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________________ samAdhimaraNa lekhaka DaoN0 rajjana kumAra ball palh vidyApITha ahiMsA vArANasI sAvijjAjA X dukkhamoyaNI sacca khu bhagavaM 120B pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI sampAdana pro. sAgaramala jaina DaoN0 vijaya kumAra
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________________ pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-124 pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina samAdhimaraNa lekhaka DaoNrajjana kumAra sampAdana pro0 sAgaramala jaina DaoN. vijaya kumAra vidhyA pazvinA vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2001
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________________ phaiksa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha granthamAlA-124 pustaka samAdhimaraNa lekhaka DaoN0 rajjana kumAra sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina/DaoN0 vijaya kumAra prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI0 TI0 AI0 roDa, karauMdI, vArANasI- 221005 dUrabhASa 0452 - 316521, 318046 0542 - 318046 prathama saMskaraNa 2001 I0 mUlya : 260.00 rUpaye mAtra akSara sajjA : rAjeza kampyUTarsa, jayaprakAza nagara, zivapuravA, vArANasI / dUrabhASa : (0542) 220599 , mudraka : rAghava oNphaseTa, baijanatthA, vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ISBN 81-86715-48-7 Parswanatha Vidyapitha Series : 124 Book Smadhimarana Author Dr. Rajjan Kumar Editor Prof. Sagarmal Jain/Dr. Vijaya Kumar Publisher Parswanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi, Varanasi- 221005 Phone : 0452-316521,318046 Fax 0542-318046 First Edition 2001 Price 260.00 Only Type Setting Rajesh Computer's, Jai Prakash Nagar, Shivpurwa, Varanasi. Phone : 0542-220599 Printed at Raghaw Offset, Baijnattha, Varanasi :
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________________ || samarpaNa // zraddheya mAtA - zrImatI sAvitrI devI evaM pitA - zrI rAmacaritra prasAda zrI caraNoM sAdara samarpita - - rajjana
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________________ prakAzakIya jaina paramparA ke sAmAnya AcAra niyamoM meM saMlekhanA yA saMthArA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / jaina gRhastha upAsakoM evaM zramaNa sAdhakoM donoM ke lie svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kA vidhAna jaina AgamoM meM bhI upalabdha hai| jaina Agama sAhitya aise sAdhakoM kI jIvana gAthAoM se bharA par3A hai jinhoMne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa kiyA thA / saMthArA yA samAdhimaraNa meM manuSya kA mRtyu para zAsana hotA hai, jabaki anicchApUrvaka maraNa meM mRtyu manuSya para zAsana karatI hai / inameM prathamAvasthA paNDitamaraNa kI avasthA hai to dUsarI avasthA bAlamaraNa (ajJAnI maraNa) kI avasthA hai / eka jJAnI kI mauta hai to dUsarI ajJAnI kI / ajJAnI viSayAsakta hotA hai isalie vaha mRtyu se DaratA hai, jabaki saccA jJAnI anAsakta hotA hai, ata: vaha mRtyu se nahIM DaratA hai / jo mRtyu se bhaya khAtA hai vaha mRtyu kA zikAra hotA hai, lekina jo mRtyu se nirbhaya ho jAtA hai vaha amaratA kI dizA meM Age bar3ha jAtA hai / sAdhakoM ke prati mahAvIra kA sandeza yahI thA ki mRtyu ke upasthita hone para zarIrAdi se anAsakta hokara use AliMgana de do| ___ mahAvIra ke darzana meM anAsakta jIvana zailI kI isa mahattvapUrNa kasauTI ke vibhinna pakSoM kA lekhaka DaoN0 rajjana kumAra ne isa pustaka meM prAmANika vivecana kiyA hai, ata: ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| sAtha hI hama saMsthAna ke pravaktA DaoN0 vijaya kumAra ke AbhArI haiM jinhoMne isa pustaka ke sampAdana meM sahayoga dene ke sAtha-sAtha prakAzana sambandhI dAyitvoM kA bhI nirvahana kiyA hai| ____ anta meM sundara akSara-sajjA ke lie rAjeza kampyUTarsa evaM svaccha mudraNa hetu rAghava oNphaseTa ko dhanyavAda detA huuN| dinAMka : 11.9.2001 pro0 sAgaramala jaina maMtrI / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha
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________________ purovAk janma lenevAloM kI mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai / janma ke sAtha mRtyu anivArya rUpa se sambaddha hai / janma agara kisI jIvana kA prArambha hai to mRtyu usa jIvana kA avasAna aura yahI satya hai| mRtyu ke pAza se kisI bhI prANI kA baca pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa sanAtana satya ko jAnate hue bhI prANI apanI mRtyu ko TAlane kA yathAzakti prayAsa karatA hai aura duHkhI hotA hai| apane isa prayatna meM kadAcit jIvana ke AnaMda se bhI vaMcita raha jAtA hai| manuSya ko isa trAsadI kI bhayAvahatA se mukta rakhane ke lie marmajJa vidvAnoM ne aneka bAra isa bAta kA udghoSa kiyA hai- 'jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyuH' arthAt janma lenevAloM kI mRtyu sunizcita hai / mRtyu janmadhArI ke lie zAzvata satya hai| isa prakAra yaha svIkAra karane meM kadAcit saMkoca nahIM honA cAhie ki janma kI bhA~ti maraNa bhI jIvana kA abhinna pakSa hai| agara janma hai to mRtyu bhI hai| jIvana jInA eka kalA hai to mRtyu ko aMgIkAra karanA isase kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya cintakoM ne jIvana kI bhA~ti maraNa ko bhI apane cintana meM paryApta sthAna diyA hai| jaina evaM jainetara vidvAnoM kA isa sambandha meM mata hai jIvana meM janma sarvopari hai, parantu yahI eka mAtra satya nahIM hai / mRtyu ke binA jIvana usa rAjA kI bhA~ti hai jo kathAkAra ke samakSa yaha kahane ko vivaza ho jAtA hai - basa aura nahIM ! aba anta karo! maraNa kA yaha sandarbha mAtra vyavahArika mahattva kA hI cintana nahIM hai varan mAnava jIvana meM kucha aura pakSa kA bhI vivecana prastuta karatA hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki vartamAna jIvana athavA janma mAtra jIvana kA nirdhAraka hai, jabaki mRtyu kaI janmoM kA nirdhAraka bana jAtA hai| isa vizvAsa ke pIche tarka hai, darzana hai, adhyAtma hai aura sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki granthoM meM isa hetu sAkSya upalabdha haiN| jaina cintaka isa hetu dRSTAnta prastuta karate hue isa bAta para bala dete haiM ki mRtyu kI belA meM sAdhaka ko adhika sajaga rahanA caahie| use mRtyu kA zoka na karake samArohapUvarka usakA Ananda manAnA cAhie / jaina loga mAtra isa prakAra cintana hI nahIM karate varan mRtyu mahotsava kA Ayojana vyAvahArika rUpa meM bhI karate haiN| yaha jaina paramparA kA apanA vaiziSTya hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| jaina cintana meM mAnava jIvana kA antima lakSya-AtmA ke svarUpa kI prApti hai| isa hetu sAdhanA kA Azraya lenA par3atA hai| isakI sahAyatA se AtmasvarUpa kA saccA digdarzana saMbhava hai| isI ke dvArA vyakti/sAdhaka AtmAmaya aura AtmA ke svarUpa ko AveSTita kiye hue hai aura isakA nAza mAtra sAdhanA ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| tapa Adi sAdhanA vividha prakAra kI sAdhanA hai| ata: yaha svIkAra karane meM kizcit virodha nahIM hai ki
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________________ AtmasvarUpa ke digdarzana meM dehAdika aMgoM kA sakriya yogadAna rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vidvAnoM ne zArIrika svAsthya evaM deharakSaNa ko bhI mahattva pradAna kiyA hai| . yogAdi sAdhanAbhyAsa ke dvArA jahA~ eka tarapha deha rakSA kI jAtI hai vahIM dUsarI tarapha Atma sAkSAtkAra bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM yaha vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki manuSya ko yathAzakti deharakSA karanI cAhie, parantu kadAcit kisI kAraNa se daihika sAdhanoM para upasarga A jAe, utsAha kSINa hone lage, jIvana bhArasvarUpa lagane lage, nitya kriyAoM ke sampAdana meM vyavadhAna Ane lage, kisI bhI kArya ko sampanna karane ke lie kisI anya ke sahAyatA kI apekSA hone lage taba ina viSama paristhitiyoM meM manuSya ko samAdhimaraNa aMgIkAra karanA caahie| 'samAdhimaraNa' sAmAnya bolacAla kI bhASA meM samAdhipUrvaka maraNa karane kA nAma hai| yaha samAdhimaraNa kA eka artha avazya ho sakatA hai, parantu jaina mata meM yaha samAdhimaraNa kA artha nahIM hai| yaha usakA pAribhASika zabda hai jise sAmAnya artha kA vAcaka nahIM mAnA gayA hai| samAdhimaraNa meM dehatyAga avazya kiyA jAtA hai, lekina nitAMta vilakSaNa DhaMga se / isa avasthA meM sAdhaka dRr3hatApUrvaka zarIra ke saMrakSaNa kA bhAva chor3a detA hai / AhArAdi kA tyAga kara nirvikalpa bhAva se ekAnta, pavitra, zAnta sthAna meM Atmacintana karate hue AnevAlI mRtyu kI pratIkSA kI jAtI hai| pratIkSA ke isa anakrama meM kisI prakAra kI zIghratA athavA vilamba kI cAha nahIM rahatI hai, rahatI hai to basa eka mAtra bhAvanA AnevAlI mRtyu ke svAgata kI / yahI samAdhimaraNa hai jise jainoM ne kaI nAma diye haiM - sallekhanA, saMthArA, samAdhimaraNa, paMDitamaraNa, jJAnImaraNa, sakAmaraNa, udyuktamaraNa, saMnyAsamaraNa, aMtakriyA, mRtyumahotsava Adi / samAdhimaraNa svaicchika dehatyAga kA zAnta, saumya, dharma-sammata upakrama hai| yaha balapUrvaka nahIM varan prItipUrvaka jIvana kI antima belA meM svIkAra karanevAlA karma hai| yaha sarvaduHkha vinAzaka evaM mokSapradAyaka hai| ise vratarAja bhI kahA jAtA hai / kyoMki vrata kI bhA~ti ise zradvA evaM vizvAsa ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / yaha svapreraNA ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA pramukha uddezya hotA hai - dharma aura saMyama kI rakSA / vastutaH ina bhAvanAoM se yukta karma kabhI bhI kisI prakAra ke bAhya dabAva meM Akara svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, balki svataH hI antasa kI preraNA pAkara prArambha ho jAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM yaha spaSTa likhA hai ki samAdhimaraNa balAta nahIM karAyA jA sakatA, prIti ke rahane para hI yaha pUrNa hotA hai| svapreraNA isa vrata ko prArambha karane kI prathama apekSA hai jisakA mUla maMtavya hai rAga-dveSa ke bandhana ko alpa krnaa| rAga-dveSa hI sarva du:khoM kA janaka hai / samAdhimaraNa meM isI mUla kAraNa ko alpa karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai / manuSya apane deha ke prati sabase adhika mamatva rakhatA
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________________ hai / samAdhimaraNa meM isI dehAzakti ko khatma kiyA jAtA hai / kahA bhI gayA hai samAdhimaraNa jarA, roga, indriya, zarIra bala kI hAni tathA SaDAvazyaka ke nAza hone kI sthiti meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / vyakti ko jaba yaha vidita ho jAtA hai ki daihika vikAroM tathA isI taraha ke anyAnya kAraNoM se aba yaha zarIra adhika samaya taka TikanevAlA nahIM hai| isako svastha rakhane ke sAre prayatna vyartha ho jAnevAle haiM athavA ho cuke haiN| isakI jIrNatA svayaM tathA dUsaroM ke lie kaSTakArI bana gaye haiM / aba yaha zarIra dainika kAryoM tathA dharmArAdhanA meM bhI sahayogI nahIM raha gayA / aisI hI vikaTa paristhitiyoM meM daihika mamatva kA parityAga karake samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isI anukrama meM jaina paramparA ne do prakAra ke samAdhimaraNa kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA hai- (1) sAgArI (2) sAmAnya / anAyAsa aisI viSama paristhiti meM pha~sa jAne para jisameM prANatyAga karane ke atirikta koI anya mArga zeSa nahI bacatA taba sAgArI saMthArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / saubhAgyavaza vyakti isa viSama paristhiti se baca nikalatA hai taba vaha sAmAnya jIvana yApana karane lagatA hai / dUsarI sthiti meM samAdhimaraNa jIvana bhara ke lie svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / isa hetu jainoM ne bArahavarSIya saMthArA kA vidhAna prastuta kiyA hai| yaha eka vizeSa prakAra kI kriyA-vidhi hai jisakA paripAlana atyanta saMyama, niSThA, dhairya evaM pavitra mana se kiyA jAtA hai / isa anukrama meM sAdhaka kaSAya ko kSINa karate hue rAga-dveSa ko kramaza: alpa karatA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa alpa kaSAya evaM kamajora rAga-dveSa hone para hI kiyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vyakti isa samaya dehapAta karane meM bhAvAtmaka bhrAnti nahIM pAlatA hai| bhAvanA kA Avega kaSAya se cAlita hotA hai jo vyakti ko rAga-dveSa se jor3atA hai| isI ke vazIbhUta hokara manuSya AtmahatyA ke dvArA dehatyAga kara letA hai / aba yahA~ eka prazna uThatA hai kyA samAdhimaraNa bhI AtmahatyA kA eka prakAra hai? bhrAntivaza loga isa taraha ke prazna samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM uThAte rahe haiM / sambhavata: ve yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki AtmahatyA tIvra saMvega tathA kisI taraha ke bhAvAtmaka Aveza meM Akara kI jAtI hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM isakA abhAva rahatA hai / yahA~ na to rAgAtmaka bhAva pAyA jAtA hai aura na dveSAtmaka pravRtti hI / anAsakti hI samAdhimaraNa kA mUlamaMtra hai| jaina cintana me AtmahatyA ko anaitika evaM asAmAjika kRtya kahA gayA hai| laukika evaM AdhyAtmika stara para isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| lekina jaina paramparA meM sadguNoM ke rakSaNa hetu dehatyAga kA vyApaka sarmathana bhI huA hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki zarIra evaM sadguNa rakSaNa meM se kisI eka ke cayana kA prasaMga upasthita hone para vyakti ko ni:saMkoca sadguNoM kI rakSA karanI caahie| usakA yaha nirNaya dharmasammata, samAjasammata, nItisammata evaM AdhyAtma se paripUrNa mAnA jAegA , kyoMki sadaguNoM ko
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________________ naSTa karake apayazayukta jIvana se maraNa pratyeka dRSTi se zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| vastuta: samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA bhI isI niyama se paricAlita hotI hai| jIvana aura mRtyu do viparIta avasara hai| donoM hI anivArya aura anyonyAzrita haiN| donoM kA apanA darzana hai evaM mahattva hai / cintakoM ne donoM ko kalA kahA haijIvanakalA aura mRtyukalA / aba yahA~ prazna uThatA hai donoM meM kauna zreSTha hai| yaha bar3A hI duSkara prazna hai aura prati uttara atyanta kaThina / agara hama jIvana ko zreSTha kahate haiM to mRtyu ko kyA kaheM aura agara mRtyu ko zreSTha kahate haiM to jIvana ke prati nyAya nahIM kara pAte / isa samasyA kA samAdhAna jaina cintakoM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai-- jIvana adhyayana kAla hai jabaki mRtyu parIkSA kI ghdd'ii| binA adhyayana parIkSA meM saphala nahIM huA jA sakatA aura binA parIkSA die adhyayana kI parakha nahIM ho sakatI / ata: donoM kA samAna mahattva hai phira bhI parIkSAkAla ko apekSAkRta adhika zreSTha mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isa samaya thor3I sI cUka pUre adhyayana kAla ke parizrama ko vyartha kara sakatI hai| isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki yahI eka mAtra satya hai / aisA isalie kahA gayA hai ki mRtyU hI vaha avasara hai jahA~ prANI apane bhAvI janma kA cunAva karatA hai / mRtyu ke kSaNa jIva ke mana meM jisa prakAra kI bhAvanA hotI hai usI ke anurUpa use janma prApta hotA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke anukrama meM vyakti prAya: bhAvazUnya rahatA hai| ata: vaha navIna janma prApta nahIM karatA arthAt use mukti mila jAtI hai / mukti hI pratyeka prANI kA carama lakSya mAnA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina cintaka samAdhimaraNa ko AtmahatyA nahIM varan AtmarakSA kahate haiM / mAnava zarIra mAtra hAr3a-mAMsa kA puMja nahIM hai, varan darzana-jJAna-cAritra kA saMgrAhaka bhI hai| jIva ke vividha paryAya mAne gaye haiM, mAnava paryAya unameM se eka hai / ise sabhI paryAyoM meM zreSTha aura darlabha kahA gayA hai| jIva isI mAnava paryAya meM apanA carama lakSya mokSa athavA mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai / mokSa vaha prAptavya hai jo bAra-bAra mRtyu ke kAraNa honevAle saMtApa se jIva ko sarvadA ke lie mukta kara detA hai| ata: manuSya yoni meM janma lene para jIva ko isa suavasara kA lAbha lenA cAhie / mutyu kaba, kisa rUpa meM aura kisa kSaNa sAmane A jAe nizcita nahIM hai| astu isa mAnava paryAya ko saphala banAne ke lie ve sArI kRtya karane cAhie jo mokSa prApti meM sahAyaka hoM / tapa, dharma kA abhyAsa evaM AgamAnusAra samAdhimaraNa karane se ratnatraya kI prApti saMbhava hai| samAdhimaraNa svaicchika dehatyAga kA vaha prArUpa hai jo dharmasammata hone ke sAthasAtha naitika rUpa se bhI grAhya hai ise sAmAjika dRSTi se bhI mAnya kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna kAla se lekara Aja taka jaina paramparA meM ise AdarapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / isake sAkSI jaina sAhitya evaM purAtAttvika abhilekha haiM jinakI prAmANikatA asaMdigdha hai| pUrva kI
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________________ bhA~ti Aja bhI samAdhimaraNa samArohapUrvaka atyanta zradvA ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki isa paramparA se anabhijJajana isa para vividha taraha ke AkSepa karate rahate haiM / parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki isake dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika svarUpa para zAyada hI kabhI kisI taraha kA vivAda kiyA gayA ho| jainetara matoM meM dehatyAga ke rUpa meM vividha prakAra ke rUpa mAnya rahe haiM jaise parvata, vRkSa athavA kisI U~ce sthAna se girakara prANatyAga karanA, aMga vizeSa kI balI car3hAkara, agni meM jalakara, jala meM DUbakara, bhArI vAhanoM ke sAmane kUdakara maraNa prApta karanA / eka samaya meM maraNa prApta karane kI ina vidhiyoM ko dhArmika, naitika evaM sAmAjika mAnyatA prApta thii| lekina kAlAntara meM inakA virodha huA aura aMtata: ina para pratibaMdha lagA diyA gayA / aisA kyoM huA isa para cintakoM meM paryApta UhApoha kI sthiti hai| isa sambandha meM unakA yahI cintana hai ki mRtyu ko prApta karane ke ye prArUpa atyaMta vIbhatsa evaM amAnavIya haiM / inakA sAmAjika durUpayoga sambhava hai / dUsarI tarapha samAdhimaraNa kA dehatyAga mRda, zAnta, saumya hai jisakA durUpayoga kara pAnA zAyada sambhava nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki samAdhimaraNa pUrva kI bhA~ti Aja bhI jainoM ke bIca lokapriya banA huA hai| ___ astu yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa dehatyAga kA eka prArUpa hai jisakA dArzanika, dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika evaM AdhyAtmika mahattva hai / isake sAtha-sAtha samAdhimaraNa kA apanA itihAsa bhI hai| prastuta pustaka meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita vibhinna prakAra ke pakSoM kA vivecana bhinna-bhinna adhyAyoM meM haA hai| pustaka meM upalabdha sAmagrI kA prAmANika vivecama prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| kintu merA parizrama tabhI sArthaka hogA / jaba vidvAn pAThaka isa para apanI pratikriyA aura parAmarza hetu do zabda kheNge| prastuta kRti meM kucha kamiyA~ avazya hoMgI jisakA uttaradAyitva merA hai jisakA parimArjana pAThaka ke parAmarza ke binA zAyada sambhava nahIM hai| prastuta pustaka ko pUrNa karane meM vividha staroM para bhinna-bhinna mahAnubhAvoM kA pratyakSa evaM parokSa rUpa se sahayoga rahA hai / ata: isa sandarbha meM sarvaprathama maiM pUjya guruvara pro0 sAgaramala jaina (mAnada nidezaka evaM maMtrI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI) ke prati apanI kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ jinake nirdezana meM yaha kArya pUrNatA ko prApta haA hai aura jinakI svIkRti para yaha pustaka prakAzita huI hai| ata: unakA mai hRdaya se AbhArI padmavibhUSaNa sva0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA (ahamadAbAda), pro0 rAmajI siMha (pUrva kulapati, jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), pro0 kamalacanda sogANI (pUrva adhyakSa, darzana vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura), pro0 umAzaMkara lAla (pUrva adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, magadha vizvavidyAlaya, bodha gayA), pro0 revatI ramaNa pANDeya (AcArya; darzana vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0, vArANasI) kA AbhArI hU~ jinakI
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________________ vi preraNA ne mujhe pustaka pUrNa karane kA mArga pradAna kiyA / ina gurujanoM ke AzISa ke binA pustaka kA kArya kabhI bhI pUrNa nahIM ho pAtA / pro0 bInA zAha (nidezaka, AI0 e0 esa0 I0, mahAtmA jyotiSA phule rUhelakhaNDa vi0 vi0, barelI), DaoN0 jitendra bI0 zAha (nidezaka, zAradAbena cimana bhAI ejukezanala TrasTa, ahamadAbAda), DA0 azoka kumAra siMha evaM DA0 zivaprasAda (pravaktAdvaya, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI), ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ jinakA sahayoga pustaka pUrNa karane meM prApta huA / pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke saciva zrI bhUpendranAtha jaina, saMyukta saciva zrI indrabhUti barar3a, nidezaka- pro0 bhAgacaMda jaina kA AbhArI hU~ jinake sahayoga evaM kRpA ke binA saMsthAna se isa pustaka kA prakAzana zAyada hI sambhava ho pAtA / unake isa sahayoga ke lie unhe koTizaH dhanyavAda / agraja - zambhU dA, anuja - manoja, bahana rekhA evaM bahanoI - dhanaMjaya, DA0 azoka kumAra zrIvAstava, zrI sudhIra zaMkara ke prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ jinake bhAvAtmaka prema ne pustaka pUrNa karane kA sAhasa pradAna kiyA / apanI patnI DaoN0 sunItA (adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, esa0 vI0 esa0 snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, rur3akI) ke sahayoga ke binA isa pustaka kA prakAzana sambhava nahIM thA / usane pratyeka stara para isa hetu pUrNa yogadAna kiyaa| kamoveza yaha usakI hI kRti hai aura use pradAna kara anupama sukha kA anubhava kara rahA hU~ / DaoN0 vijaya kumAra evaM DaoN0 sudhA jaina (pravaktAdvaya, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI) kA pustaka prakAzana meM sarAhanIya yogadAna rhaa| isa hetu donoM ko AbhAra, dhanyavAda evaM AzIrvAda / sundara akSara-sajjA hetu rAjeza kampyUTarsa ko aura AkarSaka mudraNa lie rAghava oNphaseTa ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ / eka bAra punaH sabake prati jinhoMne isa pustaka ko pUrNa karane meM parokSa / aparokSa sahayoga kiyA, kRtajJatA jJApita karatA hU~ evaM pustaka meM honevAlI truTiyoM ke lie kSamA cAhatA hU~ / mahAtmA jyotiSA phule rUhelakhaNDa vizvavidyAlaya, barelI- 243006 ( uttara pradeza) vinIta rajjana kumAra upAcArya evaM adhyakSa
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________________ viSayAnukramaNikA samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 1-44 samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya 45-61 samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 62-124 125-173 samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 174-189 jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 190-210 211-217 upasaMhAra sandarbha grantha-sUcI 8. 218-224
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________________ prathama adhyAya samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ samAdhimaraNa kA svarUpa jIvana kyA hai? ise kaise Anandamaya banAyA jAe tAki manuSya sukhoM ke sAdhanoM kA samyak upabhoga kara ske| isakI zikSA denevAle anaginata zAstra Aja hamAre samakSa haiM, vibhinna prakAra kI takanIka tathA kaI prakAra kI pravidhiyoM kA aviSkAra bhI ho rahA hai| phira bhI manuSya sarvadA se isa UhApoha meM rahA hai ki vaha kaise sukhapUrvaka jIvana bitAe? isa sandarbha meM vaha sabhI taraha ke udyama karatA rahatA hai, kintu vaha jIvana ke usa antima caraNa se anabhijJa rahatA hai jisakA nAma hai - mRtyu / mAnava ne AnandapUrvaka jIne kI kalA to sIkhI hai, lekina AnandapUrvaka maraNa ko svIkAra karane kI kalA se vaha anabhijJa hI rahA hai yA rahanA cAhatA hai| bahuta kama logoM ne hI isa viSaya para cintana kiyA hai ki jIvana ko sukhapUrvaka jIne ke bAda prANoM ko sukhapUrvaka kaise chor3A jAya? jisa prakAra bacapana, yauvana, bur3hApA sukhapUrvaka bItA hai, vaise hI mRtyu bhI sukhapUrvaka evaM AnandapUrvaka AnI caahie| isa viSaya para socanA bahuta Avazyaka hai, jIvana kalA tabhI sArthaka hogI jaba mRtyu kalA bhI sIkha lI jaae| manuSya jIvana bhara Ananda karatA hai, khAna-pAna meM, bhoga-vilAsa meM rAga-raMga aura ha~sI-khuzI meM samaya bitAtA hai / cintA, zoka Apatti kyA hotI hai? isakA nAma bhI nahIM jAnatA arthAt hara dRSTi se sukha kA anubhava karatA hai, kintu AkhirI samaya jaba mRtyu A khar3I hotI hai, mauta kA tAMDava jakhoM ke samakSa upasthita ho jAtA hai, taba hAthapAMva kApane lagate haiN| azAMta, pIr3A se vyathita hokara tar3apatA huA, vilakhatA huA sabako chor3akara cale jAnA, mana meM dhana-vaibhava, mitra-parivAra sabake lie pIr3A kA bhAva lie isa saMsAra se prayANa kara jAnA jIvana kI kalA nahIM kahI jA sakatI, kyoMki mRtyu kA bhaya sampUrNa jIvana ke Ananda ko, caina ko aise naSTa kara detA hai jaise olA-vRSTi kA teja prahAra saMjokara rakhI gayI phasaloM ko caupaTa kara detA hai| maraNakAla kI vyathA jIvana ke sabhI Ananda ko miTTI meM milA detI hai| isIlie jIvanakalA ke sAtha-sAtha mRtyukalA bhI sIkhanI caahie|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa bhAratIya manISiyoM ne jitanA jIvana ke viSaya meM ciMtana kiyA hai, utanA hI mRtyU ke viSaya meM bhI socA hai| jIvanakalA ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne mRtyukalA para bhI gaharA manana kiyA hai aura isa rahasya ko prApta kara liyA hai ki mRtyu ke samaya hama kisa prakAra ha~sate hue zAnti aura kRtakRtyatA kA anubhava karate hue prANoM ko chor3a sakate haiN| dehatyAga ke samaya hameM koI mAnasika udvega yA cintA na ho| jisa prakAra hama apane purAne-phaTe vastroM ko utAra kara navIna vastra dhAraNa karate haiM, usI prakAra kI anubhUti dehatyAga ke samaya honI caahie| jisa prakAra patha para calatA huA pathika lakSya para pahu~cakara vizrAnti kA anubhava karatA hai, usI prakAra kI zAnti aura vizrAnti kA anubhava hameM dehatyAga ke samaya honA caahie| hamArI dRSTi meM zarIra-tyAga vastra-parivartana yA yAtrA kI samApti se adhika kucha nahIM hai, isa prakAra kI jIvana-dRSTi honI caahie| jIvana kA yaha dRSTikoNa mRtyu kI kalA hai aura isa kalA ko sIkhAne kA sabase adhika prayatna jaina manISiyoM ne kiyA hai, jise samAdhimaraNa, saMlekhanA, saMthArA Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma mukhya rUpa se nivRttipradhAna dharma hai| nivRttipradhAna dharma hone ke kAraNa isameM sAMsArika jIvana aura bhautika sukhoM kI upalabdhi kI upekSA kI gaI hai tathA mAnava jIvana kA parama lakSya mokSa yA nirvANa mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra mokSa kI prApti ke lie navIna karmabandha ko rokanA hotA hai| sAtha hI sAtha pUrva saMcita karmoM kA bhI kSaya karanA hotA hai| inheM kramaza: saMvara aura nirjarA ke dvArA pUrNa kiyA jAtA hai| saMyama aura tapa jaina sAdhanA ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| saMyama ke dvArA navIna karmabandha kI prakriyA kA niSedha arthAt Asrava kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| nirjarA ke dvArA pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| jaina sAdhanA ke lie eka caturvidha mArga kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai jisameM jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa kA nirUpaNa huA hai| kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ke dvArA heya aura upAdeya ko jAnanA cAhie, darzana ke dvArA usa para zraddhA karanI cAhie, cAritra ke dvArA navIna karmoM kA nigraha karanA cAhie (cAritra kA tAtparya yahA~ saMyama hai) aura tapa ke dvArA pUrva karmoM kA kSaya karake AtmA kA zodhana karanA caahie| isase vyakti tapa aura saMyama ke dvArA pUrva karmoM kA kSaya karake sarva du:khoM kA anta kara detA hai arthAt nirvANa yA mokSa prApta kara letA hai| nirgrantha paramparA kI kaThora tapa-sAdhanA prasiddha hai| eka bAra bhagavAn buddha ne kucha nirgranthoM ko kaThora tapa karate dekhA to unhoMne unase pUchA ki tuma yaha kaThora tapa kyoM kara rahe ho? unhoMne (nirgranthoM) pratyuttara diyA ki hama pUrva karmoM yA pApoM kA kSaya karane
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ ke lie yaha kaThora tapa kara rahe haiN| isa tapa-prakriyA kA vistAra se vivecana 'tapomArga' nAmaka adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM bAraha prakAra ke tapoM kA vivecana milatA hai jinameM chaha Antarika evaM chaha bAhya tapa haiN| bAhya tapoM meM anazana kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isameM anazana ke yAvatkathita evaM maraNakAla do rUpoM kA varNana hai| anazana ko samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA kA eka Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| isase aisA nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki samAdhimaraNa bAhya tapa hai yA bAhya tapa kA eka aMga hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA meM anazana ke dvArA jahA~ deha ke kRzIkaraNa kI prakriyA apanAyI jAtI hai, vahIM dhyAna Adi sAdhanA ke dvArA caturvidha kaSAyoM ko kSINa karane kI prakriyA bhI apanAyI jAtI hai| samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA na kevala zarIra vyutsarga kI prakriyA hai, apitu kaSAya vyutsarga kI bhI prakriyA hai| isameM Atmazodhana yA cittazodhana bhI pramukha hai| jaina paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ko mukhya rUpa meM deha ke prati mamatvatyAga yA dehAsakti se Upara uThane ke sAtha hI sAtha Atmazodhana yA AtmAnubhUti kI prApti mAnA gayA hai| yaha maraNakAla meM upasthita honevAlI bAdhAoM se sAdhaka ko dUra rakhatI hai jisase ki usake hRdaya meM vyAkulatA kA bhAva nahIM panapatA hai| yaha cetanA ke antarmukhIkaraNa kI prakriyA hai jo vyakti meM samatva kA bhAva jagAtI hai, jisase vaha jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM 'sama' banA rahatA hai| vaha mRtyu ko bhI jIvana kI taraha hI eka Avazyaka prakriyA samajhatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki samAdhimaraNa ko mRtyukalA ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| __ jaina paramparA ke sAmAnya AcAra-niyamoM meM samAdhimaraNa eka mahattvapUrNa avadhAraNA hai, jise saMlekhanA, saMthArA Adi nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma meM zramaNa sAdhakoM evaM gRhastha upAsakoM donoM ke lie samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke nirdeza milate haiN| jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke anekoM sandarbha haiN| antakRddazAMga evaM anuttaropapAtika meM aise zramaNa sAdhakoM aura upAsakadazAMga meM aise gRhasthoM kI jIvana gAthAe~ milatI haiM, jinhoMne jIvana ke antima samaya meM samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA thaa| AcArAMga, samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga, paMcAzakAdi prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM samAdhimaraNa athavA saMlekhanA ke svarUpa para vicAra-vimarza huA hai, lekina ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa kA suspaSTa zabdoM meM jo vivecana kiyA hai, vaha anyatra nahIM hai| unake anusAra- "upasarga, durbhikSa, jarA (bur3hApA), asAdhya roga
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________________ samAdhimaraNa athavA isI taraha kI koI prANaghAtaka anivArya paristhiti upasthita ho jAne para dharma kI rakSA athavA samabhAva kI sAdhanA ke lie jo dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai|" unhoMne samAdhimaraNa ko dharmarakSArtha jIvana kI aMtima belA meM grahaNa kI jAne vAlI samyak kriyA mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa ko paNDitamaraNa athavA sakAmamaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| paNDitamaraNa jJAnIjanoM kA maraNa hai| jJAnI puruSa mRtyu upasthita hone para anAsakta bhAva se use grahaNa karate haiN| anAsakta bhAva kA artha hai- dehatyAga kI sthiti meM bhI avikala rhnaa| jo vyakti mRtya se bhAgatA hai, usase DaratA hai vaha sacce artha meM anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA se anabhijJa rahatA hai| jise anAsakta mRtyu kI kalA nahIM AtI vaha anAsakta jIvana kI kalA bhI nahIM samajha sakatA hai| anAsakta bhAva se mRtyuvaraNa karane kI kalA ko samAdhimaraNa kahA jAtA hai| jIvana kI antima belA meM athavA kisI Asanna saMkaTApanna avasthA meM idhara-udhara ke vikSepa, mAyA-mamatA, vaibhava-vilAsa, lalaka-lAlasA se pRthak hokara apanI svIkRta sAdhanA, Atma-manthana ke prati eka rUpa hokara tathA sabhI pApa, tApa, santApa, samagra Asakti-prIti se vimukta hokara anazanapUrvaka deha para se mamatva kA tyAga karane kA nAma hI samAdhimaraNa hai| sAdhanA kI isa atamukhI sthiti meM sAdhaka parivAra, ghara, jar3a, cetana Adi sabhI padArthoM se Asakti kA tyAga karatA hai| apanI samagra zakti arthAt AtmA, mana, prANa Adi ko isa samatva-sAdhanA ke sAtha ekaniSTha tathA ekarasa kara detA hai| sAdhaka ko laukika aura pAralaukika donoM hI saMsAra kA AkarSaNa nahIM rahatA hai| sabhI ora se simaTa kara vaha vizuddha Atma-pariNati meM vicaraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa vizuddha cAritra se yukta AtmabhAva meM AtmA ke ramaNa karane kA nAma hai| mahApratyAkhyAna meM samAdhimaraNa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa karanevAle kI AtmA bola uThatI hai....... "AhAra, upAdhi, deha Adi sabakA maiM manavacana-kAya se tyAga karatA huuN| / AhAra, upAdhi Adi ko vyakti deharakSaNa ke lie hI dhAraNa karatA hai, kyoMki zarIra ko banAe rakhane ke lie AhAra Avazyaka hai| sardI-garmI Adi se zarIra ko bacAne ke lie vastra, upakaraNa Adi kA prayoga upAdhi kahalAtA hai| lekina yahA~ to jisa deha ke rakSaNa ke lie AhAra, upAdhi ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usI ko tyAga karane kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai| ata: samAdhimaraNa kI bhAvanA eka bahuta hI udAtta bhAvanA kI paricAyaka
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ mAnI jA sakatI haiM / mana-vacana-kAya ke prayoga ke sandarbha meM yahA~ yaha vivecana upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki tInoM hI yogoM se AhAra, upAdhi aura deha ke tyAga kA bhAva honA cAhie, kyoMki vyakti vacana aura kAya se dehatyAga kI bAta karatA hai aura mana se nahIM karatA hai, to usakA yaha dehatyAga samAdhimaraNa na hokara eka prakAra se AtmahatyA hI hogI, jabaki samAdhimaraNa AtmahatyA nahIM hai| upAsakAdhyayana ke anusAra vyakti ko jaba yaha vidita ho jAe ki usakA zarIra naSTa honevAlA hai to use samabhAvapUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga karanA cAhie / puna: isI meM kahA gayA hai ki agara deha Thaharane yogya ho to use naSTa nahIM karanA cAhie aura yadi vaha naSTa ho rahA ho to kisI taraha kA pramAda bhI nahIM karanA cAhie / 5 5 prAyaH vyakti dehAsakti ke kAraNa apane glAna zarIra ko bharapUra zakti se bacAne kA prayatna karatA hai, lekina jaba usake prayatna niSphala hone lagate haiM to vaha duHkha aura zoka ke gahare sAgara meM DUba jAtA hai| duHkha aura zoka kI yaha chAyA usake bace hue jIvana ko bhI viSAdamaya banA detI hai| phalata: vaha jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI avasthAoM meM kleza ko prApta karatA hai| yaha kleza hI usake samasta duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta grantha (upAsakAdhyayana) meM graMthakAra vyakti ko isa viSAdamaya kleza se mukta hokara nAzavAna zarIra ke vinaSTa hone para kisI taraha kA duHkha nahIM karane kA saMdeza de rahe haiN| sAmAnya rUpa se vyakti rAga-dveSa se grasita rahatA hai / vaha deha ke prati mohabhAva rakhatA hai| phalata: vaha nAnAprakAra ke duHkhoM ko sahatA hai, kyoMki deha ke prati rAgabhAva aura deha ke vinAza ke kAraNoM ke prati dveSabhAva hone se vaha samabhAva ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai| vaha apane priyajanoM kI mRtyu athavA svayaM kI mRtyu kI sambhAvanA se sadaiva bhayabhIta rahatA hai| lekina jo jJAnI haiM, ve aisA nahIM samajhate haiN| ve apanI mRtyu se nahIM Darate haiN| unake anusAra to mRtyu jIrNa-zIrNa zarIrarUpI piMjare se AtmA ko chuTakArA dilAtI hai, ata: yaha to kalyANakArI mitra hai / aisI nirAkAMkSa samabhAva mRtyu ko mRtyu mahotsava (samAdhimaraNa) kahA gayA hai| sAmAnya vyakti saMsAra aura viSaya kaSAya ke poSaka jar3a aura cetana padArthoM ko AtmIya samajhate haiN| isI kAraNa unheM inako chor3ane meM duHkha hotA hai / lekina jo jJAnI haiM aura jinheM deha aura AtmA ke bheda kA jJAna hai ve viSaya aura kaSAya kI poSaka bAhya vastuoM ko tathA apane zarIra ko bhI AtmIya nahIM mAnate haiM / ata: unheM inako chor3ane kA duHkha nahIM hotA hai| ve isa saMsAra ko apanA vAstavika nivAsa sthAna nahIM samajhate
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________________ samAdhimaraNa haiN| ve isase mukta honA cAhate haiN| ata: jJAnI vyakti apane paudgalika zarIra ke tyAga kA avasara upasthita hone para AnevAlI mRtyu kA mahotsava manAte haiN| ve apane rugNa, asakta kSaNabhaMgura, jIrNa-zIrNa zarIra ko usI prakAra prasannatApUrvaka chor3ate haiM jisa prakAra nayA vastra grahaNa karane ke lie purAne vastra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai|' samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti sAMsArika viSayoM ke prati mamatva kA bhAva nahIM rakhatA hai| vaha apane mAtA-pitA, putra-putrI, svajana-mitra Adi ke prati rAga kA bhAva nahIM rakhatA hai| vaha parijanoM tathA apane virodhiyoM ke prati kisI taraha kA rAga-dveSa nahIM rakhatA hai / vaha svajana, parijana sabhI se apane dvArA kiye gae aparAdhoM ke lie kSamA mAMgatA hai evaM unake dvArA use jo kaSTa huA hai usake lie unheM kSamA karatA hai| tAtparya hai ki samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti rAga-dveSa se mukta rahatA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki maraNa uttara paryAya kI prApti ke sAtha pUrva paryAya kA nAza hai| mRtyu ke samaya kaSAyoM evaM viSaya-vAsanAoM kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra Atma-pariNAmoM para acchA yA burA prabhAva par3atA hai| ata: maraNa ko sudhArane yA acchA banAne ke lie jIvana ke antima kSaNa meM samAdhimaraNa liyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA ananta saMsAra kI kAraNabhUta kaSAyoM kA Avega upazamita yA kSINa ho jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa janma-maraNa kA pravAha samApta ho jAtA hai| janma-maraNa ke pravAha ke samApta hone kA artha yahA~ nirvANa yA mukti se liyA gayA hai, kyoMki nirvANa yA mukti kA artha hI hotA hai bujha jAnA yA mukta ho jaanaa| bujhane kA artha janma-maraNa ke cakra se mukta honA hai| mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| isase bacA nahIM jA sakatA hai| ata: tapa, saMyama, samAdhi Adi se jIvana ko lAbhAnvita karanA caahie| tapa, saMyama, Adi vratoM kA pAlana karate hue zAntipUrvaka jo mRtyu prApta hotI hai, vaha samAdhimaraNa hI hai| maharSi mRgAputra ne jJAna, darzana, cAritra evaM tapa Adi zuddha bhAvanAoM ke dvArA zrAmaNya dharma kA pAlana karate hue isa anuttara siddhi ko prApta kiyA thaa| . jIvanabhara vyakti apane deha kI rakSA karatA rahatA hai| nAnA prakAra ke kaSToM se ise bacAtA hai| kitanoM kI pratAr3anA ko sahana karate hue bhI ise bharapUra sukha dene kA prayatna karatA hai| lekina yaha deha kRtaghna kI taraha eka dina sAtha chor3a detI hai| ajJAnI vyakti isa kRtaghna deha ke pIche pAgala rahatA hai| vaha hara samaya isI udher3a-buna meM rahatA hai ki kaise ise bacAyA jaae| lekina mRtyurUpI zikaMjA ise antata: kasa hI letA hai| ajJAnI
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________________ samAdhimagNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ apanI dehAsani ke kAraNa isa vicAra se atyanta duHkhita rahatA hai tathA ajJAna ke bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai| lekina jo vyakti jJAnasahita deha para se apane mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai nathA dharmadhyAnasahita vItarAgatApUrvaka apanA dehatyAga karatA hai usakA yaha dehatyAga hI mamAdhimagNa kahalAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti mRtyu se ghabarAtA nahIM hai| mRtyu kA samaya jaba nikaTa hotA hai to vaha prasannatA se vibhora hokara yaha kaha uThatA hai "ahiMsA, satya, kSamA, maMtoSa kI dharma-sAdhanA ke mArga para maiM eka sAdhaka ke rUpa meM calA hU~ aura mAnava jIvana ke isa svarNima avasara kA maiMne pUrA-pUrA lAbha uThAyA hai| Atma-sAdhanA ke nAma para bahuta kucha kara liyA hai, aba zaSa kArya Age kruuNgaa| jIvana kA to hamane pUrA-pUrA lAbha uThAyA hai, jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM bhI jhukeMge nhiiN| he mRtyu ! hama tumheM hI jhukaaegeN| vaha kaha uThatA hai- yaha deha to nAzavAna hai, ise naSTa honA hI hai| ata: ai mRtya! terA svAgata hai, tR mere nazvara zarIra ko apane sAtha le jA aura merI amara AtmA ko isase mukta kr|" 13 yahA~ vyakti kA yaha manobhAva usakI jJAna-bhAvanA tathA mRtyu aura jIvana ke prati taTasthatA ke bhAva kA pradarzana kara rahI hai| taTasthatA kI yaha bhAvanA hI samAdhimaraNa hai| ___ DA0 mohanalAla mehatA ke anusAra jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM AhArAdi kA tyAga karake samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa karanA samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| ve punaH kahate haiM ki jaba vyakti kA zarIra itanA nirbala ho jAe ki vaha saMyama kI sAdhanA arthAt AcAra niyamoM kA samyak rUpeNa paripAlana karane meM asamartha ho jAe to aisI sthiti meM zarIra kA tyAga hI karanA ucita hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti kA zarIra jaba kisI bhI kArya ko karane meM asamartha ho jAe to aisI avasthA meM binA kisI rAga-dveSa ke zAnta evaM prasannacitta bhAva se AhArAdi evaM deha ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko tyAga kara Atma-cintana karate hue AnevAlI mRtyu kA varaNa kara lenA caahie| mRtyu kA isa taraha varaNa karanA hI samAdhimaraNa hai| vRddhAvasthA yA rugNatA ke atirikta bhI jaba Akasmika rUpa meM mRtyu aparihArya bana gaI ho to nirvikAra cittavRtti se deha kA tyAga karanA bhI samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| __ DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM - sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kA artha hai samyak prakAra se kAya (zarIra) aura kaSAya ko kRza krnaa|15 kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karane kA tAtparya mRtyu ke samaya kI jAnevAlI usa kriyA vizeSa se hai, jisa kriyA vizeSa meM bAharI aura bhItarI arthAt zarIra tathA rAgAdi doSoM ke aneka kAraNoM ko kama karate hue prasannatApUrvaka binA kisI dabAva
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________________ samAdhimaraNa ke svecchA se jo dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, isa uttama kriyA vizeSa kA nAma samAdhimaraNa hai| zrI sureza muni ne bhI samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai- "maraNa ko nikaTa AyA dekhakara athavA kisI Akasmika jIvana ke saMkaTa ke kSaNoM meM anazanapUrvaka deha se mamatva kA tyAga karake jIvanarakSaNa kI samasta sahAyaka sAmagrI kA parityAga karanA hI samAdhimaraNa hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti dharma kI rakSA ke lie bhI samAdhimaraNa karatA hai| jaba vaha azakya tathA asahAya ho jAtA hai, indriyA~ apane kAryoM kA sampAdana samyaka rUpa se nahIM kara pAtI hai tathA vRddhAvasthA yA kisI anya kAraNa se zarIra bhArayukta lagane lagatA hai evaM kisI Akasmika kAraNa se prANa jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai, taba vyakti samabhAvapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga karatA hai| samatva kA bhAva isalie Avazyaka hai, kyoMki isake binA grahaNa kI gaI mRtyu samAdhimaraNa nahIM kahalA sktii| kAraNa ki samatva ke abhAva meM vyakti ke mana meM jIvana yA mRtyu ke prati rAga-dveSa kA bhAva honA svAbhAvika hai aura yaha bhAva use apane patha se bhraSTa kara detA hai| pathabhraSTa vyakti apane dharma kI rakSA nahIM kara sktaa| ata: usakA dehatyAga dharmarakSaNa ke lie na hokara mAtra dehatyAgavani kI rakSA kA paricAyaka hogA, jo vastuta: samAdhimaraNa nahIM khlaataa| samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa para kI gaI uparyukta carcAoM ke pazcAt hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki vyakti kA zarIra jaba apane Avazyaka kAryoM ke sampAdana meM azakya ho jAe, indriyA~ apane viSayoM ko grahaNa karane meM akSama ho jAe, atyadhika vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa zarIra kA~pane lage, asAdhyA roga ho jAe tathA kucha aisI viSama paristhitiyA~ utpanna ho jAe jisake kAraNa mRtyu jIvana kI dehalI para dastaka dene lage athavA jaba jIvana-rakSaNa ke lie patita honevAlI paristhatiyA~ paidA ho jAeM, to vyakti ko dharmarakSArtha apane zarIra kA tyAga kara denA caahie| aisI paristhiti meM unake dvArA kiyA gayA dehatyAga unake saMyama aura dharma donoM kI rakSA karatA hai aura yahI upAdeya bhI hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM mAnava zarIra kI apekSA dharma yA naitika mUlyoM kI rakSA kA jyAdA mahattva hai| unhoMne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai ki agara aisI paristhiti utpanna ho jAe jisameM dharma aura zarIra donoM hI ke naSTa hone kI sambhAvanA ho athavA dharma kI rakSA zarIra tyAga se sambhava ho to dharmarakSArtha zarIra kA tyAga karanA zreyaskara haiN| lekina isa zarIratyAga meM vyakti ko mana meM marane yA jIne kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhanI caahie| agara kisI cIja kI AkAMkSA rahe bhI to mAtra dharma yA naitika mUlyoM kI rakSA kii|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ jIvana aura mRtyu ko eka zrRMkhalA kI do kar3I samajhanI caahie| mRtyu kA samaya Ane para usase bhayabhIta nahIM honA cAhie aura usase Darakara bhAgane kA prayAsa bhI nahIM karanA cAhie, varan eka sammAnIya Agantuka kI taraha usakA svAgata karanA caahie| kyoMki agara hama mRtyu se Dara jAegeM to vaha hameM DarAyegI aura agara mRtyu se Darakara nahIM bhAgeMge to vaha hamase DaregI arthAt vyakti ko mRtyurUpI bhaya se mukta rahanA caahie| mRtyu se na bhAgane kA tAtparya yahA~ isa bhAva se haiM ki jisa taraha jIvana ko sukhapUrvaka jIyA jAtA hai, usI taraha mRtyu ko bhI eka Avazyaka kArya samajhakara apanAnA cAhie, arthAt jisa taraha hama jIvana jIte haiM usI taraha mRtyu ko bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se samajheM aura use svIkAra karane ko taiyAra rheN| ataH samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa meM hamAre samakSa dehatyAga kI avadhAraNA upasthita hai / isa dehatyAga kA samarthana naitika dRSTi se tathA dhArmika dRSTi se ucita mAnA gayA hai| ataH naitika dRSTi se samarthita isa dehatyAga ko nimna kisI bhI avasara athavA paristhiti meM svIkAra karanA ucita hogA? jaise 1 1. bAr3ha, durbhikSa, akAla, sUkhA Adi viSama paristhitiyoM meM jaba khAdya padArthoM kI ApUrti sugamatA se sambhava na ho aura usake abhAva meM jIvana jAne kA bhaya ho tathA apane dharma se patita ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA ho, jaise hatyA karake, kisI kA dhana - anna curAkara jIvana bacAnA par3e zarIra becakara, kisI kI Adi / 2. jarA arthAt atyadhika vRddhAvasthA tapAdi ke abhyAsa ke kAraNa sabhI indriyA~ bala-kSINa ho gayI hoM, Avazyaka kAryoM ke sampAdana ke lie dUsaroM para nirbhara rahanA par3atA ho, zarIra jaba bhArayukta ho gayA ho ityAdi / 3. asAdhya roga ho jAne para arthAt kisI prayatna se bhI jisakI ThIka hone kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, upacAra karanevAle tathA karAnevAle bhI thaka gae hoM, atyadhika pIr3A ke kAraNa saMjJAzUnya avasthA meM par3e hoM tathA jIvana rakSA kA koI bhI prayatna saMbhava nahIM raha gayA ho Adi / 4. anivArya prANaghAtaka paristhitiyoM meM pha~sa jAne para jahA~ se nikala pAnA saMbhava nahIM ho, jaise- duSTa, patita, bhraSTa, hiMsaka pazu, mAnava tathA ghanaghora jaMgala, registAna, samudra Adi sthAnoM meM bhaTaka jAne para / inake atirikta kucha aura bhI viSama paristhitiyA~ utpanna ho sakatI haiM, jinameM dharma
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________________ samAdhimaraNa se patita hone kI saMbhAvanA ho| ina sArI paristhitiyoM para svayaM vyakti ko jJAnapUrvaka soca vicAra karanA cAhie tathA upayukta aura anupayukta viveka kA anupAlana karate hue samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAga ko svIkAra karanA caahie| samAdhimaraNa ke paryAyavAcI zabda jaina vicArakoM ne samAdhimaraNa para vistAra se carcA kiyA hai| unhoMne samAdhimagaNa ko bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pukArA hai, udAharaNasvarUpa-saMlekhanA, saMthArA, paNDitamaraNa, sakAmamaraNa, anta:kriyA, uttamArtha, udyuktamaraNa aadi| uparyukta sabhI nAma samAdhimaraNa ke hI paryAyavAcI haiN| inakA artha nimnalikhita DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| * saMlekhanA saMlekhanA zabda sam + lekhanA se milakara banA hai| sama kA artha hotA hai- samyaka prakAra se yA ThIka se athavA ucita rIti se aura lekhanA se tAtparya hai- kRza yA kSINa krnaa| dUsare zabdoM meM samyaka prakAra se kAya (zarIra) aura kaSAya ko kSINa karanA yA kRza karanA saMlekhanA hai| mRtyu ke samaya vizeSa sAdhanA ke dvArA zarIra aura rAgAdi doSoM tathA unake kAraNoM ko kSINa karate hue prasatratApUrvaka binA kisI dabAva ke samabhAva se jo dahatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vaha saMlekhanA hai| saMthArA saMthArA yA saMstAraka kA artha hotA hai- zayyA yA bichaavn|18 saMllekhanA meM mRtyu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA ke lie vyakti jo saMstAraka grahaNa karatA hai, use hI saMthArA kahA jAtA hai| vastuta: yaha mRtyu zayyA para ArUr3ha honA hai| AhArAdi kA tyAga kara tathA samyak zayyA yA saMstAraka grahaNa kara zAnta citta se eka sthAna para rahakara AnevAlI mRtyu kI samatvabhAva se pratIkSA karanA hI saMthArA hai| bichAvana yA saMstAraka ke rUpa meM vyakti tRNazayyA, kASThaphalaka yA kabhI-kabhI mAtra bhUmi hI grahaNa karatA hai| zayyA kisa taraha kI grahaNa kI jAe yaha vyakti kI yogyatA tathA sahanazIlatA ke Upara nirbhara karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa samAdhimaraNa samAdhi +maraNa ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| samAdhi kA artha hai- citta yA mana kI zAnta avasthA aura maraNa kA artha hai- deha kA tyAga / mana meM utpanna
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________________ samAdhimagNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ honevAle gaga, dveSa, moha, bhaya, zoka Adi vikArI bhAvoM ko mana se dUra karake atyanta zAnta bhAva se aura sahajatA ke sAtha prANatyAga karanA hI samAdhimaraNa hai| mahApurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki uttama pariNAmoM meM citta ko sthira rakhanA hI samAdhi hai|) samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke anakrama meM jo dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai usa avasthA meM vyakti ko apane citta ko zubha pariNAmoM para sthira rakhanA hI par3atA hai, anyathA mana meM vikSepa A sakatA hai aura vaha rAga-dveSa se ghira sakatA hai| rAga-dveSa bhAva se yukta dehatyAga samAdhimaraNa nahIM ho sktaa| paNDitamaraNa samAdhimaraNa kA paryAyavAcI zabda paNDitamaraNa bhI hai| paNDita zabda kA artha yahA~ jJAnI, vidvAn Adi vyakti ke lie AyA hai| jJAnI vyakti se tAtparya aise vyakti se hai jo jIvana ke mUlyoM aura heya-jJeya-upAdeya ko jAnatA ho| vaha vyakti daihika mUlyoM kI apekSA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ko zreSTha samajhatA hai| ata: vaha deha kI balivedI para bhI uccaAdhyAtmika jIvana kI rakSA karatA hai| isa taraha vaha vivekapUrvaka ucca AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI prApti ke lie deha ke prati nirmamatva kA bhAva rakhatA hai| isI bhAva ke vazIbhUta hokara vaha jo dehatyAga karatA hai, paNDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai|20 sakAmamaraNa uddezyapUrvaka svecchA se mRtyu ko prApta karanA sakAmamaraNa hai| sakAma kA artha yahA~ kAmanA yA AkAMkSA se nahIM hai, varan kisI vizeSa uddezya se hai| tAtparya hai ki vyakti mRtyu kI belA meM anAsakta bhAva se use apanA mitra samajhakara gale lagAtA hai| isake pIche usake mana meM kisI taraha kA pramAda, rAga yA dveSa kA bhAva nahIM rahatA hai|21 vaha eka sArthaka lakSya kI prApti ko dhyAna meM rakhakara uddezyapUrNa mRtyu grahaNa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki arthapUrNa yA lakSyayukta mRtyu hI sakAmamaraNa hai| saMnyAsamaraNa saMnyAsa kA artha hai- mamatva kA tyAga krnaa| samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke krama meM vyakti sAMsArika padArthoM para se apane mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha apanI sabase priya vastu zarIra para se bhI apane mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai| isa taraha vaha pUrNarUpeNa nirmamatva bhAva se apane deha kA tyAga karatA hai| saMnyAsa kI avasthA meM bhI vyakti pUrNa nirmamatva ko apanAtA hai| isa prakAra donoM hI avasthAoM meM vyakti ke manobhAva samAna
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________________ 12 samAdhimaraNa rahate haiN| isI kAraNa saMnyAsamaraNa ko samAdhimaraNa kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai|22 antaHkriyA ___anta:kriyA ko bhI samAdhimaraNa kA paryAyavAcI mAnA gayA hai| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa kI kriyA jIvana ke antima bhAga meM pUrNa kI jAtI hai- isI kAraNa yaha anta:kriyA ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| puna: samyak-cAritra ke anta meM isakA nirdeza hone se bhI ise antaHkriyA kahate haiN| yaha samyak-cAritra kI sAdhanA kA antima dhArmika anuSThAna hai tathA jIvana ke antima bhAga meM kI jAnevAlI samIcIna kriyA hai|23 uttamArtha uttamArtha samAdhimaraNa kA paryAyavAcI nAma hai| saMthArapainnA meM uttamArtha nAma kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| uttamArtha kA artha hai- uttama artha / 24 yahA~ artha kA tAtparya uddezya yA lakSya hai| sAdhanA kA antima evaM sarvazreSTha lakSya mokSa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mokSa ko uttamArtha kahA jAtA hai aura mokSa kA sAdhana hone se samAdhimaraNa ko bhI uttamArtha kahA gayA hai| udyuktamaraNa ___ samAdhimaraNa ke vibhinna nAmoM meM se eka nAma udyuktamaraNa bhI hai25, jisakA artha hotA hai- udyogapUrvaka, prayatnapUrvaka, samyagvidhipUrvaka, parAkramapUrvaka, AlocanApUrvaka, kSamApanApUrvaka mRtyu ko prApta krnaa| samAdhimaraNa ke ye vividha paryAyavAcI nAma vastuta: usake vividha pakSoM ke sUcaka kahe jA sakate haiN| kAraNa ki samAdhimaraNa eka prakriyA hai jisameM zAstrasammata vidhiyoM kA pAlana karate hue vyakti rAga-dveSa, mamatva Adi sabhI prakAra ke kaSAyoM ko alpa karatA hai| kaSAyoM ko alpa kie binA samAdhimaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai, alpa kaSAyavAlA vyakti apane zarIra para kama mamatva rakhatA hai| isI kAraNa jaba usake samakSa zarIratyAga kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai taba bhI vaha samatvabhAva se yukta rahatA hai aura samabhAvapUrvaka zarIratyAga karatA hai| jaina paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa kA sthAna jainadharma meM varNita yoga-sAdhanA meM samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA sabase kaThina hai, kintu
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ jIvana kI antima belA meM sAdhanAzIla AtmA ko cira zAnti pradAna karane kA yaha eka uttama sAdhana hai| jaina saMskRti meM ise vratarAja ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| maraNasamAhi prakIrNaka'6 meM spaSTarUpa se likhA gayA hai ki sAmAnya paristhiti meM vyakti apane zarIra kI rakSA AhArAdi kI sahAyatA se karatA hai| lekina jaba use yaha vidita ho jAtA hai ki aba yaha zarIra AhAra Adi lene se bhI ThaharanevAlA nahIM hai arthAt vinaSTa ho jAnevAlA hai, taba vaha tapAdi kI sahAyatA se apane kaSAyoM ko kSINa karate hue zarIratyAga kI dizA meM udyata hotA hai| vastuta: usake zarIratyAga kA yaha pratyana hI samAdhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| paNDita AzAdharajI ke anusAra svastha zarIra bhojana Adi dvArA poSaNa karane yogya hai| nirbala tathA rogagrasta zarIra auSadhiyA~ tathA anya vidhiyoM dvArA sevA karane yogya hai| lekina jaba zarIra kA roga nirantara bar3hatA hI jAe aura usakA ThIka honA sambhava nahIM ho to vyakti ko samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karake zarIra kA tyAga karanA caahie|27 samAdhimaraNa kA yaha vrata vyakti apane Atmadharma kI rakSA ke lie hI karatA hai, kyoMki yaha kahA gayA hai ki zarIra naSTa hone para vaha punaH sahajatA se prApta ho sakatA hai, lekina dharma naSTa hone para puna: sahajatA se prApta nahIM ho sakatA / 28 tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti kA zarIra jaba kisI roga ke kAraNa asakta hone lage tathA vaha apane kAryoM kA sampAdana svayaM ThIka se nahIM kara sake kisI bhI kArya ke lie use dUsare kI sahAyatA lenI par3e, zarIra bhArayukta lagane lage taba vaha samAdhimaraNa kara sakatA hai| sAmAjika hone ke kAraNa manuSya svAvalaMbI nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki apanI vibhinna AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie use samAja ke vibhinna vargoM kA sahAyoga lenA hI pdd'egaa| lekina kucha Avazyaka kArya jaise dainika kAryoM kA sampAdana, dharmArAdhanA tathA tapAbhyAsa Adi ke lie use svAvalaMbI honA par3atA hai| yaha usakA dharma bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai| ata: jahA~ dharma se patita hone kI bAta hai to isake lie vyakti svayaM uttaradAyI hai| ata: vyakti ko apanA kAma svayaM karanA cAhie, agara kisI kAraNavaza vaha aisA nahIM kara pA rahA hai tathA dUsaroM para Azrita hai, choTe se kArya ke lie bhI use kisI ke sahAre kI AvazyakatA hai aura usa hetu use apamAnita honA par3atA hai, jisase usake mana meM glAnibhAva tathA sevA karanevAloM ke bhI mana meM kSobha utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra do prANiyoM ko kaSTa hotA hai| ata: isa paristhiti meM ucita yahI hogA ki vyakti ko samabhAvapUrvaka AhAratyAga karake samAdhipUrvaka dehatyAga kA nirNaya kara lenA caahie| isase use svayaM Atma-santuSTi hogI tathA dUsaroM ko bhI kisI taraha kA kaSTa nahIM hogaa|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa samAdhimaraNa karane se vyakti ko ve sabhI phala prApta ho jAte haiM, jisakI prApti ke lie vaha jIvana bhara tapa, ahiMsAdi vratoM ko dhAraNa kie rahatA hai| vyakti apanI Atmazuddhi ke lie hI jIvana bhara kaThina tapa evaM dhyAna-sAdhanA meM rata rahatA hai| yahI Atmazuddhi vyakti ko jIvana ke antima kSaNa meM samAdhimaraNapUrvaka zarIratyAga karane meM prApta ho jAtI hai| vibhinna zAstroM kI paricaryA tathA vidvAnoM kI saMgati aura isI taraha ke anyAnya kArya vyakti acche jIvana pAne ke lie karatA hai, ina sabhI kI prApti samAdhipUrvaka zarIratyAga karane se bhI sambhava ho sakatI hai| " 29 14 kaThina tapa tathA ahiMsAdi vrata ke pAlana karane se vyakti sadAcArI hotA hai| sadAcArI hone ke kAraNa vaha karmoM kA saMcaya alpa mAtrA meM karatA hai| karma kRza ho jAne haiM aura samasta karmoM ke kSaya ho jAne para yadi vaha dehatyAga karatA hai to sIdhe use mukti . kI prApti hotI / punarjanma kA hetu karma ko mAnA gayA hai aura samAdhimaraNa lene vAlA ina karmoM ko kRza karake hI dehatyAga karatA hai| sAmAnyataH vyakti dharma evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI rakSA ke lie apane zarIra kA poSaNa evaM rakSaNa karatA hai, lekina jaba usakA zarIra dharma aura AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI rakSA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai aura vaha bojha banane lagatA hai, taba aisI paristhiti meM vyakti dharma evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI rakSA ke nimitta dehatyAga karatA hai| usakA yaha dehatyAga AdhyAtmika dRSTi se ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai| devanandI ne ise bar3e hI acche DhaMga se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unake anusAra sonA-cA~dI, khAdya padArtha tathA anya isI taraha kI mUlyavAna aura upayogI vastuoM kA vyApAra karanevAle vyavasAyI ko usa ghara kA vinAza kabhI bhI iSTa nahIM hotA jisameM ukta vastue~ rakhI ho| yadi kadAcin kisI kAraNavaza usake vinAza kA prasaMga ( Aga, bAr3ha) Adi upasthita ho jAe to vaha usa ghara kI rakSA kA pUrA upAya karatA hai, lekina jaba ghara-rakSA kA upAya saphala hotA nahIM dIkhatA hai to ghara meM rakhe hue bahumUlya vastuoM ko hI bacAne kA prayAsa karatA hai aura ghara ko naSTa hone detA hai / isI prakAra vrata, zIlAdi guNoM kA arjana karanevAlA vyakti ina vratAdi guNoM ke AdhArabhUta zarIra kA poSaNa evaM rakSaNa AhAra dvArA karatA hai| durbhAgyavaza yadi zarIra ke vinAza kA kAraNa (asAdhya roga tathA anya kAraNa) upasthita ho jAtA hai to vaha use dUra karane kA yathAsambhava prayatna karatA hai| lekina jaba usako dUra karane meM saphala nahIM hotA hai to vaha bahumUlya zIlAdi vrata guNoM kI rakSA karate hue samAdhipUrvaka zarIratyAga karatA hai| " tAtparya yaha hai ki dharma evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI rakSA ke lie hI samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kA uddezya deha kA vinAza karanA nahIM hai, apitu usa sthiti meM jaba zarIra kA tyAga aparihArya ho gayA ho taba usake poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko tyAga karake usake prati mamatva ko dUra kara lenA hai, tAki dehatyAga kI velA meM citta kI samAdhi banI rhe| samAdhimaraNa kA nizcaya citta kI vikalatA ko dUra karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| ataH jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa ko sAdhanA kA eka aMga mAnA gayA hai, jisakI sahAyatA se mana meM Ae vikalatA ke bhAva ko dUra kiyA jA ske| vyakti meM sabase adhika rAgAtmakatA apane zarIra ke prati hI hotI hai aura zarIra ke prati yaha rAgAtmakatA samAdhimaraNa ke nizcaya dvArA hI chor3I jA sakatI hai| isIlie samAdhimaraNa sAdhanA kA sarvazreSTha rUpa mAnA gayA hai| sAmAnyata: yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki mRtyu kI velA meM vyakti meM jisa prakAra kI manodazA hotI hai bhAvI jIvana kI gati bhI usI taraha kI hI hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne samAdhimaraNa ke nizcaya ko Avazyaka mAnA hai aura samAdhimaraNa ko makti kA dvAra kahA hai| ... rAga-dveSa bandhana ke mUla kAraNa haiN| inhIM ke kAraNa vyakti apane-parAye ke bodha se grasita rahatA hai tathA saMsAra ke isa bhavacakra meM ulajhatA rahatA hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa karanevAloM ko apane-parAye tathA sAMsArika vastuoM se kisI taraha kA lagAva nahIM rahatA hai| vaha nirlipta ho jAtA hai aura nirliptatA kI isa sthiti meM janma-mRtyu ke bhaya se Upara uTha jAtA hai tathA jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva banAe rakhatA hai| usake mana meM bahata hI uccakoTi ke vicAra uThate haiM tathA vaha socatA hai ki yaha zarIra merA nahIM hai| maiM kisI kAla meM isa zarIra kA nahIM huuN| yaha deha sthUla tathA kSaNabhaMgura hai aura maiM sthira tathA caitanyasvarUpa huuN| yaha zarIra janma, jarA, maraNa se yukta hai, roga, AdhivyAdhi se ghirA huA hai| du:kha yA kaSTa isa deha ko hotA hai, mujhe nhiiN| saMsAra meM sampatti yA vipatti, saMyoga yA viyoga, janma yA maraNa, sukha yA duHkha, mitra yA zatru jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha sabhI pUrva meM kie gae pApa-puNya kA phala hai| maiM eka jJAyaka svabhAvavAlA huuN| usI kA kartA, bhoktA aura anubhavakartA huuN| jJAyaka kA svabhAva to avinAzI hai, usakA kisI bhI taraha vinAza nahIM hotA hai| vaha tInoM kAloM meM abAdhita aura acala hai| ata: yaha zarIra rahA to kyA? gayA to kyA? isalie zarIra para se pUrNata: apane mamatva kA tyAga karatA huuN| maiM samAdhimaraNa vrata karake mokSa ko prApta karanA cAhatA huuN| dharmAmRta (sAgAra) ke anusAra- isa saMsAra meM jIva ne ananta bAra janma liyA aura - ananta bAra maraNa ko bhI bhogA hai, lekina jIva ne kabhI bhI samAdhi sahita puNyamaraNa nahIM
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________________ 16 samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| jo jIva samAdhi sahita puNyamaraNa prApta karatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI isa mAyA rUpI saMsAra ke bandhana ko sarvadA ke lie tor3a detA hai| mohagrasta vyakti bAra-bAra janma letA hai aura bAra-bAra maratA hai| isa taraha vaha janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM pha~sA rahatA hai| use isase taba taka mukti nahIM milatI hai jaba taka ki vaha mokSa nahIM prApta kara letA hai, kyoMki aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki mokSa prApta karane ke bAda jIva ko mukti mila jAtI hai| aura vaha janma-maraNa ke cakra - pravAha se mukta ho jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA vyakti ko mokSa kI prApti sambhava hai| ataH isI kAraNa samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti saMsAra ke bandhana ko sarvadA ke lie tor3a detA hai| * bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa kA vrata lenevAlA vyakti apanA jIvana saphala karane ke sAtha-sAtha anya jIvoM kA bhI jIvana saphala karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai, kyoMki kSapaka (samAdhimaraNa karane vAlA vyakti) kI sevA suzruSA karanevAle vyakti ko bhI samAdhimaraNa kA phala kucha aMzoM meM prApta ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha bhI apanA jIvana saphala kara sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo vyakti samAdhimaraNa karanevAle kA darzana, vandanA, pUjA Adi karate haiM ve apane sabhI pApoM ko kama kara lete haiN| sampUrNa tIrthoM ke tIrthATana se jo lAbha unako milAtA hai vahI lAbha kSapaka ke darzana mAtra se prApta kara lete haiN| RSi, muni tathA anya siddha puruSoM kI vandanA karane se jo pApa ghaTatA hai, vahI kSapaka kI vandanA se bhI prApta ho jAtA hai / anta meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo vyakti kSapaka kI sadA sevA karatA hai usa vyakti kI sAdhanA, ArAdhanA, pUjA Adi nirvidhna samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha mukti ko prApta karatA hai / 35 samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karanevAlA vyakti kaThina tapa kara apanI kSudra pipAsA ko zAnta kara letA hai, ata: usameM bhI devatva kA bhAva A jAtA hai| usakI pUjA - vaMdanA karane kA artha hai devI-devatAoM kI pUjA - vaMdanA krnaa| RSi, muni tathA anya siddha puruSa mokSa prApti ke lie kaThina sAdhanA karate haiN| ve sAMsArika vastuoM kA tyAga kara dete haiN| isI kAraNa ve Ama AdamiyoM se alaga pratIta hote haiM tathA samAja meM unakA AdaraNIya sthAna hotA hai aura loga unheM zraddhA kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA sAMsArika bhoga-vilAsoM ko tyAga detA hai tathA RSi, muni kI taraha jIvana yApana karatA hai, balki vaha unakI apekSA eka kadama Age bar3ha jAtA hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA sampUrNa AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai, jabaki RSi, muni to alpa AhAra lete haiN| ata: usakI vandanA karane se RSi, muniyoM kI vandanA karane jaisA hI lAbha prApta hotA hai| sAmAnya vyakti kisI kI bhI pUjA, arcanA isalie karatA hai ki pUjita AtmA use mukti pradAna
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 17 karegI tathA saMkaToM se bacAyegI / mAnava ke lie sabase bar3A saMkaTa bure karmoM se bacanA tathA mukti ko prApta karanA hai| kSapaka kI vandanA karane se ina donoM kI prApti hotI hai| kSapaka kI ugra sAdhanA ko dekhakara sAmAnya vyakti ke mana meM bhI sAdhanAbhyAsa kA bhAva uThatA hai, sambhava hai ki vaha isa dizA meM prayAsa bhI karane lge| agara aisA hotA hai to usake karmoM kA kSaya bhI hotA hai aura use mukti kI bhI prApti hotI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa rUpa meM likhA huA hai ki paMDitamaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) karanevAlA vyakti saMsAra ke AvAgamana se mukta ho jAtA hai aura mRtyu para zAsana karatA hai| saMsAra ke AvAgamana se mukta hone kA artha haiM- janma - mRtyu ke pravAha se mukta honA tathA mRtyu para zAsana karane kA artha hai- mRtyu se DaranA nahIM, balki use apane Age jhukAnA / puna: isI grantha meM likhA hai ki samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA jIva (vyakti) sAMsArika rAga-dveSa se dUra rahatA hai, huA use isa loka aura paraloka kI cintA nahIM rahatI hai| vaha bhagavad ArAdhanA karate hue apanA sampUrNa jIvana bitA detA hai tathA jIvana ke antima kSaNa meM AnevAlI mRtyu kI pratIkSA kisI priya mitra kI taraha karatA hai| jaba mRtyu AtI hai to khuzIpUrvaka use gale lagAtA hai| wa samAdhimaraNa kA jainadharma meM kitanA adhika sammAna evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai isakA patA to isI se calatA hai ki pratyeka jaina muni evaM zrAvaka apanI upAsanA ke anta meM yahI kAmanA karatA hai- maiM samAdhimaraNa meM pravRtta hokara isa mArga ko sukhapUrvaka pAra kara skuuN| isake lie bhagavAn hI ( vItarAgadeva) samAdhi tathA bodhi (jJAna) evaM kalyANakArI patha pradAna kareM, jisase maiM mukti ke patha para cala sakU~ aura mukti prApta kara skuuN| - arthAt samAdhimaraga rUpI patha para calakara mukti prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ataH mukti prApti ke lie samAdhimaraNa kI saphalatA Avaka hai| 38 aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki jAvana bhara jitane bhI vrata evaM tapa kie jAte haiM, unakA jitanA phala vyakti ko prApta hotA hai unase kahIM adhika phala jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM meM samAdhimaraNa karane se prApta ho jAtA hai| isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM lagAnA cAhie ki jIvana bhara bure karmoM meM lipta rahA jAe evaM jIvana ke aMtima kSaNa meM samAdhimaraNa apanA liyA jaae| isa taraha se samAdhimaraNa kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| jahA~ taka samAdhimaraNa ke mahattva kI bAta hai to kSapaka kI sevA karanevAloM ko bhI usI phala kA kucha aMza prApta ho jAtA hai, jo phala vastutaH kSapaka ko prApta honevAlA hai arthAt sevA karanevAlA bhI mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / kintu sevA karanevAlA svArthavaza kSapaka kI sevA karatA hai, to usakI sevA - bhAvanA phaladAyI nahIM hotii| lekina vaha sevA karane
