Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Year-64, Volume-1 January-March 2011 RNI No. 10591/62 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (janavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jalnology & Prakrit Languages) saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' Founder Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro. ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka- rupaye 20/- vArSika- ru. 80/ This issue- Rs. 20/- Yearly- Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAn lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ munivara-stuti ve munivara kaba mili haiM? upakArI / sAdhu digambara, nagana nirambara, saMvara bhUSaNa dhaarii| ve munivara kaba mili haiM upkaarii| kaMcana kAMca barAbara jinake jyoM ripu tyoM hitakArI, mahala, masAna, maraNa aru jIvana sama garimA aru gaaNrii| ve munivara kaba mili haiM upkaarii| samyagjJAna pradhAna pavana bala tapa pAvaka parajArI, zodhata jIva suvarNa sadA jo, kAya-kArimA ttaarii| ve munivara kaba mili haiM upkaarii| jo yugala kara bhUdhara vinave tina pada dhoka hamArI bhAga udaya darasana jaba pAU~ tA dina kI blihaarii| ve munivara kaba mili haiM upkaarii| - paM.bhUdharadAsa jI
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA - paM. bhUdharadAsa jI - jayakumAra jaina - jamanAlAla jaina 7-14 munivara-stuti viSayAnukramaNikA 1. saMpAdakIya - 2. jinendra kA laghunandana- zrAvaka 3. dharmasvarUpa gatAMka se Age 4. AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati 5. jainaparamparA kA zrAvakAcAra: Adhunika saMdarbha meM 6. prAcIna bhAratIya nyAyika vyavasthA - pro. udayacanda jaina 15-19 - pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' 20-28 29-36 37-46 47-51 52-62 - DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina - DaoN. muktA baMsala evaM DaoN. mukeza kumAra - DaoN. jayakumAra jaina - zrI sumata prasAda jaina - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina - DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina - pro. hIrAlAla pAMDe - DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala - Aloka kumAra jaina 7. vedAnta aura svarUpasambodhana parizIlana 8. jaina dharmaH karuNA kI eka ajasra dhArA 9. viSNupurANa meM jainadharma 11. pUjA meM maMtroM kI upAdeyatA 12. bharata cakravartI pravartita vidyAsaMskAra 13. devaloka: kauna upAsya kauna anupAsya 14. tattvArthasUtra meM dravya vimarza 63-66 67-72 73-80 81-88 89-96
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ saMpAdakIya hArdika zraddhAJjali jaina samAja ke sUkSma tattvoM ko samudghATita karane meM satata saMlagna, vyavahAra meM vajra se bhI kaThora kintu svabhAva meM kusuma se bhI adhika sukumAra zrI paM. padmacandra jaina zAstrI jI kA 2 janavarI 2007 (1 janavarI 2007 kI madhyarAtri) meM avasAna ho gayA thaa| ve vIra sevA mandira se prakAzita anekAnta ke paryAya ke rUpa meM vikhyAta the| unakI spaSTa avadhAraNA thI ki jaina dharma kA mUla aparigrahavAda hai| jaba taka samAja parigraha kI khAI se nahIM ubaratA hai, taba taka vaha dharma ke marma ko nahIM samajha sakatA hai| cAhe koI sAdhAraNa gRhastha ho, pratimAdhArI zrAvaka ho yA sAdhu parameSThI ho, unhoMne kabhI bhI unake bhaya se siddhAnta se samajhautA nahIM kiyaa| prAkRta bhASA ke to viziSTa adhyetA vidvAn the| maiMne janavarI 2000 se unake Adeza se anekAnta kA saMpAdana dAyitva samhAlA thaa| saMpAdanakAla meM 7 varSa taka mujhe unakA AzIrvAda/ parAmarza satata milatA rhaa| Aja vigata cAra varSa se ve hamAre bIca nahIM haiM, kintu aba bhI maiM jaba bhI kisI taraha kI ulajhana meM hotA hU~, to unake vacanoM ko apanI smRti meM sadA pAtA huuN| unakI puNyatithi para nama netroM se, maiM samAdaraNIya paNDita jI ko hArdika zraddhAJjali samarpita karatA hU~ tathA AzA karatA hU~ ki isa dIpastaMbha kI smRti se maiM unake mArga ke anukaraNa kA jo prayAsa kara rahA hU~, usameM mujhe saphalatA milegii| prAkRta bhASA ke vikAsa meM bhArata sarakAra kA sahayoga rASTriya saMskRta saMsthAna (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa maMtrAlaya bhArata sarakAra ke adhInastha eka saMskRta bhASA kA utkRSTa saMsthAna hai| isake jayapura parisara meM prAkRta bhASA viSayaka aneka zodha pariyojanAyeM gatizIla haiN| mAnanIya kulapati pro. rAdhAballabha tripAThI dvArA manonIta vizeSajJa ke rUpa meM mujhe samasyA samAdhAna evaM sujhAva/ nirdeza hetu 17 janavarI se 23 janavarI taka vahA~ samasyA samAdhAna karane kA avasara milaa| prAcArya pro. arkanAtha caudharI tathA prAkRta adhyayana zodha-kendra ke vikAsa adhikArI DaoN. dharmendra jaina kA madhura evaM samarpita vyavahAra anukaraNIya hai| yadi jaina samAja prayatnazIla hokara mAnanIya kulapati jI se saMparka/ nivedana kare to yaha prAkRta adhyayana zodha kendra sthAyI ho sakegA tathA anya parisaroM meM bhI prAkRta adhyayana kI vyavasthA ho skegii| pro. dAmodara zAstrI jI bhI prAkRta ke vikAsa ke lie satata prayAsazIla haiN| isI krama meM 14-16 mArca 2011 ko lakhanaU parisara meM bhI jAne kA avasara milaa| prAcArya pro. surendra kumAra jhA, prophesara vijaya kumAra jaina evaM DaoN. rAkA jaina ke AtmIya vyavahAra kI jitanI prazaMsA kI jAye, vaha kama hai|
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 paM. cainasukhadAsa smRti vyAkhyAna mAlA prAcArya prophesara (DaoN.) zItalacandra jaina zAstrI ke AmaMtraNa para mujhe ravivAra 23 janavarI 2011 ko zrI digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya jayapura dvArA Ayojita paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA meM 'zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRti kA tulanAtmaka vizleSaNa' viSaya para vyAkhyAna kA avasara milaa| isakI adhyakSatA jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lAina kI kulapati prophesara samaNI cAritraprajJA ne kI thii| unake sAtha mere mitra DaoN. jinendra jaina bhI upasthita the| jayapura ke viziSTa buddhijIviyoM evaM zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna ke chAtroM ke bIca maiMne anubhava kiyA ki yadi vividha saMskRtiyoM kI samAnatA ke pakSa ko ujAgara kiyA jAye to samAja meM saumanasya kA vAtAvaraNa banegA tathA isase deza kA bahumukhI vikAsa ho skegaa| pro. samaNI cAritraprajJA ne jaina dharma ke sabhI saMpradAyoM meM sAmAjika aikya evaM saumanasya para bala diyaa| eka Adarza paMcakalyANaka 4 pharavarI se 10 pharavarI 2011 taka zrI di. jaina atizaya kSetra vahalanA ( mujaphpharanagara) meM paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI nayanasAgara jI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM unhIM kI pAvana preraNA se nirmita 31 phITa uttuMga pArzvanAtha bhagavAn ke jinabimba kA paMcakalyANaka mahotsava saMpanna huaa| isa avasara para munivara zrI vairAgya sAgara jI kI bhI maMgala upasthiti rhii| isa Ayojana meM prazAsana kA prazaMsanIya sahayoga milaa| vizeSarUpa se DaoN. candrabhUSaNa tripAThI, nagara majisTreTa tathA unakI ardhAMginI DaoN. aMjanA tripAThI ne jo sahayoga pradAna kiyA use zabdoM kI sImA meM bA~dhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ve lagabhaga pratidina svayaM upasthita rhe| jilAdhikArI mahodaya ne kahA ki 40-50 hajAra kI bhIr3a vAlI janmakalyANaka kI zobhAyAtrA jisa saMyama se calI, vaha jaina samAja ke logoM meM hI saMbhava hai| paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA samiti ko zrI zAMtinAtha yuvA saMgha, munIma kAlonI, mujaphpharanagara ke svayaMsevakoM ne jo abhUtapUrva sahayoga diyA, vaha na kevala kAbile tArIpha hai, apitu anukaraNIya evaM puraskaraNIya bhI hai| maiMne apane jIvana meM itanA acchA suvyavasthita paMcakalyANaka mahotsava na to dekhA hai aura na sunA hai| maiM kSetra ke sabhI padAdhikAriyoM, saMyojaka zrI rAjakumAra jaina nAvalA vAle evaM saMcAlaka zrI ravIndra kumAra jaina vahalanA vAle aura zrI punIta jaina ko hArdika dhanyavAda denA apanA pAvana kartavya samajhatA huuN| jayakumAra jaina
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jinendra kA laghunandana- zrAvaka - jamanAlAla jaina 'zrAvaka' zabda sAmAnya 'gRhastha' zabda se U~cA, artha-gambhIra aura bhAvapUrNa hai| zrAvaka zabda kA artha ziSya yA sunane vAlA bhI hai| jaina aura bauddha paraMparA ke anusAra 'zrAvaka' vaha hai jo saddharma para zraddhA rakhatA hai, gRhasthocita vrata yA dAyitvoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karatA hai, pApa-kriyAoM se dUra rahatA hai aura apanI sImA meM Atma-kalyANa ke patha para calate hue zramaNoM yA bhikSuoM kI upAsanA karatA hai- unake AtmakalyANa meM sahAyaka hotA hai; vivekI aura kriyAvAn hotA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne zrAvaka ko 'jinendra kA laghunandana' kahakara use gaurava ke zikhara para car3hA diyA hai| aisA samyagdRSTisaMpanna zrAvaka gRhastha hote hue bhI saMsAra-prapaMca meM lipta nahIM hotA-gehI pai gRha meM na racai jyoM jalateM bhinna kamala hai'| zrAvaka arthAt samyak zravaNa karane vAlA, prANoM se zravaNa karane vAlA, samagra cetanA se zravaNa karane vaalaa| kAla-pravAha ke thaper3e khAte-khAte Aja zrAvaka zabda kA artha-gaurava bhale hI kho gayA ho, lekina taba bhI vaha zucirbhUta, zAlIna, pavitra, sarasa, pratItipUrNa nirbhaya, nirAmaya, sphaTikavat nirmala-svaccha jIvana kA kIrtikeza hai| tIrthakaroM ke dharmasaMgha kA saMvAhaka zrAvaka hI hotA hai, vahI dharmaratha kI dhurI hotA hai| parama zrAvakatva kI parAkASThA taka pahuMce binA munidharma ke tapomArga para ArohaNa saMbhava hI nahIM hai| muni kI pratiSThA kA AdhAra zrAvaka hI hai| jaina-Agama nAma se prasiddha prAcInatama prAkRta vAGmaya meM zramaNa yA anagAradharma kA hI varNana vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai| bar3e-bar3e samrAToM tathA zreSThi-putroM ne hI nahIM, atimuktaka jaise choTe-choTe bAlakoM yA kizoroM ne bhI sIdhe zramaNa-dharma kI dIkSA lekara tapasyA kI aura mukti prApta kii| upAsakadazAMga jaise ekAdha graMtha meM upAsakoM ke vratI-jIvana kA varNana avazya milatA hai| kintu prAyaH sArA Agama-vAGmaya zramaNa-jIvana aMgIkAra karane vAloM kI kathAoM se bharA hai| Agamayuga ke pazcAtvartI kAla meM hI zrAvakAcAra-pratipAdaka graMthoM kI racanA kI ora AcAryoM kA dhyAna gayA hai| Agama-yuga meM aura saMbhavata: bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM anagAradharma hI karmamukti ke lie Avazyaka samajhA gayA thaa| bar3e-bar3e saMpattizAlI gRhasthaputra aura rAjaputra bharI javAnI meM pA~ca-pA~ca sau patniyoM ko bilakhatI chor3akara zramaNapatha para cala par3ate haiN| aura vaibhava bhI kaisA? bhadrAputra zAlibhadra kI 32 patniyoM ne bIsa-bIsa lAkha svarNamudrAoM ke ratnakambala paira poMchakara yoM pheMka diyA mAno puchannA ho! dhanalipta logoM ko vaibhava ke naze se virata karane ke lie sarvasva tyAga kA mArga hI Avazyaka thaa| mahAvIra jisa prakAra kI sAmAjika yA dhArmika krAnti kA sapanA
Page #8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 dekha rahe the, use sAkAra karane ke lie suvidhA kA yA yathAzakti tyAga kA upAya zAyada yatheSTa phaladAyaka nahIM thA, kyoMki viSamatA carama sImA taka pahuMca gayI thii| hara kSetra meM viSamatA thI, zoSaNa thA aura mahAvIra the samatA ke preraka / samAja meM samatA lAne ke lie vaibhava kI pratiSThA ko nIce utAranA Avazyaka thaa| apaharaNa ke dvArA pratiSThita hone kI apekSA mahAvIra ne aparigraha dvArA pratiSThita hone kA mArga kholA aura hama dekhate haiM ki jhuNDa ke jhuNDa loga, yuvaka aura yuvatiyA~ unake zramaNasaMgha meM zAmila hote haiM, zramaNa banate haiN| aura ghara-ghara se bhikSA lekara samatA kI alakha jagAte haiN| krAMti ke saMvAhaka yuvaka hI hote haiN| jaba-jaba bhI deza aura samAja meM kisI prakAra kI krAMti cetanA jagI hai, to usakI mazAla yuvakoM ke hAthoM meM rahI hai| mahAvIra kI dharmakrAnti kA saMcAlana bhI yuvakoM ne hI kiyaa| bAda meM, aise gRhatyAgI zramaNoM kA samartha saMgha bana jAne para, yaha AvazyakatA anubhava hone lagI ki sAdhanA kA eka aisA mArga bhI honA cAhie jo sAmAnya gRhastha keM upayukta ho aura zramaNadharma kA pUraka aura saMrakSaka bhI ho| cU~ki zramaNadharma kA pAlana sAmAnyataH kaThina hotA hai, ataH zrAvakadharma kA madhyama arthAt aNuvrata kA mArga khula gayA / yaha isalie bhI Avazyaka thA ki sAmAjika maryAdAe~ tathA saMtulana banA rahe, svecchAcAra para niyaMtraNa rahe, samAja meM naitika vAtAvaraNa vRddhiMgata ho aura zramaNoM kA saMrakSaNa bhI ho| zrAvaka ke AcAra-dharma ko bhale hI aNuvrata kA mArga kahA jAtA ho, kintu vaha zramaNa-dharma se kama mahattva kA kataI nahIM hai| mahAvrata aMgIkAra karake sarvasaMgaparityAgI tathA araNyavihArI banakara mukti kI sAdhanA karane kI apekSA parivAra ke bIca, samAja meM rahakara apane ko saMyata aura lokakalyANAbhimukha banAne meM adhika puruSArtha evaM tapasyA apekSita hai| aise aNuvratI yA zrAvaka ko lokasaMgraha bhI karanA par3atA hai, pArasparika sauhArda bhI jagAnA par3atA hai, vyaktigata tathA sAmAjika burAiyoM kA sAmanA bhI karanA par3atA hai| vaha 'karma' se vimukha nahIM ho sakatA / nirantara vyavahAra nirata tathA loka saMparka meM rahate hue use mana, vacana aura kAyagata saMyama rakhanA par3atA hai| paga-paga para usake sAmane AkarSaNa aura pralobhana kI phisalana hotI hai, kintu use pratipala satarka rahanA par3atA hai usakA jIvana vAstava meM sAmUhika sAdhanA kA karmakSetra hotA hai| eka prakAra se vaha apane gale meM sarpamAla dhAraNa karake karmakSetra meM utaratA hai| hai| vaha palAyanavAdI nahIM hotaa| vaha kardamamaya sAMsArikatA meM hI kamala kI bhAMti Upara uThatA hai| svAmI samaMtabhadra apane samaya meM bar3I krAMtikArI bAta kaha gaye haiM ki mohI muni se nirmohI gRhastha uttama hotA hai kintu vAstava meM dekhA jAya to gRhasthoM kA jo krIDAkSetra hai, vaha muniyoM ke lie duSkara tapasyAbhUmi hai-muni usameM apane ko samhAla hI nahIM skte| Aja to AcArya samantabhadra ko bhI ulaTakara apanI bAta meM saMzodhana karake kahanA par3atA ki 'muni bhale hI nirmohI ho, lekina zreSTha to alpAMza mohI gRhastha hI mAnA jaayegaa|' mAnavadharma kA yathArtha pratinidhi vastutaH zrAvaka hI hai| zrAvaka ke AdhArabhUta vrata bAraha kahe gaye haiN| zrAvakAcAra viSayaka graMthoM meM ina vratoM kI
Page #9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM tathA pA~ca-pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana bhI milatA hai| ina vratoM kA sAMgopAMga yA alpAMza meM dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karane vAloM kI tathA corI-chipe vikAravRtti ke pralobhanavaza inakA bhaMga karane vAloM kI dRSTAMta-kathAe~ bhI udbodhana ke lie likhI huI milatI haiN| manuSya hI nahIM, apitu siMha, hAthI, sarpa, bhAlU, baila aura vAnara jaise pazu tathA pakSI bhI dharma kA upadeza sunakara tathA jAtismaraNa hone ke phalasvarUpa kisI eka vrata ke arthAt ahiMsA ke kisI eka aMza kA pAlana karake, kaSTa sahana karake, prANatyAga karake sadgati prApta kara cuke haiN| apane eka paira ke nIce Azraya lene vAle kharagoza kI prANarakSA kI anukampA bhAvanA se prerita hAthI kA jIva sadgati prApta karatA hai aura bAda meM vaha zreNikaputra meghakumAra ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| mahAvIra kA daMza karane vAle caMDakauzika sarpa kI kathA prasiddha hI hai| Aja bhI parivAroM meM paraspara virodhI vRtti ke jAnavara prema karate hue pAye jAte haiN| ye prANI buddhi meM manuSya kI apekSA nimnakoTi ke mAne jAte haiM, lekina inakA snehapUrNa bartAva aura eka dUsare ke lie tyAga dekhakara manuSya gadgada ho jAtA hai| kaI bAra ye mUka prANI manuSya ke guru yA mArgadarzaka taka bana jAte haiN| ye nahIM jAnate ki ve kisa vrata kA kisa aMza meM pAlana kara rahe haiM aura unakI kyA gati hogI? hA~, sneha kI, mamatA kI, karuNA kI aura pArasparikatA kI sAdhanA manuSya ke lie mahAkaThina hai| zrAvaka isI mahAkaThina sAdhanA karane meM jIvana ko khapAtA hai| vratoM kI saMkhyA kA yA unakI zAstrIya paribhASAoM kA, sImA-rekhA kA mahattva suvistRta evaM mArgasUcaka paTTikAe~ haiM ki mArga lambA hai yA kaMTakAkIrNa, sUnA hai yA bhayAvanA; lU-lapaTa vAlA hai yA dhUla-dhakkar3a se bharA hai; Ubar3a-khAbar3a hai yA sIdhA-samatala Ter3hA-mer3hA hai yA uuNcaa-niicaa| manuSya kI zArIrikazakti evaM sAmarthya kI eka sImA hai| yaha manuSya kI vivekazakti para nirbhara hai ki vaha deza, kAla, zakti, paristhiti dekhakara patha para kitanI U~cAI taka jAne meM samartha hai| vrata eka bhI ho sakatA hai, bAraha bhI ho sakate haiM aura bAraha sau bhI ho sakate haiN| eka vrata ke aMza ke ananta AyAma ho sakate haiM aura pratyeka vyakti ke lie alaga-alaga ho sakate haiN| jainadharma ne sadaiva vyaktisvAtantrya ko sarvopari mahattva diyA hai| manuSya kA dharma vaiyaktika aura sAmUhika donoM prakAra kA hai| usake puruSArtha kI saphalatA isI meM hai ki vaha donoM meM saMtulana saadhe| pravAhazIla paraMparA meM se apanI upayogitA aura AvazyakatAnusAra sAratattva grahaNa karake Age bar3hane meM hI sArthakatA hai| yaha vijJAna aura vikAsazIlatA kA yuga hai| yoM yuga kabhI avaijJAnika nahIM rahA, samAja sadaiva pragatizIla hI rahA hai| phira bhI Aja yuga antarikSa vaijJAnikatA meM praveza kara gayA hai| mAnava ne apane se sahasroM gunA zakti, yaMtroM meM saMcita karake samaya aura dehazakti kI bacata karane meM saphalatA prApta kara lI hai| samAja kA svarUpa aura nakzA bar3I tejI se badalatA jA rahA hai aura yaha badalAva hI usake vikAsa kA dyotaka hai| isa badalAva se manuSya nita nUtanatA prApta karatA hai aura jIrNa-zIrNa ko utAratA-pheMkatA calatA hai| zAstra-nirdezita vidhAna yA paribhASAe~ usake samakSa naye-naye pariveza tathA naye-naye artha meM
Page #10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 10 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 prastuta hotI haiM aura isa taraha vaha kriyAjar3atA meM na ulajhakara pragati karatA jAtA hai vratoM ke paripAlana meM jar3atA tabhI AtI hai, jaba vratoM kI lIka pITI jAtI hai-lIka piTatI raha jAtI hai, jIvana Age bar3ha cukA hotA hai| makSikA ke sthAna para makSikA to mArakara hI rakhI jA sakatI hai| jar3a zabdoM kI pakar3a meM gatizIlatA kahA~? vratapAlana kA vidhAna yA saMketa yA saMkhyA isalie nahIM hai ki vaisA karane se manuSya ko pratiSThA yA svarga kA aizvarya mile| kisI bhI prakAra kI kAmanA kI AkaMkSA se vrata kA pAlana karanA bhayajanya palAyana hai, samasyAoM se muMha curAnA hai aura sadAcaraNa kA, sAmAjika dAyitva kA saudA karanA hai-apane ko becane jaisA hai| zakti aura sAmarthya se hIna dAsavRtti se bharA huA manuSya AdezoM kA akSaraza: pAlana karake svAmibhakta yA priya pAtra banA raha sakatA hai aura isa kalA meM vaha abhyAsa dvArA itanA niSNAta bhI ho sakatA hai ki usameM koI galatI yA cUka na ho itanA yAMtrika bana sakatA hai| lekina yahI sabase bar3I AtmabaMcanA hai| AtmabaMcaka yA jar3a manuSya vratoM kA pAlana bar3I sAvadhAnI tathA satarkatApUrvaka karate haiN| bAra-bAra ve zAstroM ke pramANa bhI prastuta karate haiN| naitikatA kA, saMyama kA dhArmikatA kA mukhauTA lagAkara vicarane vAle hI ye loga vratoM se apane bacAva ke aneka upAya khoja lete haiN| isa lokavyApI jar3atA meM se hI dikhAvA, chalAvA aura bhulAvA nipajatA hai| niyamoM tathA AdezoM kA pAlana to sainika aura kArakhAne ke majadUra bhI karate haiM, sarkasa ke prANI bhI karate haiN| lekina ise AMtarika vikAsa kA pramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| niyamoM yA vratoM kA andhAnukaraNa AkarSaka aura camatkArika ho sakatA hai, lekina usameM svAyatta cetanA nahIM hotI / zrAvaka vratoM kA pAlana vratoM se Upara uThane ke lie karatA hai, apane ko mA~jane ke lie karatA hai| vratAtIta avasthA hI mukti hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ahiMsA, saMyama va tapa rUpa dharma ko 'utkRSTa maMgala' kahA hai| jisa vyakti meM isakA darzana hotA hai, use devatA bhI namana karate haiN| pA~ca vratoM ko bhI ina tInoM meM samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai acaurya aura aparigraha saMyama meM A jAte haiM, satya aura brahmacarya tapa meM aura sabake saba ahiMsA meM samA jAte haiM ahiMsA pAramparika rUr3ha artha meM jIvadayA yA jIvarakSaNa nahIM hai ahiMsAvratI zrAvaka ke samakSa antarmukhI jIvana kI sahasravidha dhArAe~ nitya naye rUpoM meM vyakta hotI rahatI haiM aura sabhI dhArAe~ paraspara virodhI bhI bhAsatI haiN| vastutaH ahiMsA to Atmavat sarvabhUteSu kA carama utkarSa hai / isameM sImA aura maryAdA kA, pramANa aura aMza kA, saMkalpa aura vikalpa kA, kama aura jyAdA kA, suvidhA aura asuvidhA kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| vahA~ to jIvana kI pratyeka kriyA ahiMsA se otaprota hogii| vahI abhivyakta hogii| kriyAe~ yA to ahiMsaka hotI haiM yA phira hiMsaka / AMzika ahiMsA kA vrata lekara kucha kriyAoM ke karane meM hiMsA kI chUTa lenA eka prakAra se apanI kamajorI kA bacAva karanA hai yA apanI vAsanA ko chUTa denA hai| kriyA mAtra meM hiMsA mAnakara akriyamANa hokara baiTha jAnA bhI ahiMsA kA majAka hai| kriyA kA saMbandha bAhya se adhika AMtarika hai| kriyAzIlatA ke abhAva meM ahiMsA kI kalpanA taka nahIM kI jA sktii| kriyAzIlatA hI ahiMsA kI kasauTI hai|
Page #11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 11 ___ eka udAharaNa se hama apanI bAta spaSTa kreN| eka AdamI ko jora kI pyAsa lagI hai| vaha aise kSetra meM hai jahAM mIloM taka pAnI kA milanA kaThina hai| kisI taraha eka gilAsa pAnI kA prabandha ho sakA hai| gilAsa usake hAtha meM A gayA hai aura muMha se lagAte-lagAte eka dUsarA pyAsA A jAtA hai| vaha gilAsa use thamA diyA jAtA hai| isa kriyA meM ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa tInoM nihita haiN| tInoM kI samaveta anubhUti prathama pyAse manuSya meM apAra AnaMda bhara detI hai| jaba manuSya 'kSemaM sarvaprajAnAM' kI udAtta bhAvanA se jIne lagatA hai, taba usameM apane-parAye kA bheda raha hI nahIM jAtA hai| usakA bhoga bhI yoga bana jAtA hai, calanA hI parikramA bana jAtI hai, zayana hI praNati bana jAtI hai, karma hI pUjA bana jAtA hai, zrama-sveda hI amRtarasa bana jAtA hai| usakA vacana hI zAstra bana jAtA hai| saMpUrNa triloka usI ke rUpAkAra meM vyakta ho uThatA hai| usakA yahI Ananda dharma use saMsAra-du:kha se uThAkara uttama sukha meM adhiSThita karatA hai| yaha uttama sukha na paraloka kI vastu hai, na kraya kI jAne vAlI ciij| isalie zrAvaka ke lie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha niraMtara zravaNa karatA rahatA hai-pAMcoM iMdriyoM kI kSamatA kA saMyamapUrvaka samyak upayoga karatA hai, unheM sAmyayoga meM ekAkAra kara detA hai, na unako bahakane detA hai, na unako bAMdhakara rakhatA hai| usakI lokAbhimukha, phira bhI yoganiSTha samagratA niraMtara apramAda meM, ramaNIyatA meM, sarasatA meM hiloreM mAratI rahatI hai, prema kA athAha sAgara isameM gaMbhIra dhvani garjana karatA rahatA hai| vaha pratipala vartamAna meM, abhinava vartamAna meM rahatA hai| apane karma ko bhUta va bhaviSya se jor3ane kI bhUla vaha nahIM krtaa| vartamAna hI usakA satya hotA hai, yahI usakA saMbala hotA hai| zrAvaka kA darzana vizuddha hotA hai| mithyAtva athavA bhrAMti ke aMdhakAra se vaha ujjvala prakAza meM A gayA hotA hai| vaha apane ko sabameM aura sabako apane meM dekhatA hai| jAti, veza, liMga, paraMparA, varNa, varga sabake prati usakI dRSTi AtmarUpa hotI hai, samatApUrNa hotI hai| vaha ni:zaMkita bhAva se dRr3hatApUrvaka sabako apane meM sthira karate hue, pyAra kI amRta varSA karate hue, ni:kAMkSa hokara vAtsalya bAMTatA calatA hai| ratnatraya kA mora mukuTa dhAraNa kara prema kI baMsI bajAte hue vaha pArasparika jugupsA vA ghRNAbhAvanA para vijaya prApta karatA hai, doSoM kI ora usakA dhyAna hI nahIM jAtA, balki apanApana itanA pragAr3ha ho jAtA hai ki sabake aneka doSa use apane meM hI saMcita dikhAI dene lagate haiN| vaha rAga kI jvAlA se bacane-bacAne ke lie prayatnazIla ho uThatA hai| aise aSTaguNadhArI samyagdRSTi zrAvaka kA bAhya jIvana bhI nadI kI bhAMti sadA saukhyakArI hotA hai| usake AsapAsa bahane vAlI vAyu bhI jagat ke jIvoM ke prANoM kA saMcAra karatI hai| usake smita mAtra se yA dRSTikSepa mAtra se prakRti rasaplAvita ho uThatI hai| zrAvaka svayaM nahIM jAnatA ki vaha kyA hai? usakA jIvana kaisA hai? vaha to basa samAja meM rahatA hai, bahatA hai aura jala kI bhAMti jahAM riktatA dekhatA hai, daur3a jAtA hai aura riktatA ko bhara detA hai| vastutaH jIvana kA Ananda dUsaroM ko jIne kA avasara dekara, dUsaroM ko jilAkara jIne meM hai| atithisaMvibhAga vrata isI ora iMgita karatA hai| bAMTakara khAne kA Ananda anirvacanIya hai| 'jIo aura jIne do' se yaha bhUmikA U~cI aura udAtta hai|
Page #12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 'jilAkara jIo' meM eka mAnavIya sparza hai, rasAnubhUti hai, sahaja pAvana saMsparza hai| zrAvaka zramaNatva kA upAsaka arthAt zramika hotA hai| na vaha kisI kA svAmI bananA cAhatA hai, na kisI ko dAsa bnaanaa| zramapUrNa karmaThatA aura karma ko akarma banA DAlane kI sAdhanA hI usake jIvana kA sauMdarya hai| jaina AcAra meM zrAvaka kI gyAraha pratimAoM kA vidhAna hai| ye manuSya ko uttarottara sevA kI parAkASThA taka pahu~cAtI haiN| pAraMparika zabdArtha aura AcAra praNAlI meM to Aja ina pratimAoM kA uddezya hI lupta ho gayA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki ina pratimAoM (sopAnoM) ke pratipAlaka khAna-pAna ke jhamele se yA prapaMca se Upara nahIM uTha pA rahe haiN| Aja kA gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI bhI samyakapa meM pahalI pratimA para khar3A nahIM ho pA rahA hai| U~cA se U~cA dezasevaka yA janasevaka banane kI dRSTi se ina pratimAoM meM adbhuta Azaya nihita hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa kA triveNI-saMgama ina pratimAoM kA prANatattva hai| satyaM, zivaM aura sundaraM kA samaveta svarUpa pratimAdhAraka ke roma-roma se vyakta ho, tabhI vaha zrAvaka kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| zrAvaka dharma kI paripUrNatA meM zrAvikA ke yogadAna ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| donoM milakara zrAvakatva ko paripUrNatA pradAna karate haiN| zucirbhUta zrAvikA kI kokha se hI dharmatIrtha ke pravartaka tIrthakara Adi mahAprANa puruSottama avatarita hote haiN| zrAvikA hI zrAvaka ko parama akAma meM le jAtI hai| mokSa yA paramabrahma kI sAdhanA ke lie use tajakara araNyavAsa karane kI, palAyana kI bhUmikA ne hI samAja aura vyakti ko uttama sukha se vaMcita kara diyA hai| nitAMta akriya vyaktimattA adhyAtma ke nAma para pujane lagI aura zrama kI yathArtha devI zrAvikA tiraskRta ho gyii| bhedamUlaka dRSTi ke kAraNa hI Aja zrAvaka dharma apanA mahattva evaM prabhAva kho baiThA hai| kahate haiM mahAvIra ke saMgha meM zrAvakoM se dogunI saMkhyA zrAvikAoM kI thI aura ve saMgha kA saMcAlana bhI karatI thiiN| nArI ko, zrAvikA ko, jagajjananI ko naraka kI khAna yA vAsanA kI putalI kahakara manuSya ne apane ko samagra brahma se tor3a liyA hai aura samajha yaha rahA hai ki vaha brahma meM ramaNa kara rahA hai! isa bhrAMti aura mithyAcaraNa kA pariNAma sAmane hai| vrata sAdhya nahIM, sAdhana mAtra haiN| vrata tabhI taka upayogI evaM Avazyaka haiM, jaba taka mana meM dvaita hai, tamas kA AcaraNa chAyA hai yA vikAroM kA prabhAva hai| antataH to vratAtIta honA hI mukti hai| vratAtIta hue binA vAstavika Ananda, sahajAnubhUti saMbhava nhiiN| mukti kI kAmanA se mukta hue binA mukti nhiiN| calanA sIkha jAne para bAlaka mA~ kI aMgulI taja detA hai, vaise hI vrata pIche chUTa jAne caahie| vratoM meM uttIrNa hokara hI zrAvakatva kA kamala khilatA hai| zarIra ke aMgoM kA svastha sthiti meM jaise bhAra nahIM lagatA, patA hI nahIM calatA, vaise hI vrata bhArarUpa nahIM hone caahie| kAmanA, pratiSThA, yazasvitA yA bhaya se vratoM kA pAlana karanA bhAra hI hai| isase pratikriyA paidA hotI hai aura yaha manuSya ko patana meM DhakelatI hai| zrAvaka kA jIvana sahaja hotA hai, vaha kevala prasannatA ke lie pravRtta hotA hai| usameM koI zalya nahIM raha jaatii| usakA citta candana kI taraha zItala ho jAtA hai| vaha
Page #13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 svArtha aura paramArtha meM eka jaisA hotA hai| usake vyavahAra meM paramArtha bhI hotA hai aura paramArtha meM bhI vaha vyavahAra kI bhUmikA ko heya nahIM maantaa| vaha AtmagaveSaka hotA hai| samasta Rddhi-siddhiyA~ use apane bhItara dIkhane lagatI haiM aura vaha apanI AMtarika lakSmI ke kAraNa lakhapati hotA hai| usakA hRdaya virAga rasa se ApUrita sukhasAgara hotA hai| moha kI abhedya caTTAna ko bhedane kI akUta zakti usameM A jAtI hai| usakA prayAsa apane meM apane ko pAne kA hotA hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa ne mugdhabhAva se aise samyaktvI zrAvaka kI, pAradarzI zrAvaka kI, prakAzapuMja zrAvaka kI vaMdanA kI hai| hama yahA~ unake nATaka samayasAra se aise tInoM kavitta uddhRta kara rahe haiM: bheda-vijJAna jagyau jinhake ghaTa, zItala citta bhayau jimi cndn| keli kareM ziva-mAraga maiM, jagamAMhi jinesura ke lghunndn| satya svarUpa sadA jinhakai, pragaTyau avadAta mithyaat-nikndn| saMta dazA tinhakI pahicAna, karai kara jori banArasi vndn|| svAratha ke sAMce paramAratha ke sAMce citta sAMce, sAMce baina kahaiM, sAMce jainamatI haiN| kAhU ke viruddha nAhiM,parajAya-buddhi nAhiM, AtamagaveSI, na gRhastha haiM na jatI haiN| siddhi-riddhi vRddhi dIsai ghaTa meM pragaTa sadA,antara kI lacchIsauM ajAcI lacchapatI haiN| dAsa bhagavaMta ke, udAsa rahaiM jagata sauM, sukhiyA sadIva, aise jIva samakitI haiN| jAke ghaTa pragaTa viveka gaNadhara ko sau, hiradai harakha mahAmoha kauM haratu hai| sAMcau sukha mAnai nija mahimA aDola jAnaiM, Apuhi maiM Apano subhAva lai dharatu hai| jaise jala-kardama kataka-phala bhinna karai, taiseM jIva-ajIva bilAna karatu hai| Atama sakati sAthai, jJAna ko udau ArAdhai, soI samakitI bhavasAgara taratu hai| -maMgalAcaraNa, samyagdRSTi kI stuti samyaktvI zrAvaka kA bhavasAgara yoM hI pAra nahIM ho jAtA- abhyAsa, sAdhanA aura sAtatya se hI maMjila nikaTa AtI hai| palabhara kI asAvadhAnI janma-janmAntara taka vyathA meM, pIr3A meM, du:kha ke mahAgarta meM le jAtI hai| gamanasiddha paira, varSoM ke abhyAsa ke pazcAt bhI isa taraha lar3akhar3A yA phisala jAte haiM ki uThanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| samyaktvI sAdhaka apane zarIra ko devAlaya mAnakara use sakSama, pavitra, svaccha rakhatA hai| anAvazyaka bhAra lAdakara kAyA ko satAnA vaha pApa samajhatA hai| tana ko vaha kAragRha nahIM samajhatA, use paMgu aura kSINa nahIM krtaa| basa itanA hI samajhatA hai ki deha sAdhana hai, para sAdhana ko bhI sAdhya meM aise ekarUpa kara detA hai jaise dUdha meM shrkraa| vaha apane tana kI upekSA nahIM karatA, use dharohara samajhatA hai| usakI samasta indriya pravRttiyA~ itanI sahaja, nama, kamanIya, sundara bana jAtI haiM ki usakA sparzamAtra zItalatA pradAna karatA hai| isake lie vaha katipaya guNoM kI apane meM avadhAraNA karatA hai| pArasparika vyavahAra kI kasauTI ye hI guNa haiM, jina para vaha kharA utarane kA prayAsa karatA hai| ye guNa mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ke zabdoM meM ikkIsa haiM jo mAnava kI vyApaka niSThA, udAtta manobhAvanA aura sahaja karmaThatA ke paricAyaka haiN|
Page #14
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 ye guNa paraspara pUraka to haiM hI, ekarUpa bhI haiM, akhaNDa srota kI bhaaNti| ye guNa to manuSya ko 'ikkIsa' yAnI paripUrNa yA ahiMsaka banA dete haiN| kavi ke zabdoM meM ve guNa haiM: lajjAvaMta dayAvaMta prasaMta pratItavaMta, paradoSa ko DhakaiyA, para-upakArI hai| saumadRSTi, gunagrAhI gariSTa, sabakauM iSTa, ziSTapakSI, miSTavAdI, dIraghavicArI hai| vizeSajJa, rasajJa, kRtajJa, tajJa, dharamajJa, na dIna na abhimAnI, madhya-vivahArI hai| sahajai vinIta pApakriyA soM atIta, aiso zrAvaka punIta ikabIsa gunadhArI hai|| nATakasamayasAra, adhi. 14, pada 54 - abhaya kuTIra, sAranAtha vArANasI (u0pra) parigrahaH mUrchAbhAva kahate haiM satya bar3A kar3avA amRta hai| jo ise himmata karake eka bAra pI letA hai vaha amara ho jAtA hai aura jo ise girA detA hai vaha sadA pachatAtA hai| hama eka aisA satya kahane jA rahe haiM jise janamAnasa jAnatA hai, mAnatA nahIM aura yadi mAnatA hai to usa satya kA anugamana nahIM krtaa| usa dina eka sajjana mere hastAkSara lene A ge| dUra se Ae the, kaha rahe the- Apake sulajhe aura nirbhIka vicAroM ko 'anekAnta' meM par3hatA rahatA huuN| kAraNavaza dillI AnA huaa| socA Apake darzana karatA cluuN| unake Agrahavaza maiMne hastAkSara de die| ve par3hakara bole-Apa jaina haiM, Apane apane ko jaina nahIM likhA- kevala padmacandra zAstrI likhA hai| maiMne kahA-hA~, maiM aisA hI likhatA huuN| isase Apa aisA na samajheM ki maiM isa samudAya kA nhiiN| maiM to isI meM paidA huA hU~, bar3A bhI isI meM huA hU~ aura cAhatA hU~ marU~ bhI yhiiN| kAza! loga mujhe jaina hokara marane deM! yAnI- 'ye tana jAve to jAve, mujhe jainadharma mila jaave'| maiMne kahA- para abhI mujhe jaina yA jina banane ke lie kyA kucha, aura kitanA karanA par3egA? yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki yadi maiM mUrchA-parigraha ko kRza kara sakU to vaha dina dUra nahIM rahegA jaba maiM apane ko jaina likha skuuN| sAbhAra- mUla jaina saMskRtiH aparigraha
Page #15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmasvarUpa (gatAMka se Age) - pro. udayacanda jaina uttama-tavadhammo caraNa- ujjamo tavo tappade tavayaNaM saMjamaNaM NiyeppaM suddhasarUve so tvo| jo Ada-sahAvaM jANiduM NiccaM jhAdi arahaM kasAya-iMdiya-visaya-samaNatthaM kuNedi saMjamaM NANa-NilayaM NAduM sajjhedi sajjhAyaM dhammaNANaM sukkajjhANaM pattuM caredi radaNattaya dhmme| uttama tapa dharma cAritra ke prati udyama honA tapa hai| tapAnA, saMyamana karanA aura nijAtma ke zuddha svarUpa kI ora agrasara honA tapa hai| jo Atma svabhAva jAnane ke lie arhat ko dhyAtA, kaSAya, indriya viSaya meM zamanArtha saMyama pAlana karanA, jJAna nilaya ko jAnane ke lie svAdhyAya tathA dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna kI prApti ko ratnatraya dharma meM praviSTa hotA hai| bhagavadI ArAhaNAe paNNatto caraNammi tammi jo ujjamo ya AuMjaNA ya jo hodi| so eva jiNehi tavo bhaNido asaDhaM crNtss| (bha.A. 10) bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM kahA gayA hai- cAritra meM jo udyama zIla hotA hai, usakA tapa dharma hotA hai| jo sammadaMsaNaM ritto koddi-tvN-tvejjde| Natthi taM bohi lAho vi icchaanniroh-sNvro|| jo samyagdarzana ke binA karor3oM varSoM taka tapa karatA hai, usako bodhilAbha nahIM hotA hai| tapa icchAoM ke nirodha kA nAma hai| suddhovajoga visuddha Ade saMlINattaNaM ca bhAsade tvo| so duvidho paNNattoaNasaNomodariya-vitti-parisaMkhANa rs-priccaag-vivittsejjaasnn-kaaykilosaa| pAyacchitta-viNaya-veyyAvacca-sajjhAya-ussagga-jhANaM c| tAvaejja aTThavidha kamma ca tvo| kammakkhayatthaM tappade saahgo| zuddhopayoga vizuddha AtmA meM saMlInatA ko bhI tapa kahate haiN| vaha do prakAra kA kahA gayA- anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, vivikta zaiyAsana aura kAyakleza se chaha bAhya tapa haiN| prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna ye chaha aMtaraMga tapa haiN| jo ATha prakAra ke karma ko tapAtA hai vaha tapa hai| sAdhaka karmakSayArtha tapatA hai|
Page #16
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 uttamacAgo saMvibhAgo tti caago| Airiya-uvajjhAya-sAhuNo samma vihiM puvvagaM saMvibhAgo AhArAdINaM uttama caago| uttamatyAga-saMvibhAga karanA tyAga hai| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ko AhArAdi kA samyak vidhipUrvaka saMvibhAga karanA/ dAna denA uttama tyAga hai| saMjadassa sujoggaM ca nnaannaadidaann-sttinnaa| jadhAvihi-pajujjaMtaM tassa cAgo havedi hi|| cAgo Niutti-saMgatto bahirabhitaro tti| kattikeya muNiNA paNNatto jo cayadi miTThabhojjaM uvayaraNaM raay-dos-sNjnnyN| vasadi mamattahetuM cAyaguNo so have tss|| (kArtikeyAnuprekSA.401) saMyata ke yogya jJAnAdi kA yathAzakti, yathAvidhi yukta dAna denA tyAga hai| parigraha- bAhya aura AbhyaMtara hote haiM, unakI nivRtti tyAga hai| kArtikeya muni ne kahA- jo miSThabhojana, upakaraNa, rAga-dveSa kI pravRtti, vasati evaM mamatva ke kAraNoM ko chor3atA hai usakA tyAga guNa hotA hai| ___ sattiNo cAga dANaM ca aahaaraabhy-nnaanngN| sa-para-uvakArassa aNuggahassa adisaggo daannN| appaNo see appa-kallANe radA sAhagA tesiM sAhagANaM radaNattaya vigAsatthaM appadavvassa adisajjaNaM dANaM cAgo tti| zakti se dAna/ denA tyAga hai| vaha AhAra, abhaya aura jJAna rUpa hai| sva-para upakAra yA anugraha ke lie tyAga karanA dAna hai| jo apane zreya evaM AtmakalyANa meM rata sAdhaka haiM, una sAdhakoM ke ratnatraya vikAsa hetu apane dravya kA atisarjana, dAna denA tyAga hai| appavitta pariccAgo daannN| cAga-mAhappo- jo jaNo bahirabhitara-pariggahAdo Nivvutto hodi tassa caago| cAgeNa jAdi pArivAriga suhaM sAmAjiga-suha-saMtI raTThiya-jIvaNa vigaasotti| apane dhana kA parityAga dAna hai| tyAga kI mahimA-jo manuSya bAhya aura Abhyantara parigraha se nivRtta hotA hai, usakA tyAga hotA hai| tyAga se pArivArika sukha, sAmAjika sukha zAnti hotI hai, isase rASTrIya jIvana bhI vikasita hotA hai| cAge suhaM duhaM bhoge| rAga-dosa-pariccAge Ada-hido para-hido vi| aNuvajogIahidayArI vatthUNaM pariccAgaM No bhAsade caago| sottu vihidavva-dAu-patta-visesAdo jadi diNNaM tado so suhaM uppjjedi| cAgo vatthu saMvibhAge vi hodi| tyAga meM sukha hai aura bhoga meM duHkh| rAga-dveSa ke parityAga hone para apanA aura dUsare kA hita hotA hai| anupayogI, ahitakArI Adi vastuoM ke parityAga ko tyAga nahIM khte| vaha to vidhi pUrvaka dAtA ke dvArA pAtra kI vizeSatA se yadi diyA gayA hai, usase vaha tyAga sukha utpanna karatA hai| tyAga vastu ke saMvibhAga se bhI hotA hai| uttama sAhago patto so radaNattaya maggagAmI paDidiNaM appahidaM parihidaM ca kuvvedi| No kevalaM para davvANaM dANaM cAgo, avittu paradavvANiM paDi jAyamANaM
Page #17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 rAgassa dosassa mohassa hodi| Niyappa-suddhappA vihAvAdo adiduuro| so sahAveNa Nimmalo NiraMjaNo tti| dANe hodi paruvayArabhAvo, cAge aadhido|| uttama sAdhaka pAtra haiM, vaha sadA ratnatraya mArgagAmI apanA hita aura dUsare kA hita bhI karatA hai| na kevala paradravyoM ko denA tyAga hai, apitu para dravyoM ke prati utpanna hone vAle rAga, dveSa evaM moha kA tyAganA/ chor3a denA tyAga hai| nijAtma zuddhAtmA vibhAvoM se atidUra hai| vaha svabhAva se nirmala evaM niraMjana bhI hai| dAna meM paropakAra bhAva hotA hai aura tyAga meM aatmhit| uttama AkiMcaNha dhammo NissaMga Niya-appANaM nnipprigghsNlhe| AkiMcaNha samo dhammo vatthu gahaNa muttinno|| uttama AkiMcanya dharma jo nissaMga apane Atma svarUpa ko parigraha se rahita dekhatA hai jo vastu grahaNa se rahita haiN| una zramaNa kA AkiMcanya dharma hai| sayalagaMtha cAgo aakiNcnnhdhmmo| gaMtho tti pariggaho so bahirabbhiMtaro duvidho| tatto NissaMgo hodUNa jo sAhago AdasahAvaM jhAedi tassa vaTTadi aakiNcnnhdhmmo| jahA~ sakala graMtha/parigraha kA tyAga hai vahA~ AkiMcanya dharma hai| graMtha kA artha parigraha hai jo bAhya aura AbhyaMtara do prakAra kA hai| usakA nissaMga hokara jo sAdhaka Atma svabhAva ko dhyAtA hai, usakA bhAva AkiMcanyadharma hotA hai| No kiMcaNaM atthi taM aakiNcnnh| AkiMcaNhattaNaM sayalagaMthacAgo savvaloga-vavahAra-virado Nippariggaho NirAraMbho sarIra-sakkAra-pariharo tti| Natthi tti kiMcaNo AkiMcaNho tassa bhAvo kammo vA aakiNcnnh| hodUNa ya NissaMgo NiyabhAvaM Niggahittu suh-duhd| NibaMdaNa du vadi aNayAro tssaakiNcnnh|| jisake kucha nahIM, use AkiMcanya kahate haiN| AkiMcanya arthAt sakalagranthatyAga, sarvaloka vyavahAra se virata niSparigraha, nirAraMbha evaM zarIra saMskAra se rahita honA hai| kucha bhI nahIM honA AkiMcana hai, usakA bhAvakarma AkiMcanya hai| jo anagAra ni:saMga hokara apane sukha-du:kha ke nijabhAva ko grahaNa karake nirdvandabhAva se yukta honA AkiMcanya hai| AdabhAva aNusIlaNaM (dvAdazAnuprekSA.79) bahi-abhiMtara-pariggaha-sayalacAgaM kuNidUNa jo caredi Ada-bhAve tassa AkiMcaNha- dhammo hodi| Asatti-mamatta-mucchA pariggaho tassa kiMci No bhAvo me| AtmabhAva kA anuzIlana bAhya aura AbhyaMtara parigraha kA pUrNa tyAga karake jo AtmabhAva meM ramaNa karatA hai, usakA AkiMcanya dharma hotA hai| Asakti, mamatva evaM mUrchA parigraha hai| merA usake lie kucha bhAva nhiiN|
Page #18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 kAya kammuvahi savve yahi priggho| abdhiMtara pariggaho rAgo doso moho kAmo koho loho Aditi / tesiM paricattiduM kovi samattho No / bahi-abbhitarasaMgAdo gotha hodi tattha atthi AkiMcanha dhammo / bhAvapAhuDamhi kuMdakuMdeNa paNNattobhAva-visuddhi- NimittaM bahira-gaMdhassa kIrae bAgo / bAhiracAovihalo abdhiMtara gaMdha-juttassa // 18 kAya, karma aura upAdhi se sabhI bAhya parigraha haiN| Abhyantara parigraha rAga, dveSa, moha, kAma, krodha evaM lobha Adi haiN| unake chor3ane ke lie koI bhI samartha nahIM hai| bAhya aura AbhyaMtara saMga se jahA~ dUrI hai vahA~ hai AkiMcanyadharma / bhAvapAhuDa meM kuMdakuMda svAmI ne kahAbhAva vizuddhi ke nimitta bahiraMga graMtha/ parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai, parantu rAgAdi bhAva rUpa AbhyaMtara parigraha ke tyAga binA yaha viphala hai| mucchA pariggaho / vatyuM paDi padatthaM paDi atvaM paDi mucchA Asatti kaMkhA ahilAsA saMggahassa icchA parapadatyagahaNassa bhAvaNA parigaho tti mamidaM buddhilakkhaNo pariggaho / parapadatvANaM mamattabhAvo timicchtto| micchattA bhAvAdo AkiMcanhadhammo // mUrcchA parigraha hai| vastu, padArtha, artha ke prati mUrcchA, Asakti, AkAMkSA, abhilASA, saMgraha kI icchA evaM parapadArtha ke grahaNa kI bhAvanA parigraha hai| yaha merA hai, aisI buddhi karanA parigraha hai para padArthoM ke prati mamatva bhAva honA midhyAtva hai| mithyAtva ke abhAva se AkiMcanya dharma hai| jassa No kiMcaNaM atthi so tti AkiMcaNI hve| tassa bhAvo AkiMcanhaM sammatta - paDibhAvaNA / upAdeyo tti sammatto radaNattaya-bhAvaNA / appaNo pariNAmo ti mujja muNi mANavA // jisakA kucha nahIM, vaha AkiMcana hai, usakA bhAva (tyAga kA bhAva ) AkiMcanya hai, samyaktva kI uttama bhAvanA hai| jo muni yA mananazIla vyakti hote haiM, ve apane Atma pariNAma yukta ratnatraya kI bhAvanA samyaktva hai, aisA socakara use upAdeya mAnate haiN| uttama bahucege baMbhe carijja- appaNo baMhacero savvasaMga vimutto AdA so eva baMbho tamhi ceva cariyo bNbhcero| NANa-sarUva-AdA baMho tamhi sammacariyaM baMhacero baMho baMho eva bahamhi ghareja jo tarasa muNejja bahaceriyo / ahiMsAdi guNA jariMsa biddhiM papeMti baDDhati tassa NAmo baMho tassi jo carejja tassa baMhaceradhammo / savvaMgaM pecchaMto itthINaM tAsu muyadi dubbhAvaM / so bahacerabhAvaM sakkadi khalu duddharaM dharadi / ( dvA.80) uttama brahmacarya jo brahma rUpa meM apane AtmA meM vicaraNa karatA hai vaha brahmacarya hai| sabhI parigraha se vimukta AtmA hai, vahI AtmA brahma hai, usameM hI vicaraNa karanA brahmacarya hai| jJAna svarUpa AtmA brahma hai, usameM samyak rUpa meM sthita honA brahmacarya hai| brahma brahma hai, usa brahma meM
Page #19
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 sthita honA brahmacarya kahalAtA hai| ahiMsAdi guNa jisameM bar3hate haiM usakA nAma brahma hai, usameM jo vicaraNa karatA hai, usakA brahmacarya dharma hotA hai| striyoM ke sabhI aMgoM ko dekhatA huA, jo unameM durbhAva / kAmanA ko chor3atA hai, usameM mugdha nahIM hotA hai, vahIM durdhara brahmacarya dhAraNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| jo itthI visayAhilAsaM paricattidRNa vahaNi appaNi appe suddha yuddha pabuddha-carie carejja taM baMhaceraM vadaMte evaM sAhagA patteMti / - jo striyoM kI viSayAbhilASA ko chor3akara apane brahma svarUpa zuddha, buddha evaM prabuddha AtmA meM vicaraNa karatA hai, usa brahmacarya vrata ko ve hI sAdhaka prApta karate haiN| sadArasaMtoso aMgaNANaM savyaMgANi mada-moha Asatti kAmuttejagA sNti| upattANupatte vi tesiM paDi AsattI No jAyade jassa tassa baMhacera dhammo sadArasaMtoso eva / sva-dAra - saMtoSa - aMganAoM ke pratyeka aMga, mada, moha, Asakti evaM kAma bhAvanA ko utpanna karate haiN| unheM prApta yA aprApta na hone para bhI usameM Asakti na honA brahmacarya hai, jisake usameM Asakti nahIM hotI, usakA brahmacarya dharma hai vaha svadAra saMtoSI hai| 19 bahacariya-ajjhaSya vigAsarasa merudaMDo paradavya-vigada suddha-buddha-NANa- sarUva Nimmala - Adamhi saMlaggedi jo tassa baMhacera dhammo jaadi| AdAbaMhaparo suddho boha-liya- Nimmalo / vadesu savva-ukkiTTho so adviMdiya - NaMdago || deha viratta - sANaMdo sammadaMsaNa - NANago Ada-saMsida ArAmo uttama baMhacerigo / anaMta NANadaMsaNa- suha- saMtijuda - Ada-sahAvotthi tamhi vaha Adamhi rado jo hodi tassa bNhcerdhmmo| esa sammattamUlo tthi niyama - NANa- daMsaNaM / cAritta cArU - ArAmo ramejja sAhu- sAhago // brahmacarya adhyAtma vikAsa kA merudaMDa hai| para dravyoM se vigata zuddha, buddha, jJAna svarUpa nirmala AtmA meM jo saMlagna hotA hai, usakA brahmacarya dharma hai| AtmA parabrahma svarUpa hai, zuddha hai, nirmala bodha kA nilaya hai| yaha sarvavratoM meM utkRSTa atIndriya AnaMda dene vAlA hai| jo deha se virakta, dehAsakti rahita samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna sahita AtmAzrita ArAma sthAna hai vaha brahmacarya hai| anaMtadarzana, anaMtajJAna, anaMtasukha evaM zAntiyukta AtmA kA svabhAva hai, usa Atma svabhAva meM jo rata hotA hai, usakA brahmacarya dharma hai| yaha samyaktva kA mUla hai, yaha niyama kA ArAma hai, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA ramaNIya udyAna hai| sAdhaka sAdhu isameM acchI taraha lIna hote haiN| baMhacerotthi ajjhappa dedippamANamaNI jA dhammigANaM dehiga-mANAsiga Nediga-guNaM paDi aakssedi| brahmacarya adhyAtma kI daidIpyamAna maNi hai, jo dhArmikajanoM ko zArIrika, mAnasika dRSTi se bhI naitika guNoM kI ora le jAtI hai| -pika kuMja aravindanagara, udayapura (rAjasthAna )
Page #20
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AryikAoM kI AcAra paddhati - pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' caturvidha saMgha meM AryikAoM kA sthAna____ muni, AryikA, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha meM 'AryikA' kA dUsarA sthAna hai| zvetAmbara jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna AgamoM meM bhI yadyapi inheM ajjA, AryA, AryikA kahA hai, kintu isa paraMparA meM prAyaH inheM 'sAdhvI" zabda kA jyAdA prayoga huA hai| prathama tIrthakara bhagavAn RSabhadeva se lekara aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra tathA inakI uttaravartI paraMparA meM AryikA saMgha kI eka vyavasthita AcAra paddhati evaM unakA svarUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai| zramaNa saMskRti ke unnayana meM inakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kI sabhI sarAhanA karate haiN| yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana ke AraMbhika kAla meM striyoM ko samAja meM pUrNa sammAna kA darjA prApta nahIM thA kintu unhoMne jaba samAja meM striyoM kI nimna sthiti tathA ghora upekSApUrNa jIvana dekhA to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne striyoM ko samAja aura sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sammAnapUrNa sthAna dene meM sabase pahale pahala kI aura Age Akara inhoMne apane saMgha meM striyoM ko 'AryikA' (samaNI yA sAdhvI) ke rUpa meM dIkSita karake inake Atma-sammAna evaM kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| isakA sIdhA prabhAva tatkAlIna bauddha saMgha para bhI par3A aura mahAtmA buddha ko bhI antataH apane saMgha meM striyoM ko bhikSuNI ke rUpa meM praveza denA prAraMbha karanA pdd'aa| AcAra viSayaka digambara paraMparA ke prAyaH sabhI graMthoM meM jisa vistAra ke sAtha muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra Adi kA vistRta evaM sUkSma vivecana milatA hai, AryikAoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA utanA svataMtra vivecana nahIM miltaa| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM muni aura AryikA meM kiMcit antara spaSTa karake AryikA ke lie muniyoM ke samAna hI AcAra-vicAra kA pratipAdana isa sAhitya meM milatA hai| mUlAcArakAra A. baTTekara evaM isake vRttikAra A. vasunandi ne kahA hai ki jaisA samAcAra (samyak-AcAra evaM vyavahAra Adi) zramaNoM ke lie kahA gayA hai usameM vRkSamUla, abhrAvakAza evaM AtApana Adi yogoM ko chor3akara ahorAtra saMbandhI saMpUrNa samAcAra AryikAoM ke lie bhI yathAyogya rUpa meM samajhanA caahie| isIlie svataMtra evaM vistRta rUpa meM AryikAoM ke AcArAdi kA pratipAdana Avazyaka nahIM samajhA gyaa| __ vastutaH vRkSamUlayoga (varSARtu meM vRkSa ke nIce khar3e hokara dhyAna karanA), AtApanayoga (pracaNDa dhUpa meM bhI parvata kI coTI para khar3e hokara dhyAna karanA), abhrAvakAza (zIta Rtu meM khule AkAza meM tathA grISma Rtu meM dina meM sUrya kI ora mukha karake khaDgAsana mudrA meM dhyAna karanA) evaM acelakatva (nagnatA) Adi kucha aise pakSa haiM, jo striyoM kI zArIrika
Page #21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 21 prakRti ke anukUla na hone ke kAraNa AryikAoM ko muniyoM jaise AcAra kA pAlana saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie unheM upacAra se mUlaguNoM kA dhAraka mAnA hai| isalie digambara paraMparA meM striyoM ko tadbhava mokSagAmI nahIM mAnA! kyoMki mokSa ke kAraNabhUta jo jJAnAdi guNa tathA tapa haiM, unakA prakarSa striyoM meM saMbhava nahIM hai| isI taraha ve sabase utkRSTa pApa ke kAraNabhUta aMtima (saptama) naraka bhI nahIM jA sakatIM, jabaki puruSa jA sakatA hai| isI taraha vastra grahaNa kI anivAryatA ke kAraNa bAhya parigraha tathA sva zarIra kA anurAgAdi rUpa Abhyantara parigraha bhI striyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai aura phira zAstroM meM vastrarahita saMyama striyoM ko nahIM batalAyA hai| ataH viraktAvasthA meM bhI striyoM ko vastra dhAraNa kA vidhAna hai| ata: nirdoSa hone para bhI unheM apanA zarIra sadA vastroM se Dhake rahanA par3atA hai| isIlie digambara paraMparA meM striyoM ko tadbhava mokSagAmI hone kA vidhAna nahIM hai|' AryikAoM meM upacAra se mahAvrata bhI zramaNa saMgha kI vyavasthA mAtra ke lie kahe gaye haiM kintu upacAra meM sAkSAt hone kI sAmarthya nahIM hotii| yadi strI tadbhava se mokSa jAtI hotI to sau varSa kI dIkSitA AryikA ke dvArA Aja kA navadIkSita muni bhI vaMdanIya kaise hotA? vaha AryikA hI usa zramaNa dvArA vaMdanIya kyoM na hotI?' virakta striyoM ko bhI vastra dhAraNa ke vidhAna meM unakI zarIra pravRtti hI mukhya kAraNa hai, kyoMki pratimAsa cittazuddhi kA vinAzaka rakta-sravaNa hotA hai, kokha, yoni aura stana Adi avayavoM meM kaI taraha ke sammUrchana sUkSmajIva utpanna aura maraNa ko prApta hote rahane se unase pUrNa saMyama kA pAlana saMbhava nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie inhIM saba kAraNoM ke sAtha hI svabhAva se pUrNa nirbhayatA, nirAkulatA evaM nirmalatA kA abhAva, pariNAmoM meM zithilatA kA sadbhAva tathA ni:zaMka rUpa meM ekAgracintA nirodha rUpa dhyAna kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa aisA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra pUrvokta kAraNoM ke sAtha hI uttama saMhanana ke abhAva ke kAraNa zuddhopayoga rUpa pariNAma evaM sAmAyikacAritra kI hI prApti honA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH inameM upacAra se hI mahAvrata kahe gaye haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke bRhatkalpa meM bhI kahA hai ki sAdhviyA~ bhikSu pratimAyeM dhAraNa nahIM kara sktiiN| lakuTAsana-utkaTukAsana, vIrAsana Adi Asana nahIM kara sktiiN| gA~va ke bAhara sUrya ke sAmane hAtha U~cA karake AtApanA nahIM le sakatIM tathA acela evaM apAtra (jinakalpa) avasthA dhAraNa nahIM kara sktiiN| isa sabake bAvajUda zvetAmbara paraMparA meM striyoM ko mokSa prApti kA adhikArI mAnA gayA hai| bauddha paraMparA meM bhI strI samyak-sambuddha nahIM ho sktii| AryikA ke lie prayukta zabda vartamAna samaya meM sAmAnyataH digambara paraMparA meM mahAvrata Adi dhAraNa karane vAlI dIkSita strI ko 'AryikA' tathA zvetAmbara paraMparA meM inheM 'sAdhvI' kahA jAtA hai| digambara prAcIna zAstroM meM inake lie AryikA, AryA, viratI, saMyatA, zramaNI4 Adi zabdoM ke prayoga milate haiN| pradhAna AryikA ko 'gaNinI tathA saMyama, sAdhanA evaM dIkSA meM jyeSTha
Page #22
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 vRddha AryikA ko sthavirA (therI)" kahA gayA hai| AryikAoM kA veSa___ AryikAyeM nirvikAra, zveta, nirmala vastra evaM veSa dhAraNa karane vAlI tathA pUrI taraha se zarIra saMskAra (sAja-zrRMgAra Adi) se rahita hotI haiN| unakA AcaraNa sadA apane dharma, kula, kIrti evaM dIkSA ke anurUpa nirdoSa hotA hai| AcArya vasunandI ke anusAraAryikAoM ke vastra, veSa aura zarIra Adi vikRti se rahita, svAbhAvika-sAttvika hote haiM arthAt ve raMga-biraMge vastra, vilAsayukta gamana aura bhUvikAra-kaTAkSa Adi se rahita veSa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI hotI haiN| jo kisI bhI prakAra kA zarIra saMskAra nahIM karatIM, aisIM ye AryikAyeM kSamA, mArdava Adi dharma, mAtA-pitA ke kula, apanA yaza aura apane vratoM ke anurUpa nirdoSa caryA karatI haiN|| __suttapAhuDa tathA isakI zrutasAgarIya TIkA meM tIna prakAra ke veSa (liMga) kA kathana hai- 1. muni, 2. gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI utkRSTa zrAvaka-ailaka evaM kSullaka tathA 3. AryikA' kahA hai| tIsarA liMga (veza) strI (AryikA) kA hai| ise dhAraNa karane vAlI strI dina meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karatI hai| vaha AryikA bhI ho to eka hI vastra dhAraNa kare tathA vastrAvaraNa yukta avasthA meM hI AhAra grahaNa kre| vastutaH striyoM meM utkRSTa veza ko dhAraNa karane vAlI AryikA aura kSullikA, ye do hotI haiN| donoM hI dina meM eka bAra AhAra letI haiN| AryikA mAtra eka vastra tathA kSullikA eka sAr3I ke sivAya or3hane ke lie eka cAdara bhI rakhatI haiN| bhojana karate samaya eka sapheda sAr3I rakhakara hI donoM AhAra karatI haiN| arthAt AryikA ke pAsa to eka sAr3I hai para kSullikA eka sAr3I sahita kintu cAdara rahita hokara AhAra karatI haiN| bhagavatI ArAdha nA meM kSullikA kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM saMpUrNa parigraha ke tyAgarUpa autsargika liMga meM cAra bAteM Avazyaka mAnI gaI haiM- acelatA, kezaloMca, zarIrasaMskAra tyAga aura pratilekhana (picchI) kintu striyoM ke acelatA (nagnatA) kA vidhAna na hote hue bhI arthAt tapasvinI striyA~ eka sAr3I mAtra parigraha rakhate hue bhI unameM autsargika liMga mAnA gayA hai arthAt unameM bhI mamatva tyAga ke kAraNa upacAra se nirgranthatA kA vyavahAra hotA hai| parigraha alpa kara dene se strI ke utsarga liMga hotA hai| isaliye sAgAra dharmAmRta meM bhI kahA hai ki eka kaupIna (laMgoTI) mAtra meM mamatva bhAva rakhane se utkRSTa zrAvaka (ailaka) bhI mahAvratI nahIM kahalAtA jabaki AryikA sAr3I meM bhI mamatva bhAva na rakhane se upacarita mahAvrata ke yogya hotI hai| __vastutaH striyoM kI zarIra prakRti hI aisI hai ki unheM apane zarIra ko vastra se sadA Dhake rakhanA Avazyaka hai| isIlie Agama meM kAraNa kI apekSA se AryikAoM ko vastra kI anujJA hai| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke bRhatkalpasUtra (5/19) meM bhI kahA hai- 'no kappaI niggaMthIe aceliyAe hottae' arthAt nirgranthiyoM (AryikAoM) ko acelaka (nirvastra) rahanA nahIM klptaa| AcArya kundakunda kRta pravacanasAra kI prakSepaka gAthA meM kahA hone para bhI AryikAoM ko apanA zarIra vastroM se Dhake rahanA par3atA hai ata: viraktAvasthA meM bhI
Page #23
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 unheM vastra dhAraNa kA vidhAna hai| daulata 'kriyA koza' meM kahA hai ki AryikAyeM eka sAdI sapheda dhotI (sAr3I), picchI, kamaNDalu evaM zAstra rakhatI haiN| baiThakara karapAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karatI haiM tathA apane hAthoM se kezaluJcana karatI haiN| isa prakAra aTThAIsa mUlaguNa (upacAra se) aura samAcAra vidhi kA AryikAyeM pAlana karatI haiN| sAr3I mAtra parigraha dhAraNa karatI haiM arthAt eka bAra meM eka sAr3I pahanatI haiM, aise do sAr3I kA parigraha rahatA hai|28 zvetAmbara paraMparA meM sAdhvI ko cAra vastra rakhane kA vidhAna hai| eka vastra do hAtha kA, do vastra tIna hAtha ke aura eka vastra cAra hAtha kaa| kintu ye vastra zveta raMga ke hI hone caahie| zveta vastra chor3akara vividha raMgoM Adi se vibhUSita jo vastra dhAraNa karatI haiM vaha AryA nahIM apitu use zAsana kI avahelanA karane vAlI veSa-viDambanI kahA hai| AryikAoM kI vasatikA zramaNoM kI taraha AryikAoM ko bhI sadA aniyata vihAra karate hue saMyama dharmasAdhanA karate-karAte rahane kA vidhAna hai, kintu unheM vizrAma hetu rAtri meM yA kucha dina yA cAturmAsa Adi meM jahAM, jaba rukanA par3atA hai, taba unake Thaharane kI vasatikA kaisI honI cAhie? isa sabakA yahAM zAstrokta rIti se pratipAdana kiyA hai| gRhasthoM ke mizraNa se rahita vasatikA, jahA~ parastrI-laMpaTa, cora, duSTajana, tiryaJcoM evaM asaMyata janoM kA saMparka na ho, sAtha hI jahA~ yatiyoM kA nivAsa yA unakI sannikaTatA na ho, asaMjJiyoM (ajJAniyoM) kA AnA-jAnA na ho aisI saMkleza rahita, bAla, vRddha Adi sabhI ke gamanAgamana yogya, vizuddha saMcAra yukta pradeza meM do, tIna athavA isase bhI adhika saMkhyA meM eka sAtha milakara AryikAoM ko rahanA caahie| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke anusAra jahA~ manuSya adhika ekatrita hote hoM- aise rAjapatha-mukhyamArga, dharmazAlA aura tIna-cAra rAstoM ke saMgama sthala para AryikAoM ko nahIM ThaharanA caahie| khule sthAna para tathA binA phATaka vAle sthAna para bhI nahIM rahanA caahie| jisa upAzraya ke samIpa gRhastha rahate hoM vahA~ sAdhuoM ko nahIM rahanA cAhie kintu sAdhviyA~ raha sakatI haiN| ___vasatikAoM meM AryikAyeM mAtsaryabhAva chor3akara eka dUsare ke anukUla tathA eka dUsare ke rakSaNa ke abhiprAya meM pUrNa tatpara rahatI haiN| roSa, baira aura mAyAcAra jaise vikAroM se rahita, lajjA, maryAdA aura ubhayakula-pitRkula, patikula athavA gurukula ke anukUla AcaraNa (kriyAoM) dvArA apane cAritra kI rakSA karatI huI rahatI haiN| AryikAoM meM bhaya, roSa Adi doSoM kA sarvathA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| tabhI to jJAnArNava meM kahA hai zama, zIla aura saMyama se yukta apane vaMza meM tilaka ke samAna, zruta tathA satya se samanvita ye nAriyA~ (AryikAyeM) dhanya haiN| samAcAraH vihita evaM niSiddha caraNAnuyoga viSaya jaina sAhitya meM zramaNa aura AryikAoM donoM ke samAcAra Adi prAyaH samAna rUpa se pratipAdita haiN| mUlAcArakAra ne inake samAcAra ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki
Page #24
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 AryikAyeM adhyayana, punarAvRtti (pATha karane), zravaNa, manana, kathana, anuprekSAoM kA ciMtana, tapa, vinaya tathA saMyama meM nitya hI udyata rahatI huI jJAnAbhyAsa rUpa upayoga meM satata tatpara rahatI haiM tathA mana, vacana aura kAyarUpa yoga ke zubha anuSThAna se sadA yukta rahatI huI apanI dainikacaryA pUrNa karatI haiN| kisI prayojana ke binA paragRha cAhe vaha zramaNoM kI hI vasatikA kyoM na ho yA gRhasthoM kA ghara ho, vahA~ AryikAoM kA jAnA niSiddha hai| yadi bhikSA, pratikramaNa, svAdhyAya Adi vizeSa prayojana se vahA~ jAnA Avazyaka ho to gaNinI (mahattarikA yA pradhAna AryikA) se AjJA lekara anya kucha AryikAoM ke sAtha milakara jA sakatI haiM, akele nhiiN| sva-para sthAnoM meM duHkhArta ko dekhakara ronA, azrumocana, snAna (bAlakoM ko snAnAdi kArya) karAnA, bhojana karAnA, rasoI pakAnA, sUta kAtanA tathA chaha prakAra kA AraMbha arthAt jIvaghAta kI kAraNabhUta kriyA meM AryikAyeM pUrNataH niSiddha haiN| saMyatoM ke pairoM meM mAliza karanA, unakA prakSAlana karanA, gIta gAnA Adi kArya unheM pUrNataH niSiddha haiN| asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya, zilpa aura kalA- ye jIvaghAta ke hetubhUta chaha prakAra kI AraMbha kriyAyeM haiN| pAnI lAnA, pAnI chAnanA (cheNa), ghara ko sApha karake kUr3A-kacarA uThAnA, pheMkanA, gobara se lIpanA, jhADU lagAnA aura dIvAloM ko sApha karanA- ye jIvaghAta karane vAlI chaha prakAra kI AraMbha kriyAyeM bhI AryikAyeM nahIM krtiiN| mUlAcAra ke piNDazuddhi adhikAra meM AhAra saMbandhI utpAdana ke solaha doSoM ke antargata dhAyakarma, dUtakarma Adi kArya bhI inheM niSiddha haiN| zvetAmbara paraMparA ke gacchAcArapainnA nAmaka prakIrNaka graMtha meM kahA hai- jo AryikA gRhasthI saMbandhI kArya jaise- sInA, bunanA, kar3hAI Adi kAryoM ko aura apanI yA dUsare kI tela mAliza Adi kArya karatI haiM vaha AryikA nahIM ho sktiiN| jisa gaccha meM AryikA gRhastha saMbandhI jakAra, makAra Adi rUpa zAsana kI avahelanA sUcaka zabda bolatI haiM vaha veza viDambanI tathA apanI AtmA ko caturgati meM ghumAne vAlI haiN| AhArArtha gamana vidhi AhArArtha arthAt bhikSA kArya ke lie ve AryikAyeM tIna, pA~ca athavA sAta kI saMkhyA meM sthavirA (vRddhA) AryikA ke sAtha milakara unakA anugamana karatI huI paraspara eka dUsare ke rakSaNa (saMbhAla) kA bhAva rakhatI huI IryA samitipUrvaka AhArArtha nikalatI haiN|" deva-vaMdanA Adi kAryoM ke lie bhI uparyukta vidhi se gamana karanA caahie| AryikAyeM dina meM eka bAra savidhi baiThakara karapAtra meM AhAra grahaNa karatI haiN| gacchAcAra painnA meM kahA hai- kAryavaza laghu AryA mukhya AryA ke pIche rahakara arthAt sthavirA ke pIche baiThakara zramaNa pramukha ke sAtha sahaja, sarala aura nirvikAra vAkyoM dvArA mRdu vacana bole to vahI vAstavika gaccha kahalAtA hai| svAdhyAya saMbandhI vidhAna muni aura AryikA Adi sabhI ke lie svAdhyAya Avazyaka hotA hai| baTTekara svAmI ne svAdhyAya ke viSaya meM AryikAoM ke lie likhA hai ki gaNadhara, pratyekabuddha, zrutakevalI tathA abhinnadazapUrvadhara, inake dvArA kathita sUtragraMtha, aMgagraMtha tathA pUrvagraMtha, ina sabakA
Page #25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 asvAdhyAyakAla meM adhyayana mandabuddhi ke zramaNoM aura AryikA samUha ke lie niSiddha haiN| anya munIzvaroM ko bhI dravya-kSetra - kAla Adi kI zuddhi ke binA uparyukta sUtragraMtha par3hanA niSiddha haiN| kintu ina sUtragraMthoM ke atirikta ArAdhanAniryukti, maraNavibhakti, stuti, paMcasaMgraha, pratyAkhyAna, Avazyaka tathA dharmakathA saMbandhI graMthoM ko evaM aise hI anyAnya graMthoM ko AryikA Adi sabhI asvAdhyAya kAla meM bhI par3ha sakatI haiN| 48 vaMdanA- vinaya saMbandhI vyavahAra yaha pahale hI kahA gayA hai ki zAstroM ke anusAra sau varSa kI dIkSita AryikA se bhI nava dIkSita bhramaNa pUjya aura jyeSTha mAnA gayA hai| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki AryikAyeM zramaNa ke prati apanA vinaya prakaTa karatI haiN| AryikAoM ke dvArA zramaNoM kI vaMdanA vidhi ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ArthikAoM ko AcArya kI vaMdanA pA~ca hAtha dUra se upAdhyAya kI vaMdanA chaha hAtha dUra se evaM sAdhu kI vaMdanA sAta hAtha dUra se gavAsana pUrvaka baiThakara hI karanI caahie| 25 yahA~ sUri (AcArya), adhyApaka (upAdhyAya) evaM sAdhu zabda se yaha bhI sUcita hotA hai ki AcArya se pA~ca hAtha dUra se hI AlocanA evaM vaMdanA karanA caahie| upAdhyAya se chaha hAtha dUra baiThakara adhyayana karanA cAhie evaM sAta hAtha dUra se sAdhu kI vaMdanA, stuti Adi kArya karanA cAhie, anya prakAra se nhiiN| " mokSapAhuDa (gAthA 12) kI TIkA ke anusAra zramaNa aura AryikA ke bIca paraspara vaMdanA upayukta to nahIM hai, kintu yadi AryikAyeM vaMdanA kareM to bhramaNa ko unake lie "samAdhirastu " yA "karmakSayo'stu" kahanA caahie| zrAvaka jaba inakI vaMdanA karatA hai to unheM sAdara "vandAmi " zabda bolatA hai| AryikA aura zramaNa saMgha: paraspara saMbandhoM kI maryAdA AcAra viSayaka jaina Agama sAhitya meM zramaNa saMgha ko nirdoSa evaM sadA akSuNNa banAye rakhane ke lie aneka dRSTiyoM se striyoM ke saMsarga se, cAhe vaha AryikA bhale hI ho, dUra rahane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa saMgha AraMbha se arthAt prAcIna kAla se Aja taka binA kisI bAdhA yA apavAda ke apanI akSuNNatA banAye hue hai| zramaNoM aura AryikAoM kA saMbandha ( paraspara vyavahAra) dhArmika kAryoM taka hI sImita hai| yadi Avazyaka huA to kucha AryikAyeM eka sAtha milakara zramaNa se dhArmika zAstroM ke adhyayana, zaMkA-samAdhAna Adi kArya kara sakatI haiM, akele nahIM akele zramaNa aura AryikA yA anya kisI strI se kathA - vArtAlApa na kre| yadi isakA ullaMghana karegA to AjJAkopa, anavasthA (mUla kA hI vinAza), mithyAtvArAdhanA, AtmanAza aura saMyama kI virAdhanA, ina pApa ke hetubhUta pA~ca doSoM se dUSita hogaa| 50 adhyayana yA zaMkA-samAdhAna Adi dhArmika kArya ke lie AryikAyeM yA striyA~ yadi zramaNa saMgha AyeM to usa samaya zramaNa ko vahA~ akele nahIM ThaharanA cAhie aura binA prayojana vArtAlApa nahIM karanA cAhie kintu kadAcit dharmakArya ke prasaMga meM bolanA bhI ThIka hai / " eka AryikA kucha praznAdi pUche to akelA zramaNa usakA uttara na de, apitu kucha zramaNoM ke sAmane uttara de| yadi koI AryikA apanI pustaka arthAt AryikA gaNinI ke sAtha use
Page #26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 Age karake koI prazna pUche taba akele zramaNa usakA uttara de sakatA hai arthAt mArgaprabhAvanA kI icchA rakhate hue praznottaroM Adi kA pratipAdana karanA cAhie, anyathA nhiiN|2 AryikAoM kI vasatikA meM zramaNoM ko nahIM jAnA, ThaharanA cAhie, vahA~ kSaNamAtra yA kucha samaya taka kI (alpakAlika) kriyAyeM bhI nahIM karanI caahie| arthAt vahA~ baiThanA, leTanA, svAdhyAya, AhAra, bhikSA-grahaNa, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga evaM malotsarga Adi kriyAyeM pUrNataH niSiddha haiN| __vRddha tapasvI, bahuzruta aura janamAnya (prAmANika) zramaNa bhI yadi AryAjana (AryikA Adi) se saMsarga rakhatA hai to vaha lokApavAda kA bhAgI (logoM kI niMdA kA sthAna) bana jAtA hai| taba jo zramaNa avasthA meM taruNa haiM, bahuzruta bhI nahIM hai aura na jo utkRSTa tapasvI aura cAritravAn haiM ve AryAjana ke saMsarga se lokApavAda ke bhAgI kyoM nahIM hoMge? arthAt avazya hoNge| ata: yathAsaMbhava inake saMsarga se dUra rahakara apanI saMyamasAdhanA karanA caahie| AryikAoM ke upAzraya meM Thaharane vAlA zramaNa lokApavAda rUpa vyavahAra niMdA tathA vratabhaMga rUpa paramArtha niMdA ina donoM ko prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra sAdhu ko kevala AryAjanoM ke saMsarga se hI dUra nahIM rahanA cAhie apitu anya bhI jo-jo vastu sAdhu ko parataMtra karatI haiM usa-usa vastu kA tyAga karane hetu tatpara rahanA caahie| usake tyAga se usakA saMyama dRr3ha hogaa| kyoMki bAhya vastu ke nimitta se hone vAlA asaMyama usa vastu ke tyAga se hI saMbhava hotA hai| AryikAoM ke gaNadhara AryikAoM kI dIkSA, zaMkA-samAdhAna, zAstrAdhyayana Adi kAryoM ke lie zramaNoM ke saMparka meM AnA Avazyaka hotA hai| zramaNa saMgha kI isa vyavasthA ke anusAra sAdhAraNa zramaNoM kI akele AryikAoM se bAtacIta Adi kA niSedha hai| AryikAoM ko pratikramaNa svAdhyAya Adi vidhi saMpanna karAne ke lie gaNadhara muni kI vyavasthA kA vidhAna hai| AryikAoM ke gaNadhara (AcArya Adi vizeSa) ko nimnalikhita guNoM se saMpanna mAnA gayA hai| priyadharmA, dRr3hadharmA, saMvignI (dharma aura dharmaphala meM atizaya utsAha vAlA), avadya (pApa) bhIrU, parizuddha (zuddha AcaraNa vAle), saMgraha (dIkSA, upadeza Adi dvArA ziSyoM ke grahaNa saMgraha) aura anugraha meM kuzala, satata sArakSaNa (pApakriyAoM se sarvathA nivRtti) se yukta, gaMbhIra, durghaSa (sthira citta evaM nirbhaya anta:karaNa yukta), mitabhASI, alpakautukayukta, cirapravarjita aura gRhItArtha (tattvoM ke jJAtA) Adi guNoM se yukta AryikAoM ke maryAdA upadezaka gaNadhara (AcArya) hote haiN|" ina guNoM se yukta zramaNa to apane Apa meM pUrNatva ko prApta karane vAlA hotA hai aura yaha to zramaNatva kI kasauTI bhI hai| aise gaNadhara AryikAoM ko Adarza rUpa meM pratikramaNAdi vidhi saMpanna karA sakate haiN| uparyukta guNoM se rahita zramaNa yadi gaNadharatva dhAraNa karake AryikAoM ko pratikramaNa karAte evaM prAyazcittAdi detA hai taba usake gaNapoSaNa, AtmasaMskAra, sallekhanA aura uttamArtha, ina cAra kAloM kI virAdhanA hotI hai| athavA cheda, mUla, parihAra aura pAraMcika, ye cAra prAyacitta lene par3ate haiN| sAtha hI RSikula rUpa gaccha
Page #27
