrSa, pauSa, mAva, phAlgana, caitra, vaizAkha, jayeSTha, aSADha, zrAvaNa, bhAdrapada ane Azvina. A mAsanAM nAma anukrame kRttikA, mRgazIpa, puSya, maghA, phAgunI, citrA, vizAkhA, jayeSThA, ASADhA, zravaNa, bhAdrapadA ane azvinI nakSatra parathI paDyAM che. sAmAnya rIte te te mAsanI pUrNimAe caMdra te te nakSatramAM hoya che. mAsanA nAma aMge bhAratIya kAlagaNanAmAM be paddhati jovA maLe che. je mAsanA aMte sUrya meSAdi rAzimAM hoya te mAsane rautrAdi nAma ApatA. A niyama TUMkAmAM "mepAdi nAme oLakhAya che. vadhu prAcIna kAlamAM A paddhati pracalita hatI. AgaLa jatAM ene badale "mInAdi paddhati pracalita thaI. emAM je mAsanA AraMbhe sUrya mInAdi rAzimAM hoya, te mAsane rautrAdi nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. hAla A paddhati pracalita che.30 Ama to mAsanA AraMbhe sUrya mInAdi rAzimAM hoya ne mAsanA aMte meSAdi rAzimAM hoya e eka ja paddhatinAM be pAsAM che. sAmAnya rIte baMne paddhatie mAsanuM nAma eka ja Ave che. paraMtu adhika mAsane nAma ApavAnI bAbatamAM phera paDe che. cAMdra mAsa saura mAsa karatAM TUMke hovAthI kyAreka sUryanI eka rAzi daramyAna be cAMdra mAsano AraMbha thato hoya che. dA. ta. vi.saM. 2028 mAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #191
160 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sUryanI mIna rAzimAM caitra mAsano AraMbha thaye te pachI meSa rAzimAM be cAMdra mAsano AraMbha thayo-pahelAno meSa rAzinA 1lA aMze ane bIjAno e rAzinA 30 mA aMze. 31 mInAdi niyama pramANe A baMne cAMdra mAsane "vaizAkha nAma apAya che. emano prathama vaizAkha "adhika che ne dvitIya vaizAkha nija' che. paraMtu ahIM jane meSAdi niyama lAgu pADIe te ? to caitra mAsanuM nAma "maitra" raheze, kema ke e mAsa sUryanI meSa rAzimAM pUro thAya che. paraMtu e pachIno cAMdra mAsa paNa "maitra' kahevAze, kemake e mAsa paNa meSa rAzimAM puro thAya che. prathama caitra meSa rAzinA pahelA aMze ne dvitIya rautra e rAzinA trIsamA aMze pUro thAya che. e pachI cAMdra mAsa suryanI vRSabha rAzimAM puro thato hAI vaizAkha kahevAze. Ama ahIM maitra, adhika vaizAkha ane dvitIya vaizAkhane badale prathama, caitra dvitIya caitra ane vaizAkha gaNAze. AmAM dvitIya mAsa "adhika hoya che, AthI valabhInAM dAnazAsanamAM ditIya mahinAonA je ullekha Ave che te kharI rIte adhika mAsanA che. emAM jene "ditIya mArgazIrSa kahyo che te vartamAna paddhatie adhika pauSa che, "dritIya paupa' kahyo che te adhika mAgha che ne dvitIya ASADha kahyo che te Adhaka zrAvaNa che. 32 prAcInakALamAM, khAsa karIne vaidika kALamAM, mAsane mATe caitrAdine badale bIjAM bAra nAma pracalita hatAM. e bAra nAma A pramANe che : madhu, mAdhava, zukra, zuci, nabhama, nabhasya, ISa, UrjA, saham, sahasya, tapasa ane tapasya. 33 jyAM saura mAsa pracalita che tyAM paNa moTe bhAge mAsane caitrAdi nAme ja oLakhavAmAM Ave che. tamiLanADumAM cittarAI, vaikAsI vagere nAmo e arthamAM vaparAya che. baMgALAmAM paNa meSAdi rAzivALA mAsane vaizAkhAdi nAme oLakhe che. mAtra keralamAM saura mAsa mATe meSa, vRSabha, mithuna, karka, siMha, kanyA, tulA, vRzcika, dhanuSa, makara, kuMbha ane mIna-e bAra rAzionAM nAma prayojAya che. keTalIka vAra mArgazIrSa mAsane "agrahAyana" kahetA, kema ke e mAsa hAyana(varSa)nA agre (AraMbhe) Avata. rASTriya paMcAMgamAM saura mAsa ane enAM cAMdra nAma apanAvyAM che, paNa temAM mArgazIrSane mATe "agrahAyana' nAma rAkhyuM che, emAMnA varSane AraMbha caitrathI thato hovA chatAM. cAMdra mAsano AraMbha kayA pakSathI gaNavo e bAbatamAM be bhinna paddhatio pracalita che. eka paddhatimAM je tithie mAm (caMdra) pUrNa dekhAya, te tithie For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #192
samayanirdezanI judI judI paddhatio 161 bhAsa(mahinA)ne pUrNa thato gaNavAmAM Ave che. arthAta emAM pahelAM kRSNapakSa ane pachI zukala pakSa Ave che ne mAsa pUrNimA ke pUNimAsI tithie pUro thato gaNAya che. A paddhatinA mAsane "pUrNimAMta' kahe che. A prakAranA mAsa prAcIna kAlamAM gujarAtamAM pracalita hatA34 ne uttara bhAratamAM adyApi pracalita che. paraMtu hAla gujarAtamAM mAsano AraMbha zukala pratipadA(paDavA)thI ane aMta amAvAsyA(amAsa)thI gaNAya che. A paddhatinA mAsane "amAMta' kahe che. baMne paddhatio ghaNuM prAcIna che.35 pakSa A rIte cAMdra mAsanA be pakSa hoya che : zukala ane kRSNa zudala pakSane mATe zuddha' (ujajavala) ane kRSNa pakSane mATe bahula" (kRSNa) zabda paNa vaparAto. zukalapakSa mATe vaparAto "sudi zabda kharI rIte zuddha-vine nA saMkSipta rUpa(ru. phi.)mAMthI ne "vadi zabada vadura-Dhine nA saMkSipta rUpa(va. u.)mAthI uddabhavyo che. agAu kaI vAra RtunA saLaMga pakSa gaNatA, to kaI vAra mAsanA divasa 15 nI pAra saLaMga gaNAtA ne pakSane nirdeza thato nahi. tithi cAMdra mAsano 30 mo bhAga te tithi. tithi kharI rIte sarerAza lagabhaga 293 divasanI hoya che, tethI kayAreka eka eka tithine kSaya thAya che. tithinA AraMbha ane aMtano kharI rIte sUryodaya ke sUryAsta sAthe kaMI meLa hoto nathI, paraMtu vyavahAramAM sUryodaya samayanI tithine e AkhA divasanI tithi gaNavAmAM Ave che. kyAreka koI tithi sUryodaya pachI thoDI vAramAM pUrI thatI hoya ne e pachInI tithi bIjA divasanA sUryodaya pahelAM pUrI thatAM e sUryodaya samaye vaLI trIjI ja tithi cAlatI hoya evuM bane che. tyAre sUryodayanI apekSAo vacalI nithine kSaya thayo gaNAya che. dA.ta. eka guruvAre sUryodaya pa-54 samaye hato tyAre ekAdazI hatI, te 6-41 samaye pUrI thaI ne dAdazI zarU thaI paraMtu zukravAre 5-54 samaye sUryodaya thayo te pahelAM 3-27 samaye dAdazI pUrI thaI bhA. a. 11 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #193
16ra bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA gaI hatI ne trayodazI cAlatI hatI, tethI laukika vyavahAramAM guruvAre ekAdazI ane zukravAre tradazI (terasa) gaNAze, athata vacce kAdazIne kSaya thaze. kyAreka tithinI vRddhi paNa thAya che. dA. ta. eka zukravAre 5-56 samaye sUryodaya thayuM tyAra pahelAM 5-56 samaye caturdazI zarU thaI hatI, te tithi zukravAre Akho divasa cAlu rahI, zanivAre 5-56 samaye sUryodaya thayo tyAre paNa cAlu hatI ne e pachI 7-47 samaye pUrI thaI, tethI sUryodayanI apekSAe zukravAra tema ja zanivAre caturdazI (caudasa) gaNAze. arthAt guruvAranI trayodazI ane zanivAranI pUrNimAnI vacce eka caturdazInI vRddhi thaze. je vAre tithi samApta na thAya tenI tithine arthAta A dAkhalAmAM zukravAranI caturdazIne vRddhitithi gaNavAmAM Ave che. tithinI saMkhyA moTe bhAge aMkomAM ne keTalIka vAra zabdomAM darzAvAya che. vAra prAcIna kALamAM zarUAtamAM tithinI sAthe vArano nirdeza karavAmAM Avato nahi. paraMtu tithinAM vRddhikSaya thatAM hovAthI tenI sAthe vArane nirdeza hoya to divasanI vigata vadhu nizcita bane che. bhAratIya abhilekhomAM vArane sathI vahelo nirdeza budhaguptanA eraNa zilAtaMbhalekha(I. sa. 484)mAM maLe che. gujarAtamAM mitranAM soeka dAnazAsano (I.sa. pa02-76 6) paikI kaImAM vAra ApavAmAM Avyo nathI. bharUcanA gurjara rAjA jayabhaTa 3 jAnA navasArI dAnazAsana(I. sa. 706)mAM temaja jayabhaTa ja thAnA kAvI dAnazAsana(I. sa. 736)mAM vAra jaNAvyo. che. 37 rASTrakUTa rAjAonAM dAnazAsano (I. sa. 757-930)mAM paNa mAtra chellA dAnazAsanamAM vAra Ape che, 38 jyAre solaMkI rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM pahelethI (I. sa. 987thI) tithinI sAthe vArane ya nirdeza maLe che. 9 bhAratamAM vAra sUryodayathI sUryodaya sudhI gaNAya che. vAra sAta cheH ravi, soma, maMgaLa, budha, guru, zukra ane zani. A nAma graho parathI paDyAM che. bhAratIya kAlagaNanAmAM varSanA AraMbha ane mAsanA aMtanI bAbatamAM tema ja keTalAka anirdiSTa ke lupta saMvatanI bAbatamAM ochIvattI anizcitatA rahetI hoI tithinI sAthe vArano nirdeza thayo hoya to e divasa nakkI karavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #194
samayanirdezanI judIjudI paddhati 163 saraLatA rahe che. ghaNI vAra emAMnI anizrita paddhati niya karavAmAM tithivArA meLa ghaNA upakAraka nIvaDe che. nakSatra AkAzamAM graheAnI sthiti tArAonAM sthAneA parathI gaNavAmAM Ave che. AkAzamAM pRthvInI cAre bAju tArAonuM je vRtta (vatula) dekhAya che, te tArAenAM 27 jhUmakhAM gaNavAmAM Ave che te khageALa-gaNitamAM sagavaDa mATe e sava` jhUmakhAM vacce sarakhuM aMtara gaNavAmAM Ave che. tArAonA jhUmakhAne 'nakSatra' kahe che. enAM azvinI, bharaNI, kRttikA, reAhiNI, mRgazISa, ArdrA, punarvasu, puSya, AzleSA, mA, pUrvAphAlgunI, uttarAphAlgunI, hasta, citrA, svAti, vizAkhA, anurAdhA, jyeSThA, mULa, pUrvASADhA, uttarASADhA, zravaNa, dhaniSThA, zatabhiSaph, pUrvAbhAdrapadA, uttarAbhAdrapadA ane revatI-evA 27 nAma che. paMcAgamAM tithinI jema dareka divasanu nakSatra jaNAvavAmAM Ave che ne enI samAptinA samaya ApavAmAM Ave che. prAcIna kAlamAM bhAratamAM rAzi pracalita thaI naheAtI, tyAre jyotiSanuM gaNita nakSatronA AdhAre karavAmAM Avatu M,te kalAdeza mATe paNa nakSatra!ne mahattva ApavAmAM AvatuM. AgaLa jatAM ahIM rAzie pracalita thaI. rAzie bAra che : meSa, vRSabha, mithuna, karka, siMha, kanyA, tulA, vRzcika, dhanuSa (dhana), makara, kuMbha ane mIna. nakSatranI jema e paNa tArAvRttanA bhAga che. emAM 27 te badale 12 sarakhA bhAga pADavAmAM AvyA che te dareka rAzinuM nAma te te tArAsamUhanA upalaka AkAra parathI prayAAyuM che. dareka rAzimAM OM nakSatrone samAveza thAya che. yAga sUrya ane caMdranA amuka samayamAM thayelA parikramaNanA yAga(saravALA)ne ceAga' kahe che. 360 aMzanA vartulamAM kula 27 'yoga' thAya che. temanAM nAma viSNubha, prIti,... vyatipAta,... siddhi,...zubha,...vaidhRti che. pAMcAMgamAM rAjanA yeAga ane enI samAptine samaya jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. karaNa tithinA adha bhAgane 'karaNa' kahe che. karaNa 11 che: ava, bAlava, kaulava ityAdi. emAM sAta cara ane cAra sthira che. bava bAlava Adi cara karaNa sudi 1nA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #195
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA uttarArdhathI zarU karI 8 vAra pharI pharI gaNavAmAM Ave che. e rIte vadi 14nA pUrvArdha sudhInA kula 56 tithi-ardhanAM kAraNa gaNAya che. bAkInA cAra tithiadha mATe zani Adi cAra sthira karaNu gaNAya che. tithinA bIjA karaNanI samApti tithinI samApti thAya che, AthI paMcAgaMmAM enA pahelA karaNanI ja samAptino samaya ApavAmAM Ave che. tithi, vAra, nakSatra, vega ane karaNa e "paMcAMga'nAM pAMca aMga che. A sarva vigatane nirdeza uttarakAlIna abhilekhamAM maLe che. e agAunAM keTalAMka noMdhapAtra udAharaNa A pramANe che : (1) saMvata 1444 varSe kArtika vadi amAvasyAmAM ravidine jayeSThA nakSatre;3mAM (2) saMvata 1450 varSe bhAdrapada zudi 9 zukradine pUrvInakSatre saubhAgya nAma yoge, zrI zAke 1316 pravartamAne dakSiNAyane zizira RtI saMvatsara vikama nAma;4* (3) zrI nRpa vikrama saMvata 1450 varSe zAke 1315 pravartamAne dakSiNaane zarato bhAdrapadamAse kRSNapakSe dvitIyAyAM tithI seme azvinI nakSatra vyAghAtanAgni mege meSastha caMdra;41 (4) zrImannapadhikramArkasamayAtItasaMvat 1500 varSa prajApatinAgni saMvatsare uttarAyaNe vasaMtaRtI vaizAkha-zukala-paMcamAM gurI;42 (5) saMvata 1572 varSe zake 1437 pravartamAne dakSiNAyana varSARtI mahAmAMgalyapradazrAvaNamAse zukalapakSe navamyAM tithI bhRguvAre rohiNI nakSatre.43 pazciya aMga sAtheno samayanirdeza haLavadanA vi. saM. 1583 nA zilAlekhamAM ja Ape che. zrImajhUMpavimArkasamAyAtItasaMvata 1583 varSe zAke 1448 pravartamAne uttarAyane zizira-Rto phAlyuna mAse kRSNapakSe 13 trayedasyAM tithI guruvAre dhaniSThA nakSatre siddhiyoge bavakaraNe mInalagnavahamAne, e divase e samaye vAva karAvI hatI. krAMtivRtta niyata samaye pUrva kSitijane je rAzimAM spaze, tene lagna kahevAmAM Ave che. e lagnanA AdhAre bAra bhAva (kuMDaLInA bAra sthAna) goThavI emAM grahonI te samayanI sthiti darzAvavAmAM Ave che. DhanA vi. saM. 163(I. sa. 1607)nA zilAlekhamAM 45 paNa varSa, ayana, Rtu, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra, yoga ane karaNa jaNAvavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #196
samayanirdazanI judI judI paddhatio AvyAM che. vAMkAnera pAse AvelA jaDezvara mahAdevanA maMdiranA zilAlekhamAM saM. 1869 zake 173 phAlgana zukala 12 zanI puSya nakSatre AyuSya vege bAlavakaraNe" uparAMta sUryodayAta iSTa ghaTI 15 5la 31 no samaya paNa jaNAvyuM che, jyAre e prAsAdanI pratiSThA karavAmAM AvI hatI. zubha graganA ISTa samaya mATe kuMDaLI karIne sUryodaya pachInAM ghaDI-paLano samaya nakakI karavAmAM AvatA. keTalIka vAra sUryagrahaNa, caMdragrahaNa, akSayatRtIyA ke mahAvaizAkhI jevA parvadineno paNa nirdeza karavAmAM Ave che. Ama bhAratIya kAlagaNanAmAM saMvata, varSa, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, vAra, nakSatra vagerene lagatI aneka paddhatio pracalita hatI. abhilekhamAM ApelA nirdezamAM sahuthI vadhu ullekha varSane Ave che. mAsa, pakSa ane tithine, ane keTalIka vAra vArano paNa ullekha uttarakAlanA ghaNA lekhomAM Ave che. nakSatra, saMvatsara, ga, karaNa, lagna, ghaDapaLa ItyAdine nirdeza paNa kayAreka maLe che. pAdaTIpa 1. zailalekha naM. 13mAM 2, zailalekha naM. 4mAM 3. zailalekha naM. 5 mAM 4. nigAlI sAgara staMbhalekhamAM 5. minaI staMbhalekhamAM 6. staMbhalekha naM 1, 4 ane 6 mAM 7. staMbhalekha naM. 7mAM. vadhu vigata mATe juo Pandey, Indian Palaeography', pp 178 f. 6. Select Inscriptions, Book II, No. 2 6. Ibid., Nos. 83-88; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 180 f. 10. nahi to Rtuo babbe mAsanI kula cha gaNAtI. 22. Select Inscriptions, Book II, No 91 12. Ibid., Nos. 94-104 23. Ibid., Book III, Nos. 55 and 57 14. Ibid., Nos. 59-62 15, Ibid. Nos. 64-67 16. Ibid., Book II, No. 14. emanA sikkAo varSAnirdeza vinAnA che. 17. bAlika dezamAM 18-19, Indian Epigraphy, p. 244 20, Ibid, n. 3. 21, Select Inscriptions, Book II, Nos. 25, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 189 f, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #197
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA rara. S. I., Book II, Nos. 37-57; Pandey, op. cit, pp. 192 ft. 23. Sel. Ins., Book II, Nos. 58-74; Pandey, op. cit., pp. 184 f. 28. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 187, 195 ff., 204 2pa, cAMdra eTale caMdra parathI gaNAtuM. 26. saura eTale sUra (sUrya) parathI gaNAtuM. 29. Pillai, 'Indian Chronology,' p. 39 28. Ibid., p. 40 29, moNa, mA. prA. li., pR. 187 30, ha. gaM. zAstrI, trikakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2. pR. 580 31. vartula 360 aMzanuM hoya che. enA 12 bhAga paDe che, tene "rAzi kahe kahe che. e 30-30 aMzanA hoya che. rAzinA 30 bhAga paDe che. ene "a za' kahe che. 32. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta," bhA. 1, pR. 579-581 33, zaM, bA dIkSita, "bhAratIya jyotiSazAstra" khaMDa 1, pR. 38 34. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 578 35. zaM bA. dIkSita, bhAratIya jyotiSazAstra" khaM. 1, pR. 55 36 Sel. Ins, Book III, No. 35 37. ha. gaM. zAstrI, mitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 590-592 38, gu. e. le, bhA. 2, naM. 135 39, ejana, lekha 137 36 24. 'Inscriptions of Kathiawad,' No. 50 40. Ibid., No. 51 41. Ibid., No. 53. ahIM e divasanI caMdranI rAzi paNa jaNAvI che. 8. Ibid., No. 75 43. Ibid, No. 89 44. Ibid, No. 93 45. Ibid, No. 111 46. Ibid., No. 186 7. 1 ahorAtra( divasarAta)=60 ghaTI (dhaDI) ane 1 ghaTI= 60 pala (51). 1 ghaTI=24 miniTa; 1 pala=24 sekanDa. 1 mUhUrta=ra ghaTI =48 miniTa; 1 prahara ke yAma= ahorAtra=3 kalAka. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #198
12. abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata samayanirdezamAM sahuthI vadhu mahattvanuM aMga varSa che, paraMtu e varSa kayA saMvatanuM che e mAlUma paDe to ja e upayogI nIvaDe che. ghaNI vAra saMvatanuM nAma adhyAhAra rAkhavAmAM Ave che, chatAM e samaye e pradezamAM kayo saMvata pracalita hato e mAlUma hoya to uSTi saMvata samajI zakAya che. prAcIna kALamAM amuka rAjyanA abhilekhomAM ApelAM varSa kyA saMvatanAM gaNavAM e nakkI karavuM keTalIka vAra muzkela nIvaDayuM che. jyAre keI saLaMga saMvata pracalita nahoto ne te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM varSa ApavAmAM AvatAM tyAre itihAsanI saLaMga kAlagaNanAmAM e varSano samaya nizcata karavo ghaNI vAra muzkela nIvaDe che. saLaMga saMvata vaparAyo hoya ne e saMvatanA nAmane nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo hoya tyAre paNa kyAreka e varSanuM vikrama saMvata ke IsvI sana jevA vartamAna saMvatana varSa sAthe samIkaraNa karavuM muzkela nIvaDe che, je e prAcIna saMvata hAla lupta hoya ne enuM AraMbhavarSa nizcita na hoya to. pazcima eziyAmAM sikaMdaranA mRtyu (I. pU. 323) pachI selyukasanA samayamAM selyukiDa saMvata zarU thayelo, jene AraMbha I. pU. 312mAM thayo gaNAto. A saMvata selyukiMDa sAmrAjyanA bAlika palava vagere prAMtomAM paNa pracalita thayela. AgaLa jatAM e baMne prAMta svataMtra thayA ne tyAMnA rAjAoe samaya jatAM uttara bhAratamAM potAnI sattA sthApI. emAMnA bAhalika-yavana (grIka) rAjAonA abhilekhamAM selyukiDa ke koI bIja saMvata vaparAye nathI.' palava dezanA svataMtra rAjyamAM lagabhaga I. pU. 248 mAM no saMvata pracalita thayele. varSa 303 thI 399nA bhAratIya abhilekhomAM ApelAM varSa A pahalava saMvatanAM che evuM keTalAka vidvAna mAne che, jyAre Do. pAMDeya e varSa prAcIna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #199
168 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA zaka saMvatanAM mAne che. zaka-paddalavo ane kuSANonA keTalAka abhilekhamAM anya saMtonAM varSo sAthe pahalavoe apanAvelAM mekeDoniyana mahinAonAM nAma ApelAM che.* bhAratamAM saLaMga saMvatano upayoga khAtarIpUrvaka anu-maurya kAla(I. pU. 185 thI I. sa. 319) daramyAna zarU thayo. zakapalava vaMzanA abhilekhomAM varSa 3 thI 80 ane pazcimI kSatrapa vaMzanA abhilekhamAM varSa 11 thI 320 ne nirdeza maLyo che. paraMtu AmAMnA koI vaMzanA abhilekhAmAM e varSonA saMvatanuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. rAjakIya saMbaMdho, lipine maroDa vagere tulanAtmaka kAlagaNanAnA muddAo parathI e varSonA saMvato vize arvAcIna vidvAnoe sUcana kya che, jemAM thoDavo matabheda pravarte che. saMvatanA nAmano nirdeza trIjI sadIthI maLe che ne te che "kRta' nAme saMvata. bhAratanA prAcIna saMvatamAM vikrama saMvata ane zaka saMvata jevA keTalAka saMvata adyaparyata pracalita che, kalacuri ane gupta saMvata jevA keTalAka saMvata samaya jatAM sadaMtara lupta thaI gayA che, to kaliyuga, bunirvANa ane vIranivaNa jevA keTalAka saMvatano AraMbha ghaNo vahele gaNAto hovA chatAM e saMvatanA nirdeza e pachI aneka zataka bAda zarU thayAnuM mAluma paDe che. vikrama saMvata uttare bhAratanA ghaNAM pradezomAM tema ja gujarAtamAM vikrama saMvata saikAothI pracalita che. "vikrama" e "vikramAdityanuM TUMkuM rUpa gaNAya che; "vikramAdityane badale keTalIka vAra "vikramArka zabda paNa vaparAya che. arka=Aditya-sUrya. A saMvata hAla cAlu che ne e parathI e I. pU. pa7 mAM zarU thaye hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. anuzruti anusAra A saMvata ujajananA prasiddha rAjA vikramAditye zarmAne harAvIne zarU karelo manAya che. paraMtu bhAratIya abhilekhamAM tema ja graMthamAM A saMvatane nirdeza vikrama saMvata ke vikramAditya saMvata tarIke enA navamA zataka pahelAM maLyo nathI. vikrama-kAla'ne nirdeza pahelavahele cAhamAna rAjA caMDamahAsenanA dholapura (rAjasthAna) zilAlekhamAM maLyo che, je e saMvatanA varSa 898(I.sa.841) ne che. Ane artha e thAya ke A saMvata e agAu koI bIjA nAme oLakhAto haze. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #200
abhilekhomAM prayojAyelA saMvata 169 rAjasthAna ane mALavAmAM agAunA abhilekhamAM "kRta" ane "mAlavagaNa nAme saMvatano nirdeza Ave che.... enAM varSa A pramANe maLyAM che : kRta- varSa 202, 284, 295 (ti), 335, 420, 480, 481 mAlavagaNa - varSa 461, 493, 524 (mAlavavaMza), 589, 770 (mAlavarAja), 795 (mAlaveza), 936 (mAlava) kRta, mAlavagaNa ane vikramanA nAme oLakhAto saMvata eka ja hovAnuM jaNAya che. A parathI mAlUma paDe che ke A saMvata enA trIjA zatakathI pAMcamA zataka daramyAna "kRta" nAme oLakhAto, pAMcamA ane chaThThA zataka daramyAna mAlavagaNanA nAme oLakhAto, AThamA zatakamAM e kyAreka mAlavadezanA rAjA ke rAjAonA nAme oLakhAto, dasamA zataka sudhI e kyAreka mAlavadezanA nAme ya oLakhAto paraMtu navamA zatakathI vikrama, vikramAditya ke vikramAnA nAme oLakhAvA lAgyA 10 A badhAM nAmomAM sahuthI prAcIna nAma "kRta che. e nAmanA artha mATe aneka tarkavitarka karavAmAM AvyA che : 11 (1) kRta karele, banAvela arthAt kAlagaNanA karanArAoe banAveluM, (2) kRta nAme rAjAne, (3) kRta nAme gaNamukhyane arthAta mAlavagaNanA vaDAno, (4) kRta arthAta kRtayuga(satyayuga)no. vaLI kayAreka "kRta" ne badale 'krita' zabda prayojAya che ne emAM "kIta' zabda udiSTa lAge che ema dhArIne e zabda koI videzI prajAnuM nAma hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. mAlava prA sikaMdaranI caDAI (I. pU. 325) samaye paMjAbamAM rAvInA taTe vasatI hatI, jyAre pAMcamI sadIthI e dazapura(maMdasora)nI AsapAsa vasI lAge che. sAtamI sadIthI to avaMti-Akara pradeza mAlava' (mALavA) nAme oLakhAto thaye. agAu bIjIthI cothI sadI daramyAna mAlava prajA rAjasthAnamAM vasatI evuM jaNAya che. A parathI mAlava prajA pahelAM paMjAbamAM rahetI hoya ne pachI tyAMthI sthaLAMtara karI rAjasthAna thaI chevaTe avaMti-Akara pradezamAM vasI heya evuM mAlUma paDe che. pAMcamI sadIthI A saMvata sAthe mAlava prajAnuM nAma gADha rIte saMkaLAyuM jaNAya che-pahelAM mAlavagaNanuM ne pachI mAlava rAjA, rAjAo ke dezanuM vikramAditya paNa ujajana(mALavA)no rAjA gaNato. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #201
170 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA Ama mAlava prajAnuM nAma A saMvata sAthe pAMcamI sadImAM saMkaLAyuM. paraMtu e pahelAM e kayA rAjyamAM vaparAyelA ne kayA rAjyamAM zarU thayelA ? A bAbatamAM vidvAneAmAM matabheda pravarte che. ghaNA vidvAne evuM mAne che ke A savata ane zaka-padbhava rAjAe nA abhilekhAmAM prayAjAyeleA saMvata eka ja che, 'kRta' nAma prAyaH e videzI prajAnuM che, zaka-padbhava abhilekhAmAM enAM varSa 72 thI maLyAM che ethI e rAjAoe A saMvata padbhava rAjyamAMthI apanAvyA hovA joIe te padbhava rAjyamAM i. pU. 1 lI sadImAM vAneAna evA pratApI 'mahArAjAdhirAja' hatA, jenA rAjyakAlathI A sa MvataneA AraMbha thayA lAge che. palava dezathI Avela! zakapadbhava rAjAoe paMjAbamAM A sa Mvata pracalita kraryAM, tyAre tyAM vasatA mAlavAe pachI ene rAjasthAna ane mALavAmAM pracalita karyAM, rAjasthAnathI u. pra. ane bihAramAM gayelA mauriee ene tyAM prasAryAM ne gujara-pratIhArAe ene uttara bhAratanA vizALa rAjyamAM vistAryAM. AgaLa jatAM mAlava prajA ane enA gaNataMtranI smRti lupta thatAM e savata mAlavadeza ane enA rAjAne gaNAyA ne chevaTe ujjananA lAkapriya rAjA vikramAdityanu nAma enI sAthe sAMkaLAyu. zraka kSatrA pAsethI mALavA jItI lenAra caMdragupta vikramAditya uja4naneA prAcIna prasiddha rAjA hatA, te have leAkasAhityamAM zakAra vikramAditya tarIke khyAti pAmyo hatA. navamI sadIthI mAvaladezanA savanirde zamAMne 'mAlaveza' temaja ujjanane zakAri vikramAditya A savatana pravaka manAye ne havethI e saMvata vikrama ke vikramAdityanA nAme eLakhAyA. 12 A maMtavya ghaNuM saMbhavita che. A anusAra vikrama saMvatanI utpatti I. pU. 1lI sadImAM ujjainamAM rAjA vikramAdityanA samayamAM nahi, paNa paDtava dezamAM rAjAdhirAjavAneAnanA samayamAM thaI gaNAya, tyAMthI e saMvatane zakapadbhava rAjAe paMjAbamAM pracalita karyAM, tyAMthI mAlava prajAe aene rAjasthAna ane mALavAmAM phelAvye te gurjara-pratIhArAnA samayamAM eka uttara bhAratanA vizALa bhAgamAM pracalita thayA tyAre e ujjainanA prAcIna prasiddha rAjA vikramA divye zarU karAyelA manAyA. A bAbatamAM DaoN. rAjali pAMDeye bhAratIya anuzrutine svIkAya gaNI zakAya te prakAranuM juduM matavya rajU karyuM che.13 A anusAra jaina anuzruti jaNAve che tema ujjananA vikramAditye zakAne hAMkI kADhI ati dezane videzI zAsanamAMthI mukata karyAM tyAre e vijayanI yAdagIrImAM A saMvata zarU karavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #202
171 abhilekhomAM prayojAyelA saMvata Avele, paraMtu gaNataMtramAM gaNamukhya karatAM samasta gaNanuM mahatva raheluM hoI e saMvata mAlavagaNanA nAme oLakhAya; A vijaya vaDe sukha ane samRddhine kAla zarU thayo heI zarUAtamAM ene AlaMkArika rIte "kRta'(satya) kAla(yuga) gaNavAmAM Avyo paraMtu avaMtimAM pharI zakanuM zAsana pratye ne e lAMbe samaya cAlu rahyuM, AthI AgaLa jatAM "kRta' nAma lupta thayuM paNa "mAlavagaNuM nAma cAlu rahyuM; gupta samrAToe gaNataMtrone nAza karyo ne mAlavadezamAM pitAnuM zAsana pravartAvyuM tyAre paNa mAlava prajAe pitAno A jUno saMvata cAlu rAkhyo; paraMtu AThamI-navamI sadImAM bhAratIya prajAmAM gaNataMtranI vibhAvanA samULI vismRta thaI gaIne rAjataMtramAM vyaktino mahimA pratye tyAre mAlavagaNanA sthAne mAlava prajAnA gaNumukhya vikramAdityanuM nAma pracalita thayuM ne mAlavagaNa saMvata vikramAdityanA nAme oLakhAya Ama ahIM kRta, mAlavagaNa ane vikrama e traNeya nAmone meLa meLavavAmAM Avyo che eTaluM ja nahi, A saMvata I pU. 1 lI sadImAM ujanamAM zarU thayele ne e saMvatane mAlava prajA dvArA ja A judAM judAM nAma maLyA karyA evuM pratipAdita karavAmAM AvyuM che. zaka-pahalava rAjyanA abhilekhomAM ApelAM varSone DaoN. pAMDeya A saMvatanAM mAnatA nathI, paraMtu prAcIna zaka saMvatanAM mAne che. jaina anukRti anusAra julamI gaIbhila rAjA para AkramaNa karI zakoe ujajananuM rAjaya laI lIdhuM hatuM ne tyAra pachI 14 ke A varSe vikramAditye e zakone hAMkI kADhayA hatA. Do. pAMDeya A anuzruti anusAra I. pU. 71 ke 61 mAM zakee ujajana lIdhuM tyAre teoe tenI yAdagIrImAM eka saMvata zarU karelo evuM dhArIne zaka-paddalava abhilekhonAM varSa e saMvatanAM gaNe che ne e saMvatane prAcIna zaka saMvata tarIke oLakhAve che. 14 A saMvata zarU karyA pachI zakee ujana gumAvyuM paNa teonI eka zAkhAe uttara-pazcima bhAratamAM e saMvata cAlu rAkhyo, e saMvata zaka-palava rAjAoe apanAvyo ne e kaniSka 1lAnA rAjyakAlanA AraMbha sudhI cAlyo evuM e ghaTAve che. 15 De. pAMDeyanA maMtavyamAM bhAratIya anubhUtino sumeLa sAdhavAmAM Avyo che, paraMtu e mATe vadhu gRhIto para AdhAra rAkhavo paDe che. | vikrama saMvatanAM varSa uttara bhAratamAM citrAdi ane gujarAtamAM kAtti kAdi gaNAya che. vikrama saMvatanA citrAdi varSa ane IsavI sananA varSa vacce citra suda 1 thI DisembaranI 31 mI (je lagabhaga piSa mAsamAM Ave che) sudhI arthAta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #203
172 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA caDhI varSanA pahelA nava-dasa mahinA daramyAna pa7 varSano taphAvata rahe che ne jAnyuArInI 1 lIthI pUrNimAnta caitra (amAnta phAgaNa) vadi 15 sudhI arthAta citrI varSanA chellA be traNa mahinA daramyAna 56 varSane taphAvata rahe che. dA.ta. caitrAdi vikrama varSa 2028 zarU thayuM tyAre I. sa. 1971nA mArcanI 27mI hatI, e be varSo vacce 31 mI DiseMbara, 1971 sudhI arthAt pauSa sudI 15 sudhI pa7 varSane taphAvata rahyo, e pachI 1 lI jAnyuArI, 1972(pauSa vadi 1)thI pUrNimAnta caitra vadi 30 (15mI mArca, 1972) sudhI taphAvata 56 varSane rahyo. paraMtu gujarAtamAM vikrama saMvatanuM varSa uttara bhArata karatAM cha mahinA moDuM zarU thAya che. AthI zarUAtamAM vikrama saMvatanA kAntikI varSa ane I. sa. nA varSa vacce 57 varSane taphAvata hoya che ne te taphAvata phakata be traNa mahinA sudhI - 31mI DiseMbara (je lagabhaga piSamAM Ave che) sudhI eTale rahe che. dA.ta. vikrama saMvatanuM varSa 2028 kArnAikI varSanI paddhatie 20mI oNkaTobara, 1971 nA roja zarU thayuM ne pa7 varSano taphAvata 31 mI DiseMbara, 1971(poSa sudi 15) sudhI ja rahyo. 1lI jAnyuArI, 1972(poSa vadi 1)thI e taphAvata 56 varSano thayo ne cheka Aso vadi 30 (6ThThI naveMbara, 1972) sudhI cAlu rahyo. A rIte kArtAika varSanI bAbatamAM I. sa. sAtheno taphAvata kAttikI varSanA pahelA be traNa mahinAmAM pa7 varSane ne pachInA navadasa mahinAmAM pa6 varSane rahe che. AthI vikrama saMvatanA varSa barAbaranuM I. sa. nuM varSa kADhavA mATe caitrI vikrama varSamAMthI pahelA navadasa mahinA pa7 ane chellA betraNa mahinA pada bAda karavAnA hoya che, jyAre kArtikI vikrama varSamAMthI pahelA betraNa mahinA 57 ane bAkInA mahinA 56 bAda karavAnA hoya che. A taphAvata nIcenA koSThaka parathI vadhu spaSTa thaze : - mahine citrI vi.saM. Isa. taphAvata kAttikI vi.saM. I.sa. taphAvata autra 2028 1971 57 Ase 2028 1971 57 kArtika 2028 1971 57 2028 1971 57 piSa 2028 1971-72 5756 2028 1971-72 57-56 phAgaNa 2028 1972 56 2028 1972 56 2028 1972 56 Aso 2028 1972 56 autra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #204
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata 173 vikrama saMvatanA bhAsa uttara bhAratamAM pUrNimAnta ane gujarAtamAM amAnta gaNAya che. kudaratamAM zukalapakSa ane kRSNa pakSa badhe sarakhA ja hoya che, paraMtu ene kyA mAsanA gaNavA e bAbatamAM paddhatiphera raheluM che. uttara bhAratamAM ane gujarAtamAM zukala pakSamAM mAsanuM nAma eka ja hoya che, paraMtu uttara bhAratamAM e pakSanI pahelAMnA pakSane e ja mAsane gaNavAmAM Ave che, jyAre gujarAtamAM e pakSane enI pahelAMnA mAsano gaNavAmAM Ave che. AthI kRSNa pakSanI bAbatamAM mAsanuM nAma ApavAmAM eka mAsano phera paDe che. dAta., vaizAkha zukla badhe vaizAkha zukla ja gaNAya che, paraMtu e pahelAMnA pakSane uttara bhAratamAM vaizAkha kRSNa kahe che jyAre gujarAtamAM ene maitra kRSNa kahe che. evI rIte vaizAkha zukala pachInA pakSane uttara bhAratamAM jyeSTha kRSNa ane gujarAtamAM vaizAkha kRSNa kahe che.' A taphAvata nIcenA kASThaka parathI vadhu spaSTa thaze :- uttara bhArata gujarAta caitra kRSNa (phAgaNa kRSNa) caitra zukala catra zukala (vaizAkha kRSNa) caitra kRSNa Ama gujarAtamAM cAMdra mAsa uttara bhArata karatAM eka pakhavADiyuM moDe sArU thAya che. kaccha, hAlAra vagere pradezamAM ASADhAdi varSa pracalita hatAM. e varSa citrAdi varSa karatAM traNa mahinA moDuM ane kArtAikAdi varSa karatAM cAra mahinA vaheluM zarU thAya che. kArtikAdi varSanI apekSAe emAM ASADhathI Adhina sudhInA cAra mAsa daramyAna varSanI saMkhyAmAM 1 varSane vadhAre rahe che. dA. ta. vi. saM. 2028 caitrI varSa pramANe caitramAM (mArca, 1971 mAM), ASADhI varSa pramANe e pachInA ASADhamAM (jUna, 1971 mAM) ane kArtAikI varSa pramANe e pachInA kArtikamAM (okaTobara, 1971 mAM zarU thayuM gaNAya. zaka saMvata zaka saMvata dakhaNa(mahArASTra-karNATaka)mAM tathA dakSiNa bhAratanA keTalAka bhAgamAM zatakathI pracalita che. bhAratIya jyotiSamAM haMmezAM zaka saMvatanAM varSa ApavAmAM Ave che. AjhAda bhAratanA rASTriya paMcAMgamAM A saMvatane apanAva. vAmAM Avyo che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #205
174 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA A saMvata pratiSThAnapura(pIThaNa)nA rAjA zAlivAhane ujananA rAjA vikramane harAvIne zarU karela evI anukRti che. 17 ne jyotiSamAM enAM varSa "zAlivAhana-kRta zaka tarIke ApavAmAM Ave che. paraMtu jema vikrama saMvatanAM varSo sAthe vikamAhityanuM nAma cheka enA navamAM zatakathI saMkaLAyeluM jaNAya che tema A saMvatanAM varSo sAthe zAlivAhananuM nAma enA cheka bAramA zatakathI saMkaLAyeluM maLe che. abhilekhomAM zAlivAhananuM nAma vahelAmAM vaheluM yAdava rAjA kRSNanA tAva tAmrapatra(zaka 1172)mAM ane sAhityamAM semarAja-kRta "ubhaTakAvya" nAme kannaDa kRti(zaka 1144)mAM maLyuM che. 18 e pahelAM zAlivAhananA nAma sAtheno koI samayanirdeza maLyo nathI. to vikrama saMvatanI jema A saMvata paNa agAu judA nAme oLakhAto haze. keTalAka abhilekhomAM varSa 500 thI 1128 sudhInA samaya-nirdezamAM zaka kAla ke zaka saMvatano ullekha Ave che. 19 A saMvata ane pachIno zAlivAhanakRta saMvata eka ja hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. zAlivAhana-kata saMvatanA varSa mATe zaka zabda "vaSa'nA vyApaka arthamAM vaparAte hovA chatAM emAM enA prAcIna nAmanuM mULa sacavAI rahyuM che. A saMdarbhamAM prajAto "zAka' zabda to spaSTataH "zakono evo artha dharAve che. prAcIna abhilekhomAM tathA sAhityamAM 6 ThThI thI 12 mI sadI daramyAna eno nirdeza zaka saMvata tarIke thayo che ne tyAM ene ghaNI vAra zaka rAjAnA saMvata tarIke ke zaka rAjAnA rAjyAbhiSekanA saMvata tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. 20 A zaka rAjA koNa haze? bhAratanA prAcIna abhilekhomAM kuSANa vaMzanA lekha koI saMvatanA varSa 3 thI 80nA che, kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjAonA lekha varSa 41 thI 46 nA che ne kArdamaka kSatrapa rAjAonA lekha varSa 11 thI 320 nA che. A badhAM rAjyanA abhilekhamAM saMvatanuM nAma ApavAmAM AvyuM nathI. A paikI kAImaka kSatrapa rAjAonA abhilekhomAM ApelAM varSa zaka saMvatanAM che evuM lagabhaga sahu vidvAnoe svIkAryuM che. agAu A varSa para thI 312 maLyAM hatAM. AthI kSaharAta kSatraponAM varSa 41 thI 46 paNa e saMvatanAM hevAnuM ghaNuM viThAne mAnatA hatA.21 kSaharAta rAjA nahapAna (varSa 41-46) kAImaka rAjA cASTana(varSa para) ne puregAmI hoI e baMdha besatuM hatuM, paraMtu tAjetaramAM cASTananA samayano varSa 11 no abhilekha maLatAM laharAta kSatraponAM varSa A saMvatanAM na hoya ne prAyaH rAjyakAlanAM hoya evo mata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #206
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata 175 pratipAdita thayo che. A pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo zaka jAtinA hoya evuM paNa jaNAya che. AthI teoe vAparele saMvata ane pachIne zaka saMvata eka hovAnA saMbhavane samarthana maLe che. paraMtu kuSANa vaMzamAM kaniSka 1 lAnA samayathI je saMvata pracalita thayo, te saMvata kayo? A bAbatamAM vidhAmAM be mata pravarte che. keTalAka kaniSTha 1 le lagabhaga I. sa. 120 mAM gAdIe Avyo ne enA vaMzanA lekhomAM koI jude saMvata vaparAya che evuM mAne che, 24 jyAre bIjA keTalAka kaniSka 1 le I. sa. 78mAM gAdIe Avele ne zaka saMvata enA rAjyakAlathI zarU thaye evuM mAne che.25 kuSANo zaka jAtithI bhinna jAtinA hatA, paraMtu teonA rAjyamAM zarU thayele saMvata zaka jAtinA pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAoe traNa zataka jeTalA lAMbA kAla sudhI pracalita rAkhe, tethI mULamAM kuSANono hovA chatAM A saMvata AgaLa jatAM zakenA saMvata tarIke oLakhAya evuM dhArIne jAtibhedanA vAMdhAnuM samAdhAna sUcavAyuM che. 26 nahapAnanA abhilekhonAM varSone zaka saMvatanAM gaNatA ane kSaharAta rAjA bhUmaka ane nahapAnane kuSANa samrATonA sAmaMta gaNutA, tyAre A mata ghaNo grAhya jaNAto. paraMtu cASTananA samayanA (zaka) varSa 11 nA abhilekhanI zodha pachI, kuSANa lekhonAM varSa zaka saMvatanAM mAnIe to cASTanane kaniSka 1 lAno samakAlIna ane bhUmaka - nahapAnane e baMnenA pUrvakAlIna mAnavA paDe tema che. kaniSka pite saMvata zarU karyo hovAno koI ullekha maLyo nathI, enA vaMzajoe kaniSkanA rAjyakAlanAM varSonI saMkhyA saLaMga cAlu rAkhatAM enI hayAtI pachI saLaMga navo saMvata thayo e ghaNo saMbhava manAya che. te cAkhananA samayamAM kacchamAM vaparAyeluM varSa 11 kaniSkanA rAjyakAlanuM hoya evuM bhAgye ja saMbhave. jena anukRti pramANe te zakoe ujjainamAM vikramAdityanA vaMzajane mArIne 135 varSamAM potAno saMvata zarU karyo hato, 27 ne cATana ujjanane zaka rAjA hato. AthI eNe ane enA vaMzajoe vAparele saMvata enA rAjyakAlathI zarU thayo hoya e taddana saMbhavita che.28 A anusAra A saMvata ujanamAM zarU thayo ne pazcima bhAratamAM 300 thI vadhu varSa sudhI pracalita rahyI. tyAre A pradezano pracalita saMvata e ja hato, ethI enA nAmano nirdeza karavAnI jarUra jaNAI nahi hoya. 29 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #207
176 bhAratIya abhilekhavivA A saMvata AgaLa jatAM gujarAtamAM lupta thaye ne pachI dakhaNamAM pracalita thaye. De. mirAzI sUcave che ke mahiSa dezanA zaka rAjA mAnanA samayamAM zaka saMvata dakSiNamAM pracalita thaye.3deg zaka varSa 465 thI e dakhaNanA prAcIna cAlukyanA abhilekhomAM prayojAya che. 31 pachI rASTrakUToe ane e pachInA rAjavaMzoe paNa tyAM e saMvata cAlu rAkhe. AgaLa jatAM have zaka rAjAo sAtheno eno saMbaMdha vismRtimAM vilupta thatAM, dakhaNanA kapriya prAcIna rAjA zAlivAhananuM nAma A saMvata sAthe sAMkaLI devAmAM AvyuM ne tyArathI enAM varSa "zAlivAhana-kRta zaka tarIke oLakhAya che. A saMvata ujajanamAM zarU thaye ne vikrama saMvata pachI 135 varSa pracalita thayo. vaLI ujajana je bhAratIya jatiSanuM agrima kendra hatuM, AthI bhAratIya jyotiSIoe A saMvatane apanAvI lIdho.33 vaLI jaina lekhakone paNa e mAnIta saMvata banya34 vartamAna rASTriya paMcAgamAM paNa A saMvata. apanAvAya che.34 a zaka saMvatanAM varSa saMvata catrAdi gaNAya che. enA mAsa uttara bhAratamAM pUrNimAnta ane gujarAtamAM tathA dakSiNa bhAratamAM amAnta che. citrAdi vikrama saMvatanA varSa karatAM zaka saMvatanuM varSa 15 varSa moTuM hoya che. AthI vi.saM. nA citrAdi varSamAMthI 135 varSa bAda karatAM zaka varSa Ave che. kAnnikAdi vi.saM.nA varSamAMthI kArtikathI phAguna sudhImAM 135 ane rautrathI Azvina sudhImAM 134 bAda karatAM zaka saMvatanuM varSa Ave che. zaka varSa ane I. sa.nA varSa vaccenA taphAvatanI bAbatamAM, caitra suda 1 thI DiseMbaranI 31 mI sudhI zeka varSamAM 78 ane e pachI chellA be traNa mAsa daramyAna 79 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. vikrama, zaka ane IsvI varSane saMbaMdha A udAharaNathI vadhu spaSTa thaze ? kArikAdi vikrama eNTAdi vikama zaka saMvata I. sa. autra-Asa 2017 2028 1893 1971 kArtika-phAlyuna 2 028 2028 1893 1971-72. autra-A 2028 2020 1894 1972 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #208
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata 177 kalacuri saMvata ke cedi saMvata | tripurI(jabalapura pAse)nI AsapAsanA cedi dezanA kalacuri vaMzanA rAjAonA abhilekhomAM je saLaMga saMvata vaparAya che tene emAMnA keTalAka lekhomAM "kalayuri saMvata' ane bIjA keTalAka lekhomAM cedi saMvata' kahyo che.35 A abhilekha e saMvatanA varSa 722 thI 969 nA maLyA che.36 e agAunA koI lekhomAM kalayuri saMvata ke cedi saMvatanA nAmane nirdeza maLyo nathI. paraMtu dakSiNa gujarAtanA zaikUTaka rAjAonAM dAnazAsane (varSa 2017-245), mahAsAmaMta saMgamasiMhanuM dAnazAsana (varSa 292), kaTacuri rAjAonuM dAnazAsana (varSa 36 1) gurjaranRpationAM dAnazAsana (varSa 380-886). sendraka rAjAnuM dAnazAsana (varSa 406) ane navasArInA cAlukyonAM dAnazAsano (varSa 421-490)mAM 37 nAmanideza vinAne je saMvata vaparAya che te A saMvata hovAnuM jaNAya che. A saMvata e daramyAna mahArASTra ane madhya pradezanA samI pavatI bhAgamAM paNa pracalita hato.38 Ama A saMvata enI trIjI, cothI ane pAMcamI sadI daramyAna dakSiNa gujarAta ane ene samIpanA pradezomAM pracalita hato. AgaLa jatAM rASTrakaTonA samayamAM ahIM ene badale zaka saMvata vaparAtAM e ahIMthI lupta thaye, paraMtu uttarakAlIna kalacuri rAjyane vistAra thatAM e viMdhyapradeza, uttara pradeza ane madhya pradezamAM pracalita thaya39 ne kalacuri rAjyamAM e enI 8 mI sadIthI 10 mI sadI sudhI vaparAyo. tyAre e rAjavaMzanA nAma parathI "kalayuri saMvata' tarIke te pradezanA nAma parathI cedi saMvata' tarIke oLakhAyo. e agAu A saMvata kayA nAme oLakhAto e jANavA maLyuM nathI. devanI morI(ji. sAbarakAThAMnA bauddha stUpamAMnA dAkhaDA paranA lekhamAM kathika nRponuM varSa 127 jaNAvyuM che, te A saMvatanuM lAge che. to A saMvata tyAre kathika kAla tarIke oLakhAto haze. cedi dezanA kalacuri vaMzanA keTalAka lekhamAM ghaNuM mitio kalacuri-cedi saMvatanAM varSomAM ane keTalIka mitio vikrama saMvatanAM varSomAM ApavAmAM AvI che. 40 e parathI A saMvatano AraMbha IsvI trIjI sadInA madhyamAM thayo hovAnuM spaSTa thayuM. enA AdhAre A lekhonI mitiomAMnI vigatonI gaNatarI bhA. a. 12 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #209
178 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA karatAM kahone A saMvatanuM varSa 1 I. sa. 250 arthAta kharI rIte I. sa. 249-250 hevAnuM mAlUma paDyuM.41 kihone A saMvatanAM varSa prAya bhAdrapadAdi ane saMbhavataH AzvinAdi hovAnuM tAravyuM, paraMtu Do. mirAzIe A saMvatanI mitione vadhu abhyAsa karIne batAvyuM che ke enAM varSa kAnnikAdi che.43 vaLI emaNe evuM paNa darzAvyuM che ke A saMvatanuM vartamAna varSa 1 prAcIna abhilekhomAM I. sa. 249-250 nI barAbara Ave che, jyAre anukAlIna abhilekhomAM enI barAbara I. sa. 24-249nuM varSa Ave che.44 vaLI A saMvatanAM varSa prAyaH gata' gaNAtAM ne ethI prAcIna abhilekhomAMnA kalacuri saMvatanA gata varSamAM 249-250 umeravAthI I.sa. nuM varSa Ave.45 A saMvatanAM varSa kAnnikAdi hovAthI enI ane kArtikAdi vikrama saMvatanA varSanI vacce haMmezAM 306 varSano taphAvata rahe che. AthI kalacuri saMvatanA varSamAM 31 mI DiseMbara sudhI arthAt enA pahelA betraNa mahinA daramyAna 249 ane 1lI jAnyuArIthI arthAta bAkInA navadasa mahinA daramyAna 250 umeravAthI I.sa.nuM varSa Ave che. dA.ta. kalayuri saMvata 456 =vi. saM. 762 nA mAgha zudipa=rajI phebruArI, I.sa. 706 ane ka. saM. 486=vi. saM. 792 nA ASADha zudi 12=22mI jUna, I. sa. 736 Ave che. A saMvata cedi dezanA kalacuri vaMza zarU karyo manAya. paraMtu kalayurioe cedi dezamAM pitAnI sattA 7mI sadImAM prasArI. pUrvakAlIna kalacurio(kaTamyurio)nuM rAjya chaThThI sadI pahelAM sthapAyuM nahotuM, jyAre e agAunA rAjavaMza A saMvatane upayoga karatA hatA. emAM sahuthI vahelA TaukUTako che, paraMtu emanuM rAjya e saMvatanA varSa 150 pahelAM sthapAyuM nahotuM. AthI kUTae A saMvata agAunA ke rAjyamAMthI apanAvyo hovo joIe. Do. bhagavAnalAla IndrajIe A saMvata AbhIroe zarU karyo hovAnI kalpanA rajU karelI; phalITe A saMvata AbhIra rAjA Izvarasene zarU karyo hovAnuM sUcavyuM.45 a A rAjAne varSa 8 ne lekha nAsikamAM maLe che. 45 A De. mirAzIe A matane samarthana ApatAM sUcavyuM che ke Izvarasena purANomAM jaNAvelA AbhIra rAjavaMzane sthApaka haze ne TaukaTake 45 I zarUAtamAM e AbhIra rAjAonA sAmaMta haze. AbhIra rAjAoe A saMvata ke kaI saLaMga saMvata vAparyAno purAvo maLyo nathI, chatAM A sUcana asaMbhavita nathI. 45 I. A saMvata enI 10mI sadI pachI samULo lupta thaze. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #210
abhilekhomAM prayojAyelA saMvata 179 gupta saMvata ane valabhI saMvata magadhanA gupta samrATonA abhilekhAmAM eka bIja saMvata vaparAyo che. enAM varSa 1 thI 224 no nirdeza maLyo che.46 emAM keTalIka vAra varSone "guptonAM ane saMvatane guptakAla' tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. A saMvata gupta samrATonA sAmaMtoe tema ja te baMnenA keTalAka uttarAdhikArIoe paNa vAparyo che.48 gupta kALa daramyAna e uttara bhAratanA ghaNA pradezamAM temaja orissA baMgALA ane AsAmamAM paNa pracalita hato. - caMdragupta 2 jAnA mathurA staMbhalekhamAM e rAjAnA rAjyakAlanA varSa 5 mAM A kAla(saMvata)nuM varSa 61 cAlatuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. A parathI caMdragupta 2 jAnuM rAjyArohaNa gu. saM. pa7 mAM thayuM jaNAya che. guptavaMzamAM enI pahelAM gupta, ghaTotkaca, caMdragupta 1 le, samudragupta ane rAmagupta-eTalA rAjA thayA. e paikI pahelA be mAtra "mahArAja hatA, jyAre pachInA traNa "mahArAjAdhirAja' hatA. AthI A saMvata caMdragupta rajAnA pitAmaha ane samudraguptanA pitA caMdragupta 1 lAnA rAjyakAlathI zarU thaye jaNAya che.pa0. A saMvata kayA varSe zarU thayo ? araba lekhaka ala berunI (11mI sadI) noMdhe che ke gupta saMvata zaka saMvata pachI 241 varSe zarU thayo.51 gupta saMvatanAM varSa rautrAdi hatAM. A hisAbe gu. saM. 1=zaka varSa 242 (I. sa. 320-321) Ave. AthI gu. saMno varSamAM DiseMbaranI 31mI sudhI arthAta enA varSanA pahelA navadasa mahinA daramyAna 319 ane bAkInA betraNa mahinA daramyAna 320 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave. gupta saMvatanA mAsa pUrNimAnA hatA. caMdragupta rajAe I. sa. 400nA arasAmAM mALavA jItyuM ne ceDA vakhatamAM gujarAta para paNa gupta sAmrAjyanuM zAsana prasaryuM. jUnAgaDha zaila para sakaMdaguptanA samayano gu. saM. 136-138(I. sa. 455-457)no lekha kotarAyo che.para skaMdaguptanA mRtyu pachI gupta sAmrAjyanuM zAsana zithila thayuM ne gujarAtamAM maitraka vaMzanuM svataMtra rAjya sthapAyuM. A vaMzanAM ekasothI vadhu dAnazAsana maLyAM che. emAM varSa 183 thI 447 nI mitio ApavAmAM AvI che.pa3 A varSe sAthe enA saMvatanuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. AmAMnuM vahelAmAM vaheluM dAnazAsana (varSa 183) maitraka vaMzanA trIjA rAjA droNasiMhanuM che. AthI A saMvata maitraka vaMzanA sthApake paNa zarU karyo hoI zake nahi. arthAta maitraka rAjya A saMvRta agAunA rAjyamAMthI apanAvyo hato For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #211
180 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA joIe. AthI e gupta saMvata hevo joIe, jenAM varSa 16-138ne lekha jUnAgaDhamAM maLyo che. anu-maitraka kAla ane solaMkI kAlanA saurASTranA keTalAka abhilekhamAM "valabhI saMvata" nAme saMvata vaparAya che. saMvatanA nAmanirdezavALI A mitio va. saM. 500 thI 945 nI chepa4 ala berunIe paNa gupta saMvata uparAMta valabhI saMvatanI vAta karI che. eNe e be saMvatane judA gaNAvyA che, paraMtu baMneno AraMbha eka ja varSe (zaka saMvatanA 241 varSa) thayuM hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che.papa paNa utpattinI vAta karatAM A be saMvatane eka ja gaNato lAge che. e noMdhe che ke loko kahe che ke gupta duSTa ane jorAvara hatA ne jyAre teone aMta Avyo tyAre A saMvata zarU thaye; emAMne chelle rAjA valabha hato evuM lAge che." 5 paraMtu A bAbatamAM ala benIne kharI mAhitI maLI lAgatI nathI kema ke valabhInA rAjavaMzano sthApaka "valabha' nahote, e guptavaMzano nahato ne gupta saMvatano AraMbha gupta rAjAonA rAjyanA aMtathI nahi paNa abhyadayathI thayo hato. gupta saMvata uttara bhAratamAM betraNa zataka sudhI ja pracalita rahela, pachI gujarAtamAM e valabhInA trikonA rAjyamAM enA pAMcamA zataka sudhI cAlu rahyo ne e rAjyanA aMta pachI ya thoDA pramANamAM cheka enA dasamA zataka sudhI pracalita rahyo, paNa tyAre gupta rAjyanI vAta sAva visAre paDI gayelI ne A saMvata valabhInA rAjyamAM pracalita hovAnI ja smRti rahelI. AthI A saMvata gujarAtamAM maitrakanA kALa daramyAna ke pachInA kAlathI 'valabhI saMvata' tarIke oLakhAye lAge che. maitrakanAM dAnazAsanomAM enI saMkhyAbaMdha mitio ApelI che, paraMtu emAM tithinI sAthe vAra Apo na hovAthI enA varSa-AraMbha ane mAsa- aMtano nirNaya karavA mATe sUryagrahaNavALI eka ane adhikamAsavALI traNa mitio para AdhAra rAkhavo paDe che. A cAra mitionI gaNatarI parathI Do. hariprasAda zAstrIe tAravyuM che ke A dAnazAsanomAM vaparAyelA saMvatanAM varSa kAnnikAdi hatAM, enA mAsa pUrNimAna hatA, enA adhika mAsa brahmasiddhAMtamAM darzAvelI madhyama mAnanI paddhatie gaNAtA ne mAsanAM nAma "meSAdi paddhatie apAtAM.pa7 arjunadevanA verAvaLa zilAlekhamAM hijarI sana 662, vi.saM. 1320, va. phI ane siMha saMvata 15panI miti ApI che.pa8 e miti kAtti For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #212
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata 181 kAdi vi.saM. 1320 ane kArtikAdi va. saM. 845 nA pUrNimAnta AvADhanI hovAnuM mAluma paDayuM che.pa9 va. saM. 97nA verAvaLa pratimAlekhamAM jaNAvelI miti sAthe paNa vArane meLa kAnnikAdi varSa pramANe ja maLe che." A sarva parathI spaSTa thAya che ke valabhI saMvatanAM varSa kAtti kAdi hatAM, jyAre gupta saMvatanAM varSa gautrAdi hatAM, arthAta valabhI saMvata e gupta saMvatanuM varSa-AraMbhanA paddhatipheravALuM svarUpa che. valabhI saMvatanA varSa ane kArtikAdi vikrama saMvatanA varSa vacce 375 varSane ekasarakhe taphAvata rahe che. AthI valabhI saMvatanA varSamAM kA. su. 1 thI DiseMbaranI 31 mI sudhI arthAta enA pahelA betraNa mahinA daramyAna 318 ane 1 lI jAnyuArIthI A (pUrNimA kArtika) vadi 15 sudhI arthAt bAkInA navadasa mahinA daramyAna 319 umeravAthI I.sa.nuM varSa Ave che. Ano artha e thayo ke, valabhI saMvatanuM varSa gupta saMvatanA varSa karatAM pAMca mahinA vaheluM zarU thatuM. A taphAvata nIcenA kASThaka parathI vadhu spaSTa thaze : gusaM. va. saM. I. sa. caitra 18 3 183 502 183 183 502. 18 3 1/4 < 184 184 Azvina 183 502 kArtika 184 pauSa 502-503 phAlgana 183 50 3 184 184 503 Azvina 184 503 anu-maitraka kAla daramyAna pazcima saurASTranA siMdhava rAjyamAM "gupta saMvata' vaparAto hato. enAM varSa caitrAdi hatAM. AthI gupta saMvata eTale rautrAdi varSavALo asala gupta saMvata ane valabhI saMvata eTale cetrAdine badale kAnnikAdi varSanA paddhatipheravALe gupta saMvata e spaSTa thAya che. gupta saMvata valabhI saMvatanA svarUpe saurASTramAM thoDA pramANamAM enA dasamA zataka sudhI arthAta I.sa.nA 13mA saikA sudhI pracalita rahyo ne pachI samULage lupta thaI gayo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #213
182 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA * * *. IsvI sananI Arabhika sadI daramyAna bhAratamAM keTalAMka saMvatsara-cakra pracalita thayAM : A spatya savatsaracakra-60 varSanuM emAM A spatya savasarAnAM e cakra khAsa nAMdhapAtra che - eka 60 saMvatsarAnu ne khIjuM 12 saMvatsaranuM bRhaspati (gurune graha) ekeka rAzimAM lagabhaga eka varSa rahe che ne khAra varSe eka parikramaNa pUru kare che. enA ekeka rAzi-sakramaNanA samayane bAhaspatya saMvatsara gaNavAmAM Ave che te evA dareka saMvatsarane juduM juduM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. AvA 60 saMvatsarAnuM eka cakra gaNAya che ne e pUruM thatAM pharI e huM . nAmeAnuM punarAvartana thAya che. bAhaspatya saMvatsara saurava karatAM lagabhaga 4 divasa jeTale TUMkA hovAthI 85 saura varSamAM eka sa MvatsaranA kSaya thAya che.63 uttara bhAratamAM A saMvatsara-cakranA Ara Mbha vijaya saMvatsarathI gaNAya che. kharI rIte A savatsaranA Arabha bArhaspatya saMkrAMti pramANe gaNAvA joI e, paNa vyavahAramAM saura varSanA Ara Mbhe je bArhaspatya saMvatsara cAlatA hoya, te ja saMvatsara AkhA saura vanA gaNAya che. AthI amuka varSe eka saMvatsaranA kSaya thatA hoya che. 64 varAhamihire (I. sa. 505) viyAdi saMvatsarAne ullekha karyo che, 65 dakSiNa bhAratamAM bArhaspatya saMvatsara vadhu pramANamAM pracalita che, paraMtu tyAM gaNAtA savatsara kharekhara bArhaspatya nathI. tyAM te saura vane bAhu spatya nAma ApIne A spatya mAnI levAmAM Ave che. AthI emAM saMvatsarane kSaya thatA nathI. tyAM saMvatsaracakranA AraMbha prabhava saMvatsarathI gaNAya che, je uttara bhAratanA vijayAdi saMvatsareAmAM 35me! sa Mvatsara che. 66 A savasarAnA ullekha uttara bhAratanA abhilekhAmAM kavacit Ave che, jyAre dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhemAM e ghaNI vAra prayeAjAyA che. nAgArjunIkAMDA(AMdhra pradeza)nA e abhilekha, je 3thI-4thI sadInA che, temAM vijaya saMvatsarane ullekha thayA che. cha hajI ApaNAM paMcAgeAmAM vikrama saMvatanA varSoM sAthe tema ja zaka sa'vatanA varSa sAthe te te saMvatsaranuM nAma prayeAjAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #214
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata 183.. bAhupatya saMvatsaracakra - 12 varSanuM bRhaspati potAnuM parikramaNa 12 saura varSe pUruM kare che, emAM e dara : rAzimAM lagabhaga eka varSa rahe che. A parathI 12 bArhaspatya saMvatsaranuM cakra paNa pracalita thayuM. parivrAjaka mahArAja hastInA gu. saM. 16 (I. sa. 482-83)nA dAnapatramAM "mahAzvayuja saMvatsara, kadaMba rAjA mRgezavama (5mI sadI)nA varSa 3 nA dAnapatramAM pauSa saMvatsarIne, hastInA gu. saM. 191(I. sa. 510-11) nA dAnapatramAM "mahAtra saMvatsarIne, rAjA saMbhanA gu. saM. 209(I. sa. para8-29)nA tAmrapatramAM mahAzvayuja saMvatsarIne, ane hastInA samayanA bhImarA staMbhalekhamAM "mahAmAgha saMvatsarano, ullekha Ave che.68 A saMvatsara 12 varSanA bAhaspatya saMvatsara-cakranAM che. emAM dareka saMvatsarane te te cAMdra mAsanuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che, paNa ghaNI vAra enI pahelAM "mahA' zabda umeravAmAM Ave che. bRhaspatino jyAre je nakSatramAM udaya thAya che tyAre te nakSatra parathI tene te te cAMdra mAsanuM nAma ApavAmAM Ave che. kRttikA ke rohiNI parathI mahAkArtika, mRgazira ke A parathI mahAmArgazIrSa, punarvasu ke puSya parathI mahApauSa, aleSA ke madhA parathI mahAmAgha, pUrvAphAlganI uttarAphAlganI ke hasta parathI mahAphAguna, citrA ke svAti parathI mahAcatra, vizAkhA ke anurAdhA parathI mahAyeSTha, pUrvASADhA ke uttaraSADhA parathI mahASADha, zravaNa ke dhaniSThA parathI mahAzrAvaNa, zatabhiSA pUrvAbhAdrapadA ke uttarabhAdrapadA parathI mahAbhAdrapada ane revatI azvinI ke bharaNI parathI mahAzvayuja saMvatsara kahevAmAM Ave che. 9 12 saura varSa daramyAna guru 11 vAra udaya pAme che, mATe 12 saura varSamAM eka bArhaspatya saMvasarano ye thAya che. A saMvatsaracakra pAMcamI-sAtamI sadI daramyAna pracalita hatuM. e pachI sAmAnya vyavahAramAM e lupta thaI gayuM. chatAM dezanA keTalAka bhAgamAM paMcAMgamAM haja pracalita rahyuM che. saptarSi ke laukika saMvata saptarSi nAme tArA dareka nakSatramAM sense varSa rahe che ema mAnIne. ra700 varSanuM eka cakra yojavAmAM AvyuM che. emAM nakSatranuM nAma ApavAmAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #215
184 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA AvatuM nathI ne sAmAnya rIte varSa 1thI 100 sudhI ja lakhavAmAM Ave che, jayAre e pachI zatakanA aMka adhyAhAra rAkhavAmAM Ave che. kAzmIramAM A saMvata lokomAM pracalita thaye, tethI ene "lokika kAla ke "laukika saMvata' kahe che. zAstromAM tathA jotiSanAM paMcAgomAM e vaparAyo mATe ene "zAstra saMvata' kahe che. kAramIra ane paMjAbanA pahADI pradezamAM pracalita hovAthI e "pahADI saMvata' tarIke oLakhAya che. enA varSanI saMkhyAmAM zatakanA aMka choDIne mAtra ekama ane dazakanA aMka lakhAya che. tethI e "kacA saMvata paNa kahe che.70 saptarSi dareka nakSatramAM so-so varSa rahe che evuM bRhatasaMhitA, viSNupurANa ane bhAgavatapurANa jevA keTalAka prAcIna graMthamAM lakhyuM hovA chatAM jyotiSa zAstranI daSTie e yathArtha nathI.71 kalhaNa-kRta rAjataraMgiNI(12mI sadI)mAM jaNAvyuM che ke laukika saMvatanA varSa 24(vartamAna)mAM zaka saMvatanuM varSa 1070 (gata) cAle che. 72 A varSa 24 e ka224 hovAnuM jaNAya che. A A anusAra laukika saMvatanA vartamAna varSa ane zaka saMvatanA gata varSa vacce 3154 varSano taphAvata Ave che. arthAta laukika saMvatanA varSamAMthI 3154 bAda karatAM zaka varSa Ave. emAM zatakanI saMkhyA adhyAhAra hoya to emAMthI 54 bAda karatAM ke 46 umeratAM zaka varSanA chellA be aMka Ave. vaLI laukika saMvata kaliyuga saMvata 25 mAM zarU thayo manAya che. e rIte paNa eno AraMbha I. pU 3076(zaka saMvata pUrve 3154)mAM gaNAya. lau. saM. 4224=za. saM. 1070 arthAta I. sa. 1148-49 Ave. AthI laukika saMvatanA varSanA chellA be aMkamAMthI 7576 bAda karatAM ke emAM 24-25 umeratAM I. sa. nA varSanA chellA be AMkaDA Ave. kAzmIranAM paMcAgomAM ane kaI pustakomAM saptaSi saMvatane varSanI pUrI saMkhyA ApavAmAM Ave che.3 dA. ta. zaka varSa 115 arthAta vi.saM. 1850 mAM saptarSi saMvatanuM varSa 4869 cAlatuM hovAnuM manAya che. A parathI saptaSi saMvatane AraMbha I.pU. 3077 mAM thayo gaNAya emAM abhipreta 2700 varSanuM eka cakra pachIthI kalpAyuM hoya, to eno AraMbha I.pu. 377 mAM thaye gaNAya. paraMtu A saMvatanI kalpanA eTalIya prAcIna hovI saMbhavatI nathI. A laukika saMvata IsvI sananI AraMbhika sadIo daramyAna pracalita thayo hoI zake. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #216
abhilekhAmAM prAjAyelA savata 185 saptaSi saMvatanAM va rautrAdi che te enA mAsa pUrNimAnta che. enAM varSI prAya 'vartamAna' gaNAya che. hAla A saMvatanA upayAga kAzmIra ane enI AsapAsanA pahADI pradezeAmAM sImita thayA che. grahaparivRtti savatsaracakra A 90 varSoMnuM cakra che ene Arabha I. pU. 24mAM thayeA manAya che,74 paraMtu enI eTalI prAcInatAne koI purAvA maLyA nathI. saptaSi sa MvatanAM varSAnI jema A sa MvatsareAnI sa MkhyAmAM zatakanA aMka cheDI devAmAM Ave che ne 90 varSa pUrAM thatAM pharI 1 thI gaNavAmAM Ave che. A saMvata khAsa karIne tamiLanADu rAjyanA madurAi jillAmAM pracalita che. * evI rIte A samaya daramyAna purAtana ghaTanAnA samayathI zarU thayA gaNAtA keTalAka paurANika ke sAMpradAyika saMvata pracalita thayA : kaliyuga savata * jayotiSanA graMthAmAM tathA paMcAMgAmAM kaliyuga saMvatanAM vadhu ApavAmAM Ave che.7pa enA AraMbha I. pU. 3102 mAM thayA manAya che. paraMtu A saMvatanA ullekha I.sa.nI Arabhika sadIothI thayA che. kaliyuga saMvata ane zaka saMvatanAM varSo vacce 3179 varSanA taphAvata che. AthI ka. sa. nA varSa mAMthI pahelA navadasa mahinA daramyAna 3101 ane chellA be traNa mahinA daramyAna 3100 bAda karavAthI I.sa.nuM varSa Ave che. dA.ta. zaka varSa 1894(autrAdi vi. saM. 2029)mAM kaliyuga saMvatanuM varSa 5073 hovAnu manAya che, jyAre I. sa. 1972-73 Ave che. cAlukaya rAjA pulakezI 2 jAnA aiALe zilAlekhamAM bhArata yuddhanuM va 3735 ane zaka saMvatanuM varSa 556 jaNAvyuM che. A be varSa vacce 3179 varSanA taphAvata che. Ama emAM bhArata yuddha kaliyuganA Ara Mbhe thayuM hovAnu manAyuM che. arthAt kaliyuga saMvata ane bhAratayuddha saMvata ahIM eka ja manAyA che. bhArata yuddha samApta thatAM tarata ja yudhiSDiranA rAjyAbhiSeka thayA gaNAya che. AthI ene yudhiSDira saMvata' paNa kahe che. bhAratayuddha ke yudhiSThira saMvata paraMtu bhAratayuddha ane yudhiSThiranA rAjyAbhiSeka kharI rIte kaliyuganA Arabha pachI 653 varSa thayAM hAvAneA mata vadhu pracalita che. varAhamihira For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #217
186 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA yudhiSThiranA rAjyanA AraMbha zaka kAla pahelAM 2526 varSa thayA hovAnu jaNAve ane pAMDavA kaliyuganAM 653 che tema ja rAsataraMgiNI mAM kaheNa paNa kuru varSa vItye thayA hovAnuM spaSTa kare che.7 A parathI A saMvatanA AraMbha kaliyuga saMvatanA AraMbha pachI 653 vaSe arthAt I. pU. 2449mAM thayo gaNAya. e gaNatarIe A saMvatanA varSoMmA~thI 2447-48 bAda karavAthI I. sa. nu vadhu Ave. vaLA purANAmAM parIkSitanA janma ane mahApadma naMdanA rAjyAbhiSeka vacce 1050 (ke 1015 ke 1115ke 1500) vanA gALeA hovAnuM jaNAvyu che.78 parIkSitane janma bhArata yuddha pachI thADA mAsamAM thayA hatA ne mahApadmanA rAjyAbhiSeka cadragupta mauyanA rAjyArANa (lagabhaga I.pU. 323) pahelAM theADA dasakA para thayA hatA, A gaNatarIe te| bhArata yuddha I. pU. 1400, 1500 ke 1900thI vahelu thayuM na heAI zake. AthI vastutaH bhAratayuddha ke yudhiSThira rAjyAbhiSekanA nizcita samaya tAravavA muzkela che. jInirvANa saMvata bauddha deromAM AgaLa jatAM bhagavAna buddhanA nirvANa(parinirvANa)thI zarU thayelA manAtA saMvata pracalita thayA. ene 'jInirvANa saMvata' kahe che. paraMtu muddatu nirvANa thaye keTalAM varSa thayAM e bAbatamAM judAjudA dezamAM judIjudI mAnyatA pracalita che. sileAna(zrIlakA)mAM tathA ene anusarI brahmadeza (barmA) ane siyAma(thAI laeNnDa)mAM yunirvANa I. pU. 544 mAM thayuM hovAnuM manAya che. cInanI anuzrutimAM ene samaya I. pU. 638 mAM mukAya che. 81 qAhvAna vaLI emAM I. pU. 1097 mAM gaNe che.82 paraMtu phaeNnTonanI paraMparA anusAra yuddhanuM nirvANa I. pU. 486 mAM thayuM. 83 arvAcIna vidvAneA enA samaya I. pU. 483 ne AMke che.84 vIranirvANu saMvata evI rIte jenAmAM chellA tIthaMkara mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANathI 'jinakAla' ke 'vIra-nirvANa sa Mvata' gaNavAnuM AgaLa jatAM pracalita thayuM che. cAlu anuzruti pramANe vIra nirvANa vi. sa. pUrve` 470 ane zaka saMvata pUrve 605 varSe arthAt I. pU. paracha mAM thayuM manAya che.85 keTalAka digaMbara lekhakoe zakarAjane vikramA samajI vIranirvANlR vi. saM. pUrve 605 varSe arthAt I. pU. 662 mAM thayAnu jaNAvyuM che.86 koI digabara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #218
abhilekhomAM prajAyelA saMvata 187 lekhakee vaLI e zaka saMvata pahelAM 9795 ke 14793 varSa pahelAM thayuM hovAnuM paNa lakhyuM che ! 87 arvAcIna saMzodhana anusAra mahAvIra svAmInA nirvANano samaya gaNavAmAM AgaLa jatAM 60 varSa vadhAre gaNAyAM che ne ethI vIranirvANa kharI rIte I. pU. 467 mAM thayuM hatuM.88 A anusAra A saMvatanI prAcIna mitio I. pU. 467 pramANe ane. uttarakAlIna mitio I. pU. para7 pramANe baMdha bese. AguptAyika saMvata sAtamI sadInA madhyamAM dakhaNamAM eka bIje saMvata vaparAyo che. rASTrakUTa rAjA deja-mahArAjanA gokAka tAmrapatramAM "AguptAyika rAjAonuM varSa 845' ApavAmAM AvyuM che.89 lipinA moDa parathI A dAnazAsana 7mI sadInA madhyanuM lAge che. dejaja-mahArAja prAyaH cAlukya pulakezI 2 jAnA mRtyu (I. sa. 642) ane vikramAditya 1 lAnA rAjakAraNa (I. sa. 655). vaccenA gALA daramyAna rAjya karato hato evuM lAge che. to A saMvata prAyaH lagabhaga 645 pahelAM 845 varSa para arthAta I. pU. 200 mAM zarU thaye gaNAya paraMtu bhAratamAM I. pU. paNa pahelAM koI saMvata vAstavamAM pracalita thayuM hoya evuM bhAgye ja saMbhavita che. AthI A saMvata deja-mahArAjanA samayamAM (7 mI sadImAM) 845 varSa pahelAMnI koI ghaTanAne anulakSIne pracalita karAya haze,89 pAdaTIpa 1. eka sikkA para varSa 147 vaMcAyu che ne e varSa selyuki saMvatanuM hovAnuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che, paraMtu e pATha samULo saMdigdha che (IE,. p. 244). 2. IE, p. 281 3. Pandey, op. cit., p. 195 4. IE, p. 282 5. vigato mATe juo upara pR. 156. 6. juo upara pR. 157. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #219
188 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 7. IA, Vol. XIX, p. 35. seMdhava rAjA jAIkadevanuM dhINakI (ji. jAmanagara) tAmrapatra vikrama saMvata 794 nuM varSa Ape che, paraMtu e tAmra patra banAvaTI nIkaLyuM che (mitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pR. 234). c. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 195 ff.; IE, pp. 251 ff. EUR. Pandey, ibid., p. 197; IE, p. 251 10. IE, p. 253 11. IE, pp. 255_f. 12. IE, pp. 254 ff. 23. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 198 ff. 14-15. Ibid, pp. 191 ff. 16. AthI gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAnA hiMdI anuvAdamAM emano janma bhAdaravA vadane badale Aso vadamAM thayo hovAnuM lakhe che. 17. mAAtri, pR. 170; IE, p. 266 18, IE, p. 262 19-20. Pandey, op. cit., p. 187 21. IE, p. 260 - 22. alabatta kSaharAta vaMzano nAza ane kArdamaka vaMzamAM cASTanI sAthe enA putra jayadAmAM pachI enA putra rudradAmAnA sahazAsana (varSa para) mATe che varSane gALo ghaNo TUMko lAgato hato. 23. gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 2, pR. 111-112 24. dA. ta. Pandey, op. cit., p. 195 25. dA. ta., D. C. Sincar, IE, p. 261 28. Ibid., p. 262 27, vacALavicaLI, vIranirvAna saMvat thara jaina kATamALanA, pR. 6 1, pa. TI. 44; Pandey, op. cit., p. 186 26. Pandey, op.cit., p. 180 29, hAla paNa dA. ta., gujarAtamAM "saMvata' kahetAM vikrama saMvata ja samajAya che, 30. V. V. Mirashi, "Studies in Indology', Vol. II, pp. 95 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #220
abhilekhAmAM pratyeAjAyelA savata 189 31. IE, pp. 259 f., n. 2. kAMcImAM siMhasUrie chevimAnanI samAptimAM zakeAnu varSa 380 AvyuM che (Ibid., p. 263, n. 1). 32. IE, pp. 264 f. 33. Ibid., pp. 263 f. 34. Ibid., p. 263 34 a, paraMtu enI sAthe niyata sa khyAvALA saura mAsa apanAvavAmAM AvyA che, jemAM I. sa. nI jema dara cAra varSe khruta vaSa gaNIne, pahelA mAsamAM eka divasa vadhAre guNavAmAM Ave che. 35. V. V. Mirashi, C. I. I., Vol. IV, Introduction, p. xxii 36. Ibid., pp. xi, xxi-xxii 37-38. C. I. I., Vol. IV, Nos. 8-30 39. Mirashi, op. cit., pp. xi, xxvi ff. 40. Mirashi, op. cit., pp. xxi-xxii 4i. IA, Vol. XVII, pp. 215 ff. 42. IA, Vol. XVII, pp. 215 ff. 43. Mirashi, op.cit., pp. xi-xiv 44. Ibid, pp. xi-xxii 45. Ibid., pp. xi-xiii 45 a. JRAS, 1905, pp. 566 ff. 45 A. C. I. I., Vol. IV, No. 1 45 . Mirashi, op. cit., pp. xxv-xxvi 45 I. I. E., p. 283. vaLI jo A saMvata pahelAM kathika rAjAeAnA nAme eLakhAyA hoya te| e e rAjavaMze pravartAvyA heAya. paNa kathika rAjavaMza vize kaI mAhitI upalabdha nathI. 46. S. I., Book III, Nos. 9-39 samudraguptanAM varSe 5 ane 9 nAM dAnazAsana maLyAM che, paNa e banAvaTI che (S.I., Book III, Nos. 4-5). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #221
190 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 89. Pandey, op. cit., pp. 203 f. 48. I. E., p. 284 49, S. I, Book III, No. 9 40. Pandey, op. cit. pp. 207 f. 49. Sachau, "Alberuni's India," Part II, p. 7. A taphAvatanI saMkhyA yAda rAkhavA mATe e 63+ pa (=ra76 - 25) nuM sUtra paNa Ape che. para, S. I, Book III, No 25 53. gu. e. le, bhA. 1, lekha 16 thI 96 54. gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci, khaMDa 2, lekha 17, 148, 258, 259, 303 ane 39ra. 44. Sachau, op. cit., p. 5 56. Ibid, p. 6 pa7, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 574-585 58. gu. e. le, bhA. 3, lekha 217 59. ma. gu, bhA. 2, pR. 582-583 60. ejana, pR. 582 61. ejana, pR. 181 6ra, ejana, pR. 586 63. mAprAjhi, pR. 188; I. E., p. 267 58. Pillai, "Indian Chronology," p. 39 65. vRhatasaMhitA, 3. 8, Ro. 20 66. saMvatsarenI yAdI mATe juo majhAi, g. 188. 67. I. E., p. 269 68. I. E., p. 289 - 69. mAprAjhi, pR. 187 : c0. gjhana, pR. 11. hAla rojiMdA vyavahAramAM ApaNe dA.ta. I. sa. 197ra ne badale 'chara lakhIe chIe. 71. gana, pR. 11, TI. 7 72. ta 1, *o. para For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #222
abhilekhe!mAM pratyeAjAyelA savata 191 72 a. M.A. Stein, 'Kalhana's Rajatarangini," Introduction, pp. 58 ff. 73. mAtrA,i rR. 11, TI, 8-1 94. nana, rR. 182; I.E., p. 323 95. 18mI phebruArInA prAta:kAlamAM (mAtrAhi, pR. 161) 76. mAtrAdghi, rR. 161, TI. 4 77. 66, pR. 162; I. E., pp. 318 f. 98. mAtrAhi, rR. 162, TI. ; I. E., p. 319, n. 3 79. vaMzAvaLIonA AdhAre pATira teA enA samaya I. pU. 950 nA arasAnA AMke che (" Ancient Indian Historical iradition, ' pp. 179 ff). 80, mAtrAhi, pR. 164; I. E., p. 322. bhAratamAM khu. ni. nA 2500mA varSanI jayaMtI A anuzrutinA AdhAre UjavAI. li 83-84, mAtrA, rR. 164; I. E., pp. 322 f. 85-87, mAtrAhi, 6. 163; E. I., pp. 321 f. 8. vAgiganI, nIniyALa saMta kaura Una zvAnA', rR. 160 mAM khita DaoN. yAkobI tathA DaoN. cArarpeTiyaranA mata. kalyANavijayajI darzAve che ke balamitre (vikramAditye) ujjanamAM peAtAnI sattA vI. ni. 457 mAM sthApI, paraMtu vi.sa. nA AraMbha e pachI 13 varSe arthAt vI. ni. 470 mAM thayA (g. 4-60). paraMtu jaina AgamanI vAlabhI vAcanAmAM A bAbatamAM evI gerasamaja thaI ke vikramAdityanA rAjayane Ara Mbha vI. ni. 47 mAM ane vi. sa.nA AraMbha vI. ni. 483 mAM thayA. AthI A 13 varSanI mUlane laI ne vAlabhI vAcanAnI paraMparAmAM vIra virvANa vi. sa. pUrve 470(I. pU. para7)ne badale vi. sa. pR. 483 (I. pu. 540)mAM mAnavAmAM Ave che (rR. 144-147). 89. E. I., Vol. XXI, p. 289 89 a. I. E., pp. 325 f. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #223
13. | abhilekhomAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) kalacuri-cedi saMvata ane gupta-valabhI saMvatanI jema bIjA navA saMto pravartAvavAnI paraMparA cothI sadI pachI paNa cAlu rahI, je keTalAMka rAjyomAM nIce pramANe phaLIbhUta thaI?-- gaMga ke gAMgeya saMvata kaliMganagara(ji. gaMjAma) nA pUvI gaMga vaMzanA abhilekhomAM gaMga saMvata ke gAMgeya saMvata vaparAye. enI pahelavahelI miti e vaMzanA Adha rAjA IndravamanA varSa 39 nA tAmrapatramAM maLI che. e rAjA chaThThI sadInA AraMbhamAM rAja karato hato. enA vaMzanI sattA 9 mI sadI sudhI sAbUta rahI ne tyAM sudhI A rAjyamAM gAMgeya saMvata pracalita rahyo. AgaLa jatAM A saMvatane spaSTataH "gAMgeya" saMvata tarIke oLakhAvyuM che. dasamI sadImAM A pUrI gaMga vaMzanI sattAne asta thaya ne tyAM mAyasoranA cakravatI gaMga vazanI sattA pravatI A navA rAjyamAM gaMga saMvatanI sAthe zaka saMvata vaparAvA lAgyo ne 11 mI sadImAM gaMga saMvatano upayoga sadaMtara baMdha thayo. Ama A saMvata lagabhaga pAMca sadI jeTalo samaya cAlyo. agAu lipinA maroDa parathI gAMgeya saMvatano AraMbha I. sa. 570 nA arasAmAM thayo gaNAto. paraMtu pachI devendravarmAnA samayane gaMga varSa para0 nA tAmrapatrane enA pitA anaMtavamanA zaka varSa 917 nA tAmrapatra sAthe sarakhAvatAM, gaMga saMvata zaka varSa 391(I. sa. 475) pachI DAM varSamAM zarU thayo hovAnuM jANavA maLyuM che.' A parathI I. sa. 500 nI AsapAsanAM varSonI gaNatarI karatAM gAMgeya saMvatano AraMbha I. sa. 496 mAM ke 497 mAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #224
abhilekhAmAM pratyeAjAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 193 ke 498 mAM thayA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che.pa A paikI amuka varSe nizcita karavu hAla muzkela che. 6 OMoN. mirAzInA mata mujaba enAM varSe cautrAdi ane enA mAsa amAnta che.7 a'zuvarmAtA savata nepAlamAM pahelAM zaka saMvata cAlatA hatA. azruvamAMnuM rAjyAre haNa zaka pa01 mAM thayuM tyAre enA samayamAM varSa 1 thI zarU karIne navA saMvata gaNavAmAM AngeA. A saMvatane keTalAke haSa` saMvata mAnele, paraMtu e ha saMvatathI thADeA vaheleA zarU thayelA judA saMvata che. je azruvamAMnA abhilekhAnAM va 34-45 harSa saMvatanAM heAya te e rAjA I. sa. 651 sudhI rAjya karatA gaNAya, jyAre yuana svAMge I.sa. 637 mAM enA ullekha bhUtapUrva rAjA tarIke karyo che. AthI A saMvata aMzuvarmAnA rAjyanA varSa 1 thI arthAt zaka 501(I. sa. 179) thI zarU thayA jaNAya che. ene aMzuvarmAnA saMvata kahI zakAya. zaka saMvatanA varSoMmAMthI 500 bAda karatAM A saMvatanAM varSa Ave che. AthI ene AraMbha zaka 501(I. sa. pa79)mAM thayA gaNAya. enAM varSa 34 thI 153 nA lekha maLyA che. a hu saMvata araba lekhaka ala merunI (11mI sadI) vikrama, zaka, gupta ane vaMlabhA saMvata uparAMta ha`saMvatane! paNa ullekha kare che. enA samayamAM e mathurA-kanAja pradezamAM vaparAtA. saMvata A ha kaneAjanA cakravatI hu` che. enAM e dAnapatra maLyAM che : (1) vaSaeN 22 nu ane (2) vaSaeN 25 nuM.10 A varSe spaSTataH enA rAjyakAlanAM che. harSoMnA pratyakSa saMpaka mAM AvelA cInI pravAsI yuana zvAMge haSa vizenI noMdhamAM eNe potAnA sa Mvata zarU karyAM hAvAnu jaNAvyuM nathI. paraMtu ala berunInA jaNAvyA mujaba harSa` saMvata 11mI sadI sudhI pracalita hatA. A parathI phalita thAya che ke hanA mRtyu pachI enA sAmAe hanA rAjyakAlanAM varSAne saLaMga AgaLa calAvI enA nAmanA saMvata prayAyA hovA joIe. uttarakAlIna gupta vaMzatA rAjA Adityasena je hanA sAmaMta mAdhavaguptane putra hatA, tenA abhilekhamAM ApeluM varSa 66 tulanAtmaka kAlagaNanAnA AdhAre bhA. a. 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #225
194 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA harSa saMvatanuM jaNAyuM che.11 evI rIte varSa 48, 73, 83, 143, 184, ra07, 218, 258, 276, 298 ane 563 nA amuka abhilekhamAM ApelAM varSa paNa e AdhAre harSa saMvatanAM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 12 A lekha rAjarathAna, paMjAba ane madhya pradezamAM maLyA che. nepAlanI vaMzAvaLAo pramANe tyAMnA rAjA aMzuvarmAnA rAjyArohaNa pahelAM vikramAdita nepAla ApIne tyAM pitAne saMvata pravartAvelo. A parathI aMzuvarmAnA abhilekhonAM upalabdha varSa 34 thI 45 ne temaja enA vaMzajenA lekhonAM varSa 48 thI 153 ne keTalAka harSa saMvatanAM mAne che. 13 paraMtu agAu jaNAvyA mujaba e vapa harSa saMvatathI thoDAM varSa vahele, prAyaH zaka 501(I. sa. pa79)mAM, zarU thayelA saMvatanAM che. harSa saMvatanA AraMbhavarSanI bAbatamAM ala berunI seMdhe che ke mathurAkane ja pradezanA keTalAka rahevAsIonA jaNAvyA mujaba zrIharSa ane vikramAditya vacce 400 varSanuM aMtara che, jayAre kAzmIranA paMcAgamAM zrIharSi vikramAditya pachI 6 64 va thayo hovAnuM lakhe che. 14 chatAM e A bemAM vi. pU. 400 nA matane svIkAravAnuM valaNa dharAve che. 5 cakravata harSane itihAsa tapAsatAM mAlUma paDe che ke yuena svAMga enuM rAjyArohaNa I.sa. 64ra pahelAM 36 varSe arthAta I.sa. 606mAM jaNAve che, jyAre yuana svAMganA jIvanacarita anusAra I. sa. 642 mAM enA rAjyAraMbhane 30 varSa thayAM hatAM eTale ke enuM rAjyArohaNa I.sa. 61ramAM thayuM hatuM. A 6 varSanA pheranuM kAraNa e lAge che ke harSa thANezvaranI bApIkA gAdIe I. sa. 606 mAM Avelo, paraMtu e cakravatI tarIke kanojamAM sattArUDha 6 varSa pachI I.sa. 612 mAM thayo hato. 16 A hakIkatanA prakAzamAM ala benInAM vidhAna tapAsatAM mAlUma paDe che ke harSa saMvata vi. saM. 663(I.sa. 606)mAM zarU thayo hovo joIe ne AthI ala berunIe e bAbatamAM noMdhelI kAzmIranA paMcAMganI paraMparA kharI gaNAya. AthI vi. sa. pUrve 400 ne mata agrAhya kare che. A saMvatanAM varSa citrAdi ane enA mAsa pUrNimAnta lAge che. harSa saMvata rAjasthAna-paMjAbamAM khAsa karIne lagabhaga 300 varSa (lagabhaga I. sa. 906 sudhI) ane ceDA pramANamAM cheka lagabhaga sADA pAMcaso-chaso For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #226
195 abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) varSa (lagabhaga I.sa. 1200 sudhI) 7 pracalita rahyo ne e pachI sadaMtara lupta thaI gayo. kalama saMvata A saMvata kerala rAjyamAM tathA tamiLanADu rAjyanA samI pavata bhAgamAM arthAta kanyAkumArI ane tirunelavelI jillAmAM saikAothI pracalita che. ene tamiLa bhASAmAM kalama 6" (pazcimI varSa) ane saMskRta bhASAmAM "kolaMba saMvata kahe che. malabAranA loko ene parazurAmane saMvata kahe che ne ene 1000 varSanuM cakra mAne che. A anusAra enAM varSa 1 thI 1000 gaNAya che, e cakra pUruM thatAM pharI varSa 1 thI gaNavAmAM Ave che ne e rIte hAla enuM cothuM cakra cAle che. 18 paraMtu I. sa. 1825 mAM enAM 1000 varSa pUrAM thayA pachI paNa 1001, 1002 ema saLaMga saMkhyA cAlu rahelI che, AthI 1000 varSanA cakrane lagatI mAnyatA yathArtha lAgatI nathI. parazurAmane lagatI mAnyatA paNa pracalita saMvatane AgaLa jatAM paurANika pAtro sAthe sAMkaLavAnI vRttinuM ja pratibiMba pADe che. 19 A saMvata kolama ra0 zaheranI sthApanAnI yAdagIrImAM zarU thayo evuM paNuM manAya che. paraMtu A saMvata I. sa. 824-825nA arasAmAM zarU thaye jaNAya che, jyAre kelama zaheranA ullekha 7 mI sadI sudhInA prApta thayA che. 22 chatAM A saMvatanA nAma parathI ene kelama zahera sAtheno saMbaMdha sUcita thAya che, AthI A saMvata e nagaranA punanirmANa nA samaye zarU thayo hoya evuM saMbhave. 23 A saMvatano sathI ja abhilekha varSa 149 no maLyo che.24 vira ravivarmAnA trivendrama zilAlekhamAM kaliyuga saMvatanA vartamAna varSa 4702 barAbara kelama saMvatanuM varSa cha76 ApyuM che. e parathI e be saMvata vacce 3925 varSane taphAvata hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 25 - kalama saMvatavALA keTalAka abhilekhamAM ApelAM varSa, saMkrAMti, divasa, vAra vagerenI vigatonI gaNatarI parathI Do. kahone kellama saMvatamAM 824-825 umeravAthI I. sa. Ave evuM nakkI karyuM che.26 A saMvatanAM varSa saura ane vartamAna che. keralanA uttara bhAgamAM A varSa kanyA saMkrAntithI zarU thAya che, je lagabhaga bhAdaravA(sapTebara)mAM Ave che For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #227
196 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ne enA dakSiNa bhAgamAM tathA tirunelavelI jillAmAM e siMha saMkrAtithI zarU thAya che, je lagabhaga zrAvaNa(gasTa)mAM Ave che. uttaramAM enA mAsa kanyA, tulA, vRzcika...vagere saMkrAntinA nAme oLakhAya che, jyAre dakSiNamAM e avanI, purattasI, aiSmasI, kArtikaI mAgelI, tAI mAsI, pAnagunI, cittiraI, kAsI, AnI ane ADI-evAM nAme oLakhAya che. A nAma cAMda mAsanAM tamiLa nAma che. kalama saMvatanA varSamAM 31 mI DiseMbara sudhI arthAta pahelAM traNacAra mahinA daramyAna 8ra4 ane e pachI badhA vakhata 825 umeravAthI I.sa. nuM varSa Ave che. dA.ta. kolama saMvatanuM uttarI varSa 1086 (vartamAna) 17mI sapTembara, 1910 nA roja zarU thayuM ane 16mI sapTembara, 1971 nA roja pUruM thayuM. enA bAra mAsa hatA. emAM kanyA mAsa 30, tulA mAsa 30, vRzcika mAsa 29, dhana mAsa 30, makara mAsa 29, kuMbha mAsa 30, mIna mAsa 30, meSa mAsa 31, vRSabha mAsa 32, mithuna mAsa 31, kaka mAsa 32 ane siMha mAsa 31 divasano hato ema kula 365 divasanuM varSa hatuM. dakSiNamAM e varSa 17mI ogaSTa, 1910 thI 16 mI oNgaSTa, 1911 sudhInuM hatuM, kema ke tyAM kollama varSa eka mahino vaheluM zarU thAya che. bhaumakara saMvata orissAmAM bhauma vaMzanA aDhAra rAjAoe lagabhaga base varSa rAjya karyuM. teonA nAmanA aMte "kara" zabda Ave che. AthI A rAjAo "bhaumakara" nAme oLakhAya che. purI-kaTaka pradezamAM bhaumakara rAjyanI sattA 9mI-10mI sadImAM pravatI lAge che. 27 e pachI teonuM sthAna samavaMzIoe lIdhuM. bhauma-kara rAjyanA sAmaMtoe paNa teone A saMvata vAparyo hato. 28 A saMvatanAM varSone tulanAtmaka kAlagaNanAnI rIte tapAsatAM eno AraMbha navamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM, prAyaH pUrvArdhanA madhyamAM, thayo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 29 bhauma-kara vaMzanA prathama rAjA kSemaMkaranA rAjyanA varSa 1 thI e zarU thaye lAge che. rAjA zatrubhejanA dasapalla tAmrapatramAM varSa 198 mAM viSuva-saMkrAnti, ravivAra, paMcamI ane mRgazira nakSatranI vigata ApavAmAM AvI che. A divasa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #228
197 abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) I. sa. 1029 nA mArcanI 23mane hevAnuM mAlUma paDe che. A parathI bhauma-kara saMvatane AraMbha I. sa. 831 mAM thayo jaNAya che.30 . A saMvata baso varSa pracalita rahI pachI lupta thaI gayo. nevArI saMvata nepAlamAM navamI sadImAM vaLI eka navo saMvata pracalita thaye. ene navArI (nepAlI) saMvata' kahe che. - bIjA ThAkurI vaMzanA rAjA jayadevamale nevArI saMvata calAvyuM evuM nepAlanI vaMzAvalI'mAM noMdhyuM che.31 paraMtu e rAjA ghaNo moDe thayo. kharekhara to A saMvata rAghavadeva nAme rAjAe tibeTI hakUmatamAMthI maLelI mukitanI yAdagIrImAM zarU karyo lAge che.32 rAghavadeva prathama ThAkurI vaMzanA rAjA jayadevane pUrvaja hato.33 nevArI saMvata ane vikrama saMvata vacce 937 varSanuM ne nevArI saMvata ane zaka saMvata vacce 801 varSanuM aMtara raheluM che. abhilekho tathA pustakomAM maLatI A saMvatanI mitionI gaNatarI parathI kInhane A saMvatano AraMbha citrAdi vi. saM. 936 nA kA. su. 1thI arthAta I. sa. 879 nA eNkaTobaranI 20 mIthI thayo hovAnuM nakakI karyuM che.34 enAM varSa sAmAnya rIte gata" hoya che. nevArI saMvatanA gata varSamAM 878-879 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. enAM varSa kArnikAdi che ne enA mAsa amAnta che. A saMvata nepAlamAM cheka 18 mI sadI sudhI ghaNo pracalita rahyo. I. sa. 1768mAM tyAM garakhAonI hakUmata pravartI tyArathI ene badale pAcho zaka saMvata pracalita tha che. chatAM paMDitamAM hajI nevArI saMvata cheDe aMze cAlu rahyo che. cAlukaya-vikrama saMvata kalyANa(dakhaNane cAlukya vikramAditya 6 phAe pitAnA rAjyamAM zaka saMvatanI jagyAe potAnA nAmane navo saMvata pravartAvyo. A saMvata enA vaMzajoe cAlu rAkhe. dakhaNanA keTalAka abhilekhomAM ene "vikrama kAla" kahyo che, paraMtu uttara bhAratanA prAcIna vikrama kAlathI judo batAvavA mATe ene keTalAka abhilekhemAM "cAlukya-vikrama kAla' kahevAmAM AvyuM che.35 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #229
198 - bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA A saMvatanuM varSa 1=zaka varSa 998 (I. sa. 1076-1077) Ave " che, ne ethI enA varSamAM 175-176 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave ema pahelAM lAgatuM hatuM. paraMtu A saMvatanI mitionI gaNatarI karatAM mAluma paDe che ke enuM varSa 1 kaImAM zaka varSa997 (I. sa. 1075-76, kaImAM zaka varSa 998. (1076-77), keImAM zaka varSa 999 (I. sa. 1077-78) te kaImAM zaka varSa 1000 (I. sa. 1078-79) barAbara Ave che. 37 AnuM kAraNa e lAge che ke vikramAditya pitAnA moTA bhAI somezvara 2 jAna parAbhava karI sattArUDha thayo tyAre enI sattA enA rAjyanA judAjudA bhAgamAM judA judA samaye aMgIkAra karavAmAM AvI haze ne AthI enA saMvatano AraMbha judAjudA bhAgamAM zaka varSa 997 thI 1000 daramyAna judAjudA viSe thayela manAya haze. eno rAjyAbhiSeka zaka 997 (I. sa. 1075-76 ) ke 998(I. sa. 1076-77)mAM thayuM haze ke keTalAka bhAgamAM ekabe varSa meDo gaNAyo haze.38 semezvara 2 jAe I. sa. 1076 nA sapTebaranI 1 lI sudhI rAjya karyuM hovAnuM jANavA maLeluM che. AthI cAlukya-vikrama saMvatanA varSamAM lagabhaga 1076-77 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave. A saMvatanAM varSa caitrAdi hatAM ne varSane AraMbha citra sudi 1 thI gaNAta, paraMtu eno artha evo nathI ke vikramAditya 6 ne rAjyAbhiSeka barAbara e divase ja thayo hato.39 e rAjayAbhiSeka zaka va 999 mAM thayo hoya ne A saMvatano AraMbha e varSanA citra suda 1(26mI phebruArI, I. sa. 1077)thI thayele gaNavAmAM Avyo hoya4 0 e asaMbhavita nathI. chatAM e kharekhara zaka varSa 998 mAM thayo hoya ne e varSanA caitra su. 1(9mI mArca, I. sa. 1076)thI gaNAvyo hoya, paraMtu semezvaranI sattA amuka bhAgamAM e pachI thoDo vakhata cAlu rahI hoya e ghaNuM saMbhavita che.41 kalyANanA cAlukya rAjyanI 12 mI sadInA chellA caraNamAM aMta AvyuM ne cAlukya-vikrama saMvata seeka varSamAM lupta thaI gaye. siMha saMvata : - saurASTranA, khAsa karIne dakSiNa saurASTranA, keTalAka abhilekhamAM siMha saMvatano ullekha Ave che. emAM A saMvatanuM spaSTataH "siMha saMvata' nAma ApeluM che. A saMvatanAM varSa 32, 60, 96 ane 151nI mitio maLI che. sabhAgye e dareka mitimAM siMha saMvatanI sAthe vikrama saMvatanuM ke valabhI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #230
abhilekhAmAM prajAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 199 saMvatanuM paNa varSa ApavAmAM AvyuM cheH (1) kumArapAlanA samayanA mAMgaroLa zilAlekhamAMkara vi. saM. 1200 sAthe siM. saM. 32, (2) prabhAsa pATaNanA zilAlekhamAM 43 va. saM. 850 (855) sAthe siM. saM. 60, (3) bhImadeva 2 jAnA tAmrapatramAMka 4 vi. saM. 1266 sAthe si. sa. 96, ane (4) ajunadevanA samayanA semanAtha pATaNanA zilAlekhamAM45 hi. saM. 662, vi. saM. 1320 ane va. saM. 94pa sAthe siM. sa. 151. siMha saMvatanI mitione vikrama ane valabhI saMvatanA varSane anulakSIne tapAsatAM siMha saMvata valabhI saMvata karatAM 794-795 varSa ane vikrama saMvata karatAM 1169-1170 varSa moDo zarU thayo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che.46 enAM varSa kAnnikAdi nahi paNa trAdi (ke ASADhAdi) hatAM; enA mAsa amAnta hatA ke pUrNimAnta e jANavA maLatuM nathI.47 siMha saMvatanA varSamAM 1113114 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. A saMvatanI utpatti vize judAMjudAM sUcana thayAM che. TauDe ene "zivasiMha saMvata mAnIne dIvanA gohila rAjA zivasiMhe e zarU karyo hovAnuM sucaveluM. paraMtu A nAma tathA rAjA mATe kaI pramANa upalabdha nathI. zrI. vallabhajI ha. AcArya siMha saMvata mAMgaroLanA guhila rAjA sahajige zarU karyo hovAnuM sUcavyuM.49 A sUcanamAM dakSiNa saurASTranA sthAnika rAjAe caulukayethI svataMtra thaI potAne saMvata pravartAvyuM hovAnuM uddiSTa che. AthI e khAsa lakSamAM levA jevuM gaNAya. paraMtu emAM "siMha" nAmanuM tAtparya skuTa thatuM nathI. vaLI sahajiganA putra mUlakanA siM.saM. 32 nA mAMgaroLa lekhamAM to caulukya rAjA jayasiMha tathA kumArapAlanI prazasti karavAmAM AvI che. zrI. vajezaMkara gau. ojhAe A saMvata porabaMdaranA eka lekhamAM ulikhita maMklezvara siMhe zarU karyAnuM sUcavyuM. 50 paraMtu e maMDalezvaranuM nAma sAmatasiMha hatuM ne eno samaya to vi. saM. 1315-1334 no che.51 bhagavAnalAla indrajIe A saMvata solaMkI rAjA jayasiMhadeve seraTha jItIne enI yAdagIrImAM tyAM pravartAvyo hovAnuM sUcavyuM che.52 jayasiMhadeve soraTha jItyAnuM ajaba parAkrama kareluM ne enA nAmamAM "siMha" zabda Ave che e jotAM A sUcana ghaNuM saMbhavita lAge che. paraMtu gujarezvara siddharAja jayasiMhe pravartAvelo A saMvata seraThamAM sImita rahyo enuM kAraNa kaLavuM muzkela che. A saMvata lagabhaga doDha saikA pachI lupta thaI gayo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #231
200 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA lakSmaNasena saMvata A saMvata baMgALA, dakSiNa bihAra ane mithilA(uttara bihAra)mAM pracalita hato ne hAla mithilAmAM theDA pramANamAM cAlu rahyo che. A saMvatane lakSmaNa saMvata" ke "la.saM.' kahe che. A saMvata baMgALAnA sena vaMzanA rAjA lakSmaNusena sAthe saMkaLAyeluM che. e rAjA lagabhaga I. sa. 1139 thI 1206 sudhI rAjya karato hato. A saMvatanA AraMbhika lekha varSa 51 74, ane 83nA che ne e badhA lekha dakSiNa bihAranA gayA pradezamAM maLyA che.pa3 emAMnA varSa 74 nI miti sAthe Apele vAra I. sa. 1253mAM baMdha bese che. AthI A saMvatanAM varSa zarUAtamAM I. sa. 1179 nA arasAmAM lakSmaNasenanA rAjyArohaNathI gaNAtAM hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che.54 paraMtu abula phajhala (16mI sadI) "akabaranAmAmAM jaNAve che ke la. saM. 465=za. saM. 1506=vi. sa. 1941 che. "smRtitattvAmRta' (17mI sadImAM la. saM. 505= za. saM. 1546 jaNAvyuM che. "narapatijayacaryATIkA'(17mI sadI'mAM papa la. saM. 494= za. sa. 1536 ApyuM che. A sarva samIkaraNa parathI lakSmaNasena saMvata ane zaka saMvata vacce 1041 varSanuM aMtara hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che." A hisAbe la. saM. ane I. sa. vacce 111 varSanuM aMtara Ave. paraMtu mithilAmAM A saMvata zaka varSa 1028(I. sa. 116)mAM zarU thayelo gaNAye evA ullekha maLe che.pa7 mithilAnAM vartamAna paMcAMgamAM la. saM. 1=za. saM. 1026-27, 1027-28, 1029-30 ke 130-31 ema judI judI rIte gaNAya che. arthAta hAla e saMvata I. sa. 1104 thI 1109 daramyAna zarU thayuM manAya che.pa8 Ama A saMvata AgaLa jatAM I. sa. 1104 -1118 daramyAna zarU thayuM gaNAya. uttara madhyakAlIna lekhamAM AvelI mitienA AdhAre e I. sa. 1108 ane 1119nI vacce zarU thayuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che.59 paraMtu lamaNasenanuM rAjyArehaNa to vAstavamAM I. sa. 1179 jeTalA meDA varSamAM thayeluM che. Ama A saMvatanA AraMbhakAlanI bAbatamAM ghaNo goTALA thayo che. lakSmaNasene ke sena vaMzanA keI rAjAe kharekhara Avo saMvata zarU karyo nahoto. paraMtu bakhatyAra khalajIe I. sa. 1200 nA arasAmAM lakSmaNasenane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #232
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 201 uttara baMgALAmAMthI bhagADyo tyAra pachI dakSiNa bihAramAM lakSmaNasenanA gata ke atIta ke vinaSTa rAjayanA nAme saMvata pratye; ne muslimoe dakSiNa bihAra sara karyuM tyAre tyAMnA lokee uttara bihAramAM sthaLAMtara karI e saMvata tyAM pracalita karyo. paraMtu A viSama kAla daramyAna A saMvatanA AraMbhakAlanI bAbatamAM gUMcavADo thaye. mULamAM e saMvata lakSmaNasenanA rAjyArohaNa(I. sa. 1179) thI gaNAto, tene badale have e enA janmavarSa(I. sa. 1119) thI gaNAvA lAge; ne AgaLa jatAM vaLI ene badale ethI ya thoDAM varSa vahelo (moTe bhAge I. sa. 1108mAM) zarU thayela gaNAya." I. sa. 1119 nA AraMbhanI mitiomAM enAM varSa kArtikAdi gaNAtAM evuM mAlUma paDe che. je paraMtu hAla enAM varSa mithilAmAM mAghAdi gaNAya che ne enA mAsa amAna che. 2 vIra ballAla saMvata | mAyasoranA hAthasALa vaMzanA pratApI rAjA vIra balAla 2 jAe, cAlukya rAjA vikramAditya 6ThThAnA anukaraNamAM, pitAnA nAmane navo saMvata pravartAvyo. A saMvata zaka varSa 1114 (vartamAna)=I. sa. 1191 mAM zarU thaze, jyAre e rAjAe pitAnI sattAvAra svataMtratA sthApI.63 balAlI sana ane paragaNAtI sana baMgALAnA keTalAka bhAgamAM uttara madhyakAla daramyAna balAlI sana ane paragaNAtI sana nAme be saMvata pracalita hatA. balAlI sana I. sa. 1199mAM ane paragaNAtI sana I. sa. 1202-03 (ke 1201-02) mAM zarU thaye gaNAto. 64 A baMne saMvata lakSmaNasena saMvatanAM rUpAMtara jevA che. lakSmaNasene I.sa. 1200 nA arasAmAM baMgALA gumAvyuM hatuM e atIta ghaTanAne anulakSIne AgaLa jatAM pazcima baMgALAmAM A saMvata pracalita thayA lAge che. 5 tyAre e atIta ghaTanAnuM varSa betraNa varSa vaheluM moDuM gaNAyuM haze. hijarI sana arabanI hakUmata siMdhamAM 8mI sadImAM ane paMjAbamAM 11 mI sadImAM sthapAI tyArathI tyAM hijarI sana pracalita thaI haze. paraMtu abhilekhomAM ene ullekha mahamUda gajhanavInA samaya(11 mI sadI)thI maLe che ne te mahamUdapura(lAhora)mAM paDAvelA enA sikkAo para. ahIMnA zilAlekhomAM hijarI sananAM varSa 12 mI sadInA chellA dasakAthI apAvA lAgyAM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #233
202 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA, hijarI sana muhammada paigaMbare makakAthI madInA kalI hijaratanI yAdagIrImAM, pegaMbaranI hayAtI bAda khalIphA umara(I.sa. 634-644)nA. samayamAM hi. sa. 17 mAM arabastAnamAM pracalita thaI hatI. e hijaratanI ghaTanA. I. sa. 622 nA julAInI 15 mIe banI hatI. enAM varSa cAMdra che. enA mahinA bAra cheH 1. muharama, 2. saphara, 3.. rabIula avvala, 4. rabIuluM Akhira ke rabI' usa sAnI, 5. jamAdaula avvala, 6. jamAdaula Akhira ke jamAdaula sAnI, 7. rajaba, 8. zAbAna, 9. ramajAna. 10. zavAla, 11. jilkAda ane 12 jilajija. hijarI sananA mahinA, cAMdra che ne ene AraMbha suda bIjathI gaNavAmAM Ave che. reja (divasa) sUryAstathI sUryAstano gaNAya che. - hijarI sanamAM adhika mAsa umeravAmAM Avato nathI. AthI enAM varSa zuddha cAMdra che. cAMdra varSa lagabhaga 354 divasanuM hoya che. AthI enA mahinA. ekAMtare 30 ane 29 divasanA gaNavAmAM Ave che. cAMdra varSa kharI rIte 354 divasa upara lagabhaga 8 kalAka ane 48 miniTa jeTaluM lAMbu hoIdara. 30 varSa 11 divasanI ghaTa Ave che. AthI dara 30 varSa daramyAna varSa 2, 5, 7 (ke 8), 10, 13, 15, 12 (ke 19), 21, 24, 26 (ke 27) ane 29 ne bhuta varSa gaNI e varSanA chellA mahinAmAM 1 divasa vadhAre gaNavAmAM Ave che. arthAta e mahinAne 29 ne badale 30 divasano gaNavAmAM Ave che. 67 hi. sa. nuM varSa cAMdra hovAthI saura varSa karatAM lagabhaga 11 divasa jeTaluM TUMkuM che, AthI 1300 saura varSa daramyAna lagabhaga 40 cAMdra varSa vadhAre Ave che. hi. sa. 1 I. sa. 622 mAM hatuM, hi. sa. 500 I. sa. 1100 mAM, hi. sa. 1000 I.sa. 1591mAM ane hi. sa. 1300 I. sa. 1882mAM. Ama hi. sa. ane I. sa. nI vaccenuM aMtara dhIme dhIme ghaTatuM jAya che. I. sa.. 1970mAM hi. sa. 1390 cAlatI hatI. tyAre eno taphAvata 580 varSane. hato. arthAta hi. sa. nAM 1390 varSamAM e taphAvata 621 ne badale 580 ne tha. AthI hi. sa. ane I. sa. vacceno taphAvata dhruva raheto nathI paNa dhIme dhIme ocho thato jAya che. Ane laIne hi. sa. nI barAbaranuM I sa. nuM varSa kADhavA mATe guNAkAra, bhAgAkAra, saravALA ne bAdabAkInI aTapaTI gaNatarI karavI, paDe che. 68 hi.sa.nuM varSa cAMdra hovAthI emAM Rtuono meLa maLato nathI ne eno. e tahevAra judI judI RtumAM Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #234
203 abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) - bhAratamAM muslima rAjyomAM tathA muslima lekamAM hijarI, sama pracalita rahI che. arabI-phArasI abhilekhomAM lagabhaga haMmezAM A sananAM varSa ApavAmAM Ave che. kyAreka saMskRta abhilekhamAM paNa enAM varSa jovAmAM Ave che, jema ke ajunadevanA verAvaLa zilAlekhamAM.9 evI rIte bhAratanI bIjI bhASAonA. abhilekhomAM paNa ene prAsaMgika ullekha Ave che. bhATika saMvata rAjasthAnanA jesalamera pradezamAM keTalAka madhyakAlIna abhilekhomAM bhATika saMvata' nAme saMvata prayojAyo che.' jesalameranA viSNumaMdira zilAlekhomAM vi. saM. 1494(I. sa. 6437 -38)= bhATika varSa 813 (vartamAna) ane tyAMnA mahAdeva maMdiranA zilA-- lekhamAM vi. saM. 1673 (I. sa. 1616-17)=za. saM. 1538=bhA. saM. 993 (vartamAna) ApavAmAM AvyuM che. AthI bhA. saM.. ane I. sa. vacce 624-- 25 no athavA 623-24 ne taphAvata Ave che. A saMvata jesalameranA bhATI vaMzanA sthApaka bhakTi ke bhadika (bhATika) dvArA zarU tha manAya che, paraMtu A saMvatane nirdeza. enA varSa 500 pahelAM kyAMya maLyuM nathI. bhATika saMvatanA abhilekhamAM enAM varSa 534 thI 993 maLyAM che.71 A saMvatanI utpattinI bAbatamAM kharI vAta e lAge che ke araboe 8 mI sadImAM siMdha jItyuM tyAre tyAM pracalita thayelI hijarI sana AgaLa jatAM enI paDozamAM AvelA jesalamera pradezamAM paNa pracaliMta thaI, paraMtu tyAM enAM varSane saura gaNavAmAM AvyAM. Ama karavAmAM tyAMnA lokoe hi. sa. nA AraMbha-- varSa vi. saM. 679-80 (I. sa. 622-23)ne pAyArUpa gaNIne saura varSanI paddhatie varSa 1 thI gaNatarI karI lAge che, paraMtu emAM eka varSano kaMI goTALo thayo jaNAya che.2 bhATika saMvata kharekhara enI chaThThI sadImAM arthAta IsvI 12 mI sadImAM pracalita thaye ne IsvI 17mI sadI sudhI cAlu rahyo.73 e pachI e luptA thaI gayo. zAhUra ke sUra sana - A saMvata bIjApuranA AdilazAhI rAjyamAM pracalita hato. e hijarI sananuM rUpAMtara che. ene "arabI sana" ke "mRga sAla" paNa kahe che. 15, : For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #235
204 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA - "zAra' (ke zura) e nAma arabI zabda "zahara(mahinA)nA bahuvacananA rUpamAMthI vyutpanna thayuM lAge che.74 'sUra' e prAyaH enA arabI nAmanuM marAThI rUpAMtara che. paNa - enAM vaSa tathA enA mAsa saura che. enA varSamAM 599-600 umeravAthI I.sa.nuM varSa Ave che. A saMvatane AraMbha I. sa. 1344nA me mAsanI 15 mIe sUrya mRgazira nakSatramAM hato tyAre thayo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che.' enAM varSo sUrya mRga nakSatramAM praveza kare tyAre athata 5 mI, 6 ThThI ke 7mI jUne zarU thAya che. tethI ene "mRga - sAla" kahe che. A saMvatanAM varSa aMkothI nahi, paNa arabI zabdonAM marAThI rUpAMtara dArA darzAvAya che, jemake ahade (ahada 1), Isane (asanA=2), sallIsa (salasaha=3) vagere. zAdUra sananI utpatti vize koI cekasa mAhitI maLI nathI. paraMtu sulatAna muhammada tugalake (I.sa. 1325-1351) dilhIthI daulatAbAda rAjadhAnI khaseDI, tyAre ravI ane kharIpha e baMne phasala niyata mahinAomAM vasUla karavA mATe eNe dakhaNamAM hijarI sananuM A saura rUpAMtara pracalita karyuM hoya evuM enA pracalita thayAnA varSa I. sa. 1344 parathI sUcita thAya che.77 A saMvata dakhkhaNanA marAThIbhASI pradezamAM pracalita hato. hAla e kavacita marAThI paMcAgamAM ja dekhA de che. - phasalI sana muslima rAjyamAM hijarI sana cAlatI, paNa enAM cAMdra varSa ane Rtuo vacce meLa raheto na hoI ravI ane kharIpha phasala niyata mAsamAM vasUla karavAmAM ghaNuM agavaDa paDatI. AthI mughala bAdazAha akabare hijarI sananAM varSone saura (kharI rIte caMdra-saura) banAvI ene "phasalI sanInuM 78 svarUpa ApyuM. A sudhAro hi. sa. 971 I. sa. 1563)mAM karavAmAM Avyo.79 AthI tyArathI hi. sa. ane I. sa. nA varSa vacce pa9ra-93ne dhruva taphAvata rahe che. Ama phasalI sana e zAra sananI jema hijarI sananuM saura rUpAMtara che. pahelAM A sana paMjAba ane u. pra. mAM pracalita thaI. akabaranI hakUmata vistaratAM e pachI judAjudA varSe baMgALA vagere bIjA pradezomAM pracalita thaI. A sarva pradezamAM enAM varSa AzvinAdi gaNatAM ane enA mAsa pUrNimAnta gaNAtA.80 enA varSamAM paka2-93 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #236
abhilekhAmAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 205 zAhajahAMnA samayamAM A sana dakSiNa bhAratamAM pracalita thaI tyAre hi. sa. nuM varSa 1046 (I. sa. 1636) cAlatuM hatuM. AthI hijarI sanana saurA rUpAMtara ane I. sa. nA varSa vacce tyAM pa90-81 varSane taphAvata rahyo.81 AthI dariNI phasalI sanamAM 590-91 umeravAthI I. sa.Ave che. mahArASTramAM enAM varSa zAdUra sananAM varSonI jema sUrya mRgazira nakSatramAM praveze tyAre (5mI ane 7mI jUna vacce) zarU thAya che ne mahinAonAM. nAma muharama vagere hoya che. tamiLanA pradezamAM A sanane AraMbha pahelAM ADI (karka) mAsamAM, arthAta saura zrAvaNamAM (jUna-julAImAM) thato. lagabhaga I.sa. 1800 thI enAM varSa 13 mI julAIthI ane I. sa. 1855 thI e 1 lI julAIthI gaNAya che. 2 vilAyatI sana baMgALA ane orissAmAM je phasalI sana pracalita thaI te vilAyatI sana" tarIke oLakhAI. enAM varSa tathA enA mAsa saura che ne mahinA citrAdi nAme oLakhAya che. ene AraMbha saura AdhinathI arthAt sUryanI kanyA, sakrAntithI thAya che. vilAyatI sananA varSamAM pa9ra-93 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che.83 baMgALA ane orissAnA keTalAka bhAgamAM A sana cAlu che. amalI sana A vilAyatI sananuM rUpAMtara che. emAM ane vilAyatI sanamAM phera e che ke amalI sananuM varSa bhAdaravA suda 12 nA divase zarU thAya che, jyAre vilAyatI sananuM varSa kanyA saMkrAtithI zarU thAya che.84 A sananuM varSa cAMdra mAsanA zukala pakSamAM ya paDavAthI nahi paNa adhavaca dvAdazIthI zarU thAya che e vicitra gaNAya. kahe che ke orissAnA rAjA Indradhumnano e janmadivasa hato, tethI A sanano AraMbha e divasathI gaNavAmAM Avyo.85 orissAnA vepArIo ane kArakunanAM A sana hajI pracalita che. baMgAlI sana A sanano baMgAbda' paNa kahe che. A paNa phasalI sananuM rUpAMtara che. enI vizeSatA e che ke enAM varSa pUrNimAnta Azvina vadi 1 thI nahi. paNa e pachI sAteka mahine meSa saMkrAntithI arthAta saura vaizAkha mAsathI zarU For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #237
206 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA cAya che te enA mAsa saura che. mAsa saMkrAntinA divasa pachInA divase zarU cAya che. baMgA"mAM 593-94 umeravAthI I. sa. tu N vadhu Ave che. tripurA sana tripurA rAjyamAM pracalita tripurA sana e baMgAlI sananuM rUpAMtara che, paNa emAM varSanI saMkhyA bAda karatAM 3 varSa AgaLa hoya che. dA. ta. gAbda 1357 (I. sa. 1954-51) hAya, tyAre tripurA bhananuM varSa 1360 hoya che. -AthI A sanamAM pa90-91 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. A 3 varSano taphAvata kAMtA koI kRtrima sudhArAne lai ne haze athavA tA hijarI 961 ne badale hijarI 1074 nA saurIkaraNane laI te haze 87 sagI sana A sana agalA dezanA cittAgAMga pradezamAM pracalita che. navamI sadIthI sattaramI sadI sudhI e pradezamAM ArAkAnIe, jene bagalA dezamAM 'maga' kahetA hatA, teonuM zAsana hatu. A sana e magAnA nAma parathI 'bhaga sana' tarIke oLakhAI lAge che.88 A sana baMgAlI sanane maLatI sana che, paraMtu e 45 varSa pachI zarU thaI gaNAya che. A taphAvata koI atIta ghaTanAnA kalpita samayanA kRtrima sudhArAne laI ne haze. agAbda 137 (I. sa. 1958-59) hoya tyAre magI 1402 cAlatuM heAya che. AsanamAM 548-49 umeravAthI I. Ave che. malla sana evI rIte pazcima baMgALAnA bhAMga jillAmAMnAM biSNupuranA malla rAjAemAM pracalita thayelI mala sana baMgAlI sana karatAM 101 varSa AgaLa che. A taphAvata keAI malla cAnA taragane laIne thayA haze.90 sananuM va sa. nuM va baMgAbda 1357 (I. sa. 1950-51) hoya tyAre A snanuM va 1458 gaNAya che. AthI mallu sananA varlDamAM 492-93 umeravAthI i. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #238
abhilekhAmAM prAiyelA saMvata (cAlu) navalUdI sana A sana mAseAramAM TIspU sulatAne pracalita karI hatI. pahelAM e sulatAne savatsaranAM Abhana vagere nAmeAne badale hIthrU bhASAnI abajada patie hIbra kakkAnA arakhI akSasane 1, 2, 3... vagere sakhyAonA sa Mketa banAvI upajAvelAM navAM nAma dAkhala karyAM.91 e ja paddhatie eNe mahinAekanAM paNa navAM nAma upajAvyAM.92 hi. sa. 1600 puruM thatAM arthAt I. sa. 1786mAM TIpu sulatAne navI sana pracalita karI. hijarI sana muhammada pegaMbaranI hijarata(I. sa. 622)thI . gaNAtI, ene badale pegaMbaranA janma(i. sa. pa7ra)thI eNe navI sana gaNAvI ane emAM cAMdra varSane badale cAMdra-saura varSa rakhAvyAM.93 A navIsananuM nAma 'mavalUdI sana' che. ". ta. zaka varSa 1709(I. sa. 1787-98)mAM plavaMga saMvatsara (4) cAlate hateA, tene mavalUdI sananuM va` 1rapa gaNavAmAM AvyuM. A sananA varSamAM 572-573 umeravAthI I. sa. nu varSAM Ave che. vaLI sulatAne hIthra kakkAnA krama para racAyelI amajada patinI jagyAe arabI kakkAnA kramanA AdhAre navI akhatasa paddhati dAkhala karI,94 mahinAenAM nAmeAmAM paNa eNe a paddhati apanAvI jarUrI pheraphAra karyAM.95 abatasa patinAM varSanAM nAma TIpunA sikkAo para prayeAjAya che. dA. ta zaka 17,5 (I. sa. 1793-94)mAM A sananuM varSa 1227 gaNAtuM, tyAre saMvatsara pramAdI (47) cAlateA, AthI ene abatasa paddhatie 'sAhira' (47) kahetA te trIjA mAsa jyeSTane 'takI' (=3) kahetA.96 207 A rIte bhAratamAM hijarI sananAM rUpAMtara tarIke aneka saMvata pracalita thayA, khAsa karIne mughala kAla daramyAna. ne emAM evuM Ara Mbhava I. sa. 62223ne badale I. sa. 199-600 thI I. sa. 492-93 sudhInu gaNAyuM. * evI rIte bIjI sahasAbdI daramyAna bhAratamAM khIjA keTalAka saMvata pazu pracalita thayA. * jacAstrI sana IrAnathI ahIM AvI vaselA pArasIemAM jarathostI sana pracalita che. ene pArasI sana paNa kahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #239
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA enA varSamAM 630-631 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. dA. ta. A sananuM varSa 1338 I. sa. 1968 mAM beThuM hatuM te 1969 mAM puru thayuM hatuM. 308 enuM varSoM saura che. emAM 30-30 divasanA 12 mAsa gaNavAmAM Ave che. enAM nAma che: 1 pharavaradIna, 2. aradIbehesta, 3 khAradA6, 4. tIra, 5 amaradAda, rR, zaherevara, 7. mahera, 8. AvAM, 9. Adara, 10. dehe, 11. ahamana ane 12, spaMdAramada. enA rAja sakhyAMkathI nahi paNa nAmathI darzAvAya che. 1. ahuramaAE, 2. bahumana, 3. aradI ehesta... 27 AsmAna. 28. amIAda, 29. mArespada ane 30 anezana-ema trIseya rAjanAM alaga alaga nAma che. chellA mahinAnA 30 mA rAja pachI pAMca gAthAnA divasa umeravAmAM Ave che. e rIte varSe kula 365 divasanuM thAya che; ne chatAM mahinAnA divasanI saMkhyA ekasarakhI rahe che. saura varSa kharI rIte lagabhaga 365-25 divasanu hAya che te AthI dara 120 varSe jathAI vadhu 30 divasa jeTaluM pAchaLa paDe che; AthI emAM dara 120 varSe 1 mAsa umeravAmAM Ave che. A adhika mAsane ' phlIsA' kahe che. hAla pArasI sananuM va`huMmezA oNgasTa mAsamAM zarU thAya che. IrAnamAM sAmAnya rIte te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM vadhu vaparAtAM. tyAM sAsAnI vaMzanA amala (I. sa. 236-641) daramyAna jaratheAstI dharmanI jAheojalAlI hatI. te e pachI AraenA AkramaNane laI ne e dhama para Aphata pravatI. sAsAnI vaMzanA chellA pAdazAha yaganA rAjyakAlanAM varSoMne saLaga cAlu rAkhatAM enA rAjyArAhanA varSathI gaNAtI pArasI sana zarU thaI manAya che.97 keTalAka jarathAstIe peAtAnA dhaMnA rakSaNa mATe vatana tyajI pazcima bhAratamAM AvI vasyA te I. sa. 936 mAM saMjANa(ji. valasADa)mAM sthira thayA.98 tee ahIM 'pArasI ' tarIke eLakhAya che. putraippu sa Mvata kAcIna (kerala rAjya) pradezamAM puSutraippu nAme saMvata pracalita hatA. kecIna rAjya ane Daca IsTa inDiyA ka MpanI vacce thayelI sadhine lagatA karAra tAmrapatrA para kAtaralA che, temAM puppu savaMta 322nA mIne mAsanA divasa 14 te samaya jaNAvelA che. e divase I. sa. 1663 nA mAnI 22 mI tArIkha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #240
abhilekhAmAM prayAjAyelA savata (cAlu) 309 hatI.99 Ama pu. sa. nA AraMbha I. sa. 1341 mAM thayA. enA varSomAM 1241-42 umeravAthI I. sa.nuM varSa Ave che. enA mAsa sora hatA ne sUryanI sakrAntinI rAzinA nAme oLakhAtA. 'puDuappu' malayALama bhASAnA zabda che. eneA atha * navI vasAhatane ' evA thAya che. kAcInanI uttare samudramAMthI eka TApu bahAra nIkaLyA ne tyAM navI vasAhata sthapAI, enI yAdagIrImAM A savata pracalita thayA gaNAya che. 100 hAla e lupta che. kUcibahAra savata kUcabihAra (u. baMgALA) rAjyamAM A saMvata pracalita hateA. enu varSa 1 = bhagAbda 914 (I. sa. 1507-08) jaNAvyuM che. A savaMta ca rAjyanI sthApanA caMdane I. sa. 1510 mAM karI tenI yAdagIrImAM zarU thaye gaNAya che. 101 e kAcabihAra (kUcabihAra) ane enI AsapAsanA bhutAna tathA AsAmanA pradezamAM pracalita hatA. kUcabihAra rAjyamAM dhaNAM lakhANAmAM A saMtanI sAthe zaka savata ane baMgAlI sananAM varSa AvelAM che. hAla A saMvata lupta che. ilAhI sana , dIna--ilAhI ' nAme navA dha'nI sthApanA mugala bAdazAha akabare karyA pachI ilAhI sana' nAme navI sana zarU karI. e pahelAM enA rAjyamAM hijarI sana pracalita hatI. ilAhI sanane tArIkha-i-ilAhI' paNa kahe che. akabare A sana peAtAnA rAjyakAlanA varSAM 29(I. sa. 1584)mAM pracalita karI, paNa ene AraMbha enA rAjyareAhaNanA varSa 1(I. sa. 1556)thI gaNavAmAM AvyeA. have hijarI sana 992(I. sa. 1584)ne badale ilAhI sana 29 gaNavAmAM Avyu. evI rIte cAMdra mAsanI jagyAe saura mAsa apanAvavAmAM AvyA. A bAbatamAM akabarane jarathuAstI sananI paddhati khAsa pasaMda hatI. enu rAjyArAhuNa teA rabIusa sAnI mahinAnI rajI tArIkhe (14 mI phebruArIe) thayelu, paNa e pachI 26 divase (11mI mArce) jarathuAstI varSanA pahele mahine zarU thayA hatA, te divasathI ilAhI sanane pahelA mahitA gaNavAmAM AvyA. paraMtu jaratheAsto varSAMte dareka mahinA 30 divasane gaNAya che ne varSAMte a Mte pAMca 14 ( ( For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #241
210 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA divasa umeravAmAM Ave che, jyAre ilAhI sanamAM kAI mahinA 29 divasanA, koi 30 divasanA, koI 31 divasanA ane eka mahine 32 visane gaNAtA; te e rIte va kula 365 divasanuM thatu.103 vaLI dara ceAthe varSe 1 diva| umeravAmAM AvatA hatA. ilAhI sananA bAra mahinAonAM nAma jarayeAstI sananA mahinAe pramANe rAkhavAmAM AvyAM. evI rIte mahinAnA rAjanAM paNa judAMjudAM nAma rAkhavAmAM AvyAM ne emAMnAM pahelAM 30 nAma ratheAsto rAjanAM nAma pramANe rakhAyAM. reja 31 mATe rAja' ane rAja 32 mATe 'zakha ' nAma rakhAyuM. A sananA varSamAM 1555-1556 umeravAthI I. sa. nuM varSa Ave che. A saMvata akabaranA tathA jahAMgIranA rAjyakAla daramyAna pracalita rahyo. paraMtu zAhajahAMe ene badale pAchI hijarI sana cAlu karI te evI ibrAhI sanA leApa thayeA. rAjyAbhiSeka saMvata ene rAjyAbhiSeka zaka' ke rAja zaka' kahetA. emAM zaka'nA artha saMvata (va) che. A saMvata marAThA rAjyanA sthApaka zivAjInA rAjyAbhiSekanI yAdagIrImAM pracalita thayA hatA. enA rAjyAbhiSeka zaka saMvata 1596 nA jyeSTha suda 13 arthAt 6 ThThI jUna I. sa. 1674 nA roja thayA hatA. enAM varSa tamAna' lakhAtAM ne ene AraMbha jyeSTha suda 13 thI thatA.104 A sa Mvata marAThA rAjyamAM keTalAMka varSa` sudhI prayalita rahyo te pachI lupta thaI gayA. IsavI sana yureApIya sattAonA, khAsa karIne briTiza sattAnA, amala daramyAna A sana bhAratamAM pracalita thaI. A saMvata Isu khristanI yAdagIrI dharAve che, paraMtu ene AraMbha cheka I. sa. 532 nA arasAmAM rAmamAM thayA hatA. rAmanA DAyAnisiyasa ekisaguasa nAme khristI pAdarIe potAnA saMpradAya mATe Isu khristanA saMvata zarU karavAnA vicAra karyAM ne Isu khristanA janmanuM varSa zodhavA mAMDayu. te e banAva ene elimpiDa saMvata105 194 nA 4 thA varSe ane rAma nagaranI sthApanAnA saMvatanA varSa 753 mAM thayAnuM jaNAyuM.106 tyAre enA mate IsunA janmane pa27 varSa thaI cUkayAM hatAM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #242
abhilekhamAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 211 e samaye romana kAlagaNanAmAM 365 divasanuM saura varSa cAlatuM hatuM, ne emAM hAla che tema jAnyuArI, mArca, me, julAI oNgasTa, rakaTobara ane disaMbara e cha mahinA 31-31 divasanA; eprila, jUna, sapTembara ane navembara e je mahinA 38-30 divasanA; ane phebruArI mahino 28 divasano -ema maLI kula 365 divasa thatA hatA. e mahinA ane enA divasa yathAtatha rAkhIne rema nagaranI sthApanAnA saMvatanA varSa 1280 nI jagyAe IsavI sananuM varSa para gaNavAmAM AvyuM. I. pR. 46 mAM romanA zahenazAha juliyasa sIjhare cAlu varSamAM 90 divasa umerIne varSane AraMbha sarakho karyo hato ne dara 4 thA varSe phebruArImAM 1 divasa umeravAnI prathA zarU karIne saura varSane 365 divasane badale sarerAza 365 divasanuM banAvyuM hatuM. A sudhArAne "juliyana sudhAro' kahe che. mAsanAM nAma ane mAsanA divasanI saMkhyArmA juliyasa sIjhare tema ja oNgasTase keTalAka pheraphAra karelA, te pachI e nAma ane enA divasanI saMkhyA dhruva rahyAM che. 107 IsavI sana 6 ThThI sadImAM ITAlImAM, 8 mI sadImAM iMglenDamAM, 8mI - 9mI sadImAM phrAnsa, bejiyama, jarmanI ane svitjharalenDamAM ane I. sa. 1000 nA sumAramAM yuropanA sarva khristI dezomAM pracalita thaI enuM varSa sarerAza 365 divasanuM gaNAya che, paraMtu kharuM saura varSa e karatAM 11 miniTa ane 14 sekaMDa jeTaluM TUMkuM hoya che. AthI lagabhaga 128 vare emAM 1 divasa vadhI jAya che. meSa saMkrAti juliyasa sIjharanA samayamAM 25 mI mArce AvatI, te I. sa. 325 mAM 21 mI mArce ane I. sa. 1582 mAM 11 mI mArce AvI. AthI piopa gregorI 13 mAe I. sa. 1582mAM eNkaTobaramAM 10 divasa kamI kya ne 400 varSa paDatA 3 divasanA aMtaranA kAyamI ukela mATe 1700, 1800 ane 1000 jevAM zatakavarSomAM phebruArImAM 1 divasa na umeravAno arthAta 1600 ane 2000 jevA 400 thI niHzeSa bhAgI zakAya tevAM zatakavarSomAM ja e 1 divasa umeravAno sudhAro dAkhala karyo. kethalika dezoe A sudhAre jaladI apanAvyuM, jyAre proTesTanTa dezoe zarUAtamAM eno virodha karI se baso ke ethI vadhu varSa pachI e sudhAro aMgIkAra karyo.108 popa gregorI 13 mAe karelA A sudhArAne gregoriyana sudhAro' kahe che. A sudhAro apanAvyA pachI have kharA saura varSamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #243
zara bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ane I. sa. nA varSamAM eTale nAne pharaka rahe che ke cheka 3320 varSe mAtra 1 divasa vadhI jAya.109 IsavI sanane AraMbha Isu khristanA janmavarSathI thayo hoya e rIte gaNA, paraMtu arvAcIna saMzodhana parathI mAlUma paDayuM che ke Isune janma Isa. nA varSa 1 nI pahelAM kathAthI 8 mA varSe thaye hato;1 10 nisiasanI gaNatarImAM have ATalI kasara rahelI jaNAI che. DAyanisiyasanA samayamAM (6 ThThI sadImAM) I. sa. nA varSano AraMbha 25 mI mArcathI thato. asala romana varSamAM mArca mahine pahele gaNAto. pAMcamA mAsanuM nAma kiMkiTalisa" (paMcama) hatuM, tene badale juliyasa "julAI rAkhyuM. 6 ThThA mAsanuM nAma "sekasTAilisa" (SaSTha) hatuM, tene badale oNgasTase "gasTa" karyuM. "sapTebara', 'okaTobara", "naveMbara', ane "DisembaramAM anukrame saptama, aSTama, navama ane dazamane mULa artha sacavAI rahyo che. jAnyuArI ane phebruArI AgaLa jatAM umerAyA hatA. iMglenDamAM 7 mI sadIthI nAtAlanA divasa(25mI DiseMbara) thI varSano AraMbha gaNAta, paNa 12 mI sadIthI tyAM paNa e 25 nI mArcatho gaNAya. phrAnsamAM varSane AraMbha I. sa. 1663 thI 1 lI jAnyuArIe gaNAto. 1752 mAM pipa gregorIe varSane AraMbha 1 lI jAnyuArIthI gaNavAnuM pharamAvyuM tyArathI vahelAmoDA sarva khrista dezomAM varSane AraMbha e divasathI gaNA 111 IsavI sanamAM saura varSanI gaNatarIne ghaNuM sacoTa ane sUkSma banAvI che. paraMtu emAM mAsanA divasonI saMkhyA kRtrima ane ADIavaLI che. saura varSanA pAMca mAsa unALAmAM saLaMga 31-31 divasanA ane bAkInA sAta mAsa 30-30 divasanA gaNavAmAM Ave to saraLatA rahe. "jagata paMcAMga" (World Calendar)nI yejanAmAM Avo sudhAro sUcavAya che. rASTriya paMcAMga Ama bhAratamAM judA judA pradezamAM aneka judAjudA saMvata cAle che ne ema varSa tathA mAsa gaNavAnI paNa judIjudI paddhatio pravarte che. AthI AjhAdI pachI bhArata sarakAre A badhI paddhatio parathI AkhA deza mATe amuka ekasarakhI paddhati sUcavavA 1952 mAM niSNAtonI samiti nImI ne e samitinI bhalAmaNa anusAra sarakAre e paddhatine AraMbha 1957 thI karyo che. 1 1 2 A paddhatinI kAlagaNanAne "rASTriya paMcAMga" (National Calendar) kahe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #244
abhilekhAmAM prAjAyelA savata 213 emAM saMvata tarIke zaka sa Mvata, mAsa tarIke sau ramAsa ane divasa tarIke dinAMka apanAvavAmAM AvyA che. enu varSe vasatasa`pAta darzAvatA meSasaMkrAMtinA divasa(21 mI mArca)nI pachInA divase arthAt 22 mI mArce thAya che. pachInA pAMca mAsa 31-31 divasanA te chellA cha mAsa 30-30 divasanA gaNAya che. pahelA mAsane sAmAnya varSAmAM 30 divasane ane khuta vamAM 31 divasanA gaNavAmAM Ave che. mAsanAM nAma caitra, vaizAkha vagere rAkhyAM che. pluta varSe pahele| mAsa 1 divasa vahele zarU karavAmAM Ave che.113 emAM zaka saMvatanA pAyA para 'jagata paMcAMga'nI sUcita yAjanA apanAvI che. saMvatAnAM AraMbhava Ama ekadare jotAM I. pU. 1 lI sadIthI I. sa. nI 17 mI sadI sudhImAM bhAratamAM cALIseka saMvata pracalita thayA. emAMnA keTalAka samaya jatAM sada Mtara lupta thayA, to keTalAka adyaparyaMta cAlu che. emAMnA keTalAka savaMta mAtra dhArmika ke sAMpradAyika bAbatAmAM vaparAya che, jyAre bIjA keTalAka te te pradezamAM leAkavyavahAramAM vattAochA aMze pracalita che. emAMnA ghaNA sthAnika savAne upayAga kramazaH ghaTatA jAya che. bhAratamAM pracalita thayelA A sarva sava tAnAM Ara MbhavarnI samIkSA karIe, te jaNAze ke emAMnA pAMca saMvatAne AraMbha IsvI pUrve thayA gaNAya che, chasAtaneA AraMbha I. sa. 1 thI 500 daramyAna thayA che, terane AraMbha I. sa. 548 thI 630 sudhInA 83 varSanA TUMkA gALAmAM thayA gaNAya che, traNa navamI sadImAM zarU thayA che, cha I. sa. 1075 thI 1202 sudhInA 128 varSanA gALAmAM pracalita thayA che. te 14 mIthI 17 mI sadI sudhImAM mAtra cAra ja saMvata zarU thayA che. A sAthe judAM judAM cAra Arabhava parathI A hakIkata vadhu spaSTa thaze. pramANadhAraNa pramANe prayAjAyelAM savAnAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #245
214 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA saMvatanAM ArabhavarSa (1) I.pU. 301 thI 1 (2) I.sa. 1 thI 500 3101 - kaliyuga saMvata 1IsavI sana 78 - zaka saMvata 2449 yudhiSThira saMvata 249-kalacuri saMvata 318-319gupta-valabhI saMvata 492- mahela sana 496-gAMgeya saMvata 544 -buddhanirvANa saMvata para7vIranirvANa saMvata 200 rUAguptAyika saMvata 57 -- vikrama saMvata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #246
* abhilekhAmAM prAjAyelA savata (cAlu) (3) i. sa. 501 thI 700 548 -magI sana 572 - mavalUdI sana = pa79 - azuvamAM saMvata 190 - tripurA sana 592 phasalI,vilAyatI,amalI sana - 593 -gAlI sana 59 - zAdUra sana 6 06 -ha saMvata }22 624 630 -jarathAstI sana hijarI sana bhATika saMvata - (4) i. sa. 991 thI 1900 824-kalama saMvata 831 -bhauma-kara saMvata 27- -nevArI saMvata 107pa - cAlukaya-vikrama saMvata 1173 -siMha saMvata - 1179 - lakSmasena sa Mvata 1191 vIra alAla saMvata 1199 - balAlI saMvata 1202 -paragaNAtI sana 1341 -putraippu saMvata 1510 -kUcabihAra saMvata 1556|ilAhI sana 1674-rAjyAbhiSeka sa Mvata For Personal & Private Use Only 15

Page #247
216 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA pAdaTIpa 1. s. I, Book III, No 71 2. mANAki, pR. 176, TI. 1 3, gjhana, pR. 176 - 177; E. I, Vol. XXX, pp. 46 f. 4. IE, p. 290. zaka varSa vALA dAnapatramAM varSanI saMkhyA mATe "navazataka pachI "saptaraza" lakheluM che teno khare pATha "saptadaza" lAge che. keTalAke ene badale "saptamarasa" ghaTAvIne 7-+ 6=13) athavA aMkanI ulaTI gatinA niyama pramANe "67' evI saMkhyA baMdha besADI che. arthAt teo zaka 917 ne badale 93 ke 967 ghaTAve che (s. I, p. 458, nil). 5. I. E, pp. 290 . (kaI vaLI eno AraMbha I. sa504 mAM 6. Ibid., p. 291 7. Ibid, pp. 290 f. 8. mAdhyAtri, pR. 177; I. E., p. 297 9. I. E, pp. 271, 297, 9 a, aMzuvarmAnA varSa 34, 39 ane 4panA, jiSNuguptane varSa 48ne, zivadeva 2 jAnA varSa 119 ane 143 ane jayadeva paracakakAmano varSa 153 ne lekha A saMvatanA gaNAya che ( I. E., p. 297). 10. mAdhyAtri, pR 177; The classsical Age, p. 123 11-12. I. E., p. 296 (A varSe sAthe enA saMvatanuM nAma ApeluM ' nathI.) 13. Ibid, p. 297 98. Sachau, op. cit., p. 343 15. potAnA samayanA saMvatanAM varSonA udAharaNamAM e vi. saM. 1088= ha. saM. 1488 jaNAve che (Sachau, op. cit, Vo II, p. 7). 16. I. E., pp. 291 ff. 17. juo upara pR. 194. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #248
abhilekhAmAM pracAjAyelA sa vata (cAlu) 18. mAtrAoi. rR. 176 19. I. E., pp. 269 f. 20. hAla ene 'kileAna' ke vileAna' kahe che. e kerala rAjyamAM pazcima samudra taTa upara trivendramanI utare AveluM baMdara che. prAcIna samayamAM e misara, yurIpa, arabastAna, cIna vagere dezAvara sAthenA vepAranuM mathaka hatuM (mAtrAhi, rR. 176, TI. 1). 21-22 mAtrAhi, rR. 176, TI. 1, rU 23. I. E., p. 270 24-25 mAtrAhi, pR. 180 26. I. A., Vol. XXV, p. 54 27. I. E., pp. 299 ff. 28. Ibid., p. 298, n. 2 29. I. E., pp. 301 f. 30. Ibid., p 302 31, mAtrAhi, rR. 180, TI. rU 32. The Age of Imperial Kanauj, pp. 58 f. 33. mAtrAhi, pR 180-181, TI. rU 34. mAtrAhi pR-181; I. E., p. 271 35, mAtrAhi rR. 181 36, mAtrAhi, rR. 181-182 37-38. I. E., p. 303 39-40. Ibid., Pp. 303 f. 41. vikramAditya 6 ThThA vize kAzmIrI kavi bihaNe 'vikramAMkadevarata'racyuM che temAM eNe A saMvatane ullekha karyo nathI. paraMtu A sa MvatanI mitie abhilekhAmAM enA varSa 2 thI ApavAmAM AvelI che. 42. gu. ai. le., bhA. 2, lekha 145 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #249
218 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 43. ejana, lekha 154. A zilAlekhane sa MpAdake bhUlathI jUnAgaDhanA bhUtanAtha madiraneA jaNAvyA che, paraMtu e kharekhara prabhAsa pATaNanA che (phA. gu. sabhAnu traimAsika, pu. 4, pR. 27). vaLI emAM va. sa. 850 vaMcAyu hatu te kharekhara 855 che. 44. gu. e. le., bhA. 2, lekha 162 4pa. ejana, bhA. 3, lekha 217. varSa 14, 31, 58 ane 93 nA abhilekhAnAM varSoM siMha saMvatanAM mAnavAmAM AvelAM, paraMtu kharekhara teA e varSa vi. saM. (13)14, (12)31, (10)58 ke (11)58 ane (10)93 hAvAnuM mAlUma paDayuM che (mAtrAhri, rR. 82, TI. 6; B. K. Thakar, "The Chronological Systems of Gujarat," Pp. 584 ff.). 46. Ibid., pp. 591 ff. 49. Ibid., p. 594 48. James Tod, Travels in Western India,'' p. 506 and note f. 49. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. VIII, p. 543 50, mAnaprApIno dhasa pradU, mA. 1, rR. 4-. i. B. K. Thakar, op. cit., p. 597 para. Bombay Gazetteer, Vol. I, Part 1, p. 176 53. I. E., p. 276 54. Ibid., pp. 276 f. 55. A varSa vartamAna' haze arthAt gata varSa 1535 haze. 56. mAtrAhi, pR. 181 57. na, rR. 181-186 58. I. E., p. 272, n. 1 59. Ibid., p. 273 60, Ibid., pp. 273 ff. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #250
abhilekhomAM prayojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 219: 61, mAjhA ipR. 286 dUra, ; I. E, p. 272 63. I. E., p. 304 64-65 Ibid., p. 278 66. mANAki, 9 12; E. I, p. 308 $u. Pillai, "Indian Chronology," pp. 57 ff. 68. (1) hi. sa. nA varSane 970203 vaDe guNo, enA cha dazAMza kApI nAkho, emAM 622.54 umero. dA.ta. (1) hi. sa. 1215 X 970203 = 1178796645; 1178 + 622.54 = 180054. AthI I. sa. 1800 Ave. (2) hijarI varSane 2.977 vaDe guNo, guNAkArane 100 vaDe bhAgo, bhAgAkArane hijarI varSamAMthI bAda kare ne bAdabAkImAM 621569 umere. dA. ta. hi. sa. 1269 8 2977 = 3777.8; 3777.8 = 100 = 37778; hi. sa. 1269 - 37.778 = 1231.222; 1231222 + 611.568 = 185ra.791. AthI I. sa. 1851 Ave (I. E., p. 309). 69, gu. e. le, bhA. 3, lekha 217. vi. sa. 1320 nA lekhamAM hi sa. nuM varSa 662 paNa ApyuM che. emAM hijarI sanane "bodhakara rasUla mahamada saMvata' tarIke oLakhAvI che. mahamUda gajhanavInA sikkAonA pRSThabhAga para ene "tAjikIya savaMta kahyo che (I. E, p. 309). 70. mAprAjhi, pR. 178, TI. 2, 3 71. vigate mATe juo I. E, pp. 315 f. 72. I. E., pp. 314 f. 73. Ibid., p. 316 74. mAjhAtri, pR. 11.1; I. E., p. 311 75-76. I. E, p. 31 oc. Ibid., p. 312 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #251
220 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 178-82 mAjhAtri, pR. 112; I. E., p. 310 83-84, mAjhAtri, pR. 112; I, E., p. 312 85. mAjhA4i, pR. 112 86. mAtrA, pR. 112-113; I. E., pp. 312 f. 87. I. E., p. 313. 188 mAtrA, pR. 13; I. E., p. 313 89. I. E., p. 313 90. Ibid., pp. 313 f. 91. dA.ta. alipha = 1, be = 2, jima = 3, dAba = 4, he = 5 vagere. 92. dA. ta. ahamadI, bahArI, japharI ...vagere. 93. I. E., p. 316 94, dA.ta. alipha = 1, be = 2. te = 3, se = 4, jima = pa vagere 65. dA.ta. ahamadI, bihArI, takI... vagere 96. I. E., p. 317 97. che. 2. nAyaka, gujarAtI para arabI-phArasInI asara', pR. 49, pAdaTIpa 1 98, ha. ga. zAstrI, "gujarAtano prAcIna ItihAsa', pR. 163 99-100, mANAki, pR. 186; I. E., p. 305 101-102. I. E., p. 306 103. mArAtri, pR. 113; I. E., p. 306. me mahine keTalA divasane gaNAto enI vigata nakakI thaI nathI, 104. makAI, 9 186-187; I. E, p. 307 105. prAcIna grIsamAM olimpisa parvatanI taLeTImAM dara 4 varSe spardhAtmaka ramato ramAtI ne kAlagaNanA dareka caturvArSika kAlanAM varSomAM thatI. I. pU. 264 nA arasAmAM sisilInA eka vidvAne prathama olimpika ramatanuM varSa I. pU. 776 hevAnuM zodhI e varSathI A saMvata gaNavAnuM pracalita kareluM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #252
abhilekhAmAM yojAyelA saMvata (cAlu) 221 106. mANAgni, pR. 164; I. E, p. 278 107. mAprAjhi, pR. 114, TI. 4; I. E., p. 279, n. 2 108-109. mAjhAri, pR. 115, TI. 1; I. E., p. 279, n. 3 110. mANANi, pR. 114, . 1; I. E, pp. 278 f. 111gana, pR. 16; I. E., p. 280, p. 1 11ra-113. hariprasAda zAstrI nezanala kelenDara', "akhaMDa AnaMda" mAca 157, pR. 73-80 114. emAMnA keTalAka hijarI sana parathI udbhavyA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #253
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha abhilekhone lagatAM vividha pAsAMnA paricaya pachI have keTalAka abhilekhone abhyAsa karIe, jethI e pasthI namUnA tarIke ke dRSTAMta rUpe pasaMda karelA keTalAka mahattvanA abhilekhonA AkhA lakhANano paricaya thAya eTaluM ja nahi, emAM AvatA aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika muddAonuM mahatva samajAya tema ja abhilebomAM vaparAtA keTalAka pAribhASika zabadonA artha skuTa thAya. A abhilebenA mULa lakhANa mATe enA niyaMtara karelA pATha ahIM lekhanA bhASAMtara dArA abhyAsa karIzuM. prAcIna kAlamAM abhilekha sAmAnyata: saMskRtamAM lakhAtA, paraMtu AraMbhika kAlamAM e prAkRtamAM lakhAtA ahIM keTalAka mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekhono abhyAsa karIe : 1. azekano zailalekha naM. 2 1. 1. sAta nijitahi devAnaM priyasa priydsine| rAjo 2. evamapi pracaMteSu yathA cADA pADA satiyaputo keta(ra)laputo A taMba. 3. NI aMtiyo ho yo nA ye vA pi tasa aMtipokasa sAgItA 4. rAjAnA sarvatra devAnapriyasa priyadasineA rAjo dre cikIchA katA 5. manusacikI chA ca pasucikI DA ca [1] AsuDAni va yAni janusopagAni ca 6. pasopagAni ca yata yata nAsti sarvatra hArASitAni ca ropApitAni ca [1] 7. mUlAni ca phalAni ca yata yata nAsti sarvata hArApitAni ca ropApitAni ca [1] 8. paMthesU kUA ca khAtApitA RchA ca ropApitA paribhogAya pasumanusAnaM [] __-giranAra devonA priya priyadarza rAjAnA samasta rAjyamAM ne evI rIte sarahadI pradezomAM paNa, jemake coLo, pAMDyo, satyaputra, keralaputra, tAmrapaNa sudhI, vaLI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #254
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 223 yavana rAjA a MtiyeAka ke e atiyeAkanI samIpanA je rAjAe che (tenAM rAjyAmAM) paNa badhe devAnA priya priyadarzI rAjAnA (kahevAthI) e (prakAranI) cikitsA karavAmAM AvI che-manuSyacikitsA ane pazucikitsA. te manuSyAne upayAgI tathA pazuone upayAgI je auSadha jyAM jyAM nathI, (tyAM) badhe (te) magAvavAmAM AvyAM che te reApAvavAmAM AvyAM che. mULA tathA phLA jyAM jyAM nathI, (tyAM) badhe maMgAvavAmAM AvyAM che te rApAvavAmAM AvyAM che. rastAo para kUvA khAdAvyA che te vRkSa rUpAvyAM che, pazu-manuSyanA paribhAga mATe.' * * * azAkanA cauda dha lekhAnI lekhamAlA pAkistAnaneA vAyavya sarahada prAMta, uttara pradeza, gujarAta, kAMkaNa, erissA ane AMdhra pradezamAM rolA (meTI zilAe,) para kotarelI maLI che. emAMnA A lekha na. 2 mAM azAka peAtAnA rAjyamAM tema ja paDozI rAjyAmAM pAte paramAnA keTalAMkra kAyakarAvyAM hovAnuM jaNAve che, emAM e pAtAnA ullekha devAnA priya priyadazI rAjA' tarIke kara che. 1 mULa lekha prAkRta bhASAmAM che te mau`kAlIna brAhmI lipimAM kotarAyo che. huza-sa MpAdita "Corpus Incriptionum Indicarum,'' Vol. I mAM tathA pAMDeya-saMpAdita roya nila' mAM mULa lekhanI chabI sAthe enu likhatara prakAzita thayeluM che.2 A lekhamAM jaNAvelAM paramAtha -kAryanA ullekha azAka pAtAnA sta Mbhalekha na cha mAM pazu kare che. tyA e avaleke che ke vividha sukhasagavaDo vaDaeN agAunA rAjAoe paNa jagatane sukhI karyuM che. A dharmAcaraNane lekA anusare e mATe meM Ama karyuM che. athAt AvAM paramArtha kAma agAunA rAjAe paNa karatA hatA, azAke emAM kaMI navuM kayu" nathI. aNu A paraMparA cAlu rAkhI che, paNa aka khAsa hetuthI ne te e ke lAkA rAjAnuM dRSTAMta jAI AvAM sukRtyane anusaratA rahe. A lekhamAM azoka traNa prakAranAM paramAtha -kA auSadha, phaLa ane mULa magAvI ropAvavAM. (2) rastA para (3) rastA para vRkSa rApAvavAM. staMbhalekha naM. 7 mAM e kAryAM viSe vadhu vigata Ape che, rastA para ma vaDa rApAkyA che. pazue tathA manuSye te chAyA vaDe upayogI nIvaDe mATe; AMbAvADI rApAvI che.dara For Personal & Private Use Only jaNAve che H (1) kUvA khodAvavA ane AmAMnA chellAM e

Page #255
224 ATha keze meM kUvA khAdAvyA che ne pagathiyAM upabhAga mATe bahu vArigraha karAvyAM che.'4 bhAratIya abhilekhavidya karAvyAM che. meM pazu-manuSyAnA A parathI mAlUma paDe che ke rastA para vRkSa reApAvavAM ne kUvA kheAdAvavA e paramAtha nuM kAya gaNAtuM te rAjAe evuM sukRta karavAne peAtAnu kata bya gaNAtA. rastAo para rApAtAM vRkSAmAM vaTavRkSAnI khAsa pasaMdagI karavAmAM AvatI. chAyA mATe e vRkSa ghaNAM upayogI nIvaDe che. kUvA sAmAnya rIte A-A kAzanA aMtare kheAdAvavAmAM AvatA. jAhera mArgA para pravAsIe mATe garama dezamAM A be sagavaDa anivAya gaNAya. vaLI vRkSArApaNa pAchaLa enI chAyA manuSyA uparAMta pazune paNa upayAgI nItaDe e vizALa hetu rahelA hatA e paNa lakSamAM levA jevuM che. azAke A e paramA-kAryAM uparAMta cikitsAne lagatu je paramAkAya karyuM. e enuM vizeSa pradAna jaNAya che. ahIM 'cikitsA'zabda rAganidAnanA arthamAM nahi paNa vaidyakIya upacAranA arthamAM vaparAyA che. azAke manuSyo mATenAM tema ja pazuo mATenAM bane prakAranAM auSadhAlayAnI jogavAI karI. A auSadhAlayAmAM vinA mUlye upacAra karavAnI dRSTi rAkhI haze.pa vaLI A auSadhAlayAmAM esaDa (davAe) sulabha rahe te mATe azoke ene mATenAM auSadha (vanaspati) rApAvavAnA prabaMdha karyAM. A aMge e auSadhAlayAnI najIkamAM khAsa khetaronI vyavasthA rAkhavAmAM AvI haze.6 AvI vanaspati keTalAMka sthaLeAe kudaratI rIte UgatI heAya che, paNa keTalAMka sthaLeAe amuka vanaspati thatI nathI. AthI cikitsA mATe upayegI vanaspati jyAM jyAM thatI na heAya tyAM tyAM khIjethI maMgAvavAmAM AvatI ne raipAvavAmAM AvatI. azeke A cikitsAnA prabaMdha pAtAnA samasta rAjyamAM karAvyA hatA. paraMtu ene eTalAthI sa MtASa nahotA. AvA paramArtha kAyane potAnA rAjyanI sImAnuM baMdhana na ghaTe. azokane AsapAsanAM je rAjyeya sAthe saMpaka hatA te badhAM rAjgyAmAM paNa eNe A cikitsA karAvI hatI. A enI kharekharI ni:svArtha paramA vRtti gaNAya. A lekhamAM azAkanAM paDeAzI rAjyone je nAmanirdeza karavAmAM Avye che te aitihAsika bhUMgALanI dRSTie tema ja e samayanA AMtara-rASTriya saMbadhAnI dRSTie mahattvane che. A rAjayAnA be alaga samUha hatA :7 (1) zAkanA rAjyanI dakSiNe cArapAMca rAjya hatAM. emAM pahelAM pUrva dhAramAM uttare cALa rAjya ane dakSiNe pAMDaya rAjya AvatAM. ceALa rAjya e hatAM. ekanu pATanagara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #256
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 225 uraiyara ane khIjAnuM ArkeTa hatuM.. pAMDaya rAjyanuM pATanagara madurA hatuM. enI uttare eka khIju pAMDaya rAjya haze. kerala ane satya jAtinA leke uttaramAMthI sthaLAMtara karI dakSiNamAM vasyA haze. tethI 'keralaputra' ane 'satyaputra' kahevAtA haze. 9 keralaputra e hAlanuM kerala che. paNa enA uttara bhAgamAM keralaputranu ane dakSiNa bhAgamAM satyaputranuM rAjya evAM e rAjya gaNAtAM haze. 10 A baMne rAjya pazcima ghATanA dakSiNa bhAgamAM (Ne aMze malabAra pradezamAM) AvyAM hatAM. 'tApaNI' e zrIla'kA(sileAna)nuM nAma che. keTalAka ene tamiLanADunA tirunelavelI jillAmAM thaIne vahetI tAmrapaNI nadI mAne che, paraMtu ene samAveza tyAre pAMDaca rAjyanI aMdara thatA haze.11 siMhaladrIya(sileAna)nuM nAma 'tAmrapaNI' hatuM evA tyAMnA mahAvasa'mAM spaSTa nirdeza che. paDeAzI rAyAne khIjo samUha azAkanA rAjyanI uttare (kharI rIte uttarapazcime AvyA hatA. A lekhamAM azAka emAMnA sahuthI najIkanA rAjyanA rAjAne ja nAmanirdeza kare che, jyAre zailalekha naM. 13mAM e enI pAra AvelAM cAra rAjyAnA rAjAonAM paNa nAma jaNAve che. azAkanA rAjyanI uttara-pazcima sImAne aDIne je rAjya hatuM te yavana (grIka) rALa a*tiyAkanu hatuM . makaduniyAnA mahattvAkAMkSI rAjA sikadara(alekajhAMDara)nA mRtyu pachI pazcima eziyAmAMnA enA mulakA para selyuka(selyukasa)nuM rAjya sthapAyuM katu. e sIriyAmAM rahIne cheka ekriTra (kha, aphadhAnistAna) sudhI zAsana karatA hatA. azAkane samakAlIna grIka rAjA te selyukane pautra atiyeAka (atiyeAkasa) 2 je hatA. eNe I. pU. 261 thI 246 sudhI rAjya kareluM. selyukiDa rAjya sAthe magadhanA rAjyane azAkanA pitAmaha caMdraguptanA samayathI sIdhA sabaMdha hatA. megasthanI e selyukanA elacI tarIke pATaliputra(paTana)mAM rahyo hato. grIka leAkeA AyAniyA(eziyA-mAI tera)mAM ya rahetA hatA. IrAnIe ane bhAratIyeA teeAnA prathama soMpakane laIne sava thrI, leAkAne ceAna' ke 'yavana' nAme oLakhatA. atiyeAkanI samIpanA rAnnae te zailalekha naM. 13 mAM jaNAvyA mujasthya tulamAya, a Mtekina, maga ane alikasudara hatA. ene lekhanA vivecanamAM karIzu. paricaya e 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #257
226 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA Ama azokane A abhilekha aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika dRSTie keTalIka mahatvanI mAhitI purI pADe che. 2. azA zekhama na. 12 2. 1. devAnaMpiyo piyadasi rAjA savapAsaMDAni ca pavajinAni ca gharastAni ca pUjayati dAnena ca vividhAya ca pUjAya pUjayati ne [1] 2. na tu tathA dAna va pUjA va devAnapiyo maMjate yathA kiti sAravaDhI asa ___ savapAsaMDAnaM [1] sAravaDhI tu bahuvidhA [1] 3. tasa tu idaM mUlaM ya vacagutI [1] kiMti AtpapAsaMDamUjA va parapAsaMgarahA va no bhave aprakaraNamhi lahukA va asa 4. tamhi tamhi prakaraNe [1] pUjetayA tu eva parapAsaMDA tena tena prakaraNena [i] evaM karUM AtpapA sa ca vaDhayati parapAsaMDasa ca upakaroti [1] 5. tadaMprathA karoto AptapAsaMDaM ca chaNati parapAsaMDasa ca pi apakaroti [] yo hi kAci AtpapAsaMDaM pUjayati parapAsaMDe va garahati 6. savaM AtpapAsaMDabhatiyA kiMti AtpapAsaMDaM dIpayema iti so ca puna tatha karAto AtpapAsa bADatara upahanAti [1] ta sanavAyo eva sAdhu 7. kiMti aJama basa dharma sruNAru ca susuMsera ca [1] evaM hi devAnaMpiyasa ichA kiMti savapAsaDA bahusrutA ca asu kalANagamA ca asu [1] ye ca tatra tatra prasanA tehi vatavya [1] devAna piyo no tathA dAna va pUjAM va maMjate yathA kiMti sAravaDhI asa sarvapAsaDAna [0] bahukA ca etAya 9. athA vyApatA dhamahA mAtA ca ithIjhakhamahAmAtA ca vacabhUmIkA ca atre ca nikAyA [1] ayaM ca etasa phalaM ya AtpapAsaMDabaDhI ca hoti dhamasa ca dIpanA [1] - giranAra devone priya priyadarzI rAjA sarva saMpradAyane - saMnyAsIone tathA grahasthane dAna vaDe tathA vividha pUja vaDe pUje che. paraMtu dAnane ke pUjAne devAno priya eTaluM nathI mAnato, jeTaluM-zuM ?-ke sarva saMpradAyanI sAra-vRddhi thAya. paNa sAra-vRddhi bahu jAtanI che. enuM A mULa che, ke vANIno saMyama. kevI rIte ? pitAnA saMpradAyanI pUjA ke parasaMpradAyanI niMdA akAraNa na thAya ne For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #258
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha 227 te te kAraNe thoDIka (ja) thAya. UlaTuM para-saMpradAyone te te prakAre pUjavA joIe. ema karanAra pitAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi kare che ne parasaMpradAya para paNa upakAra kare che. ethI UlaTuM karanAra pitAnA saMpradAyane hAni kare che ne parasaMpradAya para apakAra kare che, kemake je kaI potAnA saMpradAyane pUje che ke parasaMpradAyane niMde che-badhuM pitAnA saMpradAyanI bhakitathI ja ke pitAnA saMpradAyane dIpAvuM'-te te tema karatAM pitAnA saMpradAyane sArI peThe hAni kare che. tethI saMyama ja sAre che. kema? a nyano dharma saMbhaLe (jANe) ne sAMbhaLavA (jANavA) Icche. devonA priyanI A IcchA che. zI ? sarva saMpradAyo bahuzruta ane kalyANa siddhAMtavALA thAya. jeo te te (saMpradAya) vize prasanna hoya, temane kahevuM-devone priya dAna ke pUjAne teTaluM nathI mAnato, jeTaluM zuM?-sarva saMpradAyanI sAravRddhi thAya A hetu mATe bahu dhama-mahAmAtra strI-adhyakSa mahAmAtra ane vrajabhUmike ane (rAjapuruSano) bIjo nikAya (samUha) nIme che. ne enuM A phaLa che, ke pitAnA saMpradAyanI vRddhi thAya che ne dharmanI dIpanA (thAya che.) azoka sAMpradAyika bAbatomAM vizALa daSTi dharAvato. lalekha naM. 7 mAM jaNAvyuM che ke devano priya rAjA Icche che ke sarva saMpradAya sarvatra vase, kema ke te sarva saMyama ane bhAvazuddhi Icche che. 12 A lekhamAM e sahiSNutA ane saha-astitva uparAMta paraspara saMparka ane jANakArI mATe anurodha kare che. A lekhane mULa pATha liyaMtara sAthe huze saMpAdita karelA "Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum", Vol. I mAM tema ja pAMDeya-kRta 'zAve ke mAM" mAM prasiddha thayo che. 13 azokanA lekhamAM vAsaMs (93) zabda saMpradAyanA arthamAM vaparAya che, "pAkhaMDa' eTale (sva)dharmavidhI ke paradhamI saMpradAya evA arthamAM nahi. emAM be varga hatAH (1) pravajito eTale ke dIkSA laI pratrajyA (parivayA) dharma pALanAra sAdhu-saMnyAsIo ane (2) gRhastha (saMsAramAM rahenAra gRhasthAzramIe). azoka sarva saMpradAya tarapha AdarabhAva darzAve che ke te sarvanI unnati icche che. A mATe e vANInA saMyamanI bhalAmaNa kare che, kemake sAmAnyataH dareka saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo potAnA saMpradAyanI stuti ane parasaMpradAyanI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #259
228 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ! niMdA karatA hoya che. Ama karavAthI huM pitAnA saMpradAyane dIpAvuM chuM ema mAne che, paraMtu kharekhara to e ene ghaNI hAni kare che. te zuM karavuM ? parasaMpradAyanA dUSaNa aMge mauna sevavuM? hA, vinA kAraNe enI kaMI niMdA na karavI; ne kadI kaMI kAraNa AvI paDe, tyAre enI niMdA ochAmAM ochI karavI. A bAbatamAM bane teTale vANIno saMyama rAkhavo. A thayuM sahiSNutAnuM abhAvAtmaka valaNa. e pUratuM nathI. azoka to Icche che ke parasaMpradAyanI sarva prakAre prazaMsA karavI. kharI vAta e che ke saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo para saMpradAya vize pUratI ne kharI mAhitI dharAvatA nathI ne mAtra pUrvagraha sevyA kare che. AthI dareka saMpradAye e bAbatamAM bahuzruta banavAnI jarUra che. je sarva saMpradAye vize jANakArI dharAve che ne udAra daSTi rAkhe che, te te UlaTuM pasaMpradAyanI paNa prazaMsA kare che. ema karavAthI e pitAnA saMpradAyanI pratiSThA vadhAre che ne parasaMpradAyane paNa lAbha kare che. A rIte sarva saMpradAyanI unnati thaI zake. A udAra valaNa dvArA potAnA saMpradAyanI abhivRddhi thAya che ne dharmane abhyadaya thAya che. agAu Aya, vyaya, sainya, nyAya ItyAdi aneka viSane lagatAM adhikaraNa (khAtAM hatAM ne e dareka adhikaraNa mATe mahAmAtra nimAtA. paraMtu dharmanuM adhikaraNa nahotuM. azoke rAjyAbhiSekane tera varSa thayAM tyAre dhama-mahAmAtronI nimaNUka karI hatI.14 e mahAmAtro sava saMpradAyanA anuyAyIonAM hitasukha mATe dhyAna rAkhatA. evI rIte strIonA hitasukhanuM dhyAna rAkhavA strI-adhyakSa rU5 mahAmAtra nimAtA. vraja arthAta gAyo, bheMsa, bakarAM, gheTAM vagere DhoranuM dhyAna rAkhavA mATe paNa mahAmAtra hatA, te "vrajabhUmika' kahevAtA.15 kauTilyanA arthazAstramAM ga-adhyakSanI pharajo jaNAvI che, te A adhikArIone lAgu paDe. evI rIte rAjapuruSo(adhikArIo)ne bIje paNa nikAya (samUha) hato. A sarva prakAranA adhikArIoe saMpradAyonI sAravRddhi arthAta unnati thAya tenuM dhyAna rAkhavAnuM hatuM. Ama A lekha parathI dharmasaMpradAyonI bAbatamAM rahelI azokanI vizALa, daSTi, e daSTine prajAjanomAM prasAravA mATe eNe lIdhelA upAyo ne enA samayanA keTalAka adhikArI-vargo vize upayogI mAhitI maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #260
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha 229 1. 3. 5. 3. mana zaikhAle . 13. aThavaSaabhisitasa devanapriasa priadrazisa rakho kaliga vijita [1] diaDhamatre praNazatasahasre ye tato apavuDhe zatasahasramatre tatra hate bahutavatake va muTe [1] tato paca adhuna ladheSu kaligeSu tivra dhramazilana dhramakamata dhramanuzasti ca devanapriyasa [1] so asti anusocana devanapriasa vijiniti kaligani [] avijita hi vijinabhano yA tatra vadha va maraNaM va apavaho va janasa taM baDhaM vedaniyamataM gurumataM ca devana priyasa [1] idapi cu tato gurumatatara devana priyasa ye tatra vasati bramaNa va zramaNa va aMbe va praSaDa grahatha va yesu vihita eSa agrabhuTisuzruSa matapitRSu suzruSa guruna suzruSa mitrasaMstutasahayaatikeSu dasabhaTakana sammapratipati driDhabhatita teSa tatra bhoti apagratho va vadho va abhiratana va nikramaNa [1] yeSa va pi suvihitana' sineho aviprahino e teSa mitrasastutasahayaJatika vasana prapuNati tatra ta pi teSa vo apadhratho moti [1] pratibhaga ca eta satramanuzana gurumata ca devana priyasa [i] nasti ca ekatare pi praSaDaspi na nama prasado [1] so yamatro janA tada kalige hato ca muTo ca apavuDha ca tato zatabhage va sahasrabhaga va aja gurumata vo devana priyasa [0] yo pi ca apakareyati kSamitaviyamate va devana priyasa ya zako kSamanaye [[ ya pica aTavi devana priyasa vijite bhoti ta pi anuneti apunijapeti [1] anutape pi ca prabhave devana priyasa vucati teSa kiMti avatrapeyu na ca ha ayasu [1] ichati hi devanaMpriyo sababhutana akSati saMyama samacariya rabhasiye [1] ayi ca mukhamuta vijaye devanapriyasa yo dhramavijayo [1] so ca puna ladho devana priyasa iha ca saveSu ca aMteSu aSaSu pi yojanazateSu yatra aMtiyoko nama yonaraja paraM ca tena aMtiyokena cature 4 rajani turamaye nAma aMtikini nama maka nama alikasudaro nama nica coDapaDa ava taMbaNiya [1] evameva hida rajaviSavaspi yonaka voyeSu nabhakanabhitina - 9. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #261
230 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 10. bhojapitinikeSu aMdhrapalideSu sarvatra devanaMpriyasa dhramanuzasti anuvaTaMti [1] yatra pi deva-priyasa duta na acaMti te pi zrutu devanaMpriyasa dhramavuTa vidhana dhramanuzasti dhrama anuvidhiyati anuvidhiyiza ti ca [0] yo sa ladhe. etakena bhoti savatra vijayo savatra puna 11. vijayo pritiraso so [1] ladha bhoti priti dhramavijaya spi [1] lahuka tu kho sa priti [0] paratrikameva mahaphala meati devanaMpriyo [1] etaye ca aThaye ayi dhramadipi nipista [1] kiti putra papotra me asu nava vijaya ma vijetavia maaiSu spakaspi yo vijaye kSati ca lahudaMData ca rocetu ta ca yo vijaya maJatu 12. yo dhramavijayo [1] so hidalokiko paralokiko []] sava catirati bhotu ca ghamarati [i] ra di vivida varasyoti [j]. - zAhavA "abhiSekane ATha varSa thayAM tyAre denA priya priyadarzI rAjAe kaliMga deza che. tyAMthI doDha lAkha mANasa keda pakaDAyAM, tyAM eka lAkha mANasa haNAyAM ne (ethI) anekagaNAM mRtyu pAmyAM. tyAra pachI have kaliMga prApta thatAM devanA priyane tIvra dharmazIlana, dharmakAmanA ane dharma-anuzAsana thayela che. kaliMgane jItIne devonA priyane pazcAttApa thayo che, kemake jyAre aNajitAyele deza chatAya che tyAre tyAM mANasane vadha ke maraNa ke apaharaNa thAya che, tene devano priya ghaNuM zocanIya ane bhAre mAne che. paNa Ane devone priye vadhAre mAnyuM che-tyAM brAhmaNo ke zramaNa (sAdhuo) ke bIjA saMpradAya ke gRhastha vase che, jemAM moTerAonI zuzraSA mAtA pitA vize zuzraSA, guonI zuzruSA, mitra-paricita-sahAya-saMbaMdhIo vize tathA dAsa-sevako vize sAro vartAva ane daDha anurAga rahelAM che, teone temAM prahAra, vadha ke priyajanonuM nivasana thAya che. vaLI je svastha janone sneha akhUTa hoya ne teonA mitra-paricita-saMbaMdhIo saMkaTa pAme to tethI teone paNa prahAra thAya che. A sarva manuSyanuM bhAgya che ne tene devone priya bhAre mAne che. ne yavanadeza sivAya koI deza evA nathI ke jyAM A nikAya nathIbrAhmaNo ane zramaNone evo koI deza nathI, jyAM mANasono koI eka saMpradAyamAM anurAga na hoya. tethI tyAre kaliMgamAM jeTalAM mANasa marAyAM, mRtyu pAmyAM ke keda pakaDAyAM, tene somo bhAga ke hajAra bhAga Aje devone priya bhAre For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #262
mahuttvanA prAkRta abhilekha 131: maLe che, je kAI hAni kare, tenuM (te) devAnA priye kSatanya mAnyuM che, je kSamA karI zakAya tevuM hAya. ne devAnA priyanA mulakamAM je aTavI16 che, tenA tarapha paN e anunaya kare che ne ene kabya samajAve che. pazcAttApamAM paNa tene (aTavIvAsIone) devAnA priyane prabhAva kahevAmAM Ave che. zAthI ? ke teo lajjA pAme te hAni na kare. kemake devAnA priya sava bhutAnI a-hAni, sayama ane aparAdhanI bAbatamAM a-pakSapAta icche che. devAnA priye A vijayane mukhya mAnyA che, je dharma-vijaya che. ne te devAnA priye ahIM (A rAjyamAM) tema ja sa` sImAnta pradezAmAM prApta karyAM che, chaseA yAjana paryaMta, jyAM atiyeAka nAme yavanarAja che te te atiyeAkanI pAra cAra 4 rAjAo-turamAya nAme, atikena nAme, maga nAme ane alikasuMdara nAme-che, (temaja) nIce ceALa ane pAMDava rAjyA che, tAmrapaNI pa ta. evI rIte ahIM rAjAnA mulakamAM yavana ane kheAja dezeAmAM, nAbhaka-nAbhapatI dezamAM, bhAja-pautryayaNika dezamAM, aMdha ane puli da dezamAM--badhe devAnA prayanA dharmAMtuzAsana (dhapradeza) pramANe varte che. jyAM devAnA prayanA dUtA jatA nathI, tyAM paNa devAnA priyanA dharmAMtane, vidhAnane, dharmAnuzAsanane sAMbhaLIne (jANIne) pALe che ne pALaze. 66 66 A vaDe satra je vijaya prApta thAya che te vijaya satra prItinA rasavALA hoya che. prIti dhavijayamAM prApta thAya che. para Mtu e prIti kharekhara najIvI che. devAnA priya pAratrika(pAralaukika)ne ja mahAphaLadAyI mAne che, te e hetu mATe A dhamalipi (dhama lekha) mukAvI che, zAthI ? ke mArA putro, (pautro), prapautrI hoya te navA vijayane jItavA jevA na mAnee; potAnA (ke zastranA) vijayamAM kSAMti ane laghu daMDanI nIti pasaMda kare; te je dha'vijaya che tene ja vijaya mAne. e aihalaukika17 (tema ja) pAralaukika che ne je dharmaprIti che tene ja parama prIti mAne, e ailaukika ane paralaukika che.'' * * A lekha "Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum", Vol. I mAM tema ja azoda che. miDhela'mAM mULa lakhANanI khmI sAthe likhatararUpe akSarazaH prakAzita thayA che. 18 * kali'ganuM yuddha e azAkanA jIvananI eka evI ghaTanA che ke jene laI te yuddhanI bAbatamAM enA hRdayapalaTA thayA eTalu ja nahi, enI samagra jIvanadRSTi dha pradhAna banI. A yuddhamAM lAkhA mAsAnI khuvArI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #263
232 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA thaI ne lAkhA mANasa keda pakaDAyAM. yuddhanA A karuNa aMjAme azokanA aMtaramAM pazcAttApanI lAgaNI janmAvI te eNe yuddhanI nItine tilAMjali ApI dharma-bhAvanA keLavI. yuddhamAM sainikone kArAgAra ke vadhanA aMjAma bhAgavavA paDe e svAbhAvika che, paraMtu je dhArmika vRtti ane dhArmika AcaraNa dharAve che te lokone paNa enAthI du;kha paheAMce che. baMdhana, vadha ke mRtyu pAmanAra sainikomAM teonA koI ne koI svajana hoya che, tethI teenA dilane paNa du:kha thAya che. te koI ne koI saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo-brAhmaNA ane zramaNA te dareka pradezamAM hatA ja, sivAya ke azeAkanA vizALa rAjayanI uttarapazcima sImA pAse AvelA yavana dezamAM 19 AthI AvA dhArmika jatAnI lAgaNI dubhAya tevu yuddha karAya nahi. kaliMgamAM ATalI badhI khuvArI thaI tyAre e yuddha samaye azekane A daSTi khUlI nahAtI paratu have A dRSTi khUlatAM ene enA karatAM sAmA ke hajAramA bhAganI khuvArI thAya te teTalI khuvArI paNa ghaNI du: khadAyI lAge che. te jitele| kaliMga deza mukta karI devA ? nA, azoke evu kAMI karyu nathI. kaliMgamAM te aTavI hatI te tyAMnA leAkeA hajI kaMI ne kaMI ra MjADa karatA hatA. teone pahelAM sAma-nItithI samajAvavAmAM AvatA. tenAM tAphAnAnI bAbatamAM jeTalu mApha karI zakAya teTaluM mApha karavAmAM AvatuM. paraMtu enA atha evA nahetA ke mauya samrATa tAkAnIone kAMI karaze ja nahi ane tAkAne mATe chUTA dera levA deze. kharI rIte e lAkoe samajIne potAnAM apamRtyu mATe zaramAvuM joI e ne teAphAna karavAnu cheADI devu joi e. chatAM tene rAjAne pratApa paNa batAvavA joI e, jethI teenA para rAjAnI dhAka rahe. Ama azAke tAphAnI tattvA a Mge udAra nIti apanAvI, paraMtu jarUra paDatAM e dAba rAkhavAnuM cUkatA nahi. azAke bane tyAM sudhI ahiMsAnI nIti apanAvI, paraMtu rAjanItimAM ahiMsAne ya maryAdA hatI. kharI rIte dha vijaya e ja khare| vijaya che. dharmavijaya eTale dhArmika vijaya, nyAyI vijaya evA arthe ahIM uddiSTa nathI. lokonA hRdaya para rAjAnI dhamabhAvanAne vijaya thAya te leAkeA ene dharmAMpadeza grahaNa karI enI dhamabhAvanAne AcaraNamAM aMgIkAra kare enuM nAma dharmavijaya. A vijaya prItirasathI bharele heAya che. A vijaya hiMsA ke damana dvArA nahi. paNa prIti dvArA prApta karAya che. alabatta emAM prIti ya gaNa che; e kaI sAdhya ke mukhya sAdhana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #264
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 233 O nathI. yuddhathI meLavAtA vijaya te A lekamAM tema ja paraleAkamAM paNa lAbhadAyI nIvaDe che. ene kharA mahimA emAM rahelA che. teA zu` rAjAe kadI yuddha na karavu ? pAte pahela karIne rAjyavistAranA leAbhe ke vijaya meLavavAnI lAlasAthI kadI yuddha na karavu. paraMtu sAmA pakSa taraphathI peAtAnA rAjya para AkramaNa karavAmAM Ave tyAre tene sAmane jarUra karavA. arthAt yuddhanI bAbatamAM samaju rAjAe AkramaNAtmaka nItine badale mAtra saMrakSaNAtmaka nIti rAkhavI ne AvI paDelA saMrakSaNAtmaka vijayanI bAbatamAM ya zatrupakSanA sainiko tarapha bane teTalI kSAntinI ane haLavA daMDanI-haLavI sajAnI udAra nIti rAkhavI. dhavijaya e ja kharA vijaya che ne dharmanI prIti e ja kharI prIti che. potAnA putrA, pautra, prAtrA vagere vaMzajo A nItine anusaratA rahe e mATe azeke A dhamalekha kotarAvyA che. azAka A lekhAne dhama lipi' kahe che, emAM 'lipi'zabda lekha(lakhANu)nA arthamAM prayAjAyA che. A lekhamAM prAsalaiMgika rIte azAka peAtAnA rAjyanA prAMtAne tema ja ahAranAM rAjayAnA ullekha kare che, e aitihAsika dRSTie mahattvatA che. e peAtAnA rAjyamAM yavana ane bheja, nAbhaka-nAbhapati, bhAja-caitryayaNika ane AMdhra-puliMdanA khAsa nirdeza kare che. AmAM yavana prAMta aneka meja prAMta bhAratanI uttara-pazcima sImA pAse AvelA hatA. yavana prAMta ke dAra(adhAnistAna)nI AsapAsa AveleA pradeza hatA, jyAM yavaneA(grIkA)nI vasAhata hatI ne jyAM azAke eka dhalekha grIka bhASAmAM lakhAvyA hatA. ka kheAja prAMta kAzmIranA dakSiNa-pazcima bhAgamAM AvelA rAjaurI(prAcIna rAjapura)nI AsapAsa AvyA hatA.20 pAkistAnanA vAyavya sarahada prAMtane hajArA jileA paNa kheAja dezamAM AvyeA haze, jyAM azokanA cauda zailalekhAnI eka prata kotarelI che.21 A lekhamAM 'bhAjapetenika' (prAkRtamAM) zabda che tene badale zailalekha naM. 5 mAM rAsTika-petenika' zabda vaparAyA che. keTalAka petenika' nA atha mahArASTranA prAcIna pATanagara pratiSThAna(paiThaNu)nI AsapAsane pradeza evA TAve che teA keTalAka ene athautryayaNika eTale ke bApIko, vaMzapara MparAgata evA kare che.22 A loko mahAbhAja ke mahArASTrika lAkA hovA joI e.23 A aparAMta deza hatA. emAM koMkaNanA zUraka (seApArA) nagaramAM azeAkanA zailalekhAnI eka prata kotarAI hatI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #265
234 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA nAbhapaMti lokone nAbhaka deza barAbara oLakhAyo nathI, paraMtu e yavanakaMboja ane bhoja-pekenikanI vacce Avela sarahadI pradeza hevo joIe.24 aMpradeza e AMdhra pradeza che. puliMda deza aMpradezanI uttare jabalapuranI AsapAsa Avyo haze, jyAM rUpanAthamAM azokanA gauNa zailalekhonI prata maLI che.25 A badhA pradeza azokanA rAjyanI aMdara AvelA sarahadI prAMta hatA. have azokanA rAjyanI bahAranA rAjyane vicAra karIe. emAMnA yavana rAjA aMtiyekano ullekha agAu zailalekha naM. 2 mAM AvI gayo che. e hato. pazcima eziyAnI grIka rAjA aMtiyaka (aMtisekasa) 2 je, je selyukaselyukasa)no pautra hato ne sIriyAmAM rahI rAjya karato hato. (I.pU. 261-246). enI pAra cAra rAjA hatA turamAya, aMtekina, maga ane alikasudara. Amane turamAya te misarano grIka rAjA tolemI ra jo (I.pU. 285-247) che, je te lemI 1 lAno putra hato. sikaMdaranuM mRtyu thatAM misaranA grIka mulakamAM senApati tolemIe pitAnI rAjasattA sthAyI dIdhI hatI (I. pU.323). "tolemIne uccAra "tulamAya" thato haze ne enuM ahIM "turamAya" rUpAMtara thayuM lAge che. aMtakina athavA aMtikini e mekeDoniyA (makaduniyA)no rAjA aMtigenasa gotasa (I.pU. ra77-239) hato. maga e uttara AphrikAmAM AvelA. kIrInI nAme grIka rAjyano rAjA magasa hato. e I. pU. 300 thI 250 nA arasAmAM, prAyaH lagabhaga I. pU. 282-258 mAM, rAjya karato hato. alika-- sudara e spaSTataH "alekajhAMdarInuM rUpAMtara che. makaduniyAne mazahUra alekajhAMdara (sikaMdara) to I.pU. 323 mAM mRtyu pAmyo hato jyAre bhAratamAM magadhamAM naMdavaMzanA chellA rAjAnuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM. e pachI tyAM naMdavaMzanI jagyAe maurya vaMzanI sattA pravatI ne azoka e vaMzane trIjo rAjA hato. azokanA samayane atikasudara e kAM to epirasano rAjA alekajhAMdara (I.pU. ra72 thI lagabhaga 255) athavA to keriMthano rAjA alekajhAMDara (I. pU. 2para thI lagabhaga I. pU. 244) hato.27 epirasa ane kariMtha e baMne grIsanI aMdara AvelAM nagara-rAjya hatAM. aMtiyakanuM rAjya I.pU. 261 mAM zarU thayuM hatuM ne maganuM I.pU. 258 mAM pUruM thayuM hatuM te lakSamAM letAM A alekajhAMDara epirasano hoya e ja baMdha bese, kemake kariMthane elekajhAMdara to I.pU. 258 pachI I.pU. raparamAM gAdIe Avyo hoI enA samayamAM maga hayAta hoI zake nahi. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #266
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 23yA azokanA A lekhamAM thayelA A prAsaMgika ulalekha parathI ene pazcima eziyA, grIsa ane makaduniyA temaja uttara AphrikAnAM grIka rAjyo sAthe sIdhe saMbaMdha hovAnuM spaSTa thAya che. Ama A zilAlekha aneka rIte mahattva che. emAM azokanA hadayapalaTAnuM kAraNa, yuddhanI bAbatamAM enI navI nIti, tophAnI tattavo taraphanuM enuM vyAvahArika valaNa, dharma mATenI tenI tamannA, enA saMparkanAM deza-videzanAM rAjya, enA rAjyanA sarahadI prAMto tathA eNe potAnA rAjyamAM tathA anya rAjyamAM karAvelA dharmAnuzAsana (dharmopadeza) vize ghaNuM upayogI mAhitI. maLe che. 4. azAkane taMbhalekha naM. 2 1. devAnaMpiye piyadasi lAja 2. devaM mAdA [1] baMne sAdhu [1] liye 3 dhaMme ta [] gavAsine Tu-vacAne . ne sarve soLe [i] caturAne pi me vasuviSe viMne [1] supara - 4. catupadesu pakhi-vAlicalesu vividhe me anugahe kaTe A pAna - 5. dAkhinAye [1] anAni pi ca me bahUni kayAnAni kaTAni [1] etAye me. 6. aThAye iyaM dhamalipi likhApitA devaM anupahipajaMtu cilaM7. thitikA ca hotU tI ti [1] ye ca hevaM saMpaTi jIsati se sukaTaM kaMchatI ti [1] harI-Topara. "devono priya priyadarzI rAjA Ama kahe che- dharma sAre che. paNa dhama kevo che? Asinava,28 bahu kalyANa, dayA, dAna, satya (ane). zauca (zucitA arthAta zuddhatA). meM cakSunuM dAna paNa bahu prakAranuM dIdhuM che. be pagAM ane copagAM vize (tema ja) pakSIo ane jalacaro vize meM vividha anugraha karyo che, prANa-dAkSiNya sudhI. meM bIjAM paNa bahu kalyANa karyA che. A hetu mATe meM A dharmalipi (dharmalekha) lakhAvI che, ke (lekI) ene anuva ane e lAMbo samaya Take. je Ama sArI rIte anuvartaze te sukRta karaze." * * For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #267
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA azAke jema cauda dhama lekhAnI lekhamAlA zaileA para DhAtarAvI hatI tema sAta. dha lekheAnI bIjI lekhamAlA zilAtabhA para UtarAvI hatI. A staMbhalekhA pa MjAba, u. pra. ane bihAramAM maLyA che. emAMnA A lekha naM. 2 che. '"Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum," Vol. ImAM tema ja gazo ke amichela 'mAM enuM chaSmI sAthe likhatara prakAzita thayelu che.31 6 236 dhama' sArA che te ethI enu AyaraNa karavu joI e e sahu jANe che. paNa dhama' eTale zuM? azAka A lekhamAM dhamanuM svarUpa samajAve che. dharma eTale Asinava dhaTADavuM ane kalyANu vadhAravuM te. manuSyanA manamAM kudarate sArInarasI vRttie mUkelI che.32 zubhavRttie duSkRta karavA lalacAve che. dharmane mArge cAlanAre pahelAM tA duSkRtane tyAga karavAnA che ne pachI sukRtamAM parAyaNu rahevAnuM che. paraMtu manamAM sattva uparAMta rajasa ane tamasa e e guNa pa ochAvattA pramANamAM rahelA che. AthI sAmAnya manuSyA mATe pApavRttimAMthI sadaMtara mukta thavuM muzkela che. tethI azoka 'alpa Asinava' ane bahu kalyANa' mATe bhalAmaNa kare che. duSkRta alpamAM apa karavuM te sukRta vadhumAM vadhu karavuM e dareka jAgrata manuSya khyAlamAM rAkhI zake te AcarI zake. jema krUratA, niSThuratA, krodha, abhimAna ane irSyA jevA dugu NA Asinava tarapha laI jAya che, tema dayA, dAna satya ane zuddhatA jevA sadguNA kalyANu karavA prere che. azAka A bAbatamAM 'parIpadeze pAMDitya' darzAvatA nathI. peAte kalyANA (sukRtA) kare che ne peAtAnA AcaraNanuM dRSTAMta ApIne khIjAene enA upadeza Ape che. pote ghaNAM kalyANa karyAM che. kUvA khAdAvavA, vRkSa reApAvavAM vagere paramArtha -kAya e karatA te agAunA rAjAo! paNa karatA. azAka ahIM evAM sAmAnya sukRtAne na gaNAvatAM viziSTa sukRtAnuM dRSTAMta de che. e che cakSurrAnanuM sukRta. cakSurdana eTale zu ? keTalAke ene atha 'divya cakSu' karyAM che ne emAM rAjAe khIjAone dhArmika jIvananI dRSTi AppAne atha TALyA che. paraMtu pachInA vAkayamAM mAnavetara prANIoneA tathA prANa-dAkSiNyanA ullekha Ave che te parathI ahIM zArIrika cakSune ja atha uddiSTa che.33 agAunA samayamAM zArIrika sajAmAM -aMgacchedanI tathA dehAMtanI sajA pharamAvavAmAM AvatI. aparAdhInA aparAdhanA prakAranA pramANe dharmAdhyakSA (nyAyAdhIze|) niyamasara AvI sA pharamAvatA, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #268
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 237 paraMtu rAja dhAre te emAM mAphI ApI zakato. aMgacchedamAM sahuthI bhAre sajA cakSachedanI hatI. azoka AvI sajAmAM anekavAra mAphI Apato. AthI jenAM cakSu pheDI nakhAvAnAM hatAM, tene jANe cakSu pAchAM maLyAM evuM lAgatuM. jema dehAMtadaMDa pAmelA aparAdhIne e daMDamAM mAphI maLe, to ene "jIvanadAna maLyuM gaNAya, tema cakSachedanI sajAvALAne mAphI maLatAM cakSuddana maLyuM gaNAya. azoka haLavI sajAnI bhalAmaNa karatA tema ja dehAMtadaMDane aparAdhIone paNa kRpAnA traNa divasa Apato ne e daramyAna teonA saMbaMdhIo adhikArIone teone jIvana devA samajAvI zake to tema karavA taka Apato.34 azoka pite to cakSudAna uparAMta prANadAna sudhInuM dAkSiNya (kRpA) darzAvato. ene A anugraha (kRpA) manuSya pUrato maryAdita nahotA. bepaga tema ja copagAM, pakSIo tema ja jalacare - sahu prakAranAM prANIo tarapha e anugraha karato. "dAMta sATe dAMta ane AMkha sAme AMkha nA nyAye (niyame) mAnavetara prANIone paNa aMgaccheda tathA dehAMtanI sajA thatI haze evo artha ahIM abhipreta lAge che. azoke A dharmalekha lakhAvIne zilAtaMbha para kotarAvyo che, jethI e lAMbo samaya Take. paNa enI pAchaLa eno hetu pitAnI cirakAlIna kati ke nAmanA rAkhavAno nahi, paNa e dharmalekha vAMcIne loko e pramANe vartatA rahe ne e lekha lAMbo samaya Take te loko eno lAbha lAMbo samaya letA. rahe e che. e kahe che ke A lekha pramANe je vartana karaze te sukRta karaze ne A lokamAM tema ja paralokamAM hitasukha pAmaze. 5, bhAgabhadranA samayane besanagara gaDhaDastaMbhalekha 1. devadevasa vAsudevasa garuDadhvaje ayaM 2. rite phalma phesTigoDhoLa mA - 3. vatena diyasa putreNa takhkhasilAkena 4. yonadUtena Agatena mahArAjasa 5. aMtalikitasa upaMtA sakAsaM rano 6. kosIputrasa bhAgabhadrasa trAtArasa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #269
234 7. vasena catudasena rAjena vadhamAnasa [1] triti amutapadAni ia suanuThitAni 2. neyaMti svarga dama cAga apramAda [1] devAnA deva vAsudeva(kRSNa)ne A garuDadhvaja ahI mahArAja aMtatilakitanI pAsethI rAnna kautsIputra bhAgabhadra trAtA, je rAjyanA caudamA varSe vRddhi pAmI rahyA che temanI pAse AvelA takSazilAnA yavanadUta, diyanA putra, bhAgavata heliyeAdAre karAvyo che. 8. HH * traNa amRta pade ahIM sArI rIte AcaravAmAM Ave te svage laI jAya cheH dama, tyAga (ane) apramAda.'' bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA A lekha paNa prAkRta bhASAmAM che. e mesanagara arthAt vidizAnagara (ji. bhApAla, madhyapradeza)mAM zilAsta Mbha para kotarelA che. tyAM Akara deza(pUrva mALavA)nI rAjadhAnI vidizA hatI. tyAM bhagavAna vAsudeva(vasudevanA putra zrIkRSNa)nu maMdira haze, te enI AgaLa garuDanA dhATanI zirAvaTIvALe staMbha UbhA karavAmAM AvyuM haze. hAla e maMdira tathA A staMbha paranI garuDa zirAvaTI meAjUda nathI. A staMbha paranA lekha 'Select Inscriptions'' mAM Book II nA naM. 2 tarIke ApelA che. prAcIna mAratIya marevAMA adhyayana' nA pla3 2 mAM paNa Apele che (pR. 24). * * A lekha bhAgavata saMpradAyanA prAcIna prasAra para prakAza pADe che. bhagavAna vAsudevanA upAsakonA saMpradAya tyAre 'bhAgavata' nAme oLakhAtA. bhagavAna vAsudeva viSNu bhagavAnanA avatAra gaNAtA. garuDa viSNu bhagavAnanu vAhana che. AthI jema zivanA maMdira AgaLa nadInu pratIka hoya che, tema viSNunA maMdira AgaLa garuDanu hoya che. vidizAmAM tyAre bhAgabhadra nAme rAjA rAjaya karatA hatA. e kautsIneA putra hatA arthAt enAM mAtA kautsa gotranAM hatAM. e samaye ghaNA rAjAe sAmAnya rIte mAtRgeAtranA nAme oLakhAtA. pa A garuDadhvaja karAvyo e banAva A For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #270
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha ra39 rAjAnA rAjyakAlanA 14 mAM varSe ba. tyAre tyAM kaI saLaMga saMvata pracalita nahoto. lipinA mareDa parathI A lekhane samaya I. pU. 2 jI-1 lI sadIne AMkavAmAM Avyo che. 36 bhAgavata saMpradAya e samaye vidizAmAM ATalo pracalita hato e ullekha e saMpradAyanA itihAsamAM mahattvano nIvaDyo che. A garuDadhvaja yavana (grIka) jAtinA eka bhAgavate (bhAgavata saMpradAyanA anuyAyIe) karAvyo hato e parathI grIka jevA videzIo bhAratamAM vasIne ahIMnA AvA dhama-saMpradAya aMgIkAra karatA hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. e prAcIna videzI jAtionA bhAratIyIkaraNa vize ahIM prakAza paDe che. A yavana bhAgavatanuM nAma heliyodora (heliyodorasa) hatuM. enA pitAnuM nAma diya (dina) hatuM. e takSazilAnA yavana rAjA mahArAja aMtalikita( aMtilAlakidAsa )nA dUta(elacI) tarIke vidizAnA rAjA bhAgabhadra pAse Avelo hato. e yavana (grIka) rAjA bAlika dezathI AvelA bhAratIya-yavana rAjAonA vaMzano hato. paMjAbamAM sattArUDha thayelA e videzI rAjavaMzane bhAratanAM anya rAjya sAthe AvA rAjakIya saMbaMdha hatA. aMtalikita "mahArAja' biruda dharAvate; bhAgabhadra mAtra "rAjA" kahevAto. tyAre bhAratIya rAjAone evAM meTAM biruda dharAvavAne zokha nahoto. maurya azoka jevo samrATa paNa pitAne rAjA" tarIke oLakhAto. "mahArAja' "rAjAdhirAja" ane "mahArAjAdhirAja' jevAM mahAbiruda bhAratamAM A videzI rAjavaMzoe pracalita karyA.37 bhAgabhadra e zuMga vaMzano pAMca rAjA bhadraka hovo saMbhave che.38 'gAtA" e kharI rIte grIka biruda Soter(tAraNahAra)nuM bhAratIya rUpAMtara che. A biruda bhAratIya rAjAo nahi paNa bhAratIya-yavana rAjAo mATe prayojAtuM. chatAM A lekhamAM e biruda bhAgabhadra mATe prayojAyuM che te prAyaH A lekhanuM lakhANa heliyodore ke enA keI grIka adhikArIe ghaDyuM hoya te kAraNe haze.39 lekhanA aMte traNa amRta-padane lagatuM subhASita ApavAmAM AvyuM che. dama eTale Indriyadamana, tyAga eTale bhoga-vilAsano tyAga ane apramAda eTale pramAda(bedarakArI, ALasa, nikriyatA)no abhAva. A traNa sadgaNo amRta(amaratva)nAM pada (sthAna) che ne svarge laI jAya che. A subhASitane maLatuM vidhAna mahAbhAratamAM paNa Ave che.40 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #271
240 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 6. khAravelane hAthIguphA guphAlekha 4. 1, namo arahaMtAnaM [0] namo savasidhAnaM [1] aireNa mahArAjena mahAmeghavAhanena cetirAjavaMsavadhanena pasathasubhalakhanena caturaMtaluThaNaguNa-upetena kaliMgAdhipatinA sirikhAravelena paMdarasavasAni sIrikaDArasarIravatA kIDitA kumArakIchikA []] tato lekha-rUpagaNanA-vavahAra-vidhi-visAradena savavijAvadAtena navavasAni yovaraja psaasit|| saMpuNacatuvIsativaso tAni vadhamAnasesayovanAbhivijayo tatiye kaliMgarAjavase purisayuge mahArAjAbhisecanaM pApunAti [1] abhiAsatamato ca padhame vase vAtavihatagApurapAkAranivesanaM paTisaMravArayati kaliMganagarikhibIraM[] sitalataDAgapADiyA ca baMdhApati savUyAnapaTisaMthapanaM ca kArayati panati(si)sAhi satasahasehi pakatiyo ca raMjayati [1] dutiye ca vase acitayitA sAtakani pachimadisaM hayagajanararadhabahulaM daMDaM paMThApayati [1] kanhabeNAgatAya ca senAya vitAsiti asikacagaraM [1] tatiye puna vase gaMdhavaveda budh| dapanatagItavAditasaMdasanAhi usavasamAjakArApanAhi ca kIDApayati __nagariM [] tathA cavuthe vase vijJAdharAdhivAsaM ahatapuvaM kaliMgapuvarAjanive sitaM......vitadhamakuTa......ca nikhitachata - 6. bhiMgAre hitaratanasateye savaraThikabhojake pAde vaMdApayati [0] paMcame ca dAnI vase naMdarAjativasasataAghATitaM tanasuliyavATA paNADi nagaraM pavesayati sA......[1] abhisitA ca chaThe vase rAjaseyaM saMdaMsayatA savakaravaNa7. anugaha-anekAni satasahasAni visajati porajAnapadaM [1] satamaM ca vasaM pasAsato vajiraghara......sa matukapada......kuma......[1] aThame ca vase . mahatA senA......goradhagiri 8. ghAtApayitA rAjagaha upapIDayati [1] etinA ca kaMmapadAnasaMdAnena......sena vAhane vipamucitu madhuraM apayAto yavanarAja[Dimita ?]......yati...... palava...... kaparukhe hayagajarathasaha yati savadharAvAsa......savagahaNaM ca kArayitu brahmaNAnaM jayaparihAraM dadAti [] arahata......[navame ca vase]... For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #272
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 10. 21 .. mahAvijayapAsAdaM kArayati aThatisAya satasahasehi [1] dasame ca base sir [ma] bharadhavasa paThA ( ? ) naM mahA ( hI ) jayanaM (?) ekAdasame ca vase...... pAyAtAnaM ca maniratanAni upalabhate [?] kArApayati [1] 11. ..... puvaM rAjanivesitaM pIthuDaM gadabhanaMgalena kAsadati [1] janapadabhAvanaM ca terasavasasatakataM bhidati trabhiradaha (?) saMghAtaM [1] bArasame ca vase...... sahasehi vitAsayati utarApadharAjAno... 12. mAgadhAnaM ca vipulaM bhayaM janeto hathasaM gaMgAya pAyayati [1] mAgadhaM ca rAjAna bahasatimita' pAde vaMdApayati [] naMdarAjanIta ca kAliMgajina saMnivesa......aMgamagadhavasu ca nayati [1] ... 13. ...katu N jaTharalakhilagopurANi siharANi nivezayati satavibhikana parihArehi [] abhutamachariyAM ca hathInivAsa parihara... hayahathiratanamAnikaM paMDarAjA... mutamaniratanAni AharApayati idha satasahasadani 14. sino vasIkaroti [] terasame ca vase supavatavijayacake kumArIpavate arahate ha pakhinasaMsitehi kAya nisIdiyAya yApUjAvakehi rAjabhitini cinavatAni vAsA - sitAni pUjAnuratayvA saNakhAravelasirinA jIvadehasayikA parikhAtA [1] 15. ... sakatasamaNa suvihitAnAM ca savadisAna jatina ( ? ) tapasiisina saMghiyana arahatanisIdiyAsamIpe pAbhAre varAkArasamuthApitAhi anekayojanAhitAhi ... silAhi ... 16. catare ca veDuriyegabhe thaMbhe patiThApayati pAnatarIyasata sahasehi [1] mukhiyakala - vochina ca coyaThiaM / saMtikaM turiya upAdayati [1] khemarAjA sa vaDharAjA sa bhikhurAjA dhamarAjA pasaMtI sunaMto anubhavato kalAnAni 17. guNavisesakusalo savapAsaMDapUjako savadevAyatanasakArakArako apatihatacakavAhana balo cakadharo gutacako pavatacako rAjasibasUkula vinizrito mahAvijayo rAjA khAravelasiri [1] "aI tAne namaskAra. sarva siddhIne namasra Arya ( vIra) mahArAna mahAmedhavAhana ceta' (ke 'ceti') rAjavaMzanI vRddhi karanAra, prazasta zubha lakSaNavALA, sakala bhuvanamAM vyApelA (ke sakala bhuvananA rakSaNarUpI) guNa dharAvatA, kaliMga 16 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #273
ra4ra bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA adhipati zrI khAravela piMgaladeha dhAraNa karI paMdara varSa kumAra-kIDA khelyA. pachI lekha, rUpa, gaNanA, vyavahAra ane vidhimAM vizArada ane sarvavidyAthI avadAta thaI emaNe nava varSa yauvarAjyanuM zAsana karyuM. vIsa varSa pUrNa thatAM tyAre zeSa yauvana ane abhivijaya vadhatAM jatAM e kaliMga-rAjavaMzanA trIjA puruSa-yugamAM mahArAja tarIkeno abhiSeka pAme che. "abhiSeka thayA pachI prathama varSe pavanathI nukazAna pAmelA gApura prAkAra ane AvAsone, kaliMga-nagarIne ane zibirane samarAve che, zItaLa taLAvanI pALIo baMdhAve che, ne sarva udyAno uddhAra kare che; ne 35 lAkha (kASapaNo) vaDe prajAnuM raMjana kare che. ane dvitIya varSe zAtakaNino vicAra karyA vinA pazcima dizA tarapha azvagaja-ra-rathathI bharapUra sainya mokale che, ne kRSNA nadInA tIre gayelI senA vaDe RSika nagarane trAsa Ape che. pachI tRtIya varSe gaMdharvavedanA jANakAra evA e nagarIne darpa(eka prakAranuM mallayuddha), nRtya, gIta, ane vAditra (vAgha) batAvIne tema ja utsava ane samAja karAvIne khIlave che. evI rIte caturtha varSe vidyAdharethI vasAyelA arakatapura para kaliMganA agAunA rAjAonA dhama vaDe ke teonI nIti vaDe sarvatra dhamakUTa dvArA prazAsana kare che, ne bhaya ane trAsa pAmelA, chatra ane bhaMgAra (kalaza) mUkI dIdhelA ane jeonI ratna-saMpatti jhUMTavAI gaI che tevA sava rASTrikone tathA bhojakane page namAve che. ne have paMcama varSe naMdarAjAe traNa varSa para kholelI, tanalIya mArganI praNALAne (naherane) nagaramAM dAkhala karAve che. abhiSeka thayAne ke varSe rAjabhava darzAvatA e para tathA jAnapada janomAM sarva prakAranA anugraha karAvatA lAkho (kApaNa) vahece che. ne sAtame varSe lAkha (kASapaNo) vaDe seMkaDo khaDjha, chatra, dhvaja, ratha, rakSaka ane azvonA samUhonuM pradarzana tathA sarva maMgala karAve che. ne AThame varSe moTI senA sAthe mathurA pahoMcIne garathagirine mArIne rAjagRhane raMjADe che; ne tenA pratyAkramaNanA nAdathI bIdhelAM si tathA vAhanone choDavA mATe mathurA cAlyA jaIne narendra (rAjA) sarva grahavAsIone, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #274
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha 243 sarva (rAjasevakane ane sarva) gRhapatione (ane sarva brAhmaNone) khAna-pAna Ape che; kaliMga jAya che, pallavonA bhAravALuM kalpavRkSa, avo, ga, nareza ane rathe sAthe jAya che, sarva gRhavAsIone, sarva rAjasevakone, sarva gRhapatione ne sarva brAhmaNone khAnapAna Ape che, ne Ahata (jaina) zramaNo(sAdhuo)ne Ape che, lAkho (kASapaNo) vaDe. ne navame varSe 38 lAkha (kArSopaNa) vaDe kaliMganA rAjAne rahevA mATe zaidUryane mahAvijaya-prAsAda karAve che. ne dasame vaSe ...lAkho (kaSapaNo) vaDe.. karAve che. ane agiyArame varSe... palAyana karI gayelAonAM maNiratna meLave che, kaliMganA agAunA rAjAoe vasAvelA pRthUdaka jaMgalane lAMgala (nadI)mAM kaDhAve che ne terase (ke ekase traNa) varSamAM thayelA timira-hadanA jamAvane nAza kare che. ne bArame varSe lAkho (kApaNo) vaDe..uttarApathanA rAjAone trAsa Ape che, ne magadhanA lokone vipula bhaya janmAvatA, hastI-aone gaMgAmAM pANI pIvarAve che; ne magadhanA rAjA bRhaspatimitrane page namAve che; ne naMdarAja vaDe laI javAyelA kaliMganA jina(tIrthakarone.... aMga-magadhamAMthI kaliMga ANe che, hajAre-azva-gaja-senA ane vAhana sAthe; ne aMga-magadhanA nivAsIone page namAve che; vIsa se mudrAo khacIne daDha suMdara toraNavALAM zikhare vasAve che; adabhuta AzcaryakArI hastI-azva pazuone parihAra karAve che, mRga azvo ane hastIone vaza kare che; pAMDya rAjA pAsethI lAkho vividha alaMkAro tathA motI, maNi ane ra maMgAve che; ne... vAsIone vaza kare che. ne terame varSe vijayacakra sArI rIte pravartatAM, kumArI parvata para, dehavizrAma mATe vasavA mAMgatA ahaMte mATe rAja, rAja-bhrAtAo, rAjaputro, rAjamahiSIo ane zrI khAravele ekaso sattara guphAo karAvI. "(caudame varSe) sata zramaNo mATe tathA suvihita mATe tema ja sarva dizAonA tApasa ane RSio mATe guphA karAve che; uttama khANomAMthI kaDhAvelI ane aneka janamAM rahelI pAMtrIsa lAkha zilAo vaDe zilAstaMbho ane caityo karAve che, paMcetera lAkha (kApaNa) vaDe,...dUryanA garbha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #275
244 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA (aMdaranA bhAga)vALA staMbha sthapAve che, vaidUrya ane nIlamaNi bharelI pAMcase. cityayaSTio karAve che. : "e kSemarAja, e vRddhirAja, e bhikSurAja, dharmarAja, kalyANA(sukRto) jete sAMbhaLo (ane) anubhavato guNavizeSothI kuzaLa, sarva pApaDo(saMpradAya)ne pUjanAra, sarva devAlayane samarAvanAra, jenAM cakra vAhana ane bala (sainya) apratihata che, je cakra dhAraNa kare che, jenuM cakra rakSita che, je cakra pravartAve che, rAjarSivaMza(ke vasu)nA kulamAMthI nIkaLelo te rAjA mahAvijaya zrI khAravela che." orisAmAM bhuvanezvara pAse udayagiri ane khaMDagiri nAme be DuMgara AvelA che. udayagirimAM ghaNI ane khaMDagirimAM thoDI guphAo kaMDArelI che. udayagiri paranI eka guphAnuM nAma "hAthIguMphA" che. emAM eka baraDa zilA upara 17 paMkitano A prAkRta lekha katarelo che. enA keTalAka akSara ukhaDI gayA che ne keTalAka ghaNuM ghasAI gayA che. AthI enA keTalAka akSaronA pATha vize judA judA tarkavitarka thayA che. vaLI enA keTalAka zabdonA artha mATe paNa juidA judA mata pravarte che. A guphAlekha prinsepa, kaniMgahama, mitra, bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI, pUlara, phalITa, jayasvAla, sTena keno, muni jinavijayajI, baruA vagere aneka vidvAnoe vAMcyuM che. muni jinavijayajIe prAcIna gana eNvasaMprada no prathama bhAga A mahattvanA abhilekhanA pATha, bhASAMtara ane vivecana pAchaLa reDyo che. Do. 24.324124 "Old Brahmi Inscriptions in the Udayagiri and Khandgiri Caves" mAM A alilekhanA pATha tathA arthanuM, enI sAthenA anya nAnA guphAlekho sAthe, ethI ya vadhu vistRta vivecana karyuM che. 80 A lekha aneka rIte mahattvano che. azake kaliMga deza cho te pahelAM tyAM naMda vaMzanA rAjAonuM zAsana pravartatuM hatuM evuM enA be ulekho parathI jANavA maLe cheH (1) naMda rAjAe ahIM nahera karAvelI ane (2) naMda rAjA ahIMthI tIrthaMkaranI mUti magadha laI gayelo. e pachI kaliMga deza svataMtra thayo haze, jethI magadhanA mauya rAjA azokane e jItavAnI jarUra paDI. azoka maurye sthApelI magadha sAmrAjyanI sattA ahIM kyAM sudhI TakI e cakkasa kahevuM muzkela che, paraMtu khAravelavALA rAjavaMza I pU. rajI-1lI sadImAM sattArUDha thaye hato eTaluM jANavA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #276
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha 24 kaliMgamAM A rAjavaMza thayo ne e vaMzamAM khAravela jevo udAtta ane udAra rAjavI thayo e A abhilekha parathI jANavA maLyuM che. A lekhamAM khAravelanI kumAra-avasthA, vidyA-upArjana, yauvarAjya, mahArAjAbhiSeka ane e pachInA ekeka varSanA mahattvanA kAryanI noMdha ApavAmAM AvI che. khAravela rAjAe potAnA rAjyakAlanA (teramA ke) caudamA varSe jena zramaNo mATe kumArI parvata para guphA karAvI e A abhilekhano mukhya viSaya che. chatAM A lekha e rAjAnI samasta kArakirdIno varSavAra paddhatisara vRttAMta Ape che e enI vizeSatA che. bauddha bhikSuo mATe guphAo karAvyAnA aneka abhilekha maLyA che. paraMtu jene sAdhuo mATe guphAo karAvyAnA lekha sarakhAmaNIe ochA maLyA che. AthI jaina dharmanA itihAsanI daSTie paNa A lekha mahattvanuM che. jema bauddha dharmane azoka mauryane ne AgaLa jatAM kuSANa rAjA kaniSka 1 lAne meTo Azraya maLe hato tema jaina dharmane kaliMganA rAjA khAravelane Avo Azraya maLyo hato e noMdhapAtra gaNAya. - rAjA khAravelanI rAjakIya kArakirdInI ghaNuM agatyanI mAhitI ahIM varSavAra nirUpavAmAM AvI che. evI rIte prajAnA sAMskRtika abhyadayamAM paNa e rAjAe je vividha pradAna karelAM teno ya ahIM varSavAra vRttAMta ApavAmAM AvyuM che. vaLI khAravela aMgata rIte amuka saMpradAyano protsAhaka hovA chatAM sava saMpradAyane Adara karato e ullekha dvArA azokanI jema khAravelamAM paNa vizALa dharmadaSTi hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. sAMskRtika bAbatomAM e samayanA zikSaNanA viSa, nagara-sthApatyanA vividha prakAro prajAnA manoraMjananAM vividha sAdhane, nagaranI Arthika jarUriyAto, rAjaprAsAdanI bhavyatA, kaliMganA A rAjavaMzamAM pravartatI saMyukata zAsanaprathA, jaina dharmanA sthApatyanA pracalita prakAra, Adarza ane pratApI rAjAnAM lakSaNo ItyAdi aneka bAbato vize upayogI mAhitI maLe che. je dharmane lagatA A sAMpradAyika lekhana AraMbha "ahaMtane namaskAra ane "sarva siddhone namaskAra' evAM maMgala vAkyothI thaye che. mahAmeghavAhana' e sAtavAhana jevuM kula-nAma 1 lAge che. megha (vAdaLa) e IMdranuM vAhana hoI mahA-meghavAhana eTale mahA-Indra (mahendra) evo artha thAya. athavA madha jevuM vAhana" eTale gaja evo artha paNa hoI zake ne For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #277
246 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kaliMganA gaja uttama koTinA gaNutA, tethI tyAMnA rAjA mahA-gajanA vAhana mATe gaurava letA hoya.42 khAravela ceta (saidya) ke ceti (cedi) vaMzano hato. vidyAomAM lekha (lekhanakalA), rUpa (sikakAzAstra), gaNanA (gaNita), vyavahAra (adAlatI prakriyA) ane vidhi(dharmazAstra)no ullekha noMdhapAtra che. paMdara varSa pUrAM thaye yuvarAja mATe pukhta vaya gaNatI. babe rAjAonI eka peDhI gaNAtI evI trIjI peDhImAM khAravelane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo. azoka mauryanA samayamAM bhuvanezvara pAsenI nagarIne tasalI' kahetA; ahIM kahelI kaliMganagarI e haze. prajAnuM raMjana karavuM e rAjAnuM parama kartavya gaNAtuM. rAganuM zabda rajU dhAtumAMthI thaye gaNAto. RSika deza prAyaH kRSNa ane godAvarInI vacce Avela hato. gaMdharvaveda = saMgItazAstra. daMpa ke darpa = eka prakAranuM mallayuddha. samAja = meLAvaDo. rASTrika ane bhejaka jAtine ullekha azokanA abhilebamAM AvI ga che. chatra ane bhaMgAra (suvarNa kaLaza) e rAjacihna gaNAtAM, tanazelI e kadAca tasalI hoya.43 maMgala = vijyanI vidhi. goragiri e ahIM koI giri parvata)nuM nahi, paNa rAjAnuM nAma che. rAjagRha magadhanuM pATanagara hatuM. 'ja nareMdra sava' ne badale keTalAka yavanarAja Dimita vAMce che, ne Dimita= yavana rAjA Dimitra (Dimitriesa) evo artha ghaTAve che.44 teo mathurA cAlyA javAnI vAta e grIka rAjAne lAgu pADe che. kalpavRkSanI sthApanAnI vidhi karavAno adhikAra cakravartI rAjAone hato. magadha paranA vijayanI yAdagIrImAM rAjAnA prAsAdanuM nAma "mahAvijaya" paDayuM lAge che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #278
mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha 287 dasamA varSanA vRttAMtamAM Do. baruA kaliMga-rAjavaMzonA trIjA yuganA aMte kaliMganA pUrva rAjAono yaza-satkAra karAve che evuM vAMce che.45 Do. bhagavAnalAla e paMkitamAM "bhAratavarSa-prasthAna" vAMce che. ' - pAthuDa, pAMduDa, piyuDa ke piNDa e jaMgalanuM nAma hatuM.47 keTalAka mithu-ma nA" ne badale "vuiM kaM 14mAna" vAMce che ne gadheDAnA haLa vaDe kheDAvyuM" athota naSTa karAvyuM" evo artha ghaTAve che.48 magadha sudhI vijayakUca karI rAjA khAravele pitAnA sainyanA gaja-azvone gaMgAnAM pANI pIvarAvyAM. bRhaspatimitra=puSyamitra evo artha sUcavAyo che. kumAraparvata' e khaMDagirinuM nAma hatuM ne "kumArI parvata' udayagirinuM nAma hatuM.49 khAravele silAstaMbha, citya ane cityayaSTio karAvyAM. avataraNa, janma, dIkSA, kevalaprApti ane siddhi e tIrthaMkaranAM pAMca mahAkalyANaka gaNAya che. cakra eTale AjJAcakra, zAsanacakra rAkTa ne badale keTalAka dhArSitra' vAMce che ne khAravela pitAne cedinA rAjA uparicara vasuno vaMzaja gaNAvatA hevAne artha ghaTAve che.50 khAravela Avo pratApa hAI "mahAvijya' tarIke khyAti pAmele; e jaina sAdhuone khAsa protsAhaka hato; uparAMta sarva saMpradAyone saMmAna de ane sarva devAlayone samarAvate e sAMskRtika dRSTie khAsa noMdhapAtra che. 7. huviSkane mathurA zilAlekha, varSa 28 1. saMvatsare 28 gupiye divase 1 ayauM puNya2. zAlA prAcinIkana sarukamAnaputreNa kharAsale6. patina vakanapatinA akSayanIvi dinnA [1] tuto vRddhi4. to mAsAnumAsaM zuddhasya ctunishipunnyshaalaache. caM trAhmaNa pariviSitacce [i] vise divase 6. ca puNyazAlAye dvAramule dhAriye sAdya saktanAM A For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #279
248 7. DhakA 3 lavaNaprastho 1 zaktaprastho 1 haritakalApaka 8. ghaTakA 3 malakA 5 [1] etaM anAdhAnAM kRtena dAtavya 9. bhakSitana tina [] ya catra puNya taM devaputrasya 10. pAhisya huviSkasya [1] yeSA ca devaputro priyaH teSAmapi puNya bhAratIya abhilekhavidhA 11. bhavatu [1] sarvAyi ca pRthivIye puNya savatu [1] akSayanivi dinnA 12. ... rAkazreNIye purAgarAta 550 samitakara shrennii12. ye ca purANazata 550 [1] ''siddham (siddhi thAva.) varSa 28 mAM gupiya mAse divasa 1 e A puNyazAlA (dharmazAlA) kharAsaleranA svAmI, vakrananA svAmI, kanasarukamAnA putra, prAcInIke akSayanIvi(nI rUe) ApI. tenA vyAjamAMthI dara mahine suda caudase puNyazAlAmAM se| brAhmaNa jamADavA; ne dararAja puNyazAlAnA dvAra AgaLa svAdya saMtunA Aka 3, lavaNanA prastha 1, jItu prastha 1, lIlA kalApakanA dhaDA 3 ane mallaka (mATalAM) 5 mUkavAM. A anAtho, bhUkhyAe ane tarasyA mATe ApavuM te ahIM (AmAM) je puNya (maLe), te deva-putra pAhi haviSNunuM (che) ne jeene devaputra priya che tenuM paNa puNya hai. te sakala pRthvInu puNya he. akSayanIvi ApI.....zreNImAM purANa 550; ne ghauM nA leTa vecatI zreNImAM purANa papa0.' * * A lekha saMskRta bhASAnI chAMTavALA prAkRta bhASAmAM che. e "Select Incriptions mAM prasiddha thayelA che, mULa lekhanI khI, lipyaMtara tathA saMskRta anuvAda sAthe.51 * A zilAlekha kuSANa rAjA huviSNu 1 lAnA samayaneA che. ahI e rAjA mATe 'devaputra' ane 'pAhi' biruda vaparAyAM che. 'dhAhi'=rAjA. lekha varSe 28 nA che. e va kaniSka sa Mvatanu che; ne e saMvata prAyaH zaka saMvata che. zaka saMvata pramANe gaNatAM A va-I. sa. 106 Ave. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #280
mahattvanA prAkRta abhilekha 249 gupiya e grIka mAsanuM nAma che; grIkamAM ene gopaisa kahe che. e lagabhaga bhAdrapada mAsamAM Ave che. dAna dharmazAlAnuM dIdhuM che. kharAlera ane vakana e prAyaH sthaLanAma che. vakana e madhya eziyAmAMnuM vakhana (37deg u. 74deg pU) haze. prAcInIka tyAMthI kaMI kAme mathurA Abe lAge che. eNe dAnamAM 1100 purANa (cAMdInA sikkA) akSayanIvinI rUe thApaNa tarIke mUkyA-ardhA eka zreNI pAse ane ardhA bIjI zreNI pAse. akSayanIlimAM mULa mUDI akSaya (akabaMdha) rahe che ne mAtra enA vyAjano ja upayoga karavAnuM hoya che. satu e sekelo javano loTa che. ATaka ane prastha e amuka mApa che. ADhaka lagabhaga maNa (20 ki. grA.) jeTalo che ne prastha ene bhAga (lagabhaga 5 ki. grA.) che. lavaNa-mIThuM, nimaka. lIlA kalApaka(jhUDI)no ghaDe eTale zuM e spaSTa nathI. suda caudasa" ne badale zuddha codasa (khulle) pATha paNa vaMcAya che ne zuddha zabdane "bAja' sAthe ane "codasa zabdane "puNyazAlA" sAthe anvaya karavAmAM Avyo che.para A lekha parathI videzIo paNa A dezamAM AvI kevI dhama-bhAvanA keLavatA ane kevAM dAna karatA tene temaja e samaye puNyazAlAmAM kevA prakAranAM dAna karavAmAM AvatAM tathA dAnanI thApaNa kevI rIte jyAM jamA karAvAtI tene khyAla Ave che. 8. gautamIputra zAtakarNane nAsika guphAlekha, varSa 18 1. sidhaM [1] senAye vejayaMtiye vijaya-khadhAvArA gAvadhanasa benAkaTakasvAmi gotabhiputo sirisadakaNi 2. Anapayati govadhane amaca viNhuSAlita [1] gAme aparakakhaDiye ya kheta' AjakAlakiyaM usabhadAtena bhUtaM nivatana3. satAni be 200 eta amhakheta nivataNasatAni be 200 imesa pavajitAna sairisi vitaraka [i] itara vetana parihAra 4. vitarAma Avesa anomasa aloNakhAdakaM araThasavinayikaM satrajAtapArihArika 2 [i] te inaM pariddhi virahi [1] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #281
250 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA '. ete casa khetaparihAre ca etha nibadhApehi [1] aviyena Agata [] amacena sivagutena chato [1] sahAsAmiyehi uparakhito [1] 6. datA paTikA savachare 18 vAsa+khe 2 divase 1 [] tApasena kaTA [1] siddham (siddhi thAva). vijaya pAmatI senAnI vijayachAvaNImAMthI geAvananA enAkaTaka(mAM rahele!) svAmI gautamIputra zrI zAtakaNa gAvanamAM (rahelA) viSNupAlitane AjJA kare che-- apara-kakhaTI (gAma)mAM je Aja sudhI RSabhadatta bhAgaveluM 200 nivata nanu kSetra (khetara) che, te amAruM kSetra 200 nivananuM trirazmi (parvata)nA e pratrajitAne ApIe chIe. te e kSetranA parihAra (niSedha) ApIe chIe -aprAvezya, nAvama, a-lavaNakhAtaka, a-rASTra-savinayika ane sAtipArihArika. A parihArA (niSedho) vaDe ene hirA. te ene A kSetra-parihAra ahI lakhA.' AjJA maukhika rIte karI che. amAtya zivagupte lakhyuM. mahAsvAmIe tapAsyuM.varSa aDhAra 18, varSA(Rtu), pakSa khIjo 2, divasa prathama 1 e TTikA ApI. tApase karI.' * gautamIputra zAtaNi e dakhkhaNanA sAtavAhana vaMzanA sahuthI pratApI rAjA hatA. enA putra vAsiSThaputra puchumAvinA vadhu 19 nA nAsika guphAlekhamAM A zAtaNi nI kArakirdInA sArA khyAla ApavAmAM AvyA che.paNa e RSika, atmaka, mUlaka, surASTra, kukara, aparAnta, anUpa, vidarbha, Akara ane avaMti para sattA dharAvatA. eNe zako, yavanA ane palavAnA nAza karyAM hatA, ane kSaharAta vaMzanA aMta ANyo hatA. ca * A guphAlekha nAsika(mahArASTra)nI guphA naM. 2 nA varaMDAnI pUrva dIvAla para kAtarelA che. * sAtavAhana rAjAonuM pATanagara pratiSThAna hatuM, paNa A zAsana gAvadha na vibhAganA enAkaTaka nAme sthaLe AvelI vijayachAvaNImAMthI pharamAvavAmAM AvyuM che. gAvadha nanA ullekha kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjA nahapAnanA samayanA nAsika guphAlekhamAM paNa AvelA.54 e sthaLa nAsika pAse Avyu hatu. rAjA zAtaNi enAM mAtAnA gautra-nAma parathI 'gautamIputra' kahevAtA. enAM mAtA gautamI arthAt gautama gotranAM hatAM. emanuM nAma alazrI' hatuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #282
ra51 mahatvanA prAkRta abhilekha gautamI balazrIe pautra vAsiSThIputra pulumAvinA rAjyakALa daramyAna nAsikamAM eka guphAnuM dAna dIdheluM.55 tyAre e "mahArAja-pitAmahI" hatAM. gautamIputra zAtakaNine A guphAlekha "Select Inscriptions" mAM prakAzita thayela che." A lekha paNa prAkRta bhASAmAM che. emAM guphA karAvyAnI nahi, paNa guphAmAM rahetA sAdhuone ApelA bhUmidAnanI hakIkata ApelI che. A guphA je DuMgaramAM AvelI che, temAM AvI bIjI guphAo paNa che. ene hAla pAMDavonI guphAo kahe che, paraMtu e kharekhara baddha guphAo che. A parvatane tyAre trirazmi' kahetA.57 vahIvaTI vibhAganuM vaDuM mathaka govardhana hatuM; ne tyAre ene vahIvaTa viSNupAlita nAme amAtya karato. dAnamAM ApeluM kSetra 200 nivartananA mApanuM hatuM. nivartana e amuka hasta lAMbA ane eTalA hasta pahoLA kSetranA kSetraphaLanuM ekama hatuM. judA judA samaye ne judA judA pradezamAM enuM kSetraphaLa ochuM vaDuM gaNAtuM. AthI nivartana eTale 3004300 hasta (lagabhaga 4chuM ekara) ke 2104210 hasta (lagabhaga 2 ekara), 2404240 hasta (lagabhaga 3 ekara), 2004200 hasta (lagabhaga 2 ekara) ke 120 X 120 hasta (lagabhaga 3 ekara), 1128112 hasta (lagabhaga 3 ekara) ke 1404140 hasta (lagabhaga 1 ekara) ke 100x100 hasta (lagabhaga 3 ekara)-evAM judAM judAM mApa maLe che.pa8 A dAna bauddha bhikSuone ApavAmAM AveluM. jyAre bhUmidAna devAmAM AvatuM tyAre enI sAthe keTalAka parihAra ApavAmAM AvatA. A kSetramAM bhaTa (sainika) vageree praveza karavAne nahi, rAjapuraSo vageree avamarza (badhA) karavAne nahi, emAM lavaNa khodavAnuM nahi,59 rASTranA adhikArIoe ene vahIvaTa karavAne nahi ne sarva jAtioe ene parihAra (tyAga) karavAne. bhUmidAnanI hakIkata zAsana(dastAvejomAM lakhIne ApavAmAM AvatI ne enI sAthe A parihAra jaNAvavAmAM AvatA. rAjAe bhUmidAnane lagatuM A zAsana maukhika rIte pharamAveluM. e parathI amAtya zivagute eno lekha ghaDyo, rAjAe e tapAsI lIdho ne tApasa nAme salATe ene ketaryo. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #283
paraM bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA A rAjyamAM koI saMvata pracalita thayA nahatA. AthI varSa te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM apAtAM. A guphAlekha zAtakaNinA rAjyakAlanA varSa 18 nA che. A rAjA IsvI bIjI sadInA pUrvAdha mAM thayA. dAnane divasa zrAvaNa mAsanA zukla pakSanA paDavAnA hatA. pAdaTIpa 1. 'devAne priya' zabda mAnavAcaka hatA ne mauya kAlamAM rAjAe mATe vaparAtA. moya rAA dazaratha tathA si MhaladvIpanA rAjA tiSya mATe paNa A biruda vaparAyuM che. caMdragupta mau'priyadarzana' kahevAtA, tema azAka mauya priyadarzI' 'ke priyadarzana ' kahevAtA. enA abhilekheAmAM A nAma khAsa pracalita hatuM; 'azoka' nAma kacita ja vaparAtuM. " * , 2. vaLI jue D. C. Sircar, 'Select Inscriptions," Book I, No 7; vApuvaeNva upAdhyAya, prAcIna mAratIya amitAnA bayana,' va32, chu. rU-4; ane zrI gi. va. AcAya, "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA,'' bhAga 1, lekha 1, pR. 3. 34. Select Inscriptions, p. 68 5-6, de. rA. bhAMDArakara, "aAkacarita," pR. 168-169 7-10, ejana, pR. 36-41 11. ejana, pR. 255-256 12. Sel. Ins., pp. 34 ff. 13. vaLI jue D. C. Sircar, 'Select Inscriptions," Book I, No. 17; vAstudrava upAdhyAya, prA. mA. a. Ja., lazkara, rR. 8-6; ane zrI. gi. va. AyAya, gu. e. le., bhAga 1, lekha 1, pR. 10-11. 14, zailalekha naM. 5 15, azAkacarita, pR. 55-56 16. arthAt aTavI(jaMgala)nA leAkeA 17. A lekanA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #284
mahatvanA prAkRna abhilekha 253 18. vaLI juo Select Incriptions, Book I, No. 18; prAvI bhAratIya miTe vA vAyana, vA3 2, pR 1-10. giranAranA zilamAM A lekhavALo bhAga arvAcIna kALamAM khaMDita thayuM che. 19. azokane eka lekha kaMdahAra(aphaghAnistAna)mAM maLyo che, te grIka lipimAM ketare che. AthI azokanA rAjyano "yavana" prAMta kaMdahAranI AjubAju Avyo hovo joIe. 20-21. azokacarita, pR. 29 22-23. ejana, pR. 30-32 ra4. ejana, pR. 30 25. ejana, 5, 37-34 26-27, Select Inscriptions, p. 39, p. 1 28. "Asina' zabda bauddha dharmanA "Asrava karatAM jaina dharmanA Arnavane vadhAre maLato Ave che. jaina sAhityamAM 18 prakAranAM pApa ane 42 prakAranA Asrava gaNAvyA che, ne hiMsA, mRSAvAda (asatya vacana), corI, a-brahmacarya ane mohane samAveza "AstavamAM karyo che. ahIM "Asinava zabda pApane maLatA arthamAM vaparAya che (azakyarita, pR. 117-119). staMbhalekha naM. 3 mAM Asinava tarapha laI janArI vRttio gaNAvI che- caMDatA, niSpharatA, krodha, mAna (mithyAbhimAna) ane IrSA. 29, sukRta (zubhakArya), paramArtha-kArya 30. mAtra dilhI-TaparA staMbha para lekha naM 1-7 kotarelA che, bAkInA badhA staMbha para lekha naM. 1-6 kotaryo che. 31. vaLI juo Select Inscriptions, Book I, No. 25 ane prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhekA adhyayana, kha. 2, pR. 16. 32. bhagavadgItAmAM ene daivI saMpata' ane 'AsurI saMpata" tarIke nirUpI che (adhyAya 16). 33, azocarita, pR. 288 34. staMbhalekha na. 4 35, jemake sAtavAhanavaMzamAM gautamIputra zAtakaNi ane vAsiSThIputra pulumAvi. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #285
254 3-34. Select Inscriptions, p. 90 3. Ibid., p. 91, n. 2 5, 40. damastyAgo'prasAdazca eteSvamRtaprAhitam / 12, bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 43, 22 80 24. a foul Select Inscriptions, Book II, No 91; prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, kha. 2, 5. 26-28. 8. Ibid., p. 207, n. 1 *. Barua, "Old Brahmi Inscriptions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves," p. 40 83. Barua, ibid., p. 43, n. 1 8. Ibid., p. 18, n. 16-17, p. 44, n. 1; Select Inscriptions, p. 208 xch. Barua, ibid., p. 32 8. Ibid., p. 20, n. 4; Select Inscriptions, p. 209 xe. Barua, ibid., p. 44, n. 5 c. Ibid., p. 44, n.6; Select Inscriptions, p. 209 xe. Ibid., p. 45, n. 7 yo. Select Inscriptions, p. 211, n. 4 4. Book II, No. 49 2. Ibid., p. 147, n. 4 43. Select Inscriptions, Book II, No. 86 4. Ibid., No. 59 chu. Ibid., No. 86 4. Book II, No. 83. q fudai - asn, kha. 2, pR. 31. 57. hAla nAsika pAse tryaMbaka parvata' che, tenuM nAma Ane maLatuM che. 4. D. C. Sircar, "Indian Epigraphy," pp. 409 f. 59. khANanI sarva Upaja rAjAnI gaNAtI. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #286
15 keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha bIjIthI cothI sadI daramyAna abhilekhAmAM prAkRtane badale saMskRta bhASAne upayoga thavA lAgyo. gupta sAmrAjyamAM saMskRta bhASA savizeSa pracalita thaI gupta kAlathI bhAratIya abhilekha saMskRtamAM lakhAtA rahyA. ahIM keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekhone abhyAsa karIe. 1. rudradAmA 1 lAne jUnAgaDha zailalekha, zika) varSa kare 1. siddhaM [1] idaM taDAkaM sudarzanaM girinagarAdapi...mRttikopalavistArAyAmocchya niHsandhibaddhadRDhajarvapALIkatvAtparkhatapA2. dappratisparddhisuzliSTabandhaM ...vajAtenA kRtrimeNa setubandhenopapannaM supprativihita ppranALIparIvAha3. mIDhavidhAnaM ca triskandha...nAdibhiranugrahairmahatyupacaye vartate [1] tadidaM rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya sugRhI4. tanAmnaH svAmicaSTanasya pautrasya [rAjJaH kSatrapasya sugRhItanAmnaH svAmijaya dAmnaH] putrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya gurubhirabhyastanAmno rudradAmno varSe dvisapta titame 72 / 5. mArgazIrSabahulapratipadi ... sRSTavRSTinA parjanyena ekArNavabhUtAyAmiva pRthivyAM kRtAyAM girerUrjayataH suvarNasikatA6. palAzinIprabhRtInAM nadInAM atimAtroddhattaibbagaiH setuma...yamANAnuruSapratIkAramapi girizikharatarutaThAdyAlakopatalpadvArazaraNocchrayavidhvaMsinA yuganidhanasada For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #287
256 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 7. zaparamaghoravo (ve ) gena vAyunA pramathitasalilavikSiptajajJjarIkRtAvadIrNa... kSiptAzamavRkSagulmalatApratAnaM A nadItalAdityudghATitamAsIt [] catvAri hastazatAni vIrAduttarANyAyatena etAvatyeva vistIrNena | 8. paMcasaptatihastAnavagADhena bhedena nissRtasarvatoyaM marudhanvakalpamatibhRzaM durda[rzanamAsIt ] []... syArthe mauryasya rAjJaH candraguptasya rASTriyeNa vaizyena puSyaguptena kAritaM azokasya mauryasya te yavanarAjena tuSAsphenAdhiSThAya 9. graNAlIbhiralaMkRtaM [1] tatkAritayA ca rAjAnurUpakRtavidhAnayA tasmi bhede yA praNAyAM vistRta setu... NA A garbhAtprabhRtyavihatasamuditarAjalakSmIdhAraNAguNatassarvvavarNairabhigamya rakSaNArthaM patitve vRtena A prANocchvAsAtpuruSavadhanivRttikRta 10. satyapratijJena anyatra saMgrAmeSvabhimukhAgatasaharAzatrupraharaNavitaraNatvA viguNaripu ... takAruNyena svayamabhigata janaH praNipatitAyukzaraNadeva [ dasyutryALamRgarogAdibhirasRSTapUrva nagaranigama 11. janapadAnAM svavIyya jitAnAmanuraktasarvvaprakRtInAM pUjya parAkarAvantyanUpanIvRdAnamurASTrarucchasindhusauvIrakukuparAMtaniSAdAdInAM samagrANAM tatprabhAvAM [dyayAtratprAptayamarthi]kA aviSayANAM patilA sarvvakSatrAviSkRta 12. vIrazabdajAnotsekAvidheyAnAM yaudheyAnAM prasahyotsAda ke na[dakSiNApathapatessAtakarNerapi nI (ni) jamavajI (ji) tyAvajI (ji)tya saMbaMdhAvidUratayA anutsAdanAtprAptayazasA...prAptavijayena / bhraSTarAjapratiSThApakena yathArthahastA 13. cchrayArjitArjitadharmAnurAgena (Na) zabdArtha gAndharvvanyAyAyAnAM vidyAnAM mahatInAM dhAraNadhAraNavijJAnaprayogAvAptavipulakIrtinA turagagajarathacaryAsicarmaniyuddhAdyA... tiparabalalAghavasauSThavakriyeNa aharahadda namAnAna 14. vanAnazIlena sthUlalakSega yathAvatprAptairbalizulkabhAgaiH kA (ka) nakarajata va avaiDUryaratnopacayaviSyandamAnakozena sphuTalaghumadhura citrakAntazabda samayodharAlaMkRtagadyapadya[ya] pramANamAnonmAnasvaragativarNa sArasatyA ( tvA ) dibhiH 15. paramalakSaNatryaM janairupetakAntamUrtinA svayamadhigata - mahAkSatrapanAmnA narendrakanyAsvayaMvarAnekamAlyaprAptakAmnA mahAkSatrapeNa svAmnA varSasahasrAya gobrAhmaNa... [rtya] dharmmakIrttivRddhyarthaM ca apIDayitvA karaddiSTi-- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #288
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 257 16. praNayakriyAbhiH paurajAnapadaM janaM svasmAtkAzA[t] mahatA dhanaughena anatimahatA ca kAlena triguNadRDhataravistArAyAnaM setu vidhAya sarvataTe......sudarzanataraM kAritamiti []] asminnatthe 17. ca mahAkSatrapasya matisacivakarmasacivairamAtyaguNasamudyuktairapyatimahattvAdabhedasyAnu tsAhavimukhapnatibhiH pratyAravyAtAraMbha 18. punaHsetubandhanairAzyAhAhAbhUtAsu prajAsu ihAdhiSThAne paurajAnapadajanAnugrahArtha pArthivena kRtsnAnAmAnarttasurASTrAnA(NAM) pAlanArthaniyuktena 19. pahalavena kulaipaputreNAmAtyena suvizAkhena yathAvadarthadharmavyavahAradarzanairanurAga abhivarddhayatA zaktena dAntenAcapalenAvismitenAyeNAhAryeNa 20. svadhitiSThatA dharmakIrtiyazAMsi bharturabhivarddhayatAnuSThitabhiti / 2 "siddhama (siddhi thAva). A taLAva sudarzana girinagarathI...mRttikA, upala (paththara) vaDe vistAra (pahoLAI), AyAma (laMbAI) ane ucazya(cAI)mAM sAMdhA vagara badhI pALIo bAMdhI hovAthI parvatanA pAdanI pratispardhA kare tevuM suzliSTa rIte baMdhAyeluM,.. akRtrima (kudaratI) setubaMdhathI yukata, jemAM praNALIo (nahero), parivAho (nIka) amIDhavidhAna (kacarA sAmenI jogavAI)nI sArI jogavAI karavAmAM AvI che tevuM traNa skaMdha (vibhAga)...vagere sagavaDo vaDe ghaNI AbAdImAM che. "te A (taLAva) rAjA mahAkSatrapa sugrahIta/nAmavALA svAmI aSTananA pautra (a) rAjA kSatrapa sugRhIta nAmavALA svAmI jayadAmAnA putra, rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAM jemanuM nAma moTerAo jape che, tenA (rAjyakAlamAM) varSa 72 nA/ mAgasara vada paDavAe ... vRSTi karelA parjanya vaDe pRthvIne ekasamudrarUpa (jaLabaMbAkAra) karavAmAM AvI tyAre, giri UrjAyatamAMthI suvarNasikatA palAzinI vagere nadIonA atizaya bhAre vegathI..gya pratIkAra karelo hovAM chatAM setu(baMdha)ne...girizikhara, vRkSa, taTa, addAlaka (upalA majalA), upata85 (zirogRha), 2 daravAjA ane zaraNa mATenAM UMcAM bAMdhakAmone vidhvaMsa karatA, yugapralaye hoyatavA/ghaNA ghera vegavALA vAyu vaDe khaLabhaLelAM jaLathI vikIrNa ane jaje. rita thayelA ane phekAI gayelA paththara, vRkSa, jhADI, velA ane choDavALuM, nadInA taLA (taLiyA) sudhI khulluM thaI gayuM hatuM. cAraso vIsa hAtha lAMbA, 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #289
258 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA eTalA pahoLA/ane paMcetera hAtha UMDA gAbaDA vaDe saghaLuM jaLa nIsarI jatAM lagabhaga verAna raNa jevuM, durdazana(thaI gayuM hatuM.) .. ne mATe mo rAjA caMdraguptanA rASTriya vaizyapagupta karAvyuM hatuM. te azoka maurya (mATe) yavanarAja tuSA e ahIM vahIvaTa karato hato tyAre, ene praNAlIo (naherA) vaDe alaMkRta karyuM hatuM. "teNe rAjAne anurUpa racanA karAvI hatI. te gAbaDAmAM praNALI (nahera) dekhAI | hatI ne vistRta setu....mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe hajAra varSa lagI gayo ane brAhmaNane ......dhama ane kItinI vRddhi mATe, pojana tema ja jAnapada janane kara, viSTi/ 1che ane prakriyA vaDe pIMDyA vinA, potAnA dezamAMthI (kADhelA) ghaNA aDhaLaka dhana vaDe, bahu lAMbo kAla vitAvyA vinA, laMbAI tathA pahoLAImAM traNa gaNo vadhAre daDha setu (baMdha) bAMdhIne savA taTe..vadhAre sudarzana karAvyuM. e (rAjA) garbhathI mAMDIne rAjalakSmInI dhAraNAno samudita guNa dharAvato hoI sarva varNoe enI pAse jaI rakSaNa athe ene potAnA pati (svAmI) tarIke prasaMda karyo che. te | "prANaravAsa sudhI/manuSyavadha na karavAnI, sivAya ke saMgrAmamAM, eNe sAcI pratijJA lIdhI che. sAme AvelA sadaza (samovaDiyA) zatruone prahAra karavAmAM nahi cUkate e.kArya (dayA) dhAraNa kare che. jAte pAse AvelA ane caraNa-praNAma (pAyalAgaNuM) karatA janone AyuSya ane zaraNa Ape che. e dasyu (lUMTArU), vyALa (sarpa), mRga, (rAnI pazu), roga vagere vaDe upasarga thayA vinAnAM nagara, nigama (hATa) ane/janapada jemAM che, potAnA parAkramathI prApta thayA che, jenI sarva prajA anurakata che ke jemAM tenA prabhAvathI dharma, artha ane kAmanA viSaya yathAvata che, tevA pUrva ane apara(pazcima) Akara-avani, anUpa deza, surASTra, dhabra, maru, kaccha, siMdhu, sauvIra, kuphara, aparAMta, niSAda vagere samagra viSaya(mulake)ne pati (svAmI) che. sarva kSatriyomAM pragaTa thayelA vIra' zabdane laIne garviSTha thaI vaza na thAya tevA yaudhenuM eNe bhAre utsAhana (nAza) karyuM che. dakSiNapathanA svAmI zatakaNine be vAra vagara bahAne harAvIne, saMbaMdhanuM dUrapaNuM na hovAne lIdhe, eNe eno nAza na karI yaza prApta karyo che...vijaya prApta karyo che. e padabhraSTa thayelA rAjAone prasthApita kare che. yathArtha hAtha uMco karIne eNe dharmane anurAga prApta karyo che. zabda-arthagAMdharva-nyAya vagere maTI vidyAonA pAraNa dhAraNa vijJAna ane prayogathI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #290
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha ra59 eNe vipula kIrti meLavI che. azva gaja ane rathanI caryA (pheraNI), khaga ane DhAla, bAghuddha zatrusainyanI jhaDapa ane saceTatAnI kriyAne je pratidina dAna, mAna/ane bina-apamAnanI vRtti dharAve che. e ghaNu kharca kare che." gya rIrte prApta karelA bali, zulka ane bhAga vaDe ene koza (khajAno) suvarNa, rajata, vaja, vairya, ane ratnanA saMgrahathI bharapUra che. e skuTa, laghu (prasAdayukta), madhura, citra, kAnta, zabda-samayathI bharapUra ane alaMkRta gadya-padya kAvya racavAmAM pravINa che. pramANa(laMbAI), mAna (mApa), unmAna (UMcAI), svara (avAja),gati (cAla), varNa (vAna), baLa, zakti vagere parama lakSaNa-cihnothI) ene suMdara deha yukata che. eNe svayaM "mahAkSatrapa'nAma prApta karyuM che. rAjakanyAonA ) svayaMvaramAM eNe aneka puSpahAra prApta karyA che. ne A bAbatamAM mahAkSatrapanA matisacivo ane karmasacivoe, pite amAtyanA guNothI yukata hovA chatAM, gAbaDuM ghaNuM moTuM hovAthI utsAhanA abhAvane laIne vimukha mativALA thaI kAmane nAmaMjUra karyuM setunA punanirmANa vize nirAzA maLatAM prajAmAM hAhAkAra thayuM. tyAre ahIM vaDA mathakamAM pArajano tathA jAnapada jananA anugraha arthe rAjAe akhila Anarta-surASTradeza)nA pAlana mATe nImelA palava kulapa-putra amAtya suvizAkha, je artha tathA dharmanA yathAvata vyavahAra ane darzana vaDe (prajAno) anurAga vadhAre che ne je zakta, dAnta (sahanazIla), a-capala (Tharela), a-vismita (a-gaviMda), Arya (udAtta) ane a-hAya (lAMcane vaza na thanAra) che je sAre vahIvaTa kare che ne je bhartA(svAmI)nAM dharma, kIti ane yazanI abhivRddhi kare che teNe A kAma pAra pADayuM." A lekha saMskRta bhASAmAM ne ucca gadya zailImAM lakhAya che lAMbA samAsa ane vividha alaMkAra ane rucira kalpanAothI yukta AvuM gadyamaya kAvya 6ThThI-7mI sadImAM kavi daMDInA vaMzavamaracarita, subaMdhunI vAsavadrattA ane bANabhaTTanA Turita ane ane rUMvarI jevI kathA-AkhyAyikAomAM pracalita thayelI che. paraMtu ahIM evI ucca gadyazailInAM darzana e pahelAM cheka ra che sadI jeTalA vadhu prAcInakALamAM thAya che. e kAraNe A lekha samasta saMskRta sAhityamAM gavAkAvyanI racanAnA eka uttama prAcIna namUnA tarIke jANIto che. 241 am Indian Antiquary His, Epigraphia Indica nie ane Select Inscriptions mAM. mULa lakhANanI chabI tathA livyaMtara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #291
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sAthe prakAzita thayA che tema ja gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha mAM gujarAtI bhASAMtara sAthe prasiddha thayo che. lekha jUnAgaDha-giranAranA mArga para dAmodara kuMDa najIka AvelA je zailanI uttara-pUrva bAju para azokanA cauda dhamaM lekha katarelA che, te zailanI pazcima bAju para kotarele che. lagabhaga 11 phUTa (3.30 mITara) lAMbI jagyAmAM 20 paMktimAM e kotarAyo che. lekhano mukhya viSaya sthAnika pUrvakArya che. girinagaranA sudarzana taLAvano setu (baMdha) tUTI gayo te Anarta-surASTranA rAjyapAla suvizAe samarAvyo ne e aMge mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe potAnA kezamAMthI aDhaLaka dhana khacI navo daDha setu (baMdha) baMdhAvyo e enI mukhya hakIkata che, je sthAnika mahattva dharAve che. saurASTranI ane khAsa karIne girinagaranI sthAnika ghaTanA tarIke paNa e agatyanI gaNAya. paraMtu A lekhanI vizeSanA e che ke emAM A sudarzana taLAvano pAchale ItihAsa paNa ApavAmAM Avyo che, je rudradAmAnA samaya karatAM lagabhaga cAraso-sADAcAraso varSa pahelAMnA samayane lagato che. A vRttAMtamAM e prAcIna samayanA be rAjyapAle vize paNa mAhitI ApI che. bIjI sadI jeTalA prAcIna samaye enI pahelAMnA cAraso pAMca varSanA ItihAsanI AvI vigato jaLavAI hatI e khAsa noMdhapAtra gaNAya. sudarzana taLAvane lagatI hakIkata pAMca kaMDikAomAM ApavAmAM AvI cheH (1) punanirmANa pachInI vartamAna AbAda sthiti, (2) agAu ativRSTithI AvelA nadIonA pUrane laIne enA baMdhamAM paDeluM moTuM gAbaDuM, (3) A taLAva baMdhAyAne ane emAM nahera karAyAno bhUtakAlIna vRttAMta, (4) mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe vadhu daDha setu baMdhAvI ene vadhu sudarzana (darzanIya) karAvyuM che ane (5) emAM sthAnika rAjyapAla suvizAe lIdhele mahattvano bhAga. A kaMDikAono krama paNa keTale kalAtmaka che ! girinagara e giri UrjAyata(giranAra)nI taLeTI pAse vaseluM nagara hatuM; hAla enI pAse jUnAgaDha zahera AveluM che. e parvatamAMthI suvarNasikatA (narekha), palAzinI (paLAMzi) vagere nadIo vahetI hatI. e nadIonA pravAha ADe eka setu (baMdha) bAMdhIne tyAM jaLAzaya (Dema) karAvyuM hatuM. enuM nAma "sudarzana" (darzanIya-suMdara) hatuM. e maurya rAjA caMdraguptanA rASTriya (rAjyapAla vezya puSyagupta karAvyuM hatuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #292
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 261 A ullekha parathI magadhanA maurya vaMzanA sthApaka caMdragupta pitAnI sattA ] cheka saurASTra sudhI pravartAvI hovAnuM jANavA maLe che. vaLI enA samayanA rASTriya- (1 (rAjyapAla) nuM nAma jANavA maLe che. caMdraguptanA pautra azoka rALanA samayamAM A jaLAzayamAM nahero karAvavAmAM AvI. e samaye tuSApha nAme yavanarAja rAjyapAla tarIke vahIvaTa karato hato. | | enuM nAma IrAnI bhASAnuM che. AthI e IrAnI jAtino hoya, to e yavana pradeza para zAsana karato rAjA hato evuM phalita thAya. sAmaMta rAjAo adhipatinA sAmrAjyamAM rAjyapAla jevA adhikAra saMbhALatA. azoka mauryanI sattA ahIM pravartatI teno purAvo te ahIM kotarAvelI enA dharmalekhanI nakala paNa pUrI pADe che, paraMtu A lekhamAMnA ullekha parathI enA samayanA rAjayapAla vize jANavA maLe che, magadhathI cheka saurASTra jeTalA dUra AvelA prAMtamAM paNa baMdha baMdhAva- | vAmAM Avato ne emAMthI nahere karAvavAmAM AvatI e hakIkata e samayanI suvihita rAjyavyavasthA sUcave che. naherenI jogavAI thatAM girinagaranuM sudarzana taLAva pIrajanenA vihAra sthAna uparAMta jAnapada jananI nahera mATenuM) upayogI jaLAzaya banyuM hatuM. sudarzanano setu tUTo mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA samayamAM. tyAre (zaka saMvatanuM) varSa 72, arthAta I. sa. 150 cAlatuM hatuM. mAgasara vada paDavAno divasa hato. tyAre mAsa pUrNimAna gaNAtA hoya, to kaTobaranA uttarArdha, ane mAsa amAna gaNAtA hoya, te naveMbarano uttarArdha hato. mAgasara mahinAmAM ya e varSe tyAM ativRSTi thaI. pRthvI samudrAkAra thaI gaI nadIomAM bhAre pUra AvyAM. emAM bhAre pavana phUMkAya. kudaratamAM tathA nagaramAM bhAre honArata thaI. baMdhamAM moTuM gAbaDuM paDayuM ne jaLAzaya taLiyAjhaTaka khAlIkhama thaI gayuM. "sudarzana hatuM te have verAna raNa jevuM thaI gayuM. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI rAjadhAnI ujajanamAM hatI. Anarta-surASTra vahIvaTI dRSTie eka prAMta gaNAto. eno rAjyapAla suvizAkha pahalava (pArthiyana) jAtino hato. eNe sudarzanano setu samarAvavA mATe mahAkSatrapane vinaMtI karI, paraMtu A vinaMtI pahelAM nAmaMjUra thaI mahAkSatrapanA atisacivo (salAhakAra amA) tathA karmasaci(kAryapAlaka amAtyo)e eno virodha karyo, kema ke For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #293
262 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA dhanuM gAbaDuM ghaNuM moTu hatu. pe koNa samarAve? prajAmAM hAhAkAra thayA, kema ke sudarzana mAtra ramaNIya vihArasthAna nahi, kRSine Avazyaka jaLAzaya paN hatuM. Akhare mahAkSatrape ene samarAvyuM. A mATe eNe prajA para kAI naveza kara nAkhyA nahi, viSTi (ve) karAvI nahi ke (kahevAtA) svaicchika phALA karAvyA nahi. peAtAnA kozamAMthI aDhaLaka dhana khacyuM. vaLI e mATe bhAre samaya vitAbyA nahi. cAmAsuM besatAM pahelAM teA jaLAzaya samArAI gayuM lAge che. navA setunI laMbAI-pahoLAI paNa vadhArI; te setune agAunA karatAM vadhu dRDha banAvyo. A badhuM pAra paDayuM.amAtya suvizAkhanA sakriya puruSAne laI ne ne emAM eNe teA mahAkSatrapanAM puNya ane yazamAM abhivRddhi karI. suda na taLAva have agAunA karatAMya vadhu sudarzana (darzanIya) banyuM. have e kevI AbAda sthitinAM rahelu che enuM varNana lekhanA AraMbhamAM kareluM che. bhAratanA prAcIna jaLAzaya-setunA itihAsanI dRSTie ya A dhaTanA mahattvanI gaNAya. gujarAtane te A sahuthI prAcIna nAta jaLAzaya--setu che. A lekhanI eka khIjI vizeSatA e che ke A sthAnika ghaTanAnA vRttanA nimitte mahAkSatrapa svadAmAnI tathA amAtya suvizAkhanI suMdara prazasti paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. A rAjavaMzanA sthApaka hateA rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI caSTana. e prAyaH zaka jAtinA hatA. eneA (zaka) varSa 11(I. sa. 89-90)nA lekha maLyA che. enA kSatrapa tathA mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA maLyA che. 'kSatrapa' zabda pahelAM rAjyapAla mATe ane pachI bhUpa mATe paNa prayeAjAtA. 'mahAkSatrapa'nA atha ahIM 'mahArAja' jevA thAya che. mahAkSatrapa peAtAnA madadanIza tarIke 'kSatrapa' nI nimaNUka karatA. mahAkSatrapanI jema kSatrapane paNa peAtAnA nAme sikkA paDAvavAne adhikAra rahetA. mahAkSatrapa caSTananA tathA tenA putra kSatrapa jayadAmAnA sikkA maLyA che. kSatrapa yadAmA pitAnI hayAtImAM akALa mRtyu pAmyA lAge che. enA pachI jayadAmAne putra rudradAmA 'kSatrapa' nimAyA. caSTana ane rudradAmAnA saMyukta zAsana daramyAnanA (zaka) varSa para(I. sa. 130)nA yaprilekha maLyA che.10 e pachI thoDA vakhatamAM rudradAmA mahAkSatrapa thayA lAge che. A lekhamAM enA sadaguNAnI tathA enI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika siddhionI prazasti karelI che. e sagrAma sivAya ahiMsA-dhama pALatA hatA. zatrue For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #294
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 263 tarapha kAruNya darzAvato. zaraNAgatane zaraNa deto. enuM rAjya ghaNuM vizALa hatuM. emAM kayA pradezone samAveza thato e ahIM gaNAvyuM che. enI rAjadhAnI avatimAM hatI. Anarta-surASTranI jema Akara-avatinuM eka saMyukta ekama gaNAtuM. enA pUrva ane pazcima_evA be vibhAga hatA. Akara eTale pUrva mALavA; enI rAjadhAnI vidizA hatI, avaMtI eTale pazcima mALavA; enI rAjadhAnI ujajayinI (ujajana) hatI. anUpa eTale jalapracura pradeza. e mAhiSmatInI AsapAsano pradeza hato. mAhiSmatI madhyapradezanA nimADa jillAmAM Avela mahezvara nAme sthaLa che. kadAca ahIM nIvRta (pradeza) mAM nimADano artha udiSTa hoya. to anUpa-nIvRtanuM paNa saMyukata ekama hoya. Anarta e uttara gujarAtanuM nAma hatuM. saurASTra mATe prAcIna kALamAM "surASTra zabda prayojAto. zvazva eTale sAbarakAMThAnA pradeza. maradeza eTale mAravADa. siMdhu ane sauvIra e nIcalA siMdhu-pradezanA pazcima ane pUrva bhAga hatA ? athavA siMdhudeza eTale siMdha; ane sauvIra eTale enI uttare ke uttarapUrve Avele pradeza. 12 kukara eTale utara saurASTra evA keTalAke artha karyo che. 13 paraMtu e pradeza kharekhara rAjasthAnamAM ke madhyapradezanA Idara vibhAgamAM Avyo lAge che. 14 "aparAMta" nAma ghaNuM judAjudA arthamAM prajAtuM. vizALa arthamAM nAsikathI mAMDIne arbada (Abu) sudhInA pazcimI pradeze "aparAMta tarIke oLakhAtA; pachInA kAlamAM emAMne chUpuraka (sopArA) pradeza (uttara kekaNa) aparAMta" tarIke oLakhAve. ghaNA vidvAnoe ahIM ene A viziSTa artha ghaTAvyo che. paraMtu De umAzaMkara jozIe purANamAM baMdha besatA enA vividha arthonI vizada carcA karatAM darzAvyuM che tema A lekhamAM "aparAMta' nAma trIjA arthamAM prayojAyuM che. 15 kukara emanA mate vAyavya pradeza che ne aparAMta enI pUrve dakSiNa paMjAbane sparzato pradeza che, je uttara-vAyavyamAM Avela che. niSAda e pazcima viMdhya-aravallIne AdivAsI-pradeza che. yaudhe bhAvalapura-bharatapura pradezamAM vasatA. e laDAyaka hatA. emanuM gaNarAjya hatuM. yaudheya gaNanA sikkA maLyA che. dakSiNApatha eTale dakhkhaNa. tyAM rAjA zatakarNie sAtavAhana vaMzano rAja che. sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakaNie kSaharAta vaMzane aMta ANuM surASTra, kukura, aparAMta, anUpa ane Akara-aMvati jItI lIdhA hatA. 16 caSTana-rudradAmAe A pradeza pAchA meLavyA lAge che. paraMtu A zAtakaNi e gautamIputra zAtakaNi bhAgyeja hoI zake. A pradeza enA putra ane uttara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #295
264 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA dhikArI vAsiSThIputra puchumAviSe gumAvyA lAge che. AthI ahIM... 'zAtakaNi ' nAma 'sAtavAhana' jevA vizALa arthamAM A rAjA mATe uddiSTa heAya evu dhaNA mAne che. athavA vAsiSThIputra puLubhAvinA bhAInuM nAma paNa 'zAtakaNi hatu te e vAsiSThIputra zAtakaNi prAyaH A rudradAmAne jamAI thateA hateA.17 mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAe ene babbe vAra harAvyA chatAM najIkanA saMbaMdhane laI ne javA dIdhA te kSamA AvI yaza meLavyA. rudradAmAnA guNeAnI prazastimAM keTalIka rasaprada vigata ApelI che. zabdavidyA eTale vyAkaraNa. avidyA eTale a zAstra, gAMdhava vidyA eTale sa MgIta. nyAyavidyA eTale nyAyazAstra, tavidyA. pAraNa, dhAraNa, viziSTa jJAna ane prayAga e vidyAgrahanAM cAra upayAgI seApAna che. 'kAvya' zabda saMskRta sAhityamAM gadya tathA padya anene lAgu paDatA. Aza kAvyanAM vividha lakSaNa ahIM gaNAvyAM che. Ana-surASTranA saMyukata vahIvaTI vibhAga hatA. ene vahIvaTa amAtya suvizAkha karatA. rAjyapAla mATe mauya kAlamAM rASTriya' zabda vaparAteA; kSatrapakAlamAM kayA zabda pracalita hatA e A lekha parathI jANavA maLatuM nathI. Adarza amAtyanA vividha guNa kevA heAvA joIe evuM manAtuM e ahIM prayAjAyelA suvizAkhanAM vizeSaNA parathI spaSTa thAya che. Ama bhASA, zailI, sthAnika itihAsa, setu-nirmANa, mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnI rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika siddhie tathA enA guNAnI prazasti ane amAtyanA apekSita sadguNA-ema aneka dRSTie A abhilekha ghaNuM mahattva dharAve che. 2. samudraguptaneA alAhAbAda zilAsta bhalekha ...cai ...{...... 1. 2. [ca] .........[] [1] 3. 4. .. ......... .kSaH TAEsita...pravitata......[5] [6] yasya [jJAnu ] SocitasukhamanasaH zAstratattvAttha bhartuH ...taye......ni......ne chaeN...... For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #296
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 6. [sa]tkAvyazrIvirodhAnbudhaguNitaguNAjJAhatAneva kRtvA [vi]dvaloke [s]vi [nAzi] sphuTabahukavitAkIrtirAjyaM bhunakti [ // ] [3] 7. [A] hItyupaguhya bhAvapizunairutkaNitai romabhiH sabhyeSUcchvasiteSu tulyakula jamlAnAnana dvIkSi[ta ] [] 8. [sne] havyAluLitena bASpaguruNA tattvekSiNA cakSuSA yaH pitrAbhihito nirIkSya nikhi [lAM pAhyevamurvI ] miti [ 1 ] [ 4 ] 9. [] davA karmANyanekAnyamanujasadRzAnnaya [dabhu]tA bhinnaharSA bha[]] vairAsvAdaya [ntaH]...[ke] cit [1] vIyettaptAzca keciccharaNamupagatA yasya vRtte [S] praNAme[S]tya....... [] [4] 10. 11. saMgrAmeSu svabhujavijitA nityamuccApakArAH zvaH zvA mAnapra... [1] 12. toSoH sphuTabahurasasneha phullaimrmanAbhiH pazcAttApaM va 13. udvelAgdatabAhuvIrabhasAdekena yena kSaNAdunmUlyAcyutanAgasenaga..................[] 14. daNDairgrAhayataiva kAtakulajaM puSpAhvaye krIDatA sUryye (?) nitya ( ? ) ...... taTa......... .[m] [7] 15. dharmaprAcIrabandhaH zazikarazucayaH kIrttayaH sapratAnA vaiduSyaM tattvabhedi prazama tArtham [1] kAntataravarSmaNaH * dvasanta [m ] [] [6] ......... 16. [addhayeyaH] sUktamArgaH kavimativibhavAtsAraNaM cApi kAvyaM ko nu syAdyo [s]sya na syAdguNamatividuSAM dhyAnapAtraM ya eka: [ // ] [4] 17. tasya vividhasamarazatAvataraNadakSasya svabhujabalaparAkramaikabandhAH parAkkramAGkasya parazuzarazaGkuzaktiprAsAsitAmara - 18. bhindipAlanArAcavaitastikAdyanekapraharaNaviruDa | kulatraNazatAGkazeAbhA samudayeopacita 265 19. kausalakamahendra-mahAkAntArakatryAghrarAja-kaurALakamaNDarAja paiSTapurakamahendragirikau dUra kasbA bhittairaNDapakadamana-kAJceyaka viSNugopAvamuktaka-- For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #297
266 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 20. nIlarAja-vaizeyakahastivarma-pAlakkakAgrasena-devarASTrakakubera-kausthalapurakaghana jaya prabhRtisarvadakSiNApatharAjagrahaNamokSAnugrahajanitapratAponmizramAhAbhAgyasya 21. rudradeva-matila-nAgadatta-candravarma-gaNapatinAga-nAgasenAcyuta-nandi-balavarmA dyanekAr2yAMvatarAjaprasabhoddharaNovRttaprabhAvamahata: paricArakIkRtasaTivikarAjasya 22. samataTa-DavAka-kAmarUpa - nepAla-kartR purAdipratyantanRpatibhilivANunAyana - yaudheya-mAdakAbhIra-prArjUna - sanakAnIka-kAka-kharapArikAdibhizca sarvakaradAnA jJAkaraNapragAmAgamana23. paritoSitapracaNDazAsanasya anekabhraTarAjyotsannarAjavaMza-pratiSThApanAbhUtanikhila bhuvanavicaraNazAntayazasaH daitraputraSAhiSAhAnuSAhizakamuruNDaiH saM haLakAdibhizca 24. sarbadvIpavAsIbhirAtmanivedanakanyApAyanadAnagarutmadaGkasvaviSayabhuktizAsanayAcanA - dyupAyasevAkRtabAhuvIryaprasaradharaNibandhasya pri(pa)thivyAmaprati sya 25. sucaritazatAlakRtAnekaguNagaNeAtsiktibhizcaraNatalapramRSTAnya-narapatikIrteH sAddhava (dhva)sAdhUdayapralayahetupuruSasyAcintyasya bhaktayavanatimAtragrAhyamRduhRdayasyAnukampA. vatA[5]nekagAzatasahasrapradAyinaH 26. [kRSa ]NadInAnAthAturajanodvaraNasantradIkSAbhyupagata manasaH sabhiddhasya vigrahavato lokAnugrahasya dhanadavaruNendrAntakasamasya svabhujabalavijitatAnekanarapativibhavapratya MNAnityavyApRtAyuktapuruSasya 27. nizitavinagdha pratigAndharva laLitaiIDitatridazAtigurutumburunAradAdevidvajjanopajI vyamAnAnekakAvyavikrayAbhiH pratiSThitakavirAjazabdasya sucirastotavyAnekAdbhuto. dAracaritasya 28. lokasamayakkriyAnuvidhAnamAtramAnuSasma lokadhAmnA devasya mahArAjazrIgupta prapautrasya mahArAjazrIghaTotkacapautrasya mahArAjAdhirAjazrIcandraguptaputrasya 29. licchavidauhitrasya mahAdevyAM kumAradevyAmutpannasya mahArAjAdhirAjazrIsamudra guptasya savva pRthivIvijaya janitodayavyAptanikhilAvanitalAM kIrtibhitastri dazapati30. bhavanagamanAvAptalaLitasukhavicaraNApAcakSAga iva bhuvo bAhurayamucchitaH stambhaH [1] yasya 31. pradAnabhujavikramaprazamazAstravAkayodayairupayryu parisaJcayocchritamanekamArga yazaH [1] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #298
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 26 punAti bhuvanatrayaM pazu terjttaantguhaaniyarimekSImera pATu nA vica:] [i] [3] etacca kAvyameSAmeva bhaTTArakapAdAnAM dAsasya samIpaparisaNAnugrahonmIlitamateH32. khAdyapAkikasya mahAdaNDanAyakadhuvabhUtiputrasya sAndhivigrahikakumArAmAtyama [hAdaNDanAya]kahariSeNasya sarva bhUtahitasukhAyAstu / 33. anuSThitaM ca paramabhaTTArakapAdAnudhyAtena mahAdaNDanAyakatilabhaTTakena / ............18 jenuM mana prajJajanonA sahavAsamAM ucita sukha dharAve che, je zAstronA tattvArthane svAmI che......je sAruM kAvya ane zrI (lakSmI) vaccenA virodhone prajJajanonA guNasamUhanI AjJAthI Ahata karIne, vidvAnonA jagatamAM bahu sphaTa kavitAnI kIrtinuM avinAzI rAjya bhogave che (zle. 3). sabhAjanone romAMca sAthe harSa thaze ane tulya saMbaMdhIonAM mukha plAna thayAM; jene "e yogya che mAnIne snehA pitAe tattvadaza daSTi vaDe nIrakhIne nikhila pRthvInuM rakSaNa karaema kahyuM (lai. 4). jemAM aneka amAnuSI karmo joIne keTalAka ja vismayathI harSita thaI... bhAvo. vaDe......AsvAde che, enA parAkramathI uttapta thayelA keTalAka jana jene praNAma karI zaraNe AvyA che......(zle. 5). bhAre apakAra karanArA ....saMgrAmomAM pitAnA bAhuthI jitAIne...(AvatI) kAle kAle..mAna ... saMtuSTa ane bahu phuTa rasanehathI praphulla mana vaDe . pazcAttApa. vasaMta... (le. 6). niHsIma udaya pAmelA bAhubaLanA jesathI jeNe ekalAe kSaNamAM azruta, nAgasena ane (gaNapati vagere rAjAonuM yuddhamAM) umUlana karIne, sainya vaDe kolakulanA rAjAne - pakaDAvIne, pupapuramAM khelatA,...sUrya...taTa...(le. 7). dharmarUpI durgane baMdha, caMdranAM kiraNa jevI ujajvaLa vizALa kIrti, tatvane bhedatI vidvattA, prazama.. sUkta(subhASita)no bhAga, ne vaLI kavionI buddhinA vibhavane khIlavatuM kAvya-ene zuM nahotuM ? guNa ane buddhinA jANakAro mATe je eka ja dhyAnanuM pAtra che (bhale 8). te.....19 mahArAjAdhirAja samudraguptanI, sarva pRthvInA vijayane laIne udaya pAmelI ne akhila avanitalamAM vyApelI kIti, jene ahIMthI (A lekamAMthI) devonA pati(Indra)nA bhavanamAM javAthI lalita ane sukhada carcA prApta thaI che tene kaheto jANe pRthvIne bAhu hoya te A staMbha Ubho karavAmAM Avyo che. e (samudragupta) seMkaDo vividha yuddhomAM UtaravAmAM dakSa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #299
268 - bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA che. pitAnA bAhubaLanuM parAkrama e ene ekamAtra baMdhu che. e parAkramAMka20 che. parazu, bANa, zaMku, zakti, prAsa, asi, tomara, bhindipAla, nArAca, vaitastika Adi aneka Ayudho vaDe paDelA seMkaDo tIvra ghAnAM cihnonI zobhAnA samudayathI enuM zarIra vadhu kAMtimAna thayuM che. kasalane mahendra, mahAkAntArane begharAja, kaurALane maccharAja, piSTapurane mahendragiri, kerano svAmidatta, eraDupo damana, kAMcIne viSNugopa, avamuktane nIlarAja, veMgIne hastivarmA, palakano ugrasena, devarASTrano kubera, kusthalapurane dhanaMjaya vagere dakSiNApathanA sarva rAjAone pakaDIne choDI mUkavAnA anugrahathI uddabhavelA pratApa(yaza)thI enuM mahAbhAgya mizra thayuM che. rudradeva, mahila, nAgadatta, caMdravama, gaNapatinAga, nAgasena, arcyuta, naMdI, balavama Adi AryAvartanA aneka rAjAonuM jabarajasta umUlana karIne vadhelA prabhAvathI e mahAna () che. eNe sarva ATavika (aTavInA) rAjAone paricAraka banAvyA che. samataTa, DavAka, kAmarUpa, nepAla, katRpura AdinA sImAnta rAjAo vaDe tathA mAlava, arjunAyana, yaudheya, mAdraka, AbhIra, prArjuna, sanakAnIka, kAka, kharaparika Adi vaDe sarva kara ApIne ane AjJA mAnIne tathA praNAma mATe AvIne enuM pracaMDa zAsana paritoSita thayuM che. rAjyabhraSTa karAyelA ane naSTavaMzavALA aneka rAjAone (puna:) pratiSThita karIne eNe akhila jagatamAM pharato zAMta yaza meLavyo che. devaputro, pAhio, pahAnupAtio, zaka ane muruDo vaDe tathA saihaLake Adi sarva dvIpavAsIo vaDe Atmanivedana(zaraNAgatI), kanyArUpI bheTanuM dAna, potAnA pradezanA bhogavaTA mATe (samudraguptanA) garuDAMkita (garuDacihmamudrAMkita) zAsananI yAcanA vagere upAyo vaDe sevA karIne prasarelA bAhubaLa vaDe eNe pRthvIne bAMdhI che. pRthvI para e pratiratha(pratispadhI)vinAno che. seMkaDe sucaritothI alaMkRta aneka guNonA gaNa(samUha)nAM usiMcano vaDe eNe anya rAjAonI kIrtine paganA taLiyAmAMthI bhUsI nAkhI che. e sAdhu(sajajana)nA udaya tathA asAdhu(durjana)nA nAzanA heturUpa aciMtya puruSa che. ene mAtra bhakti ane avanati (praNAma) vaDe ja grahaNa thAya tevuM mRdu hadaya che. e anukaMpAvALo che. e lAkho gAyone dAtA che. kRpaNa (nIca), dIna, anAtha ane pIDita janano uddhAra karavAnA maMtranI dIkSA vaDe enuM mana vyApta che. e ujajavala mUrtimaMta kAnugraha che. e dhanada (kubera), varuNa, Indra ane antaka (yama) samAna che. enA bAhubaLathI jitAyelA aneka nRponA vibhavane pAcho ApavAmAM enA Ayukta puruSo (adhikArIo) haMmezAM rokAyelA che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #300
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha tIvra vidagdha mati vaDe eNe denA guru bRhaspati)ne ane saMgItanA suMdara prayogo vaDe tumburuM nArada vagerene lajita karyA che. vidAna janonI upajIvikAnuM sAdhana bane tevI aneka kAvyakriyAo (racanAo) vaDe ene mATe kavirAja' zabda pratiSThita thayo che. lAMbA kAla lagI stuti karavA yogya aneka adbhuta udAracaritavALo che. mAtra lekasamaya(duniyAnI rItarasama)nI kriyAonA anuvidhAnanI bAbatamAM ja e mAnuSa che. (bAkI) lekamAM rahela deva che. e mahArAja zrI guptane prapautra, mahArAja zrI ghaTotkacane pautra, mahArAjAdhirAja zrI caMdraguptano putra, licchavino dauhitra ane mahAdevI kumAradevI vize utpanna thayela che. ene yaza, je dAna, bAhubala, prathama ane zAstravacana-kuzaLatA vaDe uparAuparI saMcita thaI UMce caDhe che ne aneka mAga dharAve che, te pazupati(ziva)nI jaTArUpI guphAnI aMdara purAI rahI chUTakAro meLavavAmAM zIdhra evA gaMgA nadInA zrata jaLanI jema traNe lokane pavitra kare che (zla. 9). "ne e ja bhaTTAraka-pAdanA dAsa, samIpe pharavAnA anugraha vaDe jenI mati. khIlI che tevA, khAdyaTapAkika, mahAdaMDanAyaka dhruvabhUtinA putra, sAdhivigrahika, kumArAmAtya, mahAdaMDanAyaka, harinuM A kAvya sarva bhUtonA hita ane sukha mATe ha. paramabhakArakanA pAdanuM dhyAna dharanAra mahAdaMDanAyaka tilabhaTrake Ano. amala karyo." A lekha saMskRtamAM aMzataH padyamAM ane aMzataH gadyamAM lakhAya che. kAvyazailImAM racAyelo A lekha hariSaNa nAma kavinI kRti che. e kavi sAMdhivigrahika (saMdhi ane vigraha khAtAnA adhikArI), kumArAmAtya (amAtya tarIke kAma karato rAjakumAra athavA rAjakumArano maMtrI) ane mahAdaMDanAyaka (mukhya senApati)nA ucca adhikAra dharAvatA. - tilakabhaTTa paNa mahAdaMDanAyaka hato. eNe A prazasti zilAtaMbha para katarAvI lAge che. A staMbhalekha phalITa saMpAdita "Corpus Incriptionum Indicarum" nA graMtha 3 mAM prakAzita thayA che.21 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #301
27e bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA pahelA ATha glaeNkeno ghaNe bhAga khaMDita che. bleka 3 mAM samudraguptanA kavitvanI prazaMsA che. bleka 4 mAM jaNAvyA mujaba samudraguptanI uttarAdhikArI tarIke pitAe pasaMdagI karI hatI. zleka 7 mAM jaNAvelA acuta vagere traNa rAjAonA ullekha AgaLa gadyamAM paNa Ave che. keta' e kulanuM nAma che, paNa ahIM e kulanI kaI vyakita udiSTa che e jANavA maLatuM nathI. samudragupta ene puSapura(pATaliputra)mAM nAnI vayamAM vaza karyo lAge che. pATaliputra (hAlanuM paTanA) magadhanuM pATanagara hatuM. 5. 17-30 mAM eka lAMbu saLaMga vAkya e che. AvuM lAMbu vAkya gadyakAvyanuM eka pracalita lakSaNa hatuM. A vAkya dvArA kavie samudraguptanA guNonI, enAM parAkramanI tathA enI sAMskRtika siddhionI suMdara prazasti karI che. samudragupta caMdragupta 1 lAno ane kumAradevIno putra hato. kumAradevI licchavi kulanI hatI. caMdragupta 1 lAe liRvio sAthe saMbaMdha bAMdhe, tyAra pachI A gupta rAjyano abhyadaya thayo hato. enI pahelAMnA be rAjA mAtra "mahArAja', na hatA, jyAre caMdragupta mahArAjAdhirAja' hatA. emAM samudragupta to ghaNo prarAkramI nIvaDyo. AthI e parAkramAMka' tarIke nAmAMkita thaye. ahIM enAM parAkramonuM vigatavAra nirUpaNa kareluM cheH (1) pahelAM eNe dakSiNApathanAM rAjyo para vijayakUca karI enA rAjAone pakaDI vaza karyA ne pachI sAmaMta banAvI choDI mUkayA. emAM 12 rAjAo gaNAvyA che. kesala e dakSiNa kesala che, je madhyapradezanA rAyapura-saMbalapurabilAsapura vibhAgamAM Avyo hato. enuM pATanagara zrIpura hatuM. mahAkAMtAra e arayapradeza che. kaurALa e godAvarI jillA(AMdhra pradeza)nA elura pAsenuM ke lera sarovara hovuM saMbhave che. koTaTUra prAya: mahendragiri (ji gaMjAma) pAsenuM kAphUra che. piSTapura e godAvarI ji9lAmAMnuM hAlanuM piThApurama che. viSNugopa e pallava vaMzane rAjA hato. kAMcI e hAlanuM kAMjIvarama (tamiLanADa) che. hastivarmA e beMgIno zAlaMkAyana vaMzano rAjA che. vRMgI elura (ji. godAvarI) pAse AveluM poMgI che. palaka nellera (AMdhra pradeza) jillAnuM palakkaDa haze. devarASTra vizAkhApaTama jillAne yellamaMcilI bhAga che. kusthalapura 'uttara ArkoTa jillAnuM muttalUra haze. 22 eraMDapalla gaMjAma ke vizAkhApaTama jillAmAM haze. A badhAM rAjaya dakSiNa bhAratanA pUrva bhAgamAM AvelAM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #302
keTalAka pracIna saMskRta abhilekha ra71 (2) samudragupta dakSiNApathanA rAjAone sAmaMta banAvI rahevA dIdhA, paraMtu najIkanA AryAvartane rAjAonAM rAjya gupta rAjyamAM bheLavI lIdhAM. rudradeva vAkATaka rAjA rudrasena 1 lo hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che, paNa, vAkATake to vidarbhamAM hoI dakSiNApathamAM gaNAya. matila e u. pra nA bulaMdazahara jillAmAM maLelI mudrAne mattila haze. caMdravarmA e pazcima baMgALAnA bAMkurA jillAnA susuniyA zilAlekhamAM 23 jaNAvele caMdravarmA haze. gaNapatinAga ane nAgasena nAgakulanA hatA. gaNapatinAganA sikkA pavAyA(padamAvatI)mAM maLyA che. harSacaritamAM padmAvatImAM nAgasenanuM mRtyu thayAno ullekha Ave che. A baMne rAjA padmAvatInA hoya, to samadragupta e pUrvApara rAjAo para judAjudA samaye AkramaNa karyuM haze. acutanA sikakA ahicchatrA(rAmanagara, ji. barelI, u.pra.)mAM maLyA che. AryAvarta eTale uttara bhArata, himAlaya ane viMdhyanI tathA pUrva samudra ane pazcimasamudranI vacceno pradeza.25 Ama samudragupta dakSiNApatha ane AryAvarta mATe judI judI nIti akhatyAra karI. (3) sarva ATavika rAjAo pAse potAnuM svAmitva svIkArAvyuM. (4) samataTa (baMgalA dezanA dakSiNamAM AvelA kemilAnI AsapAsane samudrataTa pAsene samathala pradeza), DavAka (AsAmanA navagega jillAmAM), kAmarUpa (AsAmane gauhATI pradeza), nepAla, kartApura (jAlaMdhara-kumAuM-gaDhavAla-rohilakhaMDa pradeza) vagere sImAMta rAjyonA rAjAone vaza karyA. (5) mAlava (mALavAne maMdasora vibhAga), ajunAyana (paMjAba), yaudheya (bharatapura, rAjasthAna), mAkaka (madradeza-siyAlakoTa, pazcima paMjAba), AbhIra (aparAMta pradeza), prAjana (narasiMgapura jille, ma.pra.), sanakAnIka (pUrva mALavA), kAka (sAMcI pradeza, ma.pra.), kharaparika (ma.pra.) vagere gaNataMtra dharAvatI laDAyaka prajAone paNa vaza karI.26 (6) evI rIte videzI rAjavaMzone vaMza karyA. devaputra-SAhi-vAhAnupAhi e uttara pazcimanA kuSANa vaMzanA vaMzajo hatA. zaka muruDe (zaka svAmIo) uttara tathA pazcima bhAratanA zaka rAjAo lAge che. () siMhaladvIpa (silona, zrIlaMkA) vagere sarva dvIpanA lokone vaza kya. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #303
272 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA samudraguptanA guNonI prazastimAM enI dAnavIratA, buddhimattA, saMgItavizAradatA, kavitvazakti ItyAdinA ullekha noMdhapAtra che. A rAjAnAM be tAmrazAsana maLyAM che, paNa e banAvaTI che. 27 enA vINAvAdanA prakAranA sikkA enI saMgItarucinA dyotaka che. enI potAnI kAvyaracanAnA namUnA maLyA nathI, paraMtu hariSaNanI A kAvyakRti kAvyano uttama namUno che. 3. caMdragupta 2 jAna mathurA staMbhalekha, gu. saM. 61 1. siddham [1] bhaTTAraka mahArAja[rAjAdhi]rAjazrIsamudraguptasa3. tputrasya bhaTTArakama[hArAjAdhi]rAjazrIcandragupta3. sya vijayarAjyasaMvatsare paMcame 5 kAlAnuvartamAnasaM4. vatsare ekaSaSThe 61... [pra]thame zukladivase paM5. camyAM [1] asyAM pUrvA[yAM] [bha]gava[tku]zikAddazamena bhagava6. parAzarAccaturthena [bhagavatka]pi[la]vimalazi7. SyaziSyeNa bhagava[dupabhita] vimalaziSyeNa 8. AryoMdi[tA]cAye[Na] [sva]pu[NyA]pyAyananimitta 9. gurUNAM ca kIrtya[thamupamitezva]rakapilezvarau 10. gurvAyatane guru......pratiSThApitA(to) [b] nai11. talkhyAtyartha mabhili[khyate] [1] [atha] mAhezvarANAM vi12. jJaptixkriyate sambodhanaM ca [1] yathAkA[le]nAcAryA13. NAM parigrahamiti matvA vizaGka [pU]jApura14. skAraM parigrahapArivAlyaM [kuryA]diti vijJaptiriti [1] 15. yazca kIrtyabhidrohaM kuryAdyazcAbhilikhitamuparyodhe 16. vA [sa] paMcabhirmaha(hA)pAtakaizca saMyuktassyAt [1] 17. jayati ca bhagavAndaNDaH] rudradaNDA[5][nA]yako nityaM [1] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #304
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha ra77 siddhama (siddhi thAo). bhaTTAraka (svAmI) mahArAja rAjAdhirAja zrI samudraguptanA saputra bhaTTAraka mahArAja rAjAdhirAja zrI caMdraguptanA vijayarAjyanA varSa pAMcame (aMke) 5 kAla(saMvata)nA varSa ekasaThame (aMke) 61 (ASADha mAse) prathame zukala pakSanA divase paMcamIe-A vigatanI tithie bhagavAna kuzikathI dasamA, bhagavAna parAzarathI cothA, bhagavAna kapilavimalanA ziSyanA ziSya ane bhagavAna upamitavimalanA ziSya Aya uditAcArye pitAnA puNyanI abhivRddhi nimitta ane guruonI kIrti arthe upamitezvara ane kapilezvara nAme guru-maMdire guru(nI pratimA sahita) sthApyAM. A khyAti arthe abhilikhita karAtuM nathI. mAhezvarane vijJapti ane saMbodhana karavAmAM Ave che ? yathAsamaya AcAryone parigraha (thaze ema mAnIne niHzaMka pUjA-puraskArane parigrahathI pAripAlya kare evI vijJapti che. je kItine abhidroha kare ne je abhilikhita (katarelA)ne upara nIce kare, te pAMca mahApAtako ane upapAtakethI yukta thAya. "agranAyaka bhagavAna daMDa daMDa nitya jaya pAme che." 7212121 241 242 24 "Epigraphia Indica" 41 Vol. XXI Hi De. bhAMDArakare saMpAdita karyo che (pR. 8 thI). lekha saMskRta bhASAmAM che, paNa emAM prAkRtanI chAMTa che. A lekha caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayano che. vaMzAvaLI enA pitA samudraguptathI ja ApI che. baMne mATe "mahArAjAdhirAja' uparAMta "bhaTTAraka" biruda prajAyuM che. lekha saLaMga kAla(saMvata)ne arthAta gupta saMvatanA varSa 61 no che. tyAre I. sa. 380 no me mahine cAlato hato. ASADha adhika hato. A varSe caMdraguptanA rAjyakAlanuM varSa pa cAlatuM hatuM. A parathI enuM rAjyArohaNu gu. saM. pa7(I. sa. 376-77)mAM thayuM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. gupta saMvatano A sahuthI prAcIna jJAta samayanirdeza che ne e gupta saMvatanI utpattinA prazna mATe upayogI nIvaDI che. A lekhanuM bIjuM mahattva zaivadharmanA ItihAsamAM raheluM che. uditAcArya nAme ziva AcArye potAnA guru tathA vaDagunA nAma parathI upamitezvara tathA 18 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #305
274 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kapilezvara nAme zivanAM maMdira karAvyAM ne emAM e guonI pratimAo paNa rasthApI. A ghaTanA sthAnika ane tatkAlIna mahattvanI ja gaNAya, paraMtu uditAcAryanA guruonI vaMzAvaLImAM bhagavAna kuzikane ullekha karyo che te savizeSa mahattva dharAve che. A kuzika e prAyaH pAzupata saMpradAyanA pravartaka bhagavAna lakulIzanA cAra paTTaziSyomAMnA kuzika che. lakulIza zivano avatAra gaNatA. emanuM sthAnaka kAyAvarohaNa kahevAtuM ne tyAM emaNe kAyA (deha) sAthe (avatArarUpe) avarohaNa kareluM manAtuM. kAyAvarohaNa e vaDodarA jillAnuM kAravaNa (karajaNa ane DabhoInI vacce) che, jyAM bhagavAna lakulIzanI pratimAvALAM zivaliMga pUjAya che. emanA ziSya zikamAMthI kauzika zAkhA pravatI hatI. uditAcArya (I. sa. 380) guruziSya paraMparAmAM bhagavAna kuzikathI dasamA hatA, e parathI kuzikana tathA temanA guru bhagavAna lakulIzano samaya aMdAjI zakAya che. bhagavAna lakulIzane A hisAbe IsvI bIjI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM mUkI zakAya.29 ahIM mAhezvarone arthAta mahezvara(mahAdeva-ziva)nA upAsakono spaSTa ullekha che. zaiva rAjAo "parama mAhezvara' kahevAtA. je dharma- dAna ke pUta kAryane lagatA rAjazAsanane bhaMga kare, tene pAMca mahApAtake ane upapAtaka lAge evuM manAtuM ne eno bhaMga na thAya mATe A zikSAnA bhayano khAsa nirdeza karAto. brahmahatyA, surApAna, caurya ane gurupatnIsamAgama e cAra mahApAtaka gaNAtAM ne e mahApAtaka karanArane saMsarga e pAMcamuM mahApAtaka gaNAtuM.30 Ama A abhilekha gupta saMvata, caMdragupta 2 jAnuM rAjyArohaNa ane bhagavAna lakulIzanA samayAMkana para prakAza pADe che. 4. skaMdaguptane jUnAgaDha zailalekha, gu.saM. 136, 137 ane 138 1- siddham che. zriyamabhimatabhogyAM naikakAlApanItAM tridazapatisukhArtha yo balerAjahAra / kamalanilayanAyAH zAzvataM dhAma lakSmyAH 2. 8 gati vinitAtteiviMdapurattanay : I [1] tadanu jayati zazvat zrIparikSiptavakSAH svabhujajanitavIryA rAjarAjAdhirAjaH / narapati For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #306
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 3. bhujagAnAM mAnadappetphaNAnAM pratikRtigaruDAjJAM nirvvirSI cAvakartA // [ 2 ] nRpatiguNaniketaH skandaguptaH pRthuzrIH caturu [dadhijalA]ntAM sphItaparyantadezAm / 4. avanimavanatAriryaH cakArAtmasaMsthAM pitari surasakhitvaM prAptavatyAtmazaktyA / / [3] ajita []va tena prathayanti yazAMsi yasya ripavo [s] [1] AmUlabhagnadarpA ni[rvacanA mlecchadezeSu ] // [4] 5. krameNa buddhayA nipuNaM pradhArya dravya dhyAtvA ca kRtsnAnguNadoSahetUn / vyapetya savrvAnmanujendraputrAMlakSmIH svayaM yaM varayAMcakAra // [ 5 ] tasminnRpe zAsati naiva kazciddharmmAdapeto manujaH prajAsu / upabhAti Arto daridro vyasanI kadaye daNDa (NDayo) na vA yo bhRzapIDitaH syAt / / [6] evaM sa jitvA pRthivIM samagrAM bhagnAgradarpA [n ] dviSatazca kRtvA / sabrvveSu dezeSu vidhAya goptR (tu)n saMcintayA [ mA ] sa bahuprakAram // [ 7 ] sthAko [S]nurUSo matimAnvinIto medhAsmRtibhyAmanapetabhAvaH / satyArjavaudAryanayeopapanno mAdhurya dAkSiNyayazonvitazca // [ 8 ] bhakto[S]nurako nR[vize]SayuktaH sarvopadhAmi ca vizuddhabuddhiH / ! anRNyabhAvopagatAntarAtmAH [tmA] sarvvasya leokasya hite pravRttaH // [ 9 ] For Personal & Private Use Only 275

Page #307
276 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 8. nyAyAne[5]rthasya ca kaH samarthaH syAdarjitasyApyatha rakSaNe ca / gopAyitasyAyi [ca] vRddhihetau vRddhasya pAtrapratipAdanAya // [10] sarveSu bhRtyeSvapi saMhateSu yo me praziSyAnnikhilAnsurASTrAn / AM jJAtamekaH khalu parNAdatto bhArasya tasyodvahane samarthaH // [11] evaM vinizcitya nRpAdhipena . naikAnahorAtragaNAnsvamatyA / yaH saMniyukto[s]rthanayA kathaMcit samyaksurASTrAvanipAlanAya // [12] niyujya devA varuNaM pratIcyAM svasthA yathA nonmanaso babhUvu[:] [1] pUrva tarasyAM dizi parNadattaM niyujya rAjA dhRtimAMstathAbhUt / [1] [13] 10. tasyAtmajo hyAtmajabhAvayukto dvidheva cAtmAtmavazena nItaH / savatminAtmeva ca rakSaNIyo nityAtmavAnAtmajakAntarUpaH / [1] [14] rUpAnurUpairlalitavicitraiH nityapramodAnvitasarvabhAvaH / prabuddhapadmAkarapadmavaktro nRNAM zaraNyaH zaraNAgatAnAm / [1] [15] 11. abhavadbhuvi cakrapAlito[5]sAviti nAmnA prathitaH priyo jnsy| svaguNairanupaskRtairuvAtti]: pitaraM yazca vizeSayAMcakAra / [1] [16] kSamA prabhutvaM vinayo nayazca zaurya vinA zauryamaha(hA)rcanaM c| dAkSyaM damo dAnamadInatA ca dAkSiNya mAnaNya na[zUnyatA ca [i] [17] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #308
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha saudaryamAye taranigrahazca avismayo dhairyyamudIrNatA c| 12. ityevamete[s]tizayena yasmi navipravAsena guNA vasanti / [1] [18] na vidyate'sau sakale[s]pi loke yatropamA tasya guNaiH kriyeta / sa eva kAtsnyena guNAnvitAnAM babhUva na(nR)NAmupamAnabhUtaH / [1] [19] ityevametAnadhikAnato[s]nyAnguNAnparIkSya svayameva pitrA / yaH saMniyukto nagarasya rakSA viziSya pUrvAnpracakAra samyak / [1] [20] 13. Azritya vi(vI)rya [svabhu]jadvayasya svasyaiva nAnyasya narasya darpa / nodvejayAmAsa ca kaMcidevamasminpure caiva zazAsa duSTA:(STAn) / [1] [21] visnabhamalpena zazAma yo[s]smin kAlena lokeSu snaagressu| yo lAlayAmAsa ca pauravargAn [svasyeva] putrAnsuparIkSya doSAn / [1] [22] saMraMjayAM ca prakRtIrbabhUva pUrvAsmitAbhASaNamAnadAnaiH / 14. niyantraNAnyonyagRhapravezai [ :] saMvardhitaprItigRhopacArai : / [1] [23] brahmaNyabhAvena pareNa yuktaH [zukla: zucirdAnaparo yathAvat / prApyAnsa kAle viSayAnsiSeve dharmArthayozcA[pya]virodhanena / [1] [24] [yo..................parNadattA]'tsa nyAyavAnatra kimasti citra / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #309
275 bhAratIya abhilekhavidhA muktAkalApAmbujapadmazItA ccandrAtkimuSNaM bhavitA kadAcit / [1] [25] 15. atha krameNAmbudakAla Aga[te] [nidAghakAlaM pravidArtha toyadaiH / vavarSa toyaM bahu saMtataM ciraM sudarzanaM yena bibheda cAtvarAt / [1] [26] saMvatsarANAmadhike zate tu triMzadbhiranyairapi SaDabhireva / rAtrau dine prauSTapadasya SaSThe guptaprakAle gaNanAM vidhAya / [1] [27] 16. imAzca yA raivatakAdvinirgatA[:] palAzinIyaM sikatA vilAsinI / ..... samudrakAntAH cirbndhnossitaaH| punaH patiM zAstrayathocitaM yayuH / [1] [28] avekSya varSAgamajaM mahobhrama mahodadherUrjayatA priyepsunaa| anekatIrAntajapuSpazobhito 17. nadImayo hasta iva prasAritaH / [1] [29] viSAdya[mAnAH khalu sarvato janA[ : ] kathaM kathaM kAryamiti pravAdinaH / mitho hi pUrvApararAtramutthitA vicintayAM cApi babhUvurutsukAH / [1] [30] apIha loke sakale sudarzanaM pumA(mAn ) hi durdarzanatAM gataM kSaNAt / 18. bhavennu so[s]mbhonidhitulyadarzanaM sudarzanaM..................[4] [31] ................vaNe sa bhUtvA pituH parAM bhaktimapi pradarya / dharma purodhAya zubhAnubandhaM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #310
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha rAjJo hitArtha nagarasya caiva / [1] [32] saMvatsarANAmadhike zate tu triMzadbhiranyairapi saptabhizca / [guptaprakAle naya] zAstravettA vizvo[5]pyanujJAtamahAprabhAvaH / [1] [33] AjyapraNAmaiH vibudhAnatheSTvA dhanairdvijAtInapi tarpayitvA / paurAMstathAbhyarcya yathArhamAnaiH bhRtyAzca pUjyAnsuhRdazca dAnaiH / [1] [34] 20. graiSmasya mAsasya tu pUrvapakSi] ... ...[pra]thame[5]hni samyak / mAsadvayenAharavAnsa bhUtvA dhanasya kRtvA vyayamaprameyam / [1] [35] AyAto hastazataM samagraM vistArataH SaSTirathApi cASTau / 21. utsedhato[5]nyat puruSANi [sapta ?] ... ...hastazataddhayasya / [1] [36] vabandha yatnAnmahatA nRdevAna[bhyarcya ?] samyagghaTitopalena / ajAtiduSTamprathitaM taTAkaM sudarzanaM zAzvatakalpakAlam / [1] [35] api ca sudRDhasetuprAnta(?)vinyastazobharathacaraNasamAhvako cahaMsAsadhUtam vimalasalila .. ... bhuvi ta...da[ne']H zazI ca / [1] [38] nagaramapi ca bhUyAbRddhimattaurajuSTaM dvijabahuzatagItabrahmaniSTapApaM / zatamapi ca samAnAmItidurbhikSa[muktaM] 23. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #311
280 patha 24. haptAdirpapraNudaH pRthuzriya : svavaGzaketoH sakalAvanI : / rAjAdhirAjyAd bhutapuNya[karmaNaH ] asaI [iti suda]rzana TAka saMskAragrantharacanA [sa]mAptA // nahI * dvIpasya goptA mahatAM ca netA daNDastha[] tasyAtmajenAtmaguNAnvitena govindapAdArpitajIvitena / ... [ // ] [40] ... ...[1] .gdhaM viSNozca pAdakamale samavApya tatra / arthavyayena dviSatAM damAya / [1] [41] ...[] [39] bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 'nAtmaprabhAvanatapaurajanena tena / [1] [43 ] cakraM bibhartti ripu ... [sa]ArthamutthitamiveArjayatA(S)calasya [] [42] mahatA mahatA ca kAle [] tasya svataMtravidhikAraNamAnuSasya / [1] [44 ] 27. kAritamavakramatinA cakrabhRtaH cakrapAlitena gRhaM / varSazate[S]AtriMze guptAnAM kAlakramagaNite [ // ] [45] ...[0] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #312
281 keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 28. urvabhUmiva mati purasya mUrkhi [6] *** .. . ..]. ... ... ...ddhavihRpamA vijhAnate.. ... ... ... [5] [47] "siddhama (siddhi thAo). jemaNe devAdhipati(Indra)nA sukha arthe, lAMbA kAlathI apaharaNa karAyelI ane jeno bhoga (sahune) priya che tevI lakSmIne bali pAsethI pAchI lIdhI, je kamalamAM rahelI lakSmInuM zAzvata dhAma che, je Apattine chatI le che ane je atyaMta jiSNu (jaya-zIla) che tevA viSNu jaya pAme "te pachI nitya jIte che, lakSmIthI AliMgita chAtIvALA pitAnA bAhuthI jemaNe parAkrama karyuM che ane je abhimAna ane garvathI UMcI phaNA karelA rAjAo rUpI sane nivipa karanAra pratikRti garuDanI AjJAnA avakartA hatA tevA rAjA ane rAjAdhirAja (2), rAjAnA guNonuM sthAna, vizALa zrI (kIrti)vALA, ane jayAre pitA devonI maitrI pAmyA (arthAt svargastha thayA) tyAre potAnI zaktithI zatruone namAvIne, cAra samudranAM jalathI sImita ane samRddha sImAnta dezavALI pRthvIne jemaNe pitAne vaza karI tevA kaMdagupta (3). jemane yaza jenA garvano samULago nAza thayo che tevA zatruo paNa sveccha dezamAM prasAre che tevA temane jaya thayo ja che (4). kramazaH buddhithI sArI rIte vicArIne ane guNo tathA doSonA sakaLa hetuonuM ciMtana karIne, lakSmIe sarva narendra-putrIne mUkIne jemane pasaMda karyA (5), te rAjA rAjya kare che tyAre prajAjanemAM dharmathI dUra thayele, Arta, daridra, vyasanI (saMkaTagrasta), lebI, daMDapAtra ke atipIDita hoya tevo kaI manuSya che ja nahi (6). A rIte samagra pRthvIne jItIne ane zatruonA darpanuM khaMDana karIne, sarva deza(pradeza)mAM goptA (rAjyapAla) nImIne emaNe bahu rIte ciMtana karyuM (7): keNa anurUpa, atimAna, vinIta, medhA ane smRtinA bhAvathI zruta nahi te, satya Arjava audArya ane nayathI yukta, mAdhurya dAkSiya ane yaza dharAvato (2), bhakta (parAyaNa), anurakta, manuSyanA vizeSa guNothI yukta, sarva kapaTothI vizuddha evI buddhivALo, AkRNya(RNamukti)nA bhAvathI jeno aMtarAtmA yukta che tevo sarva lokatA hitamAM keNa pravRtta hoya ? (9) artha(saMpatti)nA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #313
282 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA nyAyI arjanamAM, arjitanA rakSaNamAM, rakSitanI vRddhi karavAmAM ane vRddhi karelAnA supAtra-dAnamAM keNa samartha heya? (10) sarva sevakone ekaThA karatAM. je mArA akhila surASTra dezanuM barAbara zAsana kare tevo koNa heya)? hA, jANyuM te bhAra upADavAmAM kharekhara mAtra parNadatta samartha che (11). "A rIte pitAnI matithI aneka divasa-rAta nizcaya karIne rAjAdhirAje surASTra dezanA samyapha pAlana mATe vinavaNIthI ene niyukta karyo (12). jevI rIte devo pazcima dizAmAM varuNane niyukta karIne nizciMta ane svastha thayA tevI rIte pazcima dizAmAM parNadarane niyukta karIne rAjA svastha thayA. tene (padano) putra bhAvathI yukta potAnI zakitathI jANe pote be bhAgamAM vibhakta thayuM hoya tevo pitAnI jema sarva rIte rakSaNAya, haMmezAM pitAne vaza rAkhanAra, manoja (kAmadeva) jevA ramaNIya rUpavALo (14), rUpane anurUpa lalita ane vicitra (vividha) (karmo)thI nitya AnaMdathI yukta ravabhAva dharAvato, padmanA jaLAzayamAM rahelA khIlelA padma jevA mukhavALo, zaraNe AvelA mANasone zaraNa ApanAra (15), e jagatamAM "cakrapAlita nAmathI khyAti dharAve che, janone priya che ne je pitAnA udAtta abAdhita guNo vaDe pitAthI caDiyAta che (16), kSamA, prabhutva, vinaya, naya, zauryanA mahAmUlyAMkana vinAnuM zaurya, dakSatA, dama (damana), dAna, a-dInatA, dAkSiya,. AnuSya ane azunyatA (pUrNatA) (17), sauMdarya, Ayetarane nigraha, a-garva dhaya, ane gAMbhIryA-e guNo jenAmAM avirata atizaya vase che (18), tenA guNo sAthe jenI upamA (sarakhAmaNI) karAya tevo kaI sakaLa lokamAM ya che nahi. guNayukata janomAM e ja pUrNa rIte upamAna thayo che (19). Ama e ane enAthI adhika anya guNo pitAe pote ja tapAsIne jene niyukata karyo ne agAunA rakSaka) karatAM jeNe nagaranI vizeSa rakSA sArI rIte karI che (20). potAnA be bAhunA parAkrama para temaja bIjAnA nahi, (paNa) potAnA ja garva para AdhAra rAkhIne e keIne uga karato nahi temaja A nagaramAM duSTonuM zAsana karato ja (21). je nagare nagarajana) sahita lake vize alpa kAlamAM visaMbha (vizvAsa) dharAvato ne doSe tapAsIne potAnA putranI jema paura (nagarajana) vargone lADa laDAvato (2). smita sAthenuM saMbhASaNa, mAna ane dAna vaDe anyanA gRhamAM aniyaMtrita praveza vaDe ane prItivardhaka gRha-upacAro vaDe jeNe prajAnuM raMjana karyuM (ra3), brahmanA. pasyA bhAvathI yukata For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #314
283 keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha zubha, patritra, yathAyAgya dAnaparAyaNa, dhama ane a nA virodha vinA viSayeAne yeAgya kAle prApta karIne sevatA (24), je te paNa dattamAMthI janmyA che te nyAyavAna hoya temAM zI navAI che? meAtIonA samUha ke jaLamAMthI janmatA padma jevA zItala caMdramAMthI kadI garamI udbhave kharI ? (25) grISmakAlane jaladA (vAdaLA) vaDe bhedatA kramazaH jalada-kAla AvyA tyAre lAMkhA vakhata satata bahu jala varasyuM, jenAthI sudana satthara tUTI gayuM (26). guptakAlamAM gaNanA karIne ekasA chatrIsamA varSamAM bhAdrapada mAsanA SaSThe dine rAte (27), raivataka parvatamAMthI nIkaLelI A je palAzinI, (suvarNa)sikatA (ane) vilAsinI nadIe je lAMkhe vakhata baMdhanamAM rahI hatI te pAchI zAstra-yathAcita pati (samudra) pAse gaI (28). varSAnA AgamanathI thayelA meTA utkramane joI ne mahAsAgaranuM priya karavA icchatA Uyata pa`te kAMdha para UgelAM aneka puSpAthI zebhita nadImaya hasta prasAk(29). sava` rIte viSAda pAmatA jatA 'DaeNma karavu, kema karavu" ema paraspara pravAda karatA, rAtrinA pUrva bhAgamAM temaja uttara bhAgamAM. UThIne utsuka (ciMtAtura) thaI ciMtA karavA lAgyA (30). kSaNamAM mANasanI jema ahIM sakala leAkamAM du``natA pAmeluM sudarzana je samudra jevuM dekhAya che te kadI sudarzona (darzInIya)...? (31) ...thaIne pitA tarapha parama bhakti paNa darzAvIne, zubha-pariNAmI dharmate AgaLa karIne eNe rAjAnA temaja nagaranA hita athe (32), guptakAlanA ekase ne sADatrIsamA varSe, naya(nIti)zAstranA jANakAre, jagatamAM jene mahAprabhAva. suvidita che teNe (33) ghI(nI Ahutie) ane praNAme vaDe devAnuM yajana karIne, dhana(nA dAna) vaDe brAhmaNAne tRpta karIne, paurajanAne yathAyAgya mAna vaDe ane AdaraNIya sevakAne tathA suhRdAne dAna vaDe samAnIne (34), caiSma31 mAsanA pUrva (prathama) pakSe...prathama divase sArI rIte, e mAsamAM, teNe AdaravAna thaI ne, dhananA amApa vyaya karIne (35), laMbAImAM kula se| hasta, vistAramAM aDasaTha hasta ane UMcAImAM sAta () puruSa mAtheADAM 32 aseA hasta (36), bhUdevAnuM ayana karIne, bhAre yatnathI sArI rIte paththarA esADIne, jAti (prakRti)thI dUSita nahi tevuM ane zAzvata kalpakAla sudhI Take tevu sudarzana taLAva khAMdhyu (37). (( "zAbhA ApatAM cakravAka, kauca ane huMsa vaDe dheAvAtA dRDha setunA cheDA-vALu, pavitra jaLa... jagatamAM...sUya ane cadra 33 (38), te nagara pa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #315
284 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA paurajanothI bharapUra aneka sekaMDe brAhmaNothI gavAtAM sUkata vaDe niSpApa thayeluM e varSe paNa dukALathI mukta... vRddhivALuM thAo(39). "sudarzana tAka(taLAva)nA saMskAra(samArakAma)nA grantha(lakhANu)nI racanA A rIte samApta thaI." garviSTha zagunA garvano nAza karanAra, vizALa zrIvALA, pitAnA vaMzane dhvaja, sakaLa pRthvIne pati, rAjAdhirAja, adbhuta puNyakarmavALA...... dIpa (surASTra)ne gaptA, moTAone netA, daMDa pAmelA zatruonA damana mATe (41).34 "tene putra, AtmaguNavALo, goviMdanAM caraNone jeNe jIvana arpita kareluM che tevo...(42),.... tyAM viSaNunA caraNakamaLamAM pAmIne, puSkaLa dhanane vyaya vaDe ane lAMbA kAle jeNe pitAnA prabhAvathI pIrajanone namAvyA che tevA teNe (43), cakra dhAraNa kare che, ripu.... svataMtravidhinA kAraNarUpa te mAnuSa(manuSya)nuM (44), guptakAlanA eka ADatrIsamA varSe sarasamativALA cakrapAlite cakrabhUta(cakradhArI)nuM pa gRha (devAlaya) karAvyuM (45). ...Urjata parvatanuM jANe sArtha usthita hoya tema nagaranA mAthe (rahI) jANe prabhutva karatuM hoya tevuM bhAse che. (46) ane bIju mAthe...jeNe pakSIonA mArgane rekI che. ...zobhe che."36 A zailalekha jUnAgaDhano e zila, jenI eka bAju para azokanA cauda dharmalekha' ane bIjI bAju para mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno lekha kotarela che, tenI uttara-pazcima bAju para karela che. judA judA kAlanA, judA judA lipimaroDa dharAvatA, AvA traNa agatyanA abhilekha dharAvato A zela kharekhara virala ane ati mahattvanuM gaNAya. 2411 au Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol.III Hi mULa lekhanI pratikRti ane enA livyaMtara tathA bhASAMtara sAthe prakAzita thayo che.37 - mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA samayamAM girinagaranA sudarzana taLAvanA setumAM nadI.. -onA pUrane laIne moTuM gAbaDuM paDayuM hatuM ne amAtya suvizAkhe vadhAre daDha For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #316
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 285, setu baMdhAvyo hate. traNaso-eka varSa pachI tyAM pharI ativRSTi thaI nadIomAM bhAre pUra AvyuM, baMdha tUTI gayo ne jaLAzaya khAlIkhama thaI gayuM. girinagaranA nagarapAla cakrapAlite e tarata ja samarAvyuM, ne ene lagatA lekha e ja zaila para kotarAvyo. | gupta samrATe parama bhAgavata hatA. skaMdagupta nImele surASTranA rAjyapAla tathA teno putra cakrapAlita, je girinagara nagarapAla hato te, paNa parama bhAgavata , hato, AthI lekhane AraMbha viSNunI stutinA zvekathI thAya che. A Akho lekha saMskRta padyamAM che. sadarzana-taTAka-saMskArane lagato ene prathama khaMDa 39 zlokone che ne cakrapAlike baMdhAvelA cakradhArInA maMdirane lagate bIjo khaMDa 8 zlokana che. glaeNka mAlinI, AryA, upajAti, IndravajI, vaMzastha ane vasaMtatilakA chaMdamAM racAyA che. zleka 2-6 mAM rAjAdhirAja skaMdaguptanI prazasti ApI che. . mAM gupta rAjAonI gaDacihanAMkita rAjamudrAne nirdeza che. pitA kumAraguptanA chellA divasomAM hUNone upadrava thatAM kaMdaguptane emane bhAre sAmano karavo. paDelo. eNe sarva dezo(pradeza)mAM goptA(rakSaka-rAjyapAla) nImIne surASTranA goptAnI nimaNuka mATe aneka ahorAtra (divasa-rAta) vicAra karyA karyo. A dUrano sImAnta prAMta hato mATe ? kAMto parNadattanI aMgata prazasti mATe surASTranA goptAnI nimaNUkane ahIM prAsaMgika mahattva apAyuM haze ? . 8-11 mAM Adarza rAjyapAlanA apekSita guNa gaNAvavAmAM AvyA che. parNadattanI pasaMdagIne lagatA le 12-13mAM ene aMgata paricaya ApavAmAM AvyA nathI, enuM kula paNa jaNAvyuM nathI. girinagaranA nagarapAla nimAyelA cakrapANitanI prazasti vistArathI karavAmAM AvI che (. 14-25). lekhane mukhya viSaya . 26 mAM zarU thAya che. gu. saM. 136(I. sa. 455). mAM ativRSTi thaI nadIomAM bhAre pUra AvyuM, baMdha tUTI gaye ne sudarzana khAlIkhama thaI gayuM. A karaNa ghaTanAnuM nirUpaNa ahIM kavinI rIte rucirakalpanAo dArA karyuM che (le. 28-29). For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #317
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA duzana thaI gayelu suda'na taLAva have kadI pAg sudarza na (OnIya) thaze kharuM...? sthAnika leAkeAne enI satata ciMtA thavA lAgI (zleA. 30-31). 18 nagarapAla cakrapAlite rAjAnA tathA nagaranA hita arthe khIje ja varSe gu. sa. 177(I. sa. 456)mAM ene setu samarAvI dIdhA (zleA. 32-37). gu. sa. 136nA ceAmAsAmAM tUTele aMdha khIjo unALA AvatAM pAche baMdhAI gayA. enI dhArmika vidhi e mAsa cAlI. deve ane bhUdeve temaja paurajane ane adhikArIone dAna-mAna apAyAM. agAunI sarakhAmaNIe A vakhate gAmaDu nAnuM paDayu hatuM. have samarAveluM sudarzana zAzvata kAla lagI Takaze evuM manAyu, paraMtu kALanI gati gahana che. hAla enA tUTaka tUTaka avazeSa ja rahyA che, je jUnAgaDhanA dhArAgaDha athavA triveNI daravAjAnI pAse najare paDe che.38 lekhanA a Mte sudarzana taLAva tathA girinagara nagara mATe zubhAziSa vyakata karavAmAM AvI che (zleA. 38-39). 457- puravaNImAM cakradhArI viSNunA maMdiranA nirmANunI hakIkata ArpI che (zle. 40-47). e maMdira cakrapAlite baMdhAvyuM hatuM, gu. sa. 178(I. sa. 58)mAM. e ghaNuM uttuMga hatuM. A puravaNInA ghaNA bhAga khaMDita che. AkhA lekha guptakAlanI vaidabI kAvyazailImAM racAyA che. 5. bhAnuzuptanA samayanA eraNa zilAsta...bhalekha, gu. sa 1. saMvatsarazate ekanavatyuttare zrAvaNavahulapakSa saptamyAM 2. saMvat 191 zrAvaNa ba di 7 // vAyuttamo... 4. rAneti vidyutiH [0] tasya puttro [S]tivikrAnto nAmnA rAjAtha mAdhavaH // [ 1 ] goparAja: sutastasya zrImAnvivyAtapauruSaH [] zaramarAnauditra: vAtio[5]dhunA (!) [5] [2] zrIbhAnugupto jagati pravIro rAnA mahAsvArthasamo[5]tisUraH [] tenAtha sArddhantviha gopara [jo] For Personal & Private Use Only 191

Page #318
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha 287 6. mitrAnuna] AinuAta: A [] zravA iii yuddha yuva()ze no hica 2][ndravadhU] [1] 7. bhaktAnuraktA ca priyA ca kAntA ma[ ] ] guntA[nira[]riNam [4] "saMvatsara (varSa) eka ekANumAM zrAvaNa kRSNapakSanI saptamIe saMvata 191 zrAvaNa vadi 7. "...vaMzamAMthI utpanna thayela ...rAja' nAme oLakhAto. tene putra mAdhava nAme atiparAkramI rAjA hato (1). teno putra zrI goparAja hato. tenuM pauruSa vikhyAta hatuM. e zarabharAjano daihitra hato ne pitAnA vaMzanA tilakarUpa hato (2). zrI bhAnugupta jagatamAM pravIra, pArtha (arjuna) samAna atizara mahAna rAjA che. tenI sAthe mitra tarIke anugamana karIne goparAja enI pAchaLa Avyo(3) ne bhAre ujajavala yuddha karIne divya narendra jevo e svarge gaye. ne enI bhakta anurakta priya kAMta bhAryA agnirAzi(citA)mAM alagna thaIne enI pAchaLa gaI (arthAta satI thaI gaI)." (4) A lekha madhya pradezanA sAgara jillAmAM AvelA eraNa nAme gAmamAM zilAtaMbha para kotarelo che. ahIM samudraguptano paNa eka staMbha-lekha karelo che39 jemAM eraNanuM saMskRta rUpa 'erikiNa ApyuM che. vaLI ahIM budhaguptanA samayano paNa zilAtaMbha che, je gu. saM. 16pa no che.40 evI rIte ahIM Na rAjA toramANane pratimAlekha maLe che.41 bhAnuguptanA samayano A staMbhalekha Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III mAM vigatavAra prakAzita thaye che.42 A lekha saMskRta padyamAM che. cAra lekano TUMko lekha che. pahelA be zleka anuNubha chaMdamAM ne pachInA be Idravaja chaMdamAM che. zle. 1 nI pahelAM gadyamAM samayanirdeza karyo che - zabdomAM temaja AMkaDAemAM. varSa 19ii gupta saMvatanuM che. tyAre I. sa. 510 cAlatuM hatuM. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #319
288 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA go parAjanA vaMzanuM nAma temaja enA pitAmahanA nAmano mukhya zabda zlo. 1 nA khaMDita bhAgamAM lupta thayela che. pitAnuM nAma mAdhavarAja hatuM. ge parAja bhAnuguptanA rAjyane koI adhikArI haze, paNa enI vigata ahIM ApavAmAM AvI nathI. bhAnugupta e magadhanA gupta vaMzanA rAjA hato. enI pahelAM budhagupta I. sa. 495 sudhI rAjya karyuM hovAnuM jANavA maLyuM che. baMgALAmAM I. sa. 507 mAM caityagupta rAjya karatA hatA. 43 u. pra. mAM vaLI puraguptanA vaMzaja rAjya karatA lAge che. eraNamAM budhaguptanA samayamAM I. sa. 484 mAM mahArAja mAtRviSNue viSNune vajastaMbha Ubho karAvyo hato.44 dUNa mahArAjAdhirAja toramANanA samayamAM dhanyaviSNue tyAM varAhAvatAranuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM tyAre mAtRviSNu svargastha hato ne tyAM e dRNa rAjAnuM zAsana pravartatuM hatuM45 A parathI bhAnuguptanuM yuddha daNa rAjA toramANa sAthe thayuM hovuM joIe ne e yuddhamAM bhAnuguptanA pakSe rahI laDhatAM gaparAja vIragati pAmya lAge che. enI yAdagIrIno lekha ahIM staMbha para kotarAyo che. A prakAranA vIra-smAraka lekhane A sahuthI prAcIna jJAta namUno che. A lekhanuM bIju mahattva e che ke emAM yuddha karatAM mRtyu pAmelA vIranI pAchaLa satI thatI strIno ullekha Ave che e paNa abhilekhomAM Avato sahuthI prAcIna jJAta ullekha che. bhAratamAM patinI pAchaLa agnipraveza karI strI anukaraNa aMgIkAra kare ene "satI thavAnuM kahe che. ahIM ge parAjanI patnInAM nAma, pitRkula vagerenI vigata ApI nathI. Ama smAraka lekha tarIke A staMbhalekhamAM be mahattvanI ghaTanAo noMdhavAmAM AvI che. 6. kumAragupta 2 jAne ke 3 jAne bhitarI mudrA-lekha 1. sarva - rAjocchettu - pRthivyApapratirathasya mahArAja-zrIgupta - prapautrasya mahArAja-zrIghaTotkaca - potvasya mahA - 2. rAjAdhira []ja-zrIcandragupta-puttrasya licchavi-hauhitrasya mahAdevyAM[i] kumAra devyAmutpannasya mahArAjAdhirAja - For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #320
189 keTalAka prAcIna sa`skRta abhilekha 3. zrI samudraguptasya puttrastata rigRhIto mahAdevyAndattadevyAmutpannassvayaM cAparamabhAga - pratiratha vato mahArAjAdhirAja - zrIcandraguptastasya puttrastatpAdAnuyAto mahAdevyAM dhruvadevyAmutpanno mahArA jAdhirAja - zrIkumAraguptastasya puttrastatpAvanuyAto mahAdevyAmanantadevyAmutpanno mahArA 6. jAdhirAjazrI puraguptastasya puttrastatpAdAnuddhyAto mahAdevyAM zrIca dradevyAmu tpanno mahA - 7. rAjAdhirAja zrInara siMhaguptastasya puttrastatpAdAnuddhyAto mahAdevyAM zrImanmattra8. devyAmutpanna paramabhAgavato mahArAjAdhirAja - zrIkumAraguptaH // "mahArAja zrI guptanA pragaiAtra, mahArAja zrI dhaTAtkacanA pautra, mahArAjAdhirAja zrI caMdraguptanA putra, sarva rAjAeAnA ucchettA, pRthvImAM pratispadhI' vinAnA, licchavienA dauhitra ane mahAdevI kumAradevImAM utpanna eve mahArAjAdhirAja zrI samudraguptanA putra, tene AjJAMkita, mahAdevI dattadevImAM utpanna thayelA, pAte pratispardhA vinAnA, parama bhAgavata mahArAtadhirAja zrI caMdragupta; tenA putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharatA, mahAdevI dhruvadevImAM utpanna mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kumAragupta; "teneA putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharatA, mahAdevI anaMtadevImAM utpanna mahArAjAdhirAja zrI pugupta; "teneA putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharatA, mahAdevI zrI caMdradevImAM utpanna mahArAjAdhirAja zrI narasi Mhagupta; "teneA putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharatA, mahAdevI zrI mitradevImAM utpanna parama bhAgavata mahArAjAdhirAja zrI kumAragupta". * kumAragupta nAme rAjAnI A mudrA uttara pradezanA dhAjhIpura jillAnA bhitarI gAmamAM maLelI. A mudrAnu lakhANa Select Inscriptions (Book III, No 32) mAM prakAzita thayuM che.46 19 * For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #321
290 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA ... purAgAmI rAjAonI prazasti samudraguptathI zarU karI che, paNa samudraguptanI prazastimAM enA prapitAmaha sudhI vaMzAvaLItA samAveza karI dIdhA che. ' mahA guptavazanA pahelA e rAjA 'mahArAja' hatA, pachInA badhA rAjAdhirAja ', dareka rAjAnA nAmanI AgaLa ' zrI ' zabda lAgelA che tevA prathama rAjAnA nAmanI AgaLa che, tethI enuM nAma 'gupta' gaNAya.47 caMdragupta 1 lAnA rAjyane abhyudaya licchavipula sAthenA lagna-sabaMdha dvArA thayeA lAge che. enI mahArANI kumAradevI e kulanI hatI. caMdragupta-kumAradevInI AkRtivALA sikkA maLyA che. samudraguptanI rANI dattadevInu nAma samudraguptanA eraNa zilAsta bhalekhamAM ya Apelu che.48 caMdragupta 2 je parama bhAgavata hatA. enI mahArANI dhruvadevI. pahelAM e rAmaguptanI patnI hatI ne vidhavA thayA pachI caMdraguptanI patnI khanI hatI. kumAragupta 1lA pachI ahIM puraguptanu nAma Apyu che, jyAre bhitarImAMnA zilAsta bhalekhamAM kumAragupta 1lA pachI enA putra skandaguptanI prazasti ApelI che.49 puraguptanI mAtA ' mahAdevI ' hatI; rANInA putra hatA. puraguptanA sikkAo para evu khIjuM Apelu che. enI mahArANInuM nAma ' vatsadevI ' ne , candradevI ' paNa vaMcAyuM che.50 * kandagupta prAyaH bIjI nAma badale 6 ( narasiMhaguptanA sikkA para enuM bIjuM nAma bAlAditya ' ApyuM che. enI mahArANInu nAma 'mitradevI ' hatuM. enA sikkAo para ' kramAditya ' evuM enuM khIjuM nAma maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only prakAzAditya ' vaizyadevI ' ke > A mudrA parathI kumAragupta 1 lAnI pachI puragupta - narasihagupta - kumAragupta 2 jo evI vAMzAvaLI jANavA maLe che. bIjI bAju abhilekhAmAM kumAragupta 1 lAnA lekhA (gu. sa. 96-129) pachI enA putra kaguptanA (gu. sa. 136-146), kumAragupta 2 jAnA (gu. sa. 154),11 budhaguptanA (gu. sa. 157 - 165), vainyaguptane (gu. sa 188) ane bhAnaguptanA (gu. sa. 191) lekha maLe che, jyAre gu. sa. 224 nA mahArAjAdhirAja zrI...guptanA tAmrapatramAM gupta samrATanuM nAma saMbhavataH 'kumAragupta ' vaheMcAyuM che.para '

Page #322
keTalAka prAcIna saMskRta abhilekha (291 AthI kumAragupta 1 lAnA uttarAdhikArIono prazna aTapaTo bane che. keTalAka saMkadagupta - puragupta - narasiMhagupta 2 - budhagupta - vainyagupta - bhAnugupta - kumAragupta 3 je evo saLaMga krama le che, to keTalAka eka bAju skandagupta - budhagupta ane bIjI bAju puragupta - narasiMhagupta - kumAragupta 2 je evI be bhinna samAMtara zAkhAo kare che. bhitarI mudrAvALo kumAragupta (2 je). hoya ke gu. saM. 224 nA dAmodarapura tAmrapatravALo (kumAra)gupta (3 je) heya e vize paNa matabheda pravarte che. gu. saM. 154 vALo kumAragupta skaMdaguptanI alaga zAkhAne rAjA hoya ne kaMdagupta ane budhaguptanI vacce thayo hoya, to A mudrAno kumAragupta enAthI bhinna hoya. paNa je puragupta - narasiMhagupta - kumAragupta skaMdagupta ane budhaguptanI vacce thayA hoya, to te badhAne rAjyakAla gu. saM. 148 thI 157 nA dasakAmAM sImita thAya ne to A kumAragupta gu. saM. 154 nA pratimAlekhavALo kumAragupta hoI zake. to e kumAragupta 2 je gaNAya. paNa jo e bhAnuguptane uttarAdhikArI hoya, te kumAragupta 3 jo (gu. saM. 224) gaNAya.53 pAdaTIpa 1. jenuM nAma grahaNa karavuM zubha (zukaniyALa) che. 2. makAnanI Toce rahelA khaMDa 3. javuM na game tevuM 4. sArA dekhAvanuM, jevuM game tevuM pa, arthAta udAra che. 6. pu. 7, pR. 257 thI (DaoN. bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI ane Do. nyUyAra) 7, pR. 8, pR 42 thI (kahona). 8. Book II, No. 67 - 9. bhA. 1, lekha naM. 6. vaLI juo prAcIna mA tIsa samiTe vI madhyayana, . 2, pR. 44-4 6. 10. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 1, lekha 2 thI 5 99. Select Inscriptions, p. 172, n.1 12, B. G, Vol. I, Pt. 1, p. 36; purANomAM gujarAta, pR. 11 13. Select Inscriptions, p. 172, n. 1 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #323
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 98. D. B. Diskalkar, "Selections form Sanskrit InscripLotions," Vol. I, Part II, p. 11 15. purANomAM gujarAta, pR. 11-12 16. vAsiSThIputra pulumAvine nAsika guphAlekha, varSa 19 90. Select Inscriptions, p. 172, n. 6 18 paMkita 1-4mAM nA leka 1-2 no lagabhaga tamAma bhAga naSTa thayo che. - bIjA ghaNAkharA keno keTaloka aMza khaMDita che. 19. te" ane "mahArAjAdhirAja' vacce anekAneka vizeSaNa ApelAM che (paMkti 17-29), te ahIM A vAkya pachI alaga vAkayamAM darzAvyAM che. ahIMthI lakhANa uccazailInA gadyamAM che. 20, parAkramanA aMka(cihna)vALo 21. vaLI juo Select Inscriptions, Book III, No. 2; prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhAM kA adhyayana, kha. 2, pR. 47-49 22. Ibid., p. 257, n. 1 23. Ibid., Book III, No. 40 ra4, vardhA-nAgapura pAse 24. Select Inscriptions, p. 257, n. 2 25. Ibid., p. 258, n. 1 20. Ibid., Book III, Nos. 4-5 28. Ibid, No 9; prAcIna bhAratarapha 3mAM va. kAna, . 2, pR. 51 29 ha. gaM. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta," pR. 26-27 30. brahmahatyA surApAnaM steyaM gurvaganAgamaH / mahAMti pAtakAnyAhustatsaMsargazca pacamam // - manusmRti, 3. 11, ra. 4 31, grISma RtunA mAsa to be che-nirayana paddhatie jayeSTha ane ASADha, sAyana paddhatie vaizAkha ane jayeSTha. ahIM emano pahele mAsa udiSTa lAge che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #324
keTalAka prAcIna sa`skRta abhilekha 32. A badhAM mApa baMdhanAM nahi, paNa gAmaDAnAM lAge che. 33, A samarAvelu' taLAva lAge che. cadra rahe tyAM sudhI kAyama TakA evA bhAvAtha 34, A khaMDita kSeAka rAjyapAla paNa datta vize che. 35. viSNu 36. A khaMDita zleAkAmAM devAlayanI uttu MgatAnuM nirUpaNa lAge che. 67. vaLI jue Select Inscriptions, Book III, No. 25; prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, kha. 2, pR. 63-68. 38. R. N. Mehta, Sudarsana Lake,'J O.I., Vol. XVIII, pp. 20 ff. ; 2. nA. mahetA, 'sthaLatapAsa ane utkhanana dvArA maLatI mAhitI,'gujarAta rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa,' xN. 2, rR, 316 39. Select Inscriptions, Book III, No 3 293 40. Ibid., No. 35 41. Ibid., No. 55 42. vaLI jue Ibid., No. 38 ane prAcIna mAratIya maLelAM nA abyayana, 1. 2, pR. 80, 43. Select Inscriptions, Book III, No 37 44. Ibid., No 35 45. Ibid., No. 55 46. jue Indian Antiquray, Vol. XIX, p. 225 ; prAcIna mAratIya millAM gAla, sva. 2, 6, 7. re7. keTalAke zrIgupta' gaNyu che te yathArtha nathI. 'zrI' ahIM mAnavAcaka zabda che, nAmanA aMtargata bhAga nahi. 48. Select Inscriptions, Book III, No. 3 49, Ibid,, No. 28 51. Ibid., No. 31 52. Ibid., No 39 (p. 337, n. 4) 10. Ibid., p. 322, n. 2 53. Ibid., p. 320, n. 1 ; The Classical Age, pp. 29 ff. 'puragupta' ne badale 'pUrugupta' paNa pATha che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #325
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana bhUmidAna e uttama prakAranuM dhArmika dAna gaNAtuM ne ene lagatuM rAjazAsana lakhIne tAmrapatro para kotarAvI ApavAmAM AvatuM. A dAna zAsanamAM dAna denAra rAjA, dAna lenAra brAhmaNa maMdira ke maTha, dAnamAM devAtI bhUmi, dAnazAsana sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA adhikArIo, dAnazAsanane dUtaka, dAnazAsana lakhanAra adhikArI, dAnazAsananI miti, rAjAnA svahasta (dastako ane rAjamudrAnI chApa tathA bhUmidAnanuM dhArmika mAhAmya, tenA anupAlanane mahimA ane tenA AcchedathI lAgatuM pApa-ene lagatI mAnyatAo paNa noMdhavAmAM Ave che. rAjAonI prazasti parathI enAM parAkramone, dAna lenAranI vigato parathI brAhmaNonAM nAma gotra veda nivAsathAna vagerena, maMdira ke maThanA nirmAtA deva sthAna vagerene, devabhUminA gAma, tAlukA, jillA vagerene, vividha adhikArIono tema ja pracalita bhASA lipi tathA kAlagaNanAnI paddhatine ThIkaThIka khyAla Ape che. A daSTie have keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsanane abhyAsa karIe 1. harSanuM bAMsakheDA tAmrapatra, varSa 22 1. oM svsti| mahAnauharatyazvajayaskandhAvArAcchrIvardhamAnakoTayA mahArAjazrI naravardhanastasya putrastatpAdAnudhyAtaH zrIvadhiNIdevyAmutpannaH paramAdityabhakto mahArAjazrIrAjyavardhanastasya putrastatpAdAnu2, dhyAtaH zrImadapsarodevyAmutpannaH paramAdityabhakto mahArAjazrImadAdityavardhana stasya putrastatpAdAnudhyAtazzrImahAsenaguptAdevyAmutrannazcaturasamudrAtikkrAntakIrtiH pratApAnurAgopa For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #326
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana ra9pa 3. natAnyarAjo varNAzramavyavasthApanapravRttacakra ekacakraratha iva prajAnAmAtiharaH paramAdityabhaktaH paramabhaTTArakamahArAjAdhirAjazrIprabhAkaravardhanastasya puttrasta tpA[dA]4. nudhyAtassitayaza pratAnavicchuritasakalabhuvanamaNDalaH parigRhItadhanadavaruNendraprabhRti lokapAlatejArasatpathopAjitAnekadraviNabhUmipradAnasaMprINitArthihRdayo 5. [s]tizayitapUrvarAjacarito devyAmamalayazomatyA(tyAM) zrIyazomatyAmutpannaH paramasaugatassugata iva parahitaikarataH paramabhaTTArakamahArAjAdhirAjazrIrAjyavardhanaH / rAjAno yudhi du TavAjina iva zrIdevaguptAdayax kRtvA yena kazAprahAravimukhAssarve samaM saMyatAH / utkhAya dviSato vijitya vasudhAGkRtvA prajAnAM priyaM prANAnujjhitavAnarAtibhavane satyAnurodhena yaH / [1] tasyA 7. nujastatpAdAnudhyAtaH paramamAhezvarI mahezvara ina sarvasattvAnukampaH paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAjazrIharSaH ahicchatrAbhuktau vadIyavaiSayika-pazcimapathakasambaddha markaTasA__8. gare samupagatAnmahAsAmantamahArAjadaurasAdhasAdhanikaprasAtArarAjasthAnIyakumArAmA tyoparikaviSayapatibhaTacATasevakAdInprativAsijAnapadAMzca samAjJApayati viditama9. stu yathAyamuparilikhitagrANa vasI-nAparyantassAdragara sarva rAjakulAbhAvyapratyAsameta ssarvaparihataparihAro viSayAduddhatapiNDaH putrapautrAnugazcandrAkkakSitisamakA lIno bhUmicchidranyAyena mayA pituH paramabhaTTArakamahArAjAdhirAjazrIprabhAkaravarddhana- . devasya mAturbhaTTArikAmahAdevIrAjJIzrIyazomatIdevyA jyeSThabhrAtRparamabhaTTAraka-. mahArAjAdhirAjazrIrAjyavardhanadevapAdAnAM ca puNyayazobhivRddhaye bharadvAjasagotrabaha.vRcacchandogasabrahmacAribhaTTabAlacandrabhaTTasvAbhibhyAM pratigrahadharmeNAgrahAratvena pratipA12. dito viditvA bhavadbhissamanumantavyaH prativAsijAnapadairapyAjJAzravaNavidheyai bhUtvA yathAsamucitatulyameyabhAgabhAgakararahiraNyAdipratyAyA etayorevopaneyA. ssevopasthAna[cca] ka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #327
296 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 13. raLIyamityaf RaaN asmatkulakramamudAramudAharaddhi ranyaizca dAnamidamabhyanumodanIyaM / lakSmyAstaDitsalilabubudacaJcalAyA DhAne karuM gharayA rivAjanaM 2 . [1] karmaNA ma14. nasA vAcA kartavyaM prANibhihi(hi)taM / harSeNaitatsamAkhyAtandharmArjanamanuttamaM [ // 2] dUto[Stra kahApramA1 mahAtirthandragupta: mahAlapaTADhirASita mahAsAmantama15. hArAjabhAnusamAdezAdutkIrNa 16. IzvareNedamiti / saMvat 22 17. kArSi vadi 1 [] vasto mama mahAragAdhira nathIrSaya [1] "OM svasti, zrI vardhamAnakoTImAMnI moTI, naukAo, hastIo ane ao dharAvatI vijayachAvaNImAMthI mahArAja zrI naravardhana; tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharato zrI vajiNIdevImAM utpanna, parama Adityabhakata mahArAja zrI rAjyavardhana; tene putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharato, zrI asarodevImAM utpanna parama Adityabhakata mahArAja zrI Adityavardhana ( le); teno putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharato zrI mahAsenaguptAdevImAM utpanna, cAra samudrone vaTAvI gayelI kIrti vALa, pratApa ane anurAga vaDe anya rAjAone vaza karanAra, varNAzramanA vyavasthApanamAM jenuM cakra (sainya) pravRtta che te, eka cakravALo ratha dharAvatA (sUryanI jema prajAjanonI pIDA haranAra parama Adityabhakata paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI prabhAkaravardhana; tene putra, tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharato, zuddha yazarUpI caMdaravAthI jeNe sakala bhuvanamaMDalane DhAMkI dIdhuM che teva, kubera varaNa Indra vagere lokapAlonAM teja parigrahIta karanAra, sanmArge upArjita karelAM dravya ane bhUminAM aneka dAna vaDe jeNe yAcakonAM hRdaya prasanna karyA che te, agAunA rAjAonA caritane TapI janAra, amala yazavALI devI zrI yaze. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #328
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana 27 matImAM utpanna, parama saugata (bauddha), sugata(buddha)nI jema paramAtha mAM parAyaNa paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI rAjyavardhana; jeNe zrI devagupta vagere sarva rAjAone yuddhamAM, cAkSukanA prahArathI vimukha thayelA tAphAnI azvAnI jema, ekI sAthe vaza karyAM; jeNe zatruenu unmUlana karIne, pRthvIne jItIne, prajAnu priya karIne, satyanA anurAdhathI zatrunA bhavanamAM prANa tayA (1). << tenA anuja (nAnA bhAI), tenA caraNanuM dhyAna dharatA, parama mAhezvara, mahezvara(mahAdeva)nI jema sa` sattva tarapha anukaMpA rAkhatA, paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI ahicchatrA bhuktimAM aMgadIya viSayanA pazcima pathakamAM AvelA maka TasAgara gAmamAM ekatra thayelA mahAsAmata, mahArAja, dassAdhasAdhanika, pramAtA, rAjasthAnIya, kumArAmAtya, uparika, viSayapati, bhaTa, cATa, sevA vagerene tathA tyAM rahetA janapadAne AjJA kare che ke - virdita thAva ke upara lakhelu gAma enI sImA paryaMta, uddaMga sAthe, sava rAjakulane na lAge tevA pratyAya (kara) sAthe, sarva parihArathI mukata, viSayathI chUTA paDelA piMDavALu, putrapautrathI bhAgya, caMdra sUrya ane pRthvInA jeTalA kAla sudhInu, bhUmiddhinA nyAye, meM pitA paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja zrI prabhAkaravanadevanA, mAtA bhaTTArikA mahAdevI rANI zrI yazAmatIdevInA ane jayeSTha bhrAtA pUjya paramabhaTTArakamahArAjAdhirAja zrI rAjyavadha nadevanA puNya tathA yazanI abhivRddhi mATe, bharadrAja gAtranA, (anukrame) bavRca ane chaMdoga zAkhAnA vedAdhyAyI bhaTTa bAlacaMdra ane bhaTTasvAmIne pratigrahadhama thI agrahArarUpe Apyu che. A jANIne Ape ene maMjUra karavu ne tyAM rahetA jAnapadoe paNa AjJA zravaNa karI pALavI ane yathAyAgya tALAya tevA tema ja mapAya tevA bhAga bhAga kara hiraNya vagere verA teone ja ApavA ne emanI sevA upasthita karavI. "amArA udAra kulakramane anusaratA tema ja anya (rAjAe)e A dAnane anumeAdana ApavuM. dAna ane parayazanu paripAlana vIjaLI ane pANInA parapATA jevI caMcaLa lakSmInuM phaLa che (2). kathI, manathI (ane) vANIthI prANIoe hita karavuM. harSe` A anuttama dha[pAjana kahyuM che. ahIM dUtaka mahApramAtAra mahAsAmata zrI ska Mdagupta (che). mahAkSapaTalAdhikaraNanA adhikArI, mahAsAmata, mahArAja bhAnunA AdezathI Izrvare A For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #329
ra98 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kotaryuM che. saMvata 22 kArtika vadi 1. mAre mahArAjAdhirAja zrI harSanA svahasta (dastaka)." uttara pradezanA zahAjahAMpura pAsenA bAsakheDA gAmamAMthI maLeluM A tAmrapatra hAla lakhanaunA myujhiyamamAM che. tAMbAnA 48433 se.mI. (19413 iMca) kadanA eka patarA para 18 paMktimAM katareluM A bhUmidAnane lagatuM rAjazAsana che. e Epigraphia Indica, Vol IV mAM prakAzita thayuM che (pR. 208). "ujha svasti" evA maMgalavAcaka zabdathI zarU thatA A dAnazAsanamAM pahelAM rAjazAsananuM sthaLa jaNAvyuM che. vardhamAnakoTInuM sthAna oLakhAyuM nathI, paraMtu e ahicchatrAthI bahu dUra nahi hoya. A dAnazAsana rAjAe vijaya chAvaNImAMthI pharamAvyuM che. enA saMdarbhamAM nausenA, hastisenA ane azvasenAno ullekha thayo che. dAnane dAtA mahArAjAdhirAja zrI harSa che. ahIM enA vaMza ke kulanuM nAma ke nirUpaNuM AvatuM nathI, paNa dAtAnA pUrvajonI vaMzAvaLI ApI che. vaMzAvaLIno AraMbha harSanA pitAmahanA pitAmaha naravanathI thAya che. pahelA traNa rAjA "mahArAja' biruda dharAvatA, jyAre pachInA traNa rAjA mahArAjAdhirAja biruda dharAve che. e parathI A rAjyanA abhyadaya harSanA pitA prabhAkaravardhananA samayathI thaya lAge che. harSanA pitAmaha ane prapitAmaha parama Adityabhakata hatA. harSanA moTA bhAI rAjyavardhana parama saugata (bauddha) hatA ne haSa parama mAhezvara hato. dareka rAjAnA pitAnA nAma uparAMta tenI mAtAnuM nAma paNa vaMzAvaLImAM jaNAvyuM che. tethI naravardhanathI mAMDIne prabhAkaravardhana sudhInA rAjAonI mahArANuonAM nAma jANavA maLe che. paraMtu rAjyavardhana 2 jAnI tathA harSanI rANInuM nAma jANavA maLatuM nathI. harSanA pitA prabhAkaravardhana ghaNA pratApI hatA. harSacarita'mAM bANabhaTTa paNa emanI suMdara prazasti karI che. emAM emaNe dUNa, siMdhu, gurjara, lATa ane mAlavane vaza karyAnuM ane pratApazIla" evuM aparanAma dhAraNa karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. prabhAkaravardhanane traNa saMtAna hatAM-rAjyavardhana, harSavardhana ane rAjyazrI. prabhAkaravardhananuM mRtyu thatAM rAjyanAM sUtra rAjyavadhane saMbhALyAM, paraMtu ene For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #330
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana ra99 tarata ja kanoja javuM paDyuM, kema ke mAlavarAje tyAMne rAjA grahavamAM je rAjyazrIne pati hato tene mArI rAjyazrIne keda karI hatI. rAjyavardhane mAlavarAjanI senAne to jaladI vaza karI dIdhI, paraMtu e gauDarAjanA chaLakapaTane bhoga banyA. e enI chAvaNImAM ekalo nizastra game tyAre enI hatyA karavAmAM AvI. mALavAmAM pahelAM uttarakAlIna guptavaMzane mahAsenagupta nAme rAja rAjya karato hato. prabhAkaravardhananI mAtA mahAsenaguptA enI bahena lAge che. mahAsenaguptanA putra kumAragupta ane mAdhavagupta rAjyavardhana ane harSavardhananA sAthI tarIke thANezvara rahetA. prabhAkaravardhananuM pATanagara thANezvara hatuM. grahavane mAranAra mAlavarAja e harSanAM dAnazAsanamAM rAjayavardhananA saMdarbhamAM jaNAvela devagupta lAge che. rAjyavardhane ene harAvI keda karyo jaNAya che. gauDarAja e gauDadeza(pazcima baMgALA)ne rAjA zazAMka che. rAjyavardhananI hatyA thatAM thANezvaranA rAjyanAM sUtra haze hAthamAM lIdhAM (I. sa. 606). eNe pahelAM cha varSamAM uttara bhArata tathA pUrva bhAratanA rAjAone vaza karyA. hape bhUmidAnamAM eka gAmanuM dAna dIdhuM che. e gAma ahicchatrA bhutinA aMgadIya viSayamAM AveluM hatuM. ahicchatrA e uttara paMcAla dezanuM pATanagara hatuM. e u. pra. nA barelI jillAnuM rAmanagara che. viSaya e jillA jevo vahIvaTI vibhAga che. bhakti enAthI moTe vahIvaTI vibhAga hato. aMgadIya viSayanA vaDA mathakanuM sthAna oLakhAyuM nathI. pathaka e tAlukA jevo nAno vahIvaTI vibhAga hato. dAnamAM dIdhelA markaTasAgara gAmanuM sthAna oLakhAyuM nathI. dAnane lagatuM A rAjazAsana lAgatA-vaLagatA adhikArIone tathA e gAmanA nivAsIone uddezIne lakhAyuM che. mahAsAmata ane mahArAja e khaMDiyA rAjAonAM biruda che. dasAdhasAdhanika eTale kaTokaTIne lagatA adhikArI. 1 pramAtAra e rAjAne nyAyane lagatI bAbatomAM salAha ApanAra amAtya hato, arthAta e nyAya khAtAne mukhya adhikArI hatA. rAjasthAnIya e rAjyapAla ke videzamaMtrI jevo ucca adhikArI hatA.3 kumArAmAtya eTale kumArane maMtrI athavA kumAra kakSAne amAtya.4 uparika e adAlatI tema ja vahIvaTI sattA dharAvatA ucca adhikArI hato.5 viSayapati eTale viSaya(jillA)ne vaDe. cATa ane bhaTa e sainika ke polIsanA prakAra lAge che? bhUmidAnanI sAthe amuka muktio ane adhikAra apAtA. udvega eTale jamInadAra pAsethI vasUla karavAmAM AvatuM UdhaDuM athavA ucaka mahesUla.7 amuka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #331
300 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA karaverA have rAjAne badale bhUmidAnanA pratigrahItAne prApta thatA. mahesUla bharavA vageremAMthI mukti apAtI. devabhUmi para putrapautrAdi vaMzajone paNa adhikAra raheto. bhUmidAna zAzvata prakAranuM dAna hatuM. bhUmiti eTale paDatara jamIna. jema paDatara jamIna khetIne lAyaka banAvavA mATe ApavAmAM Ave to kara-mukata rahetI, tema dAnamAM apAtI bhUmi paNa karamukta rahetI. "bhUmichidranA nyAye - mAM e artha uddiSTa che.' dAnano hetu pitAnA pUrvanAM puNya tathA yazanI abhivRddhino hato. dAnanA pratigrahItA (svIkAranAra) be brAhmaNa hatA. baMne bharAja gotranA hatA. emane eka vedanI ba9ca zAkhAne svAdhyAya karato ne bIjo sAmavedanI chaMdoga zAkhAne. dIdhelA bhUmidAnane dAna denAra rAjA te pALe, paNa pitAnA vaMzanA tathA anya vaMzanA bhAvI rAjAone to enA anumodana tathA paripAlana mATe naitika anurodha ja karavAno raheto. A aMge lakSmInI caMcaLatA ane dAnanA paripAlanane mahimA darzAvatA. manathI, vANIthI ne karmathI sarvanuM hita karavuM - harSe keTalo uttama dharma upade che ! A rAjazAsanano dUta mahAsAmaMta mahApramAtAra skaMdagupta hato. harSa caritaMmAM gajasenAdhipati skaMdaguptano ullekha Ave che. dAnazAsana ghaDanAra mahAkSapaTalAdhikArI bhAnu hato. dAnanI miti harSanA rAjyakAlanA varSa 22(arthAta I. sa. 628-29)nA kArtika vadi 1 nI hatI dAnazAsananA aMte mahArAjAdhirAja zrI harSanA svahasta ApavAmAM AvyA che, te e viThAna rAjAnI sulekhanakalAne uttama namUno pUre pADe che. Ama A dAnazAsana parathI dAnanA dAtA, devabhUmi, dAnanA pratigrahItA, dAnano hetu, vahIvaTI vibhAga, adhikArIo, kAlagaNanAnI paddhati vagere vividha bAbato vize upayogI mAhitI prApta thAya che. 2. dharasena 2 jAnuM vaLA tAmrapatra, (valabhI) saMvata 269 1. varita vinara dvaSAvArA[] madharanavAra[mAta] kamaLarAtriALa maitrALaT]matu rasapatnaR[]mosaNA saMpradArazarAkhyapratApaztA] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #332
keTalAMka mahatvanA dAnazAsana 301 2. [popanata ]dAnamAnArjavopAjitAnurAgAnu[raktamaula]bhRta[mitra] zroNIbalAvApta [rAjyazrIH] paramamAhezvaraH zrIsenApatibhaTArkastasya suta[statpA]darajo[ru]Na3. natapavitrIkRtazirAH zirovanatazatrucUDAmaNiprabhAvicchuritapAdanakhapatidIdhitiH dInAnAthakRpaNajanopajIvyamAnavibhavaH paramamA4. hezvaraH zrIsenApatidharasenaH tasyAnuja[statpAda]praNAmaprazastataravimalamaNimanvA dipraNItavidhividhAnadharmA dharmarAja iva vinayavihita5. vyavasthApaddhatirakhilabhuvanamaNDalAbhogekasvAminA paramasvAminA svayamupahita. rAjyAbhiSekamahAvizrANanAvapUtarAjyazrIH paramamAhe6. zvaraH mahArAjazrIdroNasihaH siha iva tasyAnujassvabhujabalaparAkrameNa paragaja ghaTAnIkAmekavijayI zaraNaiSiNAM zaraNamavaboddhA 7. zAstrArthatattvAnAM kalpataruriva suhRtpraNayinAM yathAbhilaSitakAmaphalabhogadaH parama. bhAgavataH mahArAjazrIdhruvasenastasyAnujaH 8. [taccAraNAravindapraNatipravidhautAzeSakalmaSaH suvizuddhasvacaritodakaprakSAlitAze SakalikalaGkaprasabhanijitArAti9. [pakSaprathitamahimA] paramAdityabhaktaH zrImahArAjadharapaTTaH tasya sutaratatpAdasapa ryAvAptapuNyodayazaizavAtprabhRtikhaGgadvitIyabAhureva sama10. [dapara]gajaghaTAsphoTanaprakAzitasattvanikaSastatpratApapraNatArAticUDAratnaprabhAsaMsakta savyapAdanakhapaGktidIdhitiH sakalasmRti11. praNItamArgasamyakparipAlanaprajAhRdayaraMjanAnvartharAja.zabda: rUpakAntisthairyadhairya buddhisaMpadbhiH smarazazAGkAdirAjodadhitridazaguru12. dhanezAnatizayAnaH zaraNAgatAbhaya[pradAna]paratayA tRNavadapAstAzeSasvakAryyaphala: prArthanAdhikArthapradAnA naMditavidvatsuha[tpraNa]13. yihadayaH pAdacArIva [sakalabhuvanamaNDalAbhogapramoda:] parabhamAhezvarI mahArAja zrIguhasenastasya sutastatpAdanakha[mayUkhasaMtAna]14. [visRta]jAhnavIjalaughaprakSAlitAzeSakalmaSaH praNa] yizatasahasropajIvyamAnabhoga saMpadrUpalo[bhA] divAzritassarasamAbhigAmikaiguNaiH 15. sahajazaktizikSAvizeSavismApitAkhiladhanurddharaH prathamanarapatisamatisRSTAnAmanu yipaalthit| [dharmadAyAnAmapAkartA prajo For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #333
302 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 16. paghAtakAriNAmupa [plavA]nAM darzayitA zrIsarasvatyorekAdhivAsasya saMhatArAtipakSalakSmIparibhogadakSa vikramaH vikramopasaMprA pataruM bIjuM 1. ptavimalapAtthiivazrIH paramamA [ddezvaro ] mahAsAmantamahArAjazrIdhara sena X kuzalI sarvAneva svAnAyuktakadrAGgikamahattaracATa[bhaTa].... 2. dhruvAdhikaraNikaviSayapatirA [ja] sthAnIyoparikakumArAmAtya hastyazvArohAdInanyAMzca yathAsaMbadhyamAnakAnsamAjJApayatyastu vassaMvi 3. ditaM yathA mayA mAtApitroH puNyANyAyanAyAtmanazcaihikAmuSmikayathAbhilaSitaphalAvAptaye valabhyAM AcAryyabhadantasthiramatikAritazrI bappapAdIya 4. vihAre bhagavatAM buddhAnAM puSpadhUpagandhadIpatailAdikriyotsarjaNArthaM nAnAdigabhyAgatAryyabhikSusaGghasya ca cIvarapiNDapAtaglAnabhaiSajAdyarthaM vihArasya ca kha NDasphuTitavizIrNapratisaMskAraNArthaM hastavaprAharaNyAM mahezvaradAsenakagrAsadhArAkherasthalyAM ca devabhadvipatrikAgrAmau sodraGgau sauparikarau savA 6. tabhUtapratyAyasadhAnyabhAgamogahiraNyAdeyau sotpadyamAnaviSTikarau sadazAparAdhau samastarAjakIyAnAmahastaprakSepaNIyau bhUmicchidranyA [yena] 5. 7. AcandrAkarNavasaritkSitisthitiparvatasamakAlInau udakAtisargeNa devadAya nisRSTau yata ucitayA devavihArasthityA bhuMjataH kRSa [ta : ] 8. karSayataH pratidizato vA na kaicivyAghAte vartitavyo ( vyaM) AgAmibhadranRpatibhirasmadvaMzajeranyaivrvAnityAnyaizvayryANyasthirAM (raM) mAnuSyaM sAmAnyaM ca [ bhUmi- ] 9. [dAnaphala] mavagacchadbhizyamasmaddAyo[s] numaMtavyaH paripAlayitavyazca yazcainamAcchinyAdAcchidyamAnaM vAnumodeta sa paJcabhirmahApA[takai ] 10. [ssopa]pAtakaissaMyuktaH syAt ityuktaM ca bhagavatA vedavyAsena vyAsena // SaSTiM varSasahasrANi svarge sodati bhUmidaH / AcchettA cAnumantA ca . [ tAnyeva nara] ke 11. vaset // [1] bahubhirvvasudhA muktA rAjabhissagarAdibhiH [1] yasya yasya yA bhUbhiH tasya tasya tadA phalam // [2] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #334
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana 303 che . 3no() garageDu [ 2] vAsanaH [1]. kRSNasarpA hi jAyante dharmadAyApahArakAH // [3] svadattAM paradattAM vA yo hareta vasundharAM / gavAM zatasa[hasnasya hantuH prApnoti / vitvipad [4] yAnIha dAridrabhayAnarendrarddhanAni dhayitanIkRtAni / nirmAlyavAntapratimAni tAni ko nAma [sAdhuH punarAdadIta // ][5] 14. lakSmIniketaM yadapAzrayeNa prApto...ko[s]bhimataM nRpArtha / tAnyeva puNyAni vivarddhayethA na hApanIyo hyupakAripakSaH // [6] 1. svasta mane mArAthIdharanaca [1] DUta: sAmatIvicaH | 16. likhitaM sndhivigrhaadhikrnnaadhikRtdivirptiskndbhtten| saM 269 caitra va 2 | "svasti. bhadrapattanamAM rahelI vijaya chAvaNImAMthI jeNe jabarajasta rIte amitro(zatruo)ne namAvyA che tevA maitrake nA (vaMzamAM) "anupama sapatno(zatruo)nA maMDalanA vistAramAM seMkaDo prahAra jhIlIne jeNe pratApa (yaza) meLavyA che tevo ane pratApane laIne AvelA, dAna mAna ane Arjava (Rju vyavahAra) vaDe anurAga pAmelA anurakta mola, bhUta, mitra ane zreNInAM sainya dvArA jeNe rAjyazrI prApta karI che tevo parama mAhezvara zrI senApati bhaTArka; "teno putra jenuM zira tenA pAdanI rajathI aruNa (rakata) baneluM nata ane pavitra kareluM che tevo, zira namAvelA zatruonA cUDAmaNinI prabhAthI jenAM caraNanA nakhanI paMkitanAM kiraNa DhaMkAI jatAM hatAM tevo ane jenI saMpatti vaDe dIna anAtha ane kRpaNa (dayApAtra) jananI upajIvikA thatI hatI, tevo parama mAhezvara zrI senApati dharasena (1 ); teno anuja (nAno bhAI), tenAM caraNane praNAma karavAthI jenA mastaka) ne vimalamaNi vadhu prazasta thayo hato, jene manu Adie racelAM vidhi-vidhAnano For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #335
304 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA dhama hatA, dhamarAja(yudhiSThira)nI jema jene vinaya ane vyavasthA paddhati hatI, akhila bhuvanamaMDala vistAranA ananya svAmI evA paramasvAmIe jAte jenA rAjyAbhiSeka karyAM hatA, te jenI rAjazrI mahAdAnathI punita thaI hatI tevA parama mAhezvara mahArAja zrI droNasiMha ; "tenA anuja, siMhanI jema potAnA bAhubaLanA parAkrama vaDe zatrue rUpI gajonA samUha para ananya vijaya karanAra, zaraNe icchanArAonu zaraNa, zAstrAthatavAnA jANakAra, kalpatarunI jema suhRda tathA yAcakone abhilASA pramANe icchAla bhAga denAra, parama bhAgavata mahArAja zrI dhruvasena (1 leA) ; "tene anuja tenA caraNakamaLane karelA praNAmathI jenAM azeSa pApa dhAvAI gayAM che tevA, jeNe peAtAnA vizuddha carita rUpI jaLa vaDe kali(yuga)nAM azeSa kalaMka dhAyAM che tevA, zatrupakSane jabarajasta rIte harAvIne jene mahimA prasaryAM che tevA, parama Atmibhakata zrI mahArAja dharapaTTa; "teneA suta (putra), jeNe tenA caraNanI pUjAthI puNyAya prApta karyAM che tevA, nAnapaNathI khaDUgarUpI khIjA bAhuvALA, zatruonA mALA gajonI ghaTAnA sphATana vaDe jeNe sattva(baLa)nA nikaSa prakAzita karyAM che teve, tenA prabhAvathI namelA zatrunA cUDAratnanI prabhA sAthe jenA DAbA paganA nakhanI paMkitanAM kiraNa bhaLyAM che tevA, sakala smRtie racelA mArganA sArA paripAlana vaDe prajAnA hRdayanuM raMjana karI jeNe 'rAjana'zabdane sAka karyAM che tevA,rUpa kAMti sthiratA kauya buddhi ane sa MpattimAM (anukrame) smara (kAmadeva), zazAMka (caMdra), girirAja (himAlaya), udhi (sAgara), devAnA guru (bRhaspati) ane dhaneza(kuznera)thI caDhiyAtA, zaraNe AvelAne abhaya devAmAM parAyaNa rahI peAtAnAM tamAma kAryone je tRNavat dUra karatA, mAgyA karatAM adhika dravya ApIne jeNe vidvAna suhRda ane yAcakanAM hRdayAne anaMdita karyAM che, je jANe page cAlatA sakala jIvanamAMDalanA vistArane AnaMda che, tevA parama mAhezvara mahArAja zrI gusena ; "tenA putra, tenA caraNanA nakhanA mayUkha(kiraNa)nI zreNImAMthI nIkaLelI gagAnA jalasamUha vaDe azeSa pApa dhoI nAMkhyA che tevA, lAkhA yAcakAne jenI bhAgasa patti upajIvikA Ape che tevA, jANe ke enA rUpanA lAbhathI zIghra AvI paheAMcelA guNA vaDe Azrita thayA che tevA, sahaja (svAbhAvika) zakti ane zikSA--vizeSa vaDe jeNe sava dhanu rezane vismita karI dIdhA tevA, pahelAMnA rAjAoe ApelAM dharmAMdAneAnu anupAlana karanAra, prajAne hAni karanAra upadravezane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #336
keTalAMka mahatvanAM dAnazAsana 305 dUra karanAra, zrI (lakSmI) ane sarasvatIne ekatra vAsa darzAvanAra, saMhata zatrupakSanI lakSmInA paribhegamAM dakSa vikrama(parAkrama) vALo, vikrama(paraMparA) thI prApta thayelI vimaLa rAjazrI dharAvanAra, parama mAhezvara mahAsAmaMta mahArAja zrI dharasena kuzaLa (hoI), pitAnA Ayuktaka, drAMgika, mahattara, cATa, bhaTa, zaukika), dhuvAdhikaraNika, viSayapati, rAjasthAnIya, uparika, kumArAmAtya, hatyAreha, azvAroha Adine ane lAgatA-vaLagatA anya sarvane AjJA kare che ? - "tamane vidita thAva ke meM mAtApitAnA puNyanI vRddhi arthe ane pitAnA aihika (aihalaukika) tathA Amugmika (pAralaukika) yatheSTa phaLanI prApti mATe "valabhImAM AcArya bhadaMta sthiramatie karAvelA zrI bampapAdIya vihAramAM bhagavAna (pUjya) buddhonA puSpa dhUpa gaMdha dIpa taila Adi kriyAonA anuSThAna arthe, vividha dizAomAMthI AvelA Arya bhikSuonA saMghanAM cIvara (vastra) piMDapAta (bhikSA) tathA glAnabhaiSaja (ga-auSadha-upacAra) vagere arthe ane vihArane koI bhAga tUTe phUTe to tenA samArakAma arthe "hastavapra AharaNImAM mahezvaradAsenaka grAma ane dhArAkheTa sthalImAM devabhadripalikA e be grAma udvega sAthe, uparikara sAthe, vAta-bhUta-pratyAya sAthe, dhAnya-bhAga-bhoga-hiraNyanA Adeya sAthe, utpaghamAna viSTi ane kara sAthe, dazAparAdha sAthe, sarva rAjakIye jemAM Dakhala na kare te rIte, bhUmichidranA nyAye (daSTAMta), caMdra sUrya samudra nadI bhUmi ane parvata Take tyAM sudhInA kAla mATe, jala mUkIne, devadAyarUpe ApyAM che. ' jethI ucita devavihAranI sthitie (rUe) bhagavatAM, kheDatAM, kheDAvatAM ke (anyane suparata karatAM koIe emAM aMtarAya karavo nahi. "amArA vaMzamAM janmelA ke bIjA AgAmI bhadra rAjAoe azva anitya che, manuSya asthira che, ne bhUmidAnanuM phaLa sAmAnya (majiyA) che ema jANIne amArA A dAnane anumodana (maMjUrI ApavuM ane enuM paripAlana karavuM. ne je ene Accheda kare ke karavA de, te upapAtako sahita pAMca mahApAtakothI saMyukata thAya. bhagavAna (pUjya) vedavyAsa (vedasaMgrAhaka) vyAse kahyuM cheH 20 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #337
306 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA bhUmidAtA vase svarge varSo sATha hajAra, ne chede ke davA de te eTalAM narake vase. (1) sagarAdi ghaNA rAjA bhUmine bhogavI gayA; jenI jenI yadA bhUmi tenuM tenuM tadA phala. (2) bhUmidAya hare che je janme che kRSNa sarpa te, vase zuSka bakholamAM jaLahIna vana mahIM. (3) pote ke pArake dIdhI bhUmine je hare nara, lAkha gAya haNyA keruM lAge pAtaka tehane. (4) dAridraya kerA bhayathI dhana je dharmAzrayI bhUpa ahIM hare che, nirbhakata nirmAlya samAna tene pAchAM laI sajana koNa le re ! (5) jenA thakI Isita artha pAmyA, lakSmItaNuM Azraya eka bhUpa ! puNya rahyAM te ja vadhAravAnAM, gumAvavo ne upakAripakSa. (6) mArA, mahArAja zrI dharasenanA svahasta (dastaka). "dUtaka sAmaMta zIlAditya. saMdhivigraha adhikaraNanA adhikArI divirapati skaMdabhaTe lakhyuM. "saM. 269 catra ba. 2." A tAmrapatra vaLA(valabhIpura, ji. bhAvanagara)nAM khaMDeremAMthI jUnI I Te khodatAM keLIone maLyuM hatuM. patarAM be che, lagabhaga 244 42 se. mI. (93 4 163 IMca) nA kadanAM. baMne patarAMnI bAju para lakhANa 16-16 paMktinuM che. bhASA saMskRta che. vyAsakta loke sivAyane badho bhAga gadyamAM che. .. 241 614211210 Indian Antiquary 4 Vol. VI Hi uleid thayeluM. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhAga 1 mAM paNa prasiddha thayuM che. ' lakhANane AraMbha maMgalavAcaka "svasti" zabdathI karyo che. dAnazAsana bhadvapattanamAM rahelI vijayachAvaNImAMthI pharamAvyuM che. bhadrapattana e bhAvanagara jillAmAM mahuvA pAse AveluM bhAdareDa lAge che. bhAdareDa purAtana gAma che. A nagara AgaLa jatAM "pattanamAMthI "paddha thayuM lAge che, kema ke hAlanuM nAma "bhadrapadramAMthI vyutpanna thayuM gaNAya. 10 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #338
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana 307 A rAjavaMza mitraka nAme kulane hato. maitrake laDAyaka ane zUravIra hatA. teonI utpatti pAzupata saMpradAyanA pravartaka bhagavAna lakulIzanA eka paTTaziSya mitramAMthI thaI lAge che11 A vaMzanAM dAnazAsane-khAsa karIne emAMnI prazastione bhAga, ucca gadya zailImAM racAya che, jemAM lAMbA samAsa, yamaka ane anuprAsa jevA zabdAlaMkAra ane visargasaMdhimAM vyaMjananA vikalpanI pasaMdagI nedhapAtra che, mitravaMzano sthApaka bhaTArka hato. e mULamAM prAyaH gupta samrATa (kaMdagupta)ne senApati hato. kaMdaguptanuM mRtyu thatAM (I. sa. 468nA arasAmAM) gupta sAmrAjyanuM zAsana zithila thayuM ne dUranA prAMta svataMtra thavA lAgyA, tyAre maitrakakulanA senApati bhaTAke zatruo sAme parAkrama karIne, maula bhata mitra ane zreNI e cAra prakAranI senAnI madadathI rAjasattA hastagata karI. maula eTale kAyamI sainikonI senA. mRta eTale bhADUtI arthAt kAmacalAu dhoraNe bharatI karelA. A baMne prakAranI senAo to e senApatinA sIdhA zAsana nIce haze. vaLI mitra-rAjya ke mitrasAmaMtonI senAnI madada maLI, ne evI rIte amuka zreNIonI senAnI paNa. A senAo enA pratApathI AkarSAI enI pAse AvI hatI. vaLI e dAna mAna ane sadvartAva dvArA paNa emane anurAga prApta karato. zrI bhaTAke game te kAraNe valabhImAM potAnI rAjasattA sthApI. nahi to saurASTanI rAjadhAnI e pahelAM zatakothI girinagara(jUnAgaDha)mAM hatI. "bhaTArka eTale bhaTo(sainika)mAM arka (sUrya). e parama mAhezvara arthAt mahezvara(mahAdeva)no parama upAsaka hato. eNe pitAnI rAjamudrAmAM zivanA vAhana naMdi vRSabhanuM cihana rAkhyuM. bhaTArka valabhImAM pitAnI rAjasattA sthApI, chatAM magadhanA gupta samrATa sAme khulle baLavo na karatAM aupacArika rIte sAre saMbaMdha jALavI rAkhe. AthI eNe "mahArAja' jevuM koI rAjabiruda dhAraNa na karatAM 'senApatinuM jUnuM upanAma cAlu rAkhyuM. bhaTArka pachI ene jayeSTha putra dharasena 1 lo rAjA thayo. eNe paNa paraMparAgata senApati padathI saMtoSa mAne. e paropakArI ane udAra hato. e aputra haze tethI ke bIjA game te kAraNe enA pachI ene anuja droNasiMha gAdIe AvyuM. bhaTArkane uttarAdhikAra vArApharatI enA cAreya putrone so che. e parathI A vaMzamAM rAjavArasA mATe evo rivAja rahelo hovAnuM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #339
308 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sUcita thAya che. droNasiMhanuM rAjyArohaNa thatAM paramasvAmIe arthAta te samayanA gupta samrATe (prAyaH budhagupta ke vainyagupta) 2 pite ene rAjyAbhiSeka karAvya ne have droNasiMhe "mahArAja" evI padavI dhAraNa karI. vaLI eNe bhUmidAnanuM rAjazAsana paNa pharamAvavA mAMDayuM. manusmRti vagere smRtiomAM jaNAvyA mujaba eNe rAjyamAM vyavasthA sthApI. dharasena tathA koNasiMha paNa parama mAhezvara hatA. A vaMzanA ghaNAkharA anya rAjAo paNa e ja saMpradAthanA hatA. paraMtu emAM betraNa apavAda che. droNasiMhano anuja dhruvasena 1 lo parama bhAgavata arthAt bhAgavata (vaiSNava) saMpradAyane parama anuyAyI hato ne eno anuja dharapaTa parama Adityabhakata (sUrya-upAsaka) hato. dharapaTTano putra guhasena parama mAhezvara hato, paraMtu chevaTamAM e pitAne parama saugata (bauddha) paNa kahevarAvato. bAkI sAmAnya rIte mitraka rAjAo mAhezvara hatA. mahArAja droNasiMhanuM valabhI saMvata 183(I. sa. 502)nuM dAnazAsana maLyuM che. 13 mahArAja dhruvasena 1lAe aneka bhUmidAna dIdhelAM, jene lagatAM tAmrapatra va. sa. 206(I. sa. para5)thI va. saM. 226(I. sa. 544)nAM maLyAM che. 14 ene zAstranA adhyayanano zokha hato. AnaMdapura(vaDanagara)mAM dhruvasena rAjAne putramaNathI thayele saMtApa dUra karavA mATe kalpasUtranuM jAhera vAcana karavAnuM zarU thayuM e jana anuzrutimAM jaNAvele rAjA dhruvasena A lAge che. dharapaTTa e bhaTArkane cothe putra hato. enuM kaI dAnapatra maLyuM nathI. eNe ghaNAM thoDAM varSa rAjya karyuM lAge che. gahasena e maitraka vaMzane bhaTArka jevo pratApI rAjavI hato. enAM dAnazAsana vi. sa. 24 (I. sa. 550)thI va. saM. 248 (I. sa. 567)nAM 15 che. A rAjAnI prazastimAM paNa enI apAra prazaMsA karelI che. ene putra dharasena 2 jo A dAnane dAtA che. enAM aneka dAnazAsana maLyAM che, je va. sa. 2para(I. sa. 571)thI va. saM. 270(I. sa. 589)nAM che. dharasenanA samaya sudhI maitraka rAjAo hajI pUrA svataMtra thayA nahotA. AthI dharasena "mahAsAmaMta" ane "mahArAja' kahevAto. dAnazAsana lAgatAvaLagatA adhikArIone pharamAvAyuM che. emAM Ayuktaka e mahesUlI khAtAno mukhya hisAbanIza hato. prAMgika e kaMga(nagara)ne For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #340
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana 309 vahIvaTa karanAra adhikArI hateA te mahattara e grAma(gAma)ne meTereA hateA. dhruvAdhikaraNika e rAjye dhruva (mukarara) kareleA rAjabhAga udharAvanAra mahesUlI amaladAra hatA. 'dhruva' athavA dhU' nA hoddo kacchamAM pracalita hatA te amuka kuTu enI aTakAmAM jaLavAI rahyo che. viSayapati e viSaya(jillA)nA vaDA hatA. hastyAreAha eTale hAthIsavAra ane azvAreAha eTale gheADesavAra.16 dAnanA hetumAM mAtApitAnA tema ja pAtAnA puNyanI vRddhi abhipreta che. dAna valabhImAM AvelA bappapAdIya vihArane Apelu che. e vihAra AcAya sthiramatie karAvyA hatA. sthiramati vasubaMdhunA bhAI asaMganA ziSya hatA. emaNe valabhI najIkanA vihAramAM rahI potAnI kRtio racI hatI evuM yuAna svAMge noMdhyu che. sthiramatie A vihArane peAtAnA gurunI smRtimAM pappAdIya' (pUjya apaneA-bApane) nAma Apyu lAge che. A vihAra AgaLa jatAM dudAvihAramaMDalanI atagata gaNAyA.17 bhUmidAnathI e dAna lenAra vihAranAM traNa prayeAjana sadhAya evA uddeza hatA H (1) vihAramAM bhagavAna buddhonI18 mUrti enI nitya pUjA mATe jarUrI sAmagrInI jogavAI, (2) bahArathI AvatA bhikSuonAM vastra, bhAjana ane auSadhanI jogavAI, ane (3) vihAranuM samArakAma. bhUmidAnamAM e gAma ApelAM che : (1) hastavapra AharaNImAM AveluM mahezvaradAsenaka gAma ane (2) dhArAkheTaka sthalImAM Avelu devadripallikA gAma. AharaNI eTale nAnA AhAra ne AhAra eTale viSaya(jillA)thI nAnA vahIvaTI vibhAga. hastavapra AharaNI saurASTranA pUrva bhAgamAM hatI. enuM vaDuM mathaka hastavapra e hAlanu hAthA che, je bhAvanagara jillAnA kALiyAka tAlukAmAM dheAdhAnI uttare Avelu che. mahezvaradAsenaka taLAjA pAsenu mahAdevapura hoI zake. sthalI e kasabA jevA nAnA vahIvaTI vibhAga hatA. e vibhAga saurASTramAM dhaNeA pracalita hatA. dhArAkheTa e dheALA (ji. bhAvanagara) pAsenuM dhArukA hoI zake. teA devabhudripalikA e dhArukA pAsenuM devaLiyA helu sabhave. 19 udraMga eTale jamInadAra pAsethI vasUla karAtuM UdhaDa mahela. uparrikara eTale jamIna para mAlikI haka na dharAvatA kheDUtA upara nAkheleAkara. vAtapratyAya eTale bahArathI AyAta karelI cIjo para levAtI jakAta ane bhUtapratyAya eTale gAmamAM UpajelI cIjo para levAtI jakAta, dhAnyanA rUpe levAtu mahesUla te For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #341
310 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA dhAnyAdeya' ane suvarNanAM rUpamAM levAtu mahesUla te "hiraNyAya'. dhAnyAdi UpajanA mukarara bhAgarUpe levAto kara te "bhAga" ane phaLaphUla zAka vagere cIjonA rUpamAM apAtI dainika vaparAzanI bheTonI Avaka te "bhoga". jarUra paDe veTha karAvavAne paNa haka raheta. 20 dazAparAdha eTale dasa prakAranA aparAdha mATe levA daMDa.2 1 paDatara jamIna kheDavA mATe karamukta rIte apAtI tema dhama-dAya tarIke apAtI jamIna paNa karamukata rahetI. dAnanI kriyA hAthamAM jaLa mUkIne thatA saMkalpa dvArA thatI. bhUmidAnane mahimA, bhUmidAnanA paripAlanathI malatuM puNya ane bhUmidAnanA AcchedathI lAgatuM pApa-ene lagatA purANakI leka dAnazAsanamAM vadhatI jagyA pramANe ochAvattA TAMkavAmAM AvatA. A ke vedasaMhitA karanAra kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAse racelA manAtA. vyAsa mahAbhAratanA tathA purANonA kartA manAya che. AmAnAM keTalAka loka kaMdapurANa, padmapurANa ane bhaviSyapurANa jevAM purANomAM ApelA che.22 dAnazAsananA aMte dAna denAra rAjAnA svahasta che. dAnazAsanane saMdeze. divirapatine kahI eno amala karAvanAra adhikArIne 'dUtaka' kahetA. A dAnazAsanano dUtaka sAmaMta zIlAditya te rAjaputra zIlAditya hoI zake, je prAyaH vidhya-sahya pradezanI zAkhAnA sAmaMta tarIke rAjya karato.23 dAnazAsananuM lakhANa taiyAra karanAra skaMdabhaTa divirapati eTale musado ghaDanAra divireno vaDe hato temaja saMdhi-vigraha khAtAnA adhyakSa paNa hato. dAnanuM varSa 269 valabhI saMvatanuM che. citramAM tyAre I. sa. 188 hatuM. "ba" e bahula" (kRSNa)nuM saMkSipta rUpa che. bahula eTale bahulapakSe (kRSNapakSe). Ama A dAnazAsana parathI maitraka vaMza, dharasena 2 jAnA pUrvajo, dharasena 2 je, bhadrapattana, valabhI, hastavapra AharaNI, valabhIno ba5pAdIya vihAra, bhUmidAnane lagatA adhikAra, dUtaka, lekhaka, dAnane samayanideza, rAjAnA svahasta, dAnazAsananuM dastAvejI svarUpa, rAjAonI prazastionI racanAzailI ityAdi aneka bAbato vize jANavA maLe che. 3. jayabhaTa 4thAnuM kAvI tAmrapatra, (kalara) savaMta 486 1. [turaGgamanikarabhagabhAsuro] [dru]tdlitdvirdkumbhsthlsh(golittmuktaaphlnikrituerf] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #342
keTalAka mahatvanAM dAnazAsana 311 - 2. [latAmarIcinicaya] mecakitadakSiNabAhuzikhara: padmAkara iva prakaTAnekalakSaNo na punarja]3. [lAzayaH kSapA]kara iva sakala[kalA]kalApAnvito na punardoSa(SA)kara[:] sAgara ivAntaHpravezitavipakSabhUbhRmaNDa[lo] [na] 4. [punargrAhAkulaH nArA]yaNa iva sudarzanacakrakSapitavipakSo na punaH kRSNasvabhAvaH hara ivAGgIkRtabhRtinicayo [na] [punarbhujaGgaparivRtaH / ] bAlendubimbapratimena yena pravarddhamAnasvatanUdayena [1] praNAmakAmolpakareNa lokaH] 6. kRtAMjali: kAntimatA kR][toyaM] [ // 1] asighArAjalena zabhita[:] prA(pra)sabhaM valabhIpateH puri] yo(ye)nAzeSalokasaM[tA]pakalApadastA(ta)jjikAnalo [ja] [yabhaTajala]da eSa [H // 2] sa vi[gI]yati(te) devavadhUkadambakai pazatamakuTaratnakika(ra)NAvaliraMjitta(ta) pAdapaGkajA(jaH) samadhigatapaJcama[hAza].. 8. [bdo mahAsAmantAdhipatizrIjayabhaTaH kuzalI sarvAneva rAjasAmantabhogiku(ka) viSayapatirASTragrAmamahattarAdhikArikAda(dI). 9. [nsama]nudarzayatyastu vassaMviditaM / yathA mayA mAtApitrokA(rA)tmana caihikA muSmikapuNyayazobhivRddhaye kemajju[grAma]10. [ni]viSTAzrAmadevapAdebhyaH gandhadhUpapuSpadIpapradA(bhA)tasaMzI(gI takasatra(tra) pravata(ta)nasatmA(nmA)rjanodayena devakulasya khaNDa[sphuTita] 11. [vizIrNa ?] saMskAranavakAra mo )ktAdyutsarpaNArtha zrIbharukacchaviSayAnta rgatakemajjugrAme grAmasyAparadakSiNasImni paJcAzannivartanapramA]12. NaM(go) bhUkhaNDaH yasyAghATanAni pUrvaTa(taH) chIrakahagrAmagAmipanthA dakSiNataH jambhAgrAmasImAsandhiH aparataH jambhAgrAmA [t goliavali] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #343
312 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 13. grAmagAmI panthA uttarataH kemajjugrAmAsI (tsI) hugrAmaktA (gA ) mI panthA vaTavApI ca [] evaM caturAghATanopalakSitakSetraM soparikadara (raM) 14. sabhUtabhA (vA) pratyAyaM sadhAnyA ( nya) hiraNyAdeyaM sadazAparAdhaM sotpadyamAnaviSTikaM acATabhaTaprAvezyaM sarvvarAjkIyAnAmahastapra 15. kSepaNIyaM pUrvAparadevabrahmadAyarahitaM bhUbhicchidranyAyenAcandrAkarNavakSitisaritparvvatasamakAlInamadyASADhazu[ddha] daza [myAM] 16. karkaTakarAzau saMkrAnte khau puNyatithAvudakAtisargeNa devadAyatvena pratipAditaM [1] yato [s] syAcitayA tapovanAcArasthityA bhuMjataH kR 17. SataH karSayataH pratidizato vA na kaizvidravyASedhe varttA (rtti ) tavyamAgAmibhadragRpatibhiH asmadvaMzyairanyaivrvAyamasmaddAya [s]numantavyaH pA [la] - 18. yitavyazca[] yazcAjJAnatimirapaTalAvRtamatirAcchindyAvAcchidyamA[na] kaM vAnumodeta / sa paJcabhirmahApAtakaissopapAtakaiH 1. vaaNthe| soparikaraM. 19. saMyuti (ktaH ) [syA ]dityuktaM [ca] bhagavatA vedavyAsena vyAsena [1] SaSTI(STiM) varSasahasrANi svarge tiSThati bhUmidaH [1] AcchetA cAnumaM 20. 21. [ tA] ca tAnyeva narake vaset [ 3 ] vindhyAvavatoyAsu zuSka koTaravAsinaH [1] kRSNAhayeo hi jAyante bhUmida (dA) yaM haranti ye [ // 4] bahu [bhirvva] [sudhA ] bhuktA rAjAbhiH sagarAdibhiH [1] yasya yasya yadA bhUmi [sta]sya tasya tadA phalaM [ // 5 ] agnerapatyaM prathamaM suvarNa 22. [bhUvaiSNavI] [sUryasu]tAzca gAvaH [ 1 ] lokatrayaM tena bhaveddhi dattaM kAMcanaM gAM ca mahIM ca dadyAt / [ 6 ] yAnIha [ dattAni ] purA nareM [][rdAnAni dharmArtha] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #344
keTalAMka mahatvanAM dAnazAsana 313 [cAra/][i]. nibhuktamAlyapratimAni tAni nAma sAdhuH punarAvIta [7] svadattAM paradattAM vA yatnA[dakSa yudhiSThira / ] mahIM [mamitAM ]jha hAnAlDro []nuvAdanamati [8] 24. zrIkaNDakaNakadUtakaM // saMvatsarazatacatuSTaye Sa zilyAbe vAgaDhazuddha25. [dvAdazyAM saM] 486 ASADha zu 1[2] AdityavAre [nibaddhaM likhitaM caitanmacA] ...... 26. ...... svarto mama zrIgacamatsya ] . " (je azvonI TukaDIonA nAzathI zobhe che, jhaDapathI) kApelA gajanA kuMbhasthaLamAMthI TapakatAM motIonA (samudAyathI dAMtALI thayelI talavArarUpI latAnAM kiraNonA samUhathI) jenA jamaNuM bahune upale bhAga zyAma thayo che, jemAM padmAkara (padma-jalAzaya)nI jema aneka lakSaNa 24 prakaTa thAya che, (paraMtu je jaDAzraya-jalAzrayapa nathI), je caMdranI jema sakala kalAonA kalApathIraka yukta che, paraMtu doSAkara nathI, sAgaranI jema enI aMdara vipakSa bhabhUtanuM 8 maMDala praveNyuM che, (paraMtu je grAhathI Akula nathI), jeNe nArAyaNanI jema sudarzana cakra vaDe vipakSane nAza karyo che, paraMtu je kRSNa svabhAvane 31 nathI, jeNe hara(ziva)nI jema bhUtino 32 samUha aMgIkRta karyo che, (paraMtu je bhujaMgathI33 parivRta nathI.) je bAlacaMdranA biMbanA jevo che, ne jenA tanuno udaya vadhato jAya jAya che. je alpa karavAno ne kAMtivALo che, teNe lekane praNAma karavAnI IcchAvALA ane aMjali joDelo karyo che (1). jeNe valabhIpatinA nagaramAM, sakala lokane ghaNe saMtApa denAra tajika rUpI agnine asidhArA rUpI jala vaDe ekadama zAMta karyo tevo e jayabhaTarUpI jalada (vAdaLa) che (2). "jenAM caraNakamala seMkaDo nRpanA mukuTa-rananI kiraNuvalIthI raMjita che; tevA tenuM devAMganAonAM chaMda (guNa) gAna kare che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #345
314 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA jeNe paMca mahAzabda prApta karyA che tevo mahAsAmatAdhipati zrI jayabhaTa kuzala (hAI), rAjA, sAmaMta, bhogika viSayapati, rASTramahattara, grAmamahattara, AdhikArika Adi sarvane jaNAve che: "tamane vidita thAya ke meM mAtApitAnA ane pitAnA aihika (A lokanA) tathA Amurmika (paralakanA) puNya ane yazanI abhivRddhi mATe kemajaju grAmamAM sthApelA pUjya Azrama-devane gaMdha, dhUpa, puSpa, dIpa, prabhAtanA saMgIta satranuM pravartana, samAjana, devAlayanA tUTelA bhAgelA ke paDelA bhAganA samArakAma ke navA bAMdhakAma AdinA kAma mATe zrI bharakacacha viSayanI aMdara AvelA kemajaju grAmamAM gAmanI pazcima-dakSiNa sImamAM pacAsa nivartana mApana bhUmi-khaMDa, jenA khUTa pUrve hIraka gAma jato rasta, dakSiNe jambhAgrAmanI sImAnI saMdhi, pazcime jambhAgrAmathI geliavalI grAma jato rasto (ane) uttare kema jaja grAmathI sahugrAma jato rasto ane vaTavApI - e rIte cAra khUMTanI nizAnIvALuM kSetra (khetara) uparikara sAthe, bhUta-pratyAya ane vAta-pratyAya sAthe, dhAnya-Adeya ane hiraNya-Adeya sAthe, dazAparAdha(nA daMDa) sAthe, u5dyamAna viSTinA adhikAra sAthe, cATa ane bhaTane praveza karavAnI manAI sAthe temaja sarva adhikArIone hastakSepa karavAnI manAI sAthe, agAu ApelAM devadAya ane brahmadAya sivAya, bhUmicchidranA nyAye (daSTAMte), caMdra sUrya samudra bhUmi nadI parvata Take tyAM sudhInA kAla payata Aje ASADha suda dazame karkaTaka rAzimAM sUryanI saMkrAMti thatAM pavitra tithie, jala mUkIne, devadAya paNa ApyuM che. "jethI enI ucita pavana-AcAranI rUe bhogavatAM, kheDatAM, kheDAvatAM ke suparata karatAM keIe aMtarAya karavo nahi. amArA vaMzanA ke anya AgAmI bhadra rAjAoe amArA A dAya(dAna)ne anumodana ApavuM ne enuM paripAlana karavuM. ne je ajJAnarUpI timiranA paDaLathI gherAyelI mati vaDe eno Accheda kare ke karavA de te upapAtaka sahita paMca mahApAtakothI yukata thAya. ne bhagavAna vedavyAsa vyAse kahyuM che: bhUmidAtA vase svarga varSo sATha hajAra ne chede ke chedavA de te eTalAM narake vase. (3) bhUmidAya hare che je janme che kRSNa sarpa te vase zuSka balemAM viMdhya-nirjala kAnane. (4) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #346
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana hApA sagarAdi ghaNA rAjA [bhUmine bhogavI gayA. jenI jenI yadA bhUmi tenuM tenuM tadA phala. (5) saMtAna che agnitaNuM suvarNa, bhUi viSNunI, sUryasutAya gAya; dIdhA traNe loka gaNAya teNe, de che mahI dhenuM suvarNane je (6), dIdhAM ahIM dAna] purA nRpAe, dhirmArtha sAthe yaza je karAve, nirbhakata nirmAlya samAna tene pAchAM laI sajajana keNa le re? (7) pote ke pArake dIdhI, yane [pALa, yudhiSThara, bhUmine, zreSTha [bhUpAla], dAnathI zreya pAlana. (8) zrI kaMDakaNaka dUtaka che. saMvatsara (varSa) cArase (chavAsI ASADha sudi bArase saM] 486 ASADha su. 1[2] aditya(ravi)vAre A racyuM ne lakhyuM. mArA zrI jayabhaTanA] svahasta (daskata)." A tAmrapatra (tAMbAnuM pataruM) kAvI (tA. jabusara, ji. bharUca)nA kapilA brAhmaNa pAse che. kahe che ke kAvImAM gaMgezvara mahAdevanA maMdira pAchaLanI pANInI TAMkI pAMcaso so varSa pahelAM sApha karelI tyAre temAM tAMbAnAM sAta patarAM maLelAM, temAMthI be patarAM gaMgAsAgara (baMgALA) cAlyA gayelA brAhmaNa emanI sAthe laI gayelA. bAkInAM pAMca patarAM paikI traNa patarAM rASTrakUTa rAjA goviMdarAja prabhUtavarSanA dAnazAsana(zaka varSa 749)nAM 34 che, eka pataruM caulukya rAjA ajayapAlanuM che.35 ane eka pataruM A che. A pataruM gujaranRpativaMzanA rAjA jayabhaTa 4 thAnA dAnazAsananuM bIjuM pataruM che. paheluM pataruM gaMgAsAgara jatuM rahyuM lAge che. A dAnazAsana be tAmrapatro para karAyuM hatuM. A patarA para ene, uttarAdha karelo che. pahelA patarA para kotarelA pUrvArdhamAM zAsananuM sthaLa ane pUrvajonI prazasti hatI tathA dAna denAra rAjAnI prazastine AraMbhika bhAga hato. A prazastio bIjA dAnazAsanemAM paNa maLe che; A dAnazAsana nI mukhya hakIkata A bIjA patarA para kotarelI che. mULa pataruM 25 433 seM. mI.(10413 iMca)nuM hatuM, paNa enI bAjuonA khUNu tUTI gayA hovAthI e hAla ardhavRttAkAra lAge che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #347
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA A tAmrapatra pahelAM Indian Antiquary | Vol. V mAM lekhanI pratikRti vinA pragaTa thayeluM, te Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum nA Vol. IV mAM pratikRti ane anuvAda sAthe prakAzita thayuM che.36 A rAjavaMzanA rAjAo zarUAtamAM pitAne gurjaranRpativaMzanA gaNAvatA. "gurjarapativaMza" eTale (1) gurjara jAtinA rAjAono vaMza athavA (2) gujaradezanA rAjAono vaMza evo artha thAya. A rAjAo rAjasthAnanI pratIhAravaMzanI zAkhArUpa lAge che; pratIhAre gujara jAtinA hatA ke kema e vivAdAspada che. AgaLa jatAM A vaMzanA rAjAo pitAne pAMDavonA samakAlIna) karNanA vaMzaja gaNAve che. . | sAmAnya rIte A rAjavaMzanI vaMzAvaLI da6 1 lA thI zarU thAya che. ene putra jayabhaTavItarAga (jayabhaTa 1 lo) hato ne eno putra da6 prazAMtarAgada6 2 je hato, je cakravatI harSAne samakAlIna hato ne jeNe valabhIpati dhruvasena bAlAdityanuM paritrANa kareluM. da6 2 jAne putra jayabhaTa 2 je, eno putra da6 3 -daH bAhusahAya, eno putra jayabhaTa 3 je, eno putra ahirala ane ene putra jayabhaTa 4 tho hato, A vaMzanI rAjadhAnI pahelAM nAMdIpurInAMdIpura(nAMdoda)mAM ane pachI bharukaccha(bharUca)mAM hatI. A rAjAnuM eka bIjuM dAnazAsana maLyuM che, e saM. 486 nA Azvina mAsanuM che.37 jayabhaTa 4 the A vaMzano chello rAjA che, enA bIjA dAnazAsananA pahelA patarA parathI e jayabhaTa 3 jAno pautra ane ahiralano putra hovAnuM mAluma paDyuM che. A patarA upara kula 26 paMkita kotarelI che. jayabhaTa potAnA puragAmIonI jema paMca mahAzabda dharAvato ne "mahA sAmatAdhipati' kahevAto. puregAmIonI jema e parama mAhezvara haze. enI prazastimAM enA guNo, yaza, pratApa ityAdinI bhAre prazaMsA karavAmAM AvI che. A tAmrapatramAM zarU thatA prazasti-bhAgamAM e zatruonI azvasenAno nAza karato ane gajasenAne mahAta karatA hovAnuM varNavyuM che. A pachI zleSavALA zabdonA prayoga dvArA ene padmAkara, kSapAkara, sAgara, nArAyaNa ane hara sAthe upamA ApavAmAM AvI che ne evA prayoga dvArA enAmAM e dareka upamAna kaMI bhinna hovAnuM darzAvI vireAdhAbhAsa dvArA enuM caDiyAtApaNuM sUcavavAmAM AvyuM che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #348
keTalAMka mahattvanAM dAnazAsana 317. maitrakavaMzanI jema A vaMzanA rAjAonI prazasti paNa sAmAnyataH ucca zailInA saMskRta gadyamAM ApelI che. A vaMzanI prazastino mukhya bhAga paNa gadyamAM che, paNa e pachI chevaTane theDe bhAga padyamAM ApavAmAM Avyo che. emAMno pahele zloka upajAti chaMdamAM che. emAM rAjAnA pratApanI sAmAnya prazasti karavAmAM AvI che. paraMtu pachIne leka je gIti chaMdamAM che temAM ene eka cokkasa parAkramanuM nirUpaNa karavAmAM AvyuM che. AthI A leka aitihAsika mahatva dharAve che. pahelAM ene pUre zuddha pATha maLe nahoto tyAre ene khare artha samajAyo nahoto.38 paraMtu A rAjAnA bIjA dAnazAsananA AdhAre pachI ene pATha zuddha thatAM ene kharo artha samajAya che.39 A anusAra A rAjA jayabhaTe valabhIpatinA nagaramAM arthAta valabhIpuramAM tajijake(ara)ne parAbhava karyo hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. navasArInA cAlukya rAjA avanijanAzraya pulakezInA dAnazAsana(I. sa. 738)mAM 40 noMdhyuM che tema tajika (tAjika) senAe seMdhava, kaccha, saurASTra, cAvoTaka (cAvaDA), maurya, gujara Adi rAjya chatI dakSiNApatha jItavAnI IcchAthI navasArI tarapha kUca karelI, paNa tyAMnA rAjA pulakezIe ene harAvI tyAMthI pAchI kADhelI. A AkramaNa siMdhanA araba sUbA junaidanI phoje I. sa. 72 6 nA arasAmAM karyuM hatuM.41 navasArI dAnazAsana parathI araba phoje pahelAM valabhI ane bharUcanA rAjAone harAvyA lAge che. to jayabhaTanuM A parAkrama e araba phojanI pIchehaTha daramyAna thavuM hovuM joIe. A parAkrama bharUcamAM nahi paNa valabhImAM thayuM hoI, tyAM e be rAjyone saMyukata moraco racAye haze ne emAM jayabhaTe agrima bhAga bhajavyo haze.42 dAnazAsana je adhikArIone pharamAvavAmAM AvyuM che, temAM rAjA, sAmaMta, bhogika, viSayapati, rASTramahattara, grAmamahattara ane AdhikArikane nirdeza thayo che. bhogika e bhoga" prakAranuM mahesUla ugharAvanAra adhikArI haze. athavA "bhuti' je "viSaya" thI meTe vahIvaTI vibhAga hato tene vaDe haze.43 viSayapati e viSaya(jillA)no vaDe hato. rASTramahattara e rASTrano ane grAmamahattara e grAmane meTere hato. "AdhikArika e pallava rAjyanA niyogika ke naigika ne maLato, nAnA vahIvaTI ekama ke hoddAne adhikAra dharAvatA adhikArI hato.44 dAna levAthI devAlayane mATe be prakAranA kharcane prabaMdha thata-(1) rojanI pUjA vagerenA kharcane ane (2) jarUrI samArakAmanA kharcane. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #349
318 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA dAnamAM ApelI bhUmi bharukaccha viSayanA arthAta bharUca jillAnA kemajaja nAme gAmanI dakSiNa-pazcima sImamAM AvelI hatI. nivartana e jamIna-mApanuM ekama hatuM. e mApa judA judA dezakAlamAM juduM juduM hatuM-kayAMka 300 x 300 hastanuM, kayAMka 210 8210 hastanuM, kayAMka 240 x 240 hastanuM, kayAMka 112 x 112 * hastanuM, kyAMka 140 x 140 hastanuM ne kayAMka 100 x 100 hastanuM.45 kemajaju e jaMbusara tAlukAnuM kImeja gAma che, je mahIsAgaranA mukhanI dakSiNe kAvInI pAse AveluM che. chIkaNa gAma oLakhAyuM lathI, paraMtu e kImejanI dakSiNe AveluM chIdarA hoI zake. jabhA e jhAmaDI che, je kAmojanI dakSiNa-pazcime AveluM che. goliavalI e golela ke gulAla che, je kAmojanI uttare che. sIgrAma e kImojanI pazcime AveluM sIgAma che. vaTavApI e vaDavALI vAva haze. AzramadevanuM devAlaya e kameja pAse AvelA Asamezvara maMdiranA sthAne AvyuM haze. hAlanuM devAlaya uttarakAlIna che, paNa emAMnuM liMga jUnuM che. uparikara, bhUtapratyAya, vAtapratyAya, dhAnyAdeya, hiraNyAdeya, dazAparAdha vagere zabdonI samajUtI agAu ApelI che.46 bhUmichidra eTale paDatara jamIna, je karamukata rahetI. dAna dIdhuM dasame - karkaTaka (ka) rAzimAM thayelI sUryanI saMkrAntinA divase ne dAnazAsana lakhAyuM (kalacuri) saMvata 486nI ASADha sudi 12 ane ravivAre. A vaMzanAM dAnazAsanomAM kalacuri savaMta prajAyo che. ka. saM. 486 nI ASADha sudi dasame 22 mI jUna, I. sa. 736 ane zukravAra hato ne ASADha suda bArase 24 mI jUna ane ravivAra hato. sUrya saMkrAntinI - tithi ane dAnazAsananI tithino vAra upayogI nIvaDela che. dAna devAne mahimA, dAnanA anupAlananuM puNya ane dAnanA AcchedanA pApane lagatA ahIM cha zloka udAhata karavAmAM AvyA che. ne e leka vedavyAsa (vedanAM sUktone saMgraha karanAra) bhagavAna vyAse racyA hovAnuM jaNAvAyuM che. dUtakanuM nAma kaMDakaNaka hatuM, paNa enA adhikAra jaNAvyA nathI. dAnazAsana ghaDanAra adhikArInuM nAma vagere patarAnA naSTa bhAgamAM lupta thayuM che. Ama A dAnazAsananuM bIjuM pataruM ja upalabdha che ne enA khUNA khaMDita che, chatAM emAMthI ThIka ThIka upayogI mAhitI prApta thAya che. emAM dAna denAra rAjAnI prazastimAM Avato arabanA parAbhavane ullekha, bharukaccha viSaya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #350
keTalAka mahatavanAM dAnazAsana 319 kemajaju vagere prAcIna gAme, AzramadevanuM devAlaya, gurjaranRpati vaMzanA dAnazAsananuM svarUpa, kAlagaNanAnI paddhati ityAdi khAsa noMdhapAtra gaNAya, prazastimAM saMskRta gadya tathA padyanA suMdara namUnA ApelA che. pAdaTIpa 1. I. E, p. 133 2. ma. gu., bhA. 1, pR. 517 3. I. E, pp. 366 f; mi. gu, bhA. 2, pR. 513 4. I. E., p. 358; mi. gu, bhA. 2, pR. 510 pa. I. E, p. 359; mai. gu, bhA. 2, pR. 513 6. mi. gu., bhA. 2, pR. 518 7. ejana, pR. para7 , 8 ejana, pR. 24 9 lekha naM. 45. vaLI ja prArthana mAratIya miTeva vacana, pR. 1rU 133. 10. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pariziSTa , pR. 35, TI. 16 11. ejana, bhA. 1, pra. 2 12. ejana, bhA. 1, pR. 58 13. gu. ai. le., bhA. 1, lekha 16 14. mai. gu, bhA. 1, pR. 62 15, ejana, pR. 70-71 16. ejana, pR. 512-519 17. ejana pR. 394, 398 18. zAkyasiMha gautama buddha uparAMta bIjA paNa buddhonI mAnyatA pracalita hatI. valabhInA rAjA zIlAditya 1 lAe baMdhAyelA vihAramAM vipazyI vagere sAta buddhonI mUrtio sthapAI hatI. zAyasiMha emAMnA sAtamA che. 19 ejana, pariziSTa 1, pR. 37 20. ejana, pR. para7-228 21. ejana, pR. 516 rara. ejana, pR. 348-349 23. ejana, pR. 119 24. (1) zubhaci (2) bagalA 25. (1) jaDane Azraya ApanAra (2) jaLAzaya - For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #351
310 26, (1) tejanA 16 mA bhAga, (2) sauMdaya yukta racanA 27. (1) nizA-kara, (ra) doSane Akara 28. (1) pakSa (pAMkha) vinAnA bhUbhRt (parvata), (2) pratipakSI rAjAe bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 29. (1) magara, (2) leAbha 30. (1) sudarzana nAme cakra, (2) sArAM danA(zAstrA)nu vatula (DaoN. mirAzI susajja sainya evA atha ghaTAve che.) 31. (1) vAsudeva kRSNa, (2) zyAma, duSTa 32. (1) bhabhUtI, rAkha (ra) samRddhi 34. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA, bhA. 2, lekha 126 35. C. I. I., Vol. IV, p. 96 36. No. 23, Plate XVI, pp. 96 ff. vaLI jue gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA, bhAga 2, lekha 118, 37. C. I. I., Vol. IV, No 24; gu. ai. le., bhA. 2, le. 119 38. AthI DaoN. nyUlare evA atha TAveleA ke jayabhaTe valabhIpatine parAbhava karyAM. 42. ejana, pR. 296-297 43. ejana, bhA. 2, pR. 516, para 3 44. I. E., pp. 357, 363 45. E. I., p. 409 46. jue upara pR. 309-310. 39. C. I. I., Vol IV, pp. 101 f. 40. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA, bhAga 1, lekha 106 41. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 1, pR. 143 33. (1) sarpa (2) jAra For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #352
prakaraNa 17 selaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha tAmrapatra karatAMya zilAlekho e abhilekhone vadhu pracalita prakAra che. emAM moTe bhAge devAlaya vApI vagere pUrNa kAryanA nirmANa ke punarnimAMNanI hakIkata ApI hoya che. besanagara garuDastaMbha lekha, khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha, gautamIputra zAtakaNine nAsika guphAlekha, jUnAgaDhanA baMne zilalekha ane caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayane mathurA staMbhalekha - e A prakAranA zilAlekha gaNAya. A prakAranA zilAlekhonI paraMparA prAcIna kAlanA aMta paryaMta cAlu rahI; ne madhyakAla tathA arvAcIna kALamAM paNa cAlu rahelI che. AvA zilAlekha bhAratanA dareka pradezamAM saMkhyAbaMdha maLe che. ahIM gujarAtanA suprasiddha solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekho paikI be zilAlekhonA namUnA ApavAmAM AvyA che. emAMne eka lekha che siddharAja jayasiMha (ane kumArapAla)nA samayane ane bIjo lekha che dhoLakAnA (vAghelA) solaMkI rANuM viradhavalanA samayane, arthAta solaMkI rAjA bhImadeva 2 jAnA samayane. 1. caulukya jayasiMhadevanA samayane dAhoda zilAlekha, vi.saM 116 1. so namo mAvate vAyuvevAya che zrI jayasiMhadevo[5]sti bhU va gurjara che ! yena kArAgRhe kSiptau surASTrAmAlavezvarau / / 3. anyepyutsAditA yena siMdhurAjAdayo nRpAH / ujJA zirasi seva vA - tiA phattere pAH perA ___aNahilapATakanagaraM surmNdirruddhtrnnihy21 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #353
322 bhAratIya abhilekhAvadyA ma yasyAsti rAjadhAnI rAjJo[s]yodhyeva rAmasya // 3 // etasyAM pRthvInA6. thAt kezavo vAhinIpatiH / senApatikrama[?] prApi dadhipadrAdimaMDale // 4 // 7. anena dadhipar3he[s]sminniyukto maMtridIkSitaH / nonArAyanuM na cAese tI kA zrInRpavikramasaMvat 1196 zrI goganArAyaNa9. devaH pratiSThitaH / asya devasya pUjArtha saM. 1202 godrahake mahAmaMDa10. lezvarazrIvAyanadevaprasAdAdavAptaprabhvA. rANa. sAMkarasIhena Ubha11. loDapathakamadhye AzviliyAkoDAgrAme halatrayasya bhUmiH pr12. hattA 37eSrar : pUrva dhAM phizi dhimatI nAma nI uttara ri13. zi kSAravahaH // " 34 bhagavAna vAsudevane namaskAra gujaramaMDalamAM jayasiMhadeva rAjA che, jeNe surASTra ane mAlava dezanA rAjAone kArAgRhamAM nAkhyA (1). jeNe siMdhurAja vagere anya rAjAone nAza karyo; uttaranA rAjAo pAse (eNe pitAnI) AjJA) zeSa(nAga)nI jema zira para dhAraNa karAvI (2). jema rAmane ayodhyA tema ene aNahilapATaka nagara rAjadhAnI che. enAM devAlaya sUryanA azvone mArga roke che (arthAt ghaNAM uttuMga che) (3). "emAM senApati kezavane rAjA taraphathI dadhipaddha Adi maMDalamAM senApatinuM pada prApta thayuM (4). " A dadhipadramAM eNe (rAjAe) nImelA ane maMtrI banAvelA kRtArtha (kezave) mAtAnuM zreya mATe geganArAyaNa devanuM (maMdira) karyuM (5). "zrI nRpa vikrama saMvata 1196 zrI. gAganArAyaNa devanI pratiSThA karI. "A devanI pUjA arthe saM 1202 godrahakamAMnA mahAmaMklezvara zrIvApanadevanI kRpAthI prabhutva pAmelA rANaka sAMkarasIhe UbhaleDa paMthaka madhye AzviliyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #354
323 solaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha koDA grAmamAM traNa haLanI bhUmi dAnamAM dIdhI. enA khUTa pUrva dizAmAM dadhimatI nAme nadI, uttara dizAmAM kSAravaha." paMcamahAlamAM I. sa. 1881 mAM dukALa paDyo tyAre rAhata kArya daramyAna dAhodanA chAbuA taLAva pAsethI A zilAlekha maLelo. A zilA lagabhaga 46 se. mI. (1 phUTa) uMcI che. A lekha Indian Antiquary nA Vol. X mAM pragaTa thayo che. lekha sAdI saMskRta bhASAmAM che. ene AraMbha "3jha nA mAvate vAvAya e dvAdakSAkSarI maMtrathI thAya che ne lekha nArAyaNanA maMdirane lagato che. lekhane mukhya bhAga paghamAM che. le. 1, 2, 4 ane 5 anuNubha chaMdamAM che. le. 3 AryA chaMdamAM che. lo. 5 pachI goLanArAyaNanI pratiSThAne samayanirdeza gadyamAM karavAmAM Avyo che. e pachIne bhAga puravaNI rUpe pachI umerAye lAge che. emAM e maMdirane bhUmidAna dIdhAnI hakIkata ApelI che. A lekhane pUrva bhAga gujarezvara jayasiMhadevanA rAjyakAlano che. pahelA be zlokomAM e rAjAnAM mahAna parAkrama varNavyAM che. gujaramaMDalane rAjA jayasihadeva e caulukya (solaMkI) vaMzane suprasiddha rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha che. eNe seraThanA cUDAsamA rAjA rA'kheMgAranI rAjadhAnI para caDAI karI ene yuddhamAM mAryo hato ne mALavA para caDAI karI tyAMnA rAjA yazovarmAne keda karI pitAnI sAthe aNahilavADa ANyo hato e hakIkata jANItI che. seraTha siddharAje vi. saM. 1170 (I. sa. 1113-1114)mAM jItyuM lAge che. "prabaMdhaciMtAmaNimAM to siddharAje soraThanA rAjAne dravya rAkhavAmAM vAsaNa vaDe mArI nAkhyA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. paraMtu A zilAlekhamAM ene kArAgRhamAM nAkhyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. enI rANI rANakadevIne siddharAja pakaDI pATaNa laI gaye paNa e chevaTe vaDhavANu AgaLa satI thaI evI anu ti che. e parathI zrI durgAzaMkara zAstrI dhAre che ke siddharAja seraThanA rAjAne keda karI pATaNa laI gayo haze ane e siddharAjanuM Adhipatya svIkArI chUTo thaye haze ne pachI kaI kAraNathI vaDhavANa AgaLa mRtyu pAmyo haze,* For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #355
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA siddharAje mALavA para caDAI karI tyAre rastAmAM bhIlA enI sevA karavA lAgyA eveA 'yAzraya'mAM ullekha che e parathI mALavA jatAM rastAmAM eNe paMcamahAlanA bhIleAne vaza karyAM heAvAnuM mAlUma paDe che.pa mALavAnA vijaya vi. saM. 1192-93mAM thayA. 324 jayasi deve paMcamahAlanA pradeza para peAtAnuM zAsana pravartAvyuM enI A lekha parathI pratIti thAya che. eNe dadhipadramaMDalanA kezava nAme senApati nImyA. dadhipadra e dAhoda che. jayasiMhadeve enI AsapAsanA pradezane peAtAnA rAjaya eka maMDala banAvI tyAM ane maDalezvara nImyA lAge che. leA. 2 mAM jayasiMhadeve siMdhurAja vagere anya rAjAene nAza karyAM nirde za che. kavi somezvaradeva paNa jayasiMhadeve sipatine bAMdhyAnA ullekha kare che. A siMdhurAja kANu e eka prazna che. e lAnA maDalezvara zaMkhanA pitA siMdhurAja evuM zrI rasikalAla parIkhe sUcavyuM che, paraMtu zaMkhaneA samaya samaya I. sa. 1224-1230nA hAI eneA pitA I.sa. 1134-40 nA arasAmAM rAjya karatA heAvAnu bhAgye ja sabhave. kirADunA paramAra rAjA sAmezvare jayasiMhadevanI madadathI siMdhurAjapura pAchuM meLavyuM evA kirADunA vi. sa. 1618nA zilAlekhamAM ullekha Ave che. e parathI e siMdhurAjapuranA rAjAne ahIM 'siMdhurAja' kahyo hovAnuM sUcavAyu che. 10 athavA siMdhurAja e siMdhanA sumarA rAjA haze evu paNa dhAravAmAM Avyu che. 11 uttaranA rAjAe naphUla ane sAMbhara-ajameranA cauhANa rAjAe lAge che. 12 aaa. 3 mAM jayasiMhadevanI rAjadhAnI tarIke ahilapATaka (ahilavADa) pattana(pATaNa)nA ullekha che. AAka 4 mAM dadhipadra vagere maDaleAmAM senApati kezavane nImyAnI hakIkata ArpI che. dadhipadramaMDala, gAlrahakamaDala vagere maDalAmAM mAMDalezvarA uparAMta eka sAmAnya senApati paNa nimAyA lAge che. leAka 5 nA zabdaprayAga jarA aTapaTA che. zilAlekhanA saMpAdaka zrI rilAla dhruve emAM 'eNe' eTale kezave evA aM karI, eTale kezave nImelA koI matrIe A maMdira baMdhAvyuM evA atha TAvelA,13 jyAre DaoN. phUlara 'eNe' eTale jayasiMhadeve evA aM karIne 'maMtrI'zabda senApati kezavane lAgu pADe che. 14 goganArAyaNanuM ma Mdira senApati kezave badhAvyuM e a For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #356
urapa selaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha vadhAre baMdha bese che. A maMdiramAM geganArAyaNanI mUrtinI pratiSThA vi. saM. 1196(I. sa. 1139-40)mAM thaI mAlavadezanA viya pachI traNa cAra varSe. gaganArAyaNamAM gega' zabda sarSanA arthamAM prayojAyo che evuM zrI ratnamaNirAva dhAre che ne e parathI A maMdira viSNunuM nahi paNa nAganuM hovAnuM anumAna tArave che. 15 paraMtu sarSavAcaka zabda to "dhedha" che. ahIM lekhano AraMbha bhagavAna vAsudevanA namaskAra maMtrathI thAya che e parathI maMdira viSNunuM hovAnuM spaSTa che. rAjA vIsaladevanA saM. 1317nA dAnapatramAM 16 ballAlanArAyaNu tathA rUpanArAyaNa nAme be devanAM maMdirono nirdeza Ave che. AvAM nAma pUrvajonAM nAma parathI paDyAM lAge che. e anusAra "goganArAyaNa nAma prAyaH senApati kezavanI mAtAnA nAma parathI paDayuM haze. 17 A zilAlekhamAM AvatA saM. 1202nA ullekhe eka prazna upasthita karyo che. lekhanA pUrva bhAgamAM siMhadevano nirdeza vartamAna rAjA tarIke thayelo che. e anusAra saM. 1202nuM bhUmidAna paNa enA rAjyakALa daramyAna apAyuM hovAnuM lAge. paraMtu jayasiMhadeva to saM. 1199nA kArtika mAsamAM mRtyu pAmyo hovAnuM prabaMdha jaNAve che, 18 vaLI musAharitra nI hastapratanI prazastimAM paNa kumArapAla saM. 1199 nA bhAvamAM rAjya karato hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che.19 AthI vi. saM. 1202 mAM te jayasiMhadevanuM nahi paNa enA utarAdhikArI kumArapAlanuM rAjya cAlatuM hatuM e spaSTa che. AthI A varSane jayasihadevanA rAjyakAlanuM nahi gaNatAM, enA nirdezavALA vAkyane AgaLa jatAM kumArapAlanA rAjyakALa daramyAna umereluM gaNavuM e ja gya che.ra0 Ama mULa lekha jayasihadevanA samayamAM gomanArAyaNanA maMdiranA nimaNane lagate lakhAyeluM, ne emAM AgaLa jatAM e maMdirane bhUmidAna devAyAnI hakIkata puravaNI rUpe kumArapAlanA rAjyakALa daramyAna umerAI A bhUmidAna denAra rANo sAMkarasIha (zaMkarasiMha ?) hato. enA para godrahaka(godharA)nA mahAmaMDalezvara zrI vApanadevanI kRpA hatI. A ullekha parathI kumArapAlanA samayanA gAdrahaka maMDalanA mahAmaMDalezvara vize jANavA maLyuM che. dAnamAM dIdhelI bhUmi AzviliyAkaDA gAmamAM hatI ne e gAma UbhaloDa pathakamAM AvyuM hatuM. UbhaleDa e dAhoda tAlukAnuM hAlanuM abhaloDa gAma For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #357
326 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA che. AdhiliyA te hAlanuM e tAlukAnuM nImanAliyA-rAbaDAla ane keDA e enI pAsenuM gaI hovAnuM dhAravAmAM AvyuM che te nizcita na gaNAya. dadhamitI e dehamaI nadI che ne kSAravaha e hAlane "khAravo che.22 eka hala arthAta eka joDI baLadathI kheDI zakAya teTalA khetarane eka hala bhUmi' kahe . rAjasthAnamAM eTalI ja lIna 50 vI nI gaNAya che, paraMtu bIjA pradezomAM enAM judAM mApa che. 23 2. tapAsanA maasu-31|| zikSA, vi.sa. 1287 1. oM // vaMde sarasvatI devIM yAti yA ka[vi]mAnasaM / nI[yamA]nA [nijene]va yAnamAnasavAsinA [1] 1 yaH [kSa]AMtimA[napya]ruNaH prakope zAMto[s]pi dIpta]: smaranigrahAya / nimIlitAkSo[ 'pi sama ] pradarzI sa vaH zivAyAstu zi [vAtanUjaH / / 2 aNahilapuramasti svastipAtraM prajAnAma]jaragira[ghutulyaiH] pA[lya]mAnaM cu[lukyaiH] / [cirama]tiramaNInAM ya[tra vaktre ]du[maMdI]kRta iva [si]tapakSaprakSaye[s]pyaMdhakAraH // 3 tatra prAgvATAnvayamukuTaM kuTajaprasUna vizadayazAH / dAnavinirjitakalpadrumaSaDacaMDayaH samabhUt // 4 caMDa prasAdAdasaMjJaH svakula[prAsA] dahemadaMDo'sya / prasaratkIrtipatAkaH puNyavipAkena sUnurabhUt // 5 AtmaguNaiH kiraNairiva soso romodbhamaM satAM ku van / udagAdagAdhamadhyadugdhodadhibAMdhavAttasmAt / / 6 etasmAdajani jinAdhi[nAthabhakti bibhrANaH svamanasi zazvadazvarA[ja]: / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #358
selaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha 327 tasyAsIddayitatamA kumAradevI devIva tripuraripoH kumAramAtA // 7 tayoH prathamapu tro'bhUnmaMtrI lUNigasaMjJayA / daivAdavApa bAlo'pi sAlokyaM [va]Asavena [sa]: // 8 pUrvameva sacivaH sa kovidaigaNyate sma guNavatsu lUNigaH / yasya nistuSamatermanISayA dhikRteva dhiSaNasya dhIrapi // 9 zrImalladevaH zri tamallidevastasyAnujo maMtrimatallikA'bhUt / babhUva yasyAnyadhanAMganAmu lubdhA na buddhiH zamalabdhabuddheH // 10 dharmavidhAne bhuvanacchidrapidhAne vibhinnasaMdhAne / sRSTikRtA na hi sRSTaH pratimalo malladeva sya // 11 nIlanIradakadambamukta vetaketukiraNoddharaNena / malladevayazasA galahasto hastimalladazanAMzuSu dattaH // 12 tasyAnujo vijayate vijiteMdriyasya sArasvatAmRtakRtAdbhutaharSavarSaH / zrIvastu [pAla iti bhAlatalasthitAni dausthyAkSarANi sukRtI kRninAM vilupan // 13 viracayati vastupAla culukyasaciveSu kaviSu ca pravara : / na kadAcidarthaharaNaM zrIkaraNe kAvyakaraNe vA // 14 tejaHpAlapAlitasvA miteja:pujaH so[s]yaM rAjate maMtrirAjaH / durvRttAnAM zaMkanIyaH kanIyA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #359
328 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 10. 11. nasya bhrAtA vizvavibhrAMtakIrtiH // 15 tejaHpAlasya viSNozca kaH svarUpaM nirUpayet / sthitaM jagatrayIsUtraM yadIyodarakaMdare // 16 jAlhU-mAU-sAU dhanadevI-sohagA-vayajukAravyAH / padamaladevI caiSAM kramAdimAH sapta sodayaH // 17 ete'zvarAjaputrA dazarathaputrAsta eva catvAraH / prAptAH kila punaravanAvekodaravAsalobhena // 18 anujanmanA sametasteja:pA lena vastupAlo'yaM / madayati kasya na hRdayaM madhumAso mAdhaveneva // 19 paMthAnameko na kadApi gacchediti smRtiproktabhiva sparaMto / sahodarau durddharamohacaure saMbhUya dhamadhvini tau pravRttau // 20 idaM sadA so darayorudetu yugaM yugavyAyatadoryugazri / yuge caturthe'pyanaghena yena kRtaM kRtasyAgamanaM yugasya // 21 muktAmayaM zarIraM sodarayoH sucirametayorastu / muktAmayaM kila mahIvalayamidaM bhAti yatkIrtyA // 22 13. kotpattinimittau yadyapi pANI tayostathApyekaH / vAmo'bhUdanayorna tu sodarayoH ko'pi dakSiNayoH // 23 dharmasthAnAMkitAmuvI sarvataH kurkhtaa'munaa| dattaH pAdo balAbaMdhuyugalena kalegale // 24 itazcaulukyavIrA NAM vaMze zAkhAvizeSakaH / aNerAja iti khyAto jAtastejomayaH pumAn // 25 14. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #360
solaMkI rAjyanA be zilAlekha 329 tasmAdanaMtaramanaMtaritapratApaH prApa kSiti kSataripulavaNaprasAdaH / svargApagAjalavalayitazaMkhazubhrA babhrAma yasya lavaNAbdhimatItya kIrtiH sutastasmAdAsIddazarathakakutsthapratikRteH pratikSmApAlAnAM kavalitabalo vIradhavalaH / yazaH pUre yasya prasarati ratikkAMtamanasAmasAdhvInAM bhagnA'bhisaraNakalAyAM kuzalatA // 27 caulukyaH sukRtI sa vIradhavala: ka NejapAnAM japaM . yaH kaNe'pi cakAra na pralapatAmuddizya yau maMtriNau / AbhyAmabhyudayAtirekaruciraM rAjyaM svabhattaH kRtaM vAhAnAM nivahA ghaTAH karaTinAM baddhAzca saudhAMgaNe // 28 tena maMtridvayenAyaM jAne jAnUpavartinA / vi17. bhurbhujadvayeneva sukhamAzliSyati zriyaM // 29 itazca [1] gaurIvarazvazurabhUdharasaMbhavo'yamastyarbudaH kakudamadrikadaMbakasya / maMdAkinI ghanajaTe dadhaduttamAMge yaH zyAlaka: zazibhRto'bhinayaM karoti // 30 kvacidiha viharaMtI/ 18. kSamANasya rAsAH prasarati ratiraMta kSaNAkAMkSato'pi / kvacana sunibhirarthyAM pazyatastIrthavIthIM bhavati bhavaviraktA dhIradhIrAtmano'pi // 31 zroyaH zroSTavaziSThahojahutamRkkuDAnmRtaMDAtmajapradyotAdhikadehadIdhitibha ra: ko[s]pyAvirAsInnaraH / For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #361
330 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA taM matvA paramAraNakarasikaM sa vyAjahAra zruterAdhAraH paramAra ityajani tannA cA'tha tasyAnvayaH // 32 zrIdhUnarAjaH prathama vabhUva bhUvAsAstatra nareMdravaMze / bhUmIbhRto yaH kRtavAnabhijJAn pakSadvayocche inavedanAsu / / 33 dhaMdhuka-dhruvabhaTAdayastataste ripudvipaghaTAjito'bhavan / yatkule'jani pumAnmanoramI rAmadeva iti kAmadevajit // 34 rodaHka daravati kIrtilaharIliptAmRtAMzudyuterapradyumnavazo yazodhavala i - tyAsIttanUjastataH / yazcaulukyakumArapAlanRpatipratyarthitAmAgataM matvA satvarameva mAlavapati balla(lA)lamAlabdhavAn // 35 zatruToNIgalavidalaneonnidranistR(stri)zadhAro dhArAvarSaH samajani sutastasya vizvaprAsyaH / krodhAkrAMtapra dhanava sudhAnizcale yatra jAtA*cyotannetrotpalajalakaNAH kokaNAdhIzapatnyaH // 36 so[s]yaM punardAzarathiH pRthivyAmavyAhataujAH sphuTamujjagAma / mArIcavairAdiva yo'dhulApi [mR]gavyamavyagra matiH karoti // 37 sAmaM tasiMhasamitikSitikSataujaH zrIgUrjarakSitiparakSaNadakSiNAsiH / prahlAdanastadanujo danujottamAricAritramatra punarajva(jjva)layAMcakAra // 38 devI sarojAsanasaMbhavA kiM kAmapradA kiM surasaurabheyI / prahalAdanAkAragharA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #362
lakI rAjyanA be zilAlekha 3. 24. dharAyAmAyAtavatyeSa na nizcayo me // 39 dhArAvarSasuto'yaM jayati zrIsomasiMhadevo yaH / pitRtaH zairya vidyAM pitRvyakAdanAmubhayato jagRhe // 40 muktvA viprakarAnarAtinikarAnnirjitya tatkiMcana prAyatsaMprati soma siMhanRpatiH somaprakAzaM yazaH / yenorvItalamujva(jjva)laM racayatApyuttAmyatAmIryayA savveSAmiha vidviSAM na hi mukhAnmAlinyamunmUlitaM // 41 vasudevasyeva sutaH zrIkRSNa: kRSNarAjadevo'sya / mAtrAdhikapratApo yazoda yA saMzrito jayati // 42 itazca [u] anvayena vinayena vidyayA vikrameNa sukRtakrameNa ca / kApi ko[5]pi na pumAnupaiti me vastupAlasadRzo dRzoH pathi // 43 yatA lalitAdevItanayamavItanayamApa saciveMdrAt / nAmnA jayaMta siMha jayaMtabhiMdrAtpulomaputrIva / / 44 yaH zaizave vinayavairiNi bodhava dhye dhatte naya ca vinaya ca guNodaya c| so[s]ya manobhavaparAbhavajAgarUkarUpA na ka manasi cubati jaitrasiMhaH // 45 zrI vastupAlaputraH kalpAyuraya jaya tasiho'stu / kAmAdadhika rUpaM nirUpyate yasya dAna' ca // 46 sa zrItejaHpAla:sacivazciramastu tejasvI / yena janA nizcitAzciMtAmaNineva naMdati // 47 yaccANakyAmarugurumarudavyAdhizukrAdikAnAM prAgutpAdaM vyadhitabhuvane 28. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #363
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA matriNAM buddhidhAmnAM / cakre'bhyAsaH sa khalu vidhinA nUnamena vidhAtu tejaHpAlaH kathamitarathAdhikyamApaiSa teSu // 48 asti svastiniketana tanubhRtAM zrIvastupAlAnujastejaHpAla iti sthiti balikRtAmutrItale pAlayan / AtmIyaM ba hu manyate na hi guNagrAma ca kAmadakizcANakyo[s]pi camatkaroti na hRdi prekSAspada prekSya yaM / / 49 itaca // maha. zrItejaHpAlasya pAyA zrIanupamadevyAH pitRvaMzavarNanaM / / prAgvATAnvayama DalaikamukuTa zrIsAMdracaMdrAvatIvAstavyaH sta vanIyakItilahariprakSAlitazAtalaH / zrIgAgAmidhayA sudhIrajani yavattAnurAgAdabhUtko nAptapramadA nadolitazirA nodbhatarogA pumAn / / 50 anusRtasajjanasaraNidha raNiganA mA babhUva tattAnaya : / svaprabhuhRdaye guNinA hAreNeva sthitaM yena / / 51 tribhuvanadevI tasya tribhuvanavikhyAtazIlasaMpannA / . dayitA'bhUdanayoH punaraMgaM dvadhA manastvekaM // 52 anupabhadevI devI sAkSAdAkSAyaNIva zIlena / taddahitA sahitA zrItejaHpAlena patyA'bhUt / / 53 iyamanupAmadevI divyavRttaprasUnavratatirajani teja.pAlamaMtrIzapatnI / nayavinayavivekaucityadAkSiNyAnapramukhaguNagaNe dudyotitAzeSagAtrA // 54 lAvaNyasihastanayastayorayaM rayaM jayanniM driyaduSTavAjinAM / labdhvApi mInadhvajamaMgalaM vayaH 33. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #364
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha prayAti vidhAyinA'dhvanA // 55 zrI tejaHpAlatanayasya guNAnamuSya zrI siMhakRtinaH kati na stuvaMti / zrI dhanoda dhuratarairapi yaiH samatAduddAnatA trijagati kri 35. 36. 37. 34. 39 yate rUpa kIrteH // 56 guNadhanavidhAnakazaH prakaTayamaveSTitazca khalasaH / upacayamayate satataM sujanairupajIvyamAno'pi // 57 sahadevasacivasya naMdana : pUrNasiMha iti lIlukAsutaH / tasya naMdati suto [S]yamahalaNA - devibhUH sukRtavezma peyaGaH // 58 jabhUnupamA patnI tejaHpAlasya maMtriNaH / lAvaNyasiMhanAmAyamAyuSmAnetayaH sutaH // 59 tejaHpAlena puNyArthaM tayeH putrakalatrayoH / harmya zrIneminAthasya tene tenedamavude / / 60 teja:pAla iti kSitI dusaciva : khojya (jajJa ) lAbhiH zilAzrazreNIbhiH sphuraviduku daruciraM niprabhorma diraM / uccairma namato jina [varA] vAsadvipaMcAzataM tASu balAnakaM ca purato niSpAdayAmAsivAn // 61 zrImaccaDa - [4] saMbhavaH [sama] bhavaccaMDa prasAdastataH somastatprabhavo'zvarAja iti tatputrAH pavitrAzayAH / zrI malhUNigamaladeva saciva zrIvastupAlAhvayAstejaH samanvitA jinamatArAmannamannIrahAH // 62 zrImaMtrIzvaravastupAlatanayaH zrIjai trisiMhAhUvayastejaHpunazca vizrutamatirlAvaNyasiMhAbhidhaH / eteSAM dazamUrtayaH kazviraskaMdhAdhirUDAciraM rAjate nidarzanArthanayatAM dignAyakAnAmiva // 63 For Personal & Private Use Only 333

Page #365
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA mUtanAmiha pRSThataH karivadhUpRSThapratiSThAjuSAM tanmUvima lAza khattakagatAH kAMtAsametA daza / caulukyakSitipAlavIradhavalasyAdvetabaMdhuH sudhIstejaHpAla iti vyadhApaya iyaM zrIvastupAlAnujaH // 64 tejaHpAla: sakalA jopajIvyasya vastupAlasya / savidhe vibhAti saphala: sarovarasyeva sahakAraH // 65 tena bhrAtRyugena yAM pratipuragrAmAdhvazailasthalaM vApI panipAnakAnanasaraHprAsAdasatrAdikA / dharmasthAnaparaMparA navatarA cakre'tha jIrNod dhRtA tatsaMravyApi na budhyate yadi para tadvedi nI medinI / / 66 zaMbhoH bAsagatAgatAni gaNayedyaH sanmatiye 'tha vA netronbhIlanamIlanAni kalayenma[1]ka DanAmnA muneH / saravyAtu sacivadvayIviracitAmetAmapetAparavyApAraH sukRtAnukIrtanatatiM so[]pyujjihIte yadi sarvatra varttatAM kIrti razvarAjasya zAztI / sukatusukatu ca jAnIte yasya saMtatiH // 68 AsIccaDamaMDitAnvayagurunAgedragacchazriyazcUDAratnaprayatnasiddha mahimA sUrthiheMdrAbhidhaH / tasmAdvisyanIyacArucaritaH zrIzAMti sUristatopyAnaMdAmarasUriyugmamudagaccandrAka'dIptadyuti // 69 zrIjainazAsanavanInavanIravAhaH zrImAMstato'pyaghaharo haribhadrasUriH / vidyA padonmadagadeSvanavadyavaidyaH rakhyAtastato vijayasenamunIzvaro'yaM // 70 guro sta] For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #366
solaMkI rAjyanAM zilAlekha 365 __syAziSAM pAtraM sUrirastyudayaprabhaH / mauktikAnIva sUktAni bhAMti yatpratibhAMbudheH // 71 etaddharmasthAnaM dharmasthAnasya cAsya yaH krtaa| tAvadvayamidama(mu)diyAdudayamabudo yAvat // 72 zrIsomezvaradeva culukayanaradevasektihi yu: | racayAMcakAra rucirAM dharmasthAnaprazastinisAM // 73 zrInemerambikAyAzca prasADhAirbudAcale / vastupAlAnvayasyAstu prazastiH svastizAlinI // 74 sUtra. kelhaNasutadhAMdhalaputrega caMDezvareNa prazastiriyamutkIrNA / zrIvikrama saMvat 1287] varSe [kAlgu]Na vadi 3 khau [ii nAche [if nasenasUrimika pratiSThA tA | "phajha sarasvatI devIne vaMdana karuM chuM, je kavionA mAnasamAM jAya che ne je mAnasa(sarevara)mAM pitAnA vAhana (haMsa) vaDe laI javAya che. 1 je phAtimAna hovA chatAM kepamAM aruNa che, zAMta hovA chatAM kAmanA nigraha mATe dIpta che ne cakSu mIMcelA hovA chatAM je samagra jue che, tevA zivAnA putra (neminAtha) tamArA ziva (kalyANa) mATe hA. 2 prajAjanonA kalyANanuM pAtra, aja raji ane raghu sarakhA culukyothI rakSAnuM aNahilapura che. jyAM atisuMdara strIonA mukhacaMdro vaDe zukala pakSanA aMte paNa aMdhakAra lAMbo vakhata maMda karAya che. 3 "tyAM prAgvATa (paravADa) phulanA mukuTarUpa, kuraja(ka)24nA puSpa jevA svaccha yazavALo, dAnamAM kalpavRkSanA khaMDathI caDiyAto hato te caMDapa thayo. 4 ene puNyanA vipAkathI caMDaprasAda nAme putra thaye, je potAnA kularUpI prAsAdane hemadaMDa hato, ne jenI kIrtipatAkA pharakatI hatI. 5 je agAdha madhyavALo ane dugdhadadhi (dUdha-sAgara) jevo hato tevA tenAmAMthI sema udabhavya. e kiraNonI jema AtmaguNo vaDe sajajanone romAMca karato hato. enAmAMthI adharAja ja, je hamezAM pitAnA manamAM jinAdhipatinI bhakita dhAraNa karato hato. ene tripurAri ziva nI devI (nAme) priyatamA hatI. 7 te bene maMtrI lUNiga nAme prathama putra hato. daivavazAta e nAno hovA chatAM devaloka pAme. 8. vizuddha mativALA jenI manISAthI dhiSaNa(bRhaspati) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #367
336 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA nI dhI (buddhi, paNa jANe tiraskRta thatI hatI. tevo lUcci guNavAnamAM kavido vaDe pahelAM ja saciva gaNAya che. 9 eno anuja (nAno bhAI) maladeva jeNe malidevano Azraya lIdho che te maMtrIomAM uttama hato. enI buddhi zamasaMpanna hAI bojAonAM dhana ane patnIomAM lubdha nahatI. 10 dhamaMvidhAnamAM, jagatanAM chidra DhAMkavAmAM, ane bheda pAmelAnuM saMdhAna (sAMdhaNu) karavAmAM vidhAtAe maladevano pratimalla (pratispadhI) saryo nathI. 11 nIla jalada(vAdaLa)nA samUhamAMthI mukta thayelAM caMdrakiraNone haDaselatA, maladevanA thaze hastimale(diggajonA datanAM kiraNone gaLethI pakaDyAM che. 25 12 e jitendriyano anuja vastupAla jya pAme che, je sArasvata amRta vaDe adbhuta harSanI varSA kare che ne je sukRtavALo vidAnanA lalATamAM lakhAyelA duHkhanA akSara bhUMsI nAMkhe che. 13 culukA(caulukya)nA sacivAmAM tathA kaviomAM pravara evo e kadI zrIkaraNa(AvakakhAtA)mAM ke kAvyakaraNa(kAvyaracanA)mAM arthaharaNa 6 karato nathI. 14 eno nAno bhAI maMtrirAja tejapAla hatuM, je svAmInA tejapujanuM pAlana kare che, jenAthI durAcArIo gabharAya che ne jenI kIrti vizvamAM bhramaNa kare che. 15 jenA udara-kaMdaramAM traNe lokanAM sUtra27 rahelAM che : tevA tejapAlanuM ane viSNunuM svarUpa keNu nirUpI zake ! 16. ne teone jAdu, mAU, sAU, dhanadevI, sohagA, vayajukA ane padmaladevI, nAme kramazaH sAta sedarI(sahodarI)o 28 hatI. 17 azvarAjanA A putro kharekhara eka udaramAM vAsa karavAnA lobhathI pRthvI para punaH AvelA dazarathanA putro ja che 18 teja:pAlathI sameta A vastupAla, mAdhava (vaizAkha)thI sameta madhu(caitra)nI jema, kenA hRdayane AnaMda Apato nathI ? 19 jANe ke " mArgamAM kadI ekalA na javuM' e smRti vacanane yAda karatA e be sAdara jemAM meha rUpI cerane sAmane karavo mUzkela che tevA dharmamArgamAM sAthe pravRtta (rahe) che 20 yuga (dhurA) jeTalA lAMbA be bAhuvALA e sahadaronuM yuga yugala) sadA udaya pAme, je niSpA5 yugale caturtha yuga(kaliyuga)mAM paNa kRtayuga(satyayuga)nuM Agamana karAvyuM che. 21 jeonI krAMtithI A mahImaDala kharekhara muktAmaya (matI-rUpa) bhAse che te be sahodaronAM zarIra lAMbe samaya muktAmaya (Amaya rogathI mukta) raho. 22. eka (deha)mAMthI ja be hAtha utpanna thayA hoya che to paNa temAMno eka vAma(DAbo) hoya che, paraMtu dakSiNa (prAmANika) evA A be sahedarAmAM eka paNa vAma (dutharita) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #368
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekhe 337 nathI. 23. pRthvIne sarvataH dharmasthAnothI aMkita karatA A baMdhu-yugale kali(yuga)nA gaLe jorathI paga mUkyo che. 24 have caulukya (selI) vIrenA vaMzamAM arNorAja nAme vikhyAta zAkhAalaMkArarUpa tejasvI puruSa thaye 25. tenA pachI lavaNaprasAde pRthvI prApta karI. ene pratApa aMtarita nahato. eNe zatruone saMhAra karyo hato. svarganadI(gaMgA)nA jalathI prakSAlita zaMkha jevI zubhra (ujajavala) jenI kIrti lavaNasAgaranI pAra pahoMcI che. 26 dazaratha ane kakustha sarakhA enAmAMthI vIradhavala thayuM. eNe pratipakSI rAjAonA sainyane nAza karyo hato. enA yazanuM pUra prasaratAM kAmathI pIDita manavALI asAdhvI strIonI abhisaraNakalA vizenI kuzaLatA bhAgI gaI. 27 e sukRtI caulukya vIradhavala je be maMtrIone udezI pralApa karatA kAnaphUsiyAonI vAtane kAnamAM letA nahi, te bee potAnA svAmInA rAjyane ghaNA abhyadayathI rucira karyuM ne enI havelInA AMgaNAmAM azvonA tathA gajenA samUha baMdhAvyA. 28 jAnu sudhI pahoMcatA be bhujanI jema te be maMtrIo vaDe A rAjA lakSmIne sukhe bheTe che ema jANuM chuM. 29 have gorI(pArvatInA vara(ziva)nA zvasura (himAlaya) parvatamAMthI utpanna thayelo A abuMda (Abu) che, je parvatasamUhanI Toca rUpa che, ane je (zivano) sALo ghanarala jaTAvALA uttamAMga(bharataka)mAM gaMgAne dhAraNa karato zazidhara(ziva)ne abhinaya kare che. 30 kyAreka ahIM suMdarIone vihAra karatI nIrakhIne mokSanI AkAMkSAvALAmAM paNa rati prasare che, (to) kayAMka munio vaDe IzkelI tIrtha-vithI joIne adhIra cittavALAnI paNa buddhi saMsArathI virakta thAya che. 31 zreyathI zreSTha evA vaziSThanA hemAgnikuMDamAMthI mArtaDa(sUrya)nA tejathI adhika dehanuM teja dhAraNa karato kaI nara pragaTa thayuM. te para(zatru)mAraNamAM ananya rasa dharAvaze ema mAnIne zrutinA AdhArarUpa emaNe (vaziSTha) tene "paramAra nAma ApyuM ne teno vaMza te nAmano tha. 32 te nRvaMzamAM prathama ghUmarAja thayo, te pRthvI parano indra hato, jeNe baMne pakSanA ucchedanI vedanAmAM bhUbhUtine abhijJa karyA.30 33 tenAmAMthI dhaMdhuka, dhruva bhaTa vagere thayA, je zonA gajasamUhane jItatA hatA, ne jeonA kulamAM kAmadevane jitanAra rAmadeva nAme manohara puruSa ja . 34 svarga-pRthvInA kaMdaramAM rahelI kIrtinAM mojAMthI lipta thatA caMdranA tejavALA te (rAjA)ne 22 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #369
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA yazAdhavala nAme putra hatA, je pradyumna(kAmadeva)ne vaza na hatA, ane jeNe mAlavapatine caulukaya kumArapAla rAjA tarapha zatrubhAva pAmeleA jANIne tarata ja haNI nAkhyA. 35 tene dhArAva (nAme) suta thayA. e zatruenI zreNInAM gaLAM chevAmAM tItra khaDga-dhArA dharAvatA hatA. vizvamAM prazasya hatA. jyAre te krodhathI AkrAMta thaI raNabhUmi para nizcala rahete| tyAre DhAMkaNa dezanA rAjAnI patnIonAM kSetrakamaLAmAMthI azrubiMdu TapakatAM thatAM. 36 te A vaLI akSINa zakitavALA pRthvI para AvelA spaSTata; dAzaritha (rAma) che, je mArIca mATenA vairathI hajI ya mRgayA-magna buddhi dharAve che. 37 tene anuja prahUlAdana che. teNe sAmaMtasiha sAthe raNabhUmimAM kSINa thayelI kita vALA zrI gurjarabhUpanA rakSaNamAM dakSa khaDga dhayuM hatu. te dAnavAnA uttama ari(viSNu)nA caritrane ahIM puna: ujjavala karyuM hatuM. 38 kamalAsana(hmA)mAMthI utpanna thayelI devI (sarasvatI) ke kAmapradA suradhenu prahlAdananuM rUpa dhAraNa karI pRthvI para AvI che e huM nakkI karI zakatA nathI 31 29 dhArA vA A putra zrI meAmisaMhadeva jaya pAme che, jeNe pitA pAsethI zauya, kAkA pAsethI vidyA ane baMne pAsethI dAna grahaNa karyu che. 40 kara cheADI I te ane zatruonA samUhane jItIne sAmasi Mha rAjA sema ( caMdra) jevA ujajavala kaMI yaza pAmyA che, jeNe pRthvItAne ujjavala karavA chatAM, irSyAthI meAha pAmatA zatruonA mukhamAMthI mAlinya (malinatva) dUra kayuM nahi. 41 yazodAthI sazrita vasudevanA suta zrIkRSNa je mAtArthI adhika pratApavALA che tanA jevA teneA (sAmisahadevanA) suta kRSNarAjadeva che, je yaza ane dhyAthI sazrita ane mAtrAthI adhika pratApavALA che. 42 vipremanA 338 " have kulathI, vinayathI, vidyAthI, parAkramathI ane sukRtanA kramathI vastu. pAla sarakhA koI paNa puruSa kAMya mArA nayanapathamAM Avate nathI. 43 caMdrathI pauleAmIe jayaMtane prApta karyuM tema e sacivedrathI lalitAdevI patnIe jayaMtasiMhu nAme nayasa Mpanna tanaya(putra) prApta karyAM. 44 kAmadevane parAbhava kare tevu jAgarUka rUpa dharAvatA ane vinayanA zatru ane jJAnathI vadhya evA zaizavamAM (paNa) je naya, vinaya ane guNAnA udaya kare che tevA A jaitrasihu kAne cittamAM cuMbana karatA nathI ? 45 zrI vastupAlanA putra A thAva, jenu' rUpa kAma(kAmadeva)thI adhika ane jaitu adhika nirUpAya che. 46 saciva zrI. tejaHpAla cirakAla tejasvI hA, ciMtAmaNi jevA jenAthI nizciMta janA AnaMda kare che. 47 cANakaya, bRhaspati, marud jayaMtasi Mha kapAyuSI dAna kAma(icchA)thI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #370
selaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha 339 vyAdhi, zukra vagere buddhizALI maMtrIone vidhAtAe Ane (tejapAlane) saja. vAne abhyAsa (mahAvaro) karavAnI rIte jagatamAM utpanna karyA hatA, nahi to te tejapAla teomAM adhikatA kyAMthI pAme ? 48 dehadhArIonA kalyANanuM sthAna, balie karelI pRthvI parathI sthitinuM pAlana karato, zrI vastupAlana anuja tejapAla che, jovA lAyaka evA jene joIne kAmadaMki pitAnA guNasamUhane bahu mAnato nathI ne cANakaya paNa hRdayamAM vismaya pamADato nathI. 49 have zrI tejapAlanI patnI zrI anupamadevInA pitRvaMzanuM varNana: prAgvATaravADa) vaMzanA zaNagArane ananya mukuTa, zrIsaMpanna caMdrAvatIne vAstavya (nivAsI), prazaMsanIya kAtinI laharIthI jeNe bhUmitalane prakSAlita karyuM hatuM tevo, zrI gAMgA nAme sudhI (subuddhi) janmyo hato, jenA caritanA anurAgathI koNa AnaMda pAme nahota, koNe mastaka DolAvyuM nahotuM ke kene romAMca thaye nahoto ? para tene sajajanonA pathane anusarato dharaNiga nAme putra thaze, je guNavAna32 hAranI jema potAnA svAmInA hRdayamAM rahyo. 51 ene tribhuvanamAM vikhyAta zIlathI saMpanna tribhuvanadevI (nAme) patnI hatI. e benAM aMga judAM hatAM, paNa mana eka hatuM. para zIlamAM sAkSAta dakSApatrI (satI) jevI anupamadevI pati zrI tejapAlathI yukta thaI 53 A anupamadevI, divya AcArarUpI puSpanI latA, teja pAla maMtrIzvaranI patnI thaI naya, vinaya, viveka, aucitya, dAkSiNya dAna vagere gugonA samUha rUpI duthI enuM sakaLa gAtra prakAzita hatuM. 54 te baMne putra lAvaNyasiMha Idriya rUpI duSTa azvonA vegane jIta kAmadevane priya vaya (arthAta yauvana) prApta karIne paNa dharmanuM ananya vidhAna karatA mArge cAle che. 55 zrI tejapAlanA A pavitra putra zrI lUNasiMhanA guNonI stuti koNa nathI karatA ? lakSmInA baMdhanamAM nahi baMdhAyelA che (guNA)e trilokamAM kIrtinI udAmatA karI che. 56 guNarUpI dhananA nidhine A kalaza khule che33 ne khalarUpI sarpothI vIMTAyela nathI. sajajano ene bhogavatA rahe che, chatAM e satata vRddhi pAme che. pa7 maladeva sacivane lIlukAthI janmelI pUNasiMha nAme putra che, teno ahaNadevIthI thayela sukRtonA sthAna rUpa pethaDa (nAme) A putra AnaMda kare che. pa8 tejapAla maMtrInI anupama panI thaI e benI lAvaNyasiMha nAme A AyuSmAna putra che. 59 te tejapAle te putra ane patnInA puNya arthe abuMda (Abu) para zrI neminAthane A prAsAda karAvyo. 6. pRthvI para IMdu For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #371
340 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA (caMdra) jevA maMtrI tejapAle zaMkha jevI ujajvaLa zilA-zreNIo vaDe Idu ane kuMdAgarA)nA jevuM rucira neminAthanuM maMdira karAvyuM. emAM UMco maMDapa zebhe che. tenI bAjumAM bAvana jinAlaye che ne mekhare balAnaka che. 61 zrImAna caMDapamAMthI caMDaprasAda thayo, tenAmAMthI sema thayo, teno putra azvarAja nAme thaye, tene pavitra AzayavALA ane jinamata rUpI udyAnamAM caDhatA nIrada (vAdaLa) jevA zrImAna lUNiga, malava, vastupAla ane teja:pAla nAme putra che. 62 zrI vastupAla maMtrIzvarane zrI jaMtrasiMha nAme putra che ane teja:pAlane vikhyAta mativALA lAvaNyasiMha nAme suta che. jina(tIrtha. kara)nA darzana arthe jatA phipAlenA jevA teonI uttama gajanA skaMdha para ArUDha thayelI dasa mUrtio lAMbo kAla zobhe che. 63 gajavadhUnI pITha para sthapAyelI mUrtionI pAchaLa, caulukya nRpa viradhavalanA ananya baMdhu ane zrI vastupAlanA anuja, sumativALA A teja:pAle nirmaLa paththaranA khattake(gokhalAomAM mUkelI patnIo sahita teonI dasa mUrtio karAvI. 64 sakala prajA jenA vaDe upajIvikA calAve che tevA vastupAlanI samIpamAM, sarevaranI samIpamAM rahelA sa-phalaka sahakAra(AmravRkSa)nI jema, saphaLa 35 tejapAla zebhe che. 65 te be bhAIoe dareka nagara, gAma, mArga, parvata ane sthaLe vApI, kRpa, jalAzaya, vana, sarovara, prAsAda, satra vagere dharmasthAnonI navI atirucira paraMparA karI che ke ene jIrNoddhAra karyo che, tenuM nirUpaNa karI zakAya ? je karI zakAya to te mAtra medinI (pRthvI, jANe che. 66 je sabuddhivALA zaMbhunA zvAsa-ucchavAsa gaNI zake athavA mAkaDa nAme muninAM nenAM umIlana-mIlana gaNI zake te paNa anya kArya tajIne A be sacivoe karAvelAM sukRtonA saMkIrtanane vistAra karI zake to karI zake. 67 azvarAjanI zAzvata kIti sarvatra pravartI, jenI saMtati sukRta ane upakAra karavAnuM jANe che. 68 "caMDapathI alaMkRta kulanA guru, nAgendra gacchanI lakSmInA cUDArane rUpa, anAyAsa mahimA siddha karanAra, mahendra nAme sUri hatA. temanA ziSya) zAMtisUri hatA, jemanuM carita vismayajanaka ane suMdara hatuM. temanA pachI AnaMdasuri ane amarasUrinI joDI thaI jenI prabhA udAmatA caMdra ane sUryanA jevI pradIpta hatI. 68 tenA pachI pApahArI haribhadrasUri thayA, je jaina zAsana rUpI upavananA nUtana nIrada(vAdaLa)rUpa hatA. pachI A vijayasena munIzvara prasiddha che, je vidyAnA madanA umAdanA roga mATe sarvottama vaidya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #372
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha - 341 che. 70 te gurunI AziponuM pAtra udayaprabhasUri che, jemanI pratibhA rUpI sAgaranAM mauktika jevAM sUkta (subhASita) prakAze che. 71 A dharmasthAna ane A dharmasthAna karAvanAra e be jyAM sudhI A abuMda (Abu) udaya pAme che tyAM sudhI udaya pAmo. 72 - "cu lukya (caulukayo nRpathI jenuM caraNa-yugala sevAya che, tevA zrI somezvaradeve A suMdara dharmasthAna-prazasti racI. 73 "zrI neminI tathA aMbikAnI kRpAthI abudAcala para prazasti vastupAlanA kuLane kalyANakArI che. 74 kehaNanA putra dhAMdhalanA putra sUtra.36 caMDezvare A prazasti katarI. zrI vikrama (savaMta 1287 va) phAlgaNa vadi 3 ravie (ravivAre) zrI (nAgaeNga)chanA (zrI vijaya)senasUrie pratiSThA karI." Abu parvata para AvelA delavADA gAmamAM ArasanAM je vikhyAta jana maMdira AvelAM che temAM bhImadeva 1 lAnA daMDanAyaka vimale baMdhAveluM 'vimalavasati ane mahAmAtya tejapAle baMdhAveluM "lUNasiMha-vasati khAsa jANItAM che. AmAMnuM bIju maMdira sAmAnya rIte "vastupAla-tejapAlanA maMdira tarIke oLakhAya che paraMtu e kharekhara mAtra tejapAle baMdhAveluM che.37 e maMdiranA eka gokhalAmAM kALA paththaranI eka moTI takatI para A lekha katarelo che. vilsane 1828 mAM Asiatic Researches nA Vol. XVI mAM enuM bhASAMtara pragaTa kareluM. 1883mAM pre. kAthavaTee "kIrtikaumudI'nI puravaNIrUpe A lekhano pATha bhASAMtara sAthe prasiddha karyo. bhAvanagara saMsthAnanA Arkilojikala DipArTamenTa prakAzita karelA Collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit Inscriptions mAM Avo lekha bhASAMtara sAthe pragaTa thayo che. lyuDase Epigraphia Indica nA Vol. VIII mAM Ane vivecana tathA bhASAMtara sAthe saMpAdita karyo che. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho' nA bhAga 2 mAM enuM gujarAtI bhASAMtara prasiddha thayuM che.38 Collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit Inscriptions Hi prasiddha thayela lekha39 ane A lekha lagabhaga ekasarakhA che. baMnemAM 47 paMkti che, emAM 74 zloka che ne dareka paMktino AraMbha e ja akSarathI thAya che. chatAM enA pAThanI aMdara keTalAka zabdono ke akSarano phera rahele che, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #373
342 bhAratIya abhilekha vidyA emAMnAM keTalAMka pAThAMtara to mULa lekhamAM rahelAM hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. vaLI bIjo taphAvata e che ke le. 74 pachI gadyamAM ApelI paMktimAM lekha kotaranAranuM nAma juduM che. vaLI e lekha te AdinAtha maMdiranI pAsenI dharmazALAnI bhIMtamAM caNelo hato, jyAre A lekha to neminAtha maMdiranA gokhalAmAM caNelo che. AthI dharmazALAvALo lekha e judA salATe kotarelI bIjI nakala che. A lekha caMDezvara nAme sUtradhAre kotaryo che, jyAre pele lekha kavAka nAme gajadhare kotarelo che. kaduvAke kotarevA lekhanI miti "vi. saM. 12 67 phAguna vadi 10 saumyadina" vAMcavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu tyAre vastupAla-tejapAla vIradhavalanA amAtya nimAyA na hoI e pATha barAbara nathI kharI rIte e nakalamAM paNa vi. saM. 1287 nA phAguna vadi 3 ne ravi' nI miti ja kotarI hovI joIe. A nakalato patto lAga nathI, nahi to zuddha pAThanI khAtarI karI zakAta. A nakalamAM lakhANa lagabhaga 95 se.mI. (3 13') pahoLI ane 80 se.mI. (2) 7') UMcI jagAmAM kotareluM che. pahelA be zleka devahutinA che. trIjAmAM aNahilapuranuM varNana che. zleka 4-24 mAM tejapAlanA kulanuM, le. 25-29 mAM rANA vIradhavalanA kulanuM, le. 30-42 mAM AbunA paramAra rAjakulanuM ane le. 43-49mAM pAchuM tejapAlanA kulanuM, le. 50-54 mAM anupamadevInA kulanuM, zve. 55-59 mAM lAvaNyasiMhanuM, ple. 60-64 mAM neminAtha maMdiranuM, zve. 6 5-68 mAM vastupAla-teja vAlanI dAnavIratAnuM ane zle. 69-7 mAM vijayasUrinI guru-ziSya paraMparAnuM nirUpaNa che. le. 72 ane 74 AzIrvAdAtmaka che. le. 73 mAM prazasti racanAranI vigata che. . 74 pachInA gadyamAM prazasti karanAranI tema ja pratiSThAnI vigata che. vastupAla-tejapAlanI mAtA kumAradevI bAlavidhavA hatI. ezvarAja sAthe punarlagna karIne eNe 11 saMtAnone janma Apyo - 4 putra ane 7 putrIo. paramAra vaMzanA vRttAMtamAM keTalIka aitihAsika hakIkata maLe che. ballAla mALavAno rAjA hato, paNa tyAM paramAra vaMzano hato evuM nizcita nathI. siddharAje mALavA jItI lIdhuM te pachI ballAle dhArAnagarI kabaje karI lAge che.40 dhArAvarSanA anuja prahalAdane prahalAdanapura (pAlanapura) vasAvyuM che. eNe harAvele sAmaMtasiMha mevADane guhila rAjA sAmaMtasiMha hato.4 1 prahUlAdana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #374
selaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha 343 vidvAna hato. eNe "pAparA' nAme vyAga (eka prakAranuM rUpaka) racyo che. . 43-58 mAM vastupAla, tejapAla ane maladevanAM patnI-putrInI mAhitI ApI che e enI vizeSatA che. vaLI emAM anupamadevInA pitAmaha tathA pitAne paNa paricaya Apyo che. Abu para A maMdiranA nibhAva tathA utsavAne lagato je zilAlekha che, temAM maMdiranI saMbhALa jeone soMpavAmAM AvelI temAM tejapAlanA kuTuMba uparAMta anupamadevonuM pitRkula je (AbunI taLeTImAM Avela) caMdrAvatImAM raheluM hatuM tene paNa samAveza thato hato.42 e lekhamAM maMdirano paricaya abudAcala uparanA daulavADA (delavADA) gAmanA lUNasiMhavasahikA nAme neminAthadeva-catya tarIke Apyo che.43 A parathI spaSTa thAya che ke anupamadevInuM piyera caMdrAvatImAM hatuM. AthI eNe tejapAlane Abu upara delavADAmAM maMdira baMdhAvavAnI preraNA ApI hoya e svAbhAvika che. A citya enA putra lUNasiMhanA nAme "lUNasiMhavasahikA tarIke oLakhAtuM. A samaye AbunA paramAra vaMzamAM somasiMhadeva rAjya karato hato. e mahArAjAdhirAja bhImadevano mahAmaMDalezvara hato.44 bhImadeva 1 lAnA daMDanAyaka vimale ahIM AdinAtha RSabhadevanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM hatuM. tejapAle ahIM neminAthanuM maMdira baMdhAvyuM. neminAtha 22 mA tIrthakara hatA ne yAdava kulanA hatA. A maMdirane pharato prakAra che. mokhare balAnaka (daravAjo) che. garbhagRhanI AgaLa maMDapa che. AsapAsanI bhamatImAM devakulikAo (derIo) che, jemAM koI ne koI tItha karanI pratimA birAje che. dareka devakulikA tejapAle pitAnA vizALa kuTuMbanI koI ne koI vyaktinA zreya arthe baMdhAvelI hatI evuM ene lAgatA abhilekho parathI mAlUma paDe che. A citramAM mUlagabhAro, gUDhamaMDapa ane raMgamaMDapa uparAMta hastizAlA paNa che. vacce AdIzvaranI eka moTI pratimA tathA meru parvatanI racanA che. enI baMne bAjue pAMca pAMca moTA hAthI para pAlakhImAM beThelA eka eka zrAvakanI pratimA, mahAvatanI tathA chatradharanI mUti sAthe besADIlI hatI, paraMtu hAla e pratimAo naSTa thaI gaI che. dareka hAthInI nIce te te zrAvakanuM nAma kotareluM che. temAM A lekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba caMDapa, caMDaprasAda, soma, adharAja, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #375
344 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA bhUNiga, maladeva, vastupAla, tejapAla, jaitrasiMha ane lAvaNyasiMha e dasa nAma ApelAM che. dareka hAthInI pAchaLa eka eka gokhalAmAM keTalIka UbhI mUtio kaMDArelI che. emAM e dareka mUrtinI nIce te te vyaktinuM nAma katareluM che. pahelA gokhalAmAM caMDapa ane enI patnI cAMpaladevInI, bIjA gokhalAmAM caMDaprasAda ane enI patnI cAMpaladevInI, trIjA gekhalAmAM sema ane enI patnI sItAdevInI, cothA gokhalAmAM AsarAja ane enI patnI kumAradevInI, pAMcamA gokhalAmAM lUNiga ane enI patnI lUNadevInI, chA gekhalAmAM mAladeva ane enI patnI lIlAdevI tathA pratApadevInI, sAtamA gokhalAmAM vastupAla ane enI patnI lalitAdevI tathA vejaladevInI, AThamA gekhalAmAM tejapAla ane enI patnI anupamadevInI, navamA gokhalAmAM caitrasiMha ane enI patnI jetalade, jamaNa de tathA rUpAdenI ane dasamA gokhalAmAM suhaDasiMha ane enI patnI suhaDAde tathA salakhaNAnI mUrti che. uparAMta pahelA gokhalAmAM udayaprabhasUri tathA vijayasenasUrinI mUrtio paNa che. 45 le. 66-67 mAM kavie vastupAla-tejapAlanAM sukRto(puNyakA)nI suMdara prazasti karI che. le. 69-70 mAM nAgendra gacchanA mahendrasUrithI mAMDIne vijayasenasUri nI guruziSya paraMparA gaNAvI che. e sUrio caMDapathI mAMDIne vastupAla-tejapAlanA kulaguruo hatA. tejapAle baMdhAyelA A maMdiramAM neminAthanI pratiSThA vijayasenasUrinA haste thaI. e sUri vidvAna hatA. teo nyAyazAstramAM vizArada hatA. samakAlIna lekhakoe emanI kavitvanI prazaMsA karI che. emaNe apabhraMzamAM revaMtagiri rAsura nAme kAvya raceluM, vastupAlanI giranAranI saMghayAtrAnA prasaMge.46 emanA paTTaziSya udayaprabhasUri hatA. emaNe vastupAlanI saMghayAtrA nirUpatuM "dharmAbhyadaya" athavA "saMghapaticaritra' nAme mahAkAvya racyuM che. vaLI vastupAlanI prazastirUpe "sukRtakIrti kalelinI' ane "vastupAla-stuti nAme be prazastikAvya paNa racyAM che.47 A suMdara vistuta prazasti racanAra kavi somezvaradeva gurjarezvara-purohita tarIke jANIto che. e caulukya rAjAone kulaparaMparAgata purohita hatA. aNahilavADanA caulukya rAjA bhImadeva pAsethI dhoLakAnA caulukya rANuM vIradhavala pAse vastupAla-tejapAlanI mahAmAtya tarIke niyukti karAvavAmAM somezvara For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #376
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha 34pa devane sakriya phALo hato. enA pUrvajo cheka mUlarAja 1 lAnA samayathI caulukya vaMzanA purohita hatA.48 eNe be mahAkAvya racyAM che - "suratsava" ane kIrtikaumudI." emAMnuM bIjuM mahAmAtya vastupAlanI kIrtigAthA nirUpe che. 'ullAgharAghava" nATakamAM tathA "rAmazataka' nAme zatakakAvyamAM kavie rAmano mahimA gAya che. ene "karNAmRtaprapA" nAme subhASita saMgraha che. giranAra tathA zatruMjayanI maMdiranirmANane lagatI prazastiomAM somezvara-kRta zleka udAhata karavAmAM AvyA che.49 AgaLa jatAM A kavie DabhoInA vedyanAtha mahAdevanA maMdirane lagatA zilAlekhamAM gurjarezvara vIsaladevanI prazasti karI che.50 74 zlokomAM racelI A prazastimAM somezvaradeva AryA, zArdUlavikrIDita, anuSNubha, vasaMtatilakA, upajAti, raddhatA, indravajI ane maMdAkrAMtA, zikhariNI, stragdharA, mAlinI, zAlinI ane iMdravaMzA evA 13 chaMdone vattAocho upayoga karyo che. enI racanAmAM yamaka ane anuprAsa e baMne zabdAlaMkAra ThekaThekANe najare paDe che. vaLI upamA, virodha, rUpaka, paryAyakta, pratIpa, zleSa, kAvyaviMga, vyatireka Adi arthAlaMkAra paNa prayojAyA che. keTalAka zlokomAM kavinI kalpanAvihAra tathA kAvyocita nirUpaNano camakRti jaNAya che, jyAre keTalAkamAM piSTapeSaNa ane asaMbaMdhatAya lAge che. chatAM e kaMdare A prazasti kItikaumudInA kartAne zobhe tevI rucira che. A prazastinI niti vi. saM. 1287 nA phAgaNa vadi 3 ne ravivAranI che. A mitie tArIkha kacha mArca, I. sa. 1230 hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che.pa1 A tithi-vAra vi. saM. 1287 ne vartamAna varSa gaNa gata varSa 1286 letAM baMdha bese che. - tejapAla vi. saM. 1276 mAM dhavalakakaka(dhoLakA)mAM amAtya nimAye hato, jyAre tyAM caulukya rANo varadhavala rAjaya karato hato. A maMdira tejapAle vi. saM. 1286(gata)mAM baMdhAvyuM. ene sthapati zobhanadeva hato.para A maMdiranA nibhAva mATe AbunA roja somasiMhe eka gAma dAnamAM dIdhuM.pa3 vi. saM1294 mAM viradhavala pachI eno putra vIsaladeva dhoLakAno rANo tha. vi. saM. 1296 mAM vastupAlanuM mRtyu thatAM tejapAla mahAmAtya nimAyA. vi. saM. 1300 mAM aNahilavADamAM mUlarAja 1 lAnA vaMzano aMta AvatAM vIsaladeve tyAM jaI gujarezvaranuM pada dhAraNa karyuM. vi. saM. 1304 mAM tejapAla mRtyu pAme. vi. saM. 131 sudhI purohita somezvara hayAta hato. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #377
346 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA abhilekhanuM siMhAvalokana bhAratanA (ane emAM vizeSataH gujarAtanA) prAcIna saMkhyAbaMdha prAkRtasaMskRta abhilekho paikInA keTalAka abhilekhono namUnA tarIke ahIM abhyAsa karyo. A abhilekhomAM padArtha tathA vidhyanI daSTie ThIka ThIka vaividhya raheluM che. emAM mukhya zilAlekha ane tAmrapatra che. zilAlekhamAM keTalAka zailalekha che-azokane zalAlekha naM. 2, 12 ane 13, mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno jUnAgaDha zailalekha ane skaMdaguptane jUnAgaDha zailalekha. keTalAka sta'bhalekha che-azoka staMbhalekha naM. 2, besanagara garuDa staMbhalekha, huvichakanA samayano mathurA staMbhalekha, samudraguptane alAhAbAda staMbhalekha, caMdragupta rajAnA samayano mathurA staMbhalekha ane bhAnuguptanA samayanI eraNa staMbhalekha. keTalAka guphAlekha che-khAravelano udayagiri hAthIguphA lekha ane gautamIputra zAtakarNanA nAsika guphAlekha. kumAragupta 2 jAnI mudrA dhAtunI che. keTalAMka tAmrapatra che-harSanuM bAMsakheDA tAmrapatra ane jayabhaTa 4 thAnuM kAvI tAmrapatra. jayasiMhadevane dAhoda zilAlekha ane tejapAlane Abu-delavADA zilAlekha A paththara para kotarelA lekhanA namUnA che. azokanA abhilekhomAM zailalekha naM. 2 mAM rAjAnAM paramArtha kAryono vRttAMta neMdhAyo che. zailalekha naM. 12 mAM enuM dharmAnuzAsana che, zilAlekha naM. 13 mAM kali gayuddha nimitta azokane thayelA hRdayapalaTAnuM nirUpaNa tathA dharmAnuzAsana che, to staMbhalekha naM. 2 mAM dharmAnuzAsana (dharmopadeza) che." keTalAka abhilekha maMdiranuM nirmANa ane/athavA mUrtinI pratiSThA vize che-besanagara garUDa staMbhalekha, caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayanI mathurA staMbhalekha, jayasihadevano dAhoda zilAlekha ane tejapAlane AbundelavADA zilAlekha. AmAMnA chelA be lekhomAM prazastino paNa samAveza thAya che. keTalAka lekha guphAonA nirmANa ane/athavA nirvAhane lagatA che-khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha ane gautamIputra zAtakaNinA nAsika guphAlekha. haviSkano mathurA staMbhalekha puNyazAlAnA nibhAva mATe karAyelA dravyadAnane lagata che. jUnAgaDhanA be zailalekha jaLAzayanA baMdhanA jIrNoddhAra vize che. samudraguptane alAhAbAda staMbhalekha enI prazastine mATe ja lakhAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #378
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha bhAnuguptanA samayano eraNa zilAtaMbha lekha enI vidhavA satI thayAnI yAdagIrI mATeno che. ddhAnA mRtyunI tathA kumAragupta 2 nAnI bhitarI mudrA rAjamudrAnA namUnArUpa che. harSa, dharasena ra je ane jyabhaTa 4 thAnAM tAmrapatro para bhUmidAnane lagatAM rAjazAsana ketarAyAM che. AmAMnA aneka abhilebamAM paNa prazastine ThIka ThIka samAveza thAya che, jema ke khAravelanA hAthIguphA lekhamAM, mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDha zilAlekhamAM tathA skaMdaguptanA jUnAgaDha paulalekhamAM ane traNeya dAnazAsanamAM. Ama A abhilekhomAM enA padArtha uparAMta emAM nirUpelA viSayanuM paNa ThIkaThIka vaividhya raheluM che. pAdaTIpe 1. P. 158. enA saMpAdaka zrI. ha. ha. dhruva che. enI puravaNI Do. nyUlare karI che. vaLI juo gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhAga. 3, lekha 144 ka. 2. du. ke. zAstrI, "gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa," pR. 271-290 3. ejana, pU. ra72 4. ejana, pR. 277 5, ejana, pR. 285-286 6. ejana, pR. 288 7. dAhodane hiMdamAM vAdra kahe che. ahIM mALavA ane gujarAta e hai (be) pradezonI dara maLe che ene laIne A nAma paDayuM manAya che e yathArtha nathI. dAhodane saMbaMdha "dadhipadra sAthe che. 8. du. ke. zAstrI, uparyukta, pR. 294 9. ejana, pR. 294-25 10. ejana, pR. ra94 11, A. K. Majumdar, "Chaulukyas of Gujarat", p. 81 12. gujarAtane madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, pR. 295 13. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 3, lekha 144 ka, pR. 163 14, ejana, pR. 162 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #379
348 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 15. gujarAtano sAMskRtika itihAsa, khaMDa 1, pR. 102, TI. 1 16. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha, bhAga 3, lekha 216 17. gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, pR. 286, TI. 3 18-19. ejana, pR. 312-323 20 ejana, pR. 324 21-22. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha, bhA. 3, lekha 144 ka, pR. 161 ra3. I. E, p. 411 24. kaDavA IndrajavanuM vRkSa. enAM puSpa veta ane sugaMdhIdAra hoya che (bApAlAla ga. vaidya, "saMskRta sAhityamAM vanaspati", pR. 193-195). 25. arthAta ene yaza digaMta sudhI prasaryo che. 26. artha = (1) dravya, (2) Meaning 27. sUtra = (1) doraDAM, (2) nItinAM satra 28. majAI baheno 29. ghana = (1) gADha, (2) vAdaLa (rUpI) 30. pakSa = (1) bAju, (2) pAMkha; bhUbhUta = (1) rAjA, (2) parvata 31. arthAta e vidyAmAM tema ja dAnamAM sarakhe nAmAMkita che. 32. guNa = (1) dore, (2) sAruM lakSaNa 33. DhaMkAyela nathI. 34-35 ahIM leSa che. phala= (1) phaLa, (2) pariNAma 36. sUtradhAra (salATa) 37. A maMdiranA gUDhamaMDapanA mukhya daravAjAnI be bAjue be suMdara gokhalA che. joke ene "derANI-jeThANInA gokhalA tarIke oLakhe che. paraMtu kharI rIte e tejapAle potAnI bIjI patnI suhaDAdevInA zreya arthe baMdhAvelA che. AthI ene "suhaDAdevInA gokhalA' kahevAya. 38. lekha naM. 167 39. "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha"nA bhAga 3 mAM A lekha (naM. 206) AraMbhamAM Apela che. Yo. A. K. Majumdar, "Chaulukys of Gujarat", pp. 454 f. 41, gu. ma. rA. i., pR. 395 42-44. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 168 45, jayaMtavijayajI, "AbU", bhAga 1, pR. 118-120 46. bho. ja. sAMDesarA, "mahAmAtya vastupAlanuM sAhityamaMDaLa tathA saMskRta sAhityamAM tene phALo", pR. 99 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #380
sAlakI rAjyanA zilAlekha 47, ejana, pR. 100-01 48. ejana, pR. 62-66 49. puNyavijayajI, mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa jayaMtI aMka," bhAga 2, pR. 302; gi. va. AcArya, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekheA,'' bhA. 3, lekha 207 ane 209 50. gi. va. AcAya, ejana, bhAga 3, lekha 215 51. ejana, bhA. ra, lekha 167, pR. 123 para. 6. ke. zAstrI, gujarAtanA madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa', pR. 449 53, gi. va. AcAya, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA', bhA. 2, lekha 168 For Personal & Private Use Only 349

Page #381
18. abhilekhAnuM aitihAsika mahattva bhAratanA rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsanA adhyayana, saMzodhana ane nirUpaNa mATe abhilekho e eka ghaNuM mahattvanuM sAdhana che. lekhanakalAnA sAdhananI pahelAMnI prAgaitihAsika saMskRtinA anveSaNa mATe purAvazeSo para ja AdhAra rAkhavo paDe che. Adya-etihAsika kAlanI saMskRtinA adhyayana mATe keTalAMka likhita ke abhilikhita sAdhana upalabdha hoya che, paraMtu pUratA pramANamAM ane nizcita samayAMkana sAthe nahi. dA. ta. harappIya sabhyatAnAM khaMDeromAMthI hajAre abhilikhita mudrAo maLI che, paraMtu e abhilekho hajI saMtoSakAraka rIte UkalatA na hoI, e sabhyatAnA lokonAM jAti, bhASA, dharma vagere sunizcita thaI zakatuM nathI. evI rIte vaidika sAhityamAM bhAratIya AryonAM dhArmika (ane keTaleka aMze sAmAjika) vicAro tathA kriyAo vize vipula mAhitI maLe che. paraMtu enuM cokkasa samayAMkana karavuM muzkela che. purANomAM bhAratanA aneka prAcIna rAjavaMzono vRttAMta nirUpAya che, paraMtu I. sa. pU. 6 ThThI sadI pahelAMnA rAjavaMzanA vRttAMtanI aitihAsikatA hajI pratipAdita thaI zakatI nathI, khAsa karIne te te samayanA abhilekhonA samakAlIna purAvAnA abhAve. rAjakIya itihAsa prAcIna abhilekhonA AdhAre bhagavAna buddha ane mahAvIra svAmInI aitihAsikatA pratipAdita thatAM magadhanA rAjA biMbisAra sudhInA rAjAonI aitihAsikatA svIkArAI zake che. naMdavaMzanA abhilekha maLyA nathI, paraMtu anakAlIna khAravelanA guphAlekhamAM e vaMzane lagatA be cakkasa nirdeza thayelA che. mauryakAlathI samakAlIna abhilekhone purA sAMpaDato jAya che ne maurya, zuMga, AMdha, AMdhrabhRtya ane gupta jevA prAcIna vaMzane lagatA parANika vRttAMtane sapramANa TharAve che, For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #382
solaMkI rAjyanA zilAlekha 351 bIjA keTalAka prAcIna rAjavaMza tathA rAjAo vize mukhya mAhitI abhilekho ja pUrI pADe che. dA. ta. bhAratIya-yavana rAjAo, zaka-padUlavA rAjAo, kuSANa rAjAo, uttarI kSatrapa, pazcimI kSatrapa, sAtavAhana rAjAo, AMdhra dezanA ittvAku rAjAo, gupta samrATa, maitraka rAjAo, maukhari rAjAo, vAkATaka rAjAo, palava rAjAo, kadaMba rAjAo, gaMga rAjavaMzo, pratIhAra rAjAo, cAlukya rAjAo, rASTrakUTa rAjAo, pAla ane sena vaMzanA rAjAo, cAhamAna, paramAra ane caulukaya vaMzanA rAjAo, guhila rAjAo, devagirinA yAdava rAjAo, ke kaNanA zilAhAra rAjAo vagere. keTalAka rAjAe tathA rAjavaMze to abhilekha dvArA ja prakAzamAM AvyA che, jema ke vidizAno rAjA bhAgabhadra, kaliMgane rAjA khAravela, yazodharmA viSNuvardhana vagere. upara jaNAvelA rAjavaMzo paikI koIka ja rAjavaMzanI vigatavAra mAhitI purANomAM upalabdha che, bAkInA badhA rAjavaMzonI vigatavAra mAhitI teonA abhilekho parathI ja jANavA maLI che. mauya samrATa azoka, kuSANa rAjA kaNikka 1 lo, rAjA kSatrapa nahapAnane jamAI upavarAta, rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmA, gautamIputra zAtakaNi, gupta samrATa samudragupta, vAkATaka rANI prabhAvatIguptA, maukhari rAjA mahAsenagupta, cAlukya rAjA pulakezI 2 je, pallava rAjA mahendravarmA 1 le, rASTrakUTa rAjA goviMdarAja 3 je, pratihAra rAjA mihirabhoja, pAla nareza dharmapAla, ceLa samrATa rAjarAja, pAMDave rAjA mAravarmA kulazekhara ityAdi aneka rAjAonI siddhio teonA abhilekhomAM ApelI prazastio parathI ja jANavA maLI che. girinagaranuM sudarzana taLAva, dazapuranuM sUryamaMdira, nAsikanI guphAo, nAgAjunIkeDanAM caityagRho, viSNupada giri viSNudhvaja, airikiNa(eraNa) viSNumaMdira, maitraka rAjAonA bhUmidAna, somanAtha maMdiranA jIrNoddhAra, AnaMdapuranA vapranuM nirmANa ItyAdi banAvonI mAhitI abhilekhomAM noMdhAI hovAthI jaLavAI rahI che. AvA aneka rAjAonAM parAkrama, dAna ane pUrtakAryonI mAhitI teonA abhilekhomAMthI ja upalabdha thAya che. vaLI anya rAjAo sAthenI teonI samakAlInatA teo vaccenA sArAnarasA saMbaMdha, teonAM rAjyano vistAra, teonA adhikArIo, teonA kuTuMba parivAra ityAdinI mAhitI paNa mukhyatve teonA abhilekhomAMthI jANavA maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #383
352 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA purANamAM gaNAvelA rAjavaMzanI sapramANatA, AnupUvI ane sAlavArI nakkI karI tema ja purANomAM nahi noMdhAyelA pachInA anekAneka prAdezika rAjavaMzane prakAzamAM lAvI teonA dezakAla nizcita karI, e sahu rAjya tathA rAjavaMzane silasilAbaMdha itihAsa taiyAra karavAmAM abhilekhAe ghaNo mahattvano phALo Apyo che. bhAratane ane bhAratanA judA judA pradezane je ItihAsa hAla upalabdha thayo che, temAM abhilekhonI sAdhanasAmagrI maLI na hota to emAMnA aneka rAjavaMza, saMkhyAbaMdha rAjAo, anekAneka adhikArIo ane ghaNA badhA banAvonI vigata samULI ke moTe bhAge ajJAta rahI hota. abhilekhoe bhAratanA aneka rAjavaMza tathA rAjAo vize vipula ane sapramANa mAhitI pUrI pADI che. rAjyataMtra kauTilyanA "arthazAstra' parathI mauryakAlIna rAjayataMtrane lagatI sAmAnya siddhAMta jANavA maLe che, paraMtu emAMnI keTalIka bAbatone lagatI nakkara mAhitI azokanA abhilekho parathI prApta thAya che, jemake yukta, rajajuka ane prAdezika jevA ucca adhikArIo, dharma-mahAmAtro ane dhyedhyakSo jevA adhikArI-vargo, gaMdhAra, kabaja, AMdhra, puliMda vagere vahIvaTI vibhAge, coLa, pAMDatha, keralaputra ane tAmrapaNI jevAM paDozI rAjyo vagere. yaudheya, mAlava, arjunAyana, mAdraka, AbhIra, licchavi ItyAdi gaNarAjyanI nakkara mAhitI abhilekho tathA sikkAo pUrI pADe che mahAsAmaMta, mahAmAtya, mahAdaMDanAyaka, mahAsAMdhivivigrahika, uparika, kumArAmAtya, rAjasthAnIya, mahAlapaTalika, mahApratIhAra, daMDapAzika, dazAparAdhika, nagarAdhyakSa, drAMgika, pramAtA, balAdhikRta, viSayapati, mahattara, zaukika, rASTrakUTa, grAmakUTa Ayuktaka, viniyuktaka, dUtaka ityAdi aneka moTA nAnA adhikArIonA hoddAo vize tema ja emAMnA keTalAka hoddAo dharAvatI vyaktio vize abhilekho mAMthI mAhitI maLe che. 1 judAM judAM rAjyamAM judA judA kALa daramyAna rASTra, bhuti, maMDala, viSaya, AhAra, pathaka, sthalI, nagara, grAma ityAdi meTAnAnA vahIvaTI vibhAgo pracalita hatA, temAMnA ghaNA vibhAgo tathA peTA-vibhAgonI vigato dAnazAsano vagere parathI jANavA maLe che, jema ke gupta sAmrAjya, maitraka rAjaya, rASTrakUTa rAjya ane solaMkI rAjyanA vahIvaTI vibhAgo. pUrva bhAratamAM puDDavardhana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #384
abhilekhonuM aitihAsika mahatva 353 -bhaktimAM koTivarSa viSaya nAme vahIvaTI vibhAga hatomaitraka rAjayamAM kauDinyapura, kheTaka, mAlavaka, zivabhAgapura, suryApura, bharukaccha, katAragAma ane gharAya jevA viSaya hatA, hastavapra ane kheTaka jevA AhAra hatA, surASTradezamAM dhasaraka, kAlApaka ane rahANuka jevA pathaka hatA, kheTaka AhAramAM barDAri jidri, kaNaka, siMhapalikA, nagaraka ane u5laheTa jevA pathaka hatA, surASTradezamAM biTavakhAta, jhari, niMbakUpa, kadaMbapaddha, vaTAlikA, puNyAnaka, vaTanagara, AnumaMcha vagere sthalIo hatI. je dakSiNa gujarAtanA rASTrakUTa rAjayamAM lATa deza, beTaka maMDala, katAragrAma viSaya, kAkula viSaya, harSapura-750, karpaTavANijya-84, aMkodaka-84, saMjANa-14, tailATaka-2, kama-tapura -116, variavi-116, sIharakhi-12, mAhiSaka-42, kahavala AhAra, nna AhAra vagere moTAnAnA vibhAga hatA;3 caulukya (solaMkI) rAjyamAM sArasvata, satyapura, kaccha, saurASTra, kheTaka, narmadAtaTa, dadhipradra, avaMti, medapATa vagere maMDala hatAM, dhANada, viSaya, daMDAhI, vAlukya, gaMbhUtA, vaddhi ane cAlisA jevA pathaka hatA tema ja 144, 104, 84, 42, 26, ane 12 gAmanA vahIvaTI vibhAga paNa hatA. A evI rIte abhilekhomAM, khAsa karIne dAnazAsanamAM, vividha karaverAone ullekha Ave che, dA. ta. bali, bhAga, kara, zuka, bhoga, udvega, uparikara, hiraNya, dazAparAdha, bhUta, vAta, viSTi ityAdi. dAnanA pratigrahItAne mATe karamukti, cATabhaTanA pagapesArAnI ke anya rAjapurUnI DakhalagIrInI manAI kheDavA kheDAvavA bhogavavA ke suparata karavAno adhikAra vagereno paNa prabaMdha karAto. bhUmichidra, akSaya-nIvI, dharmadAya, brahmadAya, devadAya ityAdi dAna-paddhati tathA bhogavaTAnA prakAranA nirdeza Ave che. 5 vaLI bhUmidAnane lagatAM rAjazAsana parathI bhUmi-bApanI judIjudI paddhatio pracalita hovAnuM jANavA maLe che, jema ke daMDa, kelu, hasta, nivartana, gecama, pAdAvata.8 hala, kulyavApaH droNavApa, 10 ADhavApa,11 piTakavAya, 12 unmAna, 13 khArI,14 viMzopaka, vATI, 15 mAna, 1 guMTha, 17 hAda (pAda), 18 kama ke kaba 19 pADaLa (pATaka), kulI, velI vagere. 20 bhaugolika ulekhe rAjakIya ItihAsanA saMdarbhamAM ghaNI vAra AsapAsanAM anya rAjane ullekha Ave che, ne dAna vagere kAryonA saMdarbhamAM te te rAjyanI aMtargata 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #385
354. bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA sthaLone paNa ullekha Ave che. maurya rAjA azokanA abhilekhAmAM AvatA ullekho parathI enA rAjayanI aMdara AvelA yavana, kaMbeja, gaMdhAra vagere pradeza uparAMta enA rAjyanI bahAra AvelAM caLa, pAMDava vagere rAjyone paNa khyAla Ave che. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmA 1 lo tathA vAsiSThIputra puLamAvinA abhilekha parathI bIjI sadImAM pazcima bhAnamAM AvelA Akara, avaMti, anupa, Anarta, surASTra. zvabhra, maru, kaccha, sidhu, sauvIra, kukura, aparAMta, niSAda, RSika, azmaka, mUlaka ane vidarbha jevA pradezane paricaya thAya che. samudraguptanA alAhAbAda staMbhalekhamAM dakSiNApathanA aneka rAjya(jevAM ke kesala, piSTapura, kAMcI, veMgI vagere)ne ullekha maLe che. maitraka tathA solaMkI rAjyanAM dAnazAsanamAM te te rAjyanA ghaNuM vahIvaTI vibhAgo tathA peTAvibhAgano tema ja anekAneka moTAMnAnAM nagaro tathA gAmone nirdeza prApta thAya che. Ama abhilekhamAMnA bhaugolika ullekha che te samayanI aitihAsika bhUgalanA abhyAsa mATe mahatvanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. kAlagaNanA ane samayAMkana - prAcIna samayamAM kaI ghaTanA kyAre banI ne ko rAjA kyAre rAjya karato hato te jANavA mATenuM mukhya sAdhana abhilekho che. te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlamAM samayanirdeza thayo hoya to te sApekSa kAlAnukrama mATe upayogI nIvaDe che. saLaMga saMvatanAM varSa ApelAM hoya ne e saMvata nakkI hoya ke nakakI thaI zakato hoya, te to te rAjAne tathA te ghaTanAne cokkasa samaya jANI zakAya che. kSatrapa rAjAo tathA gupta samrATonI sAlavArI abhilekhamAM ApelAM varSo parathI nakkI thaI che. vaLI samayanidezamAM ApelI vigato parathI te te samaye saMvata, varSa, mAsa, pakSa, tithi, Rtu, adhika mAsa, parva, vAra, saMvatsara ityAdine lagatI kAlagaNanAnI kaI kaI paddhati pracalita hatI te paNa jANavA maLe che. ghaNuM abhilekho samayanirdeza dharAvatA hoI itihAsanI karoDarajaju gaNAya evA samayAMkana mATe e ghaNuM upayogI sAdhana nIvaDyA che. je lekhamAM kaMI samayanirdeza na hoya, te lekhanI lipinA mareDa parathI enuM sAmAnya samayAMkana thaI zake che ne enA AdhAre e ghaTanAone aMdAjI samaya AMkI zakAya che. dhama | bhAratanA ghaNuM abhilekha dharma-dAnane lagatA tathA maMdira-nirmANane lagatA hoI emAM te te samayanA dharmasaMpradAya, devAlaya, mahaMto, brAhmaNo vagerenI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #386
355 abhilekhenuM aitihAsika mahatva ghaNu vigato ApelI hoya che, e te dharmasaMpradAya, dharmasthAne, dharmapuruSe ne brAhmaNanA ItihAsa mATe ghaNI upayogI mAhitI pUrI pADe che. maurya rAjA azokanA abhilekhamAM dharmAnuzAsana uparAMta dharma-mahAmAtra nI niyukti, dharma-saMpradAya taraphanuM udAra valaNa, brAhmaNo tathA zramaNo tarapha sadvartAva ityAdino ullekha Ave che; vaLI bauddha saMdhanI akhaMDitatA, bauddha tIrthonI yAtrA, bauddha dharmagraMthonI bhalAmaNa tathA AjIvikene karelA guphAdAnanI mAhitI Ave che. AgaLa jatAM bauddha stUpa, vihAre ane caityagrahanA nirmANa tathA nibhAvane lagatA aneka ullekha maLe che. dA. ta. zAmaLAjI (ji. sAbarakAMThA) pAse devanI morInA TIMbAmAM maLelA bauddha stUpamAMnA zaila-samugaka (paththaranA dAbaDA) paranA lekhamAM e stUpanA nirmANanI tathA e samadanakanI mAhitI ApI che. 21 valabhInA maitraka rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM aneka bauddha vihArono ullekha Ave che. saurASTranI zaila-ukIrNa guphAomAM AvA abhilekha kotarAyA na hoI enA nirmANa vize kaMI cokkasa mAhitI maLatI nathI. asthipAtro ane staMbho paranA lekhenI jema pratimAo paranA lekhomAMthI paNa bauddha caityagRho tathA pratimAo vize mAhitI prApta thAya che. 23 azakanA abhilekhAmAM nigraMtha (jaina) tathA AjIvika saMpradAyanA ullekha Ave che. orissAnA udayagiri-khaMDagirinI guphAomAM rAja khAravela, enI paTarANI vagerenA lekha katarelA che, te parathI jaina zramaNo mATe kaMDArelI e gakAonA nirmANanI mAhitI maLe che. 24 mathurA pAse maLelI tIrthakaronI aneka pratimAo para te te pratimA karAvanAranI mAhitI ApI che.ra5 gujarAta ane rAjasthAnamAM aneka prAcIna jaina pratimAo para AvA lekha katarelA che. 24 akoTA(vaDodarA)mAM AvI aneka dhAtu-pratimAo maLI che. 27 cAlukaya rAjA pulakezI 2 jAnA samayamAM ravikItie karAvelA jinAlayano aihaLa lekha jANu che.27e Abu, zatruMjaya, giranAra vagere jaina tIrthonAM maMdiramAM maMdira-nirmANa tathA pratimA-pratiSThAne lagatA saMkhyAbaMdha lekha kotarelA che. mukhya devAlayane pharatI bhamatImAMnI devakulikAonuM nirmANa konA kenA zreya arthe thayeluM tene lagatA lekha maLe che. amadAvAdamAM zeTha haThIsiMhe baMdhAvelA derAsaranA nimaNane lagatA vRttAMta tyAMnA saMskRta zilAlekhamAM 28 tathA gujarAtI zilAlekhamAM ApavAmAM Avyo che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #387
pa bhAratIya abhilekhavidhA '' hiMdu dharmanAM maMdiranuM nirmANa, pratimAonI pratiSThA ane maMdiranA jIrNoddhArane lagatI vipula mAhitI abhilekhAmAMthI prApta thAya che. yavana dUta heliodara vidizAmAM karAvelo garuDadhvaja 29 uditAcAryo mathurAmAM karAvelI upamitezvara ane kapilezvaranI pratiSThA 30 pATalIputranA vIrasene udayagiri(ma. pra)mAM karAvelI zaiva guphA.31 caMdra nAme rAjAe viSNupada giri para karAvele viSNudhvaja, dazapuramAM paTTavAnI zreNIe baMdhAveluM sUrya maMdira,33 mAtRviSNu ane dhanyaviSNue eraNa(ma. pra.)mAM karAvelo viSaNune svajastaMbha,34 dhanyaviSNue eraNAma. pra)mAM karAvelo nArAyaNane zilAprAsAda,3pa hUNa rAjA mihiskulanA samayamAM mAtRce. gopagiri(gvAliyara)mAM karAvo sUryane zailamaya prAsAda, 36 uttarakAlIna gupta rAja Adityasene karAveluM viSNumaMdira,37 maukhari rAjA IzAnavamanA samayamAM sUryavarmAe karAvelo zivAlayano jIrNoddhAra,38 bhAva bRhaspatinI preraNAthI selaMkI rAjA kumArapAle karAvelo prabhAsanA somanAtha maMdirano jIrNoddhAra,39 prabhAsamAM zrIdhare baMdhAvelAM maMdire 40 vIsaladevanA samayamAM DabhoImAM thayeluM vaidyanAtha mahAdevanuM maMdira,41 AbunA paramAra rAjA samarasiMhe karAvelo acalezvara maThane cha. dvAra,42 saurASTranA sUbA sAmaMtasihe karAvelo dvArakAnA raste AvatA revatIkuMDane jIrNoddhAra vagere. bhUmidAnane lagatAM dAnazAsane parathI keTalIka vAra maMdironA nimaNanI mAhitI maLe che, jemake selaMkI rAjA bhImadeva ra jAnAM dAnazAsanamAM AvatA ulekha parathI. rANI lIlAdevIe lIlAparamAM karAvelAM bhImezvara ane lIlezvaranAM maMdira,44 maMDalImAM mUladeva 1 lAe baMdhAveluM bhUlezvara maMdira,4pa salakhaNapuramAM rANA lUNapasAke (lavaNaprasAde) karAvelAM Analezvara ane salakhaNezvaranAM maMdira,85 ane lavaNaprasAdanA putra vIrame ghUsaDI (vIramagAma)mAM karAvelAM viramezvara tathA sUmalezvaranAM maMdira.47 skraguptanA samayamAM girinagaranA nagarapAlaka cakrapAlite tyAM cAdhArI viSNunuM uttuMga maMdira baMdhAveluM e enA zailalekhathI jANavA maLyuM che.48 - bhAratamAM samaya jatAM saMkhyAbaMdha maMdira baMdhAyAM, jemAMnA keTalAMka kALabaLe samULAM naSTa thaI gayAM, keTalAkanuM navanirmANa thayuM ne keTalAMka AkhAM ke khaMDita dazAmAM mojUda rahelAM che. AmAMnAM keTalAMka lupta tathA vartamAna maMdira kyAre teNe baMdhAvelAM enI jANa abhilekho parathI thAya che. emAMnI mukhya For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #388
abhilekhAnu aitihAsika mahattva 357 pratimA kayAre koNe sthApAvelI e paNa evI rIte abhilekhA parathI jANavA maLe che. vaLI keTalAka prAcIna abhilekhA te te dharmasa MpradAyanI prAcInatA darzAvavA mATe upayeAmI nIvaDavA che, jema ke heliyAdAranA garuDa staMbha bhAgavata sa'pradAyanI prAcInatA mATe ane caMdragupta 2 jAnA samayane mathurA staMbhalekha pAzupata saMpradAyanI prAcInatA mATe. madaseAranA abhiSekhamAM ulikhita kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayamAM dazapuramAM baMdhAyeluM sUrya ma Mdira e bhAratanAM prAcIna sUrya madirAnA itihAsamAM gaNanApAtra che. abhilekhA parathI madirA uparAMta maThanI tema ja maMdiA ane maThAnA keTalAka mahetAnI mAhitI maLe che. dA. ta. prabhAsanA sAmezvara maMdiranA gaMDa' bhAva bRhaspati,49 maMDalInA maDhanA sthapati vedagabha rAzi,50 prabhAsanA sAmanAtha maMdiranA vizvezvararAzi 11 ane tripurAMtaka, 52 ane acalagaDhamAM madiza baMdhAvanAra kedArarAzi,paraa bhAratamAM yana-prathA cheka veda kAlathI pracalita hatI. abhilekhAmAM ene lagatA ullekha Arabhika IsvI sadIethI prApta thAya che. dA. ta. baDavA(rAjasthAna)mAM trIjI sadInA traNa yupa-lekha maLyA che, jemAMnA darekamAM sahasra gAyeAnA dAnanI hakIkata naiAMdhavAmAM AvI che.53 ayeAdhyA lekhamAM puSyamitra zu Mge e azvamedha yajJa karAvyAnA ullekha che.14 'mahAbhASya' ane 'mAlavikAgnimitra'mAM AvatA ullekhAne AnAthI sabaLa samathana maLe che. dakhkhaNunA sAtavAhana rAjAe tathA vAkATaka rAjAoe yajJA karAvyAnA ullekha abhilekhAmAM maLe che.pa6mAM azvamedha uparAMta agniTAma, vAjapeya, jAtibhrama, bRhaspatisava vagere yajJAnA paNa samAveza thAya che. gupta samrATa samudragupte azvamedhayajJa karelA enA ullekha enA azvamedha sikkA parapa7 tema ja enA vaMzajonA abhilekhAmAM58 maLe che. dAnazAsaneAmAM dAna lenAra brAhmaNane lagatI vigatAmAM enA gAtra tathA svAdhyAyanI vigata maLe che, jema ke valabhInA maitrakAnAM dAnazAsaneAmAM AvatA ullekhA parathI Atreya, kava, kazyapa, kauzika, gAgya, gautama, mAnava, laugAkSa, vatsa, vasiSTa, zAMDilya, zArAkSi, zunaka, hArita ityAdi cALIseka gAtrAnI mAhitI maLe che.pa9 vaLI svAdhyAyanI vigato parathI brAhmaNonI vaividyonI tathA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #389
358 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA cAtuvidyonI pa ta vize jANavA maLe che. maitrakakAlIna gujarAtamAM AvI patA valabhI, Ana Mdapura, si Mhapura ane jathyUsara jevAM sthaLAe hatI. A brAhmaNeA RgvedanI khaca zAkhAnA, kRSNa yajurvedanI maitrAyaNIya ne taittirIya zAkhAnA, zukla yajurvedanI vAjasaneyI zAkhAnA, sAmavedanA chaMdoga zAkhAnA ane athava vedanI AthavaNa zAkhAnA svAdhyAya karatA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. 1 dAna ApavAnA prayojanamAM brAhmA agnihotra ane paMca mahAyajJe(brahmayajJa, devayajJa, pitRyajJa, manuSyayajJa ane bhUtayajJa)nI dhAmi`ka kriyAe karatA hovAnA ullekha Ave che e paNa nAMdhapAtra che. evI rIte devAlayane apAtA bhUmidAnanA prayojanamAM pUjA, svapana, gaMdha, dhUpa, puSpa-mANya, dIpa ityAdi tathA madiranA pAdamUla(pUjArI)nA ullekha Ave che temaja utsava-prasagAe thatAM vAgha, gIta ane nRtyanA paNa nirdeza Ave che. ra keTalAka lekhAmAM brahma-bhAjananA prabaMdha darzAvyA che. 3 bhUmidAnanA mukhya uddeza dhArmika che. bhUmidAna devAthI mAtApitAnA tathA peAtAnA puNyanI abhivRddhi thAya te peAtAne aihika tathA AmuSmika ISTakSanI prApti thAya evuM manAtuM. kSaharAta kSatrapa rAjA nahapAnanA jamAI uSavAte traNa lAkha gAyAnuM dAna dIdheluM, suvaNuMnuM dAna dIdhelu, brAhmaNeAne sALa gAmanu dAna kareluM, dara varSe lAkha brAhmAne bheAjana karAvelu, prabhAsatI'mAM brAhmaNAne kanyAdAna dIdhela, bharukaccha dazapura gAvana ane zUrpAkamAM dhamazALAo, udyAneA, taLAvA, kUvA vagere karAvelAM ne tApI vagere nadIo para mata naukA-vyavahAranA prabaMdha karAveleA.62 Ama devAlayAnI jema vApI, kUpa, taDAga, udyAna, dharmazAlA,satrAgAra ityAdi pU kArTUnA nirmANamAM paNa puNyAnaneA dhArmi ka hetu rahelA hatA. bhUmidAnanI jema suvarNa dAna, kanyAdAna, gAdAna ityAdi anya dAnene paNa mahimA mAnatA. keTalAka rAkhtao rAjyArAhaNa prasa Mge pAtAne suvaNaeN sAthe teALAvatA ne e suvarNanuM dAna detA. ene 'tulApuruSa-mahAdAna' kahetA. e prasaMge hajArA gAmAnAM dAna devAtAM.64 brAhmaNAne vasAvI grAmanu dAna devAmAM Ave tene 'aprahAra' kahetA. ApeluM dAna pachInA rAjAe paNa majUra rAkhe ne pALe e aMge bhUmidAna karanAra rAjA bhAvI rAjAone naitika anurodha karatA tema ja dAnanA anupAlanathI maLatA puNyane lagatA ane dAnanA AcchedathI lAgatA pApane lagatA purANeAnA zleAkeA dAnazAsanamAM udAta karatA. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #390
abhilekhAnu aitihAsika mahattva 359 dAna jala mUkavAnA saMkalpanI vidhi dvArA karAtuM. sUryagrahaNu, caMdragrahaNa, pUrNimA, amAvasyA, ekAdazI, akSayatRtIyA Adi padanAe da!naneA vizeSa mahimA manAtA. dAna detA pahelAM nadI snAna tathA devavaMdananu ya mahattva gaNAtuM. samudratIre ke nadItIre, khAsa karIne nadIsa MgamanA ke nadIsamudrasagamanA sthAne dAna devAne mahimA vizeSa pravata teA.6pa Ama abhilekhAmAM AvatA vividha ullekhA parathI te te samayanA dhArmi ka jIvana, dharmAMsa MpradAyA, dhArmika saMsthAo, dhArmika vaDA, dhArmika mAnyatAo ityAdi vize DIka ThIka mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. bhASA ane lipi abhilekhA te te pradezanI te te samayanI pracalita bhASA ane lipinA itihAsamAM ghaNI mahattvanI ane pramANita sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. bhAratanA ghaNA prAcIna abhilekha prAkRta bhASAmAM che. azekanA abhilekha pAli bhASAmAM che. e bhASAmAM mAgadhI bhASAnI vizeSa asara varatAya che. bhAratIya-vanA, zaka-padlA, kuSANA, khAravela, sAtavAhanA, ikSvAku, AraMbhika palave, AraMbhika ka| vagerenA abhilekhAmAM prAkRta bhASA prayAjAI che. 6 A abhilekhA parathI te te pradezamAM te te kAlamAM prAkRta bhASAnu kevuM svarUpa pracalita hatuM tene nakkara khyAla Ave che te pAli-prAkRta bhASAenA itihAsanA adhyayanamAM A sAmagrI ghaNI upayAgI nIvaDe che. a khIjI sadIthI keTalAka abhilekhAmAM saMskRta bhASAnA upayoga thavA lAgyA. zarUAtamAM saMskRtanI chAMTavALI prAkRta bhASA cha ane e pachI prAkRtanI chAMTavALI saMskRta bhASA--evI saMkramaN avasthA jovAmAM Ave che. rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAM 1 lAnA zaka varSI 7ra(I. sa. 150)nA jUnAgaDha zailalekhamAM zuddha saMskRta bhASA prayAjAI che ne te paNa ucca gadyazailImAM.69 guptakAlathI te lagabhaga sava` prAcIna abhilekha sa MskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. dakSiNa bhAratamAM chaThThI sadIthI tamiLa ane kannaDa bhASA abhilekhAmAM vaparAI che. e agAu 2 7-3 jI sadInA lekhAmAM prayeAjAyelI bhASA parathI tamiLa bhASAnA prAcIna varUpane khyAla Ave che. pAMcamI sadIthI telugu bhASA paNa abhilekhAmAM vaparAI che. A abhilekhA parathI dakSigu bhAratanI draviDakulanI bhASAonA kramika vikAsa jANavA mATe mahattvanI sAmagro maLe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #391
360 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA - evI rIte madhyakAlIna muslima abhilekhamAM arabI-phArasI bhASA vaparAI che te parathI e bhASAonI vaparAzanuM badalAtuM pramANa tathA te te zatakanAM te bhASAnAM svarUpa jANavA maLe che. - dasamI-agiyAramI sadIthI abhilekhomAM nUtana bhAratIya-Arya bhASAone arthAta ghaNI vartamAna bhAratIya bhASAono upayoga thavA lAgyo. A bhASAomAM pAMcaso hajAra varSa pahelAM lakhAyeluM sAhitya moTe bhAge anukAlIna hastapratomAM parivartana pAmelA bhASA-svarUpamAM maLe che. te te samayanA zuddha bhASA-svarUpane pATha yathAtatha bhAgyeja jaLavAI rahe che, jyAre abhilekhamAM te te te samaye kotarelAM lakhANa enA mULa svarUpe yathAtatha jaLavAyAM hoya che. AthI hiMdI, gujarAtI, marAThI, baMgALI vagere vartamAna bhASAonA AraMbhika svarUpa vize abhilekhomAMthI maLatI sapramANa sAmagrI te te bhASAnA junA svarUpanA ItihAsa mATe ghaNI upayogI nIvaDe che. dA. ta. vi. saM 1555(I. sa. 1499)mAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM svarUpa kevuM hatuM te mahamUda begaDAnA samayanA aDAlajanI vAvanA zilAlekha parathI jANavA maLe che, jema ke "zrI varasInI dhamanI rAjazrI havA mana parArtha vAvi vAvI " (zrI varasAyInI dharmapatnI rANI zrI rUDabAIe bhartAranA parArthe aDAlajamAM vAva karAvI.) vi. saM. 1687 (I. sa. 1931)nA kUA(tA. dhrAMgadhrA)nA pALiyAmAM saMvat 1687 varSe jeTha vada 11 dane jJAlA zrI lASAjI sUta sUrAjI sUta gopAlajI sUra mImanI jAcinI vahAre varakA yimAM (saMvata 16 87 varSe jeTha vada 11 dine jhAlA zrI lAkhAjI suta surAjI suta gopAlajI suta bhImajI gAyanI vahAre svargavAsI thayA.) vi. saM. 1754(I. sa. 1699)ne gaMdI(ghA pAsenA pANiyA 52 svasta 1754 varakhe caitara zIi 2 dane gohela kAnAjI lASANI gAma bhelate jhujhI devagata thaA che zrI. rAmacaraNe svata 1755 mAhA zrIda 2 derI baMdhAvI che 71 (svasti 1754 varSe caitra suda 2 dine gehila kAnajI lAkhANuM gAma bhelAtAM jhUjhI devagata thayA che. zrI rAmacaraNe saMvata 1755 caitra suda 2 derI baMdhAvI che.) vaDhavANanA vi. saM. 1833(I. sa. 1776)nA lekhamAM aMte mArA zrIthInana praNA rAvyo che7ra (mahArANA zrI pRthvIrAjajIe prAsAda karAvyuM che.) zihoranA vi. saM. 1887(I. sa. 1831)nA zilAlekhamAM svAmI zrI puruSotama sarasvatIe zrI brahmaku upara derU caNAvIne zrI brahmAnI muratInI thApanA karI che cha3 (svAmI zrI puruSottama sarasvatIe zrI brahmakuMDa upara dera For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #392
abhilekhAnu aitihAsika mahattva 361 caNAvIne zrI brahmAnI mUrtinI sthApanA karI che.)ne zu'khAdvAra kheTanA vi.sa. 1935(I. sa. 1859)nA zilAlekhamAM te che sa. 1631 vA AvaLa, vIr 12 budhenu mahArAjAdhirAja mirajAM mahArAo zrI khegArajI bAhAdurakhAM mAtuzrI bAIsAheba zrI nAnIbA jhAlIye A zrInA maMdaranu kAma tathA maMdirane sAmo zrI hanumAnajIvAlo daravAjA che te upara maz2alA benI bho baMcAcI tenuM kAma saMpUrNa karAvayu che.748 (te pachI saM. 1935nA zrAvaNa vada 12 mudde mahArAjAdhirAja mirjA mahArAva zrI kheMgArajI bahAduranAM mAtuzrI bAI sAheba zrI nAnIkhA lIe A zrInA maMdiranuM kAma tathA maMdiranA sAmeA zrI hanumAnajIvALA daravAjo che tenI upara majalA enrI bhAM baMdhAvI tenuM kAma saMpUrNa karAvyuM che.) briTiza kAla daramyAna aMgrejI, phreMca, porTugIjha, Daca vagere yurezIya bhASAonA upayeAga thayA ne briTiza hiMdamAM tema ja temAM saMlagna dezI rAjayamAM aMgrejI bhASAnA aheALA phelAvA thayA, tenuM pratibiba te samayanA abhilekhAmAM paDe che. evI rIte AjhAda bhAratamAM rASTrabhASA tathA prAdezika bhASAone upayAga vadhatA jAya che te vamAna bhASAonA vyAkaraNa, joDaNI, zabdabhaMDALa vageremAM je sudhArA-vadhArA thatA jAya che tenuM ya pratibiMba paDe che. Ama abhilekhAnA lakhANa parathI te te pradezanI te te kAlanI pracalita bhASA tathA tenAM svarUpe vize sapramANa mAhitI maLe che te te mAhitI e bhASAonA vikAsanA itihAsa taiyAra karavAmAM ghaNI upayogI nIvaDe che. evI rIte lipinA prakAre ane enA kramika vikAsanA itihAsa mATe abhilekhA ghaNu mahattvanu' sAdhana che. A bIjI sahAsrAbdInAM te te samayanAM pracalita lipi-svarUpa te+- hastalikhita graMtheAnI lipi parathI ya jANI zakAya che, para Mtu pahelI sahasrAThThInI hastalikhita pratA bhAgye ja jaLavAI hoya che. AthI e prAcIna kAlamAM judA judA pradezamAM te te samaye kevI lipi pracalita hatI tenI mAhitI mukhyatve te te samayanA abhilekheA parathI ja upalabdha thAya che. Adya-atihAsika kAlanI harappIya lipi haju UkalI nathI, paraMtu enu khAdya svarUpa jANI zakAyu che. mauyakAlIna abhilekhA parathI te kAlanI brAhmI, kharAkhI, aramaika ane grIka lipinuM svarUpa jANavA maLyu che. pachInA abhilekhA parathI judA judA pradezamAM brAhmI lipinuM kevuM rUpAMtara thatuM gayuM ne temAMthI samaya jatAM devanAgarI, gujarAtI, gALI, kannaDa, telugu vagere vata mAna lipi For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #393
362 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kevI rIte ghaDAI ene silasilAbaMdha itihAsa jANI zakAya che. mULAkSa, aMtargata svaracihno ane saMyuktAkSarone temaja aMkacihno, saMta cihno ane virAmacihnone kramika vikAsa paNa enA parathI spaSTa thayuM che. saMkhyAdarzaka paddhatiomAM prAcIna aMkacihnonI jagyAe zUnyanA cihna ane sthAnamUlyanA siddhAMtavALI dazaguNottara aMkacihnonI nUtana paddhati kayAre pracalita thaI te paNa prAcIna abhilekhamAM jovA maLe che. hiMdI, gujarAtI, baMgALI vagere bhASAo ane tamiLa, telugu vagere bhASAo be bhinna bhASAkulanI hovA chatAM te be bhASAkulonI lipio te ekaja kulanI che, brAhmI lipimAMthI ja vyutpanna thaI che e paNa uttara bhArata tathA dakSiNa bhAratanA prAcIna abhilekhenAM lipisvarUpo parathI phalita thayuM che. Ama abhilekha bhASAnI jema lipine vikAsa darzAvatuM mahatvanuM sAdhana che. prAcIna kAla mATe te e mukhyatve ekamAtra sAdhana nIvaDe che. sAhitya bhAratIya sAhityanA vikAsane itihAsa AlekhavAmAM paNa abhilekho keTaleka aMze upagI nIvaDe che. keTalAka abhilekho sAdA gadyamAM hoya che, jyAre bIjA keTalAka ucca zailInA gadyamAM ke suMdara padyamAM hoya che. mauryakAla tathA anu-moyakAlanA lagabhaga sava abhilekha sAdI sIdhI zailImAM lakhAyA che. paraMtu bIjI sadIthI abhilekhomAM keTalIka vAra kAvyaracanAnA uttama namUnA Upalabdha thAya che. rAjA mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAno jUnAgaDha zailalekha (isa. 15005 cAra pAMca sadIo pachI vikasalI jovA maLatI daMDI, bANa ane subaMdhunI ucca gadya zailIne prAcIna namUno pUro pADe che. durbhAgye e suMdara lekha racanAra kavinuM nAma ajJAta che. vAsikIputra pulumAvine varSa 1 lAno nAzika guphAlekhaka tema ja khAravelane hAthIguphA lekha7 prAkRta lekhanI gadya zailInA gaNanApAtra namUnA che. guptakAlathI kAvyamaya prazastio racanAra kavionAM nAma jANavA maLe che. samudraguptanI alAhAbAda zilAtaMbha prazasti78 racanAra hariSaNa eka ucca adhikArI hatA, paNa eNe gadya tathA padya zailIne sAre namUne Ape che. kumAragupta 1 lAnA samayanA maMdara zilAkhanI prazasti9 racanAra vatsabhaSTi e samayane siddhahasta kavi gaNAya. kaMdaguptanA samayanI "sudarzana taTAka saMskAra graMtha racanA 80 karanAra kavinuM nAma bhale ajJAta rahyuM, enI kRtimAM paNa kAvyatatvanI camatkRti najare paDe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #394
abhilekhAnuM atihAsika mahattva 363 yazodharmAnI maMdasora zilAtaMbha para kotarelI prazasti racanAra vAsule kAvyanA thoDA paNa rucira leka racyA che. valabhInA maitraka rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM ApelI rAjAonI prazastio ucca zailInA saMskRta gadyamAM racAI che. rASTraphiTa rAjAonAM dAnazAsanamAM teonI prazasti padyamAM racAI che. emAM keTalAka zloka sacira kAvyatattva dharAve che. cAlukya nareza pulakezI 2 jAnI ahaLa prazasti82 racanAra kavi ravikIrti hato, e pitAne kAlidAsa ane bhAravinI kIrti jenI kIrti prApta thayAno dAvo kare che. ahaLanuM jinAlaya e kavie baMdhAvyuM hatuM. maukhari rAjA IzAnavarmAnA harahA zilAlekhamAMnI prazasti83 ravi zAMti nAma kavinI suMdara racanA che. senavaMzI nareza vijayasenanI devapArA prazasti84 kavi umApativaranI rucikara racanA che. caMdelavaMzI rAjA dhaMganA khajurAho lekhamAM85 mAdhava kavie racelI suMdara prazasti ApelI che. dilhInA staMbha para kotarelI cAhamAna rAjA vigraharAjavIsaladevanI prazasti (vi. saM. 1rara0) zrIpati nAme gauDa kavie racelI che. - AmAMnA ghaNA kavio to A abhilekha prazastio dvArA ja prakAzamAM AvyA che. saMskRta sAhityanA itihAsamAM temAMnA keTalAka gaNanApAtra sthAna pAmyA che. gujarAtanA solaMkI rAjayanA zilAlekhomAM paNa sAhityika daSTie rucira gaNAya tevI keTalIka prazastione samAveza thAya che. mAMgaroLanA zilAlekha (vi. saM. 1202)mAM ApelI pAzupata AcArya mahApaMDita prasarvare racelI prazasti sAdhAraNa kedInI che, paraMtu siddharAjanA mAnItA kavi zrIpAle racelI AnaMdapuranA vaprane lagatI prazasti88 saMskRta sAhityamAM kAvyanA eka uttama namUnA tarIke sthAna pAme tevI che. prabhAsapATaNanA zilAlekhomAM kumArapAla tathA bhAva paraspatine lagatI prazasti rudrasUri nAme kavie racI che, temAM kAvyatattvanI svAbhAvikatA rahelI che. zrIdharanI prazasti racanAra kavinuM nAma abhilekhamAM lupta thayuM che, paraMtu e prazasti paNa kAvyanI daSTie gaNanApAtra che. gujarezvara purehita semezvaradeva e mahAmAtya vastupAlanA samayane suprasiddha kavi hatA. Abu para tejapAle baMdhAvelA neminAtha prAsAdane lagatI eNe racelI prazastiI e samayanA pracalita kAvyasvarUpane eka uttama namUno che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #395
714 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA | giranAranAra tathA zatruMjayanA e samayanA zilAlekhamAM A kavinA keTalAka loka udAhata karelA che. giranAranA anya zilAlekhamAM mAladhArI naracaMdrasUri, narendrasUri tathA udayaprabhasUrinA zloka ApelA che. DabhoInA vaidyanAtha mahAdevanI prazasti e gurjarezvara purohita somezvara devanI racanA che.91 nAnAkanI be prazastio parathI gujarAtanA be gaNanApAtra kavionI mAhitI maLe che. eka prazastino 95 racanAra hato kRSNa, je aSTAvadhAnI hatA, bAlasarasvatI' tarIke oLakhAte ne "kuvalayAdhucaritra' no karyA hatA. bIjI prazasti (vi. saM. 1328) racanAra kavi hato gaNapati nAme vyAsa, je somezvaradeva pachI e pade nimAye hato. eNe vIsaladeve karelA dhArAdhvasa" vize mahAprabaMdha paNa ra hate. sAraMgadevanA samayanI tripurAntaka prazasti 97 racanAra dharaNIdhara paNa siddhahasta kavi hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che. - abhilekhomAM AvA aneka jJAta-ajJAta kavionI suMdara sAhityika racanAo maLe che. emAMnA keTalAka kavio mAtra abhilekho dvArA jJAta thayA che. sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti abhilekhamAM te te samayanI sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti vize upayogI nIvaDe tevA keTalAka prAsaMgika ullekha Ave che, je sAhityika sAdhanomAMthI maLatI mAhitImAM pUraka bane che. A prakAranA ullekha AnuSagika ane chUTA dvAyA hoya che. dA. ta. azakanA abhilekhomAM meLAvaDAo ane mAMsAhAranI mijabAnIo, mRgayA vagere majazokha sAthenI vihArayAtrA, rAjarasoDAmAM thato mAMsAhAra, mArgo vRkSo ane kUvAone prabaMdha vagere paeNDIka sAmAjika bAbato vize AnuSaMgika ullekha Ave che. nahapAnanA samayanA guphAlekhomAM akSayanIvinA nyAsa (thApaNa) tarIke mukAtI rakama ane enA paranA vyAjanA darano nirdeza Ave che.98 - kyAreka rAjAnAM vastrAbhUSaNane, tenA rAjakezano, tenI vidyAkalAono ane tenAM paramArtha kAryono ullekha Ave che e parathI e samayanI sAmAjikaArthika sthiti vize thoDI sAmagrI upalabdha thAya che. bhAnuguptanA samayanA goparAjanA mRtyune lagatA eraNa zilAtaMbhalekha(I. sa. 510)mAM parAjanI patnI satI thayAne nirdeza Ave che 99 e te samAjika-dhArmika rivAjane lagatA prAcIna ullekhamAM mahattvanA gaNAya, . . For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #396
abhilekhenuM etihAsika mahatva 365 ghaNAkharA abhilekhone mukhya viSaya rAjakIya ke dhArmika heI, emAMthI pramANamAM AvI mAhitI ghaNuM ochI maLe che. chatAM kayAreka dharmadeyaM nimite paNa keTalIka Arthika vigato prAsaMgika rIte prApta thAya che. dA. ta. mAMgaroLanI soDhaLI vAvanA zilAlekha(vi.saM. 1202)mAM 1 0 0 vAvanA nibhAva mATe bAMdhI ApavAmAM AvelA je lAMgA jaNAvyA che temAM mAMgaroLanI dANamAMDavIno, temAMthI ApavAnA rojanA 1 kASapaNane, piThiyAnI chATa, anAja bharelA gADAno, gaI. bhanI chATano, velALIne 10 1 e samaye paNa mAMgaroLa-coravADamAM thatI nAgaravelanA pAnanI Upajana, UMTanA bhArAne, nimakanA agarano, ghata paranA lAgAno ne sopArInI Upajane ullekha Ave che. e te samayanI pedAro tathA mAla laI javAnAM sAdhane vagere mATe upayogI nIvaDe che. selaMkI rAjA bhImadeva ra jAnA vi. saM. 1287 nA dAnazAsanamAM ghI, tela, ajamo, methI, AmalI, baheDAM, maMjIThAM, kalaI, hiMga, paravALAM, caMdana, kapUra, kasturI, kuMkuma, aguru (agara), tamAlapatra, jAyaphaLa, jAvaMtrI, kApaDa, nALiyera, haraDAM, khAMDa, goLa, sAkara, maracAM, dAMta, mINa, khajUra, khAreka vagere aneka cIjono ullekha Ave che. solaMkI rAjA ajunadevanA samayanA vi. saM. 1320 ne lekhamAM 103 ghANIne nirdeza karavAmAM AvyuM che. bhUmidAnane lagatA dAnazAsanamAM kSetranA saMdarbhamAM kheDUto ane mAlikonA saMbaMdhamAM prajAnA judA judA vargo(brAhmaNa, kaNabI, vaNika, nApita, mALI vagere)ne nirdeza maLe che. sAkSIo tathA TrasTIone lagatA ulemAM paNa aneka jJAtio tathA aneka dhaMdhAdArI vargone nirdeza Ave che. vidvAna nAnAkanI prazastiomAM veda, zruti, smRti, purANa, vyAkaraNa, kAtaMtra, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, chaMdazAstra, nATaka, alaMkArazAstra ityAdi vidyAone nirdeza thayA che te e samayanI pracalita vidyAono khyAla Ape che. brAhmaNonAM gotra tathA vidyAzikSaNanAM kendro vize paNa abhilekho parathI keTalIka mAhitI upalabdha thAya che. vAstukalA ane zilpakalA ghaNA abhilekha maMdira, vAva, masjida vagerenA nirmANa ke punanirmANane lagatA hoI emAM keTalIka vAra vAstukalA (sthApatya) tathA zilpakalAnA ullekha Ave che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #397
366 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA kayAreka dazapura tathA AnaMdapura jevAM nagaranuM vistRta nirUpaNa thayuM hoya che, 104 temAM ghaNuM nirUpaNa vyApaka ane kalpanAmaya hovA chatAM emAM makAne, koTa, daravAjA vagerenA cheDA upayogI ulekha thAya che. Abu-delavADAmAM tejapAle baMdhAyelA neminAtha maMdirane lagatA prazastilekhamAM 105 maMdiranI ujajvala zilA(sapheda Arasa), UMcA maMDapane, bAvana derIone, balAnakane, dasa gajArUDha mUrtione, ane khattako (gokhalAo)mAMnI mUrtione, ullekha karelo che. guphAone lagatA lekhomAM kuTI, pratizAlA (paDasALa), pANIno TAMko vagerenA ullekha maLe che. vAvone lagatA abhilekhamAM keTalIka vAra enA koThA, jharUkhAo tathA zilpa-suzobhananA nirdeza hoya che. chatAM kahevuM joIe ke A abhilekhane mukhya viSaya kaMI ne kaMI vAstukama(bAMdhakAma)ne lagato hovA chatAM temAM e vAstunA vigatavAra varNanane jUja mahatva apAtuM, kemake lekhane mukhya uddeza to pUrvakAryanA nirmAtAnI prazasita karavAnuM rahetuM. bRhada bhArata bhAratanI AsapAsa AvelA aneka dezomAM prAcIna kALamAM bhAratIya saMskRti eTalA badhA pramANamAM prasarI hatI ne vyApaka banI hatI ke ghaNA vidvAne ene bRhad bhArata tarIke samAveza kare che. A dezamAM bhAratIya rAjAo, vepArIo, brAhmaNo ane kArIgara vasatA ne tyAM ahIMnA rItarivAje anusaratA, AthI A dezamAM bhAratIya dharma ane vAstu-zilpakalA anusAranAM maMdire, stUpa, vihAro, mUtio vagerenA saMkhyAbaMdha avazeSo maLe che temaja bhAratIya bhASAmAM lakhelA ne bhAratIya lipimAM kotarelA anekAneka abhilekha paNa prApta thAya che. A abhilekha zilAphalaka, zilAtaMbha, tAmrapatra, pratimA, ghaMTa ityAdi para katarelA che. | zrIlaMkA(silena)mAM keTalAka guphAlekha maLyA che, jemAM e guphAnuM dAna koNe kone kareluM te hakIkata prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhIne e samayanI brAhmI lipimAM katarI che. 106 madhya eziyAmAM khareSThI lipimAM ketarelA ne prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhelA aneka abhilekha maLyA che, jemAM bhAratIya saMskRti ghaNe aMze pratibiMbita thaI che. 107 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #398
abhilekhonuM aitihAsika mahattva bamAMmAM bauddha dharmanA siddhAMtone lagatA, suvarNapatro para kotarelA lekha paNa prApta thayA che. 108 A lekha pAli bhASAmAM lakhelA ne chaThThI sadInI brAhmI lipimAM katarelA che. emAM ye dhammA hetupabhavA tesaM hetu tathAgato Aha / tesaJca yo nirodho evaMvAdi mahAsamanA ti // e jANItI bauddha gAthA agrima sthAna dharAve che. emAM buddhanA ziSya assajie sAriputtane mahAzramaNa tathA gatanA matanA sAra jaNAvyuM che : "hetunA prabhavavALA je dharmo (to) che tene hetu tathAgata kahyo che, ne ene je nirodha che (te paNa kahyo che): mahAzramaNane vAda A pramANe che." A gAthA bhAratanA bauddhomAM paNa ghaNI pracalita hatI. mATInI guTikAo para A gAthA kotarAvIne bhikSuo ene harahaMmeza pitAnI pAse rAkhatA.109 bhAratanI jema A dezomAM paNa pahelAM lekha prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA ne pachI saMskRta bhASAmAM. malayadezamAM 5 mI sadInA saMrakRta lekha maLe che, je dakSiNa zailInI brAhmI lipimAM katarelA che. emAM paNa pelI gAthA ApelI che, saMskRta bhASAmAM : ye dharbhA hetuprabhavA teSAM hetu tathAgata Aha / teSAM ca yo nirodha evaMbAdI mahAzramaNaH / alabatta A bhASAmAM prAkRtanI chAMTa varatAya che. A gAthAnI sAthe eka bIje jANIto leka paNa ApavAmAM Ave che: jJAnAnvIte ja gunmanaH vArma jALam'. jJAnAnna cIyate kama kAbhAvAnna jAyate // [ajJAnathI karmane caya (saMgraha) thAya che ne karma janmanuM kAraNa che; jJAnathI kamane caya thato nathI ne karmane abhAvathI janmAtuM nathI, arthAta janma thato nathI.] hiMdI cInanA anya dezo- thAIlenDa, beDiyA, viyetanAma-mAM paNa aneka saMskRta abhilekha maLyA che. A lekhe paNa prAyaH dakSiNI zailInI brAhmI lipimAM ketarAyA che, jema ke caMpA(dakSiNa viyetanAma)mAM maLelA 2 jIthI 5 mI-6 ThThI sadInA saMskRta abhilekho.111 emAM koI lekha dAnane lagatA che, koI lekha yajJane lagatA, ne koI maMdirane lagatA che. A lekho parathI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #399
368 bhAratIya abhilekhavidhA dakSiNa bhAratanI jema A dezomAM paNa dhamamahArAja" rAjabiruda pracalita hevAnuM mAluma paDe che. lekhamAM brahmA viSNu ane mahezvara Adi devone tathA umA vagere devIone ullekha Ave che. A dezomAM zaivadharma savizeSa pracalita hato, tethI temAM mahezvaranuM prAdhAnya jovAmAM Ave che. A lekhamAM samayanirdeza prAyaH zaka saMvatanAM varSomAM ApavAmAM AvatuM. bhAratanA rAjAonI jema tyAMnA rAjAo paNa maMdira baMdhAvatA ne enA nibhAva mATe bhUmidAna detA. dA.ta. caMpAnA rAjA indravamAM 1 lAe I.sa. 799mAM pitAnA nAme bhadrezvaranI sthApanA karI tene akSayanIvI prakAranuM bhUmidAna dIdheluM. 112 ene lagatAM dAna zAsanamAM paNa bhUmidAnanuM puNya tathA bhUmidAnanA ArachedanuM pApa darzAvatA leka ApavAmAM AvatA, jemake indrabhadrezvarasyeva sarva dravyaM mahItale / ye rakSanti ramantyete svarge suragaNAssahA // lubdhena manasA dravyaM yo haret paramezvarAt / narAta na punAone ritu ja nIti 1 13 (mahItalamAM indrabhadrezvaranA dravyanI jema sarva dravyane jeo rahyuM che te devo jevA thaI sadA svargamAM majhA kare che. lobhI manathI je paramezvara pAsethI dravya harI le che te narakamAMthI pAcho Ave nahi, te lAMbe kAla chavato nathI.) - kaMboja(kaDiyA)nA saMskRta abhilekhomAM bhUmidAna, dAna lenAra brAhmaNonI vidyA, veda-vedAMga, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata, bauddha dharmagraMtha, padarzana ityAdinA ullekha maLe che. AmAMnA keTalAka lekhamAM bhAratIya chuMdo tathA aMlakAre sArA pramANamAM prayojAyA che. eka lekhamAM kebejanA rAjA yazovarmAe (pANinisUtra paranA) mahAbhASya para lakhelI TIkAno ullekha Ave che. tyAMnA abhilekhomAM manu tathA kAlidAsanA ko udAhata karelA che. emAM pravarasenanA sevA kAvyane paNa nirdeza maLe che. 1 14 vaLI rAjAo devanI pUjA karatA, maMdira baMdhAvatA ne maMdirane bhUmidAna detA tene ullekha Ave che. emAM kaMbejanA rAjAo aneka Azrama baMdhAvatA e nirdeza khAsa noMdhapAtra che. dA. ta. rAjA yazovarmAe so Azrama baMdhAvyA hatA.115 InDoneziyAmAM maLelA prAcIna abhilekhAmAM zrI vijaya tathA zailendra nAme be prAcIna rAjyonA ullekha Ave che. inDoneziyAnA TApuomAM jAvA ane sumAtrA agrima sthAna dharAve che. tyAM saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhelA aneka For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #400
abhilekhanuM aitihAsika mahatva 369 abhilekha maLyA che, je utArI zailInI brAhmI lipimAM katarelA che. keTalAka lekha tyAMnI prAcIna kavi bhASAmAM lakhelA che. jAvAnA tathA sumAtrAnA prAcIna abhilekhomAM bauddha dharmanA tathA zaiva vagere dharmasaMpradAyanA aneka uMlekha maLe che. emAM devo, brAhmaNo, nadInAna, maMtra, bhUmidAna, godAna, suvarNadAna vagerenA nirdeza Ave che. dA. ta. rAjA pUrNavamanA varSa 22 nA lekhamAM caMdrabhAgA nadI, phAguna mAsa, citra zukala trayodazI, gomatI nadI, brAhmaNo ane godAnane nirdeza karelo che. 116 rAjA zaileje kalaza nAme gAmanuM dAna bhikSasaMghane dIdhuM tene abhilekha saMskRta padyamAM che. emAM aMte dAnanA pAlanane lagatA zloka ApelA che. 117 samayanirdezamAM zaka saMvatanAM varSa, ahIMnA mAsa, pakSa ane tithi ApavAmAM Ave che. zailendra vaMzanA prasiddha rAjA bAlaputradeve bhAratanA nAlaMdAmAM be bauddha vihAra karAvyA hatA ne enA nibhAva mATe pAlavaMzI rAjA devapAladevane pAMca gAmanuM dAna devA vinaMtI karI hatI. 118 evI rIte zailendra vaMzanA rAjA mAravijayajIMgavarmAe nAgapaTTana(AMdhra pradeza)mAM vihAra karAvyo hato, ne rAjendra caLe enuM tAmrapatra ketarAvyuM hatuM.119 Ama InDoneziyAnA rAjAo bhAratanA samakAlIna rAjAo sAthe sakriya saMparka dharAvatA. samudrapAna karI gayA hovAnuM manAtA agatya RSine dariyApAranA A dezanI bhAratIya vasAhatamAM ghaNo mahimA pravartato. pUrva jAvAmAM maLelA I. sa. 76 nA saMskRta zilAlekhamAM agatyanI pratimAnI pratiSThAnuM nirUpaNa kareluM che. 120 - boni TApumAM paNa saMskRta zilAlekho tathA staMbhalekho maLyA che. dA. ta. mUlavamAM nAme rAjAe yajJa karIne mahAdAna dIdhelAM, tene lagatA cUpa sthApita karAvI tenA para lekha kotarAvyA che. 12 1 jAvAnI bAjumAM AvelA bAlI TApumAM bhAratIya saMskRti adyaparyata pracalita che. tyAM paNa aneka saMskRta lekha maLyA che, jemAM rAjA dharmadAmAnA lekha khAsa noMdhapAtra che. A uparAMta nepAla ane tibeTa jevA pozI dezamAM paNa aneka saMskRta lekha maLyA che. A lekha te samayanI brAhmI lipimAM karelA che. 122 pAkistAnano pradeza to cheka 1947 sudhI bhAratavarSanI aMtargata hato ne aphaghAnistAnano ghaNo bhAga prAcIna kALamAM gaMdhAra vagere rUpe bhAratanI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #401
30. - : bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA aMtargata gaNAto. AthI e dezamAM bhAratIya dharma ane saMskRtine lagatA aneka abhilekha maLe e svAbhAvika che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA nirUpaNamAM AsapAsanA paDozI dezomAM thayelA enA prasAranuM nirUpaNa anivArya che, nahi to bhAratIya saMskRtine itihAsa eTalo adhUro gaNAya. A prasAra aMgenI mAhitI tyAMnA abhilekho, sAhitya tathA purAtana avazeSo parathI upalabdha thAya che. UNapa ane maryAdAo A rIte abhilekho rAjakIya itihAsa, rAjyataMtra, bhUgoLa, kAlagaNanA, dhama, bhASA, lipi, sAhitya, sAmAjika sthiti, Arthika sthiti, vAstukalA tathA zilpakalA ane bRhadbhArata jevA vividha viSayenI jANakArI mATe vatteoche aMze mahattvanI sAdhana-sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanA anveSaNamAM abhilekha eka ghaNuM upayogI sAdhana che. chatAM anya sAdhananI jema A sAdhanamAM paNa keTalIka UNapa ane maryAdAo rahelI che. abhilekho mukhyatve rAjAo tathA zrImatanAM sukRtya nedhe che. emAM prajAnA madhyama tathA nIcalA varganA lokenI sthiti tathA ghaTanAo vize ghaNe jUja nirdeza Ave che. sAhityamAM paNa aitihAsika kAvya, nATaka, AkhyAyikAo ane campamAM moTe bhAge rAjAo tathA zrImaMtonuM carita AlekheluM hoya che. purANamAM ApelI vaMzAvaLIomAM paNa rAjAonI vaMzAvaLIo sahuthI vadhu pramANamAM jaLavAI che. rAjAzAhI tathA mUDIvAdI samAjamAM rAjAo tathA zrImatanAM caritAne tathA sukRtone savizeSa mahattva maLe e svAbhAvika che. ghaNuM abhilekhonA viSaya mukhyatve pUrtakAryo tathA bhUmidAnane lagatA hoI e sukRta karanAra rAjAo tathA zrImaMtenI ja emAM nadhi tathA prazasti Ave e paNa svAbhAvika che. AthI abhilekhone zAsako tathA zrImaMtone lagatA ItihAsa mATenA sAdhana tarIke mukhyatve lAbha maLe che, jyAre Ama varganI Arthika-sAmAjika sthiti vize emAMthI ghaNI jUja mAhitI maLe che e enI eka moTI ane gaMbhIra maryAdA che. 123 abhilekhamAM te te samayamAM banelI ghaTanAonuM nirUpaNa kareluM heI, samakAlIna sAdhana tarIke e ekaMdare ghaNI pramANita mAhitI pUrI pADe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #402
abhilekhanuM atihAsika mahatva 371 dA. ta. pUrtakAryo tathA bhUmidAnene lagatI mukhya hakIktanuM e yathArtha ane pramANita nanirUpaNa kare che ne emAM te te samayanA rAjAo, adhikArIo vagerenI temaja te te ghaTanAnA samayanI sapramANa mAhitI pUrI pADe che. paraMtu rAjAo vagerenI prazastimAM ghaNuM avAstavikatA tathA ayathArthatA mAlUma paDe che. prazastimAM ghaNI vAra prazastinA nAyakanuM carita mAtra kavisamaya tathA kavikalpanA dvArA atizaktithI Alekhe che ne emAM koI cokkasa ghaTanAono tathA vyaktione bhAgye ja nirdeza kare che. dA.ta. valabhInA maitrakavaMzanAM dAnazAsanamAM eNe ripuonA madonmatta gajadaLa para prahAra karIne potAnA parAkramanI pratIti karAvI hatI, e seMkaDe saMgrAmanI vijayazrIvALA kharzanA tejathI vizeSa prakAzatA pitAnA skaMdha upara bhAre manorathane moTo bhAra vaheto hato, seMkaDo saMgrAmanI jayapatAkA laIne bharosAthI UMcA karelA bAhudaMDa vaDe eNe sarva ripuonA dapane vidhvaMsa karyo hato, e pracaMDa mpimaMDaLone namAvanAra apratihata khaga jevA zauryane avalaMbato hato, lAMbA vizALa bAhadaMDathI eNe zatravarganA darpanA bhUkkA karI nAMkhyA hatA, saMgrAmamAM e UgatA sUryanA tAjA tApanI jema vAdaLo jevA zatrugajane saMhArato ne saMgrAmamAM sAthe AvelA zatruonAM AyuSa haratokepathI kheMcelA khaganA prahArathI bhedelA zatrugajanA kuMbhasthaLamAMthI prasaratA mahAna ujajvaLa pratApagninA prAkArathI parivRta pRthvImaMDaLamAM eNe sthAna meLavyuM hatuM, vipakSa bhUbhUtinuM 'umUlana karIne e akhila bhUmaMDaLanI rakSA karato.." vagere. 24 A prazastikAe te te rAjAnA parAkramanI AvI goLagoLa, kAlpanika ane atizakitabharI prazasti karI che, tene badale emAM e rAjAnA koI cokkasa parAkramanuM nirUpaNa karyuM hota, to te ApaNane enAM parAkramonA Alekhana mATe upayogI vaData. keTalIka vAra prazastikAra kavio mAtra kalpanA-uDDayana ane alaMkAromAM rAce che. vyatireka aMlakAra dvArA rAjAne upamAno karatAM ya caDhiyAta batAve che, zabda-leSa prAjavA mATe kRtrima upamAo, vyatireka ane virodhAbhAse upajAve che ne keTalIka vAra yamaka ke anuprAsa mATe aprastuta bhAvo ke pada prayoje che. A lakSaNa sAhityamAM maLatI prazastione tathA caritakAvyone paNa lAgu paDe che. AvAM kevaLa kAvyamaya prazista-padomAMthI yathArtha itihAsa vize bhAgyeja kaMI jANavA maLe che. parokSa rIte kaMIka sAMskRtika For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #403
372 bhAratIya abhile vivA vigato thoDI ghaNuM kAma lAge eTaluM ja. dA. ta. valabhInA maitraka vaMzanAM dAnazAsanamAM e rAjAo parAbhUta zatruo tathA sAmati para Adhipatya dharAvatA. evuM darzAvavA mATe kavi kevAM kAvyamaya pada prayoje che jema ke enI pAdanakha-paMktinAM kiraNa mastaka namAvatA zatruonA cUDAmaNinI prabhAvathI mizrita thatAM hatAM, enA vAma caraNanA nakhanA teja:puMjamAM enA prabhAvathI vaza. thayelA ripuonA cUDAmaNinI prabhAnuM saMyojana thatuM hatuM, enA zAsanane praNata sAmaMtonuM maMDaLa cUDArananI jema potAnA uttamAMga (mastaka) para dhAraNa karatuM hatuM, bhAre anurAgathI tarata vaza thaI ene namatA samasta sAmaMtamaMDaLanA cUDAmaNinA tejathI enAM be caraNakamala sthagita thatAM hatAM, pratApa ane anurAgathI vaza thayelA sarva sAmaMtonA cUDAmaNionAM kiraNothI enAM caraNakamaLa khacita ne raMjita thatAM hatAM. e aneka praNata nRpanA mukuTamaNiothI virAjatA nakhanAM kiraNothI sarva digvadhUonAM sukha rejita karato hato......... vagere. 125 A prazastipadomAM kavioe te te rAjAnA koI cokakasa zatruone tathA sAmaMtone nAmanirdeza karyo hota, to te ItihAsamAM vadhu upayogI nIvaData. - rASTrakUTa vaMzanA rAjAonI prazastimAM ghaNI vAra e rAjAonAM cakkasa parAkramono nirdeza thayela che. lATanA cAlukya rAjA avanijanAzraya pulakezInA. dAnazAsanamAM 26 tAjika sinyanA AkramaNanuM nakkara nirUpaNa karyuM che to te ItihAsamAM ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDayuM che, jyAre e pachInA saMgrAmanuM nirUpaNa. kAvyocita atizaktithI thayeluM che. yazodharmA viSNuvardhana e gupta sAmrAjayanI paDatI pachI thayela eka pratApI rAjavI hatA, chatAM enI prazastimAM enuM rAjya lauhitya(brahmaputra), mahendragiri (orissA), himagiri ane pazcima samudra sudhI vistRta hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che127 emAM spaSTa atizayokti rahelI che. cAlukya rAjA kIrtivama 1lA(I.sa. pa66-598)nA mahAkUTa taMbhalekhamAM e rAjAe vaMga, aMga, kaliMga, vara, magadha, madraka, gaMga, mUSaka, pAMDya, kamiLa, coLiya, Aluka ane vaijayaMtInA rAjAone parAjaya karyo hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, paraMtu e rAjAe vaMga, aMga, magadha ane maka sudhI vijayakUca karI hovAne kaI saMbhava raheluM nathI. enA putra pulakezI 2 jAe pitAnA For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #404
373 abhileenuM aitihAsika mahatva pitAnA saMdarbhamAM nalamaurya ane kadaMbanA rAjAone vaza karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che eTaluM ja vAratavika che. 128 evI rIte caMdela rAjA dhaMga(I.sa. 950-1002)nA eka khajurAho lekhamAM e rAjAe kAMcI, AMdhra, rADhA (baMgALAmAM ane aMga sahita aneka rAjyanA rAjAone parAbhava karyo ne teonI rANuone kArAgRhamAM pUrI evuM jaNAvyuM che te paNa avAstavika kalpanA ja che.129 anukAlIna abhilekhonI sarakhAmaNIe vadhu prAcIna abhilekhamAM avAstavika atizayoktio ochA pramANamAM najare paDe che. dA. ta. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmA 1 lo, sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakaNi ane gupta samrATa samudraguptanI prazastimAM te te rAjAnA zAsana nIcenA je pradeza gaNAvyA che. te asaMbhavita ke kAlpanika lAgatA nathI. kane jatA gujara-pratIhAranA sAmaMta evA caMdela rAjA yazavamAM(1bhI sadI)nA eka khajurAho abhilekhamAM eNe gauDa. khaza, kozala, kazmIra, mithila, mAlava, cedikuru ane gurjara dezanA rAjAone vaza karyA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che, temAM ziH vozAnAm, zifthatizayika, kutapu masta ityAdi padomAM - zabdAlaMkAnI camatkRti darzAvavA mATe ja keTalAka avAstavika nirdeza karelA che. 130 sAhityika kAvyomAM paNa ghaNI vAra aMga ane kAMcI jevAM rAjyone samAveza rAjAnA digvijaya-varNanamAM kevaLa zabda camatkRti mATe karavAmAM Avato. nAnAM rAjyanA rAjAonA nAnA vijayanA nirUpaNamAM paNa cAre dizAne digvijaya kyanuM ane akhila pRthvImaMDala prApta karyAnuM jaNAvavAmAM Ave che. dA.ta. paramAra rAjA lakSmavarmA(lagabhaga I.sa. 1087-7)nI nAgapura prazastimAM eNe pUrvamAM gauDa, aMga ane kaliMga, dakSiNamAM caLa ane pAMDavya tathA tAmrapaNuM ane setubaMdha ane uttaramAM vaMkSa(okasasa)nA taTa paranA turuSka para vijaya prApta karyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. temAM kavi kAlidAse "raghuvaMza'mAM nirUpelA raghunA digvijayanuM spaSTa anukaraNa najare paDe che. 131 "raghuvaMza'mAM paNa e nirUpaNa rAmanA pUrvaja raghunA samayanI vAstavika rAjakIya bhaugolika sthiti darzAvatuM nathI.32 anukAlIna lekhamAM nAnAM rAjyanA rAjAo paramabhaTTAraka, mahArAjAdhirAja, paramezvara ane cakravatI jevAM mahAbiruda dhAraNa kare e vRtti pravarte che ! For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #405
bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA keTalAMka rAjyo vaccenAM yuddhomAM koI vAra eka pakSane vijaya thatA te kAI vAra khIjA pakSaneA, paraMtu prazastikAra teA hamezAM peAtAnA rAjAnA vijaya ne zatrurAjAe parAjaya ja darzAvatA. sAmA rAjyanA abhilekha upalabdha hAya tA emAM ethI UlaTA ullekha jovA maLe che. dA. ta. kAMcInA pAvA ane vAtApinA cAlukayA vaccenA lAMbA saMdhamAM aneka rAjAe vacce thelA yuddhanA nirUpaNamAM te te pakSanA vijayaneA dAvA karavAmAM Ave che te e rAjyAnA dAvA vacce ghaNA virAdha mAlUma paDe che. keTalIka vAra nizrita vijaya na sAMpaDayo hoya tA paNa, are koI vAra spaSTa parAjaya thayA hoya teA paNa, prazastikAra potAnA nAyakane vijayI ja nirUpe che.133 AthI abhilekhAmAM ApelI sAmagrI samakAlIna ha|I pramANita hAvAnI apekSA rahetI hAvA chatAM emAM rAgadveSane kAraNe thatI atyuktie tathA apeAktie sAme sAvadhatA rAkhavI rahI. / 374 vadhu prAcIna abhilekhAmAM samayanirde za te te rAjAnA rAjyakAlanAM varSAmAM karavAmAM Avate ne koI saLa Mga saMvata vAparavAmAM AvatA nahi. tethI te rAjAenA itihAsanA nirUpaNamAM samayAMkana mATe ghaNI muzkelIe rahe che. vaLI AgaLa jatAM jyAM saMvatanAM varSa ApavAmAM Ave che tyAM ghaNI vAra te saMvatanuM nAma jaNAvyuM hatuM nathI, tethI e varSe kayA saMvatanAM gaNavAM e prazna thaI paDe che. vikrama ane zaka saMvatanA varSa-nirdezAmAM AvI sthiti zatakA sudhI varatAya che. zaka-pallava rAjAenA tathA kuSANa samrATAnA abhilekhomAM prayAAyelA savatAnA AraMbhakAla, enA nAmanirdezanA abhAvane laI ne enA abhijJAna mATe pravatatA matabhedane laI ne, hajI sunizrita thaI zakayo nathI. sAhitya tathA abhilekhAmAM ApelI prazastiomAM eka khIjI khAsiyata rAjakuleAnI paurANika utpatti ApavAnI che. A lakSaNa pachInA kAlamAM uttarAttara vadhatuM jAya che. nAMdIpura(nAMdoda)nA zarUAtanA rAjAe pAtAne gujaranRpativaMzanA kahe che, yAre pachInA rAjA kaNanA vaMzaja hovAne dAvA kare che ! saivA vaLI peAtAne jayadrathanA vaMzaja gaNAvatA, ne cAlukayA tathA caulukayA potAnI utpatti brahmAnA caluka ke culuka(kheAkhA)mAMthI thaI jaNAvatA !134 vaLI temene ayAdhyAnA rAjAe sAthe paNa sAMkaLavAmAM AvatA! dakSiNa bhAratanA ghaNA rAjavaMzone uttaramAMthI AvelA jaNAvyA che. e For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #406
abhilekhAnu' aitihAsika mahattva 375 ta asaMbhavita nathI; paraMtu e va zeAnA rAjAone kAI purANa-prasidgha rAjavaza sAthe sAMkaLavA mATe e paurANika vaMzanA chellA jJAta rAnnanI ane A aitihAsika vazanA pahelA jJAta rAjAnI vacce sabaMdha joDI devAmAM Ave che !135 sUryanA ke caMdranA vaza sAthe rAjava zane sAMkaLavAnI vRtti pachInA kAlamAM vadhatI gaI. ghaNA rAjavaMzeAne tathA ghaNI janajAtione yAdavavaMza sAthe sAMkaLavAnuM valaNa pravatuM. pratIhArA rAmanA pratIhAra banelA lakSmaNanA vaMzaja ! caulukayAnI jema paramArAnI utpatti paNa tenA nAmanA kalpita atha parathI upajAvavAmAM AvatI.136 paramArA, pratIhArA, caulukayA ane cAhamAne vaLI Ayu para vasiSThanA agnikuMDamAMthI utpanna thayelA manAtA ! koI paNa dezI--videzI kulanA zAsake! sattArUDha thAya ke tarata ja tene kSatriya vaNnA ane kAI purANa-prasiddha kSatriyavaMzanA TharAvavA mATe bhATacAraNA pravRtta thatA ne teonI rucira kalpanAne teenA prazastikArA pracalita karatA. AvI kAla-kahipata paurANika kalpanAe e rAjakulAnI aitihAsika ke vAstavika utpattine DhAMkI de che. AthI bhAratamAM aneka rAjakuleAnI kharI utpatti samajavA mATe itihAsakArA dhaNI mUMjhavaNa anubhave che. ghaNAkharA rAjakIya abhilekheAnuM lakhANa suzikSita adhikArIoe ke vidvAna kavioe taiyAra karyuM hAya che, paraMtu dhaNA laukika abhilekhAtu lakhANa adha-zikSita mANasAe lakhyuM hoya che. emAM bhASAzuddhi tathA vigatazuddhinI aneka upeA rahetI haiAya che. vaLI ghaNI vAra zilAlekha kAtaranAra salATA tathA tAmrapatra keAtaranAra ka MsArA suzikSita na hoI lakhANa kotaravAmAM aneka bhUlA karI bese che. AthI keTalAka abhilekhA vAMcavAmAM ghaNI pAThazuddhi vicAravI paDe che. hastalikhita gra MthAnI jema abhilekhAmAM eka ja lakhANanI judI judI pratA bhAgye ja maLe che, tethI pAThAMtara-tulanAne lAbha maLatA nathI. keTalIka vAra prAcIna rAjAone nAme pachIthI banAvaTI lakhANa upajAvIne kotaravAmAM AvatAM. AvI banAvaTa khAsa karIne bhUmidAnane lagatAM tAmrapatromAM mAlUma paDe che. A abhilekhomAM koI jUnAM dAnazAsaneAnuM anukaraNa karIne keTalIka navI hakIkta ghusADI hoya che, paraMtu emAM jANye-ajANye peAtAnA kAlanI asara nIce kaMI ne kaMI asaMgati AvI jAya che te saMzodhanakArAnA abhyAsamAM e abhilekhA banAvaTI hovAnu pakaDAI jAya che. Ama abhilekhe aneka rIte sAhitya karatAM vadhu mahattva dharAvatA hovA chatAM, emAM paNa keTalIka UNapA ane maryAdAo rahelI che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #407
376 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA arthaghaTana ane saMzodhana AthI abhilekhamAMthI upalabdha thatI mAhitIne upayoga karatAM pahelAM pUratI sAvadhatA rAkhavI paDe che, jema bIjAM sAdhanone upaga karatAM rAkhavI paDe tema. kaI paNa chUTaka abhilekhamAMthI maLatI hakIkatane anya lekho tathA sAdhano parathI maLelI nizcita hakIkata sAthe sarakhAvIne enI zraddheyatA cakAsavI paDe che ne e be vacce virodha ke asaMgati mAlUma paDe, to enI tulanAtmaka zraddheyatA nakkI karavI paDe che. A siddhAMta ItihAsa-saMzodhananAM sarva sAdhanone lAgu paDe che. ItihAsanA anveSaNamAM ene upayogI nIvaDe tevI harakeI sAmagrIne enA kAcA svarUpamAM svIkArI na levAya, ene sarvazaH cakAsIne enuM saMzadhana (zuddhIkaraNa) karavuM paDe ne e pachI ja e zuddha karelI sAmagrIno AdhAra laI zakAya. dareka prakAranI sAmagrInA arthaghaTanamAM lekhakanA aMgata rAjakIya ke sAMpradAyika rAgadveSane khyAlamAM rAkhIne ja enI yathArthatA ke zrayatAne aMgIkAra thaI zake. AthI itihAsanA anveSaNa ane nirUpaNa vacce saMzodhana ghaNuM mahatva dharAve che. pAdaTIpa 1, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 510-519; prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoMkA adhyayana, kha. 1, pR. 78-84 1 a. S. I, Book III, Nos. 18, 19, 36 and 39 2. ha. ga. zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta," pra. 7 3. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "gujarAtano prAcIna itihAsa" pR. 153-155 4. ejana, pR. 229-241 5. I. E., pp. 388 ff; prAcIna maratIya millA madhyayana, saM. 1, pR. 85-88 6. sAmAnyataH 1 daMDa= hasta 7. juo upara pR. 318. 8maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. para5-526 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #408
abhilekhAnu aitihAsika mahattva 377 9-11. 4 ADha=1 droNa, 8 droNa=1 kulya; 1 ADhaka (A)=25 muSTi athavA 16 ke 20 baMgALI zera (29.6 ke 37.3 ki. grA.). E. I., p. 413 12. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pR. para6-paracha 13. 1 unmAna=32 X 32 hasta 14. 1 khArI= 16 droNa 15-19, 25 guDha= 1 mAna; 20 mAna=1 vATI. mAna barAbara gaNAya che (I. E., p. 419). 18. 4 hAda=1 mattaru (nivana) 19, 100 kamba=1 mattanu 20. I. E., pp. 407 ff. 21, gujarAtanA prAcIna itihAsa, pR. 73 22. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 39-405 23. dA. ta. S. I., Book I, No. 84; Book II, Nos. 1, 45, 48, 50, 54; Book III, Nos. 31, 33. prA. mA. Ja. ., sva. 1, g. 121-124 24. B. M. Barua, 'Old Brahmi Inscriptions in Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves" 25-26, prA. mA. Ja. OM., leM. 1, pR. 124-126 27. U. P. Shah, Akota Bronzes' 27 a. pra. mA. 6. lai., pR. 11-112 lekha 556 28. nivinaya, 'prAcIna jaina vasaMprada," mAnya 2, :29. S. I., Book II, No. 2 30. Ibid., Book III, No. 9 .31. Ibid., No. 11. 32. Ibid., No. 14 33. Ibid., No. 21 34. Ibid., No. 35 35. Ibid., No. 55 36. Ibid., No. 57 37. trA. mA. 6. ., 6, 82-84 38. nana, nR. 110-112 39, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA, bhA. 2, lekha 155 40. ejana, lekha 163 lagabhaga ekara 41. ejana, lekha 215 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #409
378 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 42. ejana, lekha para 43. ejana, lekha 216 a 44. ejana, lekha 160 (patinA tathA pitAnA nAma parathI) 45. ejana, lekha 166 ka. ejana, lekha 170, 186 (enA pitA ane mAtAnA nAma parathI) 47. ejana, lekha 201-202 (sUmaladevI mahArANInuM nAma hatuM). 48. gu. ai. le., bhA. 1, lekha 15 ka. ejana, lekha 155 50, ejana, lekha 166, 186, 201 ane 205 21. ejana, lekha 204 para, ejana, lekha rarara para a. ejana, lekha 161 53. s. I, Book II, Nos. 4-6 54-55. prA. ma. sa. ma., pR. 134 56. zukana; S. I., Book III, Nos, 59, 62 pa7. Ibid., No. 7 58. Ibid, Nos. 28-29 59. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, pR. 357-359 60-61. ejana, pR. 355-356 62. ejana, pR. 363-36 6 63. jema ke gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 1, lekha 170, 186 ane 216. 64. dA. ta. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 133-135. vaLI, juo V. ma. sa. 1, pR. 113-14, 65. ga. ma. sa. 1, pR. 11-158 66. dA. ta. manasa tratA menadrA (S. I., Book II, No. 15) rAgo sadAtaNa kSatrapala nAnA (Ibid., No. 58) 66 a. . mA. ma. sa., pR. 17-181 67. dA. ta. rANe cAinara sametiputra rAju masa nAmaputrA... fSTa kathAvitA . (gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhe, bhA. 1, lekha 2-5). 68. rAjJA kSatrapasya svAmijayadAmapautrasya rAjJo mahAkSatrapasya svAmirudradAmasya rAjJo kSatrapa rA svAmiNI... (ejana, lekha 7) 14. svAmicaSTa nasya pautrasya rAjJaH kSatrayasya sugRhItanAmnaH svAmijayadAmnaH putrasya rAjJo. mahAkSatranA amaragrastanAno ne... (ejana, lekha 6) co. Diskalkar, "Inscriptions of Kathiawad",, No. 128; For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #410
abhilekhenuM aitihAsika mahatva 379 1933. . 71. Ibid, No. 156. 72. Ibid, No.18 : 73. Ibid., No. 188 74. Ibid., No.193. 75. S.I., Book II, No. 67 76. Ibid, No. 86. 77. Ibid., No. 91 78. Ibid., Book III, No. 2 79. Ibid., No. 21 20. Ibid.No. 25 ( 81. Ibid. No. 54. 82. . ma. sa. ma., 3. 2, pR. 11-111 83, nina, pR. 110-112 84, gjhana, pR. 170-174 85. jJana, pR. 182-181 86, gjhana, pR. ra-ra04: 87. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhe, bhA. 2, lekha 145 88, ejana, lekha 147 89 ejana, lekha 1590, ejana, lekha 163 haze. ejana, lekha 167 92. ejana, bhA. 3, lekha 27, 28 93. ejana, lekha 208, 210, 211, 212 94. ejana, lekha 215 95. ejana, lekha 218 96. ejana, lekha 218 97. ejana, lekha ra22 98. 2,000 kArSIpaNa mahine eka TakAnA vyAje ane 1,000 kASapaNa mahine 1 TakAnA vyAje mUkelA (S, I., Book III,No. 58). 99, S. I. BooK III, No. 38 100. gujarAtanA atihAsika le, bhA. 2, lekha 14pa 101. nAgaravelane ucherI eno vepAra karanArano 10ra. gujarAtanA atihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 170 103. ejana, bhA. 3, lekha 217 104. S. I., BooK III, No. 21; gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 147 105, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 167 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #411
-380 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA 106. s.I, BookII, Nos. 105-106 107. Ibid., Nos. 107-114 "108, Ibid., Book III, No. 12 109, maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 2, pR. 411-412 110. Ibid., No. 73 111. Idid., Nos. 78-80 112-113. pra. ma. sa. ya, ra. 1, pR. 270-271; rava. 2, pR. 227-222 114, gjhana, pR. ra71 115, kana, pR. 272 116, S. I., Book III, No. 77 117, prA. mAM. sa. ma., rava. 2, pR. 226 118 prA. mI. . sa., ra. 2pR. 160-165 119-120, na, . 1, pR. 2 67 121, gjhana, ra. 2, pR. 232; S. I., Book III, Nos. 74-75 122, gjhana, va. 1, pR. 272-272 123, pagana., . 1, . 37 124. maitrakakAlIna gujarAta, bhA. 1, pR. 74, 84, 100, 122, 123, 125, 133, 147, 149 125. ejana, pR. 54, 74, 117, 127, 148, 149 126. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 1, le. 106 127, S. I., Book III, No. 54, vs. 5 128-12, D. C. Sircar, "Indian Epigraphy," p. 26 130, Ibid., p. 27 131-132. Ibid. p. 29 133. Ibid. p. 28 -134, du. ke. zAstrI, "gujarAtane madhyakAlIna rAjapUta ItihAsa" pR. 127-133 135, ejana, pR. 129; I. E., pp. 24 f. 336gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho, bhA. 2, lekha 167, glaeN. 32 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #412
19. saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNa anveSaNa abhilekho e ApaNo rAjakIya tathA sAMskRtika ItihAsa jANavAnuM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana che. AthI kaI paNa deza, pradeza ke kAlano itihAsa lakhanAre e sAdhanane bane teTale upaga karavo jarUrI che. bhAratamAM 18 mI sadInA uttarArdhathI abhilekhono abhyAsa thato rahyo che. prAcIna abhinalekhenI lipi baMdha besADIne ene vAMcavAmAM AvyA che, anukAlIna abhilekhonI nakala karavAmAM AvI che ne madhyakAlIna tathA arvAcInakAlanA ghaNA abhilekhone paNa utAravAmAM AvyA che. upalabdha abhilekho paikI ghaNuM mahattvanA zilAlekho tathA tAmrapatralekhone vAMcIne sAmayikomAM prakAzita karavAmAM AvyA che ne enA keTalAka saMgraha paNa graMthastha thayA che. vaLI emAMnA ghaNA abhilekhonI vargIkRta sUcio paNa pragaTa thaI che. kaI paNa pradeza ke kAlano ItihAsa taiyAra karanAra pahelAM A cio tathA saMgrahone upayoga kare che ne emAM nahi samAyelAM je anya abhilekho chUTAchavAyA sAmayikomAM prakAzita thayA hoya tenI mAhitI meLavIne teno paNa abhyAsa kare che. ApaNA dezamAM ghaNuM abhilekha vaMcAyA che te prakAzita thayA che, chatAM hajI paNa saMkhyAbaMdha pALiyA-lekho, pratimA-lekho vagere aNaneMdhAyelA kheravikhera rahelA che. sarakArI purAtattva khAtAe kharI rIte dareka jillAnAM meTAMnAnAM gAmonuM A daSTie sarvekSaNa karI enAM devAlayamAM, jaLAzayamAM, killAomAM, masjidomAM, rajAomAM, dharmazALAomAM, pAdaramAM vagere sthaLoe rakSita ke arakSita rahelA tamAma abhilekhonuM prakAzana tathA enA saMgraha ane enI sUcionI sAmagrI jeTalA pramANamAM upalabdha hoya teTalA pramANamAM For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #413
382 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA itihAsakAra ene upayoga karI potAnA viSayane nyAya ApI zake che. e pitAnA viSayane upayogI tamAma upalabdha sAmagrI-prakAzita tema ja aprakAzita- vize mAhitI meLavI tene abhyAsa kare che, jemAM abhilekhone khAsa samAveza thAya che. sAmagrInuM anveSaNa e ItihAsa-nimaNanuM paheluM pagathiyuM che. vAcana abhilekhavindra jJAta abhilekhono patto meLave che temaja aitihAsika sthaLonI mulAkAta letA rahI ajJAta abhilekhonI ya mAhitI meLave che. pahelAM e dareka abhilekhanI prAptisthAnanI tathA parimANa vagerenI noMdha le che ne pachI ene lekha vAMcavA pravRtta thAya che. A mATe te te pradezanI te te kAlanI lipinI jANakArI jarUrI hoya che. sarakArI purAtatva khAtAmAM keTalIka vAra saMskRta-prAkRta abhilekho, arabI-phArasI abhilekho, prAcIna-arvAcIna drAviDI abhilekho ane anya arvAcIna prAdezika bhASAomAM lakhAyelA abhilekho mATe alaga alaga jANakAra rAkhe che, kemake A judA judA prakAranA - abhilekhonI jANakArI moTe bhAge judA judA vidvAnomAM vibhAjita thaI hoya che. lipinI jANakArI vinA abhilekhamAMnI hakIkata vize kaMI jANI zakAtuM nathI. AthI lipinI jANakArI dvArA abhilekha vAMcavo ne enuM te te bhASAnI arvAcIna pracalita lipimAM livyaMtara karavuM e abhilekhavidanuM prathama kArya che. abhilekhanA vAcana mATe mAtra lipinuM jJAna paryApta nathI, te te lekhanI ' bhASAnuM jJAna paNa anivArya che. e bhASAnuM vyAkaraNa, eno zabdabhaMDoLa, enA chaMdo vagerenA pUratA jJAna vinA abhilekhano pUrepUro zuddha pATha taiyAra - thaI zake nahi. bhASA uparAMta itihAsa, bhUgoLa, rAjyataMtra, kAlagaNanA, dharma-saMpradAya, pAribhASika zabdo ItyAdi AnuSaMgika bAbatonI jANakArI paNa jarUrI gaNAya. saMpAdana liyaMtara karelA abhilekhanA pAThane saMpAdita karatI vakhate enA mUla lakhANamAM kaMI sudhArA-vadhArA sUcavavA jarUrI hoya to te kauMsamAM ke pAdaTIpamAM sUcavavAmAM Ave che. sudhArA goLa kauMsamAM ane vadhArA khUNiyA kasamAM darzAvAya che. livyaMtara mULa lekhanI paMkti pramANe paMktivAra karavAmAM Ave che. abhilekhanA pAThanA prakAzananI sAthe bane tyAM sudhI mULa abhilekhanI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #414
383 saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNa . chabI ke zAhIthI pADelI pratikRti paNa prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che. AthI liyaMtarane mULa pATha sAthe sarakhAvI devAmAM abhyAsIone saraLatA rahe che. moTe bhAge livyaMtara pachI lekhanuM bhASAMtara paNa ApavAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra lekha lAMbo hoya ne ghaNo bhAga evA bIjA abhilekhAmAM Avelo hoya, to jarUrI bhAganuM ja bhASAMtara apAya che. bhASAMtara apAya ke na apAya, abhilekhanA pAThanI pahelAMnA prAstAvika lakhANamAM lekhanI mukhya hakIkatano sAra avazya ApavAmAM Ave che. prAstAvika lakhANamAM saMpAdaka prastuta abhilekhane lagatI sarva upayogI bAbatone abhyAsa karI enAM pariNAma rajU kare che. emAM e pahelAM lekhanA prAptisthAnane, enA padArthane ane enA parimANano paricaya Ape che. dA. ta., amuka zilAlekha amuka rAjyanA amuka jillAnA amuka gAmamAM amuka sthaLe Avelo ke maLelo che, e zilAnuM mApa amuka che athavA amuka dAnazAsana amuka saMkhyAnAM patarAM para katarelAM che, e patarAMnuM mApa tathA vajana amuka che vagere. pachI abhilekhanI lipine tathA bhASAno paricaya ApavAmAM Ave che. paMktionI saMkhyAno tathA akSaronA sarerAza kadano paNa khyAla ApavAmAM Ave che. vaLI lekhanazailImAM akSara-vinyAsanI je lAkSaNikatAo hoya te paNa darzAvavAmAM Ave che, jema ke saMyukata vyaMjanamAM 2pachI vyaMjanane bevaDAvavAnuM valaNa (dA.ta. lajja, dharma, sthira, bdhi vagere), anusvAranA cihnane badale anunAsika vyaMjananI pasaMdagI (dA.ta. 3%, rakajhata, , Ftta, sanmA), visargasaMdhimAM vyaMjana saMdhinA vikalpanI pasaMdagI (dA.ta. nAtamutatA, atu vasaMviti, yujIsthAti vagere), visarganA sthAne jiddavAmUlIya tathA upamAnIya prayoga (dA.ta. zAstrI, mana riteSa vagere). prAcIna lakhANomAM virAmacihnono upayoga ghaNo jUja thato, tethI 1, 2, 3 vagere kAMka, S (avagraha), saMkSipta rUpadarzaka virAmacihna, zlokArdhanA ane zlokanA aMte apekSita | ane | nAM virAmacihna vagere mULamAM na hoya, te arthanI subodhatA mATe saMpAdaka kauMsamAM e umere che. arabI-phArasI lekhomAM e lekha sulekhanakalAnI kaI zailImAM kotarAyA che te paNa darzAvavAmAM Ave che. pachI lekhanI mukhya hakIkatane sAra ApavAmAM Ave che. e pachI emAM jaNAvelA rAjavaMza, rAjAo ke rAjA, adhikArIo vagerenuM abhijJAna ApI For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #415
384 bhAratIya abhilekhavivA A lekhamAM teone vize kaMI viziSTa vigata ApelI hoya to tenuM vivecana karavAmAM Ave che. lekhamAM jaNAvelAM anya mAnavakule tathA vyaktionuM paNa evuM vivecana karavAmAM Ave che. lekhamAM je bhaugolika sthaLane nirdeza AvatuM hoya, te sthaLanuM arvAcIna sthaLo sAthe abhijJAna sUcavI e sthaLa hAla kyAM AvelAM che e darzAvavAmAM Ave che. keTalIka vAra amuka gAmonuM kaI arvAcIna gAmo sAthe abhijJAna baMdhabesatuM nathI ne enuM avAcIna sthAna darzAvI zakAtuM nathI. paraMtu upalabdha sAmagrInI vigato parathI saMpAdaka vigatavAra nakazAnA AdhAre tema ja sthaLatapAsanA AdhAre tamAma prayatna karI chUTe e apekSita hoya. che. koI gAma samaya jatAM samULuM lupta thaI gayuM hoya ke koInuM nAma saMdatara badalAI gayuM hoya, to hAla eno patto na paNa lAge. evI rIte abhilekhamAM samayanirdezanI vigata ApI hoya, te parathI ene saMvata darzAvI enI barAbaranuM IsvI varSa ApavAmAM Ave che. prAcIna kAlagaNanAnA jANakAroe I. sa. 1 thI 2000 sudhInA dareka bhAratIya varSa ane mAsa tathA divasane lagatAM evAM koSTaka taiyAra karelAM che ke e parathI abhilekhamAM ApelI mitie IsvI sananA kyA mAsanI kaI tArIkha hatI te zodhI zakAya. mitinI sAthe vAra Apyo hoya to Apela mitinI yathArthatA. temaja emAM prayojAyelI kAlagaNanAnI (khAsa karIne varSanA AraMbhanI ane mAsanA aMtanI) paddhati nizcita thaI zake che. adhika mAsa, sUryagrahaNa, caMdragrahaNa, sUryasaMkrAMti, bArhaspatya saMvatsara, parvadina ityAdinI paNa khAtarI karI zakAya che. abhilekhane saMpAdaka A kASThakano upayoga karI, abhilekhamAM ApelA samaya-nirdezanuM AvuM vivecana kare e paNa apekSita che. chevaTe prastuta abhilekha parathI rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika ItihAsanI daSTie kaMI viziSTa mAhitI maLI hoya, to tenuM mahattva paNa darzAvavAmAM Ave che. abhilekha padyamAM hoya, to tenA chaMda batAvavAmAM Ave che. lekhamAM azuddhio hoya, to tenA pramANa tathA prakAra vize nedha umerAya che. abhilekhano upayoga karanAra mATe lekhanA pATha tathA bhASAMtara uparAMta saMpAdakanuM A prAstAvika lakhANa ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDe che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #416
saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNa 385 prakAzana navesara prakAzamAM Avato dareka abhilekha ItihAsa-anveSaNa mATe upayogI hoI, enuM vAcana tathA saMpAdana taiyAra thatAM ene kaI saMzoghana- sAmayikamAM prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che. ghaNA abhilekha te te pradezanA keI sthAnika sAmayikamAM te sAmayikanI bhASAmAM prakAzita thAya che, vahelA moDA sarakArI purAtattva khAtAnA abhilekhavid vibhAga taraphathI A abhilekho Epigraphia Indica mAM paNa paddhatisara prakAzita thAya che ne sahune suvidita tathA sulabha bane che. e sarakArI abhilekhasAmayikanA saMpAdaka mULa lekha ke enI pratikRti meLavI, Akho pATha akSarazaH tapAse che ne saMpAdaka sAthe patravyavahAra karI emAM jarUrI sudhArA-vadhArA karAve che athavA saMpAdaka tarIke pote enA livyaMtara, bhASAMtara ane prAstavikamAM jarUrI nAMdha umere che. A abhilekha enI chabI ke pratikRti sAthe chapAya che. enA prakAzanamAM vilaMba thato hoya che, paNa enA vAcana tathA saMpAdanamAM vadhu ekasAI karAtI hoya che. abhilekha-saMgraho Indian Antiquary 24a Epigraphia Indica Hi z velta abhilekho prakAzita thatAM sarakAranA purAtattva khAtA taraphathI keTalAka vargIkRta abhilekhasaMgraha taiyAra karAvI prakAzita karavAmAM Ave che. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum nAme graMthamAlAnA graMtha 1 mAM azokanA abhilekho, graMtha 2 mAM kharoSThI abhilekho, graMtha 3 mAM prAcIna gupta rAjAo ane teonA uttarAdhikArIonA abhilekho, graMtha 4 mAM kalacuri-cedi saMvatanA abhilekho ane graMtha 5 mAM vAkATaka abhilekho graMthastha thayA che. A graMthamAlAmAM pachInA graMtha taiyAra thatA jAya che. .. evI rIte mAyasora ke karNAkaTanA temaja dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhonA paNa keTalAka saMgraha prakAzita thayA che. gujarAtanA abhilekhAnA traNa vagIkRta saMgraha gujarAtImAM pragaTa thayA che. aMgrejImAM kAThiyAvADanA abhilekhone paNa eka saMgraha prakAzita thayo che. gujarAtanA prAcIna kAlanA abhilekhomAM je e pachI prakAzita thayA che tathA I. sa. 1300 pachInA je abhilekho che tene saMgraha tauyAra thato jAya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #417
386 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA jaina derAsaromAM saMkhyAbaMdha zilAlekho tathA pratimAlekho hoya che. ene lagatA keTalAka saMgraha bahAra paDelA che, jemake muni vizAlavijayajIne rAdhanapurapratimAsolTa tathA zrI dolatasiMha loDhAne jainapratimA TevAM. muni jinavijayajIno prAcIna jainava saMda, pUraNacaMda nAharana jainavasaMprada, muni jayaMtavijayajIno sarvatAvInarainaDhelAM zuM vagere abhilekhasaMgrahomAM paNa aneka pratimAlekhono samAveza thAya che. pALiyA-lekha tathA pratimA lekhe eTalA saMkhyAbaMdha che ke hajI ene lagatA keTalAya abhilekhasaMgraha karavA ghaTe. abhilekha-sUcio - abhilekhenA saMgraha taiyAra karatAM ghaNo samaya lAge ne ene prakAzita karatAM ghaNuM kharca thAya, paraMtu prakAzita abhilekhonI vargIkRta sUcio taiyAra karI prasiddha karavAmAM Ave to te paNa ghaNI upayogI nIvaDe che. uttara bhAratanA 1900 ane 1930 sudhImAM prakAzita thayelA abhilekhonI saMvatavAra kAlakrame goThavelI sUci anukrame kIlone tathA bhAMDArakare taiyAra karelI te Epigraphia Indica nA pariziSTi rUpe pragaTa thayelI che. dakSiNa bhAratanA abhilekhonI kalahone karelI evI sUci paNa emAM pragaTa thaI che. saMLaga saMvatane upayoga zarU thatAM pahelAMnA abhilekhonI sUci TyuDarse taiyAra karelI.. gujarAtanA abhilekhanI paNa pAMca saMdarbhasUcio prakAzita thaI che. emAMnI pahelImAM I. sa. 1300 sudhInA abhilekhone vargavAra goThavelA che, bIjImAM tyAM sudhInA pratimAlekhanI tevI sUci ApI che, jyAre trIjImAM I sa. 1301 thI I. sa. 1760 sudhInA zilAlekhonI ane cothImAM I. sa. 1301 thI I. sa. 1700 sudhInA pratimAlekhonI sUci ApavAmAM AvI che. pAMcamI sUci gujarAtanA arabI-phArasI abhilekhonI che. ItihAsanirUpaNa karavA mATe mUla sAmagrInA saMdarbha zodhavAmAM AvI saMdarbhasUcio ghaNuM upayogI nIvaDe che. saMrakSaNa abhilekho e ApaNA ItihAsanI evI mahattvanI sAmagrI che ke ene rASTrIya saMpatti gaNavI ghaTe. AthI tamAma upalabdha abhilekhonuM saMrakSaNa karavuM e sarakAranuM tathA prajAnuM parama kartavya che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #418
saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNe 387 bhAratamAM purAtattvane lagatAM aneka meTAMnAnAM myujhiyama che, jemAM zilAlekha, tAmrapatro, sikkAo vagere prakAranA anekAneka abhilekha saMgRhIta karavAmAM Ave che. khaMDeromAMthI maLatA abhilekhone ghaNI vAra sApha karavA paDe che. tAmrapatro vageremAM kATa lAgyuM hoya te rAsAyaNika prakriyAthI ene dUra karavo paDe che ke have pachI ene kATa na lAge tenI kALajI rAkhavAmAM Ave che. bhAratamAM pahelavaheluM myujhiyama eziyATika sosAyaTIe kalakattAmAM 1814mAM sthApyuM, je AgaLa jatAM inDiyana myujhiyama tarIke vikasyuM. pachI madrAsamAM evuM myujhiyama sthApAyuM. 1850thI 1900 daramyAna lAhora, lakhanau, mayurA, nAgapura, karAMcI, udepura, rAjakoTa, muMbaI, vaDodarA, phaijhAbAda, bhAvanagara, beMgalora, tricura ane trivendramamAM A prakAranAM myujhiyama sthapAyAM. ukhanananAM prAcIna sthaLo paikI nAlaMdA, sAranAtha, takSilA, harappA, mohe jo-daDe ane nAgAjunI keDAmAM paNa sthAnika myujhiyama sthApavAmAM AvyAM. pachI muMbaI bIjApura, bAripadA, khiciMga, caMbA, kaTaka, DhAkA, gauhATI, gvAliyara, hiMmatanagara, jayapura, haidarAbAda, jodhapura, khajurAho, mAyasora, paTanA, pezAvara, pUnA, kaTA. sAMcI ane udepuramAM paNa myujhiyama sthapAyAM. navI dilhImAM have nezanala myujhiyamane prabaMdha karavAmA Avyo che ne emAM purAtattva khAtAnA hastakanAM yujhiyamanA pasaMda karelA uttama avazeSo saMgRhIta karavAmAM AvyA che. 10 muMbaInuM prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyama, mathurAnuM karajhana myujhiyama, vArAhasInuM bhArata kalAbhavana, haidarAbAdanuM myujhiyama, rAjakeTanuM vaeNTasana myujhiyama, vaDedarAnuM myujhiyama, ane jUnAgaDhanuM myujhiyama abhilekhano ThIka ThIka saMgraha dharAve che. uparAMta keTalIka yunivarsiTIo, rAjyanAM myunisipAliTInAM tathA yunivasiTInAM purAtattvakhAtAM tathA keTalIka saMzodhana, saMsthAo paNa moTAMnAnAM myujhiyama rAkhe che ne emAM abhilekho, sikkAo, hastaprato vagereno saMgraha kare che. ' chatAM hajI asaMkhya abhilekhe ThekaThekANe astavyasta paDelA che. saMkhyA baMdha pALiyAo khullAmAM AbohavAnA prahAra jhIlI khavAtA jAya che. keTalIya zilpakRtio ane enA paranA abhilekho hathiyAranI dhAra kADhavAmAM ke navAM makAnonA bAMdhakAmamAM raphedaphe thAya che. bhArata sarakAra tathA rAjya sarakAre sarva sthAvara (acala) abhilekhonA saMrakSaNanI vyavasthA karavI ghaTe tema ja sarva For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #419
388 bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA jagama (cala) abhilekhAne pAtapAtAnAM myujhiyameAmAM khaseDI surakSita karavA Te. je abhilekhA maMdiza masjido vagere imArAmAM surakSita heAya te tyAM rahe e ucita che. paratu je abhilekhA arakSita ane upekSita paDelA che, tene tevI hAlatamAM lAMkho vakhata na rakhAya. enA saMrakSaNa mATe sarakAra pUrA prabaMdha karI na zake te tyAM sudhI sthAnika grAma-paMcAyatA tathA zALAoe evA abhilekhAne peAtAnAM sArvajanika makAnAmAM khaseDAvI ene sAcavavA ghaTe ne e rASTriya sa MpattinA jatanamAM e rIte pAtAnA phALo ApavA ghaTe. sikkA tathA tAmrapatronI bAbatamAM sAnIe tathA ka MsArAone paNa vadhu jAgrata thavAnI jarura che. abhilekhAnA aitihAsika mahattvanI jANakArInA abhAve emAMnA keTalAka e dhAtunA padArthane gALI nAkhe che te enA para kAtarelAM lakhANAnA haMmeza mATe nAza karI bese che. vyaktienA gharamAM jUnAM tAmrapatrA vagere hoya che, tene ghaNI vAra te gupta dhananI jema sadharI rAkhe che, paraMtu enA saMrakSaNa mATe kALajI rAkhatA nathI te ghaNI vAra teeAnA vaMzajo tene niraCka samajI bhagAra tarIke vecI de che. kharI rIte A sahu vyaktie tathA vepArIonI pharaja che ke teoe A aitihAsika sAdhana-saMpattinA A rIte kadI nAza thavA devA joIe nahi, paraMtu je myujhiyameA tathA saMsthAe evI saMpatti jALave che tene ja te bheTa ke vecAtI ApatA rahevI joI e. abhilekhAnI sAmagrI evI sAvajanika saMsthAene hastaka ekatra thaze tA e jaladI prasiddha thaze, abhilekha-sUci tathA abhilekha-saMgraheAmAM vahelu sthAna pAmo ne itihAsa-anveSakAne jaladI upayAgI nIvaDaze. AthI ApaNA abhilekhAnu saMrakSaNa e dareka samaju nAgarikanuM kartavya che, sarakAranA purAtattva-khAtAnuM teA e AdiSTa kAya che. ne surakSita tathA prakAzita abhilekhAnI pUrI ane adyatana mAhitI meLavI tenA sarvAMga abhyAsa karI, e mAhitInuM zAstrIya saMzAdhana tathA athadhaTana karavuM ane enA itihAsanirUpaNamAM yathAyogya upayoga karavo e itihAsa-lekhakanuM iSTa kartavya che. kharekhara abhilekheA e itihAsanA amUlya sAdhana tarIke rASTrIya sa Mpatti che. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #420
saMpAdana ane saMrakSaNa 389 pAdaTIpa 1-2. vigato mATe juo upara pR. 10-11. 3. gi. va. AcArya (saM.), "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha" bhAga 1-3. e agAu bhAvanagara rAjya abhilekhonA be-traNa saMgraha bahAra pADelA. AgaLa jatAM vaDodarA rAje paNa enA abhilekhono eka saMgraha prakAzita karelo juo upara pR. 11.) 8. D. B. Diskalkar, "Inscriptions of Kathiawad", New Indian Antiquary, Vos. I-III mAM prakAzita. 5. vigata mATe "gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbhasUci,' bhAga 3 ane panI saMdarbhasUci. 6-8, juo upara 5 11-12. 9. gujarAta itihAsa pariSade A sUcio gujarAta itihAsa saMdarbhasUcinI 0 graMthamAlAmAM anukrame khaMDa 2-3-4-5 tarIke pragaTa karI che. 90. "Archaeology in India," Ch. VII : Archaeological Museums For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #421
vizeSa nAmanI zabda-sUci 200 akabara 5, 204, 209, 210 akabaranAmA 200 ameTA | 124, 149, 355 agatya 369 acalagaDha 357 acalezvara 121 acalezvara maTha 356 ayuta 267, 268, 270 aja 335 ajamera 6, 150, 324 ajayapAla 315 ajatA 115 140 aDAlaja 103, 135, 360 aNahilapATaka 322, 324 aNahilapura 335, 342. aNahilavADa 323, 344, 345 atharvaveda 17, 358 anaMtadevI 289 anaMtavama 20, 192 anupamadevI 339, 342-344 anUpa 250, 258, 263, 354 aparAMta 250, 258, 263, 354 apalodosa asarodevI 296 aphaghAnistAna 24, 369 abula phajhala abhaloDa 325 abhijJAna-zAkutale 5 amadAvAda 150, 355 amarasUri 340 amarAvatI 21, 68, 69 adhyA 99, 322, 357, 374 arabastAna 33, 44, 61, 217 arabI 12, 38, 39,92, 132, 203 arabI bhASA 104, 105, 204, 360 arabI lipi 61, 128, 207 arabo 92, 104, 201, 208, * 317 aramAIka 33-35, 41, 43, 98, 106, 36 1 aravallI 263 arjuna 61 ajunadeva 148, 18, 199, 203, 35ra, 365 arjunAyana 268, 271 arNorAja 337 24 390 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #422
53 14 367 arthazAstra 16, 352 ardhamAgadhI abuMda 263, 337, 339, 341, 343 'sarvaraprAcIna naedi ' 386 ala berunI 108, 179, 180, 193, 194 alAuddIna khalajI 93 alAhAbAda 21-23, 126, 139, 147, 149, 264, 346, 354, 362 alikasudara 225, 231, 234 elekajhAMdara 234 ahaNadevI 339 avaMti 170, 250, 258, 263, 268, 323, 354 avaMti-Akara 169 azoka maurya 6, 15, 16, 23, 25, 27, 28, 32, 36, 50, 64, 66, 67, 113-115, 123, 125, 128, 131, 135, 139, 140, 154, 222-237, 244-246, 25, 253, 258 260, 261, 284, 346, 351, 354, 355, 359, 364, 385 e re 3fma 227, 231, 236 amaka 250 azvaghoSa azvarAja 335, 336, 340, 342, 343 azvina asaMga 309 assaji ahicchatrA 271, 297, 299 ahirelA 16 aMkepTaka 353 aMga 243, 37ra, 373 aMgada viSaya 267, 299 aMga lipi 14 aMgrejI 105, 361 aMgrejo 5 aMtalikita 238, 239 aMtigenasa gotasa 234 aMticoka 2 je 223, 225, 231, 234 aMtekina 225, 231, 234 aMdhau 99, 114, 139 aMdha 231, 233, 234 aMbikA 341 aMzuvarmA 193, 194, 216 Akara 238, 250, 258, 263, 354 AcArya, gi. va. 11 AcArya, vallabhajI AjIvika 355 Adityavardhana 1 lo. -2 je 297 Adityasena 193, 356 AdinAtha (juo RSabhadeva.) AdilazAhI 203 AdIzvara (juo RSabhadeva.) 391 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #423
AMdhra pradeza 72, 86, 223, 234 AMdhrabhutya 350. AMdhra vaMza 350 ITAlI Anarta ra58, 263, 354 Anarta-surASTra ra59, 260, 263 AnaMdapura 148, 308, 351, 358, 366 AnaMdasUri 340 AnamajI Abu 73, 75, 115, 121, 128, 148, 149, 341343, 345, 355, 356, 363 Abu, bhAga-2 11 Abu-delavADA 130, 3ra6, 346, 353 94 pa7 IkvAku 130, 351, 359 211 I-nsiMga 112 InDoneziyA 51, 368, 369 Ine mukalA IrAka iliyaTa, vaoNTara 21 IMglenDa 211, 212 iMdra 54, 268, 281, 338 Idradhumna 205 iMdrabhadrezvara 398 IdravamAM 1 lo 368 iMdravamAM gaMga 192 IrAna 23, 34, 94, 207, 208 IrAnI 32, 36, 225 IzAnavarmA - 356, 363 Izvarasena 178 Isu khrista 210, 212 IsTa InDiyA kaMpanI 5, 6 IsTara TApu ugrasena 268 ujajana 38, 73, 168-171, 175, 176, 191, 261 ujjayinI 263 uDiyA 86, 88 uttara pradeza 99, 170, 177, 23, 243, 288, 298, 299 AbhIra 178, 268, 271, 35ra AyaMgara, kRSNasvAmI AyoniyA 225 Aromeniyana 105 ArAkAnIo 206 AryabhaTa 1 le - 2 je 58 AryabhaTIya "AryasiddhAMta 58 AryAvata 26 8, 271 Aluka 372 AzviliyA-keDA 322, 325, 326 AsarAja (azvarAja) 344 AsAma 85, 104, 111, 150, 179, 209, 271 AsAmI 104, 100 AsIriyA 33, 41, 44 Ahoma 104, 143 AMdhra 70, 351, 35ra, 373 pa7 30 302 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #424
udayagiri 34, 69, 115, 140, 147, 243, 355, 356 udayaprabhasUri 341, 344, 364 udayAditya - 73 uditAcArya 273, 335, 364, (374 era7pala 26, 270 elerA 21 eTalura 270 eziyA, pazcima 111, 116, 235 madhya 31, 110, 112, 249 eziyA mAInara 33 eziyATika sosAyaTI 5, 22 'etareya AraNyaka' 17 aitareya brAhmaNa" 17, 18 351 hALa 56, 355, ogasTasa 211, 212 ojhA, paM. gaurIzaMkara 7. 16, 35, 44, 67, 72, 89 ojhA, vajezaMkara gau. 199. eriyA 74, 104 orissA 85, 8, 104, 109 140, 179, 196, 205, 223 243, 355 olimpisa 220 rikizuM ubhaTa-kAvya" 174 upaniSado 26 upamita-vimala 273 upamitezvara 273, 356 upalaTa 353 umara, khalIpha 368 umApativara urdU 38, 39, 6 1, 93, 96, 105, 128 * ulAdharAghava 345 upavAdAta 147, 141, 351, 202 umAM 358 UnA 107 UbhaleDa 322, 325 rojaMyata 257, 260, 283, 284 veda 17, 18, 55, 300, : 358 RSabhadeva 14, 40, 342, 343 RSika 246, 2pa0, 3pa4 kapaTI, apara 250 kaccha 115, 138, 158, 173, 258, 26 3, 309, 317 3pa3, 354 kacchapaghAta 73 kaTamyuri 30, 177 kaDI 146 kaDuvAka 34. kaSki 1 le. 351 epirasa 234 eraNa 21, 115, 147, 162, 286-288, 346, 356, 364 393 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #425
kahavala 353 kathika vaMza 177, 188 kadaMba chara, 98, 134, 183, 351, 359, 373 kadaMbapadra 353 kaniSka lo 120, 156, 171, 175, 245 kaniMgahama 6, 7, 10, 23, 24, 35. 45, 244 kaneja 73, 7, 193, 299, 373 kannaDa pradeza 87, 102 kannaDa bhASA 359 kannaDa sAhitya 174 kanyAkumArI kapila brAhmaNo 315 kapilavimala 273 kapilezvara 273, 274, 356 kaTisa 15, 108 316, 374 karNATaka 11, 70, 72, 385 kamRtaprapAna 345 kartApura 228, 271 kapaTavANijya 353 kamantapura 353 kalakattA 5, 10, 113 kalacuri 77, 101, 134, 177, 178 kalacuri-cedi saMvata 385 kalaza kaliMga 98, 126, 138, 141, 155, 230-232, 241, 243-246, 346, 351, 372, 377 kaliMganagara 192 kaliMganagarI 246 kaliyuga 168, 185, 186 kalpa-vedAMga 16 kalpanAmaNDitikA 71 kalyANa 197, 198 kalyANavijayajI 191 kahaNa 184, 186 kavi bhASA kazmIra 373 ka kaMDakaNaka 315, 318 katAragrAma 353 kaMdahAra 38, 233, 253 kaMboja 231, 233, 234. 35ra, 354, 368 kaMboDiyA 367 kAka 268, 271 kAkatIya 101 kAThaka saMhitA kAThiyAvADa 385 kAtyAyana 28 kAtyAyana zrota 55 kAthavaTe, pra. 341 kAdabarI 259 kAnaDI 86-8 8, 101, 102, 360 kAbula pradeza kaNuM 24 304 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #426
kAmadeva kAmarUpa 'kAmasUtra' kAma dika kAyastha kAyAvarAhagu kAdu maka kArlo kAlApaka 353 kAlidAsa 99, 363, 368, 372 kAvI 315, 318, 346 353 ra 28 16 339 84, 126 274 156, 174, 188 115, 148 kArAkula kAzagara 31, 37 kAzI 21, 22 kAzmIra 83, 103, 104, 109, 184, 263 150 kAsiyA kAMgaDA 25, 32 kAMcI 189, 268, 270, 354, 373, 304 270 kAMjIvaram kirADu klina phImeAja kukara kutuba minAra kuttubhUra 324 217 kIrInI 'kIrti kaumudI' kIrtivarmA 1 le kIlahAna 12, 178, 195, 386 372 318 234 341, 345 25, 258, 263, 354 121, 147 270 395 kuMbhera kumAragupta -1 le 120, 357, 362 -2jo 288,290, 346, 347 28, 291 -3 jo kumAragupta (maLavAneA) 299 kuMmAradevI 269, 270, 289, 290, 342, 344 kumArapava ta 247 kumArapAla 148, 149, 199, 321, 325, 338, 356, 363 kumArapAla (kSatriya) 127 kumArasiddha 128 kumArI parvata 243, 245, 247 186, 373 33 kuru kuruSa kuleAttuMga 1 le -re je 'kuvalayAzcacaritra' kuzika kuzinagara 28, 304 150, 289 kSaNa kAla kusthalapura kuMbhalagaDha kuMbhA rANA kumANa 32, 35, 37, 98, 99, 117, 120, 131, 14, 149, 156, 168, 175, 201, 351, 359, 374 68, 99 268, 270 114 phU phreMca bihAra For Personal & Private Use Only 100 100 364 273, 274 150 114 360 209

Page #427
kezala kAMkaNuM 7ra kRSNA 11 169, 170 kRSNa 5, 174, 420, 338 kRSNakavi 126, 364 kRSNa pradeza kRSNarAjadeva 338 246 kRSNAmAcAra kedArarAzi keniMga, lorDa kenTona 186 kemajaju 3 14, 318, 319 kerala 87, 100, 101, 158, 162, 195, 217 keralaputra 222, 225 kehaNa 342 kezava 322, 324, 325 kethI lipi 84, 85 keca bihAra kocIna 208, 209 keTiva 3 para kera 268, 270 337 kosama 69, 139, 1pa0 kesala 26 8, 270, 354 223, 338, 351 kaDha 164 kauTilya 16, 35ra kauDinyapara - 353 kautsa 238 kaurala 268, 270 kauzAMbI 68, 69 kSatrapa 32, 68, 115, 117, 140. 156, 168, 174, 175, 3pa1 kSatrapa kAva 68, 264 laharAta 156, 172, 175, 188, 250 kSemaMkara khajurAho 209 270 149 keDinAra kaNaka keta kemilA kerie Toma keriMtha kollama kelera 36 6, 73 kharaparika 26 8, 271 kharAlera 248, 249 kharoSTha 27 khareSThI 12, 14, 15, 31-39, 41, 128, 135, 361, 366, 385 khalajI 92, 105 khaza 373 khaMDagiri 22, 140, 243, 147, 355 khAravela 98, 115, 126, 130, 131, 143, 149, 155, 240247, 323, 346, 347, 350, 351, 355, 359, 362 353 267, 270 271 22 234 195 ra70 396 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #428
103 353 32 giranAra 23, 113, 115, 128 131, 148, 149, 260, 3446 355, 364 girinagara 25, 26, 26 284, 285, 307, 351, 356 gujarAta 11, 2, 69-73, 76, 89, 95, 103, 109, 110, (115, 116, 128, 120, 138, 142, 143, 148, 162, 171-72, 176, 177, * 223, 321, 346, 355, 36 3, 385, 386 gujarAta itihAsa pariSada 389 gujarAta ItihAsa saMdarbha sUci , 102 14 389 khAsya lipi 41 khAMbhaDa kheTaka kheMgArajI 361 kheDu 103 betAna gajapati 101, 104 gaDoI 326. gaDhavAlA belI gaNapati nAga 267, 268, 27 gaNapati vyAsa 126, 346 gaNeza . 16 gaDe 11 gayA garuDa 238, 268, 241, 346 gaEbhila 171 gaMga 72, 130, 145, 3pa1, 37ra gaMga, pUrvanA 101, 104, 192 gaMgA 243 gaMgA pradeza 70 gaMgAsAgara 315 gaMjAma 270 gaMdhAra 32, 34, 5, 35ra. 3pa4, 369 bhUtA gAhaDavAla 73, 143 gAMgA 339 gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha" 11, 260, 306, 341, 389 gujarAtI 78, 88, 103, 360-362. gupta 99, 117, 120, 126, 134, 135, 143, 147, 149,. 171, 179, 180, 193, 285 350-35ra, 385 gupta kAla 69, 99, 286, 359 gupta, zrI 269, 289, gurumukhI gurjara 73, 76, 7, 118, 136, 143, 143, 162, 316, 317, 373 gujaradeza 616 gurjaranRpativaMza 177, 315, 316, 319, 374 353 397 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #429
gujara-pratIhAra 170, 373 gujara maMDala 322, 323 guha pa4 guhasena 308 muhila 73, 342, 351 guMdA 147 298 23 grIka graMtha lipi 87, 1 grahavarmA griyarasana 41, 9, 239 grIka bhASA 98, 149 grIka lipi 41, 44, 106, 361 grIka-romana lipi 99 grIsa 220, 234, 235 gregarI 211, 212 glasarI' gvAliyara guMdI gAkAraka 91 148 356, 289 353 353 ghaTotkaca tharAya ghAsaraka ghUsaDI ghoghA suMDI 356 309 gelDanara 187 goganArAyaNa 322-325 godAvarI - 246 godAvarI-kRSNa pradeza 7ra gedrahaka 322, 324 gApagiri gAparAja 139,27, 288, 364 gopAlajI gamatI nadI 369 garakhA 197 garathagiri 246 goliavalI 314, 318 gelela 318 govardhana ra50, 25, 358 goviMdarAja 3 je 35t geviMdasiMha 84 103 gohila geDakaranIsa gauDa 299, 373 299 gautamI balazrI 141, 250, 251 gauhATI gosA cakrapAlita 282, 284286, 356 carotara 11 caSTana (juo yASTana.) 257, 262, 263 caMDapa 335, 340, 343, 344 caMDaprasAda 335, 340, 343, 344 caMDa mahAmena 168 caDezvara 128, 341, 342 caMdela 73, 373 caMdra (rAjA) 356 gauDarAja (398 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #430
caMdragupta 1la 179, 269, 270, 289 -2 je 147, 170, 175, 272-74, 28, 290, 321, 34, 357 caMdragupta maurya 15, 186, 225, 252, 258, 260, 261 caMdragupta vikramAditya 170 caMdradevI 289 caMdrabhAgA 369 caMdravarmA 268, 271 caMdrAvatI 339, 343 caMpA 367, 368 caMbA cANakartha 338, 339 cApa 77 cArapeTiyara, Do. 191 cAlisA 353 cAlukya 72, 101, 134, 139, 142, 143, 150, 174, 177, 185, 197, 317, 3pa1, 355, 372, 374 cAvoTaka 317 cASTana 99, 174, 175, 188 cAhamAna 73, 168, 35, 375 cAMpaladevI 344 citoDa 121 cittAgaeNga cIna 27, 8, 40, 111, 186, cInI bhASA 105 cInI lipi culukanya 335, 341 cUDAsamA 323 ceTarajI, Do. sunItikumAra 46 ceta, ceti 241, 246 cedi 177, 178, 373 coravADa 365 caLa 100, 143, 150, 222, 224, 225, 231, 351, 35, 372, 373 caulukya 73, 77, 315, 337, 340, 344, 35, 353, 374, 375 cauhANa 6, 324 51, 55 chAbuA 33 * chAMdogya upaniSada " 17, 55 chIdarA 314 chIraka 314, 318 103 chaMdasUtra" jabalapura jaNAgrAma 234 314, 318 206 jayadAmAM 1 8, 25, 262 jayadevamala 197 jayadratha jayabhaTa 1 le 316 -2 je 316 -3 je 22, 316 -4 thA 162, 310-318, 346, 347 217 cInI turkastAna 399 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #431
jonsa, sara viliyama 5, 21, 41 jozI, Do. umAzaMkara 263 jagaDA 131 244 386 318 jJAnacaMdra jhari 35ra jhAmaDI TAkarI. TAMka TI Teyalara 35 TaDa, karnala jemsa 20, 23, 24, 07 5) 41 16 Telara 199 siMhadeva 199, 321-326, 346 " jayasvAla jayaMtavijayajI jayaMtasiMha 338 jarathostI dharma 208 jarmanI 216 jahAMgIra 210 jaMbusara 358 jamaNude 344 jAAIkadeva 188 jAtakakathA jAmanagara 103 jAvA 36 8, 369 jinabhadragaNi jinavijaya 11, 244 naMda 317 juliyasa sIjhara 211, ra1ra jUnAgaDha 21, 99, 121, 126, 130, 147, 149, 179, 218, 255, 26, 24, 284, 286, 321, 34, 347, 359, 362 jetalade 344 jesalamera 203 jatrasiMha 338, 340, 344 98, 355 jaina AgamagraMtha 27 jainapratimAlekhasaMdoha 386 jaina maMdire jainalekhasaMgraha 386 ToparA Temasa, eDavarDa yara 45 ThAkura ThAkurI vaMza 197 Daca 36 1 DabhoI 128, 148, 149, 345, 3pa6, 364 DavAka 268, 271 DAusana 45 DAyonesiyasa 210, 212 Dimitra 246 DisakaLakara 11 41 121 takSazilA 32, 44, 117, 120, 155, 239 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #432
99 1 88 309 takhta-I-bAhI taghalaka 105 tajijaka 317 tathAgata 367 tanazailI 246 tamiLanADu 68, 70, 88, 100, 101, 158, 160, 185, 195, 205 tamiLa bhASA 100-102, 1950 359 tamiLa lipi taLAja tAjika 372 tApasa 251 tAmrapaNuM 222, 225, 231, 35ra, 373 tAsagAMva 174 tAMjora 101 tibeTa 369 tibeTI bhASA 105 timirada 243 tirunelavelI 195, 196, 225 tirupati 120 tilabhaTTaka 269 tiSya rAjA 2para turamAya 225, 231, 234 273 turkastAna, cInI 39 tuLu lipi 87 tejapAla 57, 148, 149, 326 348, 363, 366 telugu 86-88, 11, 102. 359, 36 ? telugu-kAnaDI telugu-coLa 101 taittirIya upaniSada 17 'taittirIya brAhmaNa 18, 55 'taittirIya saMhitA 17, 18 aulATaka 353 taramANa 148, 155, 247, 288 tolemI 2 je 234 tosalI 246 tripiTaka tripurA t04, 206 tripusataka 357, 364 tripurI 17 tribenI tribhuvanadevI trirazmi 141, 250, 251 trivendrama 195 353 saiphUTaka 130, 177, 178 cUMbaka 254 saM-ka 16 339 367 tuSAra 31 thAilenDa thANezvara thAna ulavADA 194, 299 tuSArpha tuLa bhApA 258, 261 102 343 401 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #433
dakSiNApaMtha 258, 263, 248, 270, 271, 317, 354 dakhkhaNa $&, 69, 72, 7, 98; 139, 14, 173, 176, 127, 197, 204 25, 263, 357 249, 290 dattadevI 66 1 le 316 -2 jo 316 -3 jo 31 dadhi pa dadhi natI 322, 324, 313 323, 326 kramana 268 dazakumAracarita 259 dezapura 130, 169, 351, 356, 358 366 dezatha 236 dazaratha, mauya 98, 140, 252 sapala 19 da DAhI 13 daMDI 99, 259, 362 dAnI, DaoN. 8, 30, 6, 67. 89 0 TAyasa 24 dAheAda 323, 324, 34, 347 dilhI 1, 6, 21-23, 92, 95, 104, 105, 121, 147, 150, 204, 363 dilhI-TAparA dIna-4-ilAhI 253 209 402 duddAvihArama Dala deja-mahArAja delavADA devagaNa devagiri devaguta devanAgarI 36 devanI mArI 99, 123, 147, 15, 167, 355 363 }, 369 309 268, 270 devapArA devapAla devadrabhapallikA devarASTra devaLiyA 309 devendravarmA 192 dehama 326 daulatAbAda 204 miLa 372 draviDa bhASA 6, 8, 100. 359 drAviDa drAviDI drAsiMha dvArakA dhanadeva dhanaya dhanyaviSNu 309 187 341 127 102, 351 297, 299 dhammapada dharaNiga dharaNIdhara For Personal & Private Use Only 26 15, 66 179, 304, 307, 308 35 99 8, 35 35. 32, 19 329 364

Page #434
dhANaMda dharapaTTa 304, 304 dharasena 1 le 303, 307, 308 2 je 300-31, 347 dharmadAmAM 369 dharmapAla 351 dharmAsyudaya" 344 dhavalakkaka 345 dhaMga 73 3 37 353 gharavADa 10, 11 dhArA 112, 342 dhArAkheTaka 309 "dhArAdhvasa 364 dhArAvarSa 75, 338 dhArakA 309 dhAMdhala 341 dhINakI - 61, 188 dhUmarAja 3 37 dhoLakA 135, 149, 321, 1, 344 dhoLA 309 dhaulI dhrAMgadhrA 103 prava, ha, ha. 324, 347 dhruvadevI 289, 300 dhruvabhaTa . 337 dhruvabhUti dhruvasena 1 lo 304, 308 2 je (bAlAditya) 316 nagaraka ' , * 353 nagicANuM naphUla naracaMdrasUri 314 narapatijayacaryATIkA : ra01 naravadhUna 296, 298 narasiMhagupta 150, 229-291 narendrasUri 764 narmadAtaTa 353 nala 373 navagaeNga 271 navasArI 150, 149, 177, 317 nahapAna 9, 130, 140, 174, 175, 250, 3pa1, 358, 364 naMda ka2, 234, 247, 244 250 naMdi 268, 307 nAgakula 271 nAgadatta 268 nAgapaTTana nAgapura nAgarI 73-74, 48 nAgasena 267, 268, 271 nAgAjunI nAgArjunIkeDA 69, 98, 130, 155, 182 nAgaeNdragaccha 340, 341, 344 nAnAka 148, 149, 36 1, 364, 341 392 23 nAbhaka nAbhayaMti 231, 233, 234 231, 233, 234 103 403 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #435
11 L28 parakhama nAnIbA 361 nAyaka "nAradasmRti nArAyaNa nArAyaNapAla 313, 36 nAlaMdA 150, 369 nAsika 115, 126, 140, 141, 178, 24- 251, 254, 263, 323, 351, 186 padmasiMha 128 padmAvatI 271 148 paracakakAma 216 paramAra 77, 75, 134, 324, 337, 342, 343, 351, 373, 375 parazurAma - 61, 195 parAzara 273 parivrAjaka 183 parIkSita parIkha, rasikalAla 324 parNadatta 282, 283, 285 palaka 268, 270 palakkaDa 270 palAzinI 257, 260, 283 pallava 72, 98, 100, 130, 134, 142, 155, 351, 359, 374 pavAyA 271 palava 99, 155, 156, 167, 170, 250, 259, palavI 24 paMcamahAla 323, 324 paMcaviza brAhmaNa 18 paMcasiddhAtikA" paMcAla - 299 paMjAba 83, 84, 169, 170, 184, 194, 201, 239, nAhara, pUraNacaMda 38 nAMdIpura-nAdIpurI 316, 374 niAkesa 15, 110, 111 nimADa 263 niro' niSAda 258, 263, 354 niMbakRpa 353 nIlarAja 268 nepAla 70, 85, 102, 110, 139, 193, 194, 197, 268, 271, 369 neminAtha 130, 148, 339 344, 363, 366 narisa 24 paJcasiddhAntikA 51 paNi - 45 paNaNavaNuM sUtra 14 pataMjali 28 patika 120 pattana 324 padmapurANuM 310 16 55 271 paMjAbI bhASA 84, 102 pAkistAna 223, 233, 369 404 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #436
pAthuDa 243 : che ja pATaNa 110, 149, 323 pATaliputra 225, ra70, 3pa6 pANini 15, 16 247 pAraDI 103 pArasI 207 pAjiTara 191 pArtha parAkrama 343 pAla 6, 143, 35, 369 pAli 359, 367 pAMDavo 5, 21, 54, 186 pAMDeya, De. rAjabali 8, 35, 134, 167, 170, 171, 227 pAMDatha 100, 222, 224, 225, 231, 243, 35, 35ra, 372, 373 piThApurama 270 16 piSTapura 268, 270, 354 piMgala 51, 55 purUvardhana 35ra puNyAnaka 353 puragupta 288-291 purANa 186, 310, 350, 35ra, 365, 370, 375 purI-kaTaka pradeza 196 puraSottama sarasvatI 360 pulakezI 2 je 56, 185, 351, 355 pulakezI avanijanAzraya 317, puliza siddhAMta puliMda 231, 233, 234, 35ra puSkarasArI 14, 15 puSkalAvatI 32. puSpapura 267, 270 puSpagupta 258, 260 puSyamitra 247, 357 puLamAvi, vAsiSThIputra 264, 354, 362, 363, 37ra pUrNavarmA 369 pUrNasiMha 339 pRthuka pRthvIrAja peTarnegI pethaDa 339 pizAvara 32 paiThaNa 143 piorabaMdara 199 piorTugIjha bhASA 361 paulemI 338 pratApadevI pratiSThAna 174, 233, 250 pratIhAra 73, 77, 143, 316 351, 35 prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi" 323 prabhAkaravardhana 296-298 prabhAvatIguptA 150, 351 prabhAsa pATaNa 115, 148, 199, 218, 356, 358 pravarasena 2 je 150 pizala 344 373 prasavA 405 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #437
105 103 prahUlAdana 338, 342 "kAcuana-yu-lina 27, 31 phArasI 12, 38, 39,61, 12 96, 102, 104, 105, 128, 132, 36 0 phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA 11 phA-hyAna - 119, 186 phiniziyana 39, 42-45 phiniziyA phiraMgI hi taghalakha phulakA phrAnsa 211, 212 phreMca bhASA 105, 361 phalITa 10, 178, 244 bakhatyAra khalajI bakhazAlI 51 baDavA 98, 123, 357 ba3rijidri 353 bampapAdIya vihAra 306, 39 barAbara DuMgara 20, 115, 140 baruA, Do. 30, 244, 247 - 24 barmA 63, 111, 120, 367 bI bhASA balamitra 191 balarAma balavamAM balazrI 250, 251 bali 281 alAla 342 balAla nArAyaNa 325 asADha 150 bahamanI bahAla baMgalA deza 117, 206, 271 baMgALA 11, 70, 85, 92, 95, 104, 158, 160, 179, 200, 201, 204-206, 288 baMgALI bhASA-lipi 85, 86, 88, 104, 360-362 baMsakheDA 136, 294, 298 bANabhaTTa 99, 259, 346, 362 bAdAmI 101 bAbiloniyA 33 bAlacaMdra 297 bAlaputradeva bAlAjI avAjI 82 bAlI 318 bAlika 155, 167, 239 bilvakhAta 353 bihaNa 217 biSNupura 206 bihAra 84, 85, 104, 170, 200, 201 biMbisAra 350 bIjApura 203 369 bansa bIdara bIralA 150 92, 105 buddha 120, 131, 186, 319, budAuM 350 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #438
buddha gayA buddho 305, 309, 319 buddhagupta 162, 288, 290, 291, 308 bRhatkSetrasamAsa bRhatsaMhitA" bRhaspati 304, 335, 338 bRhaspatimitra 243, 247 bRhaspati-vAttika baeNTriA 225 184 28 28. benaphe bhadila benA kaTaka 250 baeNbiMTana 21 bejiyama 216 besanagara 98, 147, 155, 237, 238, 323, 346 berATa 113 bethana bethasiMga bAdeva boniya 369 nyUlara, De. 7, 27, 28, 35, 41-45, 59, 67, 70, 7ra, 89, 244, 291, 324, 347 "brahmakuMDa 360 brahmagiri 128 brahmagupta brahmadeza (barmA). 186 brahmasiddhAMta 180 brahmA 14, 27, 338, 361, 368, 374 brAhmaNo 230, 355, 369 brAhmI lipi12, 14, 15, 40 91, 128, 361, 366, 369 briTiza 210, 361 briTiza myujhiyama 121 bhagavatIsUtra bhagavadgItA" 131, 1pa0, 253 " bhagavAnalAla iMdrajI 178, 199, 244, 247, 291 bhaTArka 150, 303, 307, 308 bhasvAmI 297 bhadi 203 bhaTrika 203 117 bhika 239 pAna 303, 3 06, 31 9 bharata bharatapura 263 bhadAja 27, 300 bharahuta 38, 98 bharukaccha 136, 324, 316, 318, 323, 358 bharUca 12, 317 bhaviSyapurANa 310 bhAgabhadra 48, 155, -239, 351 bhAgavata purANa 184 bhAgavata saMpradAya 278, 239 bhATika 203 bhATI 203 bhAdare 306 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #439
bhAnuM 297, 300 bhAnugupta 139, 286-288, 290, 291, 346, 347, 364 bhArata yuddha pa6, 185, 186 bhAratIya-yavana 149, 155, 351, 259 bhAravi 363 bhAvanagara 11, 341, 389 bhAva bRhaspati 356, 357, bhAvalapura 32, 263. bhAskara ravivarmA 100 bhAskaravarmA 150 bhAMDArakara, Do. 12, 273, 386 bhitarI 21, 150, 288, 289, 291, 347 bhIma bhImajI bhImadeva 1 lo 341, 343 - je 199, 321, 343, 344, 356, 36pa bhala bhutAna 204 bhuvanezvara 115, 243, 246 bhUtAbilikA 145 bhUmaka 175 112 bhojaka 246 bhojapura [85 bhoja-vyayaNika 231, 233, 234 bhauma 196 bhauma-kara 196 bhImarA 183 makaduniyA 225, 234, 235 makkA 202 maga 225, 231, 234 magadha 14, 85, 89, 179, 234, 243, 24, 246, 247, - 261, 270, 288, 350, 37ra maNikayAlA 121 bhaTarAja 26 8 mahila 26 8, 271 mathurA 32, 68, 70, 99, 147, 148, 179, 246, 247, 272, 3ra 1, 346, 3pa6, 357 madInA 202 madurA 101, 118 madurAI 185 madraka 372 madradeza madrAsa madhya pradeza 68, 7, 202, 177, 194, 263, 20271, 287, 366 manaseharA 38 manuM 4, 368 manusaMhitA" "manusmRti" mamalka vaMza 104 271 324 bhAja 28 308 408 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #440
marAThA 82, 210 marAThI 102, 204, 360 bha2 258, 263, 354 maruddavyAdhi 338, 339 markaTasAgara 297 malabAra malayadeza malaya parvata malayAlama 87, 88, 101, 102, 209 mala 206 malladeva 336, 339, 340, 343, 344 mahamUda gajhanavI 201, 219 mahamUda begaDo 103, 360 mahamadapura 201 mahamUdazAha 95 mahAkAtAra 268, ra70 mahAkUTa 372 mahAjanI lipi ( 3 mahAdevapura 309 mahAdevI 290 mahApadma naMda 186 mahAbhArata" 16, 310, 365, 368 " mahAbhASya" 357, 368 mahAmeghavAhana 245 mahArASTra 72, 8 2, 90, 177, - 205 mahAvIra svAmI 186, 187, 350 mahAsenagupta 299, 351 mahAsenaguptA 296, 299 mahiSadeza 176 mahIsAgara 318 mahuvA 306 mahedra 268 mahedra parvata 62, 268, 270, 372 mahendravarmA 351 mahendrasUri 340, 344 mahezvaradAsenaka 305, 309 mahezvara 263, 368 maMgaleza 101 maMDalI 356 maMdasara 130,140, 147, 148, 271, 357, 362, 36 3 mAgadhI 359 mANasA 103 mAtRceTa 356 mAtRviSNu 288, 356 mAthiyA 22, 23 mAdraka 268, 271, 3para mAdhava 287, 288, 363 mAdhavagupta 193, 299 mAne mAniyAlA 24 mAmalapurama mAyasora 10, 11, 87, 90, 101, 110, 192, 201, 385 mAravamAM kulazekhara 351 mAravADa 263 mAraviyetuMgavarmA 369 338 176 21 mArIca For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #441
204 muhammada tugalaka muhammada, pegaMbara muMbaI mUlaka mUlara mUlarAja 1 le 202, 207 10, 11 354 40, 41 345, 356 18 199 372 mUlavarmA 183 41 234 mUSaka mRgezavarmA meka DonAlDa eNkeDoniyA meksa myulara megasthanIsa medapATa me, lorDa 16 mAkaDa 340 mAladeva 344 mAlava 157, 169-171, 268, 27, 323, 325, 338, 35ra, 373 mAlavaka 353 mAlavarAja 299 'mAlavikAgnimitra' 3pa7 mAhiSaka 353 mAhiSmatI 263 mAhezvara 273, 274 mALavA 69, 70, 73, 169, 170, 179, 271, 299, 323, 324, 342 mAMgaroLa 115, 199, 363, 365 mitra 244, 307 mitradevI 289, 290 373 mithilA .85, 200, 201 minandara minendra mirAzI, De. 10, 61, 176, 178, 193, 320 mila. Do. 21 misara 33, 34, 111, 217, 234 mihirakula 148, 155, 351, 356 mughala 93, 95, 105, 117 muruDa 268, 271 muslima 92-96, 100, 104, 111, 149, 201, 203, 204, 360 15 353 meraTha mithila meriSpI 343 21 24 99 mevADa mesavANa meleTa, sara cArlsa 73, 342 bheMsana 24 103 mesopoTemiyA 33, 43 mitraka 71, 89, 118, 120, 125, 126, 130, 131, 134, 136, 142, 143, 145, 150, 152, 162, 179,180, 303, 307, 308, 310, 317, 351, 352-355, 357, 358, 363, 371, 372 410 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #442
82. 24 yajurveda metrAyaNI saMhitA 18 maithilI 86, 104 moga 99 meDI lipi moheM-jo-daDo 19, 20, 25, 113, 118, 120 maukhari 20, 28, 170, 351 maurya 35, 66, 127, 234, 252, 264, 350, 361, 32, 373 tyakSarAja 148 - 18, 358 yajudagaI 208 yama 218 yavana 31, 35, 98, 225, 230, 232-234, 239, 250, 354 yavanadeza cavana, bAdRlika cavanAnI 15, 16 yazodA 338 thazedhama viSNuvardhana 140, 147 -149, 351, 363, 37ra yazodhavala 338 yazomatI 296, 297 yazovarmA 323, 368, 373 yAkebI, Do. 191 yAdava 12, 134, 139, 343, 3pa1, 375 230 yuropa 5, 61, 105, 111, 210, 211, 217 eraguDI 135 yeslamaMcilI 270 yaudheya 258, 267, 26 8, 271, 352 335, 373 raghuvaMza 373 raji 335 134 ratnamaNirAva 325 ratnasiMha 127 ravikIti 355, 363 ravi zAMti 363 raMgAcArya rAIsa 11 rA' kheMgAra 32 3 rAghavadeva 197 rAjagRha 246 rAjaghATa 150 rAjataraMgiNuM 125, 184, 186 rAjaprazasti 114 rAjarAja -1 lo 100, 143 - je 100 rAjasthAna 20, 69, 70, 72, 73, 99, 12, 110, 169, 170, 194, 203, 263, 271, 316, 355 rAjyavardhana 1 le 296, 298 - je 297-299 32 351 cAraka yuana svAMga 120, 193, 194, 3 09 yudhiSThira 61, 185, 186, 304 411 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #443
X 233 ba 3 rAjyazrI 298 rAjAdhirAja 1 lo 100 rAjUla 99 rAjendra caLa 118, 369 -1 le 100, 144 rAjaurI rADhA 373 rANakadevI 3ra3 rAdhanapura rAdhanapurapratimAlekhasadAha 389 rAdhAkAMta zarmA, paMDita 6 rAdhiyA 22, 23 rAma 322, 373, 375 rAma, jAmadagya rAma, dAdarathi 61, 2, 338 rAma, vAsudeva rAmagupta 290 rAmacaMdra rAmadeva 337 rAmanagara 299 rAmapurA 103 rAmazataka 345 rAmAyaNa" 16, 109, 365, rUDabAI 103 rASTrika 246, 263 54 rudradAmA jale 99, 126, 147, 149, 188, 255-264, 284, 346, 347, 351. 354, 359, 362, 373 kadaMDa 273 rudradeva 268, 271 rudrasUri 363 rudrasena 1lo, vAkATaka 271 -3 je 99 36 0 rUDAdevI rUpanAtha 234 rUpanArAyaNa 325 344 101 resane 41 "revaMtagiri rAsu" 344 raivataka 283 rotha rema 210, 211 romana lipi 44 rahANuka 353 lakulIza 274, 307 lakSmaNa 375 lakSmaNasena 200, 201 lakSmavarmA 373 lakhanau 298 lalitavigraharAja' 150 lalitavistare 14, 2 rUpAde 143 ja 30 197 rAva, esa. Ara. rAvala rAvI 169 rASTrakUTa 61, 3, 72, 77, 101, 126, 128, 134, 136, 142, 143, 145, 162, 176, 177, 315, 351, 352, 353, 363, 372 412 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #444
lalitAdevI 338, 344 lala 56 lavaNuprasAda 337, 356 laMDana 10 lAkhAjI lATa 324, 323, 372 lATa lipi 72, 73 lATavAyana zautasUtra 55 lAvaNyasiMha 339, 340, 342, 0 344 0 vaNiIdevI 296 vaTanagara 358 vaTapalikA 353 372 vaTeLu 100, 101 vaDanagara 115, 149 vaDodarA 389 vaDhavANa 323, 360 vatsadevI 29 vallabhakTi 126, 32 varasAyI varAhamihira 53, 55, 182, 185 variavi 353 varuNa 268 vadhamAnakeTI 296 353 valabhI 21, 120, 121 130, 131, 134, 136, 142, 150, 305, 309, 310, 313, 316, 317, 355, 357, 358, 363, 371, 372 valabhIpura 116, 360 valaMdA bhASA 105 vaziSTa 337 vasiSTha dharmasUtra" 16 vasudeva 338 vasubaMdhu 309 vastupAla 148, 336, 339, 340, 342-344, 363 vastupAla-stuti (344 vaLA 300, 306 lAsenA 45 lAhera 201 licchavi 269, 70, 289, 290, 35ra lIlAdevI 34, 357 lIlukA 339 lUNapasAka 356 lUNasiMha 339,340, 341, 343 lUNAdevI 344 lUNiga 335, 336, 340, 344 lekhapaddhati 138 leTina lipi 44 leMgTana, Do. lokavibhAga 189 loDhA, dolatasiMha 386 lethala 113, 116 lodI vaMza 105 lauhitya 37ra lyuDarsa 12, 386 248, 249 vakhata 249 vadhi vakana 413. For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #445
vaMsu vidura 16 4tt 82 357 373 vaMga 14, 372 vAkATaka 72, 123, 130, 134, 142, 150, 155, 351, 353, 385 vAjasaneyi saMhitA" 17, 18 vAsyAyana vAtApi 374 vApanadeva 323, 325. vAyavya sarahada 25 vArANasI 21 vAsukanya 353 vAsavadattA 111, 259 vAsiSThIputra puLubhAvi 126, 141, 155, 250, 251, 253 vAsudeva 155, 238, 322, 325 vAsula 363 vAMkAnera 103, 165 vikrama 164, 168, 169 vikramAditya 168-171, 174, 175 -6ko 197, 108, 201, 217 vikramAke 164, 168-170 vikramAMkadevacarita" 217 vigraharAjadeva 150 vigraharAja-vIsaladeva 363 vijayasena 363 vijayasenasUri 340-342, 344 vijayanagara 101 vidarbha 155, 250, 354 vidizA 238, 239, 263, 351, 356 vinayapiTaka" 15, 16 vimala 341, 343, 353 viyetanAma 367 vikinsa 5, 6, 20 vipharDa 21, 22 vilsana vivalakara vizAkhApaTama ra70 vizAlavijayajI 386 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 7ra vizvararAzi viSNu 62, 130, 147, 238, 281, 285, 286, 293, 325, 338, 356, 368 viSNugopa 268, 270 viSNupada giri 147, 351, 356 viSNupAlita 25t viSNupurANa' 184 viMdhya 177, 263, 27 viradhavala 321, 337, 340, 342, 344, 345 vIra pAMDeya 100 vIra baddalAla 2 je 21 vIrama 356 vIra ravivarmA 195 vIrasiMha, vAghelA 103 vIrasena 35 visaladeva 6, 345, 356, 364 vejaladevI 344 vaiDela 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #446
- veda 16, 19, 54, 120, 365, 368 vedagabha rAzi vedAMga vedAMga jyeAtiSa' vebara 357 16, 19, 36 8 55 16, 41 verAvaLa 130, 180, 181, 203 vegI 101, 268, 270, 354 ve TurA 24 vaijayaMtI 372 vaidyanAtha 345, 356, 364 vainyagupta 288,290, 291,308 vAnAna vyAdhrarAja 170 268 vyAsa 16, 21, 305, 310, 318 16 vhiTanI zaka 31, 68, 99, 171, 174-176, 250, 268, 271 zaka kSatrapA 170 rIka-palava 32, 31, 37, 98, 149, 156, 170, 351 359, 374 zatapatha brAhmaNa' 17, 18, 25 zatrughna kara zatrubha ja 196 zatruMjaya 57, 107, 149, 355, 364 287 299 30 zarabharAja zazAMka zAnada jApa 324 361 zaMkha za khAdvAra zAtakaNi gautamIputra 141 155, 249-253, 253, 258, 243, 321 346, 351, 373 zAtakaNi vAsiSmIputra 264 zAmaLAjI 355 zAradA lipi zAla kAyana zAlivAhana zAstrI, durgAzaMkara zAstrI, hariprasAda zAha, u. pre. zAhajahAM zAhabAjagaDhI zAMtisUri zilAhAra 102, 134, 139, 351 ziva 307, 313, 335, 340 zivakeTa Ta zivagupta zivadeva 2 jo 83, 84 142, 270 174, 176 323 1.80 124 95, 205, 230 38 340 zivabhAgapura zivasiMha, gAhila zivAjI zihAra zIkha zIlAditya, dUtaka zukra For Personal & Private Use Only 25 216 353 199 82, 120 360. 84 306 - 1 leA 319 - - sAmaMta 310. S 338

Page #447
zuM98, 155, 239, 350 zarmAraka 233, 263, 358 zailendra 368, 369 zoDAsa zrIdhara 218 zobhanadeva 345 149, 356, 363 zrIpati 36 3 zrIpAla 126, 36 3 'zrIpura 270 zrIlaMkA 225, 366 zrIvijaya zvabhra 258, 263, 354 pAhi satyaputra 222, 225 satyapura 353 sanakAnIka 268, 271 samataTa 268, 271 "samavAyAMgasUtra samarasiMha 356 samudragupta 21, 120, 126, 147, 149, 189, 264- 273, 287, 289, 290, 346, 351, 354, 357, 362, 373 sarasvatI 14, 130, 335, 338 sarva tAta salakhaNapura 356 salakhaNAde 344 sahajiga, guhila 199 sahya parvata saMkSobha 183 saMkheDA saMgamasiMha 17) saMdhapaticaritra' 344 saMjANa 208, 353 saMbhavanAtha 149 saMrakRta 12, 33, 35, 47, 48, 55, 99, 100, 102, 106, 203, 323, 359, 367, 368 sAtavAhana 68, 69, 98, 115, 121, 130, 147, 141, 155, 245, 253, 351, 357, 359 sAmaveda 300, 358 sAmaMtasiMha 199, 338, 342, 356 sAyaNa 120 sAyaNa-bhASya" sAranAtha 115, 148 sArasvata 353 sAraMgadeva 364 sAripura 367 sAsAnI 23, 208 sAhata-bhAta 150 sAMkarasIha 322, 325 sAMcI 21, 23, 68, 271 sAMpula 127 sAMbhara 324 sikaMdara 15, 22, 108, 167, 169, 25, 234 siddApura 14 17 38 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #448
345 36 0 38 siMha sUrya siddharAja 199, 321-326, 342, 363 siyAma 186 silena 63, 120, 186, 225 sisilI 220 sistAna siMdha 77, 92, 104, 201, 263, 317, 324 siMdhu 258, 263, 298, 354 siMdhudeza 19, 34, 35, 45, 47, 68 siMdhurAja 322, 324 siMdhurAjapura 324 siMdhu saMskRti 138 199 siMhapAlikA 353 siMhapura 358 siMhaladvIpa 225, 252, 271 siMhalI 105 siMhasUri 189 sIgAma 318 sItAdevI 344 sIriyA 44, 155, 225, 234 saharakhi 353 sahugrAma 314, 318 sukatakItikallolinI' 344 suttapiTaka "suraMta" sudarzana 147, 267, 261, - 283-286, 351, 362 supAsanAritra 325 subaMdhu 99, 111, 259, 362 sumarA 324 sumAtrA 368, 369 suratsava" surAjI surASTra 250, 258, 263, 282, 285, 3pa3, 354 surASTrA 322 suvarNasikatA 257, 260, 283 suvizAkha 250-262, 264, 284 susunimA 271 suhAsiMha 344 suhaDAde 344 suhaDAdevI 348 54, 62, 130 sUryavarmA 356 sUryapura 353 setubaMdha 373 143 senavaMza 200, 3pa1 senAta 23, 41 sendraka 177 sebiyana lipi 41 selyuka 167, 225, 234 selyukiMDa saMvata 155, 187 sevela 11 saidhava 77, 134, 135, 181, 188, 195, 317, 374 saiyada vaMza - 105 seMDhaLaka 268 soDhaLI vAva 365 sena 15 15 417 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #449
sema 335, 340, 343, 344 somanAtha 130 somanAtha maMdira 148, 351) 356 somanAtha pATaNa 199 somarAja 174 somasiMha 338, 343, 345 samavaMzI semezvara 148, 324 33 . 196 198 - semezvaradeva 126, 324, 341, 344, 345, 363, 364 semezvara maMdira 3pa7 soraTha 32 3 selaMkI 115, 118, 126, 135, 141, 143, 15ra, 162, 321-349, 35ra, 358, 363 sohagaurA 120, 121 saurASTra 11, 69, 76, 89, 115, 135, 139, 145, 180, 181, 198, 26 1, 26 3, 309, 31, 351, 353, 355, 356 sauvIra 258, 263, 354 skaMdagupta, rAjA 126, 130, 147, 149, 179, 274, 281, 285, 290, 291, 307, 346, 347, 356, 362 skaMdagupta, adhikArI 27, 300 kaMdapurANu" 110, 310 skaMdabhaTa 306, 310 305, 309 sTIvansana sTena kene 10, 244 vAta 135. svAmidatta 268 sviTjharalaeNnDa 211 hanAmanI hajarata alI haThIsiMha 355: haDapA 19, 20, 25, 45, 98, 113, 116, 118 haDappIya lipi 46 361 haDappIya sabhyatA 19, 26, 28 hanTara, De. 25, 46 harakeli-nATaka 150 harahA 36 3 , haribhadrasUri 340 hariNa 123, 126, 269, 362 hamiasa 24 harSa 117, 130, 136, 150, 193, 294, 296-300, 316, 346, 347 harSacarita" 117, 259, 271 harSapura 353 hastavapra 305, 309, 310, 353 hastivama 268, 270 hatI 183 haLavada 103 hAthIguphA 98, 130, 131,. 149, 240, 244, 32, 346, 347, 32 hAlAra 158, 173 sthiramati 418 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #450
20. himagiri 372 himAlaya 108, 271, 304, 337 himiariTika hiMdI 102, 360, 362 hiMdIcIna 207 huza 10, 227 haviSka 140, 247-249, 346 dUNa 14, 148, 155, 298 hemAdri herAsa 3. heriMTana heliyodara 155, 238, 239, 356, 3pa7. hailevI 41 havelI 30. hesTiMgsa 367 hI bU hepa 11: 201 heyasALa hanala hAryajI 23. 82 71 Archaeological Survey of India 7, 10 Asiatic Researches' 6, 10, 341 Asiatic Society 10 'Bombay-Karnataka Inscriptions' 99 'Collection of Prakrit and Sanskrit Inscriptions" 341 'Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum" 10, 222, 227, 231, 236, 269, 284, 287, 316 * Epigraphia Carnatica' 11 Epigraphia Indica' 7,. 10, 12, 259, 273, 298, 341 * Epigraphia Indica : Arabic and Persian. Supplement" 7 . "Epigraphia Indo Moslemic' v Historical Inscriptions: of Southern India' 99 * Important Inscriptions from the Baroda. State' 99 Indian Antiquary 6, 10, 259, 306, 316, 323 419 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #451
"Indian Paleography, Indische Palaeographie' 'Mysore Inscriptions'12 'New Indian Antiquary' -Inscriptions of Kathia wad' 11 "Journal of Asiatic Society' 20 Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society' 90 - Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society' lo 'Old Brahmi Inscrip tions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves' 288 Select Inscriptions'232, 286, 247, 244, 266 South Indian Inscriptions ? ? ? 820 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #452
paribhASA Administration = 2lor4dx Alphabet=991711411 Boustrophedon=balIvadaM- Avartana Calendar=paMcAMga Christian='82401 Chronology = kAlagaNanA; AnupUvI; sAlavArI Civilization=212401 Commemorative=27128 Conjunct=saMyukta Cultural=Hizlas Cuneiform=$7411842 Cycle of years=saMvatsaracakra Deccan dakhaNa Decipherment=ukela Earthenware=mRtpAtra, lovian=bAhaspatya Ligature=baMdha Lithograph=RA1914 Manuscript=hastaprata Medial=aMtargata Monogram=ekAkSarI baMdha Numeral=24'} fler Obverse=2426115L Paleography=prAcInalipi -- vidyA Period=Ala PhoneticsdhvanyAtmaka Pictographic=falle45 Political=rAjakIya Proto-=AdyaReverse=pRSThabhAga Regnal=rAjyakAlanuM Reign=rAjyakAla Rock=khaDaka, zaila Rule=rekhApATI Scribe=lahiye Script=lipi Seal=mudrA Sealing=mudrAMka Slab=$415 Syllabic=zrutyAtmaka Tradition=anuzruti Transliteration=lezzata Vowel-sign=svaramAtrA Edict=zAsana Epigraphic=24 CHA (243 Epigraphist=24 clavulae Epigraphy=abhilekhavidyA EpochAraMbhavarSa Era saMvata, sana Excavation=@evyalat Facsimile=49141 Harappan=632414 Indigenous=dezI Indo-Aryan=bhAratIya-Arya Indo-Muslim=e11eal4 421 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #453
zuddhipatraka azuddha zuddha of pRSTha paMkti 9 14 50 2 para 11 64 11 "101 28 126 127 AkRti AkRti AkRti tamiLa rudradAmAne 19 tAmiLa rududAmAne aneka reNike paDatuM padya 128 11 135 kRSANa 145 sUtAbilikA gadya thazodharmA yadulava ane karaNika paDatuM.21 padma kuSANa bhUtAbilikA gadya yazodharmA paddalava tamiLa 149 tAmiLa hatuM. 22 158 ' 174 205 213 -225 4 23 dariNI sava paTana skaMdagupta 25 300 17 307 19 saurASTra cihana dakSiNa saMvata paTanA skaMdagupta saurASTra cina dharasena 2 jAnuM vaLA tAmrapatra ane haDappIya 346 ane '450 harapIya 422 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #454
UXE HUULY TXONTO THOM s 6 paTTa 1. mudrAe tathA sudrikAo (pR. 113) 2 For Personal & Private Use Only S

Page #455

Page #456
eur 1 TRUP2 WAYN W o wie er hos TOT I (4 993) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #457

Page #458
mar: na karI zake hakArAvasArA kAkA TikiTa nannatananananana+. nanananana +nanananananana nanana nana - * nita * , kaME 3 sirmwHFka nA kAkA chokarA sAthe ja rAjakoTa nA nanananananananAdanAkhI zako -nAnAmatana-mana nAnAnAnAtanamAjhanA - morabAganA pAvAvAmAM paDhArasa janamAnasamAja karatA raka 6 - che ke ke karsa ****** *:nAnakaDA zAkhAnAnA-na paTTa 3. zilA-samudugaka, devanI merI (pR. 115) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #459

Page #460
For Personal & Private Use Only 644>>=yyz8js'gfsxten URLmara basa sao] ASJI yo VO S73540 thIkaphUTa pasara maLa6 ukS6-17 UPDAclay L 2. 22 Feyleyeszwaren H r`ngkhkr 28030 raayaelakhwaam sthaan m262 Cu TaUsa tara jInaa 35617/3ma yu0PUT >> hn kdee ny hoonn tHk = uHdhuu km naam jpdee vHl EYECANTE: Nutrice EUNION YA SEAIAN JA Berry jiikrythaapngvaa AU ykpnggrtmriepkaevupngruup vtti mh ( & 35 primqave 18-pv58oXg// sqpqj9+5 3 Enga 9 JAN_068Z0 maaaelng 48 49 50 nyayhkaann0 eimd 3 n oksaad hida pa ( bM naank puue urgenon reuuyoJi Au 92184-387-3300 9 8 10 8 299 300 - h`m`myaang 18586829243 RECENT 45 yl 2 TRAN , Asqe FREE BATX y s :10. aelakhngkhaa 2690 baa hoeyklngnnsmaagmypnt2ynyngss DEAS phaakkaanbk phntha - Randu, He dunk be of 71 A kh ee p k ` n n nyaab? mnkhobkhob 9 Eye ---sa}8-64 7 Te zana yaY=00 15vana mAM spaoN x 82-5898 TATIAN RUISE rantee to t WAKALA+Y pppp Be a 26 bii bbrt 4020052 pa' 4. valabhInA dAnazAsananu lakhANa (pR. 120) 1280

Page #461

Page #462
mrD lkbyr w lknh thwm wt - lml bh <Page #463

Page #464
(2. ex) / Se # Tantu mo 4 Y al. tel For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #465

Page #466
hl - wn w slTnTrnt wlrD lrh Glt khshwrn stn !hm ( .) taria 3en . ? * For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #467

Page #468
vaa SERS co (1. ey) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #469

Page #470
parAmarza kano abhiprAya abhilekhavidyA aMgenI samRddha mAhitI ane vivAda vivecanAthI yukta A pustaka abhyAsIne khUba ja madadarUpa thaze. | viSayanI chaNAvaTa, tArkikatA ane suzliSTa thanamAM A pustaka jarUra sArI bhAta pADaze. gujarAtImAM abhilekhavidyAnuM vizada nirUpaNa karavAmAM A pustaka anokhuM ane mA zAka che ja e ni:saMzaya che. vividha prakAranA | abhilekhAnA abhyAsamAM ' teTalI sabhara sAmagrIthI A "645663 2. nAnA prasArathI AbhalekhavidyA pratyenI ruci vadhaze. -Do. panubhAI Serving JinShasan O SARL glo gyani andir@kobatirth.org For Personal & Private Use Only