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________________ samAdhimaraNa mAtra kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara kSapaka kI sevA karatA hai to usakI yaha bhAvanA avazya phaladAyI mAnI jA sakatI hai| isake atirikta kSapaka kI pavitra manodazA aura bhAvanA bhI sevA karanevAloM para apanA prabhAva DAlatI hai| kSapaka ke AbhAmaNDala se ni:sarita hone vAlI taraMgoM ko hI isake lie uttaradAyI mAnA jA sakatA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA aura samAdhimaraNa sAmAnyatayA AtmahatyA aura AtmabalidAna kI sahamati brAhmaNa parampaga meM bhI dekhane ko nahIM milatI hai| isameM AtmahatyA yA AtmabalidAna ko heya dRSTi se dekhA gayA hai| lekina kacha viziSTa dhArmika anuSThAnoM aura kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM AtmabalidAna kI sahamati pradAna kI gayI hai aura ise heya dRSTi se nahIM dekhA gayA hai| brAhmaNa paramparA ke dharma-graMthoM meM AtmahatyA evaM AtmabalidAna ko pApa mAnA gayA hai aura isakA niSadha kiyA gayA hai| manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti kA zrAddha nahIM karanA cAhie, sAtha hI usakI AtmA kI tRpti ke lie jala nahIM denA caahie|" yamapurANa meM AtmahatyA kI nindA kI gayI hai tathA yaha nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki 'AtmahatyA' karanevAlA vyakti yadi mara jAtA hai to usake parivAravAloM para eka-eka paNa kA daNDa lagAnA caahie| yadi vaha marane se baca jAtA hai to zAstroM ke anusAra usa para 200 paNa kA daNDa lagAnA caahie|" prasiddha mahAkAvya mahAbhArata meM bhI AtmahatyA kI nindA karate hue ise pApa mAnA gayA hai| Adiparva ke anusAra- AtmahatyA pApa hai| AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti kabhI bhI svarga ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| dharmazAstra kA itihAsa ke racayitA DA0kANe ne samvartasmRti ke AdhAra para AtmahatyA ko pApa kahA hai aura likhA hai ki AtmahatyA karanevAlA ka lie duHkha nahIM karanA caahie| vaha rAkSasoM ke dvArA Azrita hotA hai aura usI ke kula meM paidA hotA hai|" isa prakAra sAmAnyatayA brAhmaNa paramparA meM AtmahatyA kI bhartsanA hI kI gayI hai, lekina kucha ullekha aise bhI upalabdha hue haiM jisameM AtmabalidAna kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai tathA usake prati sahamati bhI vyakta kI gayI hai| rAmAyaNa meM zarabhaMga muni ke icchitamaraNa kA prasaMga AyA hai| zarabhaMga muni ne
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________________ 0 . samAdhimagNa aura anya dhArmika parampagae~ svacchAparvaka agni meM praveza karake dehatyAga kiyA aura divya loka ko prApta kiyA thaa| lakSmaNa ne bhI svecchApUrvaka maraNa kiyA thaa| rAjA rAma ke AdezAnusAra lakSmaNa ko deza nikAle kA daNDa milaa| lakSmaNa rAma ke AdezAnusAra deza se bAhara jAne ko udyata hue, lekina rAma se alaga rahanA lakSmaNa ke lie asahya thaa| isI kAraNa lakSmaNa ne sarayU nadI meM jalasamAdhi lekara icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA thaa|" sItA ne bhI icchitamaraNa prApta kiyA thaa| sItA evaM lakSmaNa ke icchitamaraNa prApta karane para rAma ko bhI apane jIvana se virakti ho gyii| unhoneM apane bhAI bharata aura zatrudhna ke sAtha sagya nadI meM jalasamAdhi lekara icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyaa| isa ghaTanA kA sunakara rAmarAjya ke samasta nAgarikoM ne bhI sAmUhika rUpa se sarayU nadI ke jala meM praveza karake icchitamaraNa kiyA thaa| brAhmaNa paramparA meM mahAprasthAna ke rUpa meM icchitamaraNa kA prasaMga vivecita hai| mahAprasthAna kA artha hotA hai- dubArA lauTakara ghara yA saMsAra meM nahIM aanaa| mahAprasthAna lene se pahale vyakti ko tapa, yajJa tathA isI taraha ke anya dhArmika anuSThAna karane par3ane haiN| mahAprasthAna ko lekara zrInArAyaNa bhaTTa, mitra mizra aura zrI lakSmIdhara Adi ke vicAroM meM mataikya hai| inake anusAra mahAprasthAna kI mahApatha-yAtrA meM vyakti ko Aga meM jalakara, jala meM DUbakara, pahAr3a yA U~cAI se kUdakara prANatyAga karanA caahie| vanaparva meM mahAprasthAna kI carcA kI gayI hai aura yaha likhA gayA hai ki vyani ko mahAprasthAna vrata lenA cAhie tathA use gaMgA, yamanA ke saMgama sthala para jala meM DUbakara, Aga meM jalakara, U~cAI se kUdakara dehatyAga karanA caahie| brahmapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko himAlaya kI kandarAoM, pahAr3oM tathA aneka anya tIrtha sthaloM meM prANAnta taka bhaTakate rahanA cAhie, kyoMki mahAprasthAna ke dvArA mRtya prApta karanevAlA vyakti svargaloka kA nivAsI hotA hai| svargArohaNa parva meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti satya, niSThA aura sAhasa ke sAtha apane mahApatha (patha) para calatA jAtA hai, vaha svargaloka ko prApta karatA hai aura jo vyakti aisA nahIM karatA hai vaha himAlaya kI gahana pahAr3iyoM meM kho jAtA hai| jaina grantha RSibhAsita ke yAjJavalkya nAmaka bArahaveM adhyAya meM isake viparIta kahA gayA hai- gopatha se jAnA cAhie mahApatha se nhiiN|49 yahA~ gopatha kA artha vaha mArga hai jisa para bahuta kama loga jAte haiM, jabaki mahApatha vaha mArga hai jisapara janasAdhAraNa calate haiN| mahAbhArata meM mahApatha kA tAtparya usa mArga se hai jisa para zreSTha puruSa calate
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________________ 20 samAdhimaraNa haiN| ata: donoM meM mahApatha zabda kA prayoga hote hue bhI antara hai| jahA~ taka Adhunika cintana kI bAta hai to mahApatha kA artha rAjamArga bhI ho sakatA hai jisapara sabhI loga calate haiN| zalyaparva meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para mantroccAra ke sAtha dehatyAga karatA hai vaha marane ke bAda honevAlI pIr3A ko nahIM bhogatA hai|50 anuzAsana parva meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti vedoM ko jAnatA hai tathA jIvana kI nazvaratA aura kSaNabhaMguratA ko jAnatA hai himAlaya kI coTI para bhUkhe rahakara apane prANa kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha brahmaloka meM nivAsa karatA hai aura sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|55 manusmRti meM mahAprasthAna ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko dakSiNa dizA meM sirpha vAyu aura jala ke sAtha taba taka calanA cAhie jaba taka ki usakA prANAnta nahIM ho jaae| pavitra tIrthasthaloM para AtmabalidAna karane ke vidhAnoM kA varNana bahuta se granthoM meM milatA hai| tIrthavivecana kAMDam nAmaka grantha meM AtmabalidAna para vyApaka rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai / grantha ke racayitA lakSmIdhara bhaTTa ko mAnA jAtA hai, jo kannauja ke rAjA govindacandra ke maMtrI the| unhoMne apane isa grantha meM bhArata ke prAcInatama granthoM ko uddhRta karate hue rAjasika, AcAra, vyavahAra, karmakAMDa tathA anyAnya viSayoM kA prAmANika sandarbha prastuta kiyA hai| isa grantha ke anusAra- prayAga meM gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama sthala para yA kAzI meM sira ke bala jalatI huI agni ke Upara ulTA laTakakara, apane zarIra ke mAMsa, Adi ko kATa-kATakara pazu-pakSiyoM ko khilAkara, jala meM praveza karake Adi vidhiyoM se prANa tyAgane para vyakti punarjanma se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai aura use sAMsArika bandhanoM se mukti mila jAtI hai|54 prayAga meM saMgama para icchitamaraNa karanevAlA vyakti svarga ko jAtA hai aura svarga meM lambe samaya taka vahA~ ke sukhoM kA upabhoga karatA hai| puna: usake janma lene kA samaya AtA hai to vaha acche vaMza yA kula meM janma letA hai tathA jambUdvIpa kA svAmI banatA hai|55 tIrthavivecana kAMDama ke anusAra jo vyakti vaTavRkSa se saMgama kI dhArA meM kUdakara prANAnta karatA hai, vaha rudraloka kA nivAsI bana jAtA hai|56 agnipurANa meM icchita mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate hue likhA gayA hai- jo vyakti
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 21 prayAga ke saMgama ke pAsa vaTavRkSa yA jar3a ke pAsa athavA saMgama kI dhArA meM DUbakara apane prANatyAga karatA hai vaha viSNuloka jAtA hai|57 matsyapurANa meM AtmamaraNa yA icchita mRtyuvaraNa para vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa purANa ke anusAra kAzI (vartamAna vArANasI) meM jo icchitamaraNa yA AtmabalidAna kiyA jAtA hai, vaha avimukta ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| " kAzI bhagavAn zaMkara kA priya kSetra hai| yahA~ para icchita mRtyuvaraNa karanevAloM ko svayaM bhagavAn zaMkara mukti dilAte haiN| isa purANa ke anusAra kAzI meM vyakti ko Aga meM jalakara, kAzI karavaTa lekara, pAnI meM DUbakara, anazana karake apane prANa kA tyAga karanA caahie| aisA karane se vyakti mukti ko prApta karatA hai|59 zivapurANa ke anusAra jo vyakti ziva kI bhakti karate hue Aga meM jalakara, pahAr3a kI coTau se girakara maratA hai vaha mukti pA letA hai| vyakti apane Apa se mukti pAne ke lie havanakuNDa banAtA hai| usameM agni prajvalita karatA hai tathA bhairava kI pratimA kI pUjA karatA hai| aba vyakti yajJa kI usa agni meM havana ke rUpa meM svayaM ko samarpita kara detA hai|60 AtrismRti meM bhI icchitamaraNa kI svIkRti pradAna kI gaI hai| isa smRti ke anusAra asAdhya bImAriyoM se grasita hone para, vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa atyadhika jarjara hone para yA dharma kA sampAdana karane meM asamartha hone para vyakti pahAr3a kI U~cI coTI se kadakara, Aga meM jalakara yA agAdha jala meM samAdhi lekara icchita mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai|61 aparArka ne brahmagarbha, vivazvata, gArgeya Adi ke vicAroM ko uddhRta karate hue aicchika dehatyAga kA samarthana kiyA hai| inakA mAnanA hai ki asAdhya vyAdhi se pIr3ita zarIra ke dvArA tapa karane kI apekSA isakA tyAga karAnA adhika zreyaskara hai| isa avasthA meM vyakti ko kisI taraha kA pramAda nahIM karanA caahie| use yaha bhI vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie ki usakA dehatyAga zAstra sammata hai athavA nhiiN| aparArka ne AdipurANa se bhI sandarbha lekara yaha dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki aicchika dehatyAga pApa nahIM hai| AdipurANa meM anazana, amarakaMTaka kI coTI se girakara, agnipraveza karake, vaTavRkSa se kUdakara Adi vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se icchitamaraNa karane kA nirdeza hai| uparyukta samasta vidhiyoM kI prazaMsA karate hue aparArka saMhitA meM kahA gayA hai ki ukta vidhi se maraNa karane se pApa nahIM hotA hai, balki vyakti usakI sahAyatA se janma-maraNa ke bandhana se chUTa jAtA hai|62 manusmRti meM icchita mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate hue likhA gayA hai ki eka brAhmaNa punaH brAhmaNa kula meM tabhI janma letA hai jaba vaha icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa karatA hai| mRtyuvaraNa ke lie vaha nimnalikhita sAdhanoM kA upayoga karatA hai, yathA-nadI kI dhArA
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________________ 22 samAdhimaraNa meM DUbakara U~cAI se kUdakara, Aga meM jalakara, anna-jala kA tyAga karake / dharmazAstra ke itihAsa meM pro0 kANe ne alabarUnI ke grantha jisakI racanA 1030 I0 meM huI thI, se bhI AtmabalidAna ke dhArmika udAharaNoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| unake anusAra dhArmika AtmahatyA tabhI kI jAtI thI jabaki vyakti apane jIvana se thaka jAtA thA, jIvana bhArasvarUpa lagane lagatA thA / aparihArya zArIrika doSa, asAdhya roga, vRddhAvasthA, atyadhika durbalatA Adi kI sthiti meM hI AtmamaraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| jAti prathA inhoMne kahA hai ki uparyukta vidhi se AtmamaraNa vaizya yA zUdra jAti ke loga kiyA karate the| brAhmaNa aura kSatriya bhI ina avasthAoM meM AtmamaraNa karate the, lekina unake lie alaga vyavasthA thii| unake AtmamaraNa karane kA samaya niyata rahatA thaa| usa niyata samaya para ve kucha logoM ko dhana dete the aura yahI dhana lenevAle loga AtmamaraNa karanevAle vyakti ko gaMgA kI dhArA meM pheMka dete the| isa prakAra brAhmaNa aura kSatriya jAti ke loga gaMgA-jala meM samAdhi lekara prANoM kA tyAga karate the| * 67 prasiddha guptakAlIna grantha mRcchakaTika evaM raghuvaMza ne bhI AtmamaraNa kA samarthana kiyA hai| mRcchakaTika ke anusAra rAjA zudraka ne agni praveza karake icchApUrvaka AtmamaraNa kiyA thaa|65 raghuvaMza meM aja ke AtmamaraNa kA vivaraNa kAvya rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke anusAra aja jaba vRddha ho gae aura asAdhya bImArI se grasita ho gae taba unhoMne gaMgA aura sarayU kI pavitra jaladhArA meM jalasamAdhi lekara AtmamaraNa grahaNa kiyaa| 66 kumAragupta 414 I. meM gupta sAmrAjya ke rAjA bne| inhoMne bhI agnipraveza karake icchApUrvaka mRtyu grahaNa kiyA thaa| 6 AThavIM sadI ke mahAna dArzanika kumArila ne bhI agni praveza karake icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kiyA thA / 68 dasavIM yA gyArahavIM sadI meM kAbula aura lAhaura ke rAjA jayapAla the| unhoMne bhI agni praveza karake icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA thaa| dasavIM sadI meM rAjA gAMgeya ne apanI 100 patniyoM ke sAtha prayAga meM jalasamAdhi lekara icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM candela rAjA dhaMgadeva ne bhI icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA thaa| jaba dhaMgadeva kI umra 100 sAla se adhika ho gayI taba ve prayAga cale Ae the aura yahA~ saMgama kI jaladhArA meM rudra kA dhyAna karate hue jalasamAdhi le liyA thaa| 1 candela rAjA dhaMgadeva ke mantrI ananta ne bhI prayAga meM icchitamaraNa kiyA thA / isI prakAra rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruva ne prayAga meM gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama sthala para icchitamaraNa kiyA thaa| 3 cAlukya nareza amAbhalla somezvara ne bhI asAdhya roga se pIr3ita hone para tugabhadrA nadI kI jaladhArA meM DUbakara icchitamaraNa kiyA thaa| 70
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________________ samAdhimagaNa aura anya dhArmika parampagAe~ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki brAhmaNa granthoM meM icchApUrvaka dehatyAga karane ke kaI udAharaNa milate haiN| kintu yahA~ icchita dehatyAga karane ke lie vyakti mukhya rUpa se bAhya mAdhanoM kA upayoga karatA hai, jo nimmalikhita haiM - jalasamAdhi, agnipraveza, viSabhakSaNa, astra-zastra kA upayoga tathA UMcAI se nadI kI dhArA meM kRdanA yA samatala jamIna para kRdanA Adi / isake atirikta vaha AhAra-tyAga ko bhI apanAtA hai| mahAprasthAna ke prasaMga ma isa tathya para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| jaina paramparA (samAdhimaraNa) se tulanA - DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ne jainadharma meM varNita samAdhimaraNa (icchinamaraNa) evaM hindU dharma (brAhmaNa paramparA) meM varNita AtmamagNa ke antara ko bar3e hI spaSTa DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra "jahA~ hindu paramparA ma jala evaM agni meM praveza, girizikhara se giranA, viSa yA zastra prayoga Adi vividha sAdhanoM meM mRtyavagaNa kA vidhAna hai, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA kevala upavAsa dvAga hI dehatyAga kA vidhAna hai| jaina-paramparA zastra Adi se honevAlI tAtkAlika dehatyAga kI apekSA upavAsa dvArA kI jAnevAlI kramika dehatyAga ko hI adhika prazasta mAnatI hai| yadyapi brahmacarya kI rakSA Adi kucha prasaMgoM meM tAtkAlika mRtyavagaNa ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| tathApi sAmAnyatayA jaina AcAryoM ne rAga-dveSa vaza mRtyavaraNa jise prakArAntara se AtmahatyA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AlocanA kI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki giripatana yA agnipraveza ke dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA magNa lokamar3hatA hai| jainoM kI dRSTi meM samAdhimaraNa kA artha mRtyu kI kAmanA nahIM varan dehAsakti kA parityAga hai| jisa prakAra jIvana kI AkAMkSA dUSita hai, usI prakAra mRtyu kA AkAMkSA bhI dRSita kahI gayI hai|6 isa prakAra jaina vidvAnoM ne hindu paramparA meM apanAe gae dehatyAga ko eka taraha se AtmahatyA kI koTi meM rakhakara ise samAdhimaraNa se bhinna batAyA hai| isake pIche unakA yaha tarka hai ki hindU paramparA meM jo mRtyuvaraNa kiyA jAtA hai usake pIche mRtyu kI kAmanA hotI hai| isI kAraNa mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie hindU loga bAhya vidhiyoM kA sahArA lete. haiM, yathA- viSapAna, agnipraveza, jalasamAdhi, Adi / lekina yahA~ ve isa bAta para dhyAna nahIM dete haiM ki ina vidhiyoM se jo maraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usake pIche vyakti ke mana meM mRtyu kI AkAMkSA nahIM hotI hai, varan mokSa-prApti kI hI AkAMkSA hotI hai| merI dRSTi meM samAdhimaraNa karanevAla ke mana meM bhI mokSa-prApti kI hI AkAMkSa rahatI hai| kyoMki mAnava mana AkAMkSAoM se rahita ho hI nahIM sakatA hai, bhale hI usakI AkAMkSA ucca bhAvanA se pUrNa ho, lekina AkAMkSA to hotI hai| vaise bhI mokSa-bhAvanA ko sadrAga kahA
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________________ 24 samAdhimaraNa jAtA hai aura yaha saMsAra kI vRddhi nahIM karatA hai| hindU paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa ke lie mAtra bAhya vidhiyoM kA hI sahArA nahIM liyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa meM jisa taraha se anazanapUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra anazanapUrvaka dehatyAga kA vidhAna yahA~ bhI milatA hai| jaise- mahAprasthAna lenevAloM ke lie yaha spaSTa zabdoM meM nirdeza hai ki vyakti tIrthasthaloM, pahAr3oM, nirjana vano, kSetroM Adi sthAnoM para taba taka binA anna-jala grahaNa kie calatA rahe jaba taka ki usakA prANAnta na ho jaae| prazna hotA hai- kyA mahAprasthAna lenevAle jo anazana karate haiM unake pIche bhI mRtyu kI kAmanA hotI hai? merI dRSTi meM unake pIche mRtyu kI kAmanA nahIM hotI hai agara kisI taraha kI kAmanA yA AkAMkSA hotI hai to vaha hai mokSa prApti kI kAmanA aura mokSa-prApti kI kAmanA koI dUSita bhAvanA nahIM hai|* pratyeka dharma kI apanI-apanI mAnyatAe~ haiN| unhIM mAnyatAoM ke anusAra vyakti agnipraveza, jalasamAdhi, viSapAna, pahAr3a se kUdanA Adi vidhiyoM ko apanAkara mRtyuvaraNa karatA hai| ina vidhiyoM se jisa samaya maraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai usa samaya vyakti ke mana meM mRtyu kI kAmanA bhI nahIM hotI hai| ata: use lokamUr3hatA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| hA~ ! itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha mRtyuvaraNa karane kA ugra rUpa hai lekina lokamUr3hatA nahIM hai| isa prakAra se mRtyuvaraNa karanA kabhI bhI lokamUr3hatA nahIM ho sakatI hai| kyoMki dharma ko mAnA jAya aura zAstroM meM vizvAsa kiyA jAe tathA inakI racanA karanevAloM ke jJAna para vizvAsa kiyA jAe jinhoMne maraNa kI ina vidhiyoM kA samarthana kiyA hai, to yaha mUr3hatApUrNa nahIM ho sakatA hai| eka bAta aura dhyAna dene kI hai ki brAhmaNa paramparA meM bhI mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie kucha anivArya yogyatAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI haiM, jaise - yuvA, svastha tathA gRhastha vyakti mRtyavaraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| jinhoMne apane samasta kArya pUrNa kara lie, gRhastha Azrama kI sArI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa kara vAnaprastha Azrama ko grahaNa kara liyA ve hI tIrtha sthaloM para apane mana ko zubha dhyAna se pUrNa karate the tathA jaba unheM yaha jJAta ho jAtA thA ki unake sampUrNa karma kSaya ho gae haiM taba ve zAstra sammata kisI bhI vidhi ko apanAkara mRtyu kA varaNa kara lete the| unake karmoM kA kSaya huA hai yA nahIM isake bAre meM yogya AcArya apanI sammati vyakta karate the| durbala zarIravAle vyakti, asAdhya roga se grasita vyakti tathA anivArya rUpa se maraNAsanna vyakti hI mRtyuvaraNa karate the| isa taraha * jaina paramparA ise lokamUr3hatA isalie kahatI hai ki yaha maraNAkAMkSA yA svarga kI AkAMkSA hai- sampAdaka
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 25 ke udAharaNa brAhmaNa paramparA se sambandhita zAstroM tathA itihAsa meM dekhane ko milate haiN| ata: brAhmaNa paramparA meM anumodita mRtyuvaraNa ko sarvathA AtmahatyA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra jaina paramparA meM mokSa yA kaivalya kI prApti ke lie samAdhimaraNa kiyA jAtA hai aura use ve AtmahatyA kI koTi meM nahIM rakhate haiM, usI prakAra brAhmaNa paramparA meM jo mRtyuvaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha mAtra mokSa prApti ke lie hotA hai, maraNa kI AkAMkSA se nhiiN| donoM hI paramparAoM meM mAtra maraNa lene kI vidhi ko lekara hI antara hai aura isI antara ke AdhAra para eka paramparA ke dehatyAga ko AtmahatyA kahA jAe aura dUsarI paramparA ke dehatyAga ko AtmahatyA se alaga kahA jAe - yaha samIcIna nahIM jAna par3atA hai| jahA~ taka anazanapUrvaka samabhAva se dehatyAga kI bAta hai to samAdhimaraNa kI taraha hI mahAprasthAna meM bhI anazanapUrvaka samatvabhAva se dehatyAga kA bhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina paramparA ke samAdhipUrvaka dehatyAga aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke dehatyAga meM mAtra vidhi kA hI antara hai, bhAvanAoM kA nhiiN| yadi donoM hI paramparAoM meM dehatyAga samabhAvapUrvaka mAtra mokSa prApti ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai to eka hI lakSya kI prApti (mokSa) ke lie kiyA gayA dehatyAga eka paramparA meM ucita haiM aura dUsaroM meM ucita nahIM hai, yaha tarkasammata nahIM jAna par3atA hai| bauddha paramparA aura samAdhimaraNa bauddha paramparA meM AtmahutmA yA icchitamaraNa ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, lekina kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM AtmamaraNa kI AjJA pradAna kI gaI hai aura isakI prazaMsA bhI kI gaI hai| jAtaka Adi bauddha granthoM meM icchitamaraNa karanevAloM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prasiddha bauddha grantha majjhimanikAya meM AtmamaraNa ke kaI dRSTAnta Ae haiN| yadyapi isameM uddhRta AtmamaraNa nirvANa yA kaivalya prApti kI apekSA mana meM Ae hue Avega yA moha ko zAnta karane ke lie hI kiyA gayA jAna par3atA thA / isa grantha ke anusAra- eka pati ne apanI patnI kI hatyA mAtra isalie kara dI thI ki use Dara thA ki agale janma meM vaha usakI patnI nahIM bana pAyegI tathA bAda meM svayaM usane bhI AtmamaraNa kiyaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki AtmamaraNa karane ke pahale unake mana meM vichoha kA Dara thA tathA eka bhAvanA thI ki ho sakatA hai isa taraha AtmamaraNa karane se agale janma meM punaH hama donoM pati-patnI ke rUpa meM mila jAyeM / vyakti kA yaha AtmamaraNa mana meM Ae Avega ko zAnta karane ke lie hI kiyA gayA thA, aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| 177 dIrghanikAya meM likhA gayA hai ki pAyAMsI nAmaka strI vivAha ke bAda garbhavatI huii| rs
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________________ samAdhimagNa garbhAvasthA ke daurAna vaha hara samaya isa bAta ko jAnane ke lie becaina rahatI thI ki usake garbha meM pala rahe zizu kA liMga kyA hai? kyA vaha puruSa liMga kA hai yA strI liMga kA? bahuta samaya taka vaha apane mana para saMyama kiye rhii| lekina kucha samaya ke bAda vaha apane mana para saMyama nahIM rakha sakI aura apanI jijJAsA kI zAnti ke liye eka teja dhAradAra hathiyAra kI sahAyatA se apane garbha ko kATa ddaalaa| pariNAmasvarUpa pAyAsI kI bhI mRtyU ho gayI tathA usake garbha meM pala rahe zizu kI bhii| yadyapi AtmamaraNa kA yaha udAharaNa samAdhimaraNa se kisI taraha bhI sambandhita nahIM hai, parantu mAtra jijJAsA zAnti ke lie aisA kiyA gayA thA / aurata ke mana meM aura kisI taraha kI bhAvanA nahIM thii| jahA~ naka jijJAsA zAnti kI bAta hai to usake lie AtmamaraNa karanA anivArya nahIM hai| sambhavataH pAyAsI ne bhI AtmamaraNa karane ke lie garbha ko nahIM kATA thA, balki apane mana meM utpanna hae kautuhala kI zAnti ke lie hI usane aisA kiyA hogA, ata: usakA yaha AtmamagaNa AtmamaraNa nahIM kahalAegA, parantu yaha samAdhimaraNa ke sApekSa bhI nahIM hai| ata: pyAsI dvArA kie gae isa AtmamaraNa ko jijJAsAvaza kiyA gayA AtmamaraNa kaha sakate haiN| therIgAthA meM bhI AtmamaraNa ke bahata se udAharaNa milate haiN| isa grantha ke anusAra siMhA bahuta varSoM se sAdhanA kara rahI thii| lekina abhI taka use divyajJAna kI prApti nahIM huI thii| bahuta samaya ke bAda (sAta sAla bAda) usane apane mana meM yaha vicAra kiyA ki maiM isa pApI jIvana se taMga A gayI hU~ aura isase chuTakArA pAne ke lie aba maiM isakA aMta kara duuNgii| isa bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta hokara usane rassI ke phaMde kA phAMsa apane gale meM bAMdha liyA tathA marane kA upakrama karane lgii| lekina jyoM hI vaha jhulakara marane ko taiyAra huI usI samaya use divyajJAna kI prApti ho gayI aura usane marane kA yaha vicAra tyAga diyaa|9 siMhA kA yaha AtmamaraNa samAdhimaraNa se tulanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki samAdhibharaNa meM jahA~ dehatyAga mAtra nirvANa prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, vahI therIgAthA ke isa udAharaNa meM siMhA dvArA kiyA jA rahA AtmamaraNa kA prayAsa usakI apanI asaphalatA ke kAraNa hI thaa| lekina divyajJAna kI prApti ho jAne ke bAda usane AtmamaraNa nahIM kiyaa| isakA mukhya kAraNa yahI rahA hogA ki vaha yaha samajhane lagI hogI ki AtmahatyA divyajJAna prApti kA upAya nahIM hai| bauddha granthoM meM vakkali, Ananda Adi nAma bAra-bAra prayukta kiye gae haiN| sambhavataH isa bAre meM do vicAra ho sakate haiN| prathama vicAra ke anusAra ye nAma eka hI vyakti ke hoM tathA dUsare mata ke anusAra sambhava hai yaha bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke nAma hoN| satyatA jo bhI ho, yahA~ mere lie yaha samasyA nahIM hai ki yaha nAma eka hI vyakti ke the yA bhinna
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________________ samAdhimagaNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 27 bhinna vyakti ke / mere lie to mAtra itanA hI Avazyaka hai ki unhoMne AtmamaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA thA yA nahIM, agara kiyA thA, to kyoM aura kisa paristhiti meM? apane isI prayAsa kA pRga karane ke lie vibhinna bauddha granthA meM uddhRta ina nAmoM ke dvArA kie gae AtmamaraNa ke prayAsa kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| dhammapada ke anusAra vakkali bhagavAn buddha ko bahuta pyAra karatA thaa| usakA bhagavAn se atyadhika lagAva thaa| bhagavAn buddha usake isa lagAva se Dara gae tathA socane lage ki vakkali isake kAraNa bandhana meM par3atA jA rahA hai| isa kAraNa vakkali ke kalyANa ke lie bhagavAna use apane se alaga karate hue kahIM dUra jAkara tapasyA karane kA kahA / vakkali bhagavAn se alaga rahane kI kalpanA bhI nahIM kara sakatA thaa| vaha bhagavAna ke isa vichoha ko sahana nahIM kara sakA aura AtmamaraNa kA nizcaya kiyaa| vakkali dvAga AtmamaraNa karane kA yaha nizcaya samAdhimaraNa ke samakakSa nahIM hai, kyoMki yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki vakkali ne AtmamaraNa kA yaha nizcaya bhagavAn buddha se alaga ho jAne kI sthiti meM kiyA thaa| kisI se vichoha hone ke kAraNa jo AtmamaraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha samAdhimaraNa ke samAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa karane ke pahale vyakti ko sabhI naraha ke rAga-dveSa se mukta honA anivArya hotA hai, anyathA usakA yaha prayAsa AtmahatyA ke samAna ho jAtA hai| saMyuktanikAya ke anusAra vakkali asAdhya roga se pIr3ita ho gyaa| usane AtmamaraNa kA nizcaya kiyA, kyoMki roga ke kAraNa vaha apanI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA nahIM kara pA rahA thA tathA use asahanIya kaSTa bhI ho rahA thaa| bhagavAn buddha ne usake AtmamaraNa ke nizcaya ko prazaMsanIya evaM pavitra kahA tathA usake nirvANa ke lie kAmanA bhI kii| tatpazcAt vakkali ne eka teja dhAradAra hathiyAra kI sahAyatA se AtmamaraNa kiyaa| ___asAdhya roga se pIr3ita hone tathA apane kAryoM kA sampAdana ThIka se nahIM karane ke kAraNa vakkali ne AtmamaraNa kA jo nizcaya kiyA vaha samAdhimaraNa ke samakakSa avazya hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa karanevAle asAdhya roga hone kI sthiti meM AtmamaraNa karate haiN| lekina yahA~ bhI thor3I vibhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai / vakkali ne kaSTa ke kAraNa tathA dhAradAra hathiyAra kI sahAyatA se AtmamaraNa kiyA, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM kisI taraha ke kaSToM se Ubakara AtmamaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai tathA na hI kisI hathiyAra kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai| ata: yahA~ yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vakkali ko asahanIya .. kaSTa ho rahA thA aura usase bacane ke lie hI usane hathiyAra kI sahAyatA se apanA
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________________ 28 samAdhimaraNa prANAnta kara liyaa| agara vAstava meM yahI bAta satya rahI hogI to vakkali dvArA kiyA gayA yaha AtmamaraNa samAdhimaraNa se bhinna mAnA jaayegaa| saMyuttanikAya meM godhikA nAma kI eka zrAvikA ke AtmamaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| godhikA bauddha zrAvikA thii| vaha kisI asAdhya roga se pIr3ita thii| usane apane roga ke nidAna kA prayatna kiyA, lekina use saphalatA nahIM milii| antataH usane AtmamaraNa kiyaa| svayaM bhagavAn buddha ne godhikA ke AtmamaraNa kI prazaMsA kI tathA yaha kahA ki usane nirvANa pA liyaa|82 godhikA kA yaha AtmamaraNa samAdhimaraNa se avazya tulanIya hai, kyoMki bImArI kI sthiti meM usane usake nidAna kA prayAsa kiyA tathA saphala nahIM hone para hI usane AtmamaraNa kiyA ho| ho sakatA hai aisA sambhava ho ki usane AtmamaraNa bImArI ke kaSTa se nahIM balki bImArI se chuTakArA pAne ke lie kiyA ho, kyoMki usane aisA kiyA thA tabhI to bhagavAn buddha ne usake AtmamaraNa kI prazaMsA kI tathA yaha bhI kahA ki usane nirvANa prApta kara liyA hai| theragAthA meM prastuta nahAtaka muni ke AtmamaraNa kA prasaMga bhI vivecita karane yogya hai| nahAtaka muni brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna hue the| buddha se pravrajyA grahaNa karake arhat pada ko prApta kiye the| ve jaMgala meM apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rahate the| kucha samaya pazcAt ve vAta roga se pIr3ita ho ge| isase unakI sAdhanA meM vyavadhAna utpanna hone lgaa| eka bAra buddha nahAtaka muni se mile aura pUchA ki isa bImArI ke kAraNa tumhAre kArya-kalApoM meM vyavadhAna ho rahA hogA? tuma kisa taraha isa jaMgala meM apane dharma kI rakSA karoge? isa para muni ne kahA "zarIra meM vipula prIti suqha phailAkara kaThinAiyoM ko vaza meM karake jaMgala meM vihAra kruuNgaa| pA~va, indriyA~ aura pA~ca baloM kA abhyAsa karake sUkSma dhyAna se yukta hokara Asrava rahita hokara jaMgala meM vicaraNa kruuNgaa| mana ko sabhI vicAroM se mukta kara luuNgaa| usake bAda muni-mRtyu grahaNa karU~gA tathA punarjanma ke bhavacakra se mukta ho jaauuNgaa|83 nahAtaka muni dvArA AtmamaraNa kA yaha nizcaya samAdhimaraNa se tulanIya hai, kyoMki bhagavatI meM isI taraha kA vicAra ekadaMgamuni dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai|84 / / sappadasa rAjA zuddhodana kA rAja purohita thaa| usake mana meM kAma-vitarka utpanna huA karatA thaa| nirantara prayAsoM ke phalasvarUpa bhI usake mana ko zAnti nahIM milI thii| nirAza hokara eka dina usane AtmamaraNa kA nizcaya kiyaa| usI samaya usakA mana samAdhistha ho gyaa| taduparAnta usane arhat pada prApta kiyaa| arhat pada-prApti ke pazcAt sappadasa ne apane anubhava ko isa prakAra vyakta kiyA- AtmamaraNa ke lie maiM astra ke rUpa meM ustarA lekara palaMga para baiTha gyaa| apanI dhamanI kATane ke lie gale para ustarA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 29 85 rakhA hI thA ki vivekapUrNa vicAra utpanna huA aura citta mukta huaa| 5 sappadasa dvArA kiyA gayA AtmamaraNa kA yaha nirNaya samAdhimaraNa se tulanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvaprathama usane AtmamaraNa kA nizcaya apanI bhAvanAoM ( kAma bhAvanA) se mukta hone ke lie kiyA thA tathA bAda meM AtmamaraNa ke lie astra kA prayoga kiyaa| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki usakA viveka jAga uThA aura usane AtmamaraNa nahIM kiyaa| kAma eka tIvra saMvega hai aura yadi sappadasa ne mAtra saMvega prApta karane ke lie AtmamaraNa kA nirNaya kiyA thA to yaha samAdhimaraNa nahIM kahalA sakatA, lekina agara dharmarakSA ke lie usa saMvega se mukti kA prayatna kiyA thA to samAdhimaraNa se tulanIya hai| megharAja kuSTha roga se pIr3ita thaa| isa kAraNa vaha bauddha vihAra se bAhara rahatA thaa| bAda meM usane buddha se icchitamaraNa kI AjJA mA~gI ? buddha ne megharAja ko icchitamaraNa karane kI AjJA dI aura usakI prazaMsA bhI kii|6 megharAja kA yaha AtmamaraNa samAdhimaraNa se tulanIya hai, kyoMki kuSTha roga usa samaya eka asAdhya roga thA, jisase deha ke aMga-pratyaMga gala jAte the| phalataH vyakti apane kAryoM kA sampAdana karane meM asamartha ho jAtA thaa| ataH sambhava hai megharAja kA bhI aMga-pratyaMga gala gayA ho aura vaha kisI kArya ko karane meM samartha na rahA ho| isI kAraNa usane icchitamaraNa kA nizcaya kiyA ho aura bhagavAn buddha usase sahamata bhI ho gae hoN| uttara sAriputra ke ziSya the| sAriputra kI asvasthatA ke kAraNa unake upacAra hetu vaidya bulAne ke lie uttara zahara kI ora jAne lge| rAste meM kisI sarovara ke nikaTa ve apanA kamaNDala rakhakara snAna karane lge| isI bIca kisI cora ne unake kamaNDala meM corI kA sAmAna rakha diyaa| rAja-rakSakoM ne unheM pakar3a liyaa| rAjya kI ora se unheM mRtyudaNDa milaa| phA~sI sthala para jAne ke samaya unakA mana khinna thaa| lekina phA~sI ke phade para jhUlane ke vakta unheM jJAna kI prApti huI aura unakI khinnatA dUra ho gyii| unhoMne saharSa bhAva se phAMsI ke phande ko apanA liyA tathA apane mana meM Ae bhAvoM ko isa taraha se prakaTa kiyA - "thor3I dera pahale maiM marane se Dara rahA thaa| lekina maiMne isake duSpariNAma ko jAna liyA hai, ataH saMsAra kI aba mujhe kAmanA nahIM rahI / 87 pahalI avasthA meM uttara ko yaha jAnakara duHkha ho rahA thA ki maiMne pApa kArya nahIM kiyA phira bhI mujhe daNDa mila rahA hai, maiM jhUThe hI mRtyu kA bhAgI ho rahA huuN| lekina dUsarI avasthA meM jJAna ho jAne para unheM saMsAra ke mithyAtva kA bodha ho gayA tathA unake lie jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI paristhitiyA~ samAna ho gayIM arthAt ve samabhAva kI sthiti meM A ge| isa sthiti meM unhoMne jo khuzI-khuzI binA kisI viSama bhAva ke mRtyu kA varaNa
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________________ 30 samAdhimaraNa kiyA vaha samAdhimaraNa ke tulanIya hai| unake phAMsI ke phande para jhUlane kA kAraNa svecchA nahIM, rAjAjJA thI / H mahAnAma kA mana dhyAna kI avasthA meM ekAgracitta nahIM ho pAtA thaa| jisase vaha bahuta hI khinna rahatA thA / bahuta prayatna karane para bhI usakA cina ekAgra nahIM ho paayaa| anta meM nirAza hokara usane pahAr3a se kUdakara AtmamaraNa kA nizcaya kara liyaa| mahAnAma kA yaha AtmamaraNa kisI taraha se samAdhimaraNa ke samakakSa nahIM hai, kyoMki hatAzA kI sthiti meM pahAr3a se kUdakara AtmamaraNa karanA AtmahatyA ke samAna hai aura AtmahatyA tathA samAdhimaraNa meM bahuta bar3A antara haiN| mahAyAna sampradAya bauddha dharma kI eka zAkhA hai, jisameM icchitamaraNa ke kaI udAharaNa milate haiN| bhAvI ke zAkyamuni ne pUrva bhavoM meM AtmamaraNa kiyA thaa| AtmamaraNa ke lie unhoMne apanA zarIra bhUkhI zeranI ko arpita kiyA thaa|" vahIM bheSarAja ke bhava meM Aga meM jalakara icchitamaraNa kiyA thaa| AtmamaraNa kI ye donoM sthitiyA~ samAdhimaraNa ke samakakSa pratIta nahIM hotI hai| kyoMki pahalI avasthA meM aisA sambhava hai ki paropakAra kI bhAvanA ke vazIbhUta hokara bhaviSya ke zAkyamuni ne apanA zarIra bhUkhI zeranI ko khilA diyA ho| ataH yaha samAdhimaraNa se alaga haTakara koI anya bAta ho sakatI hai| dUsarI avasthA meM bheSarAja maM jhulasakara maratA hai| dehatyAga ke ye donoM rUpa ugramaraNa haiM jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM isa taraha mRtyuvaraNa ke ugra rUpa kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| Aga cIna, jApAna jaise bauddha dharma ko mAnanevAle dezoM meM bhI AtmamaraNa kI paramparA rahI hai| cIna meM aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki AtmamaraNa karane se vyakti agale janma meM bhagavAn buddha ke rUpa meM janma legA, vahIM jApAna meM svarga prApti kI kAmanA se AtmamaraNa kiyA jAtA hai|" cIna meM Aga meM jhulasakara AtmamaraNa karane kI prathA haiM, jisake lie jvalanazIla padArthoM ko ikaTThA karake agnikuNDa kA nirmANa kiyA jAnA hai / jaba Aga pUrI taraha phaila jAtI hai, taba AtmamaraNa karane ke lie vyakti usa agnikuNDa meM kUda jAtA hai| jApAna meM AtmamaraNa kA icchuka vyakti bauddha mantra 'AmIdA vutsu' kA jApa karate hue samudra meM DUbakara AtmamaraNa karatA hai| isake alAvA herekerI zijhU tathA aitizI jaisI prathA bhI AtmamaraNa ke lie apanAyI jAtI hai / herekerI meM kisI dhAradAra astra kI sahAyatA se aMga-pratyaMga kATakara maraNa kiyA jAtA hai| zijhU athavA aitizI vidhi se maraNa karanevAle vyakti ke mana meM yaha dRr3ha vizvAsa
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 31 rahatA hai ki usane jo kucha isa jIvana meM nahIM prApta kiyA hai vaha agale jIvana meM avazya prApta kara legA / " juMzI nAmaka eka aura vidhi hai jisase AtmamaraNa karanevAle vyakti ko yaha vizvAsa rahatA hai ki usakA mAlika punaH use agale janma meM mila jaaegaa| AtmamaraNa karane ke lie prayukta ukta samasta prakAra kisI na kisI uddezya prApti se sambandhita haiN| adhikAMza vidhiyoM meM AtmamaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| ataH maraNa prApta karane kI ye sabhI vidhiyA~ samAdhimaraNa se bhinna haiN| isa taraha se hama yadi bauddha paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie apanAyI gayI vidhiyoM para dhyAna deM, to nimnalikhita bAteM hamAre sAmane upasthita hotI haiM (1) adhikAMza avasthAoM meM mRtyuvaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM yA upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA lI jAtI hai| (2) bAhya vastuoM meM phA~sI lagAkara, astra dvArA aMga-bhaMga karake, pahAr3a saM kRdakara. jala meM DUbakara tathA Aga meM jhulasakara Adi vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se prANAnta kiyA jAtA hai| phira bhI yadi bauddha paramparA meM upalabdha AtmamaraNa ke udAharaNoM evaM buddha dvArA unameM se kucha para dI gaI sahamati para vicAra kiyA jAe to bahuta hI kama aise udAharaNa milate haiM, jo samAdhimaraNa ke tulanIya haiN| kahane kA artha yaha hai ki sAmAnyataH buddha ne icchita mRtyuvaraNa ke lie apanI sahamati nahIM dI hai, phira bhI paristhitivaza unhoMne isakA samarthana kiyA hai tathA kucha nirdeza bhI die haiN| saMyuttanikAya meM unhoMne kahA hai ki jo vyakti apane ko kisI bAhya upakaraNa kI sahAyatA se mAratA hai aura usa sthiti meM yadi vaha sAMsArika mAyA, moha se virata rahatA hai to use Atmavadha kA doSa nahIM lagatA hai| vaha nirvANa kA adhikArI hotA hai aura sAMsArika kaSToM se use mukti mila jAtI hai| " isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jainadharma meM varNita samAdhimaraNa tathA bauddha dharma meM pratipAdita AtmamaraNa kI paramparA meM mUlabhUta antara hai| jaina paramparA ke viparIta bauddha paramparA meM mRtyuvaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne AtmamaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM kA niSedha kiyA hai| isake pIche unakA yaha narka hai ki isa taraha se jo maraNa kiyA jAtA hai usameM avazya hI kisI taraha kI AkAMkSA rahatI hai, kyoMki yadi kisI taraha kI AkAMkSA nahIM rahatI hai to phira zastra ke dvArA kyoM tatkAla mRtyu kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai? apane adhyayana ke daurAna maiMne yaha spaSTa rUpa se dekhA hai ki adhikatara sthiti meM vyakti kisI na kisI bAhya vidhi kI sahAyatA se zIghra maraNa ko
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________________ samAdhimaraNa Atura hai| isake sAtha hI usake AtmamaraNa ke pIche koI na koI uddezya avazya hai| yadyapi binA uddezya ke koI bhI kArya nahIM kie jAte haiM, tathApi AtmamaraNa ke lie laukika bAtoM se sambandhita koI uddezya hai to vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki isase vyakti ko Atmavagha ke doSa lagane kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai| isa taraha jahA~ bauddha paramparA zastra dvArA kI gaI AtmahatyA kA samarthana karatI hai, vahIM jaina paramparA use asvIkAra karatI hai| ___ bauddha paramparA aura jaina paramparA meM varNita mRtyuvaraNa kA antara unakI vidhiyoM ko lekara bhI hai| yaha bAta ThIka hai ki samAdhimaraNa lenevAle vyakti ke mana meM na to marane kI AkAMkSA hotI hai aura na hI jIne kii| lekina isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA hai ki bauddha paramparA meM jo zastraghAta kiyA jAtA hai usake pIche mAtra mRtyu kI hI AkAMkSA hotI hai| ata: yaha AkSepa ki zastraghAta vyakti zIghramaraNa ke lie karatA hai, ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki pUrva meM hamane dekhA hai ki bauddha granthoM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAMsArika mAyA, moha se virakta hokara vyakti agara zastra kI sahAyatA se apanA ghAta karatA hai to vaha nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai| ata: zastraghAta kI sahAyatA se kiyA jAnevAlA prANAnta nirvANa prApti ke lie bhI ho sakatA hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jaina dharmAvalambI bhI jainadharma meM varNita anazana ko hI apanAkara apanA prANAnta kreN| kAraNa vahA~ bhI kucha prasaMga aise milate haiM jinameM dehapAta karane ke lie anazana ke atirikta anya vidhiyoM ko apanAyA jAtA hai| jaina matAvalambI bauddha matAvalambI para yaha AkSepa lagAte haiM ki ve loga zastra kI sahAyatA se jo maraNa karate haiM, vastuta: ve nirvANa prApti ke lie nahIM varan apane mana ke AvegoM ko zAnta karane ke lie aisA karate haiN| dekhA jAe to prakArAntara se ve AtmahatyA hI karate haiN| unakA yaha AkSepa ThIka nahIM hai, jisa prakAra AtmahatyA ke lie jainadharma meM asahamati vyakta kI gaI hai tathA jIvitAzaMsA aura maraNAkAMkSA ko samAdhimaraNa kA doSa batAyA gayA hai, usI prakAra bauddha dharma meM bhI AtmahatyA ko duHkha kA kAraNa mAnate hue isakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| ___ samAdhimaraNa lenevAle vyakti kA anazana usake deha para se mamatva haTAne ke bhAva ko pradarzita karatA hai tathA kaivalya prApti meM sahAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra bauddhoM kA prANatyAga bhI nirvANa prApti ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se bauddha dharma meM: jo prANatyAga hai vaha jainadharma ke samAdhimaraNa ke samAna hI hai, kyoMki donoM hI paramparAoM kA yaha dehatyAga nirvANa prApti ke nimitta hI kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha sAhityoM meM milane vAle bahuta se AtmamaraNa ke udAharaNa isakI puSTi karate haiN| ata: bauddha dharma meM zastraghAta *
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ dvArA jo maraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha zIghramaraNa kI kAmanA se mukta rahatA hai| isake pIche nirvANa prApti kI bhAvanA rahatI hai| isa taraha bauddhoM kA AtmamaraNa jainoM kI hI taraha nirvANa prApti kA eka sAdhana hai| aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| IsAI paramparA aura samAdhimaraNa icchitamaraNa yA svaicchika mRtyuvaraNa kA prazna vizva ke sabhI paramparAoM aura dharmoM ke samakSa eka vicAraNIya prazna rahA hai| isa sambandha meM samaya-samaya para sabhI paramparA ke logoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se vicAra prastuta kie haiN| kabhI unhoMne isakA samarthana kiyA hai to kabhI virodha / ' IsAI dharma ke samarthakoM ne bhI svaicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke prazna para apane vicAra die haiN| vaijJAnika vikAsa-kAla meM bar3hatI huI AtmahatyA kI samasyA se pratyeka vyakti burI taraha trasta thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki pAdarI, dharmaguru, rAjA, sAdhAraNa janatA, zikSAvid, samAja sudhAraka Adi sabhI ne isa viSaya para kucha cintana kiyA aura apane vicAroM ko prakAza meM laayaa| arastu aura pleTo ne AtmahatyA (icchitamaraNa) para apane vicAra prastuta karate hae isakI nindA kI hai| unake anusAra AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti samAja aura rAjya donoM ke lie aparAdhI hai, kyoMki vaha rAjya dvArA banAe gae niyamoM kI avahelanA karatA hai| unake vicAra meM AtmahatyA kA kabhI bhI samarthana nahIM karanA caahie| ipikTsa (Epicts) mRtyuvaraNa para apane vicAra vyakta karate hae AtmahatyA ke prati apanI asahamati vyakta karate haiN| ve kahate haiM- mitroM! IzvarIya AjJA kI pratIkSA karo ki kaba vaha hameM yahA~ (saMsAra) se mAnava jAti kI sevA se mukta karake apane pAsa Ane kA saMketa karatA hai| jaba vaha saMketa kare tabhI usake pAsa jAne kA prayatna karo arthAt binA usakI AjJA ke usake pAsa paha kA prayatna mata kro|18 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki tuma AtmahatyA mata karo jitanA jadhika sambhava ho usase bacane kA prayatna kro| __ santa jeroma (St. Jerome) kA vicAra AtmahatyA ke prati niSedhAtmaka hai| ve kahate haiM ki IsAI dharma meM AsthA rakhanevAle vyakti ko AtmahatyA nahIM karanI caahie| santa agastAina (St. Augustine) kA vicAra AtmahatyA ke bAre meM bahuta hI pratirodhAtmaka hai| ve spaSTa zabdoM meM vyakti ko AtmahatyA karane se manA karate haiN| bAda meM AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti ko carca virodhI batAte hue kahate haiM ki AtmahatyA karane -vAlA vyakti carca dvArA dhArmika kAnUna yA paramparA kA apamAna karatA hai| aise vyakti pUre samAja aura sampUrNa mAnava samudAya ke lie abhizApa hai| jUr3A nAmaka vyakti kA udAharaNa
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________________ 34 samAdhimaraNa dete hae unhoMne yaha kahA hai ki usane AtmahatyA karake apane prabhu yIza ke prati vizvAsaghAta kiyaa|." IsAIyoM ke prasiddha carca santapAla ke pAdarI done (Donme) kI dRSTi meM AtmahatyA vaha mahApApa hai jisake samAna dRsarA koI anya pApa nahIM hai| santa monTena (St. Montaigne) ke anusAra AtmahatyA eka aisA katya hai. jisake prati kisI bhI taraha kI sahAnubhUti nahIM rakhanI caahie| - thaoNmasa . vavanA ne AtmahatyA ko eka vizvavAsaghAta mAnA hai| unake anusAra AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyani apane svAmI (Izvara) ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| vaha IsA masIha ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| vaha apane svAmI (Izvara) tathA prabhu (IsA masIha) ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karake svayaM apane bhAgya ke sAtha vizvAsaghAta karatA hai| arthAt AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyani, apane vizvAsa kA hanana karatA hai aura isa loka meM du:kha pAne ke sAtha-sAtha vaha paraloka meM bhI duHkha pAtA hai| ____ phrAMsa ke zAsaka luI navam ne AtmahatyA kI samasyA para apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue ise samAja ke lie eka abhizApa batAyA aura isake virUddha eka kAnUna banAyA, jisakA mukhya uddezya AtmahatyA kI bar3hatI pravRtti para roka lagAnA thaa| isa kAnUna ke anusAra AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti kI sArI cala-acala sampani gajya sampani ghoSita kara dI jAtI thii| bahuta se anya yUropIya rAjyoM ne krAMsa ke AtmahatyA virodhI kAnUna kA anusaraNa kiyaa| vahA~ ke zAsakoM ne bhI isI taraha ke milane-julana kAnUna apane rAjyoM meM lAgU kiye| bAda meM phrAMsa ke laI caudahave ne AtmahatyA virodhI kAnUna kA pAlana pUrI zakti se karavAyA tathA isa kAnUna ko nahIM mAnanevAlA ke sAtha kar3AI kA vyavahAra karanA prArambha kara diyaa| skaoNTalaiNDa meM bhI AtmahatyA ko mahApApa kahA gayA / AtmahatyA karanavAlA kA par3AsA kA hatyArA kahakara AtmahatyA ke viruddha eka vyApaka jana abhiyAna cher3A gyaa| prazAsana dvArA AtmahatyA ke viruddha vyApaka kAnUna banAyA gayA tathA inakA kaThoratA se pAlana karavAne kA nirdeza diyA gyaa| iMglaiNDa meM bhI ise mahA aparAdha kI zreNI meM rakhate hue mahApApa kI saMjJA dene ke sAtha-sAtha AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti kI sampUrNa sampatti daNDasvarUpa rAjakoSa meM jamA kara lI jAne lgii| isake alAvA daNDasvarUpa anya kaI taraha ke niyama apanAe gaye / 1598 I0 meM eka aurata jala meM DUbakara AtmahatyA kara lI / usake zarIra ko jalAzaya se nikAla kara punaH usake lAza ko phA~sI ke takhte para car3hAyA gayA / aisA mAtra daNDa dene ke lie nahIM kiyA gayA hogA, balki isake pIche yahI bhAvanA rahI hogI ki vyakti AtmahatyA karane se bace, kyoMki yaha itanA bar3A aparAdha hai ki marane ke bAda bhI mRtaka
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________________ samAdhimagNa aura anya dhArmika parampagAe~ ko daNDa milatA hai| kANTa ne AtmahatyA ke prati virodha prakaTa karate hue kahA hai ki AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti mAnavatA kA hI anAdara karatA hai|.8 zApenahAvara ne (Schopenhaucr) AtmahatyA ko pAgalapana kI sanaka kahA hai| AtmahatyA para apanA mata prakaTa karate hue vaha likhatA hai ki AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti mAnavatA kA apamAna karatA hai tathA apane jIne kI icchA ko khatma karatA hai yA samApta kara detA hai| kyoMki aksara aisA dekhA gayA hai ki AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti ke antarmana meM aura adhika samaya taka jAne kI lalaka rahatI hai| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki vaha isa bhAvanA se vazIbhUta hone ke bAda bhI apanA prANAnta kara letA hai| isa taraha hama yaha dekhate haiM ki IsAI paramparA meM aicchika dehatyAga kA virodha vyApaka paimAne para huA hai| ina virodhoM ke bAda bhI kucha aisI vizeSa paristhitiyA~ haiM jinameM aicchika dehatyAga kI sahamati IsAI paramparA meM dekhane ko milatI hai| sahamati hI nahIM, balki isake pakSa meM prabala samarthana va prazaMsA ke bhAva bhI vidyamAna haiN| isa viSaya para Age vistArapUrvaka carcA kI jaayegii| IsAI paramparA ke anusAra nimnalikhita paristhitiyoM meM vyakti mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai- apane dharma kI rakSA ke lie, svadharma ke tyAga kI paristhitiyA~ upasthita ho jAne para, pavitratA athavA naitika mUlyoM kI rakSA karane ke lie| ina paristhitiyoM meM vyakti dvArA kiye gaye mRtyuvaraNa kI prazaMsA sarvatra kI jAtI hai tathA isakI sahamati IsAI paramparA ke sAtha-sAtha anya paramparAoM meM bhI dI gayI hai| ina paristhitiyoM meM liyA gayA mRtyuvaraNa jainadharma meM varNita samAdhimaraNa ke samAna hI prazaMsanIya evaM svIkAra karane yogya hai| isake viruddha kisI taraha kA AkSepa nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai| DAyagalAyarTa (Dioglacrt)111 ke anusAra nimnalikhita paristhitiyoM meM vyakti mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai- apane sAthiyoM va apane deza kI rakSA, asahya roga ho jAne tathA isI taraha kI anya paristhitiyA~ upasthita ho jAne para vyakti icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| ina paristhitiyoM meM usake dvArA liyA gayA mRtyuvaraNa samAja ke lie eka Adarza upasthita karatA hai| isase usake ucca bhAva kA bodha hotA hai tathA use samAja meM AdaraNIya sthAna prApta hotA hai| use AdaraNIya sthAna prApta honA bhI cAhie, kyoMki niHsandeha vaha Adara pAne yogya kArya karatA hai| arastu aura pleTo ne eka tarapha AtmahatyA kI tIvra bhartsanA kI hai tathA ise
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________________ 36 samAdhimaraNa samAja virodhI batAyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne aicchika dehatyAga ko prazaMsanIya bhI kahA hai| lekina AtmamaraNa karanevAlA vyakti tabhI prazaMsA kA pAtra mAnA jA sakatA hai jaba vaha kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM ke utpanna ho jAne para dehatyAga karatA hai| unake anusAra nimna paristhitiyA~ haiM - asAdhya bImArI, asahya zArIrika duHkha, vaisI paristhitiyA~ utpanna ho jAnA jisameM adhika samaya taka jIvita rahanA sambhava nahIM ho, jaise cAroM tarapha bhayAnaka agni meM phaMsa jAnA, DUbane jaisI sthiti paidA ho jAnA, duSTAtmAoM ke bIca pha~sa jAnA, hiMsaka pazu aura manuSyoM ke bIca ghira jAnA Adi paristhitiyoM meM yadi vyakti dehatyAga kA nirNaya karatA hai to usakA yaha AtmamaraNa yA mRtyuvaraNa prazaMsanIya hai|115 thaoNmasa more aicchika dehatyAga kA samarthana karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki vyakti mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai| lekina mRtyuvaraNa karane ke pUrva use usakI sUcanA pahale kisI pAdarI yA nyAyAdhIza ko de denI caahie| unakI AjJA mila jAne para vyakti mRtyuvaraNa ke lie svatantra hai- arthAt vaha icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai| lekina yahA~ bhI more ne vyakti kI yogyatA ko prastuta kiyA hai, arthAt vahI vyakti mRtyuvaraNa kara sakatA hai jo asahya, asAdhya evaM duHkhadAyI roga se pIr3ita hai|513 more kA yaha vicAra IsAI paramparA ke kanaphezana (Confession) kI avadhAraNA ko mAnakara calatA hai| santa jeroma ke anusAra-dharma rakSArtha, zArIrika pavitratA kI rakSA tathA anya isI taraha kI paristhitiyAM meM vyakti AtmamaraNa kara sakatA hai|114 sToksa (Stokes) ne icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai ki yaha vyakti ko sabhI taraha ke duHkhoM se chuTakArA dilAtI hai, 51. arthAt mRtyuvaraNa ke dvArA vyakti mokSa prApta kara letA hai, kyoMki binA mokSa prApta kie vaha sabhI taraha ke duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| mANTeskyU mRtyuvaraNa ke prati apanA samarthana vyakta karate hue kahate haiM ki mRtyuvaraNa vyakti kA adhikAra hai|516 vAlteyara carca dvArA pratipAdita mRtyavaraNa virodhI kAnuna kI nindA karate hue kahate haiM ki mRtyuvaraNa se sambandhita yaha kAnUna mRtyuvaraNa karanevAle vyakti ke sage-sambandhiyoM, putra-putriyoM tathA usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ko unake paitRka adhikAra se vaMcita karane kA eka SaDyantra hai| ve kahate haiM ki agara mRtyuvaraNa eka aparAdha hai to yuddha mahA aparAdha, kyoMki yaha samAja aura mAnava jAti donoM ke lie adhika hAnikAraka hai|110 yuddha meM bhAga lenevAlA vyakti yaha mAnakara calatA hai ki isameM usake prANa bhI jA sakate haiN| kamoveza yaha bhI eka taraha kA aicchika mRtyuvaraNa hI hai, lekina usakI sarvatra prazaMsA kI jAtI hai| yuddha meM vyakti apane deza aura mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI Ahuti detA hai aura vaha prazaMsanIya mAnA jAtA hai, to kyA
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________________ samAdhimagNa aura anya dhArmika parampagae~ 37 dharmarakSArtha prANoM kA tyAga karanA ucita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA? saMbhavata: inhIM bhAvanAoM se udvelita hokara mANTeskyU ne vAlteyara ke mRtyuvaraNa virodhI kAnUna kI AlocanA karate hae yuddha ke samaya honevAlI hiMsA ko mahApApa kI saMjJA dI ho| isI prakAra vekariyA 18. (Beccaria) tathA holabeka':: (Holbach) mRtyuvaraNa (AtmahatyA) ke viruddha banAe gae kAnUna para apanI Apatti prakaTa karate hue kahate haiM ki AtmahatyA ke viruddha jitane bhI kAnuna banAe gae haiM ve tarkapUrNa nahIM haiM, asaMgata haiN| hyUma mRtyuvaraNa para carcA karate hue kahate haiM-yaha siddhAnta ki mRtyuvaraNa karanevAlA vyakti Izvara dvArA banAe gae niyamoM ko tor3atA hai, tarkapUrNa nahIM hai| apanI vArtA ke krama ko Age bar3hAte hue ve puna: kahate haiM ki agara hama kisI nadI kI dhArA ko badalane meM sakSama haiM aura yadi aisA karate haiM to yaha aparAdha nahIM hai| isI taraha mRtyuvaraNa bhI aparAdha nahIM hai|120 nadiyoM kI dhArA kI dizA badalakara pala, bAMdha banAe jAte haiN| isa kArya meM hiMsA hotI hai tathA yaha aprAkRtika kArya mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake kAraNa paryAvaraNa ko bhayaMkara khatare kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| paryAvaraNa-pradUSita ho jAtA hai aura pradUSita tathA saMkramita paryAvaraNa mAnava jIvana kA nAza hI karatA hai| ata: nadI kI dhArA ke dizA-parivartana dvArA hama apane mRtyuvaraNa ko hI svIkAra karate haiN| phira bhI yaha kArya niraMtara calatA rahatA hai aura tarka diyA jAtA hai ki yaha mAnava kI bhalAI ke lie hI kiyA jA rahA hai| agara mRtyuvaraNa bhI isI bhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara grahaNa kiyA jAe to kyA ise aparAdha mAnA jAnA cAhie athavA nadI kI dhArA kI dizA badalane jaise kAryoM kI taraha svIkRti pradAna karanI cAhie? plinI mRtyuvaraNa kA samarthana karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyeka vyakti mRtyuvaraNa yA AtmabalidAna kI zakti rakhatA hai tathA jaba bhI use apanI isa zakti kA pradarzana karane meM prasannatA kA anubhava ho, vaha apanI isa zakti kA prayoga behicaka kara sakatA hai|121 yuddha kI vedI para, brahmacarya kI rakSA kA prasaMga upasthita hone para, dharma se patita ho jAne kI paristhiti meM yadi vyakti ko dehapAta karanA hI par3e to kyA usake mRtyuvaraNa ko prazaMsanIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai? kyA ina paristhitiyoM meM dehatyAga na karake dharma se bhraSTa ho jAnA cAhie? yadi nahIM to, kyA dehatyAga kA nirNaya vyakti kI zakti nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, agara hA~! to use apanI zakti ke prayoga karane kI svataMtratA milanI hI cAhie, anyathA vaha zakti se yukta zaktihIna prANI hI mAnA jaaegaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki sAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM meM IsAI dharmaguruoM ne AtmamaraNa yA AtmabalidAna kA samarthana kabhI bhI nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi unhoMne kucha vizeSa paristhitiyoM
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________________ 38 samAdhimaraNa meM mRtyuvaraNa karane kA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa IsAI dharma-granthoM meM una striyAM kI atyadhika prazaMsA kI gaI hai, jinhoMne apane satItva kI rakSA ke lie apanA dehatyAga kiyA thaa| IsAI dharmaguruoM ne una striyoM ke AtmamaraNa kI prazaMsA to kI hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha unhoMne unake sAtha dayAlutA kA pradarzana bhI kiyA hai evaM unheM bahuta hI ucca sthAna pradAna kiyA hai| unheM santoM kI zreNI meM rakhakara unake prati asIma Adara ke bhAva kA pradarzana bhI kiyA hai| uparyukta cintana ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa aura IsAI dharma ke mRtyuvaraNa meM pAe jAnevAle antara para prakAza DAlA jA sktaa| samAdhimaraNa meM jahA~ spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta para jora DAlA gayA hai ki mRtyuvaraNa vyakti anazanapUrvaka karatA hai, vahIM IsAI dharma meM mRtyuvaraNa ke lie kisI taraha kA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM hai| isameM vyakti ke Upara hI yaha chor3a diyA gayA hai ki vaha mRtyuvaraNa ke lie kauna-sA mArga apnaae| ataH isa dRSTi se samAdhimaraNa aura IsAI dharma ke mRtyuvaraNa meM kAphI antara pAyA jAtA hai| lekina paristhitiyA~ jinake kAraNa vyakti dehatyAga karatA hai para vicAra kiyA jAe to donoM meM kAphI samAnatAe~ haiN| kyoMki IsAI dharma meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki vyakti viparIta paristhitiyoM meM, dharma kI rakSA ke lie, satItva kI rakSA ke lie hI dehatyAga kara sakatA hai tathA anya sAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM meM use mRtyuvaraNa karane kA adhikAra nahIM hai| samAdhimaraNa bhI inhIM paristhitiyoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| IsAI dharma meM kabhI-kabhI mRtyuvaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM kA bhI sahArA liyA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha samAdhimaraNa se kucha bhinna avazya hai, lekina hameM yahA~ yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki kucha asAdhAraNa paristhitiyoM meM jainadharma meM bhI sattvara vidhiyoM kA Alambana lekara dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai| IsAI dharma para yaha bhI eka AkSepa lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki isa dharma meM jitana bhI mRtyuvaraNa ke udAharaNa haiM, unameM se adhikatara uddezyapUrNa haiM; jaise-svarga prApti kA uddezya, kisI manobhAva se dUra hone kA uddezya to kisI roga se honevAle kaSToM se bacane kA uddezya hai, lekina bahuta se aise bhI udAharaNa haiM jinameM yaha spaSTa hai ki vyakti aise kisI uddezya ke vazIbhUta na hokara mAtra nirvANa prApti kI bhAvanA se hI AtmamaraNa kiyA hai| ata: ina udAharaNoM ko dekhate hue IsAI dharma ke mRtyuvaraNa ko mAtra uddezyaparaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| anta meM niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa aura IsAI
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________________ 39 samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ paramparA kA mRtyuvaraNa kucha arthoM meM, jaise-prakriyA ko lekara bhale hI kucha bhinna ho, lekina jahA~ taka bhAvanAoM aura paristhitiyoM kI bAta hai to donoM meM bahuta hI jyAdA samAnatA hai aura isase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sandarbha: w bh s >> :' upasarge durbhikSa jarasi rujAyAM ca ni:pratikAre / dharmAya tanuvimocanamAhuH sallekhanAmAryAH ||rtnkrnnddk zrAvakAcAra, 5/1 uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 7/2, 32. AugpaccakkhANaM (dasa payaNNA), gAthA 11, pR0- 5-6 , uvahI sarIragaM ceva, AhAraM ca cauvvihaM / / mahApratyAkhyAnaprakIrNakam (dasa payaNNA)9, tarudalamiva paripakvaM snehavihInaM pradIpamiva deham / svayameva vinAzonmukhamavabudhya karotu vidhimantyam / / upAsakAdhyayana, 891 gahanaM na zarIrasya hi visarjanaM kiM tu gahanamiha vRttm| tanna sthAsnu vinAzyaM na nazvaraM zocyamidamAhuH / vahI, 892. jJAnina bhaya bhavetkasmAt prApte mRtyu mahotsave / svarUpastha: puraMyAti dehIdehAMtara sthiti / / mRtyumahotsava, 3 jIrNa dehAdikaM sarvaM nUtanaM jAyate yata: / sa mRtyuH kiM na modAya satAM sAtotthitiyathA / / vahI, 8. vAsAMsi jIrNAni yathA vihAya navAni, gRhati naro'parANi / tathA zarIrANi vihAya jIrNAnyanyAni saMyAti navAni dehI / gItA, 2/22. khAmemi savvajIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu meM / mahApratyAkhyAnaprakIrNaka (dasa payannA), 7 / ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, pR0-226-228| tattvArthavArtika, 7/22. eva nANeNa caraNeNa, daMsaNeNa taveNa y| bhAvaNAhi ya suddhAhiM, sammaM bhAvettu appayaM / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 19/94. bahuyANi u vAsANi saamnnnnmnnupaaliyaa| mAsieNa u bhatteNa siddhiM patto aNuttaraM // vahI, 19/95. AgarbhA duHkha saMtaptaH prakSipto dehapaMjare / nAtmA vimucyate nyena mRtyubhUmipatiM binA / / mRtyumahotsava, 5. deha vinAsI maiM avinAsI apanI gati pkreNge| nAsI jAsI meM thiravAsI cokhe haiva nirakheMge / / marUdharakesarI abhinandana grantha, pR0-267. jaina AcAra, DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA, pR0- 120, 8. 10. 11. 13. 14.
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________________ 40 samAdhimaraNa 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 21. 02. 26. samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka kI prastAvanA, le0- DA0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, pR0-23. marUdhakesarI abhinandana grantha, pR0- 264. samyagkAyakaSAyalekhanA sllekhnaa| sarvArthasiddhi, 7/22:. saMskRta-hindI-koza, vAmana ApTe, pR0-882. AcArAMgasUtra, gAthA 235, 241, pR0- 291-296. yatsamyak pariNAmesu citasyAdhanamaJjasA / / mahApurANa, 21/226.20. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/3 vahI, 5/3,4,5. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, pR0- 75, anta kriyAdhikaraNaM tapaH phalaM sakaladarzinaH stuvate / tasmAdyAvadvibhavaM samAdhimaraNe prayatitavyam / / ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra .123. uttamalesAguNao paDivano uttamaM aTuM / / saMthArapaiNNayaM (dasa payannA) 22, pR0-60| saMthArA kyoM aura kaise, pR0-68. vahI, pR0-68. maraNasamAhIpaiNNaya (dasa payannA) 1, gAthA 37-39, pR0- 98. kAya: svastho'nuvartyaH syat pratikAryazca rogita: / upakAraM viparyasyaMstyAjya: sadbhiH khalo yathA / / dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 8/6 nAvazyaM nAzine hiMsyo dharmo dehAya kAmadaH / deho naSTo punarlabhyo, dharmastvatyantadurlabhaH / / vahI, 8/7 satphalaM prAptayate sadbhiH vratAyA saviDambanAt / tatphalaM sukha sAdhyaM syAtmRtyukAle samAdhinA / / mRtyumahotsava, 14. taptasya tapazcApi pAlitasya vratasya ca / paThitasya zrutasyApi phalaMmRtyuH samAdhinA / vahI, 16 maraNasyAniSTatvAt yathA vaNijo vividhapaNyadAnAdAnasaJcayaparasya svagRha- vinaasho'nissttH| taddhinAzakAraNe ca kutazcidupasthite yathAzakti prihrti| duSparihAre ca paNyavinAzo yathA na bhavati tathA ytte| evaM gRhastho'pi vratazIlapaNyasaMcaye pravartamAna: tadAzrayasya na paatmbhivaanchti| tadupaplavakAraNe copasthite svaguNA virodhena prihrti| duSparihAre ca yathA svaguNavinAzo na bhavati tathA prytt| sarvArthasiddhi,7/22 AgarbhA duHkha saMtaptaH prikSipto dehapaMjaro / nAtmA vimucyate nyena mRtyu bhUmipatiM binaa|| mRtyumahotsava,5. samAdhimaraNa bhAvanA, pR0- 8. dharmAmRta (saagr)| 8/27,28 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1995-2003. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/3 vahI, 5/18,25,32 32. 33. 34. 35. 37.
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________________ 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ mRtyumArge pravRttasya vItarAgo dadAtu me| samAdhi bodhipAtheyaM yAvan muktipurI puraH || samAdhi saptapadI, 1. vRthA saMkarajAtAnAM pravrajyAsu ca tiSThatAm / AtmanastyAginAM caiva nivartetodakakriyA || manusmRti, 5/89 sampA paM0 zrI haragovindazAstrI, caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI, 1965 / yamapurANa, 20/21 Adiparva, 19/20 uddhRta, dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga - 1, pR0 10. tato'gniM sa samAdhAya hutvA cAjyena mantravat / zarabhaGgo mahAtejAH praviveza hutAzanam // rAmA0 (araNya0) 5/38. dRSTametanmahAbAho kSayaM te romaharSaNam / lakSmaNena viyogazca tava rAma mahAyazaH // vahI - uttarakANDa, (106/8) tAM nadImAkulAvata sarvatrAnusarannRpaH / AgataH saprajo rAmastaM dezaM raghunandanaH / / vahI, 110 / 2 evaM vizeSa draSTavya- dI hisTrI oNpha susAiDa ina iNDiyA, pR0 - 52. tIrtha prakAza (vIramitrodayA) pR0 - 242-48, 342, 347, 372-73 tIrthasthalI setu, pR0290-316 tIrthavivecana kAMDam adhyAya 24 pR0 - 258 caturvidye ca yatpuNyaM satyavAdiSu caiva yata / snAta eva tadApnoti gaMgAyamunasaMgame // mahApathasya yAtrA ca karttavyAH tuhinopari / vanaparva, AzrityaM satyaM ca sadyaH svargapradA hi sA // brahmapurANa uddhRta tIrthavivecana kAMDama, pR0 - 258. se loesaNaM ca vittesaNaM ca pariinnAya gopaheNa gacchejjAM, No mahApaheNaM gacchejjA isibhAsiyAD, 12/1 sarasvatyuttare tIre yastyajedAtmanastanum / pRthUdake japyaparo nainaM zvomaraNaM tapet // zalyaparva, zarIramRtsRjet tatra vidhipUrvamanAzake / avaM jIvitaM jJAtvA yo vai vaidAntago dvijaH // - 85/85 39 / 33 41 anuzAsana parva, 25/63 evaM 25/64. aparAjitAM vAsthAya vrajeddizamajihmagaH / A nipAtAccharIrasya yukto vAryanilAzanaH // tIrthavivecanakAMDam pustaka ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para / agnipravezaM ye kuryura vimukte vidhAnataH / pravizanti sukhaM te mAM na punarbhAvino janAH // tIrthavivecana kAMDam, pR0-21 manusmRti, 6 / 31
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________________ samAdhimaraNa strIsahastrAkule ramye mandAkinyAstaTe zubha ... ..tata: svargAt paribhraSTA jmbuudviipptirbhvet...| vahI, pR0 - 138-139. baTamUlaM samAsAdya yastu prANAn parityajet / / sarvalokAnatikramya rUdralokaM sa gacchati / / vahI, pR0-142 agnipurANa, 111/13, vizeSa draSTavya-dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0- 1336. matsyapurANa, 76/75 avimuktaM prasAdena vimukto jAyate ytH| kAzI khaNDava, 77 zloka,-25 ughRta-kAzI mokSanirNaya, zivAnaMda sarasvatI, dharmasaMgha zikSA maNDala, durgAkuNDa vArANasI, pR0- 5 59. vArANasI tu bhuvanatrayasArabhUtAramyA sadA mama purI girijAputri atrAgatA vividhaduSkRta kAriNo'pi pApakSayA dvirajasa: pratibhAntimAH / matsyapurANa, 76/78. etatsmRtaM priyatam mama devi ! nityaM kSetraM vicitratarugalmalatAsu puSpam / astimbhRtAstanubhRta: padmApnuvAnta mUrkhAgamena rahitApi na sazayo'trA / vahI, 76/79 zizAnAle kSipeta kAyaM taM pAtaM bhairavapradam pataG godeyArtha pAtA vA''tmabhAtAvatA dvije tathA te phaladA: sarve kramato bhairavaM pradam bhavanAni vicitrANi asaMkhyeyAni saMkhyayA // zivapurANa, uddhRta tIrthavivecana kAMDam, pR0-262. 61. vRddhaH zaucasmRtelupta prtyaakhyaatbhisskrkriyH| AtmAnaM ghAtayedyastu bhRgvAnyanazanAmbubhiH // Atri smRti, 218. tathA ca braahmgrbhH| yo jIvitaM na zaknoti mahAvyAdhyupapIDita: .......? mahAprasthAna gamanaM jvlnaambuprveshnm| bhRgutanaM caiva vRthA necchattu jiivitum| apakarArka kI TippaNI, yAjJavalkya smRtiH, pR0- 536. AsAM maharSicaryANAM tyaktavA'nyatamayA tanum / vIta zokabhayo vipro brahmaloke mahIyate // manusmRti: 6/32: evaM, 6/17,31. 64. dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga-3, pR0-1333-34. 65. mRcchakaTika, 1/4 66. samyagvinItamatha varmaharaM kumAramAdizya rakSaNavidhau vidhivatprajAnAm / rogopasRSTatanudurvasatiM mumukSa: prAyopavezanamartinRpatirvabhUva / / raghuvaMza, 8/94, uddhRta The History of in india, P. 96. 67. zauryasatyavratadharo yaH prayAgagato ghane / ambhasIva karISAgnau magna: sa pUSpapUjita: / / vahI pR0-96 zrutyarthadharmavimukhAM sugatAM nihantum / / jAtam guham bhuvi bhavantamahainna jAnaH // vahI, pR0-91.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa aura anya dhArmika paramparAe~ 69. tIrthavivecana kAMDam, pR0 - 259, uddhRta vahI 0, pR0 - 96. 70. Epigraphic a of Indica XII p.-211 71. Ibid p-137. year - 55 72. Ibid. p.-200-201. year-29 Indian antiquities XII. pR0 159. jaina, bauddha, aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga- 2, pR0 439. AcArAMga 1/8/4/215, jai. bau. gI. A. da. tu. a. (bhAga-2) pR0 265 ratnakaraMDakazrAvakAcAra, 22 uddhRta - jai. bau. gI. A. da. tu. a. pR0 - 439. majjhimanikAya II 109, 78. dIrghanikAya II, 246 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 79. 81. 82. saMyuttanikAya (III), 120. 84. bhagavatIsUtra (ghAsIlAla jI), 85. theragAthA, 215. 86. 87. vahI, 121. 88. jAtakamAlA (i) 90. saddharmapuNDarIka, xxii Encyclopaedia of Religion & Ethics, xii, pR0 - 26 vahI, XII, pR0-26 93. vahI, pR0 26 89. 91. 92. 93. 94. 97 . 98. theragAthA, 77. 80. dhammapada, 381 saMyuttanikAya (III), 123, vizeSa draSTavya buddha-kathA, pR0-706. 83. theragAthA, 220 105. 106. 107. pR0-438-442 vahI, 164. vahI, 115. 99. 100. 101. Donne, Biathom to, p. 45. Motaign, Essays, II, 3. 102. 103. Wester Marck, Op. ii, pp. 215,53. 104. Ibid, p. 254. Wester Marck op, ii p. 254. T Principles of the Scotland Erskine Rankine, p. 559. History of the Criminal Law of England - Stephen, P. 104. The History of Suicide in India pR0 - 189. 95. saMyuttanikAya (III), 120-123. vahI, pR0 - 190 Encyclopaedia of Religion & Ethics Vol. Xii. P.30 Friends wait for God: when he shall give the signal and release from this service, then go to him........ Epicts, Dissert i, ix 16, for detailed study to see E.R.E., Vol. xii, p. 24 / St. Jerome, Commentari in Jonem I,p. 12. St. Augustine, De Civitate Dei, pp. 1, 16 Seq. / 43
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________________ 88 samAdhimagaNa 108. Metaphysics be Anfangungsgrundeder Tungendlebr chant. P. 73. 109. Introduction to the Wisdom of Life. Schopenhauer, P. 515. 110. The History of Suicide in India. p. 196. 111. Atma Marana (Suicide) may be demanded by a man's duit to his country or his friends or by Condition of surcro pain or of physical cisablement or incurable discase. 112. Encyclopacdia of Religion & Ethics.. Xii. P. 27. 113 Utopia By Thomas More. P. 45. 114. Commentari in Janam- St. Jerome. P. 12. 115. The History or Suicide in India, P. 196. 116. Letters Persanes. p. 76. 117. Commentaire sur be livre Das detits et des peines. P. 19. 118. Beccaria. Deidelitti.c delle penc. 35 (Opere, i. 101.) 119. Holbach, System de la nature. i. p. 369. The History of Suicide in India. p. 202. 121. EP. iii, 7: Vol. 24. iii 16. Historia Naturallis. ii 517) 120.
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________________ dvitIya adhyAya) samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya jaina sAhitya bhAratIya vAGmaya kA mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| prAcIna jaina sAhitya ardhamAgadhI, zaurasenI evaM mahArASTrI prAkRta meM racA gayA hai| Age calakara saMskRta apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI evaM hindI bhASA meM bhI vipula sAhitya kI racanA huI hai| udhara dakSiNa bhArata meM jainAcAryoM ne tamila aura kannar3a meM bhI paryApta grantha race haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM ina sabakI carcA to sambhava nahIM hai| ata: hama kevala unhIM granthoM para prakAza DAleMge jo mukhyataH samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA se sambandhita haiN| jaina sAhitya ke hama do bheda kara sakate haiM- (1) mahAvIra ke pUrva kA sAhitya aura (2) mahAvIra evaM unake paravartI AcAryoM kA saahity| mahAvIra ke pUrva jo jaina sAhitya racA gayA thA vaha yadyapi isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai, lekina usake race jAne ke pramANa avazya milate haiN| mahAvIra ke pUrva RSabha, neminAtha, ariSTanemi pArzva Adi jo tIrthaGkara hue the unakI dArzanika evaM AcAra sambandhI mAnyatAoM/upadezoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA thA / cU~ki ve mahAvIra ke pahale race (saMkalita) gae the, isI kAraNa unheM pUrva kahA jAtA hai| pUrva sAhitya ke granthoM kI saMkhyA caudaha mAnI jAtI hai|' mahAvIra ke yaga kA sAhitya vaha hai jisameM mahAvIra ke upadeza yA siddhAnta saMkalita kie gae haiN| mahAvIra ne apane dhArmika yA dArzanika siddhAntoM ko na to saMkalita kiyA aura na koI sAhityika rUpa hI pradAna kiyA, parantu mahAvIra ke pramukha ziSyoM tathA paravartI AcAryoM ne unake upadezoM ko saMkalita karake unheM eka sAhityika rUpa diyaa| racanAkAroM ke AdhAra para usa sAhitya ke nimnalikhita vibheda kie gae haiM (1) aMga-praviSTa - jinakI racanA (saMkalana) gaNadhara arthAt mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSyoM ke dvArA huii| (2) aMga-bAha - jinakI racanA anya AcAryoM dvArA huI / parantu samaya ke sAtha-sAtha dhIre-dhIre jaba yaha sAhitya naSTa hone lagA taba jaina zramaNoM (AcAryoM) ne tIna bAra mahAsammelana karake use punaH saMkalita kiyA aura use naSTa hone se bcaayaa| ye tInoM
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________________ samAdhimaraNa mahAsammelana'- ( 1 ) pATaliputra vAcanA, (2) mAthurI vAcanA aura (3) vallabhI vAcanA ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| 46 (1) pATaliputra vAcanA- prathama sammalena mahAvIra nirvANa ke lagabhaga 160 varSoM bAda IsA pUrva 367 I0 meM huA, jisameM gyAraha aMgoM kA saMkalana kiyA gyaa| (2) mAthurI vAcanA dvitIya sammelana mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 825 ke lagabhaga AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM huA, jisameM aMga-pravRSTa evaM aMga bAhya granthoM kA saMkalana smRti ke AdhAra para kiyA gyaa| isI samaya vallabhI meM bhI nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM eka vAcanA huI thii| (3) antima vallabhI vAcanA- mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 980 ke lagabhaga vallabhI meM tRtIya sammelana huA, jisameM vibhinna pAThAntaroM kA kevala eka samanvayAtmaka rUpa hI prastuta kiyA gayA, koI naI vAcanA nahIM jor3I gayI / jaina Agama sAhitya ke aMga, upAMga, cheda, mUla, prakIrNaka Adi vibhinna upavibhAga haiN| ina sabhI upavibhAgoM se sambandhita granthoM meM jainadharma ke dArzanika, naitika evaM dhArmika vicAra saMkalita haiM / Agama sAhitya ke atirikta jainAcAryoM ne anya granthoM kI bhI racanA kI haiN| ina samagra prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM nimnalikhita grantha samAzvimaraNa kI sAdhanA prara prakAza DAlate haiM- (1) AcArAMga, (2) sthAnAMga, (3) samavAyAMga, (4) upAsakadazAMga (5) antakRtzA, (6) anuttaropapAtikadazA, (7) uttarAdhyayana evaM (8) dazavaikAlika / inake atirikta zaurasenI prAkRta meM racita mUlAcAra meM samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA para paryApta vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| uparyukta prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM yathAprasaMga samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kI carcA huI hai, kintu kucha grantha aise bhI likhe gae haiM jo mukhyataH samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ko hI pratipAdita karate haiN| inameM nimna pramukha prAkRta grantha haiM - (1) AturapratyAkhyAna, (2) mahApratyAkhyAna, (3) maraNavibhatti, (4) bhaktaparijJA, (5) saMstAraka aura (6) bhagavatI ArAdhanA inake atirikta saMskRta bhASA meM racita nimna grantha bhI samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate haiM- (1) ArAdhanAsAra, ( 2 ) samAdhizataka, (3) ratnakaraMDaka zrAvakAcAra, (4) dharmAmRta (sAgAra), (5) upAsakAdhyayana Adi /
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya yahA~ hama ina sabhI granthoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke vivaraNa kisa rUpa meM upalabdha haiM, isa para saMkSipta carcA karegeM / (ka) prAkRta bhASA meM racita granthoM meM samAdhimaraNa AcArAMga vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki AcArAMga meM svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke vicAra saMkalita haiN| gaNadhara gautama ne ise sUtrabaddha kiyA thA aura isakI racanA sambhavata: IsA pUrva pA~cavIchaThI zatAbdI meM huI, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| dvAdazAMgI meM isakA prathama sthAna hai| yaha grantha do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita hai| donoM zrutaskandhoM ko milAkara isameM kula 25 adhyayana, 85 uddezaka aura 18 hajAra pada haiN| " prathama zrutaskandha meM 9 adhyAya evaM dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyAya haiN| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki prathama zrutaskandha dvitIya zrutaskandha kI apekSA adhika prAcIna hai| 47 AcArAMga meM mukhya rUpa se muni-dharma kA vivaraNa milatA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM samAdhimaraNa kI carcA hai| prathama zrutaskandha ke nau adhyAya isa prakAra haiM- prathama adhyAyazastraparijJA, dvitIya-lokavijaya, tRtIya- zItoSNIya, caturtha- samyaktva, paMcama - lokasAra, SaSTha- dyUta, saptama- mahAparijJA, aSTama-1 - vimokSa tathA navama upadhAnazruta / inameM se aSTama meM samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kI carcA hai| aSTama adhyayana vimokSa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| vimokSa kA artha parityAga karanA yA alaga ho jAnA hai| mukti yA nirvANa prApti ke lie karma kA nAza honA Avazyaka hai| karma ke nAza ke lie tyAga Avazyaka hai| isa adhyAya meM samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa aura usake tIna bheda--- (1) bhakta pratyAkhyAna, (2) iMginImaraNa aura (3) prAyopagamanamaraNa kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai| isake sAtha-sAtha isameM samAdhimaraNa kI tIna koTiyoM jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa kA vivaraNa bhI milatA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke lie saMyama, jJAna, dhairya aura nirmoha nAmaka cAra Avazyaka bAtoM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 7 sthAnAMga bAraha aMgoM meM sthAnAMga ko tRtIya aMga mAnA gayA hai| 'sthAna' aura 'aMga' ina do zabdoM se milakara banane ke kAraNa ise sthAnAMga kahA jAtA hai| eka se prastuta Agama meM
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________________ 48 samAdhimaraNa lekara dasa taka kI saMkhyA vAle padArthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| saMkhyA- krama se jIva, puTrala Adi kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| sthAnAMga dasa adhyayanoM meM vibhakta hai| pratyeka adhyayana meM pratyeka viSayoM kA varNana saMkhyA kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa prathama adhyayana meM pratyeka pratipAdya viSaya ke lie jahA~ eka saMkhyA kA prayoga milatA hai, vahIM dazama adhyayana meM dama saMkhyA. kaa| dvitIya adhyayana ke caturtha uddezaka meM samAdhimaraNa kI carcA milatI hai| isameM mRtya (maraNa) ke vividha prakAra, samAdhimaraNa ke do rUpa bhakta pratyAkhyAna aura prAyopagamanamaraNa kA vivaraNa upalabdha hai| maraNa ke vividha prakAroM kA varNana jor3e banAkara kiyA gayA hai, jaise- balanmaraNa-vazArtamaraNa, nidAnamaraNa-tadbhavamaraNa, giripatanamaraNa-tarupatanamaraNa, jalapravezamaraNa-agnipravezamaraNa, viSabhakSaNamaraNa-zasyAvapATanamaraNa, vaihAyasamaraNagiddhapaTThamaraNa yA gRddhaspRSTamaraNa, bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa- praayopgmnmrnn| bhaktapratyAkhyAna evaM prAyopagamanamaraNa ke nirdArima evaM ani rima do rUpoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga bAraha aMgoM meM samavAyAMga kA sthAna cauthA hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne isa Agama ko samavAya yA samavAo kahA hai| AcArya nemicandra ke anusAra isameM jIva Adi padArthoM kA sAdRzyasAmAnya se nirNaya liyA gayA hai| ataH isakA nAma 'samavAya' hai| samavAyAMga meM 100 samavAya haiN| isakA vartamAna upalabdha pATha 1667 zloka parimANa kA hai| samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa mukhyarUpa se sattarahaveM samavAya meM milatA hai| isa samavAya meM sattaraha prakAra ke asaMyamoM kA varNana karate hue maraNa ke sattaraha prakAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isI meM samAdhimaraNa kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| maraNa ke sattaraha prakAra nimna haiM: - (1) avIcimaraNa (2) avadhimaraNa, (3) AtyantikamaraNa, (4) valanmaraNa, (5) vazArtamaraNa, (6) antaHzalyamaraNa, (7) tadbhavamaraNa, (8) bAlamaraNa, (9) paMDitamaraNa, (10) bAla paMDitamaraNa, (11) chadmasthamaraNa, (12) kevalimaraNa, (13) vaihAyasamaraNa, (14) gRddhaspRSTamaraNa, (15) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, (16) iMginImaraNa, (17) pAdapopagamanamaraNA isa prakAra isa samavAya se maraNa ke vividha rUpoM ke svarUpa vidita ho jAte haiN|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya upAsakadazAMga upAsakadazAMga meM zrAvakoM ke AcaraNa evaM vratoM kA vivecana kathAnaka ke rUpa meM milatA hai| prastuta grantha aMgasUtroM meM ekamAtra aisA sUtra hai, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dasa zramaNopAsakoM ke jIvana kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai aura jinhoMne apane jIvana ke antima kSaNa meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| prastuta Agama daza adhyayanoM meM baMTA hai| pratyeka adhyayana meM eka-eka zramaNopAsaka ke jIvana-caritra kA varNana milatA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa prathama adhyayana meM Ananda', dvitIya adhyayana meM kAmadeva 6, tRtIya meM culanIpitA 7, caturtha meM surAdeva, paMcama meM calanIzataka', SaSTha meM kuMDakaulika ", saptama meM sakaDAlaputra, aSTama meM mahAzataka, navama meM nandinI pitA tathA dazama meM sAlihIpitA kI jIvana gAthA kA varNana hai| ina saboM meM unake samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane tathA una para honevAle upasargoM ke sahana karane kA varNana milatA hai| antakRtdazA isa Agama meM jIvana-maraNa ke du:khoM kA anta kara denevAle vyaktiyoM ke jIvana vRtta kA varNana milatA hai| isa grantha meM dasa adhyayana haiN| nandI meM isake ATa vargoM kA ullekha hai, jabaki samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyayana evaM sAta vargoM kA ullekha hai| prastuta Agama meM eka zrutaskandha tathA ATha varga haiM, jinameM kramaza: dasa, ATha, teraha, dasa-dasa, solaha, teraha aura dasa adhyayana haiN|27 chaThe, sAtaveM, AThaveM varga meM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna 39 ugra tapasviyoM evaM sAdhviyoM ke samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa milatA hai| sAtaveM, AThaveM varga meM samrATa zreNika kI nandA, nandavatI, nandottarA Adi mahArAniyoM ke samAdhimaraNa lene kA vivaraNa milanA 9 ___antakRtdazA para saMskRta meM do vRttiyA~ milatI haiM- eka AcArya abhayadeva sUri kI aura dUsarI AcArya ghAsIlAla jI kii| anuttaropapAtikadazA prastuta Agama dvAdazAMgI kA navAM aMga hai| isameM dasa adhyayana haiN| nandI meM isake tIna vargoM kA ullekha hai jabaki sthAnAMgarera meM kevala dasa adhyayana kA varNana hai| lekina samavAyAMga meM dasa adhyayana aura tIna varga ina donoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha Agama tIna vargoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM kramaza: 10, 13 aura 10 adhyayana haiN|
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________________ 50 samAdhimaraNa isa taraha yaha Agama kula 33 adhyayanoM meM vibhAjita hai| pratyeka adhyayana meM eka-eka mahAna AtmA kA varNana hai| prathama varga meM jAli, mayAlI, upajAli, puruSasena, vArisena, dIrghadanta, laSTadanta, vihalla, vehAyasa aura abhayakumAra ina dasa rAjakumAroM kA ullekha milatA hai / isameM ina kumAroM ke jIvana vRttAnta ke sAtha-sAtha unakI kaThora aura ugra sAdhanA kA vivecana bhI kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya varga meM dIrghasena, mahAsena, laSTadanta, gUr3hadanta, zuddhadanta, halla, druma, drumasena, mahAdrumasena, siMha, siMhasena, mahAsiMhasena aura puSpasena ke jIvana vRttAnta kA varNana kiyA gayA hai|" tRtIya varga meM dhanyakumAra, sunakSatrakumAra, RSidAsa, pellaka, rAmaputra, candrika, pRSTimAtrika, peDhAlaputra, poTTila aura vehalla Adi daza kumAroM kA ullekha hai| ina sabhI kumAroM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| uttarAdhyayana prAcIna jaina Agama sAhitya meM uttarAdhyayana kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kalpasUtra (146) ke anusAra isameM saMkalita upadeza zramaNa mahAvIra ke haiN| lekina kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra yaha mAtra mahAvIra ke upadeza kA saMkalana nahIM hai, balki anya AcAryoM evaM pratyeka buddhoM ke , upadeza bhI isameM saMkalita haiN| vastuta: uttarAdhyayana eka upadezAtmaka grantha hai| isameM dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, yoga Adi se sambandhita sabhI sAmagrI kI pracuratA hai| prastuta Agama meM 36 adhyayana haiM39 (1) vinaya-zruta, (2) pariSaha-pravibhakti, (3) caturaMgIya, (4) asaMskRta, (5) akAmamaraNIya, (6) kSullakanirgranthIya, (7) urabhrIya, (8) kApilIya, (9) namipravrajyA, (10) drumapatraka, (11) bahuzruta, (12) harikezIya, (13) citta-saMbhUtIya, (14) iSukArIya, (15) sabhikSuka, (16) brahmacarya-samAdhi-sthAna, (17) pApazramaNIya, (18) saMjayIya, (19) mRgAputrIya, (20) mahAnirgranthIya, (21) samudrapAlIya, (22) rathanemIya, (23) kezi-gautamIya, (24) pravacanamAtA, (25) yajJIya, (26) sAmAcArI, (27) khaluMkIya, (28) mokSamArga gati, (29) samyaktva-parAkrama, (30) tapomArga-gati, (31) caraNa-vidhi, (32) apramAda sthAna, (33) karmaprakRti, (34) lezyA, (35) anagAra-mArga-gati aura (36) jIvAjIva-vibhakti /
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya 51 pA~caveM adhyayana akAmamaraNIya evaM 36 chattIsaveM adhyayana jIvAjIvavibhakti meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| akAmamaraNIya meM sakAma yA paMDitamaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) tathA akAmamaraNa kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai" to jIvAjIvavibhakti meM utkRSTa, madhyama tathA jaghanya sallekhanA kA varNana hai| isake sAtha hI dvAdazavarSIya samAdhimaraNa kA bhI ullekha hai| " dazavaikAlika mUla AgamoM meM dazavaikAlika kA tIsarA sthAna hai| nandI meM Avazyaka vyatirikta ke kAlika evaM utkAlika ye do bheda kie gae haiN| dazavaikAlika kA utkAlika meM prathama sthAna hai| prastuta Agama meM dasa adhyayana haiM aura vikAla meM par3he jA sakate haiN| isI kAraNa isakA nAma dazavaikAlika hai| isake racayitA zayambhava haiM tathA racanA - kAla vIra saMvat 72 ke lagabhaga hai / 3 isake dUsare aura naveM adhyayana meM 4 uddezaka haiM, zeSa adhyayanoM meM uddezaka nahIM haiN| caturtha va navama adhyayana gadyAtmaka tathA padyAtmaka donoM rUpa meM haiN| zeSa sabhI adhyayana padyAtmaka haiN| kula padyoM kI saMkhyA 509 aura cUlikAoM kI 34 hai, jabaki cUrNiyAM meM padyoM kI saMkhyA 536 aura cUlikAoM kI 33 haiN|" prathama adhyayana meM drumapuSpika (dharmaprazaMsA), dvitIya meM zrAmaNyapUrvaka (saMyama aura usakI sAdhanA ), tRtIya meM kSullakAcAra, caturtha meM SaDjIvanikAya, paMcama meM piNDeSaNA, SaSTha meM mahAcAra kathA, saptama meM vAkyazuddhi, aSTama meM AcArapraNidhi, navama meM vinaya samAdhi evaM dazama meM bhikSuka ke lakSaNa evaM unakI arhatA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcAra praNidhi nAmaka aSTama adhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| isa adhyayana meM zramaNoM ko pAtra, kambala, zayyA, malamUtra tyAgane ke sthAna, saMthArA Asana ke pratilekhana kI vidhi se avagata karAyA gayA hai| unheM sabhI prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahana karane kA sandeza diyA gayA hai tathA apane kaSAyoM ko alpa karake samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| mUlAcAra mUlAcAra acela munidharma ke pratipAdaka zAstroM meM prAcIna evaM prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai| mUlAcAra ke racayitA kauna haiM yaha eka vivAdAspada prazna hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra mUlAcAra ke racayitA kundakundAcArya *" haiM to kucha ke anusAra vaTTakerAcArya haiN|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa racayitA ko lekara vivAda kA jo bhI viSaya rahA ho adhikatara vidvAnoM ne isake racayitA vaTTakerAcArya ko hI mAnA hai| sampUrNa grantha bAraha adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai-(1) mUlaguNa, (2) bRhatpratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava, (3) saMkSepapratyAkhyAna, (4) samAcAra, (5) paMcAcAra, (6) piNDarAddhi, (7) SaDAvazyaka, (8) dvAdazAnuprekSA, (9) anagArabhAvanA, (10) samayasAra, (11) zIlagaNa aura (12) pryaapti| bRhatpratyAkhyAnasaMstarastava nAmaka adhikAra meM samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa milatA hai| isameM maraNa ke tIna bhedoM- bAlamaraNa, bAlapaMDitamaraNa aura paMDitamaraNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisameM samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa, samAdhimaraNa ke prati kSapaka kA utsAha, usakI pAtratA, Adi viSayoM para vistRta vivaraNa hai| samAdhimaraNa ke mahatva ko dikhAne hue use nirvANa-dvAra kahA gayA hai|" mukhya rUpa se samAdhimaraNa para carcA karanevAle prAkRta grantha AturapratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka AturapratyAkhyAna prakIrNaka antakAla prakIrNaka yA bRhadAturapratyAkhyAna ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| prAkRta meM ise AurapaccakkhANa paiNNaya kahate haiN| isake racayitA vIrabhadra haiN|" yadyapi isa prakIrNaka meM gAthAoM kI kula saMkhyA mAtra 71 hai, tathApi yaha samAdhimaraNa kI carcA ke lie pUrNa hai| isameM mRtyu ke do svarUpa bAlamaraNa evaM paMDitamaraNa para vistAra se varNana milanA hai| paMDitamaraNa kI prApti ke lie 63 prakAra kI sAdhanA kA ullekha hai| isameM bAlamaraNa ke svarUpa, doSa Adi kA bhI vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai|" samAdhimaraNa ke mahattva para prakAza DAlate hue use mokSa prApti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| isameM bAlapaMDitamaraNa kA bhI varNana milatA hai| isa grantha ke anusAra bAlamaraNa karane vAlA jIva saMsAra cakra meM par3a jAtA hai, jabaki paMDitamaraNa karanevAlA jIva saMsAra ke bhavacakra se chUTa jAtA hai arthAt mokSa prApta kara letA hai| mahApaccakkhANa mahApaccakkhANa yA mahApratyAkhyAna 142 gAthAoM kA choTA sA grantha hai| sampUrNa gAthAoM meM pratyAkhyAna (tyAga) para bala diyA gayA hai| pratyAkhyAna para bala dene
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya 53 ke kAraNa isakI sabhI gAthAe~ kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita haiN| pa isameM paMDitamaraNa", saMsAraparibhramaNa, paJcamahAvrata, vairAgya". vyutsarga", paMDitamaraNa, bAlamaraNa", ekatvabhAvanA, Adi kA vivecana jAgatika sambandhoM kI saMyogikatA N, mamatva-tyAga, nindA - AlocanA, AlocanAphala", bhAvanAzuddhi, niveda Adi viSayoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| 3 isameM pratyAkhyAna ke mahattva kA nirUpaNa bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki isake samyak pAlana se siddhi (mukti) kI prApti hotI hai / 18 pratyAkhyAna yA tyAga se tAtparya samAdhimaraNa se hI hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa bhI eka prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna hI hai| maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka maraNatibhakti ko maraNasamAdhi nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isameM kula 661 gAthAeM haiN| lekina devendramuni jI kA mAnanA hai ki isameM kula gAthAeM 663 haiM tathA isakI racanA nimnalikhita ATha zrutagranthoM ko AdhAra banAkara kI gaI hai 9 (1) maraNavibhakti, (2) maraNavizodhi, (3) maraNasamAdhi, (4) sallekhanA zruta, (5) bhaktaparijJA, (6) AturapratyAkhyAna, (7) mahApratyAkhyAna aura (8) ArAdhanA / 69 J isa prakIrNaka meM maraNavidhi, ArAdhanA, paMDitamaraNa 2, sazalyamaraNaniH zalyamaraNa", saMkliSTa bhAvanA74, asaMkliSTa bhAvanA 55 zuddha viveka 6, bAlamaraNa', abhyuddatamaraNa, AcAryapadamUla 59, bAhya Abhyantara sallekhanA '", paMcamahAvrata', vyutsarga^2, ArAdhanAbheda evaM phalara, parISahasahana4, mamatvatyAga" bAraha bhAvanA, pAdapopagamana samAdhimaraNa lenevAloM ke kathAnaka Adi kA ullekha hai| " samAdhimaraNa kA vivecana caudaha adhikAra - sUtroM kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai| inameM se kucha haiM-- AlocanA, sallekhanA, kSamApanA, kAla, utsarga, udgrAsa, saMthArA, nisarga, vairAgya, mokSa Adi / 9 isameM sanatakumAra", gajasukumAla, skandaka ziSya 92 Adi pramukha vyaktiyoM ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka bhattapariNNApaiNNaya yA bhaktaparijJA prakIrNaka meM gAthAoM kI kula saMkhyA 173 hai| yaha vIrabhadra dvArA racita hai| isa grantha meM abhyudyatamaraNa, usake bheda94, guru95, muni 96,
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________________ 54 samAdhimaraNa Adi ke kAryoM kA vivaraNa, paMcamahAvrata, pariSahasahana 8 evaM isa maraNa ke mahattva9 para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake sAtha-sAtha jJAna ke mahattva10deg evaM azAzvata sukha 1 Adi kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM abhyadyatamaraNa ke tIna bheda-bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, iMginImaraNa tathA prAyopagamanamaraNa kA ullekha hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa ke do bheda-savicAra evaM avicAra kA bhI varNana milatA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kA vistArapUrvaka vivecana karate hue isakI mahattA para bhI prakaza DAlA gayA hai| isameM likhA hai ki vyakti sAdhanAkrama ke anusAra hI phala pAtA hai, yathA102 - jaghanya sAdhaka saudharma devaloka ko prApta karatA hai, utkRSTa sAdhaka acyuta kalpa meM utpanna hotA hai tathA zramaNa mokSa prApta karatA hai| saMstAraka prakIrNaka saMthAragapaiNNaya yA saMstAraka prakIrNaka meM 122 gAthAe~ haiN| isakI sabhI gAthAe~ samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kA ullekha karatI haiN| isa prakIrNaka meM samAdhimaraNa kA svarUpa103, usake lAbha evaM sukha 04, samAdhimaraNa lenevAle vyaktiyoM ke udAharaNa.5, saMthAre para ArUr3ha vyakti ke mana meM uThanevAle bhAvoM 06 kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai|smaadhimrnn ko sarvazreSTha vrata kahA gayA hai tathA isakI tulanA saMsAra kI sarvazreSTha vastuoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa- jisa taraha parvatoM meM zreSTha meru parvata, tAroM meM zreSTha candra, samudroM meM svayaMbhUramaNa (samudra vizeSa) hai usI prakAra sabhI vratoM meM sarvazreSTha samAdhimaraNa vrata hai|107 . isameM una mahAna AtmAoM kA bhI varNana hai, jinhoMne samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyA thaa| unameM pramukha haiM- arNikAputra 108, gajasukomala RSi:09, avanti 5", cANakya511, amRtaghoSa 12, cilAtiputra 12 aadi| bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhagavatI ArAdhanA ko "mUlArAdhanA" bhI kahA jAtA hai| isake racayitA AcArya zivArya haiN| isameM kula gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 2164 hai| samAdhimaraNa para likhA gayA yaha sabase bar3A grantha hai| isameM ArAdhanA, maraNa ke vividha prakAra, samAdhimaraNa evaM usake tIna bhedoM bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, iMginImaraNa, prAyopagamanamaraNa, bAraha anuprekSAe~ tathA samAdhimaraNa
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya lenevAle vyaktiyoM ke nAmoM para vistArapUrvaka vivecana milatA hai| ArAdhanA kI carcA karate hae isakI upayogitA, pratijJA, svarUpa, bheda Adi kA vistRta ullekha hai| 114 maraNa ke sattaraha prakAra115 jaise avIcImaraNa, tadbhavamaraNa, avadhimaraNa, vaihAyasamaraNa, pRSThamaraNa, bAlamaraNa, paNDitamaraNa, bAlapaNDitamaraNa, paNDitapaNDitamaraNa Adi kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kA vistRta vivecana hai| ise avicAra evaM savicAra do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai tathA savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kA ullekha cAlIsa adhikAra-sUtroM kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai|116 upasarga sahana karate hue jina vyaktiyoM ne samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyA thA, unakA bhI ullekha hai| inameM se kucha ke nAma isa prakAra haiM117- dharmasiMha, RSabhasena, jayasena, thakatAla, sukumAla, gajakumAra, sukauzala aadi| isameM yathAsthAna kaSAya kSINa karanevAlI sAdhanA Asrava, nirjarA, narakagati vedanA, tathA mokSa Adi viSayoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai|118 (ga) samAdhimaraNa ko prakAzita karane vAle saMskRta grantha ArAdhanAsAra isake racayitA AcArya devasena haiN| isameM kula 115 gAthAe~ haiN|119 jinameM dArzanArAdhanA, jJAnArAdhanA, cAritrArAdhanA aura tapArAdhanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI isameM parISaha evaM upasargoM ko sahana karate hae vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke dvArA lie gae samAdhimaraNa kA bhI varNana milatA hai| pramukha vyaktiyoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM120- zivabhUti, sukomala, gurudatta, pANDava, gajakumAra aadi| isameM samAdhimaraNa lene kI yogya avasthA kA vistRta vivecana hai| samAdhimaraNa lene kI mukhya avasthA hai 121- atyadhika vRddhAvasthA, jIrNa-zIrNa kAyA, acAnaka mRtyu kA prasaMga upasthita honA aadi| ina avasthAoM meM samAdhimaraNa karane se vyakti nirvANa prApta kara letA hai| isameM yaha bhI likhA huA hai ki vyakti ko samAdhimaraNa karane se pUrva apane kaSAya ko alpa kara lenA cAhie, kyoMki alpa kaSAya se yukta vyakti ke mana kI caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai tathA usake mana meM kisI taraha kA kSobha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| vaha zubhadhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai tathA mokSa pada kI prApti karatA hai| 122 isa prakAra yaha grantha mukhya rUpa se ArAdhanA para bala dete hue ArAdhanA ke dvArA
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________________ 56 hI samAdhimaraNa karane para jora detA hai| samAdhizataka samAdhimaraNa samAdhizataka grantha ke racayitA zrI pUjyapAda svAmI haiN| isa grantha meM 105 zloka haiN|123 ye sabhI zloka AtmakalyANakArI haiN| isa grantha meM AkulatAoM se bacane ke lie AtmAnubhava, AtmadhyAna evaM AtmasamAdhi ke abhyAsa para bala dete hue zarIra para se mamatvabhAva haTAne kA nirdeza milatA hai| sAtha hI bAhya AkulatAoM para vijaya pAne ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke tapI kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 124 isameM samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa usake aticAroM kA bhI vivaraNa milatA hai| prastuta kRti para tIna TIkAe~ evaM eka vRtti upalabdha hotI hai| TIkAkAra evaM vRttikAra ke anukrama se nAma haiM 126 - prabhAcandra, parvatadharma, yazacandra tathA meghacandra | nyAyAcArya zrI yazovijaya jI ne bhI gujarAtI bhASA meM samAdhizataka likhA hai| ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra isake racayitA svAmI samantabhadra haiN| ise ratnakaraNDaka upAsakAdhyayana yA samIcIna dharmazAstra ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| isameM kula 150 gAthAe~ (zloka) haiN| 27 mUla grantha sAta adhikAroM meM ba~TA hai- 128 (1) samyagdarzana, (2) samyagjJAna, (3) aNuvrata, (4) guNavrata, (5) zikSAvrata, (6) sallekhanAvrata aura (7) prtimaavrt| isake SaSThAdhikAra meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| isameM samAdhimaraNa (sallekhanA) ke svarUpa, vidhi, phala (mahattva ), mokSa, svargAdi vaibhava kA svarUpa tathA samAdhimaraNa ke aticAroM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 129 isameM batAyA gayA hai ki vyakti upasarga, durbhikSa, duSkAla, atyadhika vRddhAvasthA Adi meM agara samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAga karatA hai to use nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai / lekina vyakti ko samAdhimaraNa kA yaha vrata apane kaSAyoM ko alpa karake grahaNa karanA cAhie tathA mana meM kisI taraha ke sAMsArika bhAvoM ko sthAna nahIM denA caahie| dharmAmRta (sAgAra) dharmAmRta (sAgAra) ke racayitA paM0 AzAdhara jI haiN| sAgAra kA artha hotA hai -
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________________ samAdhimagNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya gRhasthA gRhasthAzrama meM rahate hue bhI vyakti mokSa yA nirvANa kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai isI kA vivaraNa isameM milatA hai|" yaha ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM gRhastha ke lakSaNa spaSTa kiye gaye haiN| gRhastha ko AhAra, bhaya, maithuna evaM parigraharUpI jvara se pIr3ita batAyA gayA hai|31 dvitIya adhyAya meM anujJA, aSTamUla, madya, mAMsa, AhAra niyama tathA isI taraha kI anya jaina zikSAoM kA ullekha hai|132 tRtIya adhyAya se saptama adhyAya taka naiSThika zrAvaka kA varNana hai| ina adhyAyoM meM naiSThika ke bheda, gyAraha pratimA, bAraha vrata, zrAvakoM kI dinacaryA Adi kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| aSTama adhyAya meM samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa, vidhi, yogya sthAna, yogya saMstara, samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM antara, kArya evaM kaSAya ko kSINa karanevAlI sAdhanA kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| AhAratyAga evaM vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kA Alambana, samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka AcAra va usake aticAra, mahattva tathA samAdhimaraNa kI pUraka sAdhanAoM kA bhI vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai|534 5. upAsakAdhyayana upAsakAdhyayana meM somadeva sUrikRta yazastilakaDeantima tIna AzvAsa haiN| svayaM somadeva ne isakA nAmakaraNa upAsakAdhyayana kiyA hai| yadyapi upAsakAdhyayana yazastilaka kA hI eka aMza hai tathApi yaha eka svatantra grantha hai|135 / / upAsakAdhyayana 46 kalpoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama kalpa siddhAnta bodha, dvitIya AtmasvarUpa mImAMsA, tRtIya Agama padArtha parIkSaNa tathA caturtha mUr3hatAmanthana kA ullekha karatA hai| bAda ke 16 kalpoM meM samyagdarzana ke ATha aMgoM tathA aMjana kumAra, vajra kumAra jaise muniyoM ke kathAnaka kA ullekha hai| 22veM se 25veM taka ke cAra kalpoM meM madya, mAMsa, madhu ke doSoM kA varNana milatA hai| 26 se 32 taka ke sAta kalpoM meM pA~ca aNuvratoM kA vivaraNa hai| isI prakAra 34 veM meM sAmAyika zikSA, 35veM meM samaya sAmAcAra-vidhi, 36veM meM pUjana-vidhi, 37 veM meM stavana-vidhi, 38 veM meM japa-vidhi, 39 veM meM dhyAna-vidhi, 40 veM meM zrutArAdhanA-vidhi, 41 veM meM proSadhopavAsa-vidhi, 42 veM meM bhogopabhoga vrata, 43 veM meM dAna-vidhi, 44 veM meM gyAraha pratimA, 45veM meM samAdhimaraNa tathA 46 veM meM jaina siddhAnta se sambandhita kucha anya bAtoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa isake 45 veM kalpa meM samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi, usake aticAra, upavAsa, kArya evaM kaSAyoM ko kRza karane ke upAyoM kA varNana milatA hai / 136 sandarbha : 58 2. 3. 4. TA * 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. o wr 14. 16. 18. 20. 22. 24. 26. 27. 29. 30. 31. sarvazrutAt pUrvaM kriyate iti pUrvANi, utpAdapUrvA'dIbhi caturdazaH / taM samavAo duvihaM paNNataM taM jahA - aMgapaviTThe aMgabAhiraM ca / prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0-36-39. AcArAMga: eka anuzIlana, pR0 - 6. vahI, pR0- 6 AcArAMgasUtra (prathama zrutaskandha) saMpA0- madhukara muni, pR0 - 239 / vahI, pR0 - 278, 290, 294. sthAnAMgasUtra, pR0 29. vahI, prathama se dasa sthAna vahI, 2/4/411-416 vahIM, AtmAdayo bhAvA atrideyatA yasminnasau samavAya iti / samavAyAMga vRtti, patra - 1 gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa), jIvaprabodhinI TIkA, gAthA - 356. sattarasavihe maraNe pate / taM jahA - avIImaraNa, ohimaraNe AyaMtiyamaraNe balAyamaraNe vasaTTamaraNe aMtosallamaraNe tabbhavamaraNe bAlamaraNe paMDitamaraNe bAlapaMDitamaraNe chaumatthamaraNe kevalimaraNe vehANasamaraNe giddhapiTThamaraNe bhattapaccakkhANa iMgiNimaraNe paaovgmnnmrnne| sama0 sU0, 17 / 121, pR0-53 uvAsagadasAo, pR0 - 9. pR0-82-84 15. vahI, pR0 2-4 17. vahI, pR0-102-104. 19. vahI, pR0-122-123 29. vahIM, pR0 137-140. 23. vahI, pR0 186-188. aTThavaggA- nandIsUtra, 88. vahI, vahI, pR0 116-117. pR0 128-129 pR0 167-170. vahI, pR0 189-191 25. dasa ajjhayaNA sata vaggA samavAyAMga prakIrNaka, sama0 sU0 96. 28. vahI, pR0 - 28. vahIM, sthAnAMgavRtti, 10/1 antakRtdazAsUtra, pR0 - 24. vahI, pR0 - 30-31. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, tiNNivaggA- nandIsUtra, 89 32. nandIsUtra, pR0 160. pR0-713. sthAnAMga - 10/114.
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________________ 33. 34. 36. 37. 38. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 51. 53. 55. 57. 59. 61. 63. 65. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 73. 75. 77. samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya dasa ajjhayaNA tiNNivaggA.... samavAo paiNNa, samavAo, 97 anuttaropapAtikasUtram, pR0-6. 35. vahI, pR0 - 7. vahI, pR0 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sampA0 - sAdhvI candanA, antara ke bola, pR0- 2 vahI, prastAvanA pR0 -5. 39. vahI, prathama se chattIsa adhyayana / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/2, 3, 4/21, 28/32. vahIM, 36 / 251-255. se kiM taM ukkAliaM ? ukkAliaM aNegavihaM paNNattaM taM jahA- dasave AliyaM nandIsUtra, 801 dasave AliyaM, vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI, pR0 - 28. jaina Agama sAhitya: manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 - 311. mUlAcAra (pUrvArddha) - Adya-upodghAta, pR0 18. vahI, pR- 18, vi0 dra0 - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-4, pR0-269. bhAratIya saMsakRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, hIrAlAla jaina, pR0 - 10, pR0 - 591. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, mUlAcAra (pUrvArddha), gAthA 92 -107. AurapaccakkhANapaiNNayaM, maMgalAcaraNa se vahI, gAthA 11 vahIM, 48-71 vahI, 68-70 vahI, 135-136 vahI, 121-125. vahI, 41-50. vahI, 13 - 16. vahI, 9-11. vahI, 14-15. vahI, 51-52. vahI, 66-67. vahI, 78-80. 50. vahI, 37-47 52. vahI, 1-9 54. vahI, 41-50 56. vahI, 68-76 58. 60. 62. vahI, 16 64. vahI, 8 66. vahI, 35-36 vahI, 30. vahI, 37 40, 51-67. eyaM paccakkhANaM aNupAleUNa suvihio sammaM / mANio va devo havijja ahavAvi sijjhijjA | jaina Agama sAhitya: manana aura mImAMsA, pR0 - 395. maraNavibhattipaiNNayaM gAthA 10 - 13. vahI, 111-112 vahI, 90 92 59 72. vahI, 22-44. 74. vahI, 59-65. 76. vahI, 70-77. vahI, 84-92. 78.
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________________ 60 101. 102. samAdhimaraNa 79. vahI, 177-188. 81. vahI, 258- 269. 83. vahI, 318-324. 85. vahI, 402-405. 87. vahI, 525-550. 89. vahI, 81-82. 91. vahI, 432-433. 93. bhattapariNNA paiNNayaM, 5-9. 95. vahI, 12-19, 24-28, 29-33, 53-153. vahI, 12-19, 24-28, 29-33, 53-153. 97. vahI, 34-37. 96. 99. vahIM, 189-209. vahI, 297-302. vahI, 366-385. 80. 82. 84. 86. vahI, 570 640. 88. vahI, vahI, 90. 92. vahI, 444. 94. vahI, 9. vahI, 172 - 173. vahI, 5. pariNAmavisuddhIe sohamme suravaro mahiDDIo ArAhiUNa jAyai bhattaparitraM jahannaM so / ukkoseNa gihattho accuyakappammi jAyae amro| nivvANasuhaM pAvai sAhU savvasiddhiM vA // saMthAragapaiNNayaM, gAthA, 31-43. 98. vahI, 156-171 100. vahI, 3-4 406-525. 409-412. 103. 104. vahI, 44-55. 105. vahI, 56-87. 106. vahI, 81-122. 107. meru vva pavvayANaM, sayaMbhuramaNu vva ceva udAharaNaM / caMdo iva tArANaM, taha saMthAro suvihiyANaM | vahI, 30. 108. vahI, 56-57. 109. vahI, 86-87. 111. vahI, 73-74. 113. vahI, 85. 110. vahI, 65-74. 112. vahI, 75-76. 114. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA, 1-46. 115. vahI, 25-28 117. vahI, 2067 2070, 2155-56. 118. 120. 121. vahIM, 116. vahI, 6.4-2023 vahI, 2162 evaM Age bhI. 119. ArAdhanAsAra, sampAdakIya, bR0- 5. vahI, viSaya sUcI. yAvatsvasthamidaM kalevaragRhaM yAvacca dUre jarA / yAvacceMndriyazaktirapratihatA yAvatkSayo . 170-171. nAyuSaH // Atmazreyasi tAvadeva viduSA kAryaH prayatno mahAn / saMdIpte bhavane ca kUpakhananaM pratyudyamaH kIdRzaH // vahI, pR0- 58.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina sAhitya 61 122. sallehiyA sallekhitAH saMnyastAH parityaktA: kasAyA kaSAyAH muNiNo munermahAtmanaH cittasaMkhohaM cittasaMkSobhaM manovikSepaM Na karaMti na kurvanti citakkhoheNaviNA cittakSobheNa vinA manovikSeparAhityena uttamaM parama-koTimAruDhaM dhamma dharmasvarUpasvabhAvaM pratipadyate sa kaSAyasaMnyAsI muni: prApnoti // ArAdhanAsAra, pR0-69-70 123. samAdhizataka, pR0-156. 124. vahI, pR0-156-161. 125. na jAnanti zarIrANi sukhaduHkhAnyabuddhayaH / nigrahAnugrahadhiyaM tathApyatraiva kurvate / / vahI, 61 / AtmanyevAtmadhIranyAM zarIragatimAtmanaH / manyate nirbhayaM tyaktatvA vastraM vastrAMtaragraham / vahI, 77. 126. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0-258 127. ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, anu0- patrAlAla vasanta, prastavAnA, pR0-9| 128. vahI, prathama se saptama adhikAra. 12.9. vahI, 5/1,3-12. 130. dharmAmRta (sAgAra), saMpA0 - anu0-kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, pradhAna sampAdakIya, pR0-5. 131. vahI, 1/2 132. vahI, dvitIya adhyAya (smpuurnn)| 133. vahI, tRtIya adhyAya se saptama adhyAya ke anusAra / 134. vahI. pradhAna sampAdakIya / 135. iyatA granthena mayA proktaM caritaM yazodharanRpasya / ita uttaraM tu vakSye zrutapaThittamupAsakAdhyayanam ||yshstilk, 5/155, vizeSa draSTavya-upAsakAdhyayana, paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prastAvanA, pR0- 1. 136. vahI, kalpa 45 ke AdhAra para. upavAsAdibhiraGge kaSAyadoSe ca bodhibhAvanayA / kRtasallekhanakarmA prAyAya yateta gaNamadhye / / vahI, 896.
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________________ tRtIya adhyAya samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa mRtyu kI aparihAryatA janma aura mRtyu jIvana rUpI zRMkhalA ke do chora haiN| janma jIvana kA eka zarIra prArambha hai to mRtyu usa zarIra meM usakI samApti kA sUcaka / janma kI antima pariNati mRtyu meM hai| janma ke sAtha mRtyu anivArya rUpa se jur3I hai| jo janma letA hai usakI mRtyu avazya hotI hai| agara jIne kA apanA mUlya hai to marane kA bhI apanA alaga mUlya hai| jIvana meM saMyoga kA sukha hai isa kAraNa jInA acchA lagatA hai, jabaki mRtyu meM viyoga kA duHkha hai, ata: vaha acchI nahIM lagatI hai| phira bhI mRtyu kI anivAryatA yA aparihAryatA se koI inkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai / mRtyu aparihArya hai| ise spaSTa karate hue AcArAMga se kahA gayA hai mRtyu anAgama (nahIM AnA) nahIM hai|' mRtyu avazya hI AyegI / yaha avazyaMbhAvI yoga hai, aparihArya sthiti hai| lAkha prayatna karane para bhI isase bacA nahIM jA sakatA / tAtparya yaha hai ki mRtyu prANI kI eka vivazatA hai| vaha janmA hai, isalie use maranA bhI hogaa| yahI dhruva satya hai| isI bAta ko gItAkAra ne spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki mRtyu nizcita hai arthAt jo janmA hai, vaha nizcacita hI mregaa| ataH maranA nizcita hI hai to isa nizci mRtyu se bhaya kaisA? parantu vyakti isase bhayabhIta rahatA hai aura AnevAlI apanI sambhAvita mRtyu se bacane kA prayatna karatA rahatA hai, parantu usama saphala nahIM ho pAtA hai| ko sAdhAraNataH dekhA jAtA hai ki vyakti apanI mRtyu se bacane ke lie nAnA prakAra ke upAyoM kA sahArA letA hai| lekina vaha mRtyu ke hAthoM se nahIM baca pAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti jIvana bhara dhana Adi kA saMgraha karatA rahatA hai tathA apanI mRtyu dUra karane ke upAyoM kI khoja meM lagA rahatA hai| isa krama meM vaha nAnA prakAra ke acchebure karmoM kA sampAdana karatA rahatA hai| kabhI vaha acche va zubha karmoM kA sampAdana karatA hai to kabhI bure karmoM kaa| lekina usake ye sabhI prayatna antataH vyartha ho jAte haiM aura usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| ataH aisA vizvAsapUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki koI bhI janma lene vAlA prANI mRtyu se nahIM baca sakatA hai cAhe vaha isase bacane ke lie kitanA bhI prayatna
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 63 kara le| sUtrakRtAMga meM ise spaSTa karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra tAla (tAr3a) kA phala bandha se chUTakara nIce gira par3atA hai, usI prakAra AyuSya kSINa hone para pratyeka prANI jIvana se cyuta ho jAtA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA ke anusAra thAvaccAputra ke mana meM jaba vairAgya utpanna hotA hai| taba usakI mAtA dhana-vaibhava, sage-sambandhiyoM kA pralobhana dekara dIkSA na grahaNa karane kA Agraha karatI hai, kintu thAvaccAputra para usake anunaya-vinaya kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| vaha apane nizcaya para aTala rahatA hai| taba icchA na hote hue bhI mAtA ne thAvaccAputra bAlaka kA niSkramaNa svIkAra kara liyA arthAt dIkSA kI anumati de dii| tatpazcAt thAvaccAputra kI mAtA zrIkRSNa ke pAsa gaI aura unase anurodha kiyA ki he devAnupriya! maiM apane ekalaute putra kA niSkramaNa satkAra karanA cAhatI hU~, ata: Apa pravrajyA aMgIkAra karane vAle thAvaccAputra ke lie chatra, mukuTa aura cAmara pradAna kareM, yahI merI abhilASA hai| isa para zrIkRSNa ne thAvaccAputra ke saMyama kI parIkSA lenI cAhI aura usase kahA ki tuma apanA vairAgya kA yaha nizcaya chor3a do tathA sAMsArika upabhogoM kA bhoga kro| maiM (zrIkRSNa) tumheM sabhI kaSToM se bcaauuNgaa| unake aisA kahane para thAvaccAputra ne zrIkRSNa se pUchA ki kyA Apa mere jIvana kA anta karanevAle Ate hue maraNa ko roka sakate haiM agara Apa aisA kara sake to maiM ApakI bAta mAna lNgaa|6/thaavccaaputr ke aisA pUchane para zrIkRSNa ne kahA maraNa kA ullaMghana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI ke dvArA bhI usakA nidAna sambhava nahIM hai arthAt mRtyu anivArya hai| praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA huA hai ki pratyeka prANI kI mRtyu anivArya hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra jIva janma letA hai aura apane karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai, navIna karmoM kA upArjana karatA hai aura anta meM mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| kahane kA tAtparya hai ki pratyeka vyakti ke lie mRtyu eka anivArya evaM aparihArya tathya hai| isase koI kabhI nahIM baca sakatA hai| ina jaina sAhityoM ke atirikta brAhmaNa paramparA se sambandhita kaI dharma granthoM meM bhI mRtyu kI aparihAryatA kA vizada varNana milatA hai| mArkaNDeyapurANa meM mRtyu kI carcA karate hue likhA gayA hai - jIva kI utpatti garbha meM hotI hai, phira vaha garbha se nikalakara vRddhi karatA hai aura anta meM mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai arthAt janma lene ke bAda mRtyu anivArya hai, aparihArya hai| padmapurANa ke anusAra jIva nirantara janma letA evaM maratA rahatA hai| 11 puna: isI meM kahA gayA hai ki mAnava zarIra pA~ca . tattvoM se milakara banA hai aura anta meM jarjarita hokara mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai|12 janma lenA, vRddhi karake yauvanAvasthA ko prApta karanA usake bAda hrAsa karate hue vRddhAvasthA ko
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________________ 64 samAdhimaraNa prApta karanA aura aMta meM mRtyu ko prApta karanA yahI krama anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai| isa krama ko tor3a pAnA yA isase mukta ho jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| pAzcAtya vicArakoM meM jaikyUja korona (Jacques Choron) kA nAma mRtyu sambandhI adhyayanoM ke lie vikhyAta hai| inhoMne manuSya aura mRtyu ke sambandhoM para AdhArita eka pustaka (Death and Modern Man) likhA hai, jisake anusAra sabhI jIva maraNazIla hai|12 mRtyu se bacanA saMbhava nahIM hai| vijamaina ne janma aura mRtyu ko do bhinna prakriyA mAnA hai| jahA~ janma jIvana kA prArambha hai vahIM mRtyu usa jIvana kA aNt| mRtyu jIvana ke samAna hI upayogI aura anivArya hai| apane mata ke samarthana meM inhoMne yaha tarka prastuta kiyA hai ki jIvana ke lie mRtyu prAkRtika rUpa se anivArya hai evaM mRtya jIvana ke anta yA tyAga kA nAma nahIM hai|14 __ pAzcAtya vicArakoM meM klAiDa varnArDa (Clayde Bernard) kA nAma mRtyu aura jIvana ke adhyayana ke sAtha vyApaka rUpa se jur3A huA hai| inhoMne isa viSaya para bar3I gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA hai| apane adhyayana ke sAra rUpa meM mRtyu aura jIvana meM sambandha sthApita karate hue inhoMne kahA hai ki jIvana mRtyu se anivArya rUpa se jur3I hai|'' tAtparya yaha hai ki mRtyu jIvana kI aparihArya AvazyakatA hai| mRtyu ke binA jIvana kI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka jIva apanI sthiti meM nirantara parivartana karatA rahatA hai| vaha niraMtara jIvana se mRtyu kI ora agrasara hotA rahatA hai aura anta meM mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai|16 ___mi0 kairela (Carrel) ne mRtyu kI anivAryatA para prakAza DAlate hue likhA hai ki vyakti mRtyu ke paMje se kabhI nahIM baca sakatA hai| inake anusAra mRtyu kA kAraNa cAhe bAhya ho yA Antarika, cAhe vaha jIvana se jur3A ho yA bAhya Akasmika ghaTanAoM se, vyakti jaba taka jIvana se jur3A huA hai, vaha mRtyu se nahIM baca sakatA hai| vaha mRtyu para. kabhI bhI vijaya nahIM prApta kara sakatA hai| vyakti apanI sabhI caittasika lakSaNoM, yathAgatizIlatA, caMcalatA, sundaratA, kurUpatA, lobha, duHkha-sukha, mAyA, moha Adi kA mUlya jIvanatyAga karake cukAtA hai| vyakti ke ye sabhI lakSaNa usakI mRtyu ke sAtha samApta ho jAte haiN| viliyama zarlAka ke anusAra mRtyu sabhI duHkhoM kA rAjA hai|18 vyakti sAdhAraNa du:khoM se DarA sahamA rahatA hai| mRtyu to du:khoM kA rAjA hai, ata: vyakti isase aura jyAdA bhayabhIta rahatA hai| mRtyu ke kAraNa Darate rahanA mRtyu kI upasthiti kA bodhaka hai| mRtyu vyakti ke jIvana kA anta kara detI hai aura jIvana kA anta sAmAnya rUpa se kisI ko grAhya nahIM hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mRtyu se vyakti DaratA hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa arahenvarga ke anusAra mRtyu vyakti dvArA svayaM utpanna kI jAtI hai| inake anusAra mRtyu eka mahAna vipatti hai jo prakRti aura jIvoM ke paraspara TakarAva se utpanna hotI hai| isa prakAra mRtyu eka prakriyA hai jo jIvoM dvArA svayaM hI utpanna kI jAtI hai / prakRti se TakarAva kA artha hai prAkRtika zaktiyoM ke viruddha kArya karanA aura naSTa-bhraSTa ho jaanaa| udAharaNasvarUpa agni dvArA jahA~ hama bahuta se apane kAryoM ko pUrA karate haiM, vahIM agara dahakatI huI agni kI bhaTTI yA dAvAnala jaisI kisI cIja meM kUda jAyeM, to jalakara mRtyu ho jAtI hai| yadyapi yaha pratyeka sthiti meM nahIM hotA hai, lekina jIva aura prakRti meM TakarAva ke isa taraha ke anya kaI udAharaNa mila jAte haiN| pro0 luDaviga Ara0 mUlara (Ludhig R. Muller)" ke anusAra manuSya jaba taka jIvita rahatA hai, mRtyu ke kAraNa DarA aura sahamA rahatA hai| isI taraha ke vicAra DaoN0 phreMka (Frank) ke bhI haiN| DaoN0 phreMka likhate haiM ki mRtyu se DaranA mAnava jIvana kI anivArya pratikriyA hai| thaoNmasa ekvinoM (Thomas Aquino) ke anusAra vyakti mRtyu se dUra rahanA cAhatA hai aura usake bAre meM socakara udAsa ho jAtA hai| ina sabhI vidvAnoM ke anusAra vyakti mRtyu se DaratA hai, lekina vaha kyoM mRtyu se DaratA hai isa para agara vicAra kareM to hama pAyeMge ki pratyeka prANI mRtyu ko duHkha rUpa mAnatA hai| vaha ise jIvana ko anta karane vAlI prakriyA ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mRtyu kI avadhAraNA use duHkha aura udAsa kara detI hai| lekina usake duHkhI aura udAsa hone se mRtyu usake pAsa se nahIM haTatI hai| kabhI na kabhI vaha usake jIvana kA anta avazya kara detI hai| I0 eca0 konela (E. H.Connel) ke anusAra mAnava jIvana kA anta anivArya hai aura jIvana kA yaha anta mRtyu ke rUpa meM hotA hai| 2 tAtparya yahI hai ki mRtyu aparihArya hai, isase nahIM bacA jA sakatA hai| DaoN0 pradyumna ke anusAra mRtyu avazyaMbhAvI hai| saMsAra meM jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI taraha se gaktiyoM kI mRtyu hotI hai| lekina ina donoM kI mRtyu meM buniyAdI antara hotA hai| nI 'mRtyu anivArya hai' isa avadhAraNA ko samajhakara mRtyuvaraNa (icchApUrvaka) karake mRtyuMjayI hotA hai, vahIM ajJAnI mRtyu se bacane ke lie chaTapaTAtA hai aura duHkha kA bhAgI banatA hai| mRtyu jIva ke astitva kI eka atyanta vAstavika sthiti hai| mRtyukAla Ane para jIva sva meM vilIna hone para vivaza ho jAtA hai| isI kSaNa use spaSTa hotA hai ki sva hI usakA apanA aura asalI sahacara hai aura jise vaha anta taka apanA kahatA AyA thA vaha para hai, kyoMki anta samaya meM usane merA sAtha chor3a diyaa| jIvana bhara vyakti usI 'para' kI cAkarI meM lagA rahatA hai, lekina mRtyu kI belA meM jaba 'para' kA varcasva cUka
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________________ samAdhimaraNa jAtA hai usa samaya jIva ke sAmane riktatA aura andhakAra kA pAmrAjya vyApta ho jAtA hai| usase bacane ke lie vaha nAnA upAya karatA hai, yathA-saMgIta sunanA, vyApAra karanA, dhana saMgraha karanA, yuddha karanA aadi| vaha apane maulika svarUpa ko bhUlane ke lie satat prayatnazIla rahatA hai, lekina usake bacAva ke sAre prayAsa nirarthaka ho jAte haiM aura anta meM usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai|25 mRtyu eka gaharI suraMga hai jisameM andhakAra hai, durgandha hai aura eka gambhIra sannATA hai| hameM usI rAste se gujaranA hai jisameM hamArI vAsanAoM kI preta chAyAe~, dabI haI mahattvAkAMkSAoM kI jIvita zava yAtrAeM, khaNDita vyaktitva kI TUTatI ulkAe~, kAla bhairava kI dahakatI jvAlAe~ hamArI pratIkSA meM khar3I haiN| yahI hamArA sahI parivAra hai, jisakI hamane barAbara upekSA kI hai, isase bacane ke lie hamezA bhAgate phire haiM, lekina isase bacanA sambhava nahIM hai| mRtyubodha ko sahI rUpa meM samajhakara hama palAyanavAdI rAstA chor3a sakate haiM arthAt mRtyu kI anivAryatA ko samajhakara vyakti ko jIvana aura mRtya donoM paristhitiyoM meM samAna bhAva banAe rakhanA caahie|26 yahA~ vidvAn lekhaka ne mRtyu kI anivAryatA para apane vicAroM ke pradarzana ke sAtha-sAtha zAMtipUrNa mRtyu prApta karane kA sandeza bhI sAmAnya jana ko diyA hai| kAkA kAlelakara ne apane cintana meM jIvana aura mRtyu ko eka samAna sthAna diyA hai| mRtyu ko unhoMne jIvana ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai| unake anusAra jIvana aura mRtyu dina aura rAta ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra dina ke bAda rAta aura rAta ke bAda dina ke Ane kA krama calatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra jIvana aura mRtyu kA krama nirantara calatA rahatA hai| mRtyu aura jIvana ke krama ke AdhAra para Apane mRtyu ko jIvana ke lie eka zAzvata kAraNa mAnA hai| Apa kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra thakA mAMdA majadUra vizrAma cAhatA hai, pakA huA phala jamIna para girakara nayI yAtrA zurU karane ke lie vRkSa se alaga hotA hai, usI taraha jIva (vyakti) bhI jIvana-yAtrA kAyama rakhane ke lie mRtyu prApta karatA hai|27 mRtyu Izvara pradatta eka varadAna hai| agara mRtyu nahIM hotI to kyA hotA? isakI kalpanA hI bhayAvaha hai| ananta kAla taka sirpha jIte hI rahanA par3atA to isase hama hairAna ho jAte, parezAna ho jaate| kahIM na kahIM to jIvana kA anta honA caahie| agara jIvana kA kahIM anta nahIM hotA to hamArI sthiti lokakathA ke usa rAjA ke samAna hotI jisane apanA rAjya apane kAraNa khoyA thaa| kathA kucha isa prakAra hai-kisI rAjA kI pratijJA thI ki jo bhI kahAnIkAra use aisI kahAnI sunAe jisakA kabhI bhI anta nahIM ho to vaha apanA rAjya usa kahAnIkAra ko sauMpa degA, anyathA kahAnIkAra ko apane jIvana se hAtha
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________________ 67 samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa dhonA pdd'egaa| eka kahAnIkAra ne rAjA ko anAja ke godAma kI kahAnI sunAnA prArambha kiyaa| usane varSoM taka eka TiDDI dvArA eka anna ke dAne ko godAma se bAhara lAne tathA punaH dUsarI TiDDI dvArA anna ke dUsare dAne bAhara lAne kA zabda duharAnA prArambha kiyaa| antataH rAjA kahAnIkAra ko apanA rAjya sauMpa diyA aura TiDDI dala tathA anAja ke godAma se apanA pIchA chudd'aayaa| lekina yahA~ isa bAta se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjA ke dimAga meM bahuta samaya taka TiDDI dala aura anAja ke godAma kI gUMja gUMjatI rahI hogii| isI taraha yadi hamAre sAmane bhI anantakAla taka jIne kI samasyA upasthita ho jAe to hama bhI usa rAjA kI taraha apanA sarvasva dekara mRtyu kI kAmanA karane lgeNge| mRtyu Avazyaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha hamAre lie upayogI bhI hai| kyoMki mRtyu ke . kAraNa hI vizva meM janma-maraNa kA cakra nirvina calatA rahatA hai| yadi mRtyu nahIM hotI to vizva meM nae-nae prANiyoM kA janma bhI nahIM hotaa| mRtyu ke kAraNa hI saMsAra ke sabhI kArya ThIka DhaMga se kriyAnvita hote haiN| mRtyu sabhI kA parama mitra hai| yaha kabhI kisI ko nirAza nahIM karatI hai| yaha vyakti ko sabhI prakAra ke du:khoM se mukti dilAtI hai| kavivara ravindra ke anusAra mRtyu jIvana se utanA hI sambandhita hai jitanA janma se| janma agara jIvana prabhAta hai to mRtyu jIvana kI shaam|28 vAlsa vhAiTamaina ke anusAra mRtyu se adhika sundara koI ghaTanA nahIM hai| vAlsa mRtyu para apanI TippaNI karate hue likhate haiM ki mRtyu se DaranA vyartha hai, kyoMki yaha to jIvana kA eka sarvocca sAhasika abhiyAna hai|29 jina likhate haiM ki mRtyu se bacA nahIM jA sakatA, kyoMki jIvana ke madhya bhI hama mRtyu meM hI hote haiN|30 gAMdhI jI ke anusAra mRtyu meM kisI taraha kA AtaMka nahIM hotA hai, balki mRtyu to eka prasannatApUrNa nidrA hai jisake pazcAt jAgaraNa kA Agamana hotA hai|31 vijJAna ke anusAra mRtyu anivArya tathya hai| vijJAna kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI jIvoM kA zarIra kozikAoM (Cells) se banA hotA hai| kozikAoM meM vibhinna taraha kI kriyAoM tathA vibhAjana evaM vRddhi hone ke kAraNa jIvoM kA zarIra nirmita hotA hai| kozikAoM kA eka sImA taka vibhAjana honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki kozikAeM vibhAjita hokara anya kozikAoM kA nirmANa karatI haiM, isase jIvoM ke zarIra ke aMgoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| lekina kozikAoM kA yaha vibhAjana tIvratA se tathA nirdhArita sImA se adhika hone lagatA hai to vaha jIva kI mRtyu kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai|32 jIvadhAriyoM kA yaha zarIra vibhinna prakAra ke jaTila bhautika evaM rAsAyanika padArthoM se milakara banatA hai| isameM gati, cetanA, vRddhi, Adi caittasikaguNa pAe jAte haiN|33 jeviyara vAceTa (Xavier Wachet) ke anusAra
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________________ 68 samAdhimaraNa jIvadhAriyoM ke ye caittasika gaNa eka sAtha milakara yA alaga-alaga mRtyu ko Ane se rokate rahate haiN| lekina mRtyu phira bhI A hI jAtI hai aura yaha jIvadhAriyoM ke jIvana kA anta kara detI hai| jarmanI ke jIvavijJAna ke pro0 agasta vIjamaina (August Weismann) ne mRtyu para gaharAI se adhyayana kiyA hai| apane adhyayana ke uparAnta ve likhate haiM ki mRtyu sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kA guNa hai aura yaha jIvadhAriyoM ke jIvana kA anta karanevAlI eka prakriyA hai| apanI vArtA ke krama meM ve punaH likhate haiM ki bahuta se choTe-choTe jIva jo sAdhAraNa dhRla, Aga, pAnI, havA meM naSTa ho jAnevAle hote haiM, anukUla paristhitiyoM meM lambe samaya taka jIvita rahate haiM aura jIvana kI sabhI Avazyaka kriyAoM kA sampAdana ThIka se karane rahate haiM, lekina eka nizcita samaya ke bAda ve naSTa ho jAte haiN| arthAt unakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| ve punaH likhate haiM ki mRtyu jIvana ke lie prAthamika AvazyakatA bhale hI nahIM ho parantu yaha goNa yA dvitIya AvazyakatA avazya hai|" jIvana aura maraNa ke cakra ko sadaiva pravartita hote rahane ke lie mRtyu kA honA aparihArya hai, kyoMki isa saMsAra meM jIva janma hI lete rahe aura usakI mRtyu nahIM ho to sRSTi kA yaha cakra ruka jaayegaa| janasaMkhyA itanI adhika ho jAegI ki jIvana jInA dRbhara ho jaayegaa| jIvanayApana ke sAdhana bhI upalabdha nahIM ho skeNge| sukhopabhoga ke sAdhana ke lie chInA-jhaparTI hogii| isa saMsAra meM cAroM ora arAjakatA kA rAjya kAyama ho jAyegA, mRtyu kA bhaya samApta ho jAyegA aura koI bhI bare karmoM se nahIM ddregaa| acche karma tathA zubha vicAra lopa ho jAyeMge, kyoMki aisI mAnyatA hai ki vyakti mRtyu ke bhaya se hI acche karmoM kA sampAdana tathA mana meM zubha vicAroM kA cintana karatA hai| yaha to mAnI haI bAta hai ki janma lenevAlA jIva kabhI na kabhI to mRtya ko prApta avazya karatA hai| vyakti kA zarIra, sabhI indriyA~ Adi padgaloM ke piNDakoza haiN| isameM sar3ana-galana kI prakriyA anivArya rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| zarIra kramaza: jIrNa-zIrNa hotA jAtA hai aura eka kSaNa aisA AtA hai ki jIva kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki jIvoM kA zarIra pA~ca bhautika tattvoM ke saMyoga se banA hai| kabhI na kabhI to tattvoM ke isa saMyoga meM viyoga hogaa| jisa kSaNa bhI isakA viyoga hotA hai usI kSaNa vyakti yA jIva kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| darzanazAstra jahA~ zarIra kI racanA ko pA~ca tattvoM kA saMyoga mAnatA hai, vahIM vijJAna bhI zarIra ko bhinna-bhinna bhautika evaM rAsAyanika tattvoM se milakara banA mAnatA hai| vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra ina tattvoM meM eka santulana banA rahatA hai| ina tattvoM ke santulana meM jaba kisI taraha kA badalAva hotA hai to eka prakAra kA vikSobha utpanna hotA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa hai| yadyapi zarIra isa santulana ko banAe rakhane kA prayAsa karatA hai, lekina jaba vikSobha jyAdA ho jAtA hai aura zarIra tattvoM ke saMyoga ke santulana ko kAyama nahIM rakha pAtA hai, usI kSaNa usa zarIradhArI jIva kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| tattvoM meM yaha asantulana kabhI na kabhI avazya utpanna hotA hai| isa rUpa meM mRtyu kA honA bhI avazyaMbhAvI hai| saMsAra kI bhautika vastuoM kA jisa taraha se nAza hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra se bhautika tattvoM se nirmita jIvoM ke zarIra kA bhI nAza hotA rahatA hai| sAMsArika padArthoM kI utpatti aura vinAza kA krama nirbAdha gati se calatA rahatA hai| isI taraha se janma-maraNa kA bhI krama apanI nirbAdhatA ko banAe rakhatA hai arthAt mRtyu aparihArya hai| mRtyu kI aparihAryatA ko jAnakara vyakti ko apane zarIra, dhana-sampatti Adi se jo mamatva hai usakA tyAga kara denA caahie| use apanA jIvana nirlipta bhAva se vyatIta karanA caahie| apane mana meM aisA vicAra karanA cAhie ki saMsAra kI sabhI vastueM nazvara haiM, koI bhI vastu anAdi va zAzvata nahIM hai| kabhI na kabhI unakA vinAza hogA hii| yaha kabhI bhI kisI ke pAsa sthAyI rUpa se nahIM raha sakatA hai| ata: azAzvata, chUTa jAnevAlI vastu se kisI prakAra kA moha karanA vyartha hai| vyAvahArika rUpa meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki jo vastu chUTanevAlI hotI hai, apane pAsa nahIM raha sakatI hai usake prati vyakti moha nahIM rakhatA hai| ata: vyakti ko aisA vicAra karake jIvanamRtyu ke bhaya se mukta hokara jIvanayApana karanA caahie| agara vaha nirliptatA kA bhAva rakha letA hai to jIvana-maraNa ke prati use sukha-duHkha kA bodha hI nahIM rahatA hai| maraNa ke vividha prakAra janma aura maraNa do aise viSaya haiM jina para anAdikAla se hI cintana kiyA jA rahA hai| vibhinna jainagranthoM meM mRtyu ke svarUpa para vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hai| mRtyu ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue unameM isake vibhinna prakAroM para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yahA~ hama jainagranthoM ke AdhAra para maraNa ke vibhinna prakAroM kA ullekha kreNge| uttarAdhyayana meM maraNa ke do prakAroM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| ve do prakAra haiM(1) akAmamaraNa aura (2) skaammrnn| akAmamaraNa - ajJAnatAvaza viSaya-vAsanAoM va bhogoM meM rata rahanA, dharma kA ullaMghana kara adharma ko svIkAra karanA tathA mithyA jagata ko satya samajhakara hamezA mRtyu ke bhaya se bhayabhIta rahanA Adi guNa bAlajIva ke haiN| ina jIvoM ke maraNa ko hI akAmamaraNa yA bAlamaraNa kahA jAtA hai| bAla zabda kA artha mUrkha, mUr3ha Adi hotA hai| mRtyu kI zAzvata
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________________ samAdhimaraNa satyatA ko jAnate hue bhI mRtyu ke upasthita hone para use asvIkAra karanA hI bAlamaraNa (akAmamaraNa) hai| yahA~ akAma zabda uddezyahIna kA bodhaka mAnA gayA hai| sakAmamaraNa - sakAmamaraNa kA sAmAnya artha hotA hai kAmanA sahita mrnn| kintu yahA~ sakAma zabda kA yaha artha abhISTa nahIM hai| yahA~ sakAma zabda kA artha haiuddezyapUrvaka yA sAdhanApUrvaka mRtyu kA vrnn| isameM mRtyu kA varaNa samabhAvapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| mRtyu ke samaya vyakti kisI prakAra kA pramAda nahIM karatA hai, apitu usakI AtmA jAgrata evaM sajaga rahatI hai| yaha maraNa paMDita jIvoM ko prApta hotA hai| isa kAraNa ise paMDitamaraNa bhI kahA jAtA hai| paMDita zabda kA artha jJAnI, satya ko samajhanevAlA Adi se hai| mUlAcAra- meM AcArya vaTTakera ne maraNa ke vividha rUpoM para prakAza DAlA hai| unake anusAra mukhyarUpa se maraNa ke tIna bheda haiM37- (1) bAlamaraNa, (2) bAlapaMDitamaraNa aura (3) pNdditmrnn| bAlamaraNa- asaMyata samyagdRSTi jIva ko bAla kahA jAtA hai| aise bAla jIvoM kA maraNa bAlamaraNa kahalAtA hai| bAlapaMDitamaraNa - saMyatAsaMyata jIva bAlapaMDita kahe jAte haiN| ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata nahIM rahane ke kAraNa ye bAla haiM tathA dvIndriya jIvoM kI hiMsA se alaga rahane ke kAraNa ye paMDita kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra ke jIvoM ke maraNa ko bAlapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| paMDitamaraNa - paMDitoM kA maraNa arthAt dehatyAga athavA zarIra kA anyathArUpa honA paMDitamaraNa hai, isake dvArA kevala zuddha jJAna ke dhAraka kevalI bhagavAn saMyatamaraNa karate haiN| yahA~ saMyata zabda se chaThe se lekara caudahaveM guNasthAna taka saMyata vivakSita hai| yadyapi kevalI bhagavAna ke maraNa ko paMDita paMDitamaraNa kahate haiM, kintu yahA~ para paMDitamaraNa meM hI usakA antarbhAva kara liyA gayA hai, kyoMki saMyama ke svAmI meM sAmAnyata: bheda nahIM hai| cUMki saMyata jIva paMDita kahe jAte haiM, ata: saMyata jIvoM kA jo maraNa hotA hai, vaha paNDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai| yaha maraNa "kevala zuddha jJAna" ke dhAraka kevalI bhagavAna karate haiM, kyoMki kevalI bhagavAn sabhI taraha ke jJAna se pUrNa hote haiN| paMDita zabda yahA~ jJAnI ke lie hI prayukta huA hai| samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka meM maraNa ke sAta prakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai38 - (1) bAla-bAlamaraNa, (2) bAlamaraNa, (3) bAlapaNDitamaraNa, (4) bhaktapratyAkhyAna
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 71 paNDitamaraNa (5) iMginIpaMDitamaraNa, (6) prAyopagamana paMDitamaraNa tathA (7) pNdditpNdditmrnn| inameM bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iMginI aura prayopagamana ye tIna paNDitamaraNa ke prakAra haiN| (1) bAla-bAlamaraNa- yaha maraNa mithyAdRSTi jIva ko hotA hai| mithyAdRSTi kA artha hotA hai sAMsArika jIvana ko satya maannaa| isa maraNa ke kAraNa hI jIvoM ke janmamaraNa kI zrRMkhalA bar3hatI hai| ye bAlajIva pA~ca prakAra ke hote haiM39 - (ka) avyakta bAla - isa taraha ke bAla jIvoM kA zarIra dharma, artha, kAmAdi puruSArthoM ko karane meM asamartha hotA hai| vastuta: ye avikasita jIva hote haiN| (kha) vyavahAra bAla - aise bAla jIva laukika evaM zAstrIya vyavahAra ko nahIM jAnate haiN| (ga) darzana bAla - aise bAla jIva tattva zraddhAn se rahita mithyAdRSTi hote haiN| (gha) jJAna bAla- aise bAla jIva bheda-vijJAna yA samyagjJAna se rahita hote haiN| (Ga) cAritra bAla - aise bAla jIva samyak-cAritra se rahita arthAt avratI hote haiN| (2) bAlamaraNa- ve jIva jo samyagdarzana se to yukta haiM, parantu samyak-cAritra se yukta nahIM hote haiN| aise avirata samyagdRSTi jIva ke maraNa ko bAlamaraNa kahate haiN| samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka meM bAlamaraNa kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai vaha uttarAdhyayana se bhinna pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki uttarAdhyayana meM pUrNata: bAla jIva ke maraNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jabaki samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka meM bAlamaraNa pUrNa ajJAnI jIva kA nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ jIva ko samyagdarzana se yukta mAnA gayA hai, lekina samyak-cAritra se bhrsstt| (3) bAlapaMDitamaraNa 1 - dezavratoM ke dhAraka zrAvakoM ko bAlapaNDita kahA jAtA hai| aise zrAvaka samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna kI apekSA jJAnI haiM, lekina unakA cAritra aNuvrata rUpa hone se alpa yA bAla hI hotA hai| ata: aise bAlapaNDita jIvoM ke maraNa ko hI bAlapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| (4) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa 2 - cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karake prANa tyAgane ko bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahate haiM / isa maraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA jIva (bahudhA paMDita jIva) mRtyu kI pratIkSA kAla meM apane zarIra kI dekhabhAla svayaM bhI karatA hai aura dUsaroM ke dvArA bhI karavAtA hai yA karavA sakatA hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa 13 (5) iMginImaraNa 3 - isameM bhI AhAra tyAgakara prANa- visarjana kiyA jAtA hai| lekina isa maraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA jIva apane zarIra kI sevA svayaM karatA hai, dUsaroM se nahIM karavAtA hai| 72 (6) prAyo (pAdo) pagamanamaraNa" isa maraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA jIva apanI sabhI kriyAoM kA nirodha karake acala bhAva se eka sthAna para avasthita rahakara apane prANa kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha na to svayaM apane zarIra kI sevA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se hI karavAtA hai| - (7) paNDita - paNDitamaraNa 5 - kevala jJAniyoM arthAt vItarAga evaM sarvajJa ke maraNa ko paMDita - paMDitamaraNa kahA jAtA hai| paMDita paMDitamaraNa jIva eka hI bAra karatA hai, kyoMki isake pazcAt vaha janma-maraNa kI paramparA se mukta ho jAtA hai / samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka meM varNita ina sAta prakAra ke maraNoM meM se bAla-bAlamaraNa aura bAlamaraNa ko azubha mAnA gayA hai / bAlapaMDitamaraNa, paMDitamaraNa evaM isake tIna bhedoM tathA paMDita-paMDitamaraNa ko zubha mAnA gayA hai| ina zubha maraNoM meM paMDita - paMDitamaraNa parama zubha hai, paMDitamaraNa madhyama koTi kA zubha hai, jabaki bAlapaMDitamaraNa jaghanya zubha hai| isa taraha se isa grantha meM uttama zubha, madhyama zubha tathA jaghanyazubha ke rUpa meM maraNa ke vibheda kie gaye haiM / granthakAra ne maraNa ke ina tIna bhedoM dvArA vyakti ko paMDitamaraNa nAmaka zubha maraNa prApta karane kA parAmarza diyA hai| * 46 47 vyAkhyAprajJapti evaM sthAnAMga meM prArambha meM maraNa ke do vibheda kie gae haiM, tatpazcAt punaH unakA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| isa sabhI vibhAjanoM ko jor3ane para donoM AgamoM meM maraNa ke kula prakAroM kI saMkhyA caudaha ho jAtI hai / vyAkhyAprajJapti meM maraNa ke do bheda haiM" bAlamaraNa aura paMDitamaraNa, jabaki sthAnAMga ke anusAra maraNa ke do prakAra haiM49- aprazastamaraNa aura prazastamaraNa / punaH bAlamaraNa evaM aprazastamaraNa ke bAraha-bAhara prakAra batAe gae haiM tathA paMDita evaM prazasta maraNa ke do prkaar| isa prakAra bhagavatI evaM sthAnAMga meM maraNa ke caudaha bheda milate haiN| uttarAdhyayananiyukti kI vyAkhyA ke anukrama meM zAntAcArya ne bAlamaraNa ke 12 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo nimna haiM (ka) aprazasta maraNa- yaha maraNa kaSAya (tIvra) ke Aveza meM hotA hai| isake bAraha prakAra haiM
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________________ 73 samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa (1) balanmaraNa- pariSahoM se pIr3ita hone para saMyama tyAga karake mrnaa| (2) vazArtamaraNa - indriya-viSayoM ke vazIbhUta hokara mrnaa| (3) nidAnamaraNa -bhAvI jIvana meM dhana, vaibhava, bhoga Adi kI prApti kI icchA rakhate hue mrnaa| (4) tadbhavamaraNa - marakara usI bhava meM puna: utpanna honA aura mrnaa| (5) giripatanamaraNa- parvata se girakara mrnaa| (6) tarupatanamaraNa - vRkSa se girakara mrnaa| (7) jalapravezamaraNa- nadI meM bahakara yA jala meM DUbakara maranA ! (8) agnipravezamaraNa - Aga meM jhulasakara mrnaa| (9) viSabhakSaNamaraNa - viSapAna karake maranA / (10) zasyAvapATanamaraNa - zastra kI sahAyatA se mrnaa| (11) vaihAyasamaraNa - phAMsI kI rassI meM jhUlakara mrnaa| (12) giddhapaTTha yA gRddhaspRSTamaraNa - vizAlakAya mRta pazu ke zarIra meM praveza karake mrnaa| (kha) prazasta maraNa - tIvra kaSAya ke Aveza se rahita hokara tathA samabhAvapUrvaka maraNa prApta karanA prazastamaraNa kahalAtA hai| isake do bheda haiM-52 (1) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa - bhakta-pAna (AhAra-jala) kA krama se tyAga karate hue samAdhipUrvaka prANatyAga karane ko bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahate haiN| isa maraNa meM vyakti dUsaroM dvArA kI gaI vaiyAvRtya ko svIkAra karane ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM bhI apane zarIra kI dekhabhAla karatA hai| (2) prAyopagamanamaraNa - kaTe hue vRkSa ke samAna nizceSTa par3e rahakara prANatyAga ne ko prAyopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN| isa maraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA vyakti na to svayaM apanI vaiyAvRtya (sevA -suzruSA) karatA hai aura na kisI anya se karavAtA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna evaM prAyopagamana donoM hI prakAra ke maraNa ko uttama mAnA gayA hai|
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________________ 74 samAdhimaraNa ina donoM hI prakAra ke maraNa ke nirdArima evaM anirima jaise do upavibhAga haiN|53 ni rimamaraNa sthAna se mRta zarIra ko bAhara le jAnA yA haTA denaa| ani rima- maraNa sthAna se mRta zarIra ko bAhara nahIM lAnA, use vahIM par3e rahane denaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM samavAyAMga tathA digambara (yApanIya) paramparA meM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM maraNa ke vividha prakAra kA ullekha milatA hai| donoM hI paramparAoM se sambandhita granthoM meM maraNa ke sattaraha-sattaraha prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra54- (1) avIcimaraNa, (2) avadhimaraNa, (3) AtyantikamaraNa, (4) balanmaraNa, (5) vazArttamaraNa, (6) antaH zalyamaraNa, (7) tadbhavamaraNa, (8) bAlamaraNa, (9) paMDitamaraNa, (10) bAlapaMDitamaraNa (11) chadmasthamaraNa, (12) kevalImaraNa, (13) vaihAyasamaraNa (14) gRddhaspRSTamaraNa, (15) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, (16) iMginImaraNa, (17) pAdapopagamanamaraNa / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra55 - (1) avIcimaraNa, (2) tadbhavamaraNa, (3) avadhimaraNa, (4) AdyantamaraNa, (5) bAlamaraNa, (6) paMDitamaraNa, (7) AsaNNamaraNa, (8) bAlapaMDitamaraNa, (9) sazallamaraNa, (10) balAyamaraNa, (11) vasaTTamaraNa, (12) vippANasamaraNa, (13) giddhapuTThamaraNa, (14) bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, (15) iMginImaraNa, (16) prAyopagamanamaraNa aura (17) kevliimrnn| samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM maraNa ke ina sattaraha prakAroM meM sAmAnya taura para samAnatA hI dRSTigocara hotI haiN| lekina kahIM-kahIM kucha prakAroM meM nAmoM va unakI krama saMkhyA meM kucha vibhinnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM avadhimaraNa ke do spaSTa vibhAjana (1) dezAvadhimaraNa aura (2) sarvAvadhimaraNa milate haiN| lekina samavAyAMga meM avadhimaraNa kA isa taraha spaSTa vibhAjana nahIM hai| hAM ! yaha aura bAta hai ki ina donoM taraha ke maraNoM ke antara kA spaSTIkaraNa bhI samavAyAMga meM avazya milatA hai| samavAyAMga meM chadmasthamaraNa kA ullekha hai, lekina bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM isa nAma ke maraNa kA vivaraNa nahIM milatA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AsaNNamaraNa kI carcA hai, jisakA ullekha samavAyAMga meM nahIM hai| ina vibhinnatAoM ke atirikta koI anya antara maraNa ko lekara ina donoM granthoM meM spaSTata: nahIM milatA hai| samavAyAMga evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke AdhAra para maraNa ke ina prakAroM kA vivecana nimna hai __(1) avIcimaraNa - Ayu ke anubhava (udaya) ko jIvana kahate haiN| Ayu kA udaya pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai| isI prakAra Ayu ke kSINa yA bhaMga ko maraNa kahate haiN| Ayu
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 75 kA udaya tathA kSaya pratyeka kSaNa hotA rahatA hai| pratyeka kSaNa honevAle maraNa ko hI avIcimaraNa kahA jAtA hai| 56 samavAyAMga ke anusAra bhI prati samaya honevAlA maraNa avIcimaraNa hai| punaH isake anusAra jisa maraNa meM koI viccheda yA vyavadhAna na ho use avIcimaraNa kahate haiN| isa taraha se hama dekhate haiM ki donoM hI granthoM meM avIcimaraNa kA artha pratikSaNa honevAlA maraNa hI kahA gayA hai| ataH donoM granthoM meM avIcimaraNa kI avadhAraNA hai| (2) tadbhavamaraNa- bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra bhavAntara prAptipUrvaka usake anantara pUrvavartI bhava kA vinAza tadbhavamaraNa kahalAtA hai| tadbhavamaraNa jIva ne ananta bAra kiyA hai| yaha tadbhavamaraNa durlabha nahIM hai, 58 kyoMki aneka jIva jisa yoni yA gati kA tyAga kara marate haiM, ve puna: usI gati meM utpanna ho jAte haiM, jaise- manuSya kA rUpa pAkara punaH manuSya rUpa meM janma lenA / samavAyAMga meM tadbhavamaraNa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo jIva vartamAna bhava meM jisa Ayu kA bhoga kara rahA hai, usI bhava ke yogya Ayu ko bAMdhakara yadi maraNa karatA hai to vaha tadbhavamaraNa kahalAtA hai| yaha maraNa manuSya yA tiryaMca gativAle jIvoM ko hI prApta hotA hai| deva yA nArakoM ko yaha maraNa prApta nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki aisA niyama hai ki deva yA nArakI marakara punaH deva yA nArakI nahIM ho sakate haiN| unakA janma to manuSya yA tiryaMca paMcendriyoM meM hI hotA hai| (3) avadhimaraNa- jIva vartamAna meM jaisA maraNa prApta karatA hai yadi AgAmI bhava meM usI prakAra kA maraNa prApta karegA to aise maraNa ko avadhimaraNa kahA jAtA hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai" - (ka) dezAvadhimaraNa - vartamAna meM jaisI Ayu kA udaya hotA hai vaisI hI yadi eka dezabandha kara jIva maraNa ko prApta karatA hai to vaha dezAvadhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| (kha) sarvAvadhimaraNa- vartamAna meM jo Ayu jaisI prakRti, sthiti, anubhava aura pradezoM ko lekara udaya meM A rahA hai, vaisI hI prakRti Adi ko lie hue yadi punaH Ayubandha karatA hai aura usI prakAra bhaviSya meM udaya hotA hai to use sarvAvadhimaraNa kahate haiN| samavAyAMga" ke anusAra koI jIva vartamAna bhava kI Ayu ko bhogatA huA AgAmI bhava kI bhI usI Ayu ko bAMdhakara mare aura AgAmI bhava meM bhI yadi usI Ayu ko bhogakara maratA hai, to aise jIva ke vartamAna bhava ke maraNa ko avadhimaraNa kahA jAtA hai| arthAt jo jIva Ayu ke jina dalikoM kA anubhava karake maratA hai, yadi punaH unhIM dalikoM kA anubhava kara mare to vaha maraNa avadhimaraNa kahalAtA hai| hu
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________________ 76 samAdhimaraNa (4) AdyantamaraNa - vartamAna maraNa yadi bhAvImaraNa se asamAna hotA hai to vaha maraNa AdyantamaraNa hai| vartamAna meM jisa prakAra kI prakRti, sthiti, anubhava, Ayu Adi dvArA maraNa hotA hai yadi eka deza yA sarvadeza se usa prakAra kA maraNa nahIM hotA to vaha AdyantamaraNa kahalAtA hai|62 samavAyAMga ke anusAra jo jIva nArakAdi ke vartamAna Ayukarma ke dalikoM ko bhogakara maratA hai aura mara kara bhaviSya meM usa Ayu ko bhogakara nahIM maratA, aise jIva ke vartamAna bhava ke maraNa ko AtyantikamaraNa (AdyantamaraNa) kahA jAtA hai|63 (5) bAlamaraNa - bAla arthAt ajJAnI, abodha, mithyAdRSTi, asaMyamI Adi ke maraNa ko bAlamaraNa kahA jAtA hai|64 samavAyAMga meM avyakta yA avirata jIva ko bAla kahA gayA hai| ata: avirata, avyakta, asaMyamI Adi jIvoM kA jo maraNa hotA hai, use bAlamaraNa kahate haiN| prathama guNasthAna se lekara cauthe guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM kA maraNa bAlamaraNa kahalAtA hai|65 (6) paMDitamaraNa- jJAna, darzana, cAritra se yukta jIva paMDita kahalAte haiN| aise jIvoM ke maraNa ko paMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| cAra prakAra ke paMDita jIva hote haiM66. (ka) vyavahArapaMDita- loka, veda aura samaya ke vyavahAra meM nipuNa jIva vyavahArapaMDita kahalAte haiN| ata: inake maraNa ko vyavahArapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| (kha) darzanapaMDita - kSAyika, kSayopazamika yA aupazamika samyagdarzana se yukta jIva darzanapaMDita kahalAte haiN| aise jIvoM ke maraNa ko darzanapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| (ga) jJAnapaMDita- mati Adi pA~ca prakAra ke samyagjJAna se yukta jIva jJAnapaMDita kahalAte haiN| ata: inake maraNa ko jJAnapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| (gha) cAritrapaMDita- sAmAyika, chedopasthApanA, parihAravizuddhi, sUkSmasamparAya, yathAkhyAtacAritra meM se kisI eka se yukta honevAle jIva cAritrapaMDita kahalAte haiN| aise jIvoM ke maraNa ko cAritrapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| samavAyAMga meM paMDitamaraNa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki saMyamI samyagdRSTi jIva paMDita kahalAtA hai| aise jIvoM ke maraNa ko hI paMDitamaraNa kahate haiN| chaThe se lekara gyArahaveM guNasthAna se yukta jIvoM kA maraNa paMDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai|67 (7) osaNNamaraNa - nirvANa-mArga se vicalita ho jAnevAle saMyamiyoM ko jaba
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________________ 77 samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa saMgha se bahiSkRta kara diyA jAtA hai to ve osaNNa kahalAte haiN| aise hI saMgha se bahiSkRta saMyamiyoM kA maraNa osaNNamaraNa hai| osaNNamaraNa karanevAle jIvoM para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki pArzvastha, svacchanda, kuzIla aura saMsakta jIva osaNNa kahalAte haiM,kyoMki ye mokSa ke lie prasthAna karanevAle zramaNa saMgha se bahiSkRta hote haiN|68 / (8) bAlapaMDitamaraNa - samyagdRSTi saMyatAsaMyata jIva ke maraNa ko bAlapaMDitamaraNa kahA gayA hai| sthUla hiMsA Adi se virata rahane ke kAraNa ye jIva darzana aura dezacAritra se paMDita hote haiM, lekina sUkSma asaMyama se yukta hone ke kAraNa ye bAla bhI hote haiN| ata: ye bAlapaMDita jIva kahalAte haiM aura inakA maraNa bAla paMDitamaraNa69 kahalAtA hai| samavAyAMga meM bAlamaraNa para carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai- dezasaMyamI paMcama guNasthAnavartI zrAvakavartI jIva (manuSya) yA tiryaMca paMcendriya jIva ke maraNa ko bAlapaMDita maraNa kahate haiN|70 (9) sazalyamaraNa - vibhinna prakAra ke doSoM se yukta manavAle jIva apane doSoM kI AlocanA kie binA hI maraNa karate haiM, unake maraNa ko hI sazalyamaraNa ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| yaha maraNa saMyata, saMyatAsaMyata aura avirata samyagdRSTi kA hotA hai|' doSa vibhinna prakAra ke haiM- mokSamArga kA doSa laganA, mithyAmArga kA kathana karanA, mAna kaSAya se prerita hokara acche kula kI kAmanA karanA, krodhAveza se prerita hokara zatru ke ahita kI kAmanA karanA, vrata ke phala ke rUpa meM isa bhava aura para bhava meM acche bhoga kI prApti kI kAmanA karanA aadi| samavAyAMga meM sazalyamaraNa ko hI antaHzalyamaraNa mAnA gayA hai| isake anusAra mana ke bhItara kisI prakAra kA zalya (viSayavastu) rakhakara maranevAle jIva ke maraNa ko anta:zalyamaraNa (sazalyamaraNa) kahate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa koI saMyamI puruSa apane vratoM meM lage hue doSoM kA lajjA, abhimAna Adi ke kAraNa binA AlocanA kie hI maraNa karatA hai to usake maraNa ko sazalyamaraNa kahA jAtA hai| (10) balAyamaraNa (valammaraNa) - viSaya-vAsanAoM se mukta vyakti bahuta kAla se ratnatraya kA pAlana karatA A rahA ho, lekina marate samaya usakA dhyAna viSayavAsanAoM kI ora A jAtA hai aura zubha dhyAna se cUka jAtA hai to aise vyakti ke maraNa ko balAyamaraNa kahate haiN| ata: darzanapaMDita, jJAnapaMDita, cAritrapaMDita kA bhI balAyamaraNa sambhava hai|3
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________________ 78 samAdhimaraNa samavAyAMga meM balAyamaraNa para isa taraha se prakAza DAlA gayA hai4- saMyama, vrata, niyamAdi dhAraNa kie hue dharma se cyuta yA patita hote hue avrata dazA meM maranevAle jIvoM ke maraNa ko balanmaraNa (balAyamaraNa) kahate haiN| (11) vasaTTamaraNa (vazArtamaraNa)-indriya-viSaya-vAsanAoM se burI taraha prabhAvita hokara jIva kA jo maraNa hotA hai vaha vasaTTamaraNa kahalAtA hai arthAt Arta evaM raudradhyAnapUrvaka maraNa ko vasaTTamaraNa kahate haiN| samavAyAMga meM vasaTTamaraNa para carcA kI gaI hai| isa grantha ke anusAra 6- indriyaviSaya-vAsanAoM ke vaza meM hokara maranevAle jIvoM ke maraNa ko vazArtamaraNa kahate haiN| indriya-viSaya-vAsanAoM ke kAraNa jIva ko pIr3A hotI hai, lekina vaha isa pIr3A se pIr3ita hokara bhI vAsanAoM ke adhIna hI maraNa karatA hai| jaise- rAta meM kITa-pataMge dIpa kI jyoti se AkRSTa hokara jalakara marate haiM, usI prakAra kisI bhI indriya ke viSaya se pIr3ita hokara maranA vasaTTamaraNa hai| (12) vippANasamaraNa (vaihAyasamaraNa)- upasarga (devakRta yA manuSyakRta) aparihArya sthiti na TalanevAlA saMkaTa Adi upasthita ho jAe aura jIva (vyakti) ko yaha jJAta ho jAe ki upasthita saMkaTApanna sthiti se bacanA sambhava nahIM hai, usake dharma naSTa hone kI sthiti utpanna ho jAe to dharma kI rakSA ke lie vyakti zvAsa rokakara jo maraNa karatA hai vaha vippANasa (vipraNAza) maraNa kahalAtA hai| __ aisA pratIta hotA hai kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM varNita vippANasamaraNa samavAyAMga meM varNita vaihAyasamaraNa ke samakakSa hai| samavAyAMga ke anusAra phAMsI lagAkara jo maraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vaihAyasamaraNa kahalAtA hai|8 cU~ki phAMsI lagAne kI prakriyA meM bhI vyakti kA zvAsa avarUddha ho jAtA hai aura usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai| (13) gRddhapuTThamaraNa - upasargAdi tathA saMkaTApanna avasthA meM dharma kI rakSA ke lie zastra kI sahAyatA se jo maraNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha gRddhapuTThamaraNa kahalAtA hai| samayavAMga meM gRddhapuTThamaraNa kA artha bhagavatI ArAdhanA se bhinna hai| isa grantha ke anusAra gRddhapuTTha ke do rUpa batalAe gae haiM - gRddhaspRSTamaraNa - giddha, cIla, paMkSiyoM ke dvArA jisakA mAMsa noMca-noMca kara khAyA jA rahA ho, aise jIva (vyakti) ke maraNa ko gRddhaspRSTamaraNa kahA jAtA hai| gRddhapRSThamaraNa-mare hue hAthI, U~Ta Adi ke zarIra meM praveza kara apane zarIra ko
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 79 giddhoM Adi kA bhakSya banAkara maranevAle jIvoM ke maraNa ko gRddhapRSThamaraNa kahA jAtA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, iMginImaraNa evaM prAyopagamanamaraNa kI carcA bhagavatI ArAdhanA evaM samavAyAMga ke AdhAra para yahA~ nahIM kI jA rahI hai| inakI vidhi tathA anya sabhI vizeSatAeM sabhI granthoM meM prAya: samAna hI hai| samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka ke AdhAra para ina tInoM prakAra ke maraNa para prakAza DAlA jA cukA hai| (17) paMDita - paMDitamaraNa - vyavahAra, samyaktva, jJAna aura cAritra meM jo paMDita haiM, unheM paMDita kahate haiN| paMDita ke cAra bheda haiM jinakI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| ina cAra prakAra ke paNDita ke madhya meM jinakA paNDitya, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM atizayazAlI hai, unheM paNDita - paNDita kahate haiN| aise jIva ke maraNa ko paMDitapaMDitamaraNa kahate haiM / 1 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki maraNa ke mukhya rUpa se do hI prakAra haiM1. vivekasahitamaraNa aura 2. vivekahInamaraNa / maraNa ke inhIM donoM bhedoM kA upavibhAga karate-karate kahIM inakI saMkhyA do mAnI gaI hai, kahIM pA~ca aura kisI-kisI graMtha meM isake 14 bheda kara die gae haiM, to kisI meM isake 17 prakAra bhI milate haiN| vastutaH maraNa ke ye bheda mRtyu grahaNa kI jAnevAlI vibhinna prakAra kI vidhiyoM para AdhArita haiN| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM antara samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA donoM hI meM svecchApUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa sAmAnya vyakti samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ko eka samajha lete haiN| vastuta: aisI bAta nahIM hai| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM mUlabhUta antara hai / jahA~ vyakti mukhya rUpa se apanI samasyAoM se Ubakara mana kI sAMvegika avasthA se grasita hokara AtmahatyA karatA hai, vahIM samAdhimaraNa meM vyakti mana kI sAMvegika avasthAoM se pUrI taraha mukta hokara samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa karatA hai| AtmahatyA vyakti kyoM karatA hai ? isa prazna para thaoNmasa jI masAraka ne apane vicAra isa prakAra prastuta kie haiM- vyakti apanI samasyAoM se ghirA rahatA hai, vaha una samasyAoM se mukta honA cAhatA hai, isake lie vaha athaka prayAsa karatA hai, lekina jaba vaha ina samasyAoM se mukta nahIM ho pAtA hai to AtmahatyA yA prANaghAta karake samasyAoM se chuTakArA pA letA hai| AtmahatyA kina-kina paristhitiyoM evaM samasyAoM ke kAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, isake kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue ve likhate haiM-- vyakti prAkRtika tathA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa bhautika saMsAdhanoM ke kAraNa utpanna samasyAoM se bacane ke lie hI AtmahatyA karatA hai| prAkRtika kAraNa- usa sthAna vizeSa yA deza vizeSa kA mausama, vAtAvaraNa (garmI, sardI, ArdratA) aadi| bhautika saMsAdhana ke kAraNa haiM- zArIrika akSamatA, sAmAjika kAraNa, rAjanItika kAraNa, rASTrIya kAraNa tathA Arthika kAraNa aadi| ina samasta kAraNoM se utpanna samasyAoM kI pUrti nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa aura usase bacane ke lie hI vyakti AtmahatyA kara letA hai / 82 80 DaoN. upendra ThAkura vibhinna vidvAnoM ke cintana ke AdhAra para AtmahatyA ke kAraNa aura avasthAoM kA citraNa apanI pustaka "da hisTrI oNpha syUsAIDa" meM karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki vyakti nimna paristhitiyoM meM AtmahatyA ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karatA hai athavA AtmahatyA kara letA hai / unake anusAra ye paristhitiyA~ isa prakAra kI ho sakatI haiM-83 AtmahatyA vyakti mukhya rUpa se mana kI bhAvanAoM ke Aveza meM Akara karatA hai| usake samakSa kaI taraha kI samasyAeM A jAtI haiM / ina samasyAoM kI pUrti ke lie vaha zakti bhara prayAsa karatA hai| lekina samasyAoM kI pUrti na hone ke kAraNa usake mana meM kSobha, glAni, apamAna, pazcAtApa Adi vibhinna taraha kI bhAvanAeM utpanna hone lagatI haiN| inhIM samasta bhAvanAoM ke Avega ke vazIbhUta hokara vaha apanA prANaghAta kara letA hai arthAt AtmahatyA kara letA hai / ina samasyAoM ke atirikta vyakti kabhI-kabhI dhArmika bhAvAveza meM bhI AtmahatyA kara letA hai / zrI tUkola ke anusAra 4- vyakti AtmahatyA, mAnasika, zArIrika, sAmAjika, vyaktigata kaSToM se grasta hone para karatA hai| kisI bhI vyakti ke samakSa vyaktigata samasyAoM meM parivAra, vivAha, prema, rojI-roTI, iSTa-viyoga, aniSTa milana, zArIrika durbalatA Adi kI samasyAeM hotI haiN| eka ora sAmAjika stara para samAja meM apanA ucca sthAna kAyama rakhane kI, adhika dhana-daulata kamAne kI, yaza pAne kI kAmanA rahatI hai to dUsarI ora apamAna, glAni, kSobha se bacane kI bhI lAlasA rahatI hai| kabhI-kabhI vyakti ke samakSa rAjanItika samasyA bhI mu~ha bAye khar3I rahatI hai| pratyeka vyakti deza kA sammAna, deza ke sarvocca pada pAne kI lAlasA Adi samasta samasyAoM kA nidAna karanA cAhatA hai| yadi yaha sambhava hotA hai to ThIka hai, anyathA vyakti AtmahatyA kara letA hai| vAcArya mahAprajJa (vartamAna AcArya) ke anusAra vyakti AtmahatyA kisI taraha ke Aveza, Avega yA uttejanA ke vazIbhUta hokara karatA hai| isa avasthA meM vyakti pahAr3a se lur3hakakara, vRkSa se girakara, AtmadAha, viSapAna Adi bAhya vidhiyoM kI sahayAtA se AtmaghAta karatA hai / 5 varlDa heltha AragenAijezana (World Health Organisation) ne
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 81 AtmahatyA ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue isameM apanAne vAlI vidhiyoM para bhI vyApaka carcA kI hai| unake anusAra vyakti U~cAI se kUdakara, jala samAdhi lekara, gAr3I ke nIce dabakara, golI mArakara, viSapAna karake, Adi vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se AtmahatyA karatA hai| AtmahatyA karate vakta vyakti kI mAnasika sthiti ThIka nahIM rahatI hai| usa samaya vyakti ke socane samajhane kI zakti khatma ho jAtI hai|86 uparyukta cintana ke AdhAra para hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki AtmahatyA eka asAmAnya vyakti kI manodazA kA paricAyaka hai| sAmAnya avasthA meM vyakti dehatyAga ke viSaya meM bAta karanA bhI pasanda nahIM karatA hai, lekina kucha paristhitiyoM meM vaha deha kA tyAga kara detA hai| AtmahatyA karate vakta vyakti uttejanA kI carama sImA ko pAra kara jAtA hai, kyoMki aisA nahIM karane para mohagrasta hokara vaha dehatyAga nahIM kara sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA meM bhI dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, lekina donoM avasthAoM meM kiyA jAnevAlA dehatyAga bhinna hai| eka Avega aura Aveza yukta avasthA meM kiyA jAtA hai to dUsarA Avega aura Aveza mukta avasthA meM kiyA jAtA hai| ata: donoM meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| ina donoM meM pAye jAnevAle antaroM kA citraNa jainagraMthoM evaM Adhunika cintakoM ke vicAroM ke AdhAra para kiyA jA sakatA hai| AtmahatyA aura samAdhimaraNa ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue sarvArthasiddhi evaM tattvArthavArtika 8 meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmahatyA jahA~ vyakti balapUrvaka yA apanI Antarika icchA ke viruddha karatA hai, vahIM samAdhimaraNa kabhI bhI balapUrvaka nahIM karAyA jAtA hai| vaha vyakti kI svata: preraNA para nirbhara karatA hai| vyakti nizcaya karatA hai ki dharma kI rakSA ke lie samAdhimaraNa dvArA dehatyAga kare yA nhiiN| ata: AtmahatyA aura samAdhimaraNa kA eka antara yaha bhI hai ki jahA~ AtmahatyA lapUrvaka aura jIvana kI AkAMkSA rakhate hue paristhitivaza kI jAtI hai vahIM samAdhipa kabhI bhI balapUrvaka yA jIvana kI AkAMkSA hote hue nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| tattvArthavArtika ke anusAra rAga-dveSa krodhAdipUrvaka prANoM ke nAza kie jAne ko apaghAta yA AtmahatyA kahate haiN| lekina samAdhimaraNa meM na to rAga hai, na dveSa hai aura na hI prANoM ke tyAga kA abhiprAya hI hai| ise grahaNa karanevAlA vyakti jIvana aura maraNa donoM ke prati anAsakta rahatA hai|89 jIvana aura maraNa ke prati anAsakta rahane ke kAraNa use na to jIvana kI AkAMkSA hotI hai aura na hI zIghra mRtyu kI, arthAt vaha jo dehatyAga karatA haiM mAtra isa bhAva se kI mRtyu anivArya hai, yaha zarIra naSTa honevAlA hai / isake prati rAga rakhanA vyartha hai| agara yaha zarIra naSTa honevAlA hai to isakA pAlana-poSaNa karane se koI
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________________ samAdhimaraNa lAbha nahIM hai| ata: isake prati anAsakta honA hI zreyaskara hai| jabaki AtmahatyA karanevAle vyakti ke mana meM isa taraha kI bhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| usake mana meM mAtra yahI bhAvanA rahatI hai ki isa deha kA tyAga karanA hai, vaha bhI shiighrtaapuurvk| samatva kA bhAva usake mana meM nahIM rahatA hai| apane tIvra Avega kI pUrti ke lie hI vaha dehatyAga karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa karane ke lie kAya aura kaSAya donoM ko hI kSINa karanA par3atA hai| kyoMki tIvra kaSAya se yukta hone para vyakti samatva kA bhAva nahIM apanA sakatA hai aura samatva ke abhAva meM samAdhimaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| zarIra agara adhika svastha hai aura use niraMtara poSaNa mila rahA hai, to maraNakAla dera se A sakatA hai| maraNakAla ke dera hone se vyakti apane lakSya se haTa sakatA hai| isake atirikta zarIra kA poSaNa karane kA artha hai zarIra para rAgabhAva rkhnaa| jabaki samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke lie rAga-dveSa donoM hI bhAvoM se mukta rahanA anivArya hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki svastha vyakti ko kAya aura kaSAya kSINa karane ke lie lambe samaya taka kaThina sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| kAya ko kSINa karane ke lie AhArAdi kA tyAga karanA par3atA hai / AhAratyAga karane ke lie kaThina tapa Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI prakAra kaSAyoM ko alpa karane ke lie kaSAyoM se sambandhita viSaya-vAsanAoM se mana ko mukta karanA par3atA hai| isake lie bhI kaThina vrata Adi kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| lekina dUsarI ora AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti kAya aura kaSAya ko kSINa nahIM karatA hai| apane mana ke saMvegoM se grasta hokara kisI bhI bAhya vidhi kI sahAyatA se apane prANa kA tyAga karatA hai| dharmAmRta (sAgAra)11 ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa dehAdika vikAroM ke hone para athavA aise sunizcita kAraNa upasthita hone para jisase ki yaha deha naSTa ho jAnevAlA ho Adi avasthA meM apane zIla vratAdi kI rakSA karate hue samyak rIti se dehatyAga karake grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / usa samaya vyakti kA mana samasta taraha ke AvezoM se mukta rahatA hai| lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti mAtra inhIM paristhitiyoM meM hI dehatyAga nahIM karatA hai, vaha kisI bhI paristhiti meM dehatyAga karatA hai| dehatyAga ke pIche,usake mana meM zIla vratAdi kI rakSA kA prayojana nahIM rahatA hai| yadi koI prayojana rahatA hai to vaha hai mAtra apane Aveza kI zAnti kaa| AcArya pUjyapAda AtmahatyA evaM samAdhimaraNa ke antara ko spaSTa karate hae kahate haiM12-vyakti rAga-dveSa-moha se yukta hokara bAhya sAdhanoM kI sahAyatA se AtmahatyA karatA hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa vyakti rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara karatA hai| usa vyakti ke mana meM kisI ke prati na to rAga hotA hai aura na dveSa hii| vaha apane zarIra para se bhI mamatva ke
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 83 bhAva kA tyAga kara detA hai| ata: samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM mukhya antara hai- jahA~ AtmahatyA rAga-dveSa se yukta hotI hai vahI samAdhimaraNa rAga-dveSa se mukta hotA hai| DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA ke anusAra 3- AtmahatyA yA AtmaghAta tIvra krodhAdi ke Aveza meM Akara yA ajJAnatAvaza zastra-prayoga, viSabhakSaNa, agni-praveza, jala-praveza, giri-pAta Adi ghAtaka kriyAoM se kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM ina kriyAoM kA aura krodhAdika Aveza kA abhAva rahatA hai| samAdhimaraNa yojanAnusAra zAntipUrvaka maraNa hai jo jIvana sudhAra sambandhI suyojanA kA eka aMga hai| _ phulacanda varaiyA, jainamitra meM likhate haiM ki jahA~ rAga-dveSa bhAva kI upasthiti nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ ahiMsA hai aura jahA~ rAga-dveSa se yukta bhAva kI upasthiti hotI hai, vahA~ hiMsA hai| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti rAga-dveSa se mukta hokara vItarAgatApUrvaka dehatyAga karatA hai|94 ata: usakA dehatyAga hiMsAbhAva se mukta hotA hai| lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti rAga-dveSa se yukta hokara dehatyAga karatA hai| ata: usakA yaha dehatyAga hiMsA se yukta hotA hai| kAraNa rAga-dveSa se yukta vyakti pramAdI hotA hai aura pramAdavaza jo prANaghAta kiyA jAtA hai vaha hiMsA hai|95 ata: samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM eka antara yaha bhI huA ki jahA~ samAdhimaraNa rAga-dveSa-bhAva se mukta hone ke kAraNa hiMsA se mukta hotA hai, vahI AtmahatyA rAga-dveSa se yukta hone ke kAraNa hiMsA se yukta hotI hai| - phUlacanda baraiyA ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA kI vidhi meM bhI antara hai| jahA~ AtmahatyA duHkha se chuTakArA pAne kI bhAvanA se kI jAtI hai vahIM samAdhimaraNa prItipUrvaka yA premapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai| vyakti ko jaba yaha bhalIbhA~ti vidita ho jAtA hai ki usakA maraNakAla A cukA hai, taba vaha niHzalya ni:kaSAya bhAva se jIne marane kI abhilASA, mitrAnurAga, sukhAnubandha Adi kI AkAMkSA se rahita hokara samAdhimaraNa karatA hai|96 lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti mana meM vibhinna taraha kI abhilASA ko saMjoe rahatA hai| usakI abhilASA agara pUrNa ho jAtI hai to use khuzI hotI hai, anyathA duHkh| isI duHkha ke kAraNa vaha apanA prANatyAga karatA hai| ata: samAdhimaraNa jahA~ prItipUrvaka niHzalya ni:kaSAya bhAva se kiyA jAtA, vahIM AtmahatyA duHkhapUrvaka sazalya aura sakaSAya bhAva se kI jAtI hai| AcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI mahArAja samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke bheda ko spaSTa karate hae likhate haiM ki AtmaghAta yA AtmahatyA vyakti tIvra saMkleza, krodhAdi ke Aveza evaM parezAniyoM ke vazIbhUta hatAza hokara ajJAnatAvaza zastra-prayoga, viSabhakSaNa, agnipraveza,
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________________ 84 samAdhimaraNa jalapraveza, giripatana Adi ghAtaka kriyAoM ke dvArA karatA hai| jabaki ina samasta kriyAoM tathA krodhAdi ke Aveza kA samAdhimaraNa meM sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai / samAdhimaraNa zAnti evaM vivekapUrvaka dehAdika padArthoM ke prati mamatva kA tyAga hai, jo jIvana kI sampUrNatA kA eka aMga hai| samAdhimaraNa eka AdhyAtmika kriyA hai jo Atma-sudhAra evaM AtmautthAna kA eka antima evaM sarvottama vicArapUrNa yatna hai|97 nyAyAvid zrI tUkola ne samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke antara para bhalIbhA~ti vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne ina donoM ke antara ko nimnalikhita DhaMga se vyakta kiyA haisamAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti janma-maraNa ke cakkara se bacane ke lie tathA mokSa-prApti kI bhAvanA se hI dehatyAga karatA hai| mokSa-prApti ke lie samasta saMcita karmoM kA kSaya tathA Age AnevAle karmoM ko rokanA hotA hai| isake lie vaha dIrgha samaya taka nAnA prakAra ke tapoM kI sAdhanA karatA hai, jisase ki usake karmoM kA kSaya aura mana nirmala ho jaae| lekina AtmahatyA vyakti usa samaya-vizeSa kI kucha paristhitiyoM se bacane ke lie karatA hai| ye paristhitiyA~ haiM- apamAna, aparAdha, bhAvanAtmaka lagAva Adi ina paristhitiyoM se bacane ke lie vaha zIghra mRtyu kI kAmanA karatA hai| kisI prakAra kI sAdhanA karane kI apekSA bAhya vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se vaha apanA prANaghAta karatA hai|98 ___ samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA karane kI paristhitiyA~ bhI bhinna haiN| samAdhimaraNa vyakti mAtra una paristhitiyoM meM prasannatApUrvaka karatA hai, jinameM kI jIvanayApana karanA kaThina pratIta hotA hai| jaise- akAla, bhUkhamarI, upasarga, vRddhAvasthA, asAdhya roga Adi ke kAraNa zarIra jarjarita ho jAne para dharma rakSArtha vyakti apanA dehatyAga karatA hai, lekina AtmahatyA kisI bhI samaya kisI bhI paristhiti meM kI jAtI hai| isake lie akAla, upasarga, vRddhAvasthA Adi paristhitiyA~ anivArya nahIM haiN|99 ___ samAdhimaraNa karate samaya vyakti ke mana meM sAMsArika vastuoM tathA anya bhautika padArthoM ke prati jo Asakti hotI hai usase pUrI taraha mukta rahatA hai| mana ko pUrI taraha bhAvAveza se mukta karane ke lie vyakti sabhI taraha ke saMvegoM ko chor3a detA hai arthAt mana meM utpanna honevAle saMvegoM se pUrI taraha mukta ho jAtA hai| vaha rAga kI pUrNa samApti ke lie apane parivAra aura mitra kA tyAga karatA hai aura aisA karane ke lie unase kSamA mA~gatA hai| AcArya se apane guNa-doSoM ko kahakara usakI AlocanA karatA hai| vaha sabhI se kSamA mAMgatA hai aura sabhI ko usake aparAdha ke lie kSamA pradAna karatA hai tathA dharma meM pUrNa AsthA vyakta karate hue samyagjJAna ko prApta karatA hai| isa taraha samyagajJAna ko prApta karake vaha samAdhipUrvaka apanA dehatyAga karatA hai| lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa vyakti samyagjJAna kI prApti nahIM karatA hai| usakA mana sAMsArika vastuoM aura bhogavilAsoM meM lagA rahatA hai| apane parivAra aura mitra ke prati usake mana meM prIti rahatI hai| isa taraha rAga se yukta hokara mana meM saMkleza rakhate hue vaha azAnta mana se apanA dehatyAga karatA hai| astu samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM mukhya antara yaha hai ki jahA~ samAdhimaraNa meM zAntabhAva se, rAga se mukta hokara dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM AtmahatyA meM azAnta citta aura rAgayukta hokara dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA karane ke lie jo vidhi apanAyI jAtI hai usameM bhI antara hai| samAdhimaraNa meM viSapAna, phAMsI, jalasamAdhi Adi hiMsaka pravRttiyoM kI sahAyatA nahIM lI jAtI hai| isake lie vyakti anazana vrata kA sahArA letA hai| pahale vaha kucha samaya ke lie anazana karatA hai tathA bAda meM anazana kAla meM vRddhi karatA jAtA hai| vaha Thosa AhAra kI jagaha tarala AhAra grahaNa karane lagatA hai tathA bAda meM tarala AhAra kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| vaha apanA samaya dhArmika kAryoM ko saMpanna karane meM vyatIta karatA hai / use mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA meM zIghratA yA dIrghatA kI kAmanA nahIM hotI hai, balki vaha mRtyu kI pratIkSA zAntabhAva se karatA hai| mRtya kAla Ane para samasta prakAra ke saMvegoM se mukta hokara samabhAvapUrvaka use grahaNa karatA hai|301 lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti hiMsaka pravRttiyoM ko apanAtA hai| dehatyAga ke lie vaha anazana vrata kA pAlana nahIM karatA hai| vaha zIghra mRtyu kI kAmanA karatA hai aura isI kAraNa zastra, viSa, agni, jalapraveza Adi sAdhanoM kA sahArA letA hai| mRtyu ke samaya usakA mana saMvegoM se pUrNa hotA hai arthAt vaha samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa nahIM karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA jo dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai vaha na duHkhadAyI hotA hai aura na hI samAja ke lie abhizApa, kyoMki isa taraha se mRtyu grahaNa karane ke pUrva vyakti apane samasta kArmika bandhanoM, mamatva Adi kA tyAga kara detA hai| unakA yaha dehatyAga dharma meM avizvAsa paidA karatA hai| unakI mRtyu para zoka yA saMvedanA nahIM vyakta kI jAtI hai| sarvatra ise mahotsava ke rUpa meM manAyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa karanevAloM ko divya AtmA samajhakara usakI pUjA kI jAtI hai|102 dUsarI ora AtmahatyA karanevAloM ko samAja ke lie abhizApa samajhA jAtA hai, kyoMki vyakti ise pUrNarUpa se apane Aveza kI pUrti ke lie apanAtA hai, jisase samAja meM kSobha aura apamAna kI bhAvanA vyApta hotI hai| sAtha hI isase samAja ko kisI taraha kI sAtvika preraNA bhI nahIM milatI hai| - jaina dharma-darzana ke antarrASTrIya vidvAn jinazAsana gaurava DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM samAdhimaraNa na to
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________________ samAdhimaraNa maraNAkAMkSA hai aura na AtmahatyA hI / vyakti AtmahatyA yA to krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara karatA hai yA phira AtmasammAna yA. hitoM ko gaharI coTa pahu~cane para athavA jIvana se nirAza ho jAne para karatA hai, lekina ye sabhI citta kI sAMvegika avasthAeM haiM, jabaki samAdhimaraNa to citta kI samatva avasthA hai| ataH use AtmahatyA nahIM kaha skte| dUsare, AtmahatyA yA AtmabalidAna meM mRtyu ko nimantraNa diyA jAtA hai| vyakti ke mana meM marane kI icchA chipI rahatI hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa meM maraNa kI icchA kA nahIM rahanA hI apekSita hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa ke pratijJAsUtra meM hI sAdhaka yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se rahita hokara AtmamaraNa karU~gA / yadi samAdhimaraNa meM marane kI icchA hI pramukha hotI to usake pratijJAsUtra meM ina zabdoM ko rakhane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotii| AtmahatyA meM vyakti jIvana ke saMgharSoM se Ubakara jIvana se bhAganA cAhatA hai| usake mUla meM kAyaratA hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM deha aura saMyama kI rakSA ke anivArya vikalpoM meM se saMyama kI rakSA ke vikalpa ko cunakara mRtyu kA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA kiyA jAtA hai / samAdhimaraNa meM jIvana se bhAgane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, varan jIvana kI saMdhyA belA meM dvAra para khar3I mRtyu kA svAgata kiyA jAtA hai hai / AtmahatyA meM jahA~ jIvana se bhaya hotA hai, samAdhimaraNa meM mRtyu se nirbhayatA hotI hai| AtmahatyA asamaya hI mRtyu kA AmantraNa hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa mAtra mRtyu ke upasthita hone para usakA saharSa AliMgana hai| AtmahatyA ke mUla meM yA to bhaya hotA hai yA kAmanA hotI hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa meM bhaya aura kAmanA donoM kI hI anupasthiti Avazyaka hotI hai| 103 86 kAkA kAlelakara samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki AtmahatyA meM vyakti nirAza hokara kAyaratApUrNa DhaMga apanAkara dehatyAga karatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora jaba vyakti yaha socatA hai ki usake jIvana kA prayojana pUrNa huA, jyAdA jIne kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahI taba vaha Atma-sAdhanA ke lie samAdhimaraNa karatA hai arthAt samabhAvapUrvaka zarIratyAga karatA hai / ata: AtmahatyA jahA~ kAyaratApUrvaka aura jIvana se bhAgane kA nAma hai, vahIM samAdhimaraNa sAhasapUrvaka jIvana jIne aura antima samaya meM samatvabhAva se mRtyuvaraNa karane kA nAma hai| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ko eka samajhakara kucha vidvAnoM ne samAdhimaraNa para yaha AkSepa lagAyA hai ki yaha anaitika evaM jIvana se palAyana karanevAlA vrata hai| DaoN0 Izvaracandra ne likhA hai15- "jIvanmukta vyakti kA svecchAmaraNa AtmahatyA nahIM hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa AtmahatyA ke samAna hI anaitika hai| isa sambandha meM unake tarka kA pahalA bhAga yaha hai ki svecchAmaraNa kA vrata lenevAle sAmAnya jaina muni jIvanmukta evaM
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 87 alaukika zakti se yukta nahIM hote aura na hI apUrNatA kI dazA meM liyA gayA AmaraNa vrata (samAdhimaraNa) naitika ho sakatA hai| apane tarka ke dUsare bhAga meM ve kahate haiM ki jainaparamparA meM svecchA mRtyuvaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) karane meM yathArthatA kI apekSA ADambara adhika hotA hai, isIlie vaha anaitika hai| DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina DaoN0 Izvaracandra ke vicAra se apanI asahamati vyakta karate hue likhate haiM106 "jIvanmukta evaM alaukika zaktisampanna vyakti hI svecchAmaraNa kA adhikArI hai, hama sahamata nahIM hai| vastuta: svecchAmaraNa usa vyakti ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai jo jIvanmukta hai aura jisakI dehAsakti samApta ho gayI hai, varan usa vyakti ke lie hai jisameM dehAsakti zeSa hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa to isI dehAsakti ko samApta karane ke lie hai| samAdhimaraNa eka sAdhanA hai, isalie vaha jIvanmukta (siddha) ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai| jIvanmukta ko to samAdhimaraNa sahaja hI prApta hotA hai| jahA~ taka isa AkSepa kI bAta hai ki samAdhimaraNa meM yathArthatA kI apekSA ADambara hI adhika parilakSita hotA hai, usameM AMzika satyatA avazya ho sakatI hai, lekina isakA sambandha samAdhimaraNa ke siddhAnta se nahIM, varan usake vartamAna meM pracalita vikRta rUpa se hai, lekina isa AdhAra para usake saiddhAntika mUlya meM koI kamI nahIM AtI hai| yadi vyAvahArika jIvana meM aneka vyakti asatya bolate haiM to kyA usase satya ke mUlya para koI A~ca AtI hai? vastuta: svecchAmaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) ke mUlya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki vibhinna vidvAnoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke aMtara ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| unake cintana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM bahuta bar3A antara haiN| ina antaroM ko hama isa rUpa meM bhI samajha sakate haiM * samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM avasthAgata antara / * samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke dvArA kI jAnevAlI dehatyAga kI vidhiyoM kA antara / * samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ke samaya sAdhaka ke mana meM uThanevAle bhAvoM kA antr| Age hama ina tInoM hI binduoM ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kregeN| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti sukha-duHkha donoM hI avasthAoM meM samatva kA bhAva
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________________ samAdhimaraNa banAe rakhatA hai| asahya duHkha yA hArdika khuzI kI avasthA meM bhI vaha na to duHkhI hotA hai aura na khuza hI / sukha-duHkha ko vaha karmoM ko kSaya karanevAlA kAraka mAnatA hai / duHkha ko jahA~ pUrva meM kie gae bure karmoM kA pratiphala mAnatA hai, vahIM sukha ko pUrva meM kie gae acche karmoM kA pratiphala mAnatA hai| kisI prakAra kI vyAdhi, roga Adi hone para bhI vaha pramAda nahIM karatA hai, varan yaha socatA hai ki yaha roga aura vyAdhi mere lie acchA hI hai, kyoMki inase mere karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vyakti sukha-duHkha donoM ko hI karmoM kA kSaya karanevAlA kAraka tathA apanA upakAraka samajhatA hai donoM hI avasthAoM meM samatva kA bhAva banAe rakhatA hai| dUsarI ora AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti sukha-duHkha Adi paristhitiyoM se vicalita hotA rahatA hai| sukha kI avasthA meM use khuzI hotI hai jise vaha acchA mAnatA hai tathA duHkha kI avasthA meM duHkhI hotA hai aura use burA mAnatA hai / sukha kI prApti ke lie vaha hara taraha ke acche bure kAryoM kA sampAdana karatA hai tathA duHkha se mukti prApta karane ke lie bhI hara acche-bure kArya karatA hai / isa prakAra vaha karmoM ke bandhana meM par3atA jAtA hai| roga-vyAdhi Adi hone para use bahuta hI kaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa meM jahA~ sukha-duHkha avasthA meM bhI samatvabhAva rakhakara vartamAna samaya ke karmoM ke phala ko saMcita nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, vahIM AtmahatyA meM karma kA saMcaya kiyA jAtA hai| 88 samAdhimaraNa mukhya rUpa se prAkRtika yA kRtrima vipadAoM ke samaya meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa yA kisI roga ke kAraNa vyakti kA zarIra atyanta durbala ho gayA ho, jaba usakI zakti kSINa ho gayI ho, vaha apanA Avazyaka kArya bhI svayaM nahIM kara pAtA ho, isake lie use kisI kI sahAyatA kI AvazyakatA ho, tAtparya hai ki zarIra jaba bhArarUpa ho gayA ho aura usakA tyAga karanA hI ThIka jAna par3atA ho, tabhI vyakti samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA dehatyAga kre| dUsarI avasthA meM jaba vyakti aise saMkaTapUrNa paristhiti meM pha~sa gayA ho jahA~ se nikala pAnA sambhava nahIM ho, prANa jAne kI bhI AzaMkA ho, aisI paristhiti jisameM usake brahmacarya bhaMga hone tathA kucha anya kAraNa se use patita hone kI sambhAvanA ho, tabhI apane dharma aura pavitratA kI rakSA ke lie samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA use dehatyAga karanA cAhie / lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti mAtra vRddhAvasthA, roga kI avasthA yA jIvana ke saMkaTapUrNa kSaNoM meM apane dharma rakSArtha dehatyAga nahIM karatA hai, varan vRddhapanA, roga ke kaSToM tathA saMkaTapUrNa avasthAoM meM honevAle kaSToM ke kAraNa duHkhI mana se apanA dehatyAga karatA hai / samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA kI vidhi meM bhI antara hai| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa vyakti anazanapUrvaka dIrghakAla taka apane zarIra aura kaSAyoM ko kSINa karatA hai| anazana kAla meM honevAle parISahoM ko atyanta zAnta bhAva se sahana karatA hai| usa samaya usake mana meM kisI prakAra kA bhAva nahIM rahatA hai| vaha apane guNa-doSoM kI AlocanA kara sabhI se kSamA mA~gatA hai tathA samasta jIvoM ko bhI kSamA pradAna karatA hai| vaha isa saMsAra ko, dhana-vaibhava ko, apane iSTajanoM ko, sukha-duHkha ko tathA anyAnya bhautika padArthoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa samajhatA hai aura unase dUra rahane kA prayatna karatA hai| unase mukti pAne ke lie vaha bAraha prakAra kI anuprekSAoM kA cintana karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa kA adhikatama samaya bAraha varSa kA hotA hai| ina bAraha varSoM meM vaha nAnA prakAra ke tapoM ko karate hue AhAra Adi ko sImita karate hue, anta meM saba tyAga karatA hai tathA mRtyu ke Agamana kI pratikSA samabhAva se karatA hai| isa krama meM vaha zIghramaraNa yA dIrghakAlikamaraNa kI kAmanA nahIM karatA hai| mAtra mRtyu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai aura jaba mRtyu kA Agamana hotA hai to saharSa bhAva se use svIkAra karatA hai| dUsarI ora AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti koI aisI vidhi apanAtA hai jisase ki usakA anta zIghratApUrvaka kama kaSToM ke sAtha ho| jaiseviSapAna, phAMsI, kalAI kI dhamaniyoM ko kATanA, pahAr3a se giranA, Aga meM jalanA aadi| usake antas meM zIghra marane kI vyAkulatA hotI hai| mRtyu ke samaya bhI vaha sAMsArika vastuoM se apanI Asakti kA tyAga nahIM kara pAtA hai| apane dhana, vaibhava, parivAra Adi ke prati usake mana meM kisI taraha kI bhAvanA avazya rahatI hai| samAdhimaraNa karanevAlA vyakti samasta prakAra ke sAMsArika upasargoM kA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA karatA hai| upasargoM ko sahana karate vakta usake mana meM kisI taraha kA bhI bhAva nahIM rahatA hai| upasargoM kA sahana vaha isalie karatA hai ki yaha usake lie parIkSA kA kAla hai aura parIkSA meM use saphala honA hai| lekina AtmahatyA karanevAlA vyakti jIvana ke saMgharSoM, saMsAra ke upasargoM se ghabarA jAtA hai| apanI samasyAoM se jUjhane se bacane ke lie hI vaha AtmahatyA kara letA hai| eka taraha se vaha jIvana se palAyana kara letA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM bahata bar3A antara hai| donoM meM paristhiti, vidhi, bhAvanA Adi sabhI bAtoM ko lekara antara hai| eka jahA~ mRtya kA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA karatA hai, vahIM dUsarA mRtyu se palAyana karatA hai| eka jahA~ mRtyu ko apane sAmane jhukAtA hai, vahIM dUsarA mRtyu ke sAmane jhuka jAtA hai| eka jahA~ mRtya ko harAtA hai, vahIM dUsarA mRtyu ke sAmane apanI parAjaya svIkAra kara letA hai| .
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________________ 90 samAdhimaraNa samAdhimaraNa ke tIna bheda sAmAnyataH svAbhAvika mRtyu vyakti ke prANa ko usake zarIra se alaga kara detI hai| lekina kabhI-kabhI vyakti apanI icchA se bhI dehatyAga karatA hai| jainazAstroM meM isa prakAra dehatyAga para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra dehatyAga tIna taraha kiyA jAtA hai| " 1. cyuta 2. cyAvita 3. tyakta 107 (1) cyuta - Ayu pUrNa hokara zarIra kA svataH chUTanA cyuta kahalAtA hai| (2) cyAvita - viSa - bhakSaNa, rakta kSaya, dhAtukSaya, zastraghAta, jalapraveza tathA isI taraha ke anya bAhya kAraNoM se jo zarIratyAga kiyA jAtA hai vaha cyAvita kahalAtA hai| (3) tyakta - rogAdi ho jAne para tathA maraNa kA anivArya kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para vivekasahita jo zarIratyAga kiyA jAtA hai vaha tyakta kahalAtA hai / 10 vivekasahita dehatyAga kA vivaraNa AcArAMga, samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga, uttarAdhyayana, bhagavatI-ArAdhanA jaise prAcIna graMthoM meM bhI milatA hai| lekina bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iMginI aura prAyo (pAdo) pagamanamaraNa ko vivekasahita maraNa ke aMtargata samAhita karane kA kramabaddha vivaraNa prathama bAra gommaTasAra meM upalabdha hotA hai| 108 yadyapi bhagavatI ArAdhanA 9 meM bhI ina tInoM ko paMDitamaraNa ke tIna bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, lekina zvetAmbara mAnya sAhitya AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana meM isa rUpa meM nahIM hai| AcArAMga meM ina tInoM hI prakAra ke vivekayukta maraNa kA ullekha hai, parantu nAmoM kA vivaraNa nahIM hai| samavAyAMga 19 meM tInoM kA ullekha maraNa ke vividha rUpoM ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai, jabaki sthAnAMga 12 meM 'bhaktapratyAkhyAna aura prAyopagamana kA nAmollekha hai aura iMginImaraNa kA nAma nahIM hai| isI taraha uttarAdhyayana 113 meM tIna prakAra ke vivekasahita maraNa kA ullekha to hai, lekina nAmoM kA abhAva hai| tyakta zarIra ke tIna bheda haiM 1. bhaktaparijJA (bhaktapratyAkhyAna) 2. iMgiNI, aura 1. bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kA vivaraNa bhagavatI 114, sthAnAMga 115, samavAyAMga 116, jaise prAcInatama AgamoM meM milatA hai / bhaktapratyAkhyAna, bhakta aura pratyAkhyAna ina do zabdoM se milakara banA haiM bhakta arthAt AhAra (bhojana) pratyAkhyAna yAnI tyAga / isa taraha se AhAra kA yoga karake jo maraNa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai vaha bhaktapratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| isakA 3. prAyogya /
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa kAla kama se kama antarmuhUrta hai, jyAdA se jyAdA bAhara varSa hai aura madhyama antarmuhUrta se Upara tathA bAraha varSa se kama kA hai|517 bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai ki dIkSAgrahaNa se lekara niryApaka guru kA Azraya lene ke antima dina taka jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM lage aticAroM kI AlocanA karake guru ke dvArA die gae prAyazcita ko svIkAra karake tIna prakAra ke AhAra ke tyAga Adi ke sAtha krama se ratnatraya kA ArAdhanA karanA bhaktapratyAkhyAna hai|118 uttarAdhyayana 19, bhattapaiNNA 2" aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA 21 meM bhaktapratyAkhyAnamANa ke do bheda kie gaye haiM- savicAra evaM avicaar| jo utsAha arthAt balayukta haiM, jisakI mRtyu tatkAla honevAlI nahIM hai arthAt jisakI Ayu abhI bahuta alpa nahIM huI hai, aise vyakti ke bhaktapratyAkhyAna ko savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kahA jAtA hai| 522 savicAra kA artha hai binA kisI prakAra kI vivazatA ke svecchApUrvaka dehatyAga kA nirNaya lenA tathA vividha kAraNoM ke phalasvarUpa mRtyu kI Akasmika sambhAvanA hone yA sahasA maraNakAla upasthita hone para evaM aisI hI anya paristhitiyA~ utpanna hone para vyakti dvArA jo bhaktapratyAkhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai|123 jaba vicArapUrvaka bhaktapratyAkhyAna karane kA samaya hI nahIM rahatA, jaba sahasA hI maraNa upasthita ho jAe arthAt Akasmika rUpa se mRtyu jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka dene lage to avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna grahaNa karanA caahie| savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna kA vivecana cAlIsa adhikAra sUtra padoM kI sahAyatA se kiyA gayA hai| ye nimnalikhita haiM124 (1) arihe - isakA artha yogya hotA hai|125 jinheM duSprasAdhya vyAdhi hai athavA zrAmaNya ko hAni pahu~cAne vAlI vRddhAvasthA hai athavA devakRta manuSyakRta aura tiryancakRta upasarga hai, ve bhaktapratyAkhyAna karane ke yogya haiN|226 jo dekhane aura sunane meM asamartha haiM tathA nirbalatA ke kAraNa cala nahI pAte haiM ve bhI bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa lene yogya hai| jinakA caritra cirakAla taka kaluSita honevAlA nahIM hai, nikaTa bhaviSya meM kisI taraha kA upasarga bhI nahIM AnevAlA hai unako samAdhimaraNa karAne meM sahAyaka niryApaka ke upalabdha hone para bhI bhaktapratyAkhyAna nahIM karanA caahie| agara koI aise samaya meM bhaktapratyAkhyAna karatA hai to vaha apane dharma se virata ho jAtA hai| 128 (2) liMga - isakA artha cihna hotA hai| kartA kisa liMga kA hai yaha jaannaa|'
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________________ 92 samAdhimaraNa strI aura puruSa donoM hI bhaktapratyAkhyAna le sakate haiN| jo puruSa bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanA cAhatA hai use autsargika liMga dhAraNa karanA hotA hai| 130 isa liMga ko dhAraNa karane para nagna rahanA par3atA hai / parantu isake sambandha meM yaha niyama hai ki usakI puruSa jananendriya (puruSa cihna) prazasta honI caahie| puruSa jananendriya kA carmarahita honA, atidIrgha honA, sthUla honA aura bAra-bAra uttejita honA Adi doSa haiN| ina doSoM se rahita hone para hI autsargika liMga diyA jAtA hai| puruSa jananendriya meM aNDakoSa bhI sammilita hai| ve bhI ati laTakate hue lambe nahIM hone caahie| isake alAvA jo pratiSThita dhanasampanna haiM yA jinheM sabake sAmane nagna hone meM lajjA AtI hai aise vyaktiyoM ko sArvajanika sthAna meM nagna liMga nahIM denA cAhie / unake lie vastra liMga (ApavAdika liMga) hI yogya hotA hai / 131 uparyukta vyavasthA digambara evaM yApanIya paramparAoM ke sandarbha meM hai / jahA~ taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA prazna hai usameM AcArAMgasUtra meM yaha carcA to hameM upalabdha hotI hai ki muni bhI vastra Adi ko alpa karatA huA aceta avasthA taka jA sakatA hai, kintu sallekhanA ke samaya usameM vastra kI sthiti vahI hotI hai jisameM vaha sallekhanA grahaNa karane pUrva rahatA hai| isa prakAra hama yaha anumAna lagA sakate haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM vastra tyAga karanA muni aura gRhastha donoM ke lie aparihArya nahIM thaa| sallekhanA sambandhI jitane bhI sandarbha zvetAmbara granthoM meM upalabdha hai| unameM kahIM bhI aisA nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA hai ki sallekhanA ke samaya vastra tyAga karanA cAhie, vahA~ kaSAya aura AhAra ko hI alpa karane kA nirdeza milatA hai| jo striyA~ bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanA cAhatI hai unameM se tapasvinI striyoM (sAdhviyoM ) ko autsargika liMga diyA jAtA hai tathA zrAvikAoM ko ApavAdika liMga / tapasvinI striyA~ eka sAr3I mAtra parigraha rakhatI haiM aura mRtyu ke samaya usa vastra kA bhI parityAga kara detI haiN| gRhastha striyA~ bhI yadi yogya sthAna hotA hai to vastra tyAga karatI haiN| yadi ve dhanasampanna tathA acche kula kI hotI haiM to sArvajanika sthAna para vastra tyAga nahIM karatI hai| lekina parigraha, alpa kara dene se striyoM ko autsargika liMga / dhAraka mAnA jA sakatA hai| naya (3) zikSA - isakA artha hotA hai zruta kA adhyayana karanA / vyakti ko jinavacana rAta-dina par3hanA caahie| kyoMki isakI sahAyatA se vyakti jIvAdi padArthoM kA pramANa aura ke anusAra nirUpaNa karane meM nipuNa hotA hai| 133 pUrvApara virodha punaruktatA Adi battIsa doSoM se mukta hone ke kAraNa zuddha hotA hai| 134 vipula yAnI nikSepa, nirUkti anuyogadvAra aura naya ina aneka vikalpoM se jIvAdi padArthoM kA vistAra se nirUpaNa karatA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 93 hai / 135 nikAcita arthAt artha se pUrNa hotA hai / 136 anuttara arthAt jisase koI zreSTha na ho / 137 sabhI prANiyoM ke lie hitakArI hotA hai138 tathA jJAnAvaraNa Adi dravyakarma aura ajJAnAdi bhAva phala kA vinAza karane se jinavacana pApa ko haranevAlA hotA hai / 139 (4) vinaya- isakA artha hotA hai- maryAdA 14 / ATha prakAra ke azubha karmoM ko vinaya ke dvArA dUra kiyA jAtA hai| isake ATha dvAra haiM- kAla, vinaya, upadhAna, bahumAnI nihnava, vyaMjanazuddhi, arthazuddhi, ubhayazuddhi Adi / 141 kAla- svAdhyAyakAla kAla ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / isI avadhi meM svAdhyAya karanA phalaprada mAnA jAtA hai| saMdhyA, parva, kisI dizA meM Aga laganA, ulkApAta Adi jo kAla chor3ane yogya kahe gae haiN| una kAloM ko chor3akara kiyA gayA adhyayana karma ko naSTa karatA hai| 142 vinaya zruta aura zruta ke dhArakoM kI bhakti vinaya hai / 143 upadhAna- upadhAna kA artha avagraha hai| jabataka Agama kA yaha anuyogadvAra samApta nahIM hotA, taba taka maiM amuka vastu nahIM khAU~gA kA saMkalpa karanA / 144 bahumAna - bahumAna kA artha sammAna hai| pavitra hokara donoM hAtha jor3akara aura mana ko nizcala karake sAdara bhAva se adhyayana karanA bahumAna hai / 145 adhyayana ke pUrva kiyA gayA yaha karma adhyayana ke prati sammAna bhAva kA dyotaka mAnA jAtA hai| nihnava- nihnava apalApa ko kahate haiN| kisI ke pAsa adhyayana karake anya ko guru kahanA apalApa hai, 146 arthAt guru ke upakAra ko nahIM mAnanA / vyaMjanazuddhi- vyaMjana zabda ke prakAzana ko kahate haiM, zabda ke vAcya ko artha kahate haiN| vyaMjana (zabda) svayaM dUsaroM ko jJAna karAne kA sAdhana hai| zabda zrutarUpa bhI ho sakatA hai, kyoMki zruta bhI jJAna karAne kA hetu mAnA jAtA hai| gaNadhara Adi ne doSoM se rahita sUtra race haiM, unakA vaisA hI pATha vyaMjanazuddhi hai, ata: dUsare ke dvArA kiyA gayA zabda zrutakA aviparIta pATha vyaMjanazuddhi hai / 147 arthAt arthazuddhi - vyaMjanazuddhi ke artha kA aviparIta nirUpaNa arthazuddhi hai, 148. ke artha kA yathArtha kathana arthazuddhi hai| sUtra tadubhaya zuddhi- vyajaMnazuddhi aura arthazuddhi hone se jo zuddhi hotI hai, vaha tadubhaya zuddhi kahalAtI hai| 149 ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki koI vyakti sUtra kA artha to
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________________ samAdhimaraNa ThIka kahatA hai, kintu sUtra ko viparIta par3hatA hai| yaha doSa vyaMjanazuddhi se dUra hotA hai| dUsarA vyakti sUtra to ThIka par3hatA hai lekina sUtra kA artha anyathA kahatA hai isa doSamukti ko arthazuddhi kahA gayA hai| isa taraha se ina donoM hI doSoM se mukta hokara sUtra kA yathArUpeNa pATha aura artha karanA hI tadubhaya zuddhi hai| (5) samAdhi - isakA artha hotA hai- mana ko ekAgra krnaa|150 citta ko sthira rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki vacana aura zarIra se zAstrAnusAra AcaraNa karanevAle sAdhu kA mana . yadi nizcala nahIM hotA hai to usakA zrAmaNya naSTa ho jAtA hai|151 (6) aniyata vihAra- isakA artha hai-aniyata kSetra meM vihAra krnaa|152 bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanevAle vyakti ko eka sthAna meM nahIM basanA caahie| use aniyata sthAna meM vihAra karate rahanA cAhie, kyoMki isase darzanavizuddhi, sthitikaraNa, bhAvanA, atizaya arthoM meM nipuNatA (arthakuzalatA) aura kSetroM ke anveSaNa meM sahAyatA milatI hai|153 (7) pariNAma - vyakti dvArA apane kartavya kI AlocanA karanA hI pariNAma kahalAtA hai|154 vyakti apane Atmahita ke bAre meM cintana karatA hai| vaha socatA hai ki maiM darzana-jJAna-cAritra meM cirakAla se ramA rahA / dUsaroM ko Agama ke anusAra nirdoSa grantha aura usake artha kA dAna kiyA hai| isa prakAra para ke upakAra meM samaya biitaa| aba Aja se apanA hita bhI karanA cAhie, yaha ucita bhI hai|155 (8) upAdhi-tyAga - upAdhi arthAt parigraha kA tyAga krnaa|156 mukti ko khojanevAlA vizuddha lezyA se yukta vyakti saMyama ke sAdhana parigraha ko chor3akara zeSa anya parigraha kA mana-vacana-kAya se tyAga kara detA hai|157 kamaNDala, picchI Adi upakaraNa hI saMyama meM sahAyaka mAne jAte haiN| ata: sAdhaka mAtra inheM apane pAsa rakhatA hai aura zeSa kA tyAga kara detA hai| . (9) zreNI - isakA artha hotA hai- zreNI yA sopaan|158 isakA eka artha Azraya bhI mAnA jAtA hai aura Azraya rUpa meM bhAva aura dravya ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhAva pariNAma kA sUcaka hai, jabaki dravya zraddhAna ke artha meM vyavahRta haA hai| ata: bhAva pariNAma bhAvazriti hai, jabaki dravya kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa dUsarA dravyazriti hai| jJAna, zraddhAna, samabhAva Adi guNoM kA Upara-Upara unnata honA guNa pratipatti hai aura yahI bhAva zriti kahalAtI hai| Upara car3hanevAlA nasenI, sIr3hI Adi jisa dravya kA Azraya letA hai use dravyazriti kahate haiN|159 bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanevAle vyakti ko bhAvazriti para ArohaNa karake vihAra karane kA prayatna karanA caahie| .
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 95 (10) bhAvanA isakA artha abhyAsa hotA hai arthAt bAra-bAra eka hI cIja meM pravRtti karanA / 160 bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanevAlA vyakti abhI taka jo saMyamita AcaraNa karatA AyA hai usakA bAra-bAra manana evaM abhyAsa karatA hai| satat abhyAsa karane se vyakti kA zrutajJAna nirmala aura prabala ho jAtA hai| prabala abhyAsa ke bala se smRti binA kheda ke apanA kAma karatI hai| tAtparya hai ki yoga yAnI vacana aura kAya ke vyApAra kA mUla smRti hai / 161 (11) saMlekhanA nAnAprakAra ke bAhya aura Abhyantara tapa ke dvArA vyakti apane kAya aura kaSAya ko kRza karate hue bAhya aura Abhyantara sallekhanA karatA hai| 162 isa prakAra Abhyantara sallekhanA sahita bAhya sallekhanA karane se vyakti ke mana meM saMsAra tyAga karane kA nizcaya dRr3ha hotA hai / 163 (12) dizA AcAryoM dvArA mokSa kA jo upadeza diyA jAtA hai vaha dizA kahalAtA hai| 164 jaba AcArya kisI nae vyakti ko apane saMgha kA AcArya niyukta karate haiM, to saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM ko yaha nirdeza dete haiM ki Apa saba logoM ko isake anusAra dikhAe mArga para calanA cAhie tathA nae AcArya ko bhI aisA samajhAte haiM ki Apako samasta saMgha kI dekha-rekha ThIka DhaMga se karanI cAhie / 165 - (13) kSamaNa - kSamAgrahaNa karane ko kSamaNa kahate haiM / 166 nae niyukta AcArya se evaM saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM se purAne AcArya mana-vacana-kAya se kSamA mAMgate hue kahate haiM- dIrghakAla taka sAtha rahane se utpanna hue mamatA, sneha, dveSa aura rAga se jo kaTu aura kaThora vacana maiMne Apa saboM ko kahA ho unake lie maiM Apa sabhI logoM se kSamA cAhatA huuN| 167 (14) aNuziSTi - zAstrAnusAra zikSA dene ko aNuziSTi kahate haiM / 168 purAne AcArya nae AcArya ko tathA saMgha ke sadasyoM ko zAstrAnusAra upadeza dete hue kahate haiMjJAna-darzana-cAritra ke aticAroM ko dUra karo, yathA kSetra-zuddhi, dravya-zuddhi, bhAva-zuddhi ke binA vAcanA Adi karanA, nihnava, grantha aura artha kI azuddhi, Adara kA abhAva Adi jJAnaviSayaka aticAro zaMkA, kAMkSA, vicikitsA, mithyAdRSTi prazaMsA Adi samyagdarzana ke aticAra haiM tathA samiti kI bhAvanA kA na honA Adi cAritra ke aticAra haiN| AcArya inase bacane kA upadeza dete haiM / 169 isake alAvA dhArmikoM tathA mithyAdRSTiyoM ke sAtha virodha nahIM karane kA bhI nirdeza dete haiM / citta kI zAnti dUra karanevAle vAda-vivAda evaM krodhAdi kaSAyoM se zrI bacane kA nirdeza dete haiN| saMgha ko zikSA dete hue kahate haiM ki mAnava jIvana anitya
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________________ 96 samAdhimaraNa aura azuci se yukta hai| ata: yaha sAra rahita hai| isalie vyakti ko apanA Avazyaka karma karate hue saMyamapUrvaka tapa karanA cAhie, kyoMki binA saMyama ke mAtra tapa se mukti sambhava nahIM hai|170 (15) paragaNacaryA - dUsare saMgha meM jAne ko paragaNacaryA kahate haiN|171 AjJAkopa, kaThora vacana, kalaha, duHkha, nirbhayatA, sneha, dhyAna meM vidhna aura asamAdhi Adi doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie vyakti dUsare saMgha meM jAtA hai|172 / ___ . AjJAkopa - apane saMgha meM rahane para kisI ko AjJA de aura vaha nahIM mAne to isase mana meM krodha kA bhAva tathA pariNAma meM azuddhi A jAtI hai|173 kaThora vacana - kisI vyakti ko usake hita kI bAta kaheM aura vaha nahIM mAne to isase kalaha paidA ho jAtI hai| duHkha - kisI ke doSapUrNa AcaraNa ko dekhakara mana meM duHkha (santApa) paidA ho jAtA hai| nirbhayatA - kisI kA bhaya nahIM rahane ke kAraNa ayogya AcaraNa kA vyavahAra karanA nirbhayatA hai| sneha - mRtyu ke samaya paricita vyaktiyoM se prema hone ke kAraNa sneha kA bhAva paidA ho sakatA hai| karuNA - kisI ko du:khI dekhakara mana meM usake prati jo bhAva AtA hai vaha karuNA hai| dhyAna meM ina sabhI bAtoM ke kAraNa bAdhA par3a sakatI hai aura samAdhi ThIka se nahIM ho pAtI hai| (16) mArgaNA samAdhimaraNa karAne meM samartha AcArya ko khojane ko mArgaNA kahate haiN|174 bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanevAlA vyakti zAstrasammata niryApaka (samAdhimaraNa karAnevAlA) vyakti kI khoja meM nikala par3atA hai| isa kArya ke lie use bahuta samaya taka evaM bahuta dUra kI yAtrA bhI karanI hotI hai|175 zAstrasammata ye AcArya kaSAya se rahita hone ke kAraNa vyakti ke citta ko zAnti pradAna karate haiN|176 bhaktapratyAkhyAna karanevAle vyakti ko apane priya vacanoM se mana aura kAnoM ko sukha denevAlI kathA kahate haiN| isase kSapaka (bhakta pratyAkhyAna karanevAlA vyakti) pahale abhyAsa kie hue zruta ke artha kA smaraNa kara letA hai, arthAt
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa kSapaka kI buddhi jAgrata ho jAtI hai / 177 (17) susthita - para kA upakAra karane meM tathA apane prayojana meM samyak rUpa se sthita AcArya ko susthita (suTThiya) kahate haiM / 178 AcArya kSapaka ko mokSaprApti karanevAlI ArAdhanAoM ko apanI madhura vANI se sunAte haiM tathA use saMyamapUrvaka samasta parISahoM ko sahana karane kA upadeza dete haiN| isa taraha ve para upakAra kA kArya karate haiM / 179 aisA karane se AcArya kI kIrti bhI hotI hai aura apanA bhI upakAra karate hai / 180 97 (18) upasampadA AcArya ke pAsa jAne ko upasampadA kahate haiM / 185 jJAna aura cAritra se yukta kSapaka upayukta AcArya ko khojakara unake pAsa jAtA hai182 aura kahatA hai- dIkSA grahaNa karane se lekara Aja taka maiMne jo doSa kiye hoM, una doSoM ko dUra karake unakI AlocanA karake maiM darzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko zalya - mukta karake usakA pAlana karanA cAhatA huuN| 8 183 (19) parIkSA gaNa, paricAraka, AhAra kI abhilASA chor3ane meM ArAdhaka samartha hai yA nahIM, isakI jAnakArI karanA parIkSA hai / 184 AcArya kSapaka ko ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA karane meM kitanA utsAha hai isakI parIkSA karate haiN| isake alAvA AhAra se sambandhita kSapaka kI lolupatA kI bhI parIkSA karate haiM aura yaha dekhate haiM ki vaha AhAra kI tarapha adhika jhukAva to nahIM rakhatA hai| yaha parIkSA samAdhi ke nimitta kI jAtI hai / 185 (20) pratilekhanA sthAna vizeSa kA anveSaNa karanA pratilekhanA hai| kSapaka kI parIkSA ke bAda AcArya rAjya, kSetra Adi ke acche-bure kI parIkSA karate haiN| yadi rAjya Adi ko azubha dekhate haiM to kSapaka ko anya rAjya yA anya kSetra meM lekara cale jAte haiN| aisA karake kSapaka ke sAthasAtha svayaM para bhI upakAra karate haiM, kyoMki yadi anveSaNa nahIM karate haiM aura rAjya meM kisI taraha kA utpAta hotA hai to kSapaka aura AcArya donoM ko hI kaSTa hotA hai / 186 (21) ApRcchA "jaba koI ArAdhaka samAdhimaraNa ke lie kisI saMgha meM Ae to AcArya kA saMgha se pUchanA ki hama ise svIkAra kareM yA nahIM, ApRcchA hai / 187 jaba kSapaka AcArya se AjJA
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________________ 98 samAdhimaraNa lekara usake saMgha meM AnA cAhatA hai, to AcArya apane saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM se pUchate haiM ki yaha kSapaka hamAre saMgha meM AnA cAhatA hai aura yahA~ hamArI sahAyatA se samAdhimaraNa lenA cAhatA hai| yadi sabhI sadasya isake lie apanI sahamati pradAna kara dete haiM to AcArya kSapaka ko svIkAra kara lete haiN| AcArya apane saMgha ke sadasyoM se kSapaka ko svIkAra karane ke lie nahIM pUcheM to AcArya, kSapaka aura saMgha tInoM ko hI kleza hotA hai / hama logoM ne isa kSapaka ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai, aisA mAnakara saMgha ke sadasya usakI vinaya yA vaiyAvRtya (sevA) nahIM kare to kSapaka ko kleza hotA hai ki ye merI kucha bhI sahAyatA nahIM karate haiN| guru ko kleza hotA hai ki maineM isakA upakAra karanA prArambha kiyA, kintu saMgha ke sadasya isameM sahAyatA nahIM karate haiN| saMgha ke sadasyoM ko bhI kleza hotA hai ki yaha kArya bahuta logoM ke dvArA honevAlA hai, kintu guru yaha nahIM jAnate aura na hI hamAre balAbala kI parIkSA karate haiN| (22) pratikSaNa - eka AcArya dvArA eka samaya meM eka hI kSapaka ko samAdhimaraNa karAnA pratikSaNa (paDicchaNA) hai| 188 saMgha kI anumati mila jAne para AcArya eka hI kSapaka ko samAdhimaraNa karAne ke lie svIkAra karate haiN| aisA isalie ki eka AcArya kI dekharekha meM eka sAtha eka yA do muni hI sallekhanA kara sakate haiM, kyoMki taparUpI agni kI jvAlA meM apane zarIra kI Ahuti denevAle muni kI samAdhi meM vighna AtA hai| isakA .kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi do yA tIna kSapaka saMstara para par3a jAye to citta ko zAnta karanevAlI vinaya vaiyAvRtya Adi meM kamI A jAtI hai| (23) AlocanA 19 kSapaka dvArA guru ke samakSa apane samasta doSoM ko prakaTa karanA AlocanA hai| 189 kSapaka guru se apane samasta prakAra ke doSoM ko kahatA hai| isa dina se lekara amuka kAla meM amuka deza meM, amuka bhAva se jo doSa jisake sAtha jisa prakAra se kiyA ho vaha saba kahanA caahie| deza-bheda, kAla-bheda, pariNAma-bheda aura sahAyakabheda se doSoM meM kamI aura Adhikya hotA hai / doSoM kI gurutA aura laghutA-bheda ke anusAra hI AcArya usake laghu athavA guru prAyazcita kA vidhAna batAte haiM / - (24) guNadoSa - vyakti kI acchAiyA~ usake guNa aura burAiyoM usake doSa kahatAte haiN| AlocanA ke antargata vyakti apane guNadoSa ko hI kahatA hai / vyakti apane aparAdha ke guNadoSa kI AlocanA guru ke samakSa karake halkA anubhava karane lagatA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai ki bahuta bar3e vidvAn aura jJAnI manuSya bhI kSamA Adi dharma meM, saMyama meM jJAna-darzana-tapa Adi meM bhAvazuddhi nahIM rakhate haiM to ve duHkha se pIr3ita hote haiM / 99 arthAt apane dvArA kie gaye aparAdhoM kI AlocanA nahIM karane para unheM duHkha hotA hai, kyoMki
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________________ 'T samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 99 apane pApoM ke guNa-doSa Adi guru se kahane para guru usase bacane ke upAya batAte haiM / 192 (25) zayyA ( vasati) ArAdhaka ke rahane kA sthAna zayyA kahalAtA hai| gAyanazAlA, nRtyazAlA, gajazAlA, kumbhakArazAlA, yaMtrazAlA, dhobI, bAjA bajAnevAle Doma, naTa, rAjamArga ke samIpa kA sthAna, pattharoM ke kAma karanevAloM kA sthAna, puSpavATikA, mAlAkAra kA sthAna, jalAzaya ke samIpa kA sthAna kSapaka ke rahane yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki ina sthAnoM para honevAle kAryoM tathA ho halle se dhyAna-sAdhanA meM vighna utpanna hotA hai / 193 - kSapaka ko aisI vasati meM rahanA cAhie jahA~ mana ko kSobha paidA karanevAle pA~coM indriyoM ke viSayoM kA gamana sambhava nahIM ho| aise sthAna haiM 194 - majabUta dIvAroM evaM kapAToM se yukta ghara, gA~va ke bAhara vaha pradeza jahA~ bacce, bar3e-bUr3he Adi sabhI A sakate hoM, guphA meM, udyAnaghara meM athavA kisI taraha ke zUnyaghara meM rahanA caahie| kSapaka jisa sthAna para nivAsa karatA ho vaha tIna bhAgoM meM ba~TA honA cAhie : 1. kSapaka kA rahane kA sthAna 2. niryApaka evaM sevA karanevAle muniyoM kA sthAna tathA 3. dhArmikajanoM dvArA dhArmika pravacana kahane athavA sunane kA sthAna / (26) saMstara - kSapaka ArAdhanA ke lie jisa para baiThatA hai use saMstara kahate haiN|195 kSapaka samAdhi ke nimitta aise saMstara para baiThatA hai jo jIva-jantu se rahita, bahuta choTA aura na bahuta bar3A ho, donoM samaya arthAt sUryodaya tathA sUryAsta ke samaya pratilekhanA dvArA zuddha kiyA gayA ho aura zAstra meM nirdiSTa krama ke anusAra banAyA gayA ho jisa para leTane se sira uttara dizA athavA pUrva dizA kI ora rhe| pUrva dizA meM sUrya ke udita hone bahudhA mAMgalika kAryoM ke lie pUrva dizA acchI mAnI jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke prati bhakti pradarzita karane ke uddezya se uttara dizA bhI zubha mAnI jAtI hai, kyoMki isI dizA meM tIrthaMkara sthita hote haiN| se (27) niryApaka - ArAdhaka ke samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka muni yA AcArya 196 jinheM dharma priya hai, dharma meM sthira rahate hoM, saMsAra ko anitya samajhakara usase Darate hoM, pApAcaraNa se Darate hoM, dhairyavAna hoM, jIvana ke abhiprAya ko jAnate hoM, pratyAkhyAna ke krama ko jAnate hoM tathA vizvAsa karane yogya hoM, aise hI vyakti niryApaka hote haiM, 197 kyoMki yadi vyakti (AcArya) ina samasta guNoM se yukta nahIM hoMge to kSapaka ko samAdhimaraNa ke
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________________ 100 samAdhimaraNa patha para aDiga rahane kA sandeza kaise de pAegeM? (28) prakAzana - ArAdhaka ke sAmane antima AhAra kA prastutIkaraNa prakAzana (payAsaNA) hai|198 eka hI bAra meM kSapaka tInoM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga nahIM kara pAtA hai, kyoMki aisA hone para usake mana meM AhAra ke prati vyAkulatA banI rahatI hai| ata: kSapaka ke sAmane uttama se uttama bhojana alaga-alaga pAtroM meM sajAkara lAyA jAtA hai| jaba vaha saMtuSTa ho jAtA hai to usake sAmane antima AhAra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai|99 (29) hAni - kSapaka kA AhAra ke prati Asakti AhAra kI abhilASA meM doSa dikhAne para bhI khatma nahIM hotI hai to AcArya samAdhimaraNa karanevAle kSapaka ko saba AhAra dikhalAkara krama se eka-eka AhAra chur3Ate hue usake mana se AhArAsakti ko dUra karate haiN|200 (30) pratyAkhyAna - tInoM prakAra kA AhAra-tyAga pratyAkhyAna kahalAtA hai| krama se AhAra kA tyAga karane ke bAda kSapaka ke udara-mala kA zodhana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prakriyA ho jAne ke bAda kSapaka jIvanaparyanta ke lie azana, khAdya aura svAdya tInoM prakAra ke samasta AhAra kA tyAga kara detA hai|201 (31) kSamApanA - kSamA yAcanA karanA kSamApanA hai|202 kSapaka saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM se kSamAyAcanA karatA hai| kSapaka sabake pAsa kSamA mAMgane svayaM nahIM jA sakatA hai| ata: usakI tarapha se, sabakI ora se kSamA yAcanA kA sandeza lekara AcArya jAte haiN| apane sAtha usa kSapaka kI picchikA lekara jAte haiM aura saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM ko usakI picchikA dikhAkara kahate haiM ki vaha Apa saba se kSamA mAMgatA hai| (32) kSamaNa - sabako kSamA pradAna karanA kSamaNa hai| kSapaka sabase kSamA mAMgane ke bAda sabhI ko kSamA pradAna karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki jisa saMgha meM maiMne itane dinoM taka apanI sAdhanA ko nirvighna samApta kiyA hai usakA mujhapara RNa hai| yaha saMgha karmoM se chur3AtA hai, kyoMki saMgha guNoM kA samUha hai| saMgha ke sadasyoM dvArA kie gaye doSoM ko maiM krodhAdi doSoM se rahita hokara apane mana se nikAla detA hU~ tathA sarvasaMgha ko kSamA pradAna karatA huuN|203 (33) aNuziSTi - niryApakAcArya dvArA jo zikSA dI jAtI hai, vaha aNuziSTi hai|204 niryApakAcArya saMstara para ArUr3ha kSapaka ko zikSA dete hue kahate haiM ki aba tumhArA maraNa samaya nikaTa A gayA hai, tuma zuddhipUrvaka samAdhi kro| tattvazraddhAna se mithyAdarzana
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 101 ko saralatA se mAyA ko aura bhogoM kI nispRhatA se nidAna ko dUra karake niHzalya bno| vyAdhi, upasarga, parISaha, asaMyama, mithyAjJAna, Adi vipadAoM kA pratikAra karake vaiyAvRtya karanevAle vasati, saMstara, picchI Adi kA zodhana karake sallekhanA kro| (34) smaraNa - duHkha se pIr3ita hokara behoza hue cetanArahita ArAdhaka ko saceta karanA smaraNa hai| vedanA, parISaha, upasarga Adi se vyAkula hokara kSapaka apane vaza meM nahIM rahe to AcArya ko kSapaka ko samajhAte hue yaha kahanA cAhie - he ! sundara aacaarvaale| tuma dInatA aura mUr3hatA kA tyAga kro| cAritra meM bAdhADAlane vAlI choTI yA bar3I vyAdhiyoM se utpanna asahya vedanA ko dhairya se jIto / rAga aura dveSa kA tyAga karo. yahI zuddha cAritra ke lakSaNa haiN| vyAdhi ko dUra karane ke upAyoM meM Adara karanevAle tathA vyAdhi aura vedanA se dveSa karanevAle kA cAritra naSTa hotA hai| ataH cAritra kI zuddhatA ke lie ina vighnoM ko tumheM cetanA jagA kara jItanA caahie| (35) kavaca - duHkha dUra karane kA guNa kavaca hai / vedanA, parISahoM ko jItakara kSapaka ko aisA vicAra karanA cAhie ki hameM jo duHkha ho rahA hai vaha pUrva meM kie gae karmoM ke kAraNa hai aura yahI duHkha hameM samasta karmoM se mukti dilaaegaa| aba isa samaya ke duHkha ko karja ke samAna samajhakara utAranA arthAt RNa mukta honA cAhie aura isase agara kisI prakAra kI vedanA hotI hai to usase duHkhI nahIM honA cAhie / 206 o (36) samatA samatva bhAva ko apanAnA hI samatA (samadA) hai| kavaca se upagRhita hokara kSapaka iSTa, aniSTa, sparza, rasa, rUpa, gandha, ihaloka, paraloka, jIvanamaraNa, mAna-apamAna se mukta tathA rAga-dveSa se rahita ho jAtA hai| 207 vaha uparyukta samasta paristhitiyoM meM samatA kA bhAva banAe rakhatA hai aura isa taraha se apane citta ko nirmala banAtA hai, kyoMki kSapaka yaha jAnatA hai ki rAga- ga-dveSa samyak ratnatraya ko naSTa kara dete haiM aura isase bhaktapratyAkhyAna karane meM doSa A jAtA hai| - (37) dhyAna - uttama saMhananavAle ke ekAgra cintA nirodha ko dhyAna kahA jAtA ( hai / 28 cintA nirodha meM nirodha zabda kA artha rokanA hai| dhyAna kI sahAyatA se kSapaka kaSAyoM kA nAza karatA hai, kyoMki kaSAyoM ke saMhAra (nAza) karane meM dhyAna Ayudha kA kArya karatA hai| dhyAna dvArA samasta kaSAyoM kA nAza karake kSapaka bhaktapratyAkhyAna karane ko tatpara rahatA hai aura jaba vaha bolane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai taba apanI bAtoM ko vaha izAre se batAtA hai, jaise hAthoM kI aMjuli banAkara, bhauM meM gati dekara muThI banAkara yA sira hilAkara Adi / isase AcArya ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki kSapaka apanI samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA
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________________ 102 meM rata hai| 210 (38) lezyA - kaSAya se anurakta mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti ko lezyA kahate haiN| dhyAna tathA anya adhikAroM kI sahAyatA se kSapaka samasta prakAra ke kaSAyoM se mukta ho samatA kA bhAva prApta karatA hai aura vizuddha lezyApUrvaka krama se pIta, padma aura zukla- ina tIna zubha lezyA kA pariNamana karatA huA upazama yA kSapaka zreNI para ArohaNa karatA hai| ina lezyAoM kI sahAyatA se kSapaka samasta parigrahoM kA sarvathA ke lie tyAga kara detA hai, jisase lezyA meM vizuddhi A jAtI hai / 212 samAdhimaraNa (39) phala ArAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa jo mokSa yA mukti kI prApti hotI hai, use ArAdhanA kA phala kahate haiN| ArAdhanA karate hue kSapaka kevalajJAnI ho jAtA hai aura vaha sampUrNa klezoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / usakI jaba mRtyu hotI hai to vaha mukti ko prApta kara letA hai| 263 - (40) parityAga - kSapaka ke dehatyAga karane ke bAda jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, vaha parityAga hai| kSapaka jaba zarIra tyAga detA hai arthAt usakI mRtyu ho jAtI hai to usake zarIra ko jaMgala meM muniyoM dvArA hI visarjita karane kI prAcIna paramparA thI / aisI sthiti meM usake sAtha muni ke kucha upakaraNa bhI rakhe jAte the| vartamAna meM to gRhasthoM dvArA dAhasaMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| kSapaka kI jisa samaya mRtyu hotI hai use usI samaya vahA~ se haTA diyA jAtA hai| kSapaka ke sAtha kucha muni ke upakaraNa bhI rakhe jAte haiN| agara bhaktapratyAkhyAna lenevAlI koI AryikA yA koI gRhasthA ho to usake lie zivikA banAyI jAtI hai aura usa zivikA meM usake zava ko rakhakara saMstara ke sAtha use bA~dha diyA jAtA hai| samaya Adi kA dhyAna karake kSapaka ke zava ke sAtha putalA bhI rakhA jAtA hai| jisa dina kSapaka kI mRtyu hotI hai usa dina saMgha ke samasta sadasyoM ko upavAsa hotA hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI yaha mAnyatA hai ?214 anta meM kSapaka kI stuti kara aisA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki ve dhanya haiM jinhoMne bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa ko pUrNa kiyA aura jo prApta karane yogya thA use unhoMne prApta kara liyA arthAt unhoMne sabhI kucha prApta kara liyA hai / 215 isa taraha se savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kA vivecana cAlIsa adhikAra - sUtroM kI sahAyatA se yahA~ prastuta kiyA gyaa| avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna anAyAsamaraNa upasthita ho jAne para vyakti avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa karatA haibhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai216- sarpa, Aga, vyAghra, bhaiMsA, hAthI, rIcha, zatru, cora,
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 103 mleccha, mUrchA yA visUcikA Adi roga se tatkAla maraNa kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAe taba vyakti ko avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa grahaNa karanA caahie| isake tIna bheda haiM. 18 I. niruddha, II. niruddhatara aura III. paramaniruddha / (J) niruddha - tatkAla maraNa kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAe aura vyakti zaktihIna hone ke kAraNa yA rogagrasta hone ke kAraNa apane hI saMgha meM rUkA rahe, dUsaroM se sahAyatA lekara apanI ArAdhanAoM kA pAlana karatA ho, to aise vyakti kA maraNa niruddha bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahalAtA hai|218 (II) niruddhatara - tatkAlamaraNa kA kAraNa utpanna ho jAe aura vyakti kA citta asahya vedanA ke kAraNa vyAkula ho aura use yaha jJAta ho jAe ki usakI Ayu zIghra hI samApta honevAlI hai, to aise samaya meM use AcArya ke samIpa apane doSoM kI samyaka rUpa se AlocanA kara ratnatraya kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara hokara vasati, saMstara, AhAra, upadhi, zarIra tathA anya sAMsArika vastuoM se apane mamatva kA tyAga karanA caahie| zakti se hIna hone ke kAraNa vaha kisI aura sthAna para nahIM jA pAtA hai, phalata: jisa sthAna para rukA rahatA hai vahIM bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa karatA hai| aise vyakti kA maraNa niruddhatara bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahalAtA hai|219 (III) parama niruddha - sahasA maraNa kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAye, sarpa Adi ke DaMsane ke kAraNa vANI bhI naSTa ho jAe aura vyakti ko yaha anubhava ho jAe ki usakI Ayu samApta honevAlI hai, to use kisI AcArya ke pAsa jAkara apane aparAdhoM kI AlocanA karanI caahie| aise vyakti ke maraNa ko paramaniruddha bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kahate haiN|220 2. iMginImaraNa iMginImaraNa kA artha hai- apane (AtmA ko) iMgita arthAt sAmarthya ke anusAra sthita hokara pravRtti karate hue maraNa svIkAra krnaa| isameM vyakti apanI zArIrika ceSTAoM ko niyamita kara letA hai tathA aisI pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM isa vizeSa kSetra kI sImA se bAhara nahIM jaauNgaa| isa maraNa meM vyakti apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai| kisI aura kI sevA vaha nahIM letA hai, kyoMki kisI aura kI sevA lene kA isa.maraNa meM niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM iMginImaraNa para vyApaka rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai| arddhamAgadhI koza meM iMginImaraNa ke svarUpa ko isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA gayA hai221- zAstra meM kahI huI hada (sImA)
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________________ 104 samAdhimaraNa meM rahakara vaiyAvRtya karAye binA saMthArA karanA iMginImaraNa hai| samavAyAMga, bhaktapariNNA, pravacanasAroddhAra meM iMginImaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArya zIlAMka AcArAMga kI TIkA meM iMginImaraNa ke svarUpa kA vivecana isa rUpa meM karate haiM:- kSapaka niyamapUrvaka guru ke samIpa cAro AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai aura maryAdita sthAna meM niyamita ceSTA karatA hai| karavaTa badalanA, uThanA yA kAyika gamana (laghanIti-bar3InIti) Adi bhI svayaM karatA hai| dhairyavAna, balayukta mani saba kArya apane Apa karatA hai, dUsaroM kI sahAyatA nahIM letaa| isa prakAra vidhipUrvaka iMginImaraNa karake caramapada kA adhikArI banatA hai| gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) meM iMginImaraNa ko spaSTa karate hue likhA gayA hai ki apane zarIra kI sevA-sazrRSA vyakti apane aMgoM kI sahAyatA se svayaM kare, use kisI taraha kA roga ho jAe to apane roga kA upacAra bhI svayaM kare, usakA upacAra kisI anya se nahIM karAve ityAdi / ina vidhiyoM kA pAlana karate hue yadi vyakti kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, to isa maraNa ko iMginImaraNa kahA jAtA hai|223 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM iMginImaraNa para gaharAI se vicAra karate hue isake mahattva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa grantha ke anusAra jisa vyakti ko iMginImaraNa grahaNa karanA hotA haiM vaha apane paricitoM ko isakI sUcanA de detA hai (yathA-saMgha meM rahanevAle saMgha ke sadasyoM ko) aura vaha vyakti iMginImaraNa se saMbaMdhita vividha prakAra kI sAdhanA apanAkara apane citta meM yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki maiM iMginImaraNa kruuNgaa| taba zubha pariNAmoM kI saraNI para ArohaNa karake tapa Adi kI bhAvanA kA cintana karate hue apane zarIra tathA kaSAyoM ko kRza karatA hai| 224 ratnatraya meM lage doSoM kI AlocanA karatA hai tathA apane saMgha se alaga hokara kisI ekAnta sthAna meM nivAsa karane ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| vaha ekAnta sthAna gA~va ke bAhara, pahAr3a kI guphA, jaMgala Adi ho sakatA hai| yadi vaha vyakti kisI saMgha kA AcArya hai to apane jagaha kisI yogya vyakti ko AcArya pada para AsIna karake saMgha se prasthAna karatA hai| ekAnta sthAna para vaha isalie nivAsa karane calA jAtA hai, kyoMki vahA~ usake apane zarIra ke sivAya koI anya sahAyaka nahIM hotA hai|225 --ekAnta sthAna meM kSapaka yaha cintana karatA rahatA hai ki isa saMsAra meM merA koI sahayogI nahIM hai aura na maiM kisI kA sAtha de sakatA hU~, kyoMki pratyeka AtmA apane kRtakarma ke anusAra sukha-duHkha kA sevana svayaM karatI hai| koI bhI zakti usameM parivartana - nahIM kara sakatI hai| svayaM AtmA hI apane samyak puruSArtha ke dvArA usa karma-bandhana ko tor3akara mukta bana sakatI hai| isIlie yaha AtmA akelA hI sUkha-duHkha kA saMvedana karatI hai aura karma-bandha kA kartA evaM hartA bhI akelA hI hotI hai|226
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 105 vyakti krama se AhAra ko kama karate hue antataH samasta prakAra ke AhAroM kA tyAga kara detA hai| | 227 AcArAMga meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki kSapaka binA svAda. lie hI prAsuka evaM eSaNIya yA jaisA bhI AhAra milatA ho grahaNa karatA hai| isameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki sAdhaka AhAra ko mu~ha meM rakhakara eka ora se dUsarI ora na le jAye arthAt jaldI se jaldI nigala jaaye| isase AhAra ke svAda kI anubhUti mAtra usI tarapha vAle jIbha kI hotI hai jisa tarapha AhAra rahatA hai dUsare bhAga ko nhiiN| isa prakAra anAsakta bhAva se vaha AhAra grahaNa karatA hai, jisase zarIra kA rakta aura mAMsa sUkha jAtA hai aura anta meM kSapaka AhAra lenA bhI banda kara detA hai| sAtha hI vaha samasta parigrahoM kA bhI tyAga kara detA hai| 228 samasta parigrahoM kA tyAga karake dhairya bala se yukta vaha kSapaka saba parigrahoM ko jItatA hai aura lezyA-vizuddhi se sampanna hokara dharmadhyAna karatA hai| 229 vaha vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kA abhyAsa karatA hai, jisake prabhAva se vaha zubha-azubha tathA hara prakAra kI sAMsArika, daivika, vaikriyakagRddhika (bhUta, rAkSasa), AhArikagRddhika yA cAraNagRddhika athavA kSIrAtravagRddhika se mukta ho jAtA hai| isI taraha se iMginImaraNa karake koI to samasta klezoM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura koI marakara vaimAnikadeva hotA hai / 231 zvetAmbara mAnya sAhitya meM iMginImaraNa ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa anazana para dRr3ha vizvAsa hone se bhayaMkara upasargoM ke A par3ane para bhI kSapaka anudvigna, kRtakRtya evaM saMsAra-sAgara se pAragAmI hotA hai / eka dina vaha isa samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA apane jIvana ko sArthaka karake caramalakSya - mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| sacamuca samabhAva aura dhairyapUrvaka iMginImaraNa kI sAdhanA se apane zarIra kA to vimokSa hotA hI hai, anekoM mumukSuoM evaM vimokSa sAdhakoM ke lie vaha preraNAdAyaka bana jAtA hai / 232 tAtparya yaha haiM ki sAdhaka bhavayoni ke cakra meM na ulajhakara sIdhe nirvANa prApta kara sakatA hai| 3. prAyopagamanamaraNa prAyopagamanamaraNa meM vyakti apanI samasta kriyAoM kA niSedha kara detA haiN| vaha apane zarIra kI sevA na to svayaM karatA hai aura na kisI anya se karavAtA hai| vibhinna jaina, granthoM meM isa maraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai| ise pATopagamana yA pAdapopagamana ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| AcArAMga kI apanI vyAkhyA meM AtmArAma jI ma0 ne ise pAdopagamanamaraNa 23 kahA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM madhukara muni jI dvArA sampAdita AcArAMga meM likhita vicAroM ko uddhata karanA bhI samIcIna jAna par3atA hai 234 - digambara paraMparA meM prAyopagamana ke badale prAyogyagamana evaM pAdapopagamana ke sthAna para pAdopagamana zabda milate haiN| bhava kA aMta karane
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________________ 106 samAdhimaraNa ke yogya saMhanana aura saMsthAna ko prAyogya kahate haiN| prAyogya kI prApti honA - prAyogyagamana hai| pairoM se calakara yogya sthAna meM jo maraNa svIkArA jAtA hai, use pAdopagamana kahate haiN|" gommaTasAra meM prAyopagamanamaraNa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa zarIratyAga meM vyakti apane tathA dUsare ke dvArA upacAra (sevA) nahIM karAve arthAt apanI Tahala na to Apa kare aura na dUsaroM ke karAyeM aise maraNa ko prAyopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN|235 AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki isa maraNa ko aMgIkAra karanevAlA sAdhaka jIva janturahita sthaNDilasthAna kA samyak nirIkSaNa karake vahA~ acetanavata sthira hokara par3A rahatA hai 36 jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM prAyopagamanamaraNa para carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti apane zarIra ko samyak rUpa se kRza karatA hai arthAt usakA asthi carma mAtra hI zeSa raha jAtA hai, vahI prAyogamanamaraNa karatA hai| isa maraNa meM vyakti tRNa yA ghAsa ke saMthAre kA prayoga nahIM karatA hai, kyoMki isameM vyakti na to svayaM apanI vaiyAvRtya (sevA) karavAtA hai aura na dUsaroM se karAtA hai,237 parantu AcArAMga meM tRNa athavA ghAsa ke rUpa meM saMthAre kA prayoga karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| 238 vaha vyakti jahA~ jisa sthAna para par3A rahatA hai vahIM kaTe hue per3a ke DAla kI taraha par3A rahatA hai aura sabhI taraha kI sAMsArika kriyAoM se apane ko virata kara letA hai| yadi koI usakA abhiSeka karatA hai to vaha na to usako manA hI karatA hai aura na hI aisA karane ke lie kahatA hai| koI use kisI aise sthAna para uThAkara rakha detA hai jahA~ hiMsaka paza-pakSI rahate hoM, jisake kAraNa usakI mRtyu hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI hai to bhI vaha samabhAvapUrvaka usI sthAna para Ayu ke samApta hone taka par3A rahatA hai|239 prAyopagamanamaraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA kSapaka prArambha meM hI yaha nirNaya le letA hai ki vaha kASThavata apane sthAna para yAvatjIvana par3A rahegA kisI bhI taraha ke upasargoM se vicalita nahIM hogaa| isa taraha vyakti prAyopagamanamaraNa kassA hai| prAyopagamanamaraNa vahI kSapaika karatA hai jisakI Ayu alpa rahatI hai| isI kAraNa vaha na to svayaM apane zarIra kI sevA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai|240 prAyopagamanamaraNa ke do bheda kie gae haiM241 - 1- nihAra athavA nirhArima tathA 2- anihAra athavA ani rim| 1.ni rima- yaha anazana yadi grAma Adi (bastI) ke aMdara kiyA jAtA hai to
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa nirjharima hotA hai arthAt prANatyAga ke pazcAt dAha-saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| 42 kSapaka ko koI usake usa sthAna para se kisI kAraNavaza haTAkara dUsare sthAna para rakha de aura usakA usa dUsare sthAna para maraNa ho jAe to vaha nihAra (nirhArima) prAyopagamanamaraNa kahalAta hai| 2. anihArima - prANatyAga ke pazcAt yadi dAha-saMskAra nahIM kiyA jAtA hai to yaha maraNa ani rima kahalAtA hai|244 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ise spaSTa karate hae kahA gayA hai ki agara kSapaka kI mRtyu usake samAdhi lenevAle sthAna para hI ho to usakA maraNa anihAra (anirima) prAyogamanamaraNa kahalAtA hai|245 . AcArAMga meM prAyopagamanamaraNa para carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki isa maraNa meM mukhya rUpa se nimnalikhita sAta bAteM vizeSa AcaraNIya hotI haiM.46 1. nirdhArita sthAna se svayaM calita nahIM honaa| 2. zarIra kA sarvathA vyutsarga krnaa| parISahoM, upasargoM se jarA bhI vicalita na honA, anukUla aura pratikUla donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM samabhAva rhnaa| 4. ihaloka aura paraloka sambandhI kAma-bhogoM meM Asakti nahIM rkhnaa| sAMsArika vAsanAoM aura lolupatAoM ko nahIM apnaanaa| zAsakoM yA divya bhogoM ke svAmiyoM ke dvArA bhogoM ke lie Amantrita kie jAne para lAlaca nahIM krnaa| 7. samasta prakAra ke padArthoM se anAsakta rhnaa| samAdhimaraNa ke ina tInoM prakAra kI carcA karane ke bAda ina tInoM meM mukhya antara kyA haiM? isa para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra 247- bhaktapratyAkhyAna maraNa meM kSapaka apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai aura dUsaroM se bhI karavAtA hai| iMginImaraNa meM apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai, dUsaroM se nahIM karavAtA hai tathA prAyopagamanamaraNa meM kSapaka na to svayaM apanI sevA karatA hai aura na hI dUsaroM se sevA karavAtA hai| yahI uparyukta tInoM meM mukhya antara hai| AcArya AtmArAmajI ne bhI ina tInoM ke antara ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAna meM kevala AhAra evaM kaSAya kA tyAga hotA hai, isameM sAdhaka eka sthAna ne dUsare sthAna meM A jA sakatA hai| parantu iMginImaraNa meM bhUmi kI maryAdA hotI hai, vaha 3
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________________ 108. samAdhimaraNa maryAdita bhUmi (nirdhArita sImA kSetra) se bAhara A jA nahIM sakatA hai| pAdopagamana (prayopagamana) meM pezAba, zauca Adi Avazyaka kriyAoM ke atirikta zArIrika aMga-upAMgo kA saMkoca-vistAra evaM halana-calana Adi sabhI kriyAoM kA tyAga hotA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke uparyukta tInoM bheda- bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa, iMginimaraNa tathA prAyopagamanamaraNa-para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| maraNa ke ina tInoM hI prakAra meM sAdhaka yAvajjIvana ke lie caturdika yA trividha AhAra kA tyAga karake samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa karanevAlA sAdhaka bhojana kA tyAga karatA hai tathA apanI sevA-suzruSA evaM Avazyaka kAryoM kA sampAdana svayaM bhI karatA hai evaM AvazyakatA hone para anya vyaktiyoM se bhI sahAyatA letA hai| bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kI carcA karate hue usake do rUpoM-savicAra aura avicAra para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| savicAra AyakAla adhika rahane para tathA avicAra AyukAla kama rahane para kiyA jAtA hai| savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa kI vivecanA cAlIsa adhikAroM/dvAroM kI sahAyatA se kI gaI hai| ina adhikAroM/dvAroM meM savicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAna lenevAle kI yogyatA se lekara usakI mRtyu hone ke samaya taka kyA-kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA-kyA nahIM karanA cAhie isa para vistAra se vivacana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAla meM kisa taraha kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie. kaise kaSAya evaM kAya ko kSINa karanA cAhie, kisa taraha ke saMthAre kA upayoga karanA cAhie, kisa taraha kI bhAvanA mana meM rakhanI cAhie tathA kaise AcArya ke pAsa apane guNa-doSa ke jocanA karanI cAhie Adi para vistAra se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| anta meM ArAdhakaba apane zarIra kA tyAga kara detA hai, taba kisa prakAra se usakA antima saMskAra karanA cAhie.isa para bhI carcA kI gaI hai| iMginImaraNa lenevAlA vyakti sthAna-vizeSa ko iMgita karake usI sImA kSetra meM vihAra karate hue apanI Avazyaka kriyAoM kA sampAdana karatA hai| apane kAryoM ko pUrNa karane ke lie vaha svayaM uttaradAyI hotA hai| isa kArya ke lie vaha kisI anya vyakti se madada nahIM letA hai| isa maraNa ko svIkAra karanevAlA sAdhaka niyata kSetra meM saMthAre para ArUr3ha hokara kAya aura kaSAya ko kSINa karate hue zAnta citta se mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| prAyopagamanamaraNa karanevAlA vyakti kaTe hue per3a ke DAla kI bhA~ti eka sthAna para par3A rahatA hai| apanI Avazyaka kriyAoM kA sampAdana karane ke lie vaha na to svayaM apanI sahAyatA karatA hai aura na kisI dUsaroM se sahAyatA letA hai, parantu isa anazanamaraNa meM * eka chUTa yaha hai ki vyakti mala-mUtra tyAga karane ke lie jIvAdi prANiyoM se mukta sthAnoM ernational
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 109 kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| isake bAda vanaspati kI taraha apane samasta zarIra ko nizceSTa karake eka hI sthAna para zAnta bhAva se sthira rahakara dehapatana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| ye tInoM hI prakAra ke maraNa zreSTha haiM tathA ina tInoM kI sahAyatA se mukti sambhava hai, lekina vyakti ko apanI zakti aura sAmarthya ke anusAra ina tInoM meM se kisI eka prakAra ke maraNa kI vidhi ko cunakara unakA anukaraNa karanA caahie| sAdhanA tathA saMyama kI ugratA ko lekara bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa zreSTha hai, iMginImaraNa zreSThatara hai tathA prAyopagamanamaraNa zreSThatama hai| kyoMki jahA~ bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa meM vyakti apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai aura dUsaroM se bhI karavAtA hai evaM vaha kahIM bhI vihAra kara sakatA hai, vahI iMginImaraNa lenevAlA vyakti eka niyata kSetra meM hI vihAra kara sakatA hai tathA apanI sevA svayaM karatA hai kisI anya kI sahAyatA nahIM letA hai| isa kAraNa iMginImaraNa bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa se zreSTha hai| prAyopagamanamaraNa meM vyakti na to svayaM apanI sevA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se hI karavAnA hai| jahA~ taka vihAra karane kA prazna hai- isa maraNa ko aMgIkAra karanevAlA kASThavata eka jagaha par3A rahatA hai| deha kA adhika halana-calana nahIM karatA hai, isI kAraNa prAyopagamanamaraNa ina tInoM meM hI zreSThatama hai| maraNa kI ina tIna vidhiyoM kA varNana isa uddezya se kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti apanI kSamatA ke anurUpa ina tInoM meM se kisI eka vidhi ko apanAkara mRtya grahaNa kare aura mokSa kI prApti kre| kyoMki yaha kahA gayA hai ki paNDitamaraNa kI ina tIna vidhiyoM meM se kisI eka ko apanAne se vyakti karmAvaraNa ko kSINa kara mokSa kI prApti kara sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke sAdhanAkAla kA vibhAjana bhaktapratyAkhyAna dvArA samAdhimaraNa prApta karanevAle ke lie kahA gayA hai ki vaha jaghanya (kama se kama) 6 mAsa, madhyama 4 varSa aura utkRSTa 12 varSa taka tapa kre|249 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI ise pUrNa karane kA kAla bAraha varSa mAnA gayA hai|" ina bAraha varSoM kA upayoga kisa prakAra kiyA jAya isa para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai, prathamacAra varSa nAnA prakAra ke kAya klezoM ko dUra karane meM bitAyA jAtA hai, bAda ke cAra varSa meM vibhinna taraha ke bhojya padArthoM kA tyAga karake zarIra ko sukhAne meM bitAyA jAtA hai|255 zeSa cAra varSoM meM se do varSa kAMjI aura rasa vyaMjana Adi se rahita AhAra khAkara vyatIta kiyA jAtA hai| eka varSa mAtra kAMjI AhAra liyA jAtA hai| antima bArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaha mahIne meM madhyama tapa kiyA jAtA hai tathA antima chaha mahIne utkRSTa tapa karake bitAyA jAtA hai|252 isa taraha se vyakti bAraha varSoM kA sampUrNa samaya jaghanya (kama se kama) madhyama aura utkRSTa tapa karake bitAtA hai|
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________________ 110 sandarbha 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. samAdhimaraNa NA'NAgamo maccumuhassa atthi / AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/2/134 jAtasya hi dhruvo mRtyuH / gItA, 2 / 27 je pAvakamme hi dhaNaM maNussA samAyayantI amaI ghaayaa| pahAya te pAsaparyaTTie nare verANubaddhA narayaM uventi // uttarAdhyayana 4 / 2. tAle jaha baMdhaNaccute, evaM Aukhayammi tRTTatI / sUtrakRtAMgasUtra 1/2/1/94 mANaM tume devANuppiyAtaM savvaM nivAremi // jJAtAdharmakathAGga, 5/17. tae NaM se..... mama jIviyaMtakaraNaM maccuM ejjamANaM nivAresi // vahI, 5/18. tae NaM se kAhe.. . paNNattha appaNo kammakkhaeNaM / vahI, 5 / 19. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, saMpA0- zrI amara muni, pR0 - 35. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 482-483. mArkaNDeyapurANa 10/3/5,7 matazcAhaM punarjAto jAtazcAhaM punarmataH / nAnAyonisahastrANi mayA dRSTAnyanekadhA / padmapurANa, 2/39, na kurvanti mahAtmAno vyarthameva na saMzayaH / paJcabhUtAtmakaM kAyaM kevalaM sandhijarjaram / / vahI, 1/2/14. Death and Modern Man. P. 1 Weismann - Essay upon Heredity, Vol - I. p. 111. La Vie C'est La mort- Clayde Bernard. Life is from the first, a continuous transition form living to death and death is immanent in life. Death and Modern Man. P.6 "Man will never conquer death" It is the price we have to pay forour ability, the compactness of our body, the beauty of our consciousness. Carrel. Alexis. The Mystery of Death, P. 25. New York, 1955 Death in commonly and very truly called the king of terrors. Williami Sherlock. Where as death fomerly was conceived of as catastrophe. the result of a collision between the mechanical outside world and the organism. death is seen now as a process that the organism brings about by itself. Death and Modern Man, p. 7. A man as long as lives he suffers from the fear of death. Prof. Ludwig R. Muller. The fear of death constitutes an essential reaction of all human beinge. Dr. Frank Caprio, Death and Modern Man, P. 70. Man shuns death and is sad about it- Thomas Acquino. The enevitable end of human life. E.H. Connel Death and Modern Man. P. 117.
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________________ 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. nae dharma kI khoja, pR0 - 102. vahI, pR0 - 108. pR0 108-109. paramasakhA mRtyu, pR0 - 17. udghRta, mRtyu- zikhara mahotsava, vahI, vahI, pR0 14. vahI, pR0 - 14. vahIM, samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa pR0 - 13. pR0 - 14. For death is to be defined as the end of an individual life process and this is as much as an end through division of the cell as it is with the death of the organism. Erhenberg. The Running Toward Death. P. 559-566 Death and Modern Man, p. 1. The sun of functions which resist death. Xavier Wachet Death and Modern man, P. 1. Death that is the end of life, an attribute of all organisms. An enimen senumber of low organisms do not die. although they are easily destroyed, being Killed by hest, poison etc. As long as those Conditions which are necessary for their life are fulfilled. they continiue to live. I consider that death is not a primary necessity, but that it has been seconderily acquired as an adoptation. I beleived that life is endowed with a fixed duration. August Weismann. Essays upon Heredity, Vol. I. P. 24 santi yaduve ThANA akkhAyA mAraNAntiyA / akAma-maraNaM ceva sakAma-maraNaM tahA / / uttarAdhyayana, 5/2 41. 42. vahI, pR0 - 9. 43. vahI, pR0 9. 111 tivihaM bhAMti maraNaM bAlANaM bAlapaMDiyANaM ca / taiyaM paMDiyamaraNaM jaM kevaliNo annumti|| mUlAcAra (pUrvArddha), 59. maraNaM bAlabAlAkhyaM nindyaM bAlAhvayaM tataH / bAlapaNDitanAmAdyaM trividhaM paNDitAbhidham / / samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, 11 dviruktaM paNDitaM caite sapta bhedA matA mRteH / durddazAM bAlabAlaM kumaraNaM syAtkujanmadam / / vahI, 12. vahI, pR0 8. vahI, pR0 8- 9. bAlapaMDitasaMjJaM zrAvakANAM dRgvatAtmanAm / vahI, 13.
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________________ 112 44. 45. 46. 47. 48 : 49. 50. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. vahI, pR0- 9. kevalajJAninAM paNDitapaNDitAhvayaM mahat / zubhAzubhAni sapteti maraNAnyuktAni cAgame / / vahI, samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, pR0 15. paMDitapaMDidamaraNaM ca paMDidaM bAlapaMDidaM samAdhimaraNa ceva / edANi tiNi maraNANi jiNA NiccaM pasaMsati // vahI, samyagamRtyUnamUna jJAtvA sarvayatnena dhIdhanAH / - 15. maraNaM paNDitAbhikSyaM sAdhayantu zivAptaye / vahI. pR0 16 duvihaM maraNe paNNatte, taM jahA- bAlamaraNe ya paMDiyamaraNeyA - vyAkhyAprajJapti (madhukara muni) 2/1/25, pR0 - 180 sthAnAMga (madhukara muni), 2/4/411, pR0 - 88. vyAkhyAprajJapti (madhukara muni) 2/1/26 do maraNAI samoNaM bhagavatA mahAvIreNaM samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM No NiccaM vaNNiyAI goNicaM aNNAyA / bhavaMti taM jahA balayamaraNe ceva vasaTTamaraNe ceva // sthAnAMgasUtra 2/4/411 evaM NiyANamaraNe caiva tabbhavamaraNe ceva, giripaDaNe caiva, tarupaDaNeceva, jalapavese ceva // vahI, 2/4/412 do maraNAI samaNaM bhagavatA mahAvIreNaM samaNANaM NiggaMthANaM No giccaM vaNNiyAi No NiccaM kittiyAI No NiccaM buiyAI || pR0-10 vahI. 2/4/413. uttarAdhyayana (niryukti vyAkhyA sahita) bhAga 2, adhyAya 5, pR0 237-38 vyAkhyAprajJapti 2/1/27; taM jahA - pAovagamaNe ceva, bhattapaccakkhANe ceva || sthAnAMgasUtra 2/4/414 vyAkhyAprajJapti 2/1/28 sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/4/415 samavAyAMgasUtra, (madhukara muni.) gAthA 121, pR0 - 53. maraNANi sattarasa desidANi tityaMkarehiM jiNavayaNe / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 25. AyuSaH anubhavanaM jIvitaM tacca pratisamayaM jIvitabhaMgasya maraNaM / ato maraNamapi atra avIci // vahI, pR0- 51. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0 53. bhavAntaraprAptiranantaropasRSTapUrvabhavavigamanaM tadbhavamaraNaM / tattvanaMtazaH prAptaM jIveneti jJAtavyaM tena tadbhavamaraNaM na durlabham // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 53. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-53-54. yo yAdRzaM maraNaM sAMpratamupaiti tAdRgeva yadi maraNaM bhaviSyati tadavadhimaraNaM / tadvividhaM dezAvadhimaraNaM sarvAvadhimaraNaM iti // vahI, pR0 - 53. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0 -53.
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________________ mmmm samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 113 prakRtisthityanubhavapradezairyathAbhUtaiH sAMpratamupaiti mRtiM tathAbhUtAM yadi sarvato dezato vA nopaiti tadAdyaMtamaraNaM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 - 53 63. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-53. 64. __ bAlasya maraNaM bAlamaraNaM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0-53. samavAyAMgasUtra pR0-54. vyavahArapaMDitaH, samyaktavapaMDitaH, jJAnapaMDitazcAritrapaMDita: iti catvAro viklpaaH| iha punarjJAnadarzanacAritrapaMDitAnAM adhikAra: / - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0 54-55 67. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-54. 68. nirvANamArgaprasthitAtsaMyatasArthAdyo hIna: pracyutaH so'bhidhIyate osaNNa iti / tasya maraNaM osnnnnmrnnmiti| osaNNagrahaNena pArzvasthAH svacchaMdA:, kuzIlA: saMsaktAzca gRhyante / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0-55. samyagdRSTeH saMyatAsaMyatasya bAlapaMDitamaraNaM yatosAvubhayarUpo bAla: pNdditshc| sthUlakRtAtprANAtipAtAdeviramaNalakSaNaM caritramasti darzanaM ca tatazcAritrapaMDito darzanapaMDitazcA kutazcitsUkSmAdasaMyamAdanivRtta iti caaritrbaalH| vahI, pR0-56. 70. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-54. 71. pArzvasthAdirUpeNa ciraM vihRtya pazcAdapi AlocanAmaMtaraNe yo maraNamupaiti tanmAyAzalyaM maraNaM tasya bhvti| etacca saMyate, saMyatAsaMyate, viratasamyagdRSTAvapi bhavati / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0-57. 72. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-53. samyaktvapaMDite, jJAnapaMDite, caraNapaMDite ca balAyamaraNamapi sNbhvti| osaNNamaraNaM sasallamaraNaM ca yadabhihitaM tatra niyamena balAyamaraNam / tadvayatiriktamapi balAyamaraNaM bhvti| niHzalya: saMvigno bhUtvA ciraM ratnatrayapravRttasya saMstaramupagatasya zubhopayogAtpalAyamAnasya bhAvasya shubhsyaanvsthaanaat| bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 57. 74. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-53. vasaTTamaraNaM nAma - Arte raudre praktanAnasya maraNaM |bhgvtii ArAdhanA pR0-57 samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0 - 53. 77. .........sulezyaH praNApAnanirodhaM karoti yattadvippANasaM maraNamucyate / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0-60. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-54. zastragrahaNena yadbhavati tadgiddhapuTThamityucyate / bhagavatI aaraadhnaa| pR0-60. 80. samavAyAMgasUtra, pR0-54. 81. vavahAre sammatte NANe caraNe ya paMDidassa tadA / paMDidamaraNaM bhaNidaM caduvvidhaM tabbhavaMti hi / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0-61. To want to live a man must be able to satisfy his wants. If he is not able to do this then life loses its worth for him. He becomes dissatisfied 75. 76. 78. 2 .
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________________ samAdhimaraNa 83 84. and unhappy and he finally seeks death of his own free will.-Thomas G. Masaryk, Suicide and Meaning of Civilization, pp. 11-15, 22-30.3041.44-58. The basic influences that have been operating in the mind of the people taking Self-destructions are--- (a) The factors belonging to the social realm: religion, 'marital status. family organisation, mode of life (Whether rural or Urban), mode of occupation (Wether military or civilian). (b) Those that are as such non-social, and among the latter we may. further differentiate (i) the physical factors (seasons, temperature etc.: (ii) the biologi cal factors (sex, race, age) and (iii) the psychological factors (mental disease), - Dr. Upendra Thakur, The History of suicide in India. P. I+. Disappointments and frustration in personal lifc. emotional or sentimental breakdown in married life or love-affairs unexpected and unbearable economic loss in trade or business, sudden and hearth breaking grief brought on by the death of the nearest and dearest. appearance of some disease which incurable or socially reprehensiblc. sudden development of melencholia or depression either due 10 heredity or other hidden causes, public disgrace or dishonour of one's self or the family, an unexpected shock due to failure to realise an ambition and many other unusual factors may be regarded, either individually or cumulatively. - T.K. Tukol. Sallekhana is not suicidc. p.7]. aNuvrata, apraila, 1988, pR0-24. DaoN0 zAha binabhAI DI, susAiDa : dI rIjana hvAI, ilasTreTeDa vIkalI oNpha iNDiyA, 18 navambara, 1973, pR0-33-35. na kevalamiha sevanaM parigRhyate? kiM tarhi! prItyartho'pi / yasmAdasatyAM prIto balAnna sallekhanA kAryate ||srvaarthsiddhi, 7/22/4. yasmAt asatyAM prItau balAnna sallekhanA kAryate, satyAM hi prItau svayameva kroti|| - tattvArthavArtika, 7/22 pR0 - 363 / / . ... na tathA sallekhanAM pratipatrasya rAgAdaya: santi tato nAtmavadhadoSasaMsparzaH / / vahI, 7/22/7 .... arhatpraNItAM sallekhanAM kurvan jIvitamaraNAnabhisandhAnAt anabhisaMhitAtmIyamaraNa saMbandhe'pi rAgadveSAbhAvAt nAtmavadhakaH / / vahI,7/22/9 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 246-249. na cAtmaghAto'sti vRSakSato vapurupekSituH / kaSAyAvezata: prANAn viSAdyaihiMsata: sa hi|| - dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 8/8 91.
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________________ 97. samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 115 dehAdivaikRtaiH samyaG nimittaistu sunizcite / mRtyuvArAdhanAmagnamaterdUre na tatpadam / / vahI, 8/10 rAgadveSamohAviSTasya hi viSazastrAdhupakaraNaprayogavazAdAtmAnaM ghnata: svaghAto bhvti| na sallekhanAM pratipatrasya rAgAdayaH santi tato nAtmavadhadoSaH / sarvArthasiddhi, pR0-363 93. samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka kI prastAvanA - DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA, pR0-39. 94. jainamitra, varSa 57, pR0-139. 95. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA, tattvArthasUtra, 7/8. 96. jainamitra, varSa 97 , pR0-136. maraNa AtmA kA alaMkaraNa, le0- zrI nAnAlAla jI ma0 sA0, uddhRta-mahAvIra mizana, tapasvI badrIprasAda vizeSAMka, pharavarI 1988, pR0-79. The person adopting the vow wants to be liberated from the bondage of karma which has been responsible for all his ills in the world and for births and rebirths in different states of gatis. Contrary to the suicidal intention, there is no desire to put an end to life immediately by some violent or objectionable means. There is no question or escaping from any shamc, frustration or emotional excitement. -T.K. Tukol. Sallekhana is not Suicide. p.87. 99. The vow is to be adopted "as a religious duty" (or to earn religious mcrit) during a calamity, severe famine, old age or illness from which there is no escape or against which there is no remedy. ibid, p. 87. 100. The mental condition is one of absolute freedom from passion or attachment .... He should have no sense of possesiveness, He should put an end to all family or friendly ties by disclosing his intentions and by asking their forgiveness with an open mind. Ibid. p. 88 101. Not the violent means of hanging. poison. stabbing. shooting or drawing in deep waters or jumping from the precipice. He has to fast according to well-regulated principles. He has to increase his days of fasting gradually...... He should neither has ten nor delay death. He should wait for the hour calmly, getting engrossed in deep meditation with complete detachment and inward concentration. ibid, P-88. 102. The consequences of death by Sallekhana are neither hurtful nor sorrowful to any, because before adopting the vow, all kinds of ties have been terminated with common consent. The immediate consequence is one evoking reverence for the dead and the other of strengthening the faith of devotees in religion. ibid, P. 88 - 89. 103.. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga 2, pR0 440-441
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________________ samAdhimaraNa 104. paramasakhA mRtyu, pR0-43. 105. pazcimIya AcAra vijJAna kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 - 273. 106. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 2. pR0-444-445. 107. bhUdaM tu cudaM caidaM cadaMti tedhA cudaM sapAkeNa / paDidaM kadalIghAdaMpariccAgeNUNaya hodi / / (karmakANDa) gommaTasAra 56 kadalIghAdasamedaM cAgavihINaM tu caidamidi hodi / ghAdeNa aghAdeNa va paDidaM cAgeNa cattamidi / vahI, 58 / visaveyaNarattakkhayabhayasatthaggahaNasaMkilesehiM / ussA sAhArANaM NiTohado chijjade AU / / vahI, 57 / 108. vahI, -59 / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, -28 / 110. AcArAMgasUtra, prathama zrutaskadha, aSTama adhyayana 111. samavAyAMgasUtra, 17/21. 112. sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/416. 113. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/32. 114. bhagavaI (A0 tulasI), 2/49, 13/143, 145, 14/82,83, 17/48. 115. ThANaM (A0 tulasI) 1,2/414, 17/48 / 116. samavAyAMga (A0 tulasI, 17/9 / / 117. bhattapaiNNA ivihi jahaNNamaMtomuhutayaM hodi / vArasavarisA jeTThA tammajJa hodimajjhimayA // gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, 60. 118. teSvanyatamena tyaktaM vidhinA kAyakaSAyasallekhanApuraHsaraM pravrajyAta:prabhRti niryApaka gurusamAzrayaNa divasamantyaM kRtvA madhye pravRttAn jJAnadarzanacAritrANAM aticArAnAlocya tadabhimataprAyazcittAnusAriNa: dravyabhAvasallekhanAmupagatasya trividhAhArApratyAkhyAnAdikramaNa ratnatrayArAdhanaM bhaktapratyAkhyAnaM / bhagavatI aaraadhnaa| pR0-471. 119. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 30/12. 120. bhattaparinAmaraNaM duvihaM saviyAra mo ? avIAraM 211, bhattaparitrApaiNNaM. 10 121. duvihaM tu bhattapaccakkhANaM savicAramadha avicAraM / savicAramaNAgADhe maraNe saparakkamassa have / / bhagavatI aaraadhnaa| 64. 122. bhattaparinnanApaiNNaM, 10, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 64, 64 / 123. tattha avicArabhattapaiNNA maraNammi hoI agaaddh'o| aparakkammassa muNiNo kAlammi asaMpuhattammi / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2005. bhattaparinnApaiNNaM, 11. 124. savicArabhattapaccakkhANassiNamo uvakkamo hoI / / tattha ya suttapadAiM cattAlaM hoMti NeyAiM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 65.
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________________ 125.. 126. vAhivva duppasajjhA jarA ya sAmaNNajoggahANikarI / uvasaggA vA deviyamANusatericchayA jassa // vahI, 70. 127. cakkhu dubbalaM jasrU hojja sodaM va dubbalaM jassa / jaMghA balaparihINo jo Na samatvo vihariduM vA // vahI, 72. ussaraha jassa ciramavi suheNa sAmaNNamaNadicAraM vA / NijjAvayA ya sulahA dubbhikkhabhayaM ca jadi NAtthi | vahI / 74. tassa Na kappadi bhattapaiNNaM aNuvaTThide bhaye purado / 129. so maraNaM pacchito hodi ha sAmaNNaNivviNNo / / vahI, 75. cihnaM karaNaM iti / vahI, pR0-105 130. ussaggiyaliMgakadassa liMgamussaggiyaM tayaM ceva / avavAdiyaliMgassa vi pasatthamuvasaggiyaM liMgaM | vahI, 76. Avasadhe vA appAugge jo vA mahaDio hirimaM / micchajaNe sajaNe vA tassa hojja avavAdiyaM liMgaM | vahI, 78. 132. itthIvi ya jaM liMga diTTha ussaggiyaM va idaraM vA / 128. samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa arihe liMge sikkhA viNaya samAdhI ya aNiyadavihAre / pariNAmovadhijahaNA sidI ye taha bhAvaNAo ya / / vahI, 66 sallehaNA disA khAmaNA ya aNusiTThi paragaNe cariyA / magaNa suTThiya uvasaMpayA ya paDichA ya paDilehA // bha0 A0, 67. ApucchA ya paDicchaNamegassAloyaNA ya guNadosA / sejA saMthAro vi ya Nijjavaga payAsaNA hANI / vahI, 68. paccakkhANaM khAmaNaM khamaNaM aNusaThThisAraNAkavace / samadAjjhANe lessA phalaM vijahaNA va NeyAI / vahI, 69. arhaH yogya: / vahI, pR0 - 105. 131. taM tattha hodi hu liMgaM parittamuvadhi kareMtIe // 80 // vahI, 133. niuNaM jIvAdInarthAnpramANanayAnugataM nirUpayatIti nipuNaM / vahI, pR0 - 131. 134. suddhaM pUrvAparavirodhapunaruktAdidvAtriMzaddoSavarjitatvAt zuddhaM / vahI, pR0 - 131 135. vipulaM nikSepa : ekArthaH niruktiH anuyogadvAraM nayazceti / aneka vikalpena jIvAdInarthAnsaprapaMcaM nirupayatIti vipulaM // vahI, 136. arthagADhatvAnnikAcitaM arthanicitaM / vahI, pR0 - 131. 137. aNuttaraM ca na vidyate uttaraM utkRSTamasmAdityanuttaraM / vahI, pR0-131. 138. savvahidaM sarva prANahitaM / vahI, pR0 - 131. 139. kalusaharaM dravyakarmaNAM jJAnAvaraNAdInAM ajJAnAderbhAvamalasya ca vinAzanAt kaluSaharaM / vahI, pR0 - 131. 140 vinayaH mryaadaa| vahI, pR0 - 105. 117 pR0 - 131.
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________________ 118 samAdhimaraNa 141. kAle viNaye uvadhANe bahumANe taheva nninnhvnne| vaMjaNa attha tadubhaye viNao NANammi aTThaviho / / vahI, 112. 142. parivarjanIyatvena nirdiSTaM kAlaM saMdhyAparvadigdAholkApAtAdikaM parihatyAdhyayanaM kapa vinayati iti viNae iti prthmaantH| vahI, pR0-143. 143. .......zrutazrutadharabhaktiriti yAvat / vahI, pR0-143. 144. uvahANe avagrahaH / yAvadidamanuyogadvAraM niSThAmupaiti tAvadidaM mayA na bhoktavyaM / vahI, pR0-144. 145. bahumANe sanmAnaM / zuceH kRtAMjalipuTasya anAkSiptamanasa: sAdaramadhyayanaM / vahI, pR0-144. 146. aNiNhavaNe anivazca nihnvo'plaap:| kasyacitsakAze zrutamadhItyAnyo gururi tyabhidhAnamapalApa: / vhii| pR0-144. 147. ..........na parakRtaM zabdazrutA viparItapAThe / vahI, pR0-145. 148. vyaMjanazuddhistadarthanirUpaNAyA avaiparItyaM arthazuddhiH / vahI, pR0- 145. 149. tadubhayazuddhirnAma tasya-vyaMjanasya arthasya ca zuddhiH / vahI, pR0- 145. samAdhAnaM manasa: ekatAkaraNaM zubhopa-yoga zuddha vA // vahI, pR0-106. 151. cAlaNigayaM va udayaM sAmaNNaM galai annihudmnnss| kAyeNa ya vAyAe jadi vi jadhuttaM caradi bhikkhU / / vahI, 135, 152. aniyatakSetravAsa: aniyatavihAraH / vahI, pR0- 106. 153. daMsaNasodhI ThidikaraNabhAvaNA AdisayattakusalattaM / khettaparimaggaNAvi ya aNiyadavAse guNA hoti / / vahI, 144, 154. svena kartavyasya kAryasyAlocanamiha prinnaam| vahI, pR0-106. 155. aNupAlido ya dIho pariyAo vAyaNAya me dinnnnaa| NippAdidA ya sissA seyaM khalu appaNo kAdaM / vahI, 156. 156. upAdhi: parigrahaH tasya jahaNA tyAgaH / vahI, pR0- 106. saMjamasAdhaNamettaM uvadhiM mottUNa sesayaM uvadhiM / / pajahadi visuddhalesso sAdhU muttiM gavasaMto // vahI, 164 158. sidI ya zriti: zreNi: sopAnamiti yAvat / vahI, pR0-106. 159. jA uvari uvari guNapaDivattI sA bhAvado sidI hodi / davvasidI NisseNI sovANaM AruhaMtassa // vahI, 173. sallehaNaM kareMto savvaM suhasIlayaM payahidUNa / bhAvasidimAruhitA viharejja sarIraNivvaNNo / vahI, 174. 160. bhAvanAbhyAsa: tatra asakRtpravRttiH / vahI, pR0-106. 161. jadaNAe joggaparibhAvidassa jiNavayaNamaNugadamaNassa / sadilovaM kAdaM je Na cayaMti parIsahA tAhe / / vahI, 197. 157.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 162. sallehaNA ya duvihA abbhaMtariyA ya bAhirA ceva / antarA kasAyesu bAhirA hodi hu sarIre // / vahI 208. evaM kadapariyammo sabbhaMtarabAhirammi sallihaNe / saMsAramokkhabuddhI savvuvarillaM tavaM kuNadi / vahI, 272. 164. vahI, pR0 - 106. 165. 163. avvocchittiNimittaM savvaguNasamoyaraM tayaM nnccaa| aNujAdi disaM so esa disA votti bodhittA | vahI, 277. 166. khamAvaNA kSamAgrahaNaM / vahI, pR0 106. AmaMteUNa gaNiM gacchammi ya taM gaNiM ThavedUNa | 167. tiviheNa khamAvedi hu sa bAlauDDAulaM gacchaM | vahI, jaM dIhakAlasaMvAsadAe mamakAraNeharAgeNa / kaDugapasaM ca bhaNiyA tamahaM savvaM khamAvemi // vahI. 279. 168. aNusiThi sUtrAnusAreNa zAsanam / vahI, pR0 - 106. 169. vajjehi cayaNakappaM sagaparapakkhe tahA virodhaM ca / vAdaM asamAhikaraM visaggibhUde kasAe ya / / vahI 287. kuSNaha apamAdamAvAsaesu saMjamatavovadhANesu / NissAre mANusse dullahabohiM viyANittA | vahI, pR0-298. 171. paragaNe anyasmingaNe cariyA caryA pravRtti: / vahI, pR0 106. 172. sagaNe ANAkovo pharusaM kalahaparidAvaNAdI ya / 170. 179. 173. 174. vahI, pR0 - 106 175. paMcacchasattasadANi joyaNANaM tado ya ahiyANi / NijjAvayamaNuNNAdaM gavesadi samAdhikAmo du || vahI 403 176. aMgasude ca bahuvidhe No aMgasude ya bahuvidhavibhatte / radaNakaraMDayabhUdo khuNNo aNiogakaraNammi |vhii 501. 177. NiddhaM madhuraM gaMbhIraM maNappasAdaNakaraM savaNakaMtaM / 504 dei kahaM Nivvavago sadIsamaNNAharaNaheuM // vahI, 178. susthita: paropakaraNe svaprayojane ca samyakH sthitaH susthitaH AcAryaH / vahI, pR0 - 106. taha saMjamaguNabharidaM parissahummIhiM khumidamAiddhaM / Nijjavao dhAredi hu mahurehiM hidovadesehiM | vahI, 506. 180 iya Nivvavao khavayassa hoI NijjAvao sadAyario / hoI ya kittI padhidA aidehiM guNehiM juttassa // vahI, upasaMpayA AcAryasya DhaukanaM / vahI, pR0 106 181. NibhayasiNehakAluNiyajhANaviggho asamAdhI / vahI, 387. sagaNe ANAkovo AtmIye gaNe AjJakopaH / pR0 - 307. 278. 508. 119
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________________ 189. 120 samAdhimaraNa 182. evaM parimaggittA NijjavayaguNehiM ca juttamAyariyaM / uvasaMpajjai vijjAcaraNasamaggo tago sAhU / / vahI, 510. 183. pavvajjAdI savvaM kAdUNAloyaNaM suparisuddhaM / / daMsaNaNANacarite Nissallo vihariduM icche| vahI, 513. 184. vahI pR0- 106. 185. to tassa uttamaDhe karaNucchAhaM paNicchadi vidaNha / khIrodaNadavvuggahaduguMchaNAe samAdhIe / vahI, 517. 186. rajjaM khettaM adhivadigaNamappANaM ca paDilihittANaM / guNasAdhano paDicchadi appaDilehAe bahudosA // vahI, 519. 187. paDicarae Apucchiya tehiM NisiTTaM paDicchade khvyN|| tesimaNApucchAe asamAdhI hojja tiNhaMpi // vahI 520 188. tadio NANuNNAdo jajamANassa hu havejja vaaghaado| paDidesu dosu tIsu ya samAdhikaraNANi hAyanti / / vahI 522 amugaMmi ido kAle dese amugattha amugbhaavenn| jaM jaha NisevidaM taM jeNa ya saha savvamAloce / vahI, 534 kadapAvo vi maNusso AloyaNaNiMdao gurusyaase|| hodi acireNa lahuo uruhiyabhArovva bhAravaho / vahI, 615 191. subahussudA vi saMtA je mUDhA sIlasaMjamaguNesu / Na uveMti bhAvasuddhiM te dukkhaNihelaNA hoti / / vahI, 616 192. AloyaNaM suNittA tikkhutto bhikkhuNo uvAyeNa / jadi ujjugotti Nijjai jahAkadaM paTThavedavvaM // vahI, 617 193. gaMdhavvaNaTTajaTTassacakkajaMtaggikammapharuse ya / / NattiyarajayA pADahiyaDoMbaNaDarAyamagge ya / vahI, 632 194. ghaNakuDDe sakavADe gAmabahiM baalvuddhgnnjogge| ujjANaghare girikaMdare guhAe va suNNahare / |vhii, 637 paMcidiyappayAro maNasaMkhobhakaraNo jahiM Natthi / ciTThadi tahiM tigutto jjhANeNa suhappavatteNa / / vahI, 634 195. puDhavIsilAmao vA phalayamao taNamao ya saMthAro / hodi samAdhiNimittaM uttarasira aha va puvvvsiro|| vahI, 639 jutto pamANaraiyo ubhykaalpddilehnnaasuddho| vidhivihido saMthAro Arohavvo tigutteNa // vahI, 644 evaM donoM hI gAthAoM kI vijayodayA TIkA bhI dekheN| 196. NijjAvagA niryApakA: ArAdhakasya smaadhishaayaaH|| vahI, pR0-107. 197. piyadhammA daDhadhammA saMviggA vajjabhIruNo dhIrA / chaMdaNhU paccaiyA paccakkhANammi ya vidaNhU / / vahI, 646.
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________________ 198. 199. payAsaNA caramAhAraprakAzanam / vahI, pR0 107. tamhA tivihaM vosarihiditti ukkassayANi davvANi / sosittA saMviraliya carimAhAraM payAsejja / vahI, 689 aNusajjamANae puNa samAdhikAmassa savvamuvahari / ekkekkaM hAvaMto Thavedi porANamAhAre // vahI, 697 jAvajjIvaM savvAhAraM tivihaM ca vosarihiditti / Nijjavao Ayario saMghassa NivedaNaM kujjA / vahI, 703. 202. khAmedi tumha khavaotti kuMcao tassa ceva khavagassa / dAvedavvo NedUNa savvasaMghassa vadhI | iya khAmiya vergN.......| vahI 200. 201. samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 203. 204. aNusadvi, anuzAsanaM zikSaNaM niryApakasyAcAryasya / Nissalo kadasuddhI vijjAvaccakaravasadhisaMthAraM / uvadhiM ca sodhaittA sallehaNa bho kuNa idANiM // 205. rogAdaMke suvihida viulaM vA vedaNaM dhidibaleNa / tamadINamasaMmUr3ho jiNa paccUhe caritassa // 206. iya puvvakadaM iNamajja mahaM kammANugatti NAUNa / riNamukkhaNaM ca dukkhaM pecchasu mA dukkhio hohi / / 207. iTThesu aNiTThesu ya saddapharisarasarUvagaMdhesu / ihaparaloe jIvidamaraNe mANAvamANe ca // savvattha Nivviseso hodi tado rAgarosarahidappA / khavayassa rAgadosA hu uttamaTTha viNAsaMti // 211. ba vahI, 1623 vahI, 1683. vahIM, 1684 evaM savvatthesu vi samabhAvaM uvagao visuddhappA | vahI, 1690. 208. uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnam / / tattvArthasUtra, 9/27. 209. atrocyate na nirodhazabdo'trAbhAvavAcI kiMtu rodhavacano yathA mUtranirodha iti / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, pR0- 753. 210. evaM kasAyajuddhami havadi khavayassa AudhaM jhANaM | vahI, 1886. huMkAraMjalibhamuhaMgulIhiM acchIhiM vIramuTThihiM / siracAlaNeNa ya tahA saNNaM dAvedi so khavao / / vahI, 1898. iya samabhAvamuvagado taha jjhAyaMto pasattajhANaM ca / lessAhiM visujjhato guNaseDhiM so samAruhadi // vahI, 1900 212. edesiM lessANaM visodhaNaM paDi uvakkamo iNamo / savvesiM saMgANaM vivajjaNaM savvahA hoI // / vahI, 21.3. iyamukkassiyamArAdhaNamaNupalittu kevalI bhaviyA / logaggasiharavAsI havaMti siddhA dhuyakilesA // vahI, 1923. 704 vahI, 714 vahI, pR0 107 vahI, 720 vahI, 1510 121 1904.
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________________ 122 samAdhimaraNa 214. vahI gAthA 1968-1989 215. te dhaNNA te NANI laddho lAbho ya tehiM savvehiM ArAdhaNA bhayavadI paDivaNNA jehiM saMpuNNA / / vahI, 1996. 216. bAlaggivagghamahisagayariMchapaDiNIya teNa micchehiM / mucchAvisUciyAdIhiM hojja sajjo hu vAvattI / / vahI 2012. 217. tattha paDhamaM NiruddhaM NiruddhatarayaM tahA have vidiyaM / tadiyaM paramaNiruddhaM evaM tividhaM avIcAraM // vahI, 2006 218. iya saNNiruddhamaraNaM bhaNiyaM aNihArimaM avIcAraM / so ceva jadhAjoggaM puvuttavidhI havadi tassa // vahI 2009. tassa NiruddhaM bhaNidaM rogAdaMkehi jo samabhibhUdo / jaMghAbalaparihINo paragaNagamaNammi Na samattho / vahI, 2007. 219. NaccA saMvaTTijjaMtamAugaM sigghameva to bhikkhU / / gaNiyAdINaM saNNihidANaM Alocae sammaM / / vahI, 2014. 220. vAlAdiehiM jaiyA akkhittA hojja bhikkhuNo vaayaa| taiyA paramaNiruddhaM bhaNidaM maraNaM avIcAraM / / vahI 2016. NaccA saMvaTTijjaMtamAugaM sigyameva to bhikkhU / arahaMtasiddhasAhUNa aMtigaM sigghamAloce / / vahI, 2017. 221. zrutavihita kriyA vizeSa: iMgyate prati niyatadeza ev| ceSTayate'syAmanazanakriyAmitIGginI / arddhamAgadhI koza, bhAga-2 pR0 - 127 zrI ratanacaMda jI ma0, amara pablikezansa, vArANasI, 1988. 222. uvvattai pariattai kAigamAI'vi appaNA kuNai / savvamiha appaNacciaNa annajogeNa dhitibaliyAo / / AcArAMgasUtra (zIlAMka TIkA), patrAMka- 286. 223. appovayAravekkhaM parovayArUNamigiNImaraNaM / / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 61. 224. NippAdittA sagaNaM iMgiNividhisAdhaNAe pariNamiyA / sidimAruhittu bhAviya appANaM sallihittANaM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA 2026. 225. pariyAigamAlociya aNujANittA disaM mahajaNassa / / tividheNa khamAvittA savAlabuDDAulaM gacchaM |vhii, 2027. evaM ca NikkamittA aMto bAhiM va thaMDile joge / puDhavIsilAmae vA appANaM Nijjave ekko / / vahI, 2029. 226. jassa NaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavai ege ahamaMsi na me atthi koi na yAhamavi kassavi, evaM se egAgiNameva appANaM samabhijANijjA, lAghaviyaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamantrAgae
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________________ 227. samAdhimaraNa evaM maraNa kA svarUpa 123 bhavai jAva samabhijANiyA / AcArAMgasUtra (bhAga 1 ), AtmArAma jI, 48 / 6/216. pR0- 595. savvaM AhAravidhiM jAvajjIvAya vosarittANaM / vosaridUNa asesaM abbhaMtara bAhire gaMthe // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2033 228. se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA asaNaM vA AhAremANe no vAmAo haNuyAo dAhiNaM ha saMcArijjA AsAemANe dAhiNAo vAmaM haNuyaM no saMcArijjA AsAemANe, se aNAsAemANe lAghaviyaM AgamamANe tave se abhisamannAgae, bhavai jameyaM bhagavayA paveiyaM tameva abhisamiccA savvao savvattAe sammatta meva samabhijANiyA || AcArAMgasUtra (prathama bhAga), AtmArAjI, 8/6/217, pR0-596. 229. savve viNijjiNato parISahe dhidibaleNa saMjutto / lessAe virujjhato dhammaM jjhANaM uvaNamittA // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2034 230. bIbhatthabhImadarisaNaviguvvidA bhUdarakkhasapisAyA / khobhijjo jadi vi tayaM tadhavi Na so saMbhamaM kuNaI / vahI, 2039 veDavvaNamAhArayacAraNakhIrAsavAdiladdhIsu 1 tavasA uppaNNAsu vi virAgabhAveNa sevadi so // vahI, 231. evamadhakkhAdavidhiM sAdhittA iMgiNIM dhudakilesA / 237. 239. 232. 286 233. AcArAMgasUtra ( AtmArAmajI), prathama zrutaskandha, pR0 604. 234. AcArAMgasUtra (madhukara muni ) prathama zrutaskandha, pR0 301 235. 236. > sijjhati kei keI havaMti devA vimANesu // vahI, 2055 AcArAMga (zIlAMka TIkA) patrAMka 238. (taNAI saMtharetA) etya vi - saparovayArahINaM maraNaM pAovagamaNamidi / gommaTasAra (karmakANDa), 61. ayaM se uttame dhamme puvvaTThANassa paggahe / aciraM paDilehittA vihare ciTTha mAhaNe || AcArAMgasUtra, 1 / 8 / 8 / 248 vari taNasaMthAro pAovagadassa hodi paDisiddho / AdaparapaogeNa ya paDisiddhaM savvapariyammaM // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2058 so sallehidadeho jamhA pAovagamaNamuvajAdi / uccArAdivikiMcaNamavi Natthi paogado tamhA / vahI, 2059. 2052 1 AcArAMgasUtra ( mudhakara muni), 1/8/7/228. AcArAMga (madhukara muni) prathama zrutaskaMdha, gAthA - 249-253, pR0 - 299 puDhavI AUteUvaNapphaditasesu jadi vi sAharido / adhAugaM pAlae taghavi // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2060. vosacade bosa cattadeho jAvajjIvaM tu samae kAyaM ca jogaM ca iriyaM ca paccakkhAejjA | duNikkhivejjo jahiM jadhA aMgaM / sayaM tahiM tamaMgaM Na cAledi // vahI, 2062.
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________________ 124 samAdhimaraNa 245. 246. 240. vahI pR0 885. 241. bhagavatIsUtra 25/3/7 kA mUla evaM TIkA / tathA tumhA vuttaM NIhAramado aNNaM anniihaarN|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2064. 242. bhagavatIsUtra (madhukara muni) bhAga 3, 25/3/7 307, pR0- 493. 243. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga, 2, pR0-885. 244. bhagavatIsUtra bhAga-3, 25/3/7, pR.- 433 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, bhAga- pR0-885. AcArAMga (mUla evaM vRtti) patrAMka, 294-295. vi:. dra. AcArAMga (madhukara muni), prathama zrutaskandha pR0- 301. 247. bhagavatI ArAdhanA pR0- 883 evaM gAthA 2058 kI vijayodayA TIkA / 248. AcArAMgasUtra, prathamazrutaskandha pR0-613. 249. zrI AcArAMgasutra, prathama skandha, muni AtmArAma jI, pR0-592. 250. ukkassaeNa bhattapaiNNAkAlo jiNehiM nniddttttho| - kAlammi saMpahutte bArasavarisANi puNNANi / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA - 254. 251. jogehiM vicittehiM dukhavehai saMvaccharANi cattAri / viyaDI NijjUhittA cattAri puNo vi sosedi // vahI, 255. 252. AyaMbilaNivviyaDIhiM doNNi AyabileNa ekkaM ca / __ addha NAdivigadvehiM ado addhaM vigaTehiM / / vahI, 256
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________________ caturtha adhyAya samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa samAdhimaraNa vrata lene ke yogya avasara jainadharma apanI dIrgha evaM kaThora tapa sAdhanA ke lie prasiddha hai| jaina tapa sAdhanA kI paddhatiyoM meM samAdhimaraNa kA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vastutaH yaha maraNa kI kalA sikhAnevAlA vrata hai| jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane ke yogya avasara para vyApaka rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa vrata ko vyakti kisI bhI avasthA meM aura kisI bhI samaya grahaNa nahIM kara sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane ke kucha upayukta avasara hote haiN| bhagavatI meM samAdhimaraNa ke yogya avasara ko samajhAne ke lie skandaka muni kA kathAnaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai' - " skandaka muni vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kI ArAdhanA karate hue rukSa ho gae, mAMsa rahita ho gae, calane para unakI zarIra kI haDDiyA~ Apasa meM TakarAne lagIM, haDDiyoM ke Apasa meM TakarAne se khar3a-khar3a kI AvAja hotI thii| ve itane kRzakAya aura durbala ho gae ki unakI samasta nAr3iyA~ sAmane dikhAI par3ane lgiiN| calane ke lie unameM zArIrika zakti nahIM thii| bolane meM aura bolane ke bAda bhI unheM zArIrika kaSTa hotA thaa| aise samaya meM eka bAra bhagavAn mahAvIra rAjagRha pdhaare| mahAvIra ne apanA dharmopadeza diyaa| dharmopadeza ke bAda samasta zraddhAlujana vApasa lauTa ge| lekina skandaka muni ke mana meM yaha vicAra AyA- "maiM pUrvokta prakAra ke udAra tapa dvArA zuSka, rukSa evaM kRza ho gayA huuN| merA zArIrikabala kSINa ho gayA hai| maiM Atmabala ke sahAre gamana kara pAtA huuN| bolane ke bAda, bolate hue aura bolane ke pUrva mujhe kaSTa hotA hai| ata: jaba taka utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puraskAra, parAkrama hai aura jaba taka mere dharmAcArya, dharmopadezaka, tIrthaGkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI yahA~ haiM, mujhe unase AjJA grahaNa karake unakI upasthiti meM hI vipulagiri parvata para DAbha (eka taraha kI ghAsa) kA saMthArA bichAkara AtmA ko sallekhanA se yukta karake AhAra jala kA tyAga kara pAdapopagamana saMthArA (samAdhimaraNa kI tIna koTiyoM meM se eka) grahaNa kara mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se virata hokara mana ko sthira aura zAnta karake mRtyu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karanI caahie|"
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________________ 126 samAdhimaraNa vRddhAvasthA evaM zarIra ke jIrNa ho jAne ke atirikta Akasmika rUpa se mRtyu upasthita hone para bhI samAdhimaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa sambaddha meM antakRddazA meM samAdhimaraNa lene ke yogya avasara para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sudarzana zramaNopAsaka bhagavAn mahAvIra se milane ke lie rAjamArga se jA rahA thaa| use dekhakara arjuna mAlAkAra jo yakSa se AviSTa thA aura manuSyoM ko mAratA phira rahA thA, kruddha, kupita aura ruSTa hokara lohe ke mudgara se mArane ko udyata huaa| usa samaya kruddha mudgarapANi yakSa ko apanI ora Ate dekhakara sudarzana ko apanI mRtyu kI sambhAvanA se kiMcit bhI bhaya, trAsa, udvega athavA kSobha nahIM huaa| usakA hRdaya tanika bhI vicalita athavA bhayAkrAnta nahIM huaa| usane nirbhaya hokara apane vastra ke aMcala se bhUmi kA pramArjana kiyA phira pUrva dizA kI ora mu~ha karake baiTha gyaa| isake bAda isa prakAra bolA "maiM una sabhI arihaMta bhagavantoM ko, jinhoMne atItakAla meM mokSa prApta kara liyA hai evaM dharma ke AdikartA tIrthaMkara zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jo bhaviSya meM mokSa prApta karanevAle haiM, namaskAra karatA huuN|' maiMne pahale zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra se sthUla prANAtipAta kA AjIvana tyAga (pratyAkhyAna) kiyA, sthUla mRSAvAda, sthUla adattAdAna kA tyAga kiyA tathA svadAra saMtoSa icchA parimANa rUpa vrata jIvana bhara ke lie grahaNa kiyA hai| aba unhIM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI sAkSI se prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna aura sampUrNa parigraha kA sarvathA AjIvana tyAga karatA huuN| maiM sarvathA krodha mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga, dveSa, kalaha, abhyAkhyAna, paizunya, para-parivAda, arati-rati, mAyAmRSA, aura mithyA darzana taka ke samasta (18) pApoM kA bhI AjIvana tyAga karatA huuN| sabhI prakAra ke azana, pAna, khAdima aura svAdima ina cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA bhI tyAga karatA huuN| yadi maiM isa Asanna mRtyu upasarga se baca gayA to isa tyAga kA pAraNA karake AhArAdi grahaNa kruuNgaa| yadi isa upasarga se mukta na ho pAyA to mujhe isa prakAra kA sampUrNa tyAga yAvajjIvana ho| aisA nizcaya karake sudarzana ne uparyukta prakAra se sAgArI pratimA-anazana vrata dhAraNa kara liyA arthAt usane samAdhimaraNa kA nizcaya kiyaa| _isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa ke yogya avasara ke sambandha meM bhagavatI aura antakRddazA se kathAnaka jo liyA gayA hai usameM kucha antara hai| bhagavatI meM jahA~ skandaka ArAdhanA karate hue kAya aura kaSAya donoM ko kSINa karake samAdhimaraNa karatA hai vahIM antakRddazA meM sadarzana acAnaka anivArya mRtyu kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para samAdhimaraNa kA vrata letA hai| ina donoM kathAnakoM se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jaba vyakti kA zarIra itanA kSINa ho jAe ki Avazyaka kAryoM ke sampAdana meM kaThinAI ho tathA anAyAsa mRtyu kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAe to yaha avasara samAdhimaraNa ke lie upayukta hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 127 AcArAMga kI zIlAMka TIkA ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa karane ke upayukta avasara nimnalikhita hai(1) rUkhA-sUkhA nIrasa AhAra lene se athavA tapasyA se zarIra atyanta glAna ho gayA ho| (2) zarIra roga se pIr3ita ho gayA ho| (3) zarIra Avazyaka kriyA karane meM atyanta akSama ho gayA ho| (4) zarIra uThane-baiThane, karavaTa badalane Adi nitya kriyAe~ karane meM akSama ho gayA ho| isa prakAra jaba zarIra atyanta glAna ho jAe tabhI bhikSu ko trividha samAdhimaraNa (bhaktapratyAkhyAna, iMginImaraNa yA prAyopagamanamaraNa) meM se apanI yogyatA, kSamatA aura zakti ke anusAra kisI eka kA cayana karanA caahie| puruSArthasiddhyupAya ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane kA upayukta avasara jIvana kI antima belA hai| jaba vyakti ko usakI mRtyu nikaTa bhaviSya meM nizcita pratIta hone lage to vyakti ko aise samaya samAdhimaraNa karanA caahie| dharmAmRta (sAgAra) ke anusAra - svAbhAvika vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa athavA durnivAra roga aura zatru ke AghAta Adi upasarga dvArA maraNa nizcita pratIta hone para athavA zIghramaraNasUcaka dehavikAra yA vANIvikAra Adi ke dvArA nikaTa bhaviSya meM maraNa kA nizcaya hone para vyakti ko samAdhimaraNa karanA caahie| ArAdhanAsAra meM samAdhimaraNa ke yogya avasara para prakAza DAlate hae likhA gayA hai - "jarArUpI vyAdhi jaba deha para AkramaNa kare, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, zabda ko grahaNa karanevAlI indriyA~ apane viSayoM ko grahaNa karane meM asamartha ho jAye, AyurUpI jala pUrNarUpeNa chIna jAye, zarIra meM haDDiyoM kI sandhiyoM kA bandha tathA sirAoM aura snAyuoM se haDDiyoM ke jor3a zithila ho jAyeM arthAt zarIra itanA kRzakAya ho jAye ki vaha svayaM kA~pane lage Adi avasthAyeM hI samAdhimaraNa ke lie upayukta haiN|" zrAvakAcAra saMgraha ke anusAra - zIghramaraNa sUcaka deha vikAra yA kisI aura kAraNa se zIghramaraNa kI sambhAvanA hone para athavA apamRtyu ke kAraNa ekadama Ayu ke nAza kI sambhAvanA hone para samAdhimaraNa karanA caahie| samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka ke anusAra- sA~pa ke kATe jAne para yA upasargAdi ke samaya maraNa meM sandeha upasthiti hone para buddhimAna ko isa prakAra anazana grahaNa karanA caahie| vaha isa prakAra kahe ki yadi isa upasargAdi meM mere prANoM
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________________ 128 samAdhimaraNa kA nAza hotA hai, to mere yAvajjIvana ke lie cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga hai| yadi kadAcit kisI prakAra se apane puNya ke dvArA isa upasarga se jIvita baca jAU~gA to dharmasAdhana ke lie maiM Agama-vihita pAraNa ko kruuNgaa| jainendra siddhAnta koza meM ullekha hai ki jarA, roga, indriya va zarIra bala kI hAni hone para tathA SaDAvazyaka ke nAza hone para samAdhimaraNa karanA cAhie / 11 saubhAgyamuni jI ne AcArAMga kI apanI vyAkhyA meM samAdhimaraNa ke uparyukta avasara para prakAza DAlA hai| unake anusAra yathAkrama saMyama kA pAlana karate hue avasthA pariNAma se yA anya kAraNoM se vyakti kA zarIra kSINa aura durbala ho jAe, Avazyaka kriyAoM kA ThIka se pAlana karane meM azakya aura asahAya ho jAe to aise samaya vyakti ko samAdhimaraNa karanA cAhie / 12 12 apanI tattvArthasUtra kI vyAkhyA meM paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI ne likhA hai - vyakti ko jaba apanA jIvanakAla bahuta alpa pratIta hone lage tathA vaha dharma aura Avazyaka kartavyoM kA sampAdana ThIka se nahIM kara pAe to use samAdhimaraNa karanA cAhie / 13 AcArya tulasI ne AyAro kI apanI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai- vyakti kA zarIra jaba bhArasvarUpa pratIta hone lage ( vRddhAvasthA, roga, upasarga Adi ke kAraNa ) tathA vaha apanI Avazyaka kriyAoM kA sampAdana ThIka se nahIM kara pAtA ho to use samAdhimaraNa karanA cAhie / 14 nyAyavid TI0 ke0 tukola ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa karane kA upayukta avasara jIvana kI antima belA hai arthAt mRtyu ke Agamana kA samaya jaba atyanta samIpa hotA hai, usa samaya vyakti samAdhimaraNa kara sakatA hai| 15 jaina dharma-darzana ke marmajJa DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina ke anusAra anivArya mRtyu ke kAraNa upasthita hone para samAdhimaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai / mRtyu ke anivArya kAraNa ho sakate haiM - akasmAta koI vipatti A jAnA jisase prANa-rakSA sambhava na ho, yathA- Aga meM ghira jAnA, jala meM DUbane jaisI sthiti ho jAnA, hiMsaka pazu yA kisI duSTa vyakti ke caMgula meM phaMsa jAnA jisase bacakara nikalanA saMbhava na ho| isake alAvA sAmAnya aura prAkRtika avasthAoM meM bhI vyakti samAdhimaraNa kara sakatA hai| ye avasthAe~ haiM- jaba vyakti kI samasta indriyA~ apane kAryoM kA sampAdana karane meM akSama ho jAe, zarIra sUkha kara asthipaMjara mAtra raha jAya, pAcana, AhAra-vihAra Adi zArIrika kriyAe~ zithila par3ane lage tathA inake kAraNa sAdhanA yA saMyama kA paripAlana samyak rIti se sambhava nahIM ho to vyakti samAdhimaraNa kara sakatA hai / 6 pacana bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kucha kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa ke uparyukta avasara ke sambandha meM prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ye kathAnaka jarA, roga, vRddhAvasthA Adi ke kAraNa samAdhimaraNa karanevAle vyaktiyoM ke na hokara una vyaktiyoM ke haiM, jinhoMne kisI bAhya upasarga ke kAraNa apane dharma yA pavitratA kI rakSA karane ke nimitta apanA dehatyAga kiyA thaa|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 129 ayodhyA nagarI meM dharmasiMha nAmaka eka rAjA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma candrazIlA thaa| usane patnI ko tyAgakara muni dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura apane zvasara ke bhaya se kollagiri nagara meM hAthI ke kalevara meM praveza karake samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kii|17 pATaliputra nagara meM RSabhasena nAmaka zreSThI ne patnI ko tyAgakara dIkSA lii| apanI putrI ke snehavaza zvasura ke dvArA upasarga kie jAne para RSabhasena ne zvAsa rokakara samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kii|8 zrAvastI nagarI ke rAjA jayasena ne bauddha dharma tyAgakara jainadharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isase kupita hokara ahimAraka nAmaka bauddha ne use usa samaya mAra DAlA jaba vaha AcArya yativRSabha ko namaskAra kara rahA thaa| taba AcArya ne apanA apavAda dUra karane ke lie zastra se apanA ghAta karate hue sAdhanA kii|19 pATaliputra meM nandarAjA kA maMtrI zakatAla thaa| usane mahApadmasUri se jina-dIkSA grahaNa kii| usake virodhI vararuci ne rAjA mahApadma ko ruSTa karake zakatAla ko mArane kA prayatna kiyA to zakatAla muni ne pA~ca namaskAramantra kA dhyAna karate hue churI se apanA peTa phAr3a DAlA aura isa prakAra samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kii|20 uparyukta samasta kathAnakoM meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai ki sAdhaka athavA vyakti ne AtmamaraNa ke lie bAhya vidhiyoM kA Azraya liyA hai| use aisA kyoM karanA par3A yaha kathAnaka ke pUrNa adhyayana se patA cala jAtA hai| prAyaH ina sabhI avasthAoM meM vyakti ne dharma se bhraSTa ho jAne kI apekSA bAhya vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se apanA dehatyAga karanA adhika zreSTha mAnA hai| vastuta: vyakti kI yaha bhAvanA maraNa ko dUSita nahIM karatI hai, apitu ise paMDitamaraNa kI koTi meM le AtI hai, jo kamoveza samAdhimaraNa kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| isI taraha ArAdhanAsAra meM bhI kucha anya kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para upasargAdi ke kAraNa samAdhimaraNa karanevAle vyakti ke rada.1ga milate haiM, jo nimna haiM. - zivabhUti ne jaina dIkSA grahaNa kii| dhyAna tathA kaThora sAdhanA ke abhyAsa ke nimitta jaMgala (bAMsoM ke jaMgala) calA gyaa| teja havA ke kAraNa per3oM (bAMsoM) ke Apasa meM TakarAne se agni paidA huii| isa agni ke kAraNa samasta jaMgala meM Aga laga gii| zivabhUti bhI cAroM tarapha agni se ghira gyaa| isa saMkaTa se bacane kA koI upAya na dekhakara usane samAdhimaraNa kiyaa|21 zrIdatta nAmaka sAdhaka apanI kaThina sAdhanA meM lIna thaa| usa samaya bahuta jyAdA ThaNDa par3a rahI thii| kisI ne dveSavaza usake Upara ThaNDA pAnI DAla diyaa| atyadhika ThaNDa ke kAraNa jaba zrIdatta ko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki usakI mRtyu nizcita hai to usane samAdhimaraNa karake prANatyAga kiyA / 22 vivAhita gajakumAra pAMsula nAmaka zreSThI kI patnI para Asakta ho gyaa| bAda meM gajakumAra ne jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI aura
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________________ 130 samAdhimaraNa kaThora sAdhanA meM lIna ho gyaa| eka dina pAMsula ne sAdhanArata gajakumAra ke pUre zarIra meM lohe kI kIleM cubhA dii| gajakumAra ne apanI mRtyu ko nikaTa jAnakara samAdhimaraNa liyaa|23 antakRddazA meM gajasukumAla ke sa. dhimaraNa kA varNana ArAdhanAsAra se bhinna hai| isameM gajasukumAla ke sira para somila nAmaka brAhmaNa ne gIlI miTTI se pAla bA~dhakara Aga DAla dI / isa bhayAnaka pIr3A ko sahana karate hue gajasukumAla ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaare| isa prakAra uparyukta granthoM, vidvAnoM ke vicAroM evaM kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke lie mukhyarUpa se do upayukta avasara mAne jA sakate haiM : (1) zArIrika durbalatA (2) prAkRtika evaM prANIkRta vipadAjanya Akasmika mRtyu kA kAraNa upasthiti hone pr| zArIrika durbalatA vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa, roga yA vyAdhi ke kAraNa, Atmazuddhi ke lie kie gaye vrata, tapa, anazana Adi kinhIM kAraNoM se zarIra itanA durbala ho gayA ho ki vyakti kA jIvana bhArasvarUpa bana gayA ho arthAt vyakti apane Avazyaka kAryoM kA sampAdana karane meM samartha na ho / usake sampAdana ke lie kisI anya vyakti kI sahAyatA Avazyaka ho, durbalatA ke kAraNa usakI indriyA~ apane viSayoM ko grahaNa nahIM kara pAtI hoM- ina paristhitiyoM ko samAdhimaraNa karane kA upayukta avasara mAnA gayA hai| prAkRtika evaM prANIkRta vipadAe~ .. akAla, bhukhamarI, ativRSTi, anAvRSTi Adi prAkRtika vipadAe~ haiN| Aga meM jalanA, pAnI meM DUbanA, U~cAI se giranA ye prAkRtika evaM prANIkRta donoM vipadAe~ haiN| prAkRtika isa rUpa meM hai ki kabhI-kabhI nadI meM bAr3ha A jAtI hai, jisameM DUbane se mRtyu ho jAtI hai| vyakti vizeSa dvArA pAnI meM DUbAkara yA Aga meM jalAkara mAranA, hiMsaka duSTAtmAoM ke caMgula meM pha~sanA Adi prANIkRta vipadAeM haiN| ina paristhitiyoM meM vyakti ko agara spaSTa rUpa se mRtyu kI sambhAvanA pratIta ho to usake lie ye paristhitiyA~ samAdhimaraNa karane hetu upayukta avasara haiN|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 131 Akasmika mRtyu ke kAraNa prAkRtika evaM prANIkRta vipadAoM ke kAraNa vyakti kI mRtya hone kI sambhAvanA ho to use samAdhimaraNa (sAgArI saMthArA) kara lenA caahie| sAgArI saMthArA yA avicAra bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa (samAdhimaraNa) Akasmika mRtyu kA kAraNa upasthita hone para hI kiyA jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa lenevAle kI yogyatA samAdhimaraNa jainadharma meM varNita samasta tapoM se ucca aura kaThina hai| ise sabhI vyakti nahIM kara sakate haiN| isake lie kucha yogtAe~ nirdhArita kI gaI haiN| jinake pAsa ye yogyatAe~ rahatI haiM ve hI samAdhimaraNa kara sakate haiN| jaina AgamoM meM samAdhimaraNa karanevAle kI yogyatA para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai jo nimna haiM - . __uttarAdhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa lenevAle kI yogyatA para prakAza DAlate hue likhA gayA hai.5 - saMyamazIla, jitendriya aura cAritrayukta sakAma aura akAmamaraNa ke bheda jAnanevAlA tathA mRtyu ke svarUpa kA jJAtA evaM mRtyu se nahIM DaranevAlA vyakti samAdhimaraNa ke yogya hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra- mamatvarahita, ahaMkArarahita, kaSAyarahita, dhIra, nidAnarahita, samyagdarzana se sampanna, indriyoM ko apane vaza meM rakhanevAlA, sAMsArika rAga ko samajhanevAlA, alpa kaSAyavAlA, indriya nigraha meM kuzala, cAritra ko svaccha rakhane meM prayAsarata tathA saMsAra ke samasta du:khoM ko jAnakara tathA ise samajhakara isase virata rahanevAlA vyakti samAdhimaraNa karane kA adhikArI hotA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra cAroM prakAra ke kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha) ko kRza karanevAlA vyakti samAdhimaraNa karane ke yogya hai| maraNavibhatti ke anusAra 28 - zarIra aura kaSAya ko kSINa karanevAlA vyakti samAdhimaraNa karane ke yogya hai arthAta vibhinna prakAra ke tapa, anazana kI sahAyatA se jisane kAya zarIra ko durbala banA liyA, apanI kaSAyoM ko zubhadhyAna aura zubha bhAvanA kA cintana karake alpa kara liyA tathA samasta prakAra ke rAga-dveSa se mukta ho gayA, vaha samAdhimaraNa karane ke yogya hai| uvAsagadasAo meM samAdhimaraNa lenevAle vyakti kI yogyatA kA varNana kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| isa kathAnaka ke mukhya pAtra haiM29- Ananda, kAmadeva, culanIpitA, surAdeva, cullazalaka, kuMDakaulika, sakaDAlaputra, gozAlaka, mahAzataka, nandinIpitA, sAlihIpitA Adi ne samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA thaa| inameM se kucha ke kathAnaka yahA~ prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kAmadeva apanI samAdhi-sAdhanA meM lIna thaa| usakI samAdhi ko bhaMga karane ke uddezya se deva ne pizAca kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura kAmadeva ko dhamakI dI ki yadi usane apanA vrata nahIM chor3A to vaha talavAra se usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara degaa| lekina kAmadeva apanI sAdhanA meM lIna rhaa| isa para pizAca ne talavAra se usake zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara ddaalaa| kAmadeva ne usa asahya vedanA ko samabhAvapUrvaka sahana kiyA aura apanI sAdhanA-patha para aDiga rhaa| isake bAda pizAcarUpI deva ne bhayAnaka hAthI kA rUpa banAyA aura kAmadeva ko apanI sUr3ha tathA nukIle dAMtoM se kaSTa dene lgaa| ise bhI sahana karate hue kAmadeva apanI sAdhanA-patha para aDiga rhaa|31 aba pizAcarUpI deva ne bhayAnaka sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake kAmadeva ko apanI nukIle dAMtoM tathA viSoM se Ahata karane lagA, lekina kAmadeva apanI sAdhanA para aDiga rhaa| anta meM deva ne kAmadeva se kSamAyAcanA kI aura kAmadeva ne samAdhimaraNa kiyaa|32 culanIpitA kaThina vrata karate hue apanA jIvana bitA rahA thaa| deva ne use usakI sAdhanA se haTAne ke lie usa para upasarga kiyaa| sarvaprathama deva.ne usake bar3e patra ko usake sAmane hI talavAra se kATakara, usake mAMsa rakta ko ubalate hue tela kI kar3hAhI meM khaulAyA tathA use usake Upara ddaalaa| culanIpitA ne isa tIvra vedanA ko titikSApUrvaka sahana kiyaa|23 jaba deva ne dekhA ki culanIpitA apanI sAdhanA-mArga se nahIM haTa rahA hai, taba usane usake anya do putroM ke sAtha bhI bar3e lar3ake jaisA hI vyavahAra kiyaa| lekina taba bhI culanIpitA dRr3hatApUrvaka apanI sAdhanA meM rata hI rhaa| aba deva ne krodha meM Akara culanIpitA se kahA ki usake putra jaisA hI kRtya vaha usakI mAtA ke sAtha bhI kregaa| isa para cUlanIpitA ne krodha aura mamatva meM Akara deva ko pakar3anA cAhA, lekina deva usakI pakar3a meM nahIM AyA isa taraha culanIpitA kA vrata bhaMga ho gyaa| vaha jora-jora se cillAne lgaa| usakI AvAja sunakara usakI mAtA AyI aura usane jaba sArA vRttAnta sanA to cUlanIpitA ko kahA ki yaha to mAyA thii| tumhArA vrata bhaMga huaa| tuma isakA prAyazcitta kro| culanIpitA ne isakA prAyazcita karate hue samAdhimaraNa grahaNa kiyaa|34 surAdeva apanI upAsanA meM lIna rahatA thaa| ekabAra deva ne use usakI upAsanA se haTAnA caahaa| usake lie deva ne usa para upasarga kiyA tathA usake tIna putroM kA vadha kara ddaalaa| lekina surAdeva apanI sAdhanA se 'avicala rhaa|25 aba deva ne use usakI upAsanA se DigAne ke lie bolA mRtyu ko cAhanevAle zramaNopAsaka surAdeva! yadi apane vratoM kA tyAga nahIM karoge to Aja maiM tumhAre zarIra meM eka hI sAtha zvAsa-damA, kAsakhAMsI, jvara-bukhAra, dAha-deha meM jalana, kukSi-zUla-peTa meM tIvra pIr3A, bhagandara-gudA para phor3A, arza-bavAsIra, ajIrNa-badahajamI, dRSTizUla-netra meM zUla cUbhane jaisI pIr3A, mUrddha
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 133 6 zUla - mastaka pIr3A, akAraka - bhojana meM aruci yA bhUkha na laganA, akSivedanA - A~kha duHkhanA, karNa - vedanA, kaMDU - khujalI, udara- roga tathA kuSTa ye solaha bhayAnaka roga utpanna kara dU~gA jisase tuma ArtadhyAna tathA vikaTa duHkha se pIr3ita hokara asamaya meM hI jIvana se hAtha dho baiThoge | aisA deva ne bAra-bAra kahanA prArambha kiyaa| jaba deva ne tIsarI bAra yahI bAta duharAI taba surAdeva ke mana meM aisA vicAra AyA ki isane mere tInoM putroM ko mAra DAlA aura aba mere zarIra meM solaha prakAra ke bhayAnaka roga eka sAtha utpanna kara denA cAhatA hai| ataH mere lie yahI zreyaskara hai ki maiM isa duSTa puruSa ko pakar3a luuN| yaha socakara vaha use pakar3ane ke lie uThA / itane meM vaha deva AkAza meM ur3a gyaa| surAdeva ke hAtha meM khambhA A gyaa| vaha jora-jora se cillAne lagA / 37 usakI AvAja sunakara surAdeva kI patnI AyI aura pUchA ki kyA huA ? isa para usane apane sAtha ghaTI huI ghaTanAoM ko apanI patnI ko batAyA / yaha saba sunane para usakI patnI bolI yaha saba jhUTha hai| vaha mAyAvI jAla thaa| aba Apa apane isa bhUla ke lie prAyazcita kIjie tathA apanI upAsanA meM laga jaaie| surAdeva ne prAyazcita ke tatpazcAt samAdhimaraNa kiyaa|38 cullazataka apanI upAsanA meM magna rahatA thA / deva ne use usakI sAdhanA-patha seDigAne ke lie usake tIna putroM ko usake sAmane mAra ddaalaa| lekina taba bhI cullazataka apanI upAsanA meM lagA hI rahA / 39 isa para deva ne cullazataka se kahA " - are zramaNopAsaka cullazataka! tuma aba bhI apane vratoM ko bhaMga nahIM karoge to maiM khajAne meM rakhI tumhArI chaha karor3a svarNa mudrAoM, vyApAra meM lagI tumhArI chaha karor3a svarNamudrAoM tathA ghara kA vaibhava aura sAja-samAna meM lagI chaha karor3a kI svarNa mudrAoM ko le jAu~gA / le jAkara use tirAhe, caurAhe, sar3akoM, rAjapatha Adi sthAnoM para bikhera dU~gA / jisase tuma ArtadhyAna evaM vikaTa duHkha se pIr3ita hokara asamaya meM hI jIvana se hAtha dho baiThoge / deva ne cullazataka se aisA bAra-bAra kahA / isa para cullazataka ke mana meM vicAra AyA ki isa puruSa ne mere beToM ko mAra DAlA aba yaha merA dhana chIna legA aura use lUTA degaa| isalie mere lie yahI zreyaskara hai ki maiM isa puruSa ko pakar3a luuN| aisA vicAra kara vaha deva ko pakar3ane ke lie udyata huA lekina deva to antardhyAna ho gayA aura usake hAtha meM sirpha khambhA aayaa| isa prakAra cullazataka apanI upAsanA-mArga se haTa gyaa| bAda meM usane apanI bhUla kA prAyazcita kara samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| *1 mahAzataka kA zarIra ugra tapazcaraNa ke kAraNa atyanta kRza ho gayA thaa| usane antima maraNAntika sallekhanA svIkAra kI, khAnapAna kA parityAga kiyA, anazana svIkAra kiyA, mRtyu kI kAmanA na karatA huA, vaha ArAdhanA meM lIna ho gayA aura use avadhijJAna kI prApti ho gyii| * 2 tatpazcAt eka dina mahAzataka kI patnI revatI zarAba ke naze meM unmatta bAra-bAra apanA vastra (uttarIya) pheMkatI huI poSadhazAlA meM jahA~
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________________ 134 samAdhimaraNa mahAzataka thA, aaii| Akara mahAzataka se bolI tuma mere sAtha manuSya jIvana kA vipula sukha kyoM nahIM bhogate tumheM dharma, mokSa, puNya, svarga Adi se kyA milegaa|43 revatI ne aisA bAra-bAra kahA, isa para mahAzataka ko krodha A gyaa| usane avadhijJAna kA prayoga kiyA, prayoga kara upayoga lgaayaa| avadhijJAna dvArA jAnakara usane apanI patnI revatI se kahA - mauta kI kAmanA karanevAlI revatI tu sAta rAta ke andara asalaka nAmaka roga se pIr3ita hokara Arta-vyathita, duHkhita tathA vivaza hotI huI Ayu-kAla pUrA hone para azAntipUrvaka mara kara adholoka meM prathama nAraka bhUmi ratnaprabhA meM lolupAcyuta nAmaka naraka caurAsI hajAra varSa ke AyuSya vAle nairayikoM meM utpanna hogii|44 revatI ke sAtha yaha honI ghaTita huii| tatpazcAt bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gautama ko mahAzataka ke pAsa usake isa krodha ke lie prAyazcita karane ko bhejaa| gautama ne mahAzataka se kahA 5- "antima maraNAntika sallekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) kI ArAdhanA meM lage hue, anazana svIkAra kie hue zramaNopAsaka ke lie satya, tattvarUpa tathya, sadbhUta vacana bhI yadi aniSTa, akAnta, apriya, amanojJa tathA mana ke pratikUla ho to unheM bolanA kalpanIya nahIM hai| he devAnupriya! tumane apanI patnI revatI ke prati aise vacana bole haiM, isalie tuma apane dharma ke pratikUla AcaraNa kI AlocanA karo, prAyazcitta svIkAra kro| mahAzataka ne taba prAyazcita kiyA aura samAdhimaraNa ko prApta kiyaa| uparyukta samasta kathAnaka samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karanevAle vyakti kI yogyatAoM para prakAza DAlate haiN| samAdhimaraNa karanevAle vyakti ko apane mana, apanI bhAvanAoM para saMyama rakhate hue sadAcAra vrata kA pAlana jIvanaparyanta karanA caahie| use sAMsArika bandhanoM se pUrI taraha mukta rahate hue apane kisI bandhu-bAndhava, parivAra, iSTa-mitra, putra, patnI tathA anya priyajanoM ke sukha-duHkha se pUrI taraha vilaga rahane kA prayatna karanA caahie| vibhinna prakAra ke aise tapa karane cAhiyeM jinase ki vyakti kA kaSAya alpa ho| samAdhimaraNa vrata kA grahaNa vyakti ko loka meM pratiSThArjita karane kI icchA (lokaiSaNA) se nahIM karanA caahie| bahadhA yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki vyakti jIvana bhara sAMsArika bhogoM evaM vAsanAoM kI pUrtI meM lagA rahatA hai aura jaba usakA mRtyu-kAla sannikaTa AtA jAna par3atA hai to vaha yaha ghoSaNA kara detA hai ki "maiM samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karatA huuN|'' parantu isa taraha se samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karanA ucita nahIM hai| aise bhAvAveza meM kiyA gayA samAdhimaraNa vastuta: samAdhimaraNa nahIM hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karanevAle vyakti kA mana vAsanAzUnya honA caahie| usake mana meM kisI taraha kA lobha nahIM honA caahie| sAMsArika bhogAkAMkSAoM kA use pUrNata: tyAga kara denA caahie| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karane ke lie vyakti meM nimnalikhita yogyatAe~ honI cAhiye -
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa jo sAMsArika AkAMkSAoM se mukta ho, jitendriya ho, samasta rAga-dveSa se svayaM ko dara rakhanevAlA tathA jisakA mana krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha Adi kaSAyoM se rahita ho, jise apane gRhIta vratoM kA jJAna ho tathA jo jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI sthitiyoM meM" samatA kA bhAva rakhatA ho| samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane kI vidhi samAdhimaraNa eka kaThina sAdhanA hone ke sAtha-sAtha viziSTa prakAra kI kriyAvidhi kI apekSA rakhatA hai| pUrva meM hamane samAdhimaraNa ko 40 adhikAradvAroM ke mAdhyama se ise samajhane kA prayatna kiyA tathA yogyatA evaM yogya avasara ke anukrama meM bhI isakI viziSTatA ko samajhane kA suavasara milaa| jaisA ki hameM jJAta hai ki samAdhimaraNa kI adhikatama avadhi bAraha varSa kI mAnI gaI hai| yaha dvAdazavarSa kA samaya kisa rUpa meM bitAyA jAnA cAhie jisase ki vyakti ke kAya aura kaSAya donoM alpa ho sakeM, isa viSaya para zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnya jaina graMthoM meM paryApta cintana haA hai| isa hetu hamaneAcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, maraNavibhakti prakIrNaka, mUlAcAra aura bhagavatI ArAdhanA jaise prAcIna jaina graMthoM ko apanA AdhAra banAyA hai| AcArAMga AcArAMga meM samAdhimaraNa lene kI vidhi para prakAza DAlate hue nimnalikhita tIna kriyAoM ko apanAye jAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai 6 1. AhAra ko kramaza: saMkSepa arthAt kama karanA, 2. kaSAyoM kA alpIkaraNa evaM upazamana karanA, tathA 3. zarIra ko samAdhistha, zAnta evaM sthira rakhane kA abhyAsa krnaa| samAdhimaraNa lene kI vidhi meM sAdhaka ko isI krama kA pAlana karanA caahie| samAdhimaraNa lenevAlA sAdhaka apane zArIrika sAmarthya ke anusAra zarIra ko kRza karane ke lie AhArAdi kI mAtrA ko alpa karatA hai| krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha Adi kaSAyoM ko atyanta kSINa evaM zAnta karatA hai| isake sAtha hI zarIra, mana, vacana kI pravRttiyoM ko sthira kara AtmIya guNoM ko prakAzita karane ke lie zubhadhyAna kA cintana karatA hai| ... AcArAMga meM ise spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa bhikSa ke mana meM aisA adhyavasAya ho jAtA hai ki sacamuca meM isa samaya (sAdhu jIvana kI Avazyaka kriyAe~ karane ke lie) isa (atyaMta jIrNa evaM azakta) zarIra ko vahana karane meM kramaza: glAna
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________________ 136 samAdhimaraNa (asamartha) ho rahA hU~, (aisI sthiti meM) vaha bhikSU kramazaH (tapa ke dvArA) AhAra kA saMvartana (saMkSepa) kare aura kramaza: AhAra kA saMkSepa karake kaSAyoM ko kRza (svalpa) kre| kaSAyoM ko svalpa karake samAdhiyukta lezyA (anta:karaNa kI vRtti) vAlA tathA phalaka kI taraha zarIra aura kaSAya donoM ora se kRza banA huA bhikSu samAdhimaraNa ke lie utthita hokara zarIra ke santApa ko zAnta kara le| zrI madhukaramuni jI ne AcArAMga kI apanI vyAkhyA meM samAdhimaraNa kA kAlagata vibhAjana karate hue ise jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa kahA hai|48 unake anusAra jaghanya samAdhimaraNa kA kAla 12 pakSa, madhyama 12 mAsa kA tathA utkRSTa 12 varSa kAlaparimANa kA hotA hai| unake matAnusAra samAdhimaraNa kA adhikatama kAla 12 varSa kA hotA hai jabaki nyUnatama samayAvadhi 12 pakSa kii| 12 pakSa kA samaya atyaMta alpa hotA hai jabaki 12 varSa kI samayAvadhi kAphI laMbI hotI hai| isa laMbe kAla meM sAdhaka ke samakSa vibhinna taraha kI bAdhAe~ upasthita ho sakatI haiN| astu sAdhaka ko ina sabase apane ko mukta rakhakara saMyama kI ArAdhanA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| dvAdazavarSIya samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi samAdhimaraNa kA pUrNa kAla 12 varSa kA mAnA gayA hai| ina bAraha varSoM meM sAdhaka zarIra aura kaSAya ko kRza karane ke lie vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kA abhyAsa karatA hai| pUjya madhukaramuni jI isakA vivecana karate hue likhate haiM.9 -prathama cAra varSa taka kabhI upavAsa, kabhI belA, kabhI telA, colA yA paMcolA, isa prakAra cAra varSa taka tapa kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt phira cAra varSa taka usI taraha vicitra tapa kiyA jAtA hai| pAraNA ke dina vigayarahita (rasarahita) AhAra liyA jAtA hai| usake bAda do varSa taka ekAntara tapa kiyA jAtA hai, pAraNA ke dina Ayambila tapa kiyA jAtA hai| gyArahaveM varSa ke prathama 6 mAsa taka upavAsa yA belA tapa kiyA jAtA hai, dvitIya 6 mAsa meM vikRSTa tapa-telAcolA Adi kiyA jAtA hai| pAraNe meM kucha UnodarIyukta Ayambila kiyA jAtA hai| usake pazcAt 12 veM varSa meM koTi sahita lagAtAra Ayambila kiyA jAtA hai| pAraNA ke dina bhI AyaMbila kiyA jAtA hai, anta meM sAdhaka bhojana meM pratidina eka-eka grAsa ko kama karatekarate eka grAsa (saktha) bhojana para A jAtA hai| pUjya madhukaramuni jI kA yaha vivecana AcArAMga para AdhArita hai| isa kAlAvadhi meM jo bhI saMkaTa athavA upasarga sAdhaka ke samakSa upasthita hote haiM unake nidAna ke lie bhI AcArAMga meM ullekha milatA hai| ina bAraha varSoM meM sAdhaka kaSAyoM ko kRza (alpa) karake alpAhArI banakara parISahoM evaM durvacanoM ko sahana karatA hai| yadi bhikSu glAni ko prApta karatA hai, to AhAra ke pAsa nahIM jAtA hai arthAt AhAra kA sevana hI nahIM karatA hai|50 anazana sAdhanA meM sthita sAdhaka na to jIne kI AkAMkSA karatA hai na marane kI abhilASA hI karatA hai arthAta
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 137 vaha jIne aura marane kI abhilASA nahIM rakhe / 51 sukha - duHkha meM samatva kA bhAva banAe rakhakara karmoM kI nirjarA karanevAle patha kI sAdhanA karatA hai tathA rAga-dveSa kaSAya Adi Antarika tathA zarIra upakaraNa Adi bAhya padArthoM kA vyutsarga yA tyAga karake zuddha adhyAtma kI eSaNA (anveSaNa) karatA hai / 52 samAdhimaraNa lene ke kAla meM yadi vyakti ko apane jIvanayApana meM kisI bhI taraha ke AtaMka Adi kA prArambha jAna par3atA hai to usa samAdhimaraNa kAla ke bIca meM hI vyakti bhaktapratyAkhyAna kara paNDitamaraNa apanA letA hai53 taba sAdhaka yA vyakti grAma yA vana meM jAkara sthaNDila bhUmi kA avalokana karatA hai aura jahA~ jIva-jantu se rahita sthAna hotA hai vahIM saMthArA bichA letA hai / 5* saMthArA ke lie vaha ghAsa, kuza yA isI taraha kI anya vastuoM kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| kabhIkabhI to vaha saMthAre ke lie sirpha jamIna kA hI upayoga karatA hai / vyakti saMstAraka para nirAhAra hokara (trividha yA caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga ) zAntabhAva se leTa jAtA hai| usa samaya parISahoM aura upasargoM se AkrAnta hone para usako samabhAvapUrvaka, sahajabhAva se sahana karatA hai| manuSya dvArA pratikUla yA anukUla upasarga utpanna karane para bhI vaha apanI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM karatA hai / 55 reMganevAle jantu jaise cIMTI Adi prANI yA AkAza meM Upara ur3anevAle jIva jaise giddha Adi yA jamIna ke andara rahanevAle jantu jaise sarpa Adi samAdhimaraNa lenevAle vyakti ke zarIra para hamalA karate haiM aura usake mAMsa, rakta Adi noMca-noca kara khAteM haiM to bhI ve unheM na to haTAte haiM aura na hI mArate haiM; varan inase honevAle kaSToM ko sahajabhAva se sahana karate haiM / 6 sAtha hI, isa prakAra kA cintana karate haiM ki ye prANI mere zarIra kA nAza kara rahe haiM, mere jJAnAdi AtmaguNoM kA nhiiN| isa prakAra zubha vicAra kA cintana karate hue ve hiMsAdi se pRthak hokara una upasargoM ko sahana karate haiM / 57 isa taraha ke sAdhaka zarIra upakaraNAdi bAhya granthiyoM tathA rAgAdi antaraMga granthiyoM se mukta hokara samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA deha kA tyAga karate haiM aura mukti ko prApta karate haiM / 58 uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana meM samAdhimaraNa ko paMDitamaraNa kahA gayA hai| paMDitamaraNa lene kI vidhi para prakAza DAlate hue likhA gayA hai ki samAdhimaraNa (paMDitamaraNa) lenevAlA vyakti zarIra se sAmAyika ke aMgoM kA sevana kare, donoM pakSoM meM poSadha kare, parantu eka rAtri ko kabhI bhI hona nahIM kre| 19 sAmAyika tIna prakAra kI hotI hai- samyak sAmAyika, zruta sAmAyika aura dezavrata sAmAyika / niHzalya Adi AThaguNa sAmAyika ke aMga mAne gaye haiM aura inakA smaraNa vyakti ko avazya karanA caahie| jisa vrata ke dvArA dharma kA poSaNa kiyA jAya use poSadha kahate haiN| isI kAraNa vyakti ko eka mAsa meM do poSadha nahIM to
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________________ 138 samAdhimaraNa kama se kama eka poSadha avazya karanA caahie| vyakti ko saMyama aura tapa kA abhyAsa karake kaSayoM se rahita ho jAnA cAhie arthAta vyakti ko kAma, krodha Adi kaSAya se mukta ho jAnA caahie|60 kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sattaraha prakAra ke saMyama aura bAhara prakAra ke tapa (bhAvanA) jo zAstroM meM varNita haiM unakA samyak rUpa se anuSThAna karanA cAhie, krodhAdi caturvidha kaSAyoM se mukta ho jAnA caahie| jaba maraNa kAla A jAe to gurujanoM ke samIpa jAkara mRtyu ke bhaya ko apane hRdaya se sarvathA dUra karake anazana ke dvArA zarIra-bheda arthAt dehapatana kI pratIkSA karanI caahie|61 mRtyu ke samaya vyakti ke mana meM utsAha, prasannatA Adi kA bhAva rahanA cAhie tathA anazana karane ke pIche yaha bhAvanA nahIM rahanI cAhie ki isase maiM zIghra mRtyU ko prApta kara luuNgaa| tAtparya hai ki vyakti mRtyu ke svAgata ke lie saharSa taiyAra ho jAe tathA mana meM aisA vicAra kare ki anazana dvArA hI yadi isa nazvara zarIra kA vinAza honA hai to yaha mere lie saubhAgya kI bAta hai| kAla kI dRSTi se samAdhimaraNa ko tIna koTiyoM meM bAMTA gayA hai62. utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya / utkRSTa bAhara varSa kA, madhyama eka varSa kA aura jaghanya chaha mAsa kA hotA hai| dvAdaza varSIya samAdhimaraNa kI vidhi dvAdaza varSIya samAdhimaraNa ke bAhara varSoM meM se prathama cAra varSoM meM vyakti dugdha Adi vikRtiyoM (rasoM) kA tyAga karatA hai tathA dUsare cAra varSoM meM vividha prakAra ke tapa karatA hai|63 phira do varSoM taka ekAntara tapa (eka dina upavAsa aura phira eka dina bhojana) karatA hai| bhojana ke dina AyAma-AcAmla karatA hai| usake bAda gyArahaveM varSa meM pahale chaha mahinoM taka koI bhI ativikRSTa (telA, colA Adi) tapa nahIM karanA caahie|64 usake bAda chaha mahIne taka vikRSTa tapa karanA caahie| isa pUre varSa meM pAraNe ke dina AcAmla karanA caahie|65 bArahaveM varSa meM eka varSa taka koTi sahita arthAt nirantara AcAmla karake phira muni ko pakSa yA eka mAsa kA AhAra tyAga arthAt anazana karanA caahie|66 maraNavibhakti ___ maraNavibhakti yA maraNasamAhi nAmaka prakIrNaka meM samAdhimaraNa para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakIrNaka ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa lene kI vidhi nimnalikhita hai isake anusAra samAdhimaraNa karane ke lie deha aura kaSAya donoM ko kRza kiyA jAtA hai| deha kRzIkaraNa ko bAhya samAdhimaraNa (sallekhanA) tathA kaSAya kRzIkaraNa ko
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa Abhyantara samAdhimaraNa kahA jAtA hai / 67 zarIra ko kRza karane ke lie vyakti nAnA prakAra ke tapoM kA abhyAsa karatA hai aura AhArAdi ko alpa karate hue krama se usakA tyAga karatA hai / " sarvaprathama vyakti apane AhAra kI mAtrA ko kama karatA hai phira dhIre-dhIre sabhI prakAra ke rasoM kA parityAga karatA hai aura anta meM rasa se mukta AhAra grahaNa karatA hai / vaha pIne ke lie ubale hue jala kA upayoga karatA hai / bAda meM vyakti dhIre-dhIre anazana tapa prArambha karatA hai| pahale vaha anazana karane kI avadhi ko kama rakhatA hai bAda meM isa avadhi ko bar3hAtA jAtA hai / 69 isa prakAra vyakti rasa se rahita bhojana tathA anazana tapa ko karate hue apane zarIra kA kRzIkaraNa karatA hai| 139 1 samAdhimaraNa karane ke krama meM zarIra - kRzIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha kaSAyoM kA bhI kRzIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra ke kaSAya haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha / vyakti ko ina caturvidha kaSAyoM kA kRzIkaraNa karanA caahie| krodha ko kSamA kI sahayAtA se, mAna ko mArdava kI sahAyatA se, mAyA ko saralatA kI sahAyatA se tathA lobha ko santoSa kI sahAyatA se kSINa yA upazAnta karanA cAhie / kaSAyoM ko alpa karane se vyakti ke rAga-dveSa dUra hote haiM aura vaha mukti ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| kyoMki ina kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hI vyakti tIvra rAga-dveSa se jakar3A rahatA hai| rAga-dveSa para vijaya prApta karake vyakti sabhI avasthAoM meM samatva kA bhAva banAe rakhatA hai arthAt duHkha ke kAraNa vaha du:khI nahIM hotA aura sukha ke kAraNa harSita bhI nahIM hotA hai / vaha sAMsArika mamatva se dUra hokara jIvana aura mRtyu donoM hI avasthAoM meM samabhAva banAe rahatA hai|" samayAnusAra samAdhimaraNa jaghanya aura utkRSTa donoM hI prakAra ke hote haiM / jaghanya jahA~ chaha mAsa kA hotA hai vahIM utkRSTa bAraha varSa kaa| yaha samaya vyakti AyaMbila tapa, anazana Adi ke dvArA vyatIta karatA hai| ina tapoM tathA anazana kI sahAyatA se mukhya rUpa se vaha deha kA kRzIkaraNa karatA hai / 72 utkRSTa samAdhimaraNa dvArA sAdhaka kAya aura kaSAya ko kSINa karatA hai| kAya aura kaSAya ko kSINa karate hue vaha apane guNa-doSoM kI AlocanA apane AcArya ke pAsa jAkara karatA hai| 73 samasta jIvoM ke prati vaha kSamA kA bhAva rakhatA hai| na to kisI kI nindA hI karatA hai aura na hI kisI kI bar3AI / moha, mAyA, prapaMca se dUra hokara vaha apane rAga-dveSa se mukta hone kA upakrama karatA hai| * usake bAda gA~va, nagara se dUra pahAr3a kI guphA, jaMgala Adi sthAnoM para jIvoM se mukta bhalIbhA~ti parimArjana karake saMstAraka ko bichAtA hai|75 yahA~ para vaha niHzalya, niH kaSAe hokara zAntabhAva se mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| jaba taka mRtyu nahIM AtI hai, kSetra kA vaha apane mana meM zubha vicAroM kA cintana karatA hai / vaha saMstAraka ke rUpa meM ghAsa, phUsa " yA mAtraM jamIna kA hI upayoga karatA hai tathA yaha ciMtana karatA hai ki yaha saMstAraka vizuddha
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________________ 140 samAdhimaraNa maraNa hetu hI grahaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| isa prakAra vyakti kAya aura kleza ko kRza karate hue bAhya aura Abhyantara zuddhi karake samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karatA hai aura saMsAra se mukti ko prApta karatA hai|07 mUlAcAra yaha digambara paramparA kA AcAra nirUpaNa karanevAlA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya vaTTekara ko isakA racayitA mAnA gayA hai| isa grantha meM samAdhimaraNa lene kI vidhi para prakAza DAlate hae kahA gayA hai- samAdhimaraNa vrata lenevAle vyakti ko prANahiMsA, asatyavacana, sampUrNa adattagrahaNa, maithUna tathA parigraha kA tyAga karanA caahie| vyakti ko samasta prANiyoM meM samatA kA bhAva rakhanA cAhie / apanI samasta AkAMkSAoM kA parityAga kara denA cAhie tathA saMsAra ke samasta jIvoM ke prati apane vaira-bhAva kA tyAga karanA cAhie arthAt hita-ahita bhAva se Upara uThakara kSamA-bhAva grahaNa karanA caahie|79 vyakti ko sampUrNa AhAra vidhi, AhAra Adi saMjJAoM, isa loka tathA paraloka Adi kI AkAMkSAoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| jaba vyakti kA maraNakAla nikaTa ho to mana meM isa taraha kA vicAra karanA cAhie ki isa dezakAla meM upasarga ke prasaMga meM yadi merA jIvana nahI rahA to maiM caturvidha AhAra kA tyAga karake dehatyAga karU~gA aura agara upasarga Tala gayA to puna: AhAra grahaNa kruNgaa| lekina agara mRtyu avazyambhAvI ho arthAt mRtyu kA honA Tala nahI sakatA, taba sabhI taraha ke AhAra Adi kA maiM manavacana-kAya se tyAga kruuNtaa|81 AhArAdi kA grahaNa zarIra ko TikAe rakhane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, lekina jaba paristhitivaza zarIra ko TikAe rakha pAnA saMbhava nahIM hotA aura isa prayatna meM dharma se bhraSTa ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA rahe to kSapaka ko AhArAdi kA tyAga karake dehapatana kI pratIkSA karanI hI caahie| vyakti apane zarIra para se mamatva kA bhAva haTA letA hai vaha socatA hai ki samasta duHkhoM kA kAraNa yaha zarIra hI hai arthAt harSa, viSAda, jarA Adi isa zarIra ke kAraNa hI haiN| kyoMki zarIra hI janmamaraNa, sukha-duHkha kA upabhoga karatA hai|82 ata: vyakti ko isa nazvara zarIra para se mamatva kA bhAva haTA lenA cAhie tathA mana ko dharmadhyAna yA zubhadhyAna meM lagAnA cAhie / zarIra ke naSTa hone para yA mRtyu jAne para kisI taraha kA pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie aura na hI isa zarIra ke prati kisI taraha kA rAga rakhanA caahie| isa prakAra zarIra para se apane mamatva kA tyAga karake pratikramaNa karanA cAhie arthAt apane samasta doSoM ke lie sabhI se kSamA yAcanA karanI cAhie tathA tIna taraha
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 141 ke AhAra kA tyAga karanA cAhie aura pAnaka vastu kA bhI parityAga kara denA caahie|83 isa prakAra se kAya aura kaSAya kA tyAga karate hue samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA mukti prApta karanI caahie| bhagavatI ArAdhanA bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa kA vrata deha aura kaSAya donoM ko kRza karate hue grahaNa karanA caahie|84 deha kA kRzIkaraNa AhArAdi kA tyAga karake tathA kaSAya kA kRzIkaraNa vibhinna prakAra ke tapa kI sahAyatA se kiyA jAtA hai| __ zarIra ke kRzIkaraNa ke lie sabhI prakAra ke rasoM se rahita rUkhA bhojana grahaNa karane tathA 5 do prakAra ke anazana addhAnazana evaM sarvAnazana karane kA vidhAna hai| pratisevanA kAla meM niyata kAlAvadhi kA anazana addhAnazana kahalAtA hai aura maraNa samaya meM jo anazana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sarvAnazana kahalAtA hai|86 apanI sAdhanA ke krama meM vyakti jo AhAra aba taka grahaNa karatA AyA hai usakI bhI mAtrA ko kama karatA hai, anazana karane ke samaya ko bar3hAtA hai tathA apane bala yA yogyatA ke anusAra apane deha ko kRza karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa vrata ko pUrNa karane ke lie kaSAya ko alpa karanA hotA hai| kaSAya mukhya rUpa se cAra prakAra ke hote haiM- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobh| ina kaSAyoM ko alpa karane ke lie samAdhimaraNadhArI ko isa taraha ke tapa karane hote haiM jo ina kaSAyoM ko zAnta kara de / vyakti ko una samasta vikRtiyoM ko tyAga denA cAhie jo kaSAyarUpI agni ko paidA karate haiM tathA una sadguNoM ko apanAnA cAhie jisase kaSAyoM kA nAza ho|8 isa prakAra vyakti apane kaSAya aura deha ko kRza karate hue samabhAvapUrvaka apanI tapArAdhanA meM vyasta rahatA hai| jaba vyakti ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki usakI Ayu aba samApta honevAlI hai, taba vaha guru ke pAsa jAtA hai aura apane samasta karmoM kI AlocanA karate hue samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu ko grahaNa karatA hai|89 __ prastuta grantha meM samAdhimaraNa vrata pUrNa karane ke lie bAraha varSa kA samaya batalAyA gayA hai|90 bAhara varSa sAdhaka ko nimnalikhita DhaMga se bitAne kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai-91 prathama cAra varSa vyakti nAnA prakAra ke tapa ke dvArA kAya evaM klezoM ko kSINa karane meM bitAtA hai| bAda ke cAra varSoM meM vaha bhojana meM samasta prakAra ke rasoM kA parityAga karake zarIra ko sukhAtA hai| rasoM ke parityAga se tAtparya yahA~ dUdha, ghI, dahI Adi tathA mIThA, namakIna Adi samasta prakAra ke sarasa padArthoM kA parityAga karanA hai| zeSa cAra varSoM meM se do varSa kAMjI aura rasa-vyaMjana Adi se rahita bhojana khAkara vyatIta karatA hai| bAda For Private &Personal Use Only .
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________________ 142 samAdhimaraNa ke do varSoM meM se eka varSa kevala kAMjI AhAra letA hai / antima bArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaha mahIne madhyama tapa tathA antima chaha mahIne utkRSTa tapa karate hue vyatIta karatA hai / " 92 isa prakAra vyakti ina bAhara varSoM meM vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kI sahAyatA se evaM anazanAdi karake kAya aura kaSAya ko alpa karatA hai| kAya aura kaSAya ko alpa karane ke atirikta vaha anya kAryoM kA bhI sampAdana karatA hai jisakA vistRta vivecana bhaktapratyAkhyAnamaraNa se sambandhita adhyayana meM kiyA jA cukA hai / 93 jaise vinayarUpI tapa ko apanAnA, samAdhi, aniyata vihAra, upAdhi jayaNA, sallekhanA, khAmaNA (kSamA), samatA, dhyAna Adi prakAra kI sAdhanAoM evaM AcAroM kA bhI pAlana ina bAhara varSoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, maraNavibhatti mUlAcAra evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi granthoM ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa lene kI vidhi para carcA karane para hama pAte haiM ki samAdhimaraNa lenevAlA vyakti kAya aura kaSAya ko kSINa karatA hai tathA samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu ke Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke lie vaha vividha kriyAoM kA sampAdana karatA hai / yathA- apane rahane ke lie yogya sthAna kI khoja karatA hai, yogya sthAna mila jAne para usa sthAna kA pramArjana karake ghAsa phUsa Adi kA saMstAraka bichAtA hai| isI saMstAraka para baiThakara mana ko ekAgra karake tIrthaMkara evaM dharmAcArya ko vandana karatA hai / phira apane grahIta vratoM meM lage doSoM kA prAyazcitta karatA hai / taduparAnta yAvajjIvana ke lie hiMsAdi samasta pApoM kA tyAga karatA hai| phira kramazaH cAroM AhAroM kA tyAgakara zarIra ke poSaNa ke prayatnoM ko tyAga detA hai aura samAdhistha hokara mRtyu kI pratIkSA karatA hai| uparyukta sabhI granthoM meM isI prakAra kI carcAyeM kucha-kucha antara aura sAmya ke sAtha pratipAdita kI gaI haiM / kAya aura kaSAya-kSINa karane kA nirdeza sabhI granthoM meM hai| bAraha varSa kA samaya kisa prakAra vyatIta kiyA jAe isI ko lekara ina granthoM meM kucha-kucha antara hai| bAraha varSIya samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, maraNavibhakti evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM hai, jabaki mUlAcAra meM bAraha varSIya samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra prathama cAra varSa upavAsa, belA, telA, colA, paMcolA Adi vividha tapa karane kA nirdeza hai, to uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra ina prathama cAra varSoM meM dugdha Adi sarasa bhojana ke tyAga kA nirdeza hai| lekina bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM mAtra itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki prathama cAra varSa vyakti vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kI sAdhanA se kAya aura
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 143 kleza ko kSINa karane meM vyatIta karatA hai| jabaki isa taraha kI spaSTa vidhi maraNavibhakti meM nahI milatI hai| ata: prathama cAra varSoM kA mukhya antara ina tInoM meM yahI hai ki jahA~ AcArAMga meM upavAsa ke bAre meM nirdeza haiM, uttarAdhyayana meM mAtra sarasa bhojana ke tyAga kA nirdeza hai; vahI bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM mAtra kAya evaM klezoM ko kRza karane ke lie tapa karane kA nirdeza hai, kintu kisa taraha ke tapa karane cAhie isakA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM diyA gayA hai| bAda ke cAra varSoM meM AcArAMga ke anusAra rasa se rahita bhojana grahaNa karane kA nirdeza hai, uttarAdhyayana meM vividha prakAra ke tapa karane kA nirdeza hai, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM rasa se rahati bhojana lene kA nirdeza hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bAda ke cAra varSoM ko lekara AcArAMga evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM sAmya hai, jabaki uttarAdhyayana kI ina donoM se bhinnatA hai, kyoMki isameM tapa kA nirdeza karate hue samasta bhojana kA tyAga prathama cAra varSa meM hI karane kA nirdeza hai| AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra bAda ke cAra varSoM meM se prathama do varSa meM ekAntara tapa kA nirdeza hai, jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ina do varSoM meM kAMjI aura rUkSa bhojana hI lene kA nirdeza hai| AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra gyArahaveM varSa ke prathama chaha mahIne meM belA yA upavAsa tapa tathA bAda ke chaha mahIne meM vikRSTa tapa telA Adi kA nirdeza hai, lekina bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM yaha vibhAjana nahIM hai aura sIdhe-sIdhe gyArahaveM varSa ke pUrNa samaya taka kAMjI AhAra lene kA nirdeza hai| AcArAMga evaM uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra vyakti bArahaveM varSa meM apane bhojana meM dhIre-dhIre kamI karatA hai aura anta meM AhAra kA tyAga kara detA hai, lekina bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra bAharaveM varSa ke prathama chaha mahIne vyakti ko madhyama tapa evaM bAda ke chaha mahIne meM utkRSTa tapa karane kA nirdeza hai| upasargoM ko sahana karane kA nirdeza to sabhI granthoM meM hai, lekina saMstAraka (mRtyuzayyA) grahaNa karane kA nirdeza jahA~ AcArAMga, maraNavibhakti, bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM spaSTa hai vahIM uttarAdhyayana meM isa sambandha kI carcA nahIM milatI hai| AcArAMga meM gA~va se bAhara nirjana kSetra meM jIva-jantuoM se rahita bhUmi para saMstAraka bichAne kA nirdeza hai| maraNavibhakti ke anusAra gA~va se dUra pahAr3a kI guphA Adi kSetroM meM jIva-jantuoM se rahita bhUmi para saMstAraka bichAne kA nirdeza hai, jabaki bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM jIva-jantu se rahita tathA mana meM kSobha paidA karanevAle sthAnoM se dUra ekAMta meM saMstAraka bichAne kA nirdeza milatA hai| saMstAraka para baiThakara vyakti ko kyA karanA cAhie isakA nirdeza dete hue AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta prakAra ke upasargoM ko sahana karate hue mana ko hiMsAdi vikAroM se pRthak rakhakara tathA rAgAdi bhAvoM se mukta hokara deha kA tyAga karanA caahie| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki saMstAraka para ArUr3ha vyakti ko samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu
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________________ 144 samAdhimaraNa Agamana kI pratIkSA karanI caahie| maraNavibhakti ke anusAra saMstAraka para ArUr3ha vyakti ni:zalya aura ni:kaSAya hokara zAntabhAva se mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra saMstAraka para ArUr3ha vyakti rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara mRtyu Agamana kI pratIkSA karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa hetu apekSita jIvanadRSTi sAmAnyata: vyakti rAga-dveSAdi kASAyoM se grasita tathA apanI deha ke prati mamatva kA bhAva banAe rakhatA hai| isI mamatva ke kAraNa vyakti bandhana meM rahatA hai aura mukti ko prApta nahIM kara pAtA hai| mukti prApta karane ke lie rAga-dveSAdi kaSAyoM ko alpa karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| samAdhimaraNa ke dvArA mukti vahI vyakti prApta kara sakatA jisake kaSAya kSINa ho cuke haiN| ata: samAdhimaraNa grahaNa karane ke lie mukhya rUpa se rAga-dveSAdi kASAyoM ko kSaya karanA hotA hai| maraNavibhakti meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti mukhya rUpa se krodha, mAna, mAyA, aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoM se yukta rahatA hai| ina kaSAyoM ko kramaza: kSamA, mArdava, Arjava tathA santoSa kI sahAyatA se kRza kiyA jAtA hai|94 ye kaSAyeM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak-cAritra Adi guNoM kA ghAta karatI haiM jinake kAraNa vyakti saMsAra ke bhavacakra meM ulajhA rahatA hai| inhIM ke kAraNa vyakti ke mana meM vikRti AtI hai aura usakA yoga arthAt mAnasika, vAcika evaM zArIrika kriyA-kalApa zuddha nahIM raha pAtA hai| ata: inakI zuddhi ke lie inheM kRza karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki inheM kRza kara lene ke pazcAt hI vyakti paJcendriya rUpa coroM kA vinAza karane tathA anya sabhI taraha ke satkarmoM ko sAdhane meM saphala hotA hai| isalie vyakti ko zubhadhyAna aura satkarmoM kA AcaraNa karake ina caturvidha kaSAyoM ko kRza karanA caahie|15 deha ko kRza karane ke krama meM vyakti apane mana meM yaha vicAra karatA hai ki jisa deha kA usane anna jala ke dvArA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA hai| usI deha ko tapa-dhyAnAdi ke dvArA kRza karake samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNakara apane jIvana ko saphala banAegA96 isake lie vyakti ko nirantara apanA AhAra kama karate jAnA caahie| sarvaprathama vaha Thosa AhAra kA parityAga karatA hai aura mAtra jalIya AhAra kA sevana karatA hai| tatpazcAt cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga karatA hai aura jIvanaparyanta upavAsa karatA hai|97 upavAsa ke antargata vyakti ko kSudhA, tRSA, zayana (zayyA), roga-vyAdhi Adi vedanAoM kI anubhUti hone para unase ghabarAnA nahIM cAhie aura ina para niyantraNa rakhanA caahie| kSudhArUpI vedanA hone para kSudhA ke samasta doSoM tathA anazana kI mahattA kA cintana
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa vyakti karate hue kSudhA vedanA ko zAnta karanA cAhie | kSudhA ke doSoM ko smaraNa karate hue yaha vicAra karatA hai ki isI vedanA ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra ke bhavacakra meM pha~sA rahatA. hai aura sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| AhAra svAdAnubhUti kA paricAyaka hai, ataH jo jihvA ke vazIbhUta hai usakI buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki bhojana meM Asakta hone se vaha bhakSya - abhakSya kA vicAra nahIM karatA / yadi usakI buddhi tIkSNa hotI hai to vaha bhI manda ho jAtI hai, kyoMki rasoM meM rAgarUpI mala se lipta hone se buddhi bhakSya vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko nahIM dekha paatii| isake atirikta AhAra kA lampaTI manuSya viSaya sevana karate hue pramatta kI taraha apane vaza meM nahIM rahatA / 18 kSudhA kI yaha vedanA karmoM ke saMcaya kA kAraNa hotI hai| ise anazana se hI zAnta kiyA jA sakatA hai / 99 agara kisI kAraNavaza upavAsa karanevAle vyakti ko kisI prakAra kA roga ho jAtA hai, to vaha svayameva dUra ho jAtA hai| lekina agara yahI vyAdhi kisI bhojanabhaTTa ko hotI hai, to use duHkha aura kleza milatA hai| 10. tRSNArUpI vedanA kA nirAkaraNa vyakti jJAna, dhyAna rUpa sudhArasa kA pAna karake karatA hai / 101 vaha apane mana meM yaha vicAra karatA hai ki manuSya yoni meM janma lekara tathA daridratA se pIr3ita hokara kaSTa ke nivAraNa ke lie dhana kamAne ke uddezya se usane isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kiyA, apane paribhramaNa kAla meM usane apanI deha aura antarAtmA donoM ko hI jalAnevAlI tRSNA ko sahana kiyaa| isa taraha se usane tRSNA evaM usase utpanna kaSToM ko sahana kiyA hai| ataH isa samaya saMnyAsa kI isa avasthA meM utpanna honevAlI tRSNA rUpI vedanA vyartha hai, 102 kyoMki yaha vyakti ko dhIratA, mAhAtmya, kRtajJatA, vinaya aura dharma-zraddhA jaise sadguNoM se nirata karatI hai / durbhikSa meM vyakti apanI kSudhA zAMti hetu billI, macchI, sarpiNI kI bhA~ti apane saMtAnoM kA hI bhakSaNa kara letA hai aura isa loka tathA paraloka meM du:khI hotA hai| 103 saMtAna kI mRtyu apane Apa meM sabase bar3A duHkha mAnA gayA hai aura usI saMtAna kI mRtyu svayaM ke AhAra ke nimitta karanA duHkha kI parAkASThA hI kahI jA sakatI hai| 145 kaThora naMgI bhUmi para tRNoM se banI zayyA para sone se kisI prakAra kA kaSTa hone para vyakti apane mana meM isa taraha ke vicAra karake zayyA rUpI parISaha yA vedanA ko jItatA hai- daridratA kI sthiti meM yA udarapoSaNa hetu pRthvI para bhaTakate hue manuSya ke bhava meM bhI aneka bAra kaThina zayyA para soyA huuN| maiMne paravaza hokara zayyA janita duHkhoM ko bhogA hai aura usase jo apAra kaSTa mujhe huA hai usake sAmane isa amRdu zayyA kA yaha kSaNika kaSTa kucha nahIM hai|1`* kSudhApIr3ita zarIra ko zayana hetu upayukta sthAna nahIM milane para kAphI kaSTa hotA hai| tRNAdi se banI zayyA zarIra meM cubhatI rahatI hai| jisake kAraNa kSapaka ko zarIra janita yaha kaSTa kabhI-kabhI asahya bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha sthiti sAdhaka ko usake vrata-mArga se skhalita bhI kara sakatI hai| ataH mArga-skhalana se bacane ke lie hI sAdhaka
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________________ 146 samAdhimaraNa zayyA janita parISaha ke zamana hetu uparyukta cintana karatA hai| upavAsa ke antargata zArIrika roga yA vyAdhi se pIr3ita hone para tathA usase utpanna asahya vedanA kI sthiti meM vyakti ko apane mana meM yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki ye sabhA "roga-vyAdhi pUrva bhavoM ke arjita azubha karmoM ke phala haiM aura inakA jabataka upabhoga nahIM kiyA jAegA ye azubha karma naSTa nahIM hogeM / 105 ataH ye mere lie kaSTakAraka nahIM hokara hitakArI hI haiM, kyoMki inakI sahAyatA se mere pUrva-bhavoM ke arjita karmoM kA kSaya ho rahA hai isalie inheM hitakArI mAnakara vyakti ko roga-vyAdhi ke kaSToM se duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| isa avasthA meM bhI use apane sAdhanAmaya mArga para avicala rahanA caahie| jahA~ taka saMbhava ho roga-vyAdhi ke kAraNa utpanna zArIrika kaSToM ko nirlipta bhAva se sahana karanA caahie| aisA karanA sAdhaka ke lie kaThina kArya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA zarIra aura AtmA ke aMtara ko samajhakara hI prArambha karatA hai| Atmazodhana ke lie zarIra ko kRza karanA hI par3atA hai, zarIra ko kaSTa denA hI par3atA hai| isa kaSTa se ghabarA jAne kA artha hai zarIra ke prati mohabhAva rakhanA, jabaki samAdhimaraNa zarIra ke prati nirmamatva hone kI prakriyA kA nAma hai| dAna, samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA meM vyakti ko apane mana ko zubhadhyAna aura zubhacintana meM lagAnA caahie| aise cintana ko jainadharma meM anuprekSA yA bhAvanA kahA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM bhAvanA mana kA vaha bhAvAtmaka pahalU hai jo sAdhaka ko usakI vastusthiti kA bodha karAtA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhAvanAoM ke mahattva ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA haizIla, tapa evaM bhAvanA ke bheda se dharma cAra prakAra ke haiN| pratyeka dharma kA apanA alaga-alaga mahattva hai, lekina jahA~ taka prabhAva kI bAta hai to ina caturvidha dharmoM meM bhAvanA hI mahAprabhAvazAlI hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI sukRtya haiM, dharma haiM, unameM kevala bhAvanA hI pradhAna hai| bhAvanAhIna dharma zUnya hai| vAstava meM bhAvanA hI paramArthasvarUpa hai| bhAva hI dharma kA sAdhaka kahA gayA hai aura tIrthaMkaroM ne bhI bhAva ko hI samyaktva kA mUla mantra batAyA hai / 106 koI vyakti kitanA hI dAna kare, cAhe samagra jina-pravacana ko kaNThastha kara le, ugra se ugra tapasyA kare, bhUmi para zayana kare, dIrghakAla taka munidharma kA pAlana kare, lekina yadi usake mAnasa meM bhAvanAoM kI udbhAvanA nahIM hotI hai, to usakI samasta kriyAe~ usI prakAra niSphala haiM jisa prakAra se dhAnya ke chilake kA bonA niSphala hai| 107 AcArya kundakunda ne bhAvapAhuDa meM kahA hai ki vyakti cAhe zramaNa ho athavA gRhastha, bhAva hI usake vikAsa meM kAraNabhUta hotA hai| bhAvarahita zravaNa evaM adhyayana kA kyA lAbha?108 jaina AcAryoM ne bhAvanAoM ko mokSa kA sopAna kahA hai| bahuta se jaina granthoM meM bhAvanAoM para carcA kI gaI hai jinameM se kucha granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM- uttarAdhyayana, bhAvapAhuDa, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, yogazAstra aadi| ina samasta granthoM meM bhAvanAoM yA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 147 anaprekSAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bhAvanAyeM nimna haiM.09 (1) anitya-bhAvanA, (2) azaraNa-bhAvanA, (3) saMsAra-bhAvanA, (4) ekatva-bhAvanA, (5) anyatva-bhAvanA, (6) aci -bhAvanA, (7) Asrava-bhAvanA, (8) saMvara-bhAvanA, (9) nirjarA-bhAvanA, (10) loka-bhAvanA, (11) dharma-bhAvanA, (12) bodhidurlabha-bhAvanA / ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kI vistRta carcA karane ke pUrva hameM bhAva aura bhAvanA ke aMtara ko samajha lenA hogaa| bhAva aura bhAvanA ye do zabda haiN| bhAva eka vicAra hai, mana kI taraMga hai| vaha jala ke bUMda kI taraha hai| jaba bhAva pravAha rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hai, taba vaha bhAvanA ke rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai| bhAvanA meM akhaNDa pravAha hotA hai, jisase mana meM saMskAra sthAyI ho jAte haiN| bhAva pUrva rUpa hai, to bhAvanA uttara rUpa hai| ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhAva bIjarUpa hai,jabaki bhAvanA usase vikasita vRkSA bhAvanA manuSya ke vicAroM ko pariSkRta karane kI praNAlI hai jo susthira saMskAra kA nirmANa karatI hai| samAdhimaraNa jaina sAdhanA kA eka pratirUpa hai jisake dvArA AtmA meM gahare par3e hue vikRta saMskAroM kA zodhana kara unheM pariSkRta kiyA jAtA hai, tAki manuSya apane mamatvabhAva ko alpa kara ske| anitya-bhAvanA ___ saMsAra ke sabhI padArthoM ko anitya evaM nAzavAna mAnanA anitya-bhAvanA hai| dhana, sampatti, adhikAra, vaibhava ye saba kSaNabhaMgura haiM, kAlakrama haiN| kAlakrama se saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| padArtha kA jo svarUpa prAta:kAla thA, vaha madhyAhnakAla meM nahIM rahatA aura jo madhyAhnakAla meM thA vaha aparAhnakAla meM nahIM rahatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke zabdoM meM samagra sAMsArika vaibhava, indriyA~, rUpa-yauvana, bala, Arogya- sabhI indradhanuSa ke samAna kSaNika haiM, saMyogajanya haiM isalie vyakti ko samagra sAMsArika upalabdhiyoM kI anityatA evaM saMyogajanyatA ko samajhakara unake prati Asakta nahIM rahanA caahie|110 uttarAdhyayana meM likhA hai ki vyakti kA yaha zarIra anitya hai, apavitra hai aura azuci se isakI utpatti huI hai| isameM jIva kA nivAsa bhI azAzvata hI hai / yaha zarIra duHkha evaM klezoM kA bhAjana hai, arthAt yaha zarIra svabhAva se hI anitya hai| isa zarIra kI apekSA se jIva bhI azAzvata, anitya hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika jitane bhI kleza haiM, ve sabhI isa zarIra ke Azraya se hI haiN|111 ata: vyakti ko isa zarIra ke prati honevAle mamatvabhAva kA tyAga karanA caahie| maraNavibhakti meM anitya bhAvanA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki deva, sura-asura, siddhi-Rddhi, mAtA-pitA, mitra-zatru, putra-patnI, bhavana-upavana, yAna-vAhana, bala-vIrya, rUpa-yauvana, deha Adi saba kucha anitya hai|112 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra vyakti kA zarIra phena ke bulabule ke samAna hai| jisa prakAra
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________________ 148 samAdhimaraNa phena ke bulabule naSTa hote haiM, usI prakAra yaha zarIra bhI avazya naSTa hogaa| 113 ata: vyakti isa zarIra ke naSTa hone para duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| use isa bAta kA jJAna honA cAhie ki jisa prakAra pakSI dina nikalane para vRkSa ko chor3akara apane-apane rAste kI tarapha cala par3ate haiM, usI prakAra prANI bhI apanI Ayu pUrNa hone para apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra anya yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiM / 144 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anitya - bhAvanA ke cintana se vyakti ke mana meM sAMsArika vastuoM, zarIra kI nazvaratA Adi kA jJAna hotA hai| isake dvArA vyakti sAMsArika vastuoM se apane rAga Adi kA niSedha karatA hai| rAga kA niSedha hone se usakI Asakti deha tathA sAMsArika vastuoM para se haTatI hai / ata: vaha bandhana se haTakara mukti-patha kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isa bhAvanA kA cintana karane se vyakti kA mana sAMsArika vastuoM se virata ho jAtA hai tathA usake mana meM kisI bhI vastu ke prati kisI prakAra kA rAga nahIM rahatA hai| jahA~ taka sAdhanA meM isa bhAvanA kI upayogitA kA prazna hai to isake cintana se vyakti kA mana sAMsArika viSaya-vastuoM se haTatA hai, phalataH vyakti apane lakSya kI prApti ke lie ekAgra citta hokara Age bar3hatA hai| azaraNa- bhAvanA "vikarAla mRtyu se bacAne meM koI samartha nahIM hai"- isa prakAra kI bhAvanA kA artha azaraNa-bhAvanA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra mRga ko siMha pakar3akara le jAtA hai usI prakAra anta samaya meM mRtyu bhI manuSya ko le jAtI hai| mAtApitA, bhAI-bahana yA koI bhI use mRtyu ke paMje se mukta nahIM karA sktaa| 115 maraNavibhatti ke anusAra janma- jarAmaraNa se koI nahIM baca sakatA hai| vividha prakAra ke mAMgalika kArya, mantra-tantra, putra, mitra, bandhu bAndhava jIva ko mRtyu se nahIM bacA sakate / 116 bhagavatIArAdhanA meM azaraNa-bhAvanA para prakAza DAlate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva (vyakti, mAnava ) apane karmabandha ke pariNAma ke kAraNa azaraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA karmoM ke kAraNa hI bandhana meM par3atI hai| jIva ke kaSAyarUpa pariNAmoM ke nimitta unake karmoM kI dIrgha sthiti hotI hai| prApta dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva unake sahakArI kAraNa hote haiN| jaba ve karma azubha phala dete haiM to usase vyakti ko koI nahIM bacA sakatA / 117 karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa janma, jarA, maraNa, roga, cintA, bhaya, vedanA, Adi duHkha utpanna hote haiM jo vyakti ko bhogane par3ate haiM / 118 isa avasthA meM vyakti kA koI bhI rakSaka yA zaraNAgata nahIM hotA hai / roga kA pratikAra to auSadhi Adi ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai, lekina karma kA pratikAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| karma ke udaya hone para mahAparAkramI, mahAbalazAlI vyakti bhI usake phala se kisI ko nahIM bacA sktaa| sabhI prakAra kI vidyA, mantra-tantra, rAjanIti
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa Adi isake sAmane niSphala ho jAte haiM / 119 AtmA para karmoM kA AvaraNa rahane ke kAraNa vyakti saMsAra ko apanA zaraNasthala samajhane lagatA hai| vaha nAnAprakAra ke duHkhoM ko bhogatA huA bhI isa saMsAra meM rahane kI kAmanA karatA rahatA hai| lekina vyakti ko aisA vicAra karanA cAhie ki asAtAvedanIya karmoM ke udaya hone para ina karmoM kA nAza samyagdarzana, samyak cAritra aura samyagtapa ke dvArA hI sambhava hai, ataH yahI mere lie rakSaka aura zaraNAgata hai / 120 149 azaraNa-bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa karane meM sahAyaka hai / isa bhAvanA kA cintana karane se vyakti ko yaha jJAna hotA hai ki vaha apane karmoM kA bhoktA svayaM hai| usake samasta bandhubAndhava Adi usake karmoM kA upabhoga nahIM kara sakate / isase vyakti apane kaSAyoM ko alpa karatA hai, kyoMki isakI sahAyatA se vaha sAMsArika vastuoM, rizte-nAte, dhanavaibhava Adi para se apane moha kA tyAga karatA hai aura apane rAga ko dUra karatA hai / sAdhanA meM isakI upayogitA yahI hai ki yaha bhAvanA vyakti ko samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana, samyakcAritra tathA samyagtapa ko zaraNabhUta mAnane kA sandeza detI hai aura isa prakAra vyakti muktipatha para agrasara hotA hai| saMsAra - bhAvanA saMsAra kI duHkhamayatA kA vicAra karanA saMsAra - bhAvanA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki janma duHkhamaya hai, roga aura maraNa duHkhamaya hai / yaha sampUrNa saMsAra duHkhamaya hai jisameM prANI ko kleza prApta ho rahA hai / 121 yaha loka mRtyu yA maraNa se pIr3ita hai, jarA se ghirA hai aura rAta-dinarUpI zastradhArA se truTita hai| 122 se maraNavibhakti ke anusAra yaha saMsAra duHkhamaya hai| yahIM jIva samasta prakAra ke bandhanoM se baMdhA rahatA hai aura duHkha ko bhogatA hai| jIva apane bandhu bAndhava, mitra-putra, dhanavaibhava, bhoga-vilAsa Adi ke sAdhanoM kA vinAza hone para, zarIra meM roga-vyAdhi hone para duHkhI hotA hai| isa saMsAra meM sarvatra duHkha kA sAmrAjya hai| isase vyakti kA bacanA kaThina hai| isa saMsAra meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ vyakti janma-maraNa Adi ke klezoM mukta ho|123 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra yaha saMsAra mahAsamudra ke samAna ananta aura athAha duHkhoM se bharA par3A hai| ise pAra karanA kaThina hai / kyoMki isa saMsAra - ra-samudra meM anantakAya pAtAla hai tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva parivartana rUpa jisameM bha~vara haiM, cAra gati rUpa mahAn dvIpa haiM jo ananta haiM / 124 isa saMsArarUpI samudra meM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahma, parigraharUpI magara Adi krUra jantu nivAsa karate haiM / jAti (navIna zarIra dhAraNa karanA), jarA (vartamAna zarIra ke teja, bala Adi meM kamI honA), maraNa (zarIra tyAga)
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________________ 150 samAdhimaraNa Adi isake bha~vara haiN|125 karma-rUpI bhANDa se bharA huA jIva-rUpI jahAja zubha-azubha pariNAmarUpI vAyu se saMsAra-rUpI mahAsAgara meM praveza karake cirakAla taka bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai arthAt jIva isa saMsAra meM vibhinna prakAra kI yoniyoM meM janma lekara bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai aura duHkhoM ko bhogatA rahatA hai|126 duHkha rUpI sAmrAjya se yukta isa saMsAra meM jIva anantakAla se bhramaNa karatA A rahA hai tathA anya samasta jIvoM ke sAtha mAtApitA, bahana-bhAI, putrI-putra, patnI-pati Adi sApekSa sambandhoM se pIr3ita hotA rahA hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki isa saMsAra meM aisA koI sambandha nahIM hai jo eka jIva ne dUsare anya jIvoM ke sAtha nahIM bhogA hai|127 saMsAra-bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa ke lie sahAyaka rUpa hai| isa bhAvanA ke cintana se vyakti saMsAra ke duHkhoM ko jAna letA hai| use yaha jJAna ho jAtA hai ki isa samaya jo kucha bhI usake pAsa hai vaha isa janma ke pUrva usakA apanA nahIM thA tathA agale janma meM bhI yaha saba usakA apanA nahIM raha jaaegaa| usake apane bandhu-bAndhava pichale janma meM usake apane nahIM the aura zAyada agale janma meM bhI usake nahIM hoNge| usakA yaha zarIra bhI apanA nahIM thaa| ata: ina sabake prati rAga yA prIti rakhanA ucita nahIM hai| vyakti ko jo bhI kaSTa hotA hai, usake bandhu-bAndhavoM ko jo pIr3A hotI hai usase use duHkhI nahIM honA caahie| saMsAra du:khoM kA sAmrAjya hai isa bhAvanA ke cintana se use hara prakAra ke duHkha kA pUrNa jJAna ho jAtA hai aura vaha kisI prakAra ke kaSToM se duHkhI nahIM hotA hai| isa jJAnodaya se vyakti rAga-dveSa se mukta ho jAtA hai| samAdhimaraNa ke lie rAga-dveSa se rahita honA anivArya hai| isa prakAra yaha bhAvanA rAga-dveSa ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hokara samAdhimaraNa meM bhI sahAyaka hotI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM isakI upayogitA yahI hai ki isake cintana ke dvArA vyakti saMsArajanita tRSNA ko tyAgakara asaMsArI bhAva ko prApta karatA hai yA usakI prAptatva kI ora agrasara hotA hai| vaha janma-maraNa se rahita hokara siddha pada ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai| asaMsArI bhAva se tAtparya hai- sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, moha se rahita, vidhnoM se rahita, samyak darzana se yukta AtmA (bhaav)| ekatva-bhAvanA ekatva-bhAvanA kA artha hai- prANI akele hI janma letA hai aura akele hI mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA upabhoga bhI vaha akele hI karatA hai| mRtyu ke Agamana para sampUrNa sAMsArika vaibhava tathA kuTumba kA parityAga karake vyakti akele hI yahA~ se prayANa kara jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra AtmA hI sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai, bhoktA hai aura yahI AtmA karmoM kA kSaya karanevAlI hai| zreSTha AcAra se yukta AtmA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 151 mitra tathA durAcAra se yukta AtmA zatru hai| durAcAra meM pravRtta AtmA apanA jitanA adhika aniSTa karatI hai utanA anartha usakA galA kATanevAlA zatru bhI nahIM karatA / aisA nirdayI saMyamahIna puruSa (AtmA) mRtyu ke mukha meM praviSTa hokara apane durAcAra ko jAnakara pazcAtApa karatA hai| 128 maraNavibhatti meM ekatva-bhAvanA para vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jIva akele hI karma karatA hai aura akele hI apane karmoM kA phala bhI bhogatA hai| jIva akele hI sadgati (mRtyu) ko prApta karatA hai| mRtyoparAnta vaha akele hI paraloka gamana karatA hai| usake sAtha usake svajana paraloka nahIM jaate| 129 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM ekatva-bhAvanA kA artha spaSTa karate hue likhA gayA hai ki mere AtmIyajana, dhana-vaibhava, zarIra Adi parigraha mere sAtha paraloka nahIM jaayeNge| ye kevala isI loka taka sAtha raheMge, kyoMki jIva akele hI paraloka jAtA hai|130 isa loka meM jo hamAre bandhu-bAndhava haiM ve paraloka meM hamAre bandhu-bAndhava nahIM haiM, isI prakAra dhana, zarIra, zayana AsanAdi samasta parigraha isI loka meM kAma Ate haiM, paraloka meM nahIM / kabhI-kabhI to ye parigraha isa loka meM hI vyakti kA sAtha chor3a dete haiN| ata: yaha AzA karanA vyartha hai ki ye samasta parigraha paraloka meM hamAre sAtha rheNge| 131 vyakti apane pitA-putra, mitra, patnI, bandhu-bAndhava ke prati jo karma karatA hai usakA phala vaha akele hI bhogatA hai, usake pitA-putra, bandhu-bAndhava nhiiN|132 __isa bhAvanA ke cintana se vyakti ko yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki vaha akele hI sabhI karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA hai| dhana-sampatti, AtmIyajana, jinake lie vaha pApakarma yA puNyakarma karatA hai ve sabhI usakA sAtha chor3a denevAle haiN| yaha zarIra bhI sAtha chor3anevAlA hai, ata: inake prati prIti nahIM rakhanI caahie| AtmA ko satkarmoM meM lagAkara rAga-dveSa se mukta rahanA caahie| isa prakAra yaha samAdhimaraNa karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM ekatva-bhAvanA atyanta upayogI siddha hotI hai| vyakti ke mana meM AtmavizvAsa jagAtI hai aura usakI parAGmukhatA ko samApta karatI hai| vyakti ke mana meM isa bhAvanA kA saMcAra karatI hai ki jina svajanoM ke lie vaha pApakarma kA saMcaya karatA A rahA hai, ve sabhI usake sahAyaka nahIM ho skte| isake atirikta yaha jJAna pradAna karatI hai ki vyakti kA apanA puruSArtha hI usakA ekamAtra sahAyaka hai| apanA hita aura ahita donoM usI ke hAtha meM hai| anyatva-bhAvanA jagata ke sampUrNa padArthoM se svayaM ko bhinna samajhanA aura isa bhinnatA kA puna:- .. punaH vicAra karanA hI anyatva-bhAvanA hai| maraNavibhatti ke anusAra AtmA se yaha zarIra / bhinna hai, hamAre bandhu-bAndhava, anya saMsAra ke samasta bhautika padArtha tathA rizte-nAte hamase
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________________ 152 samAdhimaraNa bhinna haiM tathA hama (AtmA) una padArthoM se bhinna haiN| 133 ajJAnavaza vyakti dUsaroM ke sukhaduHkha ko apanA samajhakara unase sukhI aura duHkhI hotA rahatA hai| dUsaroM ke duHkha ko dUra karane kA vaha nirantara prayAsa karatA hai| isa krama meM vaha apane svayaM ke du:kha ke nirAkaraNa ke upAya kA prArambha bhI nahIM kara paataa| use isa tathya kA jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai ki koI anya vyakti kisI dUsare vyakti ke kaSTa kA samAdhAna nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki pUrvajanma meM kie gae apane pratyeka karma kA phala pratyeka vyakti ko svayaM bhoganA par3atA hai| ataeva pratyeka jIvadhArI ko apane se bhinna samajhanA cAhie tathA usake du:kha kA kAraNa svayaM ko nahI samajhanA caahie|134 vyakti ko yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki koI kisI kA svajana nahIM hai aura koI kisI kA parajana nahIM hai| atIta kAla meM samasta ananta jIva samasta ananta prANiyoM ke svajana yA parajana the| bhaviSya kAla meM bhI sabhI prANiyoM ke sabhI jIva svajana evaM parajana hoNge| 135 AcArya kArtikeya kA mata hai ki mAtA-pitA, bandhu-bAndhava evaM putrAdi sabhI iSTa jana mere nahIM haiN| yaha AtmA unase sambandhita nahIM hai| ve sabhI karmavazAt saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahe haiM aura pathika kI bhA~ti milate evaM bichur3ate haiN|136 AcArya zivArya kA vicAra hai ki upakAra aura apakAra karane ke kAraNa hI koI kisI kA svajana yA parijana hotA hai| yathA- mAtA-pitA putra kA pAlana isa Azaya se karate haiM ki vRddhAvasthA meM putra unakA sahAyaka hogaa| putra mAtA-pitA kA Adara-satkAra isa vicAra se karatA hai ki inhIM ke kAraNa merA janma huA hai arthAt inhIM kI kRpA se merA isa loka meM Agamana huA hai| yadi kisI kAraNavaza ina sambandhoM meM paraspara koI tanAva yA vikAra utpanna ho jAtA hai to vahI mAtA-pitA-putra Adi eka-dUsare ko parajana samajhane lagate haiN| 537 ata: vyakti ko na to kisI se rAga karanA cAhie na dveSa hii| use yaha vicAra rakhanA cAhie ki sabhI prANI mujhase bhinna haiM aura maiM sabhI se bhinna huuN|138 / ___ yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM isalie sahAyaka hai, kyoMki isakA cintana karane se vyakti ko saMsAra ke anya sabhI jIvoM se apanI mitratA kA parijJAna hotA hai aura vaha yaha socatA hai ki use kisI jIva ke prati rAga-dveSa kA bhAva nahIM rakhanA caahie| isase vyakti ko kaSAyoM ke kuzIkaraNa meM bhI sahAyatA milatI hai| saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ko apane se itara samajhane ke kAraNa vyakti una jIvoM ke prati apane mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai| ata: isa bhAvanA se bhI rUpI kaSAya ko kRza karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM isa bhAvanA kI upayogitA isa rUpa meM hai ki yaha vyakti ko bAhya sambandhoM kI bhinnatA se avagata karAtI hai| vaha apane inase Adi bhAvoM se mukta ho jAtA hai, phalata: vyakti kA mana ekAgra ho jAtA hai| vaha apane sAdhanA-patha para Age .
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa bar3hatA hai aura mukti ko prApta karatA hai / azuci - bhAvanA azuci kA artha apavitra hotA hai| zarIra ke moha ko naSTa karane ke lie jaina. vicArakoM ne azuci-bhAvanA kA vidhAna kiyA hai| azuci - bhAvanA meM sAdhaka mukhya rUpa se yaha vicAra karatA hai ki jisa deha, rUpa, yauvana Adi kA hameM abhimAna hai, jisa para hama mamatva rakhate haiM vaha azuci kA bhaNDAra hai| AcArya zubhacandra zarIra kI azucitA para prakAza DAlate hue likhate haiM ki "yaha zarIra kRmiyoM se bharA huA, durgandhita, vIbhatsa rUpavAlA, mala-mUtra se pUrita, galana evaM glAni svabhAvavAlA, rudhira, mAMsa-majjA, asthi Adi aneka apavitra vastuoM se banA huA hai| asthiyoM para lipta mAMsa evaM tvacA se AcchAdita yaha zarIra sadA se apAvana hai / 139 uttarAdhyayana meM bhI zarIra kI azucitA evaM azAzvatatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 140 maraNavibhatti ke anusAra jIvoM kA zarIra apavitra vastuoM se milakara banA hai ataH isake prati mamatva kA bhAva rakhanA vyartha hai / isa grantha meM kahA gayA hai ki mAMsa aura asthiyoM se saMyukta, mUtra aura viSThA se paripUrita tathA nau chidroM se nintara apavitra padArthoM kA parizrAvaka (bahane) honevAle zarIra meM kyA sukha hai ? 141 153 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra artha, kAma aura manuSyoM kA zarIra azubha hai| sabhI sukhoM kA bhaNDAra dharma hI zubha hai, zeSa saba azubha hai| 142 artha se tAtparya dhana se hai| dhana sabhI prakAra ke bure pariNAmoM kA kAraNa hai| dhana vyakti ko ihaloka aura paraloka donoM hI sthAnoM meM doSoM se yukta kara detA hai| kahane kA artha yaha hai ki prAyaH vyakti dhana prApta kara bure karmoM meM lipta ho jAtA hai / isa kAraNa vaha isa loka meM to kaSTa pAtA hI hai, paraloka meM bhI use kaSTa uThAne par3ate haiN| bure karmoM ke saMcaya karane ke kAraNa vyakti bandhana meM par3A rahatA hai aura vibhinna prakAra ke duHkhoM aura yoniyoM ko prApta karatA hai / mRtyu Adi bhaya kA kAraNa dhana hI hai| isIlie dhana ko mahAbhaya kahA gayA hai| 143 mokSa prApti meM sabase bar3A bAdhaka dhana hI hai| dhana ke ghamaNDa (garva) ke kAraNa hI vyakti mokSa ke prati cintana bhI nahIM karanA cAhatA hai / 144 kAmabhoga apavitra hotA hai| yaha sva tathA para ke zarIra ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai| yaha alpa kAla ke lie hI utpanna hotA hai, lekina vyakti ko donoM hI lokoM meM du:kha pradAna karatA hai / 145 jIvoM kA yaha zarIra asthiyoM se banA aura carmoM ke AvaraNa se r3hakA hai| kaI taraha kI vikRtiyoM evaM durgandhoM se yukta yaha sabhI rogarUpI sarpoM kA ghara hai / ata: yaha zarIra azucita hai aura isake prati mamatva rakhanA vyartha hai / 146
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________________ samAdhimaraNa zarIra, dhana, vaibhava Adi kI azucitA kA bodha karAkara tathA ina para se mamatva kA tyAga karane kA sandeza dene ke kAraNa hI yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai, kyoMki ye sabhI tathya vyakti ke rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa banate haiN| ina para se jaba rAgadveSa haTa jAtA hai to vyakti kaSAyamukta ho jAtA hai / sAMsArika vastuoM evaM bhautika padArthoM kI azucitA ko jAnakara vyakti inakI tarapha se apane mana ko haTAtA hai aura mokSaprApti ko apanA lakSya samajhatA hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie vaha aura adhika ekAgra citta hokara apanI sAdhanA meM rata ho jAtA hai| 7. Asrava- bhAvanA bandhana ke kAraNoM para vicAra karanA Asrava-bhAvanA hai| maraNavibhatti ke anusAra IrSyA, dveSa, viSAda, krodha, mAna, lobha, Adi Asrava ke dvAra haiN| ina Asrava - dvAroM ke mAdhyama se karmoM kA Agamana hotA haiN| karmoM kA yaha Agamana jIvoM ke guNoM ke vinAza kA kAraNa banatA hai| jisa prakAra samudra yA nadI meM chidrayukta naukA jala bhara jAne ke kAraNa naSTa ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI karma - pudgaloM ke bhara jAne ke kAraNa vinAza ko prApta hotA hai / 147 yogazAstra meM kahA gayA hai ki karmabandha kA mUla kAraNa Asrava hai| Asrava kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika pravRtti, rAga-dveSa ke bhAva kaSAya, viSaya - bhoga, pramAda, avirati, mithyAtva aura Arta, raudradhyAna haiN| 148 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra arihaMta bhagavAn dvArA kahe gaye ananta dravya paryAyAtmaka padArthoM meM azraddhAn ke kAraNoM kA arthAt jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya tathA mohanIya karmoM ke adhIna rahakara mithyAtva kI utpatti meM sahAyaka honevAle kAraNoM kA vicAra karanA hI Asrava bhAvanA hai / 149 isa saMsAra ke samasta prANI sukha athavA duHkha kA anubhava karate haiN| aisA zubhayoga athavA azubhayoga Asrava ke kAraNa hotA hai| zubhayoga Asrava jahA~ puNyarUpa hai vahI azubhayoga Asrava pAparUpa hai15deg 1 yoga kA artha yahA~ una pravRttiyoM se hai jo mana meM zubha athavA azubha vicAra utpanna karate haiN| 154 IrSyA, viSAda, krodha, mAna, lobha Adi mana ko vikArayukta karanevAle kAraka hote haiM, para cintana karane tathA inheM duHkharUpa mAnane ke kAraNa vyakti inase bacanA cAhatA hai / inase bacane ke lie vaha apane mana ko kaSAyamukta karatA hai aura isa taraha se yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| 8. saMvara- bhAvanA jina-jina kAraNoM se Asrava kI utpatti hotI hai una una kAraNoM kA nirodha karanA hI saMvara hai / saMvara kA bAra-bAra cintana karanA saMvara-bhAvanA hai| maraNavibhakti meM spaSTarUpa se kahA gayA hai ki jIva ko karma - AsravoM kA nirodha karanA caahie| isake lie use mana,
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 155 vacana, kAya se indriyoM kA nirodha evaM kaSAyoM kA nAza karanA hotA hai| 151 AcArya hemacandra likhate haiM ki jo-jo Asrava jisa-jisa upAya se rokA jA sake, use rokane ke lie vivekavAna vyakti usa upAya ko kAma meM laae|152 saMvara kI prApti ke lie udyoga karanevAle vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha kSamA se krodha kA, namratA se mAna kA, saralatA se mAyA kA aura nispRhatA se lobha kA nivAraNa kre|53 akhaNDa saMyama, sAdhanA ke dvArA indriyoM kI svacchanda pravRtti se balavAna banAnevAle viSa ke samAna viSayoM kA tathA viSayoM kI kAmanA kA nirodha kre| tIna guptiyoM dvArA tIna yogoM ko, apramAda se pramAda ko aura sAvadha yoga ke tyAga se avratoM ko dUra kre| samyagdarzana ke dvArA mithyAtva ko tathA zubha bhAvanA meM citta ko sthira karake Arta, raudradhyAna ko parAsta kre|154 kisa Asrava kA kisa upAya se nirodha kiyA jA sakatA hai vyakti ko usakA cintana bAra-bAra apane mana meM karanA cAhie aura yahI cintana saMvara-bhAvanA hai| kaSAyoM ke utpanna karanevAle vikAroM kA pUrNatayA nirodha karane kA nirdeza dene ke kAraNa hI yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| 9. nirjarA bhAvanA Asrava ko saMvara kI sahAyatA se rokakara AgamoM meM kahe gae vibhinna prakAra ke tapoM kI sahAyatA se pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya karanA hI nirjarA hai| nirjarA ke bAre meM cintana karanA nirjarA-bhAvanA hai| Asrava saMvara mAtra se hI karmoM kA kSaya nahIM ho jAtA hai| parva ke karmoM ke kSaya ke lie tapa kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| kahA bhI gayA hai surakSita rakhA huA dhana taba taka kharca nahIM hotA hai, jaba taka ki usakA upayoga nahIM kiyA jaae| maraNavibhakti ke anusAra purAtana karmoM kA kSaya tapa kI sahAyatA se hI hotA hai|5555 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM nirjarA ke lie bAraha prakAra ke tapoM ke vidhAna kA varNana milatA hai|256 bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki pUrva ke karmoM kA krama se kSaya karanA hI nirjarA hai|157 __ saMvara ke dvArA navIna karmoM ke Agamana ko rokA jAtA hai tathA nirjarA ke dvArA pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra karmoM kA pUrNa kSaya hotA hai| karmoM ke pUrNa kSaya ho jAne se vyakti kaSAyamukta ho jAtA hai| vyakti ko kaSAyamukta karane meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| 10. loka-bhAvanA .. loka kI racanA, AkRti, svarUpa Adi para vicAra karanA loka-bhAvanA hai| loka 'kA artha hotA hai|58 dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, pudgala aura jiiv| ye dravya jahA~ pAe
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________________ 156 samAdhimaraNa jAte haiM usa sthAna vizeSa ko arthAt ina chaha dravyoM ke samuccaya ko loka kahate haiN| loka meM aisA koI sthAna nahIM hai jahA~ ye chaha dravya na hoN| SaDdravyoM meM se AkAza dravya sarvatra vyApta hai aura anya dravya sthAna vizeSa meM vyApta hai| AkAza ke jitane bhAga meM chaha dravya sthita haiM, utane AkAza-khaNDa ko loka kahate haiN| jisa AkAza-khaNDa meM SaDdravya na ho, sirpha AkAza hI ho, vaha aloka hai| yaha loka kisI kA banAyA huA nahIM hai balki anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| yaha loka tIna bhuvanoMvAlA, anta meM saba tarapha se atizaya begavAle aura atizaya baliSTha tIna bAtavalayoM se veSThita hai tathA tAr3a ke vRkSa ke AkAra jaisA hai arthAt nIce se caur3A bIca meM sarala (patalA) tathA anta meM vistArarUpa loka ke adho, madhya aura urdhva tIna bhAga haiN| nArakoM kA nivAsasthAna adholoka hai| yaha narakabhUmi ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| isakI saMkhyA sAta mAnI gaI hai|60 madhyaloka kI AkRti jhAlara ke samAna hai| isa loka meM asaMkhyAt dvIpasamudra hai| jambUdvIpa, dhAta kI khaMDa, karmabhUmiyA~ Adi isI loka meM avasthita hotI haiN|161 madhyaloka ke Upara Urdhvaloka hai jo AkAra meM pakhAvaja (mRdaGgavizeSa) ke samAna hai| siddhoM, devoM kA sthAna isI loka ko mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha loka svarga-naraka aura manuSyaloka meM ba~TA haA hai| isI loka meM nAnA prakAra ke prANI nAnA gatiyoM meM apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra janma lete aura marate rahate haiN|162 ata: loka kI yaha saMracanA anAdikAlIna svanirmita hai| karmavazAt jIva naraka yoni meM janma lekara duHkha bhogatA hai| karmabhUmi meM janma lekara tIrthaMkaroM kI taraha siddhapada ko prApta kara sakatA hai tathA devaloka meM janma lekara ananya sukha kA upabhoga kara sakatA hai| . loka-bhAvanA kA yaha cintana hameM yaha saMdeza detA hai ki anya dravyoM kI bhA~ti hamArI AtmA bhI isa loka kA eka dravya hai| hameM usakA yathArtha svarUpa jAnakara anya padArthoM se mamatA chor3a AtmabhAvanA kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| yaha AtmabhAvanA kI sAdhanA nirmamatva hone meM sahAyatA karatI hai| phalata: sAdhaka samAdhimaraNa ke patha para niraMtara pragati karatA jAtA hai| 11. dharma-bhAvanA dharma ke svarUpa aura usake AtmavikAsa kI zakti kA vicAra karanA dharma-bhAvanA hai| dharma ke vAstavika svarUpa kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| eka jainAcArya ne dharma ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki jisameM rAga aura dveSa na ho, svArtha aura mamatva kA abhAva ho vahI satya evaM kalyANakArI dharma hai| isa prakAra dharma ke vAstavaki svarUpa kA vicAra karanA aura usakA pAlana karanA hI dharma-bhAvanA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 157 saMsAra meM ekamAtra zaraNa dharma hI hai, isake atirikta anya koI rakSaka nahIM hai| jarA aura mRtyu ke pravAha meM DUbate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharmadvIpa hI uttamasthAna aura zaraNa rUpa hai|163 maraNavibhakti meM spaSTatayA kahA gayA hai ki dharma ke svarUpa aura usake guNoM kA vicAra karane se vyakti apane doSoM se mukta hotA hai| jaise- jaise vaha doSoM se rahita hotA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise vaha paramapada (mokSa) ke nikaTa hotA jAtA hai kyoMki doSoM se rahita hone para usakA mana viSaya-vAsanAoM se mukta hotA hai|164 AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra durgati meM girate hue jIvoM ko jo dhAraNa karatA hai, bacAtA hai, vaha dharma hai| saboM ke dvArA kathita saMyama Adi ke bheda se dasa prakAra ke dharma hI mokSa prApta karAte haiN| dharma unakA bandhu hai jinakA saMsAra meM koI bandhu nahIM hai, dharma unakA sakhA hai jinakA koI sakhA nahIM hai| dharma unakA nAtha hai jinakA koI nAtha nahIM hai| akhila jagata ke lie ekamAtra dharma hI rakSaka hai| 165 bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anusAra dharma meM zraddhA karane para, dharma ko sunane para, dharma ko jAnane para, dharma ko smaraNa karane para phala kI prApti hotI hai tathA dharma kA pAlana karane para mana ko zAnti milatI hai| dharma se manuSya pUjya hotA hai sabakA vizvAsapAtra hotA hai, sabakA priya hotA hai aura yazasvI hotA hai|166 isakI sahAyatA se vyakti apane klezoM tathA dUSita manovRttiyoM se mukta hone kA prayatna karatA hai| vyakti ke kaSAya alpa hote haiM, kyoMki kaSAyoM kI tIvratA inhIM ke kAraNa bar3hatI hai| klezoM tathA dUSita manovRttiyoM ko zuddha karane ke kAraNa hI yaha bhAvanA samAdhimaraNa meM sahAyaka hotI hai| bodhidurlabha-bhAvanA bodhidarlabha-bhAvanA ke dvArA yaha cintana kiyA jAtA hai ki jo bodha prApta huA hai usakA samyak AcAraNa karanA atyanta duSkara hai| isa darlabhabodha ko pAkara bhI samyaka AcaraNa ke dvArA AtmavikAsa athavA nirvANa ko prApta nahIM kiyA to puna: aisA bodha honA atyanta kaThina hai| jainazAstroM meM kahA gayA hai ki cAra vastuoM kI upalabdhi atyanta durlabha hai- "saMsAra meM prANI ko manuSyatva kI prApti, dharmazravaNa, zuddha-zraddhA aura saMyama mArga meM puruSArtha kii| atyanta kaThinAI se mAnava zarIra kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra nirvANa kI prApti kevala mAnava paryAya meM hI sambhava hai| sadbhAgya se mAnava jIvana prApta ho bhI jAe to satya dharma kA zravaNa honA atyanta kaThina hai| satya dharma kA zravaNa karane kA avasara mila bhI jAe, lekina aisI aneka AtmAyeM haiM jinheM dharma zravaNa ke pazcAt bhI usa para zraddhA nahIM hotI hai| zraddhA ho jAne para bhI usake anukUla AcaraNa karanA atyanta kaThina hai| isa prakAra satya dharma kI upalabdhi aura usa para AcaraNa karanA
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________________ 158 samAdhimaraNa atyanta durlabha hai| ata: sAdhaka ko unakI durlabhatA kA vicAra karate hue hamezA yaha prayAsa karanA cAhie ki bodhi prApti kA yaha jo svarNa avasara upalabdha huA hai vaha hAthoM se nikala nahIM jaae|167 maraNavibhakti ke anusAra jIva mAnava paryAya, acchA vaMza, sundara rUpa, bala, zraddhA, darzana, jJAna Adi prApta kara sakatA hai, lekina bodhi kI prApti atyanta durlabha hai|68 sUtrakRtAMga meM bodhi durlabhatA kA sandeza dete hue kahA gayA hai169- he manuSyoM! bodha ko prApta kro| bodha ko prApta kyoM nahIM karate ho? mRtyu ke bAda bodha prApta karanA atyanta kaThina hai, bItI huI rAtriyA~ puna: nahIM lauTatI haiM aura phira manuSya janma milanA bhI durlabha hai|'' isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki bAraha anuprekSAyeM vyakti ko sAMsArikatA se vimukha kara nivRttimUlaka sAdhanA-patha para Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| inakI sahAyatA se vyakti una samasta bhAvoM se mukta hone kA prayAsa karatA hai jo bandhana ke kAraNa mAne jAte haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa sAMsArika vastuoM evaM apane parivAra ke prati rAgabhAva athavA svayaM apane deha ke prati mamatva Adi rkhnaa| ina sabhI bhAvanAoM kA lakSya vyakti ko viSayavAsanAoM se mukta karAnA hai| agara hama ina bAraha anuprekSAoM meM se kisI bhI eka anuprekSA para alaga-alaga dhyAna kendrita kareM to yahI pAyeMge ki pratyeka anuprekSA vyakti ko bandhana ke kAraNoM se bacane ke lie sajaga karatI hai| yathA-anitya-bhAvanA jahA~ saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kI nazvaratA kA bodha karAtI hai vahIM anyatva-bhAvanA jagata ke sabhI vastuoM ko apane se bhinna yA para batAtI hai| isa bhAvanA ke anusAra saMsAra meM kucha bhI apanA nahIM hai sabhI parAye haiN| azuci-bhAvanA vyakti ke deha ko hI apavitra mAnakara usake prati rAga-bhAva tyAga karane para bala detI hai vahIM azaraNa-bhAvanA ke anusAra isa saMsAra ke samasta jIva asahAya haiN| saMsAra-bhAvanA saMsAra ke duHkhoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karatI hai aura use duHkhamaya batAtI hai| loka-bhAvanA loka kI racanA aura svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hae vyakti ko naraka yoni se mukti prApta karane kA sandeza detI hai| bodhidurlabha-bhAvanA "bodhi' durlabhatA kA ullekha karatI hai aura Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA Adi bhAvanA karmoM kA kSaya karake isa bodhi kI prApti kA upAya batalAtI hai| dharma-bhAvanA mana ke klezoM se mukta hokara zAnta citta rahane kA sandeza detI hai, jisase bodhi prApta karane meM sahajatA ho| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki pratyeka bhAvanA kA apanA alaga-alaga mahattva hai, unakA apanA alaga sandeza hai, jisase prabhAvita hokara vyakti apane tIvra kaSAyoM ko
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________________ 159 samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa alpa karane meM sakSama hotA hai| ye sabhI bhAvanAyeM vyakti ke mana meM zubha vicAroM kI jyoti jalAkara use sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hAne meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| vyakti mukhya rUpa se kaSAyoM ke vaza meM rahakara rAga-dveSa se mukta nahIM ho pAtA hai| lekina ina bhAvanAoM ke cintana se vaha kaSAyoM ko paidA karanevAle mUla kAraNa ko hI samApta kara detA hai| vaha apane mamatva kA nAza isa bhAvanA se karatA hai ki merA isa saMsAra meM koI nahIM hai, yaha saMsAra nAzavAna hai, maiM akelA hI apane karmoM kA kartA-bhoktA huuN| dhana, daulata, bala, zaurya Adi sabhI karmavazAt prApta hote haiM, Aja ye mere pAsa haiM kala kisI aura ke pAsa hoMge, yadi koI isake sAtha durvyavahAra kare to mujhe isa para kisI taraha kA krodha nahIM karanA cAhie aura na hI apane dhana-daulata kA ghamaNDa yA abhimAna karanA caahie| samAdhimaraNa prApta karane ke lie vyakti ko mukhya rUpa se kaSAyoM ko alpa karanA hotA hai tathA mana ko rAga-dveSa se pUrI taraha mukta rakhanA hotA hai, tIvra kaSAya ko alpa karane ke lie kaSAyarUpI coroM (mAna, mAyA, krodha aura lobha) kA nAza karanA hotA hai| rAga-dveSa se mukta hone ke lie apane zarIra, bandhu-bAndhavoM para se apane mamatva kA tyAga karanA hotA hai| vyakti ko apanA mana zubhadhyAna meM lagAnA hotA hai| sAdhaka ko mukhya rUpa se nimna prakAra kI sAdhanA karanI hotI hai 1. apane deha, apane kuTumbIjanoM para se apane mamatva kA tyAga karanA / 2. caturvidha kaSAyoM ko alpa karanA / anuprekSAyeM ina donoM meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| ata: samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| samAdhimaraNa ke aticAra samAdhimaraNa karane ke lie kaThina tapa evaM sAdhanA karanI par3atI hai| kabhI-kabhI sAdhanA dIrgha samaya taka karanI hotI hai| isa kAla meM vyakti ke mana meM taraha-taraha ke vicAra uTha sakate haiN| usake mana meM kabhI acche vicAra to kabhI bure vicAra uThate haiN| lekina samAdhimaraNa karanevAloM ko mana meM uThanevAle vicAroM para niyantraNa rakhanA cAhie, kyoMki mana meM uThanevAle manobhAvoM ke kAraNa samAdhimaraNa khaNDita bhI ho sakatA hai| jina manobhAvoM ke kAraNa samAdhimaraNa khaNDita hotA hai, unheM aticAra kahA jAtA hai| jaina granthoM meM ina aticAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| aticAroM kI saMkhyA pAMca hai| - uvAsagadasAo ke anusAra aticAroM kI saMkhyA pAMca hai170 (1) ihaloka
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________________ 160 samAdhimaraNa AzaMsA-prayoga, (2) paraloka-AzaMsA-prayoga, (3) jIvita-AzaMsA-prayoga, (4) maraNa-AzaMsA-prayoga tathA (5) kaambhog-aashNsaa-pryog| (1) ihaloka-AzaMsA-prayoga-aihika bhogoM yA bhautika sukhoM kI kAmanA karanA jaise- maiM marakara rAjA, samRddhizAlI, zaktizAlI tathA sukhasampanna bneN| (2) paraloka-AzaMsA-prayoga- svarga, paraloka Adi meM prApta honevAle sukhoM kI kAmanA krnaa| jaise- mRtyu ke uparAnta svarga milane kI kAmanA karanA aura svarga meM milanevAle sabhI sukhoM ke upabhoga kI kAmanA krnaa| (3) jIvita-AzaMsA-prayoga - yaza, kIrti, sevA, suzruSA ke lie upalabdha sahayogI ke lobha tathA isI taraha ke anya kAraNoM ke vazIbhUta hokara adhika samaya taka jIne kI lAlasA rkhnaa| (4) maraNa-AzaMsA-prayoga- kaThinavrata se honevAle kaSToM se ghabarAkara, anazana ke kAraNa utpanna bhUkha, pyAsa tathA anya kisI taraha kI zArIrika pratikUlatAoM ko kaSTa samajhakara zIghra maraNa kI kAmanA krnaa| (5) kAma-bhoga-AzaMsA-prayoga- aihika tathA pAralaukika zabda, rUpa, rasa, gandha tathA sparzamUlaka indriya sukhoM ko bhogane kI kAmanA krnaa| tattvArthasUtra meM samAdhimaraNa ke pA~ca aticAroM kA ullekha milatA hai171(i) jIvitAzaMsA, (ii) maraNAzaMsA, (iii) mitrAnurAga, (iv) sukhAnubandha aura (v) nidaankrnn| (i) jIvitAzaMsA- Adara, satkAra, pUjA-pATha ityAdi ko dekhakara adhika jIne kI kAmanA krnaa| (i) maraNAzaMsA- tapa ke daurAna sevA, satkAra karanevAle ko apane pAsa nahIM Ate dekhakara, udvega ke kAraNa mRtyu kI kAmanA krnaa| (iii) mitrAnurAga- mitroM, mitratalya vyaktiyoM aura putroM para sneha kA bandhana dRr3ha hone se unase bichur3ane kI kalpanA se kaSTa kA anubhava krnaa| (iv) sukhAnubandha- anubhUta sukhoM kA smaraNa karake unake puna: upabhoga kI icchA krnaa| (v) nidAnakaraNa- tapa va tyAga ke phalasvarUpa kisI taraha kI sAMsArika sukha
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 161 suvidhA prApta karane kI AkAMkSA rkhnaa| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra meM bhI samAdhimaraNa ke ina pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana milatA hai| isake anusAra ye pA~ca aticAra isa prakAra haiM172 (i) jIvitAzaMsA, (ii) maraNAzaMsA, (iii) bhayAzaMsA, (iv) mitrAnurAgAzaMsA aura (v) nidAnAzaMsA / (i) jIvitAzaMsA-mana meM jIne kI AkAMkSA rkhnaa| samAdhimaraNa karanevAle ko mana meM isa taraha kI AkAMkSA nahIM rakhanI cAhie- maiM kucha samaya taka aura jIvita rahatA to acchA hotA hai| (ii) maraNAzaMsA- mRtyu kI aakaaNkssaa| samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA meM vyakti ko bhUkha, pyAsa, sardI, garmI Adi aneka kaSToM ko sahana karanA hotA hai| nirjana va sunasAna sthAna para sAdhanA karanI hotI hai| isase usake kaSToM meM abhivRddhi hotI hai| ina kaSToM ke kAraNa use apane mana meM isa taraha kA vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie ki maiM zIghra hI mara jAtA to acchA hotaa| (iii) bhayAnuzaMsA- bhaya sambandhI avadhAraNA / yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai(ka) ihaloka bhaya aura (kha) paraloka bhaya / (ka) ihaloka bhaya- aihika sukhoM kI kAmanA krnaa| samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke lie jo anazana vrata liyA hai, isa kAraNa mere zarIra ko bahata kaSTa hogA yA vyartha hI itanA kaSTa uThAnA hogA Adi ihaloka bhaya hai| kahane kA artha yaha hai ki sAMsArika sukhoM kI kAmanA nahIM karanI caahie| yathAsambhava isase bacane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| (kha) paraloka bhaya-pAralaukika sukhoM kI kAmanA krnaa| samAdhimaraNa karanevAloM ko isa taraha kI bhAvanA se dUra rahanA cAhie "hamane itanI kaThora sAdhanA kA vrata to le liyA hai, kyA patA paraloka meM mujhe isakA milegA ki nahIM? agara milegA bhI to kisa taraha kA?" ___ (iv) mitrasmRti aticAra- bAlyAvasthA meM yA abhI taka jina-jina mitroM ke sAtha rahA unako yAda karanA mitrasmRti nAmaka aticAra hai| kSapaka ko mitrasmRti aticAra se bacanA caahie| (v) nidAna aticAra- AgAmI bhoga-upabhoga Adi kI AkAMkSA karanA nidAna aticAra hai| kSapaka ko isa taraha kI AkAMkSAoM kA tyAga karanA caahie| puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM samAdhimaraNa ke ina pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana isa prakAra
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________________ 162 samAdhimaraNa kiyA gayA hai|173 (i) jIvitAzaMsA- asAra deha kI sthiti meM Ada cAna hokara jIne kI icchA krnaa| (ii) maraNAzaMsA-zArIrika kaSTa ke bhaya se zIghra maraNa kI kaamnaa| (iii) sahRdayAnurAga-pUrva ke mitroM ke sAtha huI AnandadAyinI krIr3AoM ko smaraNa karanA aura use bhogane kI AkAMkSA rkhnaa| - (iv) sukhAnubandha-pUrva meM kie gae bhogopabhoga evaM strI saMsarga sukhAdi kI kalpanA krnaa| (v) nidAna- bhaviSya kAla ke lie bhogoM ke vAMchita rUpa kI kAmanA krnaa| dharmAmRta (sAgAra) ke anusAra samAdhimaraNa karanevAle vyakti ko sadaiva ina pA~ca aticAroM se bacanA caahie| isake anusAra ye aticAra haiN|74 (i) jIne kI icchA- apanA vizeSa Adara-satkAra tathA bahuta se logoM dvArA apanI sevA-satkAra karate dekhakara, logoM se apanI prazaMsA sunakara aisA mAnanA ki cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara dene para bhI merA jIvita rahanA hI acchA hai| (ii) marane kI icchA- roga Adi kI pIr3A se tathA isI prakAra ke anya zArIrika kaSToM se bacane ke lie zIghra mRtyu kI kAmanA karanA athavA AhAra tyAga karane para koI merA Adara nahIM karatA, sevA aura prazaMsA nahIM karatA, isa taraha kI bhAvanAoM ke vazIbhUta hokara zIghra marane kI kAmanA krnaa| (iii) mitrAnurAga - bAlyAvasthA meM sAtha-sAtha khelane, duHkhoM meM duHkhI, sukhoM meM sukhI honevAle mitroM ke anurAga ko samaraNa krnaa| (iv) sukhAnubandha - maiMne apane jIvana meM kaI taraha ke upabhogoM kA bhoga kiyA hai, maiM isa prakAra sotA thA, isa prakAra krIr3A karatA thA ityAdi anubhUta bhogoM ko smaraNa krnaa| (iv) nidAna - isa samaya meM maiM jo kaThina tapa kara rahA hU~ AgAmI janma meM isake kAraNa mujhe acchA kula milegA, maiM cakravartI rAjA banU~gA Adi icchAoM kI kAmanA krnaa| uparyukta granthoM ke AdhAra para yahI niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa
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________________ 163 samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa ke mukhyarUpa se pA~ca aticAra haiN| samAdhimaraNa kI prApti ke lie vyakti ko ina aticAroM se mukta rahanA Avazyaka hai| saMdarbha: is mi bhagavatIsUtra, (ghAsIlAla jI ma0), pR0-438-442. vahI tae NaM se moggarapANI jakkhe sudaMsaNaM samaNovAsayaM adUrasamaMteNaM vIIvayamANaM vIIvayamANaM pAsai, pAsittA Asurutte ruDhe kuvie caMDikkie misimisemANe taM palasahassaNipphaNNaM aomayaM moggaraM ullAlemANe-ullAlemANe jeNeva sudaMsaNe samaNovAsae teNeva pahArettha gmnnaae| tae NaM sudaMsaNe samaNovAsae moggarapANiM jakkhaM ejjamANaM pAsaI, pAsittA abhIe atatthe aNuvvigge akkhubhiya acalie asaMbhaMte vatthaMteNaM bhUmiM pamajjai, pamajjittA karayalapariggahiyaM dasahaNaM sirasAvattaM matthae aMjaliM kaTTa evaM vayAsI-antakRddazA, (madhukara muni) tRtIya adhyayana, SaSTha varga, pR0-121 namotthu NaM arahaMtANaM jAva sNpttaannN| namotthu NaM samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa Aigarassa titthayarassa jAva sNpaaviukaamss| puvvi pi NaM mae samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie thUlae pANAivAe paccakkhAe jAvajjIvAe, thUlAe, musAvAe, thUlAe adiNNAdANe sadArasaMtose kae jAvajjIvAe, icchAparimANe kae jaavjjiivaae| taM idANiM piNa tasseva aMtiyaM savvaM pANAivAyaM paccakkhAmi jAvajjIvAe, musAvAyaM adattAdANaM mehuNaM pariggahaM paccakkhAmi jAvajjIvAe, savvaM kohaM jAva (mANaM, mAyaM, lohaM, pejjaM dosaM kalahaM abbhakkhANaM pesuNNaM paraparivAyaM arairaI mAyAmosa~) micchAdaMsaNasallaM paccakkhAmi jAvajjIvAe, jaiNaM etto uvasaggAo muccissAmi to me kappai pArittae / aha NaM etto uvasaggAo na muccissAmi 'to me tahA' paccakkhAe ceva tti kaTTa sAgAraM paDimaM pddivjji| antakRddazA, tRtIya adhyayana, SaSTha varga, pR0 121-122. AcArAMga, zIlAMka TIkA, patrAMka 284 AcArAMgasUtra (madhukaramuni), pR0 279,byAvara maraNAnte'vazyamahaM vidhinA sallekhanA krissyaami| iti bhAvanApariNato'nAgatamapi pAlayedidaM shiilm||purussaarthsiddhyupaay, 176 zrImad jayacanda Azrama, agAsa, 1996 kAlena vopasargeNa nizcityAyuH kssyonmukhm| kRtvA yathAvidhi prAyaM, tAstA: saphalayet kriyaaH|| dharmAmRta (sAgAra), 8/9, dehAdivaikRtaiH samyaG nimittaistu sunishcite| mRtyuvArAdhAnAmagna mate durra na tatpadam / vahI, 8/10.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa 13. 14. 15. 16. 18. jaravagghiNI Na caMpaI jAva Na viyalAi hu~ti akkhAI buddhI jAva Na NAsai AujalaM jAva Na parigalaI / ArAdhanAsAra, 25 zrAvakAcAra saMgraha (bhAga-2), 8/9,10 anu0 paM0 hIrAlAla siddhAntAlaMkAra, zrI jIvarAja jaina granthamAlA, zolApura samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, 19-21 / jarA rogendriyahAnibhirAvazyaka parikSayo / / jai0 si0 ko0, bhAga 4, pR0-386. zrI AcArAMgasUtram, anu0-saubhAgyamala jI, pR0-566. AyAro, AcArya tulasI, pR0-293. tattvArthasUtra, anu0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pR0-183. Sallekhana is not suicide, p.-6. jai0 bau0 gI0 A0 da0 tu0 a0, (bhAga-2), pR0-436. kosalaya dhammasIho arse sAdhedi giddhpuddhenn| Nayarammi ya kollagire caMdasiriM vippjhiduunn|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2067. pADaliputte dhUdAhedUM mAmayakadammi uvsgge|| sAdhedi usabhaseNo aTuM vikkhANasaM kiccaa|| vahI, 2069. ahimAraeNa Nivadimmi mAride gahidasamaNaliMgeNa / uTThAhapasamaNatthaM satthaggahaNaM akAsi gaNI / / vahI, 2069 / sagaDAlaeNa vi taghA sattaggahaNeNa sAdhido attho| vararuipaogahe, ruDhe NaMde mahApaume // vahI, 2070 tasthau tarostale yasya jvalito vahninA tataH nipetavadbhirAlAtaiH pratyaMgaM sa kadarthita: / / ArAdhanAsAra, pR0-89. zukacareNa vyaMtaradevena tena pUrvavairamanusmRtya zItalavAriNA siktaH tathA zItalavAtena kadarthita: sahajazuddhaM paramAtmAnamArAdhya kevalAkhyaM ca jyotirutpAdya nirvANaM prAptavAn zrIdatto muniH| ArAdhanAsAra, pR0-109. itazca pAMsulazreSThI ciraMtananijAMganAsaktijanitaM vairamanusmRtya tIvratarakrodhAvezAttaM munIdeM gajakumAraM lohakIlakaiH kIlayitvA bahutarA~ pIDAM cApAdya prplaayygtH| munIndropi tathA vidhAM bAdhAM soDhUvA dharmadhyAnena svrgt:|| vahI, pR0 108. antakRddazA, aSTam adhyayana, tRtIya varga, pR0-78-80. tesiM soccA sapujjANaM saMjayANa vusiimo|| na saMtasanti maraNante sIlavantA bahussuyA / uttarAdhyayana, 5/29. Nimammo NirahaMkAro NikkasAo jidiMdio dhiiro| aNidANo diThisaMpaNNo marato ArAhao hoi / / mUlAcAra (pUrvArddha). 103 NikkasAyassa daMtassa sUrassa vavasAiNo / 20. 23. 24. 25.
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________________ 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 165 paccakkhANaM suhaM have // mUlAcAra, pUrvArddha, 104. saMsArabhayabhIdassa edaM paccakkhANaM jo kAhadi maraNadesayAlammi / dhIro amUDhasaNNo so gacchai uttamaM ThANaM | vahI, 105. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, gAthA 208, 264. eyaM sarAgasaMlehaNAvihiM jai jai jaI samAyarai / so pAvai kevalaM suddhiM // ajjhappasaMjuyamaI 18, 199, 176. uvAsagadasAo- prathama adhyayana se dasa adhyayana ke AdhAra para / taNaM se kAmadeve samaNovAsae taM ujjalaM, jAva (viulaM kakkasaM, pagADhaM, caMDa, dukkhaM) durahiyAsaM veyaNaM sammaM sahai, jAva (khamai, titikkhai) ahiyAsei || uvAsagadasAo, (madhukara muni), byAvara, 2/100. tara NaM deve hatthi-rUve kAmadeva sasaNovAsayaM abhIyaM jAva viharamANaM pAsai pAsitA Asura uvAsagadasAo, 2/105. ........1 . tikkhAhiM visaparigayAhiM dADhAhiM uraMsi ceva nikuTTe / maraNavibhatti, 187 vahI, 2/109, 2/110 taNaM se deve culaNIpiyaM samaNovAsayaM abhIyaM jAva pAsittA Asuratte culaNIpiyassa samaNovAsagrassa jeTTha puttaM gihAo nINei, nINettA, aggao dhAei, dhAettA tao maMsasollae kareI, karettA AdANabhariyaMsi kaDAhayaMsi addahei, addahettA culaNIpiyassa samaNovAsayassa gAyaM maMseNa ya soNieNa ya AyaMcai / vahI, 3/130, 3 / 132 uvAsagadasAo, 3/133 / 136, 137, 138, 145, 146, 149. vahI, 4 / 152 tae NaM se deve surAdevaM samaNovAsayaM cautthaM pi evaM vayAsI haM bho / surAdevA samaNovAsayA / apitthayapatthiya 4 / jAva na pariccayasi to te ajja sarIraMsi jamaga- samagameva solasa - rogAyaM ke pakkhivAmi, taM jahA- sAse, kAse jAva (jare, dAhe, kucchisUle, bhagaMdare, arisae, ajIrae, diTThisUle, muddhasUle, akArie, acchiveyaNA, kaNNaveyaNA, kaMDue, udare), koDhe jahA NaM tumaM aTTaduhaTTa jAva (vasaTTe akAle ceva jIviyAo) vavarovijjasi / uvAsagadasAo, 4 / 152. vahI, 4/155. vahI, 4/154, 156. uvAsagadasAo, 5/158. jAna bhaMjesi to te ajja jAo imAo cha hiraNNa- koDio nihANapauttAo, cha vuDr3hi - pauttAo, cha pavitthara - pauttAo, tAo sAo gihAo nINemi, nINettA AlabhiyA nayarIe siMghADaya jAva ( tiya- caukka - caccara - caummuha- mahApaha) pahesu savvao samaMtA vippairAmi, jahA NaM tumaM aTTa-duhaTTa-vasaTTe akAle ceva jIviyAo
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________________ 166 41. 42. ___ 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. samAdhimaraNa vavarovijjasi // vahI, 5/160. vahI, 5/164. upAsagadasAo, 8/252, 253. vahI, 8/254. tae NaM se mahAsayae samaNovAsae revaIe gAhAvaiNIya doccaMpi, taccaMpi evaM vutte samANe Asuratte 4 ohiM pauMjai, pauMjittA ohiNA Abhoei, AbhoittA revai~ gAhAvaiNiM evaM vayAsI-haM bho revaI / apatthiya-patthiya4 evaM khalu tumaM aMto sattarattassa alasaeNaM vAhiNA abhibhUyA samANI aTTha-duhaTTa-vasaTTA asamAhipattA kAlamA-se kAlaM kiccA ahe imIse rayaNappabhAe puDhavIe loluyaccue narae caurAsIi- vAsasahassaTThiiesu neraiesu neraiyattAe uvajjihisi / / vahI,8/255. uvAsagadasAo, 8/264, 8/265-268. AcArAMgasUtra (madhukara muni) aSTama adhyayana, SaSTha uddezyaka, sUtra 224. jassa NaM bhikkhussa evaM bhavati se gilAmi ca khalu ahaM imaMsi samae imaM sarIragaM aNupuvveNa parivahittae' se ANupuvveNa AhAraM saMvaTTejjA, ANapavveNa AhAraM saMvadrttA kasAe pataNue kiccA, samAhiyacce ..... / AcArAMgasUtra, (madhukara muni) 8/6/224. vahI, pR0 294. 49. vahI, pR0 294. kasAe payaNue kiccA appAhAro titikkhae / aha bhikkhU gilAejjA AhArasseva aMtiyaM / / vahI, 8/8/231. jIviyaM NAbhikaMkhejjA maraNaM No vi patthae / duhato vi Na sajjejjA jIvite maraNe tahA ||vhii, 8/8/232. majjhattho NijjarApehI smaahimnnupaale| aMto bahiM viyosajja ajjhatthaM suddhamesae / vahI, 8/8/233 jaM kiMcuvakkama jANe Aukhemassa appnno| tasseva aMtaraddhAe khippaM sikkhejja paMDite / / vahI, 8/8/234. gAme aduvA raNNe thaMDilaM paDilehiyA / appapANaM tu viNNAya taNAI saMthare muNI / / vahI, 8/8/235. aNAhAro tuvaTTejjA puTTho tattha hiyAsae / NAtivelaM uvacare mANussehiM vi puTThavaM / / vahI, 8/8/236. saMsappagA ya je pANA je ya uDDhamahecarA / bhuMjate maMsasoNiyaM Na chaNe Na pamajjae / vahI, 8/8/237. pANA dehaM vihiMsaMti ThANAto Na vi ubbhame / AsavehiM vivittehiM tippamANo'dhiyAsae / vahI, 8/8/238. 48. 50. 52. 53. 54. 56. 57.
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________________ 2 . 64. samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa gaMthehiM vivittehiM AyukAlassa pArae / paggahitataragaM cetaM daviyassa viyANato / / vahI, 8/8/239. agAri-sAmAiyaMgAi~ saDDI kAeNa phAsae / posahaM duhao pakkhaM egarAyaM na hAvae / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 5/23. 60. tANi ThANANi gacchanti sikkhittA saMjamaM tavaM / bhikkhAe vA gihatthe vA je santi parinivvuDA / / vahI, 5/28. 61. tao kAle abhippee saDDI tAlisamantie / viNaejja loma-harisaM bheyaM dehassa kaMkhae / / vahI 5/31. __bAraseva u vAsAiM saMlehukkosiyA bhave / saMvaccharaM majjhimiyA chammAsA ya jahanniyA / vahI, 36/251. paDhame vAsacaukkammi vigaInijjUhaNaM kare / biie vAsacaukkammi vicittaM tu tavaM care / / vahI, 36/252 egantaramAyAma kaTTa saMvacchare duve / tao saMvaraccharaddhaM tu nAivigiTuM tavaM care / / vahI 36/253 tao saMvaccharaddhaM tu vigiTuM tu tavaM care / parimiyaM ceva AyAmaM taMmi saMvacchare kare / / vahI, 36/254. 66. koDisahiyamAyAmaM kaTTha saMvacchare munnii| mAsaddhamAsieNaM tu AhAreNa tavaM care / / vahI, 36/255. 67. saMlehaNA ya duvihA abhiMtariyA 1 ya bAhirA 2 ceva / abbhiMtariya kasAe 1 bAhiriyA hoi ya sarIre 2 / / maraNavibhatti 176. ullINollINehi ya ahava na egaMtavaddhamANehiM / saMliha sarIrameyaM AhAravihiM payaNuyaMto / / vahI, 178. chaTTha'TThama-dasama-duvAlasehiM bhattehiM citta-kiThehiM / miya-lahukaM AhAraM karehi AyaMbilaM vihiNA / / vahI, 183. kohaM khamAi, mANaM maddavayA, ajjaveNa mAyaM ca / saMtoseNa ya lobhaM nijjiNa cattAri vi kasAe / vahI, 189 ko dukkhaM pAvejjA? kassa ya sukkhehiM vimhao hojjA ? ko va na labhejja mukkhaM ? rAga-ddosA jai na hojjA / / vahI, 197. 72. chammAsiyA jahannA, ukkosA bAraseva vArisAI / AyaMbila~ mahesI tattha ya ukkosayaM biMti // vahI, 182. 73. vahI, gAthA 210, 240, 241, 242, 243. .. 74. jA kAi patthaNAo kayA mae rAga-dosavasaegAM / paDibaMdheNa bahuvihA, taM niMde taM ca garihAmi // vahI, 255 69. 70. 71.
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________________ 168 75. 76. 77. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. samAdhimaraNa jai tAva te supurisA AyaroviyabharA niravayakkhA / girikuhara - kuMdaragayA sAhaMti ya appaNo aTuM // navi kAraNaM taNamao saMthAro, na vi ya phAsuyA bhUmI / visuddho maraMtassa // bAhirambhi saMlehe / dANi viharAhi // appA khalu saMthAro hoI evaM kayasaMlehaM abbhitara saMsAramokkhabuddhI aniyANo 208 savve rase paNIde NijjUhittA du patlukkheNa / aNNadareNuvadhANeNa sallihai ya appayaM kamaso // addhANasaNaM savvANasaNaM duvihaM tu aNasaNaM bhaNiyaM / viharatasya ya addhANasaNaM idaraM ca carimaMte // aNupuvveNAhAraM saMvaTTato ya sallihai dehaM / divasuggAhieNa taveNa cAvi sallehaNaM kuNai // taM vatyuM mattavvaM jaM paDi uppajjade kasAyaggi / taM vatthumalliejjo jatthovasamo kasAyANaM / // NaccA saMvaTTijjaMtamAugaM sigdyameva to bhikkhU / arahaMtasiddhasAhaNa aMmi sigdyamAloce // ukkassaeNa bhattapaiNNAkAlo jiNehiM NiddiTTho / kAlammi saMpatte bArasavarisANi puNNANi || jogehiM vicittehiM du khavei saMvaccharANi cattAri / vithaDI NijjUhittA cattAri puNo vi sosedi // AyaMbilaNivviyaDIhiM doNi AyabileNa ekkaM ca / addha NAdivigaTThehiM ado addhaM vigaTThehiM // vahI, 270. vahI 287. savvaM AharavihiM saNNAo Asae kasAe ya / savvaM ceya mamattiM jahAmi savvaM khamAvemi / / mUlAcAra (pUrvAddha), 111. savvaM AharavihiM paccakkhAmi pANayaM vajja / uvahiM ca vosarAmi yaduvihaM tiviheNa sAvajjaM // vahI 113 Natthi bhayaM maraNasamaM jammaNasamayaM Na vijjade dukkhaM / jammaNamaraNAdaMkaM chiMdi mamattiM sarIrAdo || vahI, vahI, 119. paDhamaM savvadicAraM bidiyaM tivihaM bhave paDikkamaNaM / pANassa pariccayaNaM jAvajjIvAyamuttamaThThe ca // sallehaNA ca duvihA abbhaMtariyA ya bAhirA ceva / abbhaMtarA kasAyesu bAhirA hodi hu sarIre // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vahIM, 119. vahI, 209. vahI, vahI, 211. vahI, 249 vahI, 264. vahI, vahI, 2017. 207. 254 255. vahI, 256
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________________ 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 00 100. 101. 105. 108. 109. samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa bha0 A0, gAthA 65-69. kohaM khamAi, mANaM maddavayA, ajjaveNa mAyaM ca / saMtoseNa ya lobha, nijjiNa cattari vi kasAe / maraNavibhatti, 189 tapocAtra zubhaM dhyAnaM satkriyA va zubhA guNAH / etairvinA kva saMnyAsa-zuddhiH kathaM zubhA matita // samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, 47. juttassa uttamaTThe maliyakasAyassa nivviyArassa / bhaNa keriso u lAbho saMthAragayassa khamagassa || saMthAragapaiNNayaM 44, 45 tato muktavA'khilA''hAraM caturvidhamanukramAt / yAvajjIvaM karotyeSa zoSakAna- hAye // samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka 65. sadi buddhI jibbhAvasassa maMdA vi hodi tikkhA vi / jo Nisilesalaggo va hoI puriso aNappavaso || bhagavatI ArAdhanA 1639. sahyante'tra parAdhInatayA laGghanarAzibhiH / yathA duHkarmajA lokaiH kSutkleza-duHkha- koTayaH // samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, 84. tathA kinnAtra soDhavyopavAsAdi- tapo- bhavA / kvacitkSudvedanA vyAptA dakSaiH sarvArthasiddhidA / / vahI, 85. nityAna- bhakSakANAJca lampaTAnAM sadAzinAm / sarvAGgeSu zrayante'ho rugduH khakleza koTayaH // taM nANa- daMsaNANaM cAritta tavANa jiNapaNIyANaM / ArAhaNamiNamo ANA ArAhaNaM biMti // itthaM vicAra- pAnAdyaiH jJAna-dhyAna-sudhArasaiH / jaM kSapako 102. etebhyazcirakAlotthaM - tRGaduHkhebhyo nRpuGgava / saMnyAsastho'lpa- tRG-duHkha tapojaM ko'tramanyate // 103. bhagavatI - ArAdhAnA, gAthA 1640, 1642, 1643 / 104. dAridrya - grasito dInaH svodarArthaM bhraman mahIm / zilAdri - kaThinakSmAsu supto'haM nRbhaveSyavaham // samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka, yo rUk pUrvArjitA'ghAnAM vinAzaM kurute mama / svalpa- duHkhAdidAnaiH sa kathaM neSTo hitaGkaraH // vahI, 112. 106. prAkRta sUkti saroja, bhAvanAdhikAra, 3, 16. 107. sUkti saMgraha, 41. bhAvapAhuDa, 66. adbhuva asaraNa bhaNiyA saMsArAmegamaNNamasuittaM / Asava-saMvara-NAmA Nijjara lojANupehAo || aduvamasaraNamegattabhaNNasaMsAralopamasuIsa vahIM, 89. bhattaparinnA, 7. dhairyayogAdhairjayettRSA- parISaham // samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka 101. 169 106. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 1/2
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________________ 170 samAdhimaraNa 111. 112. AsavasaMvara Nijjara dhamma bodhi va citijja / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1710. 110. bhAvapAhuDa imaM sarIraM aNiccaM asuiM asuisaMbhavaM / asAsayAvAsamiNa dukkha-kesANa bhAyaNaM / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/13. savvaTThANAI asAsayAI iha ceva devaloge ya / sura-asura-narAINaM riddhivisesA suhAI vA / / maraNavibhatti 575, evaM gAthA 576, 577, 578. 113. logo vilIyadi imo pheNovva sadevamANusatirikkho / riddhio savvAo suviNayasaMdaMsaNasamAo / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 17/ 11. 114. prAtastakaM karityajye yathete yAnti patriNaH / svakarmavazagAH zAzvattayete kvApi dehinH|| bhAvanAyoga, 5. 115. jaheha sIho va * miyaM gahAya maccU naraM neI hu antakAle / na tassa mAyA va piyA va bhAyA kAlammi tammiM'saharA bhavaMti / / __ uttarAdhyayana, 13/22. 116. jamma-jara, bhae abhiDhue vivihavAhisaMtatte / / logammi natthi saraNaM virasAsaNaM mRtuM / / maraNavibhatti 579, evaM gAthA 581, 582, 583. Niruvakkamassa kammassa phale samuvaTThidaMmi dukkhaMmi / jAdijarAmaraNarujAciMtAbhayavedaNAdIe // bhagavatI ArAdhanA , 1729. 118. rogANaM paDigArA diTThA kammassa Natthi pddigaaro|| kammaM maledi hu jagaM hatthIva NiraMkuso matto / / vahI, 1736. 119. vijjAharA ya baladevavAsudevA ya cakkavaTTI vA / / deviMdA va Na saraNaM kassai kammodAra hoMti // vahI, 1738. evaM kArtikeyAnuprekSA, azaraNa bhAvanA, gAthA 23. 120. daMsaNaNANacarittaM tavo ya tANaM ca hoI saraNaM ca / jIvassa kammaNAsaNahe, kamme udiNNammi / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1741. 121. jammaM dukkhaM jarA du:kha rogA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro jattha kIsanti jantavo / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 19/16. maccuNA'bbhAhao logo jarA parivArio / amohA rayaNo vuttA evaM tAya ! viyANaha / / vahI, 14/23. . 123. so natthi ihogAso loe vAlaggakoDimitto vi / / janmaNa maraNA bAhA aNegaso jattha na ya pttaa| maraNavibhAkta, 595. 124. bahutivvadukkhasalilaM annNtkaayppvespaadaalN| caduparivaTTAvattaM cadugadibahupaTTamaNaMtaM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA , 1764. 122.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 171 171 125. hiMsAdidosamagarAdisAvadaM duvihjiivbhumcchN| jAijarAmaraNedayamaNeyajAdIsadummIyaM // vahI, 1765. 126. bhAvanAyoga, pR0 18. 127. sarvaiH sarve'pi sambandhAH saMprAptA dehadhAribhiH / anAdikAlasaMbhrAntaisrasasthAvarayoniSu // jJAnANarva, (saMsArabhAvanA), 11 128. na taM arI kaMThachettA karei jaM se kare appaNiyA durppaa| se nAhiI maccumuhaM tu patte pacchANutAveNa dayAvihUNo / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 20/48 appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiya-supeTThio / / vahI, 20/37. 129. ikko karei kamma, phalamavi tassekkao samaNuhavai / ikko jAyai maraiya, paraloyaM ikkao jAi / / maraNavibhatti 586. 130. NIyA atthA dehAdiyA ya saMgA Na kassa iha hoti / paralogaM aNNettA jadi vi daijjati te sutttth|| bhagavatI ArAdhanA , 1745. 131. ihalogabaMdhavA te NiyayA parassa hoti logassa / taha ceva dhaNaM deho saMgA sayaNAsagA dI / vahI, 1746. 132. bhAvanA yoga, pR0 25-26. 133. annaM imaM sarIraM anno haM, baMdhavA vime anne / evaM nAuNa khamaM, kusalassa na taM khamaM kAuM / / maraNavibhatti 590. 134. kihadA jIvo aNNo aNNaM soyadi hu dukkhiyaM NIyaM / Na ya bahudukkhapurakkaDamappANaM soyadi abuddhI // bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1749. 135. savvo vi jaNo sayaNo savvassa vi Asi tiidkaalmmi| ete ya tahAkAle hohidi sajaNo jaNassa jaNo // vahI, 1751 136. paMthe pahiya-jaNANaM jaha saMjoo havei khaNamittaM / / baMdhu jaNANaM ca tahA saMjoo addhuo hoi / / kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 1/8 137. mAyA posei suyaM AdhAro me bhavissadi imotti / posedi sudo mAdaM gabbhe dhariyo imAetti / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1755. houNa arI vi puNo mittaM uvakArakAraNA hoi / putto vi khaNeNa arI jAyadi avayArakaraNeNa // vahI, 1756. 138. tamhA Na koha kassai sayaNo va jaNo va atthi saMsAre / . kajjaM paDi huMti jage NIyA va arI va jIvANaM / / vahI, 1757 139. asRgmAMsavasAkIrNa zIrNa kokasapaJjaram / zirAnaddhaM ca durgandhaM kva zarIraM prazasyate // jJAnArNava, (azuci bhAvanA)2 140. uttarAdhyayanasUtra 19/13
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________________ samAdhimaraNa maMsa - 'TThiyasaMghAe mutta purIsabharie navacchaDDe / asuiM parissarvate, suhaM zarIrammi kiM atthi / maraNavibhatti, 609. 142. asuhA atthA kAmA ya huMti deho ya savvamaNuyANaM / eo ceva subho Navari savvasokkhAyaro dhammo // bhagavatI ArAdhanA. 1807. 143. savvadukkhasaMnilayaM appasuho bahudukkho mahabhao / praznavyAkaraNasUtra AsravadvAra 172 141. 144. ihalogiya paralogiyadose purisassa Avahai NiccaM / attho aNatthamUlaM mahAbhayaM muttipaDipaMtho / bhagavatI ArAdhanA. 1808. 145. kuNimakuDibhavA lahugattakArayA appakAliyA kAmA / uvadho loe dukkhAvahA ya Na ya huMti te sulahA / / vahI, 1809. evaM yogazAstra, dvitIyaprakAza, 77. 146. ajinapaTalagUDhaM paJjaraM kIkasAnAM kuthitakuNapagandhaiH pUratiM mUDha gApaDha / yamavadananiSaNNaM rogabhogIndragehaM kathamiha manujAnAM prItaye syAccharIram || 147. IsA visAya-maya- koha-loha-dosehiM evamAIhiM / jJAnArNava (azucibhAvanA), 13 devAvi samabhibhUyA tesu vi ya kao suhaM atthi ? maraNavibhatti, 611. kaSAyA viSayA yogAH pramAdAviratI tathA / 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. yogazAstra, 4/81 kSamA krodhasya mAnasya mArdavaM tvArjavaM punaH / mAyAyAH saGgasanyAso lAbhasyaite dviSaH kramAt / / jJAnArNava (saMvara bhAvanA ), 6 154. guttI joga - Niroho samidI ya pamAda - vajjaNaM ceva / dhammo dayA - pahANo sutatta- ciMtA aNuppehA // kArttikeyANuprekSA, 97 evaM yogazAstra, 4/85. dhaNNA na karaMti navaM saMjamajogehiM kammaTThavihaM / 1.55. mithyAtvamArttaraudre cetyazubhaM prati hetava: / / yogazAstra. 4/78. micchataM avibharaNaM kasAya jogA ya AsavA hoti / 156. arahaMta vRttaatthesu vimoho hoi micchataM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA. 1819. kammAsavadAI niraMbhiyavvAiM iMdiyAI ca / haMtavvA ya kasAyA tivihaM tiviheNa mokkhatthaM / maraNavibhatti, 620. maraNavibhatti, 620, 621. yena yena hyu pAyena, sadhyate yo ya AzravaH / tasya tasya nirodhAya sa sa yojyo manISibhiH || tavasalileNaM muNiNo dhoyaMti purANayaM kammaM / maraNavibhatti, 628. bArasa - viheNa tavasA NiyANa- rahiyassa NijjarA hodi / veragga- bhAvaNAdo nirahaMkArassa gANissa // kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 102.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa kA vyavahAra pakSa 173 157. tavasA viNA Na mokkho saMvaramitteNa hoI kammassa / uvabhogAdIhiM viNA dhaNaM Na hu khIyadi suguttaM / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1840. 158. dhammo ahammo AgAsaM kAlo puggala-jantavo / esa logo ti patratto jiNehiM varadaMsiMhiM / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/7 1... veSTita: pavanaiH prAnta mahAvegairmahAbalaiH / tribhistribhuvanAkINoM lokastAlatarUsthiti: / / jJAnArNava, (lokabhAvanA), 2 160. tattvArtha, 3/1. 161. vahI, 3/7, 12, 14. 162. yatraite jantavaH sarve nAnAgatiSa saMsthitAH / / utpadyante vipadyante karmapAzavazaMgatA / / jJAnArNava (lokabhAvanA), 2 163. marihisi rAya! jayA tayA vA maNorame kAmaguNe pahAya / ekko hu dhammo naradeva ! tANaM na vijjaI anamiheha kiMci // uttarAdhyayanasUtra 14/40 164. jaha-jaha dosovaramo, jaha-jaha visaesu hoI veraggaM / taha-taha viNNAyavvaM AsannaM se payaM paramaM // maraNavibhatti, 632. 165. durgatiprapatatprANi-dhAraNAddharma ucyate / saMyamAdidazavidhaH sarvajJokto vimuktaye / / yogazAstra, 2/11. abandhUnAmasau bandhurasakhInAmasau sakhA / anAthAnAmasau nAtho dharmo vizvekavatsalaH / / vahI, 4/100. 166. dhammeNa hodi pujjo vissasaNijjo pio jasaMsI ya / suhasajjho ya NarANaM dhammo maNaNivbudikaro ya / / bhagavatI ArAdhanA. 18.2 167. jJAnArNava gAthA 5.6, 12 evaM bha0 A0 1852-1852. 168. mANussa-desa-kula-kAla-jAI iMdiyabalovayANaM ca / vitrANaM saddhA daMsaNaM va dulahaM susAhUNaM // maraNavibhatti, 634. 169. sUtrakRtAMga 2/1/1. ....ihalogAsaMsappaoge, paralogAsaMsappaoge, jIviyAsaMsappaoge, maraNAsaMsappaoge, . kAmabhogAsaMsappaoge / - uvAsagadasAo, 1/57 171. jIvitamaraNAzaMsAmitrAnurAgasukhAnubandhanidAnakaraNAni / / - tattvArthasUtra, 7/32 172. jIvitamaraNAzaMse bhayamitrasmRtinidAnanAmAnaH / sallekhanAticArA: paJca jinendrauH samAdiSTAH // ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra, 5/8 173.. jIvitamaraNAzaMse suhRdanurAgaH sukhAnubandhazca / sanidAnaH pancaite bhavanti sallekhanAkAle // puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 195 174. jIvitamaraNAzaMse suhRdanurAgaM sukhAnubandhamajan / sanidAnaM saMstaragazcarecca sallekhanA vidhinA // dharmAmRta ( sAgAra) 8/46 170.
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________________ paMcama adhyAya jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| samAdhimaraNa kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha katipaya prAcIna jaina granthoM meM to milatA hI hai, sAtha hI isa sambandha meM aneka abhilekha yA zilAlekha bhI prApta hote haiN| kisI tathya kI aitihAsikatA kI puSTi ke lie zilAlekhoM kA sthAna advitIya hai| zilAlekhoM meM utkIrNita vAkyoM ko sandehAtmaka dRSTi se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, jabaki sAhityika sAkSyoM para sandeha kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sAhityika sAkSyoM meM parivartana yA parivarddhana kI adhika sambhAvanA rahatI hai| isI tathya ko dRSTigata karate hue samAdhimaraNa kI aitihAsikatA kI puSTi ke lie hamane zilAlekhoM meM varNita samAdhimaraNa ke udAharaNoM ko yathAsambhava saMkalita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| kAlakrama ke AdhAra para ina zilAlekhoM ke samaya kA bhI vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA kAla vibhAjana eka samasyA hI hai, phira bhI vidvAnoM ne lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI taka aura usase pUrva kA kAla prAcIna kAla evaM 8vIM zatI se 16 vIM zatI taka kA samaya madhyakAla mAnA hai| isake bAda kA kAla Adhunika kAla kahalAtA hai| kAlakrama ke isI vargIkaraNa ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| prAcIna kAla tamilanADu evaM karNATaka ke pahAr3oM kI guphAoM meM brAhmI lipi meM kucha vyaktiyoM ke nAma milate haiN| vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki ye nAma ina guphAoM meM samAdhimaraNa karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke hone caahie| inakA kAla I0 pU0 se lekara IsA kI prathama-dvitIya zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai| zravaNa belagola ke candragiri parvata para prApta zilAlekha meM mahAvIra se bhadrabAhu taka kI AcArya paramparA kA varNana karate hue bhadrabAhu ke ziSya prabhAcandra ke dvArA isa sthAna para samadhimaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| yadyapi yaha zilAlekha zaka saMvat 522 kA mAnA jAtA hai| isa zilAlekha meM ullikhita prabhAcandra ko vidvAnoM ne candragapta maurya kahA hai| yadyapi yaha prazna vivAdAspada hai, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 175 samAdhimaraNa prApta karane kA ullekha karanevAlA yaha zilAlekha prAcInatama hai| isI sthAna para lagabhaga zaka saMvat 622 kA dUsarA zilAlekha upalabdha hai, jisameM cittara ke maunI guru kI ziSyA nAgamati gantiyara ke dvArA tIna mAsa kA anazana karake zarIrAMta karane kA ullekha hai| vahIM anya zilAlekhoM meM mani carita zrI2, ner3abora kA pAnapa bhaTTAra', dharmasena ke ziSya baladeva', ugrasena', maunI ke ziSya guNasena", merumAlI kI ziSyA dhaNNe kuttArevi guravi', ullikAla', tArthada, kAlAvira ke ziSya kalApaka11, RSabhasena ke ziSya nAgasena12, mmaDigalaM.3, vaTTe ke ziSya siMhanandira ke samAdhimaraNa vrata grahaNa karane kA ullekha hai| puna: isI sthAna para mile anya zilAlekhoM meM nandisena5, devasena16, AcArya candradeva ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| kaTavapra parvata se prApta zilAlekhoM meM jo sambhavata: 7vIM zadI ke haiM, meM bhI samAdhimaraNa lenevAle ke nAma varNita haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM , anantamatI18, sasamitiganti 9 ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| kaTavapra parvata para kucha aura bhI zilAlekha mile haiN| ye sabhI zilAlekha lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI ke prArambha ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM kAlAntara ke kisI munire (nAma spaSTa nahIM hai|), guNadeva sUri21, zuddhamuni22, mahAdevamuni puGgava23, sAdhvI rAjJImatiganti, indranandi25 ke samAdhimaraNa kA vivaraNa milatA hai| isake atirikta bhI kucha anya zilAlekha haiM jinameM samAdhimaraNa lenevAloM ke nAma spaSTa nahIM haiN| chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI ke hI kucha zilAlekha anya sthAnoM se prApta hue haiN| inameM petvaNi26 vaMza ke kisI vyakti ke samAdhimaraNa ke ullekha ke sAtha-sAtha, navilUra saMgha ke AcArya (nAma spaSTa nahIM haiM), mAviabbe28, nandimuni29 purttiya Adi vyaktiyoM ke samAdhimaraNa lene ke vivaraNa haiN| madhyakAla -- madhyakAla meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA kAyama .sI., kyoMki vibhinna sthAnoM se prApta madhyakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM bhI samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| inama..., nellUra, bharaGgI, maisUra tathA anya kaI sthAna ullekhanIya haiN| bandalike se prApta zilAlekha meM se eka zaka saMvat 840 kA hai| isameM
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________________ 176 31 jakkiyabbe ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| " yahA~ se prApta dUsarA zilAlekha lalikIrti muni ke ziSya zubhacandradeva ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karatA hai / yaha zilAlekha sambhavataH 1213 I0 kA hai| samAdhimaraNa K bidare se prApta zilAlekha jo sambhavataH 10vIM sadI kA hai| isa zilAlekha meM trilokacandra bhaTTAra ke ziSya ravicandra bhaTTAra evaM eka anya jaina muni ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| aGgaDi se bhI zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jo sambhavataH 9vIM aura 10vIM zatI ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM vimalacandra paMDitadeva", vajrapANi vratIzvara", zubhacandradeva ke ziSya prabhAcandra ke samAdhimaraNa kA varNana milatA hai| 9 nellUra se prApta zilAlekha, jo dasavIM gyArahavIM zatI kA hai- meM jakkiyabbe " maduvaGganAD kA svAmI kivira ke ayaya" ke samAdhimaraNa kA varNana hai| hire-avali se kucha zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jo 11vIM se lekara 14vIM zatI taka ke haiM, meM candradeva, siddhAntadeva ke ziSya mAdhavasena - bhaTTAraka deva, devanandi ke gRhastha ziSya nAlaprabhu Avali?, siddhAntadeva ke gRhastha ziSya candragoDa, harihara rAya ke mantrI, kAna - rAmaNa kI patnI kAma gauNDi* 3, koppaNa aura usakI patnI" ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| karaDAlu ke zilAlekhoM meM mahAsatI haryyale", kauNDakundAnvaya kI gRhastha ziSyA harihara devI ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA hai| ye zilAlekha sambhavataH 11vIM zatI ke haiN| 12vIM - 14vIM zadI ke zilAlekha " heggere" se prApta hue haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM meghacandra bhaTTAraka deva", candrakIrti" Adi ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai / cikkamAgadi meM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karanevAle zilAlekha mile haiM, jo 11vIM zatI ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM vIroja" aura baummavve", muDikesAvantane, bammojara, zubhakIrti paNDita kI ziSyA kAmavva" ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA hai| 3 'kaDakola' se kucha zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jo 12 vIM zatI ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM somayya5, mAragAvuNDa, caNDigauDi" ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| udri se terahavIM zadI ke zilAlekha prApta hue haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM bommagauDa", candrasena sUri ke ziSya munibhadradeva" ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai / yahIM se eka aura zilAlekha prApta huA hai jo samAdhimaraNa kI hI carcA karatA hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa lene
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA vAle kA nAma spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA hai| " hummaca se 12vIM zatI ke zilAlekha prApta hue haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM DeveggaDe, pArzvasena bovara, bAlacandradeva kI gRhastha ziSyA soyidevi, puSpasena deva aura akalaGkadeva, guNasena siddhAntadeva ke gRhastha ziSya yAdagavuDa 5, pAyaNNa ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| 177 halebIDa se do zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jinameM eka 12vIM zatI kA aura dUsarA lagabhaga 13vIM zatI kA hai| ina zilAlekhoM meM abhayacandra, rAmacandra maladhArideva 68 ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai| tavanandi se kucha zilAlekha mile haiM, jo sambhavataH 12vIM - 13vIM zatI ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM meM magalu siriyavve", daNDeza mAdhava", bommaNa", lakSmI bommanakka 2 ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai| bharaGgI se 14vIM zatI ke zilAlekha prApta hue haiM, jinameM gopaNa 3, bhAgIrathI", bullapa ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| candragiri parvata para daNDanAyaka baladeva ke putra siGgimaya" ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| basavanapura se 11vIM zatI ke zilAlekha meM candraprabha muninAtha" ke samAdhimaraNa kA varNana milatA hai| balagAmbe se prApta 11vIM zatI ke zilAlekhoM meM padmiyakke aura padmove ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA kI gaI hai| nittara se prApta 12vIM sadI zilAlekha meM mAlabbe aura vo DiDayacake9 ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA milatI hai| 1 isI prakAra dAnasAle ke 12vIM zatI ke zilAlekha meM padmaprabhu ke ziSya caliga senabova'" ke samAdhimaraNa lene kA varNana * purale se prApta 12 vIM zatI ke zilAlekha meM vinayanidhi bAlacandra ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| cikamagalUra se prApta 12vIM zatI ke zilAlekha meM masaNagauDa ke putra somara ke samAdhimaraNa kI carcA milatI hai / huluhalli nAmaka sthAna meM 12 vIM zatI ke eka zilAlekha meM candrakIrti aura unake vibhinna ziSyoM ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha milatA hai| halasoraba nAmaka sthAna meM 13vIM zatI ke zilAlekha meM tammagauDa" ke samAdhimaraNa ke bAre meM jAnakArI dI gaI hai| 3 4 hAdikallu meM eka zilAlekha milA hai, jo sambhavataH 14vIM zatI kA hai| isa zilAlekha meM kaligauNDa" ke samAdhimaraNa lene kA varNana milatA hai| maisUra ke bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se bhI samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita zilAlekha prApta hue
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________________ 178 samAdhimaraNa haiN| ye zilAlekha 10vIM se lekara 14vIM zatI ke haiN| ina zilAlekhoM se zrIdharadeva ke ziSya nemicandra-7, nAgakumAra kI patnI javikayabbe, saelAcArya-9,amRtabbekAnti", devendra paMDita bhaTTAraka kI ziSyA mArabbekanti 1, sindayyara, prabhAcandra siddhAnta bhaTTAraka kI ziSyA deviyabbe93, mahendrakIrti, rAcayaH5, AcArya siMhanandi96, mAkabbejanita97, jayakIrtideva ke ziSya nAgacandra siddhAntadeva8, kanakanandi 9 tathA bhAskaranandi paMDitadeva.", bhogave1.1, sAtipeTa 102, nAgayayane103, havvakkA104, candraprabhadeva kI ziSyA peNDaravAcimuttabve105, municandradeva evaM unake ziSya pAlayakIrtideva 06, AcArya maladhAri107, bommabve108, mAghavacandradeva kI ziSyAH09, demAyappara 10, kamalasena kI ziSyA jakauvve 15, sakalacandra bhaTTAraka' 12, kulacandra bhaTTAraka ke ziSya sakalacandra bhaTTAraka'13, mAdave554, somadevAcArya kI ziSyA Akalape abve 15, nayakIrti bhaTTAraka ke ziSya nAlaprabhu gaMgara sAvanta sova116 amRtaiya 17, caNDigauDi 118, mAdaiyya119, yogIndra ke ziSya bammagavaDa 20 kezaNaMdi bhaTAra ke ziSyoM evaM mAdhavacandra bhaTTArakadeva ke ziSya parisaya 21, padmaprabha ke ziSya dharmasena 22, nAmiseTTi'22, bAcisoTTi924, vizAlakIrti rAUla ke ziSya nAgacandradeva 25, bellapa'26, mAradevI127, rAmakka 28, nemaNNa ke pitA aura pitAmaha 29, kamaladeva ke ziSya lokAcArya130, caTaveganti131, nandibhaTTAraka kI ziSyA yillekanti132, anantakIrtideva ke ziSya boppaya133, lakSmIsena ke ziSya mAnasenadeva535, mallirAya135, rAyarAja guru hemasena ke ziSya baliseTTi136, gummiseTTi137, bAcaNNa138, cokiseTTi139, purAjI pevayya40, candranAthadeva kI ziSyA nAdovve 41, bommaNNa142, jinacandradeva'43, bommiseTTi44, sAyigavuDi145, nAgave46, satyaNNa, zAntiseTTi, zAntideva muni evaM mAghanandi muni, nandibhaTTAraka ke ziSya boppagauDa 148, nemideva AcArya ke ziSya siMgiseTTi, deviseTTi, padumavve tathA siMgeya 49, akalaMkadeva ke ziSya bayiciseTTi50, bhaTTAraka ke ziSya maragoNDa151, yApanIya saMgha-kumdagaNa ke zAntikIradeva552, maladhArideva kI ziSyA kaMcaladevI153 ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki madhyakAla meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA kA pracalana thaa| samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA isa kAla meM pUre bhAratavarSa meM vidyamAna thI, kyoMki bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM se ye zilAlekha prApta hue haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa ye zilAlekha bundalike, bidare, aGgaDi, nellUra, hire-Avali, kaNave, halasoraba, maisUra evaM anya kaI sthAnoM se prApta hue haiN| mathurA se bhI samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha karanevAle zilAlekha prApta hue haiN| agara zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA para vicAra kiyA jAe to eka bAta hamAre samakSa upasthita hotI hai, vaha yaha ki yaha paramparA prAcIna kAla kI apekSA madhyakAla meM adhika pracalita thii| lekina yaha bAta bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 179 Avazyaka hogA ki mAtra zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para parikalpanA ThIka nahIM , kyoMki zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra para pratizata yA isI taraha kI gaNanA zuddha nahIM hotI hai| unakI sahAyatA se mAtra usa samaya kI prathA para prakAza avazya DAlA jA sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para hama yahI kaha sakate haiM ki samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA prAcInakAla kI taraha madhyakAla meM bhI pracalita thii| Adhunika kAla ___Adhunika samaya meM jahA~ anya dharmoM meM svecchA se dehatyAga apracalita hai, vahIM jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa jaisI paramparA abhI bhI vartamAna hai| samaya-samaya para jaina paramparA ke muni aura gRhastha samAdhimaraNa karate rahate haiN| ata: Adhunika kAla meM bhI jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA pracalita hai aura isake bahutAyata udAharaNa milate haiN| Adhunika kAla meM jina mahApuruSoM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA unakI carcA kI jA rahI hai| jodhapura meM san 1945 I0 ko zrI zambhUnAtha rAma jI ma0 ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| apane samAdhimaraNa vrata ke krama meM unhoMne sAta dinoM kA upavAsa kiyA, tatpazcAt unakI mRtyu ho gyii|154 zrI banavArIlAla jI ma0 ne san 1949 I0 meM 10 dina kA saMthArA lekara samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA thaa|155 jodhapura meM hI mAnanIya zrI jInda jI ke ziSya zrI kRpArAma jI ne 19 dina taka saMthArA vrata lekara samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyA thaa| inakI dIkSA saMvat 1949 I0 meM huI thii|56 zrI mohara siMha jI ne dillI meM san 1953 I0 meM 4 dinoM ke saMthAre ke bAda samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyA thaa|157 AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jI ma0 kA samAdhimaraNa 18 sitambara 1955 I0 ko huaa| samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva AcArya zrI ne 36 dinoM taka anazana vrata kiyaa| ina 36 dinoM meM Apane sirpha cAra bAra jala grahaNa kiyA thaa| san 1919 I0 meM Apa dIkSita hue the| dIkSita hone ke bAda Apane jIvanaparyanta namaka, zakkara, ghI tathA hare phala kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| jIvana ke antima samaya meM Apane 36 dinoM taka anna kA bhI tyAga kara diyA thaa|158 zrImatI sItAbAI nAhara ne kuMdevAr3I meM 52 dinoM kA upavAsa karake samAdhimaraNa vidhi se apane deha kA tyAga kiyA thaa| inakA samAdhimaraNa 4 maI 1978 I0 meM 98
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________________ 180 samAdhimaraNa varSa kI avasthA meM huaa|159 ___mahAsatI zrI lajjAvaMtI jI ne ludhiyAnA meM 10 dinoM kA upavAsa karake samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyaa| unakA samAdhimaraNa 10 apraila 1978 I0 ko .: huA thaa|60 sAdhvI zrI haMgAma kuMvara jI kA samAdhimaraNa ratalAma meM 14 apraila 1980 ko ho gyaa| apane samAdhimaraNa vrata ke krama meM unhoMne 57 dina kA upavAsa kiyA thaa|161 prajJApuruSa kSullaka jinendra varNI kA samAdhimaraNa 24 maI 1983 ko huA thaa| unakA dehAvasAna 42 dinoM ke saMthArA vrata ke bAda huA thaa|62 sAdhvI kiraNa kA samAdhimaraNa 53 dina ke anazana ke bAda lADanUM meM ho gyaa| sAdhvIzrI AcArya tulasI kI ziSyA thii|163 sAdhvI likhabhAvata jI kA samAdhimaraNa phatehapura meM huaa| inhoMne 24 dinoM kA anazana kiyA thaa| inakA samAdhimaraNa 2 agasta, 1987 ko huA thaa|165 zrI ghevaracanda surANA ne 30 dinoM ke upavAsa vrata ke bAda samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyaa| zrI surANA AcArya zrI tulasI ke gRhastha anuyAyI the| inakA samAdhimaraNa 1 sitambara 1987 ko pUrNa huaa|165 zrImatI manoharI devI ne haidarAbAda meM 22 dinoM ke upavAsa ke bAda samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga diyaa|166 zrImatI hIrAbAI baramecA ne ghor3anadI meM 45 dinoM ke anazana ke bAda samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyaa| inakA svargavAsa 13 julAI 1987 ko huaa|167 saradArazahara (rAjasthAna) kI zrImatI bhaMvarI devI borar3a ne 63 dinoM ke saMthAre ke bAda 11 sitambara 1987 ko samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyaa|168 zrI badrIprasAda jI mahArAja ne 73 dinoM ke saMthAre ke bAda 16 akTUbara 1987 ko samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| inakA samAdhimaraNa sonIpata meM huaa|169 / zrImatI jeThIbAI guMdecA kA 15 divasIya saMthArA vrata ke pazcAt samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehAvasAna ho gyaa|170
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 181 sAdhvI zrI mahAyazAzrI jI ma0 kA samAdhimaraNa 45 dinoM ke saMthAre ke bAda ho gyaa| unakA samAdhimaraNa sUrata ke upAsarA nagara meM huaa| Apa dRr3ha saMyamI aura vrata pArAyaNa sAdhvI thiiN| 176 zrImatI DAI devI botharA kA samAdhimaraNa mArca 1988 meM ho gyaa| zrImatI botharA 8 mArca se anazana vrata prArambha kI thI aura 7 dinoM ke bAda unakA dehAvasAna ho gyaa|202 AcArya kI zrutasAgara jI mahArAja kA samAdhimaraNa 8 maI 1988 I0 ko ho gyaa| Apane nau dinoM kA saMthArA vrata liyA thaa| Apa zrI AcArya zrI vIrasAgara jI mahArAja ke ziSya the| 173 ___ AryikA saralamatI jI174 ne dinAMka 26 julAI 96 ko lUNavA meM samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyaa| veM 85 varSa kI thiiN| ve pichale eka mAha se asvastha cala rahI thii| samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ke lie ve pichale mAha se hI jala kA sevana kara rahI thIM aura cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kA rakhA thaa| isa prakAra hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki Adhunika kAla meM jahA~ vyakti dUsaroM ke saMsAdhanoM ko har3apa jAne ke prayatna meM lagA huA hai, tathA nae-nae ArAma ke sAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA mahasUsa kara rahA hai, vahIM isa kAla meM bhI jainadharma meM AsthA vyakta karane vAle loga jIvana ke sabhI aizvaryoM kA tyAga karake samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kara rahe haiN| saMdarbha : 1. 2. 3. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (prathama bhAga), hIrAlAla jaina, zilAlekha naM0-1, pR0-2. adeyarenADa cittUra mauniguravaDigala ziSiyattiyar nAgamatigantiyar mUru tiGgal nontu muDippidar / vahI, zilAlekha naM0- 2, pR0-2. caritazrInAmadheyaprabhumunintratagal nontusaukhyasthanAydAn / vahI, zilAlekha naM0- 3, pR0-3 zrI neDuboreya pAnapa bhaTArauMntu muDippidAr / vahI, zilAlekha, naM0-6 pR0-3. dharmasenaguravaDigalA ziSyar bAladevaguravaDigal sanyAsanaM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-7, pR0-4. zrI mAlanUra paTTini guravaDigala ziSya- ugrasena.... snyaasnN.| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-8, pR0-4. 5.
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________________ samAdhimaraNa 3. zrI agaliya mauniguravara ziSya koTTarada guNasenaguravannontu muDippidAr / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-9, pR0-4 .. zrI perumAlu guravaDigalA ziSya dhaNNe kuttArevi. guravi..... DippidAr / . vahI, zilAlekha naM0-11, pR0-4. :. zrI ullkkilgora vaDigal nontu.... dAr / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-11 pR0-5 10. zrItIrthada goravaDigala no - vahI, zilAlekha naM0-12, pR0-5. 11. ....kalApakada guravaDigallirpattondu divasaM sanyAsanaM nontu muDippidAr / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-13, pR0-5 12. zrI RSabhasena guravaDigala ziSyar nAgasena guravaDigala sanyAsanavidhi intu muddippidaar| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-14, pR0-5 13. zrI mmaDigala nontu kAlaM kevdAr / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-16, pR0-6. 14. zrI veTTeDe guravaDigalmANAkkarsiGgaNandiguravaDigalnontukAlaM-keydAr / vahIM, zilAlekha naM0-19, pR0-7. 15. sanyAsanaM-ge- yaduru satvannandisena-pravara-munivarandevalokakke sandAn / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-26, pR0-11. 16. tanage mRtyuvaravAnari dendu supaNDitan / aneka-zIla-guNamAlegalinsagidoppidon / vinaya-devasena-nAma-mahAmuni nontu pin / ina darildu palitaGkade tAndivameridAn / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-32, pR0 - 13. 27. ...............candra- devAcArya nAman udita-zrI- kalvappinalle riSigiri-zilemelnontutandehamikki niravadyaneri svarge zivanilepaDedAnsAdhugalpUjyamAnan / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-34, pR0-14. 18. capalillA navilUra saGghadamahAnantAmatIkhantiyAr / vipulazrIkaTavapranal-giriyamelnontonnadu sanmAgargedin / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-28, pR0 - 12. 29. kareil-naltapa-dharmadA-sasimati-zrI gantiyaGghandumel / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-35, pR0-15. 20. ....enammA kalantUranaM.... vahI, zilAlekha naM0, 159, pR0 308. 21. ......de zAstravido yena guNadevAkhya sUriNe kalvAp parvata-vikhyAte-nama / vahI, zilAlalekha naM0-160, pR0-308. 22. sundarapempadugratadogida ......vArddhadanindhamendu pin sundari saucadAyyaderade .....! vahI, zilAlekha naM0-192, pR0-315.
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 23. mahAdevanmunipuGgavatradarpi kalu pepaM mahAtavanmaraNappe tanagA...... / vahI zilAlekha naM0-193. pR0-315 24. namilUrA sirisaGghad AjigaNadA rAjJImatI gantiAr / vahI zilAlekha naM0-194 (207), pR0-3 17. 25. indranandi AcArya .......zvarari / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (205) pR0-316-17. 26. tanage mRtyu-varavAnaride pervANa-vaMzadon / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (208) pR0-317. 27. jannal navilUra anekaguNadA.... zrAsaGgha.......... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (211), pR0-318.. 28.. cendade buddhiya hAramani....tiyu....ya mAvi abbegal / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (214) pR0 -318. 29 ....ni.... pautra...nandimunipa....siddhisthanAdam / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (217) pR0-3 19. 30. tamage mRtyuvaravAnariMda zrI purttiya ..... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-194 (219). pR0 -311. 31. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga 2), zilAlekha naM0-140, pR0-163-164. 32. jaina zilAlekha (bhAga 3), zilAlekha naM0-459, pR0-308. 33. ......ravicandra-bhaTArar saMnyasanaM geydu muDipidar.......... jaina zilAlekha-saMgraha bhAga 2, zilAlekha naM0-158, pR0 - 200. 34. .......sya sakala-samamendu darma geyadu sanyasada ............ / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-159, pR0 - 201. 35. bimalacandra-paNDita-devar sanyAsana vidhiyiM muDipi..... vahI, zilAlekha naM0-166, pR0-207., 36. .......... sanyAsa-vidhAnadiM muDipi pUjyaM vajrapANi-vratIzvara........ __ vahI, zilAlekha naM0-178, pR0-219. 37. .....prabhAcandra-devara nisidhi......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-180, pR0-220. 38. biDisi samAdhiyaM paDedudelliyumaccari jakkiyabbeya / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 183, pR0 226. 39. .........kiviriyayyaGgala cAGgalada basadiyol panneraDaM nontu muDipi / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-184, pR0-226.
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________________ 184 samAdhimaraNa 40. bhaTTAraka devarU...........anupama samAdhi nidhiyim / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-286, pR0-437. 41. ........zrIman-nAla-prabhu....... samAdhi-vidhiyiM muddihi.........| vahI, jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga-3) zilAlekha naM0-541, pR0-381. 42. ......canda gauNDana tamma / - sanyasana-samAdhi-vidhiyiM muddihi........| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-562, pR0-394. 43. sati kAmIgauNDi sanyasani vidhiyiM muddihi......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-594, pR0-431. 44. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-605, pR0-440-445. 45. sati haryala-devI surendra lokamam / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-383, pR0 - 166. 46. harihara-deviyaM.....sataM samAdhiyim / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-384, pR0-167. 47. meghacandra-bhaTTAraka devaru sanyasanavidhiyiM smaadhi-voddedu......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-364, pR0-140. 48. .....suta candrakIrti svarga baDedam / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-545, pR0-383. 49. vIroja muDipi sugati-prAptanAda / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-422, pR0-227. 50. bommale snnsnsmaadhiyN......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-422, pR0-227. 51. muDiya sA...... vanta sanyasana-samadhiyaM mADi sugati-prAptanAdaM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-502, pR0-351. 52. ...cikkamAgaDiya akkasAle bammoja / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-513, pR0-363. 53. mallave........dAna dharma.......samAdhi-vidhiyiM sura-loka / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-484, pR0-337. 54. ..kAmavve...sanyasana samAdhi-vidhiyiM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-489, pR0-339. 55. ........somayyanu smaadi......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-490, pR0-339. 56. ....mAragAvuNDa sarva.. nibi .... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-508, pR0-356. 57. caNDigauDi sarvva-nivi (vR) ttiyaM kyi-konnddu.....| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-525, pR0-374. 58. .....bomma-gauDanu sakala-sanyasana-vidhiyiM muddipi.....| . vahI, zilAlekha naM0 578, pR0 409. 59. munibhadra devarure sadgati saukhyamaneyiddara nijam / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-588, pR0-426. 60. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 491, pR0 340. 61. De veggaDe-ta......samAdhi vidhiyiM muDupi sur-lok.......|
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________________ 185 jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA vahI, zilAlekha naM0-494, pR0-341. 62. pArzva senabova.......mADi......suraloka prApitanAdam / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-497, pR0-347. 63. ...........soyi-devi Ananda.....samAdhi vidhiyiM muDipi sura-lokava.......! vahI, zilAlekha naM0-500, pR0-35 0. 64. ..puSpasena muDipidanolabim / ........akalaGka vratiyanoyya takkude dhAtrA / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-503, pR0-352 evaM 353. 65. .....yAdagavuDa samAdhi-vidhiyiM muDipi .......! vahI, zilAlekha naM0-542, pR0-381. 66. .....pAyaNNa sakala-sanyasana-sallekhana...............! vahI, zilAlekha naM0-597, pR0-433. 67. ..bhava-rogakke su-vaidyanovabhayacandraM...ariDAtmIya-samAdhiyaM..sAhAramaM dehamaM / / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-524. pR0-372. 68. zrImadrAmacaMdra-maladhAri devarU........samAdhiyendu.....sanyasanapUrvakaM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-584, pR0-385. 69. ......magalu siriyabve samAdhividhiyiM muddipi....| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-534, pR0-378. 70. daNDeza-mAdhavaM.....dityassamAdhi-vidhinA bhuvi / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-540, pR0-380. 71. bommaNNanu samAdhi-vidhiyiM muDipi svarga loka prAptanAdanu / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 568, pR0 400. 72. ....lakSmi bommakkanu samAdhi vidhiyiM muDipi svrg-lok-praaptiyaadl| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-569, pR0-401. 73. gopaNo bhUSaNAtto...Atana samAdhi-vidhAnamentendoDe / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-610, pR0-453. 74. ......bhagirathi tAliddalAyata- svarga-saukhyamaM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-641, pR0-488. 75. .....samAdhividhiyiM .....siGgimayyanamarendrAvAsamaM..... / 9 / / jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, zilAlekha naM0-52, pR0-87. 76. zrI candraprabhadeva-deva-maraNe zAstrArNavaM zoSitam / - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 3, zilAlekha naM0-410, pR0-201.
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________________ 186 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. zrI zrutamunIzvara ziyyaru / sanyasana samAdhiyiM / tamma- gaUDa tanage kSaya - vyAdhiyAda 86. kAli- gAvuNDi samAdhi - vidhiyiM muDipi .......... / samAdhimaraNa padmiyarkano.... samAdhi vidhiyiM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 420, pR0-225. .... padmauve sucittadiM samAdhi kUDi svarga ..... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-420, pR0-226. cauDiyakkanaM....alava samAdhiyole ..... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 439, pR0-266. caliga senabovanu nijAya ...... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-468, pR0-318. ... bAlacandra | su-samAdhiyaM muDipi .... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-469, pR0 - 319. .soma-gauDa samAdhi vaDadu..... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-526, pR0-375. .... prApto divyaM gati..... candrakItti - vratondraH / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 -571, pR0 - 403. 85. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-571, pR0 404. . dhyAnAdiM jina crnn...| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-593, pR0 430. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-612, pR0-457. jaina zilAlekha -saMgraha, bhAga 4, zilAlekha naM0 - 74-75, pR0 43. vahI, zilAlekha naM.- 74-75, pR0 43. 87. 88. `49. ilaveDe mallAcAri / / vahI zilAlekha naM0-76, pR0- 44. amRta-bbe kantiya ruradu nontu samAdhi yiM (muDipi) 90. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 90, pR0-55. 91. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-102, pR0 69. 92. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-103, pR0 - 70. 23. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 105, pR0 70. 94. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-108, pR0-70. 95. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-109, pR0-71. 96. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-118, pR0-74. 97. 98. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-143, pR0-95. 99. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-144, pR0 -95H 100. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-160, pR0 - 113. 101. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-164, pR0 114. 102. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 275-276, pR0 - 208. mAkabbegaMtiya maDibada biicg....| vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 120, pR0-74. Thom
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 103. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-277-278, pR0 - 209. 104. bammAcAriya heNDati havvakkanu suralokaprApteyAdalu / - 105. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 283, pR0-217. 106. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 298-300, pR0 - 227. 107. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-303, pR0 - 228. 108. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-307, pR-229. 109. nAgavve gokaveya magalu sa (mA) - dhividhiyiMda muddipi..........| vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 281, pR0-210 110. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 314, pR0 - 234. 111. jakauvve samAdhividhiyiM muDipi sugati ya prApteyAdalu // vahI, zilAlekha naM0-312, pR0-233 112. tridinAdanazanavidhinA triviSTapaM saMprAptaH / 187 vahI, zilAlekha naM0-322, pR0-250 113. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-337, pR0 - 257. 114. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 340-341, pR0-258. 115. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-343, pR0 - 259. 116. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-344, pR0-259. 117. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 346, pR0 - 260. 118. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 350, pR0-261. 119. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 354, pR0-263. 120. ...bammagavuDa mahApuruSo gato siddhiM samAdhinA / vahI, zilAlekha naM0- 327, pR0 - 253 vahI, zilAlekha naM0-357, pR0-261 121. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-361-367, pR0-266. 122. dharmasenamahAmuni: / / ....... vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 375, pR0-269. 123. miseTTi divadol kaivalayamaM tAlahiM / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 379, pR0-273. 124. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 387, pR0 - 275. 125. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 392, pR0-278. 126. vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 396, pR0 - 279. 127. . mAra deviyarU svargaMga tarAdaru / vahI, zilAlekha naM0 - 398, pR0 - 283. 128. rAmakkanavara ....tuNgsmaadhi..| - vahI, zilAlekha naM0-400, pR0-286-287.
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________________ 188 samAdhimaraNa 129. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-402, pR0-288. 130. vahI. zilAlekha naM0-409, pR0-291. 131. caTaveganti mattavUra basadi tapasu / - vahI, zilAlekha naM0-410, pR0-292. 132. ......yillekantiya (r) (sa) nyasanaMgeydu sura (lokkke)| ___ vahI, zilAlekha naM0-417, pR0 - 296. 133. boppaya sanyasanavidhiyiM...... (sva) rgasta / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-418, pR0-296. ..34. zrImAnasenadevara niSidhi ....... / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-421, pR0-299. 135. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-423-424, pR0-300. 136. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-431, pR0-301. 137. gummiseTiyara nistige.....| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-442, pR0-308. 138. bAcaNNamala / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-443-444, pR0-309. 139. cokisetttti.......| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-449, pR0-311. 140. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-522, pR0-348. 141. ra guDDi naadovvey........| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-540, pR0-357. 142. vAra bommaNNa galu svargasta / vahI, zilAlekha naM0-578, pR0-368. 143. jinacaMdradevaru muddipi....| vahI, zilAlekha naM0-580, pR0-369. 144. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-589, pR0-371. 145. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-590, pR0-372. 146. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-591, pR0-372. 147. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-599-602, pR0-375. 148. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-604, pR0-375. 149. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-606, pR0-376. 150. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-609, pR0-377. 151. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-610, pR0-377. 152. vahIM, zilAlekha naM0-611-612, pR0-377. 153. vahI, zilAlekha naM0-614, pR0-378. 154. hamArI paramparA-le0-rAmaprasAda jI0 ma0, uddhRta-mahAvIra mizana, sampAdaka-salekacanda jaina, pharavarI 1988, pR0-55. 15. vahI, pR0-5. 156. vahI, pR0-55. 157. vahI, pR0-55. ?' , digambara-jaina-mitra, 1956, AcArya zrI zAntisAgara jI vizeSAMka, pR0-17-18.
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________________ jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA 159. zramaNopAsaka, jUna 1978, pR0 46. 160. jaina- jagata, jUna 1980, pR0 - 40. 151. vahI, jUna 1980, pR0 40. 162. zrI jinendravarNI smaraNAnjali, pR0 - 162-163. 163. dainika jaina samAja, 8 jUna, 1987, pR0 1. 164. jaina-bhAratI aMka 32, 17 agasta 1987, pR0-17. 165. jaina bhAratI, 14 sitambara 1987, pR0-120. 166. jaina- bhAratI, jaina 38, 28 sitambara 1987, pR0 - 20. 167. amara - bhAratI, agasta 1987, pR0 - 48. 168. jaina- jagata, akTUbara, 1987, pR0 - 91. 169. jaina - prakAza, 16 akTUbara 1987, pR0 - 29. 170. sudharmA, aMka 7 janavarI 1988, pR0-56. 171. jaina- jagata, pharavarI 1988, pR0 - 63. 172. jaina - bhAratI, 21 mArca 1988, pR0 - 16. 173. samyagajJAna, maI 1988, pR0 - 25-26. 174. jainamitra (sAptAhika 1) 1 agasta, 1996, pR0 299. 189
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________________ SaSTha adhyAya samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa mRtyuvaraNa kI svatantratA kA prazna ? kyA samAdhimaraNa aura icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa samAna avadhAraNA hai? yadi hA~! To samAdhimaraNa ke aticAra kA prasaMga galata ho jAtA hai, kyoMki samAdhimaraNa ke aticAra meM jina-jina tathyoM kA udghATana huA hai, vastutaH ve vyakti kI sabhI prakAra kI icchAoM kA niSedha karane kI ora hI saMketa dete haiN| lekina yadi aisA ThIka hai to eka vyAvahArika prazna uThatA hai ki vyakti kisa taraha se sabhI taraha kI icchAoM se mukta hokara jIvana jiiye| yadyapi isa samasyA kA nirAkaraNa kara pAnA saMbhava nahIM hai, phira bhI hameM yaha mAnakara calanA hogA ki samAdhimaraNa aura icchita mRtyuvaraNa do bhinna-bhinna prasaMga hai| icchita mRtyuvaraNa kI koTi meM AtmahatyA ko rakhA jA sakatA hai isa sambandha meM pUrva meM vicAra kiyA jA cukA hai ki samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM bahuta bar3A pharka hai / icchitamaraNa aura maraNadAna kA prasaMga bhI Aja carcA kA viSaya banA huA hai| yadyapi maraNadAna meM mRtyu kA kAraNa koI anya vyakti banatA hai, lekina isake pIche mRtyudAna pAnevAle kI sahamatI bhI rahatI hai| to kyA maraNadAna aura samAdhimaraNa ko samAna tathya mAna liyA jaae| yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| ataH samAdhimaraNa aura aicchikamRtyu ke prasaMga se kaI tathya jur3e mAne jA sakate haiN| jina para vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se cintana karanA Avazyaka hai| bhAratavarSa meM satIprathA aura jauhara ke rUpa meM icchitamaraNa kA prasaMga svIkRta rahA hai | jauhara jaisI ghaTanA to adhika prAcIna nahIM hai, lekina satIprathA eka prAcInatama naitika kriyA ke rUpa meM mAnya rahI hai| jahA~ taka jauhara kI bAta hai to prAyaH striyoM ne satItva rakSA hetu hI ise svIkAra kiyA hai, lekina satIprathA ke sAtha yaha bAta lAgU nahIM hotIM / kyoMki kabhI-kabhI striyoM kI bAlAt pati kI citA para jalane ke lie vivaza honA par3A hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bhArata meM satIprathA jaisI prAcIna mAnyatAoM ko avaidha ghoSita kiyA jA cukA hai| parantu ye donoM hI paristhitayA~ aicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke hI pratirUpa haiN| aba yahA~ yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA samAdhimaraNa ke sAtha ina donoM kI tulanA bhI jA sakatI hai? kyoMki ina tInoM hI kriyAoM meM icchApUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 191 ataeva hama aicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara apanI carcA ke krama ko Age bar3hA rahe haiN| jIvana aura mRtyu kA cintana mAnava ke lie atyanta rocaka viSaya rahA hai / sAmAnyataH sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiN| sabhI ko jIvana priya hai aura mRtyu apriya hai| sAmAnyata: isI jIjIviSA ke AdhAra para jIvana ko sukharUpa aura mRtyu ko duHkharUpa mAnA jAtA hai| prAya: jIvana aura mRtyu ke vikalpa meM sabhI jIvana kA vikalpa cunate haiM, ataH sAmAnyatayA mRtyu kA vikalpa cunane kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai / phira bhI kucha vyakti aise hote haiM jo yA to jIvana se Ubakara yA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke rakSaNa ke lie mRtyu kA varaNa karate haiN| mRtyu ke varaNa karane ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| yathA 1. atyadhika zArIrika duHkha yA roga kI pIr3A sahana nahIM kara pAne ke kAraNa vyakti jIvana ko tyAga denA cAhatA hai| 2. atyadhika nirdhanatA ke phalasvarUpa apanI evaM parivAra kI jaivika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti nahIM karane ke kAraNa bhI vyakti svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa karatA hai / 3. pArivArika kleza ke kAraNa atyadhika duHkhavaza jIvana se nirAza hokara vyakti jIvana kA tyAga karanA cAhatA hai / 4. kabhI-kabhI vyakti kI pratiSThA para A~ca AtI hai to vaha pratiSThArahita jIvana jIne kI apekSA mRtyu ko hI adhika varaNIya mAnatA hai| 5. ina sAmAnya kAraNoM ke atirikta bhI kucha loga naitika mUlyoM yA cAritra kI rakSA ke lie bhI apane jIvana kA tyAga kara denA cAhate haiN| 6. kabhI-kabhI vyakti snehI yA priyajana kI mRtyu se duHkhI hokara bhI prANatyAga karanA cAhatA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se janma-jarA-maraNa ke cakra se chuTakArA pAne ke lie yA AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie bhI mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra aneka kAraNa hote haiM jisase vyakti jIvana kA abhilASI hote hue bhI mRtyu kI AkAMkSA kara letA hai| aba yahA~ yaha prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai ki kyA vyakti ina paristhitiyoM meM apane dehatyAga ke lie svataMtra hai yA parataMtra ? agara svataMtra hai to kisa taraha kI svataMtratA use milanI caahie| kyA vaha Aga meM jalakara, pAnI meM DUbakara phAMsI 7. "
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________________ 192 samAdhimaraNa lagAkara anazanapUrvaka athavA zastra kI sahAyatA se dehatyAga kare athavA use prANatyAga karane kI svataMtratA nahIM milanI cAhie? yahA~ pratiprazna uTha sakatA hai kyoM nahIM milanI cAhie? ata: inhIM binduoM ko kendra meM rakhakara aicchikamaraNa ke kucha prasaMgoM para AlocanAtmaka ciMtana kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| samAdhimaraNa aura satI prathA samAdhimaraNa aura satI prathA- ina do bhinna paramparAoM meM dehatyAga kA jvalaMta udAharaNa hai| ata: ina donoM ke sambandha meM tulanAtmaka vicAra apekSita hai| samAdhimaraNa aura satI prathA dehatyAga kI eka aisI vidhi hai jisameM prAya: vyakti meM dehatyAga kI bhAvanA svasphUrta mAnI jAtI hai| yadyapi satI prathA ke pratyeka prasaMga meM yaha bAta nahIM pAyI jAtI hai, isIlie rUpakuMvara ke satI hone kI ghaTanA aura usake nepathya meM chipI huI mAnasikatA ko samajhakara bhArata sarakAra ne isa kuprathA ko pUrI taraha se avaidha mAnA hai| satI prathA aba mAtra itihAsa kI viSayavastu bana gayI hai, lekina samAdhimaraNa bhI paramparA abhI bhI jIvita hai| ina donoM hI paramparAoM ke pIche darzana aura kucha naitika tathya avazya haiM jisase prerita hokara vyakti inheM aMgIkAra karatA hai| paM0 sukhalAla jI saMghavI ne samAdhimaraNa kI sthiti para vyApaka rUpa se prakAza DAlA hai aura isa anukrama meM satI prathA ke samaya koI strI apanA dehatyAga kyoM karatI hai isakA dRSTAMta bhI prastuta kiyA hai| unake anusAra-jainadharma laukika yA adhyAtmika donoM prakAra kI sAmAnya sthitiyoM meM prANAnta karane kA adhikAra nahIM detA hai| lekina jaba deha (laukika) aura AdhyAtmika sadguNoM meM se kisI eka ko cunane kA prazna upasthita ho jAtA hai to aisI sthiti meM dehatyAga karake bhI apanI vizuddha AdhyAtmika sthiti ko bacAne kA usI prakAra nirNaya karanA cAhie jisa prakAra satI strI dUsarA mArga na dekhakara dehanAza ke dvArA bhI apane satItva kI rakSA karatI hai| yadi deha aura saMyama donoM kI hI samAna bhAva se rakSA sambhava ho sake to donoM kI hI rakSA karanA parama kartavya hai, parantu jaba eka kI hI rakSA kA prazna Ae to sAmAnya vyakti zarIra kI hI rakSA pasanda karegA aura AdhyAtmika saMyama kI upekSA karegA, jabaki samAdhimaraNa kA adhikArI vyakti saMyama kI rakSA ko mahattva degaa| jIvana to donoM hI hai- daihika aura aadhyaatmik| AdhyAtmika jIvana jIne ke lie prANAnta yA anazana kI anumati hai| bhayaMkara vipattiyoM meM zarIra kI rakSA ke nimitta saMyama se patita hone ke avasara Ane para yA anivArya rUpa se prANAnta karanevAlI bImArI ho jAne para, svayaM ko tathA dUsaroM ko nirarthaka parezAnI hone para yA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 193 saMyama sadguNa kI rakSA sambhava nahIM hone para mAtra samabhAva kI dRSTi se vyakti samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kara sakatA hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki samAdhimaraNa meM jo dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai vaha mAtra saMyama aura dharma rakSA ke nimitta hI kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki usameM vyakti saMyama se patita hone ke kAraNa anivArya rUpa se prANAnta karanevAlI sthiti utpanna hone se prANatyAga karatA hai| tAtparya hai ki zArIrika durbalatA ke kAraNa zarIra jaba apane kAryoM kA sampAdana nahIM kara pAtA hai, isake lie kisI dUsare para Azrita rahanA par3atA hai, jisase svayaM ko aura dUsaroM ko bhI kaSTa hotA hai, tabhI prANatyAga kiyA jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM vyakti dehatyAga ke lie svatantra hai, kyoMki anupayogI aura bhArayukta zarIra ko usa sthiti meM DhonA ThIka nahIM hai, isase AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke khaNDita hone kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| aicchika mRtyuvaraNa kA eka vIbhatsa rUpa satI prathA hai, jo hindU paramparA meM pracalita rahA hai ise sahamaraNa, sahagamana, anvArohana yA anubharaNa Adi ke nAmoM se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| satI kA sIdhA-sAdA artha hai- pati kI mRtyu ke bAda vidhavA strI kA pati kI citA ke sAtha jindA jlnaa| isa prakriyA meM do sthitiyA~ utpanna ho sakatI haiM 1. pahalI sthiti meM vidhavA strI ko usakI icchA ke viruddha jalAyA jAtA hai yA jalane ke lie vivaza kiyA jAtA hai| satI hone kA yaha rUpa kabhI bhI prazasta mRtyuvaraNa nahIM hai| ise kabhI bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| 2. dUsarI sthiti meM vidhavA svecchApUrvaka apanI pati kI citA ke sAtha jala jAtI thii| yaha aicchika mRtyuvaraNa kA rUpa hai| phira bhI isa dehatyAga kA kyA aucitya hai, isa para hameM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se ci - karanA hai| satI prathA ke sambandha meM hindU dharmagranthoM meM paryApta cintana huA hai| isalinDana ke AdhAra para satI prathA se sambandhita hindU dharmagranthoM ko tIna koTiyoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai ka. prathama koTi meM ve hindU dharmagrantha Ate haiM, jinhoMne kabhI bhI satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA hai| kha. dvitIya koTi meM ve grantha Ate haiM jo satI prathA kA saMketa to karate haiM, lekina satI honA ucita nahIM mAnate haiM aura satI ho rahI strI ko puna: sAMsArika jIvana-jIne kA nirdeza dete haiN| , ga. tRtIya koTi meM ve grantha Ate haiM jo spaSTatayA satI prathA kA samarthana karate haiM aura isakI mahattA para bhI prakAza DAlate haiN|
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________________ 194 samAdhimaraNa satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM karanevAle grantha vaidika granthoM meM satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA huA hai ki strI ko vivAha ke samaya se hI gRhyAgni prajvalita rakhanI caahie| pati kI mRtyu ke bAda bhI patnI ko usa pavitrAgni ko prajvalita rakhanA caahie| kahane kA artha yahI hai ki jisa gRha kI rakSA arthAt bacce, parivAra Adi kI dekhabhAla evaM usakI surakSA kA bhAra pahale pati para thA, pati kI mRtyu ke bAda ina sabhI dAyitvoM kA nirvAha usakI patnI ke Upara A jAtA hai aura patnI kA yaha dharma hai ki vaha ina dAyitvoM kA nirvAha ucita DhaMga se kare | satI prathA kA aspaSTa DhaMga se samarthana karanevAle grantha kauzika gRhyasUtra ke anusAra vidhavA ko mRtaka pati ke sira ke samIpa uttara dizA kI ora leTanA caahie| isake bAda antyeSTi - pramukha athavA citA meM Aga lagAnevAlA vyakti mRtaka se kahatA hai- "he martya ! yaha strI ( tumhArI patnI) paraloka meM tumase yukta hone ke lie zava ke pAsa leTI hai| isane pativratA strI ke sabhI kartavyoM ko pUrA kiyA hai| ise isa saMsAra meM santAna evaM dhana pradAna karo" isake bAda usa strI ko uThAte hue kahatA hai "he strI ! tuma mRta (pati) ke pAsa leTa rahI ho / vahA~ se uTho aura usake pAsa calI Ao tathA usakI patnI bano jo tumase vivAha karane ko taiyAra hai / isa kathana se yaha spaSTa hai ki strI svecchApUrvaka pati kI citA ke sAtha satI honA cAhatI hai, lekina usake parivAra ke loga use aisA karane se manA karate haiN| ve usase (strI) kahate haiM ki satI mata hoo| tuma punaH sAMsArika jIvana meM lauTa Ao aura apane devara Adi se zAdI karake usake bacce kI mAM banakara apanI ghara-gRhasthI basAo / viSNudharmasUtra' ke anusAra- " pati kI mRtyu ke bAda vidhavA brahmacarya kA pAlana kare athavA pati kI citA ke sAtha hI satI ho jAe / " isI prakAra vRhaspatismRti' meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se likhA gayA hai ki " pati kI mRtyu ke bAda strI citA para car3ha jAe athavA pati ke kalyANa ke lie zuddha jIvana yApana kare / " vyAsasmRti ke anusAra " mRta pati ko lekara brAhmaNI agni meM praveza kre| jIvita rahane para kezoM ko sajAnA chor3akara tapasyA se zarIra ko sukhaave|" 3. satI prathA kA spaSTarUpa se samarthana karanevAle grantha hindU dharmazAstroM meM kucha aise bhI grantha milate haiM jo spaSTa rUpa se satI prathA kA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 195 samarthana karate haiN| mitAkSarI ke anusAra jo strI pati kA anugamana karatI hai vaha tInoM kuloM ko pavitra karatI hai / vRddhahArita ne satI kI atyadhika prazaMsA kI haiM aura likhA hai"jo strI mRta pati kA AliMgana kara agni meM jala jAtI hai, vaha patiloka prApta karatI hai| satI striyoM ke lie pati ke marane para agni meM jala marane ke atirikta koI anya dharma nahIM haiN| jo strI apane pati ko lekara agni meM jalatI hai, vaha vaiSNava pada ko prApta karatI hai, jise yogI hI pAte haiN|' dakSasmRti meM satI kI prazaMsA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki satI svargaloka prApta karatI hai| pati kI mRtyu para jo nArI agni meM praveza kare vaha zubhAcAravAlI svarga loka meM mahimA pAtI hai| pArAzarasmRti" meM satI kI prazaMsA isa prakAra kI gaI hai - svAmI ke mRtyugata ho jAne para jo nArI brahmacarya vrata meM sthita rahatI hai vaha eka sad brahmacArI ke samAna hI marane ke pazcAt svarga kI prApti karatI hai / jisa prakAra sarpa pakar3anevAlA sarpa ko bila se balapUrvaka nikAlatA hai, usI prakAra satI strI pati kA uddhAra karake usa (pati) ke sAtha hI Anandita hotI hai / " isa taraha se hama dekhate haiM ki hindU dharmagranthoM meM satI ko lekara vibhinna prakAra ke mata vyakta kie gaye haiN| eka ora kauzika gRhyasUtra, bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra, viSNu dharmasUtra, vyAsasmRti, bRhaspatismRti, smRticandrikA tathA aparArka saMhitA jaise hindU dharmagrantha satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora mitAkSarI, dakSasmRti, pArAzarasmRti Adi hindU dharmagrantha satI kA spaSTa rUpa se samarthana karate haiN| ina granthoM ke anusAra vidhavA ko satI honA cAhie hai, anyathA vaha pApa kA bhAgI banatI hai| satI kA samarthana nahIM karanevAle granthoM para vicAra kiyA jAe to unameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha nirdeza milatA hai ki vidhavA ko satI nahIM honA caahie| pati kI mRtyu ke bAda vidhavA ko saMyama kA pAlana karanA cahie tathA apane ghara- -gRhasthI kI dekhabhAla karanI caahie| yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana nahIM hone kI sthiti meM yA saMyama pAlana se cUkane kI sthiti meM ina granthoM meM bhI vidhavA ko satI hone kA spaSTa yA aspaSTa nirdeza milatA hai| ina spaSTa aura aspaSTa nirNaya ke AdhAra para yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki satI honA mAtra paristhiti evaM samaya para nirbhara karatA hai| agara vidhavA ko yaha vizvAsa hai ki vaha saMyama aura brahmacarya kI rakSA kara sakatI hai to pati kI mRtyu ke bAda bhI vaha apanA jIvana vyatIta kara sakatI hai, anyathA vaha satI hone ke lie svatantra hai| satI prathA aura jainadharma satI prathA ke sandarbha meM jaina Agama sAhitya meM hameM eka bhI aisI ghaTanA kA
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________________ 196 samAdhimaraNa ullekha nahIM milatA hai jahA~ patnI pati ke zava ke sAtha jalI ho yA jindA jalA dI gayI ho| yadyapi nizIthacUNira 1 meM eka aisA ullekha milatA hai jisake anusAra sopAraka ke pAMca sau vyApAriyoM ko kara nahIM dene ke kAraNa rAjA ne unheM jalA dene kA Adeza de diyA thA aura ullekha ke anusAra una vyApAriyoM kI patniyA~ bhI unakI citAoM meM jala gaI thiiN| lekina jainAcArya isakA samarthana nahIM karate haiM, puna: isa apavAdita ullekha ke atirikta jaina sAhitya meM isa prakAra ke ullekha nahIM milate haiN| mahAnizIthara meM isase bhinna yaha ullekha milatA hai ki kisI rAjA kI vidhavA kanyA satI honA cAhatI thI, kintu usake pitRkula meM yaha pracalana nahIM thA, ata: usane apanA vicAra tyAga diyaa| isase lagatA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne pati kI mRtyoparAnta svecchA se bhI apane dehatyAga ko anucita hI mAnA hai aura isa prakAra ke maraNa ko bAlamaraNa yA mUrkhatA hI kahA hai| satI prathA kA dhArmika samarthana jaina Agama sAhitya aura usakI vyAkhyAoM meM hameM kahIM nahIM milatA hai| yadyapi Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM dadhivAhana kI patnI evaM candanA kI mAtA Adi ke kucha aise ullekha avazya haiM jinameM brahmacarya kI rakSA ke nimitta dehatyAga kiyA gayA hai|13 kintu yaha avadhAraNA satI prathA kI avadhAraNA se bhinna hai| jainadharma aura darzana yaha nahIM mAnatA hai ki mRtyu ke bAda pati kA anugamana karane se arthAt jIvita citA meM jala marane se puna: svargaloka meM usI pati kI prApti hotI hai| isake viparIta jainadharma apane karma-siddhAnta ke prati AsthA ke kAraNa yaha mAnatA hai ki pati-patnI apane-apane karmoM aura bhAvoM ke anusAra hI vibhinna yoniyoM meM janma lete haiN| yadyapi paravartI jaina kathAsAhitya meM hameM aise ullekha milate haiM jahA~ eka bhava ke pati-patnI AgAmI aneka bhavoM meM jIvanasAthI bane, kintu isake viruddha bhI udAharaNoM kI jaina kathA-sAhitya meM kamI nahIM hai|14 ata: yaha spaSTa rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhArmika AdhAra para jainadharma satI prathA kA samarthana nahIM krtaa| yadyapi jainadharma meM satI prathA kA samarthana na hone ke kucha sAmAjika kAraNa bhI hai| vyAkhyA sAhitya meM aisI aneka kathAyeM varNita haiM jinake anusAra pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt patnI na kevala pArivArika dAyitva kA nirvAha karatI thI, apitu pati ke vyavasAya kA saMcAlana bhI karatI thii| zAlibhadra kI mAtA bhadrA ko rAjagRha kA eka mahattvapUrNa zreSThI aura vyApArI nirUpita kiyA gayA jisake vaibhava ko dekhane ke lie zreNika bhI usake ghara AyA karate the|15 AgamoM aura Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM aise aneka ullekha bhI haiM jahA~ ki strI pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt virakta hokara bhikSuNI bana jAtI thii|
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 197 yaha satya hai ki jaina bhikSuNI saMgha vidhavAoM, kumAriyoM aura parityaktAoM kA Azraya sthala thaa| yadyapi jaina Agama sAhitya evaM vyAkhyA sAhitya donoM meM hameM aise ullekha milate haiM jahA~ pati aura putroM ke jIvita rahate hue bhI patnI yA mAtAyeM bhikSuNI bana jAtI thiiN| jJAtAdharmakathA meM draupadI pati aura putroM kI sammati se dIkSita huI thI, kintu unake atirikta aise udAharaNoM kI adhikatA bhI dekhI jAtI hai jahA~ patniyA~ pati ke sAtha athavA pati evaM putroM kI mRtyu ke uparAnta virakta hokara saMnyAsa grahaNa kara letI thiiN| kucha aise ullekha bhI mile haiM jahA~ strI AjIvana brahmacarya ko dhAraNa karake yA to pitRgRha meM hI raha jAtI thI athavA dIkSita ho jAtI thii| jaina paramparA meM bhikSuNI saMsthA eka aisA AdhAra rahI hai jisane hamezA nArI ko saMkaTa se ubArakara Azraya diyA hai| isake atirikta jainAgamoM aura unakI vyAkhyAoM meM aise aneka sandarbha milate haiM jahA~ vidhavAyeM athavA abalA nAriyA~ paristhitiyoM kI vikaTatA ko samajhate hue sAMsArika jIvana ko tyAgakara bhikSuNI dharma svIkAra kara letI thiiN| bhikSuNI jIvana meM unheM atyanta mAna-sammAna milatA thaa| udAharaNasvarUpa madanarekhA ke pati kI hatyA usake bhAI ne kiyaa| isa ghaTanA se madanarekhA vicalita ho gayI, use laukika jIvana se virakti ho gayI aura usane bhikSuNI jIvana apanA liyaa| 16 madanarekhA kI taraha yazabhadrA " padmAvatI" Adi striyoM ke udAharaNa hamAre samakSa bhikSuNI jIvana kI upAdeyatA ko spaSTa karatA hai| isI taraha se jJAtAdharmakathA meM bhI poTTilA " tathA sukumAlitA" ke bhikSuNI banane ke prasaMga kA varNana milatA hai| bhikSuNI bana jAnevAlI ye striyA~ apane jIvana ko sAdhanA aura saMyama se isa taraha jor3a letI thIM ki sAMsArika viSaya vAsanAoM kA unake jIvana para kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM par3atA thA / sadAcaraNa hI unake jIvana kA lakSya bana jAtA thaa| samasta saMgha unake sAdhanAmaya jIvana se utprerita hokara sAdhanA ke mArga para Age bar3hane kI cAhata rakhatA thaa| jaina bhikSuNI saMgha una sabhI striyoM ke lie zaraNadAtA hotA thA, jo vidhavA, parityaktA athavA AzrayahIna hotI thiiN| jainadharma meM satI prathA ko koI prazraya nahIM milaa| jaba-jaba bhI nArI para koI atyAcAra kie gae jaina bhikSuNI saMgha usake lie rakSA kavaca banatA rahA, kyoMki bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza karane ke bAda na kevala yaha pArivArika utpIr3ana se baca sakatI thI, apitu eka sammAnapUrNa jIvana bhI vyatIta kara sakatI thii| Aja bhI vidhavAoM, parityaktAoM, pitA ke dvArA daheja na de pAne kAraNa athavA kurUpatA Adi kinhIM kAraNoM se avivAhita rahane ke lie vivaza kumAriyoM ke lie jaina bhikSuNI saMgha Azraya sthala hai| jaina bhikSuNI saMgha ne nArI kI garimA aura usake satItva donoM kI rakSA
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________________ 198 samAdhimaraNa kI, yahI kAraNa thA ki satIprathA jaisI kutsita prathA jainadharma meM kabhI bhI nahIM rhii| ___ mahAnizItha meM eka strI ko satI hone kA mAnasa banAne para bhI apane kula aura paramparA meM satI-prathA kA pracalana nahIM hone ke kAraNa use apane nirNaya ko badalanA par3A, yaha isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jainAcAryoM kI dRSTi satI prathA virodhI thii| jaina paramparA meM brAhmI25, sundarI22, draupadI23, rAjimatI24 Adi ko satI kahA gayA hai aura tIrthaGkaroM ke nAmakaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha Aja bhI 16 satiyoM kA nAma smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| kintu inheM satI isalie kahA gayA hai ki ye apane zIla kI rakSA hetu yA to avivAhita rahIM yA pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt unhoMne apane caritra evaM zIla ko surakSita rkhaa| Aja jaina sAdhviyoM ke lie "mahAsatI' vizeSaNa kA prayoga hotA hai jisakA AdhAra unakA zIla pAlana hI hai| jaina paramparA meM Agamika vyAkhyAoM aura paurANika racanAoM ke pazcAt jo prabandha sAhitya likhe gaye unameM sarvaprathama satI prathA kA hI jainIkaraNa rUpa hameM dekhane ko milatA hai| tejapAla-vastupAla prabandha meM batAyA gayA hai ki tejapAla aura vastupAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt unakI patniyoM ne anazana karake apane prANatyAga diye|25 yahA~ pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt zarIra tyAgane kA upakrama to hai, kintu usakA svarUpa saumya banA diyA gayA hai| vastuta: yaha usa yuga meM pracalita satI prathA kI jainadharma meM kyA pratikriyA huI thI, usakA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki satI prathA ko lekara hindU aura jaina paramparA meM mUlabhUta antara hai| hindU paramparA jahA~ vidhavA strI ko pati kI citA ke sAtha jala jAne para jora detI hai vahIM jaina paramparA isakA niSedha karatA hai| yahA~ vidhavA strI ko bhikSuNI saMgha meM praveza karane ke lie protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai tathA unheM mAna-sammAna dene kI bharapUra koziza kI jAtI hai| dUsarI tarapha hindU paramparA meM bhI vidhavAoM ko vidhavA Azrama meM Azraya diyA jAtA hai, lekina yahA~ unheM usa taraha kA mAna-sammAna nahIM milatA hai jisa taraha kA jaina zramaNa saMgha meM jaina striyoM ko milatA hai| phalata: hindU vidhavAyeM vidhavA Azrama meM zaraNa nahIM lenA cAhatI haiN| dUsarA antara dhArmika vizvAsa se sambandhita hai| jaina paramparA jahA~ karma-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para vyaktigata mukti ko mAnatI hai vahI hindU paramparA vyaktigata mukti ke sAtha-sAtha itara mukti meM bhI vizvAsa karatI hai| hindU dharmagranthoM meM yaha likhA gayA hai ki vidhavA ke satI hone para mRta pati kI mukti, svayaM kI mukti tathA anya bandhu-bAndhavoM kI bhI mukti saMbhava hai, jabaki jaina graMthoM meM isakA abhAva hai| ataH hindU dharma meM satI prathA ke adhika pracalana kA ise eka sarvapramukha kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| .
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 199 Arthika pakSa aura satI prathA ___ satI hone kA eka kAraNa Arthika samasyA bhI rahI hai| aneka paristhitiyoM meM striyoM ko svArtha kI bedI para hI satI honA par3A hai| cAhe vaha svArtha kA stara pArivArika ho yA saamaajik| pArivArika stara para agara dRSTipAta karate haiM to pAte haiM ki vidhavA kI samasyA jo pahale usake pati kI samasyA thI aba usake parivAra kI samasyA hai| ina samasyAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie usake parivAravAloM ko mAnasika zArIrika evaM Arthika tInoM hI prakAra kI samasyAoM se avagata honA par3atA hai| inhIM samasyAoM se bacane ke lie strI ko satI hone ke lie vivaza kiyA jAtA hai| satI hone ke lie vivaza kie jAne para usake parivAravAloM ko bahuta se lAbha hote haiN| agara usake parivAra kI strI satI ho jAtI hai to andhavizvAsa se paripUrNa isa samAja meM usakA nAma to U~cA hogA hI, sAtha hI yaha kArya Arthika rUpa se lAbhakArI bhI hogaa| kyoMki saMbhava hai usake nAma para koI mandira banavA diye jAyeM, loga usakI pUjA karane lge| zraddhA evaM bhakti kA bhAva pradarzita karane ke lie dhana Adi kA car3hAvA bheMTa kreN| isase dhana aura mAna donoM kI hI sambhAvanA balavatI hotI hai| satI prathA ke pIche agara isa taraha kI bhAvanA hai to usakA kabhI bhI samarthana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| satItva rakSA evaM satI kI prAsaMgikatA vidhavA agara yaha socakara satI ho ki usakA pati mara gayA hai| aba use akele hI rahanA hogaa| akele hI use apane satItva kI rakSA karanI hogii| apanI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti bhI use svayaM karanI hogI, lekina yaha saba karane meM vaha sakSama nahIM ho pAegI, ho sakatA hai isa krama meM usako satItva ke bhaMga ho jAne kA bhaya ho tathA vaha yaha bhI vicAra kare ki Aja taka jisake sAtha rahA vaha aba nahIM hai, ata: anta samaya meM use apane pati kA sAtha nahIM chor3anA cAhie, use apane pati ke sAtha hI rahanA cAhie to isa dRSTikoNa se vaha strI icchApUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa kara sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se vaha mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie svatantra hai| samAdhimaraNa aura jauhara satIprathA kI bhA~ti jauhara bhI svecchApUrvaka dehatyAga kI vidhi hai| madhyakAlIna bhArata meM rAjapUta (hindU) rAjAoM kI patniyoM dvArA kiye gaye jauhara ke aneka udAharaNa milate haiM jauhara kI isa prathA meM striyA~ sAmUhika rUpa se apane zarIra ko agni meM samarpita
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________________ 200 samAdhimaraNa karake prANatyAga kiyA karatI thiiN| jauhara tabhI kiyA jAtA thA jaba yaha nizcita ho jAtA thA ki aba prANarakSA ke badale apane dharma, apane satItva ko khonA pdd'egaa| aisI hI vikaTa paristhiti meM striyA~ sAmUhika rUpa se agnikuMDa meM jalakara apane prANatyAga karatI thiiN| samAdhimaraNa meM bhI dharmarakSArtha apane dehatyAga kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai aura jauhara meM bhI inhIM paristhitiyoM meM dehatyAga kiyA jAtA thaa| donoM hI paristhitiyoM meM svecchApUrvaka dharmarakSArtha dehatyAga kiyA jAtA hai / kintu aisA nahIM hai ki donoM samAna haiN| ina para paryApta cintana kI apekSA hai| jauhara kI prathA kA pracalana mukhya rUpa se madhyakAla meM rAjasthAna meM rhaa| isa dizA meM ToDa mahodaya ne apanI pustaka Annals of Atiquities of Rajasthan meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| ve likhate haiM ki rAjapUta striyA~ apamAnita aura patita hone kI apekSA svayaM ko Aga meM jalAkara mAra denA adhika upayukta samajhatI thIM / 26 usa samaya AkrAntAoM dvArA choTe-choTe rAjyoM para AkramaNa kiye jAte the| vijita pradezoM para vijayI rAjA aura unakI senA dvArA taraha-taraha ke julma DhAye jAte the| prAyaH julma kA zikAra vahA~ kI striyoM ko honA par3atA thaa| unheM daihika evaM yauna utpIr3ana kI asahya vedanA ke sAtha-sAtha dAsatA kI amAnuSika paristhitiyoM kA bhI samAnA karanA par3atA thA / ataH una yAtanAoM se bacane ke lie rAjapUta puruSa jIvana ke aMtima kSaNa taka saMgharSa karate the tathA striyA~ jauhara karake apane prANa kA tyAga karatI thiiN| DaoN0 upendra ThAkura kA mAnanA hai ki jauhara jaisI hI prathA kA pracalana roma aura grIsa meM bhI thaa| ve likhate haiM ki vahA~ ke nivAsI ajAtIya apamAna, yauna utpIr3ana tathA usI taraha ke anya vikaTa paristhitiyoM se bacane ke lie Aga meM jalakara tathA amAnya vidhiyoM se apane prANoM kA tyAga kiyA karate the / 27 parantu bhAratavarSa meM jauhara jaisI prathA kA itihAsa kAphI purAnA mAnA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM ko vizvAsa hai ki isa paramparA kA mUlAdhAra dakSa kI putrI satI dvArA kie gaye dehatyAga ko mAnA jA sakatA hai / 28 isI krama meM kucha logoM kA mata hai ki bhAratavarSa meM jauhara kA prAraMbha sikaMdara-AkramaNa (4thI zatI I. pU.) ke samaya se mAnA jA sakatA hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki sikaMdara bhArata AkramaNa ke samaya zivi, mAlava, kSudraka, jaise choTe-choTe gaNarAjyoM para AkramaNa karatA huA Age bar3ha rahA thaa| isI abhimAna ke tahata usane kisI zahara para bhI AkramaNa kiyA tathA use jIta liyaa| parAjaya kI sthiti tathA apamAna ke bhaya se bacane ke lie vahA~ ke 20 hajAra puruSoM, striyoM tathA baccoM ne sAmUhika rUpa se Aga meM jalakara dehatyAga kiyaa| yahI sAmUhika AtmadAha bhArata meM jauhara ke nAma se prasiddha huA / 29 madhyakAla meM
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 201 yaha rAjapUtAne meM vikasita huA, lekina mugala saltanata ke vighaTana ke bAda isa prathA , ... kA bhI anta ho gyaa| ___ jahA~ taka jauhara ke aitihAsika sAkSya kI bAta hai to isa dizA meM cittaur3a ke rANA ratanasiMha kI rAnI padminI ke sAtha anya striyoM dvArA kiyA gayA jauhara kAphI prasiddha hai| yadyapi yaha kathAnaka vibhinna taraha ke vivAdoM se paripardo mAnA jAtA hai tathA itihAsakAra isa para samAna mata nahIM rakhate haiM, lekina use jauhara kI bhAvanA ko samajhanevAlA eka jIvanta aitihAsika sAkSya mAnA jA sakatA hai| rAnI padminI ko apanI kathAnaka kA AdhAra banAkara malika muhammada jAyasI ne 1540 I0 meM padminI nAmaka mahAkAvya likhaa| isa mahAkAvya meM padminI ke jIvana kI yaha kathA likhI gaI hai ki dillI kA sultAna alAuddIna khilajI use pAne ke lie hI cittaur3a gayA thaa| isa mahAkAvya meM rAnI padminI ke jIvana ke sAtha jur3I vibhinna ghaTanAoM kA hRdayaspazI varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM alAuddIna kI kUTanIti, rAjapUta yoddhAoM ke zaurya evaM parAkrama tathA padminI ke AtmadAha kA jIvana citra khIMcA gayA hai|30 - adhikAMza itihAsakAra isa mata kA pratipAdana karate haiM ki padminI ke rUpa kI mahaka hI alAuddIna ke caMcala mana ke citere ko cittaur3a khIMca lAI / zaktisampanna vaha madAMdha, kAmI sundaratA kI isa pratimUrti ko pAne ke lie vyAkula ho utthaa| alAuddIna ne rANA ratanasiMha ko likha bhejA ki apanI rUpamatI rAnI padminI ko usake harama meM bheja de| isake badale meM vaha cittaur3a ko svataMtra rAjya mAna legaa| rANA ne usake isa prastAva ko ThukarA diyA aura donoM ke bIca yuddha huaa| alAuddIna apanI vizAla senA ke sAtha cittaur3a para AkramaNa karane ke lie nikala pdd'aa| DA~ gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA ne apanI pustaka rAjapUtAne ke itihAsa meM isa sainika abhiyAna kA varNana vistAra se kiyA hai| vIra rAjapUta sainikoM ne apane nAyaka rANA ratanasiMha ke netRtva meM sultAna ke viruddha jamakara saMgharSa kiyaa| bAda meM dhokhe se rAjA ratanasiMha ko kaida kara liyA gayA, taba usakI rAnI padminI ne bar3I vIratA evaM kuzalatA se yuddha kA saMcAlana kiyaa| bAda meM san 1303 I0 meM rAnI padminI ne hajAroM striyoM ke sAtha Aga meM jalakara prANotsarga kiyaa|32 isI prakAra kI ghaTanA jaisalamera rAjya meM ghaTita huI jaba vahA~ alAuddIna ne AkramaNa kiyaa| isa AkramaNa ke kAraNa vahA~ kI 24 hajAra striyoM ne navajAta zizuoM evaM vRddhoM ke sAtha jauhara kiyaa|23 , rANA sAMgA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt pAnIpata ke prathama yuddha (1526 I0) ke kucha
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________________ 202 samAdhimaraNa samaya bAda bahAdura zAha ne cittaur3a para AkramaNa kiyA rAjapUta yoddhAoM ne samarabhUmi meM apanI vIratA aura bahAdurI kA paricaya diyaa| ve jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM taka duzmanoM ke phauja se jamakara lar3ate rhe| jaba unheM yaha anubhava hone lagA ki aba unakI parAjaya sunizcita hai taba isa Azaya kA saMketa kile meM gupta rIti se pahu~cAyA gyaa| isa saMketa ke AdhAra para yuvarAja arjuna hara kI mAtA karNAvatI ke netRtva meM yuvarAja kI bahaneM tathA 13 hajAra rAjapUta striyoM ne jauhara ke mAdhyama se AtmadAha kiyaa|24 samrATa akabara ke mAravAr3a abhiyAna ke samaya bhI rAjapUta striyoM ne jauhara kiyA thaa| akabara ke isa abhiyAna kA varNana itihAsakAroM ne isa prakAra kiyA hai- jaba akabara ne mAravAr3a para AkramaNa kiyA tathA kile kI gherAbaMdI ko taMga karanA zurU kiyA usa samaya kile meM jIvanopayogI sAmagrI kA abhAva hone lgaa| aise samaya meM ATha hajAra rAjapUta vIroM ne eka sAtha milakara pAna kA aMtima bIr3A khAyA aura bhUmi meM aMtima saMgharSa hetu jAne ko udyata hue| kile kA daravAjA khola diyA gyaa| sabhI tahara kI upayogI vastuoM ko naSTa kiyA jAne lgaa| rAjya ke navaratna, pA~ca rAniyA~, unakI putriyA~, do navajAta zizu tathA parivAra evaM sambhrAMta kuloM kI mahilAoM ne eka sAtha agnikuMDa meM jalakara apane prANoM kA utsarga kiyaa|35 __ agara hama jauhara kI ina ghaTanAoM aura kathAnakoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM jhAMkakara dekheM to hamAre samakSa kucha aise bindu upasthita hoMge jo inake pIche chipI huI bhAvanAoM ko samajhAne ke lie AdhArabindu kA kAma kara sakate haiN| yahA~ kucha vivecya binduoM ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai jisakI AzaMkA se striyA~ jauhara karake apane deha kA tyAga karatI thiiN| ye bindu haiM - 1. zIla bhaMga kI AzaMkA ke kAraNa, 2. gulAmI kI dAsatA se bacane ke lie 3. apamAna kI parAkASThA se mukti pAne ke lie, 4. dharma bhraSTatA se bacane ke lie 5. prANotsarga ke atirikta anya koI aura mArga zeSa nahIM rahane kI sthiti meN| vastuta: uparyukta sAre tathya icchAoM dvArA saMcAlita mAne jA sakate haiM tathA inake pIche bhAvanAtmaka vicArabindu bhI chipe ho sakate haiN| isa prakAra jauhara ko icchitamaraNa kA hI eka rUpa mAnA jA sakatA hai, jo tIvra bhAvanAtmaka Avega ke vazIbhUta hokara grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| parantu usa bhAvanAtmaka Avega meM bhI dharma aura zIlarakSA kI bhAvanA hI pramukha hai| prAyaH isI bhAvAvega kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa jauhara kI prakriyA ko prazaMsanIya dRSTi se dekhA jAtA rahA hai, kyoMki bhAratIya cintana meM dharma kI bedI para dehatyAga ko sadaiva
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 203 prazaMsanIya vRtti ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI paramparA rahI hai| bhAratIya manISiyoM ne sadaiva yaha udghoSa kiyA hai ki zIlarakSA, dharmarakSA hetu agara apane prANoM kA balidAna denA par3e to ise saharSa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye bAteM mAtra cintana meM hI nahIM milatIM balki ise vyavahAra rUpa meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya dharmagranthoM meM isa bali kI vedI para apane prANoM ko nyochAvara kara dene ke asaMkhya udAharaNa mila jAte haiN| jahA~ taka jauhara evaM samAdhimaraNa kI tulanA kA prazna hai to donoM ko samakakSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| lekina jauhara ko dharmapUrvaka dehatyAga kA eka rUpa avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai aura isa rUpa meM yaha samAdhimaraNa ke sAtha tulanIya ho sakatA hai, kyoMki apavAdika paristhati meM bAhya vidhiyoM kI sahAyatA se prANAnta karane kA dRSTAMta jaina granthoM meM bhI milatA hai aura ise samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA ko khaMDita karanevAlA dehatyAga nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| jauhara evaM usakI svatantratA satItva kI rakSA ke lie sAmUhika rUpa se striyoM kA agni meM svecchApUrvaka jala kara marane kA nAma jauhara hai| jauhara koI strI usI samaya karatI thI jaba use yaha vidita ho jAtA thA ki usake rAjya yA nagara ke samasta puruSa yuddha kI balidevI para bheMTa car3ha gae haiM aura aba AkramaNakArI sampUrNa dhana-sampatti ke sAtha usakA bhI upabhoga kreNg| isI prakAra kI ghaTanA jaisalamera rAjya meM ghaTita huI jaba vahA~ alAuddIna ne AkramaNa kiyaa| isa AkramaNa ke kAraNa vahA~ kI 24 hajAra striyoM ne navajAta zizuoM evaM vRddhoM . ke sAtha jauhara kiyaa| ata: mAtra satItva kI rakSA ke lie hI striyA~ jauhara karatI thiiN| isa dRSTikoNa se jauhara karane ke lie samasta striyA~ svatantra haiM, kyoMki sabhI ko apanI pavitratA kI rakSA karane kA adhikAra hai| kisI kAraNavaza use apanI pavitratA kI rakSA ke lie dehatyAga karanA par3e to isake lie vaha svatantra hai| yahA~ eka prazna uTha khar3A hotA hai ki mAtra striyoM ko hI kyoM jauhara karanA cAhie? pratyuttara meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki jahA~ puruSoM para balAtkAra sambhava nahIM hai, vahIM striyoM para yaha sambhava hai| isI kAraNa striyA~ jauhara evaM satI prathA ko apanAtI haiN| maraNadAna kA prazna - vartamAna samaya meM maraNadAna eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| maraNadAna kA tAtparya isa rUpa meM hai ki asahya vedanA se evaM anivArya mRtyu ke kAraNa se grasta vyakti ko kyA koI maraNadAna nahIM de sakatA hai? kyA maraNadAna denevAlA vyakti yA svayaM maraNadAna / For Private & Personal Use only ..
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________________ 204 samAdhimaraNa cAhanevAlA vyakti aparAdhI hai ? kyA isakI svatantratA nahIM hai ? isa prazna para kAkA kAlelakara ne gahana adhyayana kiyA aura likhA ki bhUkhe ko anna denA, pyAse ko pAnI denA, thake hue ko ArAma denA, Dare hue ko abhayadAna denA, zaraNAgata ko Azraya denA Adi sevA ke bhAva haiM aura prazaMsanIya haiN| yadi kisI jIva kA jIvana asahya ho jAe, usake jIne kA koI artha nahIM raha jAe, maranA usake lie anivArya ho jAe to kyA vaha svayaM yA kisI kI sahAyatA se maraNa nahIM kara sakatA hai? kyA use maraNa meM sahAyatA denevAlA yA svayaM vaha aparAdhI hai ? kAkA sAheba ne isakA samarthana kiyA hai aura eka udAharaNa kI sahAyatA se maraNadAna ko spaSTa kiyA- "kisI vyakti ko kuSTha roga ho gayA thaa| taraha-taraha ke ilAja karAne para bhI usakA roga ThIka nahIM huA / kuSTha roga usake sAre zarIra meM phaila gyaa| hAthapA~va, nAka-kAna, A~kha Adi sabhI aMga akSama ho ge| usakI sevA karanevAle loga thaka ge| apanI isa sthiti se duHkhI hokara usa asahAya vyakti ne DAkTara se kahA- aba mere jIne kA kyA matalaba rahA? merA yaha vedanApUrNa nirarthaka jIvana kisa kAma kA rahA? kyA aise ghRNita jIvana se mukti dilAnA tumhArA kartavya nahIM hai? kyA tuma mujhe maraNadAna nahIM de sakate ho ? isa sthiti meM agara tuma maraNadAna nahIM doge to kyA yaha tumhArI mere prati kaThoratA nahIM hogii| aba prazna yaha hai ki isa sthiti meM usa cikitsaka kA kyA kartavya hai ? kyA vaha usa vyakti ko maraNadAna dekara use usake kaSToM se mukta kara de yA use yUM hI kaSTa sahana karane ke lie chor3a de| aise prazna ko lekara merI to yahI dhAraNA hai ki cikitsaka ko usa samaya usa marIja ko maraNadAna denA cAhie, kyoMki yaha vidita ho cukA hai ki vaha (marIja) maranevAlA hai| usakA roga ThIka nahIM honevAlA hai| ata: ahiMsA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara use maraNadAna denA cAhie, kyoMki kahA bhI gayA hai ki bAra-bAra kI hiMsA kI apekSA eka bAra kI hiMsA adhika ThIka hotI hai| marIja ko vedanA se pIr3ita kaSToM ke kAraNa hara samaya karAhate rahane se cikitsaka pratikSaNa hiMsA hI karatA hai / ata: vaha use maraNadAna dekara pratikSaNa honevAlI hiMsA ko roka sakatA hai| eka bAra mahAtmA gA~dhI ne kisI roga se pIr3ita asahya vedanA se grasta bachar3e ko mRtyudAna diyaa| unake isa kRtya para kAphI vivAda bhI huA thaa| isake sambandha meM jaba unase pUchA gayA ki Apane aisA kyoM kiyA ? pratyuttara meM unhoMne kahA ki pAlatU jAnavara hamArA prema samajha sakatA hai| vaha hamase prema karatA bhI hai| lekina na to vaha apanI paristhiti pUrI taraha samajha sakatA hai aura na vicArapUrvaka apanA abhiprAya vyakta kara sakatA hai| jisa taraha choTe bacce kisI cIja ko nahIM samajhate haiM aura usake bAre meM unake
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 205 mAM-bApa yA pAlaka ko hI saba kucha karanA hotA hai, ThIka usI taraha pAlatU jAnavaroM ke bAre meM bhI usake mAlika yA pAlaka kA kartavya hotA hai| yahA~ hama ThIka se vicAra kareM to eka hI bAta pAte haiM ki gA~dhI jI ne mAtra vedanA se chuTakAre ke lie hI bachar3e ko maraNadAna diyaa| unheM jaba yaha jJAna ho gayA ki yaha bachar3A marane se baca nahI paaegaa| apane roga kI pIr3A ko vaha sahana nahIM kara pA rahA hai| bolane kI zakti nahIM rahane ke kAraNa apanI vedanA ko zabdoM meM vyakta nahIM kara pA rahA hai| ataH aisI sthiti meM usake pAlanakartA kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha usa bachar3e ko usa asahya vedanA se mukti dilAe / gA~dhI jI ne bhI usa bachar3e ko asahya vedanA se mukti dilAkara apane kartavya kI itizrI kI, kyoMki unheM cikitsakoM ne yaha pahale hI batA diyA thA ki yaha bachar3A marane se bacegA nahIM / mRtyudAna kI isa carcA kA yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki anivArya tathA asAdhya, asahya vedanA se pIr3ita vyakti ko usakI vedanA se mukti dilAnevAlA tathA usa vedanA se mukti pAnevAlA aparAdhI nahIM hai| isa taraha kA maraNadAna pAnevAlA vyakti mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie svatantra hai / samakAlIna jaina vicAraka AcArya mahAprajJa ne vyakti ke aicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke prazna para tarkapUrNa DhaMga se apane vicAra pratipAdita kie haiN| unake anusAra pahAr3a se lur3hakakara, jala meM DUbakara Aga meM jalakara, phA~sI ke phande para jhUlakara vyakti AtmahatyA kara letA hai| isa vidhi se prApta maraNa kabhI bhI iSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki isake pIche bhAvanA samIcIna nahIM hotii| Avega aura uttejanA se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha vyakti aura samAja donoM ke lie ahitakara hai| vartamAna samaya meM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke kSetra meM aneka prazna uTha khar3e hue haiN| pahalA prazna hai AtmahatyA kA dUsarA satI hone kA, tIsarA rAjanItika stara para anazana kA aura cauthA dhArmika stara para anazana kA / maraNAtmaka ghaTanA saba meM samAna hai| kyA uddezya kI dRSTi se bhI saba samAna hai ? inakI parIkSA ke lie sirpha eka hI upAya hai, jisa dehatyAga kI pRSThabhUmi meM uddezya kI pUrti pradhAna hai aura maraNa prAsaMgika hai, mana zAnta, prazAnta aura samAdhipUrNa hai, kisI taraha kA Avega, saMvega, udvega, uttejanA Adi nahI hai, vaha dehatyAga prazasta hai aura isake lie pratyeka vyakti svatantra hai| ve punaH kahate haiM ki AtmadAha ko bhI ukta kasauTI para kaseM / kyA usake pIche rAgAtmaka aura dveSAtmaka saMvega jur3A huA nahIM hai aura yadi nahIM hai to kyA AtmadAha kI apekSA sAdhanA kA saumyamArga nahIM apanAyA jA sakatA hai ? rAjanItika stara para kie jAnevAle anazana meM kyA Atmazodhana kI bhAvanA hai? yadi hai to usake uddezya kA vicAra apekSita hai| jisa anazana meM uddezya prazasta aura Atmazuddhi donoM hote haiM, usa anazana
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________________ 206 samAdhimaraNa ko prazasta mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhAvukatAvaza vyakti AtmadAha yA satI prathA tathA dhArmika anazana ko eka dharAtala para rakhatA hai| ina donoM ko eka hI dharAtala para rakhA jA sakatA hai, lekina anazana ko Aveza se prerita nahIM honA caahie| kyoMki Aveza se rahita hone ke kAraNa hI anazana aura satIprathA alaga-alaga hai| Aveza ke vaza meM hI vyakti jahara Adi khAkara mara jAtA hai| lekina isa sthiti meM bhI vyakti mRtyu ke bhaya se mukta nahIM ho pAtA hai| isa taraha ke maraNa ke lie vyakti svatantra nahI haiM, kyoMki mRtyuvaraNa kI svatantratA ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti Aveza se rahita tathA mRtyu bhaya se mukta rhe| jaba taka vaha Avezamukta aura mRtyubhaya se mukta nahIM rahatA hai, vaha mRtyuvaraNa ke lie svatantra nahIM hai| aicchika mRtyuvaraNa ke adhikAra kA aucitya uparyukta carcAoM ke bAda aba hamAre samakSa eka prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA vyakti ko icchApUrvaka marane kA adhikAra milanA caahie| yadi hA~ to kyoM? aura yadi nahIM to kyoM nahIM ? isa prazna para agara vicAra kareM to hama pAyeMge ki yadi manuSya ko apanI icchAnusAra mRtyuvaraNa kA adhikAra de diyA jAe arthAt ise kAnUnI rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kara diyA jAe to isake do rUpa hamAre sAmane upasthita hogeN| prathama to yaha ki isase asAdhya roga se pIr3ita, dUsaroM kI dayA para Azrita evaM azakta tathA tila-tila kara marate hue vyaktiyoM ke lie yaha eka sukhamaya mRtyu hogii| dUsare isase jIvana meM nirAzAvAdI pravRtti ko protsAhana milegA evaM isa sukhamaya mRtyu ke pIche svArthI tattvoM kI gupta icchA pUrti bhI ho sakatI hai| ata: isa samasyA para gaharAI se vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| Adhunika sandarbho ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue isake pakSa tathA vipakSa meM kucha tarka dekara isake aucitya kA samAdhAna prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| Adhunika yuga jeTa evaM kampyUTara kA yuga kahalA rahA hai| isa yuga meM mAnava samaya kI gati ko bhI pIche chor3a dene ko taiyAra hai arthAt usake pAsa itanA samaya nahIM hai ki vaha samAja ke una vargoM para dhyAna de sake jo zArIrika rUpa se yA to pUrNata: vikalAMga haiM athavA aise rogoM se pIr3ita haiM jinakA upacAra hI nahIM hai| aise logoM ko jIvita rakhanA, vAstava meM unheM yAtanA pradAna karanA hai arthAt aise logoM ko mRtyuvaraNa karane kA vaidha adhikAra milanA hI caahie| parantu yahA~ hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki agara aisA hone lage to manuSyoM meM
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 207 antima kSaNa taka saMgharSa karane kI kSamatA kA lopa ho jaaegaa| sAtha hI Aja jo roga asAdhya hai vaha kala sAdhya bhI ho sakatA hai? phira itanI jaldI parAjaya svIkAra karane kA to koI aucitya hI nahIM jAna par3atA / Aja pUre vizva meM anacAhe garbha se mukti prApta karanA vaidha ghoSita kiyA jA cukA hai| jaba hamane usa jIva se binA anumati lie hI use samApta karane kA adhikAra prApta kara liyA hai, to phira svayaM ke jIvana ke prati ye adhikAra kyoM nahIM prApta ho sakatA hai? yadi svecchA se mRtyuvaraNa kI vaidhatA pradAna kara dI gayI to vyakti meM ghora nirAzAvAdI pravRtti ghara kara legii| isake atirikta vibhinna taraha ke jaTila rogoM ke nidAna hetu jo anusandhAna evaM zodha kArya hote haiM yA ho rahe haiM unameM zizilatA A jaaegii| sambhava hai koI nayI khoja ho hI nhiiN| isase mAnava samudAya ko apAra kaSTa hone kI sambhAvanA hai| eka duHkhI evaM asAdhya roga se pIr3ita vyakti ko sukhamaya mRtyu athavA kaSTaprada jIvana meM se kisI eka ko cayana karane kA adhikAra milanA hI caahie| yadi vartamAna kA auSadhi vijJAna bhI rogI kI sahAyatA karane meM akSama ho evaM rogI kI mRtyu honI nizcita hai, to vyakti ko kaSTapUrvaka marate dekhane kA kyA aucitya hai? aise rogagrasta vyaktiyoM ko svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa karane kA adhikAra milanA hI cAhie aura yaha ucita bhI hai| kintu kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka ora kaiMsara tathA isI taraha ke anya asAdhya rogoM ko sAdhya karane kI dizA meM zodhakArya cala rahe haiM tathA mAnava ke mana meM AzA kI jyoti prajvalita karane ke prayAsa kie jA rahe haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora svecchA se mRtyuvaraNa sadRza kuNThita vicAradhArAoM ko protsAhana dene kA koI aucitya nahIM hai| jhUThe camatkAroM kI AzA dilAkara kisI maraNAsanna vyakti ko jIvita rakhanA, usake sAtha vizvAsaghAta karane jaisA hai| manuSya ko svayaM usake apane jIvana para to adhikAra honA hI caahie| manuSya isa prakRti kI zreSThatama racanA hai evaM use samApta karane kA adhikAra prakRti ke atirikta anya kisI ko nahIM hai, svayaM usa manuSya ko bhI nhiiN| jaba hama kisI ko jIvana nahIM de sakate haiM, to hame jIvana lene kA adhikAra bhI nahIM hai| kisI prajJAzUnya vyakti athavA eDsa jaise bhISaNa roga (yaha roga aisA hai, jisakA abhI taka nidAna sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai) isa roga se grasita vyakti kI anya rogoM se
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________________ 208 samAdhimaraNa lar3ane kI pratirodhaka kSamatA samApta ho jAtI hai tathA usakI mRtyu nizcita rUpa se ho jAtI hai| isa grasita vyakti ko jIvita rakhane se kyA lAbha? yadi yaha jIvita raha bhI gayA to kitane samaya taka ? agara vaha dIrghakAla taka jIvita raha gayA to anya vyaktiyoM ko bhI apane roga kA zikAra banA legaa| ataH aise vyakti ko svecchA se marane kA adhikAra milanA caahie| agara vaha svecchApUrvaka apanA prANAnta karanA cAhatA hai to isa kArya ke . lie use nahIM rokanA cAhie, kyoMki yaha to samAja sevA kA eka rUpa hogaa| lekina yadi aisA ho gayA to samAja meM bhArI viSamatA vyApta ho jaaegii| asahAya, vRddha evaM nirdhana vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu meM ekAeka vRddhi ho jaaegii| AtmahatyA ke prakaraNa bar3ha jaayeNge| itanA hI nahIM arAjakatattvoM ko arAjakatA (hatyA) phailAne kA isase sundara bahAnA aura kyA milegA ? svecchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa kI isa carcA ke bAda niSkarSa rUpa meM koI eka mata denA sambhava nahIM hai| phira bhI isa dizA meM eka prayAsa avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| kucha aparihArya evaM prasaMgayukta paristhitiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vyakti ko kucha sImA taka icchApUrvaka mRtyuvaraNa karane kA adhikAra diyA jA sakatA hai| ye paristhitiyA~ ho sakatI haiM - 1. atyadhika zArIrika durbalatA, 2 . brahmacarya kI rakSA / 1. zArIrika durbalatA ke kaI kAraNa ho sakate haiM-- atyadhika vRddhAvasthA, asAdhya roga, aindrika evaM snAyugata zithilatA Adi / ina paristhitiyoM meM vyakti apanA kArya ThIka se nahI kara pA rahA ho| apane samasta kAryoM ke lie kisI anya para Azrita ho| jisa para vaha Azrita ho usane isa sthiti meM usakA sAtha chor3a diyA ho| isI prakAra asahAya, apaMga vyakti ke sAmane rojI-roTI tathA anya bahuta sI samasyAyeM upasthita ho gayI hoN| aura ina samasyAoM kI pUrti ke lie usane sabhI taraha ke prayatna kiye, lekina saphalatA nahIM milii| aisI paristhiti meM vaha vyakti kyA kareM ? vaha cAha kara bhI jIvita nahIM raha paaegaa| to kyA use aicchika mRtyuvaraNa kI svatantratA nahIM hai? yadi vaha icchApUrvaka apanA dehatyAga karatA hai to kyA usakA yaha dehatyAga galata hai ? nahIM, kyoMki usane jIne kA bharapUra prayAsa kiyaa| jaba use yaha vidita ho gayA ki aba jInA muzkila hai, jIne kA koI upayoga nahIM hai aura yadi vaha anta meM AtmamaraNa karatA hai, to yaha galata nahIM haiN| aisI sthiti meM vyakti mRtyuvaraNa karane ke lie svatantra hai| 2. dUsarI sthiti hai brahmacarya yA satItva kI rakSA ke lie prANatyAga karanA / sarvaprathama hama yaha vicAra kareM ki kisI strI ke pati kI mRtyu ho gayI hai / usa vidhavA
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________________ samAdhimaraNa evaM aicchika mRtyuvaraNa 209 strI ke parivAravAle use hara taraha se pratAr3ita karate haiN| bhojana, vastra, sambandhI samasyAeM paidA karate haiN| vaha strI ina samasta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisI taraha kara letI hai| punaH usa strI ko zArIrika tathA mAnasika kaSTa diyA jAtA hai / vaha isa pratAr3anA ko bhI sahana karatI hai| aba usa strI ke satItva para prahAra karane kA prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha strI apanI zakti bhara isase bacane kA prayAsa karatI hai| lekina jaba vaha apane satItva kI rakSA ke prayAsa meM saphala nahIM ho pAtI hai yA use yaha jJAta hone lagatA hai ki aba vaha usameM kisI bhI taraha se saphala nahIM ho pAyegI to kyA use aicchika mRtyuvaraNa karane kA adhikAra hai? aisI paristhiti meM usa strI ko aicchika mRtyUvaraNa karane kA adhikAra hai aura isake lie vaha svatantra bhI hai| kyoMki dharma meM patita hone kI apekSA dehatyAga karake dharma kI rakSA karanA uttama hai| isa paristhiti meM dehatyAga karane ke lie vaha kauna sI vidhi yA sAdhana kA prayoga karatI hai yaha samaya aura avasara para nirbhara karatA hai| saMdarbha : 2. - 5 7. darzana aura cintana (khaNDa-2), pR0-533-34, paM0 sukhalAlajI saMghavI, sanmAna samiti, gujarAta vidhAnasabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957. bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra, sUtra 1,2. kauzika gRhyasUtra, 5,3,6, evaM vize0 draSTavya-atharvaveda 18,3,1-2. mRte bhartari brahmacarya tadanvArohajaM vA / / -viSNudharmasUtra, 25, 14. vRhaspati smRti 25, 11. mRtaM bhartArmAdAya brAhmaNIvahinmAviMzet / jIvantI cetyaktakezA tapasA zoSayedvapuH // vyAsasmRti, uddhRta-hisTrI oNpha dharmazAstra, kANe, bhAga- 2, 53. kulatrayaM punAtyeSA bhartAraM yA nugacchati // mitAkSarI, 86. yA strI mRtaM piraSvajya dagdhA ceddhvyvaahne| sA bhatRlokamApnoti ........ sAdhvInAmiha naariigaamgniprptnaahte| nAnyo dho'sti vijJeyo mRte bhartari kutrcit| vaiSNavaM patimAdAya yA dagdhA hvyvaahne| sA vaiSNavapadaM yAti yatra gacchanti yoginH| uddhRta- dharmazAstra saMgraha, jIvAnaMda pR0-395, kalakattA, 1986. mRte bhartari yA nArI samArohe taashnm| sA bhavettu zubhAcArA svargaloke mhiiyte|| dakSasmRti, 4/33. 9.
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________________ 210 parAzarasmRti, 159. vahI, 160 10. mRte bharttari yA nArI brahmacaryye vyavasthitA / sA mRtA labhate svargaM yathA sad brahmacAriNaH / / byAlagrAhI yathA byAlaM vilAduddharate balAt / evamuddhRtya bharttAraM tenaiva saha modate / / 11. nizIthacUrNi, bhAga 2, pR0 59-60 evaM vahI bhAga 4, pR0 - 14. 12. mahAnizItha, pR0 - 29. 13. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga-1, pR0 - 318. 14. jaina Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM nArI kI sthiti kA mUlyAMkana, pro0 sAgaramala jaina, uddhRta - zramaNI, pR0 - 138, zrI jaina zvetAmbara kharataragaccha saMgha, jayapura, 1989. 15. anuttaraupapAtikadazA meM bhadrA sArthavAha kA ullekha hai, lekina usake pati aura putra kA spaSTa vivaraNa nahIM milatA hai| samAdhimaraNa 18. dekheM, anuttaraupapAtikadazA, pariziSTa TippaNI, pR0- 65. 16. uttArAdhyayananiyukti pR0 136-140. 17. Avazyakaniryukti, 1283 AvazyakacUrNi bhAga- 2, pR0 - 183. 19. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/4 21. zrI solaha satI, pR0- 1-5. 23. vahI, pR0 - 182 20. vahI, 1/16. 22. vahI, pR0 - 6-12. 2.4. vahI, pR0 - 65-91. 25. mantrivyo lalitAdevI saur3havo anazanena mamratuH / prabandhakoSa, pR0 129. 26. The loss of the battle or the capture of a city in a signal to avoid captivity and its horrors. which to the Rajaputana (Rajauta Ldies) are worse than death. Annals and Autiquities of Rajasthan, Todd, Vol- I, PP 215, 249, 273, 507; Vol- II, pp. 200, 609, etc. Madras 1873, 1880 27. History of Suicide in India, P-164. 28. athAvamAnena pituH prayuktA dakSasyakanyAbhavapUrvapatnI satI satI yogavisRSTadehA tAM janmane zailavadhUM prapede / sA bhUdharANAmadhipena tasyAM samAdhimatyAmudapAdi bhavyA, samyak prayogAdaparikSatAyAM nItAvivAhotsAhaguNena saMpat / kumArasaMbhava, I, 21-22 29. History of suicide in India, P-165. 32. 33. 34. 35. 30. rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, DaoN0 bI0 ema0 divAkara, pR0-89-90. 31. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa (bhAga - 2) DaoN0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA, 68, vaidika yaMtrAlaya, ajamera / rAjasthAna kA itihAsa, divAkara, pR0-88. " lbid. Vol II. pp 200-1. Annals of Antiasities of Rajasthan, vol I, P 215. lbld, Vol. I. P. 215. pR0-463
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________________ upasaMhAra manuSya ne jIvana ko jitanI gaharAI se samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai, mRtyu ko utanI gaharAI se kabhI samajhane kI ceSTA nahIM kI hai| mRtyu ke viSaya meM vaha digbhramita rahA hai| mRtyu kyoM AtI hai? mRtyu kyA hai? mRtyu kA AnA kisa prakAra hotA hai ? ityAdi kucha aise prazna haiM jinakI bhayAvahatA se vaha niraMtara trasta rahatA hai| 'mRtyu' zabda hI use apriya lagatA hai| vaha isase kisI taraha kI prIti nahIM rakhanA cAhatA hai| isakA kAraNa kyA ho sakatA hai? agara hama isa prazna para vicAra kareM to pAyeMge ki mRtyu jIvana kA anta hai aura yaha alagAva kA dyotaka hai| yaha prANI ko usake prANoM se jIvana ko alaga kara detI hai| jIvana sabhI ko priya hotA hai aura priya vastu se koI bhI alaga nahIM honA caahtaa| lekina hameM yaha yAda rakhanA hogA ki jisa taraha se sUryodaya ke bAda sUryAsta hotA hai, dina ke bAda rAta AtI hai usI taraha jIvana ke bAda mRtyu AtI hai| yaha eka krama hai jo avirAma gati se pravAhamAna hotA rahatA hai| yahA~ prazna ho sakatA hai ki vyakti kyoM mRtyu se bhaya khAtA rahatA hai? kyA sUryodaya ke bAda sUryAsta hone para vaha Dara jAtA hai? dina ke bAda rAta kA Agamana use bhayabhIta kara detI hai? agara nahIM to phira mRtyu kA hI bhaya kyoM? jisa prakAra sUryodayasUryAsta, dina-rAta Adi ko eka krama mAnakara apanI dinacaryA nirdhArita karake sukhapUrvaka jIvana bitAyA jAtA hai, ThIka usI taraha jIvana-mRtyu ko eka-dUsare kA paryAya mAnakara kyoM nahI nirbhaya jIvana bitAyA jAe ? khaira ! yaha kaha denA aura likha denA jitanA AsAna hai isa para amala karanA utanA hI jyAdA kaThina kArya hai| jAnate-samajhate hue bhI manuSya mRtyu se DaratA hai aura kahatA rahatA hai maraNa samaM natthi bhy| mRtyu ke samAna dUsarA koI bhaya nahIM hai| bhayaH sImA mRtyuH - sabase bar3A aura antima bhaya hai- mRtyu! sAdhAraNataH manuSya kisI duHkha se ghabarAkara vyAkula hokara, nirAza aura hatAza hokara kaha uThatA hai- isa jIne se to mara jAnA hI acchA hai| kabhI-kabhI jIvana se usako itanI nirAzA ho jAtI hai ki bhagavAn ke sAmane mauta bhI mA~gane lagatA hai - "he ! bhagavAn mujhe mauta do ! prabho aba mujhe uThA lo, aba maiM jInA nahIM cAhatA hU~' aadi| kintu kaba taka? jaba taka mauta sAmane nahI aataa| mauta ke Ane para to gir3agir3Akara bacane kA hI
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________________ 212 samAdhimaraNa prayAsa kiyA jAtA hai| Akhira aisA kyoM? eka kSaNa pUrva vyakti apanI mauta ke lie minnate karatA hai aura dUsare hI kSaNa vaha usase bacane ke lie minnate karatA najara AtA hai / yaha dvaita kyoM ? isa para gahanatA se cintana kI AvazyakatA hai| mRtyu kyA hai ? isa viSaya para vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki jo zarIra, indriyA~ Adi prApta hue haiN| unake sarvathA kSINa ho jAne kA nAma hI mRtyu hai| jaina matAnusAra dasa prANa batAe gae haiM- AyuSya, pA~ca indriya, mana, vacana, kAya, aura shvaasocchvaas-bl| ina dasa prANoM kA saMyoga janma hai aura inakA viyoga mRtyu hai / janma ke pazcAt aura mRtyu ke pUrva prANI AyuSyakarma kA pratikSaNa bhoga karatA rahatA hai / eka prakAra se vaha pratikSaNa AyuSya kI DorI ko kATatA rahatA hai, choTA karatA rahatA hai| isI ko hama jIvana kahate haiN| vAstava meM yaha pratikSaNa AyuSya kI Dora kA kaTanA prANI kI pratikSaNa honevAlI mRtyu kA hI sUcaka hai| lekina manuSya isa satya se anabhijJa hai aura jIvana ke moha se saMtrasta hokara mRtyurUpI vedanA kA kleza bhogatA rahatA hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki janma ke sAtha mRtyu prArambha ho jAtI hai| manuSya pratikSaNa maraNa ko prApta karatA rahatA hai| koI ise avIcimaraNa kahatA hai to koI nityamaraNa aura koI tdbhvmrnn| cAhe yaha kitane hI vividha nAmoM se pukArA jAe lekina itanA nizcita hai ki jise hama Ayu vRddhi kahate haiM, vaha vastuta: vRddhi nahIM hrAsa hai, mRtyu kI ora bar3hatA huA kadama hai| mRtyu kA pratikSaNa jIvana meM anubhava ho rahA hai, hama pratisamaya mRtyu kI ora jA rahe haiM arthAt maraNa kA anubhava kara rahe haiN| phira bhI hama usase bhayabhIta nahIM hote, ataH isI prakAra kI vRtti banAnI cAhie ki mRtyu kA pratiphala dekhate hue bhI hama nirbhaya bane raheM aura ye soce ki mRtyu koI naI vastu nahIM hai / mRtyu se bhayabhIta honevAle vyakti ke mana meM mRtyu kI bhrAnta dhAraNA ko hI uttaradAyI mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM vicAra karane para hamAre samakSa tIna kAraNa upasthita hote haiM - 1. jIvana ke prati Asakti, 2 . bhavAntara meM sadgati prApta karane yogya karma kA abhAva tathA 3. mRtyu sambandhI bhramapUrNa vicAra / ataH hame mRtyu se mukta hone ke lie mRtyu sambandhI bhramapUrNa vicAroM para cintana karane ke sAtha-sAtha bhayamukta hone ke lie samyak prayatna bhI karane hoNge| isa mRtyu bhaya ko dUra karane ke lie hameM sarvaprathama usakA svarUpa samajha lenA hogA ki yaha eka prakAra ke vastra parivartana kI bhA~ti hI deha parivartana hai| yaha eka avazyaMbhAvI bhAva hai- hama pratikSaNa mRtyu kI chAyA se gujara rahe haiM, isalie usase Darane kI koI bAta nahIM hai| jIvana meM satkarma, puNya, tapa-dhyAna yoga Adi sAdhanAtmaka sAdhanoM
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________________ upasaMhAra 213 ko sthAna dekara nirbhaya huA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki ina sAdhanoM se yukta vyakti jaba paraloka kA pathika banatA hai to usa samaya usake mana meM bAra-bAra yaha dhvani guMz2arita hotI hai "gahio suggaI maggo nAhaM maraNassa biihemi"| arthAt maine sadgati kA mArga grahaNa kara liyA hai, jIvana meM dharma kI ArAdhanA kI hai| aba maiM mRtyu se nahIM DaratA, mujhe mRtyu kA koI bhaya nahIM hai / vAstava meM janma ke viSaya meM hama apanI ora se kucha bhI parivartana nahIM kara skte| samaya, sthAna, kula Adi saba kucha devAyatta bhAgya ke adhIna rahatA hai, kintu mRtyu ke viSaya meM yaha niyama itanA kaThora nahIM hai| janma kahIM bhI ho, kintu jIvana kaisA banAnA hai aura mRtyu ke lie kaisI taiyArI karanI hai - yaha hamAre puruSArtha para nirbhara karatA hai| hama tapa, dhyAna Adi ke dvArA janma para na sahI, kintu mRtyu para adhikAra kara sakate haiN| puruSArtha dvArA jIvana-zuddhi, maraNa- -zuddhi bhI kara sakate haiM aura jo mRtyu saMsAra ke lie zoka kA kAraNa banatI hai, vahI mRtyu hamAre lie mahotsava bana sakatI hai| prazna hai ki hama mRtyu ke bhaya ko ullAsa ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra bdleN| basa, yahI kalA mRtyukalA hai| jIne kI kalA hai| jIne kI kalA sIkhanA AsAna hai, kintu mRtyu kI kalA sIkhanA kaThina hai| hamAre dharmagrantha jIne kI kalA ke sAtha-sAtha marane kI kalA para bhI paryApta cintana karate haiN| paraMtu jahA~ taka maraNakalA kA prazna hai, to isa dizA meM jaina paramparA kA jitanA pratidAna hai utanA anya paramparAoM kA nahIM / jainazAstroM meM mRtyu kI kalA sikhAnevAlI isa avadhAraNA ko samAdhimaraNa, sallekhanA, saMthArA Adi vibhinna nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai, jabaki anya paramparAoM jaise hindU paramparA meM yaha mahAprasthAna, bauddha paramparA meM ziMmyU, aitizI Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jauhara, satI, sahamaraNa, anumaraNa ke rUpa meM bhI aicchika mRtyu grahaNa karane kI avadhAraNA milatI hai| vastutaH mRtyu grahaNa karane ke ye vividha rUpa mRtyu kI kalA ke vibhinna pakSoM para apanA dRSTAMta prastuta karate haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki na kevala jaina dharma-darzana meM apitu sabhI bhAratIya dharmoM meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kisI na kisI rUpa meM svIkRta rahI hai aura yaha bhI satya hai kI jahA~ bhAratIya vicArakoM ne AtmahatyA kA virodha kiyA hai, vahIM samAdhimaraNa hetu anumati bhI pradAna kI hai| phira bhI samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM jitanI gambhIratA se carcA jainadharma meM uThAyI gayI hai aura usakI eka sunizcita prakriyA apanAyI gayI hai vaisI anya bhAratIya dharmo meM nahIM hai| jainadharma hI vaha bhAratIya dharma hai jo samAdhimaraNa kI isa avadhAraNA kA eka sarvAMgapUrNa vivecana prastuta karatA hai| hindU aura bauddha dharmoM meM jahA~ $
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________________ samAdhimaraNa samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA kucha viziSTa vyaktiyoM aura viziSTa avasthAoM meM svIkAra kI gaI hai, vahIM jainadharma meM sabhI gRhastha aura muniyoM ke lie isakI sAdhanA ko apekSita mAnA gayA hai| 214 jahA~ taka jaina sAhitya kI bAta hai to adhikatara jaina granthoM meM thor3I bahuta carcA samAdhimaraNa ke bAre meM avazya milatI hai| apane adhyayana ke daurAna hamane jina jaina sAhitya kA avalokana kiyA aura unameM mujhe samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita jo bAteM milI, unake AdhAra para use do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| prathama varga meM una granthoM ko rakhA hai jo samAdhimaraNa kI carcA anya jaina siddhAntoM ke sAtha hI karate haiN| dUsare varga meM una sAhitya ko rakhA hai jo mukhya rUpa se samAdhimaraNa kI carcA karate haiM, lekina unake racanAkAla kA krama bhinna-bhinna thA, isI kAraNa yaha do vargIkaraNa sambhava nahIM ho pAyA ataH hamane kAlakrama ke anusAra hI unheM sthAna diyA hai| cU~ki mRtyu sabhI ke lie aparihArya hai, ata: samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA bhI sabhI ke lie hai, cAhe vaha vyakti gRhastha ho yA shrmnn| yadyapi hamane apane adhyayana ke daurAna yaha pAyA hai ki samAdhimaraNa lene kI prakriyA mAtra zramaNa- zramaNI varga meM hI pracalita nahIM rahI hai, apitu gRhastha bhI samAdhimaraNa karate the aura jainadharma meM unakA sthAna AdaraNIya hotA thaa| jahA~ taka samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kI bAta hai to yaha jIvana ke AkarSaNa aura mRtyu ke bhaya donoM se Upara uThakara zarIra meM rahate hue bhI zarIra kA atikramaNa kara jAnA hai| yaha jIvana aura mRtyu donoM ke prati taTastha bhAva hai| samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA meM bahuta bar3A antara hai| donoM meM maraNAntika bhAva kA samAveza hotA hai| isa kAraNa bahuta se loga donoM ko eka samAna samajha lete haiN| vastutaH samAdhimaraNa aura AtmahatyA ko eka samajhanA samAdhimaraNa ke svarUpa se anabhijJatA kA dyotaka kahA jA sakatA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki eka jIvana ke duHkhoM se Ubakara vikSubdha manodazA se jIvana aura saMsAra se palAyana kA prayatna hai to dUsarA saMsAra meM hokara bhI usase nirlipta hokara jInA hai / sambhavataH yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki samAdhimaraNa meM to zarIra ke poSaNa ke samasta prayatna hI chor3a die jAte haiM, ataH vaha to prakArAntara se mRtyu kA AmantraNa hI hai| kintu jaina AcArya isase sahamata nahIM haiN| ve kahate haiM ki zarIra ke poSaNa ke prayatna isalie nahIM chor3a die jAte haiM ki vyakti mRtyu ko cAhatA hai, apitu isalie chor3e jAte haiM ki vyakti kA zarIra isa yogya nahIM rahatA ki usakA poSaNa kiyA jaae| jisa prakAra zarIra kA koI vikRta aMga isa sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai ki usameM sudhAra
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________________ upasaMhAra 215 kI sambhAvanA dhUmila ho gaI ho aura usameM Age sar3Andha banane ko sambhAvanA prabala ho to aisI sthiti meM samajhadArI isI meM mAnI jAtI hai ki usa vikRta aMga ko zeSa zarIra se alaga kara diyA jaae| isI prakAra vaha jIvana jisameM zarIra evaM zArIrika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa se vyakti aura samAja kA caritra bala kSINa hotA hai, sAmAjika visaMgatiyA~ bar3hatI haiM to aisI sthiti meM zarIra kA tyAga hI ucita hai| isI prakAra jaba naitika mUlyoM meM yA daihika mUlyoM meM se kisI eka kA saMrakSaNa hI sambhava ho to jaina nIti meM sallekhanA kI dhArA ko svIkAra karate hue cAhe zarIra kA visarjana karanA par3e, naitika mUlyoM ko to yathAvata rakhanA hI caahie| naitika mUlyoM kA tyAga karake jIvana ke saMrakSaNa kI bAta jaina dArzanikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| isIlie ve samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaina granthoM meM mRtyu (maraNa) ke sattaraha prakAra batAe gae haiM, kintu yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki maraNa ke ye sabhI rUpa prazasta nahIM haiN| ina vividha rUpoM meM maraNa ke prazasta rUpa kitane haiM isakI carcA bhI pUrva meM kI gaI hai| sAmAnya zabdAvalI meM kaheM to mRtyu kA vahI rUpa prazasta hotA hai jahA~ vyakti jIvana aura mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se Upara uThakara jItA hai yA maratA hai| eka sadAcArI puruSa ke lie jIvana aura mRtyu meM koI antara nahIM hotA hai| kisI urdU zAyara ne kahA hai jIvana maraNa eka hai jinako jarA bhI jJAna / yaha idhara kA maratabA vaha udhara kA / / vastuta: aisA vyakti jisane sArthaka jIvana jiyA hai vaha mRtyu se bhayabhIta nahIM hotA hai, vaha anubhava karatA hai ki usane apane kartavyoM ko pUrA kiyA hai, apane AdarzoM kA nirvahana kiyA hai| ata: cAhe mRtyu Ae yA na Ae donoM hI sthitiyoM meM usake lie bahuta bar3A antara nahIM hotA hai| jaina vicAraka yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki deha kA rakSaNa tabhI taka Avazyaka aura upayogI hai jaba taka vaha AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoM ke rakSaNa meM eka sAdhana ke rUpa meM kArya kre| yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM deha aura daihika mUlya sAdhana hI haiM, ve unheM kabhI sAdhya nahIM maante| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana meM samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kA itanA khulA evaM suspaSTa rUpa milatA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne to mRtyu ko hI kalyANakArI mAnA hai| vaha vyakti jisane apanA zarIra naitika aura AdhyAtmika malyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie tyAga diyA hai, usakI mRtyu bhI mahotsava hI hotI hai| jainoM ne satpuruSoM ke nirvANa ko bhI eka kalyANaka yA mahotsava ke rUpa meM dekhA hai| mRtyu tabhI mahotsava bana sakatI hai jabaki vyakti kA jInA sArthaka rahA ho| yahA~ sArthakatA se tAtparya aise
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________________ 216 samAdhimaraNa jIvana se hai jo naitika mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa aura bahujana samAja ke kalyANa ke lie jiyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha bhalI-bhA~ti jJAta hotA hai ki samAdhimaraNa kaba, kyoM aura kaise liyA jAtA hai? sabase pahale samAdhimaraNa lenevAle kI yogyatA para vicAra karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki sAmAnyatayA samAdhimaraNa lane kA adhikAra unhIM vyaktiyoM ko hai jinakA jIvana samAja ke lie bhArasvarUpa ho gayA hoM, jo apane vyaktigata aura sAmAjika jIvana ke kAryoM ko kara pAne meM asamartha ho gaye hoM athavA jo naitika mUlyoM kI surakSA yA jIvana kI surakSA meM se koI eka hI vikalpa rakha rahe ho| __ ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainoM ne samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA kA jo artha lagAyA hai vaha jIvana se palAyana kA nahIM hai varan jIvana ke dvAra para dastaka de rahI mRtyu ko zAnta citta aura sajagatA se AmaMtraNa denA hai| samAdhimaraNa na to jIvana se bhAganA hai aura na mRtyu se, apitu jIvana ko mUlyayukta banAkara jInA hai aura AyI huI mRtyu kA svAgata karanA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA meM unhIM tathyoM para adhika bala diyA gayA hai jinase ki jIvana kI antima belA meM zarIra ko chUTane athavA ghara, parijana aura prAptavya ke chUTane kI pIr3A vyakti ke manasa ko vyathita na kre| vastutaH samAdhimaraNa hameM eka aisI jIvana dRSTi detA hai jisameM vyakti jIvana aura mRtyu donoM se nirapekSa ho jAtA hai| isa dRSTi kA sundara citraNa eka zAyara ne isa prakAra kiyA hai--- lAi hayAta A gae kajA le calI cale cale / . nA apanI khuzI Ae nA apanI khazI ge| jaina santa aura gAndhI jI ke AdhyAtmika guru zrImad rAjacandra ne kahA hai deha thatA varte je dehAtIta te jJAnInA caraNamAM vaMdana ho anagani / / tAtparya yaha hai ki samAdhimaraNa kI sAdhanA kA artha jIvana ke AkarSaNa evaM mRtyu ke bhaya se Upara uTha jAnA hai| jaina granthoM meM samAdhimaraNa lenevAloM ke anaginata nAmoM kA ullekha hai| AvazyakatAnusAra yathAsthAna inakA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se samAdhimaraNa para pUrNarUpeNa prakAza zilAlekhoM ke mAdhyama se DAlA gayA hai| jahA~ taka . aitihAsika sAkSya kI bAta hai to zilAlekha isa dRSTi se sabase adhika vizvasanIya evaM
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________________ upasaMhAra 217 sahI mAne jAte haiN| isakI satyatA para adhika vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se isakA vargIkaraNa tIna bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai| prathama varga meM prAcIna kAla ke zilAlekhoM tathA dvitIya varga meM madhyakAla ke zilAlekhoM ko apane adhyayana kA viSaya banAyA hai| tRtIya varga meM Adhunika kAla meM jina satmahApuruSoM ne samAdhimaraNapUrvaka apanA dehatyAga kiyA hai, unakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha se hama dekhate haiM ki samAdhimaraNa kI paramparA jaina paramparA meM atyanta prAcInakAla se hI vidyamAna rahI hai| prAcIna kAla meM usakA jitanA AdaraNIya sthAna thA utanA hI AdaraNIya sthAna Aja bhI hai, kyoMki jahA~ anya dharmoM meM isa taraha kI prAcIna paramparAoM para roka lagA dI gaI hai, vahIM samAdhimaraNa binA roka-Toka ke avirAma gati se apane patha para kAyama hai| samAdhimaraNa ke avasara para mahotsava manAne kI prakriyA aba bhI vidyamAna hai tathA jaina samAja meM isakA kitanA Adara hai isase koI inkAra nahIM kara sakatA hai| jahA~ taka yaha prazna hai ki vyakti ko mRtyu ke cayana kA adhikAra hai yA nahIM ? to kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi vyakti ko kinhIM mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie jIne kA adhikAra hai, to kinhIM mUlyoM ke saMrakSaNa ke lie use mRtyu kA adhikAra bhI milanA caahie| vyakti ko jIvana kA tathA maraNa kA adhikAra bhI milanA caahie| vyakti ko jIvana kA adhikAra denA, kintu mRtyu kA adhikAra chIna lenA usakI svataMtratA kA paricAyaka nahIM hai| yadi hameM jIne kA adhikAra hai to marane kA bhI hai| kintu yaha marane kA adhikAra isalie nahIM milA hai ki hama apane sAmAjika dAyitvoM aura kartavyoM se palAyana kareM, apitu isalie milA hai ki hama apane ucca mUlyoM kA bhI saMrakSaNa kara skeN| lekina hameM yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki mRtyu kA yaha adhikAra kevala unhIM logoM ko diyA gayA hai jo jIvana aura mRtyu ke mUlya ko samajhate haiN| jinheM jIvana ke AdarzoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika kartavyoM kA bhI bodha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vicArakoM ne kabhI bhI mRtyu ko z2Ivana se palAyana ke lie Amantrita nahIM kiyA, unhoMne to mRtyu kA svAgata kiyA hai| *
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________________ sandarbha-grantha-sUcI mUla grantha antakRddazA anuttaropapAtikasUtra AcArAGgasUtram (prathama skandha) AcArAGgasUtram (dvitIya skandha) AcArAGgasUtram (tInoM bhAga) AvazyakasUtram AvazyakasUtram sampA-madhukara muni, zrI Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara, rAjasthAna, 1981 zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI mahArAja, a0bhA0zva0 sthA0 jainazAstroddhAra samiti, mU0 rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 1959 AcArya zrI AtmArAma jI jaina, prakAzana samiti jainasthAnaka, ludhiyAnA, 1963. AcArya zrI AtmArAja jI jaina, prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, ludhiyAnA, 1964 muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla jI, a0bhA0 zve0 sthA0. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, mu0 rAjakoTa, 1957 Amolaka RSi, haidarAbAda sikandarAbAda jaina saMgha vIrAda, 2446. ghAsIlAla jI, a0 bhA0 zve0 sthA0 jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 1958. AcArya tulasI, jaina vizva bhAratI prakAzana, vi0 saM0 2031. kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, vArANasI, 1984 / muni nathamala, jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA, Agama sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kalakattA, 1967. zrI AtmArAja jI mahArAja, khajAMcIrAma jaina, jaina zAstramAlA kAryAlaya, saidamiTThA, lAhaura 1939. devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1916 sAdhvI candanA, vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972. ghAsIlAla jI, zrI a. bhA zve. sthA. jainazAstroddhAra samiti, mu0 rAjakoTa (saurASTra), 1961. zrI AtmArAma jI, jaina prakAzana samiti ludhiyAnA, 1964 AyAro ArAdhanAsAra uttarajjhayANANi uttarAdhyayanasUtram uttarAdhyayananiyukti (vyAkhyA sahita) bhAga-2 uttarAdhyayanasUtra upAsakadazAGgasUtra upAsakadazAGga
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________________ 219 upAsakAdhyayana sandarbha-grantha-sUcI paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1964. uvAsagadasAo mizrIlAla jI "madhukara" zrI Agama prakAzana samiti ludhiyAnA, 1964. kArtikeyAnuprekSA paM0 manoharalAla zAstrI, zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka jaina maNDala, bambaI, 1928 tattvArthasUtra paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976. tattvArthavArtika (bhAga-2) DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1957 dasaveAliyaM muni nathamala, jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna), vikrama saMvat 2031. dharmAmRta (sAgAra) paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1978. paiNNayasuttAI puNya vijayamuni, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, (prathama bhAga) 1984. prakIrNakadazakaM zrI Agamodaya prakAzana samiti, nirNayasAgara pepa, bambaI, 1927. puruSArthasiddhayupAya: zrI amRtacandrAcArya, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, 1966. praznavyAkaraNasUtra upA0 amara muni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1973. bAlmIki rAmAyaNa nirNaya sAgara presa, bambaI, 1930. bAlmIki rAmAyaNa svAdhyAya maNDala, pAraDI (sUrata), 1950. (araNya kANDa) bhagavatI-ArAdhanA (donoM bhAga) paM0 kailAzacandra siddhAntazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1978. majjhimanikAya (hindI) mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, vaaraannsii| mahAbhArata citrazAlA presa, punne| mahAbhArata gItA presa, gorkhpur| mahAbhArata bhaMDArakara oriyanTala zodha saMsthAna, pUnA manusmRtiH paM0 zrI haragovinda zAstrI, caukhambhA saMskRta sIrIja, vArANasI, 1965.
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________________ mUlAcAra (pUrvArddha) ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra saddharma maNDanam vyArakhyAprajJapti (bhAga-3) samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka samavAyAGgasUtra samiti, sarvAthasiddhiH sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 220 AryikAratna jJAnamatI jI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1984. paM0 pannAlAla "basanta', vIra sevA mandira TrasTa prakAzana, dillI, 1972. zrI javAhara jI, tanasukhadAsa dUgar3a, saradArazahara, rAjasthAna, vi0 saM0 1088. sampA0-madhukara muni, Agama prakAzana samiti byAvara (rAjasthAna), 1986. hIrAlAla jaina siddhAntazAstrI, vIra sevA mandira TrasTa, dillI, 1984. paM0 hIrAlAla jI zAstrI, zrI Agama prakAzana byAvara (rAjasthAna), 1982. paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955. mohanalAla zAstrI, sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra jabalapura, vIra ni0 saM0 2444. bhikSu dharmaratna, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha , vArANasI 1950. jagadIza kAzyapa evaM dharmarakSita, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, vArANasI, 1954. zrI mizrIlAla "madhukara", zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, rAjasthAna, 1981. paM0 bAlacandra jI zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura, 1977. zrI mizrIlAla "madhukara", zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthana), 1981. brahmacArI zItala prasAda, jaina mitra sUrata, 1978 dharmAmRta (sAgAra) suttanipAta saMyuttanikAya (hindI) sthAnAMgasUtra jJANAnava jJAtAdharmakathAGga zrI samAdhizataka TIkA sahAyaka grantha oghaniryakti garUr3apurANa bhadrabAhu svAmI, Agamodaya samiti, saM0 1927. paM0 zrI rAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI prathama evaM dvitIya bhAga, 1969.
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________________ sandarbha-grantha-sUcI jAtakamAlA je0 esa0 speyara, esa0 vI0 vI0 1969. jena Agama sAhitya zrI devendra muni zAstrI, zrI tAraka guru manana aura mImAMsA jaina granthAlaya, udayapura (rAjasthAna) 1977. jaina darzana DaoN0 mohana lAla mehatA, sanmati jJAnapITha AgarA, 1959. jaina darzana paM0 mahendra kumAra nyAyAcArya, zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA, kAzI, 1955. jaina dharma meM ahiMsA DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA, sohanalAla jaina dharma pracAraka samiti, amRtasara, 1972. jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAra DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana saMsthAna, jayapura (rAjasthAna), 1982. jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, mohana lAla mehatA, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, (sAta bhAga) vArANasI, 1966-67. jaina sAhitya kI pragati paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI, jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala vArANasI, 1951. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha (bhAga-4) hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI vIra nirvANa saMvat 2491. tIrthavivecana kAMDama sampA0- ke0 bI0 raMgAsvAmI AyaMgara, Ananda Azrama presa, pUnA, 1942 theragAthA bhikSa dharmaratna, mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, vArANasI 1955. darzana aura cintana (khaNDa-2) paM0 sukhalAla jI ke hindI lekhoM kA saMgraha, paM0 sukhalAlajI sammAna samiti, gajarAta vidhAnasabhA, ahamadAbAda, 1957 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa : DaoN0 pANDUraMga vAmana kANe, u0 pra0 hindI saMsthAna, (bhAga-2-3) lakhanaU, 1982 nae dharma kI khoja (prathama bhAga) DaoN0 pradyumna kumAra, aruNodaya prakAzana, lakhanaU 1986. padmapurANa (prathama khaNDa) paM0 zrIrAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI, 168. paramasakhA mRtyu kAkA sAhaba kAlelakara, sastA sAhitya maNDala
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________________ meM nArI sandarbha-grantha-sUcI prakAzana, dillI, 1979. pazcimIya vicAra kA Izvaracandra zarmA, rAjapAla eNDa sansa, AlocanAtmaka adhyayana dillI, 1961 vaidika evaM dharmazAstrIya sAhitya DaoN0 esa0 kujura, vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, vArANasI, 1982. bhagavatIsUtra ghAsIlAla jI, jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, 1971. bhAvanA zataka zatAvadhAnI muni ratnacandra jI, vRndAvana dAsa dayAla korTa bAjAra geTa, bambaI, vIra saMvat 2447. matsyapurANa (prathama evaM dvitIya zrI rAma zarmA AcArya, saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI khaNDa) 1970. mRtyu-mahotsava zrI akhila vizva jaina mizana, alIgaMja, eTA, 1958. samayasAra paM0 jayacandra, jinavANI prakAzana vibhAga, zrI jaina mandira sarAya, rohataka, vi. saM. 2468. samIcIna dharmazAstra jugala kizora mukhtAra "yugavIra', vIra sevA mandira dariyAgaMja, dillI, 1953. zrAvaka-kartavya muni sumata kumAra, kAzI rAma granthamAlA, ambAlA, saM0 2022. zramaNa-sUtra amara muni jI mahArAja, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1966. zrAvaka dharma mahAsatI ujjvala kumArI, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1954. ENGLISH BOOKS Belief and Action Samuel, Herbert, New york, Pantteon Books. 1953. Death and Modem Man Choron, Jacques, Collier Books, New York. 1972. Death and Western Thought Choron, Jacques, Collier Books, New York 1963. Essays Upon Heredity: Weismann, Sugust. Clarendon press Oxford The Duration of Life, Vol. I, 1892. Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics. Vol. iv. viii.
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________________ sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 223 Heart of Jainism Mrs. Stevenson. Sinclare University press. London, Bombay. 1915. Introduction to Homicide Thakur Upendra, Abhinav Publications. in India New Delhi. Indian Antiquerry Vol. i, ii, iv. vi, xxxvi Inviting Death : S. Setter, Institute of Indian Art History. Karnataka University. Dharwad. 1980 Jainism and World Problems Jain Champta Rai, Jain Parishad. Bijnor, 1934. Jaina Culture Mehta, Mohan Lal, P. V. Research Institute Varanasi. 1969. Jainism and Karnataka Shama S.R. Karnataka Culture Historical Research Society, Dharwar. 1940 Law of Crimes in India vol.I Nigam, R.C. Asia Publishing House Bombay, 1965. Pursuing Death S. Setter Institute of Indian Art Karnataka University, Dharvad, 1990. Suicide and the meaning Masaryk, G. Thomas. The Univrrsity of Civilization Chicago Press, chicago and London 1970. Sallekhana is not Suicide Tukol, T.S., L.D, Institute of Indology Ahmedabad, 1976. The Mystry of Death. Carrel, Alexis, New york, Appletoncentury Crofts, 1955. The Principle of Individuality Bosamaquet, Bernard, The Macmillan and Value Company London, 1912.4 The Meaniny of Immortality Hocking, William Ernest, tarper and Row: Human Experince New york, 1957. Thanatophobia and Immorta- Hall, G, Stanley. American Journal of Psych lity -ology, Vol. 26, (1915) The History of Suicide in Thakur, Upendra, MunshiRam Manoharlal India Oriental Publishers and Book sellers. Delhi, 1962 - What is Life? Schrodinger, Erwin, New York. Doubleday (Anchor Books). 1956.
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________________ 224 sandarbha-grantha-sUcI koza arddhamAgadhI koza, bhAga 1-5 muni ratanacandrajI, amara pablikezansa vArANasI 1988. abhidhAnarAjendra koza bhAga 1-7 jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1-4 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI 1973. saMskRta-hindI koza vAmana zivarAma ApTe, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, vArANasI patra-patrikAeM abhinandana grantha DaoN0 darabArI lAla koThiyA, vArANasI. AcArya zrI AcArya zrI tulasI abhinandanagraMtha tulasI dhavala samAroha samiti, dillI 1961. utsarga aura apavAda mArga upAdhyAya kavi zrI amaramuni, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA. jaina samAja (dainika) jayapura, 19 akTUbara 1987. jaina jagata bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala, bambaI . jaina prakAza (pAkSika) jaina bhavana, naI dillI, 16 akTUbara ,1987. jaina bhAratI jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA,kalakattA, 17 agasta, 1987. tIrthaMkara (mAsika) indaura, madhya pradeza, janavarI, 1988. samAdhimaraNa bhAvanA zrI seThiyA jaina granthamAlA puSpa 56, jaina pAramArthika saMsthA, bIkAnera. samyag-darzana (mAsika) akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI, jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, pharavarI, 1988. sanmati saMdeza jaina mandira galI, dillI, janavarI, 1978. sudharmA zrI tilokaratna sthAnaka jaina, ahamadanagara, akTUbara, 1987. zramaNopAsaka (pAkSika) akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera, disambara, 1987. zrI amara bhAratI vIrAyatana, rAjagRha , agasta, 1987. zrI jinendravaNI smaraNAnjalI zrI digambara jaina samAja, kAzI, san 1984. zrI ambAlAla jI abhinandana ambAlAla jI ma0 abhinandana graMtha prakAzana samiti grantha udayapura, 1976.
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________________ Our Important Publications 100.00 200.00 150.00 50.00 150.00 100.00 Dr. Nathamal Talia Dr. Harihar Singh Dr. I.C. Shastri Dr. Kamla Jain Dr.J.C. Sikdar Dr. J.C. Sikdar150.00 Dr. Ramji Singh 2200.00 Prof. Sagarmal Jain Dulichand Jain Dr. N.L. Jain Dr.C.Krause T.U.Mehta Ed. Prof. S.M. Jain 500.00 Dr. N.L. Jain anu.-DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha | 40.00 120.00 300.00 20.00 100.00 pAraNa s in Jain Philosophy Temples of Western India Existemology pt of Pancasila in Indian Thought pt of Matter in Jaina Philosophy Theory of Reality Perspective in Philosophy & Religion s of Jainology (Complete Set : Vols 1 to 7) roduction to Jaina Sadhana of Jaina Wisdom ffic Contents in Prakrit Conons pritage of the Last Trhat : Mahavira th of Arhat Dimensional Application of Anekantavadad S.P. Pandey prld of Non-living karaNa hitya kA bRhad itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa sAta khaNDa) jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa (sampUrNa seTa cAra khaNDa) timA vijJAna aura unake dazadharma gaM (hindI anuvAda sahita) hindI koza Faura tAntrika sAdhanA saptazatI (hindI anuvAda sahita) jaina-vidyA bhAratI (tIna khaNDa) na siddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa jIvana mUlya nAsanATakam tavAda aura pAzcAtya vyAvahArikatAvAda skandhaniyukti : eka adhyayana ka-prakaraNam (hindI anuvAda sahita) divAkara : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva FkI pramukha sAdhviyoM evaM mahilAeM lIna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma va jaina guphAe~ kI nirvANabhUmi pAvA : vimarza kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana thoM kA aitihAsika adhyayana mANa-mImAMsa kI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA ccha kA itihAsa DaoN. mArutinandana tivArI pro. bhAgacandra jaina paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka sampA.-DaoN. ke.Ara. candra pro. sAgaramala jaina paM. vizvanAtha pAThaka pro. sAgaramala jaina pro. sAgaramala jaina pro. surendra varmA sampA.-DaoN. surezacandra pANDe DaoN. rAjendra kumAra siMha DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha anu.-DaoN. dInAnAtha zarmA DaoN. zrIprakAza pANDeya hIrAbAI boradiyA DaoN. (zrImatI) rAjeza jaina DaoN. harihara siMha bhagavatIprasAda khetAna DaoN. phUlacanda jaina DaoN. zivaprasAda DaoN. dharmacandra jaina DaoN. zivaprasAda 400.00 200.00 630.00 760.00 150.00 80.00 80.00 400.00 350.00 60.00 300.00 60.00 75.00 60.00 150.00 125.00 250.00 100.00 50.00 160.00 150.00 65.00 80.00 100.00 200.00 300.00 DaoN0 rajana kumAra Parswanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi-221005 INDIA www.jain library.org