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 27 yA saMgha, kula, zrAvaka evaM mithyAdRSTi Adi ina sabakI virAdhanA ho jAtI hai| arthAt guNazUnya AcArya yadi AryikAoM kA poSaNa karate haiM to vyavasthA bigar3a jAne se saMgha ke sAdhu unakI AjJA pAlana nahIM kreNge| isase saMgha aura usakA anuzAsana bigar3atA hai| isa prakAra zramaNasaMgha ke antargata AryikAoM kI viziSTa AcAra paddhati aura usakI mahattA kA yahA~ pratipAdana kiyA gayA, zeSa niyamopaniyama zramaNoM jaise hI haiN| saMdarbha 1. mUlAcAra savRtti 4/187 2. Na viNA vaTTadi NArI ekkaM vA tesu jiivloymhi| Na hi saMuDaM ca gattaM tamhA tAsiM ca sNvrnnN|| pravacanasAra, 225/5 3. strINAmapi muktirna bhavati mahAvratAbhAvAt- mokkhapAhuDa TIkA, 12 4. varisasayadikkhiyAe ajjAe ajja dikkhio saahuu| abhigamaNa vaMdaNa namasaNeNa viNaeNa so pujjo|| mokkhapAhuDa TIkA 12/1 5. pravacanasAra, 225/7 6. suttapAhuDa gAthA 7 7. suttapAhuDa 26 8. bRhatkalpa 5/11-34 taka (cAritra prakAza, pR. 139) 9. aMguttaranikAya 1/9 10. bhagavatI ArAdhanA 296 tathA vi. TIkA 421 11. vahI 4/180, 10/61 12. mUlAcAra vRtti 4/177 13. tyaktAzeSa gRhasthaveSaracanA maMdodarI sNytaa| padmapurANa 14. zrImatI zramaNI pArve babhUvuH prmaaryikaa| vahI 15. gaNiNI...mUlAcAra 4/178, 192, gaNinI mahattarikA- vahI vRtti 4/178, 192 16. therIhiM sahaMtaridA bhikkhAya samodaraMti sdaa| mUlAcAra 4/194 17. mUlAcAra 4/190 18. mUlAcAra vRtti 4/190 19. suttapAhuDa 10, 21, 22 20. liMgaM itthINaM havadi bhuMjai piMDaM sueykaalmmi| ajjiya vi ekkavatthA vatthAvaraNeNa bhuNjei|| suttapAhuDa 22 21. suttapAhuDa zrutasAgarIya TIkA 22 22. khuDDA ya khuDDiyAo.... bha. A. 296 23. bha. A. 79 24. bha. A. 80 vijayodayA TIkA sahita 25. sAgAradharmAmRta 8/37 26, AryikANAmAgame anujJAtaM vastraM kAraNApekSayA- bha.A. vijayodayA 423, pRSTha 324 27. pravacanasAra gAthA 225 ke bAda prakSepaka gAthA 5 28. kriyAkoSaH mahAkavi daulatarAmakRta 29. prAyazcitta saMgraha 119 30. AcArAMga sUtra 2/5/141 31. agihatthamissaNilaye asaNNivAe vishuddhsNcaaro|
Page #28
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 do tiNNi va ajjAo bahugIo vA shtthNti|| mUlAcAra 4/191 vRttisahita 32. bRhatkalpa bhASya u. 1/2, 2/11, 1 33. bRhatkalpa sUtra prathama uddeza pratibaddhazayAsUtra (jai. sA. kA. vR. iti. bhAga 2, pRSTha 241) 34. aNNoNaNaNukUlAo annnnonnaahirkkhnnaabhijuttaao| gyrosvermaayaasljjmjjaadkiriyaao|| malAcAra 4/188 35. jJAnArvaNa 12/57 36. hisTrI Apha jaina monAsijma, pRSTha 473 37. mUlAcAra 4/189 38. Na ya paragehamakajje gacche kajje avssgmnnijje| gaNiNImApucchittA saMghADeNeva gcchejj|| mUlAcAra 4/192 39. rodaNaNhAvaNabheyajapayaNaM suttaM ca chvvihaarNbhe| viradANa pAdamakkhaNaM dhovaNageyaM ca Na ya kujjaa|| - mUlAcAra 4/193 40. asimasikRSi vANijyazilpalekhakriyAprArambhAstAn jiivghaathetuun| -mUlAcAra vRtti 4/193 41. kunda. mUlAcAra 4/74 42. gacchAcAra painnA 113 43. vahI 110 44. tiNNi va paMca va satta va ajjao annnnmnnnnrkkhaao| therIhiM sahaMtaridA bhikkhAya samodaranti sdaa|| mUlAcAra 4/194 45. vahI vRtti 46. suttapAhuDa zrutasAgarIya TIkA 22 tathA daulata kriyAkoza 47. gacchAcAra painnA, 129-130 48. mUlAcAra 5/80-82, vRttisahita 49. paMca cha satta hatthe sUrI ajjhAvago ya sAdhu y| parihariUNa jjAo gavAsaNeNeva vNdti|| -mUlAcAra 4/195 vRtti sahita 50. mUlAcAra 4/179 vRtti sahita 51. vahI 4/177 vRtti sahita 52. tAsiM puNa pucchAo ikkisse Naya kahijja ekko du| gaNiNI purao kiccA jadi pucchai to khedvvN|| vahI 4/178 vRtti sahita 53. mUlAcAra 4/180, 10/61 vRtti shit| 54. vahI, 331 55. mUlAcAra 10/62 56. bhagavatI ArAdhanA gAthA 334, 338 57. mUlAcAra 4/183, 184, bRhatkalpa bhASya 2050 - bI-23/45, anekAnta bhavana, zAradA nagara kAlonI, khojavA~, vArANasI (u0pra0)
Page #29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainaparamparA kA zrAvakAcAraH Adhunika saMdarbha meM - DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina jIva yA AtmA ko jar3a yA acetana se bhinna eka svataMtra padArtha svIkAra karake usake sarvazreSTha svarUpa kI khoja ke rUpa meM mukti yA mokSa kI avadhAraNA bhAratIya ciMtana kA advitIya avadAna hai| jaina paraMparA meM mukti yA mokSa prApti ke lie saMnyasta evaM gRhastha kI svataMtra AcAra saMhitA kA vidhAna va vikAsa huA hai aura AcAra kI paripUrNatA ke lie vastu tattva ke prati samyagdRSTi aura usakA parijJAna aparihArya mAnA gayA hai| ina donoM ke binA cAritra kA pAlana bhI samyak nahIM ho sktaa| yaha cAritra cAhe saMnyasta zramaNa kA ho athavA gRhastha zrAvaka kA, donoM ke lie sadRSTi evaM zuddha jJAna anivArya mAne gaye haiN| zramaNa yA muni jahA~ mUlaguNoM va uttaraguNoM ke AdhAra para apanI mokSa sAdhanA ke sopAna taya karatA hai, vahIM gRhastha zrAvaka ahiMsAdi bArahavratoM, darzanAdi gyAraha pratimAoM athavA aSTamUlaguNoM yA SaDAvazyakoM Adi ke dvArA apanI muni yA AryikA banane kI sAdhanA pUrNa karatA hai aura anta meM donoM, sallekhanA vrata ko dhAraNa kara apane zarIra kA anta karate haiN| jaina paraMparA meM caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA ahiMsA kI pratiSThA evaM samabhAva kI sAdhanA ke lie kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra vaidika paraMparA meM cAturvarNa (brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya va zUdra) vyavasthA ke dvArA sAmAjika jIvana kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra jaina paraMparA meM caturvidha saMgha (muni-AryikA athavA sAdhu-sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA) vyavasthA kA pratipAdana hai| isa samAja vyavasthA kA AdhAra bhI pAzvika vRttiyoM ke niyaMtraNa kI dRSTi se svataMtra mahattva rakhatA hai| isa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM caturvidha saMgha kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| ye cAra aise ghaTaka tattva haiM, jinake Upara jinadharma yA jaina paraMparA kA mahAprAsAda AdhArita hai| zAstroM meM inheM zramaNa-zramaNopAsaka, anagAra-sAgAra, saMnyasta-gRhastha, vratI-avratI Adi aneka nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI nAmoM kI apanI svataMtra mahattA evaM upayogitA hai| jisa prakAra kisI makAna yA mahala ke cAra khambhoM meM se kisI eka khambhe ke kamajora yA asaMtulita ho jAne para saMpUrNa makAna yA mahala kA saMtulana bigar3a jAtA hai, usI prakAra yadi caturvidha saMgha meM se koI eka aMga asvastha hotA hai to samasta DhAMcA prabhAvita hue vinA nahIM raha sktaa| ataeva jainadharma meM pratyeka ghaTaka kA apanA svataMtra evaM mahattvapUrNa sthAna Aja ke bhogapradhAna, utsava evaM pradarzana priya bhautikavAdI yuga meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke AcAra kI carcA samaya kI mAMga hai aura samaya kI yaha bhI apekSA hai ki paraMparA prApta zAstroM meM varNita zrAvakAcAra viSayaka vidhAnoM/ nirdezoM kI Adhunika pariprekSya meM samIkSA karake
Page #30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 30 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 unakI upayogitA evaM mahattA spaSTa kI jaaye| AcAra yA cAritra kA artha hai aacrnn| gRhastha zrAvaka ke dvArA kiye jAne vAlA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra zrAvakAcAra kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra vyakti kA socanA, bolanA aura karanA, usakA AcAra kahA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, manuSya ke dvArA mana, vacana aura zarIra kA ucita-anucita, zubha-azubha prayoga hI manuSya ko svayaM sukhI-du:khI karatA hai aura dUsaroM ko sukhI-du:khI karatA hai| __vastutaH vizva meM do vicAradhArAe~ prAyaH prAraMbha se pracalita rahI haiM aura Aja bhI pracalita haiN| eka hai bhautika, bhogavAdI yA pravRttiparaka dhArA aura dUsarI dhArA hai tyAgaparaka, AdhyAtmika athavA nivRttiprk| pahalI bhautikadhArA bhogapradhAna hai, isakA lakSya yA prayojana asIma aura ananta bhoga haiN| darzana kI bhASA meM ise cArvAkI dhArA kahA jA sakatA hai| usakA udghoSa hai- khAo, pIo aura mauja kro| isa dhArA kA Adarza hai yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet| bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutH|| prAyaH saMpUrNa vizva isa vicAradhArA se grasta hai| dUsarI dhArA tyAgamayI yA nivRttiparaka hai| isa dhArA kA uddezya ananta evaM asIma bhogoM ko bhoganA aura bhogane kI icchA nahIM, apitu una ananta evaM asIma bhogoM ko tyAganA aura parimANa meM bhoganA hai| isa nivRttiparaka dhArA kA pratinidhitva nirgrantha yA jainaparaMparA karatI hai| nirgrantha paraMparA meM mAnya gRhastha zrAvaka ukta donoM paraMparAoM ke bIca kI sthiti meM hotA hai| yaha zrAvaka bhogoM kA pUrNataH tyAgI na hokara unakI maryAdAe~ taya karatA hai, parimANa nizcita karatA hai| inhIM bhAvanAoM ke antargata usake ahiMsAdi bAraha vrata, aSTamUlaguNa, SaDAvazyaka Adi Ate haiN| zrAvaka yA zrAvikA zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai sunane vAlA yA sunane vaalii| vaha AcArya Adi parameSThI guruoM se dhArmika upadeza ko sunatA yA sunatI hai| tIrthakara rUpa paramaguru kI samavazaraNa sabhA meM bhI yahI gRhastha manuSya dharmopadeza kA zrotA hotA hai| isIlie zrAvaka kI paribhASA karate hue kahA gayA hai- zrRNoti gurvAdibhyo dharmamiti shraavkH| isa prakAra zrAvaka zabda kA artha sAmAnya gRhastha se utkRSTa aura arthagaMbhIra vAlA hai| anyatra bhI zrAvaka kI yahI paribhASA kI gaI hai zrRNoti dharmatattvaM yaH parAn zrAvayati shrutm| zraddhAvAn jainadharme saH sakriyazrAvako budhH|| arthAt jo vyakti dharmatattva ko sunatA hai aura sune hue dharmatattva ko dUsaroM ko sunAtA hai tathA jinadharma yA jainadharma meM AsthA rakhane vAlA hai, vaha sakriyAoM se yukta samajhadAra zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| zrAvaM zrAvaM karotIti zrAvakaH isa vyutpatti ke anusAra jo bAra-bAra sunatA hai, vaha bhI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| __jaina paraMparA meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke AcAra saMbaddha aneka paraMparAoM yA paddhatiyoM kA vikAsa huA hai| isa saba viSaya ko dekhakara patA calatA hai ki vivakSA bheda se athavA usa samaya kI sAmAjika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa jaina AcAryoM evaM lekhakoM kI vivecana
Page #31
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 paddhati meM kucha antara pAyA jAtA hai| ahiMsAdi pA~ca aNuvrata, digvratAdi tIna guNavrata aura sAmAyikAdi cAra zikSAvrata, ina bAraha vratoM kA AcaraNa aura maraNAnta meM sallekhanA, yaha eka paddhati hai| dUsarI paddhati ke anusAra zrAvaka ke aSTa mUlaguNa haiN| ina ATha mUlaguNoM ke viSaya meM bhI AcAryoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM gRhastha ke ATha mUlaguNa batAe haiN| ina ATha mUlaguNoM ke antargata ahiMsAdi pAMca aNuvratoM kA pAlana evaM madya, mAMsa aura madhu (zahada) ina tIna makAroM kA tyAga AtA hai| ve kahate haiM madya-mAMsa madhutyAgaiH shaannuvrtpnyckm| aSTau mUlaguNAnAhurgrahiNAM shrmnnottmaaH|| AcArya jayasena ne aSTamUlaguNoM meM pA~ca aNuvratoM ke sAtha madya evaM mAMsa ko svIkAra karate hue madhu ke sthAna para dyUta (juA) ke tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne (zivakoTi, jayasena, amRtacandra, somadeva, raidhU Adi ne) pA~ca udambara (bar3a, pIpala, gUlara, kaThUmara, Umara) phaloM ke tyAga ke sAtha madya, mAMsa evaM madhu ke tyAga ko zrAvaka ke aSTa mUlaguNa batAyA hai| paM. AzAdhAra ne to madya, mAMsa, madhutyAga, rAtribhojanatyAga, pA~ca udambara evaM bahujIvI phala tyAga, niyamita devadarzana, jIvadayA evaM jalagAlana, ye ATha mUlaguNa ginAe haiN| paNDitapravara AzAdhara ne zrAvaka yA zrAvikA dharma kA svarUpa batAte hue kahA hai ki doSa rahita samyaktva, aticAra (doSa) rahita ahiMsAdi pA~ca aNuvratoM aura tIna guNavratoM (digvrata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavrata) aura cAra zikSAvratoM (sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, atithisaMvibhAga aura bhogopabhogaparimANavrata) tathA marate samaya vidhipUrvaka sallekhanA vrata grahaNa, yaha saba sAgAra yA zrAvaka dharma kahalAtA hai samyaktvamamalamamalAnyaNuguNazikSAvratAni mrnnaante| sallekhanA ca vidhinA puurnnsaagaardhrmo'ym|| zraddhA, viveka aura zuddha AcaraNa pUrvaka uparyukta vratoM (niyamoM) kA pAlana karanA tathA ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM Adi ko dhAraNa karane kI bhAvanA (vaha ghar3I kaba pAU~ munivrata dhara vana ko jAU~) bhAte rahanA aura usake anusAra prayatnazIla rahanA, zrAvakAcAra hai| isa prakAra zrAvakAcAra muni yogya mahAvratoM ko dhAraNa karane kA AdhAra hai| yahA~ para anarthadaNDavata nAmaka guNavrata evaM atithisaMvibhAga nAmaka zikSAvrata ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM zrAvakAcAra kI carcA kI jA rahI hai| anarthadaNDavirati zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke antargata tIna guNavrata haiN| ye guNavrata isalie kahalAte haiM ki inake dvArA pAMca aNuvratoM meM guNAtmaka vRddhi hotI hai| ina tIna meM bhI anarthadaNDa eka aisA pApAtmaka prabala kAraNa hai, jisake tyAga ko zAstrakAroM ne bArahavratoM kA mUla taka kaha diyA hai| bAta yaha hai ki hamAre dainandina kAryoM meM adhikatama pravRttiyA~ niSprayojanIya hotI haiN| yadi
Page #32
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 zrAvaka yA zrAvikA eka mAtra isI vrata kA doSa rahita pAlana kare to bahuta se pApAsavoM se bacA jA sakatA hai| dizAoM kI maryAdA pUrvaka, binA prayojana pApabandha ke kAraNabhUta kAryoM se virakta honA anarthadaNDavirati kahalAtA hai| anarthadaNDa pApAnava kA eka aisA kAraNa hai, jisase vyakti binA kisI matalaba ke pApa kArya karatA hai, isase apanA prayojana to siddha hotA nahIM hai, kevala pApa kA bandha hotA hai| anarthadaNDavirati meM niSprayojanabhUta pApa kAryoM kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| anarthadaNDa pA~ca kAraNoM se hotA hai, isalie anarthadaNDa ke pA~ca prakAra mAne gaye haiM(1) pApopadeza, (2) hiMsAdAna, (3) apadhyAna, (4) duHzruti aura (5) prmaadcryaa|| AcArya amRtacanda ne dyUtakrIr3A (juA) ko chaThA anarthadaNDa ghoSita kiyA hai|" 1. pApopadeza anarthadaNDa binA prayojana dUsaroM ko pApa kA upadeza arthAt parAmarzAdi denA pApopadeza anarthadaNDa hai| puruSArthasiddhyupAya ke anusAra binA kAraNa kisI puruSa ko AjIvikA ke sAdhana vidyA, vANijya (vyApAra), lekhana-kalA, khetI, naukarI aura zilpa Adi aneka prakAra ke kAryoM evaM upAyoM kA upadeza denA, yaha saba anarthadaNDa (bekAra kI hiMsA) ke antargata AtA hai| ve kahate haiM vidyAvANijyamaSIkRSisevAzilpajIvinAM puNsaam| pApopadezadAna kadAcidapi naiva vktvym||12 ata: gRhastha zrAvakoM ko isa taraha ke upadeza-salAha Adi kA tyAga kara denA caahie| kucha zAstrakAroM kA to yaha bhI kahanA hai ki hiMsA, jhUTha, khetI-vyApAra evaM strI-puruSa samAgama Adi se saMbaddha samasta upadeza Adi vacana vyApAra pApopadeza ke antargata haiM jo uvaeso dijjadi kisipsupaalnnvnnijjpmuhesu| purasitthIsaMjoe aNatthadaNDo have vidio||13 / / eka samaya thA jaba vyApAra-udyoga Adi kA nirNaya karate samaya yaha vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA ki amuka vyApAra yA udyogAdi meM hiMsA to nahIM hogI parantu Aja kitane loga haiM jo ina saba bAtoM para vicAra karake vyApArAdi kArya karate haiN| 2. hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa binA prayojana hiMsAjanaka upakaraNoM kA dAna, jinase hiMsA ho sakatI ho, hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa kahA jAtA hai| astra, zastra, kITanAzaka, viSailI gaisa, pharasA, talavAra, dhanuSa, kudAla, hala, karavAla, sAMkala, kATA, viSa, rassI, cAbuka, daNDa, agni Adi hiMsA ke upakaraNoM kA dAna hiMsAdAna kahalAtA hai| svAmI kArtikeya ne to billI, kuttA Adi hiMsaka jAnavaroM ko pAlane meM hiMsAdAna nAmaka anarthadaNDa batAyA hai| Ajakala yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki tathAkathita AdhunikatA athavA baccoM ke kahane para yA svayaM hI apanI icchA se kucha gharoM meM kutte-billiyA~ Adi
Page #33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 pAle jAte haiN| unheM isa viSaya meM avazya vicAra karanA caahie| 3. apadhyAna anarthadaNDa apane va dUsaroM ke bAre meM burA socanA-vicAranA apadhyAna kahalAtA hai| dUsaroM kI hAra, jIta, mAranA, bAMdhanA, aMga chedanA, dhana kA curAnA Adi kArya kaise kiye jAyeM, yaha evaM isI prakAra kA azubha ciMtana karanA, apadhyAna kI zreNI meM AtA hai| ina saba kA phala pApa baMdha hI hotA hai| isa taraha ke kAryoM meM kitane gRhastha zrAvaka apane samaya va zakti kA apavyaya karate haiM, isa para sabako vicAra karane kI jarUrata hai| 4. duHzruti anarthadaNDa duHzruti ko azubhazruti bhI kahate haiN| hiMsA, rAga-dveSa, mithyAtva, parigraha, AraMbha, du:sAhasa, kAmavAsanA, garva Adi ko bar3hAne vAlI dUSita kathAoM ko par3hanA, sunanA, unakI zikSA denA Adi kArya duHzruti ke antargata AtA hai| gande majAka, vazIkaraNa, kAmabhoga kathA, paradoSoM kI carcA sunanA bhI duHzruti kahI jAtI hai| Ajakala dUradarzana (TI.vI.) ke vibhinna cainalsa para jo philma, dhArAvAhika aura anyAnya kAryakrama dikhAye jAte haiM ve sabhI isa duHzruti ke antargata Ate haiN| kAraNa yaha hai ina kAryakramoM ko dekha sunakara hRdaya rAga-dveSAdi se kaluSita ho jAtA hai, isalie inheM sunane ke kAraNa inheM duHzruti yA azubhazruti kahate haiN| yadyapi ina kAryakramoM meM kucha eka kAryakrama aise bhI hote haiM jo ghara parivAra va samAja ke lie upayogI va zikSA pradAna karate haiM, parantu aise kAryakramoM kI saMkhyA nagaNya hotI hai| ataH isa saMbandha meM bhI gRhastha ko ciMtana karanA caahie| 5. pramAdacaryA vinA prayojana vRkSAdi kA chedanA, bhUmi kA kUTanA yA khodanA, pAnI kA sIMcanA, agni AraMbha, vAyu AraMbha Adi pApa kArya pramAdAcarita yA pramAdacaryA kahalAte haiN|| atithisaMvibhAga vrata cAra zikSAvratoM meM atithisaMvibhAga eka aisA vrata hai, jisakA saMbandha sva-para se adhika hotA hai| bhojana karane ke pahale sAdhu-saMtoM ke lie dvAra para prekSaNa (dekhA) kiyA jAtA hai| gRhastha zrAvaka atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke pAlana hetu vratI Adi ko bhaktipUrvaka AhArAdi karAtA hai| atithisaMvibhAga kA sarala sA artha hai- ucita mAtrA meM anya logoM ko laabh| isa taraha mahAvratI, vratI athavA avratI zrAvaka, ina tIna prakAra ke pAtroM ko svayaM ke lie banAe athavA apane parivAra ke lie taiyAra kiye gaye pavitra bhojanAdi meM se vibhAga karake vidhi pUrvaka dAna denA, atithisaMvibhAga kahalAtA hai| ___ muni yA mahAvratI kI ratnatraya sAdhanA calatI rahe, isake lie usakA zarIra se svastha rahanA paramAvazyaka hai| kahA bhI gayA hai- zarIramAdyaM khalu dharma saadhnm| zarIra kI sthiti banAe rakhane ke lie mUlabhUta AvazyakatA bhojana hai| ataH gRhastha zrAvaka kA parama kartavya
Page #34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 34 hai ki mahAvratI Adi ko bhaktipUrvaka zuddha AhAra dAna de| prazna yaha uThatA hai ki Aja gRhastha ke ghara meM itanA pavitra, zuddha evaM sAttvika bhojana taiyAra hotA hai? jo kisI vratI yA mahAvratI ko parosA jA ske| Aja to saMkaTa yaha hotA hai ki caukA kauna lagAye? aura saMyoga se mahAvratiyoM kA saMgha A jAye to sthiti aura viSama ho jAtI hai| isakA kAraNa zAyada yahI hai ki bahurASTrIya kampaniyoM ne gRhasthoM kI rasoI meM dhAvA bola rakhA hai| DibbA banda saMskRti hamAre gharoM meM praveza kara gaI haiN| mAtAe~ bahineM itanI sukhazIla hotI jA rahIM haiM yA kaheM ki tathAkathita AdhunikatA ke kAraNa unheM ghara ke kArya karate hue acchA nahIM lagatA yA zarma AtI hai| bAjAra sAmagriyoM se paTe par3e haiN| bAjAra jAo aura apane-apane pasaMda kA sAmAna baMda paikiToM meM ghara le Ao na samaya kI maryAdA hai, aura na bhakSya - abhakSya kA vicAra aura na kisI anya bAta kI ciMtA / prIjarveTibsa (rasAyana vizeSa) ne vastuoM kI umra kaI gunA bar3hA dI hai| yahI rasAyana jaba vastuoM ke mAdhyama se hamAre zarIra meM jAtA hai to aneka prakAra ke roga bhI paidA karatA hai| vastuta: Aja ke samaya meM gRhastha kI doharI bhUmikA hai| eka ora vaha mahAvratiyoM kA saMrakSaka yA poSaNakarttA hai dUsarI ora vaha svayaM sAdhaka hai aura muni saMsthA kA niyaMtraka paryavekSaka bhii| lekina zAyada vaha apanI isa doharI bhUmikA ko nibhA nahIM pA rahA hai| isIlie prAya: yaha eka AlocanA kA viSaya banA rahatA hai ki zramaNa saMgha parigrahI hotA jA rahA hai| yaha bAta kisI hada taka sahI bhI hai| parantu hameM yaha bhI vicAra karanA hai ki isa sabameM gRhasthoM kI kyA bhUmikA hai? isa viSaya meM eka-do prasaMga dhyAna dene yogya haiM eka bAra kucha logoM ne AcArya zAntisAgara ke pAsa jAkara zikAyata karate hue kahA ki mahArAja! kucha sAdhuoM meM AcAra ke prati zithilatA dekhI jAtI hai, parigraha kA sAtha dekhA jAtA hai, isase jaina paraMparA ke sAdhuoM, vizeSakara digambara sAdhuoM kI chavi kharAba hotI hai| isase bacane kA upAya btaaiye| taba AcArya zrI ne kahA thAsAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko parigraha detA kauna hai? unheM zithila banAtA kauna hai? Apa gRhastha hI nA isalie pahale gRhastha ko sudhAranA Avazyaka hai zrAvaka apane zrAvaka dharma arthAt karttavya ko samajhe / jAne zrAvakoM meM zikSA va svAdhyAya kI pravRtti bar3hane se hI ve apane sAdhu-saMtoM ke dharma ( karttavya ) ko acchI taraha samajha sakeMge / 20 AcArya dharmasAgara mahArAja ne bhI kisI prasaMga meM kahA thA ki jaba muni yA AryikA dIkSA hotI hai to dIkSita vyakti ke pAsa pIchI kamaNDalu ke atirikta kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| zrAvakoM ke punaH saMparka meM Akara kucha muni parigraha saMbandhI doSa se yukta ho jAte haiN| isase samAja meM unakI AlocanA hotI hai| ataH samAja ke logoM ko cAhie ki ve sAdhaka ko parigrahI na bnaaeN| - vastutaH muni AryikA aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA paraspara meM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM, zobhA ke kAraNa haiN| jisa prakAra kamala se jala kI zobhA hotI hai aura jala se hI kamala alaMkRta hotA hai, lekina sarovara yA tAlAba meM jaba jala aura kamala, donoM hoM to vaha suzobhita hotA hai aura kaMgana kI zobhA usameM maNi-motiyoM ke lage hone para hotI hai aura maNi motI bhI
Page #35
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 kaMgana Adi meM jar3e hone para zobhA pAte haiN| parantu hAtha kI zobhA to maNi-motI jar3e kaMgana se hI hotI hai| jaisA ki kisI ne kahA hai payasA kamalaM kamalena payaH payasA kamalena vibhAti saraH / maNinA valayaM valayena maNiH maNinA valayena vibhAti karaH // 1 usI prakAra zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se muni AryikAoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI zobhA hai, astitva hai aura muni AryikAoM athavA sAdhu-sAdhviyoM se zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI zobhA hai tathA muni AryikAoM aura zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se samAja, saMgha va rASTra kI zobhA hai, vazarte ki donoM apanI sImAoM kA ullaMghana na kareM aura apane-apane karttavyoM ko smjheN| niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainasaMgha evaM saMskRti meM Avaka kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| jaina sAhitya meM nirdezita zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA Aja ke arthapradhAna bhautikatAvAdI yuga meM aura adhika prAsaMgika ho gayI hai| zrAvakAcAra viSayaka vratoM/ niyamoM kA pAlana karane se vyakti svayaM sukha, zAMti evaM saMtoSa kA anubhava to karatA hI hai, usake sAtha rahane vAle aura saMparka meM Ane vAle jana bhI usase prabhAvita hote haiM tathA sukha, saMtoSa evaM zAMti kA anubhava karate haiN| zrAvakAcAra ke pAlana se vyakti ghara, samAja evaM deza kA sabhya, suzIla evaM anukaraNIya nAgarika bana jAtA hai aura anta meM apane vyaktigata, sAmAjika, dhArmika karttavyoM kA AcaraNa karate hue Atma kalyANa kara sakatA hai| parantu Ajakala jisa taraha paraMparAgata mUlya evaM maryAdAe~ niraMtara TUTa rahIM haiM, usase lagatA hai yadi yahI krama rahA to jinadharma evaM saMskRti kA hrAsa va lopa bhI ho sakatA hai, ataH sabhI ko satarka jAgRta evaM saMbhalane kI jarUrata hai| saMdarbha 1. 2. 35 cArvAkamata ke rUpa meM prasiddha kathana / zrAvakAcAra: dizA aura dRSTi, a. bhA. di. jaina vidvatpariSad TrasTa, jayapura san 2003, pRSTha 23 para uddhRta / saMyamaprakAza, zrAvakAcAra: dizA aura dRSTi, pR. 24 para uddhRta / 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. vahI, zloka 75 11. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, anekAntavidvat pariSad padya 141-147 vahI, pRSTha 24 para uddhRta / tattvArthasUtra aura unake TIkAkAra Adi / . ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvatpariSad san 1994 zloka 66 zrAvakAcAra: dizA aura dRSTi, pRSTha 8-9 sAgAradharmAmRta, zrAvakAcAra: dizA aura dRSTi, pR. 151 para uddhRta / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 74 12. vahI, padya 142 13. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA, san 2005 padya 345 evaM TIkA / 14. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra zloka 77 15. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, padya 347 evaM ttiikaa| 16. sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, san 2003, 7.21.703 evaM ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 78
Page #36
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 17. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, zloka 79 18. vahI, zloka 80 19. sarvArthasiddhi 7.21.703 20. zrAvakAcAra : dizA aura dRSTi, pRSTha 165 para uddhRt| 21. subhASita (ajJAta) - upAcArya- rASTriya saMskRta saMsthAna (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) jayapura parisara, jayapura (rAjasthAna) jJAnI-ajJAnI ajJAnopAstirajJAnaM, jJAnaM jJAnI samAzrayaH / dadAti yattu yasyAsti, suprasiddhamidaM vcH|| -iSTopadeza ajJAnI kI upAsanA karane se ajJAna kI prApti hotI hai aura jJAniyoM kI upAsanA se jJAna kii| jisake pAsa jo hotA hai vaha vahI to de sakatA hai yaha bAta to pUre vizva meM prasiddha hai| kapar3e kI dukAna para kapar3A hI milegA aura kirAne kI dukAna para kirAnA, rAgI-dveSI ke pAsa rAga-dveSa milegA aura vItarAgI ke pAsa viitraagtaa| aba hamArA viveka kisakI zaraNa meM jAtA hai, ye hameM svayaM vicAra karanA hai|
Page #37
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAcIna bhAratIya nyAyika vyavasthA - DaoN. muktA baMsala evaM DaoN. mukeza kumAra prAcIna bhAratIya vyavasthAkAroM ne samAja evaM manuSya ko vyavasthita aura niyaMtrita rakhane ke lie jina mAnya paraMparAoM, prathAoM tathA vidhAnoM ko lipibaddha kiyA hai, unhIM niyamoM ko vidhi aura kAnUna kI saMjJA pradAna kI gyii| ina vidhika siddhAMtoM ko rAjya-saMsthA dvArA svIkRta kiyA gyaa| isI kAraNa inake anupAlana ke lie rAjyazakti kA prayoga Avazyaka huaa| vaidika yuga se hI vidhi evaM vidhika saMsthAoM kI sthApanA prAraMbha ho gayI thii| vaidika sAhitya meM vidhi dvArA nyAya karane ke saMketa milate haiN| uttara vaidika kAla meM dharmazAstroM, sUtrasAhityoM tathA smRtigraMthoM meM vibhinna prakAra se vidhi kA svarUpa nirmita huaa| sUtra sAhitya meM vidhi kA mukhya AdhAra vedoM ko hI mAnA gyaa| Apastamba-dharmasUtra ke anusAra dharma-vyavasthA ke mUla srota veda haiM tathApi itihAsa, smRti aura AcAra se bhI dharma-vyavasthA kA bodha hotA hai| vaidika yuga meM varuNa ko prazAsana aura nyAya kA adhiSThAtR-devatA kahA gayA hai, jisake pratinidhi ke rUpa meM rAjA isa loka meM rAjya karatA hai, jo pApiyoM ko daNDa detA hai aura sajjanoM kI rakSA karatA hai| mahAvIracarita nATaka meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti prajAjanoM ke viruddha AcaraNa karatA hai aura jAnabUjhakara pApa aura aparAdha karatA hai, usako rAjA avazya daNDa detA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya samAja-vyavasthA una vyaktiyoM dvArA nirmita kI gayI thI, jo samasta jIvana kA anubhava prApta kiye hue manuSya kI carama avasthA ko prApta kara, sAMsArika jIvana ke svArthoM se nirlipta the aura jo samAja kI vyavasthA nirmANa ke lie sabase adhika yogya the| yaha vyavasthA 'Apta' vAkyoM ke rUpa meM zruti-sAhitya; vedoM, brAhmaNoM, AraNyakoM tathA upaniSadoM meM dI gayI thI aura Age calakara jinakA spaSTIkaraNa niyamoM tathA upaniyamoM ke rUpa meM smRtiyoM, dharmasUtroM tathA vedAMgoM Adi meM kiyA gayA thaa| prAcIna bhArata meM samAja ke niyama banAne kA adhikAra rAjya ko prApta nahIM thaa| bhAratIya vicArakoM tathA samAja-vyavasthApakoM kI dhAraNA thI ki rAjataMtrAtmaka, gaNataMtrAtmaka yA kulInataMtrAtmaka kisI bhI rAjya kA adhikAra jina logoM ke pAsa rahatA hai, ve sAMsArika dRSTi se mahattvAkAMkSI hote haiM aura apanI svArthasiddhi ke lie athavA apanI mahattvAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke lie ve samasta upAyoM yA yuktiyoM ko karane ke lie tatpara rahate haiM, ve niSpakSa aura nirlipta rUpa meM sAMsArika jIvana ke saMgharSoM aura svArthoM se Upara uThakara vicAra kara hI nahIM sakate, ata: aise vyaktiyoM ke hAthoM meM samAja ke niyama banAne kA adhikAra denA unheM mAnya nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki samAja ke niyama tathA una niyamoM ke spaSTIkaraNa ke adhikAra ke lie 'pariSad' nAma kI eka saMsthA kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| 'pariSad' ke
Page #38
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 38 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 viSaya meM manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki isa smRti meM batAye gaye dharma ke viSaya meM yadi koI zaMkA ho to jisa niyama ko ziSTa brAhmaNa mAnyatA de, usI ko zaMkArahita hokara dharma samajhanA cAhiye athavA dasa yA tIna zreSTha brAhmaNa kI 'pariSad' meM dharma kA nirNaya honA caahie| yAjJavalkya va pArAzarasmRtiyoM tathA gautamadharmasUtra meM bhI pariSad ke saMbaMdha meM isI prakAra ke vicAra vyakta kiye gaye haiM ki dharma-saMzaya ke nirNaya ke lie tIna vyaktiyoM kI pariSad meM Rgveda, yajurveda tathA sAmaveda ke jJAtA hI rahane caahie|' samAja-vyavasthA ke niyamoM kA samAveza sarvaprathama dharmazAstroM; jinake antargata zruti, smRti, itihAsa-purANa Adi Ate haiM; meM kiyA gayA; inameM rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, Arthika, naitika, vaiyaktika, zaikSika, vaivAhika Adi sabhI prakAra ke niyamoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA thaa| isa dRSTi se dharmazAstroM ke niyama bhI vidhi ke rUpa meM mAnyatA rakhate haiN| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM thA ki rAjya koI niyama hI nahIM banA sakatA thaa| rAjya kI AjJA dvArA jo niyama lAgU kiye jAte the, unheM hI rAjyAnuzAsana' kahA gayA hai| kauTilya ne vidhi ke cAra srotoM kA varNana karate hue kahA hai ki dharma, vyavahAra, caritra aura rAjyAnuzAsana vyavahAra ke cAra pada haiN| inameM dharma satya meM, vyavahAra sAkSiyoM para, caritra manuSyoM ke saMgraha meM aura rAjyAnuzAsana rAjya kI AjJA meM sthita hai| dharmazAstroM tathA vidhizAstroM meM ApasI vivAdoM ke niyamoM ko vyavahAra nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra kA artha pArasparika vivAda ke vividha saMdehoM ko haraNa karane ke sAdhana se hai| vyavahAra ke niyama dharmasammata hote the| zukranIti aura yAjJavalkyasmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki smRtiyoM aura AcAra ke ullaMghana se yadi koI dUsaroM dvArA pIr3ita ho aura vaha rAjA ke yahA~ Avedana kare, to vaha kriyA vyavahAra pada hai| prAcIna bhAratIya manISiyoM evaM rAjanaitika ciMtakoM ne rAjya saMracanA evaM samAja saMracanA meM aisI vyavasthA kA nirmANa kiyA ki sabhI prakAra kI vidhiyoM kA nirNaya upayukta vyaktiyoM dvArA ho, jo una niyamoM kI bhAvanAoM ko ThIka prakAra se samajha sakeM aura jo una niyamoM ke prayoga meM adhikRta rIti se bola skeN| kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi ko manuSya kA prabala zatru mAnA gayA hai| inake vazIbhUta hokara manuSya apane dharma kA ullaMghana kara anya vyaktiyoM ko kaSTa athavA hAni pahu~cAtA hai, jo samAja meM kalaha aura dveSa-bhAvanA kI vRddhi kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai, usa dveSa aura kalaha kI bhAvanA ko rokane ke lie prAcIna bhAratIya dharmazAstrakAroM ne nyAya vyavasthA kA vidhAna kiyA thaa| rAjya evaM zAsana-saMsthA ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha prAcIna kAla meM nyAya-vyavasthA kA bhI samucita vikAsa huaa| sarvamAnya janatA ko arAjaka sthiti se mukti dilAne tathA sukhI jIvana vyatIta karane ke lie eka suvyavasthita zAsanapaddhati ne janma liyaa| isa vyavasthA ke lie Avazyaka thA ki sAmAnya jana bhI paraspara nyAyocita vyavahAra kara rAjya ke niyamoM kA pAlana kreN| prAcIna bhArata meM nyAya vyavasthA aura prazAsana ke do mukhya uddezya the| pahalA satya kA jJAna karanA aura dUsarA nyAya se saMbandhita vAdoM ke niyamoM kA pAlana karanA aura kraanaa| rAjA kI tulanA eka zalyacikitsaka se karate
Page #39
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 39 hue kahA gayA hai ki vaha AvazyakatA par3ane para aMgacchedana bhI karatA hai| nyAyAlaya vibhinna vargoM ke pratinidhiyoM, niyuktoM-aniyuktoM evaM caroM Adi se satya kI jAnakArI prApta karake hI vidhi kA kAryAnvayana karatA hai, kyoMki satya kA jJAna prApta karanA hI nyAya kA mukhya uddezya hai| prAcIna bhArata meM rAjA vidhinirmANa ke sthAna para nyAyika prazAsana kA netRtva karatA thaa| nyAyAdhIzoM para bhI vidhi ke atirikta anya koI dabAva nahIM thaa| kAryapAlikA aura nyAyapAlikA ke kSetra alaga-alaga nirdhArita the| yadyapi donoM kA adhyakSa eka hI hotA thaa| nyAyika prazAsana meM samAja dvArA svIkRta niyamoM kA vizeSa prabhAva thA aura nyAyika prazAsana bhI sAmAjika parivartanoM ko svIkAra karatA thaa| azvaghoSa ke anusAra nyAya kA mukhya uddezya rASTra meM sukha aura samRddhi kA prasAra karanA thA, tAki sabala vyakti durbaloM ko na satAne paae| daNDya vyakti daNDa se mukta na ho aura adaNDya vyakti daNDita na ho| prAcIna bhArata meM rAjya prazAsana kA mahattva nyAyika prazAsana meM adhika nahIM thA aura vaha svayaM aisA koI Adeza nahIM kara sakatA thA, jo dezadRSTa evaM zAstrasammata niyamoM ke viruddha ho| svAbhAvika rUpa se prAcIna bhAratIya dharmazAstroM meM aneka aise nirdeza vidyamAna haiM, jinase patA calatA hai ki svayaM rAjA bhI vidhi ke adhIna thA aura nyAya se Upara nahIM thaa| aparAdha siddha ho jAne para rAjA bhI daNDita hotA thaa| manusmRti meM spaSTa vyavasthA dI gayI hai ki jisa aparAdha ke lie sAdhAraNa vyakti ko eka kArSApaNa kA daNDa diyA jAe, usake lie rAjA ko eka sahasra kArSApaNa kA daNDa diyA jAnA caahie|' prAcIna bhAratIyazAstroM ke anusAra rAjya kA sarvocca adhikArI rAjA ko mAnA gayA hai aura use 'nyAya kA Aspada' kahA gayA hai| nyAya karanA rAjA ke pada kA karttavya mAnA gayA hai| bhAsa ke anusAra rAjA duSToM ko daNDa dekara prajA ke pArasparika vivAdoM ko zAnta kara rAjya meM zAMti sthApita karatA hai| mAlavikAgnimitra meM rAjA agnimitra prajA ko nyAya dene meM saMlagna batAyA gayA hai| rAjA ke lie sabase bar3A yajJa ucita nyAya kI vyavasthA mAnI gayI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha samAja aura vidhi kI maryAdAoM ke aMtargata rahakara nyAya kA Ayojana karatA thaa| rAjA kA karttavya thA ki aparAdhI ko daNDa mile tathA niraparAdha vyakti daNDita na hone paaye| buddhacarita meM azvaghoSa ne rAjA zuddhodhana kI dharmaniSThA aura karttavyaparAyaNatA kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki rAjA aparAdha karane vAloM ko daNDa detA thA, yadyapi use kSamA kA bhI adhikAra thA, kintu aparAdhiyoM ko chor3A nahIM jAtA thaa| niSpakSa nyAya karane vAle rAjA ko vahI phala milatA hai jo pavitra yajJa karane se prApta hotA hai| niraparAdhiyoM ko daNDa dene vAle rAjA ke lie na kevala naraka kA bhaya thA apitu prajA bhI usake prati vidroha kara sakatI thii| rAjA dvArA nyAya ke niyamoM kA pAlana na karane para rAjya meM krAMti kA bhI bhaya ho sakatA thaa| rAjA svayaM samasta rAjya ke vivAdoM kA nirNaya nahIM kara sakatA thA ataH grAmastara se lekara rASTrastara taka ke nyAyAlayoM kI sthApanA karake unameM nyAyAdhIzoM kI niyukti karatA thaa| kintu aMtima nirNaya rAjA kA hI mAnya hotA thaa| rAjA hI nyAya kA aMtima uttaradAyI thaa| rAjA karttavyAnusAra rAjasabhA meM svayaM upasthita
Page #40
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 hokara samasta vivAdoM kA nirNaya karatA thaa| uttararAmacarita meM bhavabhUti ne rAjA ko dharmAsana para baiThakara svayaM nyAya karate hue batAyA hai| nyAyAlayoM kA saMgaThana rAjyoM ke vistAra aura sAmrAjyoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha-sAtha nyAya kA kSetra bhI bar3ha gayA thaa| samasta vivAdoM kA samAdhAna rAjA dvArA kiyA jAnA saMbhava nahIM thA ataH rAjA nyAya-nirNaya hetu amAtyoM, purohitoM aura nyAya-sabhA kI sahAyatA lene lage the| prAcIna bhAratIya vidhizAstroM meM rAjA dvArA nyAyaniSpAdana hetu nyAyAlayoM kI sthApanA kA siddhAnta mAnya thaa| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM inako 'adhikaraNa' kahA gayA hai| smRti-sAhitya meM ina nyAyAlayoM ke lie dharmasthAna, dharmAsana, dharmAdhikaraNa Adi zabda prayukta kiye gaye haiN| mRcchakaTika meM inako vyavahAra-maNDapa aura adhikaraNa-maNDapa nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra-prakAza meM pRthvIcanda ne vAtsyAyana ke mata ko uddhRta karate hue nyAyAlaya ko dharmAdhikaraNa zabda se saMbodhita kiyA hai kyoMki vahAM dharmazAstroM ke AdhAra para hI vivAdoM kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna sAhitya meM sthUla rUpa meM do prakAra ke nyAyAlayoM kA ullekha milatA hai:- 1. rAja nyAyAlaya, 2. anya nyaayaaly| rAja nyAyAlaya vaha sabhA thI, jahA~ rAjA hI sarvoca nyAyAdhIza hotA thaa| anya prakAra ke nyAyAlayoM ko kSetrIya nyAyAlaya kahA jA sakatA hai, jo kramAnusAra choTe-bar3e stara ke hote the| rAja nyAyAlaya ke bhI do rUpa the- eka meM mukhya nyAyAdhIza ke rUpa meM rAjA svayaM upasthita hotA thA, dUsare prakAra ke nyAyAlayoM ke lie vaha kisI yogya vyakti ko nyAyAdhIza niyukta kara detA thaa| anya nyAyAlayoM meM kula, zreNI, pUga evaM gaNa Adi ke apane nyAyAlaya the, jinheM kevala sImita kSetra meM hI nyAya karane kA adhikAra prApta thaa| eka hI prakAra kI vRtti karane vAle rAjyasammata vyApArika saMgaThanoM ko zreNI kahA jAtA thaa| rAjA dvArA zreNiyoM ko niyamoM, paramparAoM Adi ke anusAra apane svayaM ke vivAdoM ko sulajhAne hetu mAnyatA pradAna kI gayI thii| ina zreNiyoM athavA saMghoM ke niyamoM ko rAjakRta niyamoM ke samAna hI mAnyatA prApta thii| ye saMgha svayaM apane vivAdoM ko hala karate the tathA ayogya aura bhraSTa karmacAriyoM ko daNDa dete the| yadi zreNIpramukha durbhAvanA athavA ghRNAvaza kisI vyakti ke sAtha anyAya karatA thA to rAjA use daNDita karane kA adhikArI thA kyoMki zreNI-pramukha rAjA se hI adhikAra prApta karake nyAya karate the| cANakya ne do prakAra ke nyAyAlayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-dharmasthIya aura knnttkshodhn| dharmasthIya nyAyAlayoM ke nyAyAdhIzoM ko dharmastha aura kaNTakazodhana nyAyAlayoM ke nyAyAdhIza ko pradeSTA nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| rAjakIya nyAyAdhikaraNoM ke atirikta vibhinna vibhAgoM ke apane prazAsanika nyAyAdhikaraNa bhI hote haiM, jinheM apane vibhAgoM ke adhi kAriyoM ke mAmaloM meM vivAdoM ke nistAraNa kA adhikAra thaa| eka vezyA dvArA apanI putrI ko Adhe paNa ke lie kumArAmAtya ke adhikaraNa meM le jAne kA ullekha zyAmilaka ke pAdatADitaka nAmaka bhANa meM prApta hotA hai|
Page #41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 nyAyAdhIzoM kI niyukti karate samaya vizeSa satarkatA baratI jAtI thii| isake lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki vaha vyakti guNasaMpanna, yogya, udAra, kulIna, udvegarahita, sthira, krodha rahita aura dharmiSTha honA caahie| nyAyAdhIza ke lie dharmazAstroM kA jJAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha caritravAna honA bhI Avazyaka thaa| mattavilAsa prahasana ke anusAra use kuTilatArahita, sthirasvabhAva, komalavRtti, uttama kula meM utpanna tathA AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA, daNDanIti, zruti, smRti Adi meM pAraMgata honA caahie| vyavahAraprakAza ke anusAra nyAyAdhIza brAhmaNa varNa kA honA cAhiye, yogya brAhmaNa ke na milane para kSatriya yA vaizya ko bhI nyAyAdhIza niyukta kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu zUdra ko kisI bhI avasthA meM nyAya-saMbaMdhI kArya meM nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| prAcIna bhAratIya nyAya-prakriyA atyadhika sarala thii| nyAya ke icchuka vAdI ko apanI yAcikA ke sAtha nyAyAlaya meM upasthita honA par3atA thaa| nyAyAlaya meM prastuta mukadamoM ko 'vyavahAra' tathA vyavahAra ke lie Ane vAle vyakti ko 'abhyarthI' kahA jAtA thaa| yAcikAoM ko prastuta karane ke vizeSa niyama the| yAcikA likhita rUpa meM zuddha aura saMkSipta honI Avazyaka thii| yAcikA ke azuddha hone para vAdI kI yAcikA amAnya kara dI jAtI thii| yAcikA meM sabhI tathyoM kA samAveza tathA vaha dAyeM hAtha se nyAyAlaya meM prastuta kI jAye, isa prakAra kA vivaraNa yuktikalpataru tathA nAradasmRti meM diyA gayA hai| jo vyakti; jaise strI, bAlaka, vRddha, anAtha, rugNa athavA jina vyaktiyoM ko nyAyAlaya meM upasthita hone kI chUTa thI jaise-deva, brAhmaNa, RSi, tapasvI Adi; zArIrika rUpa se svayaM upasthita hone meM asamartha hote the, unake pakSa ko rAjakarmacArI prastuta kara sakatA thaa| abhyarthI kI yAcikA prastuta hone para prativAdI athavA pratyarthI ko usakI sUcanA bhejI jAtI thii| yaha kArya zrAvaNika nAmaka karmacArI dvArA saMpanna kiyA jAtA thaa| nirdhArita sunavAI ke dina dharmAsanika ke Adeza para zrAvaNika, vAdI tathA prativAdI ko pukAratA thA tathA vAda para sunavAI prAraMbha hotI thii| nyAyAdhIza donoM pakSoM ko sunakara evaM nyAyasabhA ke sadasyoM ke parAmarza karane ke uparAMta yA to svayaM nirNaya detA thA athavA mahattvapUrNa vivAdoM ko rAjA ke nirNaya ke lie surakSita rakha letA thaa| kisI bhI vyavahAra' para aMtima nirNaya kA adhikAra rAjA ke pAsa surakSita hotA thaa| mRcchakaTika se jJAta hotA hai ki cArudatta vasantasenA kI hatyA kA aparAdhI thaa| aparAdha ke pramANita hone para nyAyAdhikaraNa dvArA deza nirvAsana ke daNDa kI saMstuti kI gayI thI parantu rAjA ne isa saMstuti ko amAnya karate hue cArudatta ko mRtyudaNDa diyaa| mRcchakaTika se nyAya prakriyA ke saMbandha meM aura bhI vistRta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| tadanusAra vyavahAra maNDapa ke mukhya dvAra para eka dauvArika yA dvArapAla niyukta rahatA thA, jo daNDanAyaka kI anumati pAne para pU~chatA thA ki kauna loga kAryArthI haiM arthAt mukadamA dAyara karanA cAhate haiN| isake uparAMta vAdI nyAyAlaya meM apanA vAda prastuta karatA thaa| taduparAMta nyAyAlaya se sUcanA milane para prativAdI nizcita tithi para upasthita hokara apanA pakSa rakhatA thaa| nyAyAlaya dvArA vAda ke pakSa meM pramANa mA~gA jAtA thA aura saMbandhita pakSoM
Page #42
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 kI gavAhI bhI lI jAtI thii| tapasvI, dAnazIla, kulIna, satyavAdI, putravAn, dharmaniSTha tathA dhanI vyaktiyoM kA sAkSya ucita mAnA jAtA thaa| strI, bAlaka, vRddha, pAkhaNDI, unmatta (pAgala), lUle evaM la~gar3e vyakti gavAhI ke yogya nahIM mAne jAte the| nyAyAlayoM meM vAdI-prativAdI tathA gavAhoM ko zapatha lenI hotI thI- brAhmaNa ko satya, kSatriya ko vAhana yA Ayudha, vaizya ko gAya, bIja athavA suvarNa tathA zUdra ko samasta pApoM se zapatha lenI par3atI thii| jhUThI zapatha lenA niMdanIya bhI thA aura aparAdha bhii| vivAdoM ke nirNaya meM sAkSiyoM kA bahuta adhika mahattva thaa| prAcIna samaya meM do prakAra ke sAkSya pracalita the- maukhika sAkSya aura likhita saakssy| vAdI aura prativAdI apane-apane kathanoM ko siddha karane ke lie maukhika sAkSya prastuta karate the| sAkSya dene se pUrva sAkSI ko satya bolane kI zapatha grahaNa karanI hotI thii| nyAyAlaya dvArA bulAye jAne para sAkSI kA nyAyAlaya meM upasthita na honA daNDanIya aparAdha thA, jisake lie artha-daNDa kA prAvadhAna thaa| maukhika sAkSya kI apekSA likhita sAkSya ko adhika prAmANika mAnA jAtA thaa| sAkSya meM ubhaya pakSa ke hastAkSara na hone para use pramANita nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| likhita sAkSya cAra vargoM meM vibhAjita the- svahastalikhita, anyahastalikhita, laukika tathA rAjakIya mudrA se aMkitA laukika sAkSyoM ke abhAva meM divya sAkSyoM kI vyavasthA kI gayI thii| mRcchakaTika meM cAra prakAra ke divya sAkSyoM athavA parIkSAoM kA ullekha AyA hai- viSa, jala, tulA aura agni ke mAdhyama se parIkSA jo varNAzrita thiiN| brAhmaNa, bAlaka, vRddha, andhe tathA rugNa vyakti ke lie tulA parIkSA, kSatriyoM ke lie agni, vaizyoM tathA zUdroM ke lie viSa parIkSA liye jAne kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| hanumannATaka meM sItA kI agni-parIkSA kA udAharaNa hai| apane satItva ko pramANita karane ke lie sItA agni meM kUda gayI thI, parantu agni usako jalA nahIM skii| prAcIna bhArata meM yadyapi nyAya-vyavasthA atyadhika sarala, suvyavasthita evaM pakSapAtarahita thI tathApi cauthI zatAbdI I. taka Ate-Ate usameM pakSapAta evaM bhraSTAcAra prAraMbha ho gayA thaa| mRcchakaTika meM vivaraNa AyA hai ki rAjA kA sAlA zakAra, cArudatta para nyAyAlaya meM vasantasenA kI hatyA karane kA abhiyoga prastuta karate samaya, nyAyAdhIza ko rAjA kA bhaya dikhAkara prabhAvita karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| pAdatADitaka bhANa se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya nyAyavyavasthA kAphI paMgu ho gaI thI usameM bhraSTAcAra tathA pakSapAta vyApta ho gayA thaa| isa saMbandha meM eka udAharaNa milatA hai ki madayantI nAmaka eka vezyA, upagupta se AdhA paNa dhana lene ke lie nyAyAlaya kI zaraNa meM gayI thii| ye vivaraNa bhI milate haiM ki mukadamA sunate samaya prAvivAka viSNudAsa U~ghatA rahatA thA aura nyAyAlaya ke adhikArI, pustapAla, kAyastha, kASThaka aura mahattara rizvata mAMgate the| yaha saba bhraSTAcAra aura avyavasthA dekhakara upagupta ne socA ki rizvata dene se acchA to yahI hai ki vezyA ko hI dhana de diyA jaaye| 'mattavilAsaprahasana' se bhI yahI saMketa milatA hai ki nyAyAlaya ke karmacArI rizvata lekara nyAya ke viparIta nirNaya de dete the|
Page #43
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 nyAya-vyavasthA meM vyApRta karmacArI prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya se jAnakArI prApta hotI hai ki nyAyAdhIzoM ke atirikta nyAya-prakriyA meM sahAyatA pradAna karane hetu vibhinna karmacAriyoM kI niyukti kI jAtI thI yathA- dharmAdhikArI, prAvivAka, sabhya, purohita, grAmaNI, kAyastha, pustapAla, kASThaka, mahattara, baladarzaka, zrAvaNika, kAlapAzika, daNDapAzika, ghAtaka Adi jinakA vivaraNa adhodatta haidharmAdhikArI nyAya-Asana para baiThane vAle vyakti ko dharmAsanika, dharmasthala, dharmAdhikArI Adi padoM se abhihita kiyA jAtA thaa| arthazAstra meM kaNTakazodhana-nyAyAlayoM ke nyAyAdhIzoM ko pradeSTA, mAnasollAsa meM unheM dharmAdhikArI tathA mRcchakaTika meM AdhikaraNika kahA gayA hai| dharmazAstroM aura rAjanItiparaka graMthoM meM nyAyAdhIzoM ke pada ke lie 'dharmavettA' zabda prayukta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dharmAdhyakSa yA dharmAdhikArI, kulIna, zIlavAn, guNasaMpanna, satyavAdI, dharmaparAyaNa, catura, prajJAsaMpanna aura dakSa honA caahie| prAvivAka rAjA ko dharmanirNaya meM sahAyatA dene ke lie jisa nyAyAdhIza athavA maMtrI kI niyukti kA ullekha milatA hai, use prADvivAka nAma diyA gayA hai| nyAyAdhIza vivAdiyoM se prazna karane ke kAraNa 'prAD' tathA viveka ke anusAra nirNaya karane ke kAraNa 'vivAka' kahalAtA thaa| donoM kA sammilita rUpa hone ke kAraNa isa adhikArI ko prADvivAkaka kahate the| kAryAdhikya ke kAraNa nyAyika vyavasthA meM adhika samaya na dene ke kAraNa rAjA pradhAna nyAyAdhIza ke rUpa meM prADvivAka kI niyukti karatA thaa| prADvivAka rAjA ke sthAnApanna nyAyika kArya saMpanna karatA thaa| vIramitrodaya meM pradhAna nyAyAdhIza ko vaktA aura rAjA ko zAsaka kahA gayA hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM mukhya nyAyAdhIza kI yogyatA para atyadhika dhyAna diyA gayA hai| prADvivAka ko vidvAn, kulIna, vRddha, prajJAsaMpanna aura dharma ke prati jAgaruka Adi guNoM se saMpanna honA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| prADvivAka mukhya nyAyAdhIza ke sAtha-sAtha nyAya vibhAga kA sarvocca adhikArI athavA maMtrI bhI hotA thA, jisakI sahAyatA ke lie sAta, pAMca athavA tIna sabhyoM kI niyukti kI jAtI thii| sabhya prADvivAka ke nyAyAlaya; jisameM kabhI-kabhI svayaM rAjA bhI upasthita hokara nirNaya ghoSita karatA thA; ko 'sabhA' tathA usa sabhA ke sadasyoM ko 'sabhya' kahA gayA hai| pradhAna nyAyAdhIzoM ke sAtha kama se kama tIna vidvAn brAhmaNa sabhyoM ko sahAyaka ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA jAtA thaa| prADvivAka sabhyoM ke sAtha sabhA kI kAryavAhI saMpanna karatA thaa| rAjA, sabhA bhavana meM prADvivAka, amAtya, brAhmaNa, purohita aura anya sabhyoM ke sAtha praveza kara nyAyika prakriyA saMpanna karatA thaa| sabhya, rAjA dvArA niyukta kiye jAte the, kintu ve rAjA ke sthAna para, dharmazAstroM ke prati uttaradAyI the| rAjA ko nyAya tathA karttavya mArga
Page #44
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 para lAnA sabhyoM kA paramadAyitva thaa| dharmazAstroM meM mukhya nyAyAdhIza tathA sabhyoM ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sabhya yathAsaMbhava brAhmaNa, dhArmika, ni:svArthI tathA caritravAn hone caahie| purohita nyAyika prakriyA ke daurAna rAjA ke sAtha purohita kA honA sadaiva anivArya thaa| rAjA sabhyoM ke sAtha parAmarza karane ke uparAMta anta meM purohita se hI nirNaya kI ghoSaNA karatA thaa| nyAyika prazAsana meM purohita rAjA ke kAryoM, vyavahAra evaM nirNaya ke nirIkSaNakartA ke rUpa meM kArya karatA thaa| nyAyika prakriyA ke samaya yadi rAjA upasthita hotA thA, to usa samaya purohita kA sthAna prADvivAka se bhI mahattvapUrNa ho jAtA thA lekina donoM pada alaga-alaga the| kauTilya ne mAnA hai ki nyAyAdhIza evaM anya karmacAriyoM ke nyAya saMbandhI kAryoM ke nirIkSaNa kA adhikAra purohita ko honA cAhiye, yadyapi purohita kA nyAyika prazAsana meM hastakSepa adhika nahIM thaa| rAmAyaNa meM bhI yaha kArya heya dRSTi se dekhA gayA hai kyoMki usa samaya usakA vizeSa saMbaMdha 'prAyazcitta' se hI raha gayA thaa| grAmaNI nyAyika prazAsana meM grAmaNI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| grAmaNI kI niyukti sIdhe rAjA dvArA kI jAtI thii| prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM rAjakarmacArI ke rUpa meM grAmaNI ko aneka nyAyika evaM prazAsakIya adhikAroM se yukta mAnA gayA hai| vyavahAra-vidhi meM vivAda ke nirNaya meM use mahattvapUrNa adhikAra prApta the| grAmaNI kA brAhmaNa honA Avazyaka nahIM thaa| kAyastha evaM pustapAla nyAyika prakriyA meM kAyastha nAmaka karmacArI kA ullekha bhI prAcIna sAhitya meM milatA hai| kAyastha zabda kA artha hai- kAye nyAyAlaye tiSThati iti kAyasthaH arthAt jo 'kAya' arthAt nyAyAlaya meM banA rahatA hai| kAyastha kA pramukha kArya abhyarthI athavA yAcI kI yAcikAoM ko lekara, nyAyAdhIza ke samakSa prastuta karanA hotA thA, sAtha hI vaha vyavahAra mukadamoM ke sabhI tathyoM ko lekhabaddha kara unakA rikArDa rakhatA thaa| kAyastha kI niyukti nyAyAlayoM ke atirikta anya vibhAgoM meM bhI hotI thii| kAyastha mukhyataH lekhana-kArya se saMbaMdhita karmacArI thA, jo sabhI vibhAgoM kI kAryavAhI ko kramabaddha evaM lipibaddha karatA thaa| kAyastha ke atirikta nyAyAlaya prakriyA meM patrajAta, phAila aura anya abhilekhoM ko surakSita rakhane kA kArya, pustakAla nAmaka karmacArI dvArA kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA anya nyAyika karmacArI nyAyAlaya meM eka anya mahattvapUrNa karmacArI 'kASThaka-mahattara' hotA thaa| jisake hAtha meM eka daNDa rahatA thaa| yaha rAjadaNDa ke pratIka ke rUpa meM nyAyAdhIza ke sAtha upasthita
Page #45
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 rahatA thaa| 'zrAvaNika' nAmaka karmacArI mukadamoM ke samaya vAdI tathA prativAdI ko pukArane tathA unheM nyAyAlaya ke Adeza pahuMcAne kA kArya karatA thaa| 'baladarzaka' nyAyAlayoM ke nirNayoM, vizeSa rUpa se RNa saMbandhI nirNayoM kA pAlana karatA thaa| nyAyAlaya dvArA diye gaye daNDa ko kAryAnvita karane kA kArya 'kAlapAzika' nAmaka karmacArI dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| phaujadArI mukadamoM meM nirNaya hone para daNDa dene kI vyavasthA kA kArya 'daNDapAzika' nAmaka karmacArI dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| mRtyudaNDa, 'ghAtaka' athavA 'bodhika' nAmaka karmacArI dvArA diyA jAtA thaa| abhijJAnazAkuntala meM vivaraNa milatA hai ki rAjA ke nyAya karane vAle kucha adhikArI bhramaNa karate hue yaha dekhate the ki prajA nirbighna rUpa se kArya kara rahI hai athavA nhiiN| aparAdhI kA patA lagAne ke lie guptacaroM yA gUDhapuruSoM kI sahAyatA bhI lI jAtI thii| saMdarbha 1. Apastamba; 1/1/1/2-3 2. mahAvIracarita 4/36-37 3. manusmRti, 12/08-15 4. pArAzara 8/9/35, yAjJavalkya , 1/1 5. zukranIti, 4/552-54 6. arthazAstra, 3/1/56-57 7. zukranIti, 4/586-87, yAjJavalkya , 2/5 8. buddhacarita, 1/82 9. manusmRti, 8/336 10. bRhaspatismRti, 1/34 11. raghuvaMza, 1/6 12. avimAraka, 1/12 13. mAlavikA; aMka-1 pRSTha 179 14. buddhacarita, 1/82 15. uttararAmacarita, 1/7 16. mukharjI, rAdhAkumuda, dI hindU juDizayala sisTama, pRSTha 64-65 17. padmaprAbhRtaka, zloka 17, pAdatADitakabhANa, pRSTha 213 18. mRcchakaTika, aMka 9 19. yAtrA dhikriyate sthAne dharmAdhikaraNaM hi tt|| vyavahAra-prakAza, pRSTha 15 20. arorA, natAzA, prAcIna bhArata meM nyAya vyavasthA, pRSTha 66-87 21. pAdatADitaka, pRSTha 213 22. kulazIla guNopetaH satyadharma praaynnH| pravINa:pezalo dakSo dharmAdhyakSo vidhiiyte| rAjanIti ratnAkara, pRSTha 18 23. ajijhaiH sAragurubhiH sthiraiH zlakSNaiH sujnmbhiH| mattavilAsa prahasana, zloka 18 24. vaizyaM vA dharmazAstrajJaM zUdraM yatnena vrjyet|| vyavahAraprakAza, pRSTha 13-14 25. paramAtmAzaraNa, prAcIna bhArata meM rAjanaitika vicAra evaM saMsthAeM, pRSTha 206 26. raghuvaMza, 17/39 27. jAyasavAla, ke. pI.; hindU rAjya-taMtra, pR. 305, mRcchakaTika, aMka-9,cintAsaktanimagnamaMtrisalilam
Page #46
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 28. Arya! nirNaye vayaM prmaannm| zeSe tu raajaa| mRcchakaTika, aMka 9-7 29. mRcchakaTika, 9/10 30. yAjJavalkya , 2/5 31. mitAkSarA, 2/1 32. kapUra, zailendranAtha, prAcIna bhAratIya rAjataMtra, pRSTha 53 33. yuktikalpataru, vyavahArakANDa; nAradasmRti 2/2 34 pAdatADitaka, pRSTha 213 35. mRcchakaTika, 9/39 36. goyala, zrIrAma, gupta sAmrAjya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 388-89 37. smRticandrikA, bhAga-2, pR. 91 38. zukranIti, 4/689 39. mRcchakaTika, 9/43 40. hanumAnnATaka, 14/54 41. mRcchakaTika, aMka 9 42. pAdatADitaka, zloka 89-81 43. mattavilAsa, pRSTha 31 44. mAnasollAsa, 2/2/933; mRcchakaTika, 9/4 45. rAjanItiratnAkara, 'paTanA' saMskaraNa, pRSTha 18 45 ka.amarakoSa, 3/3/183; 5/2/127; u. 2/27 46. tripAThI, harinAtha, prAcIna bhArata meM rAjya aura nyApAlikA, pRSTha 140 47. vIramitrodaya, pRSTha 42 48. vAjapeyI, ambikAprasAda, hindU rAjazAstra, pRSTha 233 49. manusmRti 8/1-2; yAjJavalkya 2/1; zukranIti 4/548-49 50. zukranIti 2/418; 4/537 51. yAjJavalkya 1/312-13 para mitAkSarATIkA 52. paurohatyaM jAne vigaye dRSya jiivnm|| adhyAtmarAmAyaNa, ayodhyAkANDa, 2/228 53. tripAThI, harinAtha, prAcIna bhArata meM rAjya aura nyAyapAlikA, pRSTha 149 54. pAdatADitaka, zloka 80 55. abhijJAnazAkuntalam aMka-1 ***** -esosieTa prophesara (rAjanIti vijJAna vibhAga) esa. DI, kaoNleja, mujaphpharanagara (uttarapradeza)
Page #47
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vedAnta aura svarUpasambodhana parizIlana DaoN. jayakumAra bhAratIya darzana sampradAyoM meM vaidika vicAradhArA kA sarvotkRSTa darzana saMpradAya vedAnta mAnA jAtA hai| zrI sadAnanda yati ne vedAntasAra meM ' vedAnto nAmopaniSatpramANam" kahakara vedAnta kA artha veda kI aMtima kar3I upaniSad mAnA hai, jabaki zrI baladeva upAdhyAya anta zabda kA artha rahasya sA siddhAnta mAnakara vedAnta kA artha veda kA mantavya svIkAra karate haiN| prophesara satyadeva mizra ne likhA hai ki 'upaniSadoM se udbhUta, gItA ke dvArA suvikasita tathA brahmasUtroM ke supratiSThApita vedAnta kA vaidika darzanoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai| gItA upaniSadoM kA sAra hai aura brahmasUtra aupaniSad maMtroM kA saMkSipta rUpa hai, ataeva vedAnta vastutaH aupaniSad darzana hai| jaina avaidika vicAradhArA ke darzanoM meM jainadarzana kA mAhAtmya sarvatra svIkRta hai| anekAntavAda kI saraNi para Azrita hone ke kAraNa yaha darzana kisI eka dRSTikoNa kA haThAgraha na rakhakara vastu ke kisI viziSTa dharma ko jaba pradhAnatayA vyAkhyApita karatA hai to anya dharmoM ko gauNa mAnakara calatA hai, unakA na vivecana karatA hai aura na niSedha hI karatA hai| isI kAraNa jainadarzana ko nirNAyaka kI bhUmikA kA nirvAhaka kahA jAtA hai| svarUpasaMbodhana tarkazAstra kI paddhati para racita AdhyAtmika darzana graMtha hai| isake parizIlana meM AcArya vizuddhasAgara mahArAja ne AtmaviSayaka vividha vaidika evaM avaidika dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA upasthApana kara unakA sayuktika nirasana kiyA hai| isa prasaMga meM vedAnta kI AtmaviSayaka mAnyatAoM kA nirasana prastuta Alekha kA viSaya hai| AtmA advaita vedAnta kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa pratipAdya hai, kyoMki isake jJAna ke dvArA hI parabrahma paramAtmA ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| AtmA kI siddhi ko svayaMsiddha mAnakara vedAntI kisI prakAra kA pramANa dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM samajhate haiN| Adya zaMkarAcArya ne spaSTatayA kahA hai- 'AtmA tu pramANAdivyavahArAzrayatvAt prAgeva pramANAdivyavahArAt siddhayati, na ca tasya nirAkaraNaM saMbhavati / AgantukaM hi vastu nirAkriyate, na svruupm| na hi agneruSNAgninA niraakriyte|' spaSTa hai ki AcArya zaMkara kI dRSTi meM AtmA svayaMsiddha hai| vaha koI bAhya vastu nahIM hai, ataeva usakA nirAkaraNa asaMbhava hai| nirAkaraNa to Agantuka vastu kA hotA hai, svarUpa kA nhiiN| agni se usakI USmA kA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vedAnta AtmA ko sat, cit, eka akhaNDa, advaita, amUrtika, sarvagata mAnakara use brahma kA aMza svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanika AtmA ko kathaMcit sat, cit eka, advaita, amUrtika evaM sarvagata to mAnate haiM, parantu ekAnta rUpa se nhiiN| svarUpa saMbodhana parizIlana
Page #48
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 meM AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja ne vedAnta kI aikAntika mAnyatAoM kA nirAkaraNa karake anaikAntika mAnyatAoM kI pratiSThApanA kI hai| (1) vedAntamAnya AtmA ke aikAntika satpane kA nirAkaraNa karate hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM- "caitanya dharma kI dRSTi se hI AtmA sat rUpa hai, na ki acetana kI apekssaa| acetana kI apekSA se vaha asat rUpa hI hai, ataH svacatuSTaya se dravya sat rUpa hai, paracatuSTaya kI apekSA asat rUpa hai| spaSTa hai ki AtmA kA satpanA sApekSa mAnA gayA hai, na ki nirpekss| vedAnta meM paramArthataH sat brahma kA vivarta hone se AtmA (jIva) ko anya jar3a padArthoM kI taraha adhyAsa (bhrama) mAnakara use asat rUpa bhI mAnA gayA hai| para yaha asatrUpatA paracatuSTaya kI apekSA na hone se jaina dArzanikoM ko mAnya nahIM hai| (2) vedAnta meM AtmA ko brahma kA ajJAnopahita caitanya aMza mAnA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM AtmA svatantra cetana dravya hai| AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja ne syAdvAda se jIva meM jar3abhAva bhI siddha karate hue jo hetu diyA hai, vaha vicAraNIya hai| AcAryazrI likhate haiM'indriyajJAna se rahita hone se zuddhAtmA jar3a bhI hai|" (3) advaita vedAntI AtmA ko eka akhaNDa svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki jaina dArzanika use svabhAva se eka akhaNDa dravya mAnate haiM parantu nAnA dharmoM kI apekSA use aneka bhI svIkAra karate haiN| AcAryazrI AzcaryapUrvaka advaita vedAntiyoM kI isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM- 'aho! advaita pakSa se eka jaTila prazna hai ki Apa aura ApakA pakSa ye bhI to do haiM, ApakA siddhAnta svamukha se hI bAdhita ho jAtA hai| aisA lagatA hai jaise ki koI yuvA apane mitra se kahatA hai ki mere mitra! mere pitAzrI to bAla brahmacArI haiN|. to kyA beTe kA kathana samyak hai? .... advaita kI siddhi hetu se hotI hai ki vacana mAtra se? .... yadi hetu se kahate ho to yaha hetu hai, yaha sAdhya hai, isa prakAra dvaita ho jaayegaa| yadi sAdhana ke binA advaita kI siddhi kahate ho to isa prakAra vacana mAtra se dvaita kI siddhi kyoM nahIM hogI?...donoM meM samAna sthiti hai|' apane kathana ko pUrva paraMparA se puSTa karate hue AcAryazrI ne AptamImAMsA kA paccIsavAM zloka uddhRta kiyA hai karmadvaitaM phaladvaitaM lokadvaitaM ca no bhvet| vidyA'vidyAdvayaM na syAt bandhamokSadvayaM tthaa|| arthAt advaita mAnane para zubha karma aura azubha karma do karma nahIM hote| yaha puNya hai, yaha pApa hai, ihaloka-paraloka, bandha-mokSa, jIvapradezoM kA aura karmapradezoM kA paraspara milanA-bandha tathA mokSa (ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA chUTanA) yaha saba kucha bhI nahIM hogaa| vedAntiyoM kI AtmA ko eka hI mAnane kI aikAntika mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki-'jo vastu ko eka hI rUpa svIkAratA hai, vaha svasamaya se bAhya hai, kyoMki jaina siddhAnta se viparIta hai| brahmAdvaitavAdI ekamAtra brahma kI sattA ko hI svIkAratA hai, kisI dUsare kI sattA ko kahanA hI nahIM caahtaa| eka svabhAva ekAnta unake
Page #49
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 yahAM hai| isa eka svabhAva ekAnta se vastu meM artha kriyAkAraka kA abhAva hotA hai| arthakriyA kAraka ke abhAva meM vastutva kA hI abhAva hotA hai| dhyAna dIjie- loka meM aisA koI dravya nahIM hai, jo mAtra eka svabhAvI hI ho athavA aneka svabhAvI hI ho, pratyeka dravya ubhayasvabhAvI haiN| (4) jaina darzana meM kathita AtmA aura jJAnAdi guNoM ke nizcayanayAtmaka advaita aura vedAnta ke brahmAdvaita meM AkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| vedAnta meM sat eka hI mAnA gayA hai aura vaha hai brhm| loka meM dRSTigocara jIva evaM jar3a padArtha rajju meM sarpa kI taraha adhyAsa mAtra hai| vedAnta ke anusAra AtmA (brahma-jIva) meM guNa-paryAyoM kA astitva mAnya nahIM hai, jabaki jainadarzana ke anusAra nizcayanaya se AtmA ke advaitatA kA kathana karane para bhI usameM gauNa rUpa se dravyagata dvaita kA bhI nirUpaNa rahatA hI hai| vedAnta kA advaitavAda aikAntika hai, jabaki jaina advaitavAda anaikAntika hai| yadyapi jainadarzana advaitavAdI (ekatattvavAdI) nahIM hai tathApi vaha advaitavAda (AtmavAda) kA samarthaka bhI hai| tabhI to ekatva, vibhakta, advaitabhAva kI prazaMsA karate hue AcAryazrI kahate haiM- 'advaita kA Ananda hI kucha aura hai, use dvaita meM lIna kyA samajha paayegaa|.... ekAnta sthAna ho, advaita bhAva ho, vahA~ bhAvAtIta kI anubhUtiyA~ prAraMbha ho jAtI haiN| isake pUrva unhoMne kahA hai- "advaita bhAva parabhAva se bhinna rahatA hai, advaita bhAva anya se atyantAbhAva hai, advaita kI sAdhanA hI zreSTha sAdhanA hai, dvaita sAdhanA hai (vaha) sAdhanA kA kAraNa hai, parantu kAryabhUta sAdhanA advaita hI hai| yogIzvara dvaita se advaita kI ora rata rahate haiN| 'dvaitabhAva prAraMbha avasthA meM to upodaya hai, parantu parama upAdeyabhUta advaitabhAva para bhI dRSTi jAnA caahie| jaba ve advaita kI prazaMsA karate haiM to aisA lagatA hai jaise koI vedAntI bola rahA ho| unake dvArA kI gaI prazaMsA se koI advaita ekAnta kA grahaNa na karale, ataeva ve spaSTa karate haiM ki- 'aho yogIzvaro! advaita sAdhanA hI zreyamArga hai| yahA~ advaita prayojana advaita ekAnta kI siddhi nahIM samajhanA, na anya kA abhaav| zUnya advaita se bhinna advaita kI bAta kaha rahA huuN| jagat ke ananta padArthoM kI sattA meM ekamAtra lakSya nija Atma padArtha ko rkhnaa| ...ekamAtra svadravya kA bhAva rakhanA, para vikalpoM se zUnya ho jAnA advaitabhAva hai| yaha advaita ArAdhanA hI nizcaya cAritra hai| (5) vedAnta meM AtmA ko sarvathA amUrtika mAnane kA ekAnta hai, jabaki jaina dArzanika use kathaMcit amUrtika aura kathaMcit mUrtika bhI mAnate haiN| AcAryazrI svarUpa saMbodhana parizIlana meM AtmA ke sarvathA amUrtikapane kA niSedha karate hue use sApekSa dRSTi se mUrtika bhI svIkArate haiN| ve kahate haiM- 'mUrtika bhI hai AtmA, amUrtika bhI hai aatmaa| sparza rasa-gaMdha -varNa nizcayanaya se AtmA meM nahIM pAye jAte haiM, isalie AtmA amUrtika svabhAvI hai, parantu bandha kI apekSA se vyavahAra naya se AtmA mUrtika bhI hai, yaha anekAnta hai| dUsarI bAta yahA~ yaha bhI samajhanA ki jJAna sAkAra hotA hai, jJAna mUrtika hone se AtmA mUrtika hai tathA
Page #50
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 pudgalabhUta mUrta dharma rahita hone se amUrtika hai|13 (6) AtmA ke Ayatanika rUpa ke viSaya meM bhI vedAnta evaM jaina darzana meM paryApta antara hai| vedAntI jIva (AtmA) ko sarvagata mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina dArzanika use vyavahAra naya se svadehapramANa aura nizcaya naya se loka pramANa mAnate haiN| AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI ne svarUpa saMbodhana ke paMcama zloka 'svadehapramitazcAyaM' ke parizIlana meM vedAntiyoM kI AtmaviSayaka sarvagatatA kI aikAntika vedAntI mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue jJAna kI apekSA usakI sarvagatatA kI mAnyatA kA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM- 'yaha AtmA vyavahAra naya kI apekSA loka-aloka ko jAnatA hai aura zarIra meM rahane para bhI nizcaya naya se apane svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| isa kAraNa jJAna kI apekSA to vyavahAra naya se sarvagata hai, pradezoM kI apekSA sarvagata nahI hai| para jaise- vedAntI AtmA ko pradezoM kI apekSA se vyApaka mAnate haiM, vaisA nhiiN| jJAnAtmaka dRSTi se AtmA sarvagata hai| isa viSaya meM bhagavan kundakundadeva ne pravacanasAra meM kahA hai AdA NANapamANaM NANaM nneyppmaannmuddittuN| NeyaM loyAloyaM tamhA NANaM tu svvgy||24|| jJAnatattvAdhikAra (parizIlana pRSTha 63) __ jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kI sarvagatatA kA sarvathA niSedha nahIM hai, parantu aikAntika ise nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| eka hI dravya meM do viparIta dharma dekhe jAte haiN| AcArya zrI likhate haiM- 'kucalA nAmaka auSadhi viSa hai, sIdhe sevana kI jAye to mRtyu kA kAraNa hai aura use saMskArita kara sevana kiyA jAye to vaha roga nivAraNa kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai|14 (7) jaina darzana meM jIva ko svadeha pramANa mAnA gayA hai, kintu jIva kI svadehapramANatA bhI aikAntika nahIM hai| isa saMdarbha meM AcAryazrI svayaM eka prazna uThAkara spaSTa karate haiM'jIva svadeha pramANa kisa nimitta se hai? samAdhAna hai- 'asamuhado' samudghAta ke na hone se arthAt vedanA, kaSAya, vikriyA, mAraNAntika, taijasa, AhAraka aura kevalI nAmaka jo sAta samudghAta haiM, inake hone para jIva svadehapramANa nahIM hotA, asamudghAta avasthA meM jIva svadeha pramANa rahatA hai| (8) advaita vedAntI pratyeka padArtha kI utpatti brahma se mAnate haiM tathA jIva mAtra ko brahma kA aMza svIkArate haiN| jaina darzana meM pratyeka jIva (AtmA) kI svataMtra sattA svIkAra karatA hai| AcAryazrI vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja vedAntiyoM ke mata kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie kahate haiM ki-'ekamAtra jIvadravya eka caitanyasvabhAvI hai, anya dravyoM se jIva dravya kA atyantAbhAva hai| pratyeka jIva kA anya jIva kI apekSA se bhI atyantAbhAva hai| pratyeka jIva svacatuSTaya meM hai, paracatuSTaya meM nahIM hai| na mAtA-pitA kA aMza putra hai, jagat ke ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka ke kisI bhI jIva meM Izvara kA aMza bhI nahIM hai, jo Izvara kA aMza svIkAratA hai, vaha pratyeka jIva kI svataMtra sattA ke jJAna se anabhijJa hai|' AcAryazrI tarka prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki- "aho! 'eka mAMhi aneka rAjata' sUtra kA smaraNa kro| jaba siddha bhagavAn eka meM aneka virAjate haiM taba bhI ve zuddha siddha
Page #51
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 51 bhagavAn kabhI bhI pararUpa nahIM hote, ve svacatuSTaya meM hI virAjate haiN| phira bhinna-bhinna dehoM meM rahane vAle jagat prANI eka Izvara aMza kisI bhI avasthA meM nahIM ho sakate haiN| na pitA kI AtmA putra meM ho sakatI hai, aise hI putra pitA kA aMza nahIM hai, donoM hI svataMtra jIvadravya haiN| 16 isa prakAra vedAntaviSayaka mAnyatAoM kA jainadarzanAnusAra pratipAdana evaM nirasana karake AcAryazrI ne satyArtha AgamaprarUpaNA kI hai| anta meM unhIM ke kathana se maiM Alekha ko samApta karatA hU~ ki 'satyArtha Agama prarUpaka kI durgati nahIM ho sakatI tathA viparIta kathana karane vAle kI durgati hI hotI hai| aba nirNaya svayaM dIjie ki kyA karanA hai? mUlAcAra jI meM guru ke pratikUla calane vAle kI asamAdhi likhI hai, phira jo jinadeva ke pratikUla caleM, unakI samAdhi kaisI? samAdhi ke abhAva meM sugati kaisI? 17 saMdarbhaH 1. vedAntasAra 2. bhAratIya darzana vedAnta meM bauddha sandarbha, purovAk 4. brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASya 5. svarUpasaMbodhana parizIlana, pRSTha 85 6. vahI, pRSTha 67 7. vahI, pRSTha 75 8. vahI, pRSTha 76 9. vahI, pRSTha 70 10. vahI, pRSTha 168-169 11. vahI, pRSTha 212 12. vahI, pRSTha 212 13. vahI, pRSTha 86 14. vahI, pRSTha 69 15. vahI, pRSTha 65 16. vahI, pRSTha 155 17. vahI, pRSTha 105 - esosieTa prophesara-saMskRta vibhAga esa. DI. (pI.jI.) kAleja mujaphpharanagara (u0pra0)
Page #52
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina dharmaH karuNA kI eka ajasra dhArA zrI sumata prasAda jaina jaina dharma meM tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha SoDazakAraNa rUpa atyanta vizuddha bhAvanAoM dvArA utpanna hotA hai| Atmonnayana kI carama sImA taka pahuMcAne meM sahAyaka solaha bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM- (1) darzana vizuddhatA (2) vinaya saMpanntA (3) zIlavratoM meM niraticAratA (4) chaha AvazyakoM meM aparihInatA (5) kSaNalavapratibodhanatA (6) labdhisaMvegasaMpannatA (7) yathAzakti tapa (8) sAdhuoM ko prAsuka parityAgatA (9) sAdhuoM ko samAdhisaMdhAraNA (10) sAdhuoM kI vaiyAvRtyayogayuktatA (11) arahaMtabhakti (12) bahuzrutabhakti (13) pravacana bhakti (14) pravacanavatsalatA (15) pravacanaprabhAvanA (16) abhIkSNa jnyaanopyogyukttaa| parama ciMtaka gustava rotha ke anusAra zvetAmbara saMpradAya meM tIrthakara prakRti ke arjana hetu bIsa bhAvanAoM kA prAvadhAna kiyA gayA hai|' isa prakAra ke zubha pariNAma kevala manuSya bhava meM, aura vaha bhI kevala kisI tIrthakara yA kevalI ke pAdamUla meM honA saMbhava haiN| mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI gopInAtha kavirAja ke anusAra 'jainamata meM bhI kevalajJAna sabhI ko prApta ho sakatA hai, kintu tIrthakaratva saba ke lie nahIM hai| tIrthakara guru tathA daizika hai| isa pada para vyakti vizeSa hI jA sakate haiM, saba nhiiN| tIrthakaratva trayodaza guNasthAna meM prakaTa hotA hai, parantu siddhAvasthA kI prApti caturdaza bhUmi meM hotI hai| saMsAra sAgara ko svayaM evaM dUsaroM ko pAra karAne kI utkaTa bhAvanA vAle divya puruSa hI tIrthaMkara rUpa meM sampUjita hote haiN| zrI kAkAsAhaba kAlelakara kI dRSTi meM 'tIrthakara kA artha hai, svayaM tarakara asaMkhya jIvoM ko bhava sAgara se taarnevaalaa| tIrtha yAnI mArga batAne vaalaa| jo sacchAstrarUpI mArga taiyAra karane vAlA hai, vaha tIrthakara hai| ataH tIrthaMkaroM kI divyadhvani meM bhI karuNA kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai| prathamAnuyoga ke dharmagraMthoM meM zreNika rAjA dvArA dhyAna saMbandhI praznoM kA uttara dete hue mahAmuni zrI gautama gaNadhara dvArA raudradhyAna ke saMbandha meM jo sarasvatI prakaTa huI hai vaha isa prakAra hai: "jo puruSa prANiyoM ko rulAtA hai vaha rudra, krUra athavA saba jIvoM meM nirdaya kahalAtA hai| raudra dhyAna ke bhedoM meM hiMsAdanda ke svarUpa kA vivecana karate hue yogIndra ziromaNi zrI gautama gaNadhara jI kahate haiM, "mArane aura bAMdhane Adi kI icchA rakhanA, aMgopAMgoM ko chedanA, saMtApa denA tathA kaThora daNDa denA Adi ko vidvAn loga hiMsAnanda nAmaka ArtadhyAna kahate haiN| jIvoM para dayA na karane vAlA hiMsaka puruSa hiMsAnanda nAma ke raudra dhyAna ko dhAraNa kara pahale svayaM kA ghAta karatA hai aura tatpazcAt bhAvanAvaza vaha anya jIvoM kA ghAta kara bhI sakatA hai athavA nahIM bhii| arthAt anya jIvoM kA mArA jAnA unake Ayu karma ke adhIna hai parantu mArane kA saMkalpa karane vAlA hiMsaka puruSa tIvra kaSAya utpanna hone se
Page #53
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 apanI AtmA kI hiMsA avazya kara letA hai| ataH jainadharma meM bhAvoM ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai| hiMsA ke aparAdha meM zArIrika rUpa se lipta na hone para bhI bhAva hiMsA ke kAraNa manuSya kA patana ho jAtA hai| zArIrika zakti evaM sAmarthya ke abhAva meM bhI paraduHkhakAtaratA kA bhAva Atma-vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotA __ karuNA ke dArzanika pakSa ko yadi hama isa samaya gauNa karake bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI aura samakAlIna bhArata kI sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM Arthika sthiti kA aitihAsika vizleSaNa kareM to yaha nizcita rUpa se siddha ho jAyegA ki tatkAlIna samAja meM hiMsA kA bolabAlA thaa| svarga prApti ke lie yajJazAlAoM meM mUka prANiyoM kI bali, vyakti-vyakti meM dharma ke nAma para bheda kI dRSTi, pAMDitya pradarzana aura AbhijAtya hitoM kI saMrakSA ke lie lokabhASAoM kI upekSA, asamartha evaM sAdhanahIna puruSa evaM nArI kI samAjavyApI vivazatA evaM dAsatA ityAdi hiMsA ke vikarAla rUpoM kI chaviyA~ hI to thiiN| ataH isa prakAra ke vAtAvaraNa meM hiMsA kA mAnasika rUpa se virodha karane vAle svara uThane svAbhAvika the| yaha usa kAla ke lie gaurava kA viSaya hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM cetanA kA maMtra phUMkane ke lie aise mahAprANa dharma puruSoM kA janma huA jo Izvara ke astitva ko na mAnakara karma phala ke mahattva ko svIkAra karate the| mAnava samAja kI unnati ke lie vAstava meM eka aise AcArazAstra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai jo azubha karma kA azubha, zubha karma kA zubha aura vyAmizra kA vyAmizra phala athavA pariNAma ko svIkAra karatA ho| ataH usa samAja meM karuNA ke svastha darzana kA vikasita honA samaya kI anivAryatA thii| bauddhadharma meM saptavidha anuttara-pUjA dvArA bodhicitta kI mahAn upalabdhi ke uparAMta pUjaka kI icchA hotI hai ki vaha samasta prANiyoM ke sarva du:khoM kA prazamana karane meM sahAyaka ho| sAdhaka kI bhaktipUrvaka prArthanA ke svara isa prakAra haiM, "he bhagavan! jo vyAdhi se pIr3ita haiM, unake lie maiM usa samaya taka auSadhi, cikitsaka aura paricAraka hoU~, jaba taka vyAdhi kI nivRtti na ho, maiM kSudhA aura pipAsA kI vyathA kA anna-jala kI varSA se nivAraNa karU~ aura durbhikSAntara kalpa meM jaba annapAna ke abhAva se prANiyoM kA eka dUsare kA mAMsa aura asthi-bhakSaNa hI AhAra ho, usa samaya maiM unake lie pAna-bhojana bnuuN| daridra logoM kA maiM akSaya dhana houuN| jisa padArtha kI vaha abhilASA kareM, usI padArtha ko lekara maiM unake sammukha upasthita hoU~' karuNA se mAnavamana ko dravita kara dene vAlI isI prakAra kI anubhUtiyoM se ahiMsA ke darzana kA vikAsa huaa| isa vikAsa kI carama pariNati jaina dharma meM huii| zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke zabdoM meM, "jainoM kI ahiMsA bilkula nissIma hai| svayaM hiMsA karanA, dUsaroM se hiMsA karavAnA yA anya kisI bhI taraha se hiMsA ke kAma meM yoga denA, jaina dharma meM saba kI manAhI hai| aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki jaina saMpradAya kevala zArIrika ahiMsA ko hI mahattva nahIM detA, pratyut usake darzana meM bauddhika ahiMsA kA bhI mahattva hai| jaina mahAtmA aura ciMtaka sacce arthoM meM manasA, vAcA, karmaNA ahiMsA kA pAlana karanA cAhate the| ataeva unhoMne apane darzana ko syAdvAdI athavA
Page #54
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 54 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 anekAntavAdI banA diyaa| jaina zAstrakAroM ne pRthvI, agni, jala evaM vAyu meM bhI jIva tattva kI parikalpanA kI aura apanI sadaya dRSTi ke kAraNa isa prakAra ke prAvadhAna kie jisase unakA avarodha na ho| zrI eca. jI. raoNlinasana ne jaina AcArAMga sUtra meM pRthvI, agni, jala evaM vAyu kAyika jIvoM meM jIvana ke astitva ke darzana kie| ata: vizvavyApI jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie jainAcAryoM ke mana meM komala anubhUtiyoM kA honA Avazyaka thaa| isIlie unhoMne samasta jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie maMgala upadeza diyA hai| zrI atIndranAtha bosa ne suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn jaikobI ko AdhAra mAnakara yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki sarvaprathama bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ne hI per3a-paudhoM evaM pazu-pakSiyoM ke jIvana kI surakSA ke lie vizeSa AjJA prasArita kI thii|' bhagavAn buddha evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna jagat meM eka vaijJAnika krAnti kA sUtrapAta huA aura samAja meM hiMsAparaka anuSThAnoM evaM mAMsAhAra ko burI nigAha se dekhA jAne lgaa| bhAratIya Ayurveda evaM cikitsAlaya ke vikAsa ne dharmAnurAgI samAja ko manuSya jAti ke sAtha-sAtha pazu-pakSiyoM ke lie bhI auSadhAlaya evaM aspatAloM ko kholane kI preraNA dii| paM. javAharalAla neharU ke anusAra "IsA se kabla kI tIsarI yA cauthI sadI meM jAnavaroM ke aspatAla bhI the| vaha zAyada jainiyoM aura bauddhoM ke majahaboM ke asara se bane the, jinameM ki ahiMsA para jora diyA gayA hai| bauddha evaM jaina dharma se preraNA grahaNa kara priyadarzI samrATa azoka ne isa prakAra kI gatividhiyoM ko rAjakIya saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyaa| dharmapriya samrATa azoka ne apane eka Adeza meM kahA hai:- 'agara koI unake sAtha burAI karatA hai, to use bhI priyadarzI samrAT jahAM taka hogA sahana kreNge| apane rAjya ke vana ke nivAsiyoM para bhI priyadarzI samrAT kI kRpA-dRSTi hai aura vaha cAhate haiM ki ye loga ThIka vicAra vAle baneM, kyoMki agara aisA ve na kareM to priyadarzI samrATa ko pazcAttApa hogaa| kyoMki parama pavitra mahArAja cAhate haiM ki jIvadhArI mAtra kI rakSA ho aura unheM AtmasaMyama, mana kI zAMti aura Ananda prApta ho||| kaliMga-vijaya ke uparAnta pazcAttApa ke kSaNoM meM azoka kisI ko bhI baMdI rUpa meM dekhanA pasanda nahIM kara sakate the| ataH lokopakAra ke kArya meM saMlagna usa mahAn samrATa ne sthAna-sthAna para manuSyoM evaM pazuoM ke aspatAla khulavAkara rAjya kI nIti meM karuNA ke dharma ko sAkAra kara diyaa| isa saMbandha meM giranAra kA zilAlekha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai:- "rAjAno sarvatra devAnAMpriyasa priyadasino rAjo dve cikIchA katA- manusacikIchA ca pasucikIchA ca ausuDhAni ca yAni manusopagAni ca yata yata nAsti sarvatrA hArApitAni ca ropaapitaani|' arthAt devAnAMpriya priyadarzI rAjA ne do prakAra kI cikitsA kI- manuSya cikitsA aura pazu cikitsaa| manuSyoM aura pazuoM ke upayoga ke lie jahAM-jahAM auSadhi yA~ nahIM thIM, vahAM saba jagaha se lAyI gaI aura boI giiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra evaM bhagavAn buddha dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA aura karuNA kA darzana apanI saMvedanazIlatA evaM vaicArika pRSThabhUmi ke kAraNa tatkAlIna videzI ciMtakoM evaM manISiyoM meM bhI lokapriya ho gayA thaa| suprasiddha gaNitajJa pAithAgorasa jIvahiMsA kA prabala virodhI
Page #55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 55 thaa| pro. ela. sI. jaina gaNita itihAsa kA viziSTa anveSaNa karate hue isa saMbandha meM kucha rocaka jAnakAriyAM prastuta kI haiM jo isa prakAra haiM: (1) aisA pratIta hotA hai ki IsA se (prAya: 582-500 varSa) misra meM prabala svecchA se rahate hue pAithAgorasa ne jinake saMsarga meM svayaM ko vibhinna vijJAnoM se (a lot of knowledge without intellect) paricita kiyA thA, unake mizana kA prabhAva unake naitika jIvana meM pazu ke prati (mukti hetu), vizuddha dayA kI chApa chor3a baiThA thA: "But this crazy crank Pythagorus had made quite a fuss when he saw one of the prominent citizens taking a stick to his dog. "Stop beating that dog! he had shouted like a madman. "In his howls of pain I recognise the voice of a friend who died in Memphis twelve years ago. For a sin such as you are committing he is now the dog of a harsh master. By the next turn of the Wheel of Birth, he may be the master and you the dog. May he be more merciful to you than you are to him. Only thus can he escape the Wheel. In the name of Apollo my father, stop, or I shall be compelled to lay on you the tenfold curse of the tetractys." (2) isa caducaMkamaNa (tetractys), caturgati baMdhana (svastika prarUpaNA) se vimukti hetu pAithAgorasa aura Age bar3hakara hare paudhoM ke prati bhI mamatA pradarzita karatA hai: ___"Than, too, there was all this talk about what he ate, or rather about what he would not eat. What could the man possibly have against beans? They were a staple of everyon's diet; and here was Pythagorus rufusing to touch them because they might harbour the souls of his dead friends.... He had even deterred a cow from trampling a patch of beans by whispering some magic word in its ear." isI prakAra, (ekeMdriya jIva, bAloM se nirmita) UnI kapar3oM se saMbandhita abhyukti nimna prakAra hai "He also tells that the Pythagoreans did not bury their dead in woollen clothing. This looks more like religious rutual than like mathematics. The Pythagoreans, who were held up to ridicule on the stage, were presented as superstitious, as filthy vegetarians, but not as mathematicians". (3) punaH, mAMsa-bhakSaNa niSedha kI zailI meM AtmA kI niyata saMkhyA ke rUpa meM gaNita kA praveza hai: "The thought of all the souls they might have left shivering in the void by devouring their own goats and swine made the good Samians extremely unhappy. A few weeks more of these upsetting suggestions and they would all be strict vegetarians- except for beans. Equally upsetting was the ghastly thought that some of their own children might be malicious little monsters with no souls to restrain their bestial
Page #56
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 56 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 instincts. For Pythagorus had assured them that the total number of souls in the universe is constant". prAcIna mizra meM nimnakoTi ke jIvoM ke prati dayA, mAMsabhakSaNa niSedha evaM brahmacarya pUjA kA ullekha Arcavizapa hvetalI ne isa prakAra kiyA hai "In Egypt there are hospitals for superannuated cats and the most loathsome insects are regarded with tenderness;.....," "Chastity, abstinence from animal food, ablutions, long and mysterious ceremonies of preparations of initiation, were the most prominent features of worship........." zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke anusAra islAmI rahasyaNada (tasavvupha) ke pramukha untrayaka santa abulaalA alamaArI (1507 I.) bhI inhIM prabhAva kSetroM ke kAraNa zAkAhArI thaa| vaha dUdha, madhu aura camar3e kA prayoga nahIM karatA thaa| pazu-pakSiyoM ke lie usake hRdaya meM asIma samveraNA evaM anukampA kA bhAva thaa| vaha naitika niyaMtroM kA sabhala pracAraka thaa| vaha svayaM bhI brahmacarya evaM tapasviyoM ke AcaraNazAstra kA pAlana karatA thaa| zrI kanhaiyAlAla mANikalAla muMzI ke kathanAnusAra paramaarhat ke virada se vibhUSita evaM caudaha hajAra eka sau cAlIsa maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAne vAle samrAT kumArapAla ne jainAcArya zrI hemacandra kI maMtraNA para rAjya meM pazu hatyA para roka lagavA dI thii| DaoN. mohanacanda ke anusAra samrAT kumArapAla ne eka ardhamRta bakare ke kAruNika dRzya ko dekhakara apane rAjya meM kisI bhI pazu ko coTa pahuMcAne para roka lagavA dI thii| unhoMne 1160 I. meM eka vizeSa AjJA nikAlakara 14 varSoM ke lie rAjya meM pazu-bali, murgoM athavA anya pazu-pakSiyoM kI lar3AI evaM kabUtaroM kI daur3a para pratibaMdha lagavA diyaa| rAjya meM koI bhI vyakti, cAhe vaha janma se kitanA bhI hIna kyoM na ho, vaha apanI jIvikA ke lie kisI bhI prakAra ke prANI kI hatyA nahIM kara sakatA thaa| isa prakAra kI rAjAjJA se prabhAvita hone vAle kasAiyoM kI jIvikA kI kSatipUrti ke lie rAjyakoSa se tIna varSoM ke lie dhana dene kA bhI vizeSa prabandha kiyA gayA jisase unakI hiMsaka Adata chUTa jaae| bhArata meM sarvadharma sadbhAva ke vAstavika pratinidhi mugala samrATa akabara kI dayA to vAstava meM nissIma evaM anukaraNIya hai| apanI sahaja udAratA se 'dIne ilAhI' ko prANavAn kara dharmajJa akabara vizva sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke unnAyaka mahApuruSoM kI zreNI meM virAjamAna ho gayA hai| usakI prAraMbhika avasthA meM jaina vidvAn upAdhyAya padmasundara jI aura tatpazcAt munizrI harivijaya jI kA saMsarga mila gayA thaa| uparokta saMsargo aura gahana ciMtana ne akabara ko vaicArika rUpa meM anekAntavAdI banA diyA thaa| janazrutiyoM meM to akabara para jaina samrATa hone kA bhI Aropa lagAyA jAtA hai| zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ne eka rocaka lokakathA kA ullekha karate hue 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya' meM yaha jAnakArI dI hai ki narahari nAmaka hindI kavi ne gauoM kI ora se nimnalikhita chappaya akabara ko sunAyA thA:
Page #57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 arihuM danta tRna dharai tAhi mArata na sabala koii| hama santata tRna carahiM vacana uccarahiM dIna hoii| amRta chIra nita sravahiM baccha mahi thambhana jaavhiN| hinduhiM madhura na dehiM kaTuka turUkahiM na piyaavhiN| kaha kavi 'narahari' akabara suno, vinavata gau jore krn| aparAdha kauna mohi mAriyata, muyahu cAma sevahiM crn| gauoM kI prArthanA se dravita hokara samrATa akabara ne apane rAjya ke bahusaMkhyaka nAgarikoM kI dhArmika mAnyatA ko samAdara dekara karuNA ke darzana ko mukharita kiyA thaa| zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke anusAra dharma akabara kI rAjanIti kA sAdhana nahIM thA, pratyut yaha usakI AtmA kI anubhUti thii| abula phajala aura badAyUnI ke vivaraNoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki akabara sUphiyoM kI taraha kabhI-kabhI samAdhi meM A jAtA thA aura kabhI-kabhI sahaja jJAna ke dvArA vaha mUla satya ke Amane-sAmane bhI pahuMca jAtA thaa| eka bAra vaha zikAra meM gyaa| usa dina aisA huA ki ghere meM bahuta se jAnavara eka sAtha par3a gae aura ve saba mAra DAle gye| akabara hiMsA ke isa dRzya ko saha nahIM skaa| usake aMga-aMga kAMpane lage aura turanta use eka prakAra kI samAdhi ho aaii| isa samAdhi se uThate hI usane AjJA nikAlI ki zikAra karanA baMda kiyA jaae| phira usane bhikhamaMgoM ko bhIkha dI, apanA mAthA muMDavAyA aura dhArmika bhAvanA ke isa jAgaraNa kI smRti meM eka bhavana kA zilAnyAsa kiyaa| jaMgala ke jIvoM ne apanI vANIvihIna vANI meM use dharma kA rahasya batalAyA aura akabara kI jAgaruka AtmA ne use pahacAna liyaa| yaha spaSTa hI, upaniSadoM aura jaina dharma kI zikSA kA prabhAva thaa| jaina saMtoM kI dharmadezanA se prabhAvita hokara usane mAMsAhAra kA tyAga kara diyA aura itihAsajJa zrI Dablyu kukI ke anusAra to samrATa akabara ne jainadharma ke mahAparva paryuSaNa ke 12 dinoM meM apane rAjya meM pazu-hatyA ko bhI banda karavA diyA thaa| isI gauravazAlI paraMparA meM usake uttarAdhikArI samrAT jahAMgIra ke pharamAna dRSTigocara hote haiN| rAjadhAnI ke zrI digambara jaina bar3A maMdira jI kUcA seTha meM mugala zahaMzAha jahAMgIra ke zAhI pharamAna 26 pharavarI san 1605 I. kI nakala ke anusAra samrATa ne jaina dharma ke mukaddaza ibAdatI mAha bhAdoM ke bArA mukaddaza aiyyAma ke daurAna maveziyoM aura parindoM ko jabaha karanA banda kiyaa| pharamAna meM Adeza kiyA gayA hai "hamArI saltanata ke mumAlika maharUsA ke jumalA hukkAma, nAjimAna jAgIradArAna ko vAjeha ho phatUhAte dInavI ke sAtha hamArA dilImanazA khudAye bara tara kI jumalA makhalUka kI khuzanavUdo hAsila karanA hai| Aja Ida ke maukA para mA badaulata ko kucha jaina (hinduoM) kI tarapha se istedA peza kI gaI hai ki mAha bhAdoM ke mauke para una ke bArA mukaddaza aiyyAma meM jAnavaroM ko mAranA banda kiyA jaaye| hama majahabI umUra meM hara majahaba va millata ke agarAja va makAsada kI takamIla meM hI eka kI hausalA aphajAI karanA cAhate haiM, balke hara jo rUha ko eka jaisA khuza rakhanA cAhate haiN| isaliye yaha darakhAsta
Page #58
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 58 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 maMjUra karate hue hama hukma dete haiM ki bhAdoM ke ina bArA majahabI aiyyAma meM jo (jaina hinduoM) ke mukaddaza aura ibAdatI aiyyAma hai| inameM kisI kisma kI kurabAnI yA kisI bhI jAnavara ko halAka karane kI mumAniyata hogii| aura isa hukma kI tAmIla na karane vAlA mujarima tasavvara hogaa| yaha pharamAna davAmI tasavvara ho dastakhata mubArikA, zahaMzAha jahA~gIra (muhara ) " vAstava meM jahAMgIra eka rahamadila iMsAna thaa| usako prakRti ke vividha rUpoM se gaharA pyAra thaa| ataH usake darabAra meM kalAkAroM ne apanI komala tUlikA se bAdazAha ko priya puSpoM, pazu-pakSiyoM ke citra bahulatA se citraNa kie haiN| maMsUra ne to caupAyoM aura pakSiyoM ke citrAMkana meM hI apanI kalA ko samarpita kara diyA thaa| jahAMgIrakAlIna 'murge kA citra' jo Aja kalakatte kI ArTagailarI kI zobhA hai, ke sauMdarya ko to Aja taka koI bhI citrakAra mUrta rUpa nahIM de pAyA hai| bAdazAha akabara kI udAra nIti zAhajahA~ ke rAjyakAla ke pUrvArdha taka puSpita hotI rahI hai| pUrtagAlI yAtrI sevAzciyana mAnadika ke yAtrA vivaraNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki zAhajahA~ ke muslima aphasaroM ne eka musalamAna kA dAhinA hAtha isalie kATa DAlA thA ki usane do mora -pakSiyoM kA zikAra kiyA thA aura bAdazAha kI AjJA thI ki jina jIvoM kA vadha karane se hinduoM ko Thesa pahuMcatI hai, unakA vadha nahIM kiyA jaae| 7 prAyaH yaha dhAraNA ho gaI hai ki karuNA kI vANI ko rUpAyita karane vAle isa prakAra ke aspatAla musalamAna zAsakoM ke samaya meM samApta ho gae the| kintu samaya-samaya para bhArata meM bhramaNa ke nimitta padhArane vAle paryaTakoM ke vivaraNoM ne isa dhAraNA ko khaMDita kara diyA hai| suprasiddha purtagAlI yAtrI DyUre bAravosA (jo 1515 I. meM gujarAta meM AyA thA), ne jaina ahiMsA ke svarUpa para bArIkI se prakAza DAlate hue isa satya kI sampuSTi kI hai ki jaina dharmAnuyAyI mRtyu taka kI sthiti meM abhakSya (mA~sa ityAdi) kA sevana nahIM karate the| usane jainiyoM kI ImAnadArI kA ullekha karate hue kahA ki ve kisI bhI jIva kI hatyA ko dekhanA taka pasanda nahIM krte| usane rAjya dvArA mRtyudaNDa prApta hue aparAdhiyoM ko bhI jainasamAja dvArA bacAne ke prayAsoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usane jaina samAja kI pazu-pakSiyoM (yahAM taka ki hAniprada jAnavaroM) kI sevA kA ullekha evaM unake dvArA nirmita aspatAloM aura unakI vyavasthA kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai|" suprasiddha paryaTaka pITara muMDe ne bhI apane yUropa evaM eziyA ke bhramaNa (1608-1667) meM pazu-pakSI cikitsAlayoM ko dekhA thaa| kaimve meM usane rugNa pakSiyoM ke lie jainoM dvArA banAe gae aspatAla kA vivaraNa sunA thaa| usake yAtrA vRttAMtoM meM aneka paryaTakoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha hai jinhoMne gujarAta meM jainoM dvArA samarpita aspatAloM (jinheM 'piMjarApola' kahA jAtA hai) kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa|" ela. rUjalaiTa ne bhI apanI perisa se prakAzita pustaka meM jainoM kI pazu-saMpadA ke prati udAra dRSTi kA ullekha karate hue bambaI evaM sUrata meM jaina samAja dvArA prerita evaM saMcAlita pazu-pakSI cikitsAlayoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 20 zrI Ara kasTa", robarTa niyama kasTa eDalI thiyoDora besTaramaina aura aranesTa kreva zrI Ara. pI. rasela aura zrI hIrAlAla, viliyama kruka, eDavarDa koMje ", o. TI. ,
Page #59
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 beTenI, zrI e. ela. khAna, je. vilasana ityAdi sabhI vidvAnoM ne jaina samAja kI dArzanika, aitihAsika, sAhityika evaM anya mahattvapUrNa upalabdhiyoM para prakAza DAlate hue jainadharma kI sarvapramukha viziSTatA pazu-pakSiyoM ke prati apratima anurAga evaM karuNa bhAva kI bhUri-bhUri sarAhanA kI hai| jainiyoM ke ahiMsAtmaka dRSkioNa, mAnavajAti ke prati unakI naiSThika sevA evaM pazu-pakSiyoM para amAnavIya vyavahAra ke prati usakI satata jAgarukatA kI bhI sabhI ne sarAhanA kI hai| itihAsa ke lambe saphara meM jaina samAja ne prAyaH paitRka saMskAroM ke kAraNa bhojana ke viSaya meM kabhI bhI koI samajhautA nahIM kiyA hai| isIlie suprasiddha samAjazAstrI zrI esa. TI. mosIsa ne apane uttarI, dakSiNI ArkaTa evaM dakSiNI kanArA ke sarvekSaNa ke uparAMta yaha niSkarSa nikAlA thA ki vahAM kA jaina samAja machalI, mAMsa aura mAMsa se bane hue kisI bhI padArtha kA sevana nahIM karatA hai| uparyukta mUlyAMkana kSetra vizeSa meM hI nahIM, apitu saMpUrNa bhArata meM inhIM satyoM kI sthApanA kara sakatA hai| suprasiddha itihAsa manISI zrI vI. e. smitha ne jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke ahiMsAparaka AcAraNa ko vizeSa mahattva diyA hai| ata: karuNA kI AdhArabhUmi para khar3A huA yaha samAja ahiMsA ke tAttvika vivecana ke kAraNa zAkAhArI hai| Aja vizva meM pazu-pakSiyoM kI hatyA ke virodha evaM zAkAhAra ke samarthana meM vAtAvaraNa bana rahA hai| bauddhadharma evaM jainadharma ke Aloka se prakAzita hokara mAnanIya zrI ela. eca. eMDarasana (1894 I.) ne mUka pazu-pakSiyoM kI hatyA ko rukavAne ke lie zikAgo meM kisa prakAra se pazuoM kA katla kiyA jAtA hai isaviSaya para bhASaNa kiyA thaa| unhoMne vahAM ke samAja ke viveka ko jhakajhorate hue pazu-pakSiyoM kI hatyA na kie jAne kI vizeSa prArthanA kI thii| unake svara meM aneka zaktizAlI svaroM ne yoga dekara karuNA kI paraMparA ko Age bar3hAyA hai| bIsavIM zatAbdI ke yugapuruSa mahAtmA gA~dhI ne apane videza pravAsa se pUrva eka jaina santa kI prareNA se tIna niyama vrata rUpa meM aMgIkAra kie the| lokakalyANa ke vaha maMgala niyama the- madya, mAMsa aura parastrI ke saMsarga se bacakara rhnaa| inhIM niyamoM ke pAlana hetu unhoMne aneka prakAra ke prayoga kie aura pAzcAtya zAkAhAriyoM ke tarkoM se prabhAvita hokara unhoMne dUdha kA bhI tyAga kara diyaa| dUdha kA tyAga karate samaya unakI dRSTi meM yaha tathya bhI nihita thA ki bhArata meM jisa hiMsaka DhaMga se puza-pAlana evaM dUdha utpAdana kiyA jAtA hai vaha eka saMvedanazIla suhRdaya manuSya ke lie sarvathA asahya thaa| kher3A-satyAgraha meM durbalatA se atyadhika prabhAvita ho jAne para bhI cikitsakoM, paricitajanoM ke asaMkhya anurodhoM aura rASTra sevA ke saMkalpa ko sAkAra rUpa dene kI bhAvanA se hI unhoMne bakarI kA dUdha lenA svIkAra kara liyA thaa| isa saMdarbha meM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki dUdha chor3ane kA niyama lete samaya unakI dRSTi meM bakarI kA dUdha tyAjya zreNI meM nahIM thaa| gauvaMza kI nirmama hatyA ke viruddha unhoMne zaktizAlI svara utthaaye| gAya meM mUrtimaMta karuNAmayI kavitA ke darzana karate hue unhoMne use sArI mUka sRSTi ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM hI mAnyatA de dI thii| unakI saMvedanA meM sajIva prANiyoM ke atirikta dharatI kI kokha
Page #60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 se utpanna hone vAlI vanaspitayA~ bhI rahI haiN| sevAgrAma Azrama meM saMtaroM ke bagIce meM paraMparAnusAra phala Ane ke avasara para miThAsa ityAdi ke lie pAnI banda kara dene kI kRSi paddhati thii| gAMdhI jI ko isase marmAntaka pIr3A huI aura unhoMne AzramavAsiyoM se kahA yadi mujhe koI pAnI bagaira rakhe aura pyAsa se merI mRtyu ho to tumheM kaisA lgegaa| 'yathA piNDe tathA brahmANDe' yaha sadA yAda rkho| bhAratavarSa kA jaina samAja una sabhI ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJa hai| rAjadhAnI meM mugaloM kI sattA ke pramukha kendra lAlakile kI parde vAlI dIvAra ke ThIka sAmane 'parindoM kA aspatAla' jainadharma kI sahasrAbdiyoM kI paraMparA ko sthApita kie hue hai| isa dharmArtha cikitsAlaya kI parikalpanA 1924 I. meM kucha dharmAnurAgI zrAvakoM ne kI thii| vartamAna meM digambaratva ko sArthaka rUpa evaM zakti pradAna karane meM agraNI paramapUjya AcArya ziromaNi cAritra cakravartI sva. zrI zrI zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja kI dharmadezanA se prabhAvita hokara isa cikitsAlaya kA zubhAraMbha zramaNa saMskRti ke prabhAvazAlI kendra zrI lAla maMdira jI (cAMdanI cauka) meM ho gyaa| aspatAla kI upayogitA ko anubhava karate hue dharmadhvajA karuNA evaM maitrI kI jIvanta mUrti paramapUjya AcAryaratna dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM bhArata sarakAra ke kendrIya gRhamaMtrI lauhapuruSa zrI govindavallabha panta ne 24 navambara, 1957 ko aspatAla ke nae bhavana kA udghATana kiyA thaa| rAjadhAnI ke jaina samAja ke yuvA kAryakartA zrI vinayakumAra jaina kI lagana se aspatAla meM tIsarI aura cauthI maMjila ko paramapUjya AryikAratna zrI jJAnamatI mAtA jI ke sAnnidhya meM nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| pichale varSa isa aspatAla kA kucha vikAsa huA hai jisake kAraNa deza-videzoM meM isakI lokapriyatA bar3hI hai aura dharma ke mizana ke prati vizvavyApI sadbhAvanAe~ prApta ho rahI haiN| vAstava meM pazu-pakSI cikitsAlaya kisI bhI dharma kA vyAvahArika maMdira hai| isa prakAra ke maMdira dharma ke svarUpa ko vAstavika vANI dete haiN| jainavidyAvizeSajJa DA. mohanacaMda ne 26 disambara 1982 ko aspatAla kI sujhAva pustikA meM apanI sammati dete hue likhA hai:- "saMsAra meM apanI bhUkha ko zAMta karane ke lie jo pakSiyoM ko apanA AhAra banAte haiM, aise loga, kAza! isa aspatAla ko dekha leM to zAyada unheM upadeza dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'egii|" jainadharma ke Adya tIrthaMkara zrI RSabhadeva se lekara Ajataka karuNA kI jo ajasra dhArA mAnava mana ko apUrva zAnti evaM sukha kA saMdeza de rahI hai usa sAttvika bhAva ko vizvavyApI banAne ke lie jaina samAja ko saMkalpa ke sAtha racanAtmaka rUpa denA caahie| vizva kI saMhAraka zaktiyoM meM sadAzayatA kA bhAva bharane ke lie karuNA ke mAnavIya evaM hRdayasparzI citroM kA prastutIkaraNa honA Avazyaka hai| Aja kA vizva bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI, bhagavAn buddha evaM rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI kI vANI ko sAkAra rUpa meM dekhanA cAhatA hai| ataH sahasrAbdiyoM se karuNA evaM ahiMsA ke pratinidhi jaina samAja ko kucha isa prakAra ke vaicArika kAryakrama banAne cAhie jisase Aja kI prajJAvAn pIr3hI ko sahI dizA mila ske| kyA jaina samAja Aja kI paristhitiyoM meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ojasvI vyaktitva
Page #61
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 61 se preraNA grahaNa kara, hiMsA ke viruddha anekAntavAda kA amogha zastra lekara vaicArika AMdolana karane kI sthiti meM hai? vaise Aja isa AMdolana kI vizeSa AvazyakatA hai| dekheM, karuNA ke darzana ko sAkAra rUpa dene ke lie isa bAra kauna AtA hai? saMdarbha: 1. Gustav Roth "The Terminology of the Karana sequence" (Pr. & Tr. A. I. O. Con. 18th Sess. 1955. Annamalainagar, 1958). pp. 250-259 2. AcArya narendra deva, 'bauddha-dharma-darzana', bhUmikA, pR. 15-16 3. kAkA sAhaba kAlekara, 'jIvana kA kAvya', pR. saM. 22 prANinAM rodanAd rudraH krUraH sattveSu nighRnnH| AdipurANa, ekaviMzaH parvaH, pR.saM. 478 padya saM.42 prkRsstttrdurleshyaatryopoblbRNhitm| antarmuhUrtakAlotthaM pUrvavadbhAva issyte|| vdhbndhaabhisNdhaanmNgcchedoptaapne| daNDapAruSyamityAdi hiMsAnandaH smRto budhaiH|| hiMsAnandaM samAdhAya hiMsraH prANiSu nighRnnH| hinastyAtmAnameva prAk pazcAd hatyAnna vA praan|| (AdipurANa, ekaviMzaH parvaH, pR.saM. 479 padya saM. 44-46) 6. AcArya narendra deva, 'bauddha-dharma-darzana', pR. 188 7. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya', pR. 113 8. H.G. Rawlinson- "India- a short cultural History, London, 1937. P.43. 9. Atindra Nath Bose- 'Social and Rural Economy in Northern India, 600 B.C.to 209 A.D. Calcutta, 1942. P84. 10. paM. javAharalAla neharU, 'hindustAna kI kahAnI', pR. 132 11. paM. javAharalAla neharU, 'hindustAna kI kahAnI', pR. 154 12. giranAra kA zilAlekha, le. saM.2, paMkti 4-6 13. K.M. Munshi- 'The Glory That Was Gurjaradesa'. Part III. The Imperial Gurjaras. Bombay, 1944 P. 191-192. 14. Dr. Mohan Chand,- Syainika Sastram (The art of hunting in ancient India) Intro. Pp.23. 15. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya', pR. 307 16. W. Crooke 'An Introduction of the Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India Allahabad, 1894. P. 338. 17. zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara, 'saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya', pR. 309 18. (a) M.S.Commissariat- 'A History of Gujrat', Vol.1. Calcutta. 1938. p. 255. (b) Mansel Lognworth Dames- The Bookof Durate Barbosa', Translated from the portuguese by M. L. Dames. Vol.1, London, 1918 (The Hakluyt Soci ety, Second Series, No.44). P. 110. n.2. 19. Richard Cannac Temple- "The Travels of Peter Munday in Europe and Asia, 1608 1667', Edited by R. C. Temple. Vol. II: Travels in Asia, 1628-1634. London, 1914 (The Hakluyt Society, second Series, No.35). 20. L. Rousselet-"L'Inde des Rajahs'- Paris, 1875. P. 17-18 21. R. Cust - 'Les 'Les religions et les langues de l'Inde', Paris. 1880 pp. 47-48 22. Robert Needham Cust- 'Linguistic and Oriental Essays written from the year
Page #62
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 62 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 1847 to 1887' Second Series, London, 1887. P. 67-68. 23. Edly Theodore Besterman, Ernest Crawby- 'Studies of Savages and Sexs'. London 1929. P. 170. 24. R. V. Rusell and HiraLal The tribes and castes of the central provinces of India', London 1916 Vol.I, P. 219-231. 25. William Crooke- 'Religion and Folklore of Northern India'. Oxford, 1926. P. 349. 26. Edward Conze- 'Buddhism: its Essence and Developments'. Oxford (2nd edi.) 1953. P. 61-62. 27. O. T. Bettany - The world's Inhabitants or Mankinds, Animals and Plants'. New York, 1988. P.307. 28. A. L. Khan- 'A short History of India'. ( hindu period), 1926. P. 22 29. J. Wilson- Final report on the Revision of Settelment of the Sirsa District in the Punjab (Lahore), 1979-83. P. 101. 30. S. T. Moses- 'Fish and Religion in South India'. (QJMS, XIII, 1923, pp. 549-554). P.550-551. 31. (a) V. A. Smith- "The Buddhist Emperor of India'- Oxford, 1909 (2nd Edi.) P. 58 (b) V. A. Smith- 'Ashoka'. Third Edi. Oxford, 1920. P. 58. 32. L. H. Anderson- 'Spirit of the Buddhists and the Jainas Regarding Animal Life Dawning in America' - How Animals are slaughtered in Chicago. (Jbts. II. 1984, Appendix 4). -jaina kemisTa, 1619, darIbAkalAM, dillI- 110006 svabhAvo duratikramaH paNa muha paryADa abhavyo sudu vi AyaNNiUNa jiNadhammaM guDa duddhaM pi pitA Na paNNavA NivvisA hoti // 138 // -aSTapAhuDa abhavya jIva kA svabhAva batAte hue AcArya kundakunda svAmI likhate haiM ki- jo abhavya jIva hotA hai vaha kabhI bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA hai, usako kitanA bhI jinavANI kA zravaNa karAyA jAya parantu usake svabhAva meM koI parivartana nahIM AtA hai| jisa prakAra sarpa ko gur3a sahita madhura dUdha bhI pilAyA jAya taba bhI vaha viSa rahita nahIM ho pAtA hai| kahA bhI hai " svabhAvo duratikramaH" /
Page #63
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSNupurANa meM jainadharma - DaoN. ramezacanda jaina viSNupurANa ke anusAra dhruva kI saMtAna paraMparA meM aMga nAmaka rAjA kA sunIthA rAnI se vena nAmaka putra huaa|' sunIthA mRtyu kI putrI thii| vaha vena jaba rAjapada para abhiSikta huA to usane vizvabhara meM ghoSita kara diyA ki maiM hI bhagavAn huuN| yajJapuruSa aura yajJa kA bhoktA evaM svAmI maiM hI hU~, isalie aba kabhI koI manuSya dAna aura yajJAdi na kre| brahmA, viSNu, zambhu, indra, vAyu, yama, sUrya, agni, varuNa, dhAtA, pUSA, pRthvI aura candramA athavA anya jo bhI devatA yA anugrahakArI haiM, una sabhI kA nivAsa rAjA meM hone ke kAraNa rAjA sarvadevamaya hotA hai| he dvijo! yaha jAnakara mere odaza kA pAlana kro| kisI ko bhI dAna, yajJa, havanAdi nahIM karanA caahie| he brAhmaNa! jaise strI kA paramadharma patisevA hai, vaise hI ApakA paramadharma merI AjJA kA pAlana hai| RSiyoM ne kahA- he rAjan! ApakA Adeza aisA honA cAhie, jisase dharma kA nAza na ho| yaha saMpUrNa vizva havi se hI utpanna huA hai| jaba maharSiyoM ke punaH punaH samajhAne para bhI vena na mAnA to atyanta krodhapUrvaka ve kahane lage ki isa pApAtmA ko mAra ddaalo| jo anAdi-ananta viSNu kA niMdaka hai, vaha AcaraNa hIna puruSa rAjA nahIM hai| yaha kahakara una maharSiyoM ne prabhuniMdA ke kAraNa pahale se hI mRta hue usa rAjA kA maMtrapUta kuzoM ke AghAta se vadha kara diyaa| maharSiyoM ne sarvatra bar3I dhUla ur3atI dekhakara apane pAsa khar3e logoM se pUchA ki yaha kyA hai? taba unhoMne uttara diyA ki isa samaya rASTra rAjA rahita ho gayA hai isalie dIna duHkhI manuSyoM ne dhanavAnoM ko lUTanA AraMbha kara diyA hai| una atyanta vegavAn luTeroM se hI yaha dhUla ur3a rahI hai| taba una maharSiyoM ne parAmarza kara usa putrahIna rAjA vena kI jA~gha ko putra prApti ke lie mthaa| usake mathe jAne se jale hue lUMTha ke samAna kAle varNa kA atyanta nATA aura choTe mukha kA eka puruSa prakaTa huaa| usane atyanta AturatA pUrvaka una RSiyoM se pUchA ki maiM kyA karU~? taba una RSiyoM ne 'niSIdaM' arthAt 'baiTho' kahA isalie vaha Age calakara niSAda kahA gyaa| usake vaMzaja vindhyAcala meM rahane vAle, pApakarmoM meM rata niSAda hue| usI niSAda rUpa dvAra ke mArga se rAjA vena kA pApa nikala gayA, isa prakAra niSAda rAjA vena ke pApoM ko naSTa karane vAle ho ge| RSiyoM ne rAjA vena ke dAyeM hAtha ko mthaa| usase pRthu utpanna huaa| saba prANI usake utpanna hone se prasanna hue| satputra kI utpatti se vena bhI svarga gyaa| uparyukta varNana se yaha bAta dyotita hotI hai ki vena yajJIya kriyAkANDa tathA viSNubhakti kA ghora virodhI thaa| vaha jIva svAtantrya meM vizvAsa karatA thA aura dravya dRSTi se jIvAtmA ko paramAtmA mAnatA thA ataH usane svayaM ko prabhu ghoSita kiyA tathA yajJapuruSa bhI svayaM ko maanaa| jainadharma jIvAtmA ko Izvara yA prabhu mAnatA hai| karmabandhana ke kAraNa
Page #64
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 vaha saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahA hai| pUjya kSullaka manohara lAla varNI ne kahA hai maiM vaha hU~ jo haiM bhagavAn jo maiM hU~ vaha haiM bhgvaan| antara yahI UparI jAna ve virAga yahA~ rAga vitaan| mama svarUpa hai siddha samAna amitazakti sukha jJAna nidhaan| kintu Azavaza khoyA jJAna banA bhikhArI nipaTa ajnyaan|| -AtmakIrtana kAlA aura nATA hone ke kAraNa RSiyoM ne venaputra ko garhita batalAyA aura usakI saMtAna paraMparA vindhyAcala vAsI ho gyii| usa niSAda nAmaka putra ne bhI vedaparaMparA ko nahIM mAnA hogA na viSNu ko Izvara mAnA hogA ataH vaha aura usake vaMzaja vindhyAcala meM rahane ko vivaza hue| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki niSAda jAti bhI vedabAhya thI aura vaidiketara dharma kA pAlana karatI thI, ataH RSiyoM ne unheM pApakarmarata maanaa| bhinna dharmoM ke lie isa prakAra ke vizeSaNa denA koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| viSNupurANa se yaha bhI dyotita hotA hai ki pRthu RSiyoM ke anukUla siddha huA ataH brAhmaNoM ne usake vedabAhya yajJaniMdaka pitA ko bhI svarga pahuMcA diyaa| jaina paraMparA meM jinendra bhagavAn ko yajJapuruSa ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA hai AlambanAnivividhAnyavalambya vlgn| bhUtArtha yajJapuruSasya karomi yjny|| jainadharma viSNu ko yajJapuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| ina saba tathyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki vena, usakA putra niSAda tathA usake vaMzaja vaidika dharmAnuyAyI na hokara jainadharmI yA zramaNadharmI the| ve brAhmaNoM ko dAnAdi nahIM karate the| viSNu purANa meM svAyambhuva manu ke putra priyavrata, priyavrata ke AgnIdhra, AgnIdhra ke nAbhi aura nAbhi ke putra RSabha ke hone kA varNana hai| yahA~ unakI mA~ kA nAma merudevI kahA gayA hai| vaidika paraMparA unheM yajJapraNetA mAnatI hai kintu yahA~ yajJa se tAtparya hiMsAtmaka yajJa se kadApi nahIM hai| zramaNa paraMparA RSabhadeva ko prathama tIrthakara mAnatI hai| viSNupurANa RSabhadeva kA varNana kiJcit bhinna rUpa meM karatA hai| RSabhadeva ke sau putra hue, jinameM bharata sabase bar3e the| mahAbhAga rAjA RSabhadeva dharmapUrvaka rAjya calAte hue aneka yajJoM kA anuSThAna kara anta meM bharata ko rAjya dekara tapa karane ke lie pulahAzrama meM ge| una rAjA ne vAnaprastha pUrvaka dRr3ha tapa kiyaa| tapa se ve atyanta kRza ho ge| anta meM nagnAvasthA meM apane mukha meM patthara kI vATikA rakhakara jIvana tyAga diyaa| RSabhadeva ne vanagamana karate samaya apanA rAjya bharata ko diyA, tabhI se yaha himavarSa bhAratavarSa kahA jAne lgaa| bharata ke sumati nAmaka atyanta dhArmika putra huaa| bharata ne yajJa karate hue icchAnurUpa rAjya bhogakara apane putra sumati ko rAjya de diyaa| putra ko rAjya dekara bharata yogAbhyAsaparAyaNa hue aura una muni ne zAlagrAma kSetra meM apane prANa tyAga die| agale janma meM ve yogiyoM ke pavitra kula meM utpanna hue|"
Page #65
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 viSNupurANa meM nagna puruSa (digambara muni) kA eka bhinna prakAra se citraNa kiyA hai| Rk, sAma aura yajuH yaha vedatrayI vargoM ke AcaraNa rUpa haiN| mohavaza ise tyAgane vAlA pApI puruSa hI nagna kahalAtA hai| saba dharmoM kA AcaraNa vedatrayI hI hai, usakA tyAga kara dene para hI puruSa nagnasaMjJaka hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki nagna digambara muni vedatrayI ko nahIM mAnate the| eka bAra sau divya varSoM taka devatAoM aura daityoM meM saMgrAma huaa| usameM daityoM ne devatAoM ko harA diyaa| devatAoM kI prArthanA para viSNu prakaTa hue| devatAoM ne apane zarIra se mAyAmoha utpanna kiyaa| mAyAmoha ne dekhA ki mahAn asura narmadA taTa para tapa meM rata hai| taba usa mayUra paMkha dhAraNa karane vAle nagna evaM mur3e hue bAla vAle mAyAmoha ne una asuroM se mIThe vacanoM meM kahA, ki tuma laukika phala kI kAmanA se tapa karate ho yA pAralaukika phala pAnA cAhate ho? asuroM ne kahA ki pAralaukika phala kI prApti ke lie hama tapa kara rahe haiN| mAyAmoha ne kahA ki mere kahe anusAra tapa kro| aisA kaha kara unheM vaidika mArga se haTA diyaa| mAyAmoha ne sat-asat, mokSakAraka-mokSabAdhaka, paramArtha-aparamArtha karttavya-akarttavya, vastrahInoM kA dharma-vastradhAriyoM kA dharma ityAdi batalAkara daityoM ko dharmavimukha kara diyaa| ve daitya usa dharma ko mAnane vAle hone se Arhat kahe jAne lge| unhoMne trayIdharma kI bAta hI chor3a dii| una daityoM meM se koI vedoM kI, koI yajJAnuSThAna kI, koI brAhmaNoM kI niMdA karane lgaa| unhoMne paraspara meM kahA ki hiMsA meM dharma kahanA ayukta hai agni meM havi jhoMkane se phala kI prApti hogI, yaha bhI ajJAniyoM kI hI bAta hai| aneka yajJoM ke dvArA devatva ko prApta hokara bhI indra ko zamI Adi kASTha hI khAnA par3atA hai to usase patrabhakSI pazu hI uttama hai| yadi yajJa meM bali hone vAle pazu ko svarga milatA hai to yajamAna apane pitA kA balidAna karake hI use svarga kyoM nahIM prApta karA detA hai? yadi kisI aura ke bhojana karane se koI tRpta ho sakatA hai to bhojana sAmagrI sAtha le jAne kA parizrama hI kyoM kiyA jAya? putragaNa ghara para hI zrAddhakara use tRpta kara diyA kreN| isa prakAra ke vAkyoM se daitya trayIdharma se vimukha ho ge|" Age kahA gayA hai ki vedatrayI ko chor3ane se dUSita hue ina nagnapuruSoM ke sAtha sambhASaNa aura sparzAdi kA bhI tyAga karanA caahie||2 isa prakaraNa se nimnalikhita tathya dyotita hote haiM1. viSNu vedavidyA kA upadeza dekara daityoM ko apane mArga se cyuta hone ko vivaza nahIM kara ske| 2. daityoM meM saMbhavataH digambara muni ke prati AdarabhAva thaa| ataH viSNu ne mAyAmoha ke rUpa meM nagna digambara rUpa bnaayaa| 3. nagna digambara rUpa meM viSNu ne daityoM ko vedatrayI se haTane kA upadeza diyaa| 4. digambara sAdhu usa samaya mayUrapicchI apane sAtha rakhate the| ata: mAyAmoha bhI piccha-dhArI huaa|
Page #66
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 5. usa samaya nagna sAdhuoM kA dharma Arhat dharma ke rUpa meM vizruta thaa| 6. Arhat dharmI havana, brAhmaNabhoja, zrAddha, hiMsAtmaka yajJa Adi nahIM mAnate the| 7. vaidika dharmI Arhat dharmiyoM ke prati mana meM ghRNAbhAva dhAraNa karate the| viSNupurANa meM unheM pAkhaNDI kahakara unakA kutsitayoniyoM meM janma batalAkara unake prati jugapsA vyakta kI gaI hai| isa hetu viSNupurANa ke tRtIya aMza kA aThArahavA~ adhyAya dRSTavya hai| viSNupurANa ne jainadharma ko vikRta rUpa meM varNita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu ina varNanoM se bhI aneka satya aura tathya ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| isase Arhat paraMparA kI prAcInatA para bhI prakAza par3atA hai| viSNupurANakAra RSabhadeva ko yajJakartA mAnakara bhI unake nagna (digambara) rUpa ko chipA nahIM ske| saMdarbha: 1. viSNupurANa 13/1-7 2. vahI 13/11 3. vahI 13/13-14 4. vahI 13/21-22 5. vahI 13/23-29 6. viSNupurANa) 13/30-37 7. viSNupurANa 2/1/1-2 8. viSNupurANa 2/1/28-35 9. vahI 3/17/5-6 10. vahI 3/18/1-12 11. vahI 3/18/23-31 12. tasmAdetAnnaro ngnaaNstryiisntyaagduussitaan| sarvadA varjayetprAjJa aalaapsprshnaadissu|| viSNupurANa / / 3/18/50 13. vahI 3/18/56 14. vahI 3/18/69 - bijanaura (uttarapradeza)
Page #67
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pUjA meM maMtroM kI upAdeyatA - DaoN. narendra kumAra jaina jaina paramparA meM zrAvaka aura zramaNa ye zabda saMjJAe~ tIrthakaroM dvArA praNIta dharma kA AcaraNa karane ke kAraNa sArthaka haiN| dAna evaM pUjA zrAvakadharma haiM aura dhyAna tathA adhyayana zramaNa dharma haiN| SaDAvazyakoM meM bhI zrAvakoM ke lie pUjana Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai| AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra dAna, pUjA, zIla aura upavAsa zrAvakadharma mAne gaye haiN| AcAryoM ne likhA hai ki jo jIva bhakti se jinendra bhagavAn kA na darzana karate haiM, na pUjana karate haiM, unakA jIvana niSphala hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne batAyA hai ki icchita phala pradAna karane vAle tathA kAma bANa ko dhvasta karane vAle jinendra bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM pUjana karanA samasta du:khoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai| dravya pUjA aura bhAvapUjA ye do pUjA ke prakAra haiN| dravyapUjA bhAvapUrvaka hI phala pradAna karatI hai| pUjA kI maMtroM ke sAtha anvaya vyApti hai| jahA~-jahA~ pUjA hogI, vahAM vahAM maMtra avazya hoNge| parantu yaha jarUrI nahIM hai ki maMtra jahA~ hoM, vahA~ pUjA bhI avazya ho| binA dravya ke bhI pUjana ho sakatI hai, parantu maMtroM ke binA pUjA saMbhava nahIM hai| dravya pUjA meM jo bhI dravya arpaNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI maMtrita hotA hai, akelA dravya arpaNa pUjA nahIM kahalA sktaa| anyathA dukAnadAra maMdira meM kviTaloM dravya pahu~cAtA hai, jisase pUjA kA sabhI phala usI ke khAte meM calA jAye, parantu aisA nahIM hotaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba bhAvapUrvaka maMtrAzrita pUjA hogI taba usakA phala bhI avazya prApta hogaa| yaha saMbhava hai ki paristhiti bhinnatA ke kAraNa pUjakoM ke phala prApti meM bhinnatA ho sakatI hai tathA bhAvoM kI sthiti ke anusAra phala bhI tAtkAlika athavA kAlAntarabhAvI ho sakatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki pUjA kA phala prApta avazya hogaa| pUjA meM prayukta maMtroM meM akSara-zabdAtmaka maMtroM ko citrita kiyA jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa hI ve maMtra kahalAte haiN| maMtra, yaMtra aura taMtra tInoM hI paudgalika haiM, parantu ve cetana ke bhAvoM ke sahakAra se kAryakArI banate haiN| yahA~ yaha sadaiva smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki pUjA meM paMcaparameSThI kA Azraya lekara hI sAmAnya maMtroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA parama lakSya una jaise banane ke lie mokSamArga hI hotA hai| pUjA meM prayukta hone vAle anya vizeSa maMtra mokSamArga prApta karAne vAle maMtroM ke sahayogI mAtra haiN| bhAva sahita maMtroM se yukta pUjA se pUjaka kI asaMkhyAta guNI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI rahatI hai| yAga, yajJa, kratu, saparyA, ijyA, adhvara, makha aura maha ye pUjA ke paryAya haiN|' pUjA cAra prakAra kI mAnI gayI hai- sadArcana (nityamaha), caturmukha, (sarvatobhadra), kalpadruma aura assttaahnik| isake atirikta eka aindradhvaja mahAyajJa bhI hai, jise indra kiyA karatA hai| nikSepoM kI apekSA bhI pUjA ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| samAdhizataka meM nizcaya pUjA kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM nitya, naimittika aura kAmya ke rUpa meM tIna
Page #68
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 68 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 prakAra kI pUjAoM ke ullekha haiN| maMtroM se yukta sabhI pUjAeM abhiSeka-prazAla, AhnAna, sthApana aura sannidhikaraNa pUrvaka aSTa dravyoM-jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura phala se bhAva sahita karane para asIma phala ko pradAna karatI haiN| maMtroM ke binA pUjana ke lie eka kadama bhI nahIM bar3hAyA jA sakatA hai| abhiSeka ke pUrva kI jAne vAlI jalazuddhi, amRta snAna, digbandhana, pariNAmazuddhi, tilaka, rakSA bandhana, yajJopavIta, rakSA, zAnti, dIpa sthApana, siddhayaMtra sthApana Adi samasta kriyAe~ maMtroccAraNapUrvaka hI pUrNa hotI haiN| abhiSeka meM pratyeka kalaza kI jaladhArA maMtrapUrvaka chor3I jAne para phalavatI hotI hai| zAntidhArA meM laukika evaM pAralaukika samasta duHkhoM ke nivAraNArthaM tathA vizva, deza, samAja aura samasta prANiyoM ke kalyANArtha maMtroM ke mAdhyama se bhAvanAeM sampreSita kI jAtI haiN| pUjA kA prAraMbha mahAmaMtra 'navakAra' se hotA hai| jitane bhI maMtra haiM, sabhI maMtra NamokAra maMtra se nikale haiN| dvAdazAMga jinavANI kA sAra bhI yahI hai / samasta zrutajJAna kI akSarasaMkhyA isameM nihita hai| jainadarzana ke tattva, padArtha, dravya, guNa, paryAya, naya, nikSepa, Azrava, bandha Adi isa maMtra meM vidyamAna haiN| samasta maMtroM kI mUlabhUta mAtRkAeM isa mahAmaMtra meM antarnihita haiN|' 'a' se 'kSa' paryanta mAtRkA varNa kahe jAte haiN|" inakA sRSTikrama, sthitikrama aura saMhArakrama rUpa se tIna prakAra kA krama hai| saMhArakrama se karma vinAza tathA sRSTi aura sthiti krama se AtmAnubhUti ke sAtha laukika abhyudayoM kI prApti meM nimitta haiN| maMtra bIjoM kI niSpatti bIja aura zakti ke saMyoga se hotI hai| 'ka' se 'ha' taka vyaMjana varNa bIja kahalAte haiM aura a, A, i Adi svara zakti svarUpa mAne gaye haiN|" jina maMtroM meM bIja aura zakti ke saMyoga rUpa jo varNa hote haiN| unameM una varNoM kI dhvaniyoM kI zakti ke anusAra zakti hotI hai| prAcya aura pAzcAtya sabhI vidvAn yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki zraddhA aura vizvAsapUrvaka maMtroccAra avazya hI phala pradAna karate haiN| vastutaH vizvAsa AdhyAtmika jIvana kA AdhAra hai| vizvAsa ke binA anantapatha siddhatva kI ora agrasara nahIM huA jA sktaa| zraddhA se samyak dRSTi prApta hotI hai| jJAna kA dvAra zraddhA se hI khulatA hai| zraddhA aura vizvAsa paraspara anyonyAzrita haiN| maMtroM ke mUla meM bhI zraddhA aura vizvAsa pramukha haiN| inake hone para hI dhyAna kI sthiti bana sakatI hai aura maMtroM se phala kI prApti ho sakatI hai| paM. daulatarAma jI ne mokSamahala para car3hane ke lie zraddhA ko prathama sIr3hI kahA hai| jaba taka mukti ke samIpa nahIM pahu~ca jAte taba taka vItarAgI devoM ke maMtroM kA zraddhA se smaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki unhIM maMtroM ke ciMtana aura manana se karmoM kA nAza saMbhava hai| sabhI maMtroM meM NamokAra maMtra anAdi hai| isI maMtra se sabhI maMtra prasUta haiN| pUjA ke prAraMbha meM na kevala NamokAra maMtra kI ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai, balki anivArya rUpa se pUjA ke Avazyaka aMga ke rUpa meM usakA guNagAna, mahattva evaM upayogitA nimna prakAra se batAyI jAtI hai- 'jo manuSya pavitra yA apavitra yahAM taka ki susthita yA dusthita bhI namaskAra maMtra kA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha sabhI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| vaha aMtaraMga aura bahiraMga se pavitra ho jAtA hai| navakAra maMtra ajeya hai, sabhI bighnoM tathA pApoM kA vinAza
Page #69
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 karane vAlA hai aura sabhI maMgaloM meM prathama maMgala hai| 'arham' ye akSara paramabrahma, parameSThI ke vAcaka haiM aura siddha samUha ke bIjAkSara haiN| maMgala svasti vAcana ke pazcAt aSTadravya se pUjana kI jAtI hai| jisameM sarvaprathama maMtroccAraNa pUrvaka zrAvaka pIle cAvaloM se ThaunA para vItarAga jinabiMba ke samakSa jinendra bhagavAn kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai aura mana, vacana, kAya kI ekAgratA ke lie usI Thone para sthApanA karatA hai| vaidika paraMparA meM ise nyAsa kahA gayA hai| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki jisa taraha pUjya pavitra hai, usI taraha pavitra hone kI bhAvanA utpanna ho jAye, sannidhikaraNa meM pUjaka apane bhAvoM ko jinadeva kI taraha banAne kA prayatna karatA hai| tadanantara pUjaka aSTadravyoM ke mAdhyama se janma-jarA,mutyu, saMsAratApa, kAmatApa, kSudhAroga, mohAndhakAra aura aSTakarma ke rUpa meM jo saMsAra meM duHkha ke kAraNabhUta mokSamArga meM bAdhakatattva haiM, unake nivAraNArtha saMgItamaya bhakti ke rasa meM tallIna hokara maMtra par3hate hue sthApita jinabiMba ke samakSa jala, candana, akSata Adi dravyoM ko car3hAtA hai| anta meM phala car3hAkara mokSaphala prApti kI kAmanA karatA hai| isa taraha pUjana meM maMtroM kI aparihArya mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| ___ maMtroM ke viSaya meM aneka bhrAMtiyA~ zrAvakoM meM pracalita haiN| jisake nirAkaraNa ke lie maMtra kA artha jAnanA nitAMta Avazyaka hai| 'maMtra zabda 'man' dhAtu-divAdi jJAne se niSpanna hai| isameM 'STran'- tra-pratyaya saMyukta kara banAyA jAtA hai| vyutpattiparaka isakA artha hotA hai'manyate jAyate AtmAdezo'nena iti maMtraH' arthAt jisake dvArA AtmA kA Adeza-nijAnubhAva jAnA jAye, vaha maMtra hai| dUsarI taraha se tanAdigaNIya 'man' dhAtu se 'tanAdi avabodhe' meM 'STran' pratyaya lagAkara maMtra zabda banatA hai| isakI vyutpatti ke anusAra 'manyate vicAryate AtmAdezo yena saH maMtraH' arthAt jisake dvArA AtmAdeza para vicAra kiyA jAye, vaha maMtra hai| tIsare prakAra se sammAnArthaka 'man' dhAtu se 'STran' pratyaya karane para maMtra zabda banatA hai| isakI vyutpatti 'manyate satkriyante paramapade sthitAH AtmAnaH vA yakSAdizAsanadevatA anena iti maMtraH' arthAt jisake dvArA paramapada meM sthita paJca ucca AtmAoM kA athavA yakSAdi zAsana devoM kA satkAra kiyA jAye, vaha maMtra hai| 'mananAt maMtraH' bhI maMtra zabda kI vyutpatti kI jAtI hai arthAt manana ke kAraNa hI maMtra kahA jAtA hai| manana se vyakti kI UrjA kI zakti adhyAtma kI ora bar3hatI hai| maMtroM ke prabhAva ke lie unakA pravAha sAtatika honA Avazyaka hai| 'maMtra' zabda kA artha kucha vidvAn gupta, parAmarza bhI karate haiN| unake anusAra guru se prApta maMtra ko anuSThAna pUrvaka savidhi purazcaraNa karake use siddha kiyA jAtA hai| taba hI usakA pUrNa lAbha prApta hotA hai| vidhipUrvaka zraddhAbhakti se kiye gaye maMtrajApa se jIva kI pramukha cetanA jAgRta hotI hai| sarala bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'jisa zabda samUha kA kisI alaukika siddhi ke lie prayoga kiyA jAye, vaha zabda yA zabdasamUha maMtra hotA hai| maMtroM kA vargIkaraNa mahApurANa ke AdhAra para 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' meM pUjAvidhAnAdi ke lie sAmAnya rUpa se jina maMtroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, unako agralikhitAnusAra vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai
Page #70
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 70 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 (1) bhUmi zuddhi viSayaka maMtra (2) bighna zAnti (3) bhUmi saMskAra (4) pIThikA maMtra (5) kAmya maMtra (6) jAti maMtra (7) nistAraka maMtra (8) RSi maMtra (9) surendra maMtra (10) paramarAjAdi maMtra (11) parameSThI mNtr| garbhAdhAnAdi kriyAoM ke lie garbhAdhAna kriyA, prIti kriyA, suprIti kriyA Adi solaha vizeSa maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usase Age kI kriyAoM ke maMtra zAstra paraMparA se samajha lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai|" ___mAtRkAoM se bane maMtra kI dhvaniyoM ke saMgharSa dvArA AdhyAtmika zakti ko uttejita kiyA jAtA hai| isa kArya ke lie vicAra zakti ke sAtha-sAtha utkRSTa icchA zakti ke dvArA dhvani saMcAlana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| pratyeka bIjAkSara, zakti bIja kI zakti svataMtra hai, jaise U~ praNava, dhruva, brahmabIja yA tejo bIja haiM, kSvI bhoga bIja hai, raM jvalana vAcaka hai aadi| vAMchita kArya kI siddhi ke lie AvazyakatAnusAra jina bIjAkSaroM ke saMyojana kI kalA jisake pAsa hotI hai vaha vaisA maMtra nirmANa karatA hai aura sAdhaka tanadusAra phala prApta karatA hai| yadi ina bIjAkSaroM ke saMyojana meM viparItatA A jAye, saMyojana vikRta ho jAyeM, AMzika saMyojana ThIka ho Adi ke rUpa meM sAdhita mantra viparIta-vikRta yA AMzika yA zUnya phala pradAna karate haiN| jaise-bijalI ke tAroM kA dhanAtmaka evaM RNAtmaka AvezoM meM judd'naa| yadi tAra ThIka se jur3e haiM, taba aMdhakAra dUra hokara prakAza ho jaayegaa| galata jur3ane para prakAza nahIM hogA, yaha bhI ho sakatA hai, Aga laga jaaye| isI taraha sAdhaka, usakI vicAra zakti, maMtra aura maMtra kI zakti alaga alaga sthitiyA~ haiN| vicAra zakti svica kA kArya karatI hai aura maMtra zakti vidyut pravAha kaa| jaina maMtroM ke itihAsa meM maMtroM kI viparItatA ke puSpadaMta, bhUtabalI Adi ke aneka udAharaNa dRSTavya haiN| ucita dizA meM saMyojita bIjAkSaroM-maMtroM kI sAdhanA suphala prApta karAtI hai| jaise- AcArya samantabhadra, AcArya mAnatuMga, AcArya akalaMka, bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra Adi kI maMtroM kI zakti se kauna paricita nahIM hai| kisI kA anartha karane ke lie kiyA gayA maMtra prayoga eka bAra saphala to ho jAtA hai, parantu usake bAda usa sAdhaka kI maMtra zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai evaM vaha durgati ko prApta hotA hai| jaise- dvIpAyana muni dvArA dvArakA kA dhn| ata: mAtRkA varNoM ke saMyojana-viyojana se prasUta bIjamaMtroM kI dhvaniyoM ke gharSaNa se tadanusAra zakti prasphuTita hotI hai| isa dRSTi se sukha, zAnti aura adhyAtma-zivapatha kI ora le jAne vAle maMtroM ke sAtha-sAtha zAstroM meM aise maMtroM kA bhI ullekha hai, jinakA saMbandha loka evaM bhautikatA se hai| jaise- stambhana, mohana, uccATana, vazyAkarSaNa, jRmbhaNa, vidveSaNa, mAraNa, zAktika, pauSTika Adi aneka maMtroM kI racanAeM huI haiN| maMtrazAstra para zramaNa paraMparA meM apekSita prAmANika sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai, jisake AdhAra para vizleSaNa pUrvaka prAmANika niSkarSa diye jA skeN| Agamika sAhitya meM dazaveM pUrva ke rUpa meM vidyAnuvAda pUrva graMtha kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| jisake jJAtA kevalI aura zrutakevalI hI mAne jAte haiN| usa graMtha meM 700 vidyAe~ aura 1200 laghu vidyAoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, parantu yaha graMtha anulabdha hai| AcArya dharasena maMtra, taMtra ke vizeSa jJAtA mAne jAte haiN| dhavalA TIkA meM unake dvArA maMtrazAstra para 'yoniprAbhRta' nAmaka graMtha likhe jAne kA
Page #71
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 71 ullekha prApta hotA hai| vartamAna meM maMtrazAstra para vidyAnuvAda-vidyAnuzAsana, mantrAnuzAsana Adi graMtha likhe gaye haiN| bhairava padmAvatI kalpa, sarasvatI kalpa, jvAlinI kalpa Adi aneka kalpagraMtha bhI race gaye haiM jinameM maMtroM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| bhaktAmarastotra viSayaka maMtra, kalyANamandirastotra ke maMtra, pArzvanAtha stotra ke maMtra, gaNadharavalaya, bhUvalaya, puNyAhavAcana, sakalIkaraNa Adi aura bhI maMtraviSayaka sAhitya upalabdha hotA hai| pUjaka kI yaha bhAvanA hotI hai ki vaha prabhu ko apanA yatheSTa padArtha samarpita kara lakSya ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai, parantu samasyA yaha hai ki vaha ho kaise, kisa mAdhyama se yaha kAryakArI bane? samIpastha upalabdha sabhI mAdhyamoM meM dhvani hI eka aisA mAdhyama hai, jisake spandana se uccAraNakartA ke bhAva kA tathA bhAvAntargata kriyA kA parivartana ho jAtA hai aura usase alaukika upalabdhi ke avarodha dUra hote haiM, jisase lakSya sugama hotA jAtA hai| isalie pUjaka ko cAhie ki vaha pUjana ko usa taraha hRdayaMgama kara bole ki maMtroccAraNa maMtradhvanipUrvaka samarpita kI jAne vAlI dravya ke pUrva vaha pAtratA ko prApta kara le| avagata ho ki dravya aura bolI jAne vAlI pUjA maMtra nahIM hai apitu maMtra ke prayoga ke pUrva kI taiyArI hai| sambandhita maMtra lakSyabhUta zakti se saMpanna mAtRkAoM se saMzliSTa piNDa hai, jisakI dhvani ke spandana ke mAdhyama se kriyAtmakatA utpanna hotI hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki pUjA meM maMtroM kI usI taraha upayogitA hai jisa taraha zarIra meM AtmA kii| maMtroM ke binA pUjA, pUjA nahIM kahI jA sktii| maMtroM se hI pUjA meM divyatA pragaTa hotI hai| maMtrAzrita pUjA ke mAdhyama se caitanya kI ora bar3hA jA sakatA hai| pUjA meM vItarAgI devoM ke Azrita maMtroM kI sAdhanA se sabhI laukika evaM pAralaukika kAryoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| pUjA meM prayukta maMtroM kI zakti acintya hai| pUjA meM hama bhaktivaza pravRttiparaka kucha bhI bola leM, parantu maMtroM ke mAdhyama se dravya kA samarpaNa alaukika upalabdhi ke lie hI hotA hai| zAstroM meM laukika upalabdhi ke lie maMtroM kA prayoga varjita mAnA gayA hai| pUjA bolate hue bhakta bhaTaka na jAye isalie pUjA ke mantra muktipatha kI ora bar3hane ke lie usameM saMkalpazakti ko jAgRta karate haiN| isa prakAra pUjA meM maMtroM kI atyadhika upayogitA hai| saMdarbha : 1. taM jahA dANaM pUyAzIlamuvavAso cedi cauvviho sAvaya dhmmo| -jayadhavalA, TIkA, 1.82 2. padmanandi paJcaviMzatikA, 6.15-16 3. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 119 mahApurANa, 67.193 vahI, 38.26 evaM sAgAradharmAmRta, 1.18, 2.25-29 Adi 6. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 381 7. sa0 za0 31 8. vedAntasAra, pRSTha 4 9. DaoN. ne. ca. zAstrI, maMgalamaMtra NamokAra eka anuciMtana Amukha, pRSTha 10 10. akArAdikSakArAntA varNAH proktAstu maatRkaaH|
Page #72
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 saSTi nyaassthitinyaassNhtinyaastaastridhaa|| jayasena pratiSThA pATha, 376 11. halo bIjAni coktAni svarAH zaktyaH iiritaaH| - vahI, 377 12. DaoN. ne. ca. zAstrI, maM0 Na eka anuciMtana, prastAvanA, pRSTha 18 13 chahaDhAlA, DhAla, 3/17 14. jJAnapITha-pUjAJjali, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, dasavAM saMskaraNa 1997, pRSTha,26 15. DaoN. ne. ca. zAstrI, maM. Na eka anuciMtana, Amukha, pRSTha, 9 16. kSullaka jainendra varNI, jainendra siddhAMta koza, bhAga-3, pRSTha 246 -esosieTa prophesara saMskRta II-e-78 neharUnagara, gAjiyAbAda (u0pra0) lakSmI kA upayoga jo vaDDhamANa lacchiM aNavarayaM dehi dhmmkjjes| so paMDiehiM thuvvadi tassa vi sahalA have lcchii||19|| -kArtikeyAnuprekSA arthAt jo vyakti puNya ke udaya se bar3hatI huI lakSmI kA sadupayoga dhArmika kAryoM jaise-pUjA-pratiSThA, tIrthayAtrA, pAtradAna, jJAnadAna aura paropakAra Adi meM karatA hai vaha vyakti paNDitoM ke dvArA bhI Adara ke yogya hotA hai| aisA karane se hI usakI lakSmI saphala hotI hai| anyathA puNya ke pratApa se prApta huI lakSmI azubha kAryoM meM laga jAne se pApa bandha meM kAraNa banatI hai| isI ko pApAnubandhI puNya kahate haiN| ataH puNya ke phala se puNya kA hI bandha ho to hI acchA hai| isako AcAryoM ne puNyAnubandhI puNya kahA hai jo vartamAna meM durlabha hai|
Page #73
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bharata cakravartI pravartita vidyAsaMskAra - pro. hIrAlAla pAMDe pA~ca mleccha khaMDoM evaM eka AryakhaNDa ko sATha hajAra varSoM meM jIta kara bharata ne SaTakhaMDoM kA eka chatra samrAT bana socA ki maiM paropakAra meM kisa prakAra apanI saMpadA kA sadupayoga karU~? anagAra, aparigrahI, nigraMtha muni kisI se dhana nahIM lete ataeva gRhasthoM meM jo manuSya haiM aura aNuvratoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM unako icchita dhana tathA savArI Adika vAhanoM ko dekara saMtuSTa karanA cAhiye, jisase samAja vyavasthA samunnata ho aura pratyeka vyakti dharma ke pAlana meM dRr3ha citta ho aura janma-maraNa ke du:khoM se mukta ho- mukti pAne meM samartha ho| isI tathya ko "mahApurANa" ke ar3atIsaveM sarga ke aSTama padya meM prakaTa kiyA gayA ye'NuvratadharA dhIrA dhaureyA gRhmedhinaam| tarpaNIyA hi te'smAbhiH Ipsitairvasu vaahnaiH||8|| ataH bharata cakravartI ne isa mahotsava meM Ane ke liye Adeza prasArita kara diyaa| niyata dinAMka ko niyata samaya para sabhI rAjA apane-apane sadAcArI iSTa mitra, parivAra sadasya, naukara-cAkara Adi ko sAtha le upasthita hue| parIkSArtha bharatacakrI ne mahotsava ke mArga ko hare-hare aMkuroM, puSpoM tathA phaloM se suMdara banAkara do bhAgoM meM bAMTa diyA thaa| jo aNuvratadhArI nahIM the ve hare bhare aMkurita evaM puSpaphalamaya rAha ko pAra kara utsava meM pahuMce parantu vratadhArI aNuvratI hiMsA ke Dara se binA saje retIle mArga se utsava meM phuNce| ina vratadhAriyoM ko bharatacakrI ne dvija yA brAhmaNa saMjJA dI aura brAhmaNa jAti yA varNa kI sthApanA kii| isakA saMketa "mahApurANa" ke ar3atIsaveM sarga ke 23veM padya meM kiyA hai atha te kRtasanmAnA: cakriNA vrtdhaarinnH| bhajanti sma paraM dADharya lokshcainaanpuujyt||23|| "bharatacakrI dvArA sammAnita vratadhArI aNuvratI dvija-brAhmaNa vratoM meM pakke bana gaye aura avratI aura anya logoM ne unako adhika sanmAna yA pUjA kA pAtra maanaa|" bharata cakrI ne ina dvija yA brAhmaNoM ko ijyA-devapUjA ke prakAra 1. sadArcana (maMdira meM pratidina jinendra deva kA pUjana), 2. caturmukha (mahAmukuTa baddha rAjAoM dvArA mahApUjana yajJa), 3. kalpadruma (cakravartiyoM dvArA kimicchaka-muMhamAMgA dAna diyA jAne vAlA pUjana yajJa), 4. ASTAhnika (ASTAhnikA parva meM pUjana vidhAna yajJa), 5. aindradhvaja (indroM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA mhaayjny)| ina pA~ca pUjanoM kA tathA 2 vArtA (vizuddha
Page #74
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 AcaraNa ke sAtha khetI karanA) 3 datti- dayAdatti, pAtradatti (munisaMgha tathA AryikA saMghoM ko dAna) samadatti (samAna kriyA, AcAra aura samAnavratAdi ke pAlane vAloM ko zraddhA ke sAtha dAna) 4. anvayadatti (vaMza kI pratiSThA ke lie putra ko samasta kula paddhati tathA dhana ke sAtha kuTumba ko samarpaNa karanA) tathA svAdhyAya, saMyama aura naya sAdhane kA upadeza diyaa| AcArya padmanaMdi ne inhIM ko devapUjA, gurUpAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna ye SaTkarma kA nAma de pratidina pAlane kA upadeza diyaa| dvijoM-brAhmaNoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue "mahApurANa' meM kahA hai ki dvijAto hi dvijanmeSTa: kriyAto garbhatazca yH| kriyA maMtra vihInastu kevalaM naamdhaarkH||48|| tadeSAM jAtisaMskAraM dRDhayanniti so'dhiraatt| sa provAca dvijanmebhyaH kriyaabhedaanshesstH||49|| tAzca kriyAstridhA''mnAtAH shraavkaadhyaaysNgrhe| sadRSTibhiranuSTheyA mahodarkAH shubhaavhaaH||50|| garbhAnvayakriyAzcaiva tathA diikssaanvykriyaaH| kanvayakriyAzceti tAstridhaivaM budhairmtaaH||51|| "jo eka bAra garbha se aura dUsarI bAra kriyAsaMskAra se janma letA hai vaha dvija yA brAhmaNa hai kintu kriyA aura maMtra donoM se hIna dvija mAtra nAma se dvija hai|48||" ataH ina dvija jAti ke janoM ke saMskAra ko dRr3ha karate hue nimnakriyAoM ke samasta bheda bharata cakravartI ne khe||49|| ___ "zrAvakAdhyAya saMgraha" meM dvijoM kI ve kriyAyeM tIna prakAra kI kahI gaI haiN| samyakdRSTi puruSoM ko una uttama phala dene vAlI tathA zubha-kalyANa karane vAlI kriyAoM ko pAlanA caahiye||50|| "vidvAnoM ne 1. garbhAnvaya kriyA 2.dIkSAnvaya kriyA 3. kanvaya kriyA isa prakAra tIna prakAra kI kriyAyeM batAI haiN| "mahApurANa" ke 38veM sarga meM ina tInoM kriyAoM ke bhedoM ko batAte hue kahA hai AdhAnAdyAstripaMcAzat jJeyA: grbhaanvykriyaaH| catvAriMzadathASTau ca smRtAH diikssaanvykriyaaH||52|| kanvayakriyAzcaiva sapta tajjJaiH smuccitaaH|| tAsAM yathAkramaM naamnirdesho'ymnuudyte||53|| "AdhAnAdi garbhAnvaya kriyAyeM 53 haiM, dIkSAnvaya kriyAyeM 48 haiM aura vidvAnoM ne 7 karz2anvaya kriyAyeM saMgrahIta kI haiN| Age ina saba ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai|"53|| isa lekha kA saMbandha kevala vidyArthI jIvana se saMbaddha "prathama garbhAnvaya kriyA se lekara 16vIM "vratAvataraNa kriyA" taka hai| ataeva maiM "mahApurANa" ke 38veM sarga ke do padyoM dvArA una 16 saMskAroM-kriyAoM kA mAtra ullekha kara una para vistAra se prakAza
Page #75
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 ddaaluuNgaa| AdhAnaM prItisuprItI dhRtirmodaH priyodbhvH| nAmakarmabahiryAnaniSadyAH prAzanaM tthaa||55|| vyuSTizca kezavApazca lipisNkhyaansNgrhH| upanItivrataM caryA vratAvataraNaM tthaa||56|| "1. AdhAna 2. prIti 3. suprIti 4 dhRti 5. moda 6. priyodbhava 7. nAmakarma 8. bahiryAna 9. niSadyA 10. prAzana 11. vyuSTi 12. kezavApa 13. lipisaMkhyAna saMgraha 14. upanIti 15. vratacaryA 16. vrtaavtrnn|" ina 16 kriyAoM kA bacapana se vidyArjana taka jIvana paryanta saMskAroM kI zreSThatA lAne meM acchA prabhAva par3atA hai| ina saMskAroM se bhAvI saMtAna kA jIvana samujvala evaM dhArmika banatA hai| saMskAra bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna kI sukhI jIvana kI kuMjI hai aura rAmabANa auSadhi hai| ataH kahA gayA hai sukhaM vAJchanti sarve'pi jIvA duHkhaM na jaatucit| tasmAt sukhaiSiNo jIvA sNskaaraayaabhisNmtaaH|| "pU. kSullaka jinendra varNI" ne "jainendra siddhAnta koza" ke pRSTha 149 para saMskAroM ke mahattva ke viSaya meM nimna prakAra DaMke kI coTa likhA hai "vyakti ke jIvana kI saMpUrNa zubha aura azubha vRtti unake saMskAroM ke adhIna hai| jinameM se kucha pUrvabhava se apane sAtha lAtA hai aura kucha isI bhava meM saMgati va zikSA Adi ke prabhAva se utpanna karatA hai| isIliye garbha meM Ane ke pUrva se hI bAlaka meM vizuddha saMskAra utpanna karane ke liye vidhAna batAyA gayA hai| garbhAvataraNa se lekara nirvANa paryanta yathAvasara jinendra pUjana va maMtra vidhAna sahita 53 kriyAoM kA vidhAna hai, jinase bAlaka ke saMskAra uttarottara vizuddha hote hue eka dina vaha nirvANa kA bhAjana bana jAtA hai|" khadAna se nikale hIre javAharAtoM ko saMskAroM dvArA nirmala aura camakIlA banAyA jAtA hai tabhI unakA nikhAra hotA hai aura kImata bar3ha jAtI hai| "bhaktAmara stotra" meM kahA gayA jJAnaM yathA tvayi vibhAti kRtAvakAzaM naivaM tathA hariharAdiSu naaykessu| tejaH sphuranmaNiSu yAti yathA mahattvaM naivaM tu kAca zakale kirnnaakule'pi||20|| "he jinendra deva! ananta paryAyAtmaka jJAna jaisA Apa meM zobhAyamAna hotA hai vaisA jJAna hariharAdi nAyaka devoM meM nahIM zobhA pAtA jisa prakAra saMskArita camakIle maNiyoM meM teja gaurava ko pAtA hai| usa prakAra camakate kAMca ke Tukar3oM meM teja zobhA nahIM detaa| 20 / / isIliye jinendradeva trilokI sarvajJa kahe jAte haiN| bAlaka binA saMskAroM ke ucca
Page #76
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 AcaraNoM dvArA nirmala, sukhI jIvana evaM samAjopayogI banane ke sAtha mokSa ke paramAnanda ke pAtra nahIM bana skte| saMskAroM kI mahimA dhavalA, mUlAcAra, paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, sarvArthasiddhi, dravya saMgraha Adi graMthoM meM gAI gaI hai| 76 prathama AdhAna kriyA kA uddezya SaTkarmoM ke pAlana ke sAtha suyogya suputra yA suputrI ke lie bhautika bhogAbhilASa nirapekSa pati-patnI saMsarga se hai para vartamAna bhautikavAdI yuga meM pati-patnI donoM viparIta dizA meM cala rahe haiN| ataH suyogya aura dhArmika saMtAna kA lakSya pUrA honA kaThina ho gayA hai| prathama " AdhAna kriyA" ke viSaya meM "mahApurANa" meM kahA gayA hai AdhAnaM nAma garbhAdI saMskArI maMtrapUrvakaH / patnImRtumatIM snAtAM puraskRtyArhadijyayA // 70 // 'zrAvaka ke SaTkarmoM meM prathama devapUjA ahaMnta deva kI pUjAkara maMtrArAdhanApUrvaka garbha meM rahane ke pUrva RtumatI ke snAna ke pazcAt apanI patnI ke sAtha sahavAsa kare | 17011 santAnArthamRtAveva kAmasevAM mitho bhajet / zaktikAlavyapekSo'yaM kramo'zakteSvato'nyathA / / 134 / / " RtukAla meM rajodarzana se chaThI rAtri meM hI saMtAna kI kAmanA se pati-patnI ko sahavAsa karanA caahie| yaha krama kevala zaktizAlI puruSoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai| jo zaktihIna haiM unheM yathAzakti brahmacarya pAlate hue sahavAsa karanA caahie| 134 / / santAnArtha sahavAsa kI bAta "jainendrasiddhAnta koSa" meM cauthe snAna ke bAda likhI hai| yaha pracalita paraMparA ke anusAra hai aisA maiM mAnatA hU~ jabaki paM. zivajI rAma pAThaka ne " jaina saMskAra vidhi" pRSTha 47 para chaThe snAna ke bAda rAtri meM sahavAsa kI bAta saMtAna kAmanA kI bhAvanA se likhI hai| ucca bhAvanAoM se santAnArtha sahavAsa vaMzaparaMparA tathA dhArmika paraMparA calAne ke liye anivArya hai| A. samantabhadra ne "ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra" meM likhA hai smayena yo'nyAnatyeti dharmasthAna garvitAzayaH / so'tyeti dharmamAtmIyaM na dharmo dhArmikavinA // 26 // " abhimAna se jo cAroM saMghoM ke sadasyoM kA garva se cUra ho unakA apamAna karatA hai| vaha AtmIya dharma kA apamAna karatA hai kyoMki dhArmika samAja ke cAroM saMghoM ke sadasyoM ke binA yA dhArmika mAnavoM ke binA dharma nahIM cala sakatA yA nahIM pala sakatA yA pAlA jA sakatA / " 30 / AcArya samantabhadra ne yaha bhI kahA hai gRhastho mokSamArgastho nirmoho naiva mohvaan| anagAro gRhI zreyAn nirmoho mohino muneH // 33 // " nirmoha yA mohanIya karma rahita gRhastha mokSamArga meM sthita hai kintu mohI muni mokSamArga meM sthita nahIM hai ataH mohI muni se nirmoha gRhastha zreSTha hai| "
Page #77
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 77 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke cAroM saMghoM ko calAne vAlA yA unakA bhAra vahana karane vAlA nirmohI gRhastha hai| dhArmika gRhasthoM ke binA samAja vyavasthA yA saMgha vyavasthA yA rAjya aura rASTra vyavasthA tathA vizvavyavasthA caramarA jAyegI / paM. zivajI rAma pAThaka pratiSThAcArya ne " jainasaMskAravidhi" ke pRSTha 51 para likhA hai svagRhe prAk ziraH kuryAt zvAsure dakSiNAmukhaH / pratyaGmukhaH pravAse ca na kadAcidudaGmukhaH // 1 // pAdau prakSAlayet pUrvaM pazcAt zavyAM smaacret| mRduzayyAM sthitaH zete riktazayyAM parityajet // 2 // "apane ghara meM pUrva kI ora sirahAnA karake soveM, sasurAla meM dakSiNa kI ora sirahAnA karake aura pravAsa meM pazcima kI ora sirahAnA karake soveN| uttara kI ora sirahAnA karake nA soveN| sone ke pahale apane pairoM ko acchI taraha dhoveN| zayyA komala ho kaThora nahIM ho| " sahavAsa mahIne meM tIna yA cAra bAra se adhika nahIM ho to acchI saMtAna hogI aisA AyurvedAdi graMthoM meM bhI likhA hai| dUsarI prIti kriyA hai jo garbhAdhAna hone para tIsare mahIne meM hotI hai aura bhagavAn jinendra kI pUjA Adi se usakA saMbaMdha hai| dampati yugala ko dharmArAdhanA meM yathAzakti samaya lagAnA caahiye| suyogya saMtAna kI prApti yA sukhamaya saMsAra puNya ke phaloM ke antargata ginA jAtA hai| tIsarI suprIti kriyA hai jo garbhAdhAna ke pA~caveM mahIne meM zubha muhUrta meM maMdira meM bhagavAn jinendra kI pUjA Adi ke sAtha kI jAtI hai| cauthI dhRti kriyA garbhAdhAna ke sAtaveM mahIne meM zubha muhUrta meM bhagavAn jinendra pUjana Adi ke sAtha saMpanna hotI hai| Aja bhI sAdoM ke nAma se samAja meM yaha kriyA pracalita hai| sabhI kriyAyeM dhArmika bhAvanAoM se bharI hai jinakA saMbaMdha suyogya dhArmika saMtAna kI prApti se jur3A hai| pA~cavI moha kriyA garbhAdhAna ke AThaveM mahIne meM hotI hai| isameM zubha muhUrta meM jinendra pUjana ke sAtha anya kriyAyeM hotI haiN| ise kucha samAjoM meM "AThavAM pUjanA" nAma diyA gayA hai| bAdhAeM hoM to yaha kriyA AThaveM yA navame mAha meM kI jA sakatI hai| chaThavIM kriyA priyodbhava kriyA yA "jAtakarma saMskAra kriyA" hai jisameM saMtAna hone ke pazcAt jinendra, yantra pUjana tathA havana Adi kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiN| yadi lar3akI paidA huI to kriyAoM ke maMtra nahIM bolakara kevala dravyamAtra se hI pUjanAdi karanA cAhiye aisA zrI paM. pAThakajI ne likhA hai| ina kriyAoM kA varNana upAsakAdhyayanAMga meM hai| sAtavIM kriyA " nAmakaraNa" kriyA hai| ise "nAmasaMskAra" kriyA bhI kahate haiN| paM. zivajI rAma pAThaka ne likhA hai dvAdaze SoDaze viMze dvAtriMze divase'pi vA / nAmakarma svajAtInAM kartavyaM pUrvamArgataH //
Page #78
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 ___ "janma se bArahaveM, solahaveM, bIsaveM athavA battIsaveM dina meM zuddha zubha muhUrta meM apane bacce yA baccI kA vaMza paraMparA ke anusAra "nAmakaraNa saMskAra" karanA caahie| isa kriyA meM pUjana, yaMtrapUjana Adi maMgala kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiN| "ghaTapatra vidhi" se bhagavAn jinendra deva ke 1008 nAmoM meM se icchAnusAra kAgaja ke Tukar3oM para likha goliyA~ banAkara ghar3e meM DAlakara kisI abodha bAlaka se golI nikalavAkara maMtra pUrvaka "nAmakaraNa' kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM to manamAnA ghara kA nAma rakhA jAne lagA hai aura janmakuMDalI ke anusAra rAzinAma pracalita hone lagA hai| "jainendra siddhAMta koSa" meM 12veM dina nAma saMskAra karane kA ullekha hai|| AThavIM "bahiryAna" kriyA hai| janma se 1 mAha 15 dina bAda kisI zubha muhUrta meM mAtA-pitA bAlaka ko snAnAdi karA naye vastra pahanAkara yaMtrapUjana havanAdi ke pazcAt bAlaka ko maMdira gAje bAje ke sAtha gRhasthAcArya ke sAtha le jAveM tathA Avazyaka kriyAyeM karAkara ghara lAveM / "jainendra siddhAnta koSa" meM janma se 3 yA cAra mAha pazcAt isa kriyA ke karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ___ navama "niSadyA" kriyA hai jo tIsare cauthe mahIne ke bAda kisI zubha dina meM maMtrapUrvaka bAlaka yA bAlikA ko jhUle meM biThAkara jhulAte haiN| kisI zubha dina meM nAka aura kAna chidavAte haiN| yaMtra pUjana aura havanAdi kriyAyeM kI jAtI haiN| dasavIM "annaprAzana" kriyA hai jise sAtaveM yA nauveM mahIne meM zubha muhUrta meM yaMtra pUjana havanAdi ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| bAlaka ko mAtA-pitA goda meM biThAkara pUrva dizA meM mukha karate haiM aura bAlaka kA dakSiNa dizA meM mukha kara ghRta mizrI mizrita khIra khilAte haiN| gyArahavIM vyuSTi kriyA yA 'varSavardhana saMskAra" kiyA jAtA hai| yaha kriyA dasaveM, gyArahaveM yA bArahaveM mahIne meM jaba bAlaka calane yogya ho jAtA hai taba kI jAtI hai| isameM zubha dina zubha muhUrta meM jinendrapUjana havanAdi ke pazcAt pitA bAlaka ko uttaramukha karake apane hAthoM se donoM bhujAyeM pakar3akara maMtroccAra pUrvaka bAlaka kA dAhinA pA~va Age ko pUrvonmukha gamana karanA sikhAtA hai| ise varSagA~Tha bhI kahate haiN| vartamAna meM AMgla paddhati se keka kATane ke sAtha tathA momabattiyA~ varSoM ke anusAra prajvalita karake tathA bujhA karake kI jAtI hai| keka kATa kara khilAte haiM tathA prItibhoja diyA jAtA hai| isa prItibhoja meM saba apane-apane hAthoM se uThAkara khAte jAte haiN| aba khAna pAna kI zuddhatA jAtI rhii| saba jUte-cappala pahina kara khAte haiN| ise 'baphe sisTama' kahA jAtA hai jo samAja meM pracalita ho gayA hai| yaha kaliyuga kI balihArI dena hai| bArahavIM "caulakriyA" yA "kezavApa" kriyA kahalAtI hai| ise dUsare varSa se paMcama varSa ke bhItara kisI bhI varSa ke zubha dina aura zubha muhUrta meM kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu yaha kriyA nimna zlokoM meM diye gaye AdezoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara karanA caahiye| yaMtra pUjana havanAdi honA caahie| cUlAkarma zizormAtari garbhiNyAM yadi vA bhvet| garbhasya vA vipattiH syAd vipattirvA shishorpi||1||
Page #79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 zizormAtari garbhiNyAM calAkarma na kaaryet| gate tu paMcame varSe doSayennahi grbhinnii||2|| bAlaka kI mAtA ke garbhavatI hone para yaha kriyA karane para garbha ke bAlaka aura garbhavatI para vipatti A sakatI hai| ataeva bAlaka kI mAtA ke garbhavatI hone para yaha cUlAkarma kriyA nahIM karanI caahiye| yadi pAMcaveM varSa bAda yaha kriyA ho to mAtA ke garbhavatI hone para bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| "jainasaMskAravidhi" pRSTha 63-641 nApita ke dvArA mAtA sahita bAlaka ke pUrva dizA yA uttara dizA meM mukha karake baiThane para chure se muMDana maMtra pUrvaka karAyA jAtA hai| bAlaka ke bAloM ko gIle ATe meM lapeTakara jalAzaya pahuMcAte haiN| zAntivisarjana pUrvaka tathA vastrAbhUSaNa pahinAkara bAlaka kI coTI ke sthAna para kezara se sAthiyA banA munirAja yA maMdira ke darzana karAte haiN| anta meM dAna bhojanAdi ke sAtha kriyA saMpanna kI jAtI hai| terahavIM "lipisaMkhyAna" kriyA hai jo pAMcaveM varSa ke aMta meM sUrya ke uttarAyaNa hone para kI jAtI hai| isa kriyA ke liye budhavAra, guruvAra, zukravAra atyanta zubha mAne gaye haiM, ravivAra aura somavAra madhyama dina hai parantu zanivAra aura maMgalavAra nikRSTa dina mAne gaye ___ isa kriyA meM anadhyAya, pradoSakAla, caturthI, SaSThI, navamI aura caturdazI tithi heya haiN| isa kriyA ko ghara meM yA vidyAlaya meM bAlaka ko snAna karA pavitra vastrAbhUSaNa pahinA yaMtrapUjana havanAdi ke sAtha karanA caahiye| upAdhyAya bAlaka se zuddha kezara se kATha kI suMdara cikanI paTTI para "OM" likhavAtA hai aura "OM namaH siddhebhyaH" likhavAkara uccAraNa karAtA hai| bAlaka ke hAthoM meM pustaka aura paTTI dete haiN| bAlaka gRhasthAcArya, upAdhyAya, mAtA-pitA Adi gurujanoM ko praNAma kara, caraNasparza kara AzIrvAda letA hai| aMta meM vidyAguru aura gRhasthAcArya kA dravya vastrAdi se sammAna kara vidyAdAna ke sAtha zAMtivisarjana kiyA jAtA hai| caudahavIM upanayana kriyA yA yajJopavIta kriyA hai jo 'upanIti' kriyA nAma se bhI kahI gaI hai| yaha kriyA bAlaka ke AThaveM varSa meM praveza karane ke bAda 24veM varSa taka kI jA sakatI hai| "AdipurANa" meM isa kriyA ke liye AThavA~ varSa hI upayukta mAnA gayA hai kyoMki isa varSa taka bAlaka atyanta AjJAkArI hotA hai aura dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA Age vikAsa hone kA avasara sulabha hotA hai| zubha dina zubha muhUrta aura munisaMgha Adi ke nagara meM virAjamAna hone para yaMtrapUjana havanAdi ke sAtha yaha kriyA honI caahiye| gRhasthAcArya vidhi pUrvaka isa kriyA ko karAte haiM aura zrAvakAcAra pAlana karane evaM vivAha hone taka brahmacaryavrata pAlane kI pratijJA karAte haiN| anya Avazyaka jJAna bhI diyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bAlaka brahmacarya ke sAtha jaina zrAvakAcAra dhAraNa kara utkRSTa jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane meM vidyAbhyAsa meM mana ko lIna rakhatA hai|
Page #80
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 paMdrahavIM "vratAcaraNa" kriyA hai ise "vratacaryA" kriyA bhI kahate haiN| 'upanayana' kriyA ke bAda isa kriyA kA pAlana karane vAlA brahmacArI kamara meM ratnatraya ke cihnasvarUpa tIna lar3avAlI muMja kI rassI kamara meM pahinatA hai jo vartamAna meM kaTiDora banakara raha gayA hai| sAdI dhotI aura dupaTTA pahinatA hai aura yajJopavIta dhAraNa karatA hai| kI gaI pratijJAoM kA pAlana dRr3hatA se karatA hai| pRthvI para yA caTAI para sotA hai| harI dAtauna nahIM karatA, pAna khAnA, aMjana lagAnA, ubaTana lagAnA, palaMga para sonA Adi brahmacarya bAdhaka bAtoM kA tyAga karatA hai| solahavIM "vratAvataraNa" kriyA hai| yaha vidyArthI jIvana taka kI aMtima kriyA hai| pUrNatayA abhyAsa kara yaha brahmacArI bAlaka vidyArthI jIvana ke cihna sAvana mahIne meM aura zravaNa nakSatrAdi sahita zubha muhUrta meM tyAga detA hai| yantrapUjana, havana Adi kara gRhasthAcArya ko mauMjI kholakara de detA hai tathA gRhasthoM ke pahinane ke yogya vastrAdi dhAraNa karane kA pAtra banatA hai| "vidyAlaMkAra" ke antargata ina solaha kriyAoM ko "solaha saMskAra" bhI kahate haiN| inakA vidyAdhyayana kAla taka vizeSa rUpa se mahattva hai| parantu jaina samAja meM ina saMskAroM kI upekSA hotI gaI ataeva Aja kA vidyArthI mAtra parivAra ke saMskAroM ke adhIna raha gayA hai| samAja ke saMskAroM kA baMdhana TUTa gayA hai| ina kriyAoM meM se kisI bhI kriyA kA Aja pAlana nahIM hotA hai| ataH bAlaka aura bAlikAyeM pathabhraSTa ho gaye haiN| ina saMskAroM kA yadi dhyAna rakhA jAve to samAja aneka samasyAoM se baca sakatA hai| ___ Aja samAja meM saMpUrNa zikSA sarakArI ho gaI hai| zikSA jagat kA saMbandha dhArmika saMskAroM se nahIM ke barAbara ho gayA hai| vidyArthI ko sahazikSA dene vAlI saMsthAoM meM par3hanA par3atA hai| Aja ke vAtAvaraNa meM kaliyuga kI jhalaka milane lagI hai| ataeva dUSita vidyAlaya, durAcaraNa, raigiMga, balAtkAra, anamela vivAha, dahejaprathA, eDsa, hRdayaroga, kaiMsara Adi bhayAnaka rogoM ke ghara banate jA rahe haiN| ataeva samAja ko isa vidyAsaMskAroM ke viSaya meM dhyAna denA jarUrI ho gayA hai| zikSA ke kSetra meM bAlaka-bAlikAoM kI zikSA ke liye gurukula praNAlI para vizeSa dhyAna denA caahie| "ityalam" - 7, lakherApurA, bhopAla (madhyapradeza)
Page #81
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ devalokaH kauna upAsya kauna anupAsya - DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala "zAsana devatA upAsya yA anupAsya' evaM 'dIpAvalI pUjanam' do kRtiyA~ samAna uddezyoM evaM bhAvoM ko vyakta karane vAlI mahAsabhA ke ciMtana aura darzana kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| dIpAvalI pUjanam kRti ko prakAzita karane kA uddezya "jainadarzana kI lupta prAyaH saMskRti ko punarjIvita karanA hai| jainadarzana ke nAma se prakAzita hone vAlI kRtiyoM meM kahIM bhI jainatva kI vItarAgatA kA saMketa/ varNana nahIM milaa| yakSI saMskRti ke Ar3ha meM vaidika mAnyatAoM kA poSaNa bhI anubhUta huaa| lekhaka ke mata se asahamata vyaktiyoM/ vidvAnoM ko mUDha, duSTa, mUrkha, dhUrta, narakagAmI sambodhanoM se alaMkRta kara apane malina bhAvoM kA sundara paricaya lekhaka ne diyA hai| svarga aura naraka bhAvoM kA hI phala hai| ___ 'zAsana devatA upAsya yA anupAsya' ke aMtima pATha kI viSaya sAmagrI evaM 'dIpAvalI pUjanam' ke prathama pATha kI sAmagrI kA AdhAra, trilokasAra kI gAthA 988 para zrI paM. ToDaramala jI evaM zrI paM. sadAsukhadAsa jI kI TIkA hai| aMtara itanA hI hai ki zAsana devatA upAsya ke aMtima niSkarSa meM sarvANha evaM sanatkumAra yakSoM ko pUjya kahA, vahIM dIpAvalI pUjanam ke pRSTha 9 meM ina yakSoM ke nAma ke pahale lakSmI va sarasvatI kA nAma aura jor3a diyA hai| cUMki dIpAvalI pUnajam punarzodhita hai, ataH yaha kathana bhI navIna paristhitiyoM ke anusAra punarsazodhanIya mAnanA caahie| ina pustakoM meM ukta donoM vidvAnoM ko maMtra-taMtra mUr3ha ghoSita kiyA hai| inakA aparAdha itanA thA ki unhoMne zAsana devatAoM, yakSa-yakSiNiyoM aura kSetrapAla-padmAvatI ko pUjya nahIM maanaa| 'zAsanadevatA upAsya' pustaka meM muniyoM dvArA zAsana devatAoM evaM anya rakSaka devoM kI stuti evaM namaskAra karane Adi kI anumati pradAna kI gayI hai| AcArya padmanaMdi jI ne ise AzIrvAda diyA hai| isakA nihitArtha yaha hai ki jinadIkSAdhAriyoM ko bhI zAsana devatA Adi kI stuti karanA Agamokta hai| __zAsanadevatA yakSa-yakSiNI, kSetrapAla-padmAvatI Adi kI pUjyatA kA AdhAra trilokasAra kI gAthA 988 meM varNita akRtrima jinamaMdiroM kI vyavasthA hai| suraloka ke akRtrima ke jinamaMdiroM kA svarUpa/vyavasthA samajhane ke lie tiloyapaNNatti kA adhyayana kiyaa| bhavanavAsI, vyaMtara, jyotiSa evaM suraloka ke jinendra bhavanoM kI mUrtiyoM kI sthiti isa prakAra haibhavanavAsI deva- (tRtIya mahAdhikAra) jinabhavanoM kI saMkhyA sAta karor3a bahattara lAkha hai| pratyeka maMdira meM siMhAsanAdika sahita hAtha meM caMvara liye nAgayakSa yugala se yukta tathA nAnA prakAra ke ratnoM se nirmita jinapratimAe~ haiM (3/51) / jinamandiroM meM devacchanda (garbhagRha) ke bhItara zrIdevI, zrutadevI
Page #82
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 82 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 tathA sarvAha aura sanatkumAra yakSoM kI mUrtiyoM evaM aSTa maMgala dravya haiN| (3/47 ) yaha gAthA trilokasAra jI kI gAthA 988 ke samAna hai| jyotirloka (sattamo mahAdhikAra ) jyotiloMka ke candravimAna meM bhavanavAsI deva jaisI jinabhavanoM kI vyavasthA hai| (7/47-48) / yahI vyavasthA sUrya vimAna meM bhI hai / ( 7/73 ) / vyaMtara loka (chaTTo mahAdhikAra ) vyaMtara loka meM jinabhavanoM meM siMhAsanAdi prAtihAyoM sahita aura hAtha meM caMvara lie hue nAgayakSa deva yugaloM se saMyukta akRtrima jinendra pratimAeM jayavanta hotI haiM (6/15) / yahAM ke jinamaMdiroM meM zrIdevI, zrutadevI tathA sarvANha - sanatkumAra yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| suraloka (aTTamo mahAdhikAra ) kalpavAsI-suraloka ke jinabhavanoM meM tIna chatra siMhAsana, bhAmaNDala aura caMvarAdi se (saMyukta) sundara jina-pratimAeM virAjamAna rahatI haiM (8/605) / ina maMdiroM meM nAgayakSa, zrIdevI Adi kI mUrtiyAM hone kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| sarva devoM dvArA jinendra pUjA kA vidhAna deva loka meM upapAdapura meM mahArha zayyA para deva utpanna hote haiN| deva-deviyoM ko dekhakara navAgaMtuka deva ko kautuka hotA hai aura kisI ko vibhaMga aura kisI ko avadhijJAna pragaTa hotA hai| koI mithyAdRSTi deva vizuddha samyaktva ko grahaNa karate haiM (8/596-597 ) / naye deva kA abhiSeka hotA hai pazcAt divya ratnAbhUSaNoM kI vezabhUSA dhAraNa kara deva jina bhavana jAkara jinadeva kI saikar3oM stutiyA~ kara unakA abhiSeka karate haiN| samyagdRSTi deva karmakSaya ke nimitta sadA mana meM atizaya bhaktipUrvaka 'jinavarANa sayA' jinendroM kI pUjA karate haiN| midhyAdRSTi deva anya devoM ke saMbodhana se ye kula devatA haiM' aisA mAnakara Nicca accati jiNavarappaDimA nitya jinendra pratimAoM kI pUjA karate haiM (8/611-612) | jinamUrti kI pUjA ke devaloka ke niSkarSa 1) deva loka ke jina maMdiroM ke sabhI maMdiroM meM zrIdevI, zrutadevI, sarvANha - sanatkumAra yakSa kI mUrtiyoM ke hone kA vidhAna nahIM hai| bhavanavAsI evaM jyotilaoNka ke jinamaMdiroM meM deviyoM aura yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ hotI haiM kintu vyaMtaraloka aura suraloka ( kalpavAsI) ke jinamaMdiroM meM inakI mUrtiyoM kA vidhAna nahIM hai| 2) devaloka ke devagaNa samyagdRSTi aura mithyAdRSTi, mAtra jinendra pratimAoM kA abhiSeka, stuti aura pUjana karate haiN| jinendra ko chor3a anya kisI devI-devatA, yakSa yA zAsana devatA kI pUjA nahIM krte| 3) bhavanavAsI aura jyotilaoNka jahAM zrIdevI evaM yakSamUrtiyA~ garbhagRha meM vidyamAna haiM,
Page #83
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 vahAM samyagdRSTi devoM dvArA 'maNNatayA tatthajiNiMda pUja' vizuddhi pUrvaka jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjA kI jAtI hai (3/239) evaM mithyAdRSTi devoM dvArA 'micchA judA te ya jiNiMda pUja' nitya jina pratimAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| (3/240) bhavanavAsI mithyAdRSTi deva jaba jinapratimAoM ko pUjate haiM taba eka indra aura anya vibhUti yukta deva, jinake adhIna yakSAdi haiM; zrIdevI evaM yakSAdi ko kyoM pUjeMge? vicAraNIya hai| apane adhInasthoM, hInapada vAloM kI pUjAdi to laukika jagat meM bhI sattA ke pramukha dvArA nahIM kI jaatii| adhInasthoM kI pUjA yA stuti karane kA sujhAva yA samarthana vajramUr3ha bhI nahIM kara sakatA? ___4) vyaMtara loka meM bhI samyagdRSTi devoM dvArA 'jiNiMda-paDimAo pUjaMti' (6/16) evaM mithyAdRSTi devoM dvArA 'jiNiMda-paDimAo' jinendra pratimAoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai (6/17) / vahA~ bhI devI-yakSoM kI pUjA nahIM hotii| yakSa apane hamasAthI yakSa kI pUjA kaise kara sakate haiM? viveka kA aucitya unake sAtha bhI hai| uccapada aura samAna pada kI maryAdAoM kA nirvAha devaloka meM sahaja hotA hai| vahAM kutarka aura mithyA vAkjAla yA unmAdI vyAkhyA evaM kArya karane kI svataMtratA nahIM hai| ___5) vyaMtara devoM ke ATha bheda haiM- kinnara, kimpuruSa, mahoraga, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta aura pishaac| yakSa devoM ke mANibhadra, pUrNabhadra (donoM indra haiM) zailabhadra Adi bAraha bheda haiM (5/25, 42-43) / samavazaraNa kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra divya dharmacakra yakSendroM ke sira para sthita honA, kisI kA upakAra nahIM kintu kubera kI vyavasthA hai (4/879 evaM 922) / dharmacakra dhAraNa karane se yakSendra ko garbhagRha meM zobhA/sammAna kA avasara milA kintu pUjya nahIM hue| 6) zrIdevI nAma kI eka saudharma indra kI devI hai| isakA nivAsa himavAn parvata ke padmadraha ke kamala meM hai (4/1694) / isa devI ke parivAra meM sAmAnika, tanurakSaka, tIna prakAra ke pAriSad, anIka, prakIrNaka, Abhiyogya aura kilviSika jAti ke deva hote haiM (4/1695) / kamala puSpoM para bhavanoM ke samatulya jinendra prAsAda hote haiN| jahAM caMvara, bhAmaNDala, trichatra sahita jinendra pratimAeM zobhAyamAna haiM (4/1715-1717) / isa zrIdevI kA yakSendra jaisA koI yogadAna nahIM darzAyA gyaa| zrutadevI kA koI ullekha tiloyapaNNatti meM nahIM milA, anveSaNIya hai| 7) deva loka ke jinamaMdiroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA nahIM hotI ve nisargarUpa se pratiSThita evaM pUjya hotI haiM kintu manuSyaloka meM mUrtiyoM kI pUjA vidhivat pratiSThA karane ke uparAMta hotI haiN| apratiSThita mUrtiyA~ apUjya hotI haiN| tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA aura pUjA zramaNa saMskRti kA cihna hai| anukRti kI pratikRti (TU kaoNpI) kI mUr3ha vikRtiyA~ tIrthakaroM kA janma karmabhUmi meM hotA hai| karmabhUmi meM hI unake garbha, janma, tapa, kevalajJAna aura mokSa kalyANaka hote haiN| yahIM unakI dharmasabhA-samavazaraNa kI racanA hotI hai| yahIM tIrthaMkara kI vANI-divya dhvani khiratI hai| caturvidha saMgha kI racanA bhI karmabhUmi meM hotI hai aura tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA-pUjA hetu paMcakalyANaka pUrvaka jina pratimAoM kI
Page #84
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 pratiSThA bhI karmabhUmi meM hotI hai| videha kSetra kI vyavasthA kathaMcit bhinna hai| yaha vyavasthA anAdi kAla se prabhAvazIla hai| zramaNa saMskRti meM mAtra tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA aura pUjA hotI hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke alAvA kisI anya devI-devatA, yakSa-yakSI yA mAnava anukRti kI pratiSThA evaM pUjA mUla-AmnAya kI paraMparA meM nahIM hotI hai| asaMyamI kI mUrti banAne kI paraMparA bhI nahIM hai| devaloka meM jinendra deva (tIrthakaroM) kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA hetu akRtrima jinAlaya bane haiM jahAM jinendradeva kA abhiSeka aura pUjA sarva devoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| ina akRtrima jinAlayoM meM karmabhUmi meM utpanna evaM siddha hue tIrthakaroM kI anukRti rUpa mUrtiyA~ zAzvata rUpa se vidyamAna rahatI haiM aura mUla-AmnAya kI paraMparAnusAra pUjya hotI haiN| bhavanavAsI evaM jyotirloka ke jinamaMdiroM ke garbhagRha meM zrIdevI, zrutadevI, sarvAha-sanatkumAra yakSoM kI mUrtiyA~ sthita hone ke bAda bhI devagaNoM dvArA unakI pUjA karane kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| yaha zAzvata vyavasthA anukRti kI pratikRti kI hai jisakA vivaraNa AcAryoM dvArA tiloyapaNNatti, trilokasAra Adi Agama graMthoM meM diyA gayA hai| tiloyapaNNatti, trilokasAra meM varNita jinabhavanoM kI pratikRti (TUkaoNpI) bharata kSetra kI vidyamAna karmabhUmi meM kI jAne kI paraMparA vikasita huI hai| bhavanavAsI akRtrima jinAlayoM ke garbhagRha meM varNita zrIdevI, zrutadevI, sarvANha-sanatkumAra Adi yakSoM kI mUrtiyoM ko AdhAra banAkara karmabhUmi ke jinAlayoM meM rAgI-mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA, pUjA kI vikRta paraMparA prAraMbha karane kA upadeza, samarthana aura unmAdI vyAkhyA kI jAne lagI, jaisA ki 'zAsana devatA upAsya yA anupAsya' evaM 'dIpAvalI pUjanam' kRtiyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| isa vikRta paraMparA kI nimna unmAdI yA tarka rahita vyAkhyAe~ vicAraNIya haiM 1. jinendra ke mata meM pUrNa yA AMzika vItarAgatA pUjyanIya vizva ke sarva dharma/ darzanoM meM mAtra jainadharma hI viziSTa dharma hai jisameM guNAzrita vItarAgatA pUrNa yA AMzika ko pUjya mAnA gayA hai| vItarAgiyoM kI pUjA-stavanAdi se vItarAga vizeSajJAna kI prApti hotI hai jo mokSamArga meM sAdhaka kA kAma karatA hai| jinamata ke anasAra janma-jarA-mRtyu Adi aTThAraha doSoM se mukta jIva hI pUjya hai| vizeSatA itanI hai ki jo sAdhaka AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhu AMzika vItarAgatA ke dhArI haiM, ve bhI pUjya mAne gaye haiN| asaMyamI aura bahudoSa-yukta mahilAe~ isa zreNI meM nahIM aatiiN| rAgI-dveSI devI-devatA bhI apUjya haiN| unakI pUjA se vItarAga vizeSajJAna kI prApti nahIM hotii| 2. anAdimahAmaMtra NamokAra maMtra meM pUjyatva jinadharma zAzvata dharma hai| isakA anAdi mahAmaMtra NamokAra maMtra hai| isameM arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sarva sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| vidyamAna Agama meM isakA aMkana SaTkhaMDAgama meM AcArya puSpadaMta jI ne kiyA hai| yadi koI sAmAnya jana isakA prathama aMkana karatA to bhI vaha paMcaparameSThI ko hI namaskAra krtaa| yahI zAzvata satya hai| yaha soca tarka saMgata nahIM hai ki yadi NamokAra maMtra kA lekhana caturtha guNasthAnavartI asaMyamIjana
Page #85
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 karatA to vaha paMcama guNasthAnavartI vratI zrAvaka ko isa maMtra meM pUjyatva kA sthAna de detaa| 3. akarttAvAdI jainadarzana kI avadhAraNA jainadarzana akarttAvAdI hai| sabhI jIva apane zubha-azubha karmoM ke anusAra janma-maraNa, sukha-du:kha, anukUla-pratikUla saMyoga pAte haiM aura bhogate haiN| koI kisI se prasanna-aprasanna hokara sukhI-dukhI nahIM ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se kisI kI pUjA karanA iSTakAraka nahIM hai| karmacakra kA AdhAra jIva ke bhAva haiN| bhAvoM ke anusAra hI karmacakra kA prabhAva hotA hai| ataH azubha se nivRtti, zubha meM pravRtti aura zuddha bhAva ko anubhUta karane kI bhAvanA karanA caahiye| samatA bhAva rakhanA caahiye| asAtAkarma ke udaya meM koI kisI kA sahAyaka nahIM hotaa| 4. jinendra deva anupameya tIrthakara-jinendra deva anupameya haiN| unakI tulanA kisI se nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki unake samAna yA unase zreSTha vizva meM aura koI nahIM hai| saMbhAvanA dvArA lakSmI se jinendra bhagavAn kI tulanA karanA aura lakSmI ko zreSTha batAnA buddhi kA vikAra pradarzita karanA hai| prathama, lakSmI ke astitva kA hI patA nahIM hai| dUsare nArI paryAya aneka svAbhAvika doSoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa nArI paryAya meM mukta nahIM ho sktii| tIsare rAgI nArI ke guNoM se vItarAgI deva kI tulanA karanA jinendra deva kA avarNavAda karanA hai| 5. zrIdevI, zrutadevI, sarvAha aura sanatkumAra yakSoM kI pUjA unake suraloka meM nahIM kI jaatii| yadi ve jinendradeva ke zAsana rakSaka (upadeva) hote to unakI pUjA-upAsanA bhavanavAsI aura vyaMtara devoM dvArA avazya kI jaatii| jinakI pUjA asaMyamI devaloka meM nahIM hotI unakI pUjA manuSyaloka ke asaMyamI, saMyamI-vratI mahAnubhAvoM kA karanA, karavAnA yA anumodanA karanA buddhi kI ghora viparItatA aura tIvra mohodaya kA pratApa samajhanA caahie| 6. tIrthakaroM ke yakSa-yakSI anya jIvoM ke samAna nizcita Ayu vAle hote haiN| kAla pravAha meM unakI AtmA kahAM kisa paryAya meM hogI kisI ko jJAta nhiiN| aisI anizcita sthiti meM unakI pUjA-ArAdhanA se dharma kI rakSA yA du:kha kA nivAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai? vicAraNIya hai| yadi inakA astitva zAzvata hotA aura ve dharma rakSaka hote to abhI taka dharma kI jo hAni huI yA ho rahI hai, vaha kabhI nahIM hotii| jainadharma kA itihAsa rakta raMjita aura maMdiroM kA AparAdhika dhvaMza nahIM hotaa| zAsana-rakSaka kI kalpanA tarkahIna hai| 7. manuSya loka meM jinendra deva kI pratimAoM kI pUjA-abhiSeka unakI vidhivat pratiSThA hone ke bAda hI kI jAtI hai| jaba apratiSThita jinendra kI mUrti apUjya hotI hai, taba rAgI deva-devI kI apratiSThita mUrti pUjya kaise ho sakatI hai? yaha to mahAviparItatA hai| rAgI devI-deva kI mUrti kI yadi pratiSThA bhI karA dI jAya taba bhI usase iSTa kI prApti nahIM ho sktii| 8. paMcakalyANakoM meM sUrimaMtra dene ke bAda hI mUrti pratiSThita hotI hai| sUrimaMtra kA saMbandha, jaisI jAnakArI milI hai kisI yakSa yA devatA se nahIM hotA jo mUrti meM atizaya utpanna karate hoN| yaha AdhArahIna kalpanA pratIta hotI hai| aneka Agama zAstroM ke jJAtA aura
Page #86
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 TIkAkAra vidvAna dvaya zrI paM. ToDaramala jI evaM paM. AzAdhara jI ko maMtra-taMtra mUr3ha kahanA, apane ajJAna kA pradarzana mAtra hai, vaha bhI usa vyakti dvArA jisakA jIvana DAla se TUTe patte ke samAna idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahA ho / bIsapaMtha ke paMDita kula meM utpanna hokara sva-ghoSaNAnusAra jo vyakti kramazaH rajanIza jI, kAnajI svAmI, terahapaMthI, bIsapaMthI, vaidika paMthI hokara vItarAgI paraMparAoM ko vikRta kara rahA, usake dvArA mahAn vidvAn paMDitoM ko mUr3ha kahanA ghora apamAnajanaka hai| ina vidvAnoM dvArA jitanA sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai usakA adhyayana, ciMtana, manana evaM hRdayaMgama karane meM mere jaise alpa buddhi vAloM ko aneka bhava laga jaayeNge| 86 9. yaha parikalpanA ayathArtha evaM Agamaviruddha hai ki dharaNendra va padmAvatI ke dvArA muni pArzvanAtha ko kamaTha ke upasarga se surakSita kara dene ke pazcAt muni pArzvanAtha zreNI ArohaNa ke yogya ho ske| isase yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki dharaNendra- padmAvatI yadi nahIM hote to muni pArzvanAtha vicalita ho gaye hote aura unheM kevalajJAna nahIM hotaa| vastutaH aisA vicAra vastu kI svataMtra sattA kI avadhAraNA ke viruddha aura vaidika saMskRti kI karttAvAdI avadhAraNA se prabhAvita hai| yaha prakArAntara se pArzvanAtha kA avarNavAda karanA hai| paMca pAMDavoM ko AtmadhyAnarata avasthA meM tapta lohe ke kar3e pahanA diye the| unakI sahAyatA ke liye koI zAsana rakSaka deva sAmane nahIM aayaa| bhagavAna neminAtha ke yakSa - yakSI bhI bekhabara rhe| phira bhI, yudhiSThira, arjuna aura bhIma munirAja zreNI ArohaNakara mukta ho gye| yadi dharaNendra- padmAvatI munirAja pArzvanAtha kA upasarga dUra karane kI bhAvanA se nahIM Ate taba bhI AtmadhyAnarata munirAja pArzvanAtha zreNI ArohaNa kara lete| ina do kAryoM ke madhya kAraNa-kArya saMbandha nahIM hai| sAmAnyajana ko kutarkoM se bhramita karanA dharma-dveSa kA kArya hotA hai| 10. devaloka ke varNana meM cAroM prakAra ke devoM ke svarUpa, unake bheda, unakI zaktiyAM, unakI sthiti Adi ke bAre meM vistRta varNana tiloyapaNNatti evaM anya graMthoM meM diyA gayA hai| usa stara ke anurUpa apane padAnusAra devoM kI kArya vyavasthA prabhAvazIla rahatI hai| kisI kI kalpanA mAtra se koI deva maMtrI yA senApati nahIM ho jaataa| jinendra bhagavAn kA zAsana sva rakSita hai| usakI rakSA kisI deva yA manuSya ke adhIna nahIM hai| jaina zAsana kA svarUpa jagat ke zAsana se bhinna hai| devoM ko jinazAsana kA rakSaka banAkara unakA upahAsa ur3AnA hai aura jainazAsana ko hIna siddha karanA hai| senApati aura maMtrI jamAta ke rUpa meM nahIM hote| kucha viziSTa hI hote haiN| 11. jinazAsana kI paraMparA hai ki ucca pada vAle mahAnubhAvoM kA nimna pada vAle vinaya/sammAna karate haiN| mithyAdRSTi se samyagdRSTi zreSTha hotA hai| samyagdRSTi asaMyamI se saMyamI vratI zreSTha hotA hai saMyamIvratI se gRhatyAgI aTThAIsa mUlaguNa dhArI zreSTha aura pUjya hotA hai| guNa ke anusAra vinaya kI pAtratA hotI hai| isI kAraNa indra aura cakravartI tIrthaMkara ko namana aura pUjA karate haiN| yahI nahIM dekhate ki tIrthaMkara ke jIva kA laukika jagat meM kyA pada yA vaibhava thA yakSa-yakSI, devI-devatA, midhyAdRSTi / samyagdRSTi asaMyamI kI
Page #87
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 87 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 zreNI meM Ate haiM, isase adhika pada unakA nahIM hai| saMyamI, vratI aura munijana yadi inakI upAsanA/stuti karate haiM to ve nizcita hI jinendramudrA meM jaina-bAhya sAdhaka haiN| 12. sarvANha yakSa kI Ar3ha meM upalakSaNa nyAya ke nAma para tIrthakara ke yakSa-yakSI evaM kSetrapAlAdi sabhI (kathita) rakSaka devoM ko zAsana rakSaka mAnanA binA ATe ke roTI banAne jaisA hai| prathama, sarvANha-sanatkumAra yakSa dharma rakSaka nahIM kahe gaye haiM aura yadi kisI bhrama ke kAraNa dharma rakSaka mAne bhI jAveM taba inakA kartavya unake jIvana kAla meM una taka hI sImita rhegaa| dUsarA sRjana-rakSaNa-saMhAra kI mAnyatAe~ vaidika saMskRti kI hai jo gRhIta mithyAtva kI janaka haiN| dezanAlabdhi se ina mAnyatAoM kA visarjana ho jAtA hai| prAyogya labdhi gRhIta mithyAdRSTi ko nahIM hotii| gRhIta mithyAtva ke nivAraNa hetu pUjya-apUjya kA saviveka nirNaya apekSita hai| 13. 'dIpAvalI pUjanam' ke pRSTha 5 evaM pRSTha 47-48 ke madhya meM pUjya AcArya zvetapicchAcArya zrI vidyAnaMda jI munirAja ke mata ke rUpa meM likhA hai ki AcArya zrI ne 'vizvaprasiddha padmAvatI kI dena' meM zAsana devatAoM ko pUjya siddha kiyA hai aura pustaka kA mUlya 'eka puSpa car3hAkara dharaNendra padmAvatI ke prati apanI kRtajJatA vyakta kareM' rakhA hai| isa pustaka kI viSaya vastu kA adhyayana kiyaa| isameM kahIM bhI aisA ullekha nahIM hai, jisase yaha dhvanita yA siddha ho ki pUjya AcAryazrI ne zAsana devatAoM ko 'pUjya' siddha kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha to saMgraha-pustikA hai| pustaka kA prakAzana 'zrI digambara jaina padmAvatI puravAla dillI' ne kiyA hai| pustaka-lekhana aura prakAzana do alaga vyavasthAeM haiN| lekhaka kA isameM koI sarokAra nahIM rahatA ki pustaka kA mUlya kyA ho? sazulka yA ni:zulka bheMTa dI jAye, isakA nirNaya prakAzaka kA hotA hai| prakAzaka ke nirNaya se lekhaka/saMgrahakartA sahamata ho yaha Avazyaka nhiiN| ukta pustaka kA mUlya prakAzaka ne dharaNendra-padmAvatI ke prati kRtajJatA svarUpa eka puSpa caDhAne kA sujhAva diyA hai| laukika dharAtala para eka sAdharmI bandhu ke prati kRtajJatA aneka prakAra se jJApita kI jAtI hai| AgaMtuka kA svAgata puSpahAra se bhI karate haiN| isase samIcIna zraddhA kA koI saMbandha nahIM hotaa| ataH saMdarbhita prakaraNa meM, uktAnusAra 'dIpAvalI pUjanam' ke lekhaka ne AcArya zrI ke bAre meM jo niSkarSa grahaNa kiyA, vaha sahI evaM ucita nahIM hai| AcArya zrI Agama ke marmajJa haiM unakI sahamati ke binA aise manamAne niSkarSa nikAlanA kisI nispRhI vyaktitva ko vivAdita karane jaisA 14. ArSa paraMparA ke samarthaka aura karaNAnuyoga ke udbhaTa vidvAna sva. zrI paM. ratanacanda jaina mukhtAraH vyaktitva aura kRtitva (dvitIya saMskaraNa) kA prathama khaMDa sAmane hai| pRSTha 619 para prakAzita zaMkA-samAdhAna yathAvat isa prakAra hai zaMkA- padmAvatI Adi deviyAM pUjanIya haiM yA nahIM ? samAdhAna- padmAvatI Adi deviyA~ paMcaparameSThiyoM meM garbhita nahIM hotii| isaliye arahanta Adi parameSThI kI taraha ve pUjanIya nahIM hai kintu ve jainadharma kI anuyAyI haiM, sAdharmI haiM
Page #88
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 88 anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 isalie ve AdaraNIya haiN| pratiSThA pATha Adi meM inakA AhvAna rakSA hetu kiyA jAtA hai| pRSTha 620 meM caturnikAya devoM kI pUjyatA ke bAre meM kahA hai- 'pUjyatA kI apekSA zrI arahaMta bhagavAn ko sudeva aura rAgIdveSI ko 'kudeva' kahA hai| caturnikAya ke devoM ke devAyu Adi kA udaya hone se unako deva kahA hai| pUjyatA kI apekSA se unako deva nahIM kahA gayA hai|' kyA paM. ratanacanda jI mukhtAra sAhaba ko bhI taMtra-maMtra mUr3ha kahA jAyegA ? upasaMhAra manuSya loka ke tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA devaloka ke sabhI jIvoM dvArA pratidina bhakti pUrvaka kI jAtI hai| jinendra bhagavAn unake upAsya haiM, devagaNa upAsaka devaloka meM devI-devatAoM, yakSa-yakSaNI Adi kI upAsanA nahIM kI jaatii| vahAM koI zAsanarakSaka bhI nahIM hotaa| devaloka ke jinAlayoM kI anukRti kara manuSyaloka meM jinendra deva ke alAvA kisI anya devI-devatA, yakSa yakSaNI kI pUjA yA upAsanA karanA ghora vidrUpatA evaM Agama-viruddha kArya hai| manuSya bhava smhaaleN| jo kArya asaMyamI deva nahIM karate, vaha kArya saMyama sAdhaka manuSya kaise kara sakate haiM? zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRtiyoM meM AdhArabhUta aMtara hai| vaidika saMskRti ke pratimAnoM, upAsya-upAsanA kI paddhati kA zramaNa saMskRti meM samAveza karane kA prayAsa ucita nahIM hai| devaloka meM kauna upAsya hai aura kauna anupAsya hai| isakA Agamika varNana kiyA hai| isameM sudhAra hetu pAThakoM ke sujhAva AmaMtrita haiN| -bI-369, o. pI. ema. kAlonI, posTa- amalAI, jilA-zahaDola (4030)-484117
Page #89
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattvArthasUtra meM dravya vimarza - Aloka kumAra jaina bhArata kI darzana paramparA atiprAcIna hai| bhAratIya AsthA evaM paramparA kI AdhArazilA darzana para sthApita hai athavA anyonyAzraya sambandha kahanA adhika ucita hogaa| darzana kI dhurI dravya, tattva, padArtha ke kendra para hI ghUmatI hai| dravya zabda kevala darzana kA hI nahIM, apitu bhAratIya vAGmaya, saMskRta, pAli, prAkRta Adi samasta prAcIna zAstrIya bhASAoM kA atyanta pracalita zabda hai| cAhe kAvya ho yA vyAkaraNa, tattvamImAMsA ho yA AyurvedazAstra, inameM dravya kA bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM prayoga hotA hai| pANinI ne bhI dravya kI vyutpatti do prakAra se batalAI hai taddhita meM aura kRdanta prakaraNa meM / taddhita meM bhI do prakAra se hai- prathama vRkSa yA kASTha kA vikAra yA avayava dravya hai| dvitIya-jisa prakAra lakar3I manacAhA AkAra grahaNa kara letI hai usI prakAra dravya bhI hotA hai| kRdanta prakaraNa ke anusAra dravya kI utpatti dru dhAtu se karmArthaka 'yat' pratyaya se hotI hai jisakA abhiprAya hai prAptiyogya arthAt jise aneka avasthAyeM prApta hotI haiN| dArzanika paribhASA meM dravya isa prakAra paribhASita kiyA gayA hai- "adravyat dravati droSyati tAstAn paryAyAn iti dravyam" arthAt jo vibhinna avasthAoM ko prApta ho rahA hai aura hogA vaha dravya hai| jo avasthAoM ke vinAza hote rahane para bhI dhruva banA rahatA hai vaha dravya hai| sat sattA athavA astitva dravya kA svabhAva hai| vaha anya sAdhana kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| ataH anAdi ananta hai| eka dravya dUsare dravya se utpanna nahIM hotaa| sabhI dravya svabhAva siddha haiM kyoMki ve saba anAdinidhana haiN| anAdinidhana ko kisI anya kI apekSA nahIM hotii| dravya sadaiva sthAyI rahatA hai| sabhI bhAratIya darzana dravya kI mImAMsA karate haiM kyoMki yahI dArzanika mImAMsA kA pramukha srota hai| dArzanika dRSTi jagat, jIva, usake du:kha aura du:khoM ke upAya ke irda girda hI ghUmatI hai| uddezya rUpa dravya ke viSaya meM kisI bhI darzana kA matabheda nahIM hai parantu dravya ke svarUpa evaM bheda meM matabheda dRSTavya hai| jAti kI apekSA jIva pudgala Adi jitane padArtha haiM ve saba dravya kahalAte haiN| dravya zabda meM do artha chipe haiM- dravaNazIlatA aura dhruvtaa| jagat kA pratyeka padArtha pariNamanazIla hokara bhI dhruva hai| ata: use dravya kahate haiN| Azaya yaha hai ki pratyeka padArtha apane guNoM aura paryAyoM kA kabhI ullaMghana nahIM karatA hai| cU~ki prastuta zodha-Alekha kA viSaya dravya para AdhArita hai etadartha yahA~ tattvArthasUtra ke pariprekSya meM isakA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra ke paMcama adhyAya meM dravya ke do lakSaNoM ko varNita kiyA hai| jinameM se prathama lakSaNa hai "saddavya lakSaNam' arthAt sat dravya kA lakSaNa
Page #90
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 90 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 hai| sat kA svarUpa varNita karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki- utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM st| arthAt jo utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hotA hai vaha dravya kahalAtA hai| yahAM AcArya kA Azaya yaha hai ki jo bhI dravya kI saMjJA ko prApta hai vaha ina tInoM se yukta avazya hI hotA hai| ye tInoM eka-dUsare ke avinAbhAvI haiN| ina tInoM avasthAoM kA svarUpa isa prakAra hai utpAda- dravya kI navIna paryAya kA utpanna honA utpAda kahalAtA hai| jaise- naraka se manuSya paryAya meM utpanna honA, manuSya paryAya kA utpAda hai| vyaya- dravya kI pUrva paryAya kA vinAza ho jAnA vyaya kahalAtA hai| jaise- naraka se manuSya paryAya meM utpanna honA, naraka paryAya kA vyaya hai| - dhrauvya- jo dravya kI donoM paryAyoM meM sarvadA rahatA hai vaha dhrauvya hai| jaise- naraka se manuSya paryAya meM utpanna ho, ina donoM avasthAoM meM jIva nitya vidyamAna rahatA hai yaha dhrauvya hai| yahAM naraka paryAya kA vyaya ho rahA hai, manuSya paryAya kA utpAda ho rahA hai phira bhI donoM avasthAoM meM vahI jIva vidyamAna rahatA hai| jo-jo bhI dravya haiM ve ina tIna guNoM sahita avazya hI hoNge| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI likhate haiM ki- ghaTa, mauli aura suvarNa ko cAhane vAloM ko ina tInoM nAza, utpAda aura sthiti meM zoka, pramoda aura mAdhyastha bhAva ko loga nimitta sahita prApta karate haiN| jisake dugdha lene kA vrata hai vaha dahI nahIM letA, jisake dahI lene kA vrata hotA hai vaha dugdha nahIM letaa| jisakA gorasa na lene kA vrata hai vaha donoM nahIM letaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki vastutattva trayAtmaka hai| dvitIya lakSaNa ko lakSita karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki- "guNaparyayavad dravyam' arthAt guNa aura paryAya vAlA jo hai vaha dravya hai| yahAM AcArya umAsvAmI mahArAja kA Azaya yaha hai ki jo guNa aura paryAya se sahita hotA hai vaha dravya kahalAtA hai| pratyeka dravya guNa aura paryAyoM kA samUha hai| jaise- jIva meM jJAna aura darzana guNa haiM aura matijJAnAdi evaM cakSudarzanAdi paryAyeM hotI haiN| yaha dravya kA lakSaNa pUrva lakSaNa se bhinna nahIM hai| sirpha zabda bheda hai, arthabheda nahIM hai kyoMki paryAya se utpAda aura vyaya kI tathA guNa se dhrauvya artha kI pratIti ho jAtI hai| isI prasaMga meM AcArya kundakunda svAmI likhate haiM ki davvaM sallakkhaNiyaM uppaadvvydhuvttsNjuttN| guNa pajjayAsayaM vA jaM taM bhaNNaMti svvnnhuu|| arthAt jo sattA hai lakSaNa jisakA aisA hai, usa vastu ko sarvajJa vItarAga deva dravya kahate haiN| athavA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyasaMyukta dravya kA lakSaNa kahate haiN| athavA guNa paryAya kA jo AdhAra hai usako dravya kA lakSaNa kahate haiN| yahAM guNa kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki- "dravyAzrayA nirguNA gunnaaH|" arthAt jo dravya ke Azraya se rahate haiM aura jo anya guNoM meM nahIM pAye jAte haiM ve guNa kahalAte haiN| jaise- jIva ke jJAnAdi guNa, pudgala ke sparzAdi gunn| ye sparzAdi guNa sirpha pudgala dravya ke Azraya se hI rahate haiM inameM jJAnAdi guNa nahIM pAye jA sakate / isameM yaha vizeSatA hai ki dravya kI aneka paryAya palaTate rahane para bhI jo dravya se kabhI pRthak
Page #91
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 na hoM, nirantara dravya ke sAtha raheM use guNa kahate haiN|" guNa do prakAra ke hote haiM- sAmAnya guNa aura vizeSa gunn| sAmAnya guNa- jo guNa sabhI dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM unheM sAmAnya guNa kahate haiN| jaise- astitva, vastutva aadi| vizeSa guNa- jo guNa eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se pRthak karate haiM ve vizeSa guNa kahalAte haiN| jaise- jJAna, darzana, sparza, gati aadi| paryAya kA varNana karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki tadbhAvaH pariNAma:' arthAt usakA honA athavA pratisamaya badalate rahanA pariNAma hai aura pariNAma ko hI paryAya kahA jAtA hai| yahAM AcArya yaha kahanA cAhate haiM ki guNoM ke pariNamana ko paryAya kahate haiN| dravya ke vikAra vizeSa rUpa se bheda ko prApta hote rahate haiM ata: ye paryAya kahalAte haiN| jo sarva ora se bheda ko prApta kare vaha paryAya hai| AcArya devasena svAmI ke anusAra guNoM ke vikAra ko paryAya kahate haiN| arthAt jaba guNoM meM kisI prakAra kI vikRti AtI hai to usako hI paryAya kahate haiN| ina saba AcAryoM ke dvArA batAye gaye svarUpa meM eka bAta sAmAnya yaha hai ki pariNamana zabda kA prayoga pratyeka AcArya ne kiyA hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pariNamana kA nAma hI paryAya hai| ataH jo dravya meM svabhAva aura vibhAva rUpa se sadaiva pariNamana karatI rahatI hai athavA jo dravya meM krama se eka ke bAda eka AtI rahatI hai use paryAya kahate haiN| dravya ke sAmAnya-vizeSa guNa evaM paryAyoM ko vizeSa rUpa se jAnane ke icchukajana AlApapaddhati nAmaka grantha jo ki AcArya devasena svAmI dvArA racita hai, kA adhyayana kreN| AcArya kahate haiM ki- jaise gorasa apane dUdha-dahI-ghI Adika paryAyoM se judA nahIM hai, usI prakAra dravya apanI paryAyoM se judA arthAt pRthak nahIM hai aura paryAya bhI dravya se jude nahIM haiN| isI prakAra dravya aura paryAya kI ekatA hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki-dravya aura guNoM kI ekatA hai| jaise-eka Ama dravya hai aura usameM sparza,rasa,gandha,varNa guNa haiN| yadi Ama na ho to jo sparzAdi guNa haiM, unakA abhAva ho jAya kyoMki Azraya ke binA guNa nahIM raha sakate haiM aura yadi sparzAdi guNa na hoM to Ama kA abhAva ho jAyegA kyoMki apane guNoM se hI Ama kA astitva hai| dravya ke bheda - dravya ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda kahe gaye haiM jIvadravya aura ajIva drvy| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne dravya ke do bhinna rUpa se bhI bheda mAne haiM- saMyoga dravya aura samavAya drvy| saMyoga dravya- alaga-alaga sattA vAle dravyoM ke mela se jo utpanna ho use saMyoga dravya kahate haiN| jaise- daNDI, chatrI, mauli| samavAya dravya- jo dravya meM samaveta ho arthAt kathaJcit tAdAtmya rakhatA ho use samavAya dravya kahate haiN| jaise- galakaNDa, kAnA, kubar3A aadi| ajIva dravya ke punaH pA~ca bheda hote haiM- pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kaal|"
Page #92
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 92 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 ataH sAmAnya se dravya ke 6 bheda bhI kahe jAte haiN| aba ina chahoM bhedoM ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki jIvadravya- "upayogo lakSaNam' arthAt jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai| yahAM AcArya kA Azaya yaha hai ki jo upayoga arthAt AtmA ke anuvidhAyI (sAtha-sAtha rahane vAlA) pariNAma se sahita hai use jIva kahate haiN| vaha upayoga do prakAra kA batAyA gayA hai| jJAnopayoga aura drshnopyog| ye bhI ATha aura cAra bheda vAle haiN| kisI vastu kA jAnanA jJAnopayoga kahalAtA hai aura kisI vastu kA jAnane se pahale jo sAmAnya avalokana karanA hai vaha darzana kahalAtA hai| jJAna sAkAra, savikalpaka aura darzana nirAkAra, nirvikalpaka hotA hai, yahI donoM meM antara hotA hai| anya lakSaNa bhI kaI AcAryoM ne pradarzita kiye haiM- cetanA jisakA lakSaNa hai vaha jIva hai| jo jItA thA, jItA hai, jIvegA, vaha jIva kahalAtA hai| AcArya nemicandra svAmI ne 9 adhikAroM meM jIva ke svarUpa ko batAyA hai| ve kahate haiM kijIva, upayogamaya, amUrtika, kartA, svadehaparimANa, bhoktA, saMsArastha, siddha, svabhAva se Urdhvagamana, ina nava adhikAroM meM jIva ke svarUpa ko batAyA gayA hai| jIva ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya nemicandra svAmI likhate haiM ki jo tInoM kAloM meM indriya, bala, Ayu aura zvAsocchavAsa se jItA hai vaha vyavahAra naya se jIva hai aura nizcayanaya se jo cetanA se sahita hai vaha jIva hai|' jIva ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda haiM- saMsArI aura mukt| jo karmoM se sahita haiM, isI saMsAra meM cAroM gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karate hue duHkha prApta karate rahate haiM ve saMsArI jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise- manuSya, tiryaJca, nArakI, deva aadi| jo AThoM karmoM se rahita hote haiM, lauTakara isa saMsAra meM kabhI nahIM AyeMge ve mukta jIva kahalAte haiN| jaise- siddha jiiv| pudgaladravya - "sparza-rasa-gandha-varNavantaH pudgalA:"17 yahAM AcArya umAsvAmI pudgala dravya kA svarUpa batAte hue likhate haiM ki jo sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa vAlA hai vaha pudgaladravya kahalAtA hai| sparza ATha prakAra kA hai- halkA, bhArI, rUkhA, cikanA, kar3A, narama, ThaNDA, grm| rasa pAMca prakAra kA hai- khaTTA, mIThA, kar3avA, kaSAyalA, crpraa| gandha do prakAra kI haisugandha aura durgndh| varNa pA~ca prakAra kA hai- kAlA, pIlA, nIlA, lAla, sapheda / ina bIsa paryAyoM meM se yathAyogya bhedoM se jo sahita hotA hai vaha pudgala kahalAtA hai| AcArya akalaMka svAmI pudgala kA svarUpa kahate haiM ki- bheda aura saMghAta se pUraNa aura galana ko prApta hoM ve pudgala haiN| athavA jIva jinako zarIra, AhAra, viSaya aura indriya upakaraNa Adi ke rUpa meM nigale arthAt grahaNa kareM ve pudgala haiN| pudgala ke cAra bheda AcArya kundakunda svAmI ne kahe haiM-skandha, skandhadeza, skandha pradeza aura prmaannu| ananta samasta paramANuoM kA milakara eka piNDa banatA hai use skandha kahate haiN| pudgala skandha kA AdhA bhAga skandhadeza kahalAtA hai| skandha ke Adhe kA AdhA arthAt cauthAI bhAga skandhapradeza hai aura jisakA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA vaha paramANu hai|" pudgala dravya ke do bheda haiM - aNu aura skandhA
Page #93
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 aNu- eka pradeza meM hone vAle sparzAdi paryAya ko utpanna karane kI sAmarthya rUpa se jo kahe jAte haiM ve aNu kahalAte haiN| isakA vizeSa svarUpa pradarzita karate hue AcArya kundakunda svAmI likhate haiM attAdi attamajjhaM attaMtaM Neva iMdiyegejhaM / jaM davvaM avibhAgI taM paramANuM viaannaadi||21 arthAt jisakA Adi, madhya aura anta eka hai aura jise indriyAM grahaNa nahIM kara sakatIM aisA jo vibhAga rahita dravya hai use paramANu jAnanA caahiye| sarala bhASA meM jisakA koI dUsarA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA vaha aNu hai| skandha- jinameM sthUla rUpa se pakar3anA, rakhanA Adi vyApAra kA skandhana arthAt saMghaTanA hotI hai ve skandha kahalAte haiN| athavA do yA do se adhika paramANuoM ke samUha ko skandha kahate haiN| skandha ke 6 bheda haiM__1. bAdara-bAdara- jo pudgalapiNDa do khaNDa karane para apane Apa phira nahIM milate haiM ve bAdara-bAdara skandha kahalAte haiN| jaise- kASTha, paassaannaadi| 2. bAdara- jo pudgalapiNDa khaNDa-khaNDa kiye jAne para bhI apane Apa mila jAte haiM ve bAdara skandha kahalAte haiM / jaise dugdha, ghRta, tela aadi| 3. bAdara-sUkSma- jo dekhane meM to sthUla hoM kintu hastAdika se grahaNa karane meM nahIM Ate, ve bAdara-sUkSma skandha haiN| jaise- dhUpa, candramA kI cAMdanI aadi| 4. sUkSmabAdara- jo hote to sUkSma haiM parantu sthUla jaise pratibhAsita hote haiM ve sUkSma-bAdara kahe jAte haiN| jaise- sparza, rasa, gandha, zabda aadi| 5. sUkSma- jo atisUkSma haiM aura indriyoM se grahaNa karane meM bhI nahIM Ate haiM ve sUkSma kahalAte haiN| jaise- karmavargaNA aadi| 6. sUkSma-sUkSma- jo karmavargaNAoM se bhI atisUkSma haiM ve sUkSma-sUkSma skandha kahalAte haiN| jaise- dvayaNuka skandha aadi| aNu kI utpatti bheda se aura skandha kI utpatti bheda, saMghAta aura bheda-saMghAta se hotI hai| pudgala dravya kI mukhya rUpa se 10 paryAyeM haiM- zabda, bandha, saumya, sthaulya, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, Atapa, udyot| pudgala saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta pradezI hote haiN| aNu eka pradezI hotA hai phira bhI upacAra se usako bahupradezI kahA gayA hai| pudgala dravyoM ke upakAroM kA ullekha karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki zarIra, vacana, mana, zvAsocchavAsa, sukha, du:kha, jIvana, maraNa ye pudgala ke upakAra haiN| dharmadravya- jo jIva aura pudgaloM ko calane meM udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai vaha dharmadravya hai| jaise- machalI ko pAnI, pataMga ko havA, relagAr3I ko paTarI aadi| yahAM vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki dharmadravya mAtra calate hue jIva-pudgala ko hI sahAyatA karatA hai, nahIM calane vAle ko jabaradastI nahIM calAtA hai| ataeva gati meM udAsIna kAraNa hotA hai dhrmdrvy|
Page #94
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 94 anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 dharmadravya kI sattA vaijJAnika bhI Ithara nAmaka padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| dharmadravya tInoM lokoM meM tila meM tela ke samAna bharA huA hai| yaha eka hI dravya hai| yaha asaMkhyAta pradezI hotA hai kyoMki lokAkAza ke bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM aura yaha sampUrNa lokAkAza meM phailA huA hai isalie yaha asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA hai| adharma dravya- jo jIva aura pudgaloM ko Thaharane meM udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai vaha adharmadravya hai| jaise- pathika ko Thaharane meM vRkSa kI chAyA sahAyaka hotI hai| yahAM para bhI vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki adharmadravya mAtra Thaharate hue jIva aura pudgala ko hI Thaharane meM sahAyaka hai na ki kisI ko jabaradastI rokatA hai kyoMki yaha Thaharane meM udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai sakriya rUpa se nhiiN| yaha dravya bhI sampUrNa lokAkAza meM tila meM tela ke samAna bharA huA hai| isalie yaha bhI asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA hai| yaha dravya bhI eka hI hai| AkAzadravya- jo samasta dravyoM ko Thaharane ke lie avagAha arthAt sthAna detA hai use AkAzadravya kahate haiN| yaha dravya bhI eka hI hai| parantu jitane sthAna meM chahoM dravya pAI jAtI haiM vaha lokAkAza kahalAtA hai aura zeSa bhAga alokAkAza kahalAtA hai| vaise to AkAza dravya ananta pradezI hai parantu lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradeza vAlA hai| alokAkAza meM mAtra AkAza hI AkAza hai vahAM anya koI bhI dravya nahIM pAI jAtI hai| avagAhanatva AkAzadravya kA upakAra hai| kAladravya- jo svayaM palaTate hue anya dravyoM ko bhI palaTane meM sahAyaka hotA hai use kAladravya kahate haiN| kAladravya ke do bheda haiM- vyavahArakAla aura nizcayakAla / vyavahArakAla- jo krama se atisUkSma hotA huA pradarzita hotA hai vaha vyavahAra kAla kahalAtA hai| yadyapi vyavahArakAla, nizcayakAla kA paryAya hai tathApi jIva-pudgala ke pariNAmoM se vaha jAnA jAtA hai| isalie jIva-pudgaloM ke navajIrNatA rUpa se kahA jAtA hai ki ghar3I, ghaNTA, mahInA, varSa Adi ko vyakta karatA hai vaha vyavahArakAla hai| nizcayakAla- vartanA hI lakSaNa hai jisakA vaha hai nishcykaal| vyavahArakAla kA jo AdhAra hai athavA hetu hai vaha nizcayakAla kahalAtA hai| yaha nitya hai, kyoMki vaha apane guNa-paryAya svarUpa dravya se sadA avinAzI hai| nizcayakAla samayAdi vyavahArakAla meM avinAbhAva nimitta hone se astitva ko dhAraNa karatA hai kyoMki paryAya se paryAyI kA astitva jJAta hotA hai| kAladravya ratnoM kI rAzi ke samAna eka pradezI hotA hai parantu ananta samaya vAlA hotA hai isalie eka pradezI hone ke kAraNa isako kAyavAn nahIM kahA gayA hai| yaha astikAya kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA gyaa| vartanA, pariNAma, kriyA, paratva aura aparatva ye kAladravya ke upakAra haiN| dravyoM kI vizeSatAyeM- parimANa kI apekSA se kathana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki jIva aura pudgala dravya anaMtAnaMta haiM, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya eka-eka haiM evaM kAla dravya asaMkhyAta haiN| mUrtika-amUrtika kI apekSA dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla amUrtika evaM pudgala mUrtika aura jIva dravya mUrtika-amUrtika donoM hai| sakriyatA kI apekSA jIva aura pudgala dravya hI sakriya haiM zeSa cAroM dravya niSkriya haiN| pradezoM kI apekSA eka jIva,
Page #95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1 janavarI-mArca 2011 AkAza dharma aura adharma dravya asaMkhyAta pradezI haiM, AkAza dravya anaMta pradezI hai, kAla dravya eka pradezI hai evaM pudgala dravya eka saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anaMta pradezI hai| zuddhatA kI apekSA dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya sadA zuddha haiM evaM jIva aura pudgala zuddha-azuddha donoM hote haiN| cetanatA kI apekSA se jIvadravya mAtra cetana hai zeSa pA~coM dravya acetana haiN| jIvadravya karttA hai zeSa pA~coM dravya kAraNa haiN| upakAra kI apekSA jIva, mAtra jIvoM para hI upakAra karatA hai, pudgala, dharma aura adharma dravya jIva aura pudgala para upakAra karate haiM, dravya pA~coM dravyoM para aura kAladravya chahoM dravyoM para upakAra karatA hai| upakArI kI apekSA se jIva para chahoM dravya upakAra karate haiM, pudgala dravya para jIva ko chor3akara sabhI dravya, dharma aura adharma dravya para AkAza aura kAla dravya, AkAza dravya para kAladravya aura kAladravya para AkAza dravya upakAra karatA hai| bhedoM kI apekSA dharma aura adharma dravya ke koI bheda nahIM haiM evaM zeSa cAroM dravyoM ke bheda hote haiN| avagAhana kI apekSA se jIvadravya kA lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga meM asaMkhyAta bahubhAga meM aura sarvaloka meM rahane kA sthAna hai| pudgala dravya kA ekapradeza, saMkhyAtapradeza, asaMkhyAtapradeza meM hai, dharma, adharma dravya kA lokAkAza pramANa rahane kA sthAna hai| AkAza dravya sarvagata hai| kAla dravya ekapradeza pramANa hai| kAladravya ko chor3akara zeSa pA~coM dravya astikAya haiN| sAmAnya guNoM kI apekSA sabhI dravyoM ke 6 sAmAnya guNa haiN| vizeSa guNoM kI apekSA jIvadravya ke cAra jJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, pudgala ke cAra sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa, dharmadravya kA gatihetutva, adharmadravya kA sthitihetutva, AkAzadravya kA avagAhanatva aura kAladravya kA vartanAhetutva hai| svabhAvoM kI apekSA jIva aura pudgala ke 21 svabhAva haiM, dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya ke 16 evaM kAladravya ke 15 svabhAva haiN| paryAya kI apekSA dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla inakI ardhaparyAya hotI hai parantu jIva aura pudgala kI artha aura vyaJjana donoM paryAyeM hotI haiN| uhA~ dravyoM meM mAtra jIvadravya hI upAdeya hai evaM zeSa dravya jJeya haiN| 95 sabhI AcAryoM ne dravya ke svarUpa ko samAna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| sabhI ne guNa aura paryAya se sahita aura utpAda-vyaya-prauvya se jo sahita hai usI ko dravya mAnA hai| dravya ke bhedoM meM bhI kabhI bheda dikhAI nahIM die| 6 bheda AdinAtha svAmI ne batAye the to 6 bheda hI mahAvIra svAmI ne bhI batalAye / parantu anya darzanoM meM alaga-alaga bheda mAne gae haiM jinameM tarkasaMgraha meM varNita navabhedoM ko lagabhaga sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, dizA, kAla, AtmA aura mana ye nava dravya svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| inameM se pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu aura mana kA to pudgala meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / dravyamana kA pudgala meM aura bhAvamana kA jIva meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| dizA kA AkAza meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| zeSa to hama svIkAra hI karate haiN| isataraha dravyoM kI saMkhyA 6 hI upayukta hai| kAladravya ke viSaya meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM hI do mata haiN| eka mata to kAla ko dravya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai aura dUsarA mata kAla ko svatantra dravya nahIM mAnatA hai| dUsare mata ke anusAra sUryAdi ke nimitta se jo dina-rAta, ghar3I-ghaMTA, pala-vipala Adi rUpa
Page #96
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/1, janavarI-mArca 2011 kAla anubhava meM AtA hai, yaha saba pudgala kI paryAya hai| kintu vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki ina jIva-pudgala Adi dravyoM kA pariNamana kisake nimitta se hotA hai? yadi kahA jAya ki utpanna honA, vyaya honA aura dhruva rahanA yaha pratyeka dravya kA svabhAva hai to isake lie anya nimitta kI kyA AvazyakatA? to isake lie yaha tarka hai ki isa taraha sarvathA svabhAva se hI pratyeka dravya kA pariNamana mAnA jAtA hai to gati, sthiti aura avagAha ko bhI svabhAva se mAna lene meM kyA Apatti hai| isa avasthA meM mAtra jIva aura pudgala do dravya zeSa raheMgIM, zeSa kA abhAva ho jaayegaa| dravyoM se eka tathya dhyAtavya hai ki chahoM dravya loka meM ThasAThasa bhare hue haiM, eka-dUsare se mile hue haiM phira bhI ve apanA-apanA svarUpa nahIM chor3ate haiN| parantu yaha jIvadravya anya dravyoM ke kAraNa se apane svarUpa ko to nahIM chor3atA lekina unake kAraNa vikRta avazya ho jAtA hai| hameM kabhI bhI apane svarUpa ko na chor3akara mAtra svabhAva meM lIna rahanA cAhie tabhI hamArA kalyANa ho sakatA hai| saMdarbha sUcI: 1. ta.sU. 5/29 2. vahI 5/30 3. A. mI. 59-60 4. ta. sU. 5/38 5. sa.si. 5/2/267 6. paM.kA.gA.10, pra.sA. 2/3-4 7. ta.sU. 5/41 8. nyA. TIkA sUtra 78 9. ta.sU. 5/42 10. sa.si. 5/38/231 11. A.pa. sUtra 15 12. paM.kA. gAthA 13 13. dha. 1/1,1,1/17 14. ta.sU. 5/1,39 15. vahI 2/8 16. bR.dra.saM. gAthA 2-3 17. ta.sU. 5/23 18. ta.vA. 5/1/24 19. paM.kA. gA. 74 20. ta.sU. 5/25 21. niyamasAra gA.26 22. paM.kA. gA. 76 23. ta.sU. 5/19-20 24. vahI 5/22 -zodhArthI jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM, (rAjasthAna)
Page #97
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 Year-64, Volume-2 RNI No. 10591/62 anekAnta (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA ) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u. pra. ) April-June 2011 ISSN 0974-8768 Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile : 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI- 110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110002
Page #98
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 anekAnta ANEKANTA (jainavidyA evaM prAkata bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) (AQuarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) Founder saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. PhoolChand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro. ema.ela. jaina, naI dillI Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka/ Subsercription eka aMka-rupaye 20/- vArSika - ru. 80/ This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly - Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA - vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAna lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbho kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiM sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|
Page #99
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ munivara-stuti dhani te sAdhu rahata vanamAMhI dhani te sAdhu rahata vanamAMhI / / ttek|| zatru-mitra sukha dukha sama jAneM, darasana dekhata pApa palAhIM / / dhni..||1|| aTThAIsa mUlaguNa dhAreM, mana vaca kAya capalatA naahiiN| grISama zaila zikhA hima taTinI, pAvasa barakhA adhika sahAhIM / / dhni..||2|| krodha mAna chala lobha na jAneM, rAga doSa nAhIM una paahiiN| amala akhaMDita cidguNa maMDita brahmajJAna meM tIna rahAhIM / / dhni..||3|| teI sAdhu lahaiM kevala pada, ATha kATha daha zivapurI jaahiiN| "dyAnata' bhavi tinake guNa gAvai, pAvaiM ziva sukha du:kha nasAhIM / / dhni..||4|| - kavivara dyAnatarAya jI
Page #100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSaya munivara - stuti viSayAnukramaNikA 1. sarvArthasiddhi kA vRttivaiziSTya 2. jainadharma kI samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA ( AdipurANa ke pariprekSya meM ) 3. jaina dArzanikoM kA anya darzanoM ko trividha avadAna 4. viSayAnukramaNikA 7. 8. lekhaka kA nAma - zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM sAmAyika pratikramaNa svarUpa, vidhi tathA mahattva DaoN. zItala canda jaina 5. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke pariprekSya meM vaiyAvRtya: dAna bhI, dharma bhI Aloka kumAra jaina 6. tattvArthavArtika meM varNita zrutajJAna aura usakI dArzanika mImAMsA DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina nirmalA jaina mAnava dharma kI pRSThabhUmi: eka anuzIlana prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta kA prabhAva : eka samIkSA DaoN. Ananda kumAra jaina * DaoN. jayakumAra jaina -DaoN. zrImatI kRSNA jaina pro. sAgaramala jaina 9. zodha sAra, jaina dhyAna yoga kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (jJAnArNava ke pariprekSya meM) 12. akAlamaraNa: AcArya umAsvAmI kI dRSTi meM - DaoN. mukeza kumAra jaina 10. jIvana aura samAja kA AdhAra : anekAnta - DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina 11. jaina aparigraha kI avadhAraNA sUtrakRtAMga ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM pRSTha saMkhyA DaoN. vandanA mehatA pulaka goyala 3 4 5-18 19-29 30-38 39-46 47-54 55-64 65-69 70-72 73-81 82-87 88-91 92-96
Page #101
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sarvArthasiddhi kA vRttivaiziSTya -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA praNIta sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthasUtra para eka vRtti hai| isa vRtti kI mahattA isI se jAnI jA sakatI hai ki isake Upara aneka TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiN| samprati nimnalikhita TIkAyeM upalabdha haiM: 1. AcArya bhaTTAkalaMkadevakRta tattvArtharAjavArtika 2. AcArya prabhAcandraviracita tattvArthavRtti 3. paNDita jayacandra chAvar3AkRta bhASAvacanikA vRtti kA lakSaNa vRtti zabda vRt dhAtu se ktin pratyaya kA niSpanna rUpa hai| isakA TIkA evaM bhASya ke artha meM bhI prayoga hotA rahA hai| kahIM-kahIM vRtti ko vivRti yA vivaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| jisameM padoM kA Azraya lekara padasaMghaTanA ke aucitya ke sAtha pratyeka pada kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai, use vRtti kahate haiN| TIkA zabda TIk dhAtu se ka pratyaya evaM strItvavivakSA meM TAp karane para niSpanna hotA hai| TIk dhAtu bhvAdigaNI AtmanepadI hai jisakA artha gamana yA avagamana (jJAna) hai| isakI vyutpatti TIkyate gamyate granthArtho'nayA kI gaI hai| bhASya zabda bhAS dhAtu se Nyat pratyaya kA niSpanna rUpa hai| sUtroM kI aisI TIkA yA vRtti ko bhASya kahA jAtA hai, jisameM zabdazaH vyAkhyA evaM TippaNa hote haiN| kahA bhI gayA hai 'sUtrArtho varNyate yatra padaiH suutraanusaaribhiH| svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH|| kahIM vRtti evaM TIkA para bhASya likhe gaye haiM to kabhI bhASya para TIkAyeM bhI likhI gaI haiN| pAtaJjala mahAbhASya para kaiyaTa kI TIkA aura usa para nAgoji bhaTTa kI TippaNI atyanta prasiddha haiN| aisA pratIta hotA hai vyAkhyAkAroM ne apanI vyAkhyA ko kabhI vRtti, kabhI vivRti, kabhI TIkA, kabhI bhASya, kabhI vivaraNa, kabhI paJjikA to kabhI paJcikA kahA hai| zabdagata/ arthagata bhinnatA hone para bhI vyAvahArika bhinnatA dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| isI kAraNa kasAyapAhuDa meM vRttisUtra ke vizada vyAkhyAna ko TIkA kahA gayA hai 'vittisuttavivaraNAe ttiikaavvesaado|' (kasAyapAhuDa 2/1/22) bhASAtmaka vRttivaiziSTya AcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM puSpikA dI hai|
Page #102
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 isa samAptisUcaka puSpikA meM 'iti tattvArthavRttau sarvArthasiddhisaMjJAyAM prathamo'dhyAyaH' kahakara ise vRttigrantha svIkAra kiyA hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM prAyaH sUtra ke pratyeka pada kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| ataH isakI vRttitA suspaSTa hai| sarvArthasiddhi ke bhASAtmaka vRttivaiziSTya ko nimnalikhita binduoM ko AdhAra banAkara dekhA jA sakatA hai1. sugama padavinyAsa yadyapi sarvArthasiddhi tattvArthasUtra kI vRtti hai, ata: saiddhAntika pratipAdana ke kAraNa sarala padoM kA vinyAsa sarala nahIM hai, tathApi pUjyapAdAcArya ne TIkA graMtha hone para bhI maulikatA kI akSuNNatA hetu sugama padoM ko prayukta kiyA hai| utthAnikA meM hI kisI nikaTabhavya ne eka Azrama meM munipariSad ke madhya meM sthita eka nirgranthAcArya se jaba savinaya pUchA taba unake padoM kA vinyAsa sahaja hI zrotA yA pAThaka ke mana ko AkarSita karane meM samartha hai| yathA- bhagavan! kiM nu khalu Atmane hitaM syaaditi| sa Aha- mokSa iti| sa eva punaH pratyAha- kiM svarUpo'sau mokSaH, kazcAsya prAptyupAya iti| isI prakAra 'rUpiNaH pudgalAH' (tattvArthasUtra 5.5) kI vRtti bhI draSTavya hai rUpaM muurtirityrthH| kA mUrtiH ? rUpAdisaMsthAnapariNAmo muurtiH| rUpameSAmastIti ruupinnH| mUrtimanta ityrthH|.... 2. bahvarthapratipAdana sarvArthasiddhi vRtti ke avalokana se suspaSTa hotA hai ki isameM pUjyapAdAcArya ne alpa zabdoM ke prayoga dvArA bahu artha ko prakaTa kara diyA hai| isa prasaMga meM 'jIvAjIvAnavabandha saMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam' (tattvArthasUtra 1.4) kI vRtti draSTavya hai, jisameM unhoMne ati saMkSepa meM sAtoM tattvoM kI aisI paribhASAyeM prastuta kara dI haiM, jinheM 'gAgara meM sAgara' kahA jA sakatA hai| yathA tatra cetanAlakSaNo jiivH|.... tdvipryylkssnno'jiivH| zubhAzubhakarmAgamadvArarUpa aamrvH| AtmakarmaNoranyo'nyapradezAnupravezAtmako bndhH| AsravanirodhalakSaNaH sNvrH| ekadezakarmasaMkSayalakSaNA nirjraa| kRtsnakarmaviprayogalakSaNo mokssH| isI prakAra 'guNaparyayavadravyam' (tattvArthasUtra 5.38) kI vRtti bhI draSTavya hai 'guNAzca paryayAzca guNaparyayAste'sya santIti guNaparyayavadravyam.....ke guNA:? ke ca paryAyAH ? anvayino guNA vyatirekiNo pryaayaaH| aise hI aneka vAkyoM ko AdhAra banAkara zrI akalaMkadeva ne tattvArtharAjavArtika meM vistArapUrvaka bhASya kiyA hai| AcArya prabhAcandra ne tattvArthavRtti kA praNayana kiyA hai tathA paM. jayacandra chAvar3A ne bhASAvacanikA likhI hai| 3. mahattvapUrNa nirvacana sarvArthasiddhi meM zrI pUjyapAdAcArya ne jo nirvacana kiye haiM, ve sUtrakAra dvArA prayukta zabdoM ke hArda ko prakaTa karane meM pUrNatayA samartha to haiM hI, zrI pUjyapAdAcArya ke apratima
Page #103
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 bhASAjJAna ko prakaTa karate haiN| yathAdarzanam- svayaM pazyati, dRzyate'neneti dRSTimAtraM vaa| (1.1) jJAnam - jAnAti, jJAyate'nena jJaptimAtraM vaa| (1.1) cAritram - carati, caryate'nena caraNamAtraM vaa| (1.1) pApam - pAti rakSati AtmAnaM shubhaaditi| (6.3) puNyam - punAtyAtmAnaM pUyate'neneti vaa| (6.3) AtmA - akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtyakSa aatmaa| tameva pratiniyataM prtykssm| ( 1. 1) matiH - indriyairmanasA ca yathAsamartho manyate'nayA manute mananamAtraM vA mtiH| (1.9) isI prakAra pUjyapAdAcArya ne saikar3oM pAribhASika zabdoM ke kriyA ko AdhAra banAkara jo nirvacana kiye haiM, ve pazcAdvartI AcAryoM ko mArganirdezaka bane haiN| isI ko AdhAra banAkara unhoMne apanI TIkAyeM likhI haiN| 4. nirdoSa lakSaNa zrI pUjyapAdAcArya ne tattvArthasUtra kI vRtti karate samaya jinake lakSaNoM kA kathana kiyA hai, ve lakSaNa sarvathA avyApti evaM ativyApti doSoM se zUnya haiN| yathApramAdaH- kushlessvnaadrH| (8.1) pramAdaH- skssaaytvm| (7.13) yogaH- vAGmanaHkAyavargaNAnimitta aatmprdeshprissyndH| (2.26) prakRtiH- svbhaavH| nimbasya kA prakRtiH? tikttaa| guDasya kA prkRtiH| mdhurtaa| tathA jJAnAvaraNasya kA prakRtiH? arthaanvgmH|.... (8.3) sthiti:- kaalpricchedH| (1.7) upazamaH-Atmani karmaNa: svazakteH kaarnnvshaadnubhuutirupshmH| yathA katakAdidravyasambandhAdambhasi paMkasya upshmH| (2.1) kSayaH- AtyantikI nivRttiH| yathA tasminnevAmbhasi zucibhAjanAntasaMkrAnte pNksyaatyntaabhaavH| (2.1) 'pramANamakalaMkasya pUjyapAdasya lakSaNam' atyanta prasiddha hai| aneka lakSaNa to aise haiM, jinheM bhaTTa akalaMkadeva aura AcArya zrI prabhAcandra ne yathAvat sarvArthasiddhi se grahaNa kara liyA hai| katipaya sthala draSTavya haiN| sarvArthasiddhi tattvArtharAjavArtika (tattvArthasUtra 1.15 kI vRtti) viSayaviSayisannipAtasamayAnantara yathAvat grahaNa maadygrhnnmvgrhH| avagrahagRhIte'rthe tdvishessaakaangkssnnmiihaa| yathAvat grahaNa vizeSanirjJAnAdyAthAtmyAvagamanamavAyaH yathAvat grahaNa isa prakAra zabdasAmya ke sAtha-sAtha aneka sthaloM para bhAvasAmya bhI dikhalAI
Page #104
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 8 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 par3atA hai| aisA pratIta hotA jaise bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne sarvArthasiddhi kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie hI tattvArtharAjavArtika kI racanA kI ho| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke hI samAna AcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI tattvArthazlokavArtika meM sarvArthasiddhi ke aneka vAkyoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| yathA sarvArthasiddhi (tattvArthasUtra 9.6 kI vRtti) jAtyAdimadAvezAbhimAnAbhAvo maardvm| tattvArthazlokavArtika yathAvat yathAvat yogasyAvakratArjavam prakarSaprAptalobhAnnivRttiH zaucam / prakarSaprAptalobhanivRttiH zaucam / isI prakAra aneka sthaloM para AcArya vidyAnanda ne sarvArthasiddhi se zabdoM kA anuharaNa kiyA hai| bhAvasAmya to pade pade dekhA jA sakatA hai| 5. vyAkaraNavicakSaNatA - pUjyapAdAcArya eka dArzanika ke sAtha zreSTha vaiyAkaraNa bhI haiN| avaNabelagolA ke abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para jainendra vyAkaraNa ke racayitA pUjyapAdAcArya mAne jAte haiN| AcArya guNanandi ne jainendra prakriyA meM maMgalAcaraNa meM pUjyapAdAcArya ko namaskAra karate hue unake lakSaNa graMtha kA ullekha kiyA hai 'namaH zrIpUjyapAdAya lakSaNaM ydupkrmm| yadevAtra tadanyatra yannAtrAsti na tatkvacit // " (jinhoMne lakSaNa zAstra kI racanA kI hai, maiM una AcArya pUjyapAda ko praNAma karatA huuN| unake lakSaNa zAstra meM jo hai, vaha anyatra bhI hai aura jo isameM nahIM hai, vaha anyatra bhI nahIM hai|) AcArya pUjyapAda ne svaracita jainendra vyAkaraNa ke atirikta pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke sUtra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne 'saudharmezAna.... Adi (4.19) kI vRtti meM 'tadasminnastItyaN' tathA 'tasya nivAsaH' sUtroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inameM prathama kA rUpa pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI meM 'tadasminnastIti deze tannAmni (4.2.67) tathA jainendra vyAkaraNa meM 'tadasminnastIti deza: khau' (4.1.14 ) hai| ataH yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki unhoMne prathama sUtra kisase liyA hai| kintu dUsarA sUtra 'tasya nivAsaH' (4.2.69) to aSTAdhyAyI kA hI hai| kyoMki jainendra vyAkaraNa meM to 'tasya nivAsadUrabhavI' (5.1) kI vRtti meM ullikhita sUtra 'vizeSaNaM vizeSyeNa' jainendra vyAkaraNa kA hI hai, kyoMki aSTAdhyAyI meM yaha 'vizeSaNaM vizeSyeNa bahulam' hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM vyAkaraNa kI prayogakuzalatA ko dekhakara unake vaiyAkaraNatva kI svataH siddhi ho jAtI hai| vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya ke racayitA pataJjali AcArya pUjyapAda se pUrvavartI haiM yA pazcAdvartI- yaha kahanA anta: pramANoM ke abhAva meM asaMdigdha rUpa se saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu donoM meM atyanta sAmya dekhakara eka ne dUsare kA anuharaNa kiyA hai - yaha suspaSTa hai katipaya
Page #105
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 sthaloM ko tulanAtmaka rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA haisarvArthasiddhi vyAkaraNamahAbhASya 1. anantasya vidhirvA bhavati pratiSedho vaa| (sa.1.3, 1.14) (mahA. pR. 335) 2. bahurodano bahuH sUpa iti| (sa.1.16) (mahA. pR. 21) 3. kaariissorgnirdhyaapyti| (sa.5.22), mahA.3.1.2) 4. tadyathA saMgataM ghRtaM saMgataM tailmityucyte| ekIbhUtamiti gmyte| (sa.7.2)(mahA. 2.1.1) 5. kalpyo hi vAkyazeSo vAkyaM ca vktrydhiinm| (sa.9.2)(mahA. pra. 1.8) 6. anudarA knyeti| (sa.1.14) (mahA. pR. 42) 7. arthagatyarthaH shbdpryogH| (sa.1.33), (mahA.2.1.1) 8. ayaM me karNaH suSThu shrRnnoti| (sa.1.19), (mahA.1.2.2. pR. 59) 9. anenAkSNA suSThu pshyaami| anena karNena suSThu shrRnnomi| (sa.1.19) (mahA.1.2.2) 10. drutAyAM taparakaraNe mdhymvilmbityorupsNkhyaanm| (mahA.pra. 4.22) 11. tadbhAvastattvam (mahA. pR.59), tasya bhAvastattvam (sa.1.2) 12. avayavena vigrahaH samudAyaH samAsArthaH (sa.) (mahA.2.2.2) ukta samAna ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki pAtaJjala mahAbhASya aura sarvArthasiddhi meM paryApta zabda sAmya hai| kiJcit bhinnatA evaM kiJcit samAnatA vAle zabdasAmya ke saikar3oM udAharaNa dekhe jA sakate haiN| yadi pataMjali pUrvavartI haiM to pUjyapAdAcArya para anyathA pUjyapAdAcArya kA pataMjali para paryApta prabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai donoM hI sthitiyoM meM pUjyapAdAcArya kI vyAkaraNanadISNatA to siddha hai hii| somadeva ne zabdArNavacandrikA meM 'anupUjyapAdaM vaiyAkaraNAH' kahakara unake vyAkaraNa-naipuNya kI prazaMsA kI hai| 6. zaMkAnivAraNa sUtra kI saMracanA kA kArya atIva kaThina hotA hai| isa kAraNa sUtra meM kabhI-kabhI pAramparika Agama se virodha pratIta hone lagatA hai| aise sthaloM para sarvArthasiddhikAra pratyeka pada kA sAMgopAMga vyAkhyAna karate hue bar3I kuzalatA se zaMkA kA nivAraNa kara dete haiN| isa saMdarbha meM katipaya sthala draSTavya haiM 'saudharmezAna.....navasu graiveyakeSu.....' (4.19) sUtra meM 'navagraiveyakeSu' na kahakara donoM padoM ko pRthak-pRthak kahane kI saMgati ve 'navasu' pada se nau anudizoM kA grahaNa karake apanI kuzalatA kA paricaya dete haiN| anyathA sUtra meM nau anudizoM kA ullekha na honA pratyeka AgamAbhyAsI ke lie zaMkA utpanna kara sakatA thaa| isI prakAra 'pItamadmazuklalezyA dvitrizeSeSu' (4.22) kI vyAkhyA karate samaya zaMkA utpanna ho jAtI hai kyoMki Agama meM dvitIya kalpa taka pIta lezyA, bArahaveM taka padmalezyA tathA Age zukla lezyA mAnI gaI hai| sUtra kI zabdAvalI se aisI saMgati baiThAnA kaThina hai| taba ve saMgati baiThAte hue spaSTa kara dete haiMsaudharma, aizAna pIta lezyA sAnatkumAra, mAhendra pIta, padma lezyA
Page #106
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 brahma, brahmottara, lAntava, kApiSTha padma lezyA zukra, mahAzukra, zatAra, sahasrAra padma, zukla lezyA AnatAdi zukla lezyA anudiza evaM anuttara parama zukla lezyA yahA~ Agama kI rakSA ke sAtha sUtra kI jo saMgati baiThAI gaI hai, vaha una sabhI ke lie anukaraNIya hai, jo jarA-jarA sI bAta para AcAryoM kI kamiyA~ nikAlane meM buddhi kA vyAyAma karate haiN| 7. takavidagdhatA pUjyapAdAcArya kI tarkavidagdhatA Agama kI parirakSA ke lie surakSita hai| jaba unase pUchA gayA ki mizra lezyAyeM to kahI nahIM gaI haiM, taba unako kaise grahaNa kiyA hai? to ve turanta kahate haiM-sAhacaryAt lokvt| chatriNo gacchanti iti acchatriSu chtrvyvhaarH|' (4.22) arthAt sAhacaryavaza mizra lezyAoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| jaise loka chatrI (chAte vAle) jAte haiM aisA karane para achatriyoM meM bhI chatriyoM kA vyavahAra hotA hai| aisI tarkavidagdhatA vAstava meM kvacit kadAcit hI prApta hotI hai| 8. liMgabheda evaM vacanabheda kA spaSTIkaraNa sarvArthasiddhi vRtti kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki yadi kisI sUtra meM liMgabheda aura vacanabheda hai to usakA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM nimnalikhita sUtroM kI vRtti draSTavya haisUtra- 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| (1.1) vRtti- 'mArga iti caikavacananirdeza: samastasya maargbhvjnyaapnaarthH| tena vyastasya mArgatvanivRtiH kRtA bhvti| ataH samyagdarzanaM samyajJAnaM samyakcAritramityetat tritayaM samuditaM mokSasya sAkSAnmArgo veditvyH|( (sarvArthasiddhi,1.1) sUtra- 'jiivaajiivaasrvbndhsNvraanirjraamokssaastttvm|' (1.2) vRtti- "vizeSaNavizeSyasambandhe satyapi zabdazaktivyapekSayA upAttaliMgasaMkhyAvyatikramo na bhvti|' (sarvArthasiddhi,1.2) yahA~ liMga evaM vacana ke vyatikrama kI yuktiyuktatA spaSTa karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki 'ayaM kramaH AdisUtre'pi yojyH|' (sarvArthasiddhi,1.2) arthAt yaha krama prathama sUtra meM bhI lagA lenA caahie| isI prakAra anya sthaloM meM bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 9. 'ca' kA ekAdhika prayoga ke prayojana kA spaSTIkaraNa yadi kisI sUtra meM eka se adhika bAra ca zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to pUjyapAdAcArya ne usakA spaSTIkaraNa avazya kiyA hai| yathA-'aupazamikakSAyikau bhAvau mizrazca jIvasya svatattvamaudayikapAriNAmiko c'| (tattvArthasUtra 2.1) isa sUtra kI vRtti meM pUjyapAdAcArya do 'ca' ke prayoga kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki 'naivaM shngkym| anyaguNApekSayA iti prtiiyte| vAkye punaH eti 'ca' zabdena prakRtobhayAnukarSaH kRto bhvti|
Page #107
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 tarhi kSAyopazamikagrahaNameva kartavyamiti cet ? na gaurvaat|' (sarvArthasiddhi 2.1) arthAt aisI zaMkA nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki yadi sUtra meM 'ca' zabda na rakhakara dvandva samAsa karate to mizra kI pratIti anya guNa kI apekSA hotI / kintu vAkya meM 'ca' zabda ke rahane para prakaraNa meM Aye hue aupazamika aura kSAyika bhAva kA anukarSaNa ho jAtA hai| zaMkA- to phira sUtra meM kSAyopazamika pada kA hI grahaNa karanA cAhie thA? samAdhAnanahIM, kyoMki kSAyopazamika pada ke grahaNa karane meM gaurava doSa ho jaataa| 10. 'tu' zabda ke prayoga ke aucitya kA kathana sarvArthasiddhi kI bhASA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki yadi kisI sUtra meM 'tu' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai to usakI upayogitA para avazya prakAza DAlA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha 'trisaptanavaikAdazatrayodazapaJcadazabhiradhikAni tu|' (tattvArthasUtra 4.31 ) isa sUtra ke anta meM prayukta 'tu' zabda kI upayogitA spaSTa karate hue pUjyapAdAcArya likhate haiM 'tu' zabda vizeSaNArthaH / kiM vizinaSTi ? 'adhika' zabdo'nuvartamAnazcaturbhirabhisaMbadhyate, nottarAbhyAmityayamartho vishissyte|' (sarvArthasiddhi 4.31 ) arthAt sUtra meM tu zabda vizeSatA ko dikhalAne ke lie AyA hai zaMkA- isase kyA vizeSatA mAlUma par3atI hai? samAdhAna isase yahA~ yaha vizeSatA mAlUma par3atI hai ki adhika zabda kI anuvRtti hokara usakA saMbandha tri Adi cAra zabdoM se hotA hai, anta ke do sthitikalpoM se nhiiN| isa prakAra utkRSTa sthiti nimnalikhita hai| brahma evaM bola sAdhika dasa sAgaropama (7+3) / sAdhika caudaha sAgaropama (7+7) / sAdhika solaha sAgaropama (947) / sAdhika aThAraha sAgaropama (1147) | bIsa sAgaropama (13+7) / 1. bAIsa sAgaropama ( 15+7 pUrvasUtra ) / isa prakAra 'tu' ke prayoga kI upayogitA kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dArzanika vRttivaiziSTya lAntava evaM kApiSTha zukra evaM mahAzukra zatAra evaM sahasrAra Anata evaM prANata AraNa evaM acyuta 11 : 19 : 1: tattvArthasUtra jaina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdaka graMtha hai| isa para likhita TIkAoM meM 'sarvArthasiddhi' saMjJaka vRtti digambara paraMparA meM sabase prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| isameM tattvamImAMsA, pramANamImAMsA aura AcAramImAMsA ina jaina dharma-darzana ke tInoM pakSoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana huA hai| vRttikAra ne svayaM isakI prazaMsA karate hue granthAnta meM kahA haisvargApavargasukhamAptumanobhirAyai: jainendrazAsanavarAmRtasArabhUtA / sarvArthasiddhiriti sadbhirupAttanAmA tattvArthavRttiranizaM manasA pradhAryA // (sarvArthasiddhi, prazastipadya, 1 )
Page #108
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 arthAt svarga evaM mokSa ke icchuka Aryajana jinendra bhagavAn ke zAsana rUpI zreSTha amRta meM sArabhUta, logoM ke dvArA rakhe gaye sarvArthasiddhi nAma se prakhyAta isa tattvArthavRtti ko satata hRdaya se dhAraNa kreN| bhAratIya paramparA meM aneka darzanoM ne janma liyA hai, kintu cArvAka ko chor3akara sabhI kA lakSya mokSa kI prApti hai| sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAda ne yadyapi apanI tattvArthavRtti meM paramatakhaNDana ko mahattA na dekara svasiddhAntapratipAdana meM ruci rakhI hai, tathApi prasaMgavaza anya dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM kI bhI samIkSA kI hai| 1. bauddhadarzana samIkSA- sarvArthasiddhi kI utthAnikA meM mokSa evaM usakI prApti ke upAya ke prasaMga meM pUjyapAdAcArya ne 'pradIpanirvANakalpamAtmanirvANam' (jisa prakAra dIpaka bujha jAtA hai, usI prakAra AtmA kI saMtAna kA viccheda honA mokSa hai) kahakara mokSa ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM ke dRSTikoNa ko rakhA hai| mahAkavi azvaghoSa kahate haiM 'dIpo yathA nivRttimabhyupeto naivAvaniM gacchati naantrikssm| dizaM na kAJcid vidizaM na kAJcid snehakSayAt kevalameti shaantim| (saundarananda, 16/28) arthAt jaise nirvANa ko prApta dIpaka na pRthivI para rahatA hai, na AkAza meM jAtA hai, na kisI dizA yA vidizA meM, apitu tela ke samApta ho jAne se bujha jAtA hai (zAnti ko prApta kara letA hai)| isI abhiprAya ko pUjyapAdAcArya ne abhivyakta karate hue bauddhoM ke mokSaviSayaka isa vicAra kA 'kharaviSANakalpanA' (gadhe ke sIMgoM kI kalpanA) kahakara nirasana kiyA hai| bauddhadarzana meM sopAdhizeSa aura nirupAdhizeSa dvividha nirvANa svIkRta hai| prathama meM avidyA, tRSNA Adi AsravoM kA vinAza hotA hai, jabaki dvitIya meM cittasantati bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| dIpanirvANa kI taraha dvitIya nirvANa hai| prakRta meM isI nirupAdhizeSa nirvANa kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| jaina paraMparA meM pratyakSa evaM parokSa pramANoM ke saMdarbha meM akSa kA artha AtmA kiyA gayA hai| jabaki bauddha akSa kA artha indriya karake indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate haiN| pUjyapAdAcArya kA kahanA hai ki bauddhoM dvArA aisA mAnane para sarvajJatva ke abhAva tathA saba padArthoM ko kSaNika mAnane kI pratijJAhAni kA doSa upasthita ho jAtA hai| ata: unakA pratyakSa pramANa kA lakSaNa ThIka nahIM hai| 'kiJca sarvajJatvAbhAvaH pratijJAhAnirvA' (sarvArthasiddhi,1.12) kahakara bauddhoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda kA kahanA hai ki indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa evaM zeSa ko parokSa mAnA jAyegA to yogiyoM ke jJAna meM pratyakSatA nahIM bana pAyegI kyoMki vaha indriyanimittaka nahIM hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana yogijJAna ko pratyakSa svIkAra karatA hai| ve kahate haiM'yogipratyakSamanyajjJAnaM divyamapyastIti cet| na tasya pratyakSatvam indriynimitttvaabhaavaat| akSamakSaM prati yadvartate ttprtykssmitybhyupgmaat|' (sarvArthasiddhi,1.2) yataH sarvajJatA
Page #109
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 13 pratyakSa jJAna pUrvaka hotI hai aura sarvajJa kA jJAna indriyajanya nahIM hai, ataH indriyajanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| 2. sAMkhya darzana samIkSA sarvArthasiddhi kI utthAnikA meM sarvaprathama sAMkhya darzana kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| sAMkhya dArzanika duHkhatraya - AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika evaM Adhidaivika se aikAntika evaM Atyantika nivRtti ko mokSa mAnate haiM, jo jaina dArzanikoM ke mantavya ke atyanta nikaTa hai| ve AtmA ko caitanya svarUpa bhI mAnate haiM, kintu usameM jJAna nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jJAna / buddhi jar3a prakRti kA vikAra hai puruSa yA caitanya svarUpa AtmA prakRti ke jJAna ke saMsarga se apane ko jJAnI mAnane lagatA hai| 'caitanyaM puruSasya svarUpam, tacca jJeyAkAra paricchedaparAGmukham (puruSa kA svarUpa caitanya hai, jo jJeya padArtha ke jJAna se rahita hai) kahakara sAMkhyamata kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| pUjyapAdAcArya kA kahanA hai ki aisA caitanya to sat svarUpa hokara bhI vastutaH asat hI hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane para usakA koI AkAra (svarUpa) hI prApta nahIM hotA hai| ve sAMkhyoM kA nirAkaraNa karate hue kahate haiM ki- 'tatsadapyasadeva niraakaartvaaditi|' (sarvArthasiddhi, utthAnikA pra.2 ) pUjyapAdAcArya ne sAMkhya dArzanikoM ke mokSa tattva kI AlocanA na karake puruSa tattva kI AlocanA kI hai, usakA yahI prayojana jAna par3atA hai ki sAMkhya svayaM antataH puruSa kI mukti na mAnakara vastutaH prakRti kI hI mukti mAnate haiM / IzvarakRSNa to spaSTa ghoSita karate haiM 'tasmAnna badhyate'ddhA na mucyate na saMsarati saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA kazcit / prakRtiH // (sAMkhyakArikA, 62) na arthAt tAttvika rUpa se koI bhI puruSa na to saMsaraNa - janmamRtyu ko pAtA hai, bandhana meM par3atA hai aura na mukta hotA hai| yaha prakRti hI vibhinna prakAra ke AzrayoM ko apanAtI huI saMsaraNa ko prApta hotI hai, bandhana ko prApta hotI hai tathA mukta (kleza, karma evaM AzayoM ke tirobhAva) ho jAtI hai| sAMkhya dArzanikoM ke anusAra puruSa (AtmA) se prakRti (jar3a) kA alagAva hI mokSa hai| 3. yoga darzana samIkSA yoga dArzanika sAMkhyasammata 25 tatvoM ke atirikta Izvara ko bhI svIkAra kara 26 tattva mAnate haiN| etAvatA yoga meM aura sAMkhya meM viSaya samAna haiM kintu muktimArga ke sAdhana bhinna-bhinna haiN| yoga dharma ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnatA hai to sAMkhya tattvajJAna ko / yoga darzana sAMkhya kA prAyogika darzana kahA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi pUjyapAdAcArya ne yoga darzana kI sIdhI samIkSA nahIM kI hai, kintu jJAna ke binA AcaraNa mAtra se mukti kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana 'samyak' pada kI vivecanA karate hue prathama sUtra 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga : ' ( tattvArthasUtra, 1.1 ) kI vRtti meM kiyA
Page #110
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 14 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 gayA hai| ve likhate haiM- 'ajJAnapUrvakAcaraNanivRttyartha' smygvishessnnm|' (sarvArthasiddhi, 1.1) arthAt cAritra ke pahale samyak vizeSaNa ajJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa ke nirAkaraNa karane ke lie diyA hai| 'tatpramANe' (tattvArthasUtra 1.10) kI utthAnikA meM 'keSAJcidindriyamiti' kahakara yogadArzanikoM ke dvArA indriya ko pramANa mAnane kI avadhAraNA kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie 'tat' zabda samAviSTa kiye jAne kI bAta pUjyapAdAcArya ne kahI hai| kyoMki mati Adi jJAna hI pramANa haiN| 4. nyAya darzana samIkSAAcArya umAsvAmI ne pA~ca jJAnoM kA kathana karane ke pazcAt unheM do pramANa rUpa kahA hai matizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jnyaanm| ttprmaanne| (tattvArthasUtra, 1.9-10) 'tatpramANe' sUtra kI utthAnikA meM pUjyapAdAcArya ne 'keSAJcit sannikarSaH keSAJcidindriyamiti' kahakara naiyAyikoM ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| nyAyabhASya meM vAtsyAyana ne sannikarSa ko, to nyAyavArtika meM udyotakara ne indriya ko tathA kezavamizra ne tarkabhASA meM indriyArthasannikarSa ko pratyakSa pramANa mAnA hai| pUjyapAdAcArya kI dRSTi meM sannikarSa evaM indriya pramANa nahIM haiN| kyoMki cakSu aprApyakArI indriya hai|| tarkabhASA meM, 'guNAzrayo dravyam' (tarka. pR.37) ko dravya kA lakSaNa karate hue guNoM ke samavAyikAraNatva ko dravya kahA gayA hai| arthAt jisameM samavAya sambandha se guNoM ko dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA ho vaha dravya hai| 'dravyANi' (tattvArthasUtra 5.2) kI vRtti meM 'dravyatvayogAd dravyamiti cet? na, ubhayAsiddheH' kahakara pUjyapAdAcArya ne naiyAyika sammata dravya ke lakSaNa kA nirasana kiyA hai| kyoMki daNDa-daNDI ke yoga kI taraha dravya aura dravyatva pRthak-pRthak nahIM hai| guNa to dravya meM pUrva se hI vidyamAna hotA hai| ata: 'dravyatvayogAd dravyam' yaha dravya kA lakSaNa nahIM bana sakatA hai| isa bAta kA naiyAyikoM ke pAsa koI uttara nahIM hai ki jaba pahale dravya nirguNa utpanna hotA hai to usameM samavAya sambandha se guNa kaise utpanna ho sakate haiM? zrutajJAna ke saMdarbha meM pUjyapAdAcArya ne apauruSeya ko prAmANya kahane kA khaNDana karate hue kahA hai- 'na cApauruSeyatvaM prAmANyakAraNaM cauryAdhupadezasyAsmaryamANakartRkasya prAmANyaprasaMgAt' (sarvArthasiddhi 1.20) arthAt apauruSeyatA pramANatA kA kAraNa nahIM hai| yadi apauruSeyatA ko pramANatA kA kAraNa mAnA jAya to jisake kartA kA smaraNa nahIM hotA hai aise cora Adi ke upadeza bhI pramANa ho jaayeNge| 5. vaizeSika darzana samIkSA nyAya darzana ke atirikta eka vizeSa (bhedaka tattva) nAmaka padArtha svIkAra karane ke kAraNa yaha vaizeSika darzana kahalAtA hai| vaizeSikasUtra ke praNetA kaNAda RSi mAne jAte haiN| pUjyapAdAcArya ne sarvArthasiddhi kI utthAnikA meM vaizeSika mAnya mokSasvarupa kA ullekha karake usakA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM
Page #111
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 15 'buddhyAdivaizeSikaguNocchedaH puruSasya mokSa iti| tadapi priklpnmsdev| vishesslkssnnshuunysyaavstutvaat|' (sarvArthasiddhi pR.2) arthAt buddhi Adi vizeSa guNoM kA nAza ho jAnA hI AtmA kA mokSa hai| yaha kalpanA bhI asamIcIna hai, kyoMki vizeSa lakSaNa se rahita vastu nahIM ho sakatI hai| vaizeSika dArzanika yadyapi AtmA meM jJAnAdi guNoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, tathApi ve 'navAnAmAtmavizeSaguNAnAmatyantocchittirmokSaH (prazastapAdabhASya, vyomavatI TIkA, pR.638) kahakara AtmA se unake uccheda ho jAne ko usakI mukti mAnate haiN| pUjyapAdAcArya kA kahanA hai ki jaba AtmA meM kisI prakAra kA vizeSa guNa nahIM rahegA to vaha vastu hI nahIM raha skegii| isI kAraNa inakI mAnyatA ko asat kahA gayA hai| 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' (tattvArthasUtra 1.2) kI vRtti meM kevala tattvazraddhAna kahane se vaizeSikoM dvArA tattva pada se mAnya sattA, dravyatva, guNatva evaM karmatva kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana kahA jAtA, jabaki yaha yuktiyukta nahIM hotaa| ataH tattvArthapada rakhA gayA hai tAki tattva pada se vaizeSika mAnya tattva grahaNa na ho jaaye| 6. mImAMsAdarzana samIkSA sarvArthasiddhi meM mImAMsakoM kI sIdhI samIkSA kA koI prasaMga upasthita nahIM huA hai| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra veda hI bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAna, dUravartI, sUkSma Adi arthoM kA jJAna karAne meM samartha haiN| ata: unake anusAra indriyajanya evaM manojanya jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnA gayA hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ke anusAra unakA aisA mAnanA samIcIna nahIM hai| kyoMki koI bhI Agama pratyakSa jJAna ke binA nahIM bana sakatA hai| mImAMsakamAnya yogipratyakSa jJAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ___ 'asya yogino yajjJAnaM tatpratyarthavazavarti vA syAd anekArthagrAhi vaa| yadi pratyarthavazavarti sarvajJatvaM nAsti yoginaH, jnyeysyaanntyaat|' arthAt isa yogI ke jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha pratyeka padArtha ko krama se jAnatA hai yA aneka arthoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai| yadi pratyeka padArtha ko krama se jAnatA hai to isa yogI ke sarvajJatA kA abhAva hotA hai, kyoMki jJeya ananta haiN| 7. vedAntadarzana samIkSA vedAnta darzana meM nAnA tattvoM ko na mAnakara eka brahma tattva hI mAnA gayA hai| jagat, jIva, Izvara saba brahma ke hI vikAra haiN| ve 'brahma satyaM jaganmithyA, jIvo brahmaiva nAparaH' kahakara mAtra brahma kI hI yathArtha sattA mAnate haiN| 'tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam' (tattvArthasUtra, 1.2) kI vRtti meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne tattva aura artha donoM ke ekatra ullekha kA aucitya siddha karate hue vedAntiyoM kI eka tattva mAnane kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai| ve likhate 'puruSa evedaM sarvam ityAdi kaizcitkalpyata iti| evaM sati dRSTeSTavirodhaH tsmaadvybhicaaraarthmubhyorupaadaanm|' (sarvArthasiddhi, 1.2) arthAt yaha saba (dRzya evaM adRzya jagat) puruSasvarupa hI hai| jinhoMne aisI
Page #112
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 kalpanA kI hai, unake aisA mAnane para pratyakSa evaM anumAna se virodha AtA hai| ataH aisA mAnane para pratyakSa evaM anumAna se virodha AtA hai| ataH isa doSa ko dUra karane ke lie tattva evaM artha donoM padoM kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kathana se parabrahmavAdI advaita vaidAntiyoM kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ne apanI sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthavRtti meM vividha dArzanikoM kI nirapekSa nayAtmaka bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana karake sApekSa nayoM ke Azraya se jainadarzana mAnya siddhAntoM kI suSThu vivecanA kI hai| saiddhAntika vRttivaiziSTya sarvArthasiddhi meM jaina siddhAntoM kA atyanta subodha zailI meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ saiddhAntika dRSTi se una bAtoM para vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai, jina para prAyaH ekAntavAda kI chAyA maMDarAtI rahatI hai| 1. akAlamRtyu- kucha ekAntavAdI akAla kA artha kAlabhinna kAraNa karake manamAnA artha karate haiN| pUjyapAda svAmI kA nimnalikhita kathana spaSTa karatA hai ki akAlamaraNa kA artha 'akAle maraNam' arthAt asamaya meM maraNa hI hai| yathA ___ 'evaM chedanabhedanAdibhiH zakalIkRtamUrtInAmapi teSAM na maraNamakAle bhvti| kutaH? anpvaayussktvaat| (sarvArthasiddhi, 3.5) arthAt una nArakiyoM kA zarIra chedana, bhedana Adi ke dvArA khaNDa-khaNDa ho jAtA hai, taba bhI unakA akAla meM maraNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki unakI Ayu ghaTatI nahIM hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ke isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki jo anavayAyuSka nahIM haiM, unakA akAla meM maraNa hotA hai| akAla kA artha samaya ke pUrva hI hai| yadi kAlabhinna kAraNa se maraNa abhipreta hotA to pUjyapAdAcArya 'akAlena maraNam' prayoga karate, na ki akAle mrnnm| 2. nizcaya aura vyavahAra naya- AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne pramANa aura naya kA antara spaSTa karate hue tathA coktam kahakara likhA hai-'sakalAdezaH pramANAdhIno vikalAdezo nayAdhInaH' (sarvArthasiddhi 1.6) arthAt sakalAdeza pramANa kA viSaya hai aura vikalAdeza naya kA viSaya hai| unhoMne 'nayo dvividhaH dravyArthikaH paryAyArthikazca' kahakara naya ke do bheda kiye haiN| dravyArthika ko nizcaya aura paryAyArthika ko vyavahAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| kucha loga jAnabUjhakara nayoM kI tor3a-maror3akara vyAkhyA karate haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai 'vastunyanekAntAtmanyavirodhena hetvarpaNAtsAdhyavizeSasya yAthAtmyaprApaNapravaNa: prayogo nayaH' (sarvArthasiddhi, 1.33) arthAt anekAntAtmaka vastu meM virodha ke binA hetu kI mukhyatA se sAdhyavizeSa kI yathArthatA ko prApta karAne meM samartha prayoga ko naya kahate haiN| naya zrutajJAna kA eka bheda hai| sabhI naya sApekSa rahane para pramANAMza haiM aura nirapekSa rahane para mithyaa| ata: gRhItamithyAtva se bacane ke lie ekAnta kI prarUpaNA
Page #113
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 se bacanA caahie| yahA~ para yaha bAta vizeSa avadheya hai ki jaise zakti kI apekSA nirapekSa tantu vemA Adi meM kathaMcit para kA kAraNapanA mAnA jAtA hai, vaise hI nirapekSa nayoM meM bhI zakti kI apekSA samyagjJAna kA kAraNapanA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI bAta ko sarvArthasiddhi (1.33) meM isa prakAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai- 'atha tantvAdiSu paTAdikArya zaktyapekSayA astItyucyate / naveSvapi nirapekSeSu buddhyabhidhAnarUpeSu kAraNavazAt samyagdarzanahetutva vipariNatisadbhAvAt zaktyAtmanAstitvamiti sAmyamevopanyAsasya / ' 17 arthAt tantu Adi meM paTAdi kArya zakti kI apekSA hai hI to yaha bAta zabda rUpa nirapekSa nayoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanA cAhie unameM bhI aisI zakti pAI jAtI hai jisase ve kAraNavaza samyagdarzana ke heturUpa se pariNamana karane meM samartha haiN| ataH donoM meM zakti kI apekSA sAmya hai| 3. puNya aura pApa tattvArthasUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne 'zubhaH puNyasyAzubhaH pApasya' (6.3) kahakara spaSTa kara diyA hai ki zubha mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti puNya kA aura azubha mana-vacana-kAya kI pravRtti pApa kA kAraNa hai| isa kathana se puNya aura pApa kI na kevala bhinnatA apitu viparItatA spaSTa hai yoga kI zubhatA aura azubhatA meM kAraNa batAte hue pUjyapAdAcArya ne spaSTa kiyA hai 'zubhapariNAmanirvRtto yogaH zubhaH / azubhapariNAmanirvRttazcAzubhaH / (sarvArthasiddhi 63) arthAt jo yoga (mana-vacana-kAya kA pravartana) zubha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se hotA hai vaha zubha yoga hai aura jo yoga azubha pariNAmoM ke nimitta se hotA hai vaha azubha yoga hai| 'punAtyAtmAnaM pUyate'neneti vA puNyam' (6.3) arthAt jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai yA jisase AtmA pavitra hotA hai vaha puNya hai tathA 'pAti rakSati AtmAnaM zubhAditi pApam' (6.3) arthAt jo AtmA ko zubha meM nahIM lagane detA hai vaha pApa hai| pUjyapAdAcArya ne anazana Adi bAhya tapoM, jo svayaM zubha pravRtti rUpa haiM, ko saMvara kA aura nirjarA kA hetu varNita kiyA hai| ataH puNya ko pApa ke samAna bandhana kA hI kAraNa mAnanA samIcIna nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| sarvArthasiddhi (89) meM to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki darzana mohanIya kI mithyAtva prakRti kI phaladAna zakti ko jaba zubhapariNAmoM ke dvArA roka diyA jAtA hai taba vahI samyaktva prakRti kahalAne lagatI hai- 'tadeva samyaktvaM zubhapariNAmaniruddhasvarasaM vadaudAsInyenAvasthitamAtmanaH zraddhAnaM na niruNaddhi tavedyamAnaH puruSaH smygdRssttiritybhidhiiyte|' (sarvArthasiddhi 8.9 ) 4. Agamika paramparA kI rakSA - sarvArthasiddhi kI racanA ko dekhakara yaha bAta dRr3hatApUrvaka kahI jA sakatI hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda ne siddhAnta graMthoM kA gaMbhIra AloDana kiyA thaa| isa prasaMga meM yadi hama kevala tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke sAtaveM aura AThaveM sUtra 'nirdezasvAmitvasAdhanAdhikaraNasthitividhAnataH ' evaM 'satsaMkhyAkSetrasparzanakAlAntara
Page #114
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 18 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 bhAvAlpabahutvaizca' ina do sUtroM ko dekheM to patA calatA hai ki unhoMne parapaMrA prApta SaTkhaNDAgama ke Agamika jJAna kI rakSA karate hue sArarUpa meM sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka tattvArthavRtti kI racanA kI hai| TIkA kI dRSTi se vRttivaiziSTya sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka yaha tattvArthavRtti tattvArthasUtra para upalabdha samasta TIkAoM meM prAcInatama hai| paM. phUlacanda zAstrI ise tattvArthAdhigama bhASya se bhI prAcIna mAnate haiN| sarvArthasiddhi kI katipaya vizeSatAyeM isa prakAra haiM 1. sUtra meM Aye pratyeka pada kA sahetuka vivecn| 2. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, mUlAcAra, gommaTasAra, paJcasaMgraha, vArasANuvekkhA, siddhabhakti, yuktyanuzAsana, bhAvapAhuDa Adi graMthoM ke uddharaNa dekara apane kathana kA smrthn| 3. vividha bhAratIya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA prAyaH una-una dArzanikoM ke zabdoM meM ullekh| 4. sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra tatsamayapracalita tattvArthasUtra ke sUtroM kI yathArtha sthiti kA jnyaan| 5. mUlAnugAmI vRtti kintu Avazyaka hone para mUlasambaddha anya vyaakhyaan| 6. pratyAsatteH pradhAna balIyaH, prAptipUrvako niSedhaH ityAdi pracalita vyAkaraNa viSayaka paribhASAoM kA ullekh| 7. tattvArthasUtra kI racanA ke uddezya kA ullekh| 8. sUtra meM liGgabheda evaM vacanabheda kA spssttiikrnn| 9. Agama se kiJcit bhI bhinna kathana hone para pUrva kathana se sNgti| 10. sarvAgapUrNa ttiikaa| 11. pazcAdvartI TIkAkAroM kA aadhaar| 12. siddhAMta pratipAdana ke sAtha dArzanika vivecn| 13. nyAya zailI meM zaMkA-samAdhAna pUrvaka vyaakhyaan| 14. AlokitapAna bhojana nAmaka ahiMsA vrata kI bhAvanA meM antarbhUta hone se rAtribhojanaviramaNa rUpa chaThe aNuvrata kA pRthak kathana karane kA anaucity| isa vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sarvArthasiddhi kI zailI varNanAtmaka hote hue padoM kI sArthakatA kA sAMgopAMga vyAkhyAna karane ke kAraNa TIkA kI dRSTi se atyanta prabhAvI evaM gaMbhIra hai| vAstava meM pUjyapAdAcArya ko tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita viSayoM kA tathA vyAkaraNa ke varNalAghava kA gaharA evaM talasparzI jJAna thaa| nirvacanoM aura padoM ke sArthakya ke vivecana meM AcArya pUjyapAda anupama haiN| -adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga esa. DI. (pI.jI.) kaoNleja, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)
Page #115
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma kI samAjavAdI arthavyavasthA (AdipurANa ke pariprekSya meM) -DaoN. zrImatI kRSNA jaina Arthika jIvana kisI bhI samAja kI sarvatonmukhI abhivRddhi kA AdhAra hotA hai| puruSArthoM meM "artha" kI gaNanA bhI isa tathya kI ora saMketa karatI hai| durbhAgyavaza bhAratIya ciMtana paraMparA ko AdhyAtmika yA pAralaukika karAra dete hue Arthika-vimarza ke lie anupAdeya ghoSita kara diyA jAtA hai| isa taraha kA bhrama AdhArahIna hai aura tathyoM kI anadekhI kara pracalita huA hai| bhAratIya samAja aura isakI sAMskRtika prathAe~ tathA paramparAoM kI jar3eM gaharI haiM aura unameM niraMtaratA hai| pAzcAtya vicAroM ke prabhutva tathA aupanivezika mAnasikatA ke kAraNa ye AvaraNa se AcchAdita ho gayI haiM aura unheM sugrAhya DhaMga se upasthita karanA Aja kI eka mahattvapUrNa bauddhika cunautI hai| aisA karanA mAtra AtmazlAghA na hokara bhAratIya yathArtha kI dRSTi se paryAlocana aura Avazyaka pariSkAra kA mArga prazasta kregaa| isa prakAra kA prayAsa jJAna ke aneka kSetroM meM AraMbha huA hai| dezaja jJAna paraMparA kA punarAviSkAra aura anusaMdhAna deza ko Atmanirbhara banAne meM bhI sahAyaka siddha ho rahA hai| mahAkavi AcArya jinasena dvArA racita AdipurANa 9 vIM zatAbdI kI sarvottama kRti hai| yaha purANa itihAsa, adhyAtma, samAjazAstra, arthavyavasthA, kozagrantha evaM eka utkRSTa mahAkAvya ke dharAtala para pUrNatayA kharI utarane vAlI dikkAlajayI kRti hai| yaha bhArata evaM bhAratIya jIvana kA vizvakoSa hai| jaina paraMparA meM mAnate haiM ki pahale yaugalika yuga thA usameM samAja jaisI vyavasthA nahIM thI isako hama prAkRtika sthiti bhI kaha sakate haiN| eka jor3A janma letA thA vaha sahaja saMyama jIvana jItA phira aMtima samaya meM dUsare jor3e ko janma dekara vidA ho jaataa| usa samaya na koI vyApAra, na vyavasAya, na rAjya zAsana, kucha bhI nahIM thaa| lekina jaba tIsarA kAlakhaMDa samApta ho gayA to saMtati kA vikAsa hone lagA, AbAdI bar3hI, samasyAyeM bhI bar3hane lgiiN| parigraha bar3hA to saMgharSa bhI bddh'e| choTe-choTe kula banAye gaye, kucha niyama kAnUna bne| jahA~ yaugalika vyavasthA meM saba svazAsita the, svarAjya thA yA pUrNa lokataMtra thA lekina jaba kulakara kI vyavasthA huI to eka netRtva, eka vyavasthA kAyama huii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva pandrahaveM kulakara mAne gae haiN| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke samaya kRSi yuga kA prAraMbha huA thA, unakA upadeza thA kRSi karo yA RSi bno| kRSi kA prAdurbhAva sAttvika rahasya thA ki yadi anna ke abhAva meM prajA kA bhakSyAbhakSya viveka bhI lupta ho jAya to anna ke abhAva meM caritra kA roga utpanna ho sakatA hai-bubhukSitaH kiM na karoti paapm| RSi ke avataraNa kA artha hai-samAja vyavasthA kA avataraNa, kalA kA avataraNa,
Page #116
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 20 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 vijJAna, vidyA, zilpa kA avtrnn| ve kRSirAja va kRSideva khlaaye| RSabhadeva ne vizva ko svAvalambana evaM AtmanirbharatA kA upadeza diyaa| apanI rakSA bhI Apa karanI hai isalie asi (asI dhAraNa) kA upadeza, apanI jIvikA bhI svayaM upasthita karanI hai, isalie kRSi kA upadeza, apanA jJAna bhI svayaM bar3hAnA hai isalie masi kA upadeza diyA gyaa| rAjA nAbhi ke samaya jaba hA, mA, dhik kA prabhAva samApta ho gayA to janatA ke Agraha para nAbhi ne unheM RSabha ke pAsa bhejaa| RSabha ne kahA- jaba maryAdA kA ullaMghana hotA hai to zabda zakti se kAma nahIM hogA, rAjazakti se hI hogA jJAnatrayadharo jAtisAraH svaamiityvoct| maryAdollaMghinA rAjA bhavati shaasitaa|| phira to logoM ne RSabha se rAjA banane ko khaa| lokecchA kA dhyAna rakhate hue nAbhi ne RSabha ko rAjA banAyA, isa para rAjataMtra kA sUtrapAta huaa| jaina paraMparA meM Adi kAla meM tIrthakara hI rAjA hue haiN| isa prakAra rAjA ko dharmaguru kA bhI prabhAra rahane se usakA mahattva bar3ha gayA lekina eka mahattva kI bAta yaha huI ki rAjanIti rAjadharma bana gyaa| rAjanIti meM naitikatA kA prAdhAnya rhaa| bhAratIya jJAna paraMparA isa dRSTi se bhI vicAraNIya hai ki usake tattva Azcaryajanaka rUpa se manuSya aura samagra dRSTi ko saMbodhita karate haiN| bhUmaNDalIkaraNa ke vartamAna samaya meM jaba paraspara nirbharatA vaizvika jIvana kA mUla maMtra banatI jA rahI hai, bhAratIya jIvana dRSTi aura bhI prAsaMgika ho gayI hai| smaraNIya hai ki bhAratIya jJAna paraMparA mAtra zAstrIya nahIM hai jaisA ki prAyaH pracalita kiyA gayA hai| zAstra ke sAtha vaha loka vyavahAra meM bhI avasthita hai| zAstra aura loka donoM eka dUsare ke sAtha sampRkta rahe haiN| jaina paramparA meM RSabha kA rAja zAsana nyUnatama sattA kA pratIka hai| jaise-jaise samasyAyeM AtI gaIM, RSabhadeva unake samAdhAna DhU~r3hate ge| isI se sabhyatA kA vikAsa hotA gyaa| samAja ke lie inakA vikAsa sAvadha, inameM AdhyAtmika dharma nahIM hai| phira bhI apane kartavya ko mukhyatA dekara RSabha ne lokAnukaMpA se una kAryoM kA pravartana kiyaa| hemacandra ne kahA hI hai etacca sarva sAvadyamapi lokaanukNpyaa| svAmI pravartayAmAsa, jAnan krtvymaatmnH|| jaba vyakti kartavya ko or3ha letA hai aura usakA nirvahana nahIM karatA to samasyAyeM paidA hotI haiN| RSabhadeva ne rAjya zAsana meM apanA hita nahIM dekhA, prajAhita dekhaa| saMkSepa meM RSabharAja rAmarAjya yA lokakalyANakArI rAjya thaa| yAnI usa samaya solaha AnA samAjavAda thaa| RSabhadeva yA anya tIrthakara kevala daMDa dene ke lie hI rAjA nahIM bne| unakI rAjya vyavasthA meM artha aura padArtha kA na abhAva hotA thA, na prabhAva hotA thaa| jisa samAja meM artha evaM padArtha kA abhAva hogA vahAM asaMtoSa evaM arAjakatA hogii| jahA~ artha evaM padArtha atyadhika hoMge vahA~ samAja kA patana hogaa| enalaDa rAyanavI ne 27 sabhyatAoM kA adhyayana
Page #117
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 21 kara yaha batAyA ki jo sabhyatAyeM bhogavAdI thIM, unakA nAmonizAna nahIM hai| abhAva nivAraNa Avazyaka hai jisake lie artha prabandhana jarUrI hai, lekina bhogavAda ko kama karane ke lie to dharma kA hI aMkuza caahie| RSabhadeva ne kRSi, vANijya, surakSA aura zAsana vyavasthA dI jisase samAja suvyavasthita ho, lekina sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika viSamatA ke nirAkaraNa ke lie tyAga aura aMta meM vinItA ke rAjya evaM rAjamahala kA tyAga kara saMnyAsa / RSabhadeva ne samatA dharma kA pravartana kiyaa| apanI donoM putriyoM (brAhmI aura sundarI) ko karmabhUmi yuga ke prAraMbha meM bhagavAn sarvaprathama vidyA pradAna kI / putrI brAhmI ko lipi arthAt varNamAlA kA jJAna karAke jJAna ke sAmAjika, naitika evaM vyAvahArika kSetroM kI puSTi kI nIMva DAlI to dUsarI ora sundarI ko aMkoM kA (1,2,3 Adi) kA jJAna karAke arthazAstra aura gaNita vidyA ke dvAra khole / isase pUrva janatA ghora ajJAna meM DUbI thii| prabhu ne putriyoM ko upadeza diyA " ityAkrIDyakSaNaM bhUyo'pyevamAkhyadgirAMpatiH / yuvAM yuvajatyau sthaH zIlena vinayena c|| idaM vapurvayazced idaM zIlamanIdRzam / vidyayA ced vibhUSayeta saphalaM janma vAmidam // vidyAvAn puruSo loke sammatiM yAti ko vidaiH / nArI ca tadvatI dhatte svIsRSTeragrimaM padam // ' vidyA yazaskarI puMsAM vidyA zreyaskarI matA samyagArAdhitA vidyAdevatA kaamdaayinii||" arthAt tuma donoM apane zIla aura guNoM ke kAraNa yuvAvasthA meM hI vRddhA ke samAna ho (jJAna vRddha ho) tuma donoM kA yaha sundara zarIra, yaha avasthA aura anupama zIla yadi vidyA se vibhUSita kara diyA jAe to tuma donoM kA jIvana pUrNatayA sArthaka ho sakatA hai| isa loka meM vidyAvAn puruSa paMDitoM meM bhI sammAnita hotA hai aura vidyAvatI nArI bhI sarvazreSTha pada prApta karatI hai| vidyA hI samasta manorathoM kI jananI hai| vidyA hI kAmadhenu hai, ciMtAmaNi hai| bhagavAn ne kalpavRkSoM ke naSTa ho jAne para aura karmabhUmi ke prakaTa hone para asahAya prajA ko asi masi, kRSi Adi chaha karmoM dvArA AjIvikA nirvAha kA mArga btaayaa| prabhu isa vyavasthA ke sRjana se prajApati khlaae| aneka gAMvoM, nagaroM meM prajA ko bsaayaa| unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huaa| jaisA sarvavidita hai ki karma ke AdhAra para RSabhadeva ne kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdroM ke varNa nirdhArita kiye| bAda meM bharata dvArA brAhmaNa varNa kI racanA vidyAgrahaNa aura vidyAdAna ke AdhAra para kii| vratI aura cAritravAn vyaktiyoM ko hI brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM mAnyatA milii| guNa aura karma ko mahattva dete hue jinasenAcArya ne varNavyavasthA para prakAza vikIrNa kiyA hai "manuSyajAtirekaiva jAtinAmodayodbhavA / vRttibhedAhitAd bhedAcyAturvidhyamihAznute //
Page #118
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 22 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 brAhmaNA vratasaMskArAt kSatriyA zastradhAraNAt / vaNijo 'rthArjanAnyAyAcchUdA nyagvRttisaMzrayAt // isa prakAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva sudIrghakAla taka samudrAnta pRthivI kA pUrI kuzalatA se suzAsana karate rhe| Arthika asamAnatA aura sAmAjika vaiSamya kA mukhya kAraNa hamAre andara kI lAlasA / lobha / icchA aura svArtha hai| icchAoM ke kAraNa parigraha aura saMgraha sAmAjika pradUSaNa hai| pratyeka kArya jisase dhana sampatti utpanna hotI hai utpAdaka kahA jAtA hai| bhUmi, zrama, pUMjI tathA prabandha dhana ke utpAdana meM mukhya kAraNa haiM, jinheM arthazAstra ke utpAdana ke sAdhana kahA jAtA hai| bhUmi ko chor3akara bAkI saba prakAra kA dhana pU~jI ke antargata AtA hai| prabandhakartA kA kAma hai udyoga dhandhoM kI yojanA banAnA, bhUmi, zrama aura pUMjI ko ucita anupAta meM ekatra karanA tathA jarUrata hone para nukasAna sahane ke lie taiyAra rahanA / kamAye hue dhana ko athavA apanI vArSika Aya ko apane peze se saMbandhita logoM meM ba~TavArA karanA vibhAjana kA mukhya hetu hai| vibhAjana kI cAra mukhya avasthAyeM haiM- kirAyA majadUrI, byAja, aura lAbha , vAstava meM mAnava kI sabhI kriyAoM kA AdhAra bhUmi hI hai| AcArya kauTilya ne mAnavoM se yukta bhUmi ko "artha" kahA hai- manuSyavatI bhUmirityarthaH / Aja bhI isakA vyApAka tAtparya grAhya hai| kyoMki bhUmi kisI bhI arthavyavasthA kA AdhArabhUta tattva hai| kRSi pradhAna sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bhUmi kA bahuAyAmI mahattva hotA hai vaha acala saMpatti hotI hai aura samAja ke lie Avazyaka vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM kA utpAdana kara upabhoktAoM taka pahuMcAnA hotA hai| bAjAra utpAdita vastue~, sevAyeM, AdhArabhUta saMracanA evaM vyApAra se sambaddha adhikArIgaNa ye sabhI vANijya evaM vyApAra ko eka vyavasthita AkAra pradAna karate haiN| Arthika vyavasthA meM viniyama kA mahattvapUrNa hAtha rahatA hai| pratyeka vyakti kI apanI AvazyakatAe~ pUrI karane ke lie dUsaroM para nirbhara rahanA par3atA hai| antardezIya vyApAra, AyAta-niryAta, yAnavAhana Adi vinimaya ke sAdhana haiN| bhagavAn AdinAtha ne arthArjana ke azuddha sAdhanoM se bacane kI bAta khii| eka saccA jaina kabhI corI kA mAla nahIM khriidtaa| rAjya niSiddha vastu kA AyAta-niryAta nahIM krtaa| jhUThA tola - mApa nahIM krtaa| asalI vastu dikhAkara nakalI vastu nahIM detA / bAraha vratoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA thA- 'aisA vyApAra mata karo jisameM pandraha karmAdAnoM kA samAveza ho / ' Aja kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina zrAvaka apane vyavasAya meM zastroM kA nirmANa na kre| abhakSya padArtha, mAdaka nazIle padArthoM kA utpAdana na kre| krUratA pUrvaka hiMsAjanita sAdhanoM kA vyApAra na kre| artha kI aMdhI daur3a meM aise vyavasAya jaina samAja meM khar3A na ho jo na jaina siddhAMtoM, AdarzoM aura saMskAroM ke anukUla ho aura na rASTra kI garimAnukUla / AdipurANa meM prajA ko kula kI bhAMti ekatra kara kulakaroM ne upadeza diyaa|
Page #119
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 samAja vyavasthA pratipAdita kii| AdipurANa meM prajAnAM prINana (3/68) pada AyA hai| prajA ke sAtha sambandha rahane se prINana kA artha sAmAjika dRSTi se saMrakSaNa, saMgrahaNa aura vitaraNa hai| eka zabda meM ise hama sAmAjika cetanA kaha sakate haiN| vyakti kI sAmAjika cetanA hI isameM sAmAjikatA utpanna karatI hai| AdipurANa meM citrita samAja kA pratyeka sadasya ke sAtha sahayoga aura sahakAritA kA jIvana yApana karane kA abhyAsI hai sarve'pi samasaMbhogAH sarve smsukhodyaaH| sarve sarvartujAn bhogAn yatra vindntynaamyaaH|| AdipurANa meM (parva 11/181-183) rAjA kA sabase Avazyaka kArya svarASTra kI abhivRddhi karanA, usakI rakSA karanA evaM prajA ko sabhI prakAra se sukhI banAnA thaa| rASTrakalyANa ke lie rAjA apane maMtriyoM se parAmarza karatA thaa| AdipurANa (parva 42/137-198) ke anasAra prajA kI bhalAI ke lie jitane bhI kArya kiye jA sakate haiM, rAjA ko ve sabhI kArya karane caahie| purANa meM (116-158) pratipAdita bhArata kA zAsana grAmINa paddhati se hotA thaa| pratyeka gAMva rASTra kA aMga samajhA jAtA thA, usI kI suvyavasthA se samasta rAjya kI suvyavasthA samajhI jAtI thii| bhArata kA saMgaThana grAmoM para nirbhara thaa| pratyeka gAMva kA eka mukhiyA hotA thA jo gAMva kI tatkAlIna AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karatA aura utpanna huI kaThina samasyAoM ko daNDa dharmAdhikArI yA anya padAdhikAriyoM se nivedita karatA thaa| AdipurANa kI mAnyatA hai ki daridratA samasta kaSToM kA ghara hai| isalie 'aho kaSTA daridratA' (26/49) dvArA adhika samRddhi ko sukha kA hetu hone kA saMketa diyA hai| prajA kI Arthika unnati kina-kina sAdhanoM se ho sakatI hai, grAmINa kSetra kA vikAsa kisa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina saba bAtoM kA rAjA ko dhyAna rakhanA caahie| rAjya meM artha-vRddhi hetu kRSi, vyApAra, udyoga-dhaMdhe Adi kI pragati, rASTrIya sAdhanoM kA vikAsa, khAnoM kI khudAI, vanoM kA saMrakSaNa, kRSi kI siMcAI Adi kA prabandha bhI saMpanna kiyA jAtA hai| rAjya ke kAryoM kA kSetra jIvana ke sabhI pahalU-sAmAjika, Arthika aura dhArmika taka vistRta hai| AdipurANa kAlIna bhArata kI Arthika vyavasthA samRddha thii| kRSaka varga, vyavasAyI sabhI saMtuSTa evaM prasanna the| kSatriya varga kI sRSTi karane ke bAda RSabhadeva ne prajA ke yogakSema ke lie hA, mA, aura dhik ina tIna daNDoM kA vidhAna batalAyA hai| daNDavidhAna lAgU karane ke lie rAjA kI AvazyakatA huii| kyoMki rAjA hI apane parAkrama se duSToM kA nigraha aura sajjanoM kA pAlana kara sakatA hai| isalie unhoMne hari, akampana, kAzyapa aura somaprabha ina cAra mahAbhAgyazAlI kSatriyoM ko mahAmANDalika rAjA banAyA aura rAjya saMcAlana ke nimitta prajA se kara (Taiksa) vasUla karane kA vidhAna btaayaa| yahA~ yaha bhI kahA ki prajA se utanA hI aMza kara ke rUpa meM liyA jAya jisake kAraNa use (prajA ko) kaSTa kA anubhava na vaizya- jo manuSya kRSi, vyApAra, pazupAlana dvArA nyAyapUrvaka dhana arjita karake
Page #120
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 apanI AjIvikA karate the, ve saba vaizya kahalAte the| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne apane uruoM se yAtrA dikhalAkara vaizyoM kI racanA kI, kyoMki jala, thala aura dUra-dezoM kI yAtrA karake vyApAra karanA una logoM kI mukhya AjIvikA hai| isa prakAra prajA kI sukha suvidhA hetu deza-dezAntara kI yAtrA karake vyApAra dvArA logoM kI Avazyaka vastuoM kI pUrti karanA, vaizyoM kA kArya hai| deza kI samRddhi meM vaizyoM kI pramukha bhUmikA hotI hai| 42veM parva meM kahA gayA hai ki rAjya ke adhIna samasta bhUmi meM kisAnoM ko sAdhana sulabha karavAkara khetI karAyI jAye aura kisAnoM se ucita aMza lekara rAjya meM dhAnya-saMgraha kiyA jaaye| isase rAjA ke yahA~ prabhUta saMpatti ikaTThI ho jAyegI, jisase rAjA kA aura bala bddh'egaa| yahAM gopAlaka kA udAharaNa sahita ullekha hai," jisase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya gopAlana kA vyavasAya prasiddha thaa| zramaNa saMskRti kA niyAmaka tattva zrama, AcArya jinasena kI SaT-kama vyavasthA kA buniyAdI saca banakara ubharA hai, jo Aja bhI pUrI taraha se prAsaMgika hai, asi (sainika vRtti), masi (lipika vRtti), kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa nAmaka SaTkarma AdipurANa meM apane maulika svarUpa meM AkhyAyita hue haiM aura Aja bhI saMpUrNa arthataMtra yA samAjataMtra kI buniyAda haiN| asi karma se tAtparya hai sainyavRtti arthAt surakSA prakramoM meM yogadAna ke jariye, AjIvikA, astroM ke dhAraNa karane se aajiivikaa| AcArya jinasena ne rAjasattA ke prabhAvI tattva ke rUpa meM sainya bala' ko rekhAMkita kiyA hai| 'kSatriyAH shstrjiivitm|' pada ke mAdhyama se yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki AyudhoM ke mAdhyama se AjIvikA calAne vAlI eka vizeSa jAti thI aura unakA sammAna samAja karatA thaa| vartamAna kAlakhaNDa meM asivRtti ke mahattva ko pUrA vizva sarvocca prAthamikatA de rahA hai| asivRtti ke mAdhyama se zAMti ko sunizcita karanA, jisase vikAsa ke cakra ko gati mila sake, yahI lakSya hai AdipurANa kI racanA kaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AdipurANa ke racayitA ne asivRtti kI jo avadhAraNA racI thI, vaha Aja samaya kI zilA para prAsaMgika to hai hI, pUrNarUpeNa vikasita bhI huI hai| lipi kArya meM saMlipta rahakara apanI AjIvikA calAne ke kArya ko masi karma kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| prazAsanika kAryoM ke saMpAdana meM samasta ghaTanAkrama ko, paristhitiyoM ko, AdezoM ko lipibaddha karate hue abhilekhita karane ke kArya ko masi karma ke kSetra meM AcArya jinasena ne rakhA hai| rAjA ke saMdezoM aura AdezoM ko lekhana kI isa paridhi meM rakhA gayA hai, bilkula vaise hI jaise Aja ke Azu lipika kArya kiyA karate haiN| ye masikarmI Aja bhI prazAsana ke prANa haiM aura kisI bhI saMcikA ke kathya ke bhAgya vidhAtA haiN| zAsana kI dazA aura dizA kA nirdhAraNa ye masikarmI AdipurANa ke bhArata se Aja taka karate A rahe haiN| AdipurANa meM bhUkarSaNa ko kRSi kama' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| kRSi-jIvI zramika
Page #121
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 svayaM kI khetI ke anantara dUsaroM ko bhI unake kRSi karma meM sahAyatA dete the| inake pAsa hala, baila aura anya kRSi upakaraNa huA karate the aura isa vidyA kA jJAna rakhane vAloM kA samAja meM pUrNa sammAna thaa|7 uttama kRSi karma ke lie do prakAra kI siMcAI adevamAtRkA tathA devamAtRkA kA ullekha AdipurANa meM kiyA gayA hai| adevamAtRkA se tAtparya nadI, nahara Adi dvArA kiye jAne vAle siMcAI prabandhana hai| kRSikarmI nadI yA nahara ke jala se siMcana karate the tathA AvazyakatA par3ane para ghaTIyantra kA bhI upayoga kiyA karate the| kUpa, vApI sarovara aura prapA meM jala kA bhaMDAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| naharoM se upanaharoM ko bhI nikAlA jAtA thA aura unase choTI-choTI nAliyoM ke mAdhyama se kRSikarmI apane khetoM taka siMcAI kA jala pahu~cAyA karate the| "vidyA zAstropajIvane" pada ke dvArA AcArya jinasena ne vidyA ko AjIvikA-vRtti ke eka mAdhyama ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se zikSaNa-prazikSaNa evaM anya Avazyaka karmakANDoM meM AcAryatva isa karma ke parikSetra meM samAhita haiN| AdipurANa ke eka anya saMdarbha meM batAyA gayA hai ki rAjA ko apane rAjya meM vidyA-vyasanI aura zAstra dvArA AjIvikA saMpanna karane vAle vyaktiyoM kI AjIvikA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA caahie| vyApAra vRtti vANijya karma ke antargata samAhita hai| AdipurANa kI vArtA vidyA kA vizleSaNa kauTilya arthazAstra meM kRSi, pazupAlana tathA vyApAra ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| dhAnya, pazu, hiraNya, tAmrAdi khanija kI utpatti ko vArtA ke antargata samAhita kiyA gayA hai, vArtA ko Arthika samRddhi kA eka mahattvapUrNa kAraka mAnA gayA hai| AcArya jinasena ne vANijya karma ke sAtha-sAtha pazupAlana aura pazu vyApAra ko bhI paryApta mahattva diyA hai| pazuoM kI kharIda-bikrI meM eka pratibhU-jAminadArI bhI huA karatA thA jisakI jamAnata para mavezI ko kharIdA jAtA thaa| vyApAra ke lie videza bhI jAyA jAtA thaa| vyApAra sthala mArga aura jala mArga donoM dvArA hI saMpAdita hotA thaa| vyApAra hetu sArthavAhoM kA eka samUha jAyA karatA thaa| isa sArthavAha samudAya kA eka vyakti saMghapati hotA thA aura sArI vyApArika gatividhiyoM kA saMcAlana kiyA karatA thaa| zrIpAla kI jalayAtrAe~ jala mArga se saMcAlita hone vAle vyApAra ko iMgita karatI haiN| vANijya Aja kI duniyA~ kI rAjanIti ko niyaMtraNa karatA hai| amerikA ne cIna ko Most Favoures Nation (MFN) kA darjA diyA jisa kAraNa cInI utpAda amarIkI bAjAroM meM atyanta kama kImata para chA gye| apanI kama kImatoM ke kAraNa koriyA, tAivAna Adi deza yUropIya aura amarIkI dezoM meM prabhutva sthApita to kara hI rahe haiM, rAjanItika paridRzya ko bhI prabhAvita kara rahe haiN| vANijyika gatividhiyoM ko zAsana sarvAdhika mahattva de rahA hai, eka pRthak vANijya maMtrAlaya pratyeka deza ke zAsana kA ahama hissA hotA hai| jinasena yugIna sArthavAha Aja ke TRADE DELEGATIONS meM pariNata ho gayA hai jo deza ke zAsanAdhyakSoM ke netRtva meM videzoM meM yAtrAe~ karatA hai, vANijyika upayoga kI pradarzaniyoM aura meloM kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai, saMyukta niveza ke upakramoM ke jariye pArasparika lAbha ke udyama zuru kiye jAte haiM aura sTAka eksaceMjoM meM zeyaroM ke vyApAra
Page #122
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 26 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 aura usake bar3hate-ghaTate saMvedI sUcakAMkoM ke mAdhyama se vANijyika gatividhiyoM kA niyamana hotA rahatA hai| vANijya karma sirpha lakSmI arjita karane kA sazakta sAdhana hI nahIM pratyuta rAjanItika saMbandhoM kI sudRr3hatA ke lie aparihArya zarta bana gayA hai| AcArya jinasena ne hastakauzala ko zilpa karma kI saMjJA dI hai| hastakauzala ke antargata bar3haI, lohAra, kumhAra, carmakAra, svarNakAra Adi ke upayogI kalA-kauzaloM ke atirikta citrakArI, phUla-patte kAr3hane kI kasIdAkArI bhI isa zreNI meM samAhita the| zilpakarma Aja heNDIkrAphTsa ke mAdhyama se pratyeka deza kI arthavyavasthA ko to prabhAvita kara hI rahA hai sAtha hI eka sAMskRtika rAjadUta kI bhI bhUmikA adA kara rahA hai| zilpakarma ke arthakarI svarUpa ko yadi hama dekheM to pikAso ke citroM kI AkAza chUtI kImata eka pratIka mAtra hai| bhAratIya citrakAroM meM yAminI rAya, gujarAla, rAjA ravi varmA, husaina Adi ke citra U~cI kImatoM para to bikate hI haiM, aizvaryapUrNa jIvana zailI ke pratIka bhI bana cuke Aja bhI jvalanta samasyA hai niraMkuza bhogvaad| upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ne vilAsitA aura AkAMkSAoM ko nae paMkha de die haiN| adhika arjana, adhika saMgraha aura adhika bhoga kI mAnasikatA ne naitika mUlyoM ko tAka para rakha diyA hai, isase sAmAjika vyavasthA meM bikharAva AyA hai| vaiyaktika arthavyavasthA bhI lar3akhar3A gaI hai| tanAvoM, spardhAoM aura kuMThAoM ne bhI janma liyA hai| dhana ke atibhAva aura abhAva ne amIra ko adhika amIra banA diyA, garIba aura adhika garIba banatA gyaa| phalataH aparAdhoM ne janma le liyaa| jaina samAja meM bhI aise loga sAmane Ane lage haiN| jinakI sirpha yahI soca hai ki 'mere pAsa vo saba kucha honA cAhie jo sabake pAsa ho magara sabake pAsa vo nahIM honA cAhie jo mere pAsa ho|' isa svArthI, saMkIrNa soca ne aparAdhoM ko AmaMtraNa diyA hai| asaMyama se jur3I ina AparAdhika samasyAoM ko rokane ke lie yadi arjana ke sAtha visarjana jur3a jAe, anAvazyaka bhoga para aMkuza laga jAe, AvazyakatA, anivAryatA aura AkAMkSA meM pharka samajha meM A jAe to saTIka samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| dhana ke upabhoga kA artha hai apanI AvazyakatAoM aura icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie dhana kA upayoga utpAdana Arthika kriyAoM kA sAdhana hai jabaki upabhoga una sabakA ant| upayoga kI vastue~ tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kI jA sakatI hai jIvana kI AvazyakatAeMArAma aura bhogvilaas| jyoM-jyoM bhogavAdI saMskRti kA vikAsa hotA gayA, hamane pRthvI kA anucita zoSaNa kiyA, jisa kAraNa aba koyalA, tela Adi samApta ho rahe haiN| 21vIM sadI meM jala kA bhI abhUtapUrva saMkaTa hone vAlA hai| jise jaina paraMparA meM hama aparigraha aura saMyama kahate haiM, vahIM Adhunika vijJAna meM sthAyI vikAsa kI bAta hai| sthAyitva kA arthazAstra binA aparigraha ke saMbhava hI nahIM aura bhogavAda para binA saMyama ke aMkuza lagAyA hI nahIM jA sakatA hai| Adhunika samaya meM bhArata meM jisa prakAra rAjadharma ke mUlyoM kA Atyantika kSaraNa
Page #123
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 27 ho rahA hai, jisa prakAra rAjanIti kA aparAdhIkaraNa aura aparAdha kA rAjanItikaraNa ho gayA hai, jaba bhraSTAcAra hI rAjanItika jIvana meM ziSTAcAra bana gayA hai, Aja AdipurANa meM varNita prathama tIrthakara zrI RSabhanAtha dvArA pratipAdita rAjadharma kI prAsaMgikatA atyadhika bar3ha gayI hai| jaba prajA bhUkha-pyAsa evaM arAjaka hiMsA se trAhi-trAhi karane lage aura nAbhirAja prajA ko vRSabhanAtha ke pAsa le gaye to unakI vihvala dazA dekhakara bhagavAn kI antarAtmA dravIbhUta ho utthii| unhoMne avadhijJAna se videha kSetra kI vyavasthA kA smaraNa kara isa bharata kSetra meM vahI vyavasthA cAlU karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| unhoMne asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, zilpa evaM vyApAra kI zikSA dI aura bhogabhUmi, karmabhUmi meM pariNata ho gyii| Aja agara hama bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke rAjadharma kI ora sarvAtmanA apane ko unake zaraNa meM arpaNa kara calane kA saMkalpa le leM to vaha jIvana kA sarvodaya divasa aura bhArata bhUmi kA abhyudaya parva hogaa| jaina samAja kI vyAvasAyika sAdhana-zuddhi, prAmANika manovRtti aura samyag dRSTikoNa rASTrIya caritra ko sudRr3hatA degI, kyoMki dIyA eka bhI jale magara rozanI kA vizvAsa to hogaa| rASTrahita meM jaina samAja aura jaina zrAvaka bhagavAn AdinAtha kA arthazAstra smjhe| arthArjana kI zuddha prakriyA para jAgarUka bne| hamArI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki artha aura bhoga para aMkuza laganA caahie| isake lie sAdhana-zuddhi aura bhoga-saMyamana para dhyAna denA hogaa| loka kalyANa ke lie Ayojita kiye jAne vAle vibhinna upakramoM kI saphalatA apekSita adhika saMsAdhanoM ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prasaMga meM kara kI vyavasthA kI Aja bhI prabhAvazAlI bhUmikA hai| rAjasva ke srota ke rUpa meM "kara" sunizcita AdhAra pradAna karate haiN| AdipurANa ke siddhAntAnusAra vastu meM upayogitA kA sRjana karanA hI vastuoM kA utpAdana hai| manuSya na to naI vastuoM kA nirmANa karatA hai aura na hI kisI purAnI vastu kA vinAza karatA hai, vaha kevala upayogitA kA sRjana karatA hai| upayogitA ke sRjana kA nAma hI utpAdana tathA upabhoga hai| vastuoM kI jaise-jaise upayogitA bar3hatI jAtI hai, unakA mUlya bhI vRddhiMgata hotA jAtA hai| mUlya nirdhAraNa upayogitA ke AdhAra para hI kiyA jAtA hai| AdipurANakAra ne ratnoM kA udAharaNa dekara upayogitAvAda ko spaSTa kiyA hai| ratna tabhI ratna saMjJA ko prApta hotA hai jaba khAna se nikalane ke bAda usameM upayogitA sRjita kI jAtI hai| Arthika asamAnatA aura Avazyaka vastuoM kA anucita saMgraha samAja ke jIvana ko asta-vyasta karane vAlA hai| isI ke kAraNa zoSaNa hotA hai| Arthika asamAnatA ko miTAne kA upAya hai-aprigrh| parigraha ke nirodha hetu parimANa vrata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vastuoM ke prati mamatva bhAva ko hI parigraha kahA gayA hai| arthArjana dharma saMgata honA cAhie, usameM mamatva na ho| jaba mamatva nahIM rahegA taba use prApta karane yA rakSaNa meM anucita sAdhanoM kA upayoga nahIM hogA, tabhI vaha vyakti va samAja ke lie hitakara hai| jaina purANoM se bhArata ke Atmanirbhara grAma samudAya kI prAcInatA evaM unakA
Page #124
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 Atmanirbhara svarUpa spaSTa hotA hai| AdipurANa meM varNita hai ki gAMvoM meM kRSakoM ke sAtha lohAra, nAI, darjI, dhobI, bar3haI, rAjagIra, carmakAra, vaidya, paMDita sabhI prakAra kA vyavasAya karane vAle tathA kSatriya Adi sabhI varNa ke vyakti nivAsa karate the| ye vividha vyAvasAyika vyakti apane-apane peze ke anusAra kAma karake gAMva kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate the evaM gA~voM ko svAvalambI banAte the| AdipurANa (16/168) meM grAma vyavasthA ke saMbandha meM "yogakSemAnucintam " pada AyA hai| isa pada kA Azaya yaha hai ki upabhoga yogya samasta vastue~ gA~voM meM upalabdha ho jAtI thiiN| ataH AdipurANa meM varNita grAmya jIvana Atmanirbhara evaM janatAMtrika thaa| 28 DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne apane suprasiddha zodha prabandha " Adi purANa meM pratipAdita bhArata" meM likhA hai ki AcArya jinasena dvArA pratipAdita bhaugolika sAmagrI aura Arthika siddhAnta vartamAna bhArata kI aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta karane meM sahAyaka haiN| AdipurANa kI samIkSA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainAcAryoM meM pravRttimUlaka aura nivRttimUlaka ina do prakAra kI paraspara virodhAbhAsI vicAradhArAoM ke madhya sAmaJjasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jainadarzana mukhyatayA nivRttimUlaka hai, kintu vyAvahArika jIvana meM manISiyoM ne pravRttimArga ko nirutsAhita nahIM kiyaa| Arthika vicAroM ke antargata unakA nirdeza dharma kA ullaMghana na kara dhana ko kamAnA, usakI rakSA karanA, bar3hAnA aura yogyapAtroM ko dAna denA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki paTkarma vyavasthA eka prAmANika AjIvikA ko pratyeka vyakti, pratyeka varga, pratyeka samAja ke lie usakI yogyatA ke AdhAra para kauzala ke AdhAra para sunizcita karatI hai| yaha vyavasthA jahA~ vyakti ke stara para AjIvikA pradAyinI hai, vahIM samAja ke stara para cakrAnukrama meM sAmAjika nirvahana evaM zAMti ko sunizcita karate hue rASTrIya stara para eka sudRr3ha arthavyavasthA ko pUrNa karatI hai, rASTra kI pragati ko dizA detI hai, usako majabUtI pradAna karatI hai aura antarrASTrIya saMbaMdhoM kA sthAyI vyAkaraNa racatI hai| saMdarbha: 1. AdipurANa 16/96 2. AdipurANa 16/97 3. AdipurANa 16/98 4. AdipurANa 16/98 5. AdipurANa 38/45-46 6. kauTilya arthazAstra 180.1.1 7. AdipurANa 16/ 250 8. AdipurANa 16 / 254-57 9. vaizyAzca kRSivANijyapAzupAlyopajIvitAH / / AdipurANa 16 / 184 10. AdipurANa 42/177 11. AdipurANa 42 / 139-74
Page #125
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 12. AdipurANa 16/171 13. AdipurANa 4 / 848-869 14. AdipurANa 15. AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata pR. 338 16. AdipurANa 16 / 181 17. AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata pR. 340 18. AdipurANa 16/157 19. AdipurANa 17/24 20. AdipurANa 4/72 21. AdipurANa 5/104 22. AdipurANa 5/259 23. AdipurANa 4 / 171 24. AdipurANa 35/40 25. AdipurANa 41 / 139 26. kauTilya arthazAstra pR. 15 29 -sa. prA. saMskRta vibhAga, " mahArAnI lakSmIbAI zA. utkRSTa mahAvidyAlaya, gvAliyara ( ma0pra0 ) sajjana - durjana sujanaH sujanIkartumazakto yaccirAdapi / khalaH khalIkarotyeva jagadAzu tadadbhutam // 1/901 mahApurANa yaha eka Azcarya kI bAta hai ki sajjana puruSa cirakAla ke satata prayatna se bhI jagat ko apane samAna sajjana banAne ke lie samartha nahIM ho pAte parantu durjana puruSa use zIghra hI duSTa banA lete haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki sArA loka azubha kAryoM meM adhika prabhAvita hotA hai| isakA pramukha kAraNa hai usake pUrva ke saMskAra kyoMki anAdikAla se kAma, bhoga aura bandha kI kathA sunatA rahA hai|
Page #126
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina dArzanikoM kA anya darzanoM ko trividha avadAna - pro. sAgaramala jaina jaina dArzanikoM ne anya bhAratIya darzanoM ko jo avadAna diyA hai vaha trividha hai| vaha trividha isa dRSTi se hai ki prathamataH unhoMne anya darzanoM kI ekAntavAdI dhArmika evaM dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI niSpakSa samIkSA kI aura unake ekAntavAditA ke doSoM ko spaSTa kiyaa| isa kSetra meM jaina dArzanika Alocaka na hokara samAlocaka yA samIkSaka hI rhe| dUsare unhoMne paraspara virodhI dArzanika matavAdoM ke madhya apanI anekAntavAdI dRSTi se samanvaya kiyaa| tIsare unhoMne niSpakSa hokara darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| (1) anya dArzanika evaM dhArmika paraMparAoM kA niSpakSa prastutikaraNa prathamatayA unhoMne anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM jo ekAMtavAditA kA doSa A gayA thA, usake nirAkaraNa kA prayatna kiyaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne anya darzanoM kI jina mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI, vaha unakI ekAMtavAditA kI samIkSA thI, na ki unake siddhAMta kA samagratayA niraakrnn| udAharaNArtha jainoM ne bauddhoM ke jisa kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA kI thI, vaha unake ekAMta parivartanazIlatA ke siddhAMta kI thI, jainadarzana ne vastu yA sattA ke svarUpa meM utpAda aura vyaya ko svIkAra karake vastu kI parivartanazIlatA to svayaM hI svIkAra kI thii| isI prakAra jaba ve sAMkhya ke kUTastha nitya AtmavAda yA vedAnta ke sat kI aparivartanazIlatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate haiM, to unakA Azaya sattA kI dhauvyatA kA pUrNa nirAkaraNa nahIM hai ve svayaM bhI utpAda-vyaya ke sAtha sattA kI dhrauvyatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| isI prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ke dvArA unakI jo AlocanA pratIta hotI hai, vaha AlocanA nahIM, mAtra samIkSA hai, yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| vastutaH ve una siddhAMtoM meM rahe hue ekAntavAditA ke doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa karate haiN| unakI bhUmikA eka Alocaka kI bhUmikA nahIM, eka cikitsaka kI bhUmikA hai| jaise eka cikitsaka rogI kI bImArI kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, na ki usake astitva ko nakAratA hai, vaha to use svastha banAnA cAhatA hai| usI prakAra jaina dArzanika anya darzanoM ke ekAntavAditA ke doSa kA nirAkaraNa cAhate haiM, na ki una siddhAMtoM kA samagratayA khaNDana karate haiN| ataH unakI anya darzanoM kI samIkSA ko isI rUpa meM dekhA jAnA caahiye| aitihAsika dRSTi se anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA jainadarzana meM Agama-yuga se prAraMbha hokara satrahavIM zatI ke upAdhyAya yazovijaya ke graMthoM taka niraMtara rUpa se calatI rahI, phira bhI jaina dArzanika anya darzanoM ke prati apanI samAlocanA meM bhI AkrAmaka nahIM hue| isakA sabase acchA udAharaNa hameM mallavAdI kSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAra nayacakra (4thI-5vIM zatI) meM milatA hai, jisameM unhoMne anya darzanoM kI vidhi-vidhi, vidhi, vidhi-niSedha Adi rUpoM meM samIkSA kI, kintu ve kisI darzana yA dArzanika vizeSa
Page #127
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 31 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 kA nAma lie binA mAtra siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate haiN| unhoMne pratipakSI yA samanvayaka jainadarzana kA bhI nAma lie binA mAtra unakI samIkSA kI hai| jaina paraMparA meM anya paraMparAoM ke vicArakoM ke darzanoM evaM dharmopadezoM ke prastutIkaraNa kA prathama prayAsa hameM RSibhASita (isibhAsiyAiM lagabhaga I.pU. 3zatI) meM parilakSita hotA hai| isa graMtha meM anya dhArmika aura dArzanika paraMparAoM ke pravartakoM yathA nArada, asitadevala, yAjJavalkya, sAriputra Adi ko arhat RSi kahakara saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai aura unake vicAroM ko niSpakSa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI vaicArika udAratA evaM anya paraMparAoM ke prati samAdara bhAva kA yaha ati prAcIna kAla kA anyatama udAharaNa hai| anya paraMparAoM ke prati aisA samAdarabhAva vaidika aura bauddha paraMparA ke prAcIna sAhitya meM hameM kama hI upalabdha hote haiN| svayaM jaina paraMparA meM bhI yaha udAra dRSTi adhika kAla taka jIvita nahIM raha skii| pariNAma svarUpa yaha mahAn graMtha jo kabhI aMga sAhitya kA eka bhAga thA, vahAM se alaga kara paripArzva meM DAla diyA gyaa| yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI Adi Agama graMthoM meM tatkAlIna anya paraMparAoM ke vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiM, kintu unameM anya darzanoM aura paraMparAoM ke prati vaha udAratA aura zAlInatA parilakSita nahIM hotI, jo RSibhASita meM thii| sUtrakRtAMga anya dArzanika aura dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA vivaraNa to detA hai kintu unheM mithyA, anArya yA asaMgata kahakara unakI AlocanA bhI karatA hai| bhagavatI meM vizeSa rUpa se maMkhali-gozAlaka ke prasaMga meM to jaina paraMparA sAmAnya ziSTatA kA bhI ullaMghana kara detI hai| RSibhASita meM jisa maMkhali-gozAlaka ko arhat RSi ke rUpa meM saMbodhita kiyA gayA thA, bhagavatI meM usI kA azobhanIya citra prastuta kiyA gayA hai, yahA~ yaha carcA maiM kevala isalie kara rahA hU~ ki hama paravartI jaina dArzanika haribhadra, yazovijaya Adi kI udAradRSTi kA samyak mUlyAMkana kara sakeM aura yaha jAna sakeM ki na kevala jaina paraMparA meM apitu samagra bhAratIya darzana meM unakA avadAna kitanA mahAn hai| anya darzanoM kI ekAMtavAditA kI samIkSA kI dizA meM kiye gaye prayatnoM meM sarvaprathama nAma siddhasena divAkara kA AtA hai| unhoMne apane graMtha 'sanmatitarka' meM yaha spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA ki kisI darzana kA kauna sA siddhAnta kisa naya arthAt dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para satya hai| unhoMne jainadarzana ke nayavAda kI apekSA se anya darzanoM ke siddhAMtoM kI sApekSika satyatA kA darzana kraayaa| unakI isa dRSTi kA kucha prabhAva samantabhadra kI Apta-mImAMsA para bhI dekhA jAtA hai| unhoMne yaha batAyA ki vedAnta (aupaniSadika vedAnta) saMgrahanaya se, bauddha darzana kA kSaNikatA kA siddhAMta RjusUtranaya kI apekSA se tathA nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ke siddhAnta vyavahAra naya kI apekSA se satya pratIta hote haiN| yahI dRSTi Age calakara samatvayogI AcArya haribhadra ke graMthoM meM bhI vikasita huii| jaina dArzanikoM meM sarvaprathama siddhasena divAkara ne apane graMthoM meM anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne battIsa dvAtriMzikAe~ likhI haiM, unameM navIM meM vedavAda, dasavIM meM yogavidyA, bArahavIM meM nyAyadarzana, terahavIM meM sAMkhyadarzana, caudahavIM meM vaizeSikadarzana, pandrahavIM meM bauddhadarzana aura solahavIM meM niyativAda kI carcA hai, kintu siddhasena ne yaha vivaraNa
Page #128
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 32 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 samIkSAtmaka dRSTi se hI prastuta kiyA hai| ve aneka prasaMgoM meM ina avadhAraNAoM ke prati cuTIle vyaMgya bhI kasate haiN| vastuta: dArzanikoM meM anya darzanoM ke jAnane aura unakA vivaraNa prastuta karane kI jo pravRtti vikasita huI thI, usakA mUla AdhAra virodhI matoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA hI thaa| siddhasena bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiN| sAtha hI paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki siddhasena kI kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM kA jo vivaraNa upalabdha hai, vaha bhI pATha-bhraSTatA aura vyAkhyA ke abhAva ke kAraNa adhika prAmANika nahIM hai| yadyapi siddhasena divAkara, samantabhadra, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa Adi haribhadra ke pUrvavartI dArzanikoM ne anekAnta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM vaicArika udAratA kA paricaya diyA hai, phira bhI ye sabhI vicAraka itanA to mAnate hI haiM ki anya darzana ekAntika dRSTi kA Azraya lene ke kAraNa mithyAdarzana haiM, jabaki jainadarzana anekAnta dRSTi apanAne ke kAraNa samyagdarzana hai| vastutaH vaicArika samanvayazIlatA aura dhArmika udAratA kI jisa U~cAI kA sparza haribhadra ne apanI kRtiyoM meM kiyA hai vaisA unake pUrvavartI jaina evaM jainetara dArzanikoM meM hameM parilakSita nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi haribhadra ke paravartI jaina dArzanikoM meM hemacandra, yazovijaya, Anandaghana Adi anya dharmoM aura darzanoM ke prati samabhAva aura udAratA kA paricaya dete haiM, kintu unakI yaha udAratA una para haribhadra ke prabhAva ko hI sUcita karatI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hemacandra apane mahAdeva-stotra (44) meM nimna zloka prastuta karate haiM bhava bIjAMkurajananA rAgAdyA kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // yaha zloka haribhadra ke lokatattvanirNaya meM bhI kucha pAThabheda ke sAtha upalabdha hotA hai, yathA yasya nikhilAzca doSA na saMti, sarve guNAzca vidyante / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // vastutaH 2500 varSa ke sudIrgha jaina itihAsa meM aisA koI bhI samanvayavAdI udAracetA vyaktitva nahIM hai, jise haribhadra ke samatulya kahA jA ske| yadyapi haribhadra ke pUrvavartI aura paravartI aneka AcAryoM ne jainadarzana kI anekAnta dRSTi ke prabhAva ke pariNAmasvarUpa udAratA kA paricaya avazya diyA hai phira bhI unakI sRjanadharmitA usa stara kI nahIM hai jisa stara kI haribhadra kI hai| unakI kRtiyoM meM do-cAra gAthAoM yA zlokoM meM udAratA ke cAhe saMketa mila jAyeM kintu aise kitane haiM jinhoMne samanvayAtmaka aura udAra dRSTi ke AdhAra para SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura yogadRSTisamuccaya jaisI mahAn kRtiyoM kA praNayana kiyA ho| anya dArzanika aura dhArmika paraMparAoM kA adhyayana mukhyataH do dRSTiyoM se kiyA jAtA hai, eka to una paraMparAoM kI AlocanA karane kI dRSTi se aura dUsarA unakA yathArtha paricaya pAne aura unameM nihita satya ko samajhane kI dRSTi se| AlocanA evaM samIkSA kI dRSTi se likhe gaye graMthoM meM bhI AlocanA ke ziSTa aura aziSTa aise do rUpa milate haiN|
Page #129
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 sAtha hI jaba graMthakartA kA mukhya lakSya AlocanA karanA hotA hai, to vaha anya paraMparAoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM nyAya bhI nahIM karatA hai aura unakI avadhAraNAoM ko bhrAMtarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda ke AlocakoM ne kabhI bhI unheM samyak rUpa se prastuta karane kA prayatna hI nahIM kiyA hai| yadyapi haribhadra ne bhI apanI kucha kRtiyoM meM anya darzanoM evaM dharmoM kI samIkSA kI hai, apane graMtha dhUrtAkhyAna meM ve dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM panapa rahe aMdhavizvAsoM kA sacoTa khaNDana bhI karate haiM, phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki ve na to apane virodhI ke vicAroM ko bhrAMta rUpa meM prastuta karate haiM aura na usake saMbandha meM aziSTa bhASA kA prayoga hI karate haiN| haribhadra ne apane graMtha zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM kapila ko mahAmuni aura bhagavAn buddha ko mahAcikitsaka kahA hai, haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM isa dRSTikoNa kA eka nirmala vikAsa parilakSita hotA hai| apane graMtha zAstravArtAsamuccaya ke prAraMbha meM hI graMtha racanA kA uddezya spaSTa karate hue ve likhate yaM zrutvA sarvazAstreSu praaystttvvinishcyH| jAyate dveSazamanaH svargasiddhi sukhaavhH|| arthAt isakA adhyayana karane se anya darzanoM ke prati dveSa buddhi samApta hokara tattva kA bodha ho jAtA hai| isa graMtha meM ve kapila ko divyapuruSa evaM mahAmuni ke rUpa meM sUcita karate haiM- (kapilo divyo hi sa mahAmuni:-zAstravArtAsamuccaya 237) / isI prakAra ve buddha ko bhI arhat, mahAmuni, suvaidya Adi vizeSaNoM se abhihita karate haiM (yato buddho mahAmuniH suvaidy| (vahI 465, 466) / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki jahAM eka ora anya dArzanika apane virodhI dArzanikoM kA khulakara parihAsa karate haiM- nyAyadarzana ke praNetA maharSi gautama ko gAya kA bachar3A yA baila aura maharSi kaNAda ko ullU kahate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora haribhadra jaise jaina dArzanika apane virodhiyoM ke lie mahAmuni aura arhat jaise sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNoM kA prayoga karate haiN| zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM yadyapi anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI spaSTa samAlocanA hai, kintu saMpUrNa graMtha meM aisA koI bhI udAharaNa nahIM milatA jahA~ haribhadra ne ziSTatA kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kiyA ho| isI prakAra haribhadra ne anya paraMparAoM kI samAlocanA meM bhI jisa ziSTatA aura Adara-bhAva kA paricaya diyA, vaha hameM jaina aura jainetara kisI bhI paraMparA meM upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| yadyapi AcArya hemacandra ne anyayogavyavacchedikA (pracalita nAma syAdvAda-maMjarI) meM anya darzanoM kI vyaMgAtmaka zailI meM samAlocanA kI, kintu kahIM bhI anya darzanoM ke prati apazabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| samyak samAlocanA kI yaha paMraparA Agama yuga meM prAraMbha hokara kramazaH siddhasena divAkara ke sanmatitarka, samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA, mallavAdIkSamAzramaNa ke dvAdazAranayacakra, jinabhadragaNI kI vizeSaNavatI, vizeSAvazyakabhASya, haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAntajayapatAkA Adi graMthoM meM, punaH pUjyapAda/ devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi, akalaMka ke rAjavArtika, aSTazatI, nyAyavinizcaya Adi, vidyAnandI ke zlokavArtika, aSTasahasrI Adi, prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa,
Page #130
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 34 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 ? ratnaprabha kI ratnAkara avatArikA hemacandra kI anyayogavyavacchedikA Adi meM milatI hai| phira bhI yaha dhArA Alocaka na hokara samAlocaka aura samIkSaka hI rhii| yadyapi hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie ki paravartI madhyayuga meM vAda-vivAda meM jo AkrAmaka vRtti vikasita huI thI, jaina dArzanika bhI usase pUrNatayA achUte nahIM rhe| phira bhI itanA avazya mAna lenA hogA ki jaina dArzanikoM kI bhUmikA AkrAmaka Alocaka kI na hokara samAlocaka yA samIkSaka kI rahI hai, kyoMki unake darzana kI dhurI rUpa anekAMtavAda kI yahI mAMga thii| (2) anekAMta dRSTi se vibhinna darzanoM ke madhya samanvaya ke sUtroM kI khoja jaina dArzanikoM kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa avadAna unakI anekAMta AdhArita samanvayAtmaka dRSTi hai jahA~ eka ora jaina dArzanikoM ne anya darzanoM ke ekAMtavAditA ke doSa kA nirAkaraNa karanA cAhA, vahIM dUsarI ora bhAratIya darzanoM ke paraspara virodhI siddhAntoM meM samanvaya karanA cAhA aura anya darzanoM meM nihita sApekSika satyatA ko dekhakara use svIkAra karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA aura isa prakAra vividha darzanoM meM samanvaya ke sUtra bhI prastuta kiye haiN| haribhadra ne anya darzanoM ke adhyayana ke pazcAt unameM nihita sAratattva yA satya ko samajhane kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai, vaha bhI atyanta hI mahattvapUrNa hai aura unake udAratA vyaktitva ko ujAgara karatA hai| yadyapi haribhadra cArvAka darzana kI samIkSA karate hue usake bhUta svabhAvavAda kA khaNDana karate haiM aura usake sthAna para karmavAda kI sthApanA karate haiM kiMtu siddhAMta meM karma ke jo do rUpa dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma mAne gaye haiM usameM eka ora bhAvakarma ke sthAna ko svIkAra nahIM karane ke kAraNa jahAM ve cArvAka darzana kI samIkSA karate haiM vahIM dUsarI ora ve dravyakarma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karate hue cArvAka ke bhUtasvabhAvavAda kI sArthakatA ko bhI svIkAra karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki bhautika tattvoM kA prabhAva bhI caitanya para par3atA hai| paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI likhate haiM ki haribhadra ne donoM pakSoM arthAt bauddha evaM mImAMsakoM ke anusAra karmavAda ke prasaMga meM cittavAsanA kI pramukhatA ko tathA cArvAkoM ke anusAra bhautika tattva kI pramukhatA ko eka eka pakSa ke rUpa meM paraspara pUraka evaM satya mAnakara kahA ki jaina karmavAda meM cArvAka aura mImAMsaka tathA bauddhoM ke mantavyoM kA sumela huA hai| isI prakAra zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM haribhadra yadyapi nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM dvArA mAnya IzvaravAda evaM jagat kartRtvavAda kI avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA karate haiM, kintu jahAM cArvAkoM, bauddhoM aura anya jaina AcAryoM ne ina avadhAraNAoM kA khaNDana hI kiyA hai, vahA~ haribhadra inakI bhI sArthakatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| haribhadra ne IzvaravAda kI avadhAraNA meM bhI kucha mahattvapUrNa tathyoM ko dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| prathama to yaha ki manuSya meM kaSTa ke samaya svAbhAvika rUpa se kisI aisI zakti ke prati zraddhA aura prapatti kI bhAvanA hotI hai, jisake dvArA vaha apane meM AtmavizvAsa jAgRta kara ske| mAnava mana kI prapatti kI bhAvanA hotI hai, jisake dvArA vaha apane meM AtmavizvAsa jAgRta kara ske| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI likhate haiM mAnava mana kI pravRtti yA zaraNAgati kI yaha bhAvanA mUla meM asatya to nahIM kahI
Page #131
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 jA sktii| unakI isa apekSA ko Thesa na pahu~ce tathA tarka va buddhivAda ke sAtha IzvaravAdI avadhAraNA kA samanvaya bhI ho, isalie unhoMne (haribhadra ne ) Izvara-kartRtvavAdI kI avadhAraNA ko apane DhaMga se spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| haribhadra kahate haiM ki jo vyakti AdhyAtmika nirmalatA ke phalasvarUpa apane vikAsa kI uccatama bhUmikA ko prApta huA ho, vaha asAdhAraNa AtmA hai aura vahI Izvara yA siddha puruSa hai| usa Adarza svarUpa ko prApta karane ke kAraNa kartA tathA bhakti kA viSaya hone ke kAraNa upAsya hai| isake sAtha hI haribhadra yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki pratyeka jIva tattvataH apane zuddha rUpa meM paramAtmA aura apane bhaviSya kA nirmAtA hai aura isa dRSTi se yadi vicAra kareM to vaha Izvara bhI hai aura kartA bhI hai| isa prakAra Izvara kartRtvavAda bhI samIcIna hI siddha hotA hai / haribhadra sAMkhyoM ke prakRtivAda kI bhI samIkSA karate haiM kintu ve prakRti ko jaina paraMparA meM svIkRta karma prakRti ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki satya nyAya kI dRSTi se prakRti karma prakRti hI hai aura isa rUpa meM prakRtivAda bhI ucita hai kyoMki usake vaktA kapila divyapuruSa aura mahAmuni haiN| 35 zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM haribhadra ne bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI bhI samIkSA kI hai kintu ve ina dhAraNAoM meM nihita satya ko bhI dekhane kA prayatna karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki mahAmuni aura arhat buddha uddezyahIna hokara kisI siddhAnta kA upadeza nahIM krte| unhoMne kSaNikavAda kA upadeza padArtha ke prati hamArI Asakti ke nivAraNa ke lie hI diyA hai kyoMki jaba vastu kA anitya aura vinAzazIla svarUpa samajha meM A jAtA hai to usake prati Asakti gaharI nahIM hotii| isI prakAra vijJAnavAda kA upadeza bhI bAhya padArthoM ke prati tRSNA ko samApta karane ke lie hI hai| yadi saba kucha citta ke vikalpa haiM aura bAhya rUpa satya nahIM hai to unake prati tRSNA utpanna hI nahIM hogii| isI prakAra kucha sAdhakoM kI manobhUmikA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara saMsAra kI niHsAratA kA bodha karAne ke lie zUnyavAda kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra haribhadra kI dRSTi meM bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ina tInoM siddhAMtoM kA mUla uddezya yahI hai ki vyakti kI jagat ke prati utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA kA prahANa ho / uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki anya dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA kA unakA prayatna samIkSA ke lie na hokara una dArzanika paraMparAoM kI satyatA ke mUlyAMkana ke lie hI hai| svayaM unhoMne zAstravArtAsamuccaya ke prAkkathana meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki prastuta graMtha kA uddezya anya paraMparAoM ke prati dveSa kA upazamana karanA aura satya kA bodha karAnA hai| (3) darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM kI niSpakSa dRSTi se racanA yadi hama bhAratIya darzana ke samagra itihAsa meM sabhI pramukha darzanoM ke siddhAntoM ko eka hI graMtha meM pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta karane ke kSetra meM prayatnoM ko dekhate haiM, to hamArI dRSTi meM haribhadra hI ve prathama vyakti haiM, jinhoMne sabhI pramukha bhAratIya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM ko niSpakSa rUpa se eka hI graMtha meM prastuta kiyA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya
Page #132
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 kI koTi kA aura usase prAcIna darzanasaMgrAhaka koI anya graMtha hameM prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| haribhadra ke pUrva taka jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI paraMparAoM ke kisI bhI AcArya ne apane kAla ke sabhI darzanoM kA niSpakSa paricaya dene kI dRSTi se kisI bhI graMtha kI racanA nahIM kI thii| unake graMthoM meM apane virodhI matoM kA prastutIkaraNa mAtra unake khaNDana kI dRSTi se hI huA hai| jaina paraMparA meM hI haribhadra ke pUrva siddhasena divAkara aura samantabhadra ne anya darzanoM ke vivaraNa to prastuta kiye haiM, kintu unakI dRSTi bhI khaNDanaparaka hI hai| vividha darzanoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karane kI dRSTi se mallavAdI kA nayacakra mahattvapUrNa graMtha kahA jA sakatA hai kintu usakA mukhya uddezya bhI pratyeka darzana kI apUrNatA ko sUcita karate hue anekAntavAda kI sthApanA karanA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM (naya) cakra kI kalpanA ke pIche AcArya kA Azaya yaha hai ki koI bhI mata apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM hai| jisa prakAra usa mata kI sthApanA dalIloM se ho sakatI hai usI prakAra utthApana bhI virodhI matoM kI dalIloM se ho sakatA hai| sthApanA aura utthApanA kA yaha cakra calatA rahatA hai| ataeva anekAntavAda meM ye mata yadi apanA ucita sthAna prApta kareM, tabhI ucita hai anyathA nhiiN| nayacakra kI mUladRSTi bhI svapakSa arthAt anekAntavAda ke maNDana aura parapakSa ke khaNDana kI hI hai| isa prakAra jaina paraMparA meM bhI haribhadra ke pUrva taka niSpakSa bhAva se koI bhI darzana-saMgrAhaka nahIM likhA gyaa| jainetara paramparAoM ke darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM AcArya zaMkara viracita mAne jAne vAle 'sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha' kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha kRti mAdhavAcArya ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha kI apekSA prAcIna hai, phira bhI isake Adya zaMkarAcArya dvArA viracita hone meM saMdeha hai| isa graMtha meM pUrvadarzana kA uttaradarzana ke dvArA nirAkaraNa karate hue anya meM advaita vedAnta kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| ata: kisI sImA taka isakI zailI ko bhI nayacakra kI zailI ke sAtha jor3A jA sakatA hai, kintu jahA~ nayacakra, antima mata kA bhI prathama mata se khaNDana karavAkara kisI bhI eka darzana ko aMtima satya nahIM mAnatA hai, vahAM 'sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha' vedAnta ko ekamAtra aura aMtima satya svIkAra karatA hai| ata: yaha eka darzana saMgrAhaka graMtha hokara bhI niSpakSa dRSTi kA pratipAdaka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI jo vizeSatA hai, vaha isameM nahIM hai| jainetara paraMparAoM meM darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna mAdhavAcArya (I.1350?) ke 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kA AtA hai| kintu 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' kI mUlabhUta dRSTi bhI yahI hai ki vedAnta hI ekamAtra samyak darzana hai| sarvasiddhAntasaMgraha aura sarvadarzanasaMgraha donoM kI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya se isa artha meM bhinnatA hai ki jahAM haribhadra binA kisI khaNDana-maNDana ke nirapekSa bhAva se tatkAlIna vividha darzanoM ko prastuta karate haiM, vahAM vaidika paraMparA ke ina donoM graMthoM kI mUlabhUta zailI khaNDanaparaka hI hai| ataH ina donoM graMthoM meM anya dArzanika matoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM vaha niSpakSatA aura udAratA parilakSita nahIM hotI hai, jo haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM hai|
Page #133
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 37 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 vaidika paraMparA meM darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM tIsarA sthAna mAdhava sarasvatI kRta 'sarvadarzanakaumudI' kA AtA hai| isa graMtha meM darzanoM ko vaidika aura avaidika aise do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| avaidika darzanoM meM cArvAka, bauddha aura jaina aise tIna bheda tathA vaidika darzana meM tarka, tantra aura sAMkhya aise tIna bhAga kiye haiN| isa graMtha kI zailI bhI mukhyarUpa se khaNDanAtmaka hI hai| ata: haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya jaisI udAratA aura niSpakSatA isameM bhI parilakSita nahIM hotI hai| vaidika paraMparA ke darzanasaMgrAhaka graMthoM meM cauthA sthAna madhusUdana sarasvatI ke 'prasthAna bheda' kA AtA hai| madhusUdana sarasvatI ne darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa Astika aura nAstika ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| nAstika-avaidika darzanoM meM ve chaha prasthAnoM kA ullekha karate haiN| isameM bauddha darzana ke cAra saMpradAya tathA cArvAka aura jainoM kA samAveza huA hai| Astika-vaidika darzanoM meM nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrva mImAMsA aura uttara mImAMsA kA samAveza huA hai| inhoMne pAzupata darzana evaM vaiSNava darzana kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anasAra prasthAna bheda ke lekhaka kI eka vizeSatA avazya hai jo use pUrva ullikhita vaidika paraMparA ke anya darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM se alaga karatI hai| vaha yaha ki isa graMtha meM vaidika darzanoM ke pArasparika virodha kA samAdhAna yaha kaha kara kiyA gayA hai ki ina prasthAnoM ke prastotA sabhI muni bhrAMta to nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve sarvajJa the| cU~ki bAhya viSayoM meM lage hue manuSyoM kA parama puruSArtha meM praviSTa honA kaThina hotA hai, ataeva nAstikoM kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie ina muniyoM ne darzana prasthAnoM ke bheda kiye haiN| isa prakAra prasthAna bheda meM yatkicit udAratA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| kintu yaha udAratA kevala vaidika paraMparA ke Astika darzanoM ke saMdarbha meM hI hai, nAstikoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA to sarvadarzanakaumudIkAra ko bhI iSTa hI hai| isa prakAra darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM haribhadra kI jo niSpakSa aura udAra dRSTi hai vaha hameM anya paraMparAoM meM racita darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM nahIM milatI hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM bhAratIya dArzanika paraMparAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta karane vAle aneka graMtha likhe jA rahe haiM kintu unameM bhI lekhaka kahIM na kahIM apane iSTa darzana aura vizeSa rUpa se vedAnta ko hI aMtima satya ke rUpa meM prastuta karate hue pratIta hote haiN| haribhadra ke pazcAt jaina paramparA meM likhe gaye darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM ajJAtakRta 'sarvasiddhAntapravezaka' kA sthAna AtA hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha graMtha kisI jaina AcArya dvArA praNIta hai kyoMki isake maMgalAcaraNa meM-"sarvabhAva praNetAraM praNipatya jinezvara" aisA ullekha hai| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra prastuta graMtha kI pratipAdana zailI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA hI anusaraNa karatI hai| antara mAtra yaha hai ki jahAM haribhadra kA graMtha padya meM hai vahA~ sarvasiddhAntapravezaka gadya meM hai| sAtha hI yaha graMtha haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI apekSA kucha vistRta bhI hai| jaina paraMparA ke darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM dUsarA sthAna jIvadevasUri ke ziSya AcArya jinadattasUri (vikrama saMvat 1265) ke 'vivekavilAsa' kA AtA hai| isa graMtha ke aSTama ullAsa meM SaDdarzanavicAra nAmaka prakaraNa hai| jisameM jaina, mImAMsaka, bauddha, sAMkhya, zaiva
Page #134
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 38 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 aura nAstika ina chaha darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ke anusAra isa graMtha kI eka vizeSatA to yaha hai ki isameM nyAya-vaizeSikoM kA samAveza zaivadarzana meM kiyA gayA hai| merI dRSTi meM isakA kAraNa lekhaka ke dvArA haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA anusaraNa karanA hI hai, kyoMki usameM bhI nyAyadarzana ke devatA ke rUpa meM ziva kA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai 'akSapAdamate devaH sRSTisaMhArakRcchiva' -13 yaha graMtha bhI haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke samAna kevala paricayAtmaka aura niSpakSa vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai aura AkAra meM mAtra 66 zloka pramANa hai| jaina paramparA meM darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM tIsarA krama rAjazekhara (vi.saM. 1405) ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya kA AtA hai| isa graMtha meM jaina, sAMkhya, jaiminIya, yoga, vaizeSika aura saugata (bauddha) ina chaha darzanoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke samAna hI isa graMtha meM bhI ina sabhI ko Astika kahA gayA hai aura anta meM nAstika ke rUpa meM cArvAka darzana kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura rAjazekhara ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya meM eka mukhya antara isa bAta ko lekara hai ki darzanoM ke prastutIkaraNa meM jahAM haribhadra jainadarzana ko cauthA sthAna dete haiM, vahA~ rAjazekhara jainadarzana ko prathama sthAna dete haiN| paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke anusAra saMbhavata: isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki rAjazekhara apane samakAlIna dArzanikoM ke abhinivezayukta prabhAva se apane ko dUra nahIM rakha ske| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kI sUcanA ke anusAra rAjazekhara ke kAla kA hI eka anya darzana saMgrAhaka graMtha AcArya merutuMgakRta SaddarzananirNaya hai| isa graMtha meM merutuMga ne jaina, bauddha, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, naiyAyika, vaizeSika ina chaha darzanoM kI mImAMsA kI hai kintu isa kRti meM haribhadra jaisI udAratA nahIM hai| yaha mukhyatayA jainamata kI sthApanA aura anya matoM ke khaNDana ke lie likhA gayA hai| eka mAtra isakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM mahAbhArata, smRti, purANa Adi ke AdhAra para jainamata kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI prastAvanA meM isa bAta kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai ki somatilakasUri kRta SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI vRtti ke anta meM ajJAtakRtaka eka kRti mudrita hai| isameM bhI jaina, naiyAyika, bauddha, vaizeSika, jaiminIya, sAMkhya aura cArvAka aise sAta darzanoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA gayA hai kintu anta meM anya darzanoM ko durnaya kI koTi meM rakhakara jainadarzana ko ucca zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| isa prakAra isakA lekhaka bhI apane ko sAMpradAyika abhiniveza se dUra nahIM rakha skaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki darzana saMgrAhaka graMthoM kI racanA meM bhAratIya itihAsa meM haribhadra hI eka mAtra aise vyakti haiM, jinhoMne niSpakSa bhAva se pUrI prAmANikatA ke sAtha apane graMtha meM anya darzanoM kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa kSetra meM ve abhI taka advitIya haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina dArzanikoM ne bhAratIya darzana ke kSetra meM eka mahattvapUrNa avadAna prastuta kiyA hai| - prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma. pra. )
Page #135
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM sAmAyika, pratikramaNa svarUpa, vidhi tathA mahattva - DaoN. zItala canda jaina jainadarzana kI vizuddha sAdhanA paddhati meM sAmAyika kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| isako dhAraNa kiye binA koI bhI vyakti mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM sAmAyika kI vivecanA zikSAvrata evaM tIsarI pratimA ko dhyAna meM rakha kara ke kI gaI hai| sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM zikSAvrata ko evaM sAmAyika ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Alekha meM sarvaprathama zikSAvrata ke svarUpa para vicAra karate haiN| sAmAyika kA samaya pUrNa hone taka hiMsAdi pA~coM pApoM kA pUrNa rUpa se arthAt mana-vacana-kAya aura kRta, kArita, anumodanA se tyAga karane ko sAmAyika zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra tIsarI pratimAdhArI zrAvaka ko kama se kama do ghar3I aura adhika se adhika chaha ghar3I sAmAyika kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai usa prakAra kA baMdhana sAmAyika zikSAvrata ke abhyAsa karane vAle gRhastha ke liye nahIM hai| gRhastha sAmAyika kA abhyAsa dhIre-dhIre alpakAla se prAraMbha karatA hai aura uttarottara samaya ko bar3hAtA hai| usakA mukhya lakSya Arta aura raudra dhyAna se tathA saMklezabhAva se bacakara AtmA meM sthira hone kA hai| prAraMbhika abhyAsI ko jaba taka kisI prakAra kI AkulatA nahIM hotI hai, tabhI taka vaha sAmAyika meM sthira hokara baiTha sakatA hai| sAmAyika prAraMbha karane ke pUrva vaha zira-keza coTI Adi kI gA~Tha lagAtA hai| pahine aura or3he hue vastra kI gA~Tha lagAtA hai| jisakA bhAva yaha hai ki sAmAyika karate samaya vAyu se ur3akara ye mana ko vyAkula na kreN| sAmAyika meM baiThe hue padmAsana meM hAthoM kI muTThI ko bA~dhanA hai arthAt dAhinI hathelI ko bAMI hathelI ke Upara rakhatA hai tathA kabhI khar3e hokara bhI sAmAyika karatA hai| ina sabameM yahI bhAva nihita hai ki jaba taka mujhe baiThane yA khar3e rahane meM AkulatA nahIM hogI, taba taka maiM sAmAyika kruuNgaa| isa prakAra jaba taka mere kezabaMdha Adi raheMge, taba taka maiM sAmAyika karU~gA, aisI maryAdA ko sAmAyika kA kAla jAnanA caahie| jahA~ para citta meM vikSobha utpanna na ho aise ekAnta sthAna meM, vanoM meM, vasatikAoM meM athavA caityAlayoM meM prasanna citta meM sAmAyika kI vRddhi karanA caahie| upavAsa athavA ekAzana ke dina gRhavyApAra aura unakI vyagratA ko dUra karake antarAtmA meM utpanna hone vAle vikalpoM kI nivRtti ke sAtha sAmAyika anuSThAna prAraMbha kreN| punaH Alasya rahita hokara sAvadhAnI ke sAtha pAMcoM vratoM kI pUrNatA karane ke kAraNabhUta sAmAyika kA pratidina abhyAsa bar3hAnA
Page #136
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 caahie| sAmAyika kAla meM AraMbha sahita sabhI parigraha nahIM hote haiM, ata: usa samaya gRhastha vastra se veSTita muni ke samAna munipane ko prApta hotA hai| sAmAyika ko prApta hue gRhasthoM ko cAhie ki ve sAmAyika ke samaya zIta, uSNa aura daMzamazaka Adi pariSaha ko tathA akasmAt Aye hue upasarga ko bhI mauna dhAraNa karate hue acalayogI hokara arthAt mana-vacana-kAya kI dRr3hatA ke sAtha sahana kreN| sAmAyika ke samaya zrAvaka ko aisA vicAra karanA cAhie ki jisa saMsAra meM raha rahA hU~ vaha azaraNa hai, azubha hai, anitya hai, dukharUpa hai aura mere Atma svarUpa se bhinna hai tathA mokSa isase viparIta svabhAva vAlA hai, arthAt zaraNarUpa hai, zuddharUpa hai, nitya hai, sukhamaya hai aura AtmasvarUpa hai| saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM se udAsIna hone ke lie anitya, azaraNa Adi bhAvoM kA tathA mokSaprApti ke lie usake nitya zAzvata sukharUpa kA ciMtana kreN| isa sAmAyika zikSAvrata ke ye pAMca aticAra haiMsAmAyika karate samaya vacana kA durupayoga karanA, mana meM saMkalpa-vikalpa karanA, kAya kA halana-calana karanA, sAmAyika kA anAdara karanA aura sAmAyika karanA bhUla jaanaa| uparyukta zikSAvrata kI vivecanA ke uparAMta sAmAyika pratimA kI dRSTi se vivecanA zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM prApta hotI hai| samatva sAdhanA meM sAdhaka jahAM bAhya rUpa meM (hiMsaka) pravRttiyoM kA tyAga karatA hai, vahIM AMtarika rUpa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati AtmabhAva evaM sukha-dukha, lAbha-hAni Adi meM samabhAva rakhatA hai| lekina ina donoM se bhI Upara vaha apane vizuddha rUpa meM Atma sAkSAtkAra kA prayatna karatA hai| samaya ekatvena Atmani AyaH AgamanaM paradravyebhyo nivRtya upayogasya Atmani pravRttiH samAyaH saM prayojanamasyeti saamaayikm| 'saM' arthAt ekatvapane se "Aya" arthAt Agamana paradravyoM se nivRta hokara upayoga kI AtmA meM pravRti honaa| vaha samaya hI jisakA prayojana hai, use sAmAyika kahate haiN| zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM sAmAyika kA vicAra sabhI zrAvakAcAroM meM eka sA hI milatA hai| bAraha vratoM ke antargata cAra zikSAvratoM meM prathama zikSAvrata hai| isake bAda tIsarI pratimA sAmAyika ke rUpa meM grahaNa kI gaI hai| prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne eka sA anusaraNa kiyA hai| sarvaprathama AcArya samantabhadra ne sAmAyika ke svarUpa ko spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA hai| ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke TIkAkAra prabhAcandrAcArya ne vistAra meM vivecanA kI hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke nimnalikhita zloka ko AdhAra mAnakara paravartI AcAryoM ne sAmAyika kA svarUpa, vidhi evaM mahattva batalAyA hai| caturAvartatritayazcatuH praNAmaH sthito ythaajaatH| sAmayiko dvinissdystriyogshuddhstrisndhymbhivndii| ra.ka.zrA. 5/18 arthAt sAmAyika padadhArI zrAvaka cAra bAra tIna-tIna Avarta aura cAra bAra namaskAra karane vAlA yathAjAtarUpa se avasthita Urdhva kAyotsarga aura padmAsana kA dhAraka mana-vacana-kAya ina tInoM yogoM kI zuddhivAlA aura prAta: madhyAhna aura sAyaMkAla ina tInoM saMdhyAoM meM vaMdanA ko karane vAlA sAmAyikI zrAvaka hai|
Page #137
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 tIsarI sAmAyika pratimA hai, jisameM sAmAyika nAmaka prathama zikSAvrata kI paripUrNatA, traikAlika sAdhanA aura niraticAra paripAlanA ati Avazyaka hai| dUsarI pratimA meM sAmAyika zikSAvrata abhyAsa dazA meM thA, ata: vahA~ para do yA tIna bAra karane kA koI bandhana nahIM thA, vaha itane kAla taka sAmAyika kareM, isa prakAra kAlakRta niyama bhI zithila thaa| para tIsarI pratimA meM sAmAyika kA tInoM saMdhyAoM meM kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai aura vaha bhI eka bAra meM kama se kama do ghar3I yA eka muhUrta (48 miniTa) taka karanA caahie| sAmAyika kA utkRSTa kAla chaha ghar3I kA hai| sAtha hI tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko yathAjAta rUpa dhAraNakara sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kiyA hai| isa yathAjAta pada se spaSTa hai ki tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko sAmAyika ekAnta meM nagna hokara karanA caahie| cAmuNDarAya aura vAmadeva ne bhI apane saMskRta bhAvasaMgraha meM yathAjAta hokara sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isakA abhiprAya yahI hai, isa pratimA kA dhAraka zrAvaka pratidina tIna bAra kama se kama do ghar3I taka nagna rahakara sAdhu banane kA abhyAsa kre| isa pratimAdhArI ko sAmAyika saMbandhI doSoM kA parihAra bhI Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra tIsarI pratimA kA AdhAra sAmAyika nAma kA prathama zikSAvrata sAmAyika zikSAvrata aura sAmAyika pratimA meM aMtara AcAryoM ne 'sarvaviratAtilAlasaH khalu dezaviratipariNAmaH' kahakara sarva pApoM se nivRtta hone kA lakSya rakhanA hI dezavirati kA phala batAyA hai| yahAM sarva sAvadha virati sahasA saMbhava nahIM hai, isake abhyAsa ke lie zikSAvratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| sthUla hiMsAdi pA~coM pApoM kA tyAga aNuvrata hai aura unakI rakSArtha guNavratoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| gRhastha pratidina kucha samaya taka sarva sAvadha (pApa) ke yoga ke tyAga kA bhI abhyAsa kareM isake lie sAmAyika zikSAvrata kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| abhyAsa ko ekAzana yA upavAsa ke dina se prAraMbha kara pratidina karate hue kramazaH prAtaH sAyaMkAla aura trikAla karane taka vidhAna AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| yaha dUsarI pratimA kA vidhAna hai| isameM kAla kA bandhana aura aticAroM ke tyAga kA niyama nahIM hai, hA~ unase bacane kA prayAsa avazya kiyA hai| sakalakIrti ne eka vastra pahina kara sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| kintu tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko tInoM sandhyAoM meM kama se kama do ghar3I taka niraticAra sAmAyika karanA Avazyaka hai| vaha bhI zAstrokta kRtikarma ke sAtha aura yathAjAtarUpa dhAraNa krke| ratnakaraNDaka ke isa 'yathAjAta' pada ke Upara vartamAna ke vratIjanoM yA pratimAdhArI zrAvakoM ne dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| samantabhadra ne jahA~ sAmAyika zikSAvratI ko 'celopasRSTamuniriva' (vastra se lipaTe muni ke tulya) kahA hai, vahA~ sAmAyika pratimAdhArI ko yathAjAta (nagna) hokara ke sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| cAritrasAra meM bhI yathAjAta hokara sAmAyika karane kA nirdeza hai aura vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra meM to bahuta spaSTa zabdoM meM 'yathotpannastathA bhUtvA kuryAtsAmAyikaM ca saH' kahakara jaisA nagna utpanna hotA hai vaisA hI nagna hokara sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna tIsarI
Page #138
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 pratimAdhArI ke lie kiyA gayA hai| yathAjAta dhAraNa karake bhI jaghanya do ghar3I, madhyama cAra ghar3I aura utkRSTa chaha ghar3I kA kAla tIsarI pratimA meM batAyA hai| kucha AcAryoM ne to muniyoM ke samAna 32 doSoM se rahita sAmAyika karane kA vidhAna tIsarI pratimAdhArI ke lie kiyA hai| sAmAyika zikSAvrata meM jahA~ svAmI samantabhadra ne azaraNa, anitya, azuci Adi bhAvanAoM ko bhAte hue saMsAra ko dukharUpa ciMtana karane tathA mokSa ko zaraNa, nitya aura pavitra AtmasvarUpa se ciMtana karane kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vahAM sAmAyika pratimA meM ukta ciMtana ke sAtha Age pIche kiye jAne vAle kucha vizeSa karttavyoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| vahAM batAyA hai ki cAra bAra tIna-tIna Avarta aura cAra namaskAra rUpa kRti karma ko bhI triyoga kI zuddhipUrvaka kreN| vartamAna meM sAmAyika karane ke pUrva cAroM dizAoM meM eka-eka kAyotsarga karake tIna-tIna bAra mukulita hAthoM ke ghumAne rUpa Avarta karake namaskAra karane kI vidhi pracalita hai| para isa vidhi kA likhita Agama AdhAra upalabdha nahIM hai| sAmAyika pratimA ke svarUpa vAle 'caturAvartatritaya' isa zloka kI vyAkhyA karate hue prabhAcandrAcArya ne likhA hai ki eka-eka kAyotsarga karate samaya 'NamoarihatANaM' ityAdi sAmAyika daNDaka aura 'thossAmi he jiNavare titthayara kevalI aNaMtajiNe' ityAdi stavanadaNDaka pddh'eN| ina donoM daNDakoM ke Adi aura aMta meM tIna-tIna AvartoM ke sAtha eka-eka namaskAra kreN| isa prakAra bAraha Avarta aura cAra namaskAroM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| ___Avarta kA dravya aura bhAva rUpa se do prakAra kA nirUpaNa hai| donoM hAthoM ko mukulita kara aMjuli bAMdhakara pradakSiNA rUpa se ghumAne ko dravya Avarta kahA gayA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya ke parAvartana ko bhAva Avarta kahA gayA hai| jaise sAmAyika daNDaka bolane ke pUrva kriyA vijJAnarUpa mano vikalpa hotA hai, use chor3akara sAmAyika daNDaka ke uccAraNa meM mana ko lagAnA mana parAvartana hai| isI sAmAyika daNDaka ke pUrva bhUmi ko sparza karate hue namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai, usake pazcAt khar3e hokara tIna bAra hAthoM ko ghumAnA kAya parAvartana hai| tatpazcAt 'caityabhakti kAyotsarga karomi' ityAdi uccAraNa ko chor3akara 'Namo arihaMtANaM' ityAdi pATha kA uccAraNa karanA vacana parAvartana hai| isa prakAra sAmAyika daNDaka se pUrva mana, kAya aura vacana ke parAvartana rUpa tIna Avarta hote haiN| isI prakAra sAmAyika daNDaka ke aMta meM tIna Avarta tathA stavanadaNDaka ke Adi aura anta meM tIna-tIna Avarta hote haiN| ukta vidhi se eka kAyotsarga meM saba milakara bAraha Avarta hote kiyA hai| sAmAyika kI vidhi zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM sAmAyika kI vidhi sabhI AcAryoM ke anasAra prAyaH eka jaisI hI nirUpita kI gaI hai| sAmAyika ke samaya kSetra zuddhi, kAla zuddhi, Asana zuddhi, mana zuddhi, vacana zuddhi, zarIra zuddhi tathA vinaya zuddhi isa taraha sAta prakAra kI zuddhi, bAraha Avarta, cAra zironati aura cAra praNAma pUrvaka pUrva yA uttara dizA meM mukha karake donoM hAthoM
Page #139
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 ko sIdhA laTakAkara, donoM pA~voM ke bIca meM cAra aMgula kI jagaha chor3akara apane sIne ko sIdhA rakhakara nAsA dRSTi lagAkara kAyotsargapUrvaka Asana para khar3A hokara 48 minaTa taka sAmAyika karane kI pratijJA karatA hai| merI sAmAyika kAla kI maryAdA pUrNa na ho jAye, taba taka maiM dUsare sthAna kA evaM parigraha kA tyAga karatA hU~ aura apanI deha para par3e hue parigraha kA tyAga karatA huuN| zarIra ke prati mamatA kA tyAga karane kA abhyAsapUrvaka cAroM dizAoM meM se pratyeka meM nau bAra NamokAra maMtra kA jApa, tIna Avarta, eka zironati aura jisa dizA se AjJA lI hai usa dizA meM aSTAMga namaskAra karake tIna bAra 'namo'stu' bolakara Asana lagAtA hai| sAmAyika pUrNa hone taka khar3agAsana, padmAsana evaM paryakAsana ukta tIna AsanoM meM se kisI eka Asana se sAmAyika ko pUrNa karatA hai| pratijJA kI huI kAlAvadhi meM eka Asana se hI jApa karake sAmAyika pUrNa karatA hai| AcArya somadeva ke anusAra devapUjA, Apta sevA hI sAmAyika hai| zrAvaka ko pratidina tInoM saMdhyAkAloM meM jinendra deva kI jinapUjA pUrvaka sAmAyika karanA caahie| jinapUjA ke binA sabhI sAmAyika kriyA dUra hai| ataH sAmAyika karane vAle bhavyoM ko pUjA zAstra meM kaha gaye krama ke anusAra niraMtara jinapUjA karanI caahie| vastutaH somadeva ke atirikta kisI anya AcArya ne devapUjA ko sAmAyika nirUpita nahIM kiyA hai| samantabhadrAcArya ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika kA mahattva do zabdoM se pratipAdita kiyA hai- prathama celopasRSTamuniriva dUsarA 'ythaajaat'| vastutaH zikSAvratI ko muniriva kahanA aura usakI puSTi tIsarI pratimAdhArI ko 'yathAjAta' zabda kahakara 'nagna' hokara sAmAyika meM muni banane kA abhyAsa karane kI ora saMketa hai| yadyapi yaha saba upacAra se kathana hai parantu sAmAyika kA mahattva spaSTa hai| AcArya samantabhadra kA samarthana kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI kiyA gayA hai|' puruSArthasiddhyupAyakAra ne bhI sAmAyika zikSAvratI ko mahAvratI kahakara mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| amitagati zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika meM sthita zikSAvratI ko mahAtmA zabda se vyavahRta kiyA hai|' sAgAradharmAmRta meM sAmAyika ko zAzvata mukti kA kAraNa batAyA hai aura sAmAyika ke do bheda karake dravya sAmAyika meM pUjana ko mahattva diyA hai aura bhAva sAmAyika meM Atma dhyAna ko mahattva diyA hai| isa saMbandha meM kahA hai ki jisa mahAtmA ke dvArA yaha bhAva sAmAyika pratimA rUpa bhAva dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai usa mahAtmA ne sAmAyika vrata rUpI maMdira ke zikhara para kalaza sthApita kiyA hai| dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue kahA hai ki jisa sAmAyika vrata ke dhAraNa karane se abhavya puruSa graiveyaka paryanta taka calA jAtA hai to samyagdarzana se pavitra bhavya puruSa usa vrata ke mAhAtmya se mokSa nahIM jAyegA? avazya jaayegaa|' praznottara zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika ko dharmyadhyAna aura zukladhyAna ko prakaTa karane vAlA kahA hai|
Page #140
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 praznottara zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika meM rata gRhastha ko vastrasahita muni ke samAna batAyA hai kyoMki saMcita karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai evaM naye karmoM ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai|" sAtha hI solahaveM svarga kI saMpadA pAkara mokSa meM jA virAjamAna ho jAtA hai| parantu jo vyakti gRhasthAzrama rUpI ratha meM lage rahane para bhI sAmAyika nahIM karate sadA pApakarmoM kI ciMtA meM hI lage rahate haiM ve nipaTa baila haiM isameM koI saMdeha nahIM hai| 12 jo sAmAyika, mahAmaMtra stavana Adi meM bharapUra dharmyadhyAna ko nahIM karate ve pApa ke kAraNa naraka meM par3ate haiM jisa prakAra paramANu se koI choTA nahIM aura AkAza se anya koI bar3A nahIM hai usI prakAra paJcanamaskAra maMtra se bar3hakara aura koI maMtra isa saMsAra meM nahIM hai| umAsvAmI zrAvakAcAra meM sAmAyika kI kriyA karane vAle ko kahA gayA hai ki vaha manuSya bharatarAja ke samAna zIghra hI kevalajJAna kI prApti karatA hai| zrAvakAcAra sAroddhAra meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki sAmAyika ke samaya gRhastha vastra se pariveSTita muni ke samAna munipane ko prApta ho jAtA hai jaise agni kASTha ko bhasma kara detI hai, sUrya bar3hate hue mahAndhakAra ke samUha ko vinaSTa kara detA hai usI prakAra samatA bhAvarUpa svacchajala ke pravAha se jisake bhItara zAMtasvarUpa lakSmI hotI hai| aisA bhavya jIvoM kA priya sAmAyika rUpa vRkSa ati uddhata karmoM ke udaya se utpanna tApa ko zAMta kara detA hai| 44 pratikramaNa kA svarUpa, vidhi evaM mahattva zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM amitagati zrAvakAcAra, dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra evaM vratodyotana zrAvakAcAra ke atirikta kisI anya zrAvakAcAra meM pratikramaNa ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivecanA nahIM kI gaI hai kyoMki avratI zrAvaka ke lie pratikramaNa kA vidhAna AgamoM meM nahIM milatA hai| ataH zrAvakAcAra meM bhI isakI vizeSa vivecanA prApta nahIM hotI hai| AcArya amitagati ke anasAra pratikramaNa kA svarUpa aura vidhi isa prakAra se hai sAMyakAla saMbandhI pratikramaNa karate samaya 108 zvAsocchvAsa vAlA kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai| prabhAtakAla saMbandhI pratikramaNa meM usase AdhA arthAt 54 zvAsocchvAsa vAlA kAyotsarga kahA gayA hai| anya sarva kAyotsarga sattAIsa zvAsocchvAsa kAla pramANa kahe gaye haiN| saMsAra ke unmUlana meM samartha paJcanamaskAra maMtra ke nau bAra ciMtana karane para sattAIsa zvAsocchvAsoM meM bolanA yA mana meM uccAraNa karanA caahie| bAhara se bhItara kI ora vAyu ke khIMcane ko zvAsa kahate haiN| bhItara kI ora se bAhara vAyu ke nikAlane ko ucchavAsa kahate haiN| ina donoM ke samUha ko zvAsocchvAsa kahate haiN| zvAsa lete samaya 'Namo arahaMtANaM' pada aura zvAsa chor3ate samaya 'Namo siddhANaM' pada boleN| punaH zvAsa lete samaya ' Namo AiriyANaM' pada aura zvAsa chor3ate samaya Namo uvajjhAyANaM' pada boleN| punaH 'Namo loe' ko zvAsa lete samaya aura 'savva sAhUNaM' pada zvAsa chor3ate samaya bolanA caahie| isa vidhi se nau bAra NamokAramaMtra ke uccAraNa ke ciMtana meM sattAIsa zvAsocchvAsa pramANa kAla kA eka jaghanya kAyotsarga kahA gayA hai| zrAvakoM ko pratidina do bAra pratikramaNa, cAra bAra svAdhyAya, tIna bAra vaMdanA aura do bAra yogabhakti karanA cAhie / utkRSTa zrAvaka ko ye sarva kArya prayatna pUrvaka karanA cAhie aura saMsAra ke pAra jAne ke icchuka anya puruSoM ko
Page #141
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 unheM yathAzakti karanA caahie| pratikramaNa ke saMdarbha meM 'paM. ratanacanda jaina mukhtAraH vyaktitva aura kRtitva' meM nimnalikhita prakAra se vicAra vyakta kiye gaye haiM jo dRSTavya haiM vrata meM lage hue doSoM kA pazcAtApa pratikramaNa hai tathA AgAmI kAla ke lie doSoM kA tyAga karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| jahA~ para pratikramaNa hotA hai vahIM para pratyAkhyAna bhI avazya hotA hai, kyoMki pichale doSoM kA vAstavika pratikramaNa vahIM para hotA hai jahAM para sAtha-sAtha yaha dRr3ha tyAga hotA hai ki AgAmI aise doSa nahIM lgaauuN| avratI ke koI vrata hI nahIM hote jisameM doSa lage aura jinakA vaha pratikramaNa kare aura na vaha AgAmI vrata dhAraNa karake pUrva kRta doSoM ko tyAgane ke lie kaTibaddha hai phira avratI ke pratikramaNa kaise saMbhava hai? prathama pratimA se vrata prAraMbha ho jAte haiM aura vahIM para pratikramaNa prAraMbha ho jAtA hai| AcAryoM ne bhI prathama pratimA se gyArahavIM pratimA taka zrAvakoM ke liye aura mahAvratadhArI muniyoM ke lie pratikramaNa pATha race haiM, kintu avratI ke lie kisI bhI AcArya ne pratikramaNa pATha nahIM rcaa| kAladoSa se kucha aise bhI jIva utpanna ho gae haiM jo tyAgI kA bheSa dhAraNa karake Agamaviruddha pustakeM racane lage haiM aura unako prakAzita karake kevala apane Apa hI nahIM, kintu anya ko bhI kugati kA pAtra banAte haiN| uparyukta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki zrAvakAcAra saMgraha meM zikSAvratoM ke svarUpa meM sAmAyika zikSAvrata ko atyadhika mahattva diyA gayA hai| jisakA vivecana vistAra se prApta hotA hai| pratimAoM ke vivecana meM sAmAyika pratimA kI vivecanA vistAra se kI gaI hai| jisakA mahattva pUrva meM hama vivecita kara Aye haiN| pratikramaNa ke svarUpa, vidhi aura mahattva ke saMbandha meM amitagati zrAvakAcAra ke atirikta anya zrAvakAcAroM meM zrAvaka ke SaT Avazyaka meM mAtra ullekha milatA hai| usakA svarUpa, vidhi evaM mahattva ke saMbandha meM AcAryoM ne kalama nahIM calAyI hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara paraMparA meM zrAvakoM meM pratikramaNa karane kI paramparA nagaNya hai| isase siddha hai ki zrAvakoM ko sAmAyika Avazyaka hai parantu pratikramaNa Avazyaka nahIM hai| saMdarbha1. jo kuNadi kAessaggaM vArasa Avata saMjudo dhiiro| NamaNadurga pi kuNato caduppamANo pa snnnnppaa|| pra.bhA.zrA. svAmIkArtikeyAnupekSA zrA. dharma zloka pR. 26 ciMtato sasarUvaM jiNabimba ahava akkharaM prmN| jhAyadi kammavivAyaM tassa vayaM hodi saamiyN|| vahI zloka 71 2. AptasevopadezaH syAtsamayaH smyaarthinaam| niyuktaM tatra yatkarma ttsaamaayikmcireN|| zi.va.upA.ti.campU zloka pRSTha 26 mUlavrataM vratAnyarcA....... vahI zloka 821 3. sAmAyike sArambhAH parigrahA naiva santi srve'pi|
Page #142
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 46 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 celopasRSTamuniriva gRhI tadA yAti ytibhaavm|| zi.va.zrAva.saM.pra.bhA.ra.zrA. zloka 102 4. kiccAdesapamANa savvaM sAvajja vajji do houu| jo kuvvadi sAmaiyaM so muNi sAriso have taav|| zi.va.zrA.saM.pra.bhA. svAmI kA., zloka 56 5. sAmAyikAzritAnAM samasta sAvadha yoga prihaaraat| bhavati mahAvratameSAmudaye'ti critrmohsy|| zi.va.vahI.pu. upA., zloka 150 6, vyaktAtaraudrayogo bhaktyA vidadhAti nirmldhyaan| sAmAyika mahAtmA sAmAyika saMyato jiivH|| zi.va.zrA.pra.bhA. amitagati zrAvakAcAraH zloka 86 7. paraM tadeva muktyaGgamiti nitymndrit| naktaM dinAnte'vazyaM tada bhaavyecchktito'nydaa|| zrA.saM.dvibhA. sA.dha. 5/29 8. AropitaH sAmAyikavrata prasAda muurdhni| kalazastena yenaiSA dhUrArohi mhaatmnaa|| vahI zloka saM. A. 3 - prAcArya zrI di. jaina A. saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya vIrodaya nagara, sAMgAnera, jayapura (rAjasthAna) azaraNa saMsAra saMte Ausi jIvaha maraNaM galayammi Natthi saMdeho / Nava rakkhaI kovi tahiM saMtaM sosei Na hu koI / / 81 / / bhAvasaMgraha 'arthAt jaba taka Ayukarma banA rahatA hai, taba taka vaha jIvita rahatA hai tathA jaba Ayukarma pUrNa ho jAtA hai taba vaha jIva mara jAtA hai| koI bhI deva athavA bhagavAn usakI rakSA nahIM kara sktaa| Ayu ke rahate koI bhI use mAra nahIM sakatA hai| jisa prakAra rAvaNa ke pAsa kaI vidyAyeM aura unake rakSaka deva the aura cakra bhI thA phirabhI jaba usakI Ayu pUrNa huI to apane hI cakra se mArA gyaa| ataH kisI bhI devatA athavA bhagavAn kI pUjA-arcA karane se vaha mRtyu se baca nahIM sakatA hai kyoMki Ayu pUrNa hone para mRtyu honA nizcita hai yahI karma siddhAMta hai|
Page #143
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke pariprekSya meM vaiyAvRtyaH dAna bhI, dharma bhI -Aloka kumAra jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM do paramparAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jinameM se eka vaidika paramparA, dUsarI zramaNa prmpraa| zramaNa paramparA meM bhI do darzana samAna rUpa se sammilita haiMeka bauddhadarzana, dUsarA jaindrshn| pratyeka darzana meM bhinna-bhinna avadhAraNAyeM haiM jinameM koI nivRttiparaka hai to koI pravRttiparaka hai, jisameM jainadarzana donoM avadhAraNAoM kA samanvaya karatA huA pUrva meM pravRtti kA pAlana karane kA upadeza detA hai aura pIche dhIre-dhIre pravRtti ko chor3akara nivRtti meM pahu~cane ko kahatA hai| jainadharma tathA darzana kI paramparA anAdi-ananta hai, jo anAdikAla se avicchinna rUpa se pravAhamAna rahI hai aura anantakAla taka nirbAdha rUpa se pravAhita rhegii| jainadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka jIva ke antas meM bhagavad zakti nihita hai jisako vaha prakaTa kara le to svayaM Izvara bana sakatA hai| jainadarzana aisA darzana hai jo svakalyANa karane kA upadeza to detA hI hai sAtha meM parakalyANa karane kA bhI upadeza detA hai| pUjya AcArya kundakunda svAmI ne kahA hai AdahidaM kAdavvaM Adahide parahidaM ca kAdavvaM / Adahida parahidAdo AdahidaM suTTha kAdavvaM // jisa prakAra tIrthakara pahale svakalyANa karate haiM aura kevalajJAna ho jAne para vizva ke samasta prANiyoM ko unake hita kA upadeza dekara sabakA kalyANa karate haiN| vizva ke samasta prANiyoM kA hita cAhane vAlA hone ke kAraNa hI unheM tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha hotA hai aura tIrthakaratva prApta karane ke bAda arahaMtAvasthAparyanta divyadhvani ke mAdhyama se sabakA kalyANa karate haiN| dhanya haiM ve tIrthakara, aura dhanya hai unakI vizvahita bhaavnaa| vaha tIrthakara pada aura vaha bhAvanA kisa prakAra se prApta ho isa para AcArya kahate haiM ki vaha bhAvanA hamAre antaraMga meM vaiyAvRtya se utpanna ho sakatI hai, jo svapara hitakAriNI hai| isase svayaM kA kalyANa to hotA hI hai sAtha meM para kA kalyANa bhI hotA hai| jaba dUsare kI vaiyAvRtya karate haiM to ye hamAre antaraMga ke dharmasvabhAva ko prakaTa karatA hai jisase para ko svayaM kI vastu athavA anya prakAra kA sahayoga bhI milatA hai to dAna bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH AcAryoM ne vaiyAvRtya ko dAna evaM dharma ko donoM rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai| vaiyAvRtya kA lakSaNa karate hue AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI kahate haiM ki dAnaM vaiyAvRtyaM dharmAya tapodhanAya gunnnidhye| anapekSitopacAropakriyamagRhAya vibhven|
Page #144
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 arthAt taparUpa dhana se yukta tathA samyagdarzanAdi guNoM ke bhaNDAra gRhatyAgI munIzvara ke lie vidhi-dravya Adi sampatti ke anusAra pratidAna aura pratyupakAra kI apekSA se rahita dharma ke nimitta jo dAna diyA jAtA hai vaha vaiyAvRtya kahalAtA hai| du:khanivRtti jisakA prayojana hai use vaiyAvRtya kahate haiN| anya AcAryoM ne vaiyAvRtya ke sthAna para atithisaMvibhAga zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA hai| atithisaMvibhAga vrata meM jisa prakAra atithi ke liye dAna kI pradhAnatA hai usI prakAra vaiyAvRtya meM bhI dAna kI pradhAnatA hai kyoMki AhArAdi dAna ke dvArA atithi kI du:khanivRtti kA hI prayojana siddha hotA hai / atithisaMvibhAga zabda meM mAtra cAra prakAra ke dAnoM kA samAveza hotA hai| usake atirikta saMyamIjanoM kI jo sevA suzrUSA hai usakA samAveza nahIM hotA aura vaiyAvRtya zabda meM dAna aura sevA-suzrUSA sabakA samAveza hotA hai isalie samantabhadrasvAmI ne 'vaiyAvRtya' isa vyApakazabda ko svIkRta kiyA hai| samantabhadrasvAmI jainanyAya ke janaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiM, ata: unake dvArA sabhI viSayoM meM samIcIna rUpa se vicAra karake hI kisI viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa se hI inhoMne 'vaiyAvRtya' jo vyApaka zabda hai usako zikSAvrata meM sammilita kiyA hai| isI sandarbha meM AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne vaiyAvRtya kI eka aura paribhASA nirdiSTa karate hue kahA hai - vyApattivyapanodaH padayoH saMvAhanaM ca guNarAgAt / vaiyAvRtyaM yAvAnupagraho'nyo'pi sNyminaam|| arthAt samyagdarzanAdi guNoM kI prIti se dezavrata aura sakalavrata ke dhAraka saMyamIjanoM para Agata nAnA prakAra kI Apatti ko dUra karanA, pairoM kA upalakSaNa se hastAdi aMgoM kA dabAnA aura isake sivAya anya bhI jitanA upakAra hai vaha saba vaiyAvRtya kahA jAtA hai| vyavahAra naya se paraspara kI sahAnubhUtipUrNa pravRtti se hI caturvidha munisaMgha kA nirvAha hotA hai| gRhastha munidharma kI zikSA lene ke uddezya se zikSAvratoM kA pAlana karatA hai isIliye usake zikSAvratoM meM vaiyAvRtya nAma rakhA gayA hai| vaiyAvRtya karate samaya kisI prakAra kI glAni yA mAna-sammAna kA bhAva nahIM rakhanA cAhiye kyoMki svArthabuddhi se kiyA gayA vaiyAvRtya dharma kA aMga nahIM ho sakatA / jo sevA kisI svArthabuddhi se kI jAtI hai to vaha zvavRtti (kukkuravRtti) kahalAtI hai aura jaba ni:svArtha bhAva se kI jAtI hai taba paramadharma kahalAtI hai arthAt karma-nirjarA kA kAraNa mAnI jAtI hai| anya AcAryoM ne bhI vaiyAvRtya ke lakSaNa athavA paribhASA ko apane granthoM meM ullikhita kiyA hai - AcArya kArtikeyasvAmI likhate haiM ki - "jo muni upasarga se pIr3ita hoM aura bur3hApe Adi ke kAraNa jinakI kAyA kSINa ho gaI ho, una muniyoM kA jo apanI pUjA pratiSThA kI apekSA na rakhate hue satkAra karatA hai vaha vaiyAvRtya tapa kA pAlana karatA hai| guNI puruSoM ke du:kha meM A par3ane para nirdoSa vidhi se unakA du:kha dUra karanA vaiyAvRtya bhAvanA hai|
Page #145
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 49 __ AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI likhate haiM ki kisI guNavAn ke duHkha kI utpatti hone para nirdoSa vidhi se usako dUra karanA vaiyAvRtya hai| AcArya akalaMka svAmI likhate haiM ki AcArya Adi para vyAdhi, parISaha, mithyAtva Adi kA upadrava hone para usakA prAsuka auSadhi AhAra-pAna, Azraya, caukI, takhtA aura sAMtharA Adi dharmopakaraNoM se pratikAra karanA tathA samyaktva mArga meM dRr3ha karanA vaiyAvRtya hai| auSadhi Adi kA abhAva hone para apane hAtha se khakAra, thUka, nAka Adi bhItarI mala ko sApha karanA aura unake anukUla vAtAvaraNa ko banAnA Adi bhI vaiyAvRtya hai| isI saMdarbha meM AcArya vIrasenasvAmI ne bhI vaiyAvRtya kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA hai ki rAgAdi se vyAkula sAdhu ke viSaya meM jo kucha bhI kiyA jAtA hai usakA nAma vaiyAvRtya hai| ___ mahAmAtya cAmuNDarAya jI likhate haiM ki zarIra kI pIr3A athavA duSTa pariNAmoM ko dUra karane ke lie zarIra kI ceSTA se kisI auSadhi Adi anya dravya se athavA upadeza dekara pravRtta honA athavA koI bhI kriyA karanA vaiyAvRtya hai| yaha paribhASA Atma vyAvRtti kI ora saMketa karatI hai| caturvidha saMgha ke Upara Ae hue upadrava ko dUra karanA hI vaiyAvRtya hai| isameM sabase pramukha sAdhuoM ko AhAra-dAna denA garbhita hai / isI meM atithisaMvibhAga ko bhI grahaNa kara liyA hai| usI dAna ke svarUpa ko batAte hue AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI likhate haiM ki navapuNyaiH pratipattiH saptaguNasamAhitena shuddhen| apasUnArambhANAmAryANAmiSyate dAnam // arthAt sAta guNoM se sahita aura kaulika, AcArika tathA zArIrika zuddhi se sahita dAtA ke dvArA gRhasambandhI kArya tathA khetI Adi ke Arambha se rahita samyagdarzanAdi guNoM se sahita muniyoM kA navadhA bhaktipUrvaka AhAra Adi ke dvArA jo gaurava kiyA jAtA hai vaha dAna hai| navadhA bhakti-AhAradAna ke nau sopAna hote haiM, jinheM AcArya navadhA bhakti ke rUpa meM prarUpita karate haiM / ve isa prakAra haiM - par3agAhana, uccAsana, pAdaprakSAlana, pUjana, praNAma, manazuddhi, vacanazuddhi, kAyazuddhi, eSaNa Adi aahaarshuddhi| ye nau puNya kahalAte haiM aura inhIM ko navadhAbhakti kahate haiN| paMcasUnA-jIvaghAta ke sthAna ko sUnA kahate haiM / inako zrAvaka na cAhate hue bhI karatA hI hai kyoMki ina kAryoM ke binA gRhasthAzrama kA nirvahana nahIM ho sktaa|' zrAvaka ko AhAra Adi ke nirmANa meM kucha alpa pApa bandha hotA bhI hai to bhI vaha patana kA kAraNa nahIM hai kyoMki caturvidha saMgha ko AhAra dene se mahAn puNya kA bandha hotA hai / ve pA~ca sUnA isa prakAra haiM 1 khaNDanI - ukhalI se kUTanA / 2 preSaNI - cakkI se piisnaa|
Page #146
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 3 cullI - cUlhe meM Aga jalAnA / 4 udakumbha - pAnI ke ghaTa bharanA / 5 pramArjanI - buhArI (jhADU) se bhUmi ko sApha krnaa| ye pA~ca hiMsA ke kArya gRhastha ke hote hI haiN| khetI vyApArAdi kArya Arambha kahalAte haiN| jinake Arambha aura sUnA naSTa ho cuke haiM aise samyagdarzanAdi guNoM se sahita muniyoM kA AhArAdi dAna ke dvArA jo gaurava athavA Adara kiyA jAtA hai vaha dAna kahalAtA vaiyAvRtya ke bheda- AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne dAna ko vaiyAvRtya ke aMga ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai| dAna ko sabhI AcAryoM ne cAra prakAra kA mAnA hai aura AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne bhI cAra prakAra kA dAna svIkAra kiyA hai| AhArauSadhiyorapyupakaraNAvAsayozca dAnena / vaiyAvRtyaM bruvate caturAtmatvena ctursraaH||12 arthAt vidvajjana AhAra, auSadhi, upakaraNa aura AvAsa ke bhI dAna se vaiyAvRtya ko cAra prakAra kA kahate haiN| bhojana-pAnAdi ko AhAra kahate haiM, bImArI ko dUra karane vAle padArtha ko auSadhi kahate haiN| jJAnopakaraNAdi ko upakaraNa aura vasatikA Adi ko AvAsa kahate haiN| ina cAra dAnoM meM kauna-kauna prasiddha huA isako bhI AcArya samantabhadra svAmI batAte haiM ki AhAra dAna meM rAjA zrISeNa, auSadhidAna meM vRSabhasenA, upakaraNa dAna meM kauNDeza gvAlA aura vasatikA dAna meM sUkara prasiddha hue haiN||| __AcArya vaTTakera svAmI ne likhA hai ki guNAdhika meM, upAdhyAyoM meM, tapasviyoM meM, ziSyoM meM, durbaloM meM, sAdhuoM meM, gaNa meM, sAdhuoM ke kula meM, caturvidha saMgha meM, manojJa meM upadrava Ane para vaiyAvRtya karanA zrAvaka kA parama kartavya hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne bhI pAtra kI apekSA vaiyAvRtya ke dasa bheda kiye haiM- AcArya, upAdhyAya, tapasvI, zaikSya (ziSya), glAna (rogI), gaNa, kula, saMgha, sAdhu aura mnojny|' dAtA kI pAtratA- dAna sAta guNoM se sahita dAtA ke dvArA diyA jAtA hai| AcAryoM ne sAta guNoM kA varNana kiyA to hai parantu alaga-alaga AcAryoM ne alaga-alaga sAta guNoM kA kathana kiyA hai| ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra ke TIkAkAra AcArya prabhAcandrasvAmI ke anusAra dAtA ke sAta guNa isa prakAra haiM -zraddhA, santoSa, bhakti, vijJAna, alubdhatA, kSamA, aura sty| ye sAta guNa jisake hote haiM vaha dAtA prazaMsanIya hai| AcArya amRtacandrasvAmI ne bhI sAta guNoM kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai - aihika phala kI icchA na karanA, zAnti, niSkapaTatA, anasUyA- arthAt anya dAtAoM se IrSyA na karanA, aviSAditva, muditva aura nirhNkaaritv|" dAtA kI zuddhatA kA vicAra tIna prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai - 1 kaulikazuddhi - jisakI vaMza paramparA zuddha ho use kulazuddha kahate haiN| 2 AcArikazuddhi- jisakA AcaraNa zuddha ho, use AcAra zuddha kahate haiN|
Page #147
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 51 3 zArIrikazuddhi- jisane snAnAdika kara zuddha vastra dhAraNa kie haiM, aMga-bhaMga nahIM hai, zarIra meM koI rAdha- rudhira ko bahAne vAlI bImArI nahIM ho, vaha zArIrikazuddha hai| vaiyAvRtya kA phala - vaiyAvRtya karane vAle gRhastha ko kina-kina phaloM kI prApti hotI hai, usakA varNana karate hue AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI likhate haiM ki - gRhakarmaNApi nicitaM karma vimArSTikhalu gRhavimuktAnAm / atithInAM pratipUjA rudhiramalaM dhAvate vaari|| arthAt nizcaya se jisa prakAra jala khUna ko dho detA hai usI prakAra gRharahita nirgrantha arthAt parigraha rahita sAdhu ko ( nA ki gRha Adi se rahita sAdhu ko ) diyA gayA dAna gRha sambandhI kAryoM se upArjita athavA sudRr3ha bhI karma ko naSTa kara detA hai kyoMki zrAvaka ko pratidina kI kriyAoM meM niyama se bahuta karmabandha hotA hai isalie una karmoM kA bhAra ina vaiyAvRtya dAnAdi kriyAoM ke karane se kama ho jAtA hai aura paramparA se mokSa pada kI prApti karAne meM sahAyaka hotA hai| Age AcAryasamantabhadrasvAmI likhate haiM ki tapa ke bhaNDArasvarUpa muniyoM ko namaskAra karane se ucca gotra, AhAra Adi dAna dene se bhoga, pratigrahaNa Adi karane se sammAna, bhakti karane se sundara rUpa aura stuti karane se suyaza prApta hotA hai|" vaiyAvRtya kA mAhAtmya batAte hue AcArya kahate haiM ki ucita samaya meM yogya pAtra ke lie diyA gayA thor3A bhI dAna uttama pRthvI meM par3e hue vaTavRkSa ke bIja ke samAna prANiyoM ke lie mAhAtmya aura vaibhava se yukta pakSa meM chAyA kI pracuratA se sahita bahuta bhArI abhilaSita phala ko detA hai|" yahA~ para AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI kA tAtparya hai ki jo muni dAna/ vaiyAvRtya ke yogya hai aura unheM jisa samaya jisa vastu kI AvazyakatA hai usI samaya thor3A sA bhI diyA gayA dAna atizaya puNya kA kAraNa banatA hai aura mokSaprApti meM bhI sahAyaka hotA hai| yadi kRpAtroM yA apAtroM ko pracura bhI dAna de diyA to bhI kubhogabhUmi kA hI kAraNa hotA hai dAna dene meM mAtrA (parimANa) nahIM, bhAvanA aura AvazyakatAnusAra padArtha kA mAhAtmya hotA hai| samyagdRSTi manuSya pAtra dAna ke phalasvarUpa svarga meM utpanna hotA hai aura mithyAdRSTi manuSya bhogabhUmi meM utpanna hotA hai| kupAtradAna kA phala kubhogabhUmi aura apAtradAna kA phala naraka evaM nigoda Adi hai| anya AcAryoM ne bhI dAna kI mahimA kA bahuta guNagAna kiyA hai| dAna kI mahimA kA bakhAna karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki jo bhI tIrthaMkara ko prathama AhAra dAna detA hai vaha niyama se usI bhava se mokSa jAtA hai / prathamAnuyoga kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki tIrthaMkara, RddhidhArI muni Adi ko dAna dene para zrAvakoM ke ghara para paJcAzcarya prakaTa hote haiN| ye saba dAna kI hI mahimA hai| rAjA zreyAMsa AdinAtha svAmI ko isa yuga kA prathama AhAra dAna dene ke kAraNa dAna tIrthaMkara kahalAte haiN| pUjAoM meM bhI paM dyAnatarAya jI ne dAna kI mahimA kA ullekha kiyA hai uttama tyAga kareM jo koI bhogabhUmi sura zivasukha hoI - dasalakSaNa pUjA jayamAlA
Page #148
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 nizadina vaiyAvRtya karaiyA, so nihacai bhavanIra tiraiyaa| -solahakAraNa pUjA jayamAlA arhatpUjA bhI vaiyAvRtya- sAmAnya janoM meM yaha vizvAsa hai ki sAdhu kI sevA karanA hI vaiyAvRtya hai parantu AcAryoM ne sAdhu kI vaiyAvRtya ke atirikta deva aura zAstra kI vaiyAvRtya karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA hai| zrAvaka aura sAdhaka arihanta kI sevA suzrUSA, pUjAbhakti Adi ke dvArA mahAn puNya kA bandha karate haiM / yahA~ para zrAvaka ko dravya evaM bhAva donoM pUjAoM ke dvArA vaiyAvRtya kA nirdeza hai aura muni ko kevala bhAvapUjA ke dvArA arihanta kI bhakti karanA cAhie / jo zrAvaka arihanta kI pUjA ke nimitta se jinamandira meM jinapratimA ko sthApita karA ke arihanta kI vaiyAvRtya se svatantra ho jAte haiM unake lie AcAryoM ne nirdeza diyA hai ki bhale hI pratimA virAjamAna karAnA mahAn puNya kA kAraNa hai parantu pratimA virAjamAna karA ke jo samajhate haiM ki merA sArA kAma ho gayA yadi aisA socakara pUjA karane nahIM Ate haiM to aise vyakti kula sahita vinAza ko prApta ho jAte haiN| aise kaI udAharaNa pratyakSa dekhane meM bhI Ae haiM / AcAryoM ne muniyoM ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvakoM ke bhI chaha Avazyaka batAe haiM jinameM se prathama Avazyaka devapUjA hai / jinendra bhagavAn ke guNAnuvAdasvarUpa stuti vandanA Adi karanA devapUjA kahalAtI hai / AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne bhI arhatpUjA kI preraNA dI hai aura kahA hai ki zrAvaka ko Adara yukta hokara saba pApoM ko nAza karane vAlI, kAma aura du:khoM ko dUra karane vAlI arhatpUjA avazya karanI caahie| arhatpUjA meM eka meMr3haka kI bhakti se prasanna hokara AcArya ne bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karate hue kathana kiyA hai| arihanta bhagavAn kI pUjA karate haiM to usameM arihanta bhagavAn kA koI rAgadveSa nahIM hai aura na hI bhagavAn kA kucha bhalA hotA hai aura na hI bhagavAn kI pUjA karane se bhagavAn khuza hokara kisI kA bhalA karate haiM / agara aisA mAnA jAe to bhagavAn kI vItarAgatA kA abhAva ho jAegA isIlie bhagavAn kI pUjA meM apane bhAva aura Atma pariNAmoM se hI kalyANa hotA hai, isase svayaM kI hI vaiyAvRtya ho jAtI hai / arhatpUjA meM hI paMca parameSThI kI bhakti samanvita hai aura zAstra kI pUjA bhI samanvita hai kyoMki jinendra bhagavAn aura unakI vANI meM kucha bhI aMtara nahIM hai aisA AcAryoM kA kathana hai| arihanta ke guNoM kI pUjana karate hue hama apane hI guNoM kI pUjA karate haiM jisase una guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa ho jaae| vaiyAvRtya ke aticAra- vaiyAvRtya ke pA~ca aticAroM kA varNana bhI AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne kiyA hai jo isa prakAra haiM haritapidhAnanidhAne hynaadraasmrnnmtsrtvaani| vaiyAvRtyasyaite vyatikramAH paJca kthynte|22 arthAt nizcaya se haritapatra Adi se dene yogya vastu ko DhaMkanA tathA haritapatra Adi para dene yogya vastu ko rakhanA, anAdara, vismaraNa aura matsaratva ye pA~ca vaiyAvRtya ke aticAra kahe jAte haiN| inhIM pA~coM aticAroM kI taraha AcArya umAsvAmI mahArAja ne bhI pA~ca
Page #149
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 aticAra batAye haiM scittnikssepaapidhaanprvypdeshmaatsrykaalaatikrmaaH| isameM paravyapadeza aura kAlAtikrama ye do aticAra bhinna haiN| dUsare dAtAra ke dvArA dene yogya vastu ko denA athavA svayaM AhAra na dekara naukara Adi se dilavAnA ye paravyapadeza nAmaka aticAra hai| yaha aticAra anAdara kA hI rUpAntara pratIta hotA hai| kintu kAlAtikrama bhinna hai| isa saMdarbha meM anya AcAryoM ne bhI AcArya umAsvAmI kA hI anukaraNa kiyA hai| upasaMhAra - vartamAna samaya meM vaiyAvRtya kA svarUpa adhikatara janasamudAya ko jJAta nahIM hai aura na hI unhoMne isake viSaya meM kabhI adhyayana karane kA vicAra kiyA hai| adhikAMzataH sabhI kA abhiprAya hotA hai ki nagara /grAma meM sAdhu saMgha athavA AryikA saMgha AyA hai to zAma ko unake hasta, pAda, mastaka Adi dabAnA hI vaiyAvRtya hai| koI pUchatA hai ki kahA~ se A rahe haiM? javAba AtA hai ki vaiyAvRtya karake A rahe haiN| ve samajhate haiM ki yahI vaiyAvRtya hai, parantu aisA nahIM hai apitu anya aura bhI sAdhu varga kI AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA bhI vaiyAvRtya hai| yahA~ AvazyakatA kA Azaya hai- jo sAdhuvarga ke jJAnadhyAna-tapa meM sAdhaka baneM una vastuoM kI pUrti karanA yathA- zAstradAna, svAsthya sambandhI evaM adhyayanopayogI sAmagrI kI vyavasthA krnaa| ___ kucha logoM ke mana meM viparIta mAnyatAeM haiM jisakA kAraNa hai svAdhyAya meM apravRtti, ve loga zAstra sammata carcAyeM kabhI nahIM kara sakate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki sAdhuvarga ko tela Adi lagAkara hastAdi kI mAliza karanA doSapUrNa hai kyoMki unake aisA karane se lepAhAra ho jAtA hai aura unake AhAra grahaNa kA doSa AtA hai| parantu lepAhAra kyA kahalAtA hai? aura kinake hotA hai? yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai| AcAryoM ne lepAhAra vRkSoM Adi ke kahA hai| jo vAtAvaraNa se kArbana-DAI-oNksAiDa aura jamIna se jala Adi se poSaka tattvoM ko grahaNa karate haiM vaha lepAhAra kahalAtA hai| vaiyAvRtya karane vAle kA hI mukhyatayA bhalA hotA hai kyoMki vaiyAvRtya se mahAn puNya kA bandha hotA hai| sAdhu kA usase jyAdA koI upakAra nahIM hotA kyoMki vaiyAvRtya karane ke uparAnta agale dina unakI sthiti puna: pahale jaisI ho jAtI hai aura yadi koI sAdhu svayaM maMgavAkara telAdi se hAtha-paira Adi kI mAliza karavAte haiM to nizcita rUpa se ve sAdhu bhI sadoSa haiN| ataH hameM vaiyAvRtya apane pApoM ke prakSAlana ke lie karanA caahie| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AcArya zivArya likhate haiM ki vaiyAvRtya karane vAle ko bahuta se guNoM kI prApti hotI hai| kevala svAdhyAya karane vAlA svayaM kI hI unnati kara sakatA hai jabaki vaiyAvRtya karane vAlA svayaM ko evaM anya ko donoM ko unnata banAtA hai| svAdhyAya karane vAle para yadi vipatti AtI hai to usako vaiyAvRtya karane vAle kI ora hI mur3akara dekhanA hotA hai| vaiyAvRtya samAdhi kI prApti, vicikitsA kA abhAva aura pravacana vAtsalya kI abhivyakti ke lie kI jAtI hai aura jo samyagdRSTi jIva vaiyAvRtya karatA hai vaha usake lie nirjarA kA kAraNa banatI hai| yadi koI vaiyAvRtya nahIM karatA hai
Page #150
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 to AcArya kahate haiM ki samartha hote hue tathA apane bala ko chipAte hue bhI jinopadiSTa vaiyAvRtya jo nahIM karatA hai vaha dharma-bhraSTa hai| jinAjJA kA bhaMga, zAstra kathita dharma kA nAza, sAdhuvarga kA evaM Agama kA tyAga, aise mahAdoSa vaiyAvRtya na karane se utpanna hote haiN| AcArya kundakunda svAmI viracita pravacanasAra kI TIkA meM AcArya jayasena svAmI likhate haiM ki- rogI, bAla, guru tathA vRddha zramaNoM kI vaiyAvRtya ke nimitta zubhopayoga yukta laukika janoM ke sAtha kI gaI bAtacIta nindita nahIM hai, yaha prazastabhUta caryA rAgasahita hone ke kAraNa zramaNoM ko gauNa hotI hai aura gRhasthoM ko kramazaH paramanirvANa saukhya kA kAraNa hone se mukhya hai| vaiyAvRtya kI tapa meM bhI aura solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM meM bhI gaNanA hai| jo vaiyAvRtya tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha karAtI hai, aisI bhAvanA ko Avazyaka rUpa se dhAraNa karanA hI caahie| isa prakAra AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ne vaiyAvRtya ko zikSAvrata ke sAtha-sAtha dAna meM bhI grahaNa kiyA hai| dAnAdi karane evaM zikSAvratoM ko pAlana karanA hama sabakA dharma hai| ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki vaiyAvRtya- dAna bhI, dharma bhii| sandarbha sUcI1. bhAvapAhur3a - AcArya kundakundasvAmI 2. ra. ka. zrA. zloka-111 3. vahI zloka-11 4. kArtikeyAnuprekSA gAthA 457 5. sa. si. 6/24,9/20 6. rAjavArtika 9/24/15 -16 7. dhavalA 823, 41/88/8, 13/5, 4, 26/63 8. cAritrasAra 150/3 9. ra. ka. zrA. zloka-113 10. vasunandizrAvakAcAra gAthA 225 11. mUlAcAra gAthA 926, anagAra dharmAmRta 4/125 12. ra. ka. zrA. zloka-11 13. vahI zloka-118 14. mUlAcAra gAthA 307 15. tattvArthasUtra 9/24 16. ra. ka. zrA. zloka-113 TIkA 17. puruSArthasiddhyupAya 18. ra. ka. zrA. zloka-114 19. vahI zloka-115 20. vahI zloka-116 21. vahI zloka-119 22. vahI zloka-121 23. tattvArthasUtra 7/36 -zodha adhyetA jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM (rAjasthAna)
Page #151
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattvArthavArtika meM varNita zrutajJAna aura usakI dArzanika mImAMsA ___ -DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina jainanyAya ke pratiSThApaka AcArya akalaMkadeva dvArA racita prAyaH sabhI graMtha dArzanikatA se paripUrNa haiM, unhIM graMthoM meM tattvArthavArtika nAmaka grantha bhI hai, jo tattvArthasUtra para likhe gaye vArtikoM se saMvalita vyAkhyA graMtha hai| tattvArthasUtra kA viSaya saiddhAntika aura Agamika hai| phalata: tattvArthavArtika meM usI viSaya kA prAdhAnya honA svAbhAvika hai| Agama aura siddhAnta meM jJAna kI pramukhatA hotI hai| samyaktva ke sadbhAva meM jJAna samyagjJAna saMjJA se abhihita hotA hai| samyagjJAna mati, zruta, avadhi, mana:paryaya, kevala bhedarUpa se pAMca prakAra kA hai| ina pA~coM meM zrutajJAna kA vizeSa sthAna aura mahattva hai| 'zrutajJAna' kA viSayabhUta artha zruta hai| 'zruta' zabda kI nirukti hai "zrUyate anena tat zrRNoti zravaNamAtraM vA shrutm| jisake dvArA padArtha sunA jAtA hai| jo sunatA hai yA sunanA mAtra zruta kahalAtA hai| yaha zruta zabda sunane rUpa artha kI mukhyatA se niSpAdita hai to bhI rUr3hi se usakA vAcya koI jJAna vizeSa hai| jaise kuzala zabda kA vyutpatti artha kuza ko kATane vAlA hotA hai phira bhI usa vyutpatti artha ko chor3akara sarvatra kuzala kA artha rUr3hivaza catura kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra zruta zabda kA bhI vyutpatti artha sunA huA hai tathApi rUr3hivaza usakA zrutajJAna rUpa jJAna vizeSa artha liyA jAtA hai| zrutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai| arthAt matijJAna ke bAda aspaSTa artha kI tarkaNA ko lie hue jo jJAna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| AcArya kArtikeya ne kahA hai- jo parokSa rUpa se saba vastuoM ko anekAnta rUpa darzAtA hai| saMzaya, viparyaya Adi se rahita hotA hai, usa jJAna ko zrutajJAna kahate haiN| yaha indriya aura mana kI sahAyatA se hone vAle matijJAnapUrvaka to hotA hai kintu isameM mana kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai jaisA ki tattvArthavArtikakAra kaha rahe haiM- zabda sunane ke bAda jo mana kI hI pradhAnatA se arthajJAna hotA hai, vaha zruta hai| eka ghar3e ko indriya aura mana se jAnakara tajjAtIya vibhinna dezakAlavartI ghaToM ke saMbandha se jAti Adi kA jo vicAra hotA hai vaha zruta hai| jIva ko jAnakara satsaMkhyAdi anuyogoM ke dvArA nAnA prakAra se varNana karane meM jo samartha hotA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai| AcArya zrI vIrasenasvAmI jisa jJAna meM matijJAna kAraNa par3atA hai, jo matijJAna se grahaNa kiye gaye padArtha ko chor3akara tatsaMbandhita dUsare padArtha meM vyApAra karatA hai aura zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazama se utpanna hotA hai, use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| zrutarUpa upAdhi ke kAraNa jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hotA hai
Page #152
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 suttaM jiNovadiLaM poggaladavvappagehiM vynnehi| taM jANaNA hi NANaM suttassa ya jANaNA bhnniyaa||15|| pravacanasAra pudgala dravyAtmaka divyadhvani vacanoM ke dvArA jinendra bhagavAn se upadiSTa sUtra dravya zruta hai, usakI jJapti jJAna hai| arthAt pUrvokta zabda zruta ke AdhAra se jo jJapti (jAnanA) hai, vaha jJAna kahA jAtA hai, usI jJAna ko sUtra kI jJapti-zrutajJAna kahA jAtA hai| AcArya zrI amRtacandradeva ne kahA hai ki samyaktva ke sadbhAva meM zrutajJAna aura mithyAtva ke rahane para kuzruta jJAna rahatA hai| arthAt zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama se aura mana ke avalambana se mUrta-amUrta dravya kA vikalpa rUpa se vizeSataH avabodhana karatA hai, vaha zrutajJAna hai aura mithyAdarzana ke udaya ke sAtha zrutajJAna hI kuzrutajJAna hai|' tattvArthasAra meM zrutajJAna ke lakSaNa ke sAtha bhedoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai "matijJAna dvArA jAne hue viSaya kA avalambana lekara usI viSaya saMbandhI jo uttara tarkaNA utpanna hotI hai use zrutajJAna kahate haiN| isake bIsa bheda kiye gaye haiN| zrutajJAna ke aneka paryAyavAcI nAma haiN| zrutajJAna ko tarka bhI kahate haiN| isa zrutajJAna meM samasta padArthoM taka ko jAnane kI sAmarthya hai| AcAryoM ne ise kevalajJAna sadRza kahA hai| "dvAdazAMga aura caudahapUrva rUpa paramAgama saMjJA vAlA dravya zruta hai, vaha mUrta aura amUrta donoM prakAra ke dravyoM ke jJAna ke viSaya meM parokSa kI vyApti jJAnarUpa se kevalajJAna ke sadRza hai| kevalajJAna aura syAdvAda zruta meM tattvoM ko jAnane meM mAtra sAkSAt (pratyakSa) evaM asAkSAt (parokSa) kA bheda hai| ina donoM meM se kisI eka ke bhI abhAva meM vastu kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| pravacanasAra kI TIkA tAtparya vRtti meM kahA hai ki vicitra guNa paryAyoM sahita samasta padArtha zramaNoM ko svayameva jJeyabhUta hote haiM kyoMki zramaNa vicitra guNa-paryAya vAle sarva dravyoM meM vyApaka anekAntAtmaka zruta jJAnopayoga rUpa hokara pariNamita hote haiM isalie yaha kathana satya hai ki Agama cakSu vAloM ko kucha adRzya nahIM hai| hA~, dravyazruta jJAna kA viSaya samasta padArthoM kA anantavAM bhAga bhale hI ho kintu bhAvazruta jJAna kA viSaya samasta padArtha haiM kyoMki aisA mAne binA tIrthakaroM ke vacanAtizaya kA abhAva hogaa| zrutajJAna ko bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne dravya Adi sAmAnya se anAdinidhana kahA hai| kisI puruSa ne kahIM aura kabhI kisI bhI prakAra se dravya sAmAnya Adi kI racanA nahIM kI hai| hA~, unhIM dravya Adi vizeSa naya kI apekSA usakA Adi aura anta saMbhava hai isalie matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai aisA kahA jAtA hai| bIjAGkuravat anAdinidhana hai| 4 chadmasthajIva bhAvazruta jJAna dvArA nija zuddha AtmA kA anubhava karate haiM tathA kevalI bhagavAn kevalajJAna dvArA nija zuddha AtmA kA anubhava karate haiM isalie AtmAnubhava aura AtmajJAna kI apekSA se kevalajJAna aura zrutajJAna meM samAnatA hai jaisAki AcArya amRtacandra svAmI kahate haiM- jaise bhagavAn yugapat pariNamana karate hue samasta caitanya vizeSa yukta kevalajJAna dvArA anAdi nidhana-niSkAraNa (ahetuka) asAdhAraNa-svasaMvedyamAna caitanya sAmAnya jisakI mahimA hai tathA jo cetaka svabhAva se ekatva hone se kevala (akhaNDa) hai, aise AtmA kA
Page #153
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 AtmA se AtmA meM anubhava karane ke kAraNa kevalI haiM, usI prakAra chadmastha puruSa bhI kramazaH pariNamita hote hue kucha caitanya vizeSoM se yukta zrutajJAna ke dvArA anAdi nidhana niSkAraNa-asAdhAraNa-svasaMvedyamAna caitanya sAmAnya jisakI mahimA hai tathA jo cetaka svabhAva ke dvArA ekatva hone se kevala (akelA) hai, aise AtmA kA AtmA se AtmA meM anubhava karane ke kAraNa zrutakevalI hai| ukta kathana meM kevalajJAnI aura zrutajJAnI donoM ko avizeSa dikhalAyA gayA hai| jaise kevalajJAna ke dvArA AtmA kA jAnapanA hotA hai, vaisA zrutajJAna se bhI AtmA kA jJAna hotA hai| AtmajJAna ke lie donoM jJAna barAbara haiN| kevalajJAna pratyakSa pramANa rUpa hai aura zrutajJAna parokSa pramANa hai| zrutajJAnarUpa kAraNa se kevalarUpa kArya kI utpatti hotI hai, "sampUrNa padArthoM ko jAnane vAle kevalajJAna kI utpatti to pUrvavartI pUrNadvAdazAMga zrutajJAna rUpa kAraNa se hotI huI mAnI gaI hai| isIlie yaha samajhanA cAhie ki zrutajJAna kA mAhAtmya acintya hai| kahA bhI hai ki zrutajJAna ke lie hI jIvana kI prApti sArthaka hai, isake binA zarIra vRddhi nirarthaka hai zrutAya yeSAM na zarIra vRddhiH, zrutaM cAritrAya ca yeSu naiv| teSAM balitvaM nanu pUrva karma, vyApArabhAro vahanAya mnye|| yaza.campU jinakA jIvana zrutajJAna ke lie nahIM hai aura zrutajJAna cAritra ke lie nahIM hai, unakA balavAn honA pUrva karma ke vyApAra bhAra ko Dhone ke lie hI hai|" / zrutajJAna kA vinayapUrvaka adhyayana karane se pramAda se vismRta bhI ho jAne para bhI yaha zruta AgAmI bhavoM meM kevalajJAna prApti kA kAraNa hotA hai| zrutajJAna samasta rogoM ko dUra karane vAlI auSadhi hai| samprati to AtmakalyANa ke lie zrutajJAna se bar3hakara dUsarA koI bhI jJAna nahIM hai atyalpAmatirakSajA matirayaM bodho'vadhiH sAvadhiH, sAzcaryaH kvacideva yogini sa ca svalpo mnHpryyH| duSyApaM punaradya kevalamidaM jyotiH kathA gocaraM, mAhAtmyaM nikhilArthage tu sulabhe kiM varNayAmaH shrute|| indriyoM se hone vAlA yaha matijJAna atyanta alpa hai| avadhijJAna avadhi-sImA se sahita hai, Azcarya se yukta mana:paryayajJAna kisI muni vizeSa ke hotA hai phira bhI atyanta alpa hai aura yaha kevalajJAna rUpa jyoti isa samaya atyanta durlabha hone se mAtra kathA kA viSaya hai, parantu zrutajJAna samasta padArthoM ko viSaya karatA hai tathA sulabha bhI hai| ataH isake mAhAtmya kA varNana kyA kareM? zrutajJAna ko mukhyatA dete hue samantabhadrAcArya ne samasta zAstroM ko prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ke bheda se cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| mAnava ina cAra anuyogoM kA Azraya kara apane zrutajJAna rUpa samyagjJAna ko puSTa kara sakatA hai| avadhijJAna, manaHparyayajJAna aura kevalajJAna to tattat AvaraNoM kA abhAva hone para svayaM pragaTa hote haiM, unameM manuSya kA puruSArtha nahIM calatA hai kintu anuyogAtmaka zrutajJAna meM puruSArtha dvArA AtmakalyANa karanA zakya hai| isakA lokottara gaurava kA bodha to isa jJAna
Page #154
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 ke bheda-prabheda ko jAnakara hI ho sakatA hai| ataH saMkSipta rUpa meM bhedoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha jJAna do bheda rUpa hai zabdaliMgaja aura arthaliMgaja / akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna evaM anakSarAtmaka (go.jI.315) dravyazruta aura bhAvazruta (go. jI. 348 ) / 58 laukika zabda liMgaja zrutajJAna sAmAnya puruSa ke mukha se nikale hue vacana samudAya se jo utpanna hotA hai, vaha laukika zabda liMgaja zrutajJAna hai| asatya bolane ke kAraNoM se rahita puruSa ke mukha se nikale hue vacana samudAya se zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha lokottara zabda liMgaja zrutajJAna hai dhUmAdika padArtharUpa liMga se jo zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha artha liMgaja zrutajJAna hai| isakA dUsarA nAma anumAna hai| 20 akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna- "jIvaH asti" aisA zabda kahane para karNa indriya rUpa matijJAna ke dvArA " jIvaH asti" yaha zabda grahaNa kiyA gayA / isa zabda se jIva nAmaka padArtha hai, aisA jJAna huA so zrotrendriya se utpanna matijJAna hai / isa zabda ke vAcyarUpa AtmA ke astitva meM vAcya - vAcaka saMbandha ke saMketa grahaNapUrvaka jo jJAna utpanna hai, vaha akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai kyoMki yaha jJAna akSarAtmaka zabda se utpanna huA hai| anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna- paramArthajJAna akSara rUpa nahIM hai, jaise zItala pavana kA sparza hone para vahA~ zItala pavana kA jAnanA to matijJAna hai aura usa jJAna se vAyu kI prakRti vAle ko yaha pavana aniSTa hai, aisA jAnanA zrutajJAna hai| so yaha anakSarAtmaka liMga janya zrutajJAna hai kyoMki yaha akSara ke nimitta se utpanna nahIM huA hai| " dravyazruta- pudgala dravya svarUpa varNa-pada vAkyAtmaka hai| yaha AcArAMga Adi aMga, utpAda Adi pUrva tathA sAmAyikAdi caudaha prakIrNaka rUpa jAnanA / bhAvazruta- dravyazruta ko sunane se hone vAlA jJAna bhAvazruta hai| yaha anakSarAtmaka paryAya aura paryAyasamAsa jJAnoM ko milAne para bIsa prakAra kA hai| 2 aMgabAhya 23 aura aMgapraviSTa ke bheda se lokottara zabda liMgaja zruta do bheda rUpa hai| aMga bAhya zruta artha ke jJAtA gaNadhara deva ke ziSya-praziSyoM ke dvArA kAladoSa se alpa Ayu aura alpa buddhi vAle prANiyoM ke anugraha ke lie aMgoM ke AdhAra se race gaye saMkSipta graMtha aMgabAhya haiN| sukhabodhinI tattvArthavRtti meM aMgabAhya ko kAlika aura utkAlika ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| isake bhedoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai(1) sAmAyika- jo samatA bhAva ke vidhAna kA varNana karatA hai vaha sAmAyika hai| (2) caturviMzatistava - isameM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA vidhi unake nAma, saMsthAna, utsedha, pA~ca kalyANaka, cauMtIsa atizayoM ke svarUpa aura tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA kI saphalatA kA varNana hai| (3) vandanA - yaha eka jinendradeva saMbandhI aura una eka jinendra deva ke avalambana se jinAlaya saMbandhI vaMdanA kA varNana karatA hai| (4) pratikramaNa - isameM sAta prakAra ke pratikramaNoM kA vivecana hai| (5) vainayika pA~ca prakAra ke vinayoM ko isameM varNita kiyA gayA hai|
Page #155
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 (6) kRtikarma- isameM arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI pUjA vidhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (7) dazavakAlika- isameM dazavaikAlikoM kA varNana hai sAtha meM muniyoM kI AcAravidhi aura gocara vidhi kA bhI varNana hai| (8) uttarAdhyayana- aneka prakAra ke praznoM ke samAdhAnAtmaka uttara isameM haiN| isI meM batAyA gayA hai ki cAra prakAra ke upasarga kaise sahana karanA caahie| bAIsa parISahoM ko sahana karane kI vidhi kyA hai? ina sabhI ke uttara haiN| (9) kalpya vyavahAra- isameM sAdhuoM kI prAyazcitta vidhi kA varNana hai| (10) kalpyAkalpya- dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA "muniyoM ke lie yaha yogya hai aura yaha ayogya hai|" inhIM saba bAtoM kA varNana karatA hai| (11) mahAkalpya- kAla aura saMhanana kA Azraya kara sAdhu ke yogya dravya aura kSetrAdi kA varNana karane vAlA hai| (12) puNDarIka- bhavanavAsI Adi cAra prakAra ke devoM meM utpatti ke kAraNa rUpa dAna, pUjA, tapazcaraNa Adi anuSThAnoM kA varNana karatA hai| (13) mahApuNDarIka- samasta indroM aura pratIndroM meM utpatti ke kAraNa rUpa tapovizeSa Adi AcaraNa kA varNana karatA hai| (14) niSiddhikA- bahuta prakAra ke prAyazcitta ke pratipAdana karane vAle Agama ko niSiddhikA kahate haiN| isa prakAra aMgabAhya zAstroM kA paricaya diyA gyaa| prasaMgaprApta aMga praviSTa ke bhedoM kI pratipAdya viSaya-vastu ko prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai aMgapraviSTa- bhagavAn arahanta sarvajJa dvArA pratipAdita arthazruta se zabdazruta kA gumphana buddhyAdi RddhiyoM ke svAmI gaNadharoM dvArA kiyA jo dvAdazAMga rUpa hai, vahI aMgapraviSTa jAnanA caahie| una dvAdazAMga kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai| (1) AcArAMga- isameM muniyoM kA trayodaza prakAra kA cAritra nirUpita hai| sAtha meM ATha prakAra kI zuddhi Adi kA bhI varNana hai| (2) sUtrakRtAMga- jisameM jJAna vinaya, prajJApanA, kalpya-akalpya, chedopasthApanA Adi vyavahAra dharma kI kriyAoM kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha sUtrakRtAMga hai| sthAnAMga- jisameM arthoM ke eka-eka, do-do Adi aneka AzrayarUpa se padArthoM kA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sthAnAMga hai| (4) samavAyAMga- jisameM sarva padArthoM kI samAnatA rUpa se samavAya kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha samavAyAMga hai| (5) vyAkhyAprajJapti- isa aMga meM "jIva hai ki nahI?" ityAdi sATha hajAra praznoM kA uttara yA nirUpaNa hai| (6) jJAtRdharmakathAMga- isa aMga meM aneka AkhyAnoM aura upAkhyAnoM kA varNana hai|
Page #156
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ (7) (8) anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 upAsakAdhyayanAMga-isa aMga meM zrAvaka dharma kA vizeSarUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anta:kRddazAMga- saMsAra kA anta jinhoMne kara diyA hai, ve antakRta haiM, RSabhAdi caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya meM daza-daza muni ghoropasarga sahana karake anta:kRta kevalI hue haiM, una dasa-dasa muniyoM kA varNana jisameM hai, usako antakRddazAMga kahate haiM athavA anta:kRtoM kI dshaa-ant:kRddshaa| usameM arhanta hone kI vidhi tathA siddha hone kI antima vidhi kA varNana hai| anuttaropapAdikadazAMga- upapAda janma hI hai jisakA vaha aupAdika hai| vijaya Adi pA~ca anuttaroM meM paidA hone vAloM ko anuttaropapAdika kahate haiN| una anuttaropapAdika kI dazA kA varNana jisameM kiyA gayA hai, isa aMga kA nAma anuttaropapAdikadazAMga hai| isameM vijaya Adi anuttara vimAnoM kI Ayu, vikriyA, kSetra Adi kA varNana (10) praznavyAkaraNAMga- isa aMga meM yukti aura nayoM ke dvArA aneka AkSepa-vikSepa rUpa praznoM kA uttara hai tathA usameM sabhI laukika aura vaidika arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| (11) vipAkasUtrAMga- isa aMga meM puNya aura pApa ke phala kA vicAra hai| (12) dRSTivAdAMga- isameM 363 kuvAdiyoM ke matoM kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana hai| isa prakAra saMkSiptataH bheda-prabheda ko jAnakara zrutajJAna kI dArzanikatA ko samajhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| zrutajJAna kI dArzanikatA ke viSaya meM to spaSTa hai ki tattvArthavArtika meM jo naya pramANa, nikSepa, saptabhaMgI, syAdvAda Adi saMbandhI vivecana hai, vaha saba zrutajJAna kA hI viSaya hai isalie ina sabhI dArzanika viSayoM kI vivecanA zrutajJAna kI dArzanika mImAMsA hI hai| vizeSa yaha hai ki zrutajJAna kA lakSaNa karate hue kAraNa-kArya vyavasthA ko darzAyA gayA hai| matijJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai| yahA~ matijJAna ko kAraNa kahA hai aura zrutajJAna ko kArya mAnA hai aisA mAnane para prazna hogA ki yadi zrutajJAna matijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai to zrutajJAna matyAtmaka hI honA cAhie kyoMki loka meM kAraNa ke samAna hI kArya dekhA jAtA hai? isa prazna kA samAdhAna isa prakAra hotA ki ghaTotpatti daNDAdika se hotI hai to bhI ghaTa daNDAdyAtmaka nahIM hotaa| matijJAna ke rahate hue bhI zrutajJAna nahIM hotaa| zrutajJAna to zrutajJAnAvaraNa karma kA prakarSa kSayopazama hone para hI hotA hai isalie matijJAna zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM nimitta mAtra jAnanA caahie| isI viSaya ko AcArya akalaMkadeva ne spaSTa karate hue isa prakAra kahA hai ki yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki kAraNa ke sadRza hI kArya honA cAhie kyoMki isa viSaya meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA karanI caahie| ghar3e kI bhAMti jaise pudgala dravya kI dRSTi se miTTI rUpa kAraNa ke samAna ghar3A hotA hai| parapiNDa aura ghaTa paryAyoM kI apekSA donoM vilakSaNa haiM, usI taraha caitanya dravya meM mati aura zruta donoM eka haiM kyoMki mati bhI jJAna hai aura zruta bhI jJAna hai kintu tattat jJAna paryAyoM kI dRSTi se donoM
Page #157
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 jJAna judA-judA haiN| mati aura zruta meM samyak vyapadeza yugapat hotA hai na ki utptti| donoM kI utpatti to apane-apane kAraNoM se kramazaH hI hotI hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke apane-apane zrutajJAnAvaraNa ke kSayopazama ke anusAra zruta kI utpatti hotI hai| ata: matijJAnapUrvaka hone para bhI sabhI ke zrutajJAnoM meM vizeSatA banI rahatI hai| kAraNa bheda se kArya bheda kA niyama sarvasiddha hai| aisA bhI prazna khar3A hotA hai ki karNendriya kA nimitta pAkara matijJAna aura zrutajJAna hote haiM isalie donoM kA ekapanA hai| isakA nirAkaraNa karate hue AcArya zrI vidyAnandi kA kahanA hai ki karNa-indriya ko sAkSAt nimitta mAnakara zrutajJAna kA utpanna honA asiddha hai| zrutajJAna kA anindriyavAn arthAt mana ko nimitta mAnakara aura pratyakSa se nahIM dekhe gaye sajAtIya aura vijAtIya aneka arthoM kA vicAra karanA rUpa svabhAvoM se sahitapane karake prasiddhi ho rahI hai| vizeSa yaha hai ki yadyapi IhA matijJAna aura zrutajJAna donoM hI mana se hote haiM kintu jisa prakAra IhAjJAna kA nimittapanA mana ko prApta hai usa prakAra kA nimittapanA mana meM zrutajJAna kA nahIM hai| kevala sAmAnya rUpa se usa mana kA nimittapanA to mati aura zruta ke tAdAtmyapane kA gamana hetu nahIM hai| AcArya guNadhara svAmI ne to zrutajJAna ko kAraNa-kArya donoM hI kahA hai unhoMne kahA ki matijJAnapavUka hI zrutajJAna hotA hai so bhI kahanA ThIka nahIM kyoMki zrutajJAna se bhI zrutajJAna kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| isI ko samajhAte hue AcArya akalaMkadeva likhate haiM "ghaTa zabda ko sunakara prathama ghaTa artha kA zrutajJAna huA, usa zruta se jaladhAraNAdi kAryoM kA jo dvitIya zrutajJAna utpanna hotA hai use zrutapUrvaka zruta hone se matipUrvaka nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ata: lakSaNa avyApta ho jAtA hai| isI taraha dhUma artha kA jJAna prathama zruta huA usase utpanna hone vAle avinAbhAvI agni ke jJAna meM zrutapUrvakatva zrutatva hone se matipUrvaka lakSaNa avyApta ho jAtA hai| aisI zaMkA karane vAle ko samajhanA cAhie ki lakSaNa to pUrNarUpa se nirduSTa hai kyoMki prathama zrutajJAna meM matijanya hone se 'matijJAnatva' kA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai aura isa taraha dvitIya zruta meM bhI matipUrvakatva siddha ho jAtA hai| zrutajJAna kI utpatti AbhinibodhakajJAnapUrvaka bhI kahI gaI hai| abhinibodha anumAna kA nAma hai| anumAna matijJAna kA eka bheda hai| isalie AbhinibodhakajJAnapUrvaka zrutajJAna kI utpatti hotI hai, aisA mAnanA yaha dikhAtA hai ki zrutajJAna svArthAnumAna pUrvaka hotA hai, parantu kevala aisA nizcaya kara lenA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki IhAdi jJAnoM ke bAda bhI zrutajJAna kA ho jAnA saMbhava hai| zrutajJAna meM jo matijJAna ko kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, vaha kevala isalie hai ki kisI vastu ke sAdhAraNa jJAna hue binA vizeSAvabhAsI zrutajJAna kaise ho? arthAt zrutajJAna ke utpanna karane meM prathama utpanna hue matijJAna ke viSaya kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai| itanA hI nahIM yahAM kArya kAraNapanA hai isalie Abhinibodhaka kA artha matijJAna karanA caahie|' spaSTa hai ki matijJAna zrutajJAna kI utpatti meM nimitta hai isalie kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake kahIM-kahIM anumAna Adi kA matijJAna rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai|
Page #158
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 nyAyadarzana kI mAnyatA hai ki jJAna apane Apako nahIM jAnatA hai| eka jJAna dUsare jJAna se jAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai, jaise ghaTa aadi| isa mAnyatA ko asvIkArate hue jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA kahanA dIpaka ke sAtha vyabhicAra rUpa hai kyoMki pradIpa apane Apa prameya yA jAnane yogya jJeya hai, usake prakAza ke lie anya kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usI prakAra jJAna bhI apane Apa hI apane AtmA ko prakAza karatA hai, usake lie anya jJAna ke hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jJAna svayaM sva-para prakAzaka hai| yadi jJAna dUsare jJAna se prakAzatA hai, taba vaha jJAna phira anya jJAna se prakAzatA hai, aisA mAnA jAyegA to atIta AkAza meM phailane vAlI aura jisakA dUra karanA atikaThina hai so anavasthA prApta ho jaayegii| jo mUlakSayakAriNI hotI hai| isalie jinamata dvArA mAnya jJAna sva-para prakAzatA yukta hai| sva-para prakAzaka svarUpa zrutajJAna anAdi-nidhana aura sAdi-sAnta hai kyoMki saMpUrNa zruta dravyArthika naya kI dRSTi se kisI ke dvArA racita nahIM hone se anAdi nidhana hai aura paryAyArthika naya kI dRSTi se anuvAdadvAra se racita hone se sAdi-sAnta bhI hai| racanA rUpa zruta 1634837888 madhyama padoM se sRjita huaa| samasta zruta ke akSaroM kA pramANa 184 zaMkha 46 padma 74 nIla 40 kharaba 70 karor3a 95 lAkha 51 hajAra 615 hai| yaha aparimeya akSara pramANa zrutajJAna svArtha aura parArtha kI vivakSA se bhI varNita hai, unameM parArtha zrutajJAna dravyArthika, paryAyArthika, naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha, evaMbhUta naya, arthanaya, zabdanaya, nizcaya-vyavahAra Adi ko lie hue aneka naya rUpa hai| aMga pUrvagata zrutajJAna kA dhAraka hI zrutajJAnI hotA hai| zrutajJAnI isI zrutajJAna ke Azraya se zreNI ke prAraMbha se dasaveM guNasthAna ke anta taka dravya, guNa, paryAya Adi nAnA bheda rUpa vastu kA dhyAna karate haiN| isa prakAra dravya, guNa, paryAya, naya, nikSepa Adi kA varNana varNana bhI zrutajJAna kI dArzanikatA kA hI paricAyaka hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika meM parokSa pramANa ke antargata matijJAna aura zrutajJAna kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| anya (jainetara) dArzanikoM dvArA mAnya anumAnAdi pramANoM ko zruta kA viSaya svIkArate hue zrutajJAna ke antarbhUta pratipAdita kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "anumAna Adi kA antarbhAva zruta meM ho jAtA hai, ata: unakA pRthak upadeza nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa pUrvaka anamAna tIna prakAra hai- pUrvavat, zeSavat aura saamaanytodRsstt| agni aura dhUma ke avinAbhAva ko jisa vyakti ne pahale grahaNa kara liyA hai, use pIche dhUma ko dekhakara agni kA jJAna honA pUrvavat anumAna hai| jisane pUrva meM sIMga aura sIMga vAle ke saMbandha ko dekhA hai, pazcAt sIMga ke rUpa ko dekhakara sIMga vAle kA anumAna honA zeSavat anumAna hai| devadatta ko dezAntara kI prApti gamana pUrvaka dekhakara sUrya meM dezAntara prAptirUpa hetu se gati kA anumAna karanA sAmAnyatodRSTa anumAna hai| ina tInoM prakAra ke anumAnAdika kA svapratipattikAla meM anakSara zruta meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai tathA parapratipattikAla meM akSara zruta meM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| gAya jaisA gavaya hotA hai, kevala sAsnA rahita hai, isa upamAna
Page #159
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 63 vAkya ko sunakara jaMgala meM gavaya ko dekhakara usase gavaya saMjJA ke saMbandha ko jAna lenA upamAna hai| yaha bhI sva-para pratipatti viSaya meM akSara aura anakSara zruta meM antarbhUta ho jAtA hai| zabda pramANa to zruta hI hai|" bhagavAn vRSabhadeva ne yaha kahA ityAdi prAcIna paraMparAgata tathya aitihya pramANa hai| isakA bhI zrutajJAna meM antarbhAva hotA hai| 'prakRti puSTa yaha mAnava dina meM nahIM khAkara bhI jItA hai' isa vAkya ko sunakara arthAt 'yaha rAtri meM khAtA hai' isa prakAra rAtribhojana kA jJAna kara lenA arthApatti hai| "cAra prastha kA Ar3haka hotA hai" isa jJAna ke hone para 'Adhe Ar3haka kA eka kur3ava hotA hai' aisI saMbhAvanA saMbhava nAmaka pramANa hai| vanaspatiyoM meM(tRNa, gulma Adi ke) sneha, parNa, phalAdi ke abhAva ko dekhakara anumAna lagAnA ki yahAM varSA nahIM huI hai yaha abhAva pramANa hai| ina saba anukta anumAna samAna arthApatti Adi pramANoM kA zrutajJAna meM hI antarbhAva hai kyoMki sabhI ukta viSayoM meM vizeSa rUpa se tarkaNA-Uhana hai| jahA~ tarkaNA/ciMtana ho vahA~ zrutajJAna hI hotA hai| isa prakAra zrutajJAna kI dArzanikatA ko tattvArthavArtika Adi aneka graMthoM meM pratipAdita naya-nikSepa-pramANa, kAraNa-kArya Adi kI vivecanA pUrvaka varNita kiyA gayA hai| vivecanA zrutajJAna ke sarvAtizAyI mAhAtmya ko prastuta karane vAlI hone se bhI atyadhika upayogI hai| saMdarbha: 1. zrutajJAna viSayo'rthaH shrutm| tattvAthavArtika 2/21 2. savArthasiddhi 1/9/14/1 zrutazabdo jahatsvArthavRttI rUr3hivazAt kushlshbdvt|| tattvArthavArtika 1/20/1 savapi aNeyattaM parokkharUveNa jaM pyaasedi| taM suyaNANaM bhaNNadi saMsaya pahudIhi prictt|| kA.A. 262 5. tattvArthavArtika 1/9/27-28 6. dhavalA 1/1/1, 2/13/5 7. paJcAstikAya gAthA 41 kI tattvapradIpikA ttiikaa| 8. matipUrva zrutaM proktmvspssttaarthtrknnm| tatparyAyAdi bhedena vyAsAda viMzatidhA bhvet|| tattvArthasAra 1/24-25 9. paJcAstikAya 99 tAtparyavRtti 10. AptamImAMsA 105 11. pravacana, pravacanIya, pravacanArtha, gatiyoM meM mArgaNatA, AtmA, paraMparA, labdhi, anuttara,prAvacana, pravacanI, pravacanAddhA, pravacanasannikarSa, nayavidhi, bhaMgavidhi, pRcchA vidhi, tattva pUrNa aadi| dhavalA 13/280 12. pravacanasAra tAtparyavRtti 235, pravacanasAra 33 kI tattvapradIpikA vRttiH pRSTha 76 13. dhavalA pu. 9/57 14. tattvArthavArtika 1/20/7 15. kevalasya sakala shrutpuurvktvopdeshaat| zlokavArtika 3/1/9/33/27/3 16. viNaeNa sudamadhIdaM jadi vi pamAdeNa hodi vissridN| tamua vaTThadi parabhave kevalaNANaM hi aavhdi|| mUlAcAra 887
Page #160
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 6A anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 17. jiNavayaNa mosahamiNaM visayasuhavireyaNaM amiybhuuyN| jaramaraNa bAhi haraNaM khayakaraNaM savva dukkhaannN|| mUlAcAra 18. jayadhavalA 1/341 19. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 316 20. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 348 21. ATha karoDa eka lAkha ATha hajAra eka sau pacahattara aMga bAhya ke akSaroM kA pramANa hai| 22. dvAdazAMga ke samasta pada eka sau bAraha karor3a bayAlIsa lAkha aTThAvana hajAra pAMca hote haiN| 23. sarvArthasiddhi pRSTha 206 24. tattvArthavArtika 1/20/5 25. tattvArthazlokavArtika 26. zlokavArtika 3/1/9/33/27 27. zlokavArtika 3/1/0/32/26/20 28. kasAyapAhuDa 1/1/1 29. tattvArthavArtika 1/20/10-12 30. vahI 1/20/18 31. pravacanasAra gAthA 26 jayasenAcArya kRta TIkA pRSTha 46 32. tattvArthavRtti sukhabodhinI 33. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 355 34. tattvArthavArtika 20/15 pRSTha 211-12 (anumAnAdInAM pRthaganupadezaH zrutAvarodhAt) 35. vizeSeNa tarkaNamUhanaM vitarkaH shrutjnyaanmityrthH| tattvArthavArtika 9/43 bhASya ***** -esosiyaTa prophesara saMskRta vibhAga, di. jaina kaoNleja, bar3auta-250611 (uttarapradeza)
Page #161
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mAnava dharma kI pRSThabhUmiH eka anuzIlana -nirmalA jaina 'yogazAstra' meM yoga ke vividha aMgoM kA varNana hai| jinapara calakara koI bhI sAdhaka laghu se mahAn, kSudra se virATa aura jIvana kI ananta divyatA kA varaNa kara sakatA hai| strI yA puruSa, jaina yA ajaina, mAnava mAtra usakA AcaraNa kara sakatA hai| aise sahaja, sarala evaM vyApaka mAnava dharma kA ciMtana manana kara jIvana meM utAranA hI mAnava dharma hai| dharma kA adhikArI: adhikArI se abhiprAya hai paatrtaa| kisI bhI vastu ko prApta karane se pUrva usake yogya bnnaa| vastu ko dhAraNa karane kI yogyatA nahIM hone para haThAt usako dhAraNa karane se vastu evaM vyakti donoM kA aniSTa hotA hai| kacce ghar3e meM yadi amRta bhara diyA jAye to ghar3A aura amRta donoM naSTa ho jAte haiM- 'AmakumbhA eva vaarigrbhaaH|" siMhanI kA dUdha sone ke pAtra meM hI ThaharatA hai| yogya meM yogya kA AdhAna hI zreSTha hotA hai- "yogyena hi yogya saMgamaH"1 jisa prakAra kuzala citrakAra gAre kI dIvAra para citra nahIM banA sakatA usake lie use acchI, sApha aura cikanI dIvAra caahie| isI prakAra kisAna acchI se acchI kisma ke bIja ko kheta meM DAlane se pUrva bhUmi ko taiyAra karatA hai| vastu ko dhAraNa karane ke lie tadanukUla yogyatA Avazyaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se jaba pUchA gayA ki dharma kA adhikArI kauna hai? unhoMne batAyA "dhammo suddhassa ciTThai"- dharma zuddha hRdaya meM ThaharatA hai| pavitra hRdaya hI dharma kA AdhAra hai|' hRdaya kI pavitratA jIvana meM malinatA, azuddhi evaM apavitratA hone se dharma nahIM hotaa| mana kI apavitratA dharma kI tejasvitA ko DhaMka detI hai, jisase dharma prakaTa nahIM ho paataa| jIvana rUpI bhUmi ko dharma ke yogya sadguNa banAte haiN| sadguNoM ke AcaraNa se mana aura jIvana pavitra evaM zuddha hotA hai, guNa jIvana-bhUmi ko taiyAra karate haiN| aNuvrata aura mahAvrata rUpI dharma kI pRSThabhUmi sadguNoM ke AdhAra para taiyAra ho sakatI hai| kuzala kisAna kI taraha jIvana kI bhUmi ko dharma kI khetI yogya banAne se dharma rUpI bIja svataH hI pallavita va puSpita hone lagate parivartana kI dazA caitanya sattA "AtmA" hai| azuddha dazA meM saMsArI aura zuddha avasthA meM paramAtmA hai| AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA nirapekSa hai jisakA varNana tarka, yuktiyoM, zabdAdi dvArA nahIM
Page #162
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 66 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArAMga meM kahA hai- "takkA jattha na vijjaI, maI tattha na gaahiyaa|" arthAt tarka usa dazA kA varNana nahIM kara sakatA, mati usakA anubhava grahaNa nahIM kara sktii| "naiSA tarkeNa matirApaneyA"- tarka ke dvArA, buddhi kI samajha meM Ane kA viSaya nahIM hai| parivartana kI avasthAe~ prasupta, supta, jAgRta, utthita aura smutthit| * prasuptaH- vaha avasthA jisameM jIva gAr3ha moha nidrAvaza niraMtara saMsAra paribhramaNa karatA hai| karmoM kA upazama tathA kSayopazama ho sakatA hai parantu kSaya nhiiN| AtmA meM nirvANa kI yogyatA hone para bhI pragAr3ha moha nidrA se yogyatA vikasita nahIM hotI hai| yahI "abhavyadazA" hai| * suptaH- isa avasthA meM tandrA, susupti jaisI sthiti rahatI hai| jJAna cakSu nahIM khula pAte sAtha hI satya kA darzana nahIM hotaa| yaha AtmA kI prathama guNasthAna kI sthiti hai| tattva ke prati jijJAsA se satya ko samajhane kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai lekina samyak bodha aura yathArtha dRSTi nhiiN| * jAgRta:- jJAna ke udaya se AtmA sva svarUpa ke bodha se mithyAtva, saMzaya evaM ajJAna se pare hotI hai| yaha caturtha guNasthAna kI avasthA hai| AtmA granthibheda se apUrvakaraNa kA anubhava karatA hai| upaniSad meM kahA hai bhidyate hRdaya- granthiridadadyante srvsNshyaaH| kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmin dRSTe praavre|| arthAt Atmadarzana se hRdaya kI samasta graMthiyA~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura samasta saMzaya kSINa ho jAte haiN| yaha avasthA Anandamaya hai| AtmajJAna prakAza se samyaktva kA adhikArI sva puruSArtha va parAkrama sUrya ko prakAzita karatA hai| AcArya saMghadAsagaNI kahate haiM "jaagrh| NarA nnicc| jAgaramANassa vaDDhate buddhi arthAt manuSya jaago| nidrA kA tyAga kro| jo jAgatA hai usakI buddhi bhI jAgatI hai| lokokti bhI hai "sovai so khovai, jAgai so paavai|" * utthitathA:- "uThThie no pamAyae jAgane ke pazcAt kahate haiM uTho pramAda na kro| durlabha samyaktva ko AtmasAta kara puruSArtha sahita Age agrasara honA AtmA kI utthita dazA hai| yaha pAMcaveM guNasthAna kI sthiti hai| dharmAcaraNa para bar3hane vAlA zrAvaka dharma/gRhastha dharma hai| zrAvaka utthita AtmA hai| *samutthitaH- samyak prakAra se calanA samutthita hai| jAgRta AtmA lakSya karake mArga para dRr3ha saMkalpa se calatA hai| yaha chaThe guNasthAna kI dazA hai| isa dazA meM sAdhaka kA vizvAsa atyanta dRr3ha, spaSTa aura sthira hotA hai| "paNayA vIrA mhaaviihi|
Page #163
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 sadguNoM ke vikAsa kI avasthA__kevala IMTa, patthara va cUne ke Dhera ghara nahIM haiN| jisameM gRhiNI, putrAdi parivAra sahita rahate haiM vahI ghara hai| gRhastha honA eka sthiti hai, sadgRhastha bananA eka guNa hai| gRhastha jIvana meM sadguNoM ke vikAsa se udAtta bhAvanAe~ aura ucca saMkalpa hote haiN| dharma ke AcaraNa se dharma kA adhikArI (saccA zrAvaka) banatA hai| AtmA kA svabhAva dharma hai| 'vatthusahAvo dha mmo' arthAt vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| jala kA svabhAva zItalatA, agni kA svabhAva uSNatA, AtmA kA svabhAva jJAnAnanda hai| vyavahAra dharma "savveSu maitrI, guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpaaprtvm| mAdhyasthyabhAvaM ca viparItavRttI, sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu dev||"9 maitrI, pramoda, karuNA aura mAdhyastha bhAvanA ye cAra dharma rUpa prAsAda ke stambha haiN| * maitrI:- isa bhAvanA meM AtmA saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ke prati mitratA kA saMkalpa karatA hai| maitrIbhAva abhaya detA hai| "metti me savva bhuuesu| mettiM bhUesu kppe|" veda evaM upaniSad meM bhI- mitrasya cakSuSA smiikssaamhe|" arthAt saba prANiyoM ko mitratA kI dRSTi se dekheN| maitrI bhAva jagat meM merA saba jIvoM se nitya rhe|" prANimAtra ke sAtha mitratA ke bhAva se jIvana meM Ananda, abhaya aura prasannatA prApta hotI hai| * pramodaH- prsnntaa| acchAI, sadguNoM ko dekhakara prasanna honA hRdaya meM Ananda honA pramoda bhAvanA hai| jo vyakti sadguNoM kI prazaMsA karatA hai usake jIvana meM bhI sadguNa Ate haiM aura vaha pratyeka paristhiti meM prasanna rahatA hai| .karuNA:- karuNA arthAt dayA, anukNpaa| dayA, karuNA, ahiMsA meM hamAre pratidina kI sabhI gatividhiyA~ A jAtI haiN| hamArI kisI bhI pravRtti se kisI prANI ko kaSTa, pIr3A na ho, vyavahAra meM parivAra, samAja evaM rASTrIya jIvana meM hamAre dvArA aisI koI pravRtti nahIM ho jisase zAMti bhaMga hotI ho| "AtmanaH pratikUlAni pareSAM na smaacret||13 jo Apake mana ke pratikUla AcaraNa hai vaisA dUsaroM ke lie na kreN| jaM icchasi appaNatto jaM ca na icchasi appnntto| taM iccha parassa vi ettiyaMga jinnsaasnny||14 jisa AtmA meM karuNA kI bhAvanA jAgRta hotI hai usameM zubha bhAvanAe~ hotI haiN| * mAdhyasthaH- madhyastha-do kinAroM ke madhya tthhrnaa| koI vyakti hamAre sAmane dharmaguru yA priya vyakti kI niMdA karatA hai to madhyastha vRtti se mana meM zAMti hotI hai ki "yaha ajJAnI hai, krodha Adi ke vaza meM hokara niMdA kara rahA hai, isase isakI AtmA kA patana ho rahA hai| yaha vyakti krodha kA nahIM varan dayA kA pAtra hai| isa prakAra kI madhyastha
Page #164
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 vRtti se vyAvahArika jIvana kI saikar3oM ulajhaneM sulajha jaayegii| jIvana meM kalaha, vivAda kama hoMge jisase zAMtimaya jIvana hogaa| Adarza jIvana maitrI, pramoda, karuNA evaM mAdhyastha bhAva se mAnava dharma kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra hotI hai| sAdhaka dharma kA bIja mana kI bhUmikA sadbhAvoM, maitrI Adi bhAvanAoM se dharma ke yogya banAne para vrata, niyama, tyAga Adi ke bIja saralatA va zIghratA se aMkurita hote haiN| mAnava jIvana uttaradAyitvoM kA jIvana hai| gRhastha jIvana kA kSetra vyApaka, uttaradAyitva asIma hai| parivAra, samAja, dharma evaM rASTra Adi ke dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karane meM mAnava dharma kI kuzalatA hai| yaha sAdhu jIvana kA bhI AdhAra hai| vyakti pratyeka kSetra meM apane karttavya niSThApUrvaka karake Adarza jIvana-yApana karatA hai| samyak AjIvikA:- AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM___"sacchAsayappaogA attho vIsaMbhao kaamo|" arthAt svaccha Azaya prayukta artha maryAdAnukUla kAma dharma virodhI nahIM hai| sadgRhastha "nyAyasampanna vibhavaH" nyAya-nItipUrvaka arthopaarjn| "nyAyopAttaM hi vittamubhayaloka hitAyeti....''16 nyAyopAttadhano yajan! guNagurUn sadIstrivarga bhjn| aura bhI kahA hai"anyAyopArjitaM vittaM dazavarSANi tisstthti| prApte tvekAdaze varSe samUlaM ca vinshyti||" bauddhadharma meM ASTAMgika mArga meM pA~cavAM mArga samyak AjIva arthAt nyAyapUrvaka jIvikA claanaa| nIti evaM nyAyapUrvaka vyApAra karake jIvikA calAne vAlA zrAvaka 'dhammAjIvI' hai| "samyak-pratipattiH sampattiH" arthAt jo nyAyapUrNa zuddha evaM sahI tarIke se prApta hotI hai vaha saMpatti hai| gAMdhIjI kA dRr3hasaMkalya hamezA satya bolnaa| satya meM sAhasa hotA hai, asatya meM kaayrtaa| satya meM spaSTatA hotI hai asatya meM chipaav| anyAya chipAva aura kAyaratA kA mArga hai| asatya se Atmapatana hotA hai, jIvana kA vikAsa ruka jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke mana meM jaba satya kI aTUTa niSThA hotI hai to Izvara hRdaya meM virAjamAna hotA hai| yahI mAnava dharma kA sAra hai| kahA hai "graMtha paMtha saba jagat ke bAta batAvata tiin| rAma hRdaya, mana meM dayA, tana sevA meM liin||" isa prakAra hRdaya kI pavitratA, sadguNoM ke dvArA Adarza jIvana evaM samyak AjIvikA se mAnava dharma kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra hotI hai|
Page #165
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 saMdarbha: 1. mahAkavi harSa- naiSadhIya caritam 2. uttarAdhyayana 3/12 3. AcArAMga 1/5/6 4. kaThopaniSad 2/9 5. muNDakopaniSad 2/2/8 6. bRhatkalpabhASya 7. AcArAMga 1/5/2 8. AcArAMga 9. AcArya amitagati dvAtriMzikA zloka 1 10. AvazyakasUtra 5 11. uttarAdhyayana 6/2 12. Rgveda 13. kRtya ratnAkara meM uddhRta 14. bRha. bhASya 4584 15. dazavaikAlika niyukti 264 16. dharmabindu prakaraNa- A. haribhadra 17. sAgAra dharmAmRta 11, paM. AzAdhara zodhArthI- sAkSI, 23 zAnti nagara, e-blaoNka, kezavanagara roDa, akSAMza kAmpaleksa ke sAmane, udayapura (rAjasthAna)
Page #166
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta kA prabhAvaH eka samIkSA -DaoN. Ananda kumAra jaina bhASA vicAra vinimaya kA sarvazreSTha sAdhana hai| bhASA kA prAraMbha kaba se huA, kaise huA isa viSaya meM koI sunizcita mata prastuta karanA bhASAzAstriyoM ke lie bhI duSkara hai, astu| bhArata ke sudUra atIta para dRSTipAta karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki vAstava meM prAkRta, pAli aura saMskRta bhASAoM kI yaha triveNI hai| jisase prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya rUpI saMgama AvirbhUta huaa| yadi hama prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya para dRSTipAta kareM to hama dekhate haiM ki usameM bhakti-sAhitya kA prAcurya hai| isakA eka mAtra kAraNa yaha hai ki bhAratIya saMskRti meM prAraMbha se hI mokSa-puruSArtha sAdhya aura dharma puruSArtha ko usakA sAdhana mAnate rahe haiN| usa parama puruSArtha mokSa kI prApti hetu hI bhakta kaviyoM ne ArAdhya ke prati apane manobhAvoM ko stutiyoM, bhaktiyoM Adi meM nibaddha kiyA hai| vastutaH prAkRta evaM saMskRta kA prayoga prAcIna kAla meM samAna rUpa se janasAmAnya dvArA kiyA jAtA thA, antara kevala yaha hai ki prAkRta kA prayoga sAmAnya logoM dvArA tathA saMskRta kA prayoga ziSTa, kulIna va zikSita logoM dvArA kiyA jAtA thaa| isa tathya kI puSTi prAcIna saMskRta nATakoM ke saMvAdoM se bhI hotI hai| ataH prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAoM kA paraspara eka-dUsare se prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika hai aura donoM bhASAoM ke ye prabhAva dRSTigocara bhI hote haiN| prAkRta bhakti sAhitya bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| janasAmAnya ke sauvidhya ke lie racita prAkRta stutiyoM aura bhaktiyoM para bhI saMskRta bhASA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, ataH prakRta lekha meM bhI saMskRta bhASA ke prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para prabhAva viSaya para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai| hama prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta bhASA ke prabhAva ko adhonirdiSTa bhASika tattvoM ke AdhAra para vizleSita kara sakate haiM 1. samAsa- "samasanaM samAsaH" arthAt zabdoM kA saMkSiptikaraNa hI samAsa hai| samAsa dvArA kavi kA abhiprAya alpa zabdakalevara meM vipula arthasaMpatti ko bharanA rahatA hai| __ AcArya kundakundapraNIta siddhabhakti meM samAsa kA prayoga bahulatA se dRSTigocara hotA hai| yathA prathama gAthA meM 'aTThavihakammamukke'1, 'aTThaguNaDUDhe '2, aTThamapuDhaviNiviDhe 3, NiTThiyakajje ina cAroM hI padoM meM bahubrIhi samAsa hai aura ye cAroM hI pada "siddhe"5 isa pada ke vizeSaNa haiN| isI prakAra anya gAthAoM meM bhI titthayaredarasiddhe, jalathalaAyAsaNivvude aMtayaDedarasiddhe, uvasaggANirumasaggo,
Page #167
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 71 dIvodahiNivvu, dugatigacaduNANapaMcacadurajame,11 ityAdi samasta pada dRSTigocara hote - isa AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki prAkRta bhASA jisa saralatA ke kAraNa lokasAmAnya kI bhASA mAnI jAtI thI, usa bhASA meM jaise hI graMthakAroM ne prAkRta sAhitya kA praNayana prAraMbha kiyA vaise hI usa saralatA ke sthAna para samasta padoM kA prayoga hone lgaa| isa pravRtti kA eka mAtra sazakta saMbhAvita kAraka prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta bhASA kA prabhAva hI hai| 2.kAraka- agara hama bhASA zAstrIya dRSTi se prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA kA vizleSaNa kareM to yaha tathya vidita hotA hai ki ye donoM hI bhASAyeM saMzleSaNAtmaka bhASAyeM haiM arthAt ina donoM hI bhASAoM meM kAraka cihna (vibhakti) mUla zabdoM ke sAtha saMyukta hote haiN| prAkRta bhakti sAhitya meM bhI yaha tathya anekazaH parilakSita hotA hai yathA-tIrthakara bhakti kI dvitIya gAthA meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA honA, isI gAthA meM kevalinaH' isa pada meM SaSThI vibhakti honA ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA paraspara sambaddha haiM aura saMskRta bhASA kA mahAn prabhAva prAkRta bhakti para parilakSita hotA hai| 3. kartA kriyA anviti- saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM karttA kriyA anviti kA mahAn mahattva hai arthAt kartA ke anusAra hI kriyA kA rUpa prayukta kiyA jAtA hai| agara isa vyavasthA meM koI krama bhaGga hotA hai to usa prayoga ko vijJajana asaMskRta prayoga kahate haiN| prAkRta bhASA meM bhI yaha niyama samAnarUpa se dRSTigocara hotA hai yathA siddha bhakti kI SaSTha gAthA meM 'te'12 isa kartR pada ke lie bahuvacanAnta 'sijjhanti" kriyA kA pryog| paMcamahAguru bhakti meM 'te jiNA' isa kartR pada ke lie loT lakAra bahu vacanAnta 'dintu" kriyA kA pryog| karttA kriyA anviti kA yaha prayoga prAkRta bhASA meM karma vAcya meM bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai jaise cAritra bhakti kI dazama gAthA meM 'mae16 pada tRtIyAnta kartR pada hai, 'suhaM'17 prathamAnta karma pada hai ata: niyamAnusAra 'suhaM' pada ke anurUpa 'labbhade' kriyA kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai isa prakAra kartR kriyA anviti kA yaha niyama prAkRta bhakti sAhitya meM bahudhA hotA hai| 4. chanda- 'yadakSaraparimANaM tat chandaH' isa paribhASA ke anusAra jina racanAoM meM akSaroM kA parimANa nizcita rahatA hai una racanAoM ko kAvyamayI yA padyamayI racanAe~ kahate haiN| kisI bhI bhASA ke bhakti sAhitya para dRSTipAta karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki saMpUrNa bhakti sAhitya ina chandobaddha racanAoM meM hI prApta hotA hai isakA kAraNa chandoM kI jJeyatA, layabaddhatA, smaraNa, sukartA Adi haiN| prAkRta bhakti sAhitya bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| prAkRta bhakti sAhitya kI mukhya racanAyeM gAthA chanda meM prApta hotI haiM upajAti Adi chandoM meM bhI prApta hotI haiM isakA eka sazakta kAraNa ina chaMdoM kA saMskRta bhASA meM pracuratA se prayoga ho sakatA hai| ataH chandaHzAstrIya dRSTi se bhI prAkRta bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta bhASA kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai|
Page #168
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiN| ki prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA eka dUsare se gahanatayA prabhAvita haiM aura isa tathya kI puSTi prAkRta- bhakti sAhitya para saMskRta bhASA ke prabhAva se hotI hai| saMdarbhaH 72 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. aTThavihakammamukke aTThaguNaDDhe aNovame siddhe / aTTamapuniNiciTTe giTTiko sa.bha. gAthA vahI vahI vahI vahI titthayaredarasiddhe jalathala AyAsaNivvude siddhe / aMtayaDedarasiddhe ukkassajahaNNamajjhimogAhe // si. bha. gAthA 2 vahI vahI uDDhamahatiriyaloe chavvikAle ya Nivvude siddhe / uvasaggaNirusamagge dIvodahiNivvude ya vaMdAmi / / si. bhA gAthA 3 10. vahI 11. pacchAyaDeya siddha dugatigacaduNANa-paMca-cadurajame / paripaDidApaparipaDide saMjamasammattaNANamAdIhiM / 12. puMvedaM vedaMtA je purimA khavagaseDhimAruDhA / sesodayeNa vi tahA jhANuvajuttA ya te hu sijjhati / / -si bhA gAthA 6 13. vahI 14. maNuyaNAdasuraparivattatayA paMcakalyANasokAvalIpattavA dasaNaM NANajhANaM aNataM balaM te jiNA diMtu amhaM varaM maMgalaM / / paM.bha.gA. 1 15. vahI 16. saMjadeNa mae sammaM savvasaMjamabhAviNA / - savvasaMjamasiddhIo labbhade muttijaM suhaM // cA.bha.gA. 10 17. vahI si. bhA gAthA 5 prAkRta - adhyayana zodha-kendra rASTriya saMskRta saMsthAna (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya ) jayapura parisara, jayapura (rAjasthAna )
Page #169
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zodha sAra jaina dhyAna-yoga kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (jJAnArNava ke pariprekSya meM) (zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI dvArA mArca 2010 meM vidyAvAridhi upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha-prabandha) -DaoN. mukeza kumAra jaina bhAratIya saMskRti meM prAcIna kAla se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dhArA satata pravAhita ho rahI hai| isa kAraNa hI bhArata ko vizva kA AdhyAtmika guru kahA jAtA hai| bhArata meM vibhinna saMskRtiyoM, paraMparAoM evaM AcAra vicAroM kA adbhuta samanvaya hai| matavAda yA AcAra-vicAra bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI apanI viziSTatAoM ke kAraNa sabhI apanA alaga-alaga astitva rakhate haiN| bhinna-bhinna astitva ke bAvajUda bhI sabhI paraMparAoM meM aneka sthAnoM para ekarUpatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| kucha tathya aneka sthAnoM para eka dUsare ke pUraka rUpa meM bhI dikhAI dete haiN| bhAratIya dhyAna-yoga paraMparA bhI isa dRSTikoNa kA apavAda nahIM hai| bhAratavarSa meM prAcInakAla se hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa hetu dhyAna-yoga sAdhanA kI paraMparA avicchinna rUpa se pravAhita ho rahI hai| yadyapi deza,kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra sAdhanA kI prakriyA meM parivartana, parivarddhana evaM saMzodhana hote rahe haiN| parantu dhyAna-yoga kI paraMparA meM mUlabhUta parivartana nahIM huA hai| jaina dhyAna-yoga paraMparA bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| AcArya kundakunda ko Adi lekara jaina dhyAna yoga paraMparA ko aneka AcAryoM ne viziSTa svarUpa pradAna kiyA hai| isa kAraNa hI jaina paramparA meM dhyAna-yoga viSayaka sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| AcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava ko bhI isa paraMparA meM viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| isa graMtha meM jaina dhyAna yoga kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pUrvakRta aneka zodhoM ke adhyayana meM jaina dhyAna-yoga ko eka rUpa hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai lekina mUlagraMthoM ke adhyayana se jaina paraMparA meM dhyAna aura yoga bhinna-bhinna pratIta hote haiN| isa kAraNa hI isa zodha kArya kA upasthApana huaa| saMskRta bhASA meM bhI jaina dhyAna-yoga viSayaka kArya apekSita hai| ata: jaina dhyAna yoga paraMparA ke ativiziSTa graMtha jJAnArNava ke pariprekSya meM dhyAna-yoga ke svarUpa evaM jJAnArNava kA jaina-jainetara graMthoM ke sAtha tulanA prastuta zodha kA kendra biMdu hai| zodha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai
Page #170
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 prathama adhyAya isa adhyAya meM bhAratIya dhyAna yoga kI tIna pramukha dhArAoM- vaidika paraMparA, bauddha paraMparA, jaina paraMparA kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| vaidika dhyAna-yoga vaidika paraMparA ke yoga viSayaka graMthoM meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM dhyAna yoga kI carcA milatI hai| yoga zabda sarvaprathama Rgveda (1/5/3) meM milatA hai jahA~ isakA artha mAtra jor3anA hai| dhyAna-yoga kA ullekha yogapaddhati, saMhitA, brAhmaNagraMthoM tathA upaniSadoM meM huA hai lekina dhyAna yoga ko vyavasthita svarUpa maharSi pataJjali ne pradAna kiyA hai| pataJjali ke dvArA racita 'yogasUtra' para aneka TIkAyeM bhI likhI gayI haiM jinameM vyAsabhASya sabase adhika prAmANika mAnA gayA hai| vaidika paraMparA ke upaniSadoM, mahAbhArata, gItA, smRtigraMthoM, bhAgavat purANa aura zaivAgama Adi meM dhyAna yoga kA varNana prApta hotA hai| bauddha dhyAna-yoga vaidika dhyAna-yoga kI bhA~ti hI bauddha paraMparA meM bhI dhyAna-yoga para sAhitya upalabdha hai| yahAM sAdhanA ke lie dhyAna-yoga ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki yaha naitika AcAra-vicAra ke dvArA caritra ko vikasita karane kA mAdhyama hai| bauddhagraMtha dIrghanikAya, vizuddhimagga, majjhimanikAya aura milindaprazna Adi meM dhyAna-yoga kA vizada varNana hai| jaina dhyAna-yoga jainadarzanAnusAra yaha jIva anAdi kAla se karmabaMdha ke kAraNa isa saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| yadi yaha jIva karmabaMdha se mukta hokara sva-svarUpa kI pahacAna karanA cAhatA hai to use AtmasvarUpa para zraddhA kara usI meM lIna honA caahie| mukti ke upAya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra haiN| samyagdarzana mukti kA prathama sopAna hai jo ki jIvAdi sAta tattvoM ke zraddhAna se prApta hotA hai| ina tattvoM meM chaThavA~ tattva nirjarA hai jisakA kAraNa tapa hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI kahA gayA hai tapasA nirjarA c| tapa ke bAhya aura Abhyantara do bheda haiM pratyeka ke chaha-chaha prabheda bhI haiN| Abhyantara tapa ke 6 prabhedoM meM dhyAna bhI eka bheda hai| Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla yaha dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiN| prAraMbha ke do dhyAna aprazasta evaM zeSa do prazasta dhyAna haiN| prazasta dhyAna hI nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| aprazasta dhyAna saMsAravarddhaka hai| ataH zubha dhyAna hI dhyeya hai| dhyAna ke pUrva yahAM yoga ke antargata paMcamahAvrata, samiti, gupti, anuprekSA, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, Asanajaya ityAdi ko svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya dvitIya adhyAya meM jJAnArNava aura usake kartA AcArya zubhacandra kA paricaya diyA gayA hai|
Page #171
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 grantha paricaya jaina dhyAna-yoga ke lie 'jJAnArNava' ati upayogI graMtha hai| isameM kula 2230 zloka haiM jinheM rAjacandra jaina zAstramAlA se prakAzita saMskaraNa (1981) meM 42 sargoM evaM jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura se prakAzita saMskaraNa (1998) meM 39 sargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| sargoM kA vibhAjana graMthakAra ke bajAya TIkAkAroM dvArA kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| graMtha kA nAma hI svayaM kI sArthakatA vyakta karatA hai- 'jJAnArNava' arthAt jJAna kA smudr| dhyAna kA varNana hone ke kAraNa graMthakAra dvArA ise dhyAnazAstra bhI kahA gayA hai| anya viSayoM kA varNana bhI dhyAna ke prasaMga ke antargata hI kiyA gayA hai| graMthakartA kA paricaya jJAnArNava jaise mahattvapUrNa graMtha ko racakara bhI AcArya zubhacandra ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| yaha unakI nirabhimAnatA kA dyotaka hai| na kavitvAbhimAnena na kiirtiprsrecchyaa| kRtiH kintumadIyeyaM, svabodhAyaiva kevlm|| ukta abhiprAya ko jJAnArNava meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai jise mAtra ziSTatA na samajhakara AMtarika bhAvanA samajhanA caahie| graMtha ke parizIlana se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcArya zubhacaMdra bahuta vidvAn evaM pratibhA saMpanna kavi bhI the| graMtha kI racanA zailI evaM aneka viSayoM ke sAtha itara saMpradAyoM kI carcA evaM samIkSA se unakI bahuzrutatA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| graMtha meM prAcIna graMthoM kA AdhAra evaM samAvezana se unakI adhyayanazIlatA prakaTa hotI hai| jJAnArNava ke niraMtara adhyayana meM rahane ke kAraNa jJAta hai ki yaha graMtha AcArya zubhacandra kA hai| isa sthiti meM samaya vicAra hetu pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA ina para prabhAva evaM inakA uttaravartI AcAryoM para prabhAva eka mAtra AdhAra hai| isa AdhAra para inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM-12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai| tRtIya adhyAya isa adhyAya meM jJAnArNava meM varNita yoga ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isake antargata anuprekSA, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra- paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti, trigupti, Asanajaya, prANAyAma aura pratyAhAradhAraNA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaina yoga kA varNana karate hue yoga ko do rUpoM- karmabaMdha aura karma-saMvara nirjarA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yoga ko dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM bhinna rUpa se svIkAra kiyA gayA anuprekSA anuprekSA kA artha hai kisI vastu yA viSaya ko bAra-bAra ciMtana manana karate hue dekhnaa| anuprekSA se dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi taiyAra hotI hai| anityAdi viSayoM ke ciMtana se jaba citta ekAgra hotA hai to vaha dharmadhyAna kahalAtA hai| yaha prazama, vairAgya, saMvega kI vRddhi evaM
Page #172
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 kaSAyoM kI zAMti kA hetu hai| anuprekSA ko hI bhAvanA kahate haiN| jJAnArNava meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Amrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhidurlabha aura dhrm| ratnatraya samyak zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa hI yoga kA AdhAra hai| ratnatraya ke abhAva meM dhyAna-yoga ko jJAnArNava meM kalpanA mAtra kahA gayA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI ekatA ratnatraya hai aura yaha hI mokSamArga hai| jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana, vidhivat jAnanA samyagjJAna evaM anubhUti samyakcAritra hai| samyakcAritra ke antargata hI paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti, trigupti, Asanajaya, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA aura dhyAna kI prakriyA Ate haiN| paMcamahAvrata saMyama pAlana evaM pApoM se nivRtti hetu hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM kA sakaladeza tyAga karanA mahAvrata kahalAtA hai| ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha yaha pAMca mahAvrata trigupti mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti ko acchI prakAra se rokanA gupti kahalAtA hai| mana ko kaSAyoM se nivRtta karanA manogupti, vacana rUpa pravRtti rokakara mauna dhAraNa karanA vacana gupti aura pariSaha Adi ke Ane para bhI ekAsana meM zarIra ko sthita rakhanA kAya gupti hai| Asanajaba Asana ke dvArA saMkalpa zakti ko vikasita karake icchita phala prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| ataH dhyAna ke lie Asana kA vizeSa mahattva hai|' Asana kI siddhi kA mukhya AdhAra sthAna hotA hai| ataH jJAnArNavakAra ne dhyAna yogya sthAnoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| paryakAsana, ardhaparyakAsana, vajrAsana, vIrAsana, sukhAsana, kamalAsana aura kAyotsargAsana ye dhyAna ke yogya Asana kahe gaye haiN|| prANAyAma Asana se kAyika niyaMtraNa prApta karake mAnasika niyaMtraNa hetu prANAyAma kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vAyu ko prANa tathA prANa ke vistRta karane ko AyAma kahate haiN| pUraka, kumbhaka aura recaka ye tIna prANAyAma ke bheda kahe gaye haiN| brahmarandhra se vAyu ko khIMcakara apanI icchAnusAra apane zarIra meM pUraNa karanA pUraka', prANavAyu ko sthira karake nAbhikamala ke bhItara ghar3e ke AkAra meM dRr3hatA pUrvaka rokanA kumbhaka aura prANavAyu ko prayatnapUrvaka bAhara nikAlanA recaka' prANAyAma hai| prANAyAma ke varNana ke uparAMta AcArya zubhacandra ne ise heya bhI kahA hai|16
Page #173
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 pratyAhAra dhAraNA indriyoM tathA mana ko bAhyAbhyaMtara viSayoM se haTAnA pratyAhAra" evaM viSayoM se pare lalATa deza meM mana ko saMlIna karanA dhAraNA hai| 18 isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM jJAnArNava ke AdhAra para yoga kA varNana kiyA gyaa| caturtha adhyAya zodha ke isa bhAga meM jJAnArNava meM varNita dhyAna ke svarUpa aura dhyAna ke bheda prabhedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| dhyAna eka vyApaka zabda hai, jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA yaha sabase mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahate haiN|" uttama saMhanana vAle kA kisI eka viSaya meM cittavRtti kA rokanA dhyAna hai|" yaha mokSa prApti kA pradhAna kAraNa hai kyoMki yaha karma nAza hetu agni ke samAna hai| dhyAna ke cAra aMga kahe gaye haiM 21 dhyAtA dhyAnaM tathA dhyeyaM phalaM ceti catuSTayam / iti sUtra samAsena savikalpaM nigadyate // 22 dhyAtA 77 dhyAna karane vAlA dhyAtA kahalAtA hai| jJAnArNava meM dhyAtA ke ATha guNa kahe gaye haiM- mumukSu, saMsAra se virakta, zAnta citta, sthiramanaH, sthira, jitendriya, saMvarayukta aura dhIra / dhyeya dhyeya kA artha hai avalambana arthAt jisakA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha dhyeya hai| dhyAna aura dhyeya meM kAraNa kArya saMbandha hai| dhyeya hI zubhAzubha pariNAmoM kA kAraNa hotA hai|* dhyAna dhyAna arthAt ekAgraciMtana / dhyAtA kA dhyeya meM sthita honA hI dhyAna hai| dhyAna prazasta aura aprazasta ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai| 26 aprazastadhyAna saMsAravarddhaka evaM prazasta dhyAna AtmotthAna kA hetu hai| 27 dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM- Artta, raudra, dharma aura inameM Artta, raudra aprazasta evaM dharma, zukla prazasta dhyAna haiN| 28 (1) ArttadhyAna zukla / Arta zabda 'RRta' se banA hai|" Rta kA artha hai pIr3A arthAt duHkha meM jo utpanna ho vaha ArtadhyAna kahalAtA hai| isakI utpatti kA kAraNa mithyAjJAna hai| yaha azubha pariNAmoM kI ekAgratA janita hai| ArttadhyAna ke cAra kAraNa kahe gaye haiM- aniSTayogaja iSTaviyogaja, pIDAciMtana aura nidaan| (2) raudradhyAna rudra kA artha hai krUratA / " isameM hone vAlA bhAva raudra hai| ataH rudra Azaya se utpanna
Page #174
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 huA dhyAna raudradhyAna hai| isake bhI cAra kAraNa kahe gaye haiM34- hiMsAnaMda, mRSAnaMda, cauryAnaMda aura vissy-sNrkssnnaanNd| (3) dharmadhyAna dharma se yukta bhAva ko dharmya kahate haiN| dharmya se yukta dhyAna ko dharmadhyAna kahate haiN| rAgadveSa mUlaka samasta para padArtho kA tyAga karake zreyomArga meM sthita sAdhaka ke dvArA sAmyatA ke lie dhyAyA jAne vAlA dhyAna dharmadhyAna hai| dharma dhyAna ke cAra bheda haiM- AjJA vicaya, apAya vicaya, vipAka vicaya aura saMsthAna vicy| saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna ke bhI cAra bhedoM kA ullekha jJAnArNava meM kiyA gayA hai piNDasthaM ca padasthaM ca rUpasthaM ruupvrjitN| caturdhA dhyAnamAmnAtaM bhavyarAjIva bhaaskraiH||28 (4) zukladhyAna yaha dhyAna kI caramotkarSa avasthA hai| ekAgratA aura nirodha yahIM pUrNatA ko prApta hote haiN| jJAnArNavakAra zukla dhyAna kA svarUpa varNita karate hue kahate haiM ki niSkriya karaNAtItaM dhyAna dhAraNA vrjitm| antarmukhaM ca yaccittaM tacchuklamiti ptthyte||39 arthAt niSkriya, indriyAtIta, dhyAna aura dhAraNA se rahita AtmA kI antarmukhI pravRtti ko zukladhyAna kahate haiN| yaha AtmA kI atyanta vizuddha avasthA hai| kaSAya ke kSaya yA upazama se zukladhyAna kI prApti hotI hai| isakI cAra zreNiyA~ hai|- pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra, ekatvavitarkavIcAra, sUkSmakriyApratipAtI aura vyuparatakriyAnivRtti athavA samucchinna kriyaanivRtti| dhyAna kA phala Artta aura raudra dhyAna saMsAra du:khoM ke kAraNa haiM evaM dharmadhyAna paraMparA se tathA zukladhyAna sAkSAt mokSa kA hetu hai| isa prakAra dhyAna kA samIcIna mArgadarzana graMthakAra dvArA kiyA gayA hai| paJcama adhyAya jaina paraMparA dhyAna-yoga saMbaMdhI sAhitya se samRddha hai| aneka AcAryoM dvArA isa viSaya para apane apane mata prastuta kiye gaye haiN| yathA 1. mokSapAhuDa - isa graMtha ke praNetA AcArya kundakunda (IsA kI prathama sadI) haiN| 106 gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se isameM dhyAna yoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yoga ke sAta aMgoM - yama, niyama, Asana, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi kA isameM sphuTarUpa se varNana 2. samAdhitaMtra- AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA racita isa kRti meM 105 zloka haiN| saMskRta kI yaha kRti Atma vivecana ko dhyAna meM rakhakara racI gayI hai| ataH dhyAna-yoga se
Page #175
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 saMbandhita vivecana ke lie mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| 3. iSTopadeza- AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA racita saMskRta bhASA kI isa kRti meM 51 zlokoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA kI vizuddhatA, vItarAgatA, aparigraha aura AcaraNa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 79 4. tattvArthavArtika tattvArthasUtra graMtha para racita yaha mahattvapUrNa TIkA graMtha hai| isake bhASyakAra AcArya akalaMka haiM jo ki tarka ke prasiddha vidvAn rahe haiN| navama adhyAya meM nirjarA tattva ke varNana ke antargata sUtra saMkhyA 27-44 taka dhyAna kI carcA kI gayI hai| yoga kA varNana bhI aneka sthAnoM para kiyA gayA hai| 5. tattvAnuzAsana tattvAnuzAsana graMtha ke kartA AcArya rAmasena haiN| isa graMtha meM 259 zlokoM meM dhyAna kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa graMtha kA dUsarA nAma dhyAnazAstra hai| jJAnArNava meM varNita dharmadhyAna ke bheda - piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ke nAmoM kA ullekha yahAM para kiyA gayA hai| 6. dhyAnazataka isa graMtha meM mUlakarttA kA koI nizcaya nahIM hai| AcArya haribhadra ne isa graMtha kI TIkA karate hue dhyAna zataka nAma diyA hai| mUla graMtha meM graMtha kA nAma 'dhyAnAdhyayana' prApta hotA hai| isameM 105 gAthAoM ke dvArA dhyAna-yoga kI carcA kI gayI. hai| 7. AdipurANa- AdipurANa mahApurANa kA prathama khaNDa hai| dvitIya khaNDa uttarapurANa hai AdipuraNa saiMtAlIsa patroM meM pUrNa huA hai jisameM bayAlIsa parva aura ta~tAlIsaveM parva ke tIna zloka jinasenAcArya dvArA tathA avaziSTa pAMca parva aura uttarapurANa jinasenAcArya ke ziSya guNabhadrAcArya dvArA racita haiN| AdipurANa ke 21veM parva meM 268 zlokoM ke dvArA dhyAna kI carcA kI gayI hai| 8. upAsakAdhyayana- yaha graMtha AcArya somadeva sUri kRta yazastilaka campU kA eka aMza hai yazastilaka campU ke tIna AzvAsoM chaThavA~ sAtavIM aura AThavIM ke 909 zloka isake antargata Ate haiN| isameM zrAvaka ke AcAra kA vistRta varNana hai| , 9. amitagati zrAvakAcAra- prastuta graMtha AcArya amitagati dvitIya ke dvArA racita hai pandraha paricchedoM meM vibhakta isa graMtha ke caudaha paricchedoM meM zrAvaka ke karttavyoM evaM pandrahaveM meM dhyAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 10. jJAnasAra - jJAnasAra muni padmasiMha dvArA racita hai| inakA samaya kAla vi. saM. hai| prastuta graMtha meM 63 gAthAoM ke dvArA jJAna kI carcA karate hue dhyAna kA saMkSipta varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1086 11. yogasAra- yaha AcArya hemacandra viracita dhyAna yoga kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| graMtha kA mukhya viSaya yoga hone se isakA nAma yogazAstra bhI sArthaka hai| yaha 12 prakAzoM meM vibhakta hai| jJAnArNava ke pazcAt racA jAne vAlA yaha graMtha dhyAna yoga kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| isa para jJAnArNava kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai|
Page #176
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 uparyukta graMthoM ke sAtha jJAnArNava kA tulanAtmaka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya kI pracuratA aura adhikAMza graMthoM meM saMkSipta yA vistRta rUpa se dhyAna yoga kA varNana hone ke kAraNa kucha mahattvapUrNa graMthoM ke sAtha hI jJAnArNava kI tulanA kI gayI hai| isake mAdhyama se pUrvAcAryoM kA jJAnArNava para prabhAva evaM paravartI AcAryoM para jJAnArNava kA prabhAva sunizcita hotA hai| jJAnArNava ke kAla nirdhAraNa ke lie bhI yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| SaSTha adhyAya yahA~ vaidika dhyAna-yoga paraMparA ke pAtaJjala yogasUtra aura bauddhadhyAna-yoga paraMparA kA jJAnArNava ke sAtha samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___ pAtaJjala yogasUtra maharSi pataJjali ke dvArA racita yoga kA mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai isameM aSTAMga yoga ke dvArA yoga ko vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jJAnArNava aura yogasUtra meM varNita viSaya krama samAna pratIta hotA hai lekina donoM ke mUlabhUta siddhAMta bhinna-2 haiN| bauddha dhyAna-yoga paramparA meM dhyAna-yoga kI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai lekina dhyAna-yoga viSayaka svataMtra graMtha prAcIna dhArA meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ata: bauddha dhyAna-yoga paraMparA se hI jJAnArNava kI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se samIkSA kI gayI hai| donoM meM samAnatA ke aneka biMdu dRSTigocara hote haiM lekina mUla mAnyatA meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa dhyAna-yoga ke bhinna-2 AdhAra dRSTigocara hote haiN| saptama adhyAya- chaha adhyAyoM meM dhyAna-yoga kA vivecana karane ke uparAMta isa adhyAya meM upasaMhAra likhA gayA hai| isameM bhAratIya yoga paraMparA kI vaidika, bauddha aura jaina dhArA se saMbaddha maulika vizeSatAoM kA nidarzana huA hai| yahA~ aSTAMga yoga kA praNetA maharSi pataJjali ko na svIkArate hue AcArya kundakundasvAmI ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jJAnArNava ke pariprekSya meM jaina dhyAna yoga kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| pariziSTa- zodha ke aMta meM pariziSTa ke mAdhyama se kucha aise viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinakA vivecana jJAnArNava meM nahIM kiyA gyaa| lekina jaina dhyAna-yoga hetu apekSita hai| saMdarbha: 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9/3 2. jJAnArNava, 1/19 3. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 9/26/13 4. tAzca saMvega vairAgyaM prazama siddhye|- jJAnArNava, 2/6 jJAnArNava, 2/7 6. ratnatrayamanAsAdya yaH saakssaaddyaatumicchti| raNapuSpaiH kurute mUDhaH sa vandhyAsuta shekhrm||- jJAnArNava, 6/4 7. jJAnArNava, 8/6 8. jJAnArNava, 18/3
Page #177
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 sthAnAsana vidhAnAni dhyAna siddhernibndhnm| naikaM muktvA maneH sAkSAdvikSeparahitaM manaH / / - jJAnArNava, 28/20 10. jJAnArNava, 28/20 11. paryakamarddhaparyakaM vajraM vIrAsanaM tathA / sukhAravindapUrve ca kAyotsargazca sammataH / - jJAnArNava, 28/10 9. 12. jJAnArNava, 29/3 13. jJAnArNava, 29/4 14. jJAnArNava, 29/5 15. jJAnArNava, 29/6 16. jJAnArNava 30/4 17. jJAnArNava, 30/1 18. jJAnArNava 30/12 19. ekAgraciMtA nirodho yastaddhyAnaM bhAvanAparA / anuprekSArthacintA vA tajjJairabhyupagamyate / jJAnArNava, 25 / 16 20 tattvArthasUtra, 9/27; cAritrasAra, 166 / 6; tattvAnuzAsanam, 56 21. jJAnArNava, 25/7 22. jJAnArNava, 4/5 23. jJAnArNava, 4/6 24. 25. dhyeyamaprazastaprazasta pariNAma kAraNaM cAritrasAra, 167/2 dhyAyate yena taddhyAnaM yo dhyAyati sa eva vA / yatra vA dhyAyate yadvA dhyAtirvA dhyAnamiSyate / tattvAnuzAsanam, 67 26. jJAnArNava, 25/12 27. jJAnArNava, 25 /17-18 28. jJAnArNava, 25/20 29. RtaM duHkhaM, ardanamartirvA, tatra bhvmaartm| sarvArthasiddhi, 9/28/445/10 30. jJAnArNava, 25/23 31. jJAnArNava, 25/24 32. rudraH krUrAzayastasya karma tatra bhavaM vA raudram / sarvArthasiddhi, 9/28/445/10 33. jJAnArNava, 26/1 34. jJAnArNava, 26/3 35. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36/450/4 36. jJAnArNava, 33/1-2 37. jJAnArNava, 33/5 - 38. jJAnArNava, 37/1 39. jJAnArNava, 42/4 40. jJAnArNava, 42/6 41. jJAnArNava, 42/9-11 81 vIra sevA mandira 4674 /21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI- 110002
Page #178
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jIvana aura samAja kA AdhAra : anekAnta -DaoN. anekAnta kumAra jaina darzana ke kisI bhI siddhAnta kA mahattva sirpha isa bAta taka sImita nahIM rahatA ki vaha niHzreyasa kI prApti ke lie kitanA jarUrI hai, aura na hI sirpha isa bAta taka sImita rahatA hai ki usane prakRti ke rahasyoM kI kitanI saTIka vyAkhyA kI hai? Aja ke isa daura meM darzana kA mahattva isa bAta se bhI A~kA jA rahA hai ki darzana ke amuka siddhAMta yA avadhAraNA kI upayogitA jIvana va samAja meM kitanI hai? yadi vaha siddhAMta yA avadhAraNA hamAre jIvana aura samAja kI rojamarrA kI samasyAoM meM samAdhAna banakara sAmane nahIM AtI hai to usakA zAstrIya mahattva cAhe jitanA ho manuSya ke vyAvahArika jIvana meM usakI kImata nahIM rhtii| Aja anekAnta darzana kI dhUma maca rahI hai| vaha isalie kyoMki usane vastu tattva ko samajhAne ke sAtha sAtha jIvana aura samAja se jur3I tamAma samasyAoM ke samAdhAna bhI diye haiN| bhUmaNDalIkaraNa ke isa daura meM yadi anekAnta siddhAnta ko svIkAra na kareM to jIvana saMkaTa meM par3a sakatA hai| yaha bAta apane Apa meM satya hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne Aja se lagabhaga 2600 varSa pahale prakRti ke isa mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI kintu phira bhI itane mAtra se anekAnta darzana ko kisI dharma, majahaba, saMpradAya yA darzana mAtra ke sImita dAyare meM dekhanA bahuta bar3I bhUla hogii| mahApuruSoM kA jIvana vAstava meM saMpUrNa mAnava jAti evaM anya sabhI jIvoM ke lie hotA hai| isalie yaha satya hote huye bhI ki yaha jainadharma kI maulika dena mAnA jAtA hai isa bAta se iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki kama yA adhika rUpa meM isake sUtra sabhI dharmo tathA darzanoM meM prApta hote haiN| daraasala anekAnta eka astitva hai, eka jIvana hai| anekAnta se iMkAra astitva se iMkAra hogaa| jIvana kA pratyeka kSetra, jIvana ghaTanAyeM, prakRti ke pratyeka saMbandha anekAnta svarUpa haiN| merI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki hama cAheM to bhI ekAntavAdI nahIM ho sakate kyoMki merI dRSTi meM ekAnta asat kA sUcaka hai| phira sahaja hI mana meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki anekAnta kA niyama na mAnane vAloM ko, vastu kI ananta dharmatA ko asvIkRta karake usake kisI eka dharma ko hI vastu kA svabhAva mAnane vAloM ko (zAstroM meM) ekAntavAdI kyoM kahA gayA hai? isa prazna ke javAba meM bhI merA mAtra itanA kahanA hai ki saca hai ki unakI mAnyatA ekAntavAda kI hai| isI dRSTi se ve ekAntavAdI kahe gaye haiM kintu unakA bhI jIvana vyavahAra ekAntavAdI nahIM ho sakatA, apane sAmAjika jIvana meM yadi ve eka hI pakSa ko lekara caleMge to jI nahIM skte| sAmAjika jIvana meM aise loga bhI anekAnta kI hI anupAlanA
Page #179
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 karate haiN| ataH isa dRSTi se ve anekAntavAdI hI kahe jaayeNge| merI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki vicAroM meM ekAnta ho sakatA hai jIvana meM nhiiN| anekAnta kI paribhASA jaina zAstroM meM anekAnta kI paribhASA hai 'eka hI vastu meM vastupane ko nipajAne vAlI paraspara do viruddha zaktiyoM kA eka sAtha prakAzita honA anekAnta hai|' tAtparya yaha hai ki binA virodha ke astitva nahIM hai aura virodha kI svIkRti hai anekaant| anekAnta eka aisI paddhati hai jisameM hameM sirpha zAstroM ke hI nahIM varan jIvana ke bhI artha samajha meM Ate haiN| duniyA meM cAhe koI bhI dArzanika rahA ho, cAhe koI bhI zAstra unameM kahIM na kahIM anekAnta kI AbhA virAjamAna rahI hai kyoMki vyakti cAhe to antarjagat meM rahane vAlA dArzanika ho yA bAhya jagat meM rahane vAlA bhautika yA padArthavAdI; vAstava meM yadi vaha manuSya hai aura saMvedanazIla hai to 'anekAnta' usake anubhava kA viSaya jarUra banatA hai| phira bhale hI vahA~ 'anekAnta' saMjJA kA prayoga na huA ho kintu eka hI sthala para ananta dharmAtmakatA aura virodha ko prAyaH sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai| pAzcAtya vicAraka aura anekAnta / prasiddha manovaijJAnika DaoN. haiyanAka elisa (1819-1939) ne apanI mahattvapUrNa pustaka 'AI vilIva' meM virodha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM "maiMne yaha mahasUsa kiyA hai ki apanI prakRti ke donoM virodhI tattvoM meM jisa samanvaya ko upalabdha karane meM maiM saphala huA thA vaha vastutaH mere svabhAva meM gaharI jar3a jamAkara baiThI huyI vizeSatA ke upayoga ke hI kAraNa thaa|" isI prakAra pAzcAtya darzana ke kaI dArzanika IsA se kaI sau varSa pUrva isI anubhava se gujre| unhoMne virodha ko svIkAra kiyaa| suprasiddha pAzcAtya dArzanika hereklAiTasa (Heraclitus 600 B.C.) ne saMgharSa, virodha, niSedha aura abhAva ko bahuta mahattva diyaa| ve mAnate the ki virodha aura niSedha kA artha gati yA parivartana hai| ata: jIvana ke lie virodha Avazyaka hai| virodha kA abhAva mRtyu hai| virodha yA niSedha ke binA gati yA parivartana (vikAsa) saMbhava nahIM hai| hereklAiTasa virodha ke mAdhyama se hI astitva kI svIkRti mAnate haiN| ve Age yaha bhI kahate haiM ki virodha kA artha Atyantika virodha nahIM hai| Atyantika virodha asaMbhava hai; yaha hamArI kalpanA hai, vastu satya nhiiN| virodha to sAdhana mAtra hai, sAdhya hai smnvy|' (pAzcAtya darzana, pR.5-6) jainadarzana bhI eka hI vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharmoM kI svIkRti pradAna karatA hai, yahI -'anekAntavAda' hai| yahAM eka bAta aura dhyAtavya hai ki yahAM bhI paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle dharmoM kA sahAvasthAna eka vastu mAnA hai| nitya-anitya dharma vAstava meM virodhI pratIta hote haiM, virodhI haiM nahIM yadi vAstava meM virodhI hote to kyA ye eka sthAna para rahate?
Page #180
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 hereklAiTasa pratyeka vastu ko sApekSa mAnate haiM ve kahate haiM ki samudra kA pAnI machalI ke lie mIThA aura hamAre lie khArA hai| 'hama haiM bhI aura nahIM bhI haiN'| hama 'sat' bhI haiM, 'asat' bhI haiM, aura sadasadanirvacanIya bhI haiN| jitane bhI dvandva haiM, saba sApekSa haiMeka dUsare kI apekSA rakhate haiN| udAharaNArthaM eka aura aneka acchA aura burA, gati aura sthiti, pariNAma aura sattA, jIvana aura maraNa, sardI aura garmI aadi| (pAzcAtyadarzana, pR.6-7) 84 yahA~ hama hereklAiTasa ke isa ciMtana kI tulanA jainadarzana ke anekAnta syAdvAda se kara sakate haiN| kAphI kucha ciMtana meM sAmya dikhatA hai| yadyapi hereklAiTasa ke siddhAnta kaI sthaloM para aparipakva haiM kintu unakA ciMtana yaha to pramANita karatA hI hai ki virodha unake anubhava kA evaM darzana kA viSaya banA thA / DaoN. elisa jo ki jIvana aura astitva ke bAre meM khoja karane vAle prasiddha manovaijJAnika haiM, kA spaSTa kahanA hai ki 'hameM yaha sikhalAyA jAtA hai ki virodhI zaktiyoM ke AkarSaNa vikarSaNa ke aura virodhI dizAoM meM khIMca-tAna ke kAraNa hI hamAre grahoM aura upagrahoM kI yaha samUcI vyavasthA samanvayapUrNa DhaMga se kArya karane meM saphala hotI hai| yahI saMgharSa vanaspati jagat meM spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotA hai| virodha kA astitva jIvana ke lie koI bAdhA nahIM hai, yaha to jIvana ke sucAru saMpAdana ke lie eka AvazyakatA hai| ' yaha to anubhava kA viSaya hai ki hama cAheM to bhI jIvana meM ekarUpatA kAyama nahIM kara sakate / sthUla rUpa se hama yadi aisA kara bhI leMge to sUkSma dRSTi se hama pAyeMge ki yaha nirmita ekarUpatA aura kucha nahIM vibhinna bahulatAoM kA samudAya mAtra hai| virodha aura bahulatA se iMkAra karane kA matalaba hai astitva kA iMkAra, jIvana kA iMkAra aura anekAnta kA iMkAra | globala samAja aura anekAnta darzana darzana pakSa kI tarapha se anekAnta para bahuta vicAra huA, kintu yaha yuga kI mAMga hai ki isa siddhAnta ke sAmAjika pakSa para bhI kucha vicAra ho| vaizvIkaraNa ke isa daura meM bahurUpatA aura bahulatA aura adhika bar3hI hai| naye kisma ke samAja kI saMracanA ho rahI hai| eka dharma, jAti, bhASA aura eka samAja ke muhalle, gA~va basanA aba banda haiN| yaha eka kisma kI Arthika parataMtratA hai ki vyakti cAhakara bhI saMyukta ekarUpatA kAyama nahIM kara sktaa| manuSya kI rojI-roTI, naukarI, vyavasAya ityAdi jidhara jame use vahIM rahanA par3atA hai| bhinna bhASA, dharma, jAti ke logoM ke sAtha kaoNloniyoM meM rahanA hai| yahA~ vaicArika rUpa se vyakti anekAnta bana jAtA hai| sabhI taraha ke logoM ke sAtha uThanA-baiThanA, vyavahAra nibhAnA, unake samakSa eka naye samAja kI racanA prastuta karatA hai| aisI paristhiti meM yadi vaha apane vyaktitva ko anekAnta meM nahIM DhAlatA hai to usakA jIvana kaThina ho jAyegA / jainadarzana kA anekAntavAda virodha meM astitva kA siddhAnta samajhAkara isa vyavahAra jagat ko saMdeza detA hai aura samAdhAna batalAtA hai| yahA~ kisI eka vicAra yA
Page #181
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 85 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 saMskRti ko svIkAra karane kA haThAgraha lekara hama caleMge to hama samAja meM nahIM raha skte| kyoMki hameM hindU, jaina, muslima, sikkha, IsAI ityAdi samAja meM nahIM rahanA hai balki vizva samAja meM rahanA hai jahA~ bahulatA hI bahulatA hai| dhyAna rakheM, sAmAjika pariprekSya meM ekarUpatA kA nAma 'ekAnta' hai aura bahulatA kA nAma hI 'anekAnta' hai| jIvana ekAntavAdI nahIM ho sakatA vicAroM ke AdhAra para manuSya kadAcit ekAntavAdI bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu jIvana aura samAja meM vyakti ekAntavAdI nahIM ho sktaa| jiMdagI anekAnta kA nAma hai| eka musalamAna vicAroM ke AdhAra para bhale hI sivAya islAma ke kahIM bhI sira na jhukAye kintu jaba vaha vyavasAya karatA hai taba grAhaka kauna hai? hindU athavA IsAI yA anya koI? vaha isakA bheda nahIM karatA, vaha use sammAna detA hai| svayaM use jIvana ke aneka kAryoM ke madhya mAtra islAma anuyAyiyoM se kAma cala jAyegA- aisA nahIM hai| phidA husaina eka brAhmaNa abhinetrI mAdhurI dIkSita para yadi phidA hai to vaha yaha vicAra nahIM karatA hai ki yaha to musalamAna nahIM hai maiM isakA citra kyoM banAU~? usI prakAra hindU yA anya matAnuyAyI bhI jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM sabhI se kArya karavAte haiN| yadi koI muslima DaoNkTara koI bahuta bar3A oNparezana kinhIM paNDita jI yA pAdarI jI kA karatA hai taba isameM se koI manA nahIM krtaa| zAharukha khAna, saiphaalI khAna, gulAma alI se lekara muhammada ajaharuddIna taka sabhI mAtra musalamAnoM ke hI cahete haiM aisA nahIM hai| usI prakAra sacina teMdulakara, aizvaryA rAya, amitAbha, abhiSeka baccana, anila aura zAhida kapUra tathA jagajIta siMha para mAtra hindU hI jAna chir3akate haiM aisA bhI nahIM hai| bhavana nirmANa meM yadi muslima mistrI siddhahasta haiM to paNDita jI usI se makAna banavAte haiM yahA~ taka ki maMdira tk| hama svayaM vicAra kareM ki kyA jIvana kabhI ekAntavAdI ho sakatA hai? jaina yA hindU ni:zulka aspatAloM meM muslima mahilAoM evaM baccoM kI lambI katAra yaha kabhI vicAra nahIM karatI ki yaha to kAphiroM ke dvArA banAyA gayA aspatAla hai yahAM ilAja mata kraao| yahAM ke TrasTI yA DaoNkTara bhI aisA koI borDa nahIM lagAte ki ve musalamAnoM kA niHzulka ilAja nahIM kreNge| kyA sAmAjika jIvana meM anekAnta ko svIkAra kiye binA isa prakAra ke sundara jIvana kI kalpanA saMbhava hai? vibhinnatA, vividhatA aura virodha yadi samApta ho jAyeM, jaisI ki kAmanAyeM kI jAtI haiM; to kyA astitva bacegA? yaha kalpanA bhI kitanI nirarthaka mAlUma hotI hai ki sarvatra ekarUpatA, paripUrNatA kAyama ho jaaye| yaha vastu svabhAva ke viparIta kalpanA hai, jo ki asaMbhava hai| anekAnta darzana kI vyAvahArikatA jaina sAhitya meM anekAnta dRSTi kI pradhAnatA hai| yaha anekAnta meM ekatA karane kA sazakta mAdhyama hai| yaha sabhI ke hitoM kA ciMtana karatA hai| Adhunika yuga meM mahAtmA gA~dhI ke sAtha sarvodaya zabda jur3A huA hai| DaoN. rAmajI siMha kA mAnanA hai ki saMskRti
Page #182
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 ke prAmANika zabdakozoM meM bhI isakA ullekha nahIM hai| kintu jaina saMskRta vAGmaya ke siMhAvalokana se patA calatA hai ki Agamayuga ke bAda hI anekAnta sthApanA yuga meM siddha svAmI samantabhadrAcArya ne apane graMtha 'yuktyanuzAsana' meM sarvodaya tIrtha kA prayoga kiyA hai sarvAntavattadguNamukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'npekssm| sarvApadAmantakara nirantaM sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tvaiv||61|| arthAt he prabhu! ApakA tIrtha, zAsana sarvAntavAn hai aura gauNa tathA mukhya kI kalpanA ko sAtha meM lie hue haiN| jo zAsana vAkyadharmoM meM pArasparika apekSA kA pratipAdana nahIM karatA, vaha sarvadharmoM se zUnya hai| ataH ApakA hI yaha zAsanatIrtha sarva du:khoM kA aMta karane vAlA hai, yahI niranta hai aura yahI sabhI prANiyoM ke abhyudaya kA sAdhaka aisA sarvodaya tIrtha hai| yahA~ sarvodaya tIrtha-vicAra tIrtha ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| yahI dharma tIrtha bhI hai| yahI jaina tattvajJAna kA marma hai| sarvodaya tIrtha anekAntAtmaka zAsana ke rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai| anekAnta vicAra hI jainadarzana, dharma aura saMskRti kA prANa hai aura yahI isakA sarvodayI tIrtha bhI hai| anekAntadRSTi ke mUla meM do tattva haiM- (1) pUrNatA (2) yathArthatA jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, vahI satya kahalAtA hai| kintu pUrNa rUpa se trikAla bAdhita yathArtha kA darzana durlabha hai| deza-kAla-paristhiti, bhASA aura zailI Adi anivArya bheda ke kAraNa bheda kA dikhAyI denA anivArya hai phira sAdhAraNa manuSya kI bAta hI kyA? sAdhAraNa manuSya yathArthavAdI hokara bhI apUrNadarzI hote haiN| yadi apUrNa aura dUsare se virodhI hokara bhI dUsare kI bAta satya hai, apUrNa aura dUsare se virodhI hokara bhI apanI bAta satya hai; to donoM ko nyAya kaise mila sakatA hai? isI samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie anekAnta dRSTi kA udbhava huA jisakI mukhya bAteM nimna prakAra haiM (1) rAga aura dveSajanya saMskAroM se Upara uThakara madhyastha bhAva rkhnaa| (2) jaba taka isa prakAra ke taTastha evaM madhyastha bhAva kA pUrNa vikAsa na ho, taba taka usa lakSya kI ora dhyAna rakhakara kevala satya kI jijJAsA krnaa| (3) virodhI pakSa ke prati Adara rakhakara usake bhI satyAMza ko grahaNa krnaa| (4) apane yA virodhI ke pakSa meM jahA~ jo ThIka UMce unakA samanvaya krnaa| isa prakAra anekAnta dRSTi ke dvArA hama eka nayI 'samAja mImAMsA' aura naye 'samAja tarka' ke aviSkAra kI ora bar3ha sakate haiM aura usake dvArA samAja meM samanvaya lAyA jA sakatA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki cUMki dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM hI anekAnta dRSTi AyI kintu aba samAja sAdhanA meM inake prayoga ko Age bar3hAnA caahie| yahI vaha jIvanta anekAnta hogA jisakA upayoga eka jIvana darzana kI taraha hogaa| jo sahI arthoM meM jIvana ko jItA hai vaha vAstava meM 'anekAnta' ko jItA hai| hama sabhI kA yaha anubhUta evaM jJAta viSaya hai ki jIvana bahuAyAmI hai| jIvana yA samAja kI vyAkhyA kisI
Page #183
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 87 eka pahalU se nahIM kI jA sktii| landana ke vaijJAnika lekhaka DaoN. nyUliyana haksale (1887-1966) ne spaSTa likhA hai ki 'hama apane siddhAntoM ko ginatI ke kucha sIdhe sAde zabdoM kI kArAM meM kaida nahIM kara skte| jIvana bahuta ulajhA huA hai tathA vaividhyapUrNa hai| hameM siddhAntoM ko AsthA ke dvArA pUrNatA denI hogI aura AsthA kA antima lakSya jIvana hai, usakI pragati aura samRddhi hai| astu merI aMtima AsthA jIvana meM hai| niSkarSa yahI hai jIvana, samAja aura astitva tarka kA nahIM AsthA kA viSaya hai| anekAnta ko bhI tarka samajhA gyaa| usake pIche eka kAraNa yaha hai ki anekAnta kA upayoga dArzanika kSetra meM hI kiyA gyaa| anekAnta jIvana se jur3A hai isalie yaha tarka se pare AsthA kA bhI viSaya banatA hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki hama apane astitva, jIvana aura samAja se jur3I samasyAoM kI taha meM jAyeMge to pAyeMge ki ye samasyAyeM anekAnta ko nahIM samajha sakane se utpanna huI haiN| saMdarbha:1. samayasAra- AcAryakundakunda kI amRtacandra kRta AtmakhyAti TIkA, prakAzana-paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura, 1999 yuktyanuzAsanam- AcArya samantabhadra; samantabhadra graMthAvalI, saMkalana-DaoN. gokulacanda jaina, prakAzana- vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa-1989 zramaNa, (zodhapatrikA), pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama, vArANasI 4. pAzcAtyadarzana- candradhara zarmA, motIlAla banArasIdAsa prakAzana, dillI, 2006 5. jainadharma: eka jhalaka; DaoN. anekAnta jaina, zrI zAMtisAgara chANI smRti graMthamAlA, bur3hAnA, (u. pra.), 2007 6. anekAnta siddhAMta kA durupayoga (zodha lekha), jaina anekAnta kumAra, prakAzana- anekAnta (zodha traimAsika), varSa-52, kiraNa-3, julAI-sitambara-1999, pRSTha 23-24 7. anekatA meM ekatA (lekha) DaoN. anekAnta jaina, aNuvrata pAkSika, 16-30 sitambara, 2002, pR. 22 8. paraMparA aura anekAnta (lekha)- DaoN. anekAnta jaina, aNuvrata pAkSika, 1-15 navambara, 2002 pRSTha-15 9. anekAnta kA artha hai jIvana kA astitva (lekha)- DaoN. anekAnta jaina, prakAzana, sarAka sopAna (mAsika), dillI roDa, meraTha (u.pra.) jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAla bahAdura zAstrI rA. saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya), naI dillI-110016
Page #184
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina aparigraha kI avadhAraNA sUtrakRtAMga ke vizeSa saMdarbha meM -DaoN. vandanA mehatA saMpUrNa dharma jagat kA eka mAnyatA prApta vicAra hai- ahiMsA paramo dharmaH ahiMsA kA sabhI dharma tathA darzanoM meM sarvottama sthAna hai| jainadarzana kI to prasiddha sUkti hI haiahiMsA savvabhUyakhemaMkarI" aura jainadarzana ko ahiMsA kA paryAya mAnA jAtA hai| ahiMsA kyA hai yaha jAnane se pahale isakA artha jAna lenA ucita lagatA hai "na hiMsA iti ahiMsA" arthAt hiMsA kA na honA hI ahiMsA hai prANoM kA atipAta na karanA sabhI jIvoM ke prati saMyama rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai| jainadarzana meM mukhya rUpa se 3 prakAra kI hiMsAoM kA varNana milatA hai 1. saMkalpajA, 2. virodhajA, 3. AraMbhajA / saMkalpajA arthAt saMkalpapUrvaka kisI jIva kI hiMsA karanA / isake pIche kAraNa apanA svArtha bhI ho sakatA hai to koI purAnA baira yA dveSa bhI ho sakatA hai| isameM vyakti svecchA se kisI ke prANoM kA hanana karane ko udyata hotA hai| vahIM virodhajA hiMsA dUsare vyakti ke pratikAra svarUpa hotI hai| isameM sAmane vAlA vyakti jaba dUsare para AkramaNa karatA hai to svahitAya aura rakSA ke lie vaha usase bacane kI koziza karatA hai aura jaba vaha bacane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai to usake pAsa eka hI upAya rahatA hai "karo yA maro " aura vaha dUsare prANI kI hiMsA meM pravRtta hotA hai| isameM vyakti prerita hokara hiMsA karatA hai, lekina svecchA se nhiiN| tIsarI AraMbhajA hiMsA yaha vyakti apane jIvana yApana aura usakI mUlabhUta AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie karatA hai| jisake binA usakA astitva khatare meM par3a jAtA hai| isa prakAra kI hiMsA usake jIvana ko banAye rakhane ke lie hotI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne do prakAra ke cAritra dharmoM kA pratipAdana kiyA- agAra dharma aura anagAra dhrm|' anagAra dharma ke ArAdhaka muni kahalAte haiM unake lie to sarvaprakAra kI hiMsA ko tyAjya batAyA gayA hai kintu agAra dharma ko pAlane vAle gRhasthI ko bhI kama se kama hiMsA karane kA upadeza jaina AgamoM meM diyA gayA hai| unake lie kahA gayA hai| ki Avazyaka hiMsA aura virodhajA hiMsA unheM karanI par3a sakatI hai kintu saMkalpajA to unake lie sarvathA tyAjya hai aura Avazyaka hiMsA kA bhI sImAkaraNa Avazyaka hai|
Page #185
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 isa prakAra sabhI darzanoM evaM dharmoM meM ahiMsA kA sarvopari sthAna hai aura hiMsA na karane kI bAta kahI gii| use dArzanika evaM dhArmika jagat kA narapati banA vizva siMhAsana para ArUr3ha kara diyA gayA / ahiMsA anya vratoM kI apekSA pradhAna evaM usakA sthAna prathama hai| kheta kI rakSA ke lie jaise bAda hotI hai vaise hI anya sabhI vrata ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie haiM isalie ahiMsA kI pradhAnatA mAnI gaI hai| mahAvIra ne prANImAtra meM saMyamabhUta ahiMsA ko prathama sthAna diyA aura batAyA ki usake yathArtha svarUpa ko niSNAta vyakti hI jAna sakatA hai| zeSa satya Adi cAra vrata to isI ke saMrakSaka mAtra haiN| ahiMsA anAja hai satyAdi usakI rakSA karane vAle bRhad bAr3e haiN|" ahiMsA jala hai aura satyAdi vrata to usI ke saMrakSaka kheta haiN| baMdhana aura mukti ke prasaMga meM bhI hiMsA ko hI mUlabhUta kAraNa svIkAra kiyA gyaa| kintu jainadharma ke AdhAra graMthoM meM se eka mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai suutrkRtaaNg| isake prathama adhyayana ke antargata hiMsA kI bajAya parigraha ko baMdhana kA mUla kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| vahAM kahA gayA hai "parigraha hI saba karmoM kA mUla hai use chor3akara hI vyakti baMdha na se mukti kI dizA meM prasthAna kara sakatA hai|" sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke pahale adhyayana 'samaya' ke pahalI do gAthAoM meM hI isa rahasya ko udghATita karate hue kahA gayA hai bujhejja tiuTTejjA badhaNaM parijANiyA / kimAha baMdhaNaM vIre? ki vA jANaM tiuTTai ? vittamaMtamacittaM vA parigijjha kisaamvi| 89 aNNaM vA aNujANai evaM dukkhA Na muccaI // isameM kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ne baMdhana kise kahA hai aura kise jAnakara use tor3A jA sakatA hai| samAdhAna zailI meM kahA gayA - parigraha buddhi (mamatva) hI baMdhana kA hetu hai aura mamatva rakhane vAlA jIva kabhI bandhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| baMdhana mukti ke upAyoM kI carcA karate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA baMdhana mukti ke do upAya haiM 1. dhana aura parivAra meM atrANa darzana 2. jIvana kA mRtyu kI dizA meM saMdhAvana' mananazIla prANI/ manuSya kA hara prayatna duHkha nivRtti aura sukha prApti ke lie hotA hai aura adhyAtma kI bhASA meM baMdhana duHkha hai aura mokSa / mukti sukha hai| arthAt AdhyAtmika duHkha-sukha hai- baMdha aura mokSa karma baMdha yAnI duHkha ke hetuoM kI carcA jainadharma kI eka maulika carcA hai| karma kA itanA sUkSma aura vizada vivecana anya kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| usa vizada carcA kA sAra yaha hai ki baMdha ke do mukhya hetu haiM 1. AraMbha (hiMsA) 2. parigraha hiMsA kI carcA hama pahale kara cuke haiN| unake atirikta rAga-dveSa, mohAdi bhI baMdhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM para ina sabakI dhurI eka hai- prigrh| Aja hama dekha rahe haiN| jitanI bhI hiMsA ho rahI hai paryAvaraNa pradUSaNa evaM usakA dohana Adi usakA mUla kAraNa hai- parigrahI dRSTikoNa Aja manuSya kI lAlasA bar3hatI jA rahI hai jitanA hai usase aura
Page #186
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 90 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 adhika pAne kI cAha paidA ho gaI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA suvaNNarUpassa u pavvayA bhave siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci icchA u AgAsasamA annNtiyaa|| (uttarAdhyayanasUtra. 9.48) karor3apati cAhatA hai maiM arabapati banU~ aura isake lie vaha kisI bhI hada taka nIce girane ko taiyAra hai, kucha bhI karane ko taiyAra hai| bar3hatA huA AtaMkavAda isakA jAjvalyamAna udAharaNa hai| ina sabakA mUla kAraNa kyA? mUla kAraNa hai-prigrh| Aja dhana kucha vyaktiyoM ke madhya vikendriya ho gayA hai aura hamArI artha vyavasthA kA DhAMcA bhI kucha isa taraha kA hai ki isameM amIra aura amIra hotA jA rahA hai aura garIba aura griib| vizva kI aisI dayanIya sthiti ko dekhate hue hI mahAn dArzanika vivekAnanda AcArya mahAprajJa ne likhA hai AkAza meM tAre haiM ve nIce AnA cAhate haiM dharatI para vRkSa haiM ve Upara jAnA cAhate haiM saMtoSa Upara bhI nahIM hai nIce bhI nahIM hai| aura isI asaMtoSa atRpti kI phalazruti hai- hiMsA, aatNkvaad| jaba taka vyakti ke parigraha kI cetanA rahatI hai taba taka vyakti ahiMsaka nahIM bana sktaa| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ye kabhI nahIM kahA ki- dhana mata rakho, saMpatti mata rakho kyoMki jIvanayApana ke lie dhana bhI Avazyaka hai, saMpatti bhI jarUrI hai| ye parigraha nahIM hai parigraha hai inake prati hone vAlA mUrchA bhAva, mamatva bhaav| jahAM mamatva buddhi jur3a jAtI hai vahAM dhana-daulata, strI, putra, svajana aura zarIra Adi sabhI parigraha haiN| maiM aura merApana eka aisA bhAva hai jinase vyakti baMdha jAtA hai aura phira vaha inake lie hiMsA bhI kara sakatA hai, jhUTha bhI bola sakatA hai, corI bhI kara sakatA hai aura abrahma kA sevana bhI kara sakatA hai arthAt jaba taka parigraha kI sAdhanA nahIM sadhatI taba taka vaha baMdhana mukti kI ora agrasara nahIM ho sktaa| parigrahI vyakti kI aisI cetanA rahatI hai ki vaha aprApta parigraha kI tIvra AkAMkSA rakhatA hai, prApta ke saMrakSaNa hetu vividha AyAma karatA hai aura jo naSTa ho gayA hai usake lie anutApa karatA hai aura isI ciMtana meM apane jIvana ke amUlya kSaNoM ko naSTa karatA huA vaha baMdhana ko aura adhika gAr3ha banA detA hai| kyoMki Idhana DAlane se kabhI Aga zAnta nahIM hotI vaise hI upabhoga se kabhI tRpti nahIM milatI aura vyakti kI parigraha dRSTi aura bar3hatI jAtI hai| baMdhana mukti ke upAyoM kI carcA karate hue sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA- baira kI paraMparA ko vicchinna karo lekina jaba parigraha hai, mamatva hai, taba taka vyakti/ prANI ke prANa
Page #187
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 91 viyojana marma-chedana Adi kisI se nahIM ghabarAtA aura isa taraha vaha eka lambI baira paraMparA kA sRjana kara letA hai aura du:kha kI paraMparA ko bar3hA detA hai| eka du:kha se mukta hokara dUsare duHkha meM phaMsa jAtA hai| baMdhana se mukta honA hai to vyakti ko mamatva buddhi kA parihAra karanA hogA use yaha samajhanA hogA ki dhana, strI, svajana Adi trANa nahIM haiM, zaraNa nahIM haiN| kRta karmoM kA phala svayaM ko hI bhoganA par3atA hai koI kisI kA sahayoga nahIM karatA, hissA nahIM baaNtttaa| vyakti ko cAhie ki vaha parigrahI dRSTikoNa ko chor3a aparigraha kI ora prasthAna kareM aura karmoM kI zrRMkhalA ko tor3a baMdhana se mukti kI ora agrasara ho| karma baMdhana ke parokSa hetu haiM-rAga aura dvess| pratyakSa hetu haiM-parigraha aura hiNsaa| kAraNa ko miTAe binA kArya ko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| baMdhana ke kAraNoM ko miTAe binA baMdhana ko nahIM tor3A jA sktaa| parigraha kI mUrchA ko tor3anA hI vaha satya hai jise jAna lene para baMdhana ko tor3A jA sakatA hai| parigrahI dRSTikoNa yadi badala jAe to Aja vizva kI aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| kahA bhI jAtA hai- "aparigraha kA rakSAkavaca vizvazAMti kA rakSAkavaca saMdarbhaH 1. praznavyAkaraNasUtra, 108 2. dazavaikAlikasUtra 6.8 ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA, savvabhUesu sNjmo| jaina siddhAMta dIpikA, 6.7 prANAnAmanatipAtaH sarvabhUteSu saMyamaH apramAdo vA ahiNsaa| sthAnAMgasUtra, 2.109 carittaMdhamme duvihe paNNatte, taM jahA agAracaritadhamme ceva aNagAracaritadhamme cev| upAsakadazAsUtra, 1.11 tameva dhamma vihaM Aikkhai, taM jahA agAra dhamma aNagAraM dhamma c| 4. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6.8 tatthimaM paDhamaM ThANaM, mahAvIreNa desiyN| ahiMsA niuNaM diTThA savvabhUesu sNjmo| haribhadrIya aSTaka, 6.5 ahiMsA zasyasaMrakSaNevRtti kalpatvAt styaadivrtaanaaN| 6. yogazAstra, 2 ahiMsA payasaH pAli bhUtAnyavratAni yt| 7. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1.1.5 vittaM soyariyA ceva, savvameyaM Na taanni| saMdhAti jIvite ceva, kammNA u tiutttti|| 8. dazavaikAlikasUtra, 6.20 na so pariggaho vutto nAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto.... sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1.1.3-4 sayaM tivAtae pANe aduvA aNNehiM ghaaye| haNataM vANujANai veraM vaDDha appnno|| jassi kule samuppaNNe jehiM vA saMvase nnre| mamAtI luppatI bAle aNNamaNNehiM mucchie| -gAMvaguDA, rAjasamanda (rAjasthAna)
Page #188
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ akAlamaraNaH AcArya umAsvAmI kI dRSTi meM pulaka goyala zramaNa saMskRti kA pravAha anAdikAla se hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne samaya-samaya para isa saMskRti kA pravartana kiyA hai| tIrthaMkaroM kI divyadhvani se sRjita dvAdazAMga zrutajJAnarUpI sUrya se zramaNa saMskRti prakAzamAna hotI hai| vartamAna meM isa jJAna kA AMzika prakAzamAtra upalabdha hai| isa nyUnAtinyUna saMrakSita jJAna kA pUrNa zreya zramaNa saMskRti ke nAyaka, sAMsArika vibhUtiyoM se virakta aura sarvajanahitAya sarvajanasukhAya kI bhAvanA se otaprota AcAryoM kI vizAla zraMkhalA ko jAtA hai| azeSa-padArtha- vettA AcArya umAsvAmI aparanAma AcArya gRddhapiccha kA isa svarNima zrRMkhalA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| Apake dvArA viracita sUtragraMtha 'tattvArtha' kA adhyayana pratyeka jaina dArzanika kA prAthamika anivArya karttavya hai| vastutaH samagra jainadharma aura darzana ke bIja isa graMtha meM nihita haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha yaha graMtha jaina paraMparA kA prathama aura sarvAdhika adhIta sUtra sAhitya hai| AcArya samantabhadra, AcArya pUjyapAda, AcArya akalaMka, AcArya vidyAnaMda Adi jaina tArkika, dArzanika, vaiyAkaraNa bhI isa graMtha para TIkA likhane kA lobha saMvarita nahIM kara pAye isa graMtha kA pratyeka sUtra jaina vAGmaya ke lAkhoM pRSThoM kA mUlAdhAra hai| AcArya umAsvAmI kI dRSTi meM akAlamaraNa AcArya umAsvAmI ne apane ekamAtra graMtha 'tattvArthasUtra meM akAlamaraNa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA hai| tathApi dUsare adhyAya ke aMtima sUtra meM Apane 'anapavartyAyuSka jIvoM" kA nirdeza kiyA hai| isa sUtra para TIkA karate hue prAya: sabhI TIkAkAroM ne avaziSTa jIvoM ke akAlamaraNa kI bhajanIyatA prakaTa kI hai| isa sUtravAkya ke AdhAra se vibhinna AcAryoM ne akAlamaraNa ke vibhinna kAraNoM para bhI dRSTipAta kiyA hai| adhikAMza jainAcAyoM ne saMsAra kI anityatA, zarIra ke prati viraktatA, parabhava saMbandhI duHkhoM se bhaya Adi viSayoM para vyAkhyAna hetu isa siddhAMta kA pUrNa samarthana kiyA hai| cikitsA viSayaka zAstroM kA sRjana bhI isa akAlamaraNa kI avadhAraNa kA saMpuSTa pratiphala hai, jo isakI bhajanIyatA ko dekhate hue isase bacane kA kArya karatA hai| jIvadayA kA mArmika upadeza bhI isa siddhAMta kI satyatA svIkArane para hI upayogI aura anupAlana yogya hai| yaha kahanA galata nahIM hogA ki akAlamaraNa utanA hI satya hai, jitanA jIvana aura maraNa kA saMbandha / akAlamaraNa kA svarUpa zAstroM meM akAlamaraNa ke aneka nAmAntara prApta hote haiN| AcArya kundakundasvAmI akAlamaraNa ko 'avamiccu' (apamRtyu) kahate haiN|' sarvArthasiddhi meM AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI
Page #189
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 'ayathAkAlamaraNa' nAma pradAna karate haiN| rAjavArtika evaM zlokavArtika meM 'aprAptakAlamaraNa', 'apavAyuSa' aura 'akAlamRtyu' kA prayoga hai| dhavalA jI, gommaTasAra Adi graMthoM meM 'kadalIghAtamaraNa' zabda dRSTigocara hotA hai| __'akAla eva jiivitbhrNsho'kaalmRtyuH|' artha- asamaya meM baddha Ayu:sthiti ke pUrva meM hI jIvita kA nAza honA akAlamRtyu athavA akAlamaraNa hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bhujyamAna Ayu (vartamAna bhogI jAne vAlI Ayu) kA eka samaya zeSa rahate bhI maraNa hotA hai, to vaha akAlamaraNa hai| jaise koI manuSya Ayu 90 varSa bhogate hue durghaTanA Adi meM raktakSaya ho jAne se 50 varSa kI umra meM (athavA 90 varSa se pUrva kabhI bhI) maraNa ho jAtA hai, to use akAlamaraNa, ayathAkAlamaraNa, apamRtyu, kadalIghAtamaraNa, aprAptakAlamaraNa Adi kahA jAtA hai| akAlamaraNa kisa jIva kA nahIM hotA hai? isa sambandha meM AcArya umAsvAmI ne eka svataMtra sUtra kI racanA kI hai| unhoMne pUrNa Ayu bhogakara maraNa prApta karane vAloM kI sUcI apane sUtra meM dI hai, jisase TIkAkAroM ne zata pratizata svIkAra bhI kiyA hai| sUtra isa prakAra hai "auppaadik-crmottm-dehaa-sNkhyey-vrssaayusso'npvaayussH||2/53|| artha- upapAda janmavAle deva aura nArakI, caramottama deha vAle arthAt tadbhava mokSagAmI aura asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuvAle bhogabhUmi ke jIva paripUrNa AyuvAle hote haiN| arthAt ina jIvoM kI asamaya meM mRtyu nahIM hotI hai| yaha sAmAnyatayA niyama hai ki deva, nArakI, bhogabhUmi aura kubhogabhUmi ke manuSya aura tiryaJca tathA tadbhavamokSagAmI jIvoM kA akAlamaraNa nahIM hotA hai| akAlamaraNa kisa jIva kA ho sakatA hai? uparyukta sUtra kI TIkAoM meM yaha nirdeza prApta hotA hai ki inase atirikta jIvoM kA akAlamaraNa na hone ke saMbandha meM koI niyama nahIM hai| AcArya pUjyapAda aura AcArya akalaMka bhaTTa apanI TIkAoM meM likhate haiM 'itressaamniymH|' artha- inase atirikta jIvoM ke yaha niyama nahIM hai|' yadi AcArya umAsvAmI ko yaha dRSTa hotA hai ki 'akAlamaraNa' hotA hI nahIM hai taba unheM yaha sUtra likhane kI AvazyakatA hI na par3atI / koI bhI matimAna isa sUtra ke tAtparya ko sahaja anadekhA nahIM kara sakatA hai| AcArya akalaMkasvAmI akAlamaraNa kI siddhi meM hetu dete haiM ki 'aprAptakAla meM maraNa kI anupalabdhi hone se akAlamaraNa nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahanA cAhiye kyoMki jaise kAgaja, payAla Adi upAyoM ke dvArA Amra Adi phala avadhArita (nizcita) paripAkakAla ke pUrva hI pakA diye jAte haiM yA paripakva ho jAte haiM, aisA dekhA jAtA hai, usI prakAra paricchinna (avadhArita) maraNakAla ke pUrva hI udIraNA ke kAraNa se Ayu kI udIraNA hokara akAlamaraNa ho jAtA hai| Ayurveda ke sAmarthya
Page #190
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 94 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 se akAlamaraNa siddha hotA hai| jaise- aSTAMga Ayurveda ko jAnanevAlA atinipuNa vaidya yathAkAla vAtAdi ke udaya ke pUrva hI vamana virecana Adi ke dvArA anudIrNa hI kapha Adi doSoM ko balAt nikAla detA hai, dUra kara detA hai tathA akAlamRtyu ko dUra karane ke liye rasAyana Adi kA upadeza detA hai| anyathA yadi akAlamaraNa nahIM haiM to rasAyana Adi kA upadeza vyartha hai| rasAyana kA upadeza hai, ataH Ayurveda ke sAmarthya se bhI akAlamaraNa siddha hotA hai| " nizcaya naya ko sarvotkRSTa aura vyavahAra naya ko jhUThA kahane vAle kucha ekAntI pravacanakAra akAlamaraNa ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki nizcaya naya kI apekSA se akAlamaraNa nahIM hotA hai| unakA yaha kathana nayaviSayaka ajJAna ko hI darzAtA hai| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki janma aura maraNa nizcaya naya kI apekSA nahIM hai, vyavahAra naya kI apekSA hai| jaba nizcaya naya se maraNa hI nahIM hotA hai, phira akAlamaraNa nahIM hotA, yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vyavahAra naya karma sApekSa hotA hai aura nizcaya naya karma nirapekSa, ataH Ayukarma ke kSaya se maraNa hotA hai, yaha vAkya nizcaya naya se nahIM kahA jAtA hai, apitu vyavahAra naya se hI kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra se devAdi ke atirikta zeSa jIvoM kA akAlamaraNa bhajanIya hai, yaha kathana bhI vyavahAra naya se kahA jAtA hai, nizcaya naya se nhiiN| kucha ekAntavAdI paNDitamAnI yaha kahate haiM ki sAMsArika dRSTi meM akAlamaraNa bhale hI ho, parantu sarvajJa kI dRSTi meM sabhI kA sakAlamaraNa hI hotA hai| yaha tarka bhI asaMgata hai| jisa saMsAra ko hama raMga-biraMgA dekhate haiM, kyA sarvajJa kI dRSTi meM vaha kucha anya prakAra se dikhegA? lekhanI kI yaha nIlI syAhI kyA sarvajJa kI dRSTi meM lAla ho sakatI hai ? kadApi nahIM ho sakatI, anyathA ve unmattavat kucha kA kucha dekhane jAnane vAle ho jaayeNge| sarvajJa kI dRSTi meM bhI yahI pratibhAsita hogA ki 90 varSa kI Ayu pUrNa karane se pahale hI vaha jIva (50 varSa kI Ayu meM) maraNa ko prApta huA/ ho rahA hai / hogaa| ataH yaha akAlamaraNa hai| yadi akAlamaraNa vAstava meM hotA hI nahIM ho sakatA bhI nahIM hai, to vAhanoM se bhare hue mArga meM hameM A~kheM banda karake daur3anA cAhiye, jAnalevA bhI roga hone para ciMtita nahIM honA cAhiye, cikitsakoM aura vaidyoM ke pAsa nahIM jAnA cAhiye, tairanA nahIM Ane para bhI bAr3ha ke pAnI meM kUda jAnA cAhiye, teja raphtAra se AtI huI Trena ke sAmane khar3e ho jAnA cAhiye, dina-rAta dhUmrapAna karanA cAhiye, 25vIM maMjila se kUdane kA zauka rakhanA cAhiye, havAI jahAja se bhI binA pairAzUTa ke chalAMga mAranI cAhiye, jalate hue ghara meM caina se so jAnA cAhiye ityAdi / parantu eka abodha puruSa bhI jAnabUjhakara aisA kucha bhI nahIM karanA cAhatA hai kyoMki use mAlUma hai ki ina sabase akAraNa mRtyu ho jaayegii| ataH pratyeka jIva AcArya umAsvAmI kI isa dRSTi kA pUrNa sammAna karatA hai aura use svIkAra bhI karatA hai|
Page #191
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 95 purANoM se lekara siddhAMta graMthoM taka pratyeka zAstra meM kisI na kisI prakaraNa meM ina kAraNoM kA saMketa mila hI jAtA hai| sabhI kA yahA~ ullekha nahIM karate hue, upalakSaNa mAtra ke liye adhyAtma jagat ke upalabdha Adya graMthakAra AcArya kundakundasvAmI kI gAthAe~ prastuta haiM visveynnrttkkhybhystthgghnnsNkilesaannN| AhArussANaM NirohaNA khijjae aauu||25|| himjlnnslilguruyrpvvytruruhnnpddnnbhNgehi| rasavijjajoyadhAraNaaNayapasaMgehi vivihehi||26|| iya tiriyamaNuyajamme suiraM uvavajjiUNa bhuvaarN| avamiccumahAdukkhaM tivvaM pattosi taM mittN||27|| arthAt viSa kI vedanA, raktakSaya, bhaya, zastra kI coTa, saMkleza tathA AhAra aura zvAsocchvAsa ke nirodha se Ayu kSINa hotI hai| hima, agni, pAnI, bahuta U~ce parvata athavA vRkSoM ke Upara car3hane aura girane ke samaya hone vAle aMga-bhaMga se tathA rasavidyA ke yoga dhAraNa aura anIti ke nAnA prasaMgoM se Ayu kSINa hotI hai| he mitra! isa prakAra tiryaJca aura manuSya janma meM cirakAla taka aneka bAra utpanna hokara tU apamRtyu ke tIvra mahAdu:kha ko prApta huA hai| Adhunika vijJAna aura akAlamaraNa Adhunika vijJAna ne aise kaI aviSkAra kiye haiM, jinase asAdhya roga bhI sAdhya ho gaye haiM, zarIra kA koI aMga (hRdaya, gurdA Adi) kharAba hone para badalA jA sakatA hai, rakta adhika baha jAne para dUsare vyakti kA rakta bhI car3hAyA jA sakatA hai, ityAdi upacAroM se akAlamaraNa kI saMbhAvanAe~ ghaTa jAtI haiN| parantu audyogika unnati ke kAraNa zaharoM meM pradUSaNa kI mAtrA bar3hane se prAyaH sabhI kI Ayu niraMtara udIraNA ko prApta ho jAtI hai| manuSyoM kI ausata Ayu ghaTa rahI hai| vaijJAnikoM ne vividha parIkSaNoM se yaha siddha bhI kiyA hai ki pradUSaNamukta samudra meM rahanevAlI machaliyA~ adhika jIvI hotI haiM, parantu pradUSaNayukta samudra meM ve jaldI maraNa ko prApta ho jAtI haiN| vartamAna samaya meM phala, sabjI, dUdha, anAja, ghI Adi bhI milAvaTI aura kRtrima rasAyanoM se mizrita Ate haiM, havA meM jaharIlI gaisoM kI mAtrA AvazyakatA se kahIM adhika hai, sA~sa kI bImAriyA~ bar3ha rahI haiM, zaharI vyastatAoM ke kAraNa tanAva bar3ha rahA hai ityAdi kAraNoM se vRddhAvasthA evaM indriyoM kI zithilatA kama umra meM AtI hai aura zIghra maraNa ho jAtA hai| ataH Adhunika vijJAna bhI akAlamaraNa ke isa siddhAMta se pUrNa sahamata
Page #192
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 96 anekAnta 64/2, apraila-jUna 2011 saMdarbhaH 1. A. kundakunda, aSTapAhur3a (bhAvapAhur3a), bhA. anekAnta vidvat pariSad, lohAriyA, 1994, gAthA 27, pRSTha 272 2. A. pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1999, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53, pRSTha 147 3. A. bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavArtika, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2008, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53, pRSTha 158 4. A. nemicandra siddhAMtacakravartI, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, zivasAgara graMthamAlA. mahAvIra jI. 2003, gAthA 58, pRSTha 38 paM. bAlabhadra siddhAMtazAstrI. jaina lakSaNAvalI, vIra sevA maMdira, dillI, 1972, bhAga 1, pR. 4 6. AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, sAhitya prakAza samiti, barelA, prathama saMskaraNa, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53, pRSTha 38 AcArya pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1999, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53, pRSTha 149, AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, tattvArthavArtika, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2008, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53,pRSTha 158 ___ AryikA vijJAnamatI, tattvArthamaJjUSA, jaina samAja, Arauna, 2005, prathama khaNDa, adhyAya 2, sUtra 53, pRSTha 361 9. AcArya kundakunda, aSTapAhur3a (bhAvapAhuDa), bhA. anekAnta vi. pa., lohAriyA, 1995, gAthA 25-27, pRSTha 270-272 8. -(zodha chAtra) prAkRta jainAgama vibhAga zrI di0 jaina A0 saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya sAMgAnera, jayapura (rAja.) 302029, mo0 9314591397
Page #193
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Year-64, Volume-3 RNINo. 10591/62 July-September 2011 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (janavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002
Page #194
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro. ema. ela. jaina, naI dillI ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) Founder Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. Phoolchand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka / Subsercription eka aMka- rupaye 20/- vArSika ru.80/ This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna ) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI- 110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAn lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbhoM kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|
Page #195
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ munivara-stuti guru samAna dAtA nahiM koI guru samAna dAtA nahiM koii| bhAnu prakAza na nAzata jAko, so aMdhiyArA DArai khoii| guru...... megha samAna sabanapai barasai, kachu icchA jAke nahiM hoii| naraka pazugati AgamAhitai, suraga mukata sukha thApai soii| guru..... tIna loka maMdira meM jAnauM, dIpakasama parakAzaka loii| dIpatalaiM aMdhiyArA bharayo hai, antara bahira vimala hai joii| guru..... tArana tarana jihAja suguru hai, saba kuTumba Dovai jgtoii| 'dyAnata" nizidina niramala mana meM, rAkho, guru-pada paMkaja doii| guru..... - paM. dyAnatarAya jI
Page #196
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA munivara-stuti viSayAnukramaNikA 4 1. jinapratimA aura jinapUjanaH eka vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa -prAcArya paM. nihAlacaMda jaina 5-14 2. apAmArga auSadhi - DaoN. caraNasiMha 15-19 3. tattvasAra (tattvadezanA) ke pariprekSya meM heya aura upAdeya -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina 20-24 4. jaina vidyA meM jIva-tattva-siddhi -DaoN. basanta lAla jaina 25-29 5. jainadharma meM nArI kI sthiti -DaoN. ramezacanda jaina 30-40 6. jaina pratimA vijJAna -DaoN. azokakumAra jaina 41-46 7. hAr3autI kI jaina mUrtikalA paraMparA -lalita zarmA 47-58 8. paNDita dyAnatarAya aura unakA racanA-saMsAra -DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina 59-66 9. trilokasAra AdhArita siddhAnta cakravartI nemicandrAcArya kI dRSTi meM upAsya (pUjya) deva -DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala 67-71 10. jaina dharma nirapekSatA -satendrakumAra jaina 72-85 11. Concept of Functional Consciousness (Upayoga) in Jainism -Samani Chaityapragya 86-90 12. vIra zAsana jayaMtI rASTrIya vyAkhyAnamAlA sampanna -paM. nihAlacaMdra jaina 91-94 13. pustaka samIkSA -Aloka kumAra jaina 14. vidvAnoM aura pAThakoM se nivedana
Page #197
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jinapratimA aura jinapUjanaH eka vaijJAnika dRSTikoNa -prAcArya paM. nihAlacaMda jaina zrAvaka ke SaTkarmoM meM jinadeva pUjA kA prathama sthAna hai| pUjA-bhakti aura guNastavana ke mAdhyama se zraddhA kI abhivyakti hotI hai| pUjA ke dvArA bhakta apanI praNati ko itanA prAMjala aura samarpita karanA cAhatA hai ki pUjA kI prazastatAe~ vilIna hokara praNAma kA vyavahAra hI samApta ho jaae| yAni pUjA karane vAlA eka dina svayaM pUjya bana jAtA hai| pUjA hai-jIvana ko pUrNatA kI ora le jAnA aura pala-pratipala AnaMda meM jIne kA bhaav| jaina saMskRti meM paramAtmA pada ko prApta vyakti vizeSa kI pratikRti-pratimA kahalAtI hai, jabaki mUrti (Statue) kisI bhI vyakti kI aisI pratikRti hotI hai jo usake bAharI rUpa se adhika sAmya ho| 'caitya' zabda bhI pratimA ke lie saMjJita hai| pUjA kA dhyeya hai mUrta se amUrta kI yaatraa| devI yA gaNeza kI mUrti biThAkara phira usakA visarjana kara dete haiN| isake pIche bar3A rahasya hai- "idhara banAo mUrti AkAra meM aura pUjA kI pUrNatA ho nirAkAra meM usako visarjita krke| mUrti kA apanA mahattva hai aura isake pIche atIta kA prAmANika itihAsa hai| maMdira meM hI pUjA kyoM kI jAtI hai? isakA eka vaijJAnika ciMtana hai| jinapUjana ke lie Avazyaka hai bAhya zuddhi ke sAtha aMtaraMga shuddhi| pUjA ke do rUpa haiM- tadAkAra sthApanA aura puSpAdi meM sthaapnaa| pUjana 6 prakAra se karanA cAhie- prastAvanA, purAkarma, sthApanA, sannidhApana, pUjA aura pUjA kA phl| pUjA pA~ca prakAra kI hotI hai-nityamaha pUjA, ASTAhnika pUjA, caturmukha mahAmaha pUjA, kalpadruma pUjA aura aindradhvaja puujaa| jo aSTa dravyoM ke sAtha mahotsava pUrvaka kI jAtI hai| pUjana ke avAMtara 6 bheda bhI kahe gaye haiM- nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| pUjana karane kA apanA eka vAstu hai| kisa dizA meM mu~ha karake pUjana kI jAve aura usakA kyA phala hotA hai? ikkIsa prakAra kI jinarAja kI pUjana hai- jise jo priya ho use bhAvapUrvaka kreN| jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjana karane kA sarvottama phala yaha hai ki pUjaka, unhIM kI bhAMti pUjya bana jAtA hai| usase sAMsArika vaibhava, samRddhi, puNyAdi caramotkarSa ke rUpa meM prApta hokara parama Atma-vizuddhi pUrvaka kevalajJAna rUpI sAmrAjya prApta hotA hai| AcArya padmanaMdI ne zrAvaka ke SaTkarma batAye haiM devapUjA gurupAstiH, svAdhyAya sNymstpH| dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM, SaTkarmANi dine dine|| ukta chaha kartavyoM meM 'devapUjA' ko prathama sthAna diyA hai| vaha deva kaisA ho jisakI pUjA kI jAe? uttara hai- vaha aThAraha doSoM se rahita vItarAgI ho, vizva ke saMpUrNa padArthoM kA jJAtA yAni sarvajJa ho aura hitopadezI ho, aisA arhanta deva paramAtmA pUjya hai jaisA
Page #198
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 ki AcArya samaMtabhadra ne kahA hai AptenocchinnadoSeNa srvjnyenaagmeshinaa| bhavitavyaM niyogena nAnyathA hyAptatA bhvet|| jo pUjA, pUjaka ko pUjya banA de, aisI pUjA hI usa pUjA kA sahI phala hai| AcArya kuMdakuMdadeva (prathama zatI I.) ne mAnava ke cAra kartavya batAye haiM-dAna, pUjA, tapa aura shiil| vaidika aura zramaNa sabhI ne pUjA/ upAsanA ko svIkRti (mAnyatA) dI hai| hA~ itanA avazya hai ki koI nirguNa upAsanA ko mAnatA hai to koI saguNa upAsanA ko| saguNa upAsanA vAlA mUrti yA pratimA ke mAdhyama se bhagavatpUjana karatA hai| 'pUjA' zraddhA kI abhivyakti hai| bhakti aura stutiyoM ke mAdhyama se zraddhA ghanIbhUta ho, pUjA ke rUpa meM nartana karane lagatI hai| bhakta, apane ArAdhyadeva ke guNoM se itanA sammohita ho jAtA hai ki una jaisA bana jAne kI abhilASA apanI pUjA meM karane lagatA hai| jainadharma meM vyakti vizeSa kI pUjA kA vidhAna nahIM hai balki mUrtamAna kI usa guNarAzi kI pUjA hai jo svAtmadarzana ke lie parama sahAyaka hai| bhakta bhagavAn ke samakSa praNAma karatA huA bhAvanA karatA hai ki bhagavan! Apake aura hamAre bIca kI dUrI ne praNAma ko sthApita kiyA hai| Apake sannikaTa Akara isa bIca ke antara ko samApta kara jaba Apake svarUpa ko AtmasAta kara leMge to praNAma kA yaha vyavahAra hI samApta ho jaayegaa| hamArA praNAma itanA prAMjala aura samarpita bana jAye, hamArI praNati itanI pAradarzI evaM vizuddha bana jAye ki pUjA kI prazastatAe~ hI vilIna ho jaayeN| vItarAga jinadeva kI pUjA kI yaha adbhuta vizeSatA hai ki pUjA karane vAlA eka dina svayaM pUjya bana jAtA hai| jinadeva kI pUjA-unakI prasannatA ke lie nahIM balki AtmA ko pavitra karane ke dhyeya se kI jAtI hai| na pUjayArthastvayi vItarAge, na nindayA nAtha vivaantvaire| tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtirnaH, punAti cinnaM duritaanyjnebhyH|| pUjA kA lakSya hotA hai, citta kI caMcalatA ko sameTanA, mana kI kalmaSatA ko dhonA aura ahaMkAra zUnya ho jaanaa| pUjA yAni saMpUrNa smrpnn| apane upAdhijanya astitva kA visrjn| pUjA hai-AtmotkarSa kI vaha bhAva dazA, jahA~ kisI sAMsArika vikalpa ke lie koI sthAna na rhe| zrAvaka ke zeSa pA~ca karttavya-jinapUjA ke hI anuprayoga haiN| guru upAsanA yAni nirgrantha digambara muni kI bhakti, vaiyyAvRtti Adi kyA pUjA kI koTi meM nahIM AtI? svAdhyAya, saMyama aura tapa-ye Atmazodhana kI AdhyAtmika prakriyA haiM astu nizcaya se ye AtmapUjA haiN| isI prakAra 'dAna' para padArtha se nirmamatva kI cetanA kA vikAsa hai| pUjA se jo 'bheda-vijJAna' anubhava kiyA usako jIvana ke vijJAna meM caritArtha krnaa| jIvana ko pUrNatA kI ora le jAnA hai-pUjA vartamAna ke eka-eka samaya meM AnaMda meM jIne kA kAma hai-pUjA pUjA kI pAralaukikatA para jyAdA vicAra na karake vartamAna meM jAgarUka, apramAdI, niyaMtrita aura saMyamita rUpa se jIne kA bhAva pUjA kI niSpattiyA~ haiN| pUjA ko bhaviSya kI kAmanA se na jor3eM ki svarga, saMpadA, sukha vaibhava upalabdha hogA balki usa anubhUti se
Page #199
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 saMsparzita hoM, jo pUjA karate samaya pala-pratipala mila rahI hai| yaha jAneM ki 'pUjA' ke kSaNa, hamAre kevala apane kSaNa hote haiN| zeSa kSaNa to moha aura mamatA ke kaTaghare meM kaida rahate haiN| parivAra ke khAte meM cale jAte haiN| pUjA hai- 'svasamaya meM jiinaa| pUjA ke alAvA jo samaya hai, vaha parasamaya hai| 'parasamaya' yAni rAga ke anubaMdha aura dveSa ke utpIr3ana rUpa saMsAra pravartana kA smy| 'parasamaya' yAni hamArI mUrchA aura Asakti kA phailaav|| jaina saMskRti meM pratimA' zabda kA prayoga ativiziSTa guNoM se yukta paramAtmA pada ko prApta vyakti vizeSa kI pratikRti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| usameM rUpa gauNa aura guNa kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| jabaki mUrti (sTecyu) kisI bhI vyakti kI pratikRti ke lie abhihita hai| mUrti meM usa vyakti ke bAharI rUpa kI adhika sAmyatA hotI hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM pratimA ko 'caitya' zabda se saMjita kiyA hai| caityaM pratibimbamiti yaavt| pratyAsatteH zrutayorevArhatsiddhayoH prtibiNbgrhnnN| AcArya zivArya ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM likhA hai ki arihaMta Adi kI pratimA ke darzana aura pUjana se unake guNoM kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai tathA isase azubha karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai| iSTa puruSArtha kI siddhi meM jinabiMba (pratimA) kAraNa hote haiM aura pratimA kI bhakti (caitya-bhakti) Atma-svarUpa kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotI hai|' pUjA kA dhyeya kucha prazna mere mAnasa meM AMdolita hote haiM ki Akhira arihaMta deva-pratimA kI pUjA kyoM kI jAtI hai? paramAtmA to sarvavyApI nirAkAra haiM phira maMdira jAkara vahA~ pUjA karane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai? pUjA ke saMbandha meM pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki vaha hai mUrta se amUrta kI yaatraa| mUrti ko prANa diye binA vaha patthara hai| prANa diye jAne ke bAda pUjA kA AraMbha hