Kavyalankar Sutra Vrutti

Author(s): Vamanacharya, Vishweshwar Siddhant Shiromani, Nagendra
Publisher: Atmaram and Sons
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010067/1

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hindI anusandhAna pariSad granthamAlA - prantha 1 paNDitavarazrIvAmanaviracitA kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttiH [ 'kAvyAlaGkAradIpikA' hindIvyAsyAvibhUSitA ] vyAkhyAkAra AcArya vizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNi adhyakSa, 'zrIdhara anusandhAna vibhAga' gurukula vizvavidyAlaya, vRndAvana tathA sammAnya sadasya, hindI anusandhAna pariSad dillI vizvavidyAlaya sampAdaka DA0 nagendra, ema. e., DI.liT hindI anusandhAna pariSad, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI kI ora se AtmArAma eNDa saMsa prakAzaka tathA pustaka - vikretA kAzmIrI geTa, dillI-6 dvArA prakAzita

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prakAzaka rAmalAla purI AtmArAma eNDa sasa kAzmIrI geTa, dillI-6 mUlya 12) saM0 2011 . 1954 I0 mudraka nyU iNDiyA presa kanATa sarkasa naI dillI

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hamArI yojanA 'hindI kAvyAlaGkArasUtra', 'hindI anusandhAna pariSad granthamAlA' kA pahalA grantha hai / hindI anusandhAna pariSad, hindI- vibhAga, dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI, kI saMsthA hai jisakI sthApanA aktUbara 1952 meM huI thI / isakA kArya - kSetra hindI bhASA evaM sAhitya viSayaka anusandhAna taka hI sImita hai aura kAryakrama mUlataH do bhAgo meM vibhakta hai| pahale vibhAga para gaveSaNAtmaka anuzIlana kA aura dUsare para usake phalasvarUpa upalabdha sAhitya ke prakAzana kA dAyitva hai / pariSad ne isa varSa pA~ca grantho ke prakAzana kI yojanA banAI hai / prastuta grantha ke atirikta do grantha aura prakAzita ho cuke hai : (1) madhyakAlIna hindI kavayitriyoM aura (2) anusandhAna kA svarUpa / zranya do grantha-'hindI voktijIvita' tathA 'hindI sAhitya para sUphImata kA prabhAva' bhI presa meM hai / uparyukta grantho meM se 'anusandhAna kA svarUpa' anusandhAna ke mUla siddhAnta tathA prakriyA ke sambandha meM mAnya AcAryoM ke nibandho kA saGkalana hai; 'hindI vakrotijIvita' zrAcArya 'kuntaka' ke prasiddha grantha 'vakroktijIvitam' kI hindIvyAkhyA hai, aura zeSa dono grantha dillI vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pI-eca DI ke lie svIkRta gaveSaNAtmaka prabandha hai / isa yojanA ko kAryAnvita karane meM hameM hindI kI suprasiddha prakAzana - sasthA - ' zrAtmArAma eNDa sasa' ke adhyakSa zrI rAmalAla purI kA sakriya sahayoga prApta hai / unake amUlya sahayoga ne hame prAyaH sabhI prakAra kI vyAvahArika cintAno se mukta kara yaha avasara diyA hai ki hama apanA dhyAna aura zakti pUrNataH sAhityika kArya para hI kendrita kara sakeM / 'hindI anusandhAna pariSad' zrI purI ke prati apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa karatI hai / caitra zuklA pratipadA, 2011 vi0 nagendra adhyakSa hindI anusandhAna pariSad dillI vizvavidyAlaya, dillI

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bhUmikA AcArya vAmana aura rIti siddhAnta lekhaka - DA0 nagendra

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tattroM meM unhoMne guNoM ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai - rasa kA guNa ke hI eka tatva rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / kAvya kI paribhASA aura svarUpa : vAmana ne yadyapi kAvya kI paribhASA pRthaka rUpa se nahIM dI, phira bhI Arambha meM hI unhoMne kAvya ke lakSaNa aura svarUpa kA nirdeza kiyA hai : kAvyazabdo'ya guNAlaGkArasaskRtayoH zabdArthayorvartate - arthAt guNoM aura alaGkAroM se saMskRta (bhUSita) zabda aura artha ke lie 'kAvya' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / isI tathya ko aura spaSTa karate hue vAmana ne likhA hai :- kAvya alaGkAra ke kAraNa hI grAhya hotA hai / * alaMkAra kA artha hai saundarya aura saundarya kA samAveza doSoM ke bahiSkAra aura guNa tathA alaMkAra ke AdAna se hotA hai / guNa nitya dharma haiM, alaGkAra anitya -- kevala guNa saundarya kI sRSTi kara sakate haiM parantu kevala alaGkAra nahIM : arthAt guNa kI sthiti anivArya hai, alaGkAra kI vaikalpika / isa prakAra vAmana ke anusAra guNo se anivAryata aura alaGkAroM se sAdhAraNataH yukta tathA doSa se rahita zabdaartha kA nAma kAvya hai / vAmana kI isA paribhASA ko dhvanivAdI mammaTa ne yathAvat svIkAra karate hue kAvya kA lakSaNa kiyA hai. tadadoSau zabdArthoM saguNAvanalakRtI punaH kvApi - kAvya usa zabdArtha kA nAma hai jo doSoM se rahita aura guNoM se yukta ho-- sAdhAraNataH alaMkRta bhI ho parantu yadi kahI alakAra na bhI ho to koI hAni nahIM / arthAt doSoM se rahita tathA guNo se anivAryataH evaM zralaGkAroM se sAdhAraNataH yukta zabda- zrartha ko kAvya kahate haiM / mammaTa ne vAmana kA siddhAnta rUpa se ghora virodha kiyA hai, parantu kAvyalakSaNa unhoMne vAmana kA hI jyoM kA tyoM uddhRta kara diyA hai / saMskRta kAvya-zAstra meM vAmana ke pUrva bharata, bhAmaha aura daraDI ke kAvya-lakSaNa milate / bharata kA vAmana se maulika matabheda hai, bharata antartatva- rasa ko pradhAnatA dete haiM, vAmana bAhya tatva rIti ko / bhAmaha aura daraDI bhI dehavAdiyo me hI Ate haiM, ataeva isa prasaMga meM unhIM ke lakSaNoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana adhika sArthaka hogA / bhAmaha kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : zabdArthoM sahitau kAvya- sahita arthAt sAmaMjasyapUrNaM zabda-arthaM ko kAvya kahate haiM / bhAmaha ne zabda aura artha * kAvyaM grAhyamalakArAt ||1|| saundaryamalakAraH // 2 // bhyAm // 3 // (+) sa doSaguNAlaka | rahAnAdAnA (kAnyAla kArasUtravRtti. 1, 1 )

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ke sAmaMjasya ko kAvya ko saMjJA dI hai| isI prakAra daNDI ne kAvya ko 'iSTArthavyavacchinnApadAvalI'-arthAt abhilaSita artha ko vyakta karane vAlI padAvalI mAnA hai| uparyukta donoM lakSaNoM meM kevala zabdAvalI kA bheda haiiSTArtha ko abhivyakta karane vAlA zabda-aura zabda-artha kA sAhitya yA sAmaMjasya eka hI bAta hai kyoMki zabda iSTa artha kI abhivyakti tabhI kara sakatA hai jaba zabda aura artha meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya evaM sahabhAva ho| Age calakara bhAmaha aura daNDI ke vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zabda aura artha kA sAmaMjasya hI kAvya-saundarya hai aura vaha alaGkAra se abhinna hai| isa prakAra unake anusAra kAvya nisargataH alaGkAra-yukta hotA hai / bhAmaha aura daNDI ne vAstava meM guNa aura alaGkAra meM bheda nahIM kiyA-donoM hI alaGkAra haiM / dehavAdI prAcAryoM meM kuntaka kA sthAna anyatama hai| unakA mata hai ki vakroktiyukta bandha (pada-racanA) meM sahabhAva se vyavasthita zabda-artha hI kAvya zabdArthoM sahitau vakrakavivyApArazAlini vandhe vyavasthitau kAvyaM"" / yahAM bhI mUla tathya vahI hai-vacana-bhaMgimA bhinna hai| 'guNa aura alaGkAra se yukta ke sthAna para kuntaka ne kevala eka zabda 'cakrakavivyApArazAlI' prayukta kiyA hai : vAstava meM bhAmaha tathA daNDI ke alaGkAra aura vAmana ke guNa tathA alaMkAra ko kuntaka ne vakrokti meM antarbhUta kara liyA hai aura ve usI ke prastAra mAtra bana gae haiN| inake viparIta dUsarA varga sAhityika prAtmavAdiyoM kA hai jisake antargata bharata, Anandavardhana, mammaTa, vizvanAtha, paNDitarAja jagannAtha Adi zrAcArya pAte haiM / bharata ne rasamayI, sukhabodhya mRdu-lalita padAvalI ko kAvya mAnA hai-Age ke prAcAryoM ne isI me sazodhana karate huye use rasAtmaka vAkya athavA ramaNIyArtha-pratipAdaka zabda kahA hai / ina prAcAryoM ne spaSTatayA AMtarika tatva artha-sampadA para adhika bala diyA hai, jabaki uparyukta sAhityika dehavADhiyo ne bAhya rUpAkAra para / isa pRSThabhUmi meM vAmana ke lakSaNa kA vivecana karane para nimnalikhita tathya sAmane Ate haiM : (1) vAmana zabda aura artha dono ko samAna mahatva dete haiM sahita

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zabda kA prayoga na karate hue bhI ve donoM ke sAhitya ko hI kAvya kA mUla aMga mAnate haiN| doSa ko ve kAvya ke lie asahya mAnate haiM : isIlie saundarya kA samAveza karane ke lie doSa kA bahiSkAra pahalA pratibandha hai| guNa kAvya kA nitya dharma hai arthAt usakI sthiti kAvya ke lie anivArya hai| (1) alaGkAra kAvya kA anitya dharma hai-usakI sthiti vAMchanIya hai, anivArya nhiiN| yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki vAmana kA lakSaNa nirdoSa nahIM hai| lakSaNa ativyApti aura adhyAti doSoM se mukta honA cASiye : usakI zabdAvalI sarvathA spaSTa kintu saMtulita honI cAhiye-usameM koI zabda anAvazyaka nahIM honA cAhie / isa dRSTi se, pahale to vAmana kA aura vAmana ke anukaraNa para mammaTa kA doSa ke prabhAva ko lakSaNa meM sthAna denA adhika saMgata nahIM hai| doSa kI sthiti eka to sApekSika hai, dUsare, doSa kAvya me bAdhaka to ho sakatA hai, parantu usake astitva kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM kara sktaa| kANatva athavA klIvalba manuSya ke vyaktitva kI hAni karatA hai, manuSyatA kA niSedha nahIM karatA / isalie doSAbhAva ko kAvya-lakSaNa meM sthAna denA anAvazyaka hI hai| isake atirika alaGkAra kI vAMchanIyatA bhI lakSaNa kA aMga nahIM ho sakatI / manuSya ke lie alaMkaraNa vAMchanIya to ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha manuSyatA kA anivArya guNa nahIM ho sakatA / vAstava meM lakSaNa ke antargata vAMchanIya tathA vaikalpika ke lie sthAna hI nahIM hai| lakSaNa meM mUla, pArthakyakArI vizeSatA rahanI cAhie : bhAvAtmaka athavA amAvAtmaka sahAyaka guNoM kI sUcI nhiiN| isa dRSTi se bhAmaha kA lakSaNa "zabda-artha kA sAhitya kahIM adhika tatva-gata tathA maulika hai| jahAM zabda hamAre artha kA anivArya mAdhyama bana jAtA hai vahIM vANI ko saphalatA hai| yahI abhivyakSanAvAda kA mUla siddhAnta hai-kroce ne atyanta prabala zabdoM meM isI kA sthApana aura vivecana kiyA hai| AsmAbhivyaMjana kA siddhAnta bhI yahI hai| maulika aura vyApaka dRSTi se bhAmaha kA lakSaNa atyanta zuddha aura mAnya hai / parantu isa para ativyApti kA Aropa kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura paravartI prAcAryoM ne kiyA bhI hai| Aropa yaha hai ki yaha to abhivyajanA kA lakSaNa huA-kAvya kA nahIM / zabda aura artha kA sAmaMjasya ukti kI saphalatA hai-abhivyaJjanA

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kI saphalatA hai / parantu kyA kevala saphala ukti athavA saphala abhivyaMjanA hI kAvya hai ? hamAre zrAcaryoM ne bharata se lekara rAmacandra zukla taka ne impakA niSedha kiyA hai| udhara videza meM bhI arastu se lekara ricarDasa taka sabhI ne isakA prativAda kiyA hai / bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM isIlie vizva - nAtha ko 'rasAtmaka' zabda kA prayoga karanA paDA aura paDitarAja jagannAtha ko 'ramaNIyArtha pratipAdaka' vizeSaNa lagAnA paDA - zukla jI ne bhI isIlie ramaNIya aura rAgAtmaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina zrAcAryoM ke anusAra pratyeka artha aura zabda kA sAmaMjasya kAvya nahIM hai - ramaNIya artha aura zabda kA sAmaMjasya hI kAvya hai / dUsare zabdoM meM pratyeka (saphala) ukti kAvya nahIM sarasa yA ramaNIya ( ramaNIya artha ko vyakta karane vAlI) ukti hI kAvya hai / grarastU ne bhI bhAva-vaibhava para isI dRSTi se adhika bala diyA hai--aura yAdhunika manovaijJAnika Alocaka ricarDasa bhI, jo ki kAvya ko mUlataH eka anubhava mAnate haiM, isa anubhava ke lie - prakAra kI dRSTi se nahIM - prabhAva Adi kI dRSTi se katipaya guNoM kI sthiti anivArya mAnate haiM / sthUla zabdoM meM pratyeka anubhava kAvya nahIM hai- samRddha anubhava' hI kAvya hai / parantu isa tarka ke viruddha bhAmaha ke lakSaNa ke samarthana meM bhI yukti dI jA sakatI hai - aura vaha yaha ki zabda aura artha kA sAmaMjasya apane Apa meM hI ramaNIya hotA hai usake lie ramaNIya vizeSaNa kI zrAvazyakatA nahIM / kroce kA yahI mata hai ki saphata ukti svayaM sauMdarya hai--usake atirikta saundarya koI bAhya tatva nahIM hai / "saphala abhivyaMjanA hI saundarya hai kyoM ki saphala abhivyaMjanA to abhivyaMjanA hI nahIM hotI / " (kroce ) / bhAratIya kAvya-zAstra meM kuntaka ko sUkSma dRSTi isa tathya taka pahucI hai aura unhoMne isa virodhAbhAsa ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / eka sthAna para sAhitya grarthAt zabda aura artha ke sahabhAva kA artha spaSTa karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki zabda aura artha kA yaha sahabhAva kevala cAcya vAcaka-sambandha-rUpa nahIM honA cAhie-- usame to cakratA- caicitraya guNAlaMkAra-sampadA kI mAno paraspara spardhA rahanI cAhie / anyathA kevala vAcya vAcaka sambandha hone se to vaha zrAhlAd 1 rica eksapIriyasa 2 cakranAviMcitraguNAlakArasampadA parasparaspardhAdhiroha. / (=)

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hue cAra zlokoM meM usakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai : vANI ke aneka mArga haiM jinameM paraspara atyanta sUkSma bheda haiN| inameM se paidarbha aura gauDIya mArgoM kA, jinakA pArasparika bheda atyanta spaSTa hai, aba varNana kiyA jaaegaa| zleSa, prasAda, samatA, mAdhurya, sukumAratA, arthavyakti, udAratA, bhoja, kAnti aura samAdhi-ye daza guNa vaidarbha mArga ke prANa haiN| gauDa mArga meM prAyaH inakA viparyaya lakSita hotA hai / + + + + isa prakAra pratyeka kA svarUpanirUpaNa kara ina donoM mArgoM kA antara spaSTa kara diyA hai| kintu jahAM taka pratyeka kavi meM sthita (pratyeka kavi ko apanI prakRti ke anusAra) inake bhedoM kA sambandha hai, unakA varNana sambhava nahIM hai| daNDI kA uparyukta vivecana saMkSipta hote hue bhI atyaMta mahatvapUrNa haiN| unake mantavya kA sAra isa prakAra hai : (1) rIti kA astitva sarvathA vastugata nahIM hotA : pratyeka kavi kI apanI viziSTa rIti hotI hai-kavi anepha haiM ataeva rItiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI aneka haiM / isa prakAra daNDI ne atyanta nirdhAnta zabdoM meM roti meM vyakti-tasva kI sattA svIkAra kI hai| (2) sAmAnyataH apanI atyanta pRthaka vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa do mArga yA rItiyAM-vaidarbha aura gaur3Iya daNDI ke samaya taka kaviyoM aura kAvyarasikoM meM prasiddha ho cuke the / daNDI ne unakA astitva to loka-paramparA ke anusAra nizcayarUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu unako nirapekSa nahIM mAnA astyaneko girA mArga. sUkSmamedaH parasparam / tatra vaidarbhagauDIyo vaNyete prasphuTAntarau // 40 // zlepaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhurya sukumAratA / / arthavyaktirudAratvamojaH kAntisamAdhayaH // 4 // iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANA dazaguNAH smRtaaH| epA viparyaya prAyo lakSyate goDavamani // 42 // + + + + iti mArgadaya minna tatsvarUpanirUpaNAt / / todAstu na zakyante vaktuM pratikavisthitAH // 101 // (pra0 pariccheda-kAvyAdarza) (34).

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(3) daNDI ne sabase prathama rIti aura guNa kA sambandha sthApita kiyA hai - bANa bhaTTa ne jisakA saMketa mAtra kiyA thA-- daNDI ne use niyama- baddha kara diyA / (4) bharata ne zleSa, prasAda Adi ko kAvya guNa mAnA hai, paraMtu daraDI ne unheM vaidarbha mArga ke guNa mAnA hai| isakA abhiprAya kadAcit yaha hai ki ve vaidarbha mArga ko kAvya ke lie Adarza mAnate haiM - athavA vaidarbha kAvya aura satkAvya ko abhiza mAnate haiM / " (5) gaur3Iya mArga meM daNDI ke anusAra uparyukta guNoM kA prAyaH vipayaya rahatA hai / prAyaH kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki unameM se (1) arthavyaktiarthAt artha kI sphuTa pratoti karAne kI zakti, (2) zradArya - zrarthAt pratipAdya artha meM utkarSa kA samAveza, aura (3) samAdhi -- arthAt eka vastu ke dharmaM kA dUsarI vastu meM samyakU rIti se pradhAna - lAkSaNika aura aupacArika prayoga zakti- ye tIna guNa donoM meM samAna haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki ina tIna guNoM ko daNDI kAvya ke lie anivArya mAnate haiM kyoMki artha - vyaktihIna kAvya hRdayaMgama nahIM ho sakatA, audArya - rahita hokara vaha itivRtta kathana raha jAtA hai aura samAdhi ko to daNDI ne spaSTa zabdoM meM 'kAvya-sarvasva' mAnA hI hai / ina tIna guNoM ke atirikta zeSa sAta guNoM kA viparyaya gauDIya mArga kA AdhAra hai / saMskRta ke vidvAnoM meM daraDI ke 'eSAM viparyayaH - inakA viparyaya' ina do zabdoM ko lekara bar3A vivAda calA hai / kucha vidvAna eSAM (inake) kA artha karate haiM dazaguNoM kA, aura viparyaya kA artha karate haiM vaiparItya / dUsare vidvAna eSAM kA sambandha prANA:- mUlatatva se sthApita karate haiM aura viparyaya kA karate haiM anyathAtva; isa prakAra unake anusAra daNDI kA zrAzaya : zleSAdi vaidamaM mArga ke mUla tatva haiM; gauDIya mArga ke mUlatatva inase anyathA hai / vidvAnoM kA eka tIsarA varga ina donoM se bhinna artha karatA hai-- eSAM ko to guNoM kA hI vAcaka mAnate haiM, parantu viparyaya kA artha anyathAtva karate haiM / isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki gaur3Iya mArga meM zleSAdi daza guNoM kA anyathA rUpa milatA hai / aba uparyukta AkhyAnoM kI parIkSA kIjie / pahale AkhyAna ke biruddha yaha AkSepa hai ki jaba uparyukta daza guNa saundarya-bodhaka haiM to inake viparIta ( 32 )

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rUpa kurUpatA-bodhaka hue arthAt doSa hue / gaur3Iya mArga ke mUlatatva yadi kurUpatA-bodhaka doSa hai to phira use kAvya-mArga kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? aura vAstava meM daNDI ne gauDIya mArga ke prasaMga meM jitane udAharaNa die haiM ve kukAvya ke udAharaNa nahIM haiM / isa AkSepa kA uttara diyA jA sakatA hai: daNDI ne guNa ke viparyaya ko doSa nahIM mAnA hai-vyutpannatA, dIti aura atyukti to doSa haiM hI nahIM-zaithilya aura vaiSamya ko bhI nirapekSa rUpa se doSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / vAmana ne to bandha-zaithilya ko zabda-guNa mAnA hI hai| unake uparAnta isI satya kA udghATana Anandavardhana ne aura bhI spaSTa zabdoM meM kiyA hai / pada-racanA kA koI rUpa-samasta athavA asamasta pada, gADha athavA sphuTa bandha apane Apa meM na kAvya kA apakarSaka hai na utkarSaka : viSaya aura bhAva ke anusAra ye donoM hI guNa ho sakate haiM, aura donoM hI doSa / isalie zleSAdi guNoM ke viparyaya-jinakI sthiti gauDIya mArga meM mAnI gaI hai-doSa-vAcaka nahIM haiM, zleSAdi ke tulya utkarSavAcaka cAhe na hoN| upayukta tarpha dUsare pAkhyAna kI kliSTa kalpanA ko anAvazyaka banA detA hai / daNDI ne nizcaya hI paidarbha mArga ko zreSTha aura gaur3Iya ko nikRSTa mAnA hai| isalie zloka ke uttarArdha kA yaha artha ki gaur3a mArga ke mUla tatva vaidarbha ke mUla tatvoM se kevala bhinna hote haiM kliSTAndhaya hone ke atirikta prasaMga-viruddha bhI hai| tIsarA akhyAna bhI hamAre upayukta vivecana ke prakAza meM anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai : jaba vaiparIsya doSa nahIM hai to anyathAtva kI kalpanA hI kyoM kI jAe ? vaise bhI daNDI ke vyutpanna prAdi viparyayoM meM vaiparItya ke sAtha sAtha cAhe anyathAtva bhI bhale hI ho, parantu zaithilya aura vaiSamya ke viSaya meM to aisI koI zaMkA nahIM ho sakatI-ve to nizcaya hI pUrNatayA viparIta rUpa haiN| isalie viparyaya kA artha anyathAtva karane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kyoki daNDI ke pUrvoddhRta viparyayoM meM se kisI meM bhI vaiparItya kA abhAva nahIM hai :-vyutpanna Adi meM prAMzika vaiparItya hai aura zaithilya Adi me puurnn| niSkarSa yaha hai ki 'eSAM se daNDI kA zrAzaya daza guNoM kA aura 'viparyaya se caiparItya kA hI hai / daNDI ne gauDa mArga ko hInatara mAnate hue bhI (36)

Page #16
kAvya-mArga hI mAnA hai, ataeva guNoM ke viparyayoM kI kalpanA bhI kAvya kI paridhi ke bhItara hI kI hai : udAharaNa ke lie prasAda kA viparyaya 'kliSTa' kAnti ( svAbhAvika varNana) kA 'asvAbhAvikatA', aura saukumArya (komala aura niSThura varNoM kA ramaNIya mizraNa) kA viparyaya kevala 'streNa zrathavA zrutikaTu varNoM kA prayoga' nahIM mAnA kyoM ki ye sabhI viparyaya kAvya kI paridhi se bAhara paDha jAte / isake viparIta unhoMne kAvya kI paridhi ke bhItara hI kramazaH vyutpanna - arthAt zAstra jJAna para zrAzrita, atyukti tathA dIpti ko hI prasAda kAnti aura saukumArya kA viparyaya mAnA hai / isI kAraNa arthavyakti audArya aura samAdhi ke viparyaya diye hI nahIM gae kyoMki unase kAvya kI hAni ho jAtI -- unheM vaidarbha aura gauDa donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se zrAvazyaka mAna liyA gayA hai| daNDI ke uparAnta to vAmana dvArA rIti sampradAya kI sthApanA ho hI jAtI hai / unake vivecana ke phala-svarUpa rIti kA svarUpa, AdhAra, kSetra, prakAra Adi kA nirdhAraNa ho jAtA hai / rIti ko paribhASA aura svarUpa rIti kA artha :- rIti zabda kA prayoga sabase pahale vAmana ne kiyA hai| jaisA ki bhoja ne apanI paribhASA meM spaSTa kiyA hai rIti zabda roD dhAtu se banA hai-- isakA vyutpatti-artha hai gati, mArga yA prasthAna, aura rUDha artha hai paddhati, vidhi zrAdi / vAmana se pUrva daNDI ne aura vAmana ke uparAnta kuntaka Adi ne roti ke lie mArga zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / paribhASA :- vAmana se pUrva yadyapi bhAmaha aura daNDI ne rIti kI lakSaNa yA paribhASA isa prakAra roti carcA kI hai, parantu una donoM meM se kisI ne bhI rIti kA nahIM kI / yaha kArya bhI sarva prathama vAmana ne hI kiyA / zabda ke prathama prayoktA, rIti ke lakSaNakartA, aura rIti-sampradAya ke saMsthApaka vAmana hI haiM / zrataeva rIti kA svarUpa samajhane ke lie zrAdhAra rUpa meM unakI hI zabdAvalI kA zrAzraya lenA saMgata hogA / vAmana ke anusAra rIti kA artha hai viziSTa pada-racanA - viziSTA padaracanA rItiH / kA0 sU0 1127 / viziSTa kA artha hai guNa-sampanna --vizeSo ( 37 )

Page #17
guNAtmA / 1 // 2 // 8 // guNa se tAtparya hai kAvya- zobhA - kAraka ( zabda aura artha ke) dharma kA || 22|1| kyoMki yaha to samasta ke dharma' kA artha huA-- isa prakAra vAmana ke anusAra rIti kI paribhASA huI :- - kAvya- zobhAkAraka zabda aura artha ke dhamo se yukta pada-racanA ko rIti kahate haiN| yahAM 'kAvya-zobhA-kAraka zabda aura artha ke dharmoM se yukta' zabdAvalo kucha bikharI huI hai| isameM eka to 'kAvya' zabda anAvazyaka hai prapaMca hI kAvya kA hai / 'zAbhA -kAraka zabda aura artha zabda aura artha -gata saundarya - yA zabda- camatkAra tathA arthavAmanakRta paribhASA kA rUpa huA : zabda tathA artha-gata camatkAra se yukta padaracanA kA nAma rIti hai / isako aura bhI saMkSipta kiyA jA sakatA hai : 'zabda tathA artha- gata saundarya se yukta' ke sthAna para kevala 'sundara' kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / sundara padaracanA yA samyak padaracanA kA nAma rIti hai / - camatkAra | aura zrataeva vAmana ke anusAra " zabda aura artha - gata saundarya se yukta padaracanA kA nAma rIti hai / " athavA "sundara padaracanA kA nAma roti hai--yaha saundarya zabda-gata tathA zrarthagata hotA hai / " vAmana ke uparAnta dhanya zrAcAryoM ne bhI rIti kA lakSaNa - zrathavA svarUpa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / zrAnandavardhana ne usako saMghaTanA nAma diyA hai / samyak arthAt yathocita ghaTanA -- padaracanA kA nAma saMghaTanA athavA rIti hai / zrAnandavardhana ne vAstava meM vAmana kI paribhASA ko hI saMkSipta kara diyA hai / vAmana kA pada-racanA aura zrAnandavardhana kA ghaTanA zabda to paryAya hI haiM : dono ke vizeSaNoM meM bhI koI maulika antara nahIM hai / vAmana ne padaracanA ko zabda aura athaM-gata saundarya se yukta (guNAtmaka) kahA hai, Anandavardhana ne usake lie samyak (yathocita) vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai / zrAnandavardhana ke sAmane rasa kA mAnadaNDa thA-- - isalie unhoMne tadanukUla 'samyak' - yathocit zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA kyoMki rasa ko pramANa mAnane ke uparAnta usake anusAra zraucitya-nirdhAraNa sahaja ho jAtA hai| vAmana ke samakSa isa prakAra kA mAnadaNDa koI nahIM thA ---- unhoMne zabda artha kA hI carama mAna svIkAra karate huye zabda aura arthagata saundarya ko vizeSaNa mAnA hai / ataeva zrAnandavardhana aura vAmana kI paribhASAoM meM maulika sAmya hote hue bhI vizeSaNoM me sUkSma aMtara hai zrAnandavardhana ke siddhAntAnusAra rIti rasAzrayI hai, ataeva unhoMne ghaTanA -- yA 1 (3) 1

Page #18
padaracanA ke lie 'samyak-yathocit' vizeSaNa kA prayoga kiyA hai / vAmana kI rIti svataMtra hai-ataeva unake mata se padaracanA kA vaiziSTya apane zabda aura arthagata saundarya se abhinna hai| Anandavardhana kI rIti rasa-rUpa saundarya kI sAdhana hai : "vyanakki sA rasAdIn" (2035), vAmana kI rIti apane Apa meM siddhi hai| ___ Ananda ne apane mata kA vyAkhyAna karate hue Age likhA hai| saMghaTanA tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI hai-asamAsA, madhyamasamAsA aura dIrghasamAsA / 3, 2 // vaha mAdhuryAdi guNoM ke Azraya se sthita rasoM ko abhivyakta karatI hai / 3, 6 // 2 ___ isa prakAra Anandavardhana ne roti ke sambandha me tIna bAte kaho haiM:(7) roti yA saMghaTanA ke svarUpa kA AdhAra kevala samAsa hai : usI kA zrAkAra athavA sadbhAva-abhAva rItiyoM ke vibhAjana kA AdhAra hai| arthAt mUrtarUpa meM rIti kA svarUpa-nirdhAraNa samAsa kI sthiti athavA AkAra dvArA hotA hai| (2) rIti kI sthiti guNoM ke Azraya se hai-nIti guNAzrayI hai| (1) vaha rasAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama hai| Anandavardhana ke uparAnta rAjazekhara ne rIti kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA hai| unhoMne rIti kI paribhASA kI hai : vacana-vinyAsa-kramo rItiH arthAt vacana-vinyAsa kA krama rIti hai| yaha paribhASA vAmana ko paribhASA se mUlataH bhinna nahIM hai kevala zabdoM kA aMtara hai| vacana kA artha hai zabda yA pada aura vinyAsa-krama kA artha hai racanA / rAjazekhara ne kAvyapuruSa ke rUpaka kA prasaMga hone ke kAraNa vANI se sambandha rakhane vAle zabda prayukta kiye haiMlekhana se sambaddha zabda nhiiN| isIlie pada athavA zabda ke sthAna para vacana aura racanA ke sthAna para vinyAsa-krama kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kuntaka ne rIti kA nAma phira mArga rakha diyA aura rIti-viSayaka vivecana me krAnti upasthita karane kA prayatna kiyA / kuntaka svataMtra vicAravAn zrAcArya the-unhoMne kAvya meM kavi-svabhAva ko mukhya mAnate hue usI ke 1 asamAsA, samAsena madhyamena ca bhUSitA / tathA dIrghasamAseti tridhA saghaTanoditA // 3, 5 // 2 guNAnAzritya tiSThantI, mAdhuryAdIn vyanakti sA / rasAn" "3, 6 // (36)

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tatva mAnate the / uttara-dhvani zrAcAryoM ne alaGkAra aura alaGkArya ---vastu aura zailI athavA prANa aura deha kA antara spaSTa kiyA aura rasa dhvani ko kAvya kA prANatatva tathA rIti ko bAhyAMga mAnA - jisa prakAra zraMga saMsthAna zrAtmA kA upakAra karatA hai, isI prakAra rIti rasa kI upakanIM hai| unhoMne rIti ko kAvya kA mAdhyama mAnate hue varNa-saMyojana, tathA pada-racanA arthAt zabdagumpha tathA samAsa ko usake bahiraMga tatva aura guNa ko antaraga tatva svIkAra kiyA jisake zrAzraya se vaha rasa kI abhivyakti karatI hai / rIti ke niyAmaka hetu vAmana ne to rIti ko svatantra tathA sarvatantra sattA mAnI thI-- ataeva unake lie to rIti ke niyamana tathA niyAmaka hetuznoM kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA -- parantu zrAge calakara sthiti badala gaI / rIti ko paratantra honA paDA / anandavardhana ne rasa ko roti kA pramukha niyAmaka hetu mAnA hai / roti pUrNatayA rasa ke niyantraNa meM rahatI hai-usI ke adhIna kucha aura bhI hetu haiM jo upacAra se rIti kA niyamana karate haiN| rasa ke atirikta ye hetu tIna haiM vaktuaucitya, vAcya aucitya aura viSaya cacitya 1 tanniyame heturaucityaM vaktRvAcyayoH // 36 // usa ( saMghaTanA) ke niyamana kA hetu vaktA tathA vAcya kA zraucitya hai / isake atirikta viSayAzrayamapyanyadaucityaM tAM niyacchati / kAvyaprabhedAzrayataH sthitA bhedavatI hi sA // 37 // arthAt viSayAzrita aucitya bhI usakA ( saMghaTanA kA ) niyantraNa karatA I kAvya ke bhedoM ke Azraya se bhI usakA bheda ho jAtA hai / uparyukta tona niyAmaka hetuoM kI thoDI vyAkhyA apekSita hai| inakI paribhASA svayaM zrAnandavardhana ne kI hai / "vaktA kavi yA kavi- nibaddha ( do prakAra kA ) ho sakatA hai| aura kavi-nibaddha (vaktA) bhI rasabhAva (Adi) se rahita athavA rasabhAvayukta (do ( 43 )

Page #20
prakAra kA) ho sakatA hai / rasa bhI kathAnAyaka-niSTha aura usake virodhI (pratinAyaka)-niSTa (do prakAra kA) ho sakatA hai / kathAnAyaka bhI dhIrodAtyAdi bheda me vibhinna mukhya nAyaka athavA usake bAda kA (upanAyaka pIThamada) ho ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra vannA ke aneka vikalpa haiN"| (hindI dhvanyAloka pR0 244) / vAstava meM yaha vaktA ke svabhAva aura mana : sthiti kI vyAkhyA haivaktA ke svabhAva aura mana sthiti ke anukUla hI rIti kA prayoga ucita hai| "isI prakAra vAcya (artha bhI ) dhvanirUpa (pradhAna) rasa kA aMga (abhivyaMjaka) athavA rasAbhAsa kA aMga (abhivyakSaka), abhineyArtha yA anamineyArtha, uttama prakRti meM prAzrita, athavA usame minna (madhyama, adhama) prakRti meM Azrita-isa taraha nAnA prakAra kA ho sakatA hai| (hindI zvanyAloka, pR0 244) vAcya se abhiprAya yahAM viSaya-athavA viSayavastu yA varNya vastu kA hai jo nizcaya hI rIti kA niyAmaka hai kyoMki rIti kA prayoga nissaMdeha hI varya viSaya para nirbhara rahatA hai| sukumAra viSayoM kI varNana-zailI meM mArdava aura paruSa viSayoM kI zailI meM paruSatA svAbhAvika hI hai| aAnandavardhana ke anusAra tIsarA niyAmaka hetu hai viSaya | viSaya kA artha, jaisA ki svayaM lekhaka ne hI spaSTa kara diyA hai, viSaya-vastu athavA varya viSaya nahIM hai: usakA ullekha to vAcya ke dvArA kiyA hI jA cukA hai| viSaya me yahAM kAvya ke rUpa kA abhiprAya hai| 'muktaka, paryAyavandha, parikathA khaNDakayA, sakala kathA, sargabandha (mahAkAvya), abhineyArtha (rUpaka), zrAkhyAyikA aura kathA zrAdi (kAdhya ke) aneka prakAra haiN| inake Azraya se bhI maMghaTanA yA rIti meM meTa ho jAtA hai|" (hi. dhva0 pR0 24.) / saMskRta kAvya-zAstra meM bAhyAMgoM ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa karane kI pravRtti kucha adhika balavatI rahI hai| usameM prAyaH anAvazyaka bheTa-vistAra kiyA gayA hai isIlie umake aneka kAvya-meTa Age calakara mAnya nahIM hue : vizeSakara zailI mAtra para zrAzrita kAvya-rUpa prAyaH sabhI lupta ho cuke haiN| phira bhI Anandavardhana ke uparyuka mantavya se asahamata hone ke lie koI avakAza nahIM hai| mahA. phAvya aura nATaka mahaza kAvya-rUpoM kA prabhAva to racanA-rIti para atyanta pratyaca hI rahatA hai-unake atirikta aneka sUkSma bhedoM kA prabhAva bhI sahana (50)

Page #21
hIM lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie upanyAsa aura kahAnI muktaka aura gIta ke rUpa-bheda se unakI zailI meM bhI nizcaya hI bheda rahatA hai 1 uparyukta vivecana atyanta sArthaka hone ke atirikta sarvathA Adhunika bhI hai / yUropa ke kAvyazAstra meM zAstrIya - zrathavA chadma zAstrAya paramparAnoM ke bAhya mUlyoM ke viruddha manovijJAna sammata Antarika mUlyoM kI pratiSThA ke nimitta jo kArya unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM kiyA gayA (yadyapi vahAM bhI loMjAinasa, dAMte Adi aneka prAcIna zrAcArya usakA saMketa sekar3o haz2AroM varSa pUrva kara cuke the), use hamAre yahA zrAnandavardhana AThavI-navIM zatAbdI meM vidhivat sampAdita kara cuke the / rIti kA pravRtti, vRtti tathA zailI se antara zAstra meM rIti ke sahadharmI kucha anya kAvyAMgoM kA bhI prayoga milatA hai-- unase pArthakya kiye binA rIti kA vAstavika rUpa udghATita nahIM ho sakatA / rIti aura pravRtti kAlakramAnusAra sabase pahale to pravRtti ko lIjie / pravRtti kA vivecana sarva prathama bharata meM aura phira unake anukaraNa para rAjazekhara, bhoja aura ziMgabhUpAla Adi meM milatA hai / jaisA ki maiMne Arambha meM vivecana kiyA hai, bharata ke anusAra pravRtti usa vizeSatA kA nAma hai jo nAnA dezoM ke veza, bhASA tathA zrAcAra kA khyApana kare / " isa prakAra pravRtti kA sambandha kevala bhASA se hI na hokara veza tathA pracAra se bhI hai-- jabaki rIti kA sambandha kevala bhASA se hI hai| pravRtti pUre rahana-sahana ke DhaMga se sambandha rakhatI hai, aura rIti kevala bolane tathA likhane ke DhaMga se / pravRtti ke mUla tatva prAyaH bAhya tathA mUrta haiM -- rIti ke Antarika / zrataeva pravRtti kA nizcayAtmaka AdhAra bhaugolika hai parantu roti kA zrAdhAra kavi-svabhAvagata hI adhika hai / pravRtti vyavahArAtmaka hai, isIlie rAjazekhara ne usako kevala veza- vinyAsa-krama hI mAnA hai, rIti ekAnta sAhityika / - - 1 pRthivyA nAnA dezavezabhASAcAravArtA khyApayatIti pravRtti (+9) (nATyazAstra)

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isIlie pravRtti kA pratyakSa sambandha nATaka se hI hai-rIti kA kAvya se (yA nATaka ke kAvyAMga se)| parantu isa bheda ke rahate hue bhI yaha svIkAra karanA par3egA ki rIti kI kalpanA ke pIche pravRtti kI preraNA nissaMdeha vartamAna thii| rIti aura vRtti :-pravRtti kA pracalana atyanta sImita ho rahA-ataeva usake viSaya meM vizeSa bhrAnti utpanna nahIM huii| parantu vRtti aura rIti meM anta taka bhrAnti ke lie avakAza rhaa| vRtti ke saMskRta kAvya-zAstra meM aneka artha hai- kintu una sabakA prastuta prasaMga se sambandha nahIM hai / vRtti ke kevala do rUpa aise haiM jo rIti ke samAnadharmI haiM jinase usakA pArthakya Avazyaka hai / ye do rUpa haiM (1) nATya vRttiyAM : bhAratIya, sAtvatI, kaizikI tathA prAramaTI--jinheM pAndavardhana aura abhinava ne arthavRttiyAM kahA hai| (2) kAvya-vRttiyAM : upanAgarikA, paruSA aura komalA (grAmyA)-jinheM Anandavardhana tathA abhinava ne zabdavRttiyAM kahA hai| inheM anuprAsajAti bhI kahate haiN| ___ Anandavardhana ne vRtti kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai : vyavahAro hi vRttirityucyate- arthAt vyavahAra yA vyApAra kA nAma vRtti hai| abhinavagupta ne isI kI tAtvika vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai : tasmAd vyApAraH pumarthasAdhako vRttiH-puruSArtha-sAdhaka vyApAra kA nAma hI vRci hai| aura spaSTa zabdoM meM, pAtroM kI kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika vicitratA se yukta ceSTA hI vRtti hai / isa vyApAra kA varNana kAvya meM sarvatra hotA hai-koI bhI varNana vyApAra-zUnya nahIM hotA, isIlie vRtti ko kAvya kI mAtA kahA gayA hai : sarveSAmeva kAvyAnAM vRttayo mAtRkAH smRtAH / (bharata) yahAM vAcika ke sAtha hI kAyika aura mAnasika ceSTAoM kA bhI antarbhAva hai isalie vRtti kA rUpa zabdagata aura arthagata donoM prakAra kA hotA hai / Age calakara ye donoM rUpa pRthak ho jAte haiN| Anandavardhana ke zabdoM meM rasAnuguNa artha-vyavahAra bhAratI, sAsvatI zrAdi vRttiyoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, aura rasAnuguNa zabda-vyavahAra upanAgarikA, paruSA aura komalA vRttiyoM kA jinake udbhAvaka haiM prAcArya udbhaTa / unaTa ne inheM anuprAsajAti hI mAnA hai, ataeva unake mata se ye vRttiyAM varNa-vyavahAra mAtra hI hai-inameM padasaMghaTanA kA vicAra nahIM hai / ina vRttiyoM ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM prAcAryoM meM (12)

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matabheda rahA hai / rudraTa ne vRtti ko samAsa ke zrAzrita mAnA hai aura samAsayukta pada - saghaTanA ko usakA AdhAra svIkAra kiyA hai : nAmnAM vRttidvedhAbhavati samAsAsamAbhedena / zrAnandavardhana ne thoDA aura vyApaka rUpa dete hue use zabda - vyavahArarUpa mAnA hai / parantu zrAge calakara mammaTa ne phira udbhaTa ke anusaraNa para use niyatavarNavyApAra mAtra hI svIkAra kiyA hai / aura bAda meM calakara to vRtti kA rIti meM aMtarbhAva hI ho gayA / artha-vRtti upayukta I do prakAra kI vRttiyo meM pahalI kA rIti se nikaTa sambandha nahIM hai : inakA prayoga prAyaH nATaka ke prasaga meM hI hotA hainAja upanyAsa ke kSetra meM bhI inakI sArthakatA ho sakatI hai / kAyavAGmanasAM ceSTA (abhinavagupta) hone ke kAraNa inakI paridhi atyaMta vyApaka hai / rIti kA sambandha jahAM vANo se hI hai vahAM inakA sambandha zArIrika tathA mAnasika vyApAro se bhI hai / artha-vRtti kA sambandha caritra - vidhAna tathA vyaktitvacitraNa se hai : rIti vacana -racanA kA prakAra mAtra hai| hAM donoM ke mUla me rasAnukUlya kA AdhAra hone ke kAraNa rasa ke sambandha se unakA pArasparika sambandha sthira kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se kaizikI pAMcAlI ke samAnAntara hai, sAtvatI aura ArabhaTI gauDAyA ke, aura bhAratI vadarbhI kebharata ne yadyapi kevala zabda-vRtti mAnate hue usakA kSetra atyata sImita kara diyA hai phira bhI paravartI zrAcAryoM ne usakI sattA sarvatra mAnI hai : vRtti: sarvatra bhAratI (zAradAtanaya ) / ---- kA varNa-vRtti : dUsarI vRttiyoM kA -- upanAgarikA, paruSA tathA komalA -rItiyoM se itanA pratyakSa tathA ghaniSTha sambandha hai ki prAyaH unake viSaya bhrAnti ho jAtI hai| isa viSaya meM zrAcAryoM ke tIna mata haiM : (1) vRtti kI sattA rIti se svataMtra hai / udbhaTa ne kevala varNa-vyavahAra rUpa vRttiyoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai / rudraTa ne bhI samAsa ko AdhAra mAnate hue vRtti kA rIti se ISat pRthaka ullekha kiyA hai| udhara Anandavardhana tathA abhinava meM bhI donoM kA pRthaka varNana hai-- yadyapi Age calakara Anandavardhana le vRtti ko zabda - vyavahAra mAnakara vRtti aura roti kI ekatA svIkAra karalI hai / ( 53 )

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(2) mammaTa aura unake paravarSI zrAcArya paNDitarAja jagannAtha Adi vRtti aura roti ko eka hI mAnate haiN| mammaTa ne to upanAgarikA zrAdi vRttiyoM kA vivecana karane ke uparAnta spaSTa hI likha diyA hai ki inheM hI vedI Adi rItiyoM ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| jagannAtha ne rIti aura vRtti donoM zabdo kA hI baMdI Adi ke lie prayoga kiyA hai| (8) kucha prAcArya vRtti ko rIti kA aMga mAnata haiM : vRtti se unakA tAtparya varNa-gurapha kA hai aura varNa-gumpha rIti ke aneka tatvo meM se eka hai-zrataeva vaha usakA aga hai / vAmana ne vRtti kA kaizikI zrAdi ke artha meM hI ullekha kiyA hai, anuprAsa jAti ke artha me vRtti kA prayoga udbhaTa kA AviSkAra hai jise cAmana ne grahaNa nahIM kiyA / parantu unake rIti-vivecana se spaSTa hai ki anuprAsajAti ko ve rIti kA eka bAhya AdhAra-tatva mAnate haiN| isa prakAra apratyakSa rUpa se ve vRtti ko roti kA aga mAnate haiN| vizvanAtha ne rIti ke tIna tatva mAne haiM : racanA (zabda-gumpha), samAsa, tathA varNasaMyojanA / ataeva unake mata me bhI varNa-saMyojanA rUpa vRtti sambhavataH hI rIti kA aMga hai| uparyukta abhimatoM ke parIkSaNa ke uparAMta yaha pariNAma nikalatA hai ki yadi udbhaTa kA mata mAnya hai aura tadanusAra vRtti kevala varNa-gumpha kA nAma hai taba to vaha roti kA eka vAhya aAdhAra tatva hai, parantu yadi Anandavardhana ke anusAra use zabda-vyavahAra mAnA jAe to phira vaha rIti kA paryAya mAtra hai . uttara-dhvani kAla ke prAcAryoM kA yahI mata rahA hai| hamArA apanA vinamra maMtavya yaha hai ki vRtti zabda kI isa artha meM udbhAvanA aura usakA aMta taka prayoga usake pRthaka astitva ke pramANa haiM / vaha varNa-vyavahAra-Adhunika zabdAvalI meM varNa-saMyojanA-rUpa hai, aura rIti kA eka bAhya aga hai| rIti ke do bAhya tatva haiM : (1) saMghaTanA (zabda-yojanA, samAsa zrAdi) aura (2) varNa-yojanA jisakA dUsarA nAma hai vRtti / rIti aura zailI : rIti kA samAnadharmI aba kevala eka zabda raha jAtA hai : zailI / vaise to yaha zabda atyaMta prAcIna hai aura isakI vyutpatti zIla se huI hai| zAla kA artha hai svabhAva jo kuntaka ke mata meM rIti kA niyAmaka prAdhAra hai| jisa prakAra svabhAva kI abhivyakti kA mArga roti hai, usI prakAra zIla (svabhAva) kI abhivyakti-paddhati zailI bhI hai aura usake (54)

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vyutpatti artha meM bhI vaiyaktika tatva mUlataH vartamAna hai| parantu phira bhI bhAratIya kAvyazAstra meM isakA prayoga prastuta artha me prAya. nahIM huA / zAstra meM yaha zabda vyAkhyAna-paddhati zrAdi ke prasaMga meM hI prayukta huA hai: yathA'prAyeNa AcAryANAmiyaM zailI yat sAmAnyenAbhidhAya vizeSeNa vivRNoti / (kullUka bhaTTa kI TokA-manusmRti : baldeva upAdhyAya-bhAratIya sA. zA0 se uddhRt)| abhivyakti kI paddhati ke artha meM zailI kA prayoga Adhunika hI hai jo aMgarez2I ke sTAila zabda kA paryAya hai| viziSTa artha meM rIti aura zailI meM bahuta aMtara nahIM hai| zailI kI aneka paribhASAeM kI gaI haiN| zailI vicAroM kA paridhAna hai| zailI upayukta zabdAvalI kA prayoga hai| abhivyakti kI rIti kA nAma zailI hai / zailI bhASA kA vyaktigata prayoga hai / zailI hI vyakti hai, ityaadi| zailI ke do mUlatatva haiM : eka vyakti-tatva, aura dUsarA vastu tatva / yUropa ke kAvya-zAstra meM ina donoM tatvoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yUnAnI prAcAryoM ke uparAMta roma ke, aura unake uparAMta phrAMsa, igalaiMDa Adi ke aneka kAvya-zAstriyoM ne zailI ke vastu-tatva kA samyaka vivecana kiyA hai / aba raha jAtA hai zailI kA vaiyaktika tatva / vAstava meM zailI ke vyakti-tatva aura vastu-tatva meM vyakti-tatva hI pradhAna hai| usI ke dvArA zailIkAra zailI ke bAhya upakaraNoM kA samanvaya-anekatA meM ekatA kI sthApanA karatA hai / vaiyaktika tatva ke do rUpa haiM: eka to zailI dvArA kavi kI AtmAbhivyajanA-arthAt zailo kA AtmAbhivyaMjaka rUpa aura dUsarA pAtra tathA paristhiti ke sAtha zailI kA sAmaMjasya / bhAratIya rIti-vivecana meM pahalA rUpa virala hai| parantu isa prasaga meM eka bAta yAda rakhanI cAhie : isameM saMdeha nahIM ki use vAchita mahatva nahIM diyA gayA phira bhI usako svIkRti kA sarvathA prabhAva nahIM hai| daNDI ne kAvya-mArga ko pratikavisthita mAnA hai aura kuntaka ne to kavisvabhAva ko hI zailI kA mUla AdhAra mAnA hai / unake uparAnta zAradAtanaya Adi ne bhI pusi pusi vizeSeNa kApi kApi sarasvatI' kaha kara vyaktinatva ko svIkRti dI hai| vaiyaktika tatva ke dUsare rUpa kA vidhAna to bhAratIya yazAstra meM nizcaya hI milatA hai| yadyapi vAmana ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa nahIM aa kintu vAmana se pUrva bharata ne spaSTa nirNaya diyA hai ki nATaka meM bhASA (15)

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pAtra ke zIla-svabhAva kI anuvartinI honI caahie| udhara zrAnandavardhana ne to vaktA, vAcya aura viSaya ke aucitya ko rItiyoM kA niyAmaka hI mAnA hai| aba prazna yaha hai ki kyA zailI aura rIti paryAya zabda haiM / athavA unameM antara hai / DA. suzIlakumAra De ne unako eka mAnane ke viruddha cetAvanI dI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki rIti meM vyakti-tatva kA abhAva hai, aura vyaktitattva zailI kA mUla zrAdhAra hai ataeva donoM ko eka mAnanA bhrAnti hai| hindI ke vidvAnoM ne bhI unake AdhAra para ina donoM kA bheda svIkAra kiyA hai| jahAM taka zailI ke vastu-rUpa kA sambandha hai, vahAM taka to roti se usakA pArthakya karanA anAvazyaka hai / jaisA maiMne rItikAvya kI bhUmikA meM spaSTa kiyA hai, yUropa ke prAcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa zailI ke tattva nAmAntara se rIti ke tatvoM meM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiM-athavA rIti ke tatvoM kA upayukta zailItatvoM meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| laya, svara-lAlitya Adi kalA tatva varNagumpha aura zabda-gumpha ke antargata A jAte haiM, bauddhika tatvoM kA samAveza arthavyakti prasAdAdi guNoM aura katipaya arthAlaGkAroM ke antargata ho jAtA hai, aura rAgAtmaka tatva rasa (kAnti-guNa) mAdhurya aura bhoja guNoM meM antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / aisI sthiti meM varatu-tattva zailI aura rIti donoM ke sarvathA samAna haiM kevala nAma-bheda hai| vyakti-tatva ke sambandha meM bhI donoM meM itanA bheda nahIM hai jitanA ki DA0 De ne mAnA hai : rIti para vyaktitva kA prabhAva daNDI Adi prAcIna AcAryoM tathA kuntaka, zAradAtanaya Adi navIna prAcAryoM ne muktakaNTha se svIkAra kiyA hai / kuntaka kA vivecana to sarvathA Adhunika hI pratIta hotA hai- to yUropa ke romAMTika pAlocakoM kI bhA~ti hI svabhAva para bala dete haiN| yUropa meM bhI punarjAgaraNa kAla aura vizeSarUpa se romAMTika yuga ke bAda hI vyaktitva ko yaha ubhAra milA hai| yUnAna aura roma ke bAda meM iTalI aura phrAMsa ke AlocakoM ne to prAyaH zailI ke vastutattva para hI bala diyA hai| uparyukta vivecana ke pariNAma isa prakAra haiM: (1) rIti aura zailI kA vastu-rUpa eka hI hai| prArambha meM bhArata aura yUropa donoM ke kAvya zAstroM me prAyaH vastu-rUpa kA hI vivecana huA hai| (2) bhAratIya rIti meM vyakti-tatva kI sarvathA asvIkRti nahIM hai, jaisA ki DA. he zrAdi ne mAnA hai| ( 56 )

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(3) phira bhI apane vartamAna rUpa meM zailI meM vyakti-tatva kA jitanA mahattva hai, utanA bhAratIya rIti meM kabhI nahI rahA / vidhAna rUpa meM usameM vastu-tattva kA hI prAdhAnya rahA hai / vAmana kI dRSTi to vastu-paraka hai hI zrAnandavardhana jaise sarvamAnya AlocakoM ne bhI- jinhoMne vyakti kI satA ko ucita svIkRti dI hai, rIti ke svarUpa meM vyakti-tatva kA prabhAva atyanta saMyata mAtrA meM hI mAnA hai / (4) isa prakAra rIti aura zailI ke vartamAna rUpa meM vyakti tattva kI mAtrA kA antara avazya ho gayA hai| kama se kama 'zailI hI vyakti hai' kI bhA~ti bhAratIya rIti vyakti se ekAkAra nahIM ho paaii| isa sambandha meM kuntaka jaise AcArya kI eka Adha ukti ko apavAda hI mAnanA cAhiye / ( 37 )

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guNa-vivecana guNa kI paribhApA : vAmana se pUrva bharata aura daNDI ne daza guNoM kA sAMgopAMga varNana to kiyA hai, parantu paribhASA nahIM kii| bharata :-bharata ne guNoM ko bhAvAtmaka tatva na mAna kara abhAvAramakaarthAt doSoM kA viparyaya mAnA hai : guNa viparyayAd aiSAm mAdhuyaudAryalakSaNAH / (nATyazAstra, kAvyamAlA 1661)-athavA eta eva viparyastA guNAH kAvyeSu kIrtitAH / (naattyshaastr-caukhmbaa~11910)| viparyaya kA vAstavika artha kyA hai isa viSaya meM prAcAryoM meM matabheda rahA hai| isa zabda ke tIna artha kiye gaye haiM : prabhAva, anyathA bhAva aura vaiparItya / abhinavagupta ne vidhAta yA prabhAva ko hI grahaNa kiyA hai| unake anusAra bharata kA mata hai ki doSa kA abhAva guNa hai| uttaradhvani kAla ke prAcAryoM ne bhI doSa ke prabhAva ko guNa (sadguNa) mAnA hai : mahAn nirdoSatA guNaH / parantu phira bhI bharata ke guNa-vivecana se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki unake sabhI guNoM kI sthiti abhAvAsmaka hai / unake lakSaNoM se spaSTa hai ki kucha guNoM ko choDakara zeSa sabhI kI sthiti nizcaya hI bhAvAtmaka hai| udAharaNa ke lie samatA kI sthiti avazya hI abhAvAtmaka hai, parantu udAratA, saukumArya, projas Adi guNa jinameM divyabhAva, sukumAra artha, aura zabdArtha-sampatti Adi kA nizcita rUpa se sadbhAva rahatA hai abhAvAtmaka kaise ho sakate haiM / anyathAbhAva aura caiparIsya kI sthiti viloma rUpa se bhAvAtmaka ho jAtI hai-dhana kA sadbhAva bhAvAtmaka sthiti hai, dhana kA prabhAva prabhAvAtmaka hai, parantu RNa kA sadbhAva punaH bhASAsmaka sthiti hai kyoMki RNa ke abhAva-rUpa meM usakI abhAvAtmaka sthiti bhI

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hotI hai / isalie viparyaya kA artha vaiparItya hI mAnanA saMgata hai--bharata ne doSoM kA vivecana pahale kiyA hai ataeva usI krama meM doSoM ke sambandha seunake viparyaya rupa meM--unhoMne guNoM kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / aura, jaisA ki jaikobI ne samAdhAna kiyA hai, yaha krama sAmAnya vyavahAra-dRSTi se rakhA gayA hai jisake anusAra manuSya ke doSa adhika spaSTa rahate haiM-- aura guNoM kI kalpanA hama prAyaH una sahaja grAhya doSoM ke niSedha ( prabhAva athavA viparyaya) rUpa meM hI karate hai / taeva hamArA niSkarSa yaha hai ki bharata ne guNa ko doSa kA vaiparItya ho mAnA hai, parantu, (jaisA ki bhinna mata rakhate hue bhI eka sthAna para DA0 lAhirI ne saMketa kiyA hai) nirdiSTa daza guNa pUrva-vivecita daza doSoM ke hI kramazaH viparIta rUpa nahIM haiM : yaha to unake nAmakaraNa se ho spaSTa hai / arthAt yaha vaiparItya sAmAnya hai, viziSTa nahIM hai / isake atirikta bharata ke anusAra lakSaNa ( kAvya-bandha ) tathA alaMkAra kI bhA~ti guNa kI bhI sArthakatA yahI hai ki vaha vAcika abhinaya ko prabhAvazAlI banAtA hai / nATaka meM jo vAcika abhinaya hai kAvya meM vahI kAvya bhASA yA zailI hai, isa prakAra kAvya ke prasaMga meM guNa kA kArya hai kAvya-zailI ko samRddha karanA - prabhAvazAlI banAnA / - bharata ne nATaka kA aura upacAra se kAvya kA mUla tatva rasa mAnA - vAcikAbhinaya rasa kA sAdhana hai ataeva rasa ke adhInastha hai, aura uparyukta guNa Adi tatva bhI jo vAcikAbhinaya ke camatkAra ke aMga hai, paramparA-sambandha se rasa ke adhInastha haiM / uparyukta vivecana ke sAra rUpa hama bharata ke anusAra guNa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kara sakate haiM : doSoM ke viparyaya (vaiparItya) rUpa guNa kAvya- zailI ko samRddha karane vAle tatva haiM jo paramparA -sambandha se rasa ke prAzrita rahate haiM / daNDI :- dagaDI ne bhA dazaguNoM kA vivecana to vistAra se kiyA hai, kintu guNa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa nahIM kiyA / tathApi unake do zloka aise haiM jinase yaha niSkarSa nikAlane meM kaThinAI nahIM hotI ki guNa ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM unakI dhAraNA kyA thI / ( 23 )

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kAvyazobhAkarAna dharmAnalaMkArAn pracakSate / te cAdyApi vikalpyante, kastAna kAtsyena vakSyati // 2,1 // kAzcinmArgavibhAgArthamuktAH prAgapyalaMkriyAH sAdhAraNamalaMkArajAtamanyat pradarzyate // 2,3 // (kAcyAdarza) kAvya ke zomAkAraka dharma alaMkAra kahalAte haiM unakI kalpanA aba bhI barAbara ho rahI hai / unakA samagra rUpa meM varNana kauna kara sakatA hai ? (isase) pUrva bhI mArgoM kA vibhAga karane ke lie kucha alakAroM kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| (aba) sAdhAraNa alaMkAroM kA varNana kiyA jAtA uparyukta ralokoM kA vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai : kAnya ke zobhA-vidhAyaka sabhI dharma alaMkAra kahalAte haiM unakI saMkhyA nitya vardhamAna hai-ce asaMkhya ho sakate haiN| upamA rUpaka Adi prasiddha alaMkAroM ko daNDI ne sAdhAraNa alaMkAra' kahA hai| ina sAdhAraNa alaMkAroM ke atirikta anya sabhI saundarya-vidhAyaka tatva bhI alaMkAra hI haiN| mArga-vibhAjana ke AdhArabhUta daza guNa bhI alaMkriyA athavA alaMkAra hI haiN| ataeva (1) daNDI ke anusAra guNa bhI eka prakAra ke alaMkAraarthAt kAvya-zobhA-vidhAyaka dharma haiM : zobhAkaratvaM hi alaMkAralakSaNaM, tallakSaNayogAt te'pi (zleSAdayo dazaguNA api) alaMkArAH (trunnvaacspti)| (2) ye kAvya ke svataMtra aga haiM-rasa ke Azrita nahIM hai, arthAt inake dvArA kAvya kA sIdhA upakAra hotA hai rasa ke zrAzraya se nhiiN| daNDI 1 daNDI ke TIkAkAroM ne inakA artha anuprAsa Adi zabdAlakAra kiyA hai parantu DA0 lAharI inase guNoM kA Azaya grahaNa karate haiM / hamako DA0 lAharI kA hI mata adhika samIcIna pratIta hotA hai| (60)

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ne kAvya ko iSTArthavAcaka padAvalI mAnA hai-ataeva kAvya-zobhA kA artha hudhA zabdArtha kI zobhA aura usake vidhAyaka guNoM kA sambandha sIdhA zabdArtha vAmana .- guNa kA lakSaNa sabase pahale vAmana ne kiyA hai . 'kAvya ke zobhAkAraka dharma guNa kahalAte haiN| zabda aura artha ke ve dharma jo kAvya ko zobhA-sampanna karata haiM guNa kahalAte haiM / ve haiM bhoja, prasAdAdi-yamaka upamAdi nahIM kyo ki yamaka upamAdi alaMkAra, akele, kAvya-zobhA kI sRSTi nahIM kara sakate / isake viparIta oja prasAdAdi akele hI kAvya ko zobhA-sampanna kara sakate hai| + + + + guNa nitya hai-unake binA kAvya meM zobhA nahIM A sktii| (kAvyAlakArasUtra 3,1) arthAt (1) guNa zabda aura artha ke dharma haiN| (2) ve kAvya ke mUla zobhAdhAyapha tatva haiN| (3) ve kAvya ke kAvyatva ke lie anivArya haiN| unake binA kAvya kAvya-pada kA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| isake atirikta (5) bharata ke pratikUla tathA daNDI ke anukUla vAmana guNoM ko rasa ke dharma na mAnakara zabdArtha ke hI dharma mAnate hue kAvya meM unako svatantra tathA pramukha sattA mAnate haiN| guNa rasa ke Azrita nahIM hai varan kAnti guNa kA aMga hone ke kAraNa rasa ho guNa kA aMga hai :dIptarasatva kaatiH| dhvanikAra tathA unake anuyAyI : dhvanikAra ne guNoM kA svatantra astitva na mAnakara unhe rasa ke Azrita mAnA hai| unhoMne guNa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai : "tamarthamavalambante ye'ginaM te guNAH smRtA. " arthAt jo pradhAnabhUta (rasa) ago ke Azrita rahane vAle haiM unako guNa kahate haiN| isa prakAra dhvanikAra ne unheM prAtmabhUta rasa ke dharma mAnA hai zarIrabhUta zabdArtha ke nhiiN| dhvanikAra ke uparAnta prAyaH unhIM kA mata mAnya rahA / mammaTa ne unake lakSaNa ko aura spaSTa karate hue likhA hai :

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ye rasasyAMgino dharmA zauryAdaya ivAtmanaH utkarSahetavaH te syuH acalasthitayo guNAH // __(kAvyaprakAza) AtmA ke zauryAdi (guNoM) kI bhAMti aMgIbhUta rasa ke utkarSakArI acalasthiti dharma guNa kahalAte haiM / arthAt (1) guNa rasa ke dharma haiN| (2) ve acalasthiti athavA nitya haiN| (3) ve rasa kA utkarSa karate haiN| vizvanAtha Adi paravartI AcAryoM ne prAyaH isI lakSaNa ko prakArAntara se duharAyA hai| kevala paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne guNa ko rasadharma mAtra mAnane meM Apatti kI hai| unakA tarka hai ki kAvya kA Atman hone ke kAraNa rasa to guNazUnya huA-usakA dharma athavA guNa phaisA ? (paramAtmA guNazUnya eveti mAyAvAdino manyante / ) ataeva guNa zabdArtha kA dharma hai| parantu Age calakara unake vivecana meM zabda-artha ke sAtha sAtha rasa ko bhI guNa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai jisase guNa kA rasadharmasva phira sthApita ho jAtA hai| aura vAstava meM antatogatvA paNDitarAja ne isakA niSedha nahIM kiyaa| dhvani kI mAnyatA svIkAra kara lene para vaha sambhava bhI nahIM thaa|" niSkarSa yaha hai ki guNa kAvya ke utkarSa-sAdhaka tatva haiM isa viSaya meM sabakI pUrNa sahamati hai| parantu vAmana Adi pUrva-dhvani kAla ke prAcAryoM ne unheM zabdArtha ke dharma mAnA hai jinako sattA svatantra hai-rasa kAnti kA aMga hone ke nAte guNa kA aMga hai, guNa rasa ke Azrita athavA rasa ke dharma nahIM hai / arthAt ve zabdArtha rUpa kAvya kA sAkSAt upakAra karate haiM-rasa ke Azraya se nahIM / isake viparIta uttaradhvani kAla ke prAcArya unheM prANa rUpa rasa ke dharma mAnate haiM--zarIra-rUpa zabdArtha ke nhiiN|-ve rasa ke zrAzraya se hI kAvya kI utkarSa-sAdhanA karate haiN| Age calakara guNa kI yahI paribhASA sarvamAnya ho gaI aura mammaTa ne uttara-dhvani kAla ke prAcAryoM kI guNa-viSayaka dhAraNAoM ko pAribhASika zabdoM meM bAMdha diyaa| guNo kA sAkSAt sambandha rasa se hI sthApita ho gayA-zabdArtha ke sAtha usakA sambandha kevala aupacAripha hI mAnA gayA / parantu isa viSaya meM sthiti sarvathA nirdhAnta aura saMzaya (62)

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hona nahIM rahI-jaganAtha ne to spaSTa hI guNoM ko zabdArtha ke (kama se kama zabdArtha ke bhI) dharma mAnA / mammaTa aura vizvanAtha ne bhI mAdhurya tathA proja Adi kA varNoM se spaSTa sambandha mAnA hai-vyaMgya-jyAka sambandha bhI eka prakAra kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai / mAdhuryAdi ke svarUpa-nirdhAraNa meM varNa-gumpha tathA zabda-gumpha kA AdhAra sadA hI nizcaya-pUrvaka grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| zrataeva mUlataH rasa ke sAtha sambaddha hote hue bhI guNa zabdArtha se sarvathA asambaddha nahIM hai : unheM rasa ke dharma to mAnanA hI cAhie, parantu sAtha hI zabdArtha ke dharma mAnane meM bhI Apatti nahIM karanI caahie| zauryAdi ko upamA bhI isa mantavya ko puSTa hI karatI hai kyoMki isameM sadeha nahIM ki ve mUlataH AtmA ke antaraMga vyaktitva ke dharma haiM-parantu bAhya vyaktitva se unakA koI sambandha hI na ho yaha bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / madhura vyaktitva athavA ojasvI vyaktitva ke lie zrAtmA ke ho mAdhurya athavA bhoja ko apekSA nahIM hotI AkRti ke mAdhurya aura teja kI bhI AvazyakatA rahatI hai kevala aupacArika kaha kara usako TAla denA paryApta nahIM hai| ataH guNa una tatvoM ko kahate haiM jo vizeSarUpa se prANabhUta rasa ke aura samAnya rUpa se zarAra-bhUta zabdArtha ke zrAzraya se kAnya kA utkarSa karate haiN| athavA guNa kAvya ke una utkarSa-sAdhaka tatvoM ko kahate haiM jo mukhya rUpa se rasa ke aura gauNa rUpa se zabdArtha ke nitya dharma haiN| guNa ke AdhAra-tatva daNDI aura vAmana Adi pUrva-dhvani zrAcAryoM ne guNa ko zabda aura artha kA dharma mAnA hai| unake guNa-vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zabda aura artha ke camatkAra (varNa-gumpha, zabda-gumpha Adi zabda-camatkAra aura udhara agrAmyasva, apAruSya, rasa Adi aneka prakAra ke artha-camatkAra) guNa ke AdhAra-tatva haiN| inake uparAnta jaba dhvanikAra ne aura unake anuyAiyoM ne guNa ko rasadharma mAna liyA to svabhAvataH hI usakA svarUpa sUcamatara ho gayA : vaha zabdacamatkAra yA artha-camatkAra na raha kara 'citta-vRtti' mAnA gyaa| abhinava, (63)

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mammaTa, vizvanAtha tathA jagannAtha ne use spaSTa zabdoM meM cittavRtti rUpa mAnA hai : varNAdi vyaMjaka rUpa meM usake zrAdhAra haiN| -jagannAtha ne, isase bhI adhika, unheM prayojana rUpa mAnA hai / rasa-dhvanivAdiyoM ke anusAra mAdhuryATi guNa druti Adi cittavRttiyoM ke tandra pa hI hai-unakA vAstavika AdhAra rasa hI hai, parantu vyaMjaka rUpa meM varNa-gumpha, samAsa tathA racanA prAdi bhI guNa ke AdhAra hai| jaisA ki maiMne abhI spaSTa kiyA hai guNa rasa aura zabdArtha donoM kA hI dharma hai : rasa kA dharma hone ke nAte vaha cittavRtti rUpa hai aura zabdArtha kA dharma hone ke nAte use varNagumpha aura zabda-gumpha para Azrita bhI mAnanA par3hegA : guNa ke svarUpa nirupaNa meM varNa, samAsa Adi kA anivArya AdhAra isakA pramANa hai / ataeva guNa apane sUcama-rUpa meM cittavRtti rUpa hai aura sthUla athavA mUrtarUpa meM varNa-gumpha tathA zabda-ghaTanA rUpa haiM, drati, dIpti vyApakatva nAmaka cittavRtti usakA prAMtara AdhAratatva he tathA varNa-gumpha aura zabda-gumpha baahy| guNa kI manovaijJAnika sthiti uparyata vyAkhyA se guNa kA lakSaNa to nirdhArita ho jAtA hai, parantu usake vAstavika svarUpa kA udghAna pUrNataH nahIM hotaa| usake lie guNa kI manovaijJAnika sthiti kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| Anandavardhana ne to kevala yahI kahA hai ki zRGgAra, raudra Adi rasoM meM, jahAM citta zrAhlAdita aura dIpta hotA hai, mAdhurya, bhoja Adi guNa vasate haiM, parantu zrAhvAdana (iti) aura dIpti se guNoM kA kyA sambandha hai, yaha unhoMne spaSTa nahIM kiyA / kyA mAdhurya aura citta kI duti athavA oja aura citta kI dIpti paraspara aminna haiM athavA unameM kAraNa-kArya sambandha hai ? isa samasyA ko abhinava ne sulajhAyA hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA hai ki guNa citta kI avasthA kA hI nAma hai| mAdhurya citta ko dravita avasthA hai, proja dIpti hai aura prasAda vyApakatva hai / citta kI yaha dati, dIpti athavA vyApti rasa-paripAka ke sAtha hI ghaTita hotI hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki zRGgAra rasa kI anubhUti se citta meM jo eka prakAra kI AtA kA saMcAra hotA hai vahI mAdhurya hai, vIra rasa ke anubhava se usameM jo eka prakAra kI dIpti utpanna hotI hai vahI bhoja hai, aura sabhI rasoM ke anubhava se citta meM jo eka vyApakatva pAtA hai vahI prasAda hai| isa prakAra abhinava (64)

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ke anusAra mAdhurya zrAdi guNa citta ko druti Adi avasthAoM se sarvathA abhinna haiM aura cUMki ye avasthAe rasAnubhUti ke kAraNa hI utpanna hotI hai, ataeva rasa ko kAraNa aura guNa ko usakA kArya kahA jA sakatA hai / kAraNa aura kArya meM antara honA anivArya hai, isalie rasa aura citta-dra ti Adi ke anubhava meM bhI antara avazya mAnanA hogA kama-se-kama kAla-krama kA antara to hai hii| parantu cUki rasa kI pUrNa sthiti meM dUsare anubhava ke lie sthAna nahIM rahatA, ataeva cittadruti Adi kA bhI sahRdaya ko pRthaka anubhava nahIM raha paataa| vaha rasa ke anubhava meM hI nimagna ho jAtA hai / Anandavardhana ne guNoM ko rasa ke nitya dharma isI dRSTi se mAnA hai| abhinava ke uparAMta mAdhurya zrAdi guNoM ko mammaTa ne rasa ke utkarSavarddhaka evaM acala-sthiti dharma mAnA aura unheM citta-druti Adi kA kAraNa mAnA / abhinava ne rasa ko guNa kA kAraNa mAnA thA aura guNa ko citta-bruti Adi se abhinna svIkAra kiyA thaa| mammaTa guNa ko citta-druti Adi kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / guNa kA svarUpa kyA hai isa viSaya meM mammaTa ne kucha prakAza nahIM DAlA / mammaTa kA prativAda vizvanAtha ne kiyaa| unhoMne phira abhinava ke mata kI ho pratiSThA kI / arthAt citta ke drati dIptatva-rUpa Ananda ko hI guNa maanaa| parantu unakA mata thA ki 'dravIbhAva yA drati AsvAda-svarUpa AhAda se abhinna hone ke kAraNa kArya nahIM hai, jaisA ki abhinava ne kisI aza taka mAnA hai| AsvAda yA zrAhlAda rasa ke paryAya haiN| drati rasa kA hI svarUpa hai, usase bhinna nahIM hai| isa taraha vizvanAtha ne eka prakAra se guNa ko rasa se hI aminna mAna liyA hai| ina mAnyatAoM ko paNDitarAja jaganAtha ne cunautI dii| sabase pahale unhoMne abhinava gupta ke tarpha kA prativAda kiyaa| abhinava gupta ke anusAra eka ora to guNa rasa ke dharma haiM aura dUsaro ora druti Adi ke tadpa hone ke kAraNa rasa ke kArya haiM-ataeva ve rasa ke dharma aura kArya dono hI haiN| paDitarAja kI tArkika buddhi ne isa mantavya ko prasiddha dhASita kiyA kyo ki dharma aura kArya ko sthiti abhinna nahIM hotI . uSNatA anala kA dharma hai, dAha kArya hai-uSNatA kI sthiti dAha ke binA bhI siddha hai ataeva dono ko abhinna nahI mAnA jA sakatA / aisI dazA meM guNa rasa kA dharma aura kArya kaise ho sakatA hai ? vizvanAtha kI sthApanA to aura bhI asaMgata hai--yadi guNa rasa se abhinna (65)

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hai to usakI pRthaka sattA kyoM mAnI jAye ? paNDitarAja ne ina donoM kA khaMDana karate hue mammaTa ke dRSTikoNa ko prAMzika rUpa meM svIkAra kiyaa| mammaTa ne guNa aura cittavRtti ko eka nahIM mAnA-unhoMne guNa ko kAraNa aura cittavRtti ko kArya mAnA hai / jagannAtha inameM prayojaka-prayojya sambandha mAnate haiM : guNa prayojaka hai aura cittavRtti prayojya-ayojaka aura prayojya sambandha se donoM ko eka bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai : prayojakatA sambandhena dra tyAdikrama evaM vA mAdhuryAdikamastu / rasagaMgAdhara pR015| yaha vivecana bhI nirdhAnta nahIM hai| eka ora to paNDitarAja guNa ko vastu rUpa meM hI rasa aura zabdArtha donoM kA dharma mAnate haiM aura dUsarI aura prayojaka-prayojya sambandha se use cittavRtti rUpa bhI mAnate haiN| rasadharma hone ke nAte to guNa cittavRtti rUpa avazya ho sakatA hai / parantu zabdArtha kA dharma hone ke nAte yaha sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki druti Adi cittavRttiyoM ko bAhAdarUpa rasa me to sthiti sambhava hai, parantu zabda aura artha meM unakI avasthiti kaise mAnI jA sakatI hai| vAstava meM saMskRta sAhitya-zAstra meM guNa kI sthiti pUrNatayA spaSTa nahIM hai| kAvya meM usako pRthaka sattA svIkAra karane meM bhI yatkiMcita sadeha aMta taka banA rahatA hai| phira bhI usakI sattA nirapavAda rUpa se mAnI hI gaI hai aura usakA eka sAtha niSedha karanA adhika saMgata na hogaa| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se dekheM to rasa aura guNa donoM hI manaHsthitiyAM haiM (isa viSaya meM abhinava, mammaTa Adi sabhI sahamata haiN)| rasa vaha zrAnanda rUpI manaHsthiti hai, jisameM hamArI sabhI vRttiyAM anvita ho jAtI hai aura yaha sthiti akhaNDa hai| udhara guNa bhI manaHsthiti hai, jisameM kahIM citta-vRttiyAM dravita ho jAtI haiM, kahIM dIpta aura kahIM parivyAsa / yahAM taka to koI kaThinAI nahIM hai| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki vizeSa bhAvoM meM aura vizeSa zabdoM meM bhI cittavRttiyoM ko dravita athavA dIpta karane kI zakti hotI hai| udAharaNa ke lie madhura vargoM ko sunakara aura prema, karuNA zrAdi bhAvoM ko grahaNa kara hamAre citta meM eka prakAra kA vikAra paidA ho jAtA hai, jise taralatA ke kAraNa drati kahate haiM / aura mahAprANa varSoM ko sunakara evaM vIra aura raudra zrAdi bhAvoM ko grahaNa kara hamAre citta meM dUsare prakAra kA vikAra ho jAtA hai jise vistAra ke kAraNa dIpti kahate haiM / parantu ina vikAroM ko pUrNataH zrAhAda rUpa nahIM kaha skte| yahAM kAvya (vastu) bhAvakatva kI sthiti ko pAra karake bhojakatva kI ora bar3ha

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mammaTa ne isI ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai : zrAtmA ke zauryAdi guNoM kI bhA~ti jo agabhUta rasa ke utkarSavardhaka acala sthiti dharmaM haiM ve guNa kahalAte haiM / isake viparIta alaMkAra zabda artha ke dharma hai aura ve acala sthiti nahIM hai : saguNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi / kAvya ke lie saguNatA anivArya hai, parantu alaMkRti kabhI nahIM bhI hotI / vizvanAtha ne alaMkAra kI paribhASA meM hI yaha bheda nihita kara diyA - "zabdArthayorasthirA ye dharmAH zobhAtizAyinaH - alaMkAra zabda - artha ke zobhAtizAyI asthira dharma haiM / " guNa ke samAna unakI sthiti Avazyaka nahIM hai : asthirA iti naiSAM guNavadAvazyakI sthitiH (sA0 darpaNa) / ataeva rasa-dhvanivAdiyoM ke anusAra guNa aura alaMkAra kA bheda isa prakAra hai : (1) guNa prANabhUta rasa ke dharma haiM, alaMkAra aMgabhUta zabda artha ke / (2) svabhAvataH guNa kAvya ke AMtarika tatva haiM--ve druti, dIpti Adi cittavRttiyoM ke tapa haiM, alaMkAra bAhya tatva haiM / (3) rasAnubhUti kI prakriyA meM guNoM kA yoga pratyakSa rahatA hai| alaMkAroM kA apratyakSa, ve vAcya-vAcaka kA upakAra karate hue vyaMgya rasa ke paripAka yoga dete haiM / (4) ataeva guNa kAvya ke nitya dharma haiM, alaMkAra anitya / (5) rasAdi aMtartatvoM kI bhAMti guNa vyaMgya rahate haiM, alaMkAra vAcya / sAdhAraNataH rasa-dhvanivAdiyoM kA yaha vivecana hI mAnya rahA aura vAstava meM yahI saMgata bhI hai yadyapi isameM thor3A ativAda avazya hai / vaha prativAda yaha hai ki inhoMne guNa ko siddhAnta meM ekAnta rasadharma mAna liyA hai| parantu jaisA ki hamane anyatra siddha kiyA hai, aura vyavahAra meM rasa-dhvanivAdiyoM ne bhI mAnA hai, guNa zabda aura artha se sarvathA asambaddha nahIM haiN| isI prakAra alaMkAra bhI mUlataH vAcaka zabda aura vAcya artha ke dharma hote huye bhI vyaMgya artha se sarvathA asambaddha nahIM hote / guNa cittavRtti rUpa haiM, alaMkAra vANI ke ( 73 )

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prasAdhana haiM arthAt abhivyaMjanA ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke upakaraNa haiN| parantu mUlataH cittavRtti rUpa hone para bhI jisa prakAra guNa gauNa rUpa meM zabda aura artha : varNa-gumpha aura zabda-gumpha, se bhI sambandha rakhate haiM isI prakAra mukhya rUpa meM zabda aura artha ke dharma-abhivyaMjanA ke camatkAra hote hue bhI alaMkAra gauNa rUpa meM citta ko bhI camatkRta karate haiN| AMtarika aura bAhya tatva kI yahI sApekSika pramukhatA guNa aura alaMkAra kA mukhya aMtara hai-guNa mUlataH kAvya ke AMtarika tatva haiM, aura alaMkAra bAhya /

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doSa-darzana doSoM kA varNana saMskRta sAhitya-zAstra meM prArambha se hI milatA hai aura prAcAryoM ne prAyaH doSa-vivecana pahale kiyA hai, guNa-alaMkAra-varNana bAda meM / yaha mAnava-svabhAva kI sahaja pravRtti kA hI pariNAma hai, isIlie zrAdi vaidika RSi ne apanI prArthanA meM durita ke parihAra kI vAMchA pahale kI hai aura bhadra kI kAmanA bAda meM vizvAni deva savitaritAni parAsuva-thadbhadra tanna prAsuva / bhAratIya kAvya-zAstra meM bhI doSa-varNana itane Agraha ke sAtha isIlie kiyA gayA hai kyoMki doSa-parihAra ko kAvya kI pahalI zarta mAnA gayA hai| daNDI ne prabala zabdoM meM ghoSaNA kI hai ki kAvya meM raMcamAnna doSa kI bhI upekSA nahIM karanI cAhie kyoMki eka choTA sA bhI kuSTa kA dArA sundara se sundara zarIra ko kurUpa kara sakatA hai / (kAvyAdarza, 1,7) / prAcIna prAcAryoM ne hI nahIM, uttara-dhvanikAla ke prAcAryoM ne bhI nirdoSatA ko kAvyalakSaNa kA anivArya aMga mAnA hai| pUrva-dhvanikAla se vAmana aura uttaradhvanikAla se mammaTa kA kAvya-lakSaNa udAharaNa-rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| nirdoSatA ko apane Apa meM eka mahAna guNa mAnA gayA hai / mahAn nirdoSatA guNaH / kAvya ke lie nirdoSatA kI apekSA adhika hai athavA rasavattA kI donoM meM se kaunasA kAvya ke lie anivArya hai ? yA manuSya athavA kAvya meM nidoSatA kahAM taka sambhava hai| ye vivAdAspada prazna hai jinakA samAdhAna anyatra kiyA jaaegaa| parantu doSa kA vivecana kAvyazAstra kA-vizeSa kara rIti-siddhAta kA-atyaMta mahatvapUrNa aMga hai, isame sadeha nahIM / kAvya ke saudarya-asauMdarya athavA prabhAva kA vizleSaNa karane ke liye doSa-darzana sarvathA anivArya hai|

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yahAM eka prazna uTha sakatA hai mere mana meM bhI uThA hai| vaidarbhI aura gaur3I hI asaM kyoM nahIM hai-kyA pAMcAlI kI kalpanA bhI anAvazyaka nahIM hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki paidarbhI meM pAMcAlI kA yadi aMtarbhAva mAna liyA jAtA hai to phira gaur3I bhI usakI paridhi se bAhara nahIM paDatI kyoM ki samagraguNasampadA se alaMkRta vaidarbhI meM jisa prakAra mAdhurya aura saukumArya kA samAveza rahatA hai, usI prakAra oja aura kAMti kA bhI / ataeva vaidarbhI gauDI ko viparIta roti nahIM --gauDI kI viparIta roti pAMcAlI hI hai| jisa prakAra mAnava-ravabhAva ke do chora hai nArItva aura puruSatva, isI prakAra abhivyaMjanA ke bhI do chora haiM strINa pAMcAlI aura paruSA goDI / nArItva kI abhivyaMjaka pAMcAlI, aura puruSatva kI abhivyaMjaka goTI-inake atirikta ina donoM ke samanvaya se samRddha vyaktitva kI mAdhyama caidii| basa prakAra cAmana ne pAMcAlI kI udbhAvanA dvArA vAstava meM eka prabhAva athavA asaMgati kA hI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai, anAvazyaka navInatA kA pradarzana nhiiN| mammaTa ke AdhAra para bhI yadi isa prazna para vicAra kiyA jAe to bhI rItiyoM yA vRttiyoM kI saMkhyA tIna hI ThIka baiThatI hai : mAdhuryaguNa-viziSTa upanAgarikA aura projomayI paruSA kramaza: dravaNazIla madhura svabhAva aura dIptimaya ojasvI svabhAva kI pratIka haiN| madhura aura ojasvI ke atirikta eka tIsare prakAra kA bhI svabhAva hotA hai jisameM na mAdhurya kA atireka hotA hai aura na aoja kA varan ina donoM kA saMtulana rahatA hai| isako sAmAnya (nArmala) yA svastha-prasanna (vizada ) svabhAva kaha sakate hai| mAnava-svabhAva kA yaha bheda bhI itanA hI spaSTa hai jitane ki madhura aura * ojasvI / ataeva isakI abhivyaMjaka komalA rIti yA vRtti kA astitva bhI mAnanA ucita hI hai| (66)

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pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra meM rIti bhAratIya kAvyazAstra tathA pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra meM vicitra sAmya hai aura yaha sAmya kevala mUla siddhAntoM meM hI nahIM hai, rUpa-bhedoM meM bhI hai / bhAratIya rIti aura pAzcAtya zailI-vivecana kI pArasparika samAnatA to vAstava meM Azcaryajanaka hai / yUropa meM zailI kA prArambhika vivecana aura vikAsa bahuna kucha usI paddhati para huA hai jisa para bhAratIya rIti kAathavA kAlakramAnusAra yaha kahanA saMgata hogA ki bhAratIya rIti-nirUpaNa prAyaH usI paddhati para huA hai jisa para yUropa meM yUnAnI aura romI prAcAryoM kA zailI-vivecana, kyoMki yUnAnI tathA katipaya romI prAcArya bhArata ke kAnyAcAryoM ke pUrvavartI haiM isameM sadeha nhiiN| kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki yaha sAmya pArasparika samparka athavA prabhAva kA ghotaka nahIM hai-mAnava-ciMtana kI mUlabhUta ekatA kA ghotaka yaha sAmya bahuta kucha Akasmika hI thaa| yUropIga aAlocanA ke udaya-yuga ke tona caraNa haiM : 1. yUnAnI vyagya nATakoM meM prApta saiddhAntika tathA vyavahArika pAlocanA-isa dRSTi se airisTophenIsa kA nATaka 'phrAgsa' atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| 2. yUnAnI dArzanikoM kA saundarya-vivecana / 2. yUnAnI-romI rItizAstriyoM kA rIti-vivecana / erisTofanIsa ne phrAnsa' nAmaka vyaMgya-nATaka meM apane yuga ke nAvyakAroM tathA unakI zailI Adi kA atyanta sUcama vizleSaNa kiyA hai| unhoMne yUripAiDIz2a aura aisakAilasa nAmaka prasiddha nATyakAroM ke vivAda dvArA apane yuga meM pracalita do virodhI kAvya-zailiyoM kA atyanta spaSTa

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nirdeza kiyA hai| yUripAiDhIz2a sarala aura sahaja zailI kA samarthaka hai / vaha eka ora sahaja mAnavIya bhASA aura vANI ko svAbhAvika svataMtratA kA prabala pakSapAtI hai, dUsarI ora kRtrima garjana:-tarjana tathA zabdADambara kA ghora virodhI / isake viparIta aisakAilasa udAtta zailI ko mahatva detA haivaha isa kathita sahajatA ko nissAra mAnatA hai| usakI.mAnyatA hai ki viSaya-vastu nathA bhAva ke gaurava ke sAtha bhASA bhI anivAryataH gauravasampanna ho jAtI hai / isa prakAra yUropIya sAhitya-zAstra ke Adima kAla meM hI ina do paraspara-virodhI zailiyoM kA antara spaSTa ho gayA thA : vahAM bhI bhAratIya vaidarbhI aura gaur3I ke samAna do kAvya-rItiyA~ pArambha se hI pracalita tathA svIkRta thiiN| * pleTo vyaMgya-nATakoM ke uparAnta yavana dArzanikoM ke graMthoM meM prasaMgAnusAra kAvyAlocana kI jhA~kiyAM milatI haiN| pleTo tathA arastU Adi ne zailI ko nasva rUpa meM prAyaH heya hI mAnA hai, parantu vyavahAra rUpa meM unhoMne bhI prastuta viSaya para atyanta mahatvapUrNa vicAra vyakta kiye hai-arastU ne to rItizAstra (raheTarika) nAma se eka svatantra grantha hI likhA hai| pleTo ne apane prasiddha granya gaNarAjya (ripaTilaka) meM kAvyabhASA (zailI) kA vivecana isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'kAvya-bhApA (zailI) ke ye do bheda haiN| + + + iname se pahalI meM koI bar3A utAra-caDhAva nahIM hotA / bhASA ke anukUla saMgIta tathA laya kA mAdhyama prApta ho jAne para vaha samagati se calatI rahatI hai| to phira dUsarI kA kyA svarUpa hai ? kyA use sarvathA viparIta mAdhyama kI apekSA nahIM hotI ? sabhI rAga aura sabhI laye usake lie apekSita hotI hai kyo ki usameM atyadhika parivartana hote rahate haiM+ + + 1 Oh let us atleast use the language of men I (yaripAiDIja) ? Next I taught all the town to talk with freedom ("'). ? I never crashed and lightened. ("') 4 When the subject is great and the sentiment, then, of necessity, great grows the word (esakAilasa) (85)

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hI hai / isa prakAra bhAratoya tathA yUnAnI-romI rItizAstroM meM zailiyoM ke vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra hI nahIM varan unake tatvoM kA vizleSaNa bhI bahuta kucha samAna hai| DimaiTriyasa arastU sisaro tathA DAyonIsiyasa kI rIti- paramparA ko DimaiTriyasa tathA kvinTIliyana ne aura Age baDhAyA / DimaiTriyasa ne zailI para eka svatantra rIti-grantha hI likhA hai / unhoMne zailI kI koI aupacArika paribhASA nahIM kii| apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI bhA~ti ve bhI zailI ko lekhaka ke vyaktitva kI abhivyakti aura vyakti-tatva ko zailI kI AtmA mAnate haiM, parantu isake sAtha hI ve kucha aise nirdezaka siddhAntoM tathA niyamoM kA astitva bhI svIkAra karate haiM jo kalAtmaka racanA (rIti) meM sahAyaka hote haiM / isI prakAra ve yaha bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki vastu-viSaya zailI kA pramukha niyAmaka tatva hai - kintu sAtha hI usako prastuta karane ke DhaMga para bhI bahuta kucha nirbhara karatA hai| 1 DimaiTriyasa ne zailI ke cAra prakAra mAne haiM : udAtta', 1, madhura yA masRNa e, prasAdamaya aura zrojasvI 4 / inameM pahale tIna to sisaro tathA DAyonAMmiyasa dvArA pratipAdita zailI-bheda hI haiM---zojasvI inhoMne apanI ora se aura jor3a diyA hai / parantu vaha bhI inakI apanI udbhAvanA nahIM hai - inase pUrva philoDemasa uparyukta tIna bhedoM ke atirikta eka cauthe bheda ' prabala' kA ullekha kara cuke the / DemaiTriyasa ke anusAra udAtta zailI kA mUla tatva hai sAmAnyatA kyoM ki unakA mata hai ki 'pratyeka sAmAnya vastu prabhAvahIna hotI hai / udAtta zailI ke tatva isa prakAra haiM viziSTa tathA vicitra zabdAvalI, samAsa, alaMkAra, kAvya - rUDha bhASA kA bahudhA prayoga / usakI padAvalI ulbaNa hotI hai, masRNa aura komala ke lie usameM adhika avakAza nahIM hotA / * 3 plena 1 ailIveTeDa 2 elIgenTa (mAksana ne ise pAlizDa kahA hai / ) 4 phorsIvala 5 vaimaiMTa (919)

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usako varNa yojanA pragADha hotI hai jisake prArambha meM tathA aMta meM guru varNoM kA prayoga rahatA hai kyoM ki isa prakAra prayukta guru varNoM meM prAyaH visphoTa kA prabhAva hotA hai / isa zailI kI pada-racanA meM kramika zrAroha rahatA hai aura rUpaka, paryAyokta tathA 'anyokti-rUpaka zrAdi alaMkAroM kA sayatna prayoga hotA hai : rUpakoM se zailI meM garimA aura ramaNIyatA kA samAveza hotA hai, anyoktirUpaka ke prayoga se zailI udAtta banatI hai-- kyoM ki anyoti-rUpaka rAtri aura aMdhakAra kA vyaMjaka hai| isI prakAra vakratAmUlaka alaMkAra tathA samAsaguNayukta padAvalI kA bhI yahI upayoga hai / madhura athavA masRNa zailI zobhA aura kAntiyukta hotI hai / isake viSaya haiM pariyoM ke upavana, vivAha utsava - gIta, prama-kathAeM zrAdi - isa prakAra kI viSaya-vastu meM hI eka prakAra kI ujjvalatA evaM kAMti hotI hai / isa zailI ke upAdAna hai madhura zabda, masRNa gumpha, chanda-laya kI antardhArA, Adi / madhura zabdoM se abhiprAya aise zabdoM kA hai jo kisI madhura citra ko vyaMjanA karate hoM athavA jinakI dhvani madhura ho : udAharaNa ke lie 'gulAbaraMjita ' zabda ko citra - vyaMjanA ramaNIka hai, aura 'la' 'na' AdI varNoM kI dhvani madhura / masRNa gumpha kA artha yaha hai ki varNa aura zabda eka dUsare meM ghulate cale jAeM / isa prakAra racanA meM eka madhura tAralyA jAtA haiise ho DimaiTriyasa ne saMgIta kI aMtardhArA kahA hai / ve chanda ko nahIM chanda kI vyaMjanA ko zailI kA guNa mAnate haiM / tIsarI zailI hai prasAdamayI (prasanna ) zailI jisakA mUla lakSya hai spaSTatA aura saralatA / zrataeva isameM nitya prati kI bhASA kA prayoga rahatA hai jisase sabhI sAmAnya tatvoM, jaise rUpaka, samAsa, nava-racita zabda Adi kA bahiSkAra kara diyA jAtA hai| dIrgha svara vyaMjana - yojanA, vicitra lakAra, atyadhika samAsaguNa (zleSa) zrAdi samasta alaMkaraNa-prasAdhana isa zailI ke lie tyAjya haiM | vAstava meM isakA prANa tatva hai artha-vaimalya - aura artha vaimalya ke pramukha upAdAna haiM 1. sAmAnya zabdAvalI 2. sAmAnya pada - racanA 3. laghu vAkya 4. laghu varNa-yojanA 5. zrAnuguNatva (ekyUresI) - arthAt 'nyUna'zranatirikta' zabda prayoga | ye hI prasanna zailI ke bhI AdhArabhUta guNa hai / DaimeTriyasa kI cauthI zailI hai zrojasvI / isa zailI ke tatva haiM 1. ulbaNa 1 eligarI - ( 112 )

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donoM guNa anivAryataH hone cAhie / prasAda ke viSaya meM eka bAta smaraNa rakhanI cAhie : aneka zabda sarvasAdhAraNa ke prayoga ke kAraNa kSudra bana jAte haiM:-'atiparicayAt zravajJA / zrataeva prasAda ko atipracalita zabdoM tathA muhAvaroM kI kSudratA se mukta rakhanA caahie| kintu udAtta zailI ke lie prasAda paryApta nahIM hai-- garimA bhI utanI hI anivArya hai / garimA kA samAveza karane ke lie arastU ne aneka upakaraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai-- eDisana unhoM ko uddhRta kara dete haiN| vAstava meM eDisana arastu kI bhASA hI bolate hai - isa prasaMga meM unheM apanA kucha nahIM kahanA hai / popa popa meM navyazAstravAda kA pratinidhi rUpa milatA hai / unhoMne bhI boilo ke svara meM svara milAte hue prakRti kI gaurava pratiSThA kI-- unakI prakRti bhI vahI rItibaddha prakRti hai jo zAstra kA paryAya hai / navyazAstravAdiyoM ke siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM eka vicitra virodha dRSTigata hotA hai : unake siddhAntoM meM jahAM kAvya ke maulika tatvoM kI pratiSThA hai, vahAM vyavahAra meM kAvya kI aneka kRtrimatAoM kA niyamita rUpa se samAveza rahatA hai / udAharaNa ke lie unhoMne kAvya meM zabda ko apekSA artha ko ho mahatva diyA hai, parantu unake apane kAvya kA pradhAna guNa hai bhASA kI masRNatA tathA prasannatA / unhoMne bhASA ko nikhArane ke lie bhAva kI prAyaH bali de dI hai| vAstava meM yahI yuga yUropa meM rItivAda kA yuga hai| popa ne apane zrAlocanA-viSayaka chandobaddha nibandha meM zailI ke sambandha meM vicAra vyakta kiye haiM: zailI ( abhivyaMjanA) vicAra kA paridhAna hai aura vaha jitanA saMgata hogA utanA hI sundara lagegA / kisI kSudra kalpanA ko yadi camaka-damaka cAlI zabdAvalI meM zrabhivyakta kiyA jAe to vaha aisI lagegI mAnoM vidUSaka ko rAjasI paridhAna pahanA diye hoM, kyoM ki jaisA viSaya ho vaisI hI zailI honI cAhie jisa taraha ki grAma, nagara zora rAjadarAbara kI pozAka alaga alaga hotI hai / + + + dekhie - popa kA 'ese oNna kriTisijma / ( 126 )

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azaddha zailI aura zuddha zailI:- mithyA vAgmitA hI azuddha zailI hai| usakI sthiti eka aise zIze ke samAna hai jo cAroM ora apane bhar3akIle raMgoM ko bikhera detA hai jisase hama padArthoM ke sahaja svarUpa ko nahIM dekha paate| sabhI meM eka jaisI camaka-damaka utpanna ho jAtI haikisI meM koI bheda nahIM rahatA / parantu zuddha zailI kA yaha guNa hai ki vaha sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna pratyeka padArtha ko vyakta kara detI hai / usake rUpa ko bhI camakA detI hai| vaha sabhI ko svarNima bhAmA se dIpta kara detI hai kintu kisI ke svarUpa ko nahIM badalatI / Age calakara popa varNa-yojanA kI carcA karate haiN| kevala atipezala varNa-gumpha apane Apa meM stutya nahIM hai kevala saMgIta ke lie kAvya kA anu zolana karanA asaMgata hai| parivartanahIna raNana-dhvaniyoM kI jhaMkAra eka prakAra ko arucikara ekasvaratA ko janma detI hai| kisI gatihIna paMkti meM reMgate hue nirjIva zabda kAvya kA utkarSa nahIM kara sakate / zabda meM artha kI gUMja rahanI cAhie / kAvya ke pArakhI prasanna arjasvitA kA hI prAdara karate hai-- jahAM bhoja aura mAdhurya kA samanya rahatA hai| popa ke ina vicAroM meM bhAratIya rIti-siddhAnta ke aneka tasva varta. mAna haiM / popa ne eka aura vastu-aucitya kI atyanta ninti zabdoM meM pratiSThA kI hai, dUsarI ora prasAda, oja aura mAdhurya tInoM guNoM ke samanvaya para bala diyA hai| unakI Adarza zailI vaidI kI bhA~ti hI prasAdamayI, ojasvI aura mAdhurya-saMvalita hai / "kevala atipezala' ke viruddha unakA abhimata bhAmaha kI nimna-likhita ukti kA smaraNa dilAtA hai| apuSTArthamavakrokti prasannamUju komalam / bhinnageyamivedaM tu kevalaM zrutipezalam / / bhaamh-||3|| 1 dekhie-'ese oNna kriTisijma' - 2 tulanA kIjie: hU hAnTa pAranesasa baiTa TU plIja dibhara Ibhara nATa menDa dibhara mAinDsa, -poSa (197)

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bhoM meM yadi puSTa arthaM tathA cakrokti kA prabhAva, auaura kevala Rju prasanna komala zabdAvalI mAtra ho to vaha gIta kI bhA~ti kevala zrutipezala ho sakatI hai - prarthAt vaha hamAre kAnoM ko priya laga sakatI hai parantu usase hamArI cetanA kA pariSkAra nahIM ho sakatA hai - jo kAvya kA carama uddezya hai / vyavahAra meM isa yuga ke kAvya- siddhAnta rIti- siddhAnta ke aura bhI adhika nikaTa haiM / siddhAnta kI dRSTi se to isa yuga meM artha - gaurava tathA bhAvasaundarya para hI bala diyA gayA parantu vAstavika vyavahAra meM ina kaviyoM kA dhyAna mUlataH bhASA-zailI para hI kendrita rahA / bhASA-zailI ko sa~vAra aura sajAkara inhoMne kAvya-bhASA ko eka pRthaka rUpa hI de diyA- siddhAnta meM artha ko gaurava dete hue vyavahAra meM inhoMne zailI yA rIti ko hI kAvya kI zrAtmA mAnA | rItivAda auaura navyazAstravAda meM nimnalikhita samAnatAeM tyanta spaSTa haiM : 1. kAvya meM bhAva (rasa) kI apekSA rIti kA mahatva | 2. kAvya ke prati vastu-paraka dRSTikoNa | 3. kAvya ke bAhya rUpa ke utkarSakArI tathA utkarSavardhaka tatvoM (guNa tathA alaMkAra) kA yatnapUrvaka grahaNa aura apakarSakArI tatvoM (doSa) kA tyAga | svacchandatAvAda aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka pahu~cate pahu~cate aneka zrAdhyAtmika tathA prAdhibhautika kAraNoM se kAvya-darzana meM bhI maulika parivartana prArambha ho gayA | kAnTa, fikTe, raoNliMga Adi jarmana dArzanikoM ne dRSTi ko vastu se haTAkara zrAtmAbhimukha kara diyA / kAnTa ne spaSTa likhA - "zrava taka yaha vizvAsa rahA hai ki hamArA samasta jJAna vastu ke anukUla honA cAhie parantu va isa bAta para vicAra karane kA samaya zrA gayA hai ki kyA mAnava unnati ke lie (isake viparIta) yaha dhAraNA adhika zreyaskara nahIM hai ki vastu ko hamAre jJAna ke anukUla honA cAhie / " ina dArzanikoM ke prabhAva se kAvya meM viveka aura rIti ke sthAna para antapreraNA, antaraSTi, antaprakAza, kalpanA, ( 128 )

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hindI meM rIti - siddhAnta kA vikAsa hindI meM rIti-siddhAnta lokapriya nahIM huA / vAstava meM rItivAda ko hindI sAhitya meM kabhI mAnyatA nahIM milI / yaha eka viSamatA hI hai ki svayaM rItikAla kA hI dRSTikoNa siddhAnta rUpa meM rItivAdI nahIM rahA vyavahAra kI bAta hama nahIM karate / hindI meM koI bhI aisA kavi zrathavA zrAcArya nahIM huA jisane rIti ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA ho / phira bhI roti aura usake vibhinna tatvoM guNa, racanA ( arthAt varNa-gumpha tathA zabda-gumpha yA samAsa ), aura abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM doSa Adi kI upekSA na kAvya meM sambhava hai aura na kAvyazAstra meM, ataeva unake prati hindI sAhitya ke bhinna bhinna yugoM meM kaviyoM tathA zrAcAryoM kA apanA koI na koI nizcita dRSTikoNa rahA ho hai aura unakA yathAprasaMga vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai / prastuta nibandha meM hama usI kI aitihAsika samIkSA kareMge / * hindI sAhitya ke zrAdikAla meM eka cora svayaMbhU Adi prAcIna hindI ke kaviyoM kI aura dUsarI ora canda Adi pigala ke kaviyoM kI katipaya kAvya-siddhAnta-sambandhI paMktiyAM mila jAtI haiN| unake AdhAra para kisI nizcita siddhAnta kI sthApanA karanA cAhe kaThina ho, kintu samagra kAvya ke adhyayana ke sAtha sAtha to unakI sahAyatA se unake racayitAoM ke kAvyagata dRSTikoNa ke viSaya meM dhAraNA banAI hI jA sakatI hai / udAharaNa ke lie svayaMbhU kI nimnalikhita prasiddha paMktiyAM lIjie : akkhara vAsa jaloha mohara / suyalaMkAra -chaMda macchohara / dIha samAsa - pavAhA baMkiya / sakkaya pAyaya- puliyAlaMkiya /

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desI-bhASA ubhaya taDujjja / kavi-dukkara ghaNa-sadda silaayl| aththa-bahala kallolA NiTThiya |aasaa-sy-sm aha pariTTiya / arthAt rAmakathA-rUpI saritA meM akSara hI manohara jalauka haiM, sundara alaMkAra tathA chanda mIna haiM, dIrgha samAsa baMkima pravAha haiN| saMskRta-prAkRta ke pulina haiM-dezI bhASAeM do ujjvala taTa haiN| kaviyoM ke lie duSkara sadhana zabdoM ke zilAtala haiN| artha-bahulA kalloleM haiM zatazata prAzanoM ke samAna taraMge uThatI hai| ___ uparyuka paMktiyoM meM svayaMbhU ne svabhAvataH una upakaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinhe ve sarakAnya ke lie Avazyaka samajhate haiM : akSara-gumpha, alaMkAra, chanda, dIrgha samAsa, saMskRta-prAkRta ke zabda, sadhana zabda-baMdha, arthabAhulya Adi / inameM se akSara-gumpha, dIrgha samAsa, sadhana zabda-baMdha Adi spaSTataH rIti ke tatva haiN| mahAkAvya kI zailI svabhAva se hI proja-pradhAna hotI hai-ataeva usake lie gaur3IyA rIti ke tatva prAyaH anukUla par3ate haiN| isa prakAra svayaMbhU rIti ko kAnya kA Avazyaka aMga mAnate haiN| parantu paise unakA dRSTikoNa nissaMdeha rasavAdI hI hai ve tulasIdAsa ke sAhityika pUrvaja haiN| canda zrAdi kavi bhI rasavAdI hI the|-shaastrvid hone ke kAraNa kAvya ke zAstrIya tatvoM kA rIti, guNa, alaMkAra, Adi kA-unake kAvya meM yathAvat saniveza hai, parantu rItivAda se unakA koI sambandha nahIM thaa| vidyApati meM rasavAda apanI carama sImA para hai-paratu unako apanI kAvyabhASA para bhI kama abhimAna nahIM thA: bAlacanda ke samAna unakI bhASA meM nAgara-mana ko mugdha karane kI adbhuta zakti thii| isI prasaMga meM unhoMne kAvyabhASA ke viSaya meM eka bAra phira apane vicAra kA saMketa diyA hai| sakkaya vANI buhayana bhAvaI, pAuna rasa ko bhamma na pAvaI / desila banA sava jana miTThA, teM taisana jampaoM avahaTThA / (kIrtilatA) saMskRta kevala vidvAnoM ko hI rucikara ho sakatI hai, prAkRta rasa kA marma nahIM pAtI / dezI vANI sabhI ko mIThI lagatI hai, isalie maiM avahaTTa bhASA meM (142)

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saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM, jaisA ki maiMne prArambha meM spaSTa kiyA hai, rIti dhaura guNa ke pArasparika sambandha ke viSaya meM tIna mata haiM : Anandavardhana zrAdi zrAcArya rIti ko guNAzrita mAnate haiM, udbhaTa zrAdi guNa ko rIti-zrAzrita mAnate hai, aura vAmana ina donoM ko prAya: abhinna hI mAnate haiM / vAmana kA mata hai ki viziSTa padaracanA kA nAma roti hai aura yaha viziSTatA guNAtmaka hai / isa prakAra rIti kA svarUpa guNAtmaka hai / parantu tatva rUpa meM donoM kA aikAtmya mAnate hue bhI vAmana ne vyavahAra rUpa meM donoM kI pRthaka sattA mAnI hai : vaidarbhI, gauDI, pAMcAlI rItiyAM hai-- zleSa, prasAda, samatA, Adi guNa haiM / guNa ina rItiyoM ke prANa haiM - inakA vaiziSTya sarvathA guNAtmaka hai, kintu phira bhI donoM ko sattA alaga hI hai / bharata ne daza guNa mAne haiM :- 1. zleSa, 2. prasAda, 3. samatA, 4. samAdhi, 2. mAdhurya, 6. zroja, 7. saukumArya, 8 zrayaMvyakti, 6. udAratA, 10. kAMti / bharata ke uparAnta daraDI aura vAmana donoM ne lakSaNoM meM parivartana-parizodhana karate hue inako hI svIkAra kiyA hai-- daNDI aura cAmana hI eka prakAra se rIti-guNa sampradAya ke adhinAyaka haiM / parantu zrAge calakara dhvanikAra ne guNoM kI saMkhyA dasa se ghaTAkara tIna karadI - unhoMne mAdhurya, zroja aura prasAda meM hI zeSa sAta guNoM kA atarbhAva kara diyA / - mammaTa Adi ne bhI inhIM ko svIkRti dI aura taba se prAyaH ye tIna guNa hI pracalita rahe haiN| parantu deva ne isa viSaya meM pUrva-dhvani paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue uparyukta dala guNoM (rItiyoM) ko grahaNa kiyA haicaran unhoMne to anuprAsa aura yamaka ko bhI guNoM (rItiyoM) ke antargata mAnate hue unakI saMkhyA bAraha taka pahuMcA dI hai / yamaka aura anuprAsa ko rIti (guNa) mAnanA sAdhArataH asaMgata hai kyoMki guNa kAvya kI zrAtmA kA dharma hai, dumare zabdoM meM kAvya kA sthAyI dharma hai, isake viparIta yamaka aura zranuprAsa rasa ke prAMtarika tatva na hone se kAvya ke asthAyI dharma hI raheMge / parantu deva kI isa sthApanA se eka mahatvapUrNa saMketa avazya milanA hai : vaha, yaha ki paNDitarAja jagannAtha kI bhA~ti ve guNoM kI sthiti zrartha ke sAtha-sAtha carNoM meM bhI mAnate haiM / uparyukta dasa guNoM ke vivecana meM unhone bharata aura cAmana kI apekSA prAyaH daNDI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA / -- krama bhI bahuta kucha daNDI se ho milatA hai, lakSaNa to kahIM kahIM kAvyAdarza se anUdita ho kara die gae haiN| zleSa, pramAda, samatA, mAdhurya, sukumAratA, zrarthavyakti aura thoja ke ( 156 )

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lakSaNa prAyaH daNDI ke hI anusAra haiN| kevala do-tIna guNa hI aise raha jAte haiM jinake lakSaNa bharata, daNDI aura vAmana tInoM se bhinna haiM / kAMti guNa meM, deva ke anusAra, surucipUrNa cAru vacanAvalI honI cAhiye jisameM lokamaryAdA kI apekSA kucha vizeSatA ho aura jo apane isaguNa ke kAraNa logoMko sukhakara ho : adhika lokamarjAMda te, sunata parama sukha jAhi / cAru vacana ye kAMti ruci, kAMti bakhAnata tAhi // ( zabda - rasAyana) isa lakSaNa kA zeSa bhAga to daNDI se mila jAtA hai, parantu daNDI jahAM loka-maryAdA ke anusaraNa ko (laukikArthanAtikramAt ) anivArya mAnate haiM vahAM deva meM usake atikramaNa kA spaSTa ullekha hai / daNDI ke anusAra to aprAkRtikatA athavA asvAbhAvikatA kA bahiSkAra karate hue laukika maryAdA ke anukUla svAbhAvika varNana karanA hI kAMti guNa kA mukhya tatva hai / vAmana ne samRddhi arthAt zrajjvalya aura rasa-dIpti ko kAMti guNa kA sAra tatva mAnA - jisake lie sAdhAraNa pracalita zabdAvalI kA bahiSkAra anivArya hai / deva ne yA to daNDI kA abhiprAya nahIM samajhA - yA phira kucha pATha kI gar3abar3a hai / isake atirikta eka sambhAvanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki 'adhika loka da' se deva kA abhiprAya kadAcit vAmana dvArA nirdiSTa sAdhAraNa bacanA - valI ke bahiSkAra kA hI ho parantu yaha kucha kriSTa kalpanA hI lagatI hai / isI prakAra udAratA ke lakSaNa meM bhI 'yasmin ukte (jAhi sunata ho), tathA 'utkarSa' Adi zabda deva ne daraDI se hI lie haiM, parantu daNDI jahAM utkarSa kI bhAvanA ko udAratA kA prANa mAnate haiM, vahAM deva kA kahanA hai jAhi sunata hI dhoja ko dUra hota utkarSa / ( zabda-rasAyana) proja kA utkarSa dUra hone se unakA kyA abhiprAya hai yaha jAnanA kaThina hai / prayatna karane para yahI artha nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki udAratA meM eka prakAra kA utkarSa hotA hai, jo proja ke utkarSa se bhinna hotA hai yA phira yahAM bhI pratilipikAra kI kRpA se pATha kI kucha ulaTa phera hai / isI prakAra 1 samAdhi ke lakSaNa deva aura daraDI ke yoM to samAna hai-- kintu daNDI ke vahAM "lokasI mAnurodhinA (loka maryAdA ke bhItara) ke sthAna para deva ne na jAne ( 127 )

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kyoM "loka sIva ula~dhai arathA likha diyA hai ! yahAM bhI yA to pATha kI gaDhavar3a hai yA artha samajhane meM bhrAMti huI hai| isa prasaMga meM bhI deva ne eka navIna udbhAvanA kara DAlI hai-vaha yaha hai ki Apane pratyeka rIti (guNa) ke do bheda mAne haiM-nAgara aura grAmya / ina donoM meM yaha antara hai ki nAgara rIti meM suruci kA prAdhAnya hotA hai, grAmya meM rasa kA prAdhikya hote hue bhI suruci kA prabhAva rahatA hai| nAgara guna Agara, dutiya rasa-sAgara ruci-hIna / (zabda-rasAyana) vaise donoM ko apanI apanI vizeSatA hai-eka ko utkRSTa aura dUsarI ko nikRSTa kahanA arasikatA kA paricaya denA hogaa| -deva kI anya udbhAvanAoM kI bhA~ti yaha bhI mahatvahIna hI hai aura eka prakAra se asaMgata bhI kyoMki pahale to mAnava-svabhAva meM nAgara aura grAmINa kA mUlagata bheda mAnanA hI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai (deva apane udAharaNoM dvArA yaha antara spaSTa karane meM prAyaH asaphala rahe haiM), phira yadi isa sthUla bheda ko svIkAra bhI kara liyA jAe, to kAMti, udAratA Adi katipaya guNa aise haiM jinake lie agrAmyatva anivArya hai| aisI dazA meM inake bhI nAgara aura grAmINa bheda karanA inakI AtmA kA hI niSedha karanA hai| zabda-zakti, rIti, guNa Adi ke atirika deva ne kaizikI, bhArabhaTI, sAtvatI aura bhAratI vRttiyoM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai jo ki avyakAvya kA aMga na hokara dRzyakAvya kA hI aMga mAnI jAtI haiM / zRGgAra, hAsya aura karuNa meM kaizikI (kauzikI); raudra, bhayAnaka aura vIbhatsa meM prAramaTI; vIra, raudra, adbhuta aura zAMta meM sAtvatI; tathA vIra, hAsya aura adbhuta meM bhAratI vRti kA prayoga hotA hai / saMskRta meM nATya-zAstra, dazarUpaka, sAhitya-darpaNa Adi meM bhI rasoM ke anukrama se hI inakA vivecana hai-parantu deva kA AdhAra yahAM uparyuka anya na hokara kezavadAsa kI rasika-priyA hI hai| rasika-priyA meM ThIka isI krama se inakA rasoM ke sAtha samvandha baiThAyA gayA hai, eka thor3A sA antara yaha hai ki sAtvatI ke antargata zRGgAra ke sthAna para deva ne bharata ke AdhAra para raudra ko mAnA hai, basa, parantu kezava meM bhI zAyada yaha lipi-doSa hai| deva ke uparAnta dAsa taka prAyaH kisI bhI kavi ne rIti athavA rItitatvoM kA vizeSa vivecana nahIM kiyA / inake prasaMga meM do bAteM ullekha yogya (18)

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haiM : eka to sUrati mizra ne apane lakSaNa meM rIti kA samAveza karate hue usako / kAvya kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA hai : baranana mana-raMjana jahAM rIti alaukika hoi / nipuna karma kavi ko ju tihi kAvya kahata saba koi / jahAM taka mujhe smaraNa hai saMskRta-hindI ke kisI kavi ne rIti kA kAvya-lakSaNa . meM samAveza nahIM kiyA-guNa kA hI prAyaH kiyA hai| dUsarI vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki zrIpati ne apane zrIpati-saroja meM artha-guNoM kA alaga varNana kiyA hai| hindI meM artha aura zabda ke AdhAra para guNameda prAyaH nahIM kiye gye| eka ciMtAmaNi hI apavAda hai / saMskRta meM bhI vAmana yA bhojarAja Adi do eka prAcArya ko chor3a kiso ne isa bheda ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isa dRSTi se zrIpati kA artha-guNa-varNana eka ullekhanIya vizeSatA hai| somanAtha ne apane rasapIyUSanidhi meM guNa kA kAvya-lakSaNa meM ullekha kiyA hai-mammaTa ke AdhAra para unakA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai: saguna padAratha doSa binu, piMgala mata aviruddha / bhUSaNajuta kavi-karma jo so kavitta kahi buddha // parantu ina prAcAryoM kA guNa-lakSaNa vAmana se thoDA bhinna hai| ye guNa ko rasa kA dharma mAnate haiM jabaki vAmana use zabda-artha kA hI dharma mAnate haiMphira bhI vyavahAra rUpa meM donoM ke guNa-varNana meM bahuta kucha sAdRzya bhI hai, isIlie guNa kA rIti ke sAtha avicchinna sambandha rahA hai| dAsa dAsa kA guNa-varNana rItikAla ke prAyaH anya sabhI AcAryoM kI apekSA adhika mUlyavAna hai| unhoMne isa prasaMga kA varNana adhika manoyogapUrvaka aura sAtha hI svatantra rIti se bhI kiyA hai| dasa vidhi ke guna kahata hai, pahile sukavi sujAna / puni tInai guna gani racau, saba tinake daramyAna / / jyoM satajana hiya te nahIM sUratAdi guna jAya / tyoM vidagdha hiya meM raheM, dasa guna sahaja svabhAya / (15)

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zrarthAt jisa prakAra sajjana ke hRdaya meM zaurya Adi kA vAsa rahatA hai| isI prakAra vidagdha sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM svabhAva se hI daza guNa nivAsa karate haiM / dAsa kI yaha sthApanA paramparA se kucha bhinna hai / paramparA ke anusAra sthAyI bhAvoM ke viSaya meM yaha prasiddha hai ki ve vAsanA rUpa meM sahRdaya ke hRdaya meM vartamAna rahate haiM / dAsa guNoM kI bhI yahI sthiti mAnate haiM unakA tarka kadAcit yaha hai ki rasa ke dharma hone ke kAraNa guNoM kA bhI vAsanA se sahaja sambandha hai, aura zaurya Adi guNoM kI bhA~ti ve bhI zrAtmA meM hI nivAsa karate haiM / mammaTa zrAdi rasa dhvanivAdI bhI guNoM ko citta kI duti, dIpti tathA vyApti ( samarpakatva) rUpa mAnate hue isa tathya kI ora saMketa karate haiMaura isI kAraNa ve guNoM kI saMkhyA daza na mAna kara kevala tIna mAnate haiM dAsa kA bhI yahI mata hai : prAcIna AcAryoM ke anusAra daza guNoM kA varNana karane ke uparAMta ve mUla guNoM kI saMkhyA kevala tIna mAnate haiM / 1 daza guNoM ke vargIkaraNa meM dAsa ne phira paramparA se bhinna mArga kA avalambana kiyA hai| unhoMne guNoM ke cAra varga kiye haiM: (1) akSara - guNA--- mAdhurya, bhoja tathA prasAda (2) doSAbhAva-rUpa guNa - samatA, kAnti aura udAratA (3) artha -guNa---arthamyakti aura samAdhi (4) vAkya-guNa- zleSa tathA punaruktiprakAza | akSara guna mAdhurya, oja prasAda vicAri / samatA kAnti udAratA, dUSana-harana nihAri // arthavyakti samAdhi artha karai prakAsa | vAkyana ke guna zleSa zraru, punaruktI- parakAsa | yahAM pahalI bAta to yahI vicAraNIya hai ki dAsa ne punaruktiprakAza nAmaka eka naye guNa kI kalpanA kI hai aura vAmanAdi ke saukumArya guNa ko chor3a diyA hai| eka zabda bahu bAra jaha~, parai ruciratA artha / punaruktIparakAza guna, baranai buddhi samartha // dAsa ne saukumArya ke sthAna para isa navIna guNa ko kalpanA kyoM kI yaha kahanA kaThina hai, phira bhI yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki saukumArya kI ( 160 )

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kadAcit ve mAdhurya se pRthaka sattA svIkAra nahIM kara sake, ataeva use chor3a kara unhoMne eka anya prakAra ke padaracanA - camatkAra ko jisakA brajabhASA meM yatheSTa pracAra thA, dazaguNoM meM samAviSTa kara liyaa| vAmana ne zabda guNa saukumArya kA artha kiyA hai zabda-gata apAruSya -- isa dRSTi se punaruktiprakAza kI rucira padAvRtti ko saukumArya kA eka sAdhana bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / saukumArya kA yaha rUpa anya rUpoM kI apekSA adhika viziSTa thA, ataeva dAsa ne kadAcit isakA svatantra astitva mAnanA pracalita kAvya-bhASA ke adhika svarupAnukUla samajhA / zeSa nau guNoM meM se mAdhurya, zroja, prasAda, zleSa, kAnti, aura artha - vyakti ke lakSaNa to dAsa ne prAyaH dagaDI athavA vAmana ke anusAra hI diye haiM -- parantu samatA, zraudArya aura samAdhi meM paramparA se caicitrya hai / samatA - prAcInana kI rotisoM, bhinna rIti ThaharAi | samatA guna tAko kahai, pai dUSananha barAi // arthAt dAsa ke anusAra samatA guNa vahAM hotA hai jahAM paripATI-bhukta rIti kA parityAga kara navIna roti kA avalambana kiyA jAye - kintu paripATI se mukti duSTa prayogoM kI chUTa nahIM detI / yaha lakSaNa kucha-kucha vAmana ke artha - guNa mAdhurya se milatA hai / daNDI aura vAmana ke anusAra samatA kA artha hai roti kA zravaiSamya 1 udAratA jo anya bala paThita havai, samumi para caturaina / rana ko lAge kaThina, gana udAratA aina // arthAt jahA~ anvaya bala-pUrvaka lagAyA jA sake jo kevala vidagdha jana kI hI samajha meM Aye aura dUsaroM ko kaThina pratIta ho vahA~ udAratA guNa hotA hai / prastuta lakSaNa dAsa ne kahAM se liyA hai yaha kahanA kaThina hai / bharata, daNDI, tathA vAmanAdi kisI ne bhI isakA saMketa nahIM kiyA / tIsarA guNa samAdhi hai jisameM dAsa ne kucha vaicitrya pradarzita kiyA hai| jahAM rucira krama se Aroha-avaroha ho vahAM samAdhi guNa hotA hai : julai roha-avaroha gati rucira bhA~ti krama pAya / ( 161 )

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guNoM tathA vRttiyoM kA vivecana mammaTa ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| mizrajI ne bhI kevala tona hI guNoM kI sattA svIkAra kI hai-zeSa kA unhIM meM antarbhAva mAnA hai / vRttiyoM kA varNana vRtyanuprAsa ke antargata huA haiinhoMne bhI pradIpa ke AdhAra para mAdhurya kA sambandha upanAgarikatA se, proja kA gaur3I se, aura komalA kA prasAda se mAnA hai| hindI kAvyazAstra kI dUsarI pravRtti kA sambandha hai Adhunika zrAlocanA-paddhati se jisakA prAdhAra pAzcAtya kAvyazAstra tathA manovijJAna hai| svabhAvataH yaha dUsarI pravRtti ho Aja adhika samartha hai| isake antargata paM0 mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI, prAcArya rAmacandra zukla, DA. zyAmasundaradAsa tathA zrI lakSmInArAyaNa sudhAMzu Adi kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| roti arthAt kAvyabhASA-zailI ke viSaya meM ina vidvAnoM ne bhI vicAra vyakta kie haiM jinakA apanA vizeSa mUlya hai| Adhunika Alocaka paNDita mahAvIraprasAda dvivedI ke sAmane kAvya-bhASA aura gadya-bhASA kA prazna eka navIna rUpa meM upasthita huaa| usa samaya kAvya kI bhASA brajabhASA thI, aura gaya kI bhASA khar3I bolii| dvivedI jI ne basavartha ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para jyAvahArika rUpa se isa aMtara ko miTAne kA prayatna kiyaa| "matalaba yaha ki bhASA bolacAla kI ho kyoMki kavitA kI bhASA se bolacAla kI bhASA jitanI hI adhika dUra jA par3atI hai, utanI hI usakI sAdagI kama ho jAtI hai| + + isI taraha kavi ko muhAvare kA bhI khyAla rakhanA cAhie + + hindI urdU meM kucha zabda anya bhASAoM ke bhI A gaye haiM, ve yadi bolacAla ke haiM to unakA prayoga sadoSa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|" (rasajJa-raMjana pR0 46-47) / kahane kI pravizyakatA nahIM ki vaI savartha ke prayatna ke samAna hI yaha prayatna bhI viphala hI rhaa| isase yaha lAbha to huA ki khar3I bolI ko kAvya-bhASA rUpa meM svIkRti mila gaI-kintu bolacAna kI gadha se abhinna bhASA kAvya-bhASA nahIM bana sakI / dvivedIjI kI kavitA to gadyamayI ho gaI--kintu gadya-bhASA kAvya kI bhASA na bana sko| dvivedI jI ne upayukta siddhAnta ke anusAra bhASA ke guNoM kI apekSA usakI zuddhatA Adi para adhika bala diyA hai| (11)

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI 'avanti mundarI' kA mata 52 / azlIlatva ke tIna prakAra ke 'sAhitya mImAsA' kI kArikAe~ 53 | apavAda / kAvya ke gadya padya do bheTa 55 / a. guptArtha gadya kAvya ke tIna bheda va. lalitArtha padya kAvya ke bheda 57 / sa. savRta pravanva-kAvya aura muktaka aglIlatva ke tIna bheda pravandha-kAvyo me rUpaka kA mahatva 60 | 5. klipTArtha bhAmahakRta; kAvyo ke 'sargavandha', azlIlatva tathA klipTatva kA 'abhinayArtha' aura 'AkhyAyikA rUpa / vAkyaTopatva tIna bheda kAvya bhedoM ke vipaya meM Ananda vana kA mata dvitIya adhyAya [vAkya vAkyArtha dopa vibhAga 88-102] 'dopa-darzana' nAmaka dvitIya tIna prakAra ke vAkya dopa 88 adhikaraNa 1. bhinna vRtta [pRSTha 67-112 taka] 2. yati bhrapTa prathama adhyAya dhAta bhAga tathA nAma bhAga ke maMda meM yati bhraSTatva ke udAharaNa 89 padapadArtha-doSa vibhAga 66-87 ] bhinna vatta tathA yati bhraSTa kA gata prathamAdhyAya ke sAtha sambandha 67 paraspara bheda Topa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa | 3. visandhi pA~ca prakAra ke pada dopa visandhi dopa ke tIna bheda 1 asA paTatva 71. a. sandhi vizlepa 2. kapTapada 72 va azlIla sanvi 3. grAmyapaTa 72 | sa kapTa sandhi 4. apratIta pada 73 | sAta prakAra ke vAkyArya dopa 98 5 anarthaka pada 74 1 vyartha pA~ca prakAra ke padArtha dopa 2 ekArtha 1. anyAya ekArya yA punarukti kI adopatA 100 2. neyArya . vanA Adi pado kI adopatA 100' 3 gUDhArya karNAvatamAdi pado kI adopatA 101 88 / muktAhAra Adi pado kI adopatA 102 , 4. aglIla

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viSayAnukramaNikA puSpamAlA Adi pado kI adoSatA 103 | Aroha avaroha ke oja prasAda rUpa hone se samAdhi guNa kA khaNDana 126 uSTra-kalabha Adi pado kI adoSatA yaha adoSatA prayukta pado me hI mAnI jAtI hai / 3 sandigdha 4 aprayukta 5 apakrama 6 loka viruddha 7 vidyA viruddha 104 105 106 | 107 107 108 110 'guNa vivecana' nAmaka tRtIya adhikaraNa [ pRSTha 113 - 159 taka ] prathama adhyAya [ guNAlaGkAra viveka aura zabda guNa ] 113-139 guNa tathA alaGkAra kA bheda kAvya zobhA ke janaka guNa kAvya zobhA ke atizaya hetu upapAdana 3 zleSa guNa 4 samatA guNa 5 samAdhi guNa 113 113 alaGkAra mammaTAcArya kRta guNa alaGkAra bheda guNo kI nityatA dasa prakAra ke zabda guNa 1 oja guNa 114 115 118 119 120 2. prasAda, guNa zaithilya rUpa prasIda ke guNatva kA 120 123 samAdhi yukti kA nirAkaraNa mAdhuryaM guNa saukumArya guNa ' ke khaNDana me prastuta 6 7 guNa 8 udAratA guNa 9 artha vyakti guNa 10 kAnti guNa 11 zabda guNo ke viSaya me sagraha zloka guNo kI abhAvarUpatA kA nirAkaraNa guNo kI bhramarUpatA kA nirAkaraNa guNa ke pAThadharmatva kA nirA karaNa gha artha kA sakSepa kathana * Da artha kI sAbhiprAyatA ga 2 artha guNa prasAda 1243 artha guNa zlepa 124 | 4 artha guNa samatA 126 131 132 132 133 134 135 135 137 138 dvitIya adhyAya [ artha guNa vivecana 140 - 159 ] oja Adi daza artha guNa 140 1. artha guNa oja 141 artha prauDhi rUpa oja ke pA~ca bheda 141 ka pada ke artha me vAkya racanA 141 kha vAkya ke artha me pada kA prayoga ga artha kA vistAra se kathana 139 146 144 145 145 146 147 148

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154 kAvyalaGkArasUtravRttI 5. artha guNa samAdhi 150 bhaGga se yamaka kA utkarSa ka ayoni artha 150 bhaGga ke tIna bheda kha anyacchAyA yoni artha 151 ka zrRMkhalA bhaga artha ke vyakta, sUkSma do bheda 152 kha. parivartaka bhaga sUkSma ke bhAvya aura vAsanIya ga cUrNa bhaGga do bheda 152 | yamaka ke viSaya meM sAta sagraha 6 artha guNa mAdhurya 153 zloka 174 7 artha guNa saukumArya | anuprAsa kA lakSaNa 177 8 artha guNa udAratA 155 anulvaNa anuprAsa kI zreSThatA 79 9 artha guNa artha vyakti 156 pAda yamaka ke samAna pAdAnuprAsa 180 10. artha guNa kAnti 157 yamaka ke anya bhedo ke samAna kAvyapAka viSayaka tIna sagraha | anuprAsa ke anya bheda 184 zloka 158 kAvya pAka viSayaka rAjazekharamata 159 dvitIya adhyAya [upamA vicAra 185-210] 'AlaGkArika' nAmaka upamA kA lakSaNa 185 caturtha adhikaraNa upamAna aura upameya kA lakSaNa 186 pRSTha 160-270 upamA lakSaNa meM dono kI prathama adhyAya AvazyakatA 186 [zabdAlaGkAra vicAra 160-184 ] upamA ke kalpitA aura laukikI do bheda guNa alaGkAra kA bheda | unake udAharaNa 180 yamaka, anuprAsa do zabdAlaDvAra 160 padavRtti, vAvayArtha vRtti rUpa yamaka kA lakSaNa upamA ke do aura bheda yamaka ke sthAna prakArAntara se upamA ke pUrNA ka. pAda yamaka 163 tathA luptA do bheda kha. eka pAda ke Adi madhya anta | anya AcAryoM dvArA kie hue yamaka upamA ke 27 bhedo kI carcA 193 ga. do pAdo ke Adi madhya anta | upamA ke kAraNa yamaka 165 stuti, nindA aura tattvAkhyAna gha. ekAntara pAdAnta yamaka 167 / ke udAharaNa Ga. samasta pAdAnta yamaka 168 | upamA ke doSa gha. ekAkSara yamaka 169 | 1. hInatva upamA doSa pAnI kI 180 162 163

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sUtra 5] prathamAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH apanAyA hai / aura apane grantho me usako uddhRta kiyA hai| isake anusAra kIrti aura prIti ke atirikta puruSArthacatuSTaya aura kalA tathA vyavahAra Adi meM ' naipuNya kA lAbha bhI kAvya kA prayojana hai| kuntaka ne apane 'vakroktijIvitama' me isako aura adhika spaSTa karane kA ' prayatna kiyA hai| unhone kAvya ke prayojano kA nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai 1dharmAdisAdhanopAyaH sukumArakramoditaH / kAvyabandho'bhijAtAnA hRdayAhlAdakArakaH // 3 // vyavahAraparispandasaundarya vyavahAribhiH / satkAvyAdhigamAdeva nUtanaucityamApyate // 4 // caturvargaphalAsvAdamapyatikramya tadvidAm / kAvyAmRtarasenAntazcamatkAro vitanyate // 5 // arthAt kAvya kI racanA abhijAta zreSThakula me utpanna rAjakumAra Adi ke lie kahA huA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI siddhi kA sarala mArga hai / satkAvya ke parijJAna se hI, vyavahAra karane vAle saba prakAra ke logoM ko apane-apane vyavahAra kA pUrNa evaM sundara jJAna prApta hotA hai / [aura sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki ] caturvarga phala kI prApti se bhI bar3ha kara sahRdayoM ke hRdaya me camatkAra usase utpanna hotA hai| kuntaka ke isa kAvya prayojana ke nirUpaNa ko kAvyaprakAzakAra zrI mammaTAcArya ne aura bhI adhika vyApaka tathA spaSTa karake isa prakAra likhA hai kAvya yazase'rthakRte vyavahAravide zivetarakSataye / sadyaH paranivRtaye kAntAsammitatayopadezayuje // 2 // isame kAvyaprakAzakAra ne kAvya ke 6 prayojana pratipAdana kie haiN| jinameM se tIna ko hama mukhyataH kaviniSTha aura zeSa tIna ko mukhyataH pAThakaniSTha prayojana kaha sakate haiN| 'yazase', 'arthakRte' aura 'zivetarakSataye arthAt yaza aura artha kI prApti tathA aniSTa kA nAza yaha tInoM prayojana kavi ke uddezya 'vakroktijIvitam 1, 3, 4,5 / 2 kAvyaprakAza 1, 2 //

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10] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 5 se aura 'vyavahAravide', 'sadyaH paranivRtaye' tathA 'kAntAsammitatayA upadezayuje' yaha tIna prayojana pAThaka ke uddezya se rakhe gae haiN| isa prakAra kAnya prayojanoM ke nirUpaNa meM uttarottara vikAsa huA jAna par3atA hai| kIrti ko kAvya kA mukhya prayojana batalAte hue vAmana ne jisa prakAra ke tIna zloka isa adhyAya ke anta me likhe haiM, usI prakAra ke zloka bhAmaha ke 'kAvyAlaGkAra' meM bhI pAe jAte haiM / jo isa prakAra haiM 'upayuSAmapi diva sannibandhavidhAyinAm / Asta eva nirAtaGka kAntaM kAvyamaya vapuH // 6 // ruNaddhi rodasI cAsya yAvat kiirtirnshvrii| tAvat kilAyamadhyAste sukRtI vaibudha padam // 7 // ato'bhivAJchatA kIrti stheyasImAbhuvaH sthitaH / yatno viditavedyena vidheyaH kAvyalakSaNaH // 8 // sarvathA padamapyekaM na nigAdyamavadyavat / vilakSmaNA hi kAvyena duHsuteneva nindyate // 11 // akavitvamadharmAya vyAdhaye daNDanAya vaa| kukavitva punaH sAkSAnmRtimAhurmanISiNaH // 12 // arthAt uttama kAvyoM kI racanA karane vAle mahAkaviyoM ke divagata ho jAne ke bAda bhI unakA sundara kAvya zarIra [yAvaccandradivAkarau] akSuNNa banA rahatA hai| aura jaba taka usakI anazvara kIrti isa bhUmaNDala tathA AkAza meM vyApta rahatI hai taba taka vaha saubhAgyazAlI puNyAtmA deva pada kA bhoga karatA hai| isalie pralaya paryanta sthira kIti ko cAhane vAle kavi ko kavi ke upayogI samasta vipaya kA jJAna prApta kara uttama kAvya racanA ke lie parama prayatna karanA cAhie / kAvya me eka bhI anupayukta pada na Ane pAve isa bAta kA dhyAna rkhe| kyoMki kukAvya kI racanA se kavi usI prakAra nindA kA bhAjana banatA hai jisa prakAra kuputra ko utpanna karake / 'bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 1 /

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sUtra 5 ] prathamAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH iti zrI paNDitavaravAmanaviracita kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau 'zArIre' prathame'dhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH / iti prayojanasthApanA / [ kukavi banane se to kavi rahanA acchA hai / kyoMki ] kavitva se to adhika-se-adhika vyAdhi yA daNDa kA bhAgI ho sakatA hai parantu kukavitva ko to vidvAn loga sAkSAt mRtyu hI kahate haiM / [11 vAmana ne jisa prakAra ke tIna sagraha zloka isa adhyAya kI samApti meM die haiM isI prakAra ke zloka sAre grantha meM unhone aneka jagaha uddhRta kie haiN| iname se vikAza zlokoM kA yaha patA nahIM calatA hai ki unhoMne kahA se lie haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vaha zloka unake svaya apane hI banAe hue haiM / 'dhvanyAloka' tathA 'vakroktijIvita' Adi meM yaha zailI dekhI jAtI hai| ina grantho ke lekhakoM ne bhI apane mUla granthoM kI racanA kArikA rUpa me karake unakI vRtti bhI svaya hI likhI hai / unhoMne vRtti likhate hue aneka sthalo para kucha sagraha zloka likhe haiM / vaha zloka kArikAoM se bhinna aura vRtti grantha ke bhAga haiN| kuntaka ne ina zlokoM ko 'antarazloka' zabda se kahA hai / 'dhvanyAloka' meM 'sagraha' nAma se unakA nirdeza huA hai| isI prakAra vAmana ne apane sUtroM para svayaM 'vRtti' likhate hue sthAna-sthAna para isa prakAra ke zloka likhe haiM / inhIM ko prAyaH 'atra zlokAH ' zrAdi zabdoM se vAmana ne nirdiSTa kiyA hai | kahI kahIM isa prakAra ke zloka vAmana ne bhAmaha ke kAvyAlaGkAra zrAdi prAcIna granthoM se bhI uddhRta kie haiN| jahA unakA patA laga jAtA hai vahA to vaha prAcIna zloka hI mAnane hoMge, zeSa zloka vAmana ke apane zloka mAnane hoMge / isI lie yaha zloka bhI vAmana svaracita 'saMgraha' rUpa hI haiM / zrI paNDitavaravAmanaviracita 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti' me prathama 'zArIrAdhikaraNa' meM prathamAdhyAya samApta hunA / prayojana kI sthApanA samApta huI / zrImadAcAryavizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNiviracitAyA kAvyAlaGkAradIpikAyA hindIvyAkhyAyA prathame zArIrA'dhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH /

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24] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 12 samastAtyuddhaTapadAmojaHkAntiguNAnvitAm / gaur3IyAmiti gAyanti rIti rItivicakSaNAH / / udAharaNama, 'dordaNDAJcitacandrazekharadhanuINDAvabhaGgodyataprakAradhvanirArthavAlacaritaprastAvanADiNDimaH / drAkparyastaphapAlasampuTamiladbrahmANDamANDodarabhrAmyatpiNDitacaNDimA kathamaho nAdyApi vizrAmyati / / 12 // guNoM se samanvita rIti ko rIti [ zAstra] ke paNDita 'gauDIyA rIti kahate haiN| [gauDIyA rIti kA ] udAharaNa [ nimna zloka hai ] mahAkavi bhavabhUtinirmita 'mahAvIracaritam' nATaka ke prathamAtra meM rAmacandra ke dvArA ziva-dhanupa ke toDa die jAne ke bAda yaha lakSmaNa kI ukti hai| lakSmaNa kaha rahe haiM ki rAmacandra jI ke toDe hue dhanuSa kA bhayaGkara zabda aba taka bhI zAnta nahIM huzrA hai| zloka kA zabdArtha isa prakAra hai [zrI rAmacandra jI ke dvArA anAyAsa ] hAtha meM uTAe hue[candrazekhara] ziva jI ke dhanuSa ke daNDa ke TUTane se utpanna huA aura Arya [rAmacandra jI] ke bAla caritra rUpa [unake bhAvI jIvana kI prastAvanA kA udghoSaka , TakAra-dhvani [ usa mIpaNa TaGkAra ke kAraNa ] ekdama kAMpa uThane [dAk jhaTiti paryaste calite ] vAle [pRthvI tathA zrAkAza rUpa choTe-choTe ] kapAla-saMpuToM meM sImita [ choTe se ] brahmANDa rUpa bhANDa [ghaDA Adi rUpa vartana ] ke bhItara ghUmane ke kAraNa aura adhika bhayaGkaratA ko prApta hokara aba taka bhI zAnta nahIM huA hai| yaha pAzrghya hai| isameM bandha kI gAr3hatA aura padoM kI ujjvalatA ke kAraNa 'zroja' aura 'kAnti' nAmaka donoM guNa spaSTa haiM / isalie granthakAra ne ise 'gaur3I' rIti ke udAharaNa rUpa meM yahA prastuta kiyA hai | // 12 // isake vATa kramaprApta tIsarI pAJcAlI rIti kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| 'mahAvIracaritam 1,14 //

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[ 25 prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH mAdhuryasaukumAryopapannA pAJcAlI | 1, 2, 13 | mAdhuryeNa saukumAryeNa ca guNenopapannA pAJcAlI nAma rItiH / ojaHkAntyabhAvAdanulvaNapadA vicchAyA ca / tathA ca zlokaHazliSTazlathabhAvAM tAM pUraNacchAyayAzritAm / madhurAM sukumArAzca pAJcAlI kavayo viduH || yathA, sUtra 13 ] 'prAme'smin pathikAya naiva vasatiH pAnthAdhunA dIyate, rAtrAvatra vihAramaNDapatale pAntha prasupto yuvA / tenotthAya khalena garjati ghane smRtvA priyAM tatkRtam, yenAdyApi karaGkadaNDapatanAzaGkI janastiSThati // [ oja aura kAnti ke viparIta ] 'mAdhurya' aura 'saukumArya' [ rUpa do guNoM ] se yukta pAJcAlI rIti hotI hai / 'mAdhurya' tathA 'saukumArya' guNoM se yukta 'pAJcAlI' nAmaka rIti hotI hai / [ usameM ] zroja aura kAnti kA abhAva hone se usake pada [ gADhatva rUpa 'proja' se vihIna ] sukumAra aura [ kAnti kA abhAva hone se ] vicchAya [ kAntivihIna ] hote haiN| jaisA ki [ usa 'pAJcAlI' ke viSaya me nimnalikhita prAcIna ] zloka hai gAr3habandha se rahita [ zronovihIna ] zrora zithila [ anujjvala ] pada vAlI, [ gauDI rIti ke viSaya bhUta, 'zroja' ke viparIta ] 'mAdhurya' aura [ kAnti ke viparIta ] 'saukumArya' se yukta sampUrNa saundarya se zobhita 'rIti' ko kavi 'pAcAlI' roti kahate haiM / jaise : he pathika isa grAma meM aba pathikoM ko [ rAtri meM Thaharane ke lie ] sthAna nahIM diyA jAtA hai| [ kyoMki eka bAra aise hI kisI pathika ko yahAM ThaharA liyA thA, parantu ] rAtri meM yahAM vihAra [ bauddha maTha ] ke maNDapa ke nIce sote hue usa [ navayuvaka pathika ] ne [ varSA Rtu kI rAtri meM ] megha ke garjane para uTha kara [ usake kAraNa apanI priyA ko smaraNa karake vaha 1 zAGga ghara paddhatiH 3839 |

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26] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 14 etAsu tisRSu rItiSu rekhAviva citra kAvyaM pratiSThitamiti // 13 // tAsAM pUrvA grAhyA guNasAkalyAt / 1, 2, 14 / [karma ] kiyA [jo kahane yogya bhI nahIM hai aura ] jisake kAraNa yahAM [grAma ] ke loga [ pathika ke ] vadha ke daNDa kI zaGkA se bhayabhIta haiN| karaGka zabda kA artha TIkAkAra ne 'zava' aura 'tatkRta' se pathika kI mRtyu sUcita hotI hai, aisI vyAkhyA kI hai / arthAt varSA kI rAtri me meghoM ke garjana ko sunakara aura apanI priyA kA smaraNa kara vaha pathika yuvaka itanA duHkhI aura uttejita huaA ki duHkha ke Avega meM usakI mRtyu ho gii| prAtaHkAla usakA zava par3A milaa| jisake kAraNa yahA loga yaha samajhane lage ki isa pathika kI hatyA kA doSa hamAre sira par3egA ki gAva vAlo ne ise mArakara isakA dhana Adi chIna liyA hai| isalie isakA daNDa gAvavAloM ko bhoganA pdd'egaa| isa bhaya se grAma ke loga aAja taka bhayabhIta haiN| isalie taba se isa gAva meM rAtri meM kisI pathika ko Thaharane kI anumati na die jAne kA niyama banA liyA hai| kisI gRhastha ke yahA koI pathika rAtri ko Thaharane ke lie sthAna mAgane gyaa| usake uttara meM gRhapati, gRhasvAminI athavA kulavRddhA kA yaha vacana usa dUsare pathika ke prati kahA gayA hai| isa padya meM mAdhurya aura saukumArya guNa spaSTa pratIta ho rahe haiM aura unake kAraNa sampUrNa padya saundaryayukta pratIta hotA hai isalie granthakAra ne ise 'pAJcAlI rIti' ke udAharaNa rUpa me prastuta kiyA hai| ina tIna rItiyoM ke bhItara kAvya isa prakAra samAviSTa ho jAtA hai jisa prakAra rekhAoM ke bhItara citra pratiSThita hotA hai // 13 // isa prakAra rItiyo kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda unake zrApekSika mahattva tathA upAdeyatA ke tAratamya kA prazna svayaM upasthita ho jAtA hai| kyA ye tInoM rItiyA samAna mahatva kI haiM athavA unakI upAdeyatA meM tAratamya hai| isa prazna kA uttara dene ke lie granthakAra agalA prakaraNa prArambha karate haiN| unameM se prathama [arthAt vaidarbhI rIti samasta [arthAt dazoM ] guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa grAhya hai| [zeSa donoM utanI grAhya nahIM haiM ] /

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sUtra 15] prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [27 tAsAM tisRNAM rItInAM pUrvA vaidarbhI grAhyA guNAnAM sAkalyAt // 14 // na punaritare stokaguNatvAt / 1, 2, 15 / itare gaur3IyapAJcAlyau na grAhya, stokaguNatvAt // 15 // una tInoM rItiyoM meM se prathama arthAt vaidarbhI [ rIti sabase adhika ] grAhya hai, sampUrNa [dazoM ] guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa // 14 // - anya donoM [ gaudI tathA pAJcAlI rItiyAM ] alpa guNa [kevala do-do guNa ] vAlI hone se [ utanI ] grAhya nahIM haiN| dUsarI gaur3I aura pAbAlI [ yaha donoM rItiyAM ] svalpaguNa vAlI [ kevala do-do guNa vAlI ] hone se [ utanI ] grAhya nahIM haiM // 12 // - ina tIno rItiyo meM se vAmana ne kevala vaidarbhI ko grAhya aura zeSa donoM ko agrAhya athavA vaidarbhI kI apekSA alpagrAhya kahA hai| yaha mata kevala unakA hI nahIM hai apitu anya aneka siddhahasta aura prasiddha kaviyoM ne bhI unake isa mata kA samarthana kiyA hai, athavA kama-se-kama vaidarbhI rIti kI atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai| 'navasAhasAGkacaritam' kAvya ke racayitA zrI padmagupta parimala ne vaidarbhI rIti ko jahA sabase uttama mArga kahA hai vahA usakA anusaraNa talavAra kI ghAra para calane ke samAna kaThina batAyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai 'tatvaspRzaste kavayaH purANA zrImatR meeThapramukhA jayanti | nistriMzadhArAsadRzena yeSA vaidarbhamArgeNa giraH prvRttaaH|| 'vikramAkadevacaritam' ke racayitA mahAkavi 'vilhaNa' ne bhI vaidarbhI rIti kI atyanta prazasA karate hue likhA hai 'anabhravRSTiH zravaNAmRtasya sarasvatIvibhramajanmabhUmiH / vaidarbhItiH kRtinAmudeti saubhAgyalAbhapratibhaH padAnAm // mahAkavi nIlakaNTha ne apane 'nalacaritam' nAmaka nATaka meM vaidarbhI rIti kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai 'zrAdiH svAduSu yA parA kavayatA kASThA yadArohaNe, yA te niHzvasitaM navApi ca rasA yatra svadantetarAm 'navasAhasADucaritam 1, 5 / vikramAGkadevacaritam 1, 6 / 3 nalacaritam nATaka ar3a 2.

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28 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 15 pAJcAlIti paramparAparicito vAdaH kavInA para, vaidarbhI yadi saiva vAci kimitaH svarge'pavarge'pi vA // nIlakaNTha ke mata me 'vaidarbhI rIti svAdu, zrahlAdadAyaka vastuoM me sabase prathama hai| usakA avalambana karane se kaviyo ko apane kavitva kI parA - kASThA prApta hotI hai / 'yA te niHzvasitam' jo vaidarbhI terI arthAt sarasvatI 1 kI prANa svarUpa hai jisameM navo rasoM kA zrAsvAdana ho sakatA hai / kucha loga 'pAJcAlI' ko bhI rIti kahane haiM parantu yaha una kaviyoM kA kevala paramparAparicitavAdamAtra [ bher3acAla ] hai, usame tathya nahI hai / vAstava me to vaidarbhI rIti hI ina guNo se yukta hai / yadi vANI me usa vaidarbhI rIti kA rAjya hai to phira usake sAmane svarga yA apavarga meM bhI kucha tatva nahI haiM / mahAkavi 'zrIharSa' paNDita kavi the / unakI kavitA kaThina aura zAstracarcA bahula hai / parantu vaha bhI apane ko 'vaidarbhI' ke pAza me phasA huA pAte haiM / jaise vaidarbhI damayantI ne apane saundaryAdi guNo se naiSadha nala ko apanI cora khIca liyA thA isI prakAra 'samagraguNasampannA' vaidarbhI rIti ne mahAkavi zrIharSa ke naiSadha kAvya ko bhI apanI ora AkRSTa kara liyA hai| isa rahasya ko zrIharpa zleSa mukha se svaya hI svIkAra karate hue naiSadha kAvya me likhate haiM dhanyAsi vaidarbhi guNairudArairyayA samAkRSyata naiSadho'pi / itaH stutiH kA khalu candrikAyA yadabdhimapyuttaralIkaroti // naiSadha ke zleSamaya caudahaveM sarga meM bhI zrIharSa ne zleSa se vaidarbhI rIti, kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai 1 naMbagha 3, 116 // gha 14, 61 // guNAnAmAsthAnI nRpatilakanArIti viditA rasasphItAmantaH tava ca tava vRtte ca kavituH / bhavitrI vaidarbhImadhikamadhikaNTha racayitu parIrambhakrIDA caraNazaraNAmanvahamayam // adhika kyA isa adhyAya ke anta me svaya granthakAra vAmana ne bhI vaidarbhI rIti kI prazasA me do prAcIna zloka uddhRta kie haiN| phalataH isa vaidarbhI rIti ke sAmane zranya donoM rotiyA heya arthAt alpa mahatva kI haiM yaha vAmana kA abhiprAya hai / jise unhoMne ina dono sUtro me abhivyakta kiyA hai // 15 //

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sUtra 16-18] prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [26 tadArohaNArthamitarAbhyAsa ityeke // 1, 2, 16 // tasyA vaidaO evArohaNArthamitarayorapi- rIlyorabhyAsa ityeke manyante // 16 // tacca na, atattvazIlasya tattvAniSpate. // 1, 2, 17 // na hyatattvaM zIlayatastattvaM niSpadyate // 17 // nidarzanamAhana zaNasUtravAnAbhyAse trasarasUtravAnavaicityalAbha // 1,2,18 // kucha logo kA mata hai ki vaidarbhI mArga kI prApti kA sAdhana pAJcAlI tathA gauDI rItiyoM kA abhyAsa hai| arthAt gaur3I tathA paJcAlI rIti me racanA karanA sarala hai aura usakA abhyAsa karate-karate kavi samaya para vaidarbhI rIti meM scanA karane meM bhI samartha ho sakatA hai| parantu vAmana isa mata ke atyanta viruddha haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki atattva ke abhyAsa se tatva ko prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise sana kI sutalI se TATa kI paTTI bunane vAlA vyakti apane usa abhyAsa se Tasara ke sundara rezamI vastra bunane meM kauzala prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| isI prakAra pAJcAlI tathA gaur3I rItiyoM kA abhyAsa karane vAlA kavi unake abhyAsa ke dvArA vaidI rIti me abhyAsa-pATava prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai / isI bAta ko granthakAra Age kahate haiN| usa [ vaidarbhI rIti ] ke zrArohaNa ke lie dUsarI [ gauDo tathA pAJcAlA rIti ] kA abhyAsa [ upayogI yA sAdhanabhUta hotA] hai aisA koI loga mAnate haiN| usa [vaidarbhI rIti ] ke ArohaNa [ usakI prApti ke lie hI zeSa donoM [ gauDI tathA pAJcAlI ] rItiyoM kA abhyAsa hotA hai aisA koI loga mAnate haiM // 16 // unake mata kA khaNDana karate haiMvaha ThIka nahIM hai / atatva ke abhyAsa se tattva kI prApti nahIM hotii| aMtattva kA abhyAsa karane vAle ko tatva kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai // 17 // [apane isa kathana ko puSTi meM ] udAharaNa [ ke lie ] kahate haisana kI DorI [ kI paTTiyoM ] ke vunane ke abhyAsa karane para Tasara

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30 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [sUtra 18-16 na hi zaNasUtravAnamamyasan kuvindastrasarasUtravAnavaicitrya labhate // 18 // sApi samAsAbhAve zuddhavaidarbhI / 1, 2, 16 / sApi vaidarbhI zuddhavaidarbhI bhaNyate, yadi samAsavat padaM na bhavati // 16 // tasyAmarthaguNasampadAsvAdyA / 1, 2, 20 / [ rezama ] ke sUtra ke tunane meM vicakSaNatA [kauzala ] kI prApti nahIM hotI hai| sana ke sUtra se bunane kA abhyAsa karane vAlA dhunakara Tasara [rezama] ke sUtra ke vunane meM vaicitrya ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra kA eka prasaGga yogadarzana ke prathama pAda meM pAyA hai| yoga darzana meM samprajAta aura asamprajJAta do prakAra kI samAdhi mAnI gaI hai| jisa prakAra yahA atattva ke abhyAsa se tatva kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai yaha kahA hai, usI prakAra vahA samprajAta yA sAlambana samAdhi ke abhyAsa se asamprajJAta samAdhi kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai yaha bAta kahI gaI hai| "sAlambano hyanyAsastatsAdhanAya na kalpata iti virAmapratyayo nirvastuka zrAlambanIkriyate / // 18 // Upara jisa samagraguNa vibhUSita vaidI rIti kA varNana kiyA hai vaha aura bhI utkRSTa zuddha vaidarbhI ho jAtI hai yadi usameM samAsa kA prayoga na ho| isako granthakAra aAge kahate haiN| vaha [ vaidarbhI rIti ] bhI samAsa ke na hone para [aura bhI utkRSTa ] zuddha vaidarbhI kahalAtI hai| vaha vaidarbhI bhI zuddha vaidarbhI kahI jAtI hai yadi usameM samAsayukta pada na hoN| [vaidarbhI kA bhI utkRSTa rUpa yaha zuddha vaidarbhI hai / yaha abhiprAya hai] // 16 // ___ usameM artha guNoM kA vaibhava [ sampatti, samagratA, pUrNa saundarya prAsvAdya arthAta ] anubhava karane yogya hotA hai| -- - - - - - -- 1 yoga0 1, 15 // --- --

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sUtra 20] prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [31 tasyAM vaidAmarthaguNasampadAsvAdyA bhavati // 20 // tadupArohAdarthaguNalezo'pi / 1, 2, 21 / tadupadhAnataH khalvarthalezo'pi svadate / kimaGga punararthaguNasampat / tathA cAhuH - ___ usa vaidarbhI [rIti ] meM arthaguNoM kA vaibhava prAsvAda ke yogya hotA hai| vAmana ne jo daza guNa mAne haiM unako zandaguNa tathA arthaguNa donoM rUpa me mAnA hai| unake nAma donoM jagaha samAna haiM parantu lakSaNa donoM jagaha bhinna-bhinna haiN| inameM se zabdaguNoM kA kSetra kucha sImita hai parantu arthaguNoM kA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai| usameM vastutaH kAnya ke upayogI aura utkarSAdhAyaka prAyaH samasta aMzoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / (1) artha kI praudi 'proja' nAma se, (2) ukti kA vaicitrya 'mAdhurya' nAma se, (3) navIna artha kI kalpanA arthadRSTirUpa 'samAdhi' nAma se,(4) raso kA prakarSa kAnti nAma se, (5) arthavaimalya prasAda nAma se, ityAdi rUpa se kAvya ke utkarSAdhAyaka samasta aMzoM kA samAveza arthaguNoM ke antargata ho jAtA hai / vaha sArI artha sampatti vaidarbhI rIti ke antargata AsvAdya athavA alaukika camatkAra rUpa se anubhava yogya hotI hai| isIlie vaidI rIti vizeSarUpa se grAhya aura prazaMsA ke yogya mAnI gaI hai // 20 // vaidarbhI rIti meM arthaguNoM kI sampatti yA vaibhava to anubhava yogya hotA hI hai parantu yadi usameM guNo kA pUrNa vikAsa na huA ho aura leza mAtra hI ho to usa lezamAtra kA bhI saundarya kucha alaukika rUpa se mAsane lagatA hai| jisake kAraNa usameM varNita eka choTI-sI bAta bhI bar3I camatkAra yukta pratIta hotI hai| isI bAta ko granthakAra agale sUtra meM kaha rahe haiN| usa [vaidarbhI rIti ] ke sahAre me arthaguNoM kA leza mAtra bhI AsvAda yogya ho jAtA hai [arthaguNa-sampatti kI to bAta hI kyaa|] usa [vaidarbhI rIvi] ke sahAre se artha kA lega [sAmAnya artha ] bhI AsvAda yogya ho jAtA hai arthaguNa sampatti kI to bAta hI kyA kahanA / jaisA ki [ vaidarbhI rIti kI prazaMsA meM likhe gae nimna zlokoM meM] kahA hai

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32] [sUtra 21 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau kintvasti kAcidaparaiva padAnupUrvI, yasyAM na kiJcidapi kiJcidivAvabhAti / Anandayatyatha ca karNapathaM prayAtA, cetaH satAmamRtavRSTiriva praviSTA / kintu vaha [vaidarbhI rItimayI ] kucha aura hI [prakAra kI lokottara] pada racanA hai jisameM [ nibaddha hone para ] na kucha [ tuccha yA asat ] sI vastu bhI kucha [alaukika camatkAramaya ] sI pratIta hotI hai / aura sahRdayoM ke karNagocara hokara unake citta ko isa prakAra zrAhlAdita karatI hai mAno [kahIM se ] amRta kI varSA ho rahI hai| isa zloka kI vyAkhyA ke prasaGga meM zrI gopendratripuraharabhUpAlaviracita 'vAmanAlaGkAra sUtravRtti' kI kAmadhenu nAmaka vyAkhyA meM isake pUrvArddha rUpa me yaha do paktiyA aura uddhRta kI hai , jIvan padArthaparirambhaNamantareNa zabdAvadhirbhavati na sphuraNena satyam / ina paktiyoM kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIvita arthAt camatkArayukta padArtha ke binA kevala vaidI rIti ke sphuraNamAtra se vAkya yA kAvya ke saudarya kI parAkASThA nahIM hotI hai, yaha satya hai kintu, isa prakAra isa pUrvArddha kI agale zloka ke sAtha saGgati to laga jAtI hai parantu vaha isa 'kintvasti0 ityAdi zloka kA pUrvArddha nahIM hai | kintu isake pUrva yadi eka pUrvapakSa kA zloka diyA jAya yaha paMkkiyA usa pUrvapakSa ke zloka kA uttarArddha ho sakatI haiN| parantu yaha zloka svayaM paripUrNa hai| granthakAra ne purA zloka uddhRta kiyA hai / kevala uttarArddha nahI / phira TIkAkAra ne na jAne kyoM 'atra... iti pUrvArddha paThanti likha kara Upara kI donoM paktiyA uddhata kI haiM / zloka meM Ae hue 'na kiJcidiva' zabda kA asadvastu aura kiJcidivAvamAti' kA artha sadivAvabhAti' yaha artha TIkAkAra ne bhI apanI TIkA me diyA hai| granthakAra zrI vAmana vaidarbhI rIti kI prazasA meM Age eka aura zloka uddhRta karate haiM

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[33 sUtra 22] prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya vacasi yamadhigamya spandate vAcakazrIvitathamavitathasva yatra vastu prayAti / udayati hi sa tAhA kvApi vaidarbharItau sahRdayahRdayAnAM raJjakaH ko'pi pAkaH // 21 / / sA'pi vaidarbhI tAtsthyAt / 1, 2, 22 / sApIyamarthaguNasampad vaidarbhItyuktA / tAsthyAdityupacArato vyavahAra darzayati // 22 // ___jisa [vaidarmI rIti ] ko [ kAvya rUpa] vAkya meM prApta karake zabda saundarya [vAcakalI.] thirakane lagatA hai, jahAM [vaidarbhI rIti meM pahuMca kara ] nIrasa [vitaya vastu bhI sarapta avitaya ] ho uThatI haiM, sahRdayoM ke hRdayoM ko bAhnAdita karane vAlA kucha aisA anirvacanIya zabdupAka vaidarbhI rIti meM [ho] kahIM udaya ho jAtA hai. I. [ jisake kAraNa zabda zobhA mAnoM nAcane lI lagatI hai aura nIrasa vastu bhI sarasa ho jAtI hai / TIkAkAra ne vivaya zabda kA artha nIrasa aura avitatha zabda kA artha sarasa kiyA hai| ] // 2 // usa [vaidarbhI rIti ] meM rahane ke kAraNa vaha [arthaguNa sampatti bhI ]' [upacAra yA lakSaNA se ] vaidarbhI [ nAma se kahI jA sakatI hai| vaha arthaguNa sampatti bhI vaidarbhI [ nAma se ] kahI gaI hai / [ sUtra meM prayukta 'tArasthyAt' isa pada se ] usa [ vaidarbhI rIti ] meM sthita hone ke kAraNa [arthasampatti bhI vaidarbhI nAma se kahI gaI hai ] | isa prakAra upacAra [ lakSaNA] se vyavahAra dikhalAte haiN| kisAna loga khetoM kI rakSA ke lie unase macAna banA kara aura una para baiTha kara anAja Adi ko khAne vAle pakSI Adi ko uDAte haiN| vahA pakSiyoM ko ur3Ane kI AvAja macAnoM para sthita puruSa dete hai parantu vahA 'maJcA: krozanti-macAna pukArate haiN| isa prakAra kA vyavahAra hotA hai / yaha vyavahAra 'tAsthya sambandha se lakSaNA vRtti ke dvArA gauNa rUpa se hotA hai / vahA jaise 'tAlthya' sambandha se maJcastha puruSo ke lie maJca zabda kA aupacArika prayoga hotA hai, isI prakAra yahA vaidI rIti meM sthita arthaguNasampatti ke lie bhI upacAra arthAt lakSaNA se vaidarbhI zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha granthakAra kA abhiprAya hai| bhAmahakAlIna do mArgoM kA siddhAntavAmana ne isa.adhyAya me 'vaidarbhI', 'pAJcAlo' tathA 'gaur3I' ina tIna

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34] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 22 rItiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai aura unhIM ko kAvya kI AtmA mAnA hai / vAmana ke pUrvavartI bhAmaha ne rIti ke sthAna para 'mArga' zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usake tIna kI jagaha kevala do bheda kie haiM--'vaidarbha mArga' tathA 'gaur3Iya mArga' / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhAmaha ke samaya me kAvya-racanA ke yaha do mArga pracalita the / parantu vaha svayaM donoM mArgoM kA bheda mAnane ke pakSa meM nahIM haiM / mArga-bheda ke viSaya me aruci sI dikhalAte hue unhoMne likhA hai vaidarbhamanyadastIti manyante sudhiyaH pare / tadeva ca kila jyAyaH sadarthamapi nAparam / / 31 / / gaur3Iyamidametattu vaidarbhamiti kiM pRthak / gatAnugatikanyAyAnnAnAkhyeyamameghasAm // 32 // nanu cAzmakavaMzAdi vaidarbhamiti kathyate / kAmaM tathAstu prAyeNa sajJecchAto vidhIyate // 33 // apuSTArthamavakroktiM prasannamUju komalam / minnaM geyamivedantu kevalaM zrutipezalam // 34 // alaGkAravadagrAmyamadhye nyAyyamanAkulam / gaur3Iyamapi sAdhIyo vaidarbhamiti nAnyathA // 35 // isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kucha loga 'vaidarma mArga' ko 'gaur3Iya mArga se alaga mAnate haiM aura yaha kahate haiM ki vahI vaidarbha mArga uttama mArga hai / sadartha yukta hone para dUsarA arthAt 'gaur3Iya mArga usa vaidarbha 'mArga' ke barAbara nahIM ho sakatA hai| parantu bhAmahAcArya kA kathana yaha hai ki yaha 'vaidarbha' aura 'gaur3Iya' mArga ke bheda kI kalpanA vyartha hai| mUrkha loga gatAnugatika nyAya se, yA bher3a-cAla se kyA nahIM kaha sakate haiN| saba prakAra kI anargala vAteM kahane lagate haiM / arthAt unake matAnusAra yaha 'vaidarbha' tathA 'gaur3Iya mArga ke bheda kI kalpanA kevala mer3acAla ke AdhAra para cala rahI hai aura mUrkhatApUrNa hai| koI yadi yaha kahe ki nahIM, mArga kI yaha kalpanA nirAdhAra nahIM hai apitu deza ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| azmaka vaMza Adi deza vidarbha kahalAtA hai| usI ke AdhAra para 'vaidarbhamArga' mAnA jAtA hai| aura vaha 'gaur3IyamArga' se bhinna hai / isake uttara meM bhAmahAcArya kahate haiM ki yaha vaidarbha zrAdi saMjJAeM to Apane apanI icchA ke anusAra kara lI haiN| kAvya kA saundayodhAyaka tatva to eka hI hai| use cAhe 'vaidarbha mArga se, cAhe 'gaur3Iya mArga se nirU

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sUtra 22 ] prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [35 paNa karo yadi vaha tatva pA jAtA hai to donoM avasthAoM meM kAnya upAdeya hogA anyathA usase minna hone para 'vaidarbha mArga' bhI kAvya ko upAdeya nahIM banA sakatA hai / yadi alaGkArayukta, grAmyatA doSa se rahita, sundara artha se yukta aura susaGgata kAvya hai to vaha bhale hI 'gaur3Iya mArga se likhA gayA ho, vaha avazya sahRdayoM ke hRdaya me camatkAra ko utpanna karegA / aura yadi ina guNoM se vihIna kAvya hai to phira vaha bhale hI vaidarbha mArga se likhA gayA ho vaha sahRdayoM ke lie camatkArajanaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra bhAmaha ne apane samaya ke mArgoM ke pracalita bheda ke prati aruci prakaTa kI hai parantu usa se yaha spaSTa hai ki vAmana kI tIna rItiyo ke sthAna para bhAmaha ke samaya do mArga kA mAnane vAlA koI sampradAya pracalita thaa| kuntaMka kA trimArga siddhAnta 'vakrokti jIvitam' nAmaka prasiddha sahita anya ke nirmAtA kuntaka ne deza ke AdhAra para mAne gae donoM mArgoM tathA vAmana kI tInoM rItiyo kA khaNDana kara 'racanA zailI' ke AdhAra para 'sukumAra', 'madhyama' aura 'vicitra' ina tIna prakAra ke mArgoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| 'samprati tatra ye mArgAH kaviprasthAnahetavaH / sukumAro vicitrazca madhyamazcobhayAtmakaH // arthAt kAvya racanA ke kevala tIna mArga ho sakate haiN| na isase kama eka yA do aura na isase adhika cAra yA pAca / ina tIno mArgoM meM se pahilA sukumAra, dUsarA vicitra aura tIsarA sukumAra tathA vicitra ke yoga se banA madhyama mArga hai| dezAdhita rItivAda tathA mArgavAda kA khaNDana vidarbhAdi dezoM ke AdhAra para mAnI gaI vAmana kI tIna rItiyoM tathA bhAmaha dvArA ullikhita do mAgoM ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate hue kuntaka ne likhA hai 'atra bahuvidhA vipratipattayaH sambhavanti / yasmAccirantanairvidarbhAdidezasamAzrayeNa vaidarbhIprabhRtayo rItayastisraH samAmnAtAH / tAsA cottamAdhamamadhyamatvena traividhyam / anyaizca vaidarbhagaur3IyalakSaNaM mArgadvitayamAkhyAtam / etaccobhayamapyayukti ' vakroktinIvitam 1, 24 / vakroktijIvitam 1, 24 /

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36 ] [ sUtra 22 yuktam / yasmAddezabhedanibandhanatve rItibhedAnA dezAnAmAnantyAdasakhyatvaM prasajyate / na ca viziSTarItiyuktatvena kAvyakaraNaM mAtuleyabhaginI vivAhavad dezadharmatayA vyavasthApayitu N zakyam / dezadharmo hi vRddhavyavahAraparamparAmAtrazaraNaH zakyAnuSThAnatA nAtivartate / tathAvidhakAvyakaraNaM punaH zaktyAdikAraNakalApasAkalyamapekSamANo na zakyate yathAkathaJcidanuSThAtum' | kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki mArga ke viSaya meM aneka prakAra ke matabheda ho sakate haiN| kyoMki vAmana Adi prAcIna zrAcAryoM ne vidarbha Adi deza vizeSa ke zrAzraya se vaidarbhI Adi tIna rItiyA mAnI hai / aura una rItiyoM meM vaidarbhI ko sarvottama mAna kara uttama, madhyama, adhama rUpa se tIna vibhAga kie haiM / isake atirikta bhAmaha ke kAvyAlaGkAra me pAe jAne vAle mata ke anusAra anya logoM ne vaidarbha tathA gaur3Iya rUpa do prakAra ke mArga mAne haiM / yaha dono mata yuktisaGgata nahI haiN| kyoMki kAvya racanA kI rItiyoM ko yadi dezavizeSa ke AdhAra para vibhakta kiyA jAyagA to dezo ke ananta hone se rItiyoM kI anantatA mAnanI hogI / jo ki asaGgata hai / kisI dezavizepa meM pracalita mamerI bahana ke sAtha vivAha Adi ke samAna rItiyoM ko daizika AcAramAtra nahI mAnA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki daizika zrAcAra meM to kevala vRddhavyavahAraparamparA hI pramANa hai / isI lie vRddhavyavahAra ke anusAra usakA anuSThAna kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu kAvya kI racanA to vRddhavyavahAra ke Upara zrAzrita nahIM haiM / usake lie to zakti aura vyutpatti zrAdi kAraNakalApa kI zrAvazyakatA hotI hai| usake binA kevala daizika dharma ke rUpa meM kAvya kI racanA nahI kI jA sakatI hai / isalie daizika zrAcAroM ke samAna deza-bheda ke dhAra para kAvya-racanA kI rItiyoM kA bheda karanA ucita nahIM hai / * kiJca zaktau vidyamAnAyAmapi vyutpasyA dirAhArya kAraNasampat pratiniyatadezavipayatayA na vyavatiSThate / niyamanibandhanAbhAvAt tatrAdarzanAdanyatra ca darzanAt / zrI zakti ke hone para bhI vyutpatti zrAdi upArjita kAraNa sAmagrI kI bhI kAvya-racanA me zrAvazyakatA hotI hai| vaha kAraNa sAmagrI bhI kisI dezavizeSa meM niyamita nahIM hai| kyoMki vidarbha zrAdi usa-usa deza meM rahane vAle anya bahuta se puruSoM ko usa prakAra kI zakti tathA vyutpatti prApta nahI hotI hai aura usa deza se bhinna sthala meM bhI usa prakAra kI sAmagrI prApta ho jAtI hai / isalie kAvya 1,2 vakroktijIvitam kA0 1, 24 /

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sUtra 22 prathamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 37 racanA kI koI bhI samagrI dezavizeSa ke Upara avalambita nahIM hai / na pratibhA kisI dezavizeSa se sambandha rakhatI hai aura na vyutpatti zrAdi / vaha dono prakAra 1 kI sAmagrI saba dezo aura kAloM meM sarvatra upalabdha ho sakatI hai| sabhI dezoM meM uttama kavi ho sakate haiN| isalie dezavizeSa ke aAdhAra para kAvya-racanA kI. rItiyoM kA vibhAjana karanA ucita nahI hai / Age deza-bheda ke zrAdhAra para mAnI huI una rItiyoM ke uttama, madhyama, adhama bhAva kA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, yaha dikhalAte hue kuntaka likhate haiM 'na ca rotInAmuttamAdhamamadhyamatvabhedena traividhyamavasthApayitu nyAyyam / yasmAt sahRdayAhlAdakArikAvyalakSaNa prastAve vaidarbhIsadRza saundaryAsambhavAnmadhyamAdhamayorupadezavaiyarthyamAyAti / parihAryatvenApyupadezo na yuktatAmavalambate / tairevAnabhyupagatatvAt / nacAgatikagatinyAyena yathAzakti daridradAnAdivat kAvyaM karaNIyatAmarhati / tadeva nirvacanasamAkhyAmAtrakaraNakAraNatve dezavizeSAzrayaNasya vaya na gvidAmahe | mArgadvitayavAdinAmapyetAnyeva dUSaNAni / tadalamanena niHsAravastuparimala navyasanena / arthAt dezavizeSa ke AdhAra para mAnI gaI rItiyoM kA jo uttama, madhyama adhama rUpa se tIna prakAra kA jo vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai vaha bhI ucita nahIM huA / kyoMki sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI kAvya kI racanA ke prasaGga me yaha tIna prakAra kA rItivibhAga kiyA gayA hai| aura yaha kahA gayA ki vaidarbhI rIti sabase adhika sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki anya rItiyA 'vaidarbhI' ke samAna hRdayAhlAdaka nahI ho sakatI haiN| ataH jo sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakArI hai vahI kAvya kI ekamAtra rIti ho sakatI hai| isalie tIna rItiyA nahI apitu kevala eka hI rIti mAnanI cAhie ! zeSa do rItiyo kA upadeza vyartha ho jAtA hai / yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zeSa rItiyoM kA upadeza unake parityAga ke lie kiyA gayA hai to yaha kahanA ucita nahIM hogA kyoMki rItiyoM kA pratipAdana karane vAle vAmana isa bAta ko nahIM mAnate haiM ki zeSa rItiyoM kA upadeza unakA parityAga karane ke lie kiyA gayA hai| do mArgoM ke mAnane meM bhI yahI doSa Ate haiM / isa prakAra kuntaka ne dezabheda ke AdhAra para mAne gae do mArga aura tIna rItiyo ke siddhAnta kA khaNDana kara vastutaH 'zailI' ke AdhAra para sukumAra, vicitra tathA madhyama mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vakroktijIvitam kA0 1, 24 / 1

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38 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau iti zrI paNDitavaracA manaviracitakAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau 'zArIre' prathame'dhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH / adhikAricintA rItinizcayazca / [ sUtra 22 pAzcAtya 'rIti' vivecana na kevala bhAratIya sAhitya meM apitu pAzcAtya sAhitya me bhI 'rItiyoM' kA vivecana baDe sundara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| pAzcAtya darzana tathA sAhitya ke janmadAtA prasiddha yUnAnI vidvAn ' arastU' ne sAhitya zAstra samvandhI do mahatvapUrNa hai grantha likhe haiM jinake nAma 'reTAriksa' tathA 'poiTiksa' hai / iname se 'reTAriksa' ke tRtIya khaNDa meM rItiyoM kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / arastU ne 'sAhityika' tathA 'vAdAtmaka' do prakAra kI rItiyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| hamAre yahA 'sAhityika' rItiyoM kA vivecana sAhityazAstra me aura 'vAdAtmaka' rItiyoM kA vivecana nyAya zAstra meM kiyA gayA hai / 'arastU' ke bAda 'DimeTriyasa' nAmaka eka aura prasiddha yUnAnI zrAlaGkArika 300 IsavI pUrva hue haiN| unhone 'zrAna sTAila' [On Style] nAmaka utkRSTa grantha rIti grantha me cAra prakAra kI rItiyA mAnI haiM zrImadAcArya vizvezvara siddhAnta ziromaNiviracitAyA kAvyAlaGkAradIpikAyA hindIvyAkhyAyA prathame zArIrA'dhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH samAptaH / 1 prasanna mArga [Plain Style], 2 udAtta mArga [Stately Style] 3 maTaNa mArga [Polished Style], 4 UrjasvI mArga [ Powerful Style] hamAre yahA jaise 'kuntaka' ne apane mArgoM ke sAtha athavA vAmana ne apanI rItiyoM ke sAtha guNo kA sambandha pradarzita kiyA hai, isI prakAra 'DimeTriyasa' ne bhI apane mArgoM ke sAtha guNo kA sambandha dikhalAyA hai| una guNoM ke abhAva meM cAra dUpita rItiyA utpanna ho jAtI haiM 1 zithila mArga [Frigid Style], 2 kRtrima mArga [Affected Style], 3 nIrasa mArga [Arid Style] 4 zrananukUla mArga [ Disagreeable Style] zrI paDitavAmanaviracita 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti' meM prathama 'zArIrAdhikaraNa' meM dvitIya adhyAya samApta hutrA / zradhikAricintA aura rItinizcaya samApta huA /

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zArIranAmni prathamAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [kAvyAGgAni kAvyavizeSAzca] adhikAricintAM rItitatvaJca nirUpya kAvyAGgAnyupadarzayitumAhaloko vidyA prakIrNaJca kAvyAGgAni / 1, 3, 1 / / zArIra nAmaka prathama adhikaraNa meM tRtIya adhyAya [kAvya ke aGga aura kAvya ke bheda] pichale adhyAya meM granthakAra ne isa anya ke 'adhikArI tathA usake pratipAdya viSaya ke mukhya bhAga 'rIti' kA vivecana kiyA thA / usake pUrva arthAt prathamAdhikaraNa ke prathama adhyAya me anya ke prayojana kA nirUpaNa kara cuke haiM / isa prakAra ina vigata do adhyAyo meM 'anubandha catuSTaya' meM se 'adhikArI', 'prayojana' aura 'viSaya' ina tInoM anubandho kA nirUpaNa ho gyaa| aba zeSa cauthA 'sambandha' nAmaka anubandha raha jAtA hai| usake spaSTa hone se granthakAra ne alaga nahIM dikhAyA hai| grantha kA, viSaya ke sAtha 'pratipAdya-pratipAdaka bhAva', aura adhikArI ke sAtha 'bodhya-bodhakamAva' sambandha sadA hI hotA hai| isalie usako alaga dikhalAne kI adhika AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra yahA taka 'anubandha catuSTaya' kA nirUpaNa kara cukane ke bAda andhakAra aba apane viSaya kA pratipAdana prArambha karate haiN| jaise pichale adhyAya me 'adhikArI' tathA 'rIti nizcaya' rUpa do viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thA isI prakAra isa adhyAya meM 'kAvya ke aGga' aura 'kAnya ke bheda' ina do viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kreNge| kAvya ke aGga zabda se kAvya ke avayavoM kA nahIM apitu sAdhano kA grahaNa karanA cAhie / anyakAra isa adhyAya ke prArambhika 20 sUtroM meM kAvya ke sAdhanoM kA aura antima 12 sUtroM meM kAvya ke mukhya bhedo kA nirUpaNa kreNge| sabase pUrva pichale adhyAya ke sAtha isa adhyAya kI saGgati jor3ate hue granthakAra adhyAya kA prArambha karate haiM adhikAricintA aura rItinizcaya kA [pichale adhyAya meM ] nirUpaNa karake [aba isa adhyAya meM ] kAvya ke sAdhanoM [aGgoM ] ko dikhalAne ke lie kahate haiM (1) loka [ arthAt sthAvara-jagamAtmaka loka kA vyavahAra], (2) vidyA

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40 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 1 caudaha athavA aThAraha bhedoM se prasiddha samasta vidyAeM ], aura 3. [ kAvyoM kA -jJAna, kAvyoM kI sevA, padoM ke nirvAcana kI sAvadhAnatA, aura svAbhAvika pratibhA tathA udyoga rUpa pAMca ko milAkara ], prakIrNa [ phuTakara isa prakAra yaha tIna mukhya ] kAvya [ nirmANa meM kauzala prApta karane ] ke sAdhana haiM // 1 // kAvya ke inhIM sAdhanoM ko lekara kAvyaprakAzakAra zrI mammaTAcArya ne apane grantha meM kAvya ke hetutro kA isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai'zaktirnipuNatA lokazAstrakAvyAdyavekSaNAt / kAvyajJazikSAyAbhyAsa iti hetustadudbhave // isameM vAmana ke loka aura vidyA donoM kA 'lokazAstrAdyavekSaNAt nipuNatA ' ke antargata aura prakIrNa meM se zakti ko alaga karake tathA vRddhasevA zrAdi ko 'kAvyajJazikSayAbhyAsaH' me antargata karake, 'kAvyaprakAzakAra' ne bhI vAmana ke samAna hI 8 kAvyAGgoM ko mukhya rUpa se tIna kAvya-sAdhanoM ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / vAmana ke pUrvavartI zrAcArya 'bhAmaha' ne kAvya ke sAdhanoM kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - P " zabdazchando'bhidhAnArthA itihAsAzrayAH kathAH / loko yuktiH kalAzceti mantavyA kAvyayairamI // 6 // zabdAbhidheye vijJAya kRtvA tadvidupAsanAm / vilokyAnyanibandhAzca kAryaH kAvyakriyAdaraH ||10|| ina saba kAvyAGgoM ke nirUpaNa kI tulanA karane se pratIta hotA hai ki kAvya ke sAdhana sava logo kI dRSTi meM lagabhaga eka jaise hI haiN| parantu unhIM ke paurvAparya 'athavA vibhAga Adi meM bheda karake bhinna-bhinna zrAcAryoM ne apaneapane DhaMga se unakA nirUpaNa kara diyA hai / 1 bhAmaha ke Upara uddhRta kie hue zlokoM meM antima pada kA pATha bhraSTa mAlUma hotA hai / grantha ke sampAdaka mahodaya svaya bhI zuddha pATha kA nizcaya nahIM kara sake haiN| unhone mUla meM hI 'kAvyayairvazI' aura 'kAvyayairamI' yaha do pATha die haiM / aura eka tIsarA pATha 'kAvyayaiAmI' nIce TippaNI rUpa meM diyA hai| ina tInoM meM se kisI se bhI artha kI saddhati ThIka nahIM lagatI hai / phira bhI 'sthitasya gatizcintanIyA' isa siddhAnta ke anusAra 1 kAvyaprakAza 1, 2 / , bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 1, 6-10 /

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[41 sUtra 2] prathamAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH uddezakrameNaitad vyAcaSTe- . lokavRtta lokaH / 1, 3, 2 / lokaH sthAvarajaGgamAtmA / tasya vartanaM vRttamiti // 2 // sthita pATha kI hI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai| isa pATha me vastutaH 'kAvyayaiH' pada aspaSTa hai / usako yadi 'kAvyaM yAti iti kAnyayaH' arthAt jo kAvya nirmANa kI ora calanA cAhatA hai vaha 'kAvyaya huA aisA artha kara leM to pATha kI kathaJcit saGgati laga jAvegI / usa dazA me prathama zloka kA artha yaha ho jAvegA ki jo kAvya nirmANa kI ora pravRtta honA cAhe usa abhinava kavipadAkAkSI ko 'zabda-smRti' arthAt 'vyAkaraNa', chanda, koza, itihAsAzrita kathAeM, lokavyavahAra, nyAyAdi yuktizAstra aura causaTha prakAra ko kalAoM kA manana aura jJAna prApta karanA cAhie / yaha pahile zloka kA artha huA / aura usake bAda zabda aura artha ko bhalI prakAra samajha kara, dUsare mahAkaviyo ke kAvyo kA avalokana, tathA kAnyajJa vidvAno kI satsaGgati karate hue kAvyaracanA kA abhyAsa karanA cAhie / yaha bhAmaha ke kAvyasAdhana-pratipAdaka donoM zloko kA bhAvArtha hunA / vAmana ne bhI prAyaH inhIM sAdhano kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| ____1'nAmamAtreNa vastusaGkIrtana uddeza:'-nAma mAtra se vastu ke kathana karane arthAt padArthoM ke kevala nAma ginAne ko 'uddeza' kahate haiM / jaise ki yahA prathama sUtra me loka, vidyA, aura prakIrNa yaha kAvyAgoM ke nAma mAtra ginA die haiN| unakA lakSaNa Adi nahI kiyA hai / isI ko 'uddeza' kahate haiN| 'uddeza' ke samaya padArthoM ke paurvAparva kA jo krama rahatA hai usI krama se Age unakI vyAkhyA, lakSaNa Adi kie jAte haiN| isalie yahA bhI andhakAra 'uddeza-krama' se kAvyAno ke lakSaNa Adi karane ke lie avataraNikA karate haiM uddeza ke krama se inakI vyAkhyA karate haiMloka vyavahAra [ yahAM ] loka [ zabda se abhipreta ] hai| sthAvara [vRkSAdi acala ] aura jaGgama [cala manuSyAdi] rUpa [jagat ] loka [ zabda kA mukhyArtha ] hai / usakA vRtta arthAt vyavahAra yaha [lokavRtta pada kA artha hai / / 2 / / 2 tarkabhASA pR0 5 /

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54] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 16-20 vivikto dezaH / 1, 3, 16 / vivitto nirjanaH // 16 // / rAtriyAmasturIyaH kAlaH / 1, 3, 20 / rAtreAmo rAtriyAmaH praharasturIyazcaturthaH kAla iti / tadvazAd viSayoparataM cittaM prasannamavadhatte // 20 // ___ vaha vizeSa deza aura kAla kauna-se haiM jinameM ekAgratA uppanna hotI hai yaha kahate haiM vivikta [arthAt nirjana ] deza [ ekAgratA ke lie Avazyaka ] hai / vivikta [kA artha] nirjana hai| [sthAna kI nirjanatA, citta kI ekAgratAsampAdana ke lie atyanta Avazyaka hai ] // 19 // ___ rAtri kA cauthA pahara [ brAhmamuhUrta kA kAla citta kI ekAgratA ke lie sabase adhika upayukta ] kAla hai| rAtri kA yAma rAtriyAma [ yaha SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa ] hai| [yAma kA artha ] prahara hai / turIya [ kA artha ] caturtha / [ rAtri kA caturtha pahara, arthAt brAhmamuhUrta kA samaya citta ko ekAgratA kA upayukta ] kAla hai / usa [ samaya] ke prabhAva se viSayo se virata aura nirmala citta ekAna ho jAtA hai| [vaha samaya kAvya nirmANa ke lie atyanta upayogI hai|] brAhmamuhUrta kA samaya kAvya racanA zrAdi bauddhika kAryoM ke lie vizeSa rUpa se upayukta aura anukUla hai| usameM navIna bhAvoM kI sphUrti hotI hai| isalie mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne 'pazcimAd yAminIyAmAt prasAdamiva cetnaa|" yaha pada likhA hai| mahAkavi mAgha ne bhI likhA hai ki gahanamapararAtraprAptabuddhiprasAdAH kavaya iva mahIpAzcintayantyarthajAtam // 20 // isa prakAra isa adhyAya ke ina prArambhika bIsa sUtro meM kAvya ke sAdhanoM ' raghuvaMza 17,1 // 2 mAgha 11,6 /

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sUtra 21-23 ] prathamAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [55 evaM kAvyAGgAnyupadizya kAvyavizeSakathanArthamAha kAvyaM gadyaM padyaJca / 1, 3, 21 / gadyasya pUrvanirdezo durlakSyavizeSatvena durbandhatvAt / tathAhuH'gadya kavInAM nikaSa vadanti // 21 // tacca tridhA bhinnamiti darzayitumAhagadyaM vRttagandhi cUrNamutkalikAprAyaJca / 1, 3, 22 / tallakSaNAnyAha padyabhAgavad vRttagandhi / 1, 3, 23 / padyasya bhAgAH pdybhaagaaH| tadvad vRttagandhi / yathA'pAtAlatAlutalavAsiSu dAnaveSu' iti / - - kA nirUpaNa kara aba agale 10 sUtroM me kAvya ke bhedo kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate haiN| isa prakAra kAvya ke sAdhano kA kathana karake kAvya ke bhedoM ke nirUpaNa ke lie kahate hai kAvya gadya aura padya [ rUpa se do prakAra kA hotA hai| [kAvya ke ina dono bhedoM meM se ] gadya kA pahale nirdeza usako vizeSatAmoM ke durjeya aura usakI racanA ke kaThina hone ke kAraNa kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki [ lokokti meM ] pahA hai gadya ko kaviyo kI [ pratibhA ko ] kasoTI kahate hai // 21 // vaha [ gadya ] bhI tIna prakAra kA hotA hai yaha dikhalAne ke lie gadha (1) vRttagandhi, (2) cUrNa, aura (3) utkalikAprAya [ tIna prakAra kA hotA hai // 22 // una [ tInoM gadhabhedo ] ke lakSaNa kahate hai [jo gadya paDhane meM] padyabhAga se yukta [ yA usake samAna pratIta ho [usameM vRtta prarthAt chanda kI gandha hone se ] usako 'vRttagandhi' kahate hai / 'padyabhAgavat' kA samAsa kahate hai ] padya kA bhAga padyabhAga yaha SaSThI samAsa hai ] usase yukta [ yA usake samAna gadya ] 'vRttagandhi' [kahalAtA hai| pAtAla ke tAla ke tale meM rahane vAle vAnavo meN|

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56] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 24 atra hi 'vasantatilakA' vRttasya bhAgaH pratyabhijJAyate // 23 // anAviddhalalitapada cUrNam 1, 3, 24 / anAviddhAnyadIrghasamAsAni lalitAnyanuddhatAni padAni yasmiMsta- / danAviddhalalitapadaM cUrNamiti / yathA abhyAso hi karmaNAM kauzalamAvahati / na hi sakRnnipAtamAtreNodabindurapi prAvaNi nimnatAmAdadhAti // 24 // isa [ udAharaNa ] meM 'vasantatilakA' chanda kA bhAga [ eka caraNa, par3hate ho ] pahicAna liyA jAtA hai| [ isalie isa gadyAMza meM 'vasantatilakA' vRtta kI gandha hone se yaha sArA gadya bhAga jisakA yaha ekadeza udAharaNArtha liyA gayA hai| 'vRttagandhi' gadya kahalAtA hai / _ 'vasantatilakA' chanda kA lakSaNa hai 'uktA vasantatilakA tabhajA jagau gaH / ' yaddI paMkti usakA udAharaNa bhI hai / isake anusAra vasantatikSakA vRtta meM pratyeka caraNa me 14 akSara hote haiN| unakA vinyAsa tagaNa, bhagaNa, jagaNa, jagaNa, guru, guru isa prakAra hotA hai| Upara ke udAharaNa 'pAtAlatAlutalavAsiSu dAnaveSu' kI racanA isI krama se hai / isalie vaha padya ke samAna pratIta hotA hai / isalie vaha jisa gadyabhAga kA aMza hai vaha saba 'vRttagandhi' gadya kahalAtA hai // 23 // ___dUsare prakAra kI gadyaracanA ko 'cUrNa' kahate haiM / agale sUtra me granthakAra usa 'cUrNa ga kA lakSaNa karate haiM / asamasta [anAviddha ] aura lalita pado se yukta [gadhabhAga] 'cUrNa' kahalAtA hai| anAviddha arthAt vIrghasamAsarahita aura sundara komala pada jisa meM ho vaha anAviddha lalitapada vAlA gadya 'cUrNa' kahalAtA hai / jaise karmoM ke abhyAsa se hI kauzala prApta hotA hai / kevala eka bAra girane se to jala kI bUMda bhI patthara meM gaDDhA nahIM DAlatI // 24 // ___ gadya kA tIsarA bheda 'utkalikAprAya' kahalAtA hai| usakA svarUpa cUrNAsmaka gadya se bilkula viparIta hotA hai / cUrNAtmaka gadya dIrghasamAsarahita aura komala pada yukta hotA hai, to 'utkalikAprAya' gadya usake viparIta dIrghasamAsa aura uddhata padoM se yukta hotA hai / isI prAzaya se granthakAra usakA lakSaNa Age karate haiN|

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prathamAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAya viparItamutkalikAprAyam / 1, 3, 25 | viparItamAviddhoddhatapadamutkalikAprAyam / yathAkulizazikharakharanakharapracayapracaNDa capeTApATitamattamAtaGgakumbhasthalagalanmadacchaTAcchuritacArukesara bhArabhAsuramukhe kesariNi // 25 // sUtra 25-26 ] ---------- [ 57 padyamanekabhedam / 1, 3, 26 / padyaM khalvanekena samArthasamaviSamAdinA bhedena bhinnaM bhavati // 26 // [ cUrNAtmaka gadya se ] viparIta 'utkalikAprAya' [ gadya ] hotA hai / [ cUrNAtmaka gadya se ] viparIta prarthAt dIrghasamAsayukta [ zrAviddha ] aura uddhata pado se yukta [ gadya ] 'utkalikAprAya' [ gadya nAma se kahA jAtA ] hai | jaise bajrakoTi ke samAna tIkSNa nakho ke kAraNa bhayaGkara thappaDa se vidIrNa matta hAthI ke kumbhasthala se giratI hue mavadhArA se bhIge hue ayAlo ke samUha se dedIpyamAna mukha vAle siMha ke hone para // 25 // gadyakAvya kA nirUpaNa kara cukane ke bAda padya kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate haiN| padya aneka prakAra ke hote hai / sama, ardhasama aura viSama Adi bheda se padma aneka prakAra ke hote haiM // 26 // 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti' ke TIkAkAra zrI 'gopendra tripuraharabhUpAla' ne sama, asama aura viSama vRttoM ke lakSaNa 'bhAmaha' ke matAnusAra isa prakAra uta kie haiM samamardhasamaM vRttaM vipamaJca tridhA matam / yo yasya catvArastulyalakSaNalakSitAH / tacchrundaHzAstratattvajJAH samavRtta pracakSate ||1|| prathamAtrisamo yasya tRtIyazcaraNo bhavet / dvitIyasturyavad vRtta tadardhasamamucyate // 2 // yasya pAdacatuSke'pi lakSma bhinna parasparam / tadAhurviSama vRtta chandaH zAstravizAradAH // 3 // ye zloka yadyapi 'bhAmaha' ke nAma se TIkA me uddhRta kie gae haiM parantu 'bhAmaha' ke 'kAvyAlaGkAra' meM unakA kahI patA nahI calatA hai| isI prakAra Upara 1, 3, 15 veM sUtra kI vRtti me 'zrAdhAnoddharaNe tAvat yAvaddolAyate manaH '

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sUtra 2-3] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [66 arthatastadavagama / 2, 1, 2 / guNasvarUpanirUpaNAt teSAM dopANAM arthAdavagamo'rthasiddhiH // 2 // kimarthante pRthak prapaJcyanta ityAha saukaryAya prapaJca / 1, 1, 3 / saukaryArtha prapaJco vistaro doSANAm / uddiSTA lakSitA hi dopAH sujJAnA bhavanti // 3 // kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| phira doSa nirUpaNa ke lie isa 'doSadarzana' adhikaraNa kI racanA Apane kyo kI hai ? granthakAra isa prazna kA uttara yaha dete haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki guNo ke parijJAna se bhI unake virodhI dopoM kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| parantu yadi unakA sAkSAt lakSaNa kara diyA jAya to pAThaka ko adhika saralatA hogI isalie pAThakoM ke saukarya ke lie yahA dopo kA prapaJca athavA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / isI pUrvapakSa tathA uttara pakSa ko agale do sUtro meM dikhalAte haiM / [prazna ] arthApatti se una [guNavirodhI doSo] kA jJAna ho sakatA hai| guNo ke svarUpa ke nirUpaNa se una doSoM kA arthApatti se jJAna yA arthataH siddhi ho sakatI hai // 2 // [phira ] unakA pRthak nirUpaNa kisa lie kara rahe hai, yaha kahate hai [uttara-pAThako kI] saralatA ke lie [ doSoM kA] prapaJca [vistAra] kiyA hai| sugamatA ke lie prapaJca arthAt doSo kA vistRta vivecana [kiyA] hai| [boSo ke ] nAma ginA dene [ uddeza] aura lakSaNa kara dene se doSa saralatA se samajha meM Ate hai| yahA vRttigrantha me 'uddeza' tathA 'lakSaNa' zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'uddeza' kA artha 'nAmamAtra kA kathana karanA' arthAt abhimata padArthoM kA kevala nAma ginA denA hai| 'nAmamAtreNa vastusaGkIrtanamuddezaH' / aura lakSaNantu asAdhAraNadharmavacanam' / asAdhAraNa dharma kA kathana karanA lakSaNa kahalAtA hai| jaise 'gandhavatI pRthivI' athavA 'sAsnAdimattva gotvam' yaha pRthivI tathA gau ke lakSaNa haiN| abhimata padArthoM ke nAma ginAkara unake asAdhAraNa dharmoM ko batA dene arthAt lakSaNa kara dene se padArtha bhalI prakAra samajha me A jAte haiM / isIlie

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70 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 4 padadopAn darzayitumAha duSTaM padamasAdhu kaSTa grAmyamapratItamanarthakaJca / . 2, 1, 4 / uddeza tathA lakSaNa karane kI paddhati sarvatra pAI jAtI hai / nyAya zAstra meM trividha zAstra pravRtti kA varNana AyA hai| arthAt usame 'uddeza' aura 'lakSaNa' ina do ke sAtha 'parIkSA' ko aura bar3hA diyA gayA hai| ina tIno rUpo me nyAyazAstra kI pravRtti hotI hai / parantu vaizeSika Adi darzano meM 'parIkSA' ko chor3a kara 'uddeza' tathA 'lakSaNa' rUpa dvividha zAstra pravRtti kA hI varNana kiyA gayA hai / yahA vAmana ne bhI 'uddeza' tathA 'lakSaNa' do kA hI kathana kiyA hai| isa zradhikaraNa me sthUla rUpa se hI pratIta hone vAle kAvya ke sAdhutvApAdaka sthUla dopoM kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA haiM / zrAge granthakAra likhege ki 'ye tvanye zabdArthadoSAH sUkSmAste guNavivecane vacyante' / isa pati se yaha abhiprAya nikalatA hai ki yahA nirUpaNa kie jAne vAle doSa, sthUla doSa hI haiM, sUkSma doSa nahI / guNa viparyaya svarUpa sUkSma doSo kA nirUpaNa guNanirUpaNa ke prasaGga meM kiyA jAyagA ||3|| isa prakAra dopa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa aura usake nirUpaNa kI upayogitA kA pratipAdana karake aba dopo kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate haiM / pada doSoM ko dikhalAne ke lie kahate hai 1 zrasAdhupada, 2 kaSTapada, 3 grAmyapada, 4 apratItapada, aura 5 anarthaka pada [ yaha pAMca prakAra ke padadoSa athavA ] duSTa pada hote hai // 4 // zabda aura artha kAvya ke zarIra haiN| uname se zabda, pada aura vAkya rUpa, tathA artha, padArtha, vAkyArthaM rUpa se do-do prakAra ke haiN| pada aura padArtha kI pratIti ho jAne ke bAda ho vAkya aura vAkyArtha kI pratIti ho sakatI hai| isalie vAkya yA vAkyArthaM ke doSo ke nirUpaNa ke pUrva pada aura padArtha ke doSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / unameM bhI pada se hI padArtha kI pratIti ho sakatI hai isalie 1 padArtha doSo kI apekSA pada-doSo kA nirUpaNa pahile kiyA hai / yaha sUtra pada doSo kA 'uddeza' sUtra hai / isame pada doSoM ke nAmoM kA saGkIrtana mAtra kiyA gayA hai / unake lakSaNa Adi Age kie jAyege / sUtra me zrAyA 'pada' zabda zrasAdhu, kaSTa, grAmya, apratIta aura anarthaka ina pAcoM ke sAtha jor3a kara asAdhuparda, kaSTapada, grAmyapada, apratItapada, aura anarthakapada yaha pAca prakAra ke padadopa samajhane cAhie / yahA sUtrakAra ne kevala pAca prakAra ke hI

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sUtra 5] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH krameNa vyAkhyAtumAha [ 71 zabdasmRtiviruddhamasAdhu / 2, 1, 5 / zabdasmRtvA vyAkaraNena viruddha' padmasAdhu / yathA 'anyakAraka - vaiyarthyam' iti / chAtra hi, 1 SaSThyatRtIyAsthasyAnyasya duk AzIrAzAsthAsthitotsukotikAra karAgacchepu' iti dukA bhavitavyam iti // 5 // padadoSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai parantu vAmana ke bAda doSo kI sakhyA me vRddhi hokara anta me sAhityadarpaNa ke yuga meM pahuca kara pAca kI jagaha 18 prakAra ke pada doSa ho gae hai / sAhityadarpaNakAra ne unako isa prakAra ginAyA haiduHzravatrividhAzlI lAnucinArthA prayuktatA / 6 grAmyApratItisandigdhaneyArthanihitArthatA // pU 3 vAcakatvaM kliSTatvaM viruddhamatikAritA / avimRSTavidheyAzabhAvazca padavAkyayoH // doSAH kecid bhavantyeSu padAze'pi pade pare / nirarthakAsamarthatve cyutasaskAratA tathA // 18 [ uddeza ke ] krama se vyAkhyA karane ke lie kahate haivyAkaraNazAstra ke viparIta [ zabda kA prayoga ] 'asAdhu ' [ pada ] kahalAtA hai / zabdasmRti arthAt vyAkaraNazAstra se viruddha pada 'asAdhu ' [ pada ] kahalAtA hai / jaise, zranyakAraka vyartha hai| yahAM [ isa prayoga meM ] zraSaSThyatRtIyAsyasyAnyasya duk prAzI-prAzA-prAsthA-sthita utsuka Uti kAraka-rAga-ncheSu isa sUtra se [ anya zabda ke antya ac se pare ] Tuk [ kA Agama hokara 'zranyatkAra kavaiyarthyam' aisA prayoga ] honA cAhie / yahA Tuk kA Agama na karake 'anyakAraka' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / ukta pANini sUtra kA zrAzaya yaha hai ki zrAzI zrAdi padoM ke pare rahate anya zabda ko duk kA Agama ho / isa prakAra dugAgama hokara anyadAzI, anyadAzA, anyadAsthA, anyadAsthitaH, zranyadutsukaH, anyadUtiH, zranyadrAgaH, aura pratyaya kA anyadIyaH zrAdi prayoga banate haiM / ' SaSThI' Adi dene se SaSThI ' aSTAdhyAyI 6, 3, 66 ra sAhityadarpaNa 7,2-4 /

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72 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau zrutivirasa kaSTam / 2, 1, 6 / zrutivirasaM zrutikaTu padaM kaSTam / taddhi racanAgumphitamapyudve jayati / yathA acUcuraccaNDi kapolayoste kAntidravaM drAg vizadaH zazAGkaH // 6 // [ sUtra 6 tathA tRtIyA meM anyasya zranyena vAzIH anyAzIH prayoga hI hogA / yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yahA 'anyakAraka' pada kA prayoga karane vAle ne bhI 'anyeSA kArakANA vaiyarthya anyakAraka vaiyarthyam' isa prakAra kA SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa aura paSThI vibhakti mAna kara hI gahA 'anyakArakavaiyarthyam' isa prakAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / usame asAdhutva kA avakAza kahA hai ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki phira bhI | unakA yaha prayoga ThIka nahI hai / kyoki isa pANinIya sUtra ke mahAbhASya meM bhASyakAra ne sUtra ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake isa prakAra usakA nyAsa kiyA kA / 1. anyasya duk chakArakayoH, 2. paSThyatRtIyAsthasyAzIrAzAsthAsthitotsukotirAgepu / bhASyakAra ke isa prakAra ke nyAsa karane kA Azaya yaha huA ki 'cha' pratyaya aura 'kAraka' ke pare rahate 'anya' zabda' ko saba vibhaktiyoM me nitya duk kA zrAgama ho aura zrAzI, AzA Adi zabdo ke pare rahate paSThI tathA tRtIyA se bhinna vibhaktiyoM ke 'anya' zabda ko hI duk kA zrAgama ho / arthAt zrAzI, AzA Adi zabdo ke pare rahate SaSThI aura tRtIyA ke anya zabda ko duk Agama na hokara yanyAzI, anyAzA Adi prayoga bana jAvege / parantu 'cha' pratyaya tathA 'kAraka' zabda ke pare rahate Tuk kA zrAgama avazya hogA isalie vahA 'granyakAraka' prayoga na hokara 'anyatkAraka' hI banegA / 'anyakAraka ' pada kA prayoga sAdhu hai | navIna prAcAryoM ne isa doSa ko cyutasaskAra nAma se kahA hai ||5|| sunane meM virasa arthAt karNakaTu pada 'kaSTapada' [ doSa ] kahalAtA hai / kAnoM ko arucikara karNakaTu pada 'kaSTapada' hai / [ navIna AcAryoM ne ise duHzrava nAma se 'vyavahRta' kiyA hai / ] vaha to racanA meM [ lekha rUpa meM ] nibaddha hokara bhI arucikara hotA hai / jaise he caNDi [ krodhanazIle tumhAre nArAja hone para ] jAna par3atA hai ki tumhAre gAlo ke saundarya rasa ko eka vama camakane vAle candramA ne curA liyA hai [ isIlie vaha turanta camakane lagA hai ] / [ yahAM drAk yaha pada kaSTa zrutikaTu yA duHzrava hai ] // 6 //

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sUtra 7-8] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [73 lokaprayuktamAtra grAmyam / 2, 1, 7 / loka eva yatprayuktaM padaM na zAstre tad prAmyam / yathA 'kaSTaM kathaM roditi phUtkRteyam / ' anyadapi tallagallAdikaM draSTavyam // 7 // - zAstramAtraprayuktamapratItam / 2, 1, 8 / zAstra eva prayuktaM yanna loke tadapratItam / yathA'kiM bhApitena bahunA rUpaskandhasya santi me na guNAH / guNanAntarIyakaca premeti na te'styupAlambhaH // atra rUpaskandhanAntarIyakapade na loke ityapratItam / / 8 // jo kevala loka meM hI prayukta ho [zAstra meM nahIM ] vaha grAmya pada kahalAtA hai| jo pada kevala loka meM hI prayukta ho zAstra meM nahIM vaha grAmya [pada] kahalAtA hai / jaise hAya yaha [cUlhA Adi ] phUkane vAlI [ ghue Adi ke kAraNa ] kaise ro rahI hai / [ yahA~ phUtkRtA zabda prAmya hai / usakA kAvyo meM satkaviyo dvArA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra talla galla prAdi zabda bhI [grAmya pada] samajhane cAhieM [jaise-tAmbUlabhUtagallo'yaM tallaM jalpati mAnavaH / pAna se bhare hue gAlo vAlA yaha AdamI acchI bakavAda kara rahA hai| isa udAharaNa meM prayukta 'galla' aura 'talla' zabda bhI gAmyapada hI samajhane cAhieM ] // 7 // kevala zAstra meM prayukta hone vAlA [ loka meM prayukta na hone vAlA] pada 'apratIta pada' [ doSagrasta ] kahalAtA hai| jo kevala zAstra meM hI prayukta hotA hai loka meM nahIM vaha [pada ] 'apratIta pada' hotA hai / jaise ___ bahuta kahane se kyA lAbha, sIdhI bAta yaha hai ki mere bhItara zarIra [rUpaskandha ] ke [ saundarya prAdi ] guNa nahI hai aura prema [ una zArIrika saundarya prAdi ] guNo kA [ nAntarIyaka ] avinAbhAvI hai isalie [ tuma mujhe prema kyo nahIM karate yaha ] tumhe ulAhanA [ to] diyA hI nahIM jA sakatA hai| yahA 'rUpaskandha [pada mukhya rUpa se bauddha darzana meM rUpa, vedanA, vijJAna,

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74 ] [ sUtra kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau pUraNArthamanarthakam / 2, 1, 6 / pUraNamAtraprayojanamavyayapadamanarthakam / daNDApUpanyAyena padamanya dapyanarthakameva / saMjJA aura saMskAra ina 'paJca skandhoM' meM se prathama 'skandha' ke lie prayukta hotA hai aura usase viSaya tathA indriya kA grahaNa hotA hai ] aura nAntarIyaka [ pada mukhya rUpa se nyAyAdi darzana meM avinAbhAva yA 'vyApti' ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai ] yaha dono pada loka meM prayukta nahIM hote isalie 'zrapratIta pada' [ doSa. ] kahalAte hai / [ navIna AcAryoM ne bhI isa doSa ko 'apratItatva' nAma se pada doSa kahA hai ] // 8 // [ kevala pAda kI ] pUrti ke lie prayukta pada anarthaka hote hai / [ zloka meM ] kevala [pAda ] pUti mAtra ke lie prayukta hone vAle [ca Adi ] zravyaya pada anarthaka [ pada kahalAte ] hai / 'daNDApUpikA nyAya' se anya pada bhI anarthaka hote hai / zloka racanA karate samaya kabhI-kabhI varNoM kI gaNanA me eka do akSaro kI kamI par3atI hai aura usake lie koI adhika upayukta zabda kavi ko nahI milatA hai usa samaya kavi ca, tu, hi, khalu, ve, zrAdi zravyayo kA prayoga karake usakI pUrti kara detA hai| unase chanda ke pAda kI pUrti to ho jAtI hai, parantu usakA vahA koI artha nahIM hotA hai / isalie isa prakAra ke pado kA prayoga 'anarthaka pada' kahalAtA hai| jaba ina avyaya padoM ko bhI anarthaka, yA dopayukta pada kahA jA sakatA hai taba anya pada yadi kahIM niSprayojana prayukta kie jAya to 'daNDApUpikA' nyAya se vaha anya pada bhI anarthaka hI hoge / ' daNDApUpikA- nyAya' kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jaise kisI ne pUpa arthAt putrA yA gulagulA kapaDe meM rakha kara apane DaDe meM bAdha kara rakha die the / usake kisI dUsare sAthI ne usako rakhate dekha liyaa| jaba vaha kahI bAhara gayA to usa dUsare sAthI ne pue to lekara svaya khA lie aura DaMDA uThAkara kahIM idhara-udhara pheMka diyA / jaba pahilA puruSa lauTa kara zrAyA to usane apanA DaDhA jahA rakhA thA vahA na dekha kara apane sAthI se pUchA ki baDA kahA gayA ? to usane uttara diyA ki mAlUma nahI, jAna par3atA hai cUhe DaDA uThA le gae / pahile AdamI ko bhUkha laga rahI thI / use usa samaya DaMDe kI itanI zrAvazyakatA na thI jitanI putroM kii| isalie usane, acchA phira pue kahA gae ? isa prakAra kA I

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sUtra ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [75 yathA uditastu hAstikavinIlamayaM, timiraM nipIya kiraNaiH savitA // atra 'tu' zabdasya pAdapUraNArthameva prayoga : na vAkyAlaGkArAtham / vAkyAlaGkAraprayojanaM tu nAnarthakam / apavAdArthamidam / yathA nalviha gatAgatA nayanagocaraM me gatA // 6 // dUsarA prazna kiyA / parantu usake sAthI ne isa dUsare prazna kA uttara diyA ki jaba DaMDA hI cUhe le gae to kyA pue unhoMne chor3a die hoge| pue bhI cUhe hI le gae yaha to svaya hI siddha ho jAtA hai, kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isa prakAra jahA eka bAta ke kahane se dUsarA pariNAma to svayaM hI nikala AtA hai usako daNDApikA-nyAya' kahA jAtA hai / dArzanika kSetra meM isI ko aApatti pramANa bhI kahA jAtA hai / isakA nAma hai 'daNDApapa-nyAya' / prakRta meM, 'ca' Adi nipAta, jo kisI artha ke vAcaka nahIM hote kevala dyotaka hote haiM, vaha hI kevala pAdapUrti ke lie prayukta hone para jaba anarthaka kahalAne lagate haiM taba vAcaka pada yadi niSprayojana kahIM prayukta ho jAve to ve bhI anarthaka kahalAne lagege yaha to 'daeDApUpikA-nyAya' se svataHsiddha hai hii| isI bAta ko granthakAra ne 'daNDApupanyAyena padamanyadapi anarthakameva / ' likha kara prakaTa kiyA hai| Age anarthaka pada kA udAharaNa dete haiN| hAthiyo ke samUha ko nIlimA se nirmita [jaise] andhakAra ko [apanI ] kiraNo dvArA pAna [ nAza ] karake sUryadeva udaya hue| ___ yahAM [mUla zloka meM ] 'tu' zabda kA prayoga pAdapUraNArtha hI kiyA gayA hai, vAzyAlaGkAra ke lie nahI / [ isalie vaha anaryaka hai ] 1 vAkyAlaGkAra ke lie kiyA gayA [tu Adi kA prayoga ] to anarthaka nahIM hotaa| arthAt 'tu', 'khalu' Adi kA prayoga kahI kevala pAdapati mAtra ke lie kiyA jAtA hai aura kahI vAkyAlaGkAra ke lie bhI unakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| iname se jahA kevala pAdapUrti ke lie 'tu' Adi kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai vahA 'anarthakapada' dopa hotA hai / aura jahA vAkyAlaGkAra me unakA prayoga hotA hai vahA doSa nahIM hotA hai| yaha granthakAra kA abhiprAya hai| yaha [pUrvokta niyama ke ] apavAda ke lie kahA hai| jaise[vaha ] yahAM pAtI jAtI mujhe dikhAI nahIM dii|

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76) kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI (sUtra 10 iti / tathA, hi 'khalu hanteti / samprati padArthadopAnAha anyArthaneyagUDhArthAzlIlakliSTAni ca / 2, 1, 10 / duSTaM pamityanuvartate, arthazca, vacanavipariNAmaH / anyArthAdIni padAni duSTAnIti sUtrArthaH // 10 // yaha [ yahAM khalu pada vAkyAlaGkAra ke lie prayukta huA hai pAdapUrti ke lie nhiiN| isa lie yaha anarthaka pada nahIM hai / ] isI prakAra, hi, khala, hanta ityAdi [pada vAkyAlaGkAra ke lie prayukta hone para anarthaka nahIM hote ] hai // 6 // isa prakAra vAmana ne yahA pAca prakAra ke pada-dopoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai parantu sAhityadarpaNa me 18 prakAra ke pada dopa mAne haiN| unameM azlIla dopa kA ullekha vAmana ne padadopI me na karake kevala padArya dopoM meM kiyA hai parantu navIna prAcAryoM ne pada dopa tathA artha dopa donoM meM usakI gaNanA kI hai| padArtha dopo kA nirUpaNa isI prakAra vAmana ne anyArtha, neyArtha, gUDhArtha, azlIla aura kliSTatva rUpa pAca prakAra ke padArtha dopa mAne haiN| parantu sAhityadarpaNa ke samaya taka arthadopoM kI saMkhyA bar3hakara pAca ke sthAna para 23 taka pahuca gaI hai / sAhitya darpaNakAra ne teIsa prakAra ke arthadopa isa prakAra ginAe haiM 'apusstt-duaakrm-graamy-vyaahtaa-ashliil-ktttaa| anaMvIkRta-nirhetu-prakAzitaviruddhatA // sandigdha-punarutatve khyAti-vidyA-viruddhate / sAkAkSatA-sahacaraminnatA-'sthAnayuktatA || avizepe vizepazcA-niyame niymstthaa| tayoviparyayo vidhyanuvAdAyuktate tathA // nimukapunarutatvamarthadoSAH prakIrtitAH // < Wwwm [ granthakAra vAmana ] ava padArtha doSoM ko kahate hai 1. anyArtha, 2. neyArtha, 3. gUDhArtha, 4. azlIla, aura 5. kliSTa [ yaha pAMca prakAra ke padArtha doSa hai|] duSTa padaM isa [zabda athavA duSTaM padaM zabdoM ke artha ] kI

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sUtra 11] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [77 eSAM krameNa lakSaNAnyAha rUDhicyutamanyArtham / 2, 1, 11 / rUDhicyutaM rUr3himanapekSya yaugikArthamAtropAdAnAt / anyArtha padam sthUlatvAt sAmAnyena ghaTazabdaH paTazabdArtha ityAdikamanyAthai noktam / yathA te duHkhamuccAbacamAvahanti, ye prasmaranti priyasaGgamAnAm / atra 'AvahatiH' karotyartho dhAraNArthe prayuktaH / prasmarativismaraNArthaH prakRSTasmaraNa iti // 11 // kI anuvRtti [pUrvasUtro se] pAtI hai| aura artha [ isa zabda kI] bhI [anuvRtti pAtI hai| aura duSTa padaM meM jo eka vacana hai usakA] vacanavipariNAma [ parivartana karake bahuvacana kara lenA cAhie / taba isa sUtra kA artha isa prakAra ] hogA / anya prAdi [ ke bodhaka ] pada duSTa hote hai| yaha sUtra kA artha huA // 10 // [isa prakAra isa sUtra meM padArtha doSo kA 'uddeza' arthAt nAmamAtra se kathana karake mAge] krama se inake lakSaNa kahate hai [yogar3ha athavA rUr3ha zabda jaba ] rUr3hi se cyuta [arthAt rUr3ha artha se bhinna artha meM prayukta hotA hai to vaha ] anyArtha hotA hai| rUr3hi se cyuta arthAt rUr3hi ko parvAha kie binA yaugikArtha mAtra kA upAdAna karane se [ rUr3ha artha se bhinna artha meM prayukta huA pada ] anyArtha pada kahalAtA hai / sAdhAraNataH ghaTa zabda paTa zabda ke artha meM prayukta hone para anyArtha pada hotA hai [ yaha anyArtha kA lakSaNa kahA jA sakatA hai| parantu] yaha moTI [sthUlabuddhi grAhya ] bAta hone se nahIM khaa| [apitu 'rUDhiMcyutamanyArtham' isa prakAra anyArtha kA tanika sUkSma lakSaNa kiyA hai| Age usakA udAharaNa dete hai jaise jo priyajano ke saGgo ko vizeSa rUpa se smaraNa karate hai vaha nAnA prakAra ke duHkho ko uThAte hai| yahAM karane [kRJ ghAtu] ke artha meM prayukta hone vAlA prAi-pUrvaka vaha dhAtu kA [prAvahati ] prayoga dhAraNa ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai / aura

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80] kAvyAladdhArasUtravRttI [13-14 aprasiddhArthaprayukta gUDhArtham / 2, 1, 13 / yasya padasya loke'rthaH prasiddhazcAprasiddhazca tadaprasiddhe'rthe prayukta gUDhArtham / yathA sahasragorivAnIkaM dussahaM bhavataH praiH| iti / sahasraM gAvo'kSINi yasya sa sahasragurindaH / tasyeveti, gozabdamyAkSivAcitvaM kaviSvaprasiddhamiti // 13 // asabhyArthAntaramasabhyasmRtihetuzcAzlIlam / 1, 1, 14 / aprasiddha artha meM prayukta pada 'gUDhArtha [ doSa se yukta ] hotA hai| jisa [anekArthaka ] pada kA [ eka ] artha loka meM prasiddha aura [dUsarA artha loka meM ] aprasiddha hotA hai usakA aprasidda artha meM prayoga [ hone para vaha pada ] gUDhArtha hotA hai / jaise ___sahana netra vAle indra ke samAna prApako senA zatruoM ke lie asahya hai| yaha / [ isameM go zabda kA indriya artha mAna kara ] sahasra gaueM arthAt cakSu rUpa indriyAM jisake hai vaha 'sahasragu' indra humA / usake samAna [prApa] yaha [kavi kA vivakSita artha hai ] go zabda kA netravAcakatva kaviyo meM aprasiddha hai| gaunAMke vRpabhe candre vAg-bhU-diga-dhenupu striyAm / dvayostu razmi-dRg vANasvarga vajrA-'mbulomasu // isa koza ke anusAra 'go' zabda kA netra artha bhI ho sakatA hai parantu go zabda ko mukavigaNa prAya. netra artha meM prayukta nahIM karate haiM / isalie prakRta udAharaNa me prayoga 'gUDhArtha dopa kahalAtA hai / isI prakAra tIrthAntareSu snAnena samupArjitasatvayaH / surakhotasvinImepa hanti samprati sAdaram / / ityAdi sthalo me 'hanti' pada kA gamanArtha meM prayoga bhI 'gUDhArtha dopa kA udAharaNa hai| 'ina hiMsAgatyoH' isa dhAtu pATha ke anusAra 'han' dhAtu ke hiMsA aura gati donoM artha haiN| parantu kavigaNa 'in' kA gamanArtha meM prayoga nahIM karate hai| imalie 'murakhotasvinImeSa hanti' yahA gamanArtha meM 'inti' kA prayoga 'gUDhArtha' Topa kahA jAtA hai| navIna prAcArya isI gUDhArtha' doSa ko 'aprayuktatva' doSa kahate haiM / / 13 // [Age azlIlArya rUpa padArtha doSa kA nirUpaNa karate hai - jisakA dUsarA artha asabhya [asabhyatA sUcaka ho aura jisase asabhyArtha kI smRti hotI ho usako 'praklIla' kahate hai|

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sUtra 15-16] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [81 yasya padasyAnekArthasyaiko'rtho'sabhyaH syAt tadasamyArthAntaram / yathA varcaH iti pada tejasi viSThAyAzca / yattu padaM sabhyArthavAcakamapi ekadezadvAreNAsabhyArtha smArayani tadasabhyasmRtihetuH yathA 'kRkATikA iti // 14 // _____na guptalakSitasavRtAni / 2, 1, 15 / apavAdArthamidam / gupta lakSitaM saMvRttazca nAzlolam // 15 // eSAM lakSaNAnyAha aprasiddhAsabhya guptam / 2, 1, 16 / jisa anekArthaka pada kA eka artha asabhya ho, vaha [ isa sUtra meM ] asabhyArthAntara [pada se kahA gayA hai / jaise 'varcas' pada tena tathA viSThA [dono] artho meM [ prayukta hotA hai inameM se viSThA rUpa dUsarA artha jugupsA vyaJcaka azlIla hai / isalie yaha pada 'asabhyAntara' para hone se azlIla hai ] / aura jo pada [ kevala ] sabhyArtha kA vAcaka hone para bhI ekadeza se asabhyArtha kA smaraNa karAne vAlA ho, vaha [ bhI] asabhya artha kI smRti kA hetu hone se azlIla hai| jaise 'kRkATikA' pada / [ 'kRkATikA' pada karNa ke nIce ke bhAga kanapaTI kA vAcaka hai| karNAparabhAgavAcakamapi kRkATikA padaM ] parantu usake ekadeza 'kArTi' se murde ko lejAne vAlI 'kAThI' kA smaraNa ho pAtA hai isalie vaha 'amaGgala vyajaka azlIlatA' kA udAharaNa hai| pretayAna khaTiH kATI' ima vaijayantI koza ke anusAra 'kATI' zabda 'pretayAna' arthAt murdA le jAne vAlI 'kAThI' kA bodhaka hai| ekaveza se usakA smAraka hone se 'kRkATikA' pada bhI 'amaGgala vyaJjaka azlIla' kahalAtA hai / | // 14 // yidi asabhyArtha] gupta [aprasiddha athavA lakSita [lakSaNAbodhya] athavA [lokavyavahAra se] daba gayA [savRta ho gayA ho to vaha azlIla nahIM hotaa| ___ yaha [ sUtra ] apavAda ke lie hai / gupta [aprasiddha ], lakSita [ lakSaNAgamya ] athavA [ lokavyavahAra se ] savRta [ daba jAne vAle asabhyArtha kA bodhaka pada ] azlIla nahIM hai // 15 // ina [ gupta, lakSita tathA saMvRta] ke lakSaNa kahate hai[jisakA ] asabhya arthaaprasiddha ho vaha gupta [asabhyArya ] hotA hai|

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82] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 17-18 aprasiddhAsabhyArthAntaraM padamaprasiddhAsabhyaM tad guptam / yathA 'samvAdhaH' iti padam / taddhi saGkaTANe prasiddha, na guhyArthamiti // 16 // __ lAkSaNikAsabhya lakSitam / 2, 1, 17 / tadevAsabhyArthAntaraM lAkSaNikenAsabhyenArthenAnvitaM padaM lakSitam / yathA 'janmabhUmiH' iti / taddhi lakSaNayA guhyArtha na svazaktyeti // 17 // / lokasavIta savRtam / 2, 1, 18 / lokena saMvIta lokasaMvItam / yat tat saMvRtam / yathA 'subhagA', 'bhaginI', 'upasthAnam', 'abhipretama', 'kumArI', 'dohadam' iti / atra hi zloka: [jisakA ] dUsarA [arthAt ] asabhya artha [ ho para ] prasiddha na ho vaha aprasiddhAsabhya pada 'gupta' [kahalAtA ] hai / jaise 'sambAghaH' yaha pada / ['veze'pi gandhaH sambAgho guhyasaGkaTayordvayoH' isa koza ke anusAra 'samvAdha' pada guhyendriya upastha tathA saGkaTa dono kA vAcaka hai / parantu inameM se ] vaha [sambAgha pada ] saGkaTa artha meM prasiddha hai guhya [ upasthendriya ] artha meM [prasiddha] nhiiN| [ isalie azlIla artha ke gupta arthAt aprasiddha hone se isa pada kA prayoga azlIlatAyukta nahIM hai| ] // 16 // [asabhya arthAntara vAlA pada] asabhya artha ke lAkSaNika [ lakSaNAgamya] hone para lakSita [asabhya artha ] hotA hai [ aura vaha azlIla nahIM kahalAtA hai| vahI asabhyArthAntara vAlA pada, yadi lAkSaNika asabhyArtha se yukta ho to lakSita [ lakSitAsabhyArtha ] kahalAtA hai [aura vaha azlIla nahIM hotA hai ] / jaise 'janmabhUmi yaha [pd]| vaha lakSaNA se guhya [strI kI yoni yA upastha ] kA bodhaka hai apanI [abhidhA ] zakti se nhii| [ isalie vaha azlIla nahIM hai ] // 17 // loka [vyavahAra ] se [asabhyArtha ] davA huA [ hone para ] savRta [prasabhyA kahalAtA hai [aura vaha bhI azlIla nahI hotA hai / loka [ vyavahAra ] se [ saMvIta ] davA huA 'lopha savIta' jo pada hotA hai vaha savRta [pada ] hai [vaha azlIlatA doSa yukta nahIM hotA] / jaise 'subhagA', 'bhaginI', [-na dono pado meM 'bhaga' zabda ratrI ke gahAGga arthAt yoni kA

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dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAya. savItasya hi lokena na doSAnveSaNaM kSamam / ziva liGgasya saMsthAne kasyAsabhyatvabhAvanA // 18 // tattraividhya vrIDAjugupsA'maGgalAtaGkadAyibhedAt / 2,1,16 / tasyAzlIlasya traividhyaM bhavati, brIDAjugupsA'maGgalAtaGkadAyi - bhedAt / kicid vrIDAdAyi yathA 'vAkkATavam', 'hiraNyaretA.' iti / kicijjugupsAdAyi yathA 'kapardakaH' iti / kiJcidamaGgalAtakadAyi yathA 'saMsthitaH' iti // 16 // [ 83 sUtra 16] vAcaka hai ], 'upasthAna' [ samIpastha honA yA stuti karanA / isameM 'upastha' aMza se puruSa ke guhyAGga arthAt upasthaMndriya kA bodha hotA hai ], 'abhipretam' [ kA artha abhiprAya hotA hai parantu usake 'preta' aza se murdA kA bodha hotA hai ], 'kumArI', 'dohada' [ vohada pada icchA kA bodhaka hai parantu usase 'hada purISotsarge' dhAtu kI smRti hotI hai jo jugupsA vyaJjaka hai / parantu ina saba sthaloM meM yaha azlIlatA vyaJjaka artha loka vyavahAra se daba gae hai / bhaginI Adi zabdo kA bahina Adi sundara praryo meM atyadhika prayoga hotA hai / jisake kAraNa anya asabhya artha sAmane nahIM Ate hai / una zabdo ke prayoga meM azlIlatA nahIM hai ] isa viSaya meM [ kisI prAcIna zrAcArya kA ] zloka [ bhI ] hai [ asabhyArtha ke ] loka vyavahAra se dabe hue [ asabhyArthaM vAle bhaginI zrAdi pado ] ke doSa kA anusandhAna ucita nahIM hai / [ sAkSAt ] zivaliGga kI sthApanA meM [bhI] prasabhyArtha kI bhAvanA kima ko hotI hai [ kisI ko nahIM / kyoki loka vyavahAra meM zivaliGga sArvajanika pUjA kA pAtra vana' gayA *1] 11 25 11 usa [ azlIla artha ] ke vrIDA [ lajjA ], jugupsA, [ ghRNA ] aura [ aniSTa bhaya ko dene vAlA ] zramaGgalAtaGkAyo bheda ne tIna prakAra hote hai / usa azlIla ke tIna bheda hote hai / vrIDAdAyI [ lajjAjanaka ], jugupsAdAyI [ ghRNAkAraka ] ghora kamaGgalAtaGkadAyI [ anarthabhaya ke dene vAlA ] bheda hone se / koI [ pada ] lajjAjanaka hotA hai, jaise 'vAkkATavam aura 'hiraNyaretA.' yaha / [ 'arenam' kA jartha hotA hai vacana ko tIkSNatA / parantu isakA 'kATa' yaha eka deza liGga kI pratIti karAne vAlA hone se vrIDAdAyI. lajjAjanaka, hone se azlIla hai / isI prakAra 'hiraNyaretA.' meM retam kraza vIyaM kA bodhaka hone se broDAdAyI lI hai / ] koI [ pada ] jugupsAvAnI [ ghRNA

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 20 vyavahitArthapratyaya kliSTam / 2, 1, 20 / arthasya pratItirarthapratyayaH / sa vyavahito yasmAd bhavati tad vyavahitArthapratyayaM kliSTam / yathA- 84 ] dakSAtmajAdayitavallabhavedikAnAM jyotsnAjupAM jalalavAstaralaM patanti / dakSAtmajAstArAH / tAsAM dayito dakSAtmanAdayitazcandraH / tasya vallabhAzcandrakAntAH / tadvedikAnAmiti zratra hi vyavadhAnenArtha pratyayaH / / 20 / / janaka hone se azlIla hotA hai ] jaise 'kapardaka' yaha [ kaur3I vAcaka hone para bhI 'parda' zabda 'parda kutsite zabde' isa dhAtu pATha ke anusAra aura 'padaMstu gudaje zabde ' isa koSa ke anusAra apAna vAyu kA bodhaka hone se jugupsAvyaJjaka azlIla hai ] koI [ pada ] zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI [ aniSTa anartha kA bhaya dikhAne vAlA hone se amaGgala vyaJjaka azlIla ] hotA hai / jaise 'sasthita ' yaha pada / [ bhalI prakAra se sthita, isa artha meM prayukta hotA hai / parantu usakA dUsarA artha 'mRtaH ' bhI hotA haiM, isalie yaha zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI azlIla hai / ] // 16 // jisa pada ke artha kI pratIti vyavadhAna se ho usako 'kliSTa' kahate hai / artha kI pratIti ko prartha pratyaya kahate hai / vaha [ artha pratyaya ] jisa [ pada ] se vyavahita [ vyavadhAna se ] hotI hai [ sAkSAt nahIM ] vaha vyavahita artha pratIti vAlA [ pada ] kliSTa kahalAtA hai / jaise [ dakSAtmajA ] dakSa kI putrI [ tArA ] ke [dayita ] priya [ candramA ] kI vallabhAmro [ candrakAnta maNiyo ] kI vedikAo ke cAdanI ke sAtha saMyoga se caJcala jala kaNa gira rahe hai / - [ isa zloka meM ] dakSAtmajA [ kA artha ] tArA hai / unakA dayita [ arthAt priya huA ] dakSAtmajAdayita arthAt candramA / usakI vallabhA candrakAnta [ maNi huI ] usa [ candrakAnta maNi ] ko [ banI huI ] vedikAno ke / yahA [ dakSAtmajAda vinavallabha pada se candrakAnta maNi rUpa ] artha kI pratIti vyavadhAna 'hotI hai [ isalie ise kliSTatva doSa kA udAharaNa samajhanA cAhie ] | yaha kliSTatva dopa kA udAharaNa diyA hai / isake pUrva 'neyArtha' kA jo udAharaNa granthakAra ne diyA thA vaha bhI kucha isI prakAra kA udAharaNa thA / isalie 'neyArthatva' aura 'kliSTatva' kA bheda dikhalAne kI AvazyakatA hai / vAmana ne

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sUtra 21-22 ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAya. [ 85 arUDhArthatvAt / 2, 1, 21 / rUDhArthatve'pi yato'rthapratyayo jhaTiti, na tat kliSTam / yathAkAcIguNasthAnamaninditAyAH / iti // 21 // antyAbhyA vAkya vyAkhyAtam / 21, 22 / azlIlaM kliSTacetyantye pade / tAbhyAM vAkyaM vyAkhyAtam | tadapyazlIla kliSTazca bhavati / azlIlaM yathA jisako 'kalpitArthaM neyArtham' kahA hai usI ko navIna AcAryoM ne 'rUr3hiprayojanAbhAvAdazaktikRtalakSyArthaprakAzanaM neyArtham' kahA hai / arthAt jahA rUr3hi athavA prayojana rUpa lakSaNA ke prayojaka hetutroM ke abhAva me lakSyArtha kA prakAzana ho use 'neyArtha' kahate haiM / aura vyavahitArtha pratIti ko 'kliSTatva' kahate haiM / arthAt 'kliSTatva' me lakSaNA kI AvazyakatA nahI hotI hai kevala artha kI pratIti meM vilamba hotA hai| jaise 'dakSAtmajAdayita' kA artha tArApati candra, athavA 'dakSAtmajAdayitavallabhA' kA candrakAntA artha lakSaNA se nahI, abhidhA se hI ho sakatA hai / usakI pratIti jhaTiti nahI tanika vilamba se hotI hai / isalie yahA 'kliSTatva' doSa mAnA hai | parantu 'vihaGgamanAmabhRt' kA 'ratha' yaha artha abhidhA se nahI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra 'ulUkajitA' me bhI meghanAda artha abhidhA se sambhava na hone se lakSaNA kA hI zrAzraya lenA hogA / isalie use 'neyArtha' kA udAharaNa kahA hai| [ kliSTa doSa ke sthala meM vyavahita artha kI pratIti ] arUr3ha artha hone se [ bilamba se hotI hai ] | [ arUDha arthAt aprasiddha artha hone ke kAraNa jahA~ artha kI pratIti meM vilamba hotA hai vahA~ kliSTatva doSa hotA hai / parantu ] arUr3ha [ aprasiddha ] prartha hone para bhI jisa [ zabda ] se zrartha kI pratIti jhaTa se ho jAtI hai vaha 'klitva' nahIM kahalAtA hai / jaise kamara ] yaha / [ yahA~ parantu usase artha kI sundarI ke karaghanI pahinane kA sthAna [ artha 'kAJcIguNasthAna' pada kaTi deza ke artha meM rUDha nahIM hai, pratIti turanta binA vilamba ke ho jAtI hai isa lie yahA~ kliSTatva doSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / ] // 21 // antima dono [ zrarthAt azlIlatva tathA kliSTatva rUpa pada-doSo ] se

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86] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 22 na sA dhanonnatiryA syAn klaartidaayinii| parArthabaddhakakSyANAM yan satyaM pelavaM dhanam // 1 // sopAnapathamutsRjya vAyuvegaH samudyataH / mahApathena gatvAn kIrtyamAnaguNo janaiH // 2 // vAkya [ vAkyagata azlIlatva tayA klipTatva ] ko vyAkhyA ho gaI / [arthAt isa adhyAya meM yadyapi cAdaya-doSo kA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai parantu kliSTatva aura prazlIlatva yaha donoM doSa padArthadoSa ke atirikta vAkyadoSa bhI hote hai| unake vAkyagata udAharaNa prAge vRtti grantha meM dete hai| ] azlIla aura kliSTatva yaha antima do pada hai / unake dvArA vAkya [arthAt vAkyagata alIlatva tathA klipTatva ] kI vyAkhyA huI [ samajhanA caahie| ] vaha [ vAkya ] bhI azlIla tathA kliSTatva ho sakatA hai| [vAkyagata ] azlIla [ kA udAharaNa ] jaise usa ko dhana kI unnati nahIM kahate hai jo [kisI dUsare ke yA paropakAra ke kAma meM na Ave ] kevala apanI strI [apane bIvI-baccoM ] ke hI sukha ke lie ho / dUsaro ke upakAra] ke lie kamara kase hue logo kA dhana hI vastutaH sundara [aura yathArtha] dhana hai| ___ yaha isa zloka kA abhipreta artha hai / parantu usase dRmarA brIDAdAyi azlIla artha bhI nikalatA hai / 'sAdhana' kA artha liGga hotA hai / kalatra arthAt strI kI gatidAyinI, sAdhana arthAn liGga kI unnati, jo kevala apanI strI ke lie zrAnandadAyaka liDna kI unnati hai vaha vAstavika 'sAdhanonnati nahIM hai apitu pagartha ke lie kamara kasa hue arthAt anya striyoM ke sAtha bhI mannoga ke lie samarthaM puruSoM kI 'sAdhanonnati' hI yathArtha 'sAdhanonnati' hai / yaha artha brIDAdAyi azlIla hotA hai / aura vaha eka pada meM nahIM parantu samasta vAkya se nikalatA hai| ata. vAkyagata dopa hai| jagapsA vyajaka vAkyagata aglIlatA kA dUmarA udAharaNa dete hai| logoM ke dvArA jisake vega bhayaGkaratA prAdi] guNo kA kIrtana kiyA jA rahA hai aisA vAyu kA pracaNDa vega [AMgho] sIDhiyo ke [saGkIrNa ] mArga ko chor3akara mahApaya [arthAt rAjamArga] se nikala gyaa| [ imameM vaha tIva, vAyu kA vega apAnavAyu ke mArga ko chor3a kara mahApaya arthAt mukhamArga se bar3I jora se ukAra rUpa se nikala gayA aimA dUsarA artha bhI pratIta hotA hai / ata. yaha vAkyagata jagupsA

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sUtra 22 ] kliSTaM yathA dvitIyAtrikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH dhammilasya na kasya prekSya nikAmaM kuraGgazAvAcyAH / rajyatyapUrvabandhanyutpattermAnasaM zobhAm // 22 // etAn paDhapadArthadoSAn jJAtvA kavistyajediti tAtparyArthaH // 22 // iti zrI paNDitavaravAmanaviracita kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau 'doSadarzane' dvitIye'dhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH / padapadArthadoSavibhAgaH / [ 87 vyaJjaka azlIlatA kA udAharaNa hotA hai ] / isI dUsare udAharaNa me 'mahApathena gatavAn ' kA dUsarA artha 'paralokamArgeNa gatavAn' arthAt mara gayA, yaha bhI ho sakatA hai / usa dazA me yaha vAkyagata zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI azlIlatA kA udAharaNa ho jAyagA / isa prakAra ina donoM zloko me azlIlatA doSa ke vrIDAdAyI, jugupsAdAyI aura zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI tIno prakAra ke bheda ke vAkyagata udAharaNa dikhA die haiN| aba Age eka zloka vAkyagata 'kliSTatva' dopa kA dikhalAte haiM / kliSTatva [ kA udAharaNa ] jaise mRga zAvaka ke netro ke samAna netra vAlI [usa sundarI ] ke kezapAza [ dhammila jUDA, kezapAza ] ke bAghane kI apUrva caturatA kI zobhA ko dekhakara kisa kA mana atyanta prasanna nahIM hotA / isa zloka kA artha dUrAnvaya ke kAraNa samajhanA kaThina ho jAtA hai / 'kuraGgazAvAcyA. dhammilasya pUrvabandhavyutpatteH zobhA nirIkSya kasya mAnasa nikAma na rajyati' isa prakAra isakA anvaya hotA hai / parantu ina saba pardoM ke atyanta vyavahita hone se vAkya ke artha kI pratIti baDhI kaThinatA se hotI hai / zrI paNDitavaravAmanaviracita 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti' me dvitIya 'doSadarzana' zradhikaraNa me prathama adhyAya samApta huA / par3ha aura padArtha ke dopo kA vibhAga samApta huA | -00-00 iti zrImadAcArya vizvezvara siddhAntaziromaNiviracitAyA kAvyAlaGkArada pikAyA hindIvyAkhyAyA dvitIye 'doSadarzanAdhikaraNe' prathamo'dhyAya samAptaH /

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doSadarzananAmni dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya [ vAkya vAkyArtha- doSa vibhAgaH ] padapadArthadoSAn pratipAdya vAkyadoSAn darzayitumAhabhinnavRttayatibhraSTavisandhIni vAkyAni / 2, 2, 1 / duSTAnItyabhisambandhaH // 1 // krameNa vyAcaSTe svalakSaNacyutavRtta bhinnavRttam / 2,2, 2, svasmAllakSaNAccyuta vRttaM yasmistat svalakSaNacyutaM vRttaM vAkyaM bhinnavRttam / yathA-- ayi pazyasi saudhamAzritAmavirala sumanomAlabhAriNIm / 'doSadarzana' nAmaka dvitIya zradhikaraNa kA dvitIya zradhyAya [ vAkya tathA vAkyArtha doSoM kA vibhAga ] [ dvitIya adhikaraNa ke pichale prathama adhyAya meM ] pada-doSo tathA padArthadoSo kA pratipAdana karake [ aba isa dvitIya adhyAya meM ] vAkya-doSo ko dikhAne ke lie kahate haiM bhinnavRtta, yatibhraSTa aura visandhi [ tIna prakAra ke ] vAkya [ doSa ] hai / [ pichale adhyAya ke caturtha sUtra se 'duSTa' pada ke eka vacana kA 'duSTAni ' bahuvacana meM vacana - vipariNAma karake bhinnavRtta, yatibhraSTa aura visandhi tIna prakAra ke vAkya ] duSTa hote hai yaha sambandha [ pichale prakaraNa se ] hai // 1 // , [ ina tIno prakAra ke vAkya doSo kI ] krama se vyAkhyA karate hai / apane lakSaNa se hIna vRtta [ chanda ] ko bhinnavRtta [ doSa grasta ] kahate hai / jisa [ zloka vAkya ] meM vRtta [ chanda ] apane lakSaNa se cyuta ho vaha svalakSaNacyuta vRtta vAlA [ iloka ] vAkya bhinnavRtta hotA hai| jaise are [ mitra ] saghana [ zravirala ] puSpo kI mAlA ke bhAra ko dhAraNa

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sUtra 3-4 ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [89 vaitAlIyayugmapAde ladhvakSarANAM SaNNAM nairantarya niSiddham , tacca kRtamiti bhinnavRttam // 2 // virasavirAma yatibhraSTam / 2, 2, 3 / virasaH zrutikaTurvirAmo yasmiMstad virasavirAmaM yatibhraSTam // 3 // taddhAtunAmabhAgabhede svarasandhyakRte prAyeNa / 2, 2, 4 / tad yatibhraSTaM dhAtubhAgabhede nAmabhAgabhede ca sati bhavati / svarasandhinA'kRte prAyeNa / karane vAlI, mahala [ sodha-prAsAda] ke Upara khaDI huI [ nAyikA ] ko dekha rahe ho| yaha zloka 'vaitAlIya' vRtta me likhA gayA hai / 'vaitAlIya' vRta kA lakSaNa 'vRtaratnAkara' granya meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai SaDviSame'STau same kalAmtAzca same syurno nirntraaH| na samAtra parAzritAH kalA vaitAlIye'nte ralo guruH // vaitAlIya [ vRtta] ke sama[ arthAt dvitIya tathA caturtha ] caraNo meM nirantara cha laghu akSaro [ ekasI chaH mAtrAno ] kA niSedha kiyA huA hai| [ parantu ukta udAharaNa meM 'aviralasuma yaha chaho laghu mAtrAeM nirantara prayukta karake, jo niSiddha hai vaha hI kiyA gayA hai isalie [ yahAM 'vatAlIya' vRtta apane lakSaNa se cyuta ho jAne se ] 'bhinnavRtta' [boSa se yukta ] hai| [ ataeva isa ko bhinnavRtta ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai ] // 2 // 'bhinnavRtta ke bAda 'gatibhraSTa' nAmaka dUsare vAkyadoSa kA nirUpaNa karate haiM virasa [arucikara sthala meM] virAma vAlA [zloka vAkya ] yatibhraSTa [ kahalAtA hai| virasa arthAt zrutikaTa [ sunane meM burA lagane vAlA] virAma jisa [zloka vAkya ] meM ho vaha virasa virAma [ yaha bahuvrIhi samAsa hai ] vAlA , [ zloka vAkya ] yatibhrapTa [ doSa se yukta kahalAtA hai // 3 // vaha [ yatibhraSTa doSa ] prAyaH svarasandhi ke [ niyama ke ] vinA [ svara ' sandhi ke niyama ke viparIta ] kie hue dhAtu athavA [ nAma ] prAtipAdika bhAga meM dukaDe kara dene para hotA hai| vaha yatibhraSTa [ doSa ] prAyaH svarasandhi ke binA, [svara sandhi ke

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10] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra dhAtubhAgabheda mandAkrAntAyAM yathA etAsAM rAnati sumanasAM, dAma kaNThAvalamvi / nAmabhAgabhar3he zikhariNyAma yathA kuraGgAkSINAM gaNDatalaphalaka svedavisaraH / niyama ke binA dhAtu-bhAga athavA prAtipadika-bhAga [ nAma ] kA bheda [dukar3e] kara dene para hotA hai| dhAtu-bhAga ke vibhAga kara dene para [ yatibhraSTa kA udAharaNa ] mandAzAntA [chanda ] meM jaise inake gale meM par3I huI phUloM kI mAlA zobhita hotI hai / yaha mUla zloka 'mandAkrAntA' chanda me likhA gayA hai / mandAkrAntA chanda kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai mandAkrAntA, jaladhipaDage, mbhI natI tAda gurU can / arthAt mandAkrAntA chanda meM pratyeka pAda 17 akSara kA hotA hai / vaha 17 akSara bhagaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, tagaNa-tagaNa aura do guma isa prakAra pUre hote haiN| iname cAra, cha: aura sAta annaroM ke bAda 'yati' honI cAhie / arthAt pahalI yati cauthe akSara ke bAda, umakaM chaH akSarI ke bAda arthAt Tasarve anara ke anta meM dUsarI aura usake sAta akSara vAda arthAna satrahave anara ke bAda antima pani honI cAhie / ima lakSaNa ke anusAra pahilI 'yati cAra akSara ke bAda arthAn etAsA ga, yahA para honI cAhie / yaha 'rA' 'rAjati' paDha ke mUlabhUta 'rAja' dhAtu kA eka aMza hai / isake bAda 'yati' kara dene meM rAja dhAnu ke TukaDe ho jAte haiN| imalie dhAnubhAga ke maMda hone se yahA 'yatibhraSTa doSa mAnA gayA hai| [nAma ] prAtipadika bhAga ke bheda [ bhaGga] hone para zikhariNI [chanda ] meM [ yatibhraSTa kA udAharaNa ] jaise mRganayaniyoM ke [ kapolaphalaka ] gAla ke Upara pasInA baha rahA hai / yaha zikhariNI chanda kA eka pATa hai| zikhariNI chanda kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai ramaH n;zcchinnA, yamanamabhalA gaH zikhariNI / arthAt yagaNa, magaraNa, nagaNa, sagaNa, bhagaNa, laghu tathA guru isa prakAra

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* sUtra 4 ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH mandAkrAntAyAM yathA-- durdarza zcakra zikhikapizaH, zArGgiNo vAhudaNDaH / dhAtu-nAma-bhAgapadagrahaNAt tadbhAgAtiriktabhede na bhavati yati bhraSTatvam / jaise [ 61 yathA mandAkrAntAyAm - zobhAM puSyatyayamabhinavaH, sundarINAM prabodhaH / se 17 akSaroM ke pAda vAlA chanda 'zikhariNI' hotA hai / isame rasa arthAt chaH aura rudra gyAraha akSaroM ke bAda 'yati' hotI hai| pahalI 'yati' chaThe varNa ke bAda aura dUsarI 'yati' 17 varNaM ke bAda arthAt pAdAnta me hotI hai| isa lakSaNa ke anusAra kuraGgAkSINA ga', yahA para chaH akSaro ke bAda pahilA 'yati' paDatI hai / parantu yaha 'ga' gaNDa athavA 'gaNDatala phalake' isa samasta prAtipadika kA eka deza haiM / isake bAda 'yati' karane se prAtipAdika do TukaDoM meM baTa jAtA hai| ataeva nAmabhAgabheda ke kAraNa yahA yatibhraSTatva doSa zrAtA hai / 'mandAkrAntA' [ chanda ] meM [ nAmabhAgabheda se yatibhraSTa kA udAharaNa ] cakra [ sudarzanacakra ] kI agni se [ athavA ke samAna ] dIpyamAna [ zrathavA pItAmbara pariveSTita ataeva pIta ] viSNu kA bhujadaNDa hai / mandAkrAntA ke pUrvokta lakSaNa ke anusAra prathama cAra graharoM ke bAda arthAt 'durdarzazca', yahA para yati honI caahie| parantu yaha 'ca' 'cakra' paDha kA eka deza hai| usake bAda yati kara dene se 'cakra' isa prAtipadika grathavA nAmabhAga meM bheda ho jAtA hai| isalie yaha 'yatibhraSTa' dopa grasta hai / sUtra meM dhAtu [ bhAga ] aura nAma bhAga pado kA grahaNa karane se [ yaha artha nikalatA hai ki ] una bhAgo se bhinna [ prakRti pratyaya prAdi ] meM bheda [ yA khaNDa ] ho jAne para 'yatibhraSTatva' doSa nahIM hotA hai / jaise 'mandAkrAntA' meM [ prakRti-pratyaya ke bIca meM yati hone para bhI 'yatibhraSTatva' doSa ke na hone kA nimna udAharaNa ] - yaha [ ratizramAsa ] sundariyo kA navIna [ prAtaHkAlIna ] jAgaraNa [ unakI ] zobhA ko bar3hA rahA hai / isa mUla mandAkrAntA ke caraNa meM caturthAkSara 'zobhA puSya' ke bAda yati paDatI hai| yaha 'pupya' kA antima akSara 'puSyati' isa pada kA za hai / parantu

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62 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto [ sUtra 4 zikhariNyAM yathA vinidraH zyAmAnteSvadharapuTasItkAravirutaiH / svarasandhyakRta iti vacanAt svarasandhikRte bhede na dopaH / yathAkiJcidbhAvAlasama saralaM prekSitaM sundarINAm // 4 // isa yati se dhAtu bhAga ke khaNDa nahI hote haiM apitu prakRti aura tip pratyaya ke bIca meM yati par3atI hai isalie vaha dopAdhAyaka nahIM hai / [ isI prakAra prAtipadika aura pratyaya ke bIca huI yati kA ] zikhariNI [ vRtta ] meM [ nimna udAharaNa hai ] jaise - rAtri [ zyAmA rAtri ] ke anta meM [ prAtaHkAla ] zradharapura ke sItkAra ke zabda se jagA huthA / 'zikhariNI' chanda ke isa caraNa meM, chaThe akSara ke bAda ' vinidraH zyAmAnte' yahA para 'yati' par3atI hai / parantu 'zyAmAnte' yahA pada pUrNa nahIM hotA hai / 'zyAmAntepu' yahA para pada pUrNa hotA hai / isalie yaha 'yati' pada ke bIca meM par3atI hai parantu umase prAtipadika ke kharADa nahI hote apitu prAtipadika aura sup pratyaya ke bIca me 'yati' par3atI hai / isa prakAra kI 'yati' vairasyatApAdaka nahIM hotI hai / isalie yahA 'yatitva' doSa nahI hotA hai / [ sUtra meM ] 'svarasandhyakRte' svara sandhi ke binA [ mUla rUpa se ] kiye hue kahane se svara- sandhi se kie hue [ zrarthAt svara- sandhi se bane hue dhAtubhAgaprAtipadika athavA nAmabhAga ke ] bheda hone para doSa nahIM hotA hai [ yaha abhiprAya nikalatA hai | isa prakAra kA udAharaNa dete hai ] jaise - kucha bhAva bharI [ zrataH ] alasAI sI sundariyo kI tirachI citavana / yaha bhI 'mandAkrAntA' chanda kA eka caraNa hai / niyamAnusAra isameM caturtha akSara ke bAda arthAt 'kiJcidbhAvA' ke bAda 'yati' par3atI hai / kintu yahA pUrA pada 'kiJcidbhAvAlasa' hai / usake bIca meM 'yati' par3ha rahI hai / parantu vahA bhAva aura lasa do paToM ke bIca 'kaH savarNe dIrghaH' isa sUtra se dIrgha hokara 'kiJcidbhAvAlama' banatA hai | isa sandhikRta pada me se 'yati' ke avasara para 'kiJcidabhAvA' aza eka thora, aura 'lasa' dUsarI zrora nikala jAtA hai / parantu phira bhI isa prakAra kI yati vairasyAdhAyaka nahIM hotI hai / isalie svarasandhikRta arthAt svara sandhi se bane hue nAma arthAt prAtipadika athavA dhAtu ke khaNDa hone para bhI aise sthalo me 'yatibhraSTatva' Topa nahIM hotA hai / yaha sUtrakAra kA abhiprAya hai || 4 ||

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sUtra 5-6] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya. [63 na vRttadoSAt pRthagyatidoSo vRttasya yatyAtmakatvAt / 2,2,5 / __ vRttadoSAt pRthag yatidoSo na vaktavyaH / vRttasya yatyAtmakatvAn // 5 // yatyAtmakaM hi vRttamiti bhinnavRtta eva yatibhraSTasyAntarbhAvAnna pRthag grahaNaM kAryam / ata Aha na, lakSmaNa pRthaktvAt / 2, 2, 6 / nAyaM dopaH, lakSmaNo lakSaNasya pRthaktvAt / anyaddhi lakSaNaM vRttasyAnyad yateH / gurulaghuniyamAtmaka vRttaM, virAmAtmikA ca yatiriti // 6 // yahA taka vAkyadoSoM me 'bhinnavRtta' aura 'yatibhraSTa' do doSa dikhAe haiN| yahA yaha zaGkA upasthita hotI hai ki yaha dono prakAra ke doSa vRtta arthAt chanda meM hI pAe jAne vAle doSa haiM / donoM hI vRta arthAt chanda ke vairasyApAdaka hote haiN| isalie 'bhinavRtta' se 'yatibhraSTa doSa ko pRthak mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| isa prazna ko uThAkara usakA samAdhAna karane ke lie granthakAra agale prakaraNa kA prArambha karate haiN| vRtta ke [ bhI ] yativiziSTa [ yatyAtmaka ] hone se vRttadoSa se pRthag yatidoSa [ 'yatibhraSTa' doSa kA mAnanA ucita ] nahIM hai| vRtta doSa se pRthak yati doSa kahanA ucita nahIM hai| vRtta ke yativiziSTa [yA yati svarUpa hone se // 5 // vRtta yatyAtmaka [ yativiziSTa ho ] hotA hai isalie bhinna vRtta meM hI yatibhraSTa [doSa ] kA [ bhI ] antarbhAva ho jAne se [ yatibhraSTa doSa kA ] pRthag grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhie / [yaha zaDDA ho sakatI hai ] isalie [ usake samAdhAnArtha ] kahate hai [bhinnavRtta' aura 'yatibhraSTa' dono ke ] lakSaNo ke bhinna hone se yaha [dono doSo ko abhinna kahanA ] ThIka nahIM hai| yaha [ApakA dikhAyA huA ] doSa [geka ] nahIM hai| [bhinnavRttatva tathA yatibhraSTatva dono ke ] lakSma arthAt lakSaNa ke pRthak hone se| vRtta kA lakSaNa aura hai aura yati kA lakSaNa anya hai| [vAkya meM ] guru laghu [rUpa se varNa vinyAsa ] kA niyAmaka vRtta hotA hai aura virAma rUpa [virAma ko niyAmikA ] yati hotI hai|

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e4] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 7-8 virUpapadasandhivisandhi / 2,2, 7 / padAnAM sandhiH padasandhiH sa ca svarasamavAyarUpaH pratyAsattimAtrarUpo vA / sa virUpo yasminniti vigraha. // 7 // padasandhivairUpya vizleSo'zlIlatva kaSTatvaJca / 2, 2, 8 / vizleSo vibhAgena padAnA saMsthitiriti / azlIlatvamasabhyasmRtihetutvam / kaSTatvaM pAruSyamiti / vizleSo yathA isa prakAra dono ke lakSaNa bhinna hone se dono ko abhinna mAnanA ucita nahI hai / isI kAraNa sthAna me virAma rUpa yatibhraSTatva rahane para bhI guru-laghu niyama ke yathAvat vidyamAna rahane para bhinnavRttatva doSa nahIM hotA / isI prakAra guru-laghu niyama kA bhata ho jAne se bhinnavRttatva doSa ke hone para bhI virAma me vairasya na hone se yatibhraSTatva doSa nahI hotA / zrataH zranvayavyatireka ke bheda se bhI bhinnavRttatva ra yatibhraSTatva doSa eka nahI ho sakate haiM / unako alaga-alaga mAnanA hI ucita hai // 6 // jahAM pado kI virUpa [ anucita ] sandhi ho usako 'visandhi' doSa kahate hai / pado ko sandhi [ yaha ] padasandhi [ samAsa kA vigraha ] hai / aura vaha [ sandhi ] svaro kA mizraNa [ samavAya ] rUpa athavA [ svaro kI ] pratyAsatti [ samIpasthiti mAtra do prakAra kA ] hotA hai / vaha [ svarasamavAya rUpa athavA svara pratyAsatti rUpa sandhi ] jahA [ jisa zabda yA vAkya meM ] virUpa [ anucita, vairasyApAdaka ] ho [ vaha visandhi kahalAtA hai ] yaha vigraha huA // 7 // [ pUrva sUtra meM kahA huA ] pada- sandhi kA vairUpya 9. vizleSa rUpa 2. azlIlatvarUpa, aura 3 kaSTatva rUpa [ tIna prakAra kA ] hotA hai / [ sandhi hone yogya sthalo para sandhi na karake ] alaga-alaga [ vibhAna] pado kI sthiti [ rakhanA ] vizleSa [ yA sandhi vizleSa doSa kahalAtA ] hai / [ pado kI sandhi kara dene se jahA ] asabhyArtha kI smRti kA hetutva [ usa sandhi meM ho jAya vahA sandhi kA ] azlIlatva [ doSa hotA ] hai / aura kaSTatva [ kA artha sandhi se utpanna pAruSya ] kaThoratA / [ unameM se ] vizleSa [ kA udAharaNa ] jaime--

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sUtra 8] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [65 1-meghA'nilena amunA etasminnadrikAnane / 2-kamale iva locane ime anubadhnAti vilaaspddhtiH| 3-lolAlakAnuviddhAni AnanAni cakAsati / isa pahAr3I vana [prAnta ] meM isa megha kI [ vRSTi sahita tIna ] vAyu ne / isa udAharaNa me anilena+amunA me dIrgha tathA amunA+etasmin me vRddhi nahIM kI gaI hai isalie sandhi vizleSa rUpa 'visandhi' doSa hai / kamaloM ke samAna saundarya ina netro ko suzobhita karatA hai| dUsare udAharaNa me 1, kamale iva, 2. locane ime, 3. ime anubadhnAti ina tInoM sthAnoM para prApta hone vAlI sandhi 1 deda dvivacana pragRhyam' isa pANini sUtra se pragRhya sajA ho jAne se aura "pluptapragRhyA aci nityam / ' isa mUtra se prakRtivadbhAva ho jAne se nahI ho pAtI hai / isa prakAra yaha sandhivizleSa zAstrAdeza ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI aneka bAra ikahA hI isa prakAra kA vizleSa pAyA jAtA hai / isalie vaha zrotA ko vairasyApAdaka pratIta hotA hai / aura kavi kI akSamatA kA sUcaka hone se doSa hI / hotA hai| yaha sandhi vizleSa kA 'pragRhya sajA' nimittaka eka prakAra kA bheda hai| isa sandhivizleSa kA dUsarA bheda 'sandhyavivakSA' nibandhana hotA hai arthAt jahA kavi, sandhi kI vivakSA nahIM hai aisA mAna kara sandhi nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra kA dUsarA udAharaNa dete haiM caJcala kezapAza se ghire hue mukha zobhAyamAna ho rahe hai| yahA 'lolAlakAnuviddhAni' ke bAda 'mAnanAni' pada hone ke kAraNa "iko yaNaci' sUtra se yaNAdeza prApta hai / usake anusAra 'anuviddhAnyAnanAni' aisA prayoga honA cAhie / parantu yadi aisA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai to yaha chanda Thoka nahI banatA hai / isalie kavi ne yahA jAna-bUjha kara sandhi nahIM kI hai| yadyapi sarvatra sandhi karanA nitAnta Avazyaka nahIM hai apitu sandhi ke vivakSA ke AdhIna hone se, kavi, vivakSita na hone para sandhi na karane ke lie svatatra hai / parantu aise paTo kA prayoga kavi kI azakti kA sUcaka avazya hotA hai / jahA~ sandhi honI cAhie vahA sandhi na karane ke lie bAdhita hokara 1 apTAdhyAyI 1, 1, 11 / 3 apTAdhyAyI6, 1.77 // 2 apTAdhyAyI 6, 1, 125 /

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66] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto [sUtra 8 azlIlatvaM yathA - 1. virecakamidaM nRttamAcAryAbhAsayojitam / sandhivizlepa kA Azraya lenA eka prakAra kA zrApaddharma hI ho sakatA hai| usakA avalambana tabhI karanA ucita hai jaba koI anya mArga na ho / isalie jaba kavi isa prakAra kA prayoga karatA hai to yaha nizcita hai ki usake pAsa dUsarA aura koI mArga nahIM raha gayA hai| yahI usakI azakti kA paricAyaka hai| isalie vivakSAdhIna sandhivizleSa yadi eka bhI bAra prayoga kiyA jAya to bhI vaha doSAdhAyaka hotA hai| aura pragRhyasaMjJA-nimittaka sandhi vizleSa eka bAra karane se doSa nahIM hotA parantu ikaTThA aneka bAra karane para vaha bhI doSa ho jAtA hai| isI lie Age isI grantha ke 'kAvyasamayAdhyAya' meM 'nira sahitakapadavat pAdeSvardhAntavarjam' yaha sUtra kahege / isake anusAra kAvya meM eka caraNa ke antargata padoM me sandhi nitya karanA cAhie / vyAkaraNa ke anusAra sandhi ko vivakSAdhIna bhale hI mAnA jAya parantu kaviyo kI paramparA yA 'samaya' yaha hI hai ki jaise eka pada ke antargata sandhi anivArya hai isI prakAra zloka ke eka caraNa ke antargata bhI nitya sandhi hotI hai isalie yadi vivakSAdhIna mAnakara eka bAra bhI sandhivizleSa hotA hai to vaha kAvya doSa hI mAnA jaaygaa| sandhivizleSa doSa kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda sandhi azlIlatA dopa kA / nirUpaNa karate haiM / jaisAki pahile kahA jA cukA hai 1 jugupsA vyaJjaka, 2.bIr3A vyaJjaka aura 3. amaGgalAtakadAyei tIna prakAra kI azlIlatA hotI hai / una tInoM ko dikhAne ke lie tIna udAharaNa dete hai| 1 [ sandhivizleSa meM jugupsAdAyi ] azlIlatva kA udAharaNa] jaise ayogya prAcArya [prAcAryAbhAsa ] dvArA yojita [ hone se ] yaha 'nRtta' recaka [ nAmaka 'nRtta' ke bheva ] se rahita [ ataH virecaka ] hai / isa udAharaNa me 'virecaka' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jisakA artha / 'recaka' rahita hotA hai / recaka' zabda nATyazAstra kA pAribhASika zabda hai / nRtyakAla meM hAtha, paira, kamara, gardana, Adi kI vizeSa prakAra kI jo ceSTAeM hotI hai unako 'recaka' kahate hai| saGgItaratnAkara me kahA hai 'recakAnaya vakSyAmazcaturo bharatoditAn / padayoH karayoH kaTyA grIvAyAzca bhavanti te // 1 kAvyAlaGkAra sUtravRttiH 5, 1, 2 /

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sUtra 8 ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya 2. cakAse panasaprAyaiH purI ghaNDamahAdrumaiH / 3. vinA zapathadAnAbhyAM padavAdasamutsukam / [ 67 nATyazAstra ke niyamo ke anusAra 'nRtta tAlalayAzrayam ' pratyeka sundara 'nRtta' meM ina 'recako' kA honA Avazyaka hai / nATyazAstra kA jAnane vAlA koI zrAcArya 'recako' se hIna 'virecaka' 'nRtta' nahI karavA sakatA hai| kintu yaha 'nRtta' 'virecaka' arthAt ukta 'recako' se hIna hai isalie jAna par3atA hai ki kisI 'zrAcAryAbhAsa' arthAt ayogya kintu zrAcAryammanya vyakti ne isakI yojanA kI hai | 'virecakabhida nRttamAcAryAbhAsayojitam' isa pada kA yahI abhiprAya hai / parantu isameM 'virecaka' pada dastAvara kA aura 'yAma' pada maithuna kA smAraka bhI hai, isalie yaha donoM kramazaH 'jugupsAdAyI' tathA 'vIDAdAyI' azlIlatA ke udAharaNa ho jAte haiM / 'virecaka' pada me azlIlatA kI sthiti sandhidoSa ke kAraNa nahIM hai / ' zrAcAryAbhAsa' meM 'yAma' aza jo maithuna kA smAraka hone se 'vrIDAdAyI' hotA hai usameM azlIlatA kA prayojaka sandhi hI hai / isa lie yaha 'vrIDAdAyI' azlIlatA rUpa sandhi-doSa kA udAharaNa hai / 'jugupsAdAyI ' sandhidoSa kA udAharaNa dUsarA dete haiM 1 jinameM kaTahala bahutAyata se hai aise bar3e-bar3e vRkSo ke jhuNDo se [ ghirI huI yaha ] nagarI zobhita ho rahI thI / isa udAharaNa 'purI paNDamahAdra umaiH ' yaha zraza 'jugupsA' vyaJjaka azlIlatA doSa se yukta hai / yahA yadyapi svarasamudAya rUpa koI sandhi nahIM huI hai / parantu purI + SaNDa ke samIpastha hone se 'pratyAsatti' rUpa sandhi mAtra se 'purISa' zabda bana gayA hai jo 'viSThA' kA smAraka hone se yaha 'jugupsA vyaJjaka' azlIlatA kA udAharaNa hai| tIsarA nimna udAharaNa azlIlatA ke tIsare bheda 'zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI' azlIla kA diyA gayA hai - vinA kisI [ lokopakAra zrAdi kArya ke ] pratijJA [ zapatha ] yA [ kisI prakAra ke ] dAna [ Adi kArya ] ke [ kie hue bhI ] padavAda [ pada prApti kI yogyatA sUcana ] ke lie utsuka ko / isameM 'vinA' aura 'zapatha' zabdoM kI pratyAsatti rUpa sandhi se 'vinAzapatha' zabda bana gayA hai aura usase 'vinAzapatha' arthAt mRtyu mArga kI smRti hotI hai, taH vaha 'zramaGgalAtaGkadAyI' azlIlatA kA udAharaNa he aura usakA kAraNa vinA + zapatha zabdoM kI pratyAsatti rUpa sandhi hai / yahA mukhyataH sandhidopa

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68 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto kaSTatvaM yathA- mayudgamagarbhAste gurvAbhogA drumA babhuH // 8 // evaM vAkyadopAnabhidhAya vAkyArthadopAn pratipAdayitumAhavyarthaikArthasandigdhAprayuktApakramalokavidyA viruddhAni ca / 2, 2, 6 | vAkyAni duSTAnIti sambandhaH // 6 // [ sUtra 6-10 krameNa vyAkhyAtumAha vyAhatapUrvottarArthaM vyartham | 2, 2, 10 | ke prasaGga me azlIlatA kA nirUpaNa huA hai isalie aise udAharaNa adhika upayukta rahate jiname vAstava meM sandhi hone para azlIlatA bAI hotI / yaha jo udAharaNa die gae haiM uname pratyAsatti mAtra ke kAraNa azlIlatA hai / isalie vaha utane upayukta nahI bane haiM / - [ sandhi hone para ] kaSTatva [ duHzravatva kA udAharaNa ] jaisemaJjarI ke udgama se yukta ve bar3e-bar3e vRkSa zobhita hue / isa udAharaNa meM maJjarI + udgama tathA guru + grAbhoga padoM meM yaNAdeza ho kara bane hue 'maJjaryudgama' aura gurvAbhoga' padoM me sandhi ke kAraNa Upara car3he hue raipha ke saMyoga se 'kaSTatA' yA 'duHzravatA' zrA gaI hai / ataeva yaha 'sandhikatA' ke udAharaNa haiM // 8 // isa prakAra vAkyadoSoM kA kathana karake zava vAkyArtha doSo kA pratipAdana karane ke lie kahate hai 1 vyartha, 2 ekArtha, 3 sandigdha, 4 aprayukta, 5 apakrama, 6 lokaviruddha aura 7 vidyAviruddha [ sAta prakAra ke ] vAkyArtha doSa hai / [ pUrvokta sAta prakAra ke ] vAkya duSTa [ artha vAle ] hai yaha [ pichale sUtra ke sAtha ] sambandha hai / [ isa prakAra isa sUtra meM sAta prakAra ke vAkyArtha doSoM kA 'uddeza' arthAt 'nAmamAtreNa kathana' kiyA gayA hai / Age unake lakSaNa kareMge ] // e // krama se [ una vAkyArtha doSoM kI ] vyAkhyA karane ke lie kahate haizrAge pIche ke [ pUrva aura uttara ] zrartha kA jisameM [ virodha, vyAghAta ] ho vaha 'vyartha' [ doSa ] kahalAtA hai /

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sUtra 11] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [LE ____ vyAhatau pUrvottarAvau~ yasmiMstad vyAhatapUrvottarArtha vAkyaM vyartham / yathA adyApi smarati rasAlasaM mano me mugdhAyAH smaracaturANi ceSTitAni // mugdhAyAH kathaM smaracaturANi ceSTitAni / tAni cet kathaM mugdhA / atra pUrvottarayorarthayovirodhAd vyarthamiti // 10 // uktArthapadamekArtham / 2, 2, 15 / uktArthAni padAni yasmiMstaduktArthaparamekArtham / yathA cintAmohamanaGgamaGga tanute viprekSitaM subhra vH| anaGgaH shRnggaarH| tasya cintAmohAtmakatvAcintAmohazabdau prayuktAcuktAau~ bhavataH / ekArthapadatvAd vAkyamekArthamityuktam // 11 // jisa [ vAkya ] meM [pUrva aura uttara] Age-pIche ke artha paraspara viruddha [ vyAhata ] ho vaha paraspara viruddhArtha vAlA vAkya 'vyartha [kahalAtA] hai| jaise [sambhogakAlIna ] mAnanda se paripUrNa merA mana aba bhI 'mugdhA' palI ko rati-krIr3A kI caturatApUrNa ceSTAmo ko yAda kara rahA hai| [isama vadhU ko 'mugdhA aura usakI ceSTAmo ko 'smaracaturANi ceSTitAni' kahA hai| yaha donoM bAteM paraspara viruddha hai / kyoki yadi vaha 'mugdhA hai to [ mugdhA tu 'ratau vAmA'] 'mugdhA' kI ceSTAeM raticatura' kaise [ ho sakatI hai] aura yadi [ usakI ceSTAeM ] usa prakAra kI [rati catura] hai to vaha 'mugyA' kaise [ ho sakatI hai isa prakAra ] yahAM prAge-pIche kI bAto [pUrva aura uttara prarthoM ] meM virodha hone se 'vyayaMtva' doSa hai // 10 // punarukta [ ukta artha vAlA ] pada 'ekArtha' [ doSa kahalAtA hai| jisa [ vAkya ] meM [ uktArtha ] punarukta pada ho vaha uktArtha [punarukta] pada vAlA [ vAkya ] 'ekArtha' [ vAkyadoSa kahalAtA hai / jaise usa sundarI kA kaTAkSa cintA, moha aura kAma ko utpanna karatA hai| [yahAM ] anaGga [kA artha ] zrRGgAra hai| usake [ svayaM hI ] cintA aura mohAtmaka hone se [arthAt cintA tathA moha ke usI kAma ke antargata ho . 1

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100 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 12-13 na vizeSazcet / 2, 2, 12 / na gatArtha duSTa, vizeSazcet pratipAdyaH syAt // 12 // taM vizeSa pratipAdayitumAhadhanudhvinau dhanuzrutirArUr3he. pratipattyai / 13 / dhanuAdhvanAvityatra jyAzabdenoktArthatve'pi dhanuHzrutiH pryujyte| jAne se ] cintA aura moha zabda kA [pRthak ] prayoga [ uktArtha ] punarukta ho jAtA hai| [ vAkya ke ] punarukta pada vAlA hone se [chatri-nyAya se samasta ] vAkya ko punarukta [ uktArtha ] kahA hai| [isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki uktArthatA yA punarukti to pado kI hotI hai isako vAkyArtha doSa kaise kahA hai| yaha prazna hai| isakA samAdhAna granthakAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ki punarukti kA sambandha do yA aneka pado se hotA hai ataH usako vAkya doSa hI samajhanA caahie| athavA isa samAdhAna kA dUsarA abhiprAya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki jaise bahuta se vyakti eka sAtha jA rahe hoM unameM eka chatarI lagAe ho aura anya ninA chatarI ke hoM to kabhI-kabhI una sabake lie jarA una chatarI vAloM ko bulA lenA isa prakAra kA prayoga hotA hai| isa ko 'chatrinyAya' kahate hai / isa 'chatrinyAya' se vAkyAntargata eka pada kI punaruktatA se vAkya kI punarukti mAna kara isa uktArthatA ko vAkyadoSa kahA jA sakatA hai ] // 11 // ___ yadi [ isa uktArthatA meM koI ] vizeSa [prayojana ] ho to [ yaha 'uktArtha' yA 'ekArtha ] doSa nahIM hotA hai| yadi koI vizeSa [bAta punarukti se pratipAdya ho to gatArthatA [uphtArthatA yA punarukti ] doSa nahIM hotI hai // 12 // [jisa vizeSatA ke pradarzana ke lie punarukti hone para bhI usako doSa nahI mAnA jAtA hai ] usa vizeSa kA pratipAdana karane ke lie [agale sUtroM meM kucha udAharaNa] kahate hai| 'dhanupdhvanoM dhanuSa ke cApa kI TaGkAra [ isa prayoga] meM jyA' zabda [pratyaJcA ke ] caDhAva kI pratIti ke lie hai| 'dhanupdhvanau isa [prayoga ] meM [jyA arthAt pratyaJcA dhanuSa ke sivAya aura kisI kI hotI hI nahIM isalie jyA pada se hI dhanuHpada ke gatArtha

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sUtra 14 ] dvitIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH 101 ArUDhaH pratipattyai / ArohaNasya pratipattyartham / na hi dhanuHzrutimantareNa dhanuSyArUDhA jyA dhanu]ti zakyaM pratipattum / yathA dhanurvyAkiNacinhena doSNA visphuritaM tava / iti // 13 // karNAvataMsazravaNakuNDalazira zekhareSu karNAdinirdeza. sannidheH / 2, 2, 14 / __ karNAvataMsAdizabdeSu karNAdInAmavataMsAdipadairuktArthAnAmapi nirdezaH sannidhe. pratipattyarthamiti sambandha. / na hi karNAdizabdanirdezamantareNa karNAdisannihitAnAmavataMsAdInAM zakyA pratipattiH kartumiti / yathA 1.dolAvilAseSu vilAsinInAM karaNAvataMsA. kalayanti kampam / / ho jAne para bhI] dhanuH suda [kA prayoga kyiA gayA hai| ] pArUr3hatA ke boSa ke lie [prayukta kiyA gayA hai / 'mArUDhaH pratipattyai' kA artha ArUr3hatA ke bodha ke lie hai / dhanuHpada ke binA, dhanuSa para car3hI huI pratyaJcA dhanuSa kI pratyaJcA hai [athavA utarI huI ] yaha nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| [dhanurdhyA zabda ke prayoga kA udAharaNa ] jaise dhanuSa kI pratyaJcA ko coTa se cinhita tumhArA bAhu phar3aka rahA hai| [yahAM dhanurdhyA pada ke prayoga se car3hI huI pratyaJcA kA hI grahaNa hotA hai anyathA pratyaJcA ke bandhana prAdi se bhI cinha ho sakatA hai ] // 13 // [isI prakAra karNAvataMsa, zravaNakuNDala, zirazekhara Adi [prayogo] meM karNa [zravaNa, zira ] Adi [ pado] kA nirdeza sAmIpya [bodhana ke kAraNa ] karNAvataMsa prAdi zabdo meM karNAdi ke avataMsa, prAdi pado se gatArtha ho jAne para bhI [alaga] nirdeza sannidhi [ sAmIpya ] ke bodha ke lie [kiyA jAtA hai, yaha [ sUtra ke pado kA sambandha humA / karNAdi pado ke prayoga ke binA karNa Adi meM sannihita [pahine hue ] avataMsa prAdi kA jJAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| [kyoki kAna ke prAbhUSaNa karNaphUla alaga bhI rakhe hue ho sakate hai / karNAvataMsa pada ke prayoga se kAno meM pahine hue rUpa meM hI unakA bodha hotA hai, alaga rakhe humo kA nahIM ] jaise

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102] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI / sUtra 15 2. lIlAcalacchavaNakuNDalamApatanti / 3. AyayubhRGgamukharAH ziraHzekharazAlinaH // 14 // muktAhArazabde muktAzabda. zuddhe. / 2, 2, 15 / muktAhArazabde muktAzabdo hArazabdenaiva gatArthaH prayujyate, zuddhaH pratipattyarthamiti smbndhH| zuddhAnAmanyaratnairamizritAnAM hAro muktaahaarH| yathA jhUlA jhUlane ke samaya sundariyo ke phAno ke AbhUSaNa hila rahe hai| [ isI prakAra kA dUsarA udAharaNa dete hai ] lIlA se hilate hue zravaekuNDala para [ bhramara prAdi ] girate hai / [athavA lIlA se hilate kuNDaloM vAle yA vAlI hokara girate hai yA giratI hai ] / yaha udAharaNa zravaNakuNDala pada me kuNDala kI zravaNa-sannidhi kAna meM pahine hone kI sUcanA ke lie prayukta zravaNa pada ke prayoga samarthana ke lie diyA hai / parantu yahA 'lIlA-calat' pada se hI unakA kAna me pahinA honA pratIta ho sakatA hai / isalie yaha udAharaNa adhika sundara nahIM rahA usakI apekSA nimna udAharaNa acchA rahegA asyAH karNAvatasena jita sarva vibhUSaNam / tathaiva zobhate'tyantamasyAH zravaNakuNDalam // isake pUrva dhanurdhyA Adi sUtra me hI karNAvataMsAdi padoM kA bhI ekatra hI nirdeza kiyA jA sakatA thA usa dazA me alaga sUtra banAne kI AvazyakatA na hotI / parantu prayojana ke bheda ko dikhAne ke lie isa sUtra aura isake agale cAra sUtroM kI racanA alaga kI gaI hai| tIsarA udAharaNa dete haiM bhRGgo ke guJjana se yukta [ mukharita ] zira-maura [zekhara ] vAle [loga ] paae| [yahA zekhara ke sAtha ziraH pada kA prayoga maura [zekhara ] ko zira para sthiti ke vopana ke lie hai ] // 14 // muktAhAra [ isa prayoga ] meM muktA pada [kA prayoga] zuddhi [ ke bodhana ke prayojana ] se huA hai| 'muktAhAra' isa zabda meM muktA zabda hAra zabda se hI gatArtha hokara [ bhI alaga] prayukta hotA hai| [kyoki muphtA ke bane hue hAra ko hI hAra

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116] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 2 tadatizayahetavastvalaGkArAH / 3, 1, 2 / / tasyAH kAvyazobhAyA atizayastadatizayaH, tasya hetavaH / tu zabdo vyatireke / alaGkArAzca yamakopamAdayaH / atra zloko niyama se nahI apitu kabhI-kabhI upakRta karate hai ve hArAdi ke samAna alaGkAra hote hai / hAra Adi alaGkAro kI prAyaH tIna prakAra kI sthiti dekhI jAtI hai| 1. alaGkArya strI Adi meM vAstavika saundarya hone para hArAdi alaGkAra usake utkarSAdhAyaka hote hai / 2. saundarya na hone para vaha dRSTivaicitrya mAtra ke hetu hote hai / isI prakAra kAvya meM rasa hone para upamAdi athavA anuprAsAdi alaGkAra usake utkarSAMdhAyaka hote hai / jahA rasa nahI hotA vahA uktivaicitryamAtra rUpa se pratIta hote hai / aura rasa ke vidyamAna hone para bhI kabhI usake utkarSAMdhAyaka nahI bhI hote hai / jaise atyanta bhanindha saundaryazAlinI yuvati ko dhAraNa karAe hue grAmINa alaGkAra usake saundarya ke abhivardhaka nahIM hote| isali kAvyaprakAzakAra ke mata mai guNa tathA alaGkAro ke bheda kA mukhya prAdhAra yaha hai ki 'guNa rasa ke niyata dharma hai' aura 'alaGkAra zabda tathA artha ke aniyata dharma hai| prakRta 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti ke nirmAtA vAmana bhI guNa tathA alaGkAro kA bheda mAnate hai| parantu unake mata meM usa bheda kA prAdhAra mAnandavardhanAcArya tathA mammaTAcArya se bhinna kucha aura hI hai| vAmana kA mata yaha hai ki kAvyazobhA ke utpAdaka dharmoM kA nAma 'guNa' hai aura usa zobhA ke pratizaya-hetupro ko 'alaGkAra' kahate hai / isI prAzaya se 'kAvyazobhAyAH kartAro dharmA guNA / ' yaha guNo kA sAmAnya lakSaNa karane ke bAda alaDvAro kA unase bheda dikhAne vAlA lakSaNa 'tadatizayahetavastvalakArAH / agale sUtra meM karate hai usa [ kAvyazobhA ] ke atizaya ke hetu alaGkAra hote hai / usa kAvyazobhA kA atizaya tadatizaya [ kA artha ] humA / usake hetu [alaGkAra hote hai ] tu zabda [ guNo se alaGkAro kA] bheda [pradarzana meM [prayukta huA ] hai / yamaka aura upamA prAdi [zabda tathA artha ke ] alaGkAra hai| [ guNa aura alaGkAro kA jo bheda hamane pratipAdita kiyA hai isake [samarthana ke ] viSaya meM [ nimna likhita ] do zloka [ bhI ] hai

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sUtra 2] tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH yuvateriva rUpamaGga kAvyaM, svadate zuddhaguNaM tadapyatIva / vihitapraNayaM nirantarAbhiH, sadalaGkAravikalpakalpanAbhiH || yadi bhavati vacazcyuta guNebhyo, vapuriva yauvanavandhyamaGganAyAH / api janadayitAni durbhagatvaM, niyatamalaGkaraNAni saMzrayante // [ 117 [zuddha arthAt alaGkAro se zramizrita guNa projaH prasAda Adi jisa meM ho vaha ] zuddhaguNa vAlA vaha kAvya bhI yuvati ke [ alaGkAravihIna zuddha ] rUpa ke samAna [ rasika jano ko ] atyanta rucikara hotA hai / aura pratyadhika [ nirantarAbhiH ] alaGkAra racanAzro se vibhUSita rUpa bhI atyanta prahlAdadAyaka hotA hai / [ yuvati meM saundarya rUpa gue hone para alaGkAra ho yA na ho dono avasthAno meM rasiko ko vaha rUpa rucikara hotA hI hai ] | [ parantu ] yadi strI ke [ yauvana vandhya jisameM yauvana bhI lAvaNya ko utpanna na kara sakane ke kAraNa vyartha ho aise ] lAvaNyazUnya zarIra ke samAna etou - vANI [ vacaH ] guNo [ proja prasAda Adi ] se zUnya ho to nizcaya hI [ usake dhAraNa kie hue ] lokapriya [ janadayitAni ] AbhUSaNa bhI bhadde mAlUma hone lagate hai [ durbhagatva saMzrayante ] / ina zloko kA abhiprAya yaha huA ki guraNo ke hone para alaGkAro ke vinA bhI kAvya kI zobhA ho sakatI hai aura guraNo ke prabhAva meM kevala alaGkAro se kAvya kI zobhA nahI hotI / isalie anvaya tathA vyatireka se guNa hI kAvya- zobhA ke utpAdaka hai aura alaGkAra usa zobhA kI vRddhi ke hetu hote hai // 2 // guNa aura alaGkAro kA mukhya bheda granthakAra ne batA diyA, parantu vAmana ke mata meM guraNa tathA zralaGkAro kA isake atirikta eka bheda aura hai / vaha yaha hai ki guNa kAvya ke nitya arthAt aparihAryaM dharma hai aura alaGkAra nitya yA aparihAryaM dharma nahI hai / arthAt guNo ke vinA kAvya kI zobhA nahI ho sakatI hai / parantu alaGkAro ke binA kAvya kI zobhA ho sakatI hai / isI bAta ko granthakAra agale sUtra meM kahate hai /

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau pUrve nityAH / 3, 1, 3 / pUrve guNA nityAH / tairvinA kAvyazobhAnupapatteH // 3 // evaM guNAlaGkArANAM bhedaM darzayitvA zabdaguNanirUpaNArthamAhaprojaH- prasAda-zleSa-samatA- samAdhi - mAdhurya-saukumAryaudAratA-'rthavyakti-kAntayo bandhaguNAH / 3, 1, 4, bandhaH padaracanA, tasya guNA bandhaguNAH zrojaHprabhRtayaH // 4 // 1 118] [ sUtra 3-4 / [ una guNa tathA alaGkAroM meM se ] prathama [ arthAt guNa ] nitya hai / pUrva [ arthAt ] guNa nitya [ kAvya meM aparihArya ] hai / una [ guNoM ] ke binA [ kAvya kI ] zobhA anupapanna hone se // 3 // isa prakAra guNa tathA alaGkAroM ke bheda kA nirUpaNa karake zabda - guNoM ke nirUpaNa karane ke lie [ sabase pahile unakA 'uddeza' arthAt nAmamAtreNa kathana karane ke lie agalA sUtra ] kahate hai 1. bhoja, 2. prasAda, 3. zleSa, 4, samatA, 5. samAdhi, 6. mAdhurya, 7. saukumArya, 8. udAratA, 6. zrarthavyakti, aura 10. kAntiM [ nAmaka yaha 10 ] ara [ arthAt racanA ] ke guNa hai / bandha bhrarthAt pada-racanA usake guNa bandhaguNa, bhoja, prasAda Adi [ 10 prakAra ke bandhaguNa ] hote hai / yahA proja, prasAda, prAdi ko 'bandha' kA guNa kahA hai| 'bandha' kA artha pada-racanA hai / arthAt bhoja prasAda prAdi pada-racanA ke guraNa hai | isa 'padaracanA' ke lie 'saGghaTanA' zabda kA prayoga bhI, sAhityagrantho me huA hai / dhvanyAlokakAra ne isa artha meM mukhya rUpa se 'saGghaTanA' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / unhone 'saGghaTanA' tathA 'guNoM' ke sambandha kA vivecana bahuta vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai / inake sambandha kA nirUpaNa karate hue bhI unhone 'abhedavAdI' tathA 'bhedavAdI' do pakSa dikhalAe hai / 'abhedavAdI' pakSa meM unhone vAmana ke mata ko rakhA hai / vAmana pada- racanA ko 'bandha' kahate hai / zrIra vizeSa prakAra kI pada-racanA ke lie 'rIti' zabda kA prayoga karate hai / prathama adhikaraNa meM 'viziSTapada - racanA rIti' yaha rIti kA lakSaNa kara cuke hai / 'pada-racanA kI vaha viziSTatA kyA hai isakA pratipAdana karate hue agale hI sUtra meM 'vizeSo guNAtmA' likha kara guNarUpatA - guNAtmakatA ko hI pada-racanA kA vaiziSTya yA I *

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[116 maMtra 5] tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH tAna krameNa darzayitumAha gADhabandhatvamojaH / 3, 1, 5 / vandhasya gADhatvaM yat tadonaH / yathA 'rIti' kahA hai / isalie vAmana ke mata meM pada-racanA yA rItiyo ko guNAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki 'guNa' aura 'rIti' alaga-alaga nahI hai| isIlie mAnandavardhanAcArya ne vAmana ke mata ko 'guNa' tathA 'saGghaTanA' kA 'abhedavAdI' mata kahA hai| isa 'abhedavAdI' pakSa ke viparIta dUsarA 'bhedavATI' pakSa hai jo 'saGghaTanA' tathA guNa dono ko alaga-alaga bhinna-bhinna mAnatA hai / isa 'bhedavAdI' pakSa meM guNo ke 'saGghaTanA' ke sAtha sambandha ke viSaya meM do prakAra ke mata pAe jAte hai / eka mata meM 'guNa' 'saGkaTanA' ke Azrita rahate hai| aura dUsare mata meM 'saGghaTanA' guNo ke prAdhita rahatI hai / ina dono mato ko prAnandavardhana ne 'saGghaTanAzrayA guNA' aura 'guNAzrayA vA saGghaTanA' isa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| inameM se 'saGghaTanAzrayA guNA' arthAt guNa, 'saGghaTanA' ke Azrita rahate hai / yaha pakSa 'bhaTTodbhaTa' prAdi kA hai / unhone guNo ko saGghaTanA kA dharma mAnA hai / dharma sadA dharmI ke Azrita rahatA hai / isalie 'guNa', 'saGghaTanA' ke mAzrita rahate hai| arthAt 'gurA' Adheya aura 'saGghaTanA' AdhAra rUpa hai / isa prakAra guNa aura saGghaTanA kA bheda hai| tIsarA pakSa 'guNAzrayA saGghaTanA' hai arthAt saGghaTanA guNo ke mAzrita rahatI hai / yaha mAnandavardhanAcArya kA abhimata pakSa hai / isa prakAra tIna prakAra ke vikalpa dhvanyAlokakAra ne dikhalAe hai / dhvanyAlokakAra svayaM 'rIti sambhadAya ke mAnane vAle nahIM hai / vaha 'rIti' ko nahI apitu dhvani ko kAvya kA prAtmA mAnate hai aura 'dhvani sampradAya ke pravartaka hai / phira bhI unhone 'saddhaTanA' nAma se rItiyo kA nirdeza kara guNo ke sAtha unakA sambandha dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / aura tIno kA samanvaya karane kA bhI yala kiyA hai // 4 // krama se una [ vaso guNo ke lakSaNAdi ] ko dikhAne ke lie kahate hai| racanA kI gAr3hatA [ gAr3ha bandhatva ] poja [guNa kahalAtA hai| vandha [arthAt racanA] kA jo gADhatva hai vaha proca [guNa kahalAtA] hai| gADhatva kA abhiprAya avayavo athavA akSaravinyAsa kA paraspara saMzlimatva

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120 ] na punaH, kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau vilulitamakarandA maJjarI rnartayanti / vilulitamadhudhArA maJjarIrlolayanti // 5 // zaithilya prasAdaH / 3, 1, 6 / bandhasya zaithilyaM zithilatvaM prasAdaH // 6 // nanvayamono viparyayAtmA doSastat kathaM guNa ityAha [ sUtra 6 hai / sayukta akSaro aura rephaziraska vargoM ke prathama dvitIya, athavA prathama-tRtIya zrathavA tRtIya- caturtha varNoM ke sayoga hone para bandha kI gAr3hatA athavA zroja guNa mAnA jAtA hai ] jaise makaranda ko kampita karate hue [ bhaure prAstra Adi ko ] maJjariyo ko nacAte hai / [ yahA 'makaranda' aura 'maJjarIrtartayanti' meM bandha kI gAr3hatA hone se zroja guNa mAnA hai ] / parantu yahAM [ nIce ke udAharaNa meM, proja guNa ] nahI haimadhudhArA ko kampita karate hue maJjariyo ko hilAte hai / [ yahAM 'makaranda' ke sthAna para 'madhudhArA' 'maJjarIrnartayanti' kI jagaha 'maJjarIrlolayanti' kara dene se bandha kI gADhatA samApta hokara zaithilya zrAjItA hai / isalie isa parivartana ke kara dene para racanA meM proja nahIM rahatA hai / ataH yaha pratyudAharaNa diyA hai ] // 5 // agale sUtra me dUsare guraNa 'prasAda' kA lakSaNa karate hai [ racanA ke ] zaithilya [ kA nAma ] prasAda [ guNa ] hai | bandha [ racanA ] ke zaithilya arthAt zithilatva [ kA nAma ] prasAda hai // 6 // yahA prazna yaha utpanna hotA hai ki 'prasAda' ko guNa ka~se mAnA gayA hai kyoki 'bandhagADhatva rUpa' 'bhoja' ke prabhAva kA nAma bandha-zaithilya yA 'prasAda' 1 hotA hai / arthAt bandhagADhasva rUpa zroja kA virodhI hone se 'bandha-zaithilya' rUpa 'prasAda' ko kAvya kA doSa mAnanA cAhie, usako guraNa kaise kahate hai ? isakA uttara dene ke lie granthakAra agale cAra sUtro kA prakaraNa prArambha karate hai / [ prazna ] yaha 'noja' kA viparyaya rUpa [zaithilya to kAvya kA ] doSa hai va guga kaise ho sakatA hai / isa [ prazna ] kA uttara dene ke lie kahate hai -

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sUtra 7-6] tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [ 121 guNaH samplavAt / 3, 1, 7 / guNaH prasAdaH / zrojasA saha samplavAt // 7 // na zuddhaH / 3, 1, 8 / zuddhastu doSa eveti // 8 // nanu viruddhayoronaHprasAdayoH kathaM samplava ityAha sa tvanubhavasiddhaH / 3, 1, 6 / sa tu samplavastvanubhavasiddhaH / tadvidAM ratnAdivizeSavat / atra zlokaH [racanA zaithilya rUpa ] 'prasAda' guNa hai [oja ke sAtha ] mizrita hone se| 'prasAda' guNa [hI ] hai / bhoja ke sAtha mizraNa [samplava ] hone se / [arthAta jahA 'proja' aura 'prasAda' dono mile julaM rahate hai vahA~ 'prasAda' guNa hotA hai| aura jahAM prona se sarvathA rahina eka dama bandha-zaithilya hotA hai vaha zuddha zaithilya guNa nahIM hai| yahI bAta agale sUtra meM kahate hai ] // 7 // zuddha [ prona se vihIna kevala bandha-zaithilya rUpa prasAda ] to guNa nahIM [apitu doSa ho ] hai| [bandhagAr3hatva rUpa bhoja se sarvathA vihIna ] zuddha [vandha-zaithilya ] to doSa hI hai / [ use hama guNa nahIM kahate hai ] // 8 // [ isa para phira prazna utpanna hotA ha ki ] viruddha svabhAva vAle prona aura prasAda kA samplava [arthAt mizraNa ] kaise ho sakatA hai ? isa [zadvA] kA samAdhAna karane ] ke lie kahate hai vaha [ bandhagAr3hatA rUpa bhoja tathA bandha-zathilya rUpa prasAda kA samplava arthAt mizraNa ] to [ sahRdaya vidvAnoM ke anubhava [ se ] siddha hai| vaha [gAr3habandha rUpa proja tathA vandharzathilya rUpa prasAda kA] samplava [mizraNa ] to usako samajha sakane vAlo [ sahRdaya vidvAno] ko usI prakAra anubhavasiddha hai jisa prakAra ratlo ko vizeSatA [ ratno ko pahicAnane vAle kuzala ] jauhariyoM ko [anubhava siddha hotI hai / isa viSaya meM nimnalikhita] zloka bhI hai

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sUtra 21] tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [143 pRthakpadatvaM mAdhuryam / 3, 1, 21 / bandhasya pRthakpadatvaM yat tanmAdhuryam / pRthak padAni yasya saH pRthakpadaH, tasya bhAvaH pRthakpadatvam / samAsadaiyanivRttiparaM caitat / pUrvoktamudAharaNam / viparyayastu yathA calitazabarasenAdattagozRGgacaNDadhvanicakitavarAhavyAkulA vindhyapAdAH // 21 // - sakatA hai| use Apa kAvya-guNo meM kyoM ginA rahe hai / isakA khaNDana karane ke lie vRttikAra kahate hai ki usa prAroha yA avaroha ko] pATha kA dharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai yaha bAta [hama isa adhyAya ke antima sUtra] 'na pAThadharmAH sarvatrAdRSTeH' isa sUtra meM kheNge| yahA samAdhi guNa ko alaga siddha karane kA bahuta prayAsa granthakAra ne kiyA hai parantu vaha pUrNatayA saphala nahI huA hai / isI lie anya loga isako alaga guNa nahI mAnate hai // 20 // 'mAdhurya rUpa caturtha guNa ke nirUpaNa ke lie granthakAra agalA sUtra likhate hai [racanA ke ] pado ko pRthaktA [ arthAt samAsarahita padoM ke prayoga] ko mAdhurya [ guNa ] kahate haiN| bandha [ arthAt racanA ] kA jo pRthakpadatva hai vaha mAdhurya kahalAtA hai| jisake pada pRthak [alaga-alaga asamasta ] hai vaha [bandha ] pRthakpavaH [bandhaH] huA aura usakA bhAva pRthakpadatva [kahalAtA hai / yaha samAsa kI dIrghatA kA niSedha karane vAlA hai / [ isa mAdhurya guNa kA] pUrvokta ['prastyuttarasyAM dizi devatAtmA' Adi zloka hI ] udAharaNa hai| [ usakA viparyaya ] pratyudAharaNa jaise [ nimna likhita vAkya ] calatI huI zabarasenA ke bajAe hue turahI [ gozRGga nAmaka vAdya ] kI bhayakara dhvani se cakita varAho se vyApta [ vyAkula ] vindhyAcala kI talahaTI hai| yahA 'calita' se lekara 'vyAkulA' taka eka lambA samasta pada vizeSaNa rUpa meM diyA huA hai / isalie yahA pRthakpadatva rUpa 'mAdhurya' guNa nahI hai / isali yaha pratyudAharaNa humA // 21 //

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 22-23 ajaraThatvaM saukumAryam / 3, 1, 22 / bandhasyAjaraThatvamapAruSyaM yat tat saukumAryam / pUrvoktamudrAharaNam / viparyayastu yathA 132 ] nidAnaM nidvaitaM priyajana sahaktvavyavasitiH / sudhAse kaploSau phalamapi viruddha mama hRdi // 22 // vikaTatvamudAratA / 3,1, 23 / bandhasya vikaTatvaM yadasAvudAratA / yasmin sati nRtyantIva padA saptama guNa 'saukumArya' kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie agalA sUtra likhate hai [ bandha kI ] akaThoratA saukumArya [ kahalAtI ] hai / ara [ racanA zailI ] kA ajaraThatva [ arthAt ] apAruSya [ kaThoratA kA prabhAva ] jo hai vaha 'saukumArya' [ guNa kahalAtA ] hai / [ isakA bhI ] pUrvokta [ 'astyuttarasyAM dizi devatAtmA' prAdi zloka hI ] udAharaNa hai / [ usakA viparyaya ] pratyudAharaNaM to jaise [ nimna zloka hai ] [ viyogAvasthA meM ] priya jana [ priyatamA yA priyatama zrAdi ke mukha, netra, keza Adi ] ke sAdRzya kI [ candramA, kamala, mayUrapiccha prAdi meM ] sthiti hI nizcita [ nidvaitaM asandigdha ] rUpa se usakI smRti aura viyoga ke uddIpana kA nidAnam ] kAraNa hai / aura [ usakI smRti se ] sudhA siJcana [ tathA viyoga se hRdaya kA ploSa arthAt ] aura bAha rUpa viruddha [ do prakAra ke ] phala bhI mere hRdaya meM utpanna hote hai / [ zrarthAt candramA kamala zrAdi ko dekha kara sAdRzyavaza priyatamA ke sukha prAdi kI smRti ho AtI hai usase hRdaya meM Ananda kA saJcAra hotA hai / parantu usake sAtha hI usakA viyoga hRdaya ko aura adhika jalAne lagatA hai ] 1 " isa padya kI racanA meM 'saukumArya' nahI apitu 'pAruSya' hai / ataeva yaha 'saukumArya' guraNa kA udAharaNa nahI apitu pratyudAharaNa hai // 22 // nAThaveM 'udAratA' nAmaka guNa kA lakSaNa agale sUtra meM karate hai[ racanA zailI kI ] 'vikaTatA', 'udAratA' [ kahalAtI ] hai / racanAzailI [ bandha ] ko jo 'vikaTatA' hai vaha 'udAratA' [ kahalAtI ]

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sUtra 24 ] tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [ 133 nIti janasya varNabhAvanA bhavati tadvikaTatvam / lIlAyamAnatvamityarthaH / yathA na punaH- mva caraNaviniviSTainU purairnartakInAM maNiti raNitamAsIt tatra citra kalaJca // - caraNakamalalagnaina purairnartakInAM jhaTiti raNitamAsInmajju citravca tatra // 23 // arthavyaktihetutvamarthavyaktiH / 3, 1, 24 / hai / jisake hone para [ racanA ke ] pada nAca se rahe hai isa prakAra kI varNoM ke viSaya meM [ zrotA ] logo kI bhAvanA hotI hai vaha 'vikaTatva' [ kahalAtA ] hai / [ arthAt varNoM kA nRtya ke samAna ] lIlAyamAnatva [ ho vikaTatva athavA udAratA hai ] yaha artha huA / [ usakA udAharaNa ] jaise vahA~ nartakiyoM ke apane pairo meM pahine hue nUpuro kA vicitra aura sundara zabda hone lagA / isa zloka ke paDhate samaya usake pada nAcate hue se pratIta hote hai / nAcane meM jaise jaise utAra-caDhAva kI vizeSa prakAra kI gati hotI hai isI prakAra yahA~ jhaTiti raNitamAsIt tatra citra kalaJca' Adi pado ko paDhate samaya vizeSa prakAra kI gati pratIta hotI hai| isa lie yaha vikaTatva' athavA 'udAratA' kA udAharaNa hai / [ parantu yadi isa zloka ke pado meM parivartana nIce likhe prakAra se kara diyA jAya to ] phira [ vaha guNa ] nahIM rahegA / [ jaise ] - nartakiyo ke caraNa kamalo meM pahine hue [ lagna ] nUpuro ne vahA~ vicitra aura sundara zabda kiyA / zloka ke ina dono caraNo ke Upara die hue dono pATho ko paDhate samaya unake uccAraNa meM spaSTa rUpa se antara pratIta hotA hai| usase hI pado ke 'vikaTatva' athavA 'udAratA' guNa kA svarUpa nirNaya ho jAtA hai ||23|| agale sUtra meM 'arthavyakti' rUpa navama guraNa kA nirUpaNa karate hai - artha kI [ spaSTa aura turanta ] pratIti kA hetubhUta [ zabda guNa ] zrarthavyakti' [ nAma se kahA jAtA ] hai /

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134 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 25 yatra TityarthapratipattihetutvaM sa guNo'rthavyaktiriti / pUrvoktamudAharaNam / pratyudAharaNantu bhUyaH sulabhA // 24 // zrajjvalyaM kAntiH / 3, 1,25 / bandhasyojjvalatvaM nAma yadasau kAntiriti / yadabhAve purANacchAyetyucyate / yathA kuraGgInetrAlI taba kitavanAlIparisaraH / jahA~ [ jina zabdoM meM ] turanta [ aura vispaSTa rUpa se ] artha ko pratIti karAne kI [ hetutva ] kSamatA hotI hai vaha 'arthavyakti' [ nAmaka ] guNa hotA hai / [ isa vyakti guNa kA bhI ] pUrvokta [ 'astyuttarasyAM dizi devatAtmA' ityAdi zloka ho ] udAharaNa hai / [ usake viparIta ] pratyudAharaNa bahuta [ ho sakate hai ] prora sulabha hai / [ isalie hama yahAM usakA pratyudAharaNa apane vRttigrantha meM nahIM de rahe hai ] / vAstava meM isa 'arthavyakti' guraNa ke prabhAva meM 1. prasAdhutva, 2. apratI - tatva, 3 anarthakatva, 4. zranyArthatva, 5. neyArthatva, 6. yatibhraSTatva, 7. kliSTatva, 8 sandigdhatva aura 8. zraprayuktatva zrAdi doSa ho jAte hai / una doSo ke nirUpaNa meM jo udAharaNa die hai vaha saba isa 'arthavyakti' ke pratyudAharaNa ho sakate hai / isa lie usake pratyudAharaNo ko alaga dikhalAne kI AvazyakatA nahI hai / yaha mAna kara vRttikAra ne alaga pratyudAharaNa nahI dikhAyA hai ||24|| 'kAnti' nAmaka dazama guraNa kA lakSaraNa agale sUtra meM karate hai / [ racanA zailI ko ] ujjvalatA [ navInatA kA nAma ] kAnti [ guNa ] hai / bandha kI jo ujjvalatA [ navInatA ] hai vaha hI kAnti [ nAmaka ] hai | jisa [ kAnti] ke abhAva meM [ yaha zloka yA kAvya ] purAnI nakkala [ chAyA ] hai yaha kahA jAtA hai / [ isa kAnti nAmaka guNa kA udAharaNa ] jaise mugiyo ke netroM kI paMkti se vanazreNI kA kinArA [ puSpoM ke ] gucchoM se yukta sA [ pratIta ho rahA ] hai / yahA~ 'kuraGgInevAlI' se 'banAlIparisaraH' arthAt vana prAnta ko, hariNiyo ke netro se phUlo ke guccho se bharA sA 'stabakita' sA kaha kara jo varNana

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sUtra 25) tRtIyAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH 6.135 viparyayaMstu bhUyAna sulabhazca / lokAzcAtra bhavanti padanyAsasya gADhatvaM vadantyojaH kviishvraaH| anenAdhiSThitAH prAyaH zabdAH zrotrarasAyanam // 1 // lathatvamonasA mizraM prasAdaJca pracakSate / anena na vinA satyaM svadate kAvyapaddhatiH // 2 // yatraikapadavadbhAva padAnAM bhUyasAmapi / anAlakSitasandhInAM sa zleSaH paramo guNaH // 3 // pratipAdaM pratizlokamekamArgaparigrahaH / durbandhoM durvibhAvazca samaveti guNo mtH||4|| kiyA hai, vaha phevi kI apanI naI kalpanA yA naI sUjha hai / yahI usakA 'bhojjvalya' guNa hai / jahA~ kavi kI kalpanA meM koI nUtanatA nahI rahatI vahAM lokapiTAI so pratIti hotI hai aura koI cArutA nahI rhtii| [isa projjvalya ke viparyaya rUpa] pratyudAharaNa bahuta aura sulabha hai| [ataH unako dikhalAne ko prAvazyakatA yahA~ nahIM hai|] [isa prakAra anyakAra ne sUtra aura vRtti dvArA isa prakAra ke zabda guNo kA pratipAdana kara diyaa| aba unhIM dasa guNoM ko zlokoM dvArA dikhalAne ke lie kucha saMgraha zloka svayaM likhate hai ] isa [arthAt zabda guNo ke svarUpa nirUpaNa ] ke viSaya meM [ nimnalikhita 11 ] zloka bhI hai| [ina 11 zloko meM kramazaH unhIM dasa 'zabda-guNoM' kA nirUpae kiyA gayA hai / jo isa prakAra hai ___1. pada racanA ko gAr3hatA ko kavIzvara loga 'moja' [nAmaka guNa] phahate hai / isa [poja guNa ) se yukta pada prAyaH [sphUti paidA karane vAle ] kAno ke lie rasAyana ke samAna [sphUrtidAyaka ] hote hai| 2. prona se mizrita [ racanA ke ] zaithilya ko 'prasAda' [ guNa nAma se ] kahate hai / isa [ prasAda guNa ] ke binA vastutaH kAvya racanA kA Ananda ho nahIM pAtA hai| 3. jahA~ sandhi ke dikhAI na dene para bhI bahuta se pado meM ekapada ke samAna pratIti ho vaha 'zleSa [nAmaka ] parama guNa hai| 4. [zloka ke ] pratyeka pAva meM aura pratyeka zloka meM eka-se mArga

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146 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravattI [ sUtra 3 rativigalitabandhe kezapAze sukezyAH / ityatra sukezyA ityasya ca sAbhiprAyatvaM vyAkhyAtam // 2 // arthavaimalya prasAda / 3,2,3 / arthasya vaimalyaM prayojakamAtraparigrahaH prasAdaH / yathAsavarNA kanyakA rUpayauvanArambhazAlinI / viparyayastu -- upAstAM hasto me vimalamaNikAcI padamidam / kAlIpadamityanenaiva nitambasya lakSitatvAt vizeSaNasyAprayojaka tvamiti // 3 // isa [ pUrvokta udAharaNa ] se 'sukezI ke ratikAla meM khule hue kezapAza meM ' ityAdi [ udAharaNa ] meM 'sukezyA' isa [ pada ] ke 'sAbhiprAyatva' kI vyAkhyA samajha lenI cAhie // 2 // dUsare zrarthaguraNa 'prasAda' kA lakSaNa agale sUtra meM karate hai zrarthaM kA nairmalya [ zrarthAt spaSTatA ] 'prasAda' [ guNa kahalAtA ] hai / artha kA nairmalya vivakSita artha ke samarpaka - [- prayojaka ] pada kA prayoga 'prasAda' [ nAmaka zrarthaguNa ] hai / jaise rUpa aura navayauvana ke prArambha se yukta yaha savarNA kanyA hai / [ yaha apane hI kSatriya prAdi va kI hone se samAna varNa vAlI prathavA sundara isa kA bodhaka 'savarNA' pada kanyA kI upAdeyatA arthAt vivAhayogyatA kA sUcaka hai ] / isakA viparyaya [ prabhAva hone para 'prapuSTArthatva' aura 'anarthakatva' doSa ho jAte hai / unameM se 'puSTArthatva' kA udAharaNa dete hai ] jaise merA hAtha vimala maNiyo ko tagar3I ke isa sthAna ko sparza kare / isameM 'kAJcI padaM' isa [ kathana ] se hI nitamba kA lakSaNA se bodha ho jAne se [ kAJcI ke sAtha die hue vimalamaNi ] vizeSaNa praprayojaka [ aviaft a puSTArthaM ] hai / [ ataH isa pratyudAharaNa meM 'prasAda' guNa' nahIM hai ] // 3 // tRtIya praguraNa zleSa kA nirUpaNa pragale sUtra meM karate hai

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sUtra 4] tRtIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [147 ghaTanA shless.| 3, 2, 4 / kramakauTilyAnulvaNatvopapattiyogo ghaTanA / sa zleSaH / yathA dRSTkAsanasaMsthite priyatame pazcAdupelyAdarAdekasyA nayane nimIlya vihitkriiddaanuvndhcchlH| ISadvakritakandhara. sapulakaH premollasanmAnasA mantosalasatkapolaphalakA dhUrto'parAM cumbati // zUdrakAdiraciteSu prabandheSvasya bhUyAn prapaJco dRzyate // 4 // ["zrama', 'kauTilya', 'anulvaNatva' aura 'upapatti' ke yoga ko 'ghaTanA' kahate hai / ] yaha ghaTanA 'zleSa [kahalAtI ] hai| krama, kauTilya, anulvaNatva aura upapatti kA yoga [ hI yahAM ] ghaTanA [ kahalAtI ] hai / vaha [ vizeSa prakAra se zliSTa hone se ] "zleSa' hai / jaise dono [apanI ] priyatamAno [ ina dono meM se eka nAyaka ko svakIyA nAyikA hai aura dUsarI sakhI hai jisake prati nAyaka kA pracchanna anurAga hai| anyayA yadi dono sapatnI ho to unakI ekAsanasasthiti susaGgata nahIM hogii|] ko eka [ ho ] pAsana para ikaTThI [vaiThI ] dekhakara 'dhUrta' [nAyaka cupake se ] pIche se pAkara prAdara se eka [ apanI svakIyA patnI ] ko [ dono] aA~kheM banda kara [prAMkhamicaunI ke ] khela kA bahAnA karatA huA tanika sI [adhika nahIM adhika gardana jhukAne se to sandeha ho jAtA ] gardana moDakara prema se mAnandita mana vAlI aura [antarhAsa ] muskarAhaTa se suzobhita kapolo vAlI [pracchanna anurAgA] dUsarI [ priyatamA ] ko cumbana karatA hai| isameM 'krama' zabda kA artha aneka kriyAno kI paramparA hai| jaise yahA 'dRSTvA, pazcAdupetya, nayane pidhAya, vihitakrIDAnubandhacchala , vakritavandhara, cumbati' Adi kriyAno kI paramparA pAI jAtI hai / isI ko 'krama' kahate hai| aura isa sabake bhItara anusyUta vidagdha-ceSTita ko 'kauTilya' kahate hai / aprasiddha varNana ke viraha arthAt prasiddha varNana zailI ko 'anulvaNatva' kahate hai / aura yuktivinyAsa kA nAma 'upapatti' hai / ina sabakA yoga jisameM ho usa racanA meM arthaguNa 'zleSa' hotA hai| isa udAharaNa rUpa zloka meM darzanAdi kriyAno kA krama, ubhayasamarthanarUpa 'kauTilya', lokasavyavahAra rUpa 'anulvaraNatva', aura 'ekatrAsanasasthite, pazcAdupetya, nayane pighAya, vakritakandharaH' ityAdi upapAdaka yukti rUpa 'upapatti kA yoga hone se yaha zleSa' rUpa arthaguNa kA udAharaNa hotA hai /

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148] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto [sUtra 5 avaipamya samatA / 3, 2, 5 / avaipabhyaM prakramAbhedaH samatA / kacit kramo'pi bhidyate / yathA cyutasumanasaH kundAH puSpodgameSvalasA drumAH malayamarutaH sarpantIme viyuktdhRticchidH| atha ca savituH zItollAsaM lunanti marIcayo na ca jaraThatAmAlamvante klamodayadAyinIm / / RtusandhipratipAdanapare dvitIye pAde kramabhedo, malayamaratAmasAdhAraNatvAt / evaM-dvitIyaH pAdaH paThitavyaH zUdraka Adi racita [ mRcchakaTika Adi ] prabandhoM [ nATakoM athavA kAvyo ] meM isa [prakAra ke zleSa ] kA bahuta vistAra pAyA jAtA hai // 4 // caturtha arthaguNa 'samatA' kA agale sUtra meM nirUpaNa karate hai pravaiSamya [arthAt 1. prakrama ke prabheda aura 2. sugamatva kA nAma ] 'samatA' hai| avaiSamya arthAt prakrama kA abheda 'samatA' [nAmaka arthaguNa ] hai| isa 'prakramAbheda' rUpa 'samatA' ko samajhane ke pahile usake virodhI 'prakrama-bheda' ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai / isalie pahile 'prakramAbheda' rUpa 'samatA' kA udAharaNa dene ke bajAya usake virodhI 'prakrama-bheda' kA udAharaNa athavA 'samatA' ke pratyudAharaNa kI avatAraNA karate hue vRttikAra likhate hai / kahIM krama kA bheda bhI hotA hai / jaise [ nimna zloka meM 'prakrama-bheda' pAyA jAtA hai| [isa zloka meM kavi zizira aura vasanta ko 'Rtusandhi' kA varNana kara rahA hai / zizira Rtu meM khilane vAle ] kunda [zizira ke samAptaprAya hone se ] phUlo me rahita ho gae hai, aura [ vasanta meM khilane vAle ] vRkSo meM [Rtusamdhi ke kAraNa abhI phala nikala nahIM rahe haiN| abhI unakA khilanA prArambha nahIM huyA hai ] viyogiyoM ke gherya ko nAza karane vAlA malaya pavana cala rahA hai| aura sUrya kI kiraNeM sardI ke vega ko naSTa karane lagI hai / parantu pasInA lAne vAlI tIvratA ko [abhI ] prApta nahIM huI hai| Rtu sandhi [ zizira aura vasanta kI sandhi ] kA pratipAdana karane vAle isa [ zloka ] meM dvitIya pAda meM [Nita ] malaya pavana ke [ vasanta Rtu kA ] vizeSa [dharma ] hone se [ usakA spaSTa varNana Rtu sandhi ke viparIta hone se ]

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sUtra 6 ], tRtIyAdhikaraNe dvittIyo'dhyAyaH [ 14e manasi ca giraM badhnantIme kiranti na kokilAH / iti // 5 // sugamatva vA'vaiSamyamiti / 3, 2, 6 / sukhena gamyate jJAyata ityarthaH / yathA'astyuttarasyAM dizi devatAtmA' ityAdi / yathA vA- kA svidavaguNThanavatI nAtiparisphuTalAvaNyA | madhye tapodhanAnAM kisalayamiva pANDupatrANAm / pratyudAharaNaM sulabham // 6 // prakrama-bheda [ rUpa doSa ] hai | [ prataeva yahAM 'prakramAbheda' rUpa 'samatA' zrarthaguNa ke na hone se yaha 'samatA' guNa kA pratyudAharaNa hai| isako 'samatA' guNa kA udAharaNa banAne ke lie ] dvitIya caraNa ko isa prakAra par3hanA cAhie yaha kokila mana meM bolanA cAhate hai parantu [ Rtu sandhi ke kAraNa ] abhI bAhara vyakta rUpa se bola nahIM rahe hai // 5 // isa 'samatA' guNa ke lakSaNa meM jo 'avaiSamya' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai usakI dUsarI prakAra kI vyAkhyA agale sUtra me karate haiM / athavA sugamatA [ ko ] pravaiSamya [ kahate ] hai / [ jo ] saralatA se samajha meM A jAve [ vaha sugama yA zraviSama kahalAtA hai ] yaha abhiprAya hai / jaise- 'pratyuttarasyAM dizi devatAtmA' ityAdi / prathavA jaise---- [ vRkSa ke sUkhe hue ] pIle patto ke bIca [ navIna komala ] kisalaya ke samAna [ ina rUkhe-sUkhe ] tapasviyo ke bIca ghU MghaTa vAlI [ ataeva ] jisakA saundarya spaSTa dikhAI nahIM detA aisI yaha [ zakuntalA ] kauna hai ? pratyudAharaNa [ zrarthAt sugamatA rUpa 'samatA' ke pratyudAharaNa rUpa kaThina durjJeya zloka ] sulabha hai / [ pAThaka unheM svaya samajha sakate hai| isalie yahAM nahIM dikhalAe hai ] / kAlidAsa ke 'abhijJAnazAkuntalam' nATaka ke paJcamapra meM kaNva kI zrAjJA se jaba 'zAragarava' aura 'zAradvata' zakuntalA ko lekara rAjA duSyanta ke yahA rAjasabhA meM upasthita hote hai / usa samaya avaguNThanavatI prarthAt ghU ghaTa kADha hue zakuntalA ko una tapasviyoM ke sAtha dekhakara rAjA duSyanta kI yaha ukti

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150] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 7-8 arthadRSTiH samAdhi. / 3, 2, 7 / arthasya darzanaM dRSTiH / samAdhikAraNatvAt samAdhiH / avahitaM hi cittamarthAn pazyatItyuktaM purastAt // 7 // artho dvividho'yoniranyacchAyAyonirvA / 3, 2, 8 / yasyArthasya darzanaM samAdhiH so'rtho dvividhaH / ayoniranyacchAyAyonirveti / ayonirakAraNaH / avadhAnamAtrakAraNa ityarthaH / anyasya kAvyasya chAyA'nyacchAyA tadyonirvA / tadyathA sugamatA se samajha meM prAjAne ke kAraNa 'samatA' guNa kA sundara udAharaNa hai| samajha meM sApha A jAve phasAhata isako kahate hai / pragara ho sunane vAlo para balAgata isako kahate hai // 6 // paJcama arthaguNa samAdhi' kA nirUpaNa agale sUtra meM karate haiartha [ viSayaka ] dRSTi [ vizeSa ] 'samAdhi' [ arthaguNa ] hai| artha kA darzana dRSTi [ zabda se abhipreta ] hai [ usake ] samAdhimUlaka [samAdhiHkAraNaM yasya arthAt samAdhi athavA pravadhAna jisakA kAraNa hai / isa prakAra kA bahuvrIhi samAsa ] hone se [ kArya kAraNa kA prabheda mAna kara samAdhi athavA avadhAnamUlaka arthadRSTi ko ] 'samAdhi' [kaha diyA hai| ekAgra [ samAhita avahita ] citta hI arthoM ko [ bhalI prakAra ] dekha sakatA hai [ isalie arthadRSTi pravadhAna athavA samAdhimUlapha hai isase kArya-kAraNa kA abheda mAna kara usI ko 'samAdhi' kaha diyA hai ] yaha bAta pahale kaha cuke hai // 7 // [jisa artha kA darzana 'samAdhi' kahalAtA hai vaha ] artha "ayoni' athavA 'anyacchAyAyoni' [ bheda se ] do prakAra kA hotA hai| / / jisa artha kA varzana [ jJAna ] 'samAdhi' [ nAmaka arthaguNa kahA jAtA] hai vaha artha do prakAra kA hotA hai| [eka ] ayoni aura [ dUsarA ] 'anyacchAvAyoni' / 'ayoni' arthAt akAraNa arthAt avadhAnamAtranimittaka - [arthAt kavi kisI dUsare kavi ke varNana se sphUti pA kara nahIM, apitu svaya jisa artha kA varNana karatA hai vaha 'ayoni' kahalAtA hai / isake viparIta ] dUsare [kavi ] ke kAvya kI chAyA anyacchAyA [ pada se abhipreta hai| vaha [ dUsare ke kAvya ko chAyA ] jisa kA yoni [ kAraNa hai vaha 'anyacchAyAyoni' [ dUsarA bheda ] hai /

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sUtra 8] tRtIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [151 Azvapehi mama zIdhubhAnanAd yAvadapradazanairna dazyase / candra mahazanamaNDalAGkitaH khaM na yAsyasi hi rohiNIbhayAt // mA bhaiH zazAGka mama zIdhuni nAsti rAhuH khe rohiNI vasati kAtara kiM bibheSi / prAyo / vidagdhavanitAnavasaGgameSu puMsAM manaH pracalatIti kimatra citram // . pUrvasya zlokasyArtho'yoniH / dvitIyasya ca chAyAyoniriti // 8 // jaise [prAge die hue vo udAharaNo meM se pahilA zloka kavi ko nUtana kalpanA hone se pahale arthAt ayoni bheva kA udAharaNa hai aura usake AdhAra para likhA gayA dUsarA zloka 'anyacchAyAyoni' bheva kA udAharaNa hai| [zodhubhAjana madirA pAtra meM pratibimbita ] he candra ! mere isa madirA pAtra [ ko chor3a kara yahA~ ] se jaldI bhAga jAyo / jaba taka [priyA kA yA priya kA mukha samajha kara ] maiM tumheM apane dAnto se kATa na lUM [ usake pahale hI yahAM se nikala jAno to acchA hai| nahIM to phira] mere dAMto ke cinhoM se addhita hokara [apanI priyA ] rohiNI [ ko yaha dantakSata yukta mukha kaise dikhAnoge usa ] ke bhaya se [ dubArA yahAM se lauTa kara ] AkAza ko bhI na pA skoge| yaha kavi kI apanI anUThI kalpanA hai / isako 'ayoni' artha kahate hai| isakI chAyA ko lekara dUsare kavi ne jo dUsarA zloka isI abhiprAya kA likhA hai vaha 'anyacchAyA' ke AdhAra likhA jAne se 'anyacchAyAyoni' artha kA udAharaNa hai / jaise [madirApAtra meM pratibimbita ] he candra ! aba Daro mata merI isa madirA [ pAtra ] meM rAhu nahIM baiThA hai, aura rohiNI prAkAza meM rahatI hai [ vaha bhI mere madirA pAtra meM sthita tumako dekha nahIM sakatI hai ] are kAyara phira kyoM DaratA hai / [athavA] vidagdha [ ratikeli-catura prauDhA] vanitAoM ke sAtha [ratikAlIna ] nava saGgamo ke avasara para puruSo kA mana caJcala [ bhayabhIta ] ho jAtA hai [ isalie tumhAre / isa [ Darane ] meM kyA prAzcarya kI bAta hai| [ina donoM zloko meM se ] pahale zloka kA arya [ kavi ko svayaM anUThI

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152] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 6-10 artho vyakta. sUkSmazca / 3, 2, 6 / yasyArthasya darzanaM samAdhiriti sa dvidhA, vyaktaH sUkSmazca / vyaktaH sphuTA, udAhRta eva // 4 // sUkSmaM vyAkhyAtumAha sUkSmo bhAvyo vAsanIyazca / 3, 2, 10 / sUkSmo dvidhA bhavati bhAvyo vAsanIyazca / zIghanirUpaNAgamyo bhAvyaH / ekAgratAprakarSagamyo vAsanIya iti / bhAvyo yathA anyonyasaMvalitamAMsaladantakAnti sollAsamAviralasaM valitArthatAram / lIlAgRhe pratikalaM kilakiJciteSu vyAvartamAnanayanaM mithunaM cakAsti / / kalpanA hone se ] 'ayoni hai aura dUsare kA [ zloka meM usa pUrva zloka kI chAyA kA prAzraya hone se ] 'chAyAyoni' [artha ] hai // 8 // artha [prakArAntara se ] do prakAra kA [ aura ] hotA hai / eka vyakta [sthUla, sarvajanasavedya ] aura [ dUsarA ] sUkSma [ sahRdayamAtrasaMvedha] / jisa artha kA darzana 'samAdhi' [rUpa arthaguNa kahalAtA ] hai vaha vyakta [sthUla ] aura sUkSma do prakAra kA hotA hai| vyakta spaSTa [artha ] hai| usakA udAharaNa [pUrvokta 'pAzvapehi' tathA 'mA bhaiH zazADU mAdi dono zloka ] de hI cuke hai // 6 // [dUsare prakAra ke ] sUkSma [artha ] ko vyAkhyA karane ke lie kahate haisUkSma [artha ] 'bhAvya' aura 'vAsanIya [ do prakAra kA hotA hai| sUkSma [ artha ] do prakAra kA hotA hai [eka ] 'bhAvya' aura [ dUsarA] 'vAsanIya' / sarasarI dRSTi [zIghra nirUpaNa ] se [hI ] samajha meM AjAnevAlA 'bhAvya' [ hotA ] hai / aura atyanta dhyAna dene [ ekAgratA ke prakarSa ] se sama. jhane yogya [artha ] 'vAsanIya' [hotA hai / 'bhAvya' [ kA udAharaNa ] jaise [ratikAla meM apane lolAgRha me nAyaka-nAyikA kA joDA ] eka dUsare se mizrita ho rahI hai sundara vantakAnti jisakI,[ isase paraspara sasmita saMllApa aura adharapAna Adi sUcita hote hai ] sollAsa [ isase harSa autsukya ] tathA prAviralasaM ] pAlasyayukta [ isase ratizrama pragadaurbalya sUcita hote hai ] evaM [ratikor3A kI ] pratyeka kalA para [ mAnanda se ] ardhamudrita, aura [ nAyikA ke ]

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sUtra 14 tRtIyAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 153 vAsanIyo yathAavahitthavalitanadhanaM vivatitAmimukhakucataTa sthitvA / avalokito'hamanayA dakSiNakarakalitahAralatam // 10 // uktivaicitrya mAdhuryam / 3, 2, 11 / uktavaicitryaM yattanmAdhuryamiti / yathA kilakiJcito [krodhAzruharSabhItyAdeH saGkaraH kilakiJcitam ] ke avasara para [vyAvartamAna ] eka dUsare kI ora ghUmate hue netra vAlA [ nAyaka nAyikA kA] joDA zobhita hotA hai| isa meM nAyaka nAyikA kA mithuna 'pAlambana vibhAva', lIlAgRha 'uddIpanavibhAva', adharapAna, aGgabhaGga, smita, kampa, nayanavyAvartana, bhrU bhedAdi 'anabhAva', ullasita, unmIlita, harSa, prautsukyAdi, aura 'kilakiJcita' se pAkSipta krodha, zoka, bhaya, garvAdi 'saJcArIbhAva' hai / ina 'vibhAva', 'anubhAva' aura 'saJcArI bhAva' ke sayoga se 'rati' rUpa 'sthAyIbhAva' 'sAdhAraNIkaraNa' kI prakriyA se rasika jano ke carvaNa kA viSaya banakara rasa padavI ko prApta hotA hai / yaha bhAvako kI avadhAna rUpa bhAvanA kA viSaya hone se 'bhAvya' artha kA udAharaNa hai| dAsanIya [artha kA udAharaNa ] jaise prAkAra-gopanapUrvaka ["pravahitthA prAkAraguptiH apanI donoM ] javAno ' ko milAkara, kucataToM ko sAmane kI ora karake aura dAhine hAtha se hAra-latA ko pakar3a kara usa [ nAyikA ] ne mujha ko dekhaa| isa zloka meM tumhArA sambhoga durlabha hai, merA mana tumhI meM lagA huA hai, mere duranta santApa kI zAnti me kevala yaha hAralatA hI dAkSiNya kA avalambana kara rahI hai ityAda rUpa nAyikA kA svAbhiprAya prakAzana vizeSa dhyAna dene se sahRdayo ko anubhava hotA hai isalie yaha 'vAsanIya sUkSma artha kA udAharaNa diyA hai // 10 // chaThe arthaguNa 'mAdhurya' kA nirUpaNa agale sUtra meM karate hai| ukti-vaicitrya mAdhurya [ kahalAtA hai| ukti kA jo vaicitrya hai vaha 'mAdhurya [nAmaka praryaguNa ] hai| jaise amRta [bar3A] sarasa [ susvAdu ] hai isameM koI sandeha nahIM / zahada bhI paura taraha kA[ asvAdu ] nahIM hai [ kintu madhura aura susvAdu hI hai ] |praam kA

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sUtra 1 ] caturthAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH [ 161 sUtra meM diyA huA ' anekArthaM vizeSaraNa kevala pada kA hai akSara kA nahI / kyoki pada hI anekArthaM ho sakatA hai / yamaka pada kA artha 'yamyate guNyate zrAvartyate padamakSara veti yama' / bahula graharaNa se karma me 'gha' pratyaya karake 'yama' zabda banA hai / usase svArtha meM 'ka' pratyaya karake 'yama eva yamakam' isa prakAra yamaka pada kI vyutpatti hotI hai / jisase bhinnArthaka eka athavA aneka pado kI prAvRtti kA 'yamaka' kahate hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki yadi eka athavA aneka pUre pado kI prAvRtti hotI hai to una dono kA artha avazya bhinna honA cAhie / samAnArtha pado kI zrAvRtti isa yamakAlaGkAra kA viSaya nahI hai / jahAM pUrNa pada kI prAvRtti na hokara usake kisI eka deza kI AvRtti ho usako akSara kI zrAvRtti kahA jAyagA / yaha ekadeza bhUta akSara sArthaka na hone se anarthaka haiM isalie sUtra kA pranekArthaM vizeSaraNa isa prakSara pravRtti ke sAtha saGgata nahI hotA | kevala pado ke sAtha anvita hotA hai / bhAmaha ne apane kAvyAlaGkAra me yamaka kA lakSaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai-- ' tulyazrutInA bhinnAnAmabhidheyaiH parasparam / varNAnA ya punarvAdo yamaka tannigadyate // arthAt sunane me samAna pratIta hone vAle aura artha se bhinna vargoM kI punarukti yA AvRtti ko 'yamaka' kahate hai / isa lakSaraNa me pado kI AvRtti kA ullekha nahI kiyA hai / parantu 'bhinnAnAmabhidheyaM parasparam' se pada kI pratIti ho jAtI hai / kyoki kevala varNaM sArthaka nahI hote / pada hI sArthaka hote hai / isa prakAra varNo kI AvRtti meM, AvRtta varNoM kI cAra prakAra kI sthiti hosakatI hai-- 1. jahA dono sArthaka ho / isa dazA me dono pada hoge aura unako sAmAnArthaka nahI apitu bhinnArthaka hI honA cAhie / 2 dUsarI dagA me dono anarthaka hoge / yaha pado kI nahI apitu kevala varNoM kI pravRtti kahalAvegI / 3 tIsare rUpa meM prathama zraza sArthaka aura uttara bhAga anarthaka ho sakatA hai / isameM pahilA sArthaka bhAga pada hogA aura dUsarA anarthaka bhAga pAza athavA varNa rUpa hogA / 4 cauthI sthiti me pUrvabhAga anarthaka aura uttara bhAga sArthaka ho sakatA hai / isame sArthaka uttara bhAga pada aura anarthaka pUrvabhAga padAza rUpa varNa 1 9 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 2, 17 /

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162] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra / padamanekArtha bhinnArthamekamaneka vA, tadvadakSaramAvRttaM sthAnaniyame sati yamakam / svAvRtyA sajAtIyena vA kAsnyaikadezAbhyAmanekapAdavyAptiH sthAnaniyama iti / athavA akSara kahalAvegA / isa prakAra pado athavA vargoM kI bhAvRtti ko 'yamaka' kahate hai / parantu jahA pado kI prAvRtti ho vahA una dono kI bhinnArthakatA aparihArya hai / isalie sAhityadarpaNakAra vizvanAtha ne yamaka kA lakSaNa karate hue likhA hai ' satyarthe pRthagAyA svaravyaJjanasahate. / krameNa tenaivAvRttiryamaka vinigadyate / / 'yamaka' ke lakSaNa me prAcIna bhAmaha tathA navIna vizvanAtha prAdi dono ke lakSaNo se prakRta granthakAra vAmana ke lakSaNa me yaha vizeSatA hai ki inhone apane lakSya me sthAna-niyama kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai / aura una sthAno kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana bhI kiyA hai / anya bhAmaha prAdi prAcAryoM ne isa sthAna niyama ko svaya samajha lene yogya mAna kara na usa kA ullekha apane lakSaNa me hI kiyA hai aura na usakA adhika vistAra hI kiyA hai| anekArtha arthAt bhinna artha vAlA eka pada athavA aneka pada, aura usI ke samAna [ eka athavA aneka ] akSara sthAna niyama ke hone para prAvRtta hone se 'yamaka'[nAmaka zabdAlaDAra kahalAte hai| yamaka ke prayojaka pada kI apanI vRtti , upasthiti ] se athavA [ do bhinna-bhinna pado ke aMzo se milakara eka pada jaisA pratIti hone vAle ] sajAtIya ke sAtha sampUrNa rUpa se athavA eka deza se aneka pAdoM meM vyApti ko sthAna niyama [kahA jAtA hai| [isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki prAvRtta pado kI sthiti eka pAda meM na hokara mukhyataH aneka pAdo meM honI caahie| yaha bhI vAmana kA vizeSa siddhAnta hai / parantu yadi ekapAdastha prAvRtti ko yamaka na mAnA jAya to] ' atha samAvavRte kusumairnavai-stamiva sevitumekanarAdhipam / yamakuverajalezvaravaviNA samadhura madhuraJcitavikramam / / ' sAhitya-darpaNa 10, / 2 raghuvaMza 6, 24 /

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176 ] kAvyAlaGkAravRttau vibhaktInAM vibhaktatvaM saMkhyAyAH kArakasya ca / AvRtti: suptiGantAnAM mithazca yamakAdbhutam // 16 // isalie vaha prAvRtti doSayukta ho jAya 'duSyeccet' to phira usa ko anuprAsa kA bhI udAharaNa nahI mAnanA caahie| 'na punastasya yuktAnuprAsakalpanA' / yadi usase kAvya kI zobhA kI vRddhi hotI ho to vaha yamaka hI ho sakatA hai / parantu jaba vaha yamakasadRza hone para bhI pratimAtrA meM prayukta hone se doSAdhAyaka ho gayA hai, taba vaha anuprAsa rUpa alaGkAra bhI nahI ho sakatA hai, yaha granthakAra kA abhiprAya hai / subanta athavA tiGanta [ pado kI ] kI alaga-alaga athavA milakara bhI [ aisI ] zrAvRti jisameM vibhaktiyoM, saMkhyA [ vacana ] aura kArako kA bheda ho usako 'yamakAdbhuta' [ zrathavA 'adbhuta yamaka' alaGkAra ] kahate hai // 16 // inake krama se udAharaNa isa prakAra ho sakate hai - vizvapramAtrA bhavatA jaganti, [ sUtra 7 vyAptAni mAtrApi na muJcati tvAm / vizva ke pramAtA bhrApase sAre jagat vyApta hai / usakA koI bhI aza prApa se rahita nahI hai / isa udAharaNa meM 'vizvapramAtrA' aura 'mAtrApi' ina dono me 'mAtrA' isa aza kI prAvRtti hone se yaha 'yamakAdbhuta' kA udAharaNa hotA hai / isI prakAra -- etAH sannAbhayo bAlA yAsA sannAbhaya. priya I isa udAharaNa me 'sannAbhaya' isa pada kI pravRtti hai / parantu pahalI jagaha 'etAH sannAbhayo bAlA.' me 'sannAbhaya' pada bahuvacanAnta 'etAH bAlA ' kA vizeSa hai / aura dUsarI jagaha 'sannAbhaya' pada, ekavacanAnta 'priya' kA vizeSaraNa hai / dono pado me prathamA vibhakti hI hone se yaha vibhakti bheda kA nahI apitu sakhyAbheda rahate hue pada kI prAvRtti kA udAharaNa hai / 'sannAbhaya bAlAH' me 'sannAbhaya.' kA artha sundara nAbhi vAlI bAlAe hai / isI prakAra - prAptaguNaH prabhAve, bhAsate'yam / yatastata yatastatazcetasi

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caturthAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAya zeSa sarUpo'nuprAsa / 1, 1, 8 / padamekArtha manekArthaM ca sthAnAniyataM tadvidhamacaraM ca zeSaH / sarUpo'nyena prayuktena tulyarUpo'nuprAsaH / sUtra 8 ] [ 177 isa udAharaNa me 'yatastata. ' pada kI pravRtti hai / yaha pada sArvavibhaktika 'si' pratyaya karake banA hai| isameM pahalI jagaha paJcamyartha me aura dUsarI jagaha saptamyarthaM meM 'tasi' pratyaya huA hai| isalie yaha 'kAraka bheda' kA udAharaNa hai sAkSAt vibhakti kA prayoga na hokara ' tasil' pratyaya ke dvArA prayoga hone se vibhakti - bheda kA udAharaNa nahI hai / isI prakAra ---- sarati sarati kAntaste lalAmo lalAma, / yaha subanta ra tiGanta pado kI mizrita prAvRtti kA udAharaNa hai / isame 'sarati sarati' tathA 'lalAmo lalAma' pado kI prAvRtti hai / iname 'sarati sarati' pado meM se eka 'sarati' pada zatRpratyayAnta 'sarat' zabda kA saptamyanta yA sati saptamI kA rUpa hai aura dUsarA tiDanta kA laT lakAra kA rUpa hone se subanta aura tiDanta kI mitha zrAvRtti kA udAharaNa hai / isI prakAra 'lalAmo lalAma me eka 'lalAma . ' pada prathamA kA ekavacana aura dUsarA laT lakAra ke uttama puruSa kA vahuvacana hone se yaha bhI subanta tathA tiGanta pado kI mitha zrAvRtti kA udAharaNa hai / ina udAharaNo me yadi kevala vibhaktivipariNAmamAtra mAne to Upara diye hue zloka ke anusAra yamakatva kI hAni mAnanI hogI / parantu kevala vibhakti vipariNAma na mAna kara prakRti kA bhI bheda mAnate hai to yamakAdbhuta alaGkAra hotA hai / yaha yamakatvahAni aura yamakAdbhuta kA bheda samajhanA cAhiye // 7 // isa prakAra yamaka kA nirUpaNa kara cukane ke bAda dUsare zabdAlaGkAra kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate hai / [ yamaka se bhinna ] anya sArUpya ko 'anuprAsa' kahate hai / yamaka meM sthAna niyata hotA hai / aura prAvRtta pado meM bhinnArthakatA anivArya hotI hai / imalie zeSa anuprAsa se tAtparya aniyata sthAna tathA ekArtha athavA anekArthaka pado kI pravRtti se hai / isI ko vRttikAra kahate haiM / ekArthaka aura anekArthaka [ dono prakAra ke ] aura aniyata sthAna vAle pada tathA usI prakAra ke praniyata sthAna vAle prakSara zeSa [ pada se abhi

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178 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra nanu ca 'zeSo'nuprAsaH' ityetAvadeva sUtraM kasmAnna kRtam / AvRttizeSo'nuprAsa ityeva hi vyAkhyAsyate / satyam / siddhatyevA vRttizeSe ki tvvyaaptiprsnggH| vizeSArtha ca sarUpa-grahaNama / kAsnyenaivAvRniH kAtsnyaikadezAbhyAM tu sArUpyamiti ||8|| preta ] hai / [ isa prakAra jo zeSa ] sarUpa [ arthAt ] anya prayukta [ hue pada] ke tulya rUpa [ pada ko ] anuprAsa kahA jAtA hai| [arthAt ekArya athavA anekArtha sthAnAniyata pada ke anya prayukta hue pada ke sAtha sAvRzya athavA prAvRtti ko 'anuprAsa' kahate hai| yaha 'anuprAsa' kA lakSaNa huA | [prazna ] 'zeSo'nuprAsaH' itanA hI sUtra kyoM nahIM bnaayaa| [ yamaka se bhinna ] zeSa [anya prakAra kI prAvRtti ko 'anuprAsa' kahate hai / yaha isa prakAra kI usa sUtra kI vyAkhyA ho jaavegii| [uttara] bhApakA kathana ThIka hai / prAvRtti zeSa anuprAsa hotA hai [ yaha lakSaNa ] bana hI sakatA hai| kintu [ utanA lakSaNa rakhane se ] anyApti kI sambhAcanA ho sakatI hai| [isalie ] vizeSa [ rUpa se avyApti doSa rahita anuprAsa kA lakSaNa karane ke lie [ sUtra meM ] 'sarUpa pada kA grahaNa kiyA hai| [isa sarUpa pada ke grahaNa karane se bheda yaha ho jAtA hai ki yamaka meM abhipreta prAvRtti svaravyaJjana saMghAta kI sampUrNa rUpa se 'prAvRtti hotI hai aura anuprAsa meM svaravyaJjana saMghAta rUpa] sampUrNa athavA ekadeza [ dono prakAra se sArUpya ho sakatA hai| isakA abhiprAya yaha huA ki yamaka me pUrNa rUpa se svara-vyaJjanasaGghAta kI AvRtti Avazyaka hai| parantu anuprAsa me svarabheda hone para bhI kevala vyaJjana kI bhI prAvRtti ho sakatI hai / yahI yamaka aura anuprAsa kA bheda hai / isI lie zrI vizvanAtha ne apane sAhityadarpaNa me ina dono ke lakSaNa isa prakAra kie hai - ' satyarthe pRthagAyA. svaravyaJjanasahate. / krameNa tenaivAvRttiyaMmakaM vinigadyate // arthAt sArthaka hone para bhinnArthaka svaravyaJjanasaGghAta kI usI krama se pAvRtti ko 'yamaka' kahate hai| isake viparIta 3 anuprAsaH zabdasAmya vaiSamye'pi svarasya yat / svara kA bheda hone para zabda kA sAmyamAtra anuprAsa kahalAtA hai // 8 // - ' sAhityadarpaNa 10, 8 / 2 sAhityadarpaNa 10,7 /

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sUtra 3] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [161 tasyA upamAyA dvaividhya, padavAkyArthavRttibhedAt / ekA padArthavRttiH, anyA vAkyAvRttiriti / padArthavRtciryathA haritatanuSu babhrutvagvimuktAsu yAsAM kanakakaNasadharmA mAnmatho romabhedaH // 5 // vAkyArthavRttiryathApANDyo'yamaMsArpitalambahAraH klRptAGgarAgo haricandanena / AbhAti bAlAtaparaktasAnuH sanijharodgAra ivAdrirAnaH // 6 // 3 // usa upamA ke do prakAra hote hai / pada [padArtha ] aura vAkya ke artha meM rahane ke bheda se [arthAt ] eka padArtha meM rahane vAlI [padArthavRtti ] aura dUsarI vAkyArtha meM rahane vAlI [ vAkyArthavRtti ] hotI hai / [ unameM se ] padArthavRtti [upamA kA udAharaNa ] jaise [ nimna likhita zloka meM hai] jinakA maTalI khAla se rahita harita dehoM para svarNakaNa ke samAna manmaya sambandhI romAJca [ romabheda dikhAI detA ] hai // 5 // vAkyArtha vRtti [ upamA kA udAharaNa ] jaise kandhe para lambA hAra dhAraNa kie aura lAla candana kA aGgarAga lagAe yaha pANDaya [ deza kA rAnA] prAMta kAlIna [ lAla-lAla ] bAlAtapa se rakta zikhara vAle aura jharane ke pravAha se yukta parvatarAja ke samAna suzobhita ho isa udAharaNa meM pANDava deza ke rAjA kI upamA kAlidAsa ne adrirAja se dI hai / parantu vaha kevala pANDya aura advirAja kA hI upameya upamAna bhAva nahIM hai, apitu pANDaya ke sAtha 'prasArpitalambahAra' aura 'haricandanena klRptADrAga.' yaha do vizeSaNa jur3e hue hai / isalie usake sAmya ko pUrNa karane ke lie pradrirAja rUpa upamAna meM bhI 'bAlAtaparaktasAnu' aura 'sani:rodgAra' yaha do vizeSaNa joDe gae haiM / anyathA una dono kA upamAnopameya bhAva apUrNa hI rahatA / isa prakAra aneka pado meM vyApta aneka pado meM pUrNa hone ke kAraNa 'vAkyArthavRtti' upamA kahalAtI hai / isake viparIta prathama udAharaNa meM upamA kA sambandha itanA vyApaka nahIM hai / vaha kevala kanakakaNasadharmA romabheda.' meM samApta . ho gaI hai / isalie vaha vAkyArthavRtti nahI apitu padArthavRtti' upamA kA udAharaNa hai / yadyapi upamA meM upamAna, upameya, sAdRzya aura upamA vAcaka ivAdi pado kI sthiti Avazyaka hone se usakA sambandha aneka pado se hotA

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192] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 4 sA pUrNA luptA ca / 4, 2, 4 / / sA upamA pUrNA luptA ca bhavati // 4 // guNadyotakopamAnopameyazabdAnAM sAmagrye pUrNA / 4, 2, 5 / guNAdizabdAnAM sAmadhye sAkalye pUrNA / yathA kamalamiva mukha manojJametat / / 7 // iti // 5 // hI hai / vaha kevala eka pada me samApta nahI ho sakatI hai / phira bhI yaha umAna upameyAdi aneka pada mila kara bhI pUrNa vAkya nahI hote hai / isalie isa prakAra kI upamA ko padArthavRtti' upamA hI kahA hai / jahA~ yaha saba milakara pUrA vAkya bana jAtA hai vahA upamA ko 'vAkyArthavRtti' upamA kahA jAtA hai / isI se 'pANDayo'yamasApitalambahAra.' ityAdi zloka meM vAkyArthavRtti upamA hai // 3 // ___pahile upamA ke 'laukikI' aura 'kalpitA' yaha do bheda kie the| usake bAda prakArAntara se usake 'padArthavRtti' aura 'vAkyArthavRtti' yaha do bheda kie hai| isake bAda tIsare prakAra se upamA ke 'pUrNA' aura 'luptA' upamA isa prakAra ke do bheda karate hai / vAmana ke pahile dono prakAro ko uttaravartI prAcAryoM ne vizeSa mahatva nahI diyA hai / parantu isa 'pUrNA' aura 'luptA' upamA vAle bheda ko uttaravartI pAlaGkArika prAcAryoM ne apanAyA hai / vaha [ upamA ] pUrNA aura luptA [ do prakAra ko ] hotI hai| vaha upamA pUrNA aura luptA [ bheda se do prakAra kA ] hotI hai // 4 // 1 guNa [arthAt upamAna upameya kA sAdhAraNa dharma ], 2. dyotaka [arthAt upamA kA dyotaka ivAdi zabda ], 3. upamAna [candra Adi ] aura 4. upameya [ mukhAdi, ina cAro ke vAcaka zabdo ke pUrNa [ rUpa se upasthita ] hone para pUrNA [ upamA ] hotI hai / guNAdi [1. sAdhAraNa dharma, upamAvAcaka ivAdi zabda, 3. upamAna aura 4. upameya ina cAro ke vAcaka ] zabdo ke pUrNa [ rUpa se upasthita ] hone para 'pUrNA [ upamA hotI ] hai| jaise yaha mukha kamala ke samAna sundara hai| isa udAharaNa meM 1 'kamala' 'upamAna', 2. mukha" upameya', 3. 'manojJa' yaha ina dono kA 'sAdhAraNa dharma', tathA 4. 'iva' yaha upamA 'vAcaka' pada hai| ina cAro ke upasthita hone se yaha 'pUrNopamA' kA udAharaNa hai // 5 //

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206] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI - [sUtra 10 sUryAzusammIlitalocaneSu dIneSu padmAnilanirmadeSu / / sAdhvyaH svageheSviva bhata hInAH kekA vinezuH zikhinAM mukheSa // atra bahutvamupameyadharmANAmupamAnAt / na, viziSTAnAmeva mukhAnAmupameyatvAt / tAdRzeSveva kekAvinAzasya sambhavAt // 10 // isI prakAra varSA Rtu ke bIta jAne para moro kI kekA dhvani unake mukho meM hI lIna ho gii| isI bAta ko kavi kahatA hai [zarad Rtu me ] sUrya kI kiraNoM [ ke asahya hone ] se muMdI huI prAMkhoM vAle aura kamalo [ ko sparza karake prAne vAlI zaratkAla ] kI vAyu se mada rahita [ataeva ] dIna mayUroM ke mukho meM [ unakI ] kekA [dhvani ] isa prakAra lupta [Na pradarzane ] ho gaI jaise bhartR vihInA pativratA striyAM apane gharoM meM hI lIna ho jAtI hai [bAhara nahIM nikltii| isI prakAra moroM kI kekA dhvani unake mukho meM hI lIna ho gaI bAhara nahIM nikala rahI hai| [zaGkA] isa [ 'sAdhvyaH svageheSviva bhartR honA' ] meM upamAna ko apekSA upameya ke dharmoM kA bahutva [1. sUryAzusammIlitalocaneSa, 2. 'padmAnilanirmaveSu' aura 3 'dIneSu' ina tIna vizeSaNa yukta hone se ] hai| [arthAt upamAna meM dharmanyUnatA hone se isako bhI 'hInatva' doSa prasta mAnanA caahie| uttara-pranthakAra isa prazna kA uttara dete hai] yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai| [ yahA tIno vizeSaNo se viziSTa mukho kA hI upameyatva hai / usI prakAra ke [ 'sUryAMzusammIlitalocaneSu' prAdi tInoM vizeSaNo se yukta ] mukho meM kekA dhvani kA vinAza sambhava hone se [ yaha doSa nahIM hai / granthakAra kA yaha samAdhAna prasaGgata sA pratIta hotA hai / praznakartA ne bhI yahI kahA thA ki yahA upameya aneka dharmo se viziSTa hai parantu upamAna una dharmoM se viziSTa nahIM hai isalie upamAna me dharmanyUnatA hone ke kAraNa yahA doSa mAnanA cAhie / samAdhAna karate samaya yaha dikhalAnA cAhie thA ki upamAna bhI una dharmoM se yukta hai isalie koI doSa nahI hai / arthAt upameya ke jo tIna vizeSaNa diye ga hai unako upamAna pakSa me bhI lagAne kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA tava to isakA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| parantu granthakAra usa mArga kA avalambana na karake kucha aura hI bAta kaha rahe hai / yaha to 'mAmrAn

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sUtra 11] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [207 tenAdhikatva vyAkhyAtam / 4, 2, 11 / / tena hInatvenAdhikatvaM vyAkhyAtam / jAtipramANadharmAdhikyamadhikatvamiti / nAtyAdhikyarUpamadhikatvaM yathA vizantu viSTayaH zIghra rudraa| iva mahaujasaH / pramANAdhikyarUpaM yathA pAtAlamiva nAbhiste stanau kSitidharopamau / veNIdaNDaH punaraya kAlindIpAtasannibhaH // pRSTa kovidArAnAcaSTe' ke samAna bAta huI / isalie yaha uttara ThIka nahI hai // 10 // upamAgata hInatva doSa kI vyAkhyA kara cukane ke bAda granthakAra dUsare upamAdoSa 'adhikatva' kA nirUpaNa agale sUtra meM karate hai isa [ hInatva doSa kI vyAkhyA] se adhikatva [ doSa ] ko vyAkhyA [bhI ] ho gaI [ samajhanA caahie| ___ usa honatva [ kI vyAkhyA se prAdhakatva kI vyAkhyA ho gii| [arthAt jaise hInatva tIna prakAra kA hotA hai isI prakAra ] nAti, pramANa aura dharma ke [upameya kI apekSA upamAna meM adhika hone para adhikatva [doSa ] hotA hai / jAtyAdhikya rUpa adhikatva [kA udAharaNa] jaise rukha [ziva ] ke samAna mahAparAkramI kahAra ["viSTiH kAro karmakareM iti vaijayantI] zIghra bhItara A jaaveN| yahA~ 'kahAra' upameya hai 'rudra' upamAna hai / 'mahaujasatva' sAdhAraNa dharma tathA 'iva' upamA vAcaka zabda hai| ina cAro ke vidyamAna hone se yaha pUrNopamA hai| isameM 'upamAnabhUta rudra' meM 'upameyabhUta kahAra' kI apekSA jAtigata prAdhikya hone se 'adhikatva' doSa hai / yo to upamAna meM upameya kI apekSA prAdhikya hotA hI hai parantu vaha maryAdA se adhika nahIM honA caahie| ziva se kahAra kI upamA dene meM maryAdA kA pratikramaNa kara diyA gayA hai| isalie doSa hai| pramANAdhikya rUpa [adhikatva doSa kA udAharaNa ] jaisetumhArI nAbhi pAtAla ke samAna [gaharI ], stana pahAr3a ke samAna

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208 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau dharmAdhikyarUpaM yathA sarazmi caJcalaM cakraM dadhad devo vyarAjata / savADavAgniH sAvartaH srotasAmiva nAyakaH // savADavAgnirityasyopameye'bhAvAd dharmAdhikyamiti / * [ sUtra 11 [ U~ce ] aura yaha veNI daNDa [ kezapAza ] yamunA kI dhArA ke samAna [ kAle ] hai / [ ina tInoM upamAnoM meM upamAna meM parimANagata Adhikya hai / pAtAla se nAbhi kI, aura parvata se stana kI upamA denA atyanta prasaGgata hai / isalie upamAna meM maryAdA ko atikramaNa karane vAlA parimANagata prAdhikya hone ke kAraNa 'adhikatva' rUpa upamA- doSa hai ] / dharmAdhikya rUpa [ zradhikatva doSa kA udAharaNa ] jaise razmiyo se yukta caJcala cakra ko dhAraNa kie viSNu, vaDavAnala aura [ zrAvarta ] bhaMvara se yukta [ nadIpati ] samudra ke samAna suzobhita hue / isame 'viSNu' upameya aura 'samudra' upamAna hai| viSNu cakra ko dhAraNa kie haiM, aura samudra prAvarta yukta hai / catra ke do vizeSaraNa 'sarazmi' aura 'caJcala' upameya pakSa meM hai / para upamAna pakSa me kevala 'savADavAgni' eka vizeSaNa hai vaha bhI cakra sthAnIya 'prAvarta' kA nahI apitu svayaM upamAnabhUta samudra kA / isalie vAstava meM yahA~ upamAnagata dharma kI nyUnatA pratIta hotI hai / parantu granthakAra ne ise upamAnagata dharmAdhikya kA udAharaNa diyA hai| usakI saGgati isa prakAra lagatI hai ki upameya pakSa me 'sarazmi' tathA 'caJcala' yaha dono vizeSaraNa kevala cakra ke hai / mukhya upameyabhUta deva kA kevala eka vizeSaNa hai / parantu upamAna pakSa meM mukhya upamAnabhUta samudra ke do vizeSaNa hai / iname se upamAna ke prAvarta ke sthAna para upameya pakSa meM cakra hai / parantu upamAna ke dUsare vizeSaraNa 'savADavAgni' ke sthAna para upameya pakSa meM koI dharma dikhAI nahI deta / / isalie yaha upamAnagata dharmAdhikya kA udAharaNa ho sakatA hai / isI bAta ko vRttikAra spaSTa karate hai / savADavAgni isa [ upamAnagata dharma ke samakakSa kisI dharma ] ke upameya [ deva pakSa ] meM na hone se [ upamAna meM ] dharma kA prAdhikya hai / [ zrataeva yahA~ 'praSikatva' rUpa upamA doSa vidyamAna hai ] /

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sUtra 11] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [206 __ anayordoSayoviparyayAkhyasya doSasyAntamovAnna pRthagupAdAnam / ata evAsmAkaM mate SaD doSA iti // 11 // isa prakAra granthakAra ne 'hInatva' aura 'adhikatva' dopa ko yaha vyAkhyA kI hai ki upamAna ko jAti, pramANa aura dharmagata nyUnatA hone para 'hInatva' tathA adhikatA hone para adhikatva' doSa hotA hai| arthAt 'hInatva' tathA 'adhikatva' dono jagaha upamAna me hI dharma Adi kI nyUnatA yA adhikatA ginI gaI hai| upameyagata hInatA yA adhikatA kA vicAra nahI kiyA gayA hai| isase kisI ke mana meM yaha zaGkA ho sakatI hai ki upameyagata hInatva aura adhikatva ke AdhAra para hI do doSa aura bhI mAnane caahie| isa prakAra upamA doSo kI sakhyA 6 ke sthAna para pATha ho jAnI caahie| isa zaGkA kA samAdhAna granthakAra agalI pakti meM yaha karate hai ki upamAna kI adhikatA tabhI hogI java upameya me hInatA ho| isI prakAra upamAna me hInatA tabhI hogI jaba upameya meM prAdhikya ho| isalie upamAnagata hInatA aura adhikatA meM hI upameyagata hInatA aura adhikatA kA antarbhAva ho jAne se usake pratipAdana ke lie alaga doSa dikhalAne kI AvazyakatA nahI hai aura upamA ke cha doSa mAnanA hI ucita hai / pATha doSa mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahI hai| isI bAta ko vRtti meM kahate hai| ina dono doSo ke viparyaya [arthAt upameyagata hInatva tathA upameyagata adhikatva ] nAmaka doSa kA inhIM [ upamAnagata hInatva tathA aSikatva ] meM antarbhAva ho jAne se alaga grahaNa [ pratipAdana] karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isalie hamAre mata meM [Upara ginAe hue ] chaH [hI upamA ke ] doSa hai [adhika nhiiN| isa prakAra vAmana ne hInatva aura adhikatva nAma se jo upamA ke dopa pratipAdana kie hai unako vAmana ke uttaravartI prAcArya vizvanAtha Adi alaga mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhate hai| vizvanAtha ne ina dono doSo kA antarbhAva anucitArthatA' doSa meM kara liyA hai| isalie na kevala ina dono kA apitu asAdRzya tathA asambhava doSo kA bhI anucitArthatva doSa meM antarbhAva karate hue vaha likhate hai "upamAyAmasAdRzyAsambhavayo, jAtipramANagatanyUnatvAdhikatvayo, arthAntaranyAse utpreSitArthasamarthane cAnucitArthatvam / " // 11 // 'sAhityadarpaNa 7-16 //

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21.] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtI [12-13 upamAnopameyayoliGgavyatyAso liGgabheda. / 4, 2, 12 / ___ upamAnasyopameyasya ca liGgayoya'tyAso viparyayo liGgabhedaH / yathA senyAni nadya iva jagmuranagailAni // 12 // : STa: punnapu sakayo prAyeNa / 4, 2, 13 / isa prakAra hInatva tathA adhikatva ina do prakAra ke upamA-doSo kA nirUpaNa karane ke bAda granthakAra liGgabheda rUpa tRtIya upamA-doSa kA pratipAdana agale sUtra meM karate hai| upamAna aura upameya ke liGga kA parivartana liGgabheda [ doSa ] hai| upamAna aura upameya ke liGga kA parivartana badala jAnA liGgabheda [upamA-boSa kahalAtA hai| jaise senAeM nadiyo ke samAna abAdhita rUpa se calane lgiiN| isa udAharaNa meM 'sainyAni' upameya hai aura 'nadya' upamAna hai / 'anargala gamana' unakA sAdhAraNa dharma hai aura 'iva' upamAvAcaka zabda hai| ina cAro ke hone se yaha pUrNopamA kA udAharaNa hai parantu isame upameya rUpa 'sainyAni' pada napuMsakaliGga kA aura upamAnabhUta 'nadya' pada strIliGga kA hai| isa liGgabheda ho jAne ke kAraNa yahA~ liGgabheda' nAmaka upamA-doSa ho jAtA hai // 12 // isa prakAra liGgabheda doSa kA sAdhAraNa nirUpaNa kiyaa| parantu kahI. kahI isakA apavAda bhI pAyA jAtA hai arthAt isa prakAra kA liGgabheda hone para bhI doSa nahI mAnA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke apavAdo ko agale do sUtro meM dikhalAte hai| puliGga aura napuMsaka liGga kA [ liGga viparyaya ] prAyaH iSTa hotA hai| [arthAt upamAna aura upameya meM se eka puliGga ho aura dUsarA napuMsaka liGga ho isa prakAra kA liGgabheda prAyaH iSTa hotA hai arthAta doSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai|

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sUtra 14] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [211 punnapusakayorupamAnopameyayoliGgabhedaHprAyeNa bAhulyeneSTaH / yathA 'candramiva mukhaM pazyati' iti / 'induriva mukhaM bhAti', evamprAyantu necchanti // 13 // laukikyAM samAsAbhihitAyAmupamAprapaJce / 4, 2, 14 / laukikyAmupamAyAM samAsAnihitAyAmupamAyAmupamAprapance ceSTo liGgabhedaH prAyeNeti / laukikyAM yathA 'chAyeva sa tasyAH', 'puruSa iva strI' iti| puliGga aura napusaka liGga upamAna aura upameya kA liGgabheda bahudhA iSTa hotA [ doSa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| jaise 'candramiva khaM pazyati'-candramA ke samAna mukha ko dekhatA hai| yahAM [ upamAnabhUta 'candra' zabda puliGga hai aura upameyabhUta mukha zabda napusaka liGga hai| aisA liGgabheda hone para bhI kaviyo meM isa prakAra kA bahula prayoga hone ke kAraNa usako doSa nahIM mAnA jaataa| usa prakAra kA prayoga kaviyo ko iSTa hai parantu usI ke AdhAra para 'induriva mukham' isa prakAra ke prayoga ko prAyaH [ kavi gaNa] pasanda nahIM karate hai| [isameM bhI 'indu' zabda puliGga aura 'mukham zabda napuMsaka liGga hai| parantu isa prayoga ko kavigaNa nahIM pasanda karate hai| isaliye isameM liGgabheda doSa hogaa| isI ke bodhana ke lie apavAda sUtra meM 'prAyeNa pada kA grahaNa kiyA hai] // 13 // isI prakAra liGgabheda dopa ke aura bhI apavAda agale sUtra me dikhalAte hai| 1. laukikI [ upamA ] meM, 2. samAsAbhihita [ upamA ] meM aura 3 upamA ke [prativastUpamA prAdi anya ] bhedo meM [ bhI liGgabheda iSTa hai| doSa nahIM hotA hai / laukiko upamA meM, samAsAbhihita upamA.meM aura upamA ke [prativastUpamA Adi ] bhedo meM liGgabheda prAyaH iSTa hotA hai / [doSa nahIM hotaa| jaise laukiko [ upamA ] meM 'sa tasyAH chAyA iva' vaha [puruSa ] usa [strI] kI chAyA ke samAna hai| [ isameM upameya 'sa' pulliGga aura upamAnabhUta 'chAyA' strIliGga hai| parantu yaha liGgabheda doSa nahIM mAnA jaataa| [athavA isI kA dUsarA udAharaNa jaise yaha ] strI puruSa ke samAna hai| [yahA~ upameya 'strI' strI

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212] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 14 samAsAbhihitAyAM yathA-'bhujalatA nIlotpalasarazI' iti / upamAprapance yathA zuddhAntadurlabhamidaM vapurAzramavAsino yadi janasya / dUrIkRtAH khalu guNairudyAnalatA vanalatAmiH // evamanyadapi prayogajAtaM draSTavyam // 14 // liGga meM aura upamAna puruSa puliGga meM hai| parantu yahA~ bhI liGgabheda ko doSa nahI mAnA jAtA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki loka meM isa prakAra ke prayoga ke pracura mAtrA meM pAe jAne se isa prakAra ke prayoga ko iSTa hI mAnanA par3atA hai| samAsAbhihita [ upamA ] meM [ liGgabheda kI aghoSatA kA udAharaNa ] jaise--'bhujalatA nIlotpalasadRzI' [isa udAharaNa meM upameya 'bhujalatA' strIliGga hai aura upamAnabhUta 'nIlotpala' napusakaliGga hai / parantu 'nIlotpalasadRzI' isa samAsa meM A jAne se nIlotpala kA napusakatva daba jAtA hai isalie vaha doSa bAdhaka nahIM rahatA hai / upamA ke [ prativastUpamA prAdi bhedoM meM liGgabheva ko zradoSatA kA udAharaNa ] jaise mahalo meM bhI durlabha yaha zarIra yadi prAzramavAsI [ isa zakuntalA rUpa] jana kA ho sakatA hai [ yadi eka tapasvinI vanavAsinI ko bhI rAniyo se bar3ha kara isa prakAra kA alaukika deha-saundarya prApta ho sakatA hai ] to [nizcaya ho ] vana ko [ jaMgalI ] latAoM se udyAna kI latAe~ tiraskRta ho gii| kAlidAsa ke zakuntalA nATaka me zakuntalA ko dekhakara yaha rAjA duSyanta kI ukti hai| isameM 'prativastUpamA' alaGkAra hai / 'prativastUpamA' kA lakSaNa vizvanAtha ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : 'prativastUpamA sA syAd vaakyyorgmysaamyyo.| eko'pi dharma. sAmAnyo yatra nirdizyate pRthak / / isa prakAra [prativastUpamA ke udAharaNabhUta ] anya prayoga bhI samajha lene cAhieM // 14 // isa prakAra liGgabheda aura usake apavAda sthalo ko dikhalAne ke bAda granthakAra caturtha upamAdoSa 'vacanabheda' kI vyAkhyA agale sUtra meM karate hai / 'sAhityadarpaNa 10,50 /

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sUtra 15-16 } caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [213 tena vacanabhedo vyAkhyAtaH / 4, 2, 15 / tena liGgabhedena vacanabhedo vyAkhyAtaH / yathApAsyAmi locane tasyAH puSpaM madhuliho yathA // 15 // apratItaguNasAdRzyamasAdRzyam / 4, 2, 16 / apratItaireva guNairyata sAdRzyaM tadapratItaguNasAdRzyam / yathA prathanAmi kAvyazazinaM vitatArtharazmim / kAvyasya zazinA saha yat sAdRzyaM tadapratItaireva guNairiti / usa [ liGgabheda rUpa doSa ke nirUpaNa ] se vacanabheda [ rUpa upamAdoSa ] ko vyAkhyA [ bhI ] ho gii| usa liGgabheda se vacanabheda ko vyAkhyA [ bhI ] ho gaI [athAt upamAna aura upameya meM yadi vacana kA bheda ho to vahAM vacanabheda nAmaka upamAdoSa hotA hai ] / jaise bhauMro ke samAna usa [ nAyikA ] ke netro kA [pAna ] cumbana kruugaa| yahA~ 'pAsyAmi' pada se upameya meM ekavacana sUcita hotA hai parantu upamAnabhUta 'madhuliha.' pada bahuvacanAnta hai| isalie upameya meM ekavacana tathA upamAna me bahuvacana hone se yahA vacanabheda nAmaka upamA-doSa hotA hai // 15 // agale sUtra meM 'prasAdRzya' rUpa paJcama upamAdoSa kA nirUpaNa karate hai [loka meM] pratIta na hone vAle guNo se sAdRzya [ dikhalAnA] asAdRzya [ rUpa upamA-doSa ] hai| pratIta na hone vAle guNo se hI josAdRzya dikhalAyA jAve vaha apratItaguNasAdRzya [ pada kA artha huA aura ] asAdRzya [nAmaka upamAdoSa kahalAtA] hai| jaise phailI huI artha rUpa razmiyo se yukta kAvya [ rUpa ] candramA ko grathita karatA [ banAtA-nirmANa karatA hai| [isa udAharaNa meM ] kAvya kA candramA ke sAtha jo sAdRzya [ dikhalAyA gayA hai vaha anubhava meM na pAne vAle [apratItaireva ] guNo se ho [ dikhalAyA gayA ] hai isalie [ yahAM prasAdRzya rUpa upamA-doSa hai ]

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214] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 17 nanu cArthAnAM razmitulyatve sati kAvyasya zazitulyatvaM bhaviSyati / naivam / kAvyasya zazitulyatve siddhe'rthAnAM razmitulyatvaM siddhayati / na hyAnAM razmInAM ca kazcit sAdRzyahetuH pratIto guNo'sti / tadevamitaretarAzrayadoSo duruttara iti / / 16 / / asAdRzyahatA hya pamA tanniSThAzca kavayaH / 4, 2, 17 / asAdRzyena hatA asAhazyahatA upmaa| tanniSThA, upamAniSThAzca kavayaH iti // 17 // [prazna ] artha meM razmitulyatA mAna lene para [usa pratIta sAdRzya ke prAdhAra para ] kAvya meM zazitulyatA ho jAvegI [ataH doSa nahIM rhegaa| [uttara] ApakA yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai [ kyoMki artha meM razmitulyatA-razmi-sAdRzya bhI to apratIta hai| usa artha ke razmi ke sAtha sAdRzya kA upAdAna karane ke lie Apa yaha kahoge ki ] kAvya kI zazitulyatA siddha ho jAne para arthoM kI razmitulyatA siddha ho jAvegI [ isa prakAra to anyonyAzraya doSa hogaa| kAvya meM zazitulyatA hone para arthoM kI razmitulyatA hogI aura artho kI razmitulyatA siddha hone para kAvya kI zazitulyatA hogii| yaha anyonyAzraya doSa ho jaavegaa| kyoki artho aura razmiyo ke sAdRzya kA koI hetu rUpa guNa pratIta nahIM hotA hai / isalie [ jisa zailI se prApa kAvya kA zazi ke sAtha sAdRzya kA upapAdana karanA cAhate hai usameM ] anyonyAzraya doSa kA samAdhAna nahI ho sakatA hai| [ataeva isa udAharaNa meM prasAdRzya rUpa upamA doSa hai|] // 16 // ___ upamA alaGkAra kA jIvana hI sAdRzya para avalambita hai / sAdRzya hI upamA kA sAra hai| isalie yadi upamA meM bhI sAdRzya kA yathocita nirvAha na kiyA jAya to sAdRvyavihIna upamA hI kahA rahatI hai| isa prakAra asAdRzyamalaka upamA bhI nahI banatI aura usakA avalambana karane vAle kavi kA bhI gaurava naSTa hotA hai / isa vAta ko granthakAra agale sUtra meM dikhalAte hai --- sAdRzya ke prabhAva meM upamA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura usa [ sAdRzyavihIna upamA ] meM lage hue [ usa prakAra ko sAdRzyavihIna upamA kA prayoga

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caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 215 upamAnAdhikyAt tadapoha ityeke / 4, 2, 18 / upamAnAdhikyAt tasyA'sAdRzyasyA'poha ityeke manyante / yathAkarpUrahAraharahAsasitaM yazaste / sUtra 18 ] karane vAle ] kavi bhI mAre jAte hai [ yaza aura pratiSThA se vaJcita rahate haiM ] // 17 // isa prakAra ke asAdRzya doSa ke nivAraNa ke lie kucha loga yaha kahate hai ki jahA eka upamAna se sAdRzya pratIta nahI hotA hai vahA yadi aneka upamAna rakha die jAveM to vaha pratIta na hone vAlA sAdRzya sphuTa rUpa se pratIta hone lagatA hai aura vaha asAdRzya doSa nahI rahatA / jaise--yaza kI upamA koI karpUra se de to zAyada kAvya aura zazi ke sAdRzya ke samAna karpUra aura yaza kA sAdRzya bhI pratIta na ho| parantu usI sAdRzya ke spaSTIkararaNa ke lie yadi kevala karpUra ke bajAya usI prakAra ke aneka upamAna eka sAtha joDa kara 'karpU' rahArahara hAsasita yazaste' kahA jAya to aneka upamAno se unakA zuklatA rUpa sAdRgya spaSTa ho jAyagA / parantu siddhAnta pakSa me prAcArya vAmana isa bAta se sahamata nahI hai / unake mata meM jahA eka upamAna se sAdRzya spaSTa nahI hotA hai to usa prakAra ke aneka upamAno se bhI usakI puSTi nahI ho sakatI hai / 'karpU rahA raharahAsasita yazaste' / isa udAharaNa me 'yaza' kA 'kapUra' Adi ke sAtha sAdRzya to 'sita' pada se svaya upAtta hai / vaha aneka upamAno ke kAraNa pratIta nahI hotA hai apitu zabdata. pratipAdita hone se hI pratIta hotA hai / isalie upamAno ke prAdhikya se asAdRzya doSa kA prapoha yA parimArjana ho jAtA hai yaha kahanA ThIka nahI hai / isI viSaya kA pratipAdana karane ke lie granthakAra ne agale do sUtra likhe hai / pahile sUtra me pUrvapakSa dikhAyA hai aura dUsare sUtra me usakA uttara diyA hai / upamAno [ kI saMkhyA ] ke prAdhikya se usa [ apratIta-sAdRzyamUlaka prasAdRzya rUpa upamAdoSa ] kA parimArjana [ poha-dUrIkaraNa ] ho jAtA hai yaha kucha loga kahate hai / upamAna ke [saMkhyAkRta] prAdhikya se usa prasAdRzya [ rUpa upamAdoSa ] kA [ poha ] parimArjana [ dUrIkaraNa ] ho jAtA hai aisA kucha vidvAn mAnate

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phAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 16 karpUrAdibhirupamAnairbahubhiH sAdRzyaM yazasaH susthApitaM bhavati / 216 ] teSAM zuklaguNAtirekAt // 18 // nApuSTArthatvAt / 4, 2, 16 / upamAnAdhikyAt tadapoha iti yaduktaM tanna / aSTArthatvAt / ekasminnupamAne prayukte upamAnAntaraprayogo na kazcidarthavizeSaM puSNAti / tena 'bala sindhuH sindhuriva tubhitaH ' iti pratyuktam / hai / jaisA - tumhArA yaza karpUra, [ muktA ] hAra, aura zivahAsa ke samAna zubhra hai / [ isa udAharaNa me ] karpUra Adi aneka upamAno se yaza kA [ unake sAtha zuklAtizaya rUpa ] sAdRzya bhalI prakAra sthApita hotA hai / una [ karpUra, muktAhAra aura harahAsa- zivahAsya ] meM zukla guNa kA bAhulya hone se [ yaza meM bhI usI prakAra kA zuklAtizaya hai yaha bAta pratIta hotI hai / isa prakAra upamAna ke Adhikya se prasAdRzya kA prapoha ho jAtA hai yaha pUrvapakSa kA abhiprAya huA ] // 18 // isa pUrvapakSa kA uttara pragale sUtra meM karate hai / [ ApakA kahanA ] ThIka nahI hai / [ upamAno kI saMkhyA meM Adhikya kara dene para bhI ] artha kI puSTi [ sambhava ] na hone se / / upamAna [ kI saMkhyA meM ] kA prAdhikya hone se usa [ pratIta guNamUlaka asAdRzya rUpa upamA- doSa ] kA parimArjana [ apoha, dUrIkaraNa ] ho jAtA hai yaha jo [ pUrvapakSI ne ] kahA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai [ upamAnoM kI saMkhyAvRddhi se ] zrartha kI puSTi na hone se| eka upamAna ke prayukta hone para [ yadi sAdRzya spaSTa rUpa se pratIta nahI hotA hai to usI prakAra ke ] dhanya upamAnoM kA prayoga bhI kisI prarthavizeSa kA poSaka nahI hotA / [ una upamAnoM kI usa saMkhyAvRddhi se bhI koI prayojana siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai ] isalie'sainyasAgara, sAgara ke samAna kSubdha ho gayA / ' yaha [ udAharaNa bhI ] khaNDita ho gayA / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki isa udAharaNa me bala arthAt sainya kI upamA sindhu arthAt sAgara se dI gaI hai / arthAt 'bala' upameya hai aura 'sindhu' upamAna hai / parantu sindhu rUpa upamAna kA do bAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isalie isameM

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sUtra 19 ] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH nanu sindhuzabdasya dviH prayogAt paunaruktyam / na / arthavizeSAt / balaM sindhuriva vaipulyAd balasindhuH / sindhuriva cumitaH iti kSobhasArUpyAt / tasmAdarthabhedAnna paunaruktyam / arthapuSTistu nAsti / sindhuriva tubhita ityanenaiva vaipulyaM pratipatsyate / uktaM hi "dharmayorekanirdeze'nyasya saMvit sAhacaryAta' // 16 // [ 217 upamAna kA sakhyAgata prAdhikya humrA isalie yahAM asAdRzya rUpa upamA- doSa nahI hotA hai / arthAt yahA~ prasAdRzya ke prapoha yA nivAraNa ke lie hI sindhu rUpa upamAna kA do bAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yaha pUrva pakSa kA Azaya huA / uttara pakSa kA kahanA yaha hai ki yahA~ sindhu zabda ke duvArA prayoga se artha kI koI puSTi nahI hotI hai isalie sindhu zabda kA duvArA prayoga vyartha aura doSagrasta hI hai / isa para zaGkA yaha hotI hai ki acchA yadi sindhu zabda ke prayoga meM doSa hai to vaha punarukti doSa ho sakatA hai / asodRzya doSa nahI ho sakatA hai / isakA bhI siddhAnta pakSa kI ora se khaNDana kiyA jA rahA hai| usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki yahA~ sindhu gabda kA do vAra prayoga hone para bhI punarukti doSa nahI hotA hai kyoki una dono ke artha meM bheda hai / pahilI bAra ke prayoga se 'bala sindhuriva valasindhu:' isa se vala kI vipulatA sUcita hotI hai / aura 'sindhuriva kSubhita.' isa praza se kSobha bAhulya sUcita hotA hai isalie arthabheda hone se punarakti dopa to nahI hai / kintu prapuSTArthatA doSa athavA tanmUlaka prasAdRzya doSa hI kahA jA sakatA hai / [prazna ] 'sindhu' zabda kA [ 'balasindhuH sindhuriva kSubhita:' isa udAharA meM ] do bAra prayoga hone se [ isa zloka ke aMza meM ] punarukti doSa ho sakatA hai| [ uttara ] nahIM [ yahA~ punarukti doSa ] arthabheda ke kAraNa nahI ho sakatA hai / 'balaM sindhuriva' [ isa vigraha meM ] vipulatA [ ke sUcita ] hone se 'valasindhu' [ bala arthAt sainya ko vizAlatA ko bodhita karatA hai ] aura 'sindhuriva kSubhita:' meM [ yaha dUsarI bAra sindhu zabda kA prayoga ] kSobharUpatA [ kA sUcaka hone ] se / [ una dono meM arthabheda hai ] salie zrarthabheda hone se [ sindhu rUpa upamAna kA do bAra prayoga hone para bhI ] punarukti nahIM hai| kintu [ usa 'kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti 4, 2, 10 /

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218 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau anupapattirasambhavaH 4 2, 20 / anupapattiranupannatvamupamAnasyAsambhavaH / yathA-- cakAsti vadanasyAntaH smitacchAyAvikAsinaH / unnidrasyAravindasya madhye mugdheva candrikA || [ sUtra 20 candrikAyAmunnidratvamaravindasyetyanupapattiH / nanvarthavirodho'yamastu kimupamAdoSakalpanayA / na / upamAyAmatizayasyeSTatvAt // 20 // do bAra ke prayoga se ] artha kI puSTi nahI hotI hai / [ ina dono meM se pahalI bAra kA sindhu zabda kA prayoga vyartha hai kyoMki ] 'sindhuriva kSubhita:' isase hI [ sainya kI ] vipulatA [ aura kSobha dono ] kI pratIti [ pratipatti ] ho jAvegI / jaisA ki 'dharmayorekanirdeze'nyasya saMvit sAhacaryAt' [4, 2, 10 sUtra meM abhI ] kaha cuke hai / [ samudra kA vaipulya aura kSobha dono sahacarita dharma hai / unameM se 'sindhuriva kSubhitaH' kaha kara jaba kSobha kA pratipAdana karate hai to usake sAtha vaipulya bhI svayaM pratIta ho jAtA hai / ataeva vaipulya sUcana ke lie prathama / sindhu zabda kA prayoga vyartha hai auaura zrapuSTArtha doSagrasta hai ] // 16 // agale do sUtro meM chaThe upamA - doSa 'asambhava' kA nirUpaNa karate hai / [ upamAna kI ] anupapatti [ hI ] 'asambhava' [ nAmaka upamA- doSa ] hai / anupapatti [ prarthAt ] upamAna kA anupapannatva 'asambhava' [ nAmaka chaThA upamA- doSa ] hai / jaise-- khile hue kamala ke bhItara sundara caoNdanI ke samAna [ nAyikA ke khile hue mukha ke bhItara muskarAhaTa ko chAyA camaka rahI hai / [ isa udAharaNa meM khile hue kamala ke bhItara cAMdanI kA varNana hai / parantu cAMdanI meM to kamala khilatA hI nahIM / kamala to dina meM khilatA hai rAtri meM nhii| aise meM caoNdanI kA sambandha batAnA anupapanna hai / kyoMki ] cA~danI [ khilane ke samaya zrarthAt rAtri ] meM kamala kA khilanA anupapanna hai [ isalie isa upamA meM asambhavatva doSa hai ] / [prazna ] yahA~ artha-virodha [ nAmaka sAmAnya doSa ] mAna lo, [ asambhava nAmaka ] upamA- doSa kI kalpanA se kyA lAbha ? [ uttara ] yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai / kyoki [ isa prayoga se kavi ko apanI ] upamA meM vizeSatA [ pratipAdana karanA ] iSTa hai / [ isalie isako sAmAnya doSa na mAna kara upamA-doSa hI kahanA cAhie ] // 20 //

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sUtra 21 ] caturthAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [216 kathaM tarhi doSa ityata Aha na viruddho'tizaya. / 4, 2, 21 / viruddhasthAtizayasya saMgraho na kartavya iti, asya sUtrasya tAtparyArthaH / tAnetAn SaDupamA-doSAn jJAtvA kaviH parityajet // 21 // iti paNDitavaravAmanaviracitakAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI 'pAladvArike' caturthe'dhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH / upmaavicaarH| [prazna] yadi 'unnidrasyAravindasya madhye mugdheva candrikA' kaha kara kavi apanI upamA meM kucha vaiziSTaya pratipAdana kara rahA hai ] to phira [ yaha ] doSa kaise hogaa| [taba to vaha doSa nahIM guNa hogA / Apa usako doSa kase kahate hai ?] [uttara ] viruddha atizaya [ kA pradarzana ] nahIM [pharanA ] cAhie / [anubhava athavA prakRti ke ] viruddha pratizaya kA varNana nahIM karanA caahie| yahAM kavi ne upamA meM atizaya lAne ke lie prakRtiviruddha vAta kA saMgraha apanI upamA meM kara diyA hai isalie yaha doSa ho gayA hai aura vaha upamA doSa hI hai ] yaha isa sUtra kA tAtparya hai // ina cha: prakAra ke upamA-doSo ko jAna kara kavi unakA parityAga [karane kA prayatna kare // 21 // ___ iti zrI paNDitavaravAmanaviracita kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtti meM caturtha 'pAlaGkArika' adhikaraNa meM dvitIya adhyAya samApta huaa| upamA-vicAra samApta huaa| -voter zrImadAcAryavizvezvarasiddhAntaziromaNiviracitAyAM 'kAvyAlaGkAradIpikAyA' hindIvyAkhyAyA caturthe 'pAlaGkArikAdhikaraNe' dvitIyo'dhyAya samApta. / - -

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'AlaGkArika' nAni caturthe'dhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH / upamAprapaJcavicAraH] caturthAdhikaraNa meM tRtIyAdhyAya [upamA-prapaJca kA vicAra ] caturtha adhikaraNa ke prathama adhyAya meM anuprAsa tathA yamaka rUpa do zabdAlaGkAro kA aura dvitIyAdhyAya me upamAlaGkAra kA vicAra karane ke bAda aba isa tIsare adhyAya meM vAmana apane abhimata alaGkAro kA nirUpaNa prArambha karane jA rahe hai / ina saba alaGkAro ko vaha upamA kA hI prapaJcamAtra mAnate hai / isalie isa adhyAya me unhone upamA ke prapaJcabhata ina alaGkAro ke nirUpaNa kI pratijJA kI hai| vAmana ke abhimata ina alaGkAro kI saMkhyA 30 hai / unakA sagraha kAvyAlaGkAra-sUtravRtti ke TIkAkAra gopendra tripuraharabhUpAla ne isa prakAra kiyA hai prativastuprabhRtaya uddizyante yathAkramam / prativastu samAsoktirathAprastutazasanam // apahna tI rUpakaJca zleSo vkroktylNkRti.| utprekSA'tizayoktizca sandeha savirodhaka' // vibhAvanA'nanvayaH syAdupameyopamA tata* / parivRtti. krama. pazcAd dIpaka ca nidarzanA / / arthAntarasya nyasana vyattirekastata param / 2 vizepoktiratha vyAjastutiyAjoktyalakRtiH // syAttulyayogitAkSepa sahoktizca samAsata / atha sasRSTibhedI dvau upamArUpaka tathA // utprekSAvayavazceti vijJeyo'lakRtikrama / 1 sm >> >> s s s s isa prakAra vAmana ne 30 prakAra ke alaGkAro kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| anuprAsa tathA yamaka do prakAra ke zabdAlaGkAra ina se bhinna hai / unako bhI joDa dene para vAmanAbhimata kAvyAlaGkAro kI kula saMkhyA 32 hogii| alaGkAro kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM prAcIna samaya se pAladvArika prAcAryoM

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sUtra 1] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAya. [221 meM bahuta matabheda rahA hai / bharata ne apane nATyazAstra meM upamA, rUpaka, dIpaka aura yamaka kevala ina cAra hI alaGkAro kA varNana kiyA hai / vAmana ne 30 arthAlaGkAra aura 2 zabdAlaGkAra milA kara kula 32 alaGkAro kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / daNDI ne 35 hI alaGkAro kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / parantu inake pUrvavartI bhAmaha ne 36 prakAra ke aura udbhaTa ne 40 prakAra ke alaGkAro kA varNana kiyA hai / inake uttaravartI rudraTa ne 52 prakAra ke, usake Age kAvyaprakAzakAra mammaTAcArya ne 67, unake bAda jayadeva ne apane 'candrAloka' me 100 aura unake bhI vyAkhyAkAra prapyaya dIkSita ne apane 'kuvalayAnanda' nAmaka grantha meM 124 alaDrAro kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra, bharatamuni ke prArambhika cAra alabAro se baDhakara apyaya dIkSita ke samaya meM alaGkAro kI saMkhyA 124 taka pahuMca gaI hai / hamane apane 'sAhitya-mImAMsA' nAmaka grantha me alaGkAro kI isa sakhyAvRddhi kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra se kiyA hai 'dRSTA vede'pyalaGkArAstUpamArupakAdaya. / bhUtopamAdibhedena yAskenApi nirUpitA // 1 // zilAlenaTasUtrANAmullekhaH pANinikRta / sUcayatyasya zAstrasya pralatA pAripanerapi // 2 // tathApi prala bharatAt sAhitya nopalabhyate / tasmAt tadAdi vijJa yA ghArAsAhityikI tviyam // 3 // yathottara ca dhArANA granthAnA ca prvesht.| saritAmiva vegena vaddhate'syA. kalevaram // 4 // upamA rUpakaJcava dIpaka yamaka tathA / catvAra evAladvArA bharatena nirUpitAH // 5 // vAmanena ca dvAtriMzad bhedAstasya niruupitaa.| paJcaviMzadvipazcAya daNDinA pratipAdita // // navatriMzadviSa pUrva bhAmahena pradarzita. / catvAriMzadvidharacava udbhaTena prakIrtita. // 7 // dvipacAzadvigha prokto rudraTena tata. param / saptaSaSTivigha. prokta prakAze mammaTena ca // 8 // "saahity-miimaaNsaa|

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222] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau sampratyupamAprapaJco vicAryate / kaH punarasAvityAhaprativastuprabhRtirupamAprapaJcaH / 4, 3, 1 / [ sUtra 1 prativastu prabhRtiryasya sa prativastuprabhRtiH / upamAyAH prapaJca upamAprapanna iti // 1 // zatadhA jayadevena vibhakto, dIkSitena ca / kRtA bhedA' punastasya sazata caturviMzatiH // 6 // / isa prakAra sAhityazAstra ke zrAkara grantho meM bhI alaGkAro ko sakhyA ke viSaya me bahuta bheda pAyA jAtA hai / ina zrAcAryoM meM se prakRta granthakAra zrI vAmana ne do zabdAlaGkAro ke atirikta 30 arthAlaGkAro ko mAnA hai / isa adhyAya meM unhI 30 arthAlaGkAroM kA varNana hai / aba upamA ke prapaJca [ bhUta 30 prakAra ke prarthAlaGkAroM ] kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / vaha [ upamA prapaJca ] kauna sA [ kauna kauna se alaGkAra isa upamA prapaJca meM sammilita hote ] hai yaha [ prathama sUtra meM ] kahate hai / prativastu [ prativastUpamA ] ityAdi [ Age kahe jAne vAle 30 alaGkAra ] upamA kA prapaJca [ kahe jAte ] hai / prativastu [ prativastUpamA ] jisa ke zrAdi meM hai vaha [ tadguNa saMvijJAna bahuvrIhi samAsa mAna kara prativastUpamA sahita 30 zrarthAlaGkAra ] 'prativastuprabhRti' hue| upamA kA prapaJca [ vistAra ] upamA prapaJca [ yaha SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa se ] hai / [ prativastu prabhRti vaha 30 prarthAlaGkAra hama abhI Upara dikhalA cuke hai ] // 1 // agale sUtra se isa upamA-prapaJca kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate hue sabase pahile 'prativastUpamA' kA lakSaraNa karate hai / 'prativastUpamA' upamA kA hI prapaJca hai isalie upamA ke anya bhedo se usakA jo vizeSa bheda hai usako dikhalAte hue usakA lakSaNa karege / abhI pichale adhyAya me padArtha aura vAkyArthavRtti upamo ke do bheda kie the / unameM se 'prativastUpamA' aura 'vAkyArtha upamA' me bahuta kucha sAdRzya hone se una dono ke vizeSa bheda ko pradarzita karane kI bhAvazyakatA samajha kara granthakAra 'vAkyArtha upamA' se 'prativastUpamA' kA bheda dikhAte hue usakA lakSaraNa karate hai -- 1

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236] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttoM [ sUtra 'unmimIla kamala sarasInAM kairavanca nimimIla muhUrtAt / / atra netradharmAvunmIlananimIlane sAdRzyAd vikAsasaGkocau lakSayataH / 'iha ca nirantaranavamukulapulakitA harati mAdhavI hRdayam / madayati ca kesarANAM pariNatamadhugandhi niHzvasitam / ' atra nizvasitamiti parimalanirgamaM lakSayati / 'saMsthAnena sphuratu subhagaH svArciSA cumbatu dyAm / ' 'AlasyamAliGgati gaatrmsyaaH| ityAdi vacano ke anusAra ] lakSaNA ke aneka kAraNa hote hai / una [aneka kAraNo ] meM sAdRzya [ nAmaka kAraNa ] se [ kI gaI ] lakSaNA [ ho] 'vakrokti' [ nAmaka alaGkAra ] hai / jaise [prAtaHkAla ke samaya sUryodaya hote hI ] tanika dera meM tAlAboM ke kamala khila gae aura kSaNa bhara meM karava banda ho ge| yahAM netra ke dharma unmIlana tathA nimIlana sAdRzya se [kamaloM ke ] kkiAsa tathA saGkocana ko lakSaNA se bodhita karate hai| [prataeva sAdRzyamUlaka lakSaNA hone se 'vakrokti' alaGkAra hai / isI kA dUsarA udAharaNa dete hai ] __ yahAM [ udyAna meM ] Upara se nIce taka [ nirantara ] navIna kaliyo se [ ladI huI ] pulakita mAdhavI [ latA darzako ke ] hRdaya ko haraNa kara rahI hai aura kesara [ vRkSavizeSa ] kA pake madhu ko gandha se yukta nizvAsa matta sA kara detA hai| pahA [ isa udAharaNa meM ] niHzvasita [ mukhya rUpa se prANI kA dharma hai parantu vaha sAdRzyanimittaka lakSaNA se ] sugandha ke nikalane ko lakSita karatA hai| [ isI prakAra ke aura bhI bahuta se udAharaNa ho sakate haiM jinameM sAdRzya se lakSaNA kA prAzraya liyA jAtA hai| unameM se pAca udAharaNa Age dete hai / apane saMsthAna [prAkAra kalevara ] se sundara rUpa se prakAzita ho aura apanI kAnti se AkAza kA cumbana kre| [ isameM 'cumbana' pada sAdRzya lakSaNA se sparza ko lakSita karatA hai / pAlasya usake zarIra kA mAliGgana kara rahA hai| [ isameM pAlasya kA zarIra ko pAliGgana karanA lakSaNA se zarIra meM pAlasya kI vyApti ko sUcita karatA hai /

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sUtra8] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [237 'parimlAnacchAyAmanuvadati dRSTiH kamalinIm / ' 'pratyUSeSu sphuttitkmlaamodmaitriikssaayH|' ___'UradvandvaM taruNakadalIkANDasabrahmacAri / ' ityevamAdiSu lakSaNArtho nirUpyata iti / lakSaNAyAJca jhaTityarthapratipattikSamatvaM rahasyamAcakSata iti / asAdRzyanibandhanA tu lakSaNa na vakroktiH / yathA 'jaraThakamalakandacchedagauraimayUkhaiH / atra 'chedaH' sAmIpyAd dravyaM lakSayati / tasyaiva gauratvopapatteH // 8 // [duHkhita nAyikA kI dRSTi murajhAI huI kamalinI ke samAna hai| [yahAM 'anuvadati' pada sAdRzya lakSaNA se kamalinI ke sAtha samAnatA kA sUcaka hai / prAta.kAla ke samaya meM khile hue kamalo ke sugandha ke sAtha maitrI ke kAraNa kaSAya [ vAyu cala rahA hai / isameM maMtrI pada sAdRzya lakSaNA se saMsarga ko lakSita karatA hai| [ nAyikA kI ] donoM jaghAeM taruNa kadalI kANDa kI sahAdhyAyinI hai| [yahAM 'sabrahmacAri' pada lakSaNA se sAdRzya ko lakSita karatA hai] / __ ityAdi [ udAharaNo] meM [dharma ko pratIti ke lie | lakSaNA se artha kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai / lakSaNA ke hone para turanta artha ko pratIti kI kSamatA prA jAtI hai yahI lakSaeA kA rahasya [ lakSaNA athavA vakrokti alaDDAra mAnane vAle ] kahate hai| asAdRzya [ sAdRzya se bhinna ] nimittaka lakSaNA 'vakrokti' nahIM khlaatii| jaise purAne pake hue ] kamala kI jar3a [ bhasINDe, mRNAladaNDa ] ke Tukar3e ke samAna [gaura ] sapheda kiraNo se / yahAM 'cheda' [pada ] sAmIpya [arthAt dharmamibhAva sambandha ] se [khaNDarUpa ] dravya ko lakSita karatA hai / usa [ khaNDa rUpa dravya ] meM hI gauratva sambhava hone se [ isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki 'cheda' zabda mutya rUpa se chedanakriyA kA bodhaka hai| parantu yahAM vaha chedana-kriyA kA prAdhArabhUta yA karmabhUta

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sUtra 16 ] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [251 yathA vA - " vihAya sAhAra mahAryanizcayA viloladRSTiH praviluptacandanA / babandha bAlAruNababhru valkalaM payodharotsedhavizIrNa saMhati // 16 // zrathavA jaise usa dRr3ha nizcaya vAlI aura candana | Adi zrRGgAra yA lepana dravya ] se rahita capalanayanI [ pArvatI ] ne [ ziva prApti kI tapasyA ke lie ] bhojana choDa kara [ nirAhAra vrata karake ] prAta kAlIna sUrya ke samAna aruNa varNa aura stanoM kI uThAna ke kAraNa [ vakSaH sthala para ] jisakI sandhi khulI jA rahI hai isa prakAra ke valkala [ vastra ] ko dhAraNa kiyA / ina dono udAharaNo meM se pahale udAharaNa meM sama se vinimaya aura dUsare meM visadRza se vinimaya dikhalAyA gayA hai| pahale zloka meM caraNa, kisalaya ke samAna hai isalie una dono kA sAmya hone se samavinimaya kA udAharaNa hai / nAyikA ne karNa kisalaya lekara usako caraNa arpaNa kiyA kisa prakAra kiyA isake upapAdana ke lie kAmazAstra ke ' prasAritaka' nAmaka karaNa vizeSa kA nirdeza TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai / vAtsyAyana 'kAmasUtra' meMnAyakasyAse eko dvitIya prasArita iti prasAritakam / yaha 'prasAritaka' kA lakSaNa kiyA hai / 'rati rahasya' meM isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai - priyasya vakSo'satala zirodharAM nayeta savya caraNa nitambinI / prasArayed vA paramAyata punarviparyaya syAditi hi prasAritam // kAmazAstra ke isa ' prasArita' nAmaka karaNa ke dvArA caraNa aura karaNaM kisalaya kA vinimaya ho sakatA hai / dUsare zloka meM bhojana kA parityAga kara unake badale meM valkala ko dhAraNa kiyA yaha jo vinimaya dikhalAyA gayA hai| usameM valkala tathA bhojana me koI sAmya nahI hai | isalie vaha visadRza vinimaya kA udAharaNa hai / bhAmaha ne isa parivRtti zralaGkAra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai* viziSTasya yadAdAnamanyApohena vastuna / zrarthAntaranyAsavatI parivRttirasI yathA // 1 kumArasambhava 5, 8 meM 'vihAya' ke sthAna para 'vimucya' pATha hai | 1 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 36 /

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252 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI upameyopamAyAH kramo bhinna iti darzayitamAhaupameyopamAnAnAM kramasambandhaH kramaH / 4, 3, 17 / 1 [ sUtra 17 'pradAya vittamarthibhya. sa yazodhanamadita. / satA vizvajanInAnAmidamaskhalita vratam // 40 // 1 zrarthAt bhAmaha ke anusAra parivRtti alaGkAra ke sAtha 'arthAntaranyAsa' bhI avazya rahanA cAhie / isI bAta ko bodhana karane ke lie unhone parivRtti ke lakSaNa meM spaSTa rUpa se 'arthAntaranyAsavatI parivRtti' yaha likha diyA hai / zrIra usakA udAharaNa bhI usI prakAra kA diyA hai / parantu vAmana tathA uttaravartI prAcAryo ne parivRtti ke sAtha 'prarthAntaranyAsa' kA honA zrAvazyaka nahI mAnA hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne parivRtti kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai -- parivRttivinimaya samanyUnAdhikairbhavet / arthAt parivRtti yA vinimaya sama, nyUna aura adhika tIno ke sAtha ho sakatA hai / vAmana ne jisa 'visadRga' isa eka bheda ke antargata nyUna aura adhika dono kA sagraha kara liyA thA, sAhityadarpaNakAra ne na kevala usako nyUna zraura adhika karake do bhAgo meM vibhakta kara diyA hai / apitu usa 'visadRza' kI jisameM nyUna aura prAdhikya kI nahI apitu kevala bheda kI hI pradhAnatA thI nyUnAdhikaparaka vyAkhyA karake kucha nUtanatA bhI pradarzita kI hai| tIno prakAra kI parivRtti ke udAharaNa isa prakAra die hai dattvA kaTAkSameNAkSI jagrAha hRdaya mama / mayA tu hRdaya dattvA gRhIto madanajvara // isake prathama caraNa meM sama se zraura dvitIya caraNa meM nyUna se vinimaya dikhalAyA hai / tasya ca pravayaso jaTAyuSa svargiNaH kimiva zocyate'dhunA / yena jarjarakalevaravyayAt krotamindukiraNojjvalaM yazaH // isameM adhika se vinimaya kiyA gayA hai / [ pUrva kahe hue ] upameyopamA [ zralaGkAra ] se 'krama' [ yathAsaMkhya alaGkAra ] bhinna hai isa bAta ko dikhalAne ke lie [ agale sUtra meM 'krama' jise anya loga 'yathAsaMkhya' nAma se kahate hai, kA lakSaNa ] kahate hai upabhAna aura upameyoM kA krama se sambandha [ pradarzita karanA ] 'krama' [ nAmaka alaGkAra hotA ] hai | 2 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 40 | sAhityadarpaNa 10, 81 /

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266] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 24 vyatirekavizeSoktibhyAM vyAjastuti bhinnAM darzayitumAhasambhAvyaviziSTakarmAkaraNAnnindA stotrArthA vyaajstutiH| 4, 3, 24 / ___ atyantaguNAdhiko viziSTaH / tasya ca kama viziSTakarma / tasya sambhAvyamAnasya kartuM zakyasyAkaraNAnnindA viziSTasAmyasampAdanena stotrArthA vyAjastutiH / yathA babandha setu giricakravAtabibheda saptakazareNa tAlAn / evaMvidhaM karma tatAna rAmastvayA kRtaM tanna mudhaiva garvaH // 24 // vyatireka aura vizeSokti se vyAjastuti ko alaga dikhalAne ke lie [agale sUtra meM usakA lakSaNa ] kahate hai kara sakane yogya [ sambhAvya ] viziSTa [ puruSa ke ] karma ke na karane se [ vastutaH ] stuti ke lie jo nindA karanA hai vaha vyAjastuti [alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| guNo meM [ upameya kI apekSA] atyanta 'adhika [puruSa ] viziSTa [puruSa ] kahalAtA hai| usakA karma viziSTa karma [ yaha SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa] huA / usa sambhAvya arthAt kara sakane yogya [ karma ] ke na karane se [jo] nindA [ usa ] viziSTa ke sAtha sAmya sampAdana dvArA [upameya ko vAstavika stuti ke lie [ kI jAya ] vaha vyAjastuti [alaMkAra kahalAtA hai / jaise [rAmacandra ne] parvato [ ke pattharoM ke samUha se [ samudra kA] pula bAMdhA, eka bANa se sAta tAla vRkSo kA bhedana kiyaa| isa prakAra ke [pAzcarya janaka ] karma rAmacandra ne kie the| tumane unameM se eka bhI nahIM kiyA phira vyartha hI garva kyoM karate ho| / yahA rAmacandra ke kie hue viziSTa karmoM ke na karane se rAjA kI UparI taura se nindA kI gaI hai / parantu usase rAjA kA rAma ke sAtha sAdRzya abhISTa hai isalie yahA nindA ke stutiparaka hone se 'vyAja stuti hai| bhAmaha ne isa 'vyAja stuti' alaGkAra kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai 'dUrAdhikaguNastotravyapadezena tulyatAm / kiJcid vidhitsoryA nindA vyAjastutirasau yathA / 'bhAmaha kAvyAlaMkAra 3, 31 /

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caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH - sUtra 25 ] vyAjastutervyAjokti bhinnAM darzayitumAha - vyAjasya satyasArUpyaM vyAjoktiH / 4, 3, 25 / vyAjasya chadmanA satyena sArUpyaM vyAnoktiH / yAM mAyoktirityAhuH / yathA [ 267 'rAma. saptAbhinat tAlAn giriM krauJca bhRgUttama / zatAzenApi bhavatA kiM tayo sadRza kRtam // bhAmaha tathA vAmana dono ne kevala stuti ke lie kI jAne vAlI nindA ko 'vyAjastuti' kahA hai / parantu mammaTa vizvanAtha Adi AcAryo ne nindA ke lie kI jAne vAlI stuti ko bhI 'vyAjastuti' kahA hai / sAhityadarpaNa me 'vyAjastuti' kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai- uktA vyAjastuti puna / nindAstutimyA vAcyAbhyA gamyatve stutinindayo // stuti se gamyamAna nindA kA udAharaNa nimna zloka diyA hai vyAjastutistava payoda mayoditeya yajjIvanAya jagatastava jIvanAni / ' stotra tu te mahadida ghana dharmarAjasAhAyyamarjayasi yat pathikAnnihatya | yahA megha kI vAstavika stuti yaha batalAI gaI hai ki vaha viyogiyo ko mAra kara dharmarAja-yama-kA sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha dekhane meM bhale hI stuti ho parantu vaha vastuta usakI 'nindA' hI hai / kahI gaI hai // 24 // isalie yaha 'vyAjastuti' vyAjastuti se vyAjokti bhinna [ alaGkAra ] hai [ usako dikhalAne ke lie [ agale sUtra meM vyAjokti kA lakSaNa ] kahate hai vyAja [ bahAne se kahI huI bAta ] kA satya ke sAtha sArUpya [ pradarzita karanA ] vyAjokti [ alaGkAra kahalAtA ] hai / asatya [ vyAja ] ke bahAne se satya kA sAdRzya [ pratipAdana karanA ] vyAjokti [ alakAra kahalAtA ] hai / jisako anya loga 'mAyokti' kahate hai / [ usakA udAharaNa ] jaise- "bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 32 / 1 sAhityadarpaNa 10, 60 /

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268 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto zaraccandrAMzugaureNa vAtAviddhena bhAmini / kAzapuSpalavenedaM sAnupAtaM mukhaM kRtam // 25 // - vyAjastuteH pRthak tulyayogitetyAha [ sUtra 25 zaraccandra kI kiraNoM ke samAna zubhra, vAyu se lAe gae, kAzapuSpa ke tinake ne [ zrAMkha meM par3a kara ] yaha mukha azrupAtayukta kara diyA / yahA sAtvika bhAva se hone vAle azrupAta ko kAnapuppa ke tinake ke Akha me paDa jAne se hone vAlA azrupAta kaha kara satya ko chipAne kA yatna kiyA gayA hai / isalie yahA vyAjokti alakAra hai / navIna AcAryoM ne jo chipAne yogya bAta kisI prakAra dUsare para prakaTa ho jAya usako kisI vahAneM se chipAne ke prayatna ko vyAjokti alakAra kahA hai / vizvanAtha ne usakA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai Compan 'vyAjoktirgopana vyAjAdudbhinnasyApi vastuna. / jaise---- zailendrapratipAdyamAnagirijAhastopagUDhollasa--- dromAJcAdivisaSThulAkhilavidhivyAsaGgabhaGgAkulaH / AH zaitya tuhinAcalasya karayorityacivAn sasmitaM zailAnta puramAtRmaNDalagaNaid STo'vatAd va zivaH // yahA ziva aura pArvatI ke vivAha ke avasara para kanyAdAna karane ke samaya, pArvatI ke hAtha kA giva ke hAtha se sparga hone se unake bhItara kampa Adi mAtvika bhAvo ke udaya hone ke kAraNa jaba vidhi meM gaDavaDa hone lagI to apane kampAdi ko chipAne ke lie ziva jI parvatarAja ke Azraya lete hai / 'A: zaitya tuhinAcalasya karayo' kaha kara usa sAtvika bhAva rUpa yathArtha kampa ko chipAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / isalie yahA vyAjokti alaGkAra hai / vAmana ke lakSaNa kA bhI abhiprAya yahI hai / para vaha utanA spaSTa nahI sAtvika hAtho kI bhAva janya zItalatA kA ||25|| vyAjastuti se tulyayogitA [ alaGkAra ] pRthaka hai yaha [dikhalAne ke lie agale sUtra meM tulyayogitA kA lakSaNa ] kahate hai- ' sAhityadarpaNa 10, 92 /

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sUtra 26 caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [269 viziSTena sAmyArthamekakAlakriyAyogastulyayogitA / 4, 3, 26 / viziSTena nyUnasya sAmyArthamekakAlAyAM kriyAyAM yogastulyayogitA / yathA jaladhirazanAmimAM dharitrIM vahati bhujaGgavimurbhavadbhunazca // 16 // viziSTa [ adhika guNa' vAle upamAna ] ke sAtha [ nyUna guNa vAle upameya ke ] sAmya [pratipAdana ] ke lie [ una dono kA ] eka kAla [eka sAtha ] hone vAlI kriyA ke sAtha yoga [ sambandha pradarzita karanA] tulyayogitA [ nAmaka alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| viziSTa [ adhika guNa vAle upamAna ] ke sAtha nyUna guNa [ vAle upameya] ke sAmya ke [pratipAdana] ke lie [una dono kA] eka kAla meM hone vAlI kriyA meM yoga [ tulyakAlIna kriyA meM yoga hone ke kAraNa ] 'tulya yogitA' alaGkAra [ kahalAtA hai / jaise samudrarUpa razanA ko dhAraNa kie huI [cAroM ora samudra se ghirI huI ] isa pRthivI ko sarparAja [ zeSanAga ] aura ApakI bhujA [ yaha dono] dhAraNa karate hai| yahA tumhArI bhujA zeSanAga ke samAna hai isa prakAra viziSTa arthAt adhika guNa vAle upamAnabhUta zeSanAga ke sAtha sAmya dikhalAne ke lie bhUmi ke dhAraNa karane rUpa tulya kriyA, ekakAlIna kriyA ke sAtha una dono kA yoga kiyA gayA hai| 'dharitrI vahati bhujagavimurbhavadbhujazca / ' isa prakAra upamAnabhUta zeSanAga aura upameya bhUta bhujA ke sAtha eka tulya dharma kA yoga hone se yahA tulyayogitA alakAra hai| bhAmaha ne tulyayogitA alakAra kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA hai| usake anusAra tulyayogitA ke lakSaNa aura udAharaNa isa prakAra hoge nyUnasyApi vibhipTena gunnmaamyvivkssyaa| tulyakAryakriyAyogAdityuktA tulyayogitA // zepo himagiristvaJca mahAnto gurava sthiraa.| yadalaghitamaryAdAJcalantI vibhRtha nitim // 'bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 27-28 /

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270] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 27 upamAnAkSepazcAkSepa / 4, 3, 27 / / upamAnasyAkSepaH pratipedhaH upamAnAkSepaH / tulyakAryArthasya nararthakyavivakSAyAm yathA tasyAzcenmukhamasti saumyasubhagaM ki pArvaNenendunA, saundaryasya padaM dRzau yadi ca te kiM nAma nIlotpalaiH / kiM vA komalakAntibhiH kisalayaiH satyeva tatrAdhare, hA dhAtuH punaruktavasturacanArambheSvapUrNa prahaH // mammaTa, vizvanAtha Adi navauna AcAryoM ne apane lakSaNo me vizeSa vAta yaha kahI hai ki jina padArthoM meM eka dharma kA samvandha varNana kiyA jAya vaha sava yA to prastuta arthAt varNya ho athavA sava aprastuta ho / yadi uname se koI padArtha prastuta tathA koI aprastuta hogA to vahA 'tulyayogitA' nahI apitu 'dIpaka' alaGkAra hogaa| sAhityadarpaNa me likhA hai ' padArthAnA prastutAnAmanyapA vA yadA bhavet / __ekadharmAbhisamvandha. syAt tadA tulyayogitA // prastuta padArthoM ke eka dharmAbhisamvandharUpa tulyayogitA kA udAharaNaanulepanAni kumumAnyavalA. kRtamanyava. patipu dIpadazAH / samayena tena mucira gayitaprativodhitasmaramavodhipata // isame mancyA kAla kA varNana hai ataeva anulepa, kusuma, avalA, dIpadagA yaha sava hI varNya prastuta hai| una sava me prabodhana rUpa eka dharma kA sambandha hone me tulyayogitA alakAra huA / aprastuta padArthoM ke eka dharmAbhisambandharUpa tulyayogitA kA udAharaNa tadaGgamArdava draSTu. kasya citte na bhAsate / ____ mAlatIgagabhRllekhAkadalInA kaThoratA // yahA mAlatI Adi sabhI aprastuta padArtho me kaThoratA rUpa ekavarmAbhisambandha hone se tulyayogitAlaGkAra hai // 26 // upamAna kA AkSepa [pratiSedha ] AkSepa [ alaMkAra hai| upamAna kA AkSepa arthAt pratiSedha upamAnAkSepa [ kahalAtA ] hai / tulya kArya vAle artha kI nirarthakatA kI vivakSA hone para ! yaha AkSepa alaGkAra hotA hai| jaise ' sAhityadarpaNa 10, 48 //

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sUtra 27] caturyAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [271 upamAnasyAkSepataH pratipattirityapi sUtrArthaH / * yathAaindraM dhanuH pANDupayodhareNa zarad dadhAnA nakhakSatAmam / prasAdayantI sakalaGkamindu tApaM raveramyadhikaJcakAra // atra zarad vezyeva, indu nAyakamiva, rakheH pratinAyakasyeva ityupamAnAni gamyante iti // 27 // yadi usa [ nAyikA ] kA saumya aura sundara mukha vidyamAna hai to phira [ usI ke samAna kArya karane vAle ] pUrNimA ke candramA se kyA lAbha / aura yadi saundarya ke nidhAnabhUta [ usa nAyikA ke ] netra vidyamAna hai to [ usI ke samAna ] nIla kamalo se kyA lAbha / aura vahAM [ usa mukha meM ] yadi adhara vidyamAna hai to phira [ usake sadRza hI ] komala kAnti vAle kisalayo se kyA prayojana / [ ina saba kI racanA bilkula vyartha hai| lekina phira bhI vidhAtA ne inako racA hai| ] kheda hai ki vidhAtA ko punarukta [ vyartha ] vastuo ke banAne kA [ aisA ] apUrva prAgraha [ zauka ] hai| yahA tulyakAryakArI candra, nIlotpala, kisalaya Adi upamAno ke Anarthakya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| ataeva yahA AkSepAlakAra hai / upamAna kI prAkSepa se [arthataH] pratipatti [jJAna] bhI [prAkSepa alaMkAra kahA jA sakatA hai yaha isa ] sUtra kA artha [ ho sakatA hai| jaise [nimna zloka meM] [pANDu ] zubhravaNaM ke megho ke Upara [ dUsare pakSa meM stano ke Upara ] tAje nakhakSato ke samAna indra dhanuSa ko dhAraNa kie hue [zarada Rtu, dUsare pakSa meM nAyikA ] kalaMkI [ kalaMkayukta, dUsare pakSa meM parAGganopabhoga rUpa kalaMka se yukta ] candra ko, nirmala karatI [ dUsare pakSa meM manAtI] huI zarad [Rtu, dUsare pakSa meM nAyikA ] ne [nAyaka rUpa] sUrya ke tApa [ dUsare pakSa meM dhUpa kI tIvratA] ko aura adhika kara diyaa| ___isa meM zarad vezyA ke samAna, indu nAyaka ke samAna aura sUrya pratinAyaka ke samAna yaha upamAna [ prAkSepa se ] pratIta hote hai / [ isalie yahAM dUsare prakAra kA prAkSepa alaMkAra hai| navIna AcAryoM ne dUsare prakAra ke isa 'AkSepa' ko 'samAmokti alakAra mAnA hai, AkSepa nahI / samAsokti kA lakSaNa vizvanAtha ne

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272 kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 27 'samAsokti samairyatra kAryaligavizeSaNa / vyavahArasamAropa. prakRte'nyasya vastuna / isa prakAra kiyA hai / yahA samAna kArya aura liga se zarad meM vezyA athavA nAyikA aura sUrya tathA candramA me nAyaka pratinAyakAdi ke vyavahAra kA Aropa hone se navIna mata me yaha 'samAsokti' kA udAharaNa hai, 'AkSepa' kA nahI / AkSepa alaGkAra kA lakSaNa navIna AcAryoM ne bilkula bhinna prakAra se isa prakAra kiyA hai 'vastuno vaktumiSTasya vizepapratipattaye / nipedhAbhAsa AkSepo vakSyamANoktago dvidhA // arthAt jo bAta kahanA cAhate ho parantu usame vizepatA lAne ke lie usakA nipedha sA kiyA jAya usako 'AkSepa' alakAra kahate hai| yaha niSedha kahI vAta ko kaha cukane ke vAda kahI huI bAta kA kiyA jAtA hai / aura kahI Age kahI jAne vAlI vAta kA kahe binA pahile hI niSedha kara diyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke nipedhase bAta kI vizepatA baDha jAtI hai| usI vizeSa pratipatti ke lie nipedha sA kiyA jAtA hai / ina dono prakAra ke AkSepo ke udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai smarazarazatavidhurAyA bhaNAmi sakhyA kRte kimapi / kSaNamiha vizramya sakhe nirdayahRdayasya ki vadAmyathavA / / yahA virahiNI kI vyathA kA sAmAnyata: sUcana karane ke bAda 'nirdayahRdayasya kiM vadAmyathavA' kaha kara usakA nipedha kiyA gayA hai / isalie yahA uktavipayaka 'AkSepa' alaGkAra hai / vakSyamANa viSayaka 'AkSepa' kA udAharaNa isa prakAra diyA gayA hai tava virahe hariNAkSI nirIkSya navamAlikA dalitAm / hanta nitAntamidAnImA. kiM hata jalpitairathavA / / yahA 'marane vAlI hai' yaha aza nahI kahA hai usI vakSyamANa aza kA nipedha kiyA gayA hai / ataeva yaha dUsare prakAra kA 'AkSepa' alavAra hai / ina do bhedo ke atirikta aniSTa artha kA vidhyAbhAsa rUpa eka tIsare prakAra ke AkSepa alaGkAra kA nirUpaNa bhI sAhityadarpaNakAra ne kiyA hai aniSTasya tathArthasya vidhyAbhAsaH paro mata / ' sA0 da0 10, 56 / 2 sA0 80 10, 65 / 3 sA0 da0 10, 66 /

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sUtra 27] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [273 ____isa anipTa artha kI vidhyAbhAsatA rUpa 'AkSepa' alavAra kA udAharaNa ima prakAra hai gaccha gacchasi cet kAnta panthAna santu te zivA / mamApi janma tatraiva bhUyAdyatra gato bhavAn / / yahA priya kA paradeza gamana nAyikA ko aniSTa hai / tumhAre cale jAne para mai jIvita nahI raha sakUgI yaha kaha kara vaha usako rokanA cAhatI hai| parantu Upara me 'gaccha gacchasi cet kAnta' kaha kara jAne ko kaha rahI hai / sAtha hI 'mamApi janma tatraiva bhUyAdyatra gato bhavAn' kaha kara apane bhAvI maraNa kI sUcanA de rahI hai / isa prakAra yahAM gamana kA vidhAna vastuta vidhi rUpa nahI apitu vighyAbhAsa rUpa hai| isalie 'Apa' alaGkAra hai| isa prakAra navIna AcAryoM ne 'AkSepa' alavAra ke tIna bheda mAne hai / parantu vaha saba hI vAmana ke AkSepa' ke lakSaNa se vilkula bhinna hai / vAmana ne jo AkSepa ke do lakSaNa kie hai unako navIna AcAryoM ne nahIM mAnA hai| unake dono udAharaNo me me antima udAharaNa ko 'samAsokti' alaGkAra me navIna loga mAnate hai yaha abhI Upara dikhalA cuke hai / usakA pahilA bheda navIna AcAryoM ke yahA~ pratIpa' alavAra nAma se kahA jAtA hai / 'pratIpa' alaGkAra kA lakSaNa mAhityadarpaNakAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai prasiddhasyopamAnasyopameyatvaprakalpanam / niSphalatvAbhivAna vA pratIpamiti kathyate / umakA udAharaNa nimna diyA hai / tad vaktra yadi mudritA gagikayA hA hema mA ced dyuti taccakSuryadi hArita kuvalayastaccet smita kA sudhA / vik kandarpadhanuvau yadi ca te kiM vA bahu brUmaha yatsatyaM punaruktavastuvimukha sargakramo vevama // __ isa prakAra vAmana ne AkSepAlaDvAra ke jo do rUpa pradagita kie hai navIna AcAryoM ne vaha dono rUpa 'pratIpa' tathA 'samAmokti' alavAra mAne hai| unake yahA AkSepa' ala DkAra vAmana se vilakula bhinna rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai / vAmana se prAcIna bhAmaha ne bhI AkSepa alavAra kA jo svalpa mAnA hai vaha vAmana me bhinna hai ora navIna AcAryoM ke mata meM bahuta-kucha milatA huA hai / bhAmaha ne likhA hai . 1 sA0 80, 87 /

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau tulyayogitAyAH sahokterbhedamAha- vastudvaya kriyayostulyakAlayorekapadAbhidhAnaM sahokti / 4, 3,28 / 274 ] [ sUtra 28 vastudvayasya kriyayostulyakAlayorekena paddenAmidhAnaM sahArthazabdasAmarthyAt sahoktiH / yathA staMbhAsvAn prayAtaH saha ripubhirayaM saMhiyantAM balAni / atrArthayonyU natvaviziSTatve na staH / iti neyaM tulyayogitA // 28 // ' pratipedha ivepTasya yo vizepAbhidhitsayA / AkSepa iti ta santa zasanti dvividha yathA // aha tvA yadi nekSeya kSaNamapyutsukA tata' / iyadevAstvato'nyena kimuktenApriyeNa te // svavikramAkrAntabhuvazcitra yanna tavoddhati' / ko vA seturala sindhovikArakaraNa prati // 'tulyayogitA' se 'sahokti' kA bheda [ dikhalAne ke lie sahokti alaGkAra kA lakSaNa ] kahate hai -- do vastuoM ko tulyakAlIna [ do ] kriyAoM kA eka [ hI ] pada se [ eka sAtha ] kathana karanA sahokti alaGkAra [ kahalAtA ] hai / ' do vastuo kI tulyakAlIna do kriyAoM kA eka hI pada se kathana karanA sahArthaka zabda [ ke prayoga ] ke sAmarthya se 'sahokti' [ zralaGkAra kahalAtA ] hai / jaise zatruo ke sAtha yaha sUrya [ bhI ] astAcala kI ora cala diyA / zrataeva zrava senAoM ko vApisa kara lo / 1 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 2, 68-70 / [ tulyayogitA zralaGkAra meM bhI do padArthoM meM eka hI kriyA kA yoga hotA hai / parantu vahAM artho meM nyUnAdhika bhAva vivakSita hotA hai / ] yahAM [ sahokti alaGkAra meM ] artho kA nyUnAdhikatva [ vivakSita ] nahI hai isalie yaha tulyayogitA [ zralaGkAra ] nahI hai / [ zrapitu usase bhinna alaGkAra hai / ]

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- - sUtra 29] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [275 samAhitamekamavaziSyate, tallakSaNArthamAhayatsAdRzya tatsampattiH samAhitam / 4, 3, 26 / yasya vastunaH sAdRzyaM gRhyate tasya vastunaH sampattiH samAhitam / tanvI meghajalArdrapallavatayA dhautAdharevAzrubhiH zUnyevAbharaNaiH svakAlavirahAd vizrAntapuSpodgamA / cintAmaunamivAsthitA madhulihAM zabdaivinA lakSyate caNDI mAmavadhUya pAdapatitaM jAtAnutApeva saa|| atra purUravaso latAyAmurvazyAH sAdRzyaM gRhNataH saiva latorvazI sampanneti // 26 sAhityadarpaNakAra ne sahokti kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai sahArthasya valAdeka yatra syAdvAcaka dvayo / ___sA sahoktirmUlabhUtAtizayoktinigadyate // bhAmaha ne sahokti kA lakSaNa isa prakAra nahI kiyA hai // 28 // [ hamAre uddiSTa 33 arthAlaGkAro meM se 32 ke lakSaNa Adi yahAM taka kie jA cuke hai / aba ] eka samAhita [alaGkAra] zeSa raha jAtA hai| usakA lakSaNa karane ke lie [agalA sUtra] kahate hai| jisa vastu kA sAdRzya [ upameya meM dikhalAnA abhISTa ] hai, [upameya ko ] tadrUpatA prApti [ko ] samAhita [alaGkAra kahA jAtA hai| jisa vastu kA sAdRzya [ upameya meM ] gRhIta hotA hai [upameya ke dvArA ] usa vastu [ ke svarUpa ] kI prApti [ko ] samAhita [alaGkAra kahA jAtA hai| jaise tanvI [ urvazI ] pairo para par3e hue mujha [ purUravA] ko tiraskRta karake pazcAttApayukta hokara prAMsumo se gIle adhara ke samAna varSA ke jala se AI pallavo ko dhAraNa kie hue, RtukAla ke na hone se puSpodgama se rahita pAbharaNa zUnya-sI, bhauMro ke zabda ke abhAva meM cintA se mauna ko prApta [ latA rUpa meM] dikhalAI de rahI hai| yahAM latA meM urvazI ke sAdRzya ko dekhane [ grahaNa karane ] vAle purUravA ke lie [kalpanAvaza ] urvazI vaha latA hI bana gaI hai [ isalie yahAM 'samAhita' alaGkAra hai ] // 29 // , sAhityadarpaNa 10, 55 /

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276 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 30-32 ete cAlaGkArAH zuddhA mizrAzca prayoktavyA iti viziSTAnAmalaGkArANAM mizritatvaM saMsRSTirityAha-alaGkArasyAlaGkArayonitva sasRSTi: / 4,330 // alaGkArasyAlaGkArayonitvaM yadasau saMsRSTiriti / saMsRSTiH saMsaga: sambandha iti // 30 // tadbhedAvupamArUpakotprekSAvayavI / 4, 3, 31 / tasyAH saMsRSTerbhedAvupamA rUpakazcotprekSAvayavazceti // 31 // upamAjanyaM rUpakamupamArUpakam / 4, 3, 32 / spaSTam / yathAniravadhi ca nirAzrayaJca yatra sthitamanivartita kautukaprapaJcam / prathama iha bhavAn sa kUrmamUrtirjayati caturdazalokavallikandaH // Com yaha alaGkAra zuddha aura mizra rUpa meM bhI prayukta ho sakate hai / isalie viziSTa alaGkAro kA mizraNa saMsRSTi [ alaGkAra ] hotA hai, yaha [ agale sUtra meM] kahate hai- [ eka ] alaGkAra kA jo alaGkAra hetutva [ arthAt dUsare alaGkAra ke sAtha kAryakAraNa bhAva sambandha ] hai usako saMsRSTi [ alaGkAra ] kahate hai / [ eka ] alaGkAra kA jo [ dUsare ] alaGkAra ke prati hetutva [ arthAt dUsare alaGkAra ke sAtha jo kAryakAraNa bhAva sambandha ] hai vaha saMsRSTi [ alaGkAra kahalAtA ] hai / saMsRSTi [ kA artha ] saMsarga [ arthAt ] sambandha hai // 30 // usake 'upamArUpaka' tathA 'utprekSAvayava' do bheda hai / usa saMsRSTi ke upamArUpaka aura utprekSAvayava [ yaha ] do bheda hai / 'alaGkArayonitva' jo saMsRSTi kA lakSaNa kiyA hai usame eka 'alaGkAra kAraNa hai jisameM' isa prakAra kA bahuvrIhi samAsa karake upamArUpaka ko sRSTi kahA jAtA hai kyoki usame upamA rUpaka kA kAraNa hai / ora dUsare bheda 'utprekSAvayava' me alaGkArayonitva pada me tatpuruSa samAsa kiyA jAtA hai / utprekSA kA avayava 'utprekSAvayava' kahalAtA hai / isa prakAra sasRSTi ke do bhedo me 'alaGkArayonitva' pada ke do bhinna-bhinna samAsa kie jAte hai // 31 // ina bhedo me se pahale upamArUpaka kA lakSaNa karate haiM / upamA se janya rUpaka upamArUpaka [ kahalAtA ] hai | [ sUtra kA artha ] spaSTa hai / [ udAharaNa ] jaisejinake Upara yaha ananta [ niravadhi ] aura [ anya ] kisI grAdhAra para

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sUtra 33 ] caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH | 277 evaM 'rajanIpurandhilodhatilaka' ityevamAdayastadbhedA draSTavyAH // 32 // utprekSAheturutprekSAvayava. / 4, 3, 33 | utprekSAyA heturutprekSAvayavaH / zravayavazabdo yArambhakaM lakSayati / yathA aMgulIbhiriva kezasaJcayaM sannigRhya timiraM marIcibhiH / kuDamalIkRtasaronalocanaM cumbatIva rajanImukhaM zazI // 33 // na TikA huA [ nirAzraya ], Azcaryamaya [ zranivartitakautuka ] sasAra [prapaJca ] sthita hai, caudaha lokarUpa latAo ke mUlarUpa kUrma svarUpa, zrApa jagat meM zradvitIya aura sarvotkarSazAlI0 hai / yahA 'upamita vyAghrAdibhi sAmAnyAprayoge' isa sUtra se 'loko valliriva iti lokavalli.' isa prakAra kA upamita samAsa hokara 'lokavalli' pada vanatA hai / phira usakA kanda ke sAtha paSThI tatpuruSa samAsa hokara 'lokavallyA kanda iti lokavallikanda ' yaha pada banatA hai / isa prakAra pahale 'lokavalli' kA upamita samAsa hone ke bAda kUrmamUrti ke Upara 'kanda' kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai / isalie yaha upamAjanya, upamAmUlaka, rUpaka alaGkAra hai ata 'upamArUpaka' kahalAtA hai / isame upamA aura rUpaka dono kA mizraNa hone se 'sasRSTi' alaGkAra kahalAtA hai / dUsare Dhaga se.vicAra kare to pahile 'kUrmamUrti' para kandatva kA Aropa karake phira loka para vallitva kA Aropa pIche kiyA jAya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai / usa dazA me yaha rUpakamUlaka rUpaka hogA / jise navIna loga 'paramparita rUpaka' bhI kahate hai / parantu vAmana ne yahA rUpaka mUlaka yA paramparita rUpaka na mAna kara upamAjanya rUpaka mAnA hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki vAmana ko yahA pahile 'lokavalli' pada me upamita samAsa hI abhIpTa hai / / 32 / / utprekSA kA hetu [ rUpakAdi dUsarA alaGkAra ] utprekSAvayava [ kahalAtA ] utprekSA kA hetu [ dUsarA zralaGkAra ] utprekSA avayava [ kahalAtA ] hai / pravayava zabda [ lakSaNA se ] prArambhaka [ isa zrayaM ] ko vodhita karatA hai / [ udAharaNa ] jaise-- aMguliyo ke samAna [ marIciyo ] kiraNo se [ nAyikA ke ] keza

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278] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 36 saJcaya rUpa andhakAra ko haTA kara mude hue kamala-nayano vAle rajanI [ nAyikA ] ke mukha ko candramA cumbana-sA kara rahA hai| yahA 'cumbatIva rajanImukha zazI' yaha utprekSA alaGkAra hai / yaha upamA aura rUpaka se anuprANita ho rahA hai / isalie utprekSA hetu yA utprekSAvayava rUpa sasRSTi alaGkAra kA udAharaNa hai| . bhAmaha ne 'upamArUpaka' tathA utprekSAvayava' alaGkAro kA nirUpaNa to kiyA hai, parantu vAmana ke samAna unhe sasRSTi kA bheda nahI mAnA hai / sasRSTi ko una dono se bhinna alaga hI alaGkAra mAnA hai aura tIno alaGkAro kA svatantra rUpa se alaga-alaga isa prakAra nirUpaNa kiyA hai ' upamAnena tadbhAvamupameyasya 'sAdhayat / yA vadantyupamAmetadupamArUpaka yathA // samagragaganAyAmamAnadaNDo rathAginaH / pAdo jayati siddhastrImukhendunavadarpaNa // 2 zliSTasyArthena ca sayukta kiJcidutprekSayAnvita / rUpakArthena ca punarutprekSAvayavo yathA // tulyodayAvasAnatvAd gate'sta prati bhAsvati / vAsAya vAsara klAnto vizatIva tamIguhAm / / 3 varA vibhUpA sasRSTirbahvalaGkArayogata / racitA ratnamAleva sA caivamuditA yathA // gAmbhIryalAghavavatoyuvayo prAjyaralayo. / sukhasevyo janAnA tva duSTagrAho'mbhasA pati // analakRtakAnta te vadana, vanajAti / nizAkRta prakRtyaiva cAro. kA vAstyalakRti // anyepAmapi kartavyA sasRSTiranayA dizA / kiyaduTTitajJebhya zakya kathayitu mayA // isa prakAra bhAmaha tathA vAmana ke mata meM bahuta bheda hai / vAmana upamArUpaka tathA utprekSAvayava ko sasRSTi kA bheda mAnate hai / parantu bhAmaha una tIno ko alaga-alaga alaGkAra mAnate hai / 1 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 35-36 / 2 bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 3, 47-48 / bhAmaha kAvyAlaGkAra 5, 49-42 /

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sUtra 33] caturthASikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH [ 279 navIna AcAryoM ne aneka alaGkAro ke mizraNa kI sthiti me saGkara aura sasRSTi do prakAra ke alaGkAra mAne hai / java ki vAmana aura bhAmaha dono mizraNa kI sthiti meM kevala eka sasRSTi alaGkAra hI mAnate hai / mammaTa, vizvanAtha Adi navIna AcAryoM ke mata me yadi do yA adhika alaGkAro kI paraspara nirapekSa sthiti hotI hai tabhI sasRSTi alaGkAra mAnA gayA hai| kAryakAraNabhAvAdi hone para sasRSTi nahI apitu sakara alaGkAra hotA hai / unhone saGkara ke agAgibhAva sakara, 2 sandeha sakara, tathA ekAzrayAnupraveza sakara isa prakAra tIna bheda mAne hai / aura paraspara nirapekSa alaGkAro kI sthiti me sasRSTi alaGkAra mAnA hai / sAhityadarpaNa me inakA nirUpaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai yadaita evAladvArA parasparavimizritA / tadA pRthagalaDkAro sasRSTi skrstthaa| mitho'napekSatayapAM sthiti sasRSTirucyate / agAgitve'pyalakRtInA tadvadekAzrayasthitau / sandigdhatve ca bhavati sakarastrividha puna // sasRSTi ke bhI phira aneka bheda ho sakate hai / jaise zabdAlaDvAro kI sasRSTi, athavA arthAlaGkAro kI sasRSTi athavA zabdArthAlaGkAro kI sasRSTi / ina tIno prakAra kI sasRSTi eka hI udAharaNa meM isa prakAra dikhalAI gaI hai| deva pAyAdapAyAnna smarendIvaralocana / - sasAradhvAntavidhvasahasa kasanipUdana / isake pahile caraNa 'pAyAdapAyAd' me yamaka hai / tIsare caraNa 'sasAra-dhvAnta vidhvasahasa' me anuprAsa alaGkAra hai / yaha dono paraspara nirapekSa rUpa se sthita hai| isalie yaha zabdAlaDkAro kI sasRSTi huI / dvitIya pAda me 'smerendIvaralocana' meM upamA alaGkAra aura zloka ke uttarArddha me sUrya ke Aropa mUlaka rUpaka alaGkAra hone me yahA arthAlaGkAro kI sasRSTi huI / aura gloka meM zabdAlaGkAra arthAlaGkAra dono ke hone se ubhayAlaGkAra kI mamRSTi huii| isa sasRSTi ke viSaya meM prAcIna tathA navIna AcAryoM ke mata meM bahuta bheda hai / vAmana Adi to kArya-kAraNa bhAva Adi hone para samRSTi mAnate hai parantu navIna AcArya usako sasRSTi na kaha kara saGkara kahate hai / aura aneka alaGkAro kI nirapekSa sthiti ko saMsRSTi kahate hai / saGkarAlaGkAra ke sandeha

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280] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 33 ebhinidarzanaiH svIyaiH parakIyaizca puSkalaiH / zabdavaicitryagarbhayamupamaiva prapaJcitA // alaGkAraikadezA ye matA saubhAgyamAginaH / , te'pyalaGkAradezIyA yojanIyAH kavIzvaraiH // iti zrI kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI pAlaGkArike caturthe'dhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH samAptaJcedamAlaGkArika caturthamadhikaraNam // saGkara, agAgibhAva saGkara aura ekAzrayAnupraveza saGkara tIno prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa die gaye hai| ___ isa adhikaraNa ke anta me adhikaraNa kA upasahAra karate hue granthakAra likhate hai ~~ apane [ svaracita ] tathA bahuta se dUsaro ke [ banAe hue] ina udAharaNo ke dvArA, zabdo ke vaicitrya se paripUrNa [aneka alaGkAroM ke rUpa meM ] yaha upamA [ alaGkAra] kA hI [prapaJca ] vistAra kiyA hai| ina alaGkAro ke jo [koI ] bhAga [ ekadeza ] sundara [ saubhAgya bhAginaH] ho alaGkAradezIya [ISadasamApto kalpakalpabdezyadezIyaraH / alaGkArasadRza ] vaha bhI kavIzvaroM ko [apane kAvyo meM ] prayukta karane cAhieM // 34 // iti zrI kAvyAlaGkAra sUtravRtti meM alaGkAranirUpaNaparaka [pAlaGkArika ] caturtha adhikaraNa meM tRtIya adhyAya samApta huaa| aura yaha mAlaGkArika caturtha adhikaraNa [ bhI ] samApta huaa| zrImadAcAryavizvezvarasiddhAntaziromaNiviracitAyA kAvyAlaGkakAradIpikAyAM hindIvyAkhyAyAM caturthAdhikaraNe tRtIyo'dhyAyaH samApta : samAptaJcedamAlaGkArikaM caturthamadhikaraNam / /

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'prAyogika nAma paJcamamadhikaraNam prathamo'dhyAyaH [kAvyasamayaH] samprati kAvyasamayaM zabdazuddhizca darzayitu prAyogikAkhyamadhikaraNamArabhyate / tatra kAvyasamayastAvaducyate / __ naika padaM dvi. prayojya prAyeNa / 5, 1, 1 / paJcama adhikaraNakA prathama adhyAya pichale adhikaraNo me se 'zArIra' nAmaka prathama adhikaraNa me kAvya kA prayojana, rIti tathA kAvyAGgo kA, 'dopadarzana' nAmaka dvitIya adhikaraNa me zabda-dopa aura artha-dopo kA, 'guNavivecana' nAmaka tRtIya adhikaraNa me guNa tathA alavAra kA bheda aura gabda-guNa tathA aryaguNo kA, aura caturya adhikaraNa me zabdAlaDkAro tathA upamA aura upamAprapaJca rUpa anya arthAlaGkAro kA vivecana kara cuke hai / isa prakAra kAvyAlaGkAra grantha kA viSaya prAya pratipAdita ho cukA hai / ava 'prAyogika' nAmaka isa paJcama adhikaraNa me 'kAvya-samaya' arthAt kAvya kI anusaraNIya paramparAo ora 'zabdazuddhi' rUpa prayogasambandhI vAto kA nirUpaNa kareMge imalie isa adhikaraNa kA nAma 'prAyogika' adhikaraNa hai / isake do adhyAya hai / jiname se pahale adhyAya me 'kAvya-samaya' arthAt mahAkaviyo kI kAvyasambandhI paramparAo kA nirUpaNa prArambha karate hai| aba [ isa paJcama adhikaraNa meM ] 'kAvya-samaya' [ kAvya meM dhyAna dene yogya AcAra yA paramparAno ] aura zabdazuddhi ke dikhalAne ke lie 'prAyogika' nAmaka [ yaha paJcama] adhikaraNa prArambha karate hai / usameM pahile [prayama adhyAya meM ] 'kAvya-samaya' [ kAvya ke paramparAprApta niyama yA prAcAra] kahate haiN| [kAvya meM prAya eka pada kA do bAra[eka sAya yA eka vAkya meM ] prayoga nahI karanA caahie|

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282 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 2 ekaM padaM na dviH prayojyaM prAyeNa bAhulyena / yathA payoda payoda iti / kiJcideva cAdipadaM dvirapi prayoktavyamiti / yathAsantaH santaH khalAH khalAH // 1 // nityaM saMhitaikapadavat pAdeSvardhAntavarjam / 5, 1, 2 / eka pada kA [ eka sAtha yA eka vAkya meM ] do bAra prayoga adhikatA se nahI karanA cAhie / [ kyoki isa prayoga kI punarukti se kAvya ko zobhA nahIM rahatI hai / aura kavi kI zakti kA paricaya milatA hai ] / jaise 'payoda payoda' [ isa prakAra kA prayoga kisI kavi ne kiyA hai, vaha anucita hai ] / 'ca' zradi koI-koI pada hI [ eka hI vAkya me ] do bAra bhI prayukta ho sakate hai / jaise- sajjana [ puruSa ] sajjana hI hote haiM aura duSTa duSTa hI Thahare / yahA dUsarA 'santa' pada dayAbhAvanAdiviziSTa santa kA bodhaka hone se aura dUsarA khala zabda krUratvAdi viziSTa khala artha kA bodhaka hone se viziSTa artha meM prayukta huA hai / isalie punarukta na hone se doSAdhAyaka nahI hai / vArANasIya prathama saskaraNa meM isa sUtra kI vRtti meM 'kiJcidivAdipada dvirapi prayoktavyamiti' isa prakAra kA pATha diyA huA hai / isakI vyAkhyA karate hue tripurahara bhUpAla ne likhA hai kiJciditi yathA--- te ca prApurudanvanta bubudhe cAdipuruSa / iti / ise TIkAkAra ne 'kiJcidivAdipada' kA udAharaNa diyA hai / isa udAharaNa meM cakAra kA do bAra prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isalie yaha cAdi pada ke dvi prayoga kA udAharaNa huA / isase pratIta hotA hai ki vRttigrantha meM ca chapane meM chUTa gayA hai / aura iva ke sthAna para eva pATha ucita pratIta hotA hai | isalie 'kiJcidivAdi pada' ke sthAna para 'kiJcideva cAdipada' pATha honA cAhie thA / 'kiJcidivAdipada' pATha ThIka nahI hai / isIlie hamane yahA mUla me 'kiJcideva cAdipada' yaha pATha hI rakhA hai / Adi pada se pAdAnuprAsa, pAdayamaka Adi meM dvi prayoga ucita hI hai yaha bAta sUcita kI hai // 1 // kAvya nirmANa karate samaya dhyAna rakhane yogya dUsarA niyama yA 'kAvyasamaya' batalAte hai eka pada ke samAna [ zloka ke ] pAdo me [ Ae hue pado meM ] sandhi zravazya [ nitya ] karanI cAhie / [ zlokArthaM rUpa ] zrardhAnta ko chor3a kara /

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[ 283 nityaM saMhitA pAdeSvekapadavadekasminniva pade / tatra hi nityA sUtra 3] paJcamAdhikaraNe prathamo'dhyAyaH saMhitetyAmnAyaH / yathA saMhitaikapade nityA nityA dhAtUpasargayoH / iti / zrarghAntavarjamardhAntaM varjayitvA // 2 // na pAdAntalaghorgurutvaJca sarvatra / 5, 1, 3 / / eka pada ke samAna arthAt jaise [ sureza, maheza Adi ] eka pada meM [ sandhi nitya aparihArya hai ] isI prakAra [ zloka ke prathama, dvitIya prathavA tRtIya aura caturtha ] [ caraNo meM prApta sandhi ] nitya [ aparihArya ] sandhi honI cAhie / vahAM [ ekapada meM, sahitA ] sandhi nitya hotI hai isa prakAra kA [ zrAmnAya ] zAstra vacana hai / jaise---- eka pada meM sandhi nitya hotI hai, aura dhAtu tathA upasarga [ ke bIca ] meM bhI nitya sandhi hotI hai / yaha 'ardhAnta varja' arthAt [ zloka ke ] ardhAnta ko chor3a kara / arthAt gloka ke pUrvArddha ke anta me Ae hue aura uttarArdha ke prArambha me Ae hue akSaro me yadi niyama ke anusAra koI sandhi prApta hotI hai to nitya sandhi nahI hogI / parantu usako choDa kara zloka ke pAdo me Ae hue zabdo me athavA prathama aura dvitIya caraNa ke bIca me yA tRtIya aura caturtha caraNa ke bIca me jahA sandhi prApta ho vahA sandhi avazya karanI cAhie / isa prakAra kI sandhi na karane me 'visandhi' dopa ho jAtA hai / use vAmana ne 'visandhi' aura nae AcAryo ne 'sandhi vizlepa' dopa kahA hai / 'dopAdhikaraNa' me isakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA cukA hai // 2 // chanda zAstra me vRtta ke laghu - guru varNoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'pAdAntastha vikalpena' isa niyama ke anumAra pAdAnta meM sthita laghu varNaM vikalpa me guru ho sakatA hai / arthAt pAdAnta me AyA huA laghu varNa AvazyakatAnusAra guru yA laghu kucha bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / jahA chanda ke lakSaNa ke anumAra pAdAnta me laghu akSara kI AvazyakatA hai vahA vaha laghu varNaM ginA jAyagA / aura jahA guru varNa kI AvazyakatA hai vahA pAdAnta me sthita vaha laghu varNa guru ginA jAyagA yaha niyama hai / isa niyama ke viSaya meM granthakAra kahate hai ki yaha niyama sArvatrika nahI hai / arthAt maba chando meM yaha lAgU nahI hotA hai / indravajA Adi kucha chandoM meM antima laghu varNa guru ho jAtA hai parantu kucha chandoM meM vaha guru nahI

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'prAyogika' nAmni paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ zabdazuddhi: ] sAmprataM zabdazuddhirucyate / rudrAvityekazepo'nveSyaH / 5, 2, 1 / rudrAvityatra prayoge ekazepo'nvepyoncepaNIyaH / rudrazca rudrANI 'prAyogika' paJcama avikaraNa meM dvitIya adhyAya paJcama adhikaraNa kA nAma 'prAyogika' adhikaraNa hai / isameM kaviyo ke lie zabda vAkya Adi ke prayoga ke niyama batalAe hai isalie isakA nAma 'prAyogika' avikaraNa rakhA gayA hai| isa ke prathama adhyAya meM 'kAvya- samaya nAma se kAvya meM prayukta hone vAlI sAmAnya vAto kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / ima adhyAya meM 'zazuddhi' ke viSaya meM likheMge / kucha zabda aise hote hai jo devane meM zuddha mAlUma hote hai parantu vAstava meM pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke anusAra unakA prayoga ucita nahIM hotA hai / aura kucha hote haiM jinako azuddha mAnakara kavi loga unakA prayoga nahI karate hai / para vAstava meM vaha zuddha hote hai aura prayukta kie jA sakate hai / ina dono prakAra ke kucha pracalita do kI vivecanA isa adhyAya meM kareMge / sabase pahale ziva aura pArvanI dono ke lie mammilita rUpa se hone vAle 'rudroM' isa prayoga ko lene hai / zabda isa prakAra ke va zabdaguddhi kA kathana karate hai / khoM' isa [ prayoga ] meM ekazepa [ kA vidhAna ] khojanA hogA [ zrarthAt milatA nahIM hai / ataeva yahAM ekazeSa karake ziva tathA pArvatI dono ke lie 'rukha' yaha prayoga karanA ucita nahIM ] hai / [ ziva aura pArvatI donoM ke lie sammilita rUpa meM ekazeSa dvArA ] 'eat' ima prayoga meM ekazeSa [ vidhAyaka sUtra kA ] anveSaNa karanA hogA / rudra aura [ rudrasya patnI ] khANI [ 'indravaruNabhavazarvarudramRDahimAraNyamAtulA

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sUtra 1] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [297 ceti 'pumAn striyAH' ityekazeSaH / sa ca na prApnoti / tatra hi "tallakSaNazvedeva vizeSa' ityanuvartate / iti tatraivakArakaraNAt strIpuMsakRta eva vizeSo bhavatIti vyavasthitam / atra tu 'puyogAdAkhyAyAm' iti vizeSAntaramapyastIti / etena indrau, bhavau, zavauM ityAdayaH prayogAH pratyuktAH // 1 // cAryANAmAnuka' isa sUtra se strIliMga meM kha zabda se DI pratyaya aura Anuka kA pAgama hokara 'rudrANI' pada banatA hai| ] isa [vigraha ] meM 'pumAn striyA' [aSTAdhyAyI 1, 2, 67] isa sUtra se ekazeSa ho sakatA thaa| parantu vaha prApta nahIM hotA hai| kyoki usa [ 'pumAn striyA' sUtra ] meM [ isase pahile ke 'vRddho yUnA tallakSaNazcedeva vizeSaH' aSTAdhyAyI 1, 2, 66 sUtra se ] 'tallakSaNazcedeva vizeSaH' isako anuvRtti pAtI hai| usameM 'evakAra' ke hone se . strItva-puMstvakRta bheda [ meM ] ho [ ekazeSa ] hotA hai / [anya kisI prakAra kA antara hone para ekazeSa nahIM hotA hai ] yaha vyavasthA kI gaI hai / yahA ['rudrazca rudrANI' ca isa vigraha ma] to 'puyogAdAkhyAyAm' isase [ aSTAdhyAyo 4, 1, 18 puruSa ke yoga se 'rudrasya patnI rudrANI prayavA 'gopasya patnI gopI' ityAdi ke samAna kevala strItva nahIM apitu patnItva rUpa] anya vizeSatA bhI hai| '[ isalie yahAM ekazeSa nahIM ho sakatA hai / ata. ekazeSa karake ziva aura pArvatI dono ke lie 'rudrau' pada kA prayoga anucita hai ] / isase ['rudrau' pada meM ekazeSa kI vivecanA se usI ke samAna ] 'indrau', 'bhavauM', 'zavoM" ityAdi ['indravaruNa-bhava-zarva' ityAdi aSTAdhyAyI ke 4, 1, 49 sUtra ke AdhAra para bane hue pado meM bhI ekazeSa karake kie hue] prayogo kA bhI khaNDana ho gyaa| [arthAt unakA bhI ekazeSa karake 'bhavo', 'zavauM' Adi prayoga nahIM karanA cAhie] // 1 // "milati', 'viklavati', 'kSapayati' ityAdi prayoga mahAkaviyo ne kie hai| parantu inake mUlabhUta dhAtu dhAtupATha me nahI milate hai / tava yaha prayoga kaise banate hai isa prakAra kI zakA ho sakatI hai| isakA samAdhAna karane ke lie agalA sUtra kahate hai 'aSTAdhyAyI 1, 2, 67 // prATAdhyAyI 1, 2, 36 / 3-aSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 48 /

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298 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 2-3 mili klaba-kSapi prabhRtInAM dhAtutvaM, dhAtugaNasyAsamApteH / 5, 1, 2 / milati, viklabati, kSapayati ityAdaya. prayogAH / tatra miliklaba -pi prabhRtInAM kathaM dhAtutvam / gaNapAThAd, gaNapaThitAnAmeva dhAtusaMjJAvidhAnAt / tatrAha / dhAtugaNasyAsamApteH / vardhate dhAtugaNa iti hi zabdavida zracakSate / tenaiSAM gaNapATho'numataH, ziSTaprayogAditi // 2 // valerAtmanepadamanityaM jJApakAt / 5, 2, 3 valeranudAttetvAdAtmanepadaM yat, tadanityaM dRzyate, 'lajjAlolaM valantI' ityAdiprayogeSu / tatkathamityAha jJApakAt // 3 // ''mili', 'klaba' aura 'kSapi' Adi [ dhAtupATha meM apaThita ] kA dhAtutva hai / dhAtugaNa [ dhAtupATha mAtra meM samasta dhAtuoM ] ke samApta na hone se [ dhAtupATha ke atirikta dhAtu bhI hote haiM ] 'milati', 'viklabati', 'kSapayati' ityAdi prayoga pAe jAte haiM / unameM [ unake mUlabhUta ] mili, klaba, kSapi zrAdi kA dhAtutva [ dhAtupATha meM paThita na hone ke kAraNa ] kaise hogA ? gaNapATha se, [ bhvAdi ] gaNa paThito kI hI dhAtusaMjJA kA vidhAna [ "bhUvAdayo dhAtavaH' isa sUtra meM ] hone se / [ gaNo meM apaThita mili Adi kA dhAtRtva kaise hogA, yaha prazna huA ] / isakA uttara dete hai / dhAtugaNa ke [ usI parigaNita dhAtupATha ke bhItara ] samApta na hone se [ dhAtupATha ke bAhara bhI bahuta dhAtu ziSTa prayoga se mAnI jA sakatI hai / isIlie ] dhAtugaNa bar3ha sakatA hai / yaha zabdazAstrajJa [ vyAkaraNa ke prAcArya ] kahate hai / isalie ina [ mili, klaba Adi ] kA gaNapATha [ dhAtutva ] ziSTa prayoga se zrabhimata haiM / [ 'prabhRti' -grahaNa se 'bIja' 'Andola' Adi kA grahaNa bhI karanA cAhie / 'ziSTa' prayoga [ zabda ] se pratiprasaGga kA vAraNa kiyA hai // 2 // 'bali' [ dhAtu ] kA [ anudAttet nimittaka ] zrAtmanepada [ cakSiD dhAtu meM ikAra tathA DakAra do anubandha karane rUpa ] jJApaka [bala ] se anitya hai / [ isalie parasmaipada meM bhI usakA prayoga ho sakatA hai ] / Eff [ dhAtu ] ke anudAtta [ ikAra ke ] it hone se [ "anuvAtati ' apTAdhyAyI 1, 3, 1 // 2 aSTAdhyAyI 1, 3, 12

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sUtra 4 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH kiM punastajjJApakamata Aha [ 299 cakSiGo dvyanubandhakaraNam / 5, 2, 4 / caciGa ikAreNaivAnudAttena siddhamAtmanepadaM kimartha DitkaraNam / yat kriyate zranudAttanimittasyAtmanepadasyAnityatvajJApanArtham / etena vedi-bhasi tarji-prabhRtayo vyAkhyAtAH / zravedayati, bhartsayati tarjayati ityAdInAM prayogANAM darzanAt / anyatrApyanudAttanivandhanasya zrAtmanepadasyAnityatvaM jJApakena draSTavyamiti // 4 // zrAtmanepadam' isa sUtra se vihita ] jo zrAtmanepada huA hai vaha 'lajjAlolaM valantI' ityAdi prayogo meM anitya dikhalAI detA [ pAyA jAtA ] hai / vaha [ 'valantI' pada meM parasmaipadanimittaka zatR pratyaya ] kaise huA [ isa zaGkA ke hone para usa ke samAdhAna ke lie ] yaha kahate hai / [ cakSiD dhAtu meM ikAra tathA DakAra anudAttet aura DitkaraNa rUpa anubandhadvaya kI racanA rUpa ] jJApaka ke hone se / [ anudAttet nimitaka zrAtmanepada kI anityatA hone se 'valantI' meM zrAtmanepada ko anitya mAna kara hI kavi ne 'balantI' pada kA prayoga kiyA hai ] // 3 // [ 'valantI' meM anudAttet nimittaka Atmanepada kI pranityatA kA ] vaha jJApaka kyA hai / isake [ dikhalAne ke ] lie [ agale sUtra meM jJApaka ] kahate hai --- afts [ dhAtu ] ke [ ikAra aura DakAra rUpa ] do anubandhoM kA karanA [ hI isa viSaya meM jJApaka hai ] / cakSi [ dhAtu meM ] ke anudAtta 'ikAra' [ ke it hone ] se hI [ 'anudAtaDita zrAtmanepadam' isa sUtra se ] zrAtmanepada siddha ho sakatA hai phira DiskaraNa kisalie kiyA hai / jo [ yaha DitkaraNa ] kiyA hai vaha anudAttet nimittaka zrAtmanepada ke anityatvajJApana ke lie [ hI ] kiyA hai / isa [ anudAttet-nimittaka zrAtmanepada ke zranityatva-jJApana ] se vedi, bhatsa, rtAja prabhRti [ dhAtutro meM anudAttet arthAt ikAra kI it sajJA hone para bhI prAtmanepada ke na hone ke kAraNa ] kI vyAkhyA ho gaI / [ una dhAtu ke pranudAttethone para bhI zranudAttet-nimittaka zrAtmanepada ke anitya hone se hI ] pravedayati, bhartsayati, tarjayati zrAdi [ parasmaipada ke ] prayoga dekhe jAne se / [ cakSiD dhAtu se ] anyatra bhI anudAttanimittaka zrAtmanepada kA pranityatva [isa ] jJApaka se samajhanA cAhie // 4 // isa prakAra AtmanepadI dhAtuo ke parasmaipada ke rUpo kA samarthana kara Age parasmaipadI 'kSi' ora khida Adi dhAtuo ke 'kSIyate', 'khidyane' Adi Atmane

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300] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 5 kSIyate iti karmakartari / 5, 2, 5 / kSIyate iti prayogo dRzyate / sa karmakartari draSTavyaH / kSIyateranAtmanepaditvAt // 5 // pada prayogo ke samarthana kA prakAra agale do sUtro meM dikhalAte hai| ina dono * prayogo kA samarthana granthakAra ne karmakartA me unakA prayoga mAna kara kiyA hai| java saukarya ke atizaya ke dyotana ke lie kartRtva kI avivakSA ho jAtI hai tava karma, karaNa Adi anya kAraka bhI kartA kA sthAna grahaNa kara lete hai| jaise hama kalama se likhate hai / likhane me kalama sAdhana yA karaNa hai| parantu kabhI kabhI 'yaha kalama vaDA acchA likhatI hai' athavA 'yaha kalama to calatI hI nahIM isa prakAra ke prayoga karate haiN| yahA~ vAstavika kartA me kartRtva kI avivakSA hone se karaNabhUta kalama me karta tva A jAtA hai / 'sAdhvasikchina tti' Adi prayoga aise hI hai| isI prakAra odanaM pacati', 'kASTha bhinatti' Adi vAkyo me java sauka tizaya dyotana ke lie kartatva kI avivakSA hotI hai tava karmarUpa odana tathA kANTha bhI kartA kA sthAna le lete hai| tava 'pacyate odana svayameva, 'bhidyate kASTha svayameva' isa prakAra ke prayoga hote hai / inhI ko karmakartA me prayoga kahate hai / jaba karma kAraka kartA kA sthAna letA hai taba "karmavat karmaNA tulya kriya' sUtra se karmavadbhAva hone se yak, Atmanepada, ciNvadbhAva, ciNvad iT Adi kArya hote hai / isalie jina dhAtuo se sAdhAraNataH kartA meM pratyaya hone kI avasthA meM parasmaipada hotA hai jaise 'odana pacati'. 'kASTha bhinatti Adi meM unhI dhAtuo ke karmakartA me yak pratyaya aura Atmanepada hokara 'pacyate odana "bhidyate kANTha' isa prakAra ke prayoga hote hai / yaha 'karmakartA ke prayoga kahalAte hai / isI prakAra 'kSIyateM' tathA 'khidyate' prayoga bhI karmakartA me hone se uname Atmanepada hotA hai isa bAta kA pratipAdana agale do sUtro me karate hai| kSIyate yaha [prayoga ] karmakartA meM [ hone se yahAM pratmanepada ] hai / kSIyate yaha prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / vaha karmakartA meM samajhanA cAhie / "kSi' dhAtu ke parasmaipadI hone se / kSi' dhAtu, dhAtupATha me tIna jagaha AyA hai| pahilA bhvAdi gaNa me 'kSi kSaye' dhAtu AyA hai, vaha akarmaka hai / usakA 'kSayati' rUpa vanatA hai / dUsarA 1aSTAdhyAyI 3, 1, 87 /

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paJcamASikaraNa dvitIyo'dhyAyaH khidyate iti ca / 5, 2, 6 1 1 khidyate iti ca prayogo dRzyate / so'pi karmakartaryeva draSTavyo, na kateri / adaivAdikatvAn khir3heH // 6 // sUtra 6] / [ 301 'kSi hisAyAm' 'svAdigaNa' me AyA hai vahA~ 'kSiNoti' rUpa vanatA hai / aura tIsarA 'kSi nivAsagatyo' 'tudAdi gaNa' me AyA hai vahA bhI parasmaipadI dhAtuo meM hI usakA pATha hai isalie sabhI jagaha 'kSIyate' me Atmanepada kA upapAdana karmakartA me prayoga mAna kara hI ho sakatA hai / 'vyaya dhana kSiNoti' isa vAkya me jaba vyaya rUpa kartA me kartuM tva kI avivakSA ho jAtI hai tava karmakartA me prayoga hokara 'ghana svayameva kSIyate' isa prakAra kA prayoga ho jAtA hai // 5 // aura [ isI prakAra ] 'khidyate' yaha [ prayoga ] bhI [ karmakartA kA hI prayoga samajhanA cAhie ] aura 'khidyate' yaha prayoga bhI pAyA jAtA hai vaha bhI karmakartA meM [ ho ] samajhanA cAhiye, kartA meM nahIM / 'khida' ghAtu ke [ yahA ] daivAdika [ divAdigaNapaThita ] na hone se / yahA granthakAra likha rahe hai ki 'khida' dhAtu 'divAdigaNa' kI nahI hai| isalie 'khidyate' rUpa kevala karmakartA me vana sakatA hai / kartA me nahI / parantu granthakAra kA yaha mata cintya hai / kyoki 'divAdi gaNa' me 'khida dainye' dhAtu pAyA jAtA hai aura vahA~ kartA me hI 'khidyate' rUpa bhI banatA hai / vastuta 'khida' dhAtu bhI dhAtupATha meM tIna jagaha AyA hai / 'tudAdigaNa' me 'khida parighAte' dhAtu hai usakA 'khindati' rUpa banatA hai / isake atirikta' rughAdi' tathA 'divAdi' gaNo me 'khida dainye' isa rUpa me 'khida' dhAtu kA pATha huA hai / 'rughAdigaNa' me usakA 'khinte' rUpa banatA hai aura 'divAdigaNa' meM 'khidyate ' rUpa kartA me vanatA haiM / 'tudAdigaNa' meM 'khida parighAte' dhAtu ke prakaraNa me hI siddhAntakaumudIkAra ne 'aya dainye rudhAdau divAdI ca' yaha spaSTa rUpa se likha bhI diyA hai / parantu vAmana mAlUma nahI kisa AdhAra para 'adaivAdikatvAt khide ' arthAt khida dhAtu daivAdika~~divAdigaNa paThita nahI hai, yaha likha rahe hai / 'sthitasya gatizcinta - nIyA' ke anusAra yadi isakI sagati lagAnI hai to isa prakAra lagAI jA sakegI ki vAmana ne kisI vizeSa sthala ke prayoga vizeSa ko 'parighAtArthaka tudAdigaNIya 'khida' dhAtu se banA huA mAna kara yaha likhA hai ki yahA isa vizeSa prayoga meM prayukta 'khida' dhAtu divAdigaNa paThita daivAdika dhAtu nahI hai / imalie uma sthala me 'khidyate' yaha prayoga karmakartA me samajhanA cAhie / divAdigaNa paThita khida

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttoM mArgerAtmanepadamalakSma / 5, 2, 7 / curAdau 'mArga anveSaNe' iti paThyate / 'A dhRpAdvA' iti vikalpitaNickaH / tasmAd yadAtmanepadaM dRzyate 'mArgantAM dehabhAramiti' tadalakSma alakSaNam / parasmaipaditvAnmArgeH / tathA ca ziSTaprayogaH 'karakisalayaM dhUtvA dhUtvA vimArgati vAsasI' // 7 // 302] [ sUtra 7-8 lolamAnAdayazcAnazi / 5,2,8 / lalamAno vallamAna ityAdayazcAnazi draSTavyAH / zAnacastvabhAvaH / parasmaipaditvAd dhAtUnAmiti // 8 // dhAtu kA to kartA meM bhI 'khidyate' prayoga vana sakatA hai / granthakAra kA yaha abhiprAya mAna kara hI prakRta grantha kI saMgati lagAnI cAhie // 6 // 'mArga' thAtu kA zrAtmanepada zuddha hai / 'curAdigaNa' meM 'mArga' zranveSaNe' yaha [ dhAtu ] par3hA jAtA hai / 'AdhRSAd vA' isa niyama se usase [ curAdi sulabha ] Nic vikalpa se kahA gayA hai / usa [ 'mArga' dhAtu ] se jo Atmanepada dekhA hai jaise 'mArgantAM dehabhAram' isa prayoga meM [ mArga dhAtu se loT lakAra meM 'mArgantAm ' prayoga banatA hai ] / vaha [ zralakSma lalaNahIna - dUSita ]azuddha hai / 'mArga' dhAtu ke parasmaipadI hone se / isIlie [ 'mArga' dhAtu kA ] ziSTa prayoga [ parasmaipada meM hI kiyA jAtA hai ] jaise-- [ sambhoga ke anantara nagnA nAyikA ] kara kisalaya ko hilA hilA kara [ nIce pahanane aura Upara pror3hane ke ] donoM vastroM ko [ palaMga para idhara-udhara ] khojatI hai / yahA 'vimArgati' yaha 'mArga' vAtu kA parasmaipada meM prayoga kiyA gayA haiM / yahI giSTAnumodita prayoga hone se zuddha prayoga hai / aura 'mArgantAm' Adi Atmanepada meM banAe hue 'mArga' bAtu ke prayoga azuddha hai // 7 // lolamAna zrAdi [ zrAtmanepadI sadRza prayoga ] cAnazU [ pratyaya ] meM [ bane samajhane cAhieM, AtmanepadI dhAtuzrI se vihita zAnac pratyaya se bane hue nahIM samajhane cAhieM ] 1 nolamAnaH bellamAnaH ityAdi [ zrAtmanepadI dhAtugro ke sadRza dikhalAI

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sUtra 8] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya. [303 dene vAle prayoga AtmanepadI dhAtu se zAnac pratyaya meM muk kA Agama hokara nahIM apitu parasmaipadI dhAtu se hI ] cAnaza [pratyaya] meM [ mugAgama karake banAe hue ] samajhane caahie| [una] dhAtuo ke parasmaipadI hone se|[un dhAtuo se pare] zAnaca [ pratyaya ] kA abhAva hai| [parasmaipadI dhAtu se zAnac pratyaya nahI ho sakatA hai ataeva 'tAcchIlyavayovacanazaktiSu cAna' sUtra se 'cAna' pratyaya karake unakI siddhi hotI hai yaha samajhanA cAhie / ___lolamAna, vellamAna zabdo kA prayoga nimna zloka me ikaTThA hI kiyA gayA hai lolamAnanavamauktikahAra vellamAnacikurarulathamAlyam / svinnavatrimavikasvaranetra kauzala vijayate kalakaNThayA // 8 // labha dhAtu 'Dulabhap prAptau' isa rUpa me prApti artha me bhvAdigaNa meM paDhA gayA hai| isa ke 'bhayantAvasthA' me do prakAra ke prayoga kAvyo me-pAe jAte hai / kahI to 'aNyantAvasthA' kA labha dhAtu kA kartA NyantAvasthA meM karma ho gayA hai aura usame dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga ho rahA hai| aura kahI aNyantAvasyA kA labha dhAtu kA kartA NyantAvasthA meM karma nahI huA hai aura usame NyantAvasthA me dvitIyA ke bajAya tRtIyA vibhakti kA prayoga ho rahA hai| pahile prakAra kA udAharaNa dIdhikAsu kumudAni vikAsa lambhayanti gigirA zazibhAsa / hai / isame 'lambhayanti' yaha Nijanta kA prayoga hai / isakA aNyantAvasthA meM 'kumudAni vikAsa labhante' isa prakAra kA prayoga hotA hai / isame 'kumudAni' kartA hai, 'vikAsa' karma hai, labhante' aNyantAvasyA kI kriyA hai / 'kumudAni vikAsa labhante, tAni zagibhAsa prerayanti' isa prakAra prayojaka kartA me Nic pratyaya karane para 'zazibhAsa kumudAni vikAma lambhayanti' yaha prayoga banatA hai / isameM kumudAni yaha karma vibhakti hai aura dvitIyA kA rUpa hai| pANini ke 'gativRddhipratyavasAnArthagandakarmAkarmakANAmaNi kartAsa Nau' isa mUtra se gatyarthaka Adi dhAtuo kA aNyantAvasthA kA kartA NyantAvasthA me karma sajaka ho jAtA hai / aura usame dvitIyA vibhakti hotI hai / jaise 'apTAdhyAyI 3, 2, 129 aSTAdhyAyI 1,4,52

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304 ] kovyAlaGkArasUtravRttI sUtra 9 labhergatyarthatvANNicyaNau kartuH karmatvAkarmatve / 5,2, 6 / zatrUnagamayat svarga vedArtha svAnavedayat / AgayaccAmRta devAn vedamadhyApayadvidhim / Asayat salile pRthivI ya. sa me zrIharigati // isI prakAra 'zazibhAsa kumudAni vikAsa lambhayanti' yaha prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isameM labha dhAtu ke prAptyarthaka hone para bhI usame gati kA prAdhAnya aura prApti kI gauNatA hone se gatyarthaka mAna kara aNyantAvasthA kA kartA NyantAvasthA me karma ho gayA hai| dUsare udAharaNa me 'sutarA sita munervapu visAribhi , dvijAvalivyAjanigAkarAzubhi sitimnA lambhayan acyuta zucismitA vAcamavocat' isa dUsare udAharaNa meM 'sitimA munervapu labhate' zvetimA muni nArada ke zarIra ko prApta karatI hai ta kRSNa prerayati' kRSNa usako prerita karate hai, isalie kRSNa nArada muni ke zarIra ko zuklatA se yukta karate hue bole / yahA aNyantAvasyA ke kartA kI karma sajJAhokara dvitIyA vibhakti nahI huI hai| apitu kartA ke usake kartRkaragayostRtIyA' isa sUtra se usake kartA me tRtIyA vibhakti hotI hai| yahA karmasajJA na hone kA kAraNa labha dhAtu kI gatyarthatA kA na honA hai / labha dhAtu kA sAdhAraNa artha to dhAtupATha ke anusAra prApti hai / parantu vaha prApti gatipUrvaka hI hotI hai / usame kahI gati kA prAdhAnya aura prApti kA aprAdhAnya hotA hai tathA kahI prApti kA prAdhAnya aura gati kA aprAdhAnya hotA hai| iname se jahA gati kA prAdhAnya hotA hai vahA dhAtu ko gatyarthaka mAna kara 'gatibuddhipratyavasAnArtha zabdakarmAkarmakANAmaNi kartA sa Nau' isa sUtra se aNyantAvasthA ke kartA kI NyantAvasthA meM karma sajJA hotI hai| aura usame dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai / aura jahA prApti kA prAdhAnya hotA hai gati gauNa hotI hai vahA labha dhAtu ko gatyarthaka nahI mAnA jA sakatA hai ataeva vahA aNyanta avasthA kA katA karmasajaka nahI hotA hai / vahA kartA me tRtIyA vibhakti hojAtI hai isa prakAra labha dhAtu ke NyantAvasthA meM yaha do prakAra ke prayoga pAe jAte hai| isa vAta ko granthakAra agale sUtra meM kahate hai - labha dhAtu ke gatyarthaka hone [ aura kahI gatyarthaka na hone se Nijanta aSTAdhyAyI 2, 3, 18 / apTAdhyAyI 1,4,52 /

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sUtra 9] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 305 astyayaM labhirya: prAptyupasarjanAM gatimAha / asti ca gatyupasarjana prAptimAheti / atra pUrvasmin pakSe gatyarthatvAbhAvAllabherNicyaNau kartA tasya 'gatyAdisUtreNa karmasaMjJA / yathA dIrghikA kumudAni vikAsa lambhayanti zizirAH zazibhAsaH / dvitIyapakSe gatyarthanvAbhAvAllabheNicyau katurna karmasaMjJA / yathA sitaM sitimnA sutarAM munervapu visAribhiH saudhamivAtha lambhayan / dvijAvalivyAja nizAkarAMzubhiH zucismitAM [ me prayojaka kartA kI avasthA ] meM zraNyanta zravasyA ke kartA kA karmatva aura akarmatva [ kahIM karmasaMjJA aura kahIM usakA prabhAva ] hotA hai / vAcamavocadacyutaH // 6 // eka isa prakAra kA labha dhAtu [ kA prayoga ] hai jo, prApti jisameM upasarjana [ guNIbhUta ] hai aisI gati ko kahatA hai / aura [ dUsarA isa prakAra kA labha dhAtu kA prayoga hai ] jo, gati jisameM upasaMrjanIbhUta hai isa prakAra kI prApti ko kahatA hai / una [ dono meM se prApti jisameM guNIbhUta hai aise gatipradhAna ] prathama pakSa meM labha dhAtu ke gatyarthaka [ gatipradhAnArthaka ] hone se zraNyantAvasthA meM jo kartA usakI [ 'gatibuddhipratyavasAnArtha zabdakarmAkarmakANAmaNi kartA sa 'Na' ityAdi ] gatyAdi sUtra se karmasajJA ho jAtI hai / jaise- candramA kI zItala kiraNeM bAvaDiyo meM kumudo ko khilAtI [ vikAsa ko prApta karAtI ] hai / -- yahA kumuda vikAsa ko prApta karate hai isa baNyantAvasthA ke vAkya me kumuda kartA hai / gItala zazikiraNe kumudo ko vikAsa prApta karavAtI hai / isa NijantAvasthA me prayojaka kartA gazikiraNe hai / aura aNyantAvasthA kA kartA kumuda yahA karma ho gayA hai / [ prApti pradhAna ] dUsare pakSa meM [ labha dhAtu ke ] gatyarthaka na hone se Nijanta meM NyantAvasthA ke kartA ko karma saMjJA nahIM hotI hai / jaise svabhAvata: gaura varNa [ nArada ] muni ke zarIra ko [ cAro zrora ] phailane aSTAdhyAyI 1, 4, 52 / aSTAdhyAyI 1, 4, 52 /

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306] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 10-11 te me zabdau nipAteSu // 5,2,10 // tvayA mayetyasminnarthe te me zabdau nipAteSu draSTavyau / yathA zrutaM te vacanaM tasya / vedAnadhIta iti nAdhigataM purA me // 10 // tiraskRta iti paribhUte'ntadhyupacArAt // 5,2,11 // vAlI dantapakti ke bahAne candramA kI kiraNo se [ aura bhI adhika ] zvetimA ko prApta karAte hue kRSNa jI zubhrasmita yukta vANI bole| yahA 'lambhayan' yaha NyantAvasthA kI kriyA hai usakA aNyantAvasthA kA kartA 'sitimA' hai / parantu yahA gatyartha kI pradhAnatA na hone se 'gatibuddhi' ityAdi sUtra se 'sitimA' kI karma sajJA nahI huii| taba 'kartRkaraNayostRtIyA isa sUtra se usame tRtIyA hokara 'sitimnA lambhayan' yaha prayoga banA hai // 9 // __ yuSmad-asmad zabda ke SaSThI aura caturthI vibhakti ke ekavacana me 'tubhya', 'te' aura 'tava', 'te' yaha do prakAra ke rUpa banate, hai / parantu ina do vibhaktiyo ke atirikta kahI-kahI tRtIyAdi vibhakti me bhI 'te' 'me' pado kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai / jaise 'zruta te vacana tasya' yahA~ 'tvayA ke sthAna para 'te' prayukta kiyA gayA hai / vedAnadhIte iti nAdhigata purA meM yahA~ 'me nAdhigata' kA artha 'mayA nAdhigatam' hai / isa prakAra ina udAharaNo me tRtIyA vibhakti meM 'te', 'maiM' zabdo kA prayoga kaise huA hai yaha zaGkA hotI hai| usakA samAdhAna granthakAra yaha karate hai ki 'te', 'me' zabdo kA nipAto me pATha mAna kara yahA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isI bAta ko agale sUtra me kahate hai 'te', 'me' zabda nipAto meM [paThita ] hai| 'tvayA' 'mayA' isa [tRtIyAnta ke ] artha meM te[tvayA ], 'me' [ mayA ] zabda nipAto meM dekhane cAhieM / jaise-- / tumane usakA vacana sunaa| [vaha ] veda paDhatA hai yaha bAta maine pahale nahI jAnI / [ina dono udAharaNo me nipAta paThita 'te', 'me' zabdo kA prayoga samajhanA cAhie] // 10 // 'tiraskRta' yaha [ zabda ] paribhUta apamAnita] artha meM mantardhAna [chipa jAne ] ke sAdRzya se [ gauNIvRtti lakSaNA se prayukta hotA hai|

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sUtra 11] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [307 tiraskRta iti zabdaH paribhUte dRzyate / 'rAjJA tiraskRta' iti / sa ca na prApnoti / tiraH zabdasya hi "tiro'ntadhauM" ityantadhauM gatisaMbA / tasyAM ca satyAM "tiraso'nyatarasyAm" iti sakAraH / tatkathaM tiraskRta iti pribhuute| Aha, antadhyu pacArAt, iti / paribhUto hyantarhinavad bhavati / mukhyastu prayogo yathA lAvaNyaprasaratiraskRtAGgalekhAm // 11 // "tiraskRtaH' yaha zabda apamAnita isa artha meM [prayukta huA ] dekhA jAtA hai| jaise ] 'rAjA se tiraskRta [rAjA se apmaanit]| vaha[paribhUta yA apamAnita artha meM tiraskRta zabda kA prayoga vyAkaraNa ke niyamAnusAra ] prApta nahIM hotA hai / tiraH' zabda ko antardhAna [artha ] meM "tiro'ntausUtra se gati sajJA hotI hai / aura usa [ gatisaMjJA ] ke ho jAne para tiraso'nyatarasyAm' isa sUtra se [visarga ko ka ke pare rahate ] sakAra [ hokara 'tiraskRta' yaha rUpa] hotA hai / taba paribhUta artha meM [ gatisajJA na hone se ] tiraskRta' yaha [prayoga] kaise hogaa| [isa zaGkA ke hone para usake samAdhAna ke lie ] kahate hai / antardhAna kA [ apamAnita meM ] sAdRzya hone se / apamAnita [vyakti ] antahita ke samAna [alakSya, upekSita ] ho jAtA hai| [isalie sAdRzya lakSaNA se paribhUta ke lie bhI tiraskRta zabda kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa tiraskRta zabda kA ] mukhya prayoga to [ isa prakAra ke udAharaNo meM samajhanA cAhie] jaise saundarya ke prasAra se jisakI deha rekhAeM chipa gaI hai [ aisI sundarI ko] // 11 // nipeSa ke artha me nan kA prayoga hotA hai| isakA "nan' ima mUtra se suvanta ke mAtha samAma hotA hai| usake bAda nalopo natra ' ima sUtra se uttarapada pare rahate nan ke na kA lopa ho jAtA hai| usake bAda yadi 'dvitIya' Adi uttarapada pare hai tava advitIya spa bana jAtA hai| parantu jahA~ ajAdi 'eka' Adi 1-3 aSTAdhyAyI 1, 4, 71 / 2-1 apTAdhyAyI 8, 3, 42 / 5 apTAghyAyo 2, 2, / 6 aSTAdhyAyI 6,3.7 /

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308] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 12 naikazabdaH supsupeti samAsAt // 5,2,12 // araNyAnIsthAnaM phalanamitanaikadra mamidam / ityAdiSu naikazabdo dRzyate / sa ca na siddhayati / nasamAse hi "nalopo namaH' iti nalope "tasmAnnuDaci' iti nuDAgame sati anekamiti rUpaM syAt / niranubandhasya na zabdasya samAse lakSaNaM nAsti / tatkathaM 'naka' zabda ityAha / supsupeti samAsAt // 12 // gabda pare ho vahA~ 'tasmAnnuDaci' isa sUtrase lupta nakAra nan' se pare, ajAdi 'eka' ke pUrva 'nuT' kA Agama hokara 'aneka' pada banatA hai / isalie nan kA 'eka' pada ke mAtha samAsa hokara aneka' yaha rUpa banatA hai / 'naika' pada nahI banatA hai / 'nana ke atirikta nipedhArtha me 'na' pada bhI ho sakatA hai| parantu usake samAsa kA vidhAyaka koI sUtra nahI hai / 'nan' isa sUtra se 'nan' kA hI samAsa hotA hai 'na' kA nahI / tava 'naika' pada kA prayoga kaise hotA hai / yaha zaGkA hai| isakA uttara granthakAra ne yaha diyA hai ki 'naka' isa pada me nam kA nahIM apitu niSedhArthaka kevala 'na' pada kA 'eka' pada ke sAtha supsupA'-'subanta subantena saha mamasyate' isa niyama ke anusAra samAsa karake 'naka' pada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / imI vAta ko agale sUtra meM kahate hai 'neka' zabda [ kA prayoga] supsupA [ isa niyama ke anusAra kie hue] samAsa se [ siddha hotA hai / yaha vanasthAna phalo se jhuke hue aneka vRkSo se yukta hai| ityAdi [ udAharaNo ] meM 'naka' zabda kA prayoga ] dekhA jAtA hai| [parantu vyAkaraNa ke niyama ke anusAra ] vaha siddha nahI hotA hai| kyoki 'mana' sUtra me] nam samAsa hone para 'nalopo namaH' isa sUtra se [ nana ke ] na kA lopa hone para aura tasmAnnaDaci' isa satra se naDAgama karane para 'anakam' yaha rUpa [ middha ] hogaa|['nkm' yaha siddha nahIM hogaa| aura nakAra rUpa ] anubandha rahita [ kevala ] na zabda kA samAsa hone kA [ vidhAyaka ] sUtra nahIM hai| taba 'naka' isa zabda [ kI siddhi ] ko hogI [ isa zaDA kA samAdhAna karane ] ke lie kahate hai| 'supsapA' isa niyama 7 se samAsa hone se [ 'naika' zabda siddha hotA hai| 1-4 sapTAdhyAyI 6, 3, 72 / 1-3 apTAdhyAyI 6, 3, 73 /

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sUtra 13] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya [309 madhupipAsuprabhRtInAMsamAso gamigAmyAdiSu pAThAt // 5,2,13 / / madhupipAsumadhuvratasevitaM mukulajAlamajRmbhata vIrudhAm / ityAdiSu madhupipAsuprabhRtInAM samAso gamigAmyAdipu pipAsuprabhRtInAM pAThAn / zritAdiSu gamigAmyAdInAM dvitIyAsamAsalakSaNaM darzayati // 13 // 'supsupA' samAsa kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki mahAbhASyakAra ne 'saha supA' sUtra kA yoga-vibhAga kara jo 'suvanta suvantena saha samasyate' yaha niyama banAyA hai usake anusAra 'na' aura 'eka' pada kA samAsa hokara 'naka' pada siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai // 12 // samAsa ke prasaga me 'madhupipAsu' sadRza samAso kA viSaya bhI sadigdha ho sakatA hai isalie usakA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie agalA sUtra likhate hai| 'madhupipAsu' me madhu ko pIne kI icchA vAlA isa prakAra kA dvitINa samAsa athavA madhu kA pipAsu isa prakAra kA SaSThI tatpurupa samAma ho sakatA hai| parantu dvitIyA samAsa ke vidhAyaka 2'dvitIyAzritAtItapatitagatAtyastaprAptApanna' isa sUtra me pipAsu Adi pado kA pATha na hone se dvitIyA tatpuruSa nahIM ho sakatA hai / aura 'na lokAvyayaniSThAkhalarthatanAm' isa sUtra se 'pipAmu' 'didRkSu Adi 'u' pratyayAnto ke, yoga meM papThI vibhakti kA hI nipedha hone me pachItatpurupa samAsa bhI nahI ho makatA hai| tava 'madhupipAsu' Adi prayoga kaine vana sakate hai| yaha zaGkA hotI hai / usakA samAdhAna yaha karate hai ki isa prakAra ke prayogo me 'gamigAmyAdInAmupasakhyAnam' isa vArtika ke anusAra dvitIyA tatpurupa samAsa ho sakatA hai| isI bAta ko agale sUtra meM kahate hai| madhupipAsu ityAdi [ pado] kA[ dvitIyA tatpuruSa ] samAsa [ 'gamigAmyAdInAmupasaMkhyAnam' isa vArtika ke antargata ] gamigAmyAdiko meM pATha hone se [ ho jAtA hai| maghupipAsu bhUmarakula se sevita latAo kA puSpasamUha vikasita huaa| ityAdi [ prayogo ] meM 'madhupipAsu' ityAdi [ zabdo] kA mamAsa 'gamigAmyA 1 apTAdhyAyI 2, 1, 4 / 2 aSTAdhyAyI 2, 1, 24 / 3 apTAdhyAyI 2, 3, 69 /

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310] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 14-15 trivalIzabdaH siddhaH sajJA cet / 5, 2, 14 / trivalIzabdaH siddho yadi saMjJA / "diksaMkhye saMjJAyAm' iti saMjJAyAmeva samAsavidhAnAt // 14 // bimbAdhara iti vRttau madhyamapadalopinyAm / 5, 2, 15 / . diko' meM 'pipAsu prabhRti [ pado ] kA pATha hone se [ ho sakatA hai| zritAdi' meM 'gamigAmyAdiko' ke [ dvitIyA tatpuraSa ] samAsa kA vidhAna [ vidhAyaka sUtra ] dikhalAyA hai // 13 // samAsa ke prasaga me hI 'trivalI' zabda kA samAsa bhI sandehAspada ho sakatA hai / yadi trivalI zabda asajJA ho to usame "taddhitArthottarapadasamAhAre ca' isa sUtra se sakhyAvAcaka 'tri' zabda kA 'valI' ke sAtha samAsa kahA jA sakatA hai / parantu yahA~ 'paJcakapAla' ke samAna 'taddhitArtha' vipaya nahI hai / aura na 'paJcagavadhana' ke samAna 'uttarapada' viSaya hai aura nahI 'paJcapAtra' ityAdi ke samAna 'samAhAra' vivakSita hai kyoki samAhAra pakSa mAnane para "sa napusakam' isa sUtra ke anusAra 'trivalI' pada napusaka liga ho jAnA cAhie thaa| isalie 'taddhitArthottarapadasamAhAre ca' isa sUtra se samAsa nahI ho sakatA hai| yaha zaGkA hotI hai / isakA samAdhAna sUtrakAra isa prakAra karate hai. ki 'trivalI' zabda ko sajJA zabda mAna kara 'diksakhye sajJAyAm' isa sUtra se 'tryavayavA valI trivalI' isa vigraha me samAsa hokara 'trivalI' pada siddha hotA hai / yaha vAta agale sUtra me kahate hai / trivalI zabda [ kA samAsa ] siddha hai yadi vaha saMjJA hai| 'trivalI' zabda siddha hai yadi saMjJA hai| 'dikasaMkhye sajJAyAm [aSTAdhyAyI 2, 150 ] isa [ sUtra] se saMjJA meM hI samAsa kA vidhAna hone se| 'trivalI' zabda kA prayoga nimna udAharaNa me pAyA jAtA hai| koNastrivalyeva kucAvalAvUstasyAstu dnnddstnuromraaji| hAro'pi tantrIriti manmathasya sagItavidyAsaralasya vINA // 14 // 'bimbAdhara' yaha [ samasta pada ] madhyamapadalopI samAsa hone para [ siddha ho sakatA hai| 1- aSTAdhyAyI 2, 1, 50 / 2 aSTAdhyAyI 2, 1,51 / aSTAdhyAyI 2, 4, 17 / * aSTAdhyAyI 2, 1,51 /

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sUtra 16 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 311 'bimbAdharaH pIyate' iti prayogo dRzyate / sa ca na yukta: / 'adharavimba' iti bhavitavyam / upamitaM vyAghrAdibhi' riti samAse sati kathaM bimvAdhara ityAha / vRttau madhyamapadalopinyAm / 'zAkapArthivatvAt' samAse / madhyamapadalopini samAse sati vimbAkAro'dharo vimbAdhara iti / tena bimboSThazabdo'pi vyAkhyAta / atrApi pUrvavad vRttiH / ziSTaprayogeSu caipa vidhiH / tena nAtiprasaGgaH // 15 // AmUlalolAdiSu vRttirvispaSTapaTuvat / 5, 2, 16 / 'AmUlalolam' 'AmUlasarasam' ityAdiSu vRttirvispaSTapaTuvan * mayUravyaMsakAditvAt // 16 // 'bimbAdharaH pIyate' isa prakAra kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / vaha ucita nahIM hai / [ adharo bimbamiva isa vigraha meM ] 'upamitaM vyAghrAdibhiH sAmAnyAprayoge' isa sUtra se samAsa hone para 'gharabimba' yaha [ prayoga ] honA cAhie / [ bimbAdhara nahIM ] to 'bimbAdhara' prayoga kaise hotA hai / isa [ zaGkA ke hone ] para [ usake samAdhAna ke lie ] kahate haiM / [ 'bimbAkAro'ghara: bimbAdharaH isa prakAra 'AkAra' rUpa ] madhyamapadalopI vRtti meM 'zAkapArthivatvAt samAsa hone para [ bimbAdhara pada banatA hai / zrarthAt 'zAkapArthivAdInA siddhaye uttarapadalopasyopasakhyAnam' isa vArtika se 'zAkapriya. pArthiva zAkapArthivaH' ke samAna 'zAkapArthivatvAt' ] / madhyamapadalopI samAsa karane para 'bimbAkAro zravaraH bimbAdhara.' isa prakAra 'bimbAdhara' yaha [ pada bana sakatA ] hai / isI se 'vimboSTha' zabda kI bhI vyAkhyA ho gaI / [ yahA 'vimvAkAra oSTha' isa vigraha meM 'zAkapArthivatvAt' mavyamapadalopI samAsa hokara 'bimboSTha ' pada siddha ho sakatA hai ] / yahA bhI pUrva [ bimbAdhara ] ke samAna [ madhyamapadalopI ] samAsa hai / yaha prakAra ziSTa prayogo ke lie hI hai| isalie [ 'vyAghrAkAraH puruSa vyAghupuruSa' isa prakAra ke nae prayoga meM ] prativyApti nahI ho sakatI hai // 15 // 'zramUlalolam' ityAdi meM 'vispaSTapaTu' ke samAna [ 4" mayUravyasakAdayazca' isa sUtra se zravihitalakSaNa tatpuruSa samAsa hotA hai ] / 'nAmUlalolam' 'zrAmUlasarasam ityAdi [ prayogo ] meM 'vispaSTa paTu' ke samAna 'mayUravyasakAditvAt' samAsa hotA hai // 16 // 1- 3 aSTAdhyAyI 2, 1, 56 / 2-4 apTAdhyAyI 2, 1,78 /

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRtto [ sUtra 17-18 na dhAnyapaSThAdiSu paSThIsamAsapratiSedhaH 'pUraNenAnyataddhi tAntatvAt / / 5, 2, 17 / 'dhAnyapaSTham', 'tAnyucchapaSThAGkitasaikatAni' ityAdipu na SaSThIsamAsapratiSedhaH / pUraNena, pUraNapratyayAntenAnyataddhitAntatvAt / SaSTho 'bhAgaH SaSTha iti "pUraNAdbhAge tIyAdan' "paSThASTamAbhyAM na ca' ityana vidhAnAt sa prAptaH // 17 // 312 ] patrapItimAdiSu guNavacanena / 52, 18 / 'patrapItimA, pacamAlI - piGgilimA' ityAdipu paSThIsamAsapratiSedho guNavacanena prApto, bAlizyAntu na kRtaH // 18 // 3 'dhAnyaSaSThaH' ityAdi [ prayogo ] meM pUraNa-guNa-suhitArtha sadavyaya-tavyasamAnAdhikaraNena' [ ityAdi sUtra se 'satAM SaSThaH' ke samAna ] SaSThI samAsa kA pratiSedha nahIM hotA hai / [ kyoki 'dhAnyaSaSThaH' meM prayukta SaSTha zabda ke ] pUraNa, [ zrarthaka pratyaya ] se anya [ 4' pUraNAdbhAge tIyAdan', isa sUtra ke adhikAra meM 'paSThASTamAbhyAM na ca' 5, 3, 50 isa sUtra se zran pratyaya rUpa ] taddhitAnta hone se / 'dhAnyaSaSTham' 'uJchaSaSTha se zraGkita bAlU vAle' [ prayogoM] meM [pUraNaguNasuhitArthasadavyayatavyasamAnAdhikaraNena 2, 2, 11 isa sUtra se 'SaSTha' zabda ko 'pUraNapratyayAnta' mAna kara ] SaSThI samAsa kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai [ kyoki paNTha zabda meM ] pUraNa arthAt pUraNa pratyayAnta se zranya [ 'pUraNAdbhAge tIyAdan ' 5, 3, 48 ke adhikAra meM 'baSThASTamAbhyAM na ca' 5, 3, 50 isa sUtra se vihita 'an' pratyaya rUpa ] taddhitAnta hone se / 'SaSTho bhAgaH SaSTha' isa [ vigraha ] meM 'pUraNAdbhAge tIyAdan' [ kI anuvRtti me ] ' SaSThASTamAbhyA ca' [ 5,3, 50 ] isa se an kA vidhAna hone se vaha [ SaNThI tatpuruSa samAsa ] prApta hai // 17 // 'patrapotimA' ityAdi [ prayogoM] meM [ pItimA rUpa ] guNa [ kA ] vacana hone se [ 'pUraNaguNa' ityAdi pUrvokta sUtra ke anusAra SaSThI samAsa kA niSedha honA cAhie / vaha nahIM kiyA gayA hai / zrataH yaha prayoga dUSita hai ] 1 'patrapotimA', 'pakSmAlIpiGgalimA' ityAdi [ prayogo ] meM guNavacana 1- 4 zraSTAdhyAyI 5, 3, 48 / * zraSTAdhyAyI 5, 3, 50 / aSTAdhyAyo 22.11 / "

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sUtra 19 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [ 313 avarjyo bahuvrIhirvyadhikaraNo janmAdyuttarapadaH / 5, 2, 16 / avartho na varjanIyo vyadhikaraNo bahuvrIhiH / janmAdyuttarapadaM yasya sa janmAdyuttarapadaH / yathA-- 'sacchAstrajanmA hi vivekalAbha:' / 'kAntavRttayaH prAraNA' iti // 16 // [ pItimA, piGgalimA Adi guNo kA kathana hone ] se guNavacana se [ arthAt 'pUraNaguNa' ityAdi pUrvokta sUtra se ] SaSThI samAsa kA pratiSedha prApta hai / [ parantu ina prayogo meM prayogakartA ne ] sUrkhatAvaza [ samAsa kA niSedha ] nahIM kiyA [ arthAt samAsa kara diyA ] hai / [ ata. yaha prayoga dUSita hai ] / siddhAntakaumudIkAra ne 'anityo'ya guNena niSedha. / tadazipya sajJApramANatvAt ityAdinirdezAt' likha kara isa guNa ke sAtha SaSThI samAsa ke pratiSedha kI anityatA sUcita kI hai| usa dazA meM yaha giSTaprayoga vana sakate hai / yaha anya logo kA mata hai // 18 // janmAdi uttarapada vAlA bahuvrIhi [ samAsa ] zravarjanIya hai / yadyapi sAdhAraNata. ' pIta ambara yasya sa pItAmbara' Adi ke samAna bahuvrIhi samAsa me samasyamAna dono pado kA sAmAnAdhikaraNya arthAt vizeSa rUpa se prathamAntatva hI hotA hai / isakA pratipAdana 'bahuvrIhi samAnAvikaraNAnAm' ima vArtika me kiyA gayA hai / parantu ima vArtika kA bAghaka 'na vA nabhidhAnAdasamAnAdhikaraNeSu samAmasajAbhAva' yaha bArtika bhI pAyA jAtA hai / isa vArtika me vyadhikaraNa samAsa kA bhI samarthana hotA hai isalie janmAdi ke uttarapada hone para vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi bhI ho sakatA hai yaha tAtparya hai / vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi avarNya arthAt varjanIya [ niSiddha ] nahIM hai / janmAdi [ pada ] jisake uttarapada hai vaha janmAdyuttarapada vAlA [ vyadhikaraNa 'bahuvrIhi samAsa varjanIya nahI hai ] / jaise 'sacchAstrajanmA hi vivekalAbha ' [ meM 'sacchAstrAt janma yasya' isa bahuvrIhi meM sacchAstrAt paJcamI vibhakti aura 'janma' prayamAnta hone se vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi haM ] aura 'kAntavRttayaH prANA.' [ meM kAnte priye vRttiryeSAM te kAntavRttaya' meM 'kAnte' saptamyanta tayA 'vRtti.' prathamAnta hone me vyadhikaraNa bahuvrIhi hai ] // 19 //

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314 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 20 hastAgrAgrahastAdayo guNaguNinorbhedAbhedAt / 5, 2, 20 / hastAgram agrahastaH, puSpAgram, agrapuSpamityAdayaH prayogAH katham / zrAhitAgnyAdiSu pAThAt / pAThe vA tadaniyamaH syAt / zraha, guNaguNinorbhedAbhedAt / tatra bhedAd hastAmrAdayaH abhedAdaprahastAdayaH // 20 // 1 'hastAna' tathA 'agrahasta' Adi [ prayoga ] guNa-guNI ke bheda aura prabheda [ siddha ho sakate ] hai / 'hastAgram', 'agrahastaH', 'puSpAgram' aura 'agrapuSpam' ityAdi [ paraspara bhinna ] prayoga kaise [ siddha ] hote he / [ zrAhitAgni gaNa meM paThita zabdo meM .. 'vAhitAgnyAdiSu' isa sUtra se vikalpa hone ke kAraNa 'zrAhitAgniH' aura 'agnyAhitaH' yaha dono prakAra ke prayoga dekhe jAte hai / usI prakAra ina 'hastAgram' 'agrahasta' zrAdi prayogo ko siddha karanA cAhe to vaha bhI nahI ho sakatA hai ] / 'AhitAgni Adi' [ gaNa ] me [ hastAgram, agrahastaH zrAdi kA ] pATha na hone se / [ aura yadi 'AhitAgni gaNa' ko 'zrAkRtigaNa' mAna kara usameM apaThita 'hastAgram' Adi zabdo kA pATha mAnanA cAhe to bhI ucita nahI hogA kyoki vaha sUtra bahuvrIhi samAsa ke prakaraNa kA hai aura 'hastAnam' Adi meM SaSThItatpuruSa samAsa hI saGgata ho sakatA hai bahuvrIhi nahI / isalie 'zrAhitAgni gaNa' meM hastAgram zrAdi kA ] pATha mAnane para usa [ 'vAhitAgnyAdiSu' isa sUtra ] kA [ bahuvrIhi samAsaviSayaka ] niyama nahIM banegA / [ yaha zaGkA ho sakatI hai ] isalie [ usake samAdhAnArtha ] kahate hai / guNa aura guNI ke bheda tathA bheda se [ yaha dvividha prayoga banate hai / yahAM guNa zabda kA artha avayata hai / 'atra guNazabdena parArthatvasAdRzyAdavayavA lakSyante ] | usameM [ hasta rUpa guNI aura usake avayava bhUta zragna rUpa guNa kA ] bheda [ mAnane ] se [ 'hastasya agnam' isa prakAra SaSThI tatpuruSa samAsa karake ] 'hastAgram' Adi [ prayoga banate hai / ] zraura [ harata rUpa tathA usake zravayavabhUta agra rUpa kA ] abheda mAnane para [ agrazcAsau hastaH ] 'pragrahasta' Adi [ prayoga siddha te hai ] / inameM vizeSaNa vizeSyeNa bahulam' isa sUtra se samAsa hotA hai ] // 20 // ' 1 aSTAdhyAyI 2, 2, 37 / 2 zraSTAdhyAyI 2, 1,57 // 1

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kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [ sUtra 39-40-41 . guNavistarAdayazcintyA. / 5, 3, 36 / guNavistaraH, vyAkSepavistaraH ityAdayaH prayogAzcintyAH / " prathane vAvazabde' iti ghan prasaGgAt // 32 // avatarApacAyazabdayordIrgha hrasvatvavyatyAso bAlAnAm / 5, 2,40 / avatarazabdasyApacAyazabdasya ca dIrghahasvatvavyatyAso bAlAnAM bAlizAnAM prayogeSviti / te hyavataraNamavatAra iti prayuJjate / mArutAvatAra iti / sa hyayuktaH / bhAve tarateravidhAnAt / apacAyamapacaya iti prayuJjate puSpApacaya iti / atra "hastAdAne cerasteye' iti ghan prApta iti // 40 // zobheti nipAtanAt / 5, 2, 41 / zobhetyayaM zabdaH sAdhuH / nipAtanAn / 'zubha zumbha zobhArthI' iti / 326 ] guNavistara zrAdi [ prayoga ] cintya [ azuddha ] hai / 'guNa vistaraH' 'vyakSepa vistaraH' ityAdi prayoga cintya [sAdhu ] hai / 'prathane bAva zabda' isa sUtra se [ vi pUrvaka stR dhAtu se ] ghaJ kA vidhAna hone se [ 'guNavistAraH' prayoga honA cAhie / 'guNavistara . ' nahI ] // 39 // 'avatara' aura 'apacAya' zabdo me dIrgha hasva kA parivartana mUrkho kA [ prayoga ] hai / 'avatara' zabda aura 'apacAya' zabda ke dIrgha hrasva kA ulaTa-pulaTa bAlako arthAt mUrkho [ bAlizo ] ke prayogo me ho jAtA hai / ve [ mUrkha puruSa ] avataraNa ko 'avatAra' isa rUpa seM prayukta karate haiM / jaise 'mArutAvatAra' / vaha [ avatAra rUpa prayoga ] prayukta hai / bhAva meM tR dhAtu se [ 'Rdorap' isa sUtra se ] ap [ pratyaya ] kA vidhAna hone se / 'apacAya' ke sthAna para 'apacaya' yaha prayoga karate hai / jaise 'puSpApacaya' / yahA 'hastAdAne cerasteye' isa sUtra se ghaJa, prApta hai / [ ataH yahAM 'puSpApacAyaH ' yaha prayoga honA cAhie / 'avataraH' kI jagaha 'avatAra' aura 'apacAya:' kI jagaha 'zrapacayaH' prayoga meM dIrgha hrasva kI gar3abar3a bAlizatA kI sUcaka hai ] // 40 // - zobhA yaha [ zabda ] nipAtana se [ banatA ] hai / zobhA yaha zabda [ bhI ] zuddha hai / nipAtana se / 'zubha zumbha zobhAyau~" ' zraSTAdhyAyI 3, 3, 33 / * bhraSTAdhyAyI 3, 357 / 2 aSTAdhyAyI 3,3,40

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sUtra 42] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [327 zubhemiMdAderAkRtigaNatvAt aD siddha eva / guNapratiSedhAbhAvastu nipAtyate iti / zobhArthAvityatraikadeze ki 'zobhA' Ahosvit 'zobha' iti vizeSAvagatirAcAryaparamparopadezAditi / / 41 // avidhau guro. striyA bahula vivakSA / 5, 2, 42 / avidhau 'a' vidhAne 'gurozca hala' iti striyAM bahulaM vivkssaa| yaha ['zobhA' pada kA pATha 'zobhA' zabda ko sAdhutA ko sUcita karatA hai| zubha dhAtu se bhidAdi ['pibhidAdibhyoDisa sUtra meM paThita bhivAdi] [gaNa] ke prAkRti gaNa hone se aD pratyaya ] to siddha hI hai| parantu aD pratyaya ke hone para Dit hone se guNa kA pratiSedha prApta hone para guNa ke pratiSedha kA prabhAva [arthAt guNa kI prApti ] nipAtita hai| 'zobhAyau~ isa pada ke eka deza meM kyA 'zobhA' [yaha padaccheda kiyA jAya ] yaha athavA 'zobha' yaha [padaccheda kiyA jAya ] isa vizeSa ['zobhA' yA 'zobha' pada] kA nirNaya prAcArya paramparA ke upadeza se samajhanA cAhie / arthAt dhAtupATha 'zubha zumbha zobhAyoM' me zobhAyA~' isa nipAtana se hI 'aD' pratyaya pare rahate gubha dhAtu me guNa kA nipAtana kiyA hai| isa prakAra 'zobha gabda vana jAne ke bAda 'a pratyayAt' ' sUtra se strIliMga me 'a' pratyaya hokara 'zobhA' zabda bana sakatA hai / aura yA jaise ki agale sUtra me 'a' pratyaya kI 'bahula vivakSA' kA varNana karege usake anusAra yadi yaha 'a' pratyaya na kiyA jAya to 'zoma' yaha pulliMga prayoga bhI bana sakatA hai / jaise 'vAdhA' aura 'vAgha, 'UhA aura 'Uha, 'vrIDA' aura 'vIDa' yaha dono prakAra ke rUpa banate hai / isI prakAra 'zomA' aura 'zobha' yaha dono prakAra ke rUpa bana sakate hai| uname se yahA 'zobhAyauM' isa pATha meM 'zobhA' padaccheda kiyA jAya yA 'zobha', yaha vAta AcArya paramparA se samajhanI cAhie / arthAt yahA 'zobhA' padaccheda hI karanA cAhie kyoki 'zobhA' zabda kI siddhi karane ke lie hI yaha sUtra likhA gayA hai // 41 // ___'' pratyaya ke vidhAna meM [ 'gurozca hala' isa sUtra se ] strIliGga meM guruvarNayukta zabda se 'a' pratyaya kI bahula vivakSA hotI hai| ___'' pratyaya ke vidhAna meM 'gurozca hala.' 2 [ isa sUtra se vihita 'aSTAdhyAyI 3, 3, 102 / 2 aSTAdhyAyI 3, 3, 103 /

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328] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 43 kvacidvivakSA, kvacidavivakSA, kvcidubhymiti| vivakSA yathA 'IhA', 'lajjA' iti / avivakSA yathA 'AtaMka' iti / vivakSAvivakSe yathA 'bAdhA', 'vAdhA', 'uhA', 'ahaH'; 'brIDA', 'brIDa' iti // 42 // vyavasitAdiSu ktaH kartari cakArAt / 5, 2, 43 / 'vyavasitaH' 'pratipanna' ityAdipu bhAvakarmavihito'pi ktaH kartari / gatyAdisUtre cakArasyAnuktasamuccayArthatvAt / bhAvakarmAnukarSaNArthatvacakArasyeti cet, AvRttiH kartavyA / / 43 // 'a' pratyaya ] kI strIliGga meM bahula karake vivakSA hotI hai / 1. kahIM vivakSA ho 2. kahIM vivakSA na ho, 3. kahI dono ho [ yaha 'bahula' pada kA abhiprAya hai ] / vivakSA [kA udAharaNa] jaise 'IhA', 'lajjA' [yahAM '' pratyaya humA hai / avivakSA [kA udAharaNa ] jaise 'AtaGka' [yahA 'a' pratyaya nahI huA hai| vivakSAvivakSA ubhaya [ kA udAharaNa ] jaise 'bAdhA' 'bAdha'; 'UhA' 'Uha'; 'vrIDA, 'bIDa' [ iname 'a' pratyaya huA bhI hai aura nahI bhI huA hai / isalie vikalpa se do prakAra ke rUpa bane hai / vAhulaka kA isI Azaya kA lakSaNa vyAkaraNa grantho me isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai kvacit pravRtti kvacidapravRtti kvacidvibhApA kvacidanyadeva / vidhairvighAna vahudhA samIkSya caturvidha bAhulaka vadanti / / 42 // 'vyavasitaH' ityAdi meM 'kta' pratyaya kartA meM hotA hai [gatyAdi sUtra meM ] cakAra se [anukta kA samuccaya hone se ] / [sAdhAraNataH] bhAva karma me vihita [ hone para ] bhI 'kta' [pratyaya ] 'vyavasitaH' [ kimasi katuM vyavasitaH] 'pratipannaH' ityAdi [prayogo ] meM [bhAva yA karma meM na hokara ] kartA meM huA hai / gatyAdi [ gatyarthAkarmakazliSazIsthAsavasajanAhajIryatibhyazca ] sUtra meM [gatyarthaka, akarmaka, zliSa, zoD, sthA, asa, vasa, jana, raha, jR dhAtuo se kta pratyaya kA kartA meM vizeSa rUpa se vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| sUtra ke anta meM jor3e hue] 'cakAra' ke anukta samuccayArthaka hone se| [usa anukta samuccaya vaza se ho 'vyavasitaH' 'pratipanna ityAdi meM bhI dartA meM 'kta' pratyaya ho jAtA hai| yadi yaha kaho ki ukta gatyAdi sUtra meM anukta samuccaya ke lie cakAra kA grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA apitu] bhAva karma ke anukarSaNa [anuvRtti lAne ] ke lie cakAra [ kA grahaNa ] hai to

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sUtra 44] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [329 Aheti bhUte'nyaNalantabhramAd bruvo laTi / 5, 2, 44 / 'buvaH paJcAnAm' ityAdinA 'Aha' iti laTivyutpAditaH / sa bhUte prayuktaH / 'ityAha bhagavAn prabhuH' iti / anyasya bhUtakAlAmidhAyino elantasya liTi bhramAt / nipuNAzcaivaM prayuJjate / 'Aha sma smitamadhumadhurAkSarA giram' iti / 'anukaroti bhagavato nArAyaNasya' ityatrApi manye 'sma' zabdaH kavinA prayukto lekhakaistu pramAdAnna likhita iti // 44 // [phira cakAra ko ] bhAvRtti karanI caahie| [jisase eka cakAra se bhAva karma kA anukarSaNa ho sake aura prAvRtti kiye hue dUsare cakAra se anukta kA samuccaya bhI ho sake / isa prakAra gatyAdi sUtra meM ukta cakAra athavA prAvRtti dvArA siddha / cakAra se anukta kA samuccaya mAna kara 'vyavasita , 'pratipannaH' ityAdi sakarmaka ghAtumUlaka prayogo meM kartA meM bhI 'kta' pratyaya ho sakegA] // 43 // dU[ 'nUna vyaktAyAM vAciM] dhAtu kA [ vartamAna kAla sUcaka ] laT [lakAra] meM [ banA huA ] 'Aha' isa [ vartamAna kAla ke bodhaka prayoga ko kucha loga kabhI-kabhI "uvAsa' Adi ] anya galanta [prayogo] ke [ samAna samajhakara] bhrama se bhUta kAla meM [ prayukta kara dete hai / yaha ucita nahIM bhrAnta prayoga ] hai| 'bruva paJcAnAmAdita pAho buva.' aSTA0 3, 4, 84 ityAdi [sUtra] se [ parasmaipada meM bU dhAtu ke laT lakAra ke prAdi se pAca arthAt 1. tip, 2. tas, 3. jhi 4. sip, 5. thas ke sthAna para kramaza. 1. gal, 2. atus, 3. us, 4 thal, 5. prathus, yaha pAca Adeza, aura '' dhAtu ko 'pAha' Adeza hora] 'Ahe yaha pada [ vartamAnatA sUcaka ] laT lakAra meM siddha kiyA gayA hai / [kahIM-kahIM ] vaha bhUtakAla meM prayukta huA hai / jaise yaha [svaya ] bhagavAn prabhu ne yaha kahA [ ityAha ] [parantu bhUtakAla meM kiyA gayA 'Aha' kA prayoga] anya [prayogo meM] bhUtakAla ke vodhaka [ liT lakAra ke ] Nalanta kA [anya prayogo ke samAna yahA bhI Adeza hue 'Nal' prAdi liT lakAra meM hI hue hai aisA samajha kara ] liT meM [bane hue prayoga kA ] bhrama hone se [ hI 'Aha' pada bhUtakAla meM prayukta ] hotA hai| catura loga to ima [bhUtakAla ke vodhana ke lie, laT lakAra ke rUpa ke sAtha 'sma' jor3a kara ] isa prakAra prayukta karate hai smita rUpa madhu se madhura akSaro vAlI vANI ko ['Aha sma' bolatA bhayA] volA / 'bhagavAna nArAyaNa kA anukaraNa karatA hai' yahA nI [ anukaroti

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330] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [sUtra 45-46 . zavalAdibhyaH striyAM TApo'prAptiH / 5, 5, 45 / 'upasrotaH svasthasthitamahiSazRGgAprazabalA: sravantInAM jAtAH pramuditavihaGgAstaTabhuvaH // 'bhramarotkarakalmASAH kusumAnAM samRddhayaH // ityAdipu striyAM ttaapopraaptiH| "anyato DIe' iti DIpa vidhAnAt / tena 'zavalI' 'kalmApI' iti bhavati // 45 // prANini nIleti cintyam / 5, 2, 46 / zabda ke sAtha ] kavi ne [ bhUtakAla sUcaka ] 'sma' kA prayoga kiyA thA [ parantu vAda meM ] lekhako ne asAvadhAnI se usako likhA nahIM, aisA [ maiM mAnatA hUM] mAlUma hotA hai| [arthAt 'Aha' Adi kA vartamAna kAla meM prayoga anucita hai| yadi unako prayukta kiyA jAya to unake sAtha 'sma' pada kA bhI prayoga karanA cAhie / tava doSa nahI rahegA] // 44 // 'zavala' Adi [zabdo] se strIliGga meM 'TAp' nahIM ho sakatA hai| [ isalie 'zabalA' Adi prayoga na karake 'zabalI prayoga karanA ucita hai ] / pramudita vihaGgo se yukta nadiyo ke kinAre kI bhUmiyA, dhArA ke samIpa svastha [ nizcinta ] hokara baiThe hue bhaiso ke sIMgo ke agrabhAgoM se 'zavala [citravicitra, karvara] ho gaI thii| __.puSpo kI samRddhiyA [ samUha ] bhramara paMktiyo se citrita ['zabalA karbura] ho rahI hai| ___ ityAdi [prayogo ] meM strIliGga meM [jo TApa karake 'zavalA', 'kalmASA' Adi prayoga banAe hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai kyoki unameM ], TApa nahI [ prApta ] ho sakatA hai / 'anyato 'DI' [aSTA0 4, 1, 40 ] isa sUtra se [ takAropadha se bhinna varNavAcI anudAttAnta prAtipadika se strIliGga meM ] DI' kA vidhAna hone se| isalie [ ina zabdo se 'DI' pratyaya karake ] 'zabalI', 'kalmASI yaha [prayoga zuddha hotA hai|['shvlaa', 'kalmASA' yaha prayoga anucita hai] // 45 // prANI [ ke sambandha bodhana ] meM strIliGga meM 'nolA' yaha [ prayoga bhI ] cintya [ azuddha hai| 'aSTAdhyayI 4, 1, 40 /

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sUtra 47] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya. [331 'kuvalayadalanIlA kokilA bAlacUte' ityAdiSu 'nIlA' iti cintyam / 'kokilA nIlI' bhavitavyam / nIlazabdAt "jAnapada' ityAdi sUtreNa 'prANini ca' iti DIpavidhAnAt // 46 // manuSyajAtevivakSAvivakSe! 5, 2, 47 / Amra ke naye vRkSa para kuvalaya dala ke samAna nIlA [ nIlavarNA] kokilA [ baiThI hai| ityAdi [prayogo] meM [kokilA ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM prayukta ] nIlA' yaha [pada] cintya [azuddha ] hai / kokilA [ ke sAtha strIliGga meM ] 'nolo' yaha [vizeSaNa ] honA cAhie / nIla zabda se [ jAnapada-kuNDa goNa-sthala-bhAja-nAgakAla-nIla-kuza-kAmuka-kabarAd vRtyamatravapanAkRtrimAtrANAsthaulyavarNAcchAdanAyovikAramaithunecchAkezavezeSu / apTA0 4, 1, 42] jAnapada ityAdi sUtrase ['nolAdoSadhau' isa vArtika se auSadhi artha meM tathA ] 'prANini ca' isa [ vAnika ] se [prANI ke sambandha vodha meM ] 'DI' kA vidhAna hone se ['nIlo gau'. 'nIlI kokilA' ityAdi prayoga hone caahieN| 'nolA kokilA' prayoga nahIM honA caahie| prata nIlA prayoga azuddha hai ] // 46 // [ikArAnta ukArAnta manuSyajAtiparaka zabdo meM ] manuSya jAti kI vivakSA aura avivakSA [ dono hotI hai| manuSya jAti kI vivakSA hone para ikArAnta 'nimnanAbhi' Adi gando se 'ito manupyajAte' sUtra se 'DI' hokara 'nimnanAbhI' pada banA aura usake sambodhana meM 'amvArthanadyohrasva' sUtra se hrasva hokara he 'nimnanAbhi' pada vanatA hai / isI prakAra ukArAnta sutanu' zabda se UDuta 4, 1, 66, sUtra se 'U' pratyaya ho kara 'sutanU' zabda vanA aura usakA sambuddhi me 'ambArthanadyohra sva.' pA0 7, 3, 107 / sUtra se hrasva hokara he sutanu' ganda banatA hai / aura manuSyajAti kI avivakSA me ikArAnta 'nimnanAbhi' zabda kA paThI me nimnanAbhe' prayoga banatA hai anyathA nimnanAmyA' hotA / 'varatanu meM manuSya jAti kI vivakSA na hone para 'U' nahI hotA hai isalie 'varatanu' prathamA ke eka vacana me banatA hai / anyathA vivakSA hone para aD hokara 'varatanU' prayoga hogaa| isalie--- 'aSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 42 /

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332 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 47 "ito manuSyajAte:' 'UDutaH' ityatra manuSyajAtervivakSA avivakSA ca lakSyAnusArataH / mandarasya madirAkSi pArzvato nimnanAbhi na bhavanti nimnagAH / vAsu vAsukivikarSaNodbhavA bhAminIha padavI vibhAvyate // atra manuSyajAtervivakSAyAM 'ito manuSyajAteH' iti 'DISi' sati ''ambArthanadyohna 'svaH' iti sambuddhau hrasvatvaM siddhyati / 3 manujAte. [ pA0 4, 1, 65 ] aura UDutaH [ pA0 4, 1, 66 ] yahA [ ina sUtro me ] manuSyajAti ko vivakSA aura avivakSA lakSya ke anusAra hotI hai / he nimnanAbhi [ vAlI ] madirAkSi [ vAsu ] bAlike [ bhAmini ] priye mandarAcala ke kinAre yaha nadiyA nahIM hai [ tuma jinako nadI samajha rahI ho ] vaha [ samudra manthana ke samaya vAsuki sarpa jisako manthanadaNDa raI ke sthAnApanna mandarAcala ke cAro ora rassI ke sthAna para bAdha kara aura usako khIMca-khIMca kara samudra kA manthana kiyA gayA thA / usa ] vAsuki ke [ bAra-bAra ] khIcane se utpanna huI lakIra dikhalAI detI hai / yahA manuSyajAti kI vivakSA meM [ nimnanAbhi tathA madirAkSi prAdi zabdo meM ] 'ito manuSyajAte' [ pA0 4, 1, 65 ] isa sUtra te 'DI' [ pratyaya ] hone para [ nimnanAbhI madirAkSI zabdo ke ] sambodhana ke ekavacana meM 'ambArthanadyohra sva.' [ a0 7, 3, 107 ] isa sUtra se hasvatva [ aura su kA lopAdi hokara he nimnanAbhi, he madirAkSi Adi pada ] siddha hotA hai [ zranyathA he nimnanAbhe Adi rUpa vaneMge ] / yaha ho sakatA hai ki nimnanAbhi meM 'itaJca prANyagavAcino vA DIS vaktavya. ' isa niyama ke anusAra nAbhi zabda se DIp kara lene para bhI 'amvArtha nadyorhrasva ' se hrasva hokara 'he nimnanAbhi' rUpa vana sakatA hai / taba manuSya jAti kI vivakSA avivakSA mAnakara DIp karane kA prayatna kyo kiyA jAya / isakA uttara vRttikAra yaha karate hai ki 'nimnanAbhi' pada me 'nimna hai nAbhi jisakI vaha nimnanAbhi hai isa prakAra kA bahuvrIhi samAsa hai / usa 1 aSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 65 aSTAdhyAyI 4, 1, 66 / 3 aSTAdhyAyI 7,3, 107 /

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sUtra 47] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [333 nAbhizabdAt punaH "itazca prANyagAt' itIkAre kRte nimnanAbhIketi syAt / / hatoSTharAgairnayanodavindubhirnimagnanAbhenipatadbhirakSitam / cyutaM ruSA minnagaterasaMzayaM zukodarazyAmamidaM stanAMzukam // atra nimagnanAbheriti manuSyajAteravivakSeti DIpa na kRtaH / bahuvrIhi samAsa vAle pada me strIliMga me 'itazca prANyagavAcino vA DIpa vaktavya' isa niyama ke anusAra yadi DIpa karake 'nimnanAbhI' yaha strIliMga kA rUpa banAyA jAya to usase 'navRtazca [a0 5, 4, 153 ] isa sUtra se samAsAnta kap pratyaya hokara 'ke'Na' [ aSTA0 7, 4, 13 ] se prApta hone vAle hrasva kA 'na kapi' [aSTA0 7,4,14] se niSedha ho jAne se 'nimnanAbhIkA' yaha prayoga vanane lgegaa| 'nimnanAbhi' yaha prayoga nahI bnegaa| isI bAta ko vRttikAra isa prakAra kahate hai / aura nAbhi zabda se 'itazca prANyagAt' isa se IkAra arthAt DIe karane para 'nimnanAbhIkA' yaha prayoga hone lgegaa| yaha sthala kucha sandigdha hai / mUla grantha me 'nimnanAbhiketi' syAt yaha pATha diyA hai / DrA0 gagAnAtha ne bhI apane AglabhApAnuvAda me 'nimnanAmikA' yahI pATha mAnA hai / parantu kAvyAlakAra sUtravRtri ke TIkAkAra tripurahara bhUpAla ne IkAra hone ke vAda kap pratyaya aura usake pare rahate hrasvatva kA nipedha karake 'nimnanAbhIkA iti syAt' aisA pATha diyA hai / TIkAkAra ke anurodha se hamane bhI yahA~ mUla meM 'nimnanAbhIketi' pATha hI rakhA hai / manuSyajAti kI avivakSA me DIp ke abhAva kA dUsarA udAharaNa dikhalAte hai krodha ke kAraNa vizRkhala gativAlI nimagnanAbhi [ priyatamA ] ke proNTha para gira kara oNTharAga kA haraNa karane vAle [ rone ke kAraNa ] Tapakate hue Asutro se akita zuka ke udara ke samAna harita varNa yaha colI [ stanAzuka] gira par3I hai| ___ yahA nanuSyajAti ko avivakSA hai imalie 'nimagnAmeM.' isa pada meM DoSa nahIM kiyA hai| [anyathA papThI vibhakti meM nadI zabda ke samAna 'nimagnanAbhyA' yaha rUpa banatA] / 1assttaadhyaayii|

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334] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttau [sUtra 48 'sutanu jahIhi mAnaM pazya pAdAnataM mAm / ' ityatra manuSyajAtervivakSeti sutanuzabdAd 'UDutaH' ityUGi sati hrasvatve 'sutanu' iti siddhayati / ___'varatanurathavAsau naiva dRSTA tvayA me / ' atra manuSyajAteravivakSeti aGna kRtaH // 47 // UkArAntAdapyUGa pravRtteH / 5, 2, 48 / uta U vihita UkArAntAdapi kvacid bhavati / AcAryapravRttaH / kvAsau pravRttiH / 'aprANijAtezcArajjvAdInAm' iti / alAbUH karkandharityudAharaNam / tena 'subhra kiM sambhrameNa . atra 'subhra' zabda UGi siddho bhavati / aDi tvasati "subhra' iti syAt // 48 // ___ 'he sutanu [ sundarI ] mAna ko choDo aura pairoM para jhuke hue mujhako dekho' yahA [sutanu zabda me ] manuSyajAti kI vivakSA hai isalie sutanu zabda se uDutaH [aSTA0 4, 1, 66 ] isa sUtra se UD pratyaya hone para [ sambodhana ke eka vacana meM pUrvokta 'amvArthanaghoha svaH [ isa sUtra se ] hrasva hone para 'sutanu' yaha siddha hotA hai / athavA tumane merI varatana [ sundarI priyatamA ] ko nahI dekhA hai| yahAM manuSyajAti ko vivakSA nahIM hai isalie Ur3a nahI kiyA hai| [anyathA U karane para 'varatanUH' kA rUpa hotA] // 47 // aDutaH 4, 1, 66 meM jo ukArAnta zabdoM se UD pratyaya ] kahA hai vaha ] UkArAnta [ zabda se ] bhI UDa hotA hai| prAcArya [vAtikakAra ] kI pravRtti [ sUtraracanA ] hone se| [UDutaH isa sUtra se kevala ] ukArAnta se UD' kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vaha kahIM kahI UkArAnta [zabda ] se bhI ho jAtA hai| prAcArya [vAtikakAra ] kI pravRtti [ etadviSayaka sUtra racanA ] hone se| vaha akArAnta se U vidhAyaka pravRtti [ sUtra racanA ] kahAM kI gaI hai| [yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai / isakA uttara karate hai ] 'aprANijAtezcArajjvAdInAm [prANijAtivAcaka zabdo se bhinna aura rajju Adi zabdo ko chor3a kara zeSa ukArAnta zabdo se UD pratyaya ho ] / isa [ sUtra ] meM hrasva tathA dIrgha dono prakAra ke ukArAnta zabdo se UDa kA vidhAna pAtikakAra ne kiyA hai ] / 'alAbUH, karkandhU'

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sUtra 49-50-51 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya. [ 335 kArtikIya iti ThaJa durghara: 5,2,49 / 'kArtikIyo nabhasvAn' ityatra 'kAlATThan' iti Than durdharaH / Tha bhavanaM duHkhena dhiyate // 46 // zArvaramiti ca / 5, 2, 50 / 'zArvaraM tama' ityatra ca 'kAlATThab' iti Thab durdharaH // 50 // zAzvatamiti prayukteH / 5, 2, 51 / yaha usake udAharaNa hai / [ 'alAbU: karkandhU' zabda svataH hI dIrgha UkArAnta zabda hai / phira bhI unase UD pratyaya karane kA phala 'noDghAtvoH ' bhraSTA0 6, 1, 175 isa sUtra se vibhakti ke udAttatva kA pratiSedha karanA hI hai / prANijAtivAcI 'kRkavAku.' ityAdi meM tathA 'rajjuH hanu.' ityAdi meM yaha UD pratyayaH nahIM hotA hai / anya ukArAnta zabdo se Ur3a ho sakatA hai ] isalie he subhra, ghabaDAtI kyo ho / yahAM subhra, zabda se UD pratyaya karake [ sambuddhi meM 'zramvArthanadyohra sva.' isa sUtra se hrasva karake ] subhra. yaha [ rUpa ] siddha ho jAtA hai / UD [ pratyaya ] ke na hone [ he zrI. ke samAna he ] 'subhrU:' yaha [ rUpa ] hogA // 48 // afanta isa [ prayoga ] meM [ 'kAlATThan' isa sUtra se prApta hone vAlA ] a [ pratyaya ] rokA nahIM jA sakatA hai| [ zrataH kArtika zabda se Than pratyaya hokara 'kArtikika.' prayoga honA cAhie / kArtikIya. prayoga azuddha hai ] / 'kArtikIyo nabhasvAn' [kArtika kA vAyu] isa [ prayoga ] meM 'kAlATTham' [ aSTA0 4, 3, 11 ] isa sUtra se [ prApta hone vAlA ] ThaJ pratyaya kA rokanA kaThina hai / [ Than kA honA muzkila se ruka sakatA hai, nahIM ruka sakatA hai / ataeva 'kArtikIya.' yaha prayoga zuddha nahIM hai 'kArtikika ' yaha prayoga honA cAhie ] // 49 // aura zArvaraM yaha bhI [ prayoga ThIka nahIM hai ] 'zArvaraM tama' rAtri kA andhakAra yahAM bhI [ 'zArbara' pada meM 'zarvarI' zabda se ] 'kAlATThaJa' isa sUtra se ThajJa ruka nahIM sakatA hai / [ isalie 'zArvarikaM tama.' aisA prayoga honA cAhie thA 'zArvaraM tama' prayoga ucita nahI hai ] // 50 // 'zAzvatam' yaha [ zabda, vArtikakAra ke 'zAzvate pratiSedha' isa ] prayoga se [ siddha hotA hai ] |

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336 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 52 'zAzvataM jyotiH' ityatra zAzvatamiti na siddhayati / 'kAlA' iti Tha prasaGgAt / 'yeSAJca virodhaH zAzvatikaH' iti sUtrakArasyApi prayogaH / ___ Aha prayukteH / 'zAzvate pratiSedha' iti prayogAt, zAzvatamiti bhavati // 51 // rAjavaMzyAdaya sAdhvarthe yati bhavanti / 5, 2, 52 / 'rAjavaMzyAH' 'sUryavaMzyA' ityAdayaH zabdAH, 'tatra sAdhuH' ityanena sAdhvarthe yati pratyaye sati sAdhavo bhavanti / bhavArthe punardigAdipAThe'pi vaMzazabdasya vaMzazabdAntAna yat pratyayaH / tadantavidheH pratipedhAt / / 52 // pUrvapakSa ] 'zAzvata jyotiH' isa [ khaNDavAkya ] me 'zAzvata' yaha [ pada ] siddha nahI hotA hai / 'kAlAn' isa [pUrvokta sUtra ] se Than prApta hone se [ 'zAzvataM' ke bajAya 'zAzvatika' prayoga honA cAhie / 'yeSAM ca virodhaH zAzvatika.' [ aSTAdhyAyI 2, 4, 9] yaha sUtrakAra [ pANini ] kA bhI [ 'zAzvatikaH' hI ] prayoga hai| [ataeva 'zAzvatam' yaha prayoga ucita nahI hai| [uttarapakSa ] kahate hai / [ 'zAzvatam' yaha prayoga bhI vArtikakAra dvArA] prayukta hone se [ ThIka hai| vAtikakAra ke ] 'zAzvate pratiSedhaH' isa [prakAra aN pratyayAnta 'zAzvata' zabda ke ] prayoga se 'zAzvatam' yaha [ prayoga bhI zuddha ] hotA hai // 51 // 'rAjavaMzya' Adi zabda [ 'tatra sAdhu: aSTAdhyAyI 4,4, 89 isa sUtra se ] sAdhu artha meM yat [ pratyaya ] hone para [ siddha ] hote hai / [ bhavArtha meM nahIM ] / rAjavazya, sUryavazya ityAdi zabda 'tatra sAdhuH' [aSTAdhyAyI 4, 4, 89] isa [ sUtra ] se sAdhu artha meM yat pratyaya hone para zuddha hote hai| bhavArtha meM [ yat pratyaya kA vidhAna karane vAle 'digAdibhyo yat' aSTAdhyAyI 4, 3 54 meM nirdiSTa ] digAdi [gaNa ] meM vaza zabda kA pATha hone para bhI vaza zabdAnta [rAjavaza, sUryavaza ityAdi zabdo] se yat pratyaya nahIM hotA hai| ["grahaNavatA prAtipadikena tadantavidhipratiSedha' isa paribhASA ke anusAra ] tadannavidhi kA pratiSedha hone se [ 'rAjavaMze bhava rAjavaMzyA', 'sUryavaze bhavaH sUryavaMzya' yaha prayoga

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sUtra 53-54 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH dAravazabdo duSprayukta / 5, 2, 53 / 'dAravaM pAtram' iti 'dArava' zabdo duSprayuktaH / 'nityaM vRddhazarAdibhyaH' iti mayaTA bhavitavyam / nanu vikArAvayavayorarthayormayaDa vidhIyate / atra tu dAruNa idamiti vivakSAyAM 'dAravam' iti bhaviSyati / naitadevamapi syAt / 'vRddhAccha:' iti 'cha' vidhAnAt // 53 // mugdhimAdiSu imanij mRgyaH / 5, 2, 54 | [ 337 naha" bana sakate / kintu 'tatra sAdhu:' isa sUtra se sAdhu artha meM 'yat' pratyaya karake 'rAjavaMze sAdhuH rAjavaMzyaH', 'sUryavaMze sAdhuH sUryavaMzya' isa prakAra ke prayoga vana sakate hai / ] // 52 // [ 'dAruNa idaM dArava' lakar3I kA isa artha meM prayukta ] 'dAravam' yaha zabda goprayukta [ zuddha prayoga ] hai / [ lakar3I kA banA huA pAtra hai isa artha meM prayukta ] 'dAravaM pAtram' yaha 'dArava' zabda anucita [ azuddha ] prayoga hai / [ yahAM dAra zabda se ] 'nityaM vRddhazarAdibhyaH [ aSTAdhyAyI 9, 3, 144 ] isa [ sUtra ] se mayaT [ pratyaya hokara 'dArumaya' isa prakAra kA prayoga ] honA cAhie / [prazna ] mayaT pratyaya to vikAra aura zravayava arya meM hotA hai / yahAM to 'dAruNa ida' yaha lakar3I kA hai isa [sambandha sAmAnya ] kI vivakSA meM ['tasyeda' adhyAya 4, 3, 120 isa sUtra se RNa pratyaya hokara ] 'dArava' yaha ' [ prayoga ThIka ] ho jAyagA / [ phira Apa usako duSprayukta yA azuddha prayoga kyo kahate haiM ? ] [ uttara ] isa prakAra bhI yaha [ dAravam ] nahIM bana sakatA hai| 'vRddhAccha.' [ aSTAdhyAyI 5, 2, 114] isa [ sUtra ] se 'cha' kA vidhAna hone te [ 'dArvIyaM pAtram' yaha prayoga honA caahie| zrata. 'dAravaM pAtram' yaha prayoga ThIka nahIM hai ] // 53 // mugdhamA Adi [ prayoga ] meM [ dikhAI dene vAlA ] imanij [ pratyaya ] khojanA par3egA / [ sAdhAraNata. 'pRthvAdibhya imanij vA' aSTAdhyAyI 5, 1, 122 isa sUtra se pRthvAdi gaNa paThita zabdo se imanic pratyaya vikalpa se hotA hai / parantu usa pRthvAdigaNa meM mugdha, prauDha, Adi zabdo kA pATha nahIM hai / isalie ina zabdo se imanic pratyaya sambhava nahIM hai ] /

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338] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 55-56 'mugdhimA' 'prIDhimA' ityAdipu imaniz2a mRgyaH / anvepaNIya iti // 54 // aupamyAdayazcAturvarNyavat / 5, 2, 55 / aupamyaM, sAnnidhyam , ityAdayazcAturvaNyavat / 'guNavacana' ityatra 'cAturvADhInAmupasaMkhyAnam' iti vArtikAt svArthikajyamantaH // 55 / / pyA pitkaraNAdIkAro vahulam / 5, 2, 56 / 'guNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhya' iti pitkaraNAdIkAro bhavati / sa bahulam / 'brAhmaNyam' ityAdipu na bhavati / 'sAmagraya' sAmagrI, vaidagdhyaM vaidagdhIti / / 56 // mugdhimA, prauDhimA ityAdi [prayogo] meM [zrUyamANa ] imanic [pratyaya mRgya arthAt ] anveSaNIya hai / [ pRthvAdi gaNa meM mugdha,prauDha Adi zabdo kA pATha na hone me imanij vidhAyaka 'pRthvAdibhya imanij vA aSTAdhyAyI 5, 1, 122 ima mUtra se imanic pratyaya honA sambhava nahIM hai / ataH yaha prayoga azuddha hai ] // 54 // zraupamya prATi [ zabda ] cAturvarNya [ganda ] ke samAna ['caturvarNAdInAM mbArthe upasaMsthAnam' isa vArtika me svArtha meM pyaJ pratyaya karake banate ] hai| 'zrIpamya', 'mAnnidhya' ityAdi [prayoga ] cAnurvarNya [zabda ] ke samAna [mbArya meM pyan pratyaya karake siddha hote ] hai / [ 'guNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhyaH karmaNi ca' sapTAdhyAyI 5, 1, 124 ima sUtra ke pratIka rUpa ] guNavacana isa [sUtra ] meM 'caturvarNAdInAm mbArtha upAkhyAnam' isa vAtika se svArya meM pyan pratyayAnta [jame cAtuma pada banatA hai| isI prakAra sthAyika jyA pratyaya karake hI 'upamaM zrIpamma , 'mannidhireva sAnnidhyam' prAdi prayoga banate ] hai // 55 / / (gaNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhyaH pyanna isa sUtra se vihita ] pyam [pratyaya ] ke zikaraNa me [ unake AdhAra para vidgArAdibhyazca' / aSTA0 4, 1, 41 isa mUna ne ki hue 'DI' pratyaya kA avazeSa rUpa] IkAra bahula karake hotA hai| 'guNavacanabrAhmaNAdibhya.karmaNica [ aSTAdhyAyI 5, 1, 124 ] isa [sUtra] me jo [TIpa pratyaya kA avazeSa spa] IkAra hotA hai vaha bahula karake [ kahA~ hotA, kahIM nahIM ] honA hai| [sa] 'brAhmaNyam' ityAdi [prayogo] meM nahIM

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paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH dhanvIti vrIhyAdipAThAt / 5, 2, 57 / vrIhyAdiSu 'dhanva' zavdasya pAThAt 'dhanvI' iti inau sati siddho bhavati // 57 // sUtra 57-58 ] caturasrazobhIti Nino / 5,2,58 / babhUva tasyAzcaturasrazobhi vapurvibhaktaM navayauvanena / [ 339 hotA hai / sAmagrayam sAmagrI, vaidagdhyam vaidagdhI [ina prayogo meM vikalpa karake hotA hai / arthAt jahA~ svArthika Syan pratyaya hotA hai vahA~ usake Sita hone se 'SidgaurAdibhyazca' isa sUtra se vihita DoS pratyaya bahula karake hotA hai / isalie 'brAhmaNyam' Adi meM DISu nahIM hotA aura anyatra vikalpa se hotA hai ] / yahA~ kAzI vAle saskaraNa me sAmagrayam-sAmagrI, vaidagdhyam - vaidagdhI ina udAharaNo ko isI sUtra kI vRtti me joDa diyA hai / parantu DA0 gagAnAtha jI bhI ne isa grantha kA jo agrejI anuvAda kiyA hai usame isa sUtra ke bAda 'sAmagrayAdiSu vikalpena' yaha sUtra ora diyA hai / aura 'sAmagrayam' Adi ko usa nUtra kA udAharaNa mAnA hai / kAzI vAle saskaraNa meM vaha sUtra nahI hai // 56 // 1 dhanvI yaha [ pada ] brahmAdi [ gaNa meM dhanva zabda kA ] pATha hone se [ siddha hotA hai ] / [ dhanvan zabda ke zradanta na hone se 'zruta iniThanauM' aSTAdhyAyI 5, 2, 115 sUtra se ini pratyaya nahI ho sakatA hai| isalie ] vrIhyAdi gaNa meM [ umako zrAkRtigaNa mAna kara ] 'dhanva' zabda kA pATha hone se [ 'vrIhyAdibhyazca' aSTA0 5, 2, 116 / isa sUtra se ] ini pratyaya hokara 'dhanvI' yaha [ pada ] siddha hotA hai / [ vRtti ke vArANasIya saskaraNa meM 'dhanvan' zabda kA vrIhyAdi gaNa meM pATha mAnA hai / usake sthAna para DA0 gaMgAnAtha jhA ne 'dhanvaM' zabda kA pATha rakhA hai / vahI adhika acchA hai isalie hamane bhI mUla meM usI pATa ko sthAna diyA hai ] // 58 // [ 'supyajAtI NinistAcchIlye' zraSTA0 3,2, 78 sUtra se tAcchIlya arya meM 'caturata zobhitu zIla asya' isa vigraha meM ] Nini pratyaya hone para 'caturastra - atit' yaha [ pada ] siddha hotA hai / nava yauvana se vibhakta usakA zarIra cAro ora me zobhAyukta hogA /

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340 ] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 58 ityatra 'caturasrazobhi' iti na yuktam / brIhyAdiSu zobhAzabdasya pAThe'pi iniratra na siddhayati 'grahaNavatA prAtipadikena tdntvidhiprtissedhaat| bhavatu vA tadantavidhiH / krmdhaaryaanmtvrthiiyaanuppttiH| laghu 'yahAM caturasrazobhi' yaha [ vapu kA vizeSaNa ] ThIka nahIM hai / [kyoki 'zobhA zabda' avanta nahIM hai isalie 'ata iniThanauM', aSTA0 5, 2, 115 / -sUtra se ini pratyaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| brAhmAdi gaNa me yadi usakA pATha hotA to 'brahmAdibhyazca' aSTA0 5, 2,116 sUtra se ini pratyaya ho sakatA thaa| parantu vahAM bhI 'zobhA' zabda kA pATha nahI hai| tIsarA mArga yaha ho sakatA thA ki jaise pichale sUtra meM vrIhyAdi gaNa ko prAkRtigaNa mAna kara usameM apaThita 'dhanva' zabda kA vrIhyAdi gaNa meM pATha mAna liyA gayA hai| isI prakAra isa 'zobhA' zabda kA bhI bIhyAdi gaNa meM pATha mAna kara 'ini' pratyaya kara liyA jAya / so bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kyoMki ], bIhyAdi [gaNa ko prAkRti gaNa mAna kara usa ] me zobhA zabda kA pATha mAnane para bhI yahAM ini [pratyaya] siddha nahI ho sakatA hai / 'grahaNavatA prAtipadikana' [ityAdi ke anusAra] se tadantavidhi kA niSedha hone se| [zobhA zabda' jisake anta meM hai aise 'caturasrazobhA' pada' se 'ini' nahIM ho sakatA hai| ___ athavA durjanatoSa-nyAya se tadanta vidhi bhI mAna le to bhI 'caturasrazobhI' yaha pada nahI bana sakatA hai / kyoki 'caturasrA ca sA zobhA caturasrazobhA' yaha karmadhAraya samAsa huA / 'sA asyAsti iti caturasrazobhi' isa prakAra karmadhAraya se matvarthIya ini pratyaya karane para 'caturasrazobhi' pada ko siddha kiyA jAya yaha cauthA prakAra ho sakatA thA / parantu vaha bhI sambhava nahI hai / kyoki 'na karmadhArayAn matvarthIyo bahuvrIhizcet tadarthapratipattikara' isa ke anusAra karmadhAraya mamAsa se matvarthIya ini pratyaya nahI ho sakatA hai| kyoki 'caturasrA zobhA yasya tat caturasrazobham' isa vahuvrIhi samAsa se bhI vaha artha nikala AtA hai| aura isa vahuvrIhi ko prakriyA me lAghava rahatA hai / isalie 'caturasrazobhi' pada kI siddhi ke lie karmadhAraya se matvarthIya ini pratyaya ke gurubhUta caturtha mArga kA bhI avalambana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / isI bAta ko Age kahate hai / athavA [ durjanatoSa-nyAya se kathaJcit ] tadantavidhi bhI [ mAnya] ho jAya [phira bhI] karmadhAraya [ samAsa ] se matvarthIya [ ini pratyaya] kI anupapatti hai| [ kyoki usameM prakriyA kA gaurava, prAdhikya hotA hai| aura

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sUtra 58 ] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAya. [ 341 tvAt prakramasyeti bahuvrIhiNaiva bhavitavyam / tatkathamiti matvarthIyasyAprAptau caturasrazobhIti prayogaH / Aha / Ninau / caturasra' zobhate iti tAcchIlike ginAcayaM prayogaH / atha, anumeyazobhIti katham / nahyatra pUrvavad vRtti: zakyA katumiti / zubheH sAdhukAriNyAvazyake vA siniM kRtvA tadantAcca bhAvapratyaye pazcAd bahuvrIhiH kartavyaH / anumeyaM zobhitvaM yasya iti / bhAvapratyayastu gatArthatvAnna prayukta' / yathA nirAkulaM tiSThati, sadhIramuvAca iti // 58 // bahuvrIhi samAsa meM dubArA 'ini' zrAdi ke karane binA hI vaha artha pratIta ho jAtA hai isalie ] prakriyA ke lAghava se bahuvrIhi [ samAsa ] hI honA cAhie / to isa prakAra [ karmadhAraya se ] matvarthIya [ ini pratyaya ] ke prApta na hone para 'caturasrazobhi' yaha prayoga kaise hogA / [ yaha pUrvapakSa huA / ] | [ uttara ] kahate hai / [ 'vrIhyAdibhyazca' se ini pratyaya nahIM apitu 'caturasraM zobhitu zIlaM prasya' isa vigraha meM 'supyajAtau NinistAcchIlyai zraSTA0 3,2,78 isa sUtra se ] 'caturakhaM zobhate' isa prakAra tAcchIlyaka Nini [ pratyaya ] ke hone para yaha [ caturasrazobhi ] prayoga siddha hotA hai| [prazna ] acchA 'anumeyazobhi' [ yaha prayoga ] kaise banegA / [ yaha prazna karane kI AvazyakatA isalie par3I ki 'caturasrazobhi' ke samAna tAcchIlya meM Nini karane se bhI isa 'zranumeyazobhi' zabda kI siddhi nahI ho sakatI hai / kyoki ] yahAM [ 'anumeyazobhi' isa pada meM ] pUrva [ caturasrazobhi ] ke samAna [ 'anumeyaM zobhitu N zIla asya' isa prakAra kA ] vigraha nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai / [ kyoki yahA isa prakAra ke artha ko saGgati nahIM lagatI hai / aura tAcchIlya meM Nini karane ke lie karma kA upapada honA Avazyaka hai / parantu yahAM kisI karma kI vivakSA sambhava nahIM hai| aura usake binA tAcchIlya Nini nahIM ho makatA hai / tava 'anumeyazobhi' pada kaise banegA / yaha pUrvapakSI kA prazna hai / zrAge isakA uttara dete hai ] / " [uttara] zubha [ dhAtu ] se sAdhukArI [ artha ] meM [ sAdhukAriNyupasakhyAnam isa vArtika se ] zrathavA zrAvazyaka [ artha ] meM [ zrAvazyakAdhamarNyayoNi ni. apTA0 3, 3, 170 isa sUtra se ] Nini [ pratyaya ] karake [ 'zobhi' pada bana jAne para ] usa NinipratyayAnta ['zobhi' zabda ] se [ 'tasyabhAvastvataloM' zraSTA0 5, 1, 119 sUtra se ] bhAva pratyaya [ tva ] hone para pIche [ usa 'zobhitva' zabda kA 'anumeya' zabda ke sAtha ] bahuvrIhi [ samAsa ] karanA cAhie / 'anumeya hai zobhitva

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342] kAvyAlaGkArasUtravRttI [ sUtra 59-60 kaJcukIyA iti ci / 5, 2, 56 / 'jIvanti rAjamahiSImanu kaJcukIyAH' iti katham ? matvarthIyasya 'cha' pratyayasyAbhAvAt / ata Aha, 'kyaci' / kyaca' pratyaye sati kaJcukIyA iti bhavati / 'kaJcukamAtmana icchanti' kaJcukIyAH / / 56 // bauddhapratiyogyapekSAyAmapi AtizAyanikAH / 5, 2, 60 / jisakA' [ yaha bahuvrIhi samAsa kA svarUpa hogaa| isa prakAra ke samAsa hone para 'anumeyazobhitva' pada bana sakatA hai| isameM se anumeyazobhitva pada ke anta kA 'tva' rUpa] bhAvapratyaya to [ binA bole bhI ] gatArtha ho jAne se [ yahAM anumeyazobhi pada meM ] prayukta nahIM kiyA hai / jaise [ 'nirAkulatvaM yathA syAt tathA tiSThati' athavA 'dhIratvena saha iti sadhIramuvAca' ina vigraho meM prayukta ] 'nirAkulaM tiSThati tathA 'sadhIramuvAca' [prayogoM meM [gatArtha hone se 'tva' rUpa bhAva pratyaya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / isI prakAra 'anumeyaM zobhitvaM yasya' isa vigraha meM 'sva' rUpa bhAva pratyaya kA prayoga na karane para 'anumeyazobhi' pada kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| ] // 58 // 'kaJcukIyAH' yaha [prayoga 'supa AtmanaH kyac' sUtra se ] kyac [pratyaya ] hone para [ siddha hotA hai| rAjamahiSI ke sAtha kaJcukIya jIvita rahate hai| yaha ['kaJcukIyAH' pada kA prayoga] kaise [siddha hogA] ? [ kyoMki . 'kaJcukA yeSA santi iti kaJcukIyAH' isa artha meM kaJcuka zabda se ] matvarthIya cha pratyaya kA [ vidhAyaka koI sUtra na hone ke kAraNa ] prabhAva hone se| (kaJcukIyA pada siddha nahI ho sakatA hai / yaha pUrvapakSa huA ] isa [samAdhAna ] 'ke lie kahate hai / kyaci arthAt [ 'supa prAtmanaH kyac' aSTA0 1,1,8 sUtra se] zyac pratyaya hone para [ aura 'kyaci ca' aSTA0 7, 4, 33 sUtra se kaJcuka zabda ke antima prakAra ke sthAna para IkAra hokara ] 'kaJcukIyAH' yaha [ pada siddha ] hotA hai / [ usakA vigraha athavA artha ] 'kaJcukamAtmana icchanti' apane lie 'kaJcuka' cAhate hai isa artha meM 'kaJcukIyAH [ yaha prayoga siddha hotA hai // 59 // bau . [zabda se upAtta na hone para bhI buddhi meM sannikRSTa ] pratiyogI kI apekSA ma bhI atizayArthaka [tarap tamap Adi pratyaya ] ho sakate hai / [sAdhAraNataH devadatta yajJadatta se adhika balavAn hai isa prakAra devadatta yajJadatta rUpa dono pratiyogiyo ke zabdataH upAtta hone para hI 'balavattaraH'

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sUtra 61] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [343 bauddhasya pratiyogino'pekSAyAmapyAtizAyanikAstaravAdayo bhavanti / ghanataraM tamaH, bahulataraM prema iti / / 60 / / kauzilAdaya ilaci varNalopAt / 5, 2. 61 / 'kauzilo' 'vAsila' ityAdayaH katham ' Aha / kauzikavAsiSThAdibhyaH zabdabhyo nItAvanukampAyAM vA 'ghanilacau ca" iti ilaci kRte, 'ThAjAdAvUvaM dvitIyAdacaH iti varNalopAt siddhayanti // 61 // 'balavattamaH' Adi tara tamap pratyayAnta prayoga hote hai / parantu kahIM-kahIM zabdataH upAtta na hone para bhI ] buddhi niSTha pratiyogI ko apekSA meM bhI atizayAryaka tarapa Adi [pratyaya hote hai / jaise 'ghanatara' andhakAra, athavA bahulatara' prema hai / [ yahA kisakI apekSA 'dhanatara' athavA kisako apekSA 'bahulatara hai yaha bAta zabdataH upAta nahIM hai| parantu 'idaM dhanaM, idaM ca ghana, idamanayoratizayena ghanamiti dhanatara' isa rUpa meM vRddhiniSTha pratiyogI kI apekSA meM ghanatara zabda kA prayoga huA hai ] // 6 // kauzila prAdi [zabda 'ghanilacau ca' aSTA0 5,3,79 sUtra se] ilac [pratyaya ] hone para ['gajAdAvUvaM dvitIyAdacaH' aSTA0 5, 3, 83 sUtra se kauzika zabda ke dvitIya ac se pare 'ka' isakA, aura vAsiSTha zabda ke dvitIya ac se pare 'Tha' isa ] varNa ke lopa se [ aura 'yasyeti ca' aSTA0 6, 4, 148 sUtra se ikAra kA lopa hokara 'kauzila.', 'vAsila.' Adi zabda siddha hote hai / ['anukampita. kauzika , kauzilaH' 'anukampito vasiSThaH vAsila.' isa artha yA vigraha meM ] kauzila vAsilaH ityAdi [zabda prayukta hote hai vaha ] kaise [banate hai / yaha prazna hai ], [isakA uttara] kahate hai| kauzika aura vasiSTha Adi zabdo se nIti athavA anukampA meM ['anukampAyAm' aSTA0 5, 3, 76, 'nItI ca tadyukte' aSTA0 5, 3, 77 ina sUtro ke prakaraNa meM ] 'ghanilacau ca [aSTA0 5, 3, 79 ] sUtra se ilac [pratyaya ] karane para 'gajAdAvUrdhva dvitIyAdaca. [aSTA0 5, 3, 83 ] isa [ sUtra] se [dvitIya ac 'I' ke bAda ke 'ka' tathA 'Tha' ] varNa ko lopa hone se [ kauzila vAsila yaha zabda ] siddha hote hai // 61 // ma. TAdhyAyI 5, 3, 79 / apTAdhyAyI 5, 3, 83 /

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sUtra 87] paJcamAdhikaraNe dvitIyo'dhyAyaH [359 'mandaM manda nurati pavanaH' ityatra manda mandaM ityaprakArArthe bhavati / prakArArthatve tu 'prakAre guNavacanasya' iti dvivaMcane kRte karmadhArayavadbhAve ca mandamandamiti prayogaH / manda mandaM ityatra tu nityavIpsayoriti dvirvacanam / anekabhAvAtmakasya nuderyadA sarve bhAvA mandatvena vyAptumiSTA bhavanti tadA vIpseti // 86 // na nidrAdrugiti bhaSbhAvaprApte. / 5, 2, 87 / 'nidrAdruka-kAdvaivacchaviruparilasadghargharo vArivAhaH / ' ityatra 'nidrAda ka' iti na yukt.| ekAco vazo bhae' iti bhaNbhASaprApteH / anuprAsapriyastvapatraMzaH kRtaH / shr87|| [aSTA0 8, 1, 11 ] isa [ sUtra ] se [ guNavAcaka 'manda zabda ko dvivacana karane para [ usa 'prakAre guNavacamasya' sUtra ke 'karmadhArayavaduttareSu' aSTA0 6, 1, 11 isa sUtra ke adhikAra meM hone se karmadhArayavadbhAva [ karmadhAraya samAsa ke samAna kArya ] hone se [ su Adi vibhakti lopa hokara ] 'mandamanda' yaha prayoga hogaa|'mnd manda prayoga nahI bnegaa]| 'manda manda' isa kAlidAsa ke prayoga ] meM to 'nitya vIpsayo'[aSTA0 8, 1, 4 ] isa [ sUtra ] se dvivacana huA hai ['prakAre guNavacanasya' se nhii]| [anekabhAvaviSaya vyApta icchA vIpsA ] aneka bhAvAtmaka [aneka padArthoM se sambaddha] nud [Nu preraNe] dhAtu ke [ sambaddha ] sava padArthoM meM [eka sAtha ] jaba vyApti iSTa ho taba 'vopsA kahalAtI hai| [yaha vIpsA kA lakSaNa hai / yahAM vIpsA meM dvivaMcana huA hai| ataeva karmadhArayavadbhAva na hone se vibhakti lopa prAdi nahI hotA hai| ataH 'mandaM mandaM nudati pavana' yaha prayoga bana jAtA hai| ] // 86 // "nibAhuk' yaha prayoga ucita nahIM hai / [ 'ekAco bazo bhae jhapantasya sthvoH ' aSTA0 8, 2, 37 isa sUtra se Ta ke sthAna para gharUpa] bhae bhAva kI prApti hone se| [nidrAghra prayoga honA caahie| Upara gar3abhADa karatA huA rAkSasa ke samAma [ bhayaMkara ] bAdala nidrAnAzaka hai [ sone nahIM detA hai| yahA [ isa udAharaNa meM ] 'nidrAnuk yaha [prayoga] ucita nahIM hai| 'ekAco vazo bhae ['ekAco vazo bhae prapantasya svo.' aSTA0 8, 2, 37] isa [ sUtra] se bha bhAva [da ke sthAna para dha] ke prApta hone meM [nidrAdhruva prayoga honA cAhie thaa| parantu ] anuprAmapriya [kaviyo ] ne [ una zabda ko ] vigADa [kara nidrAdruka kara diyA hai / / 87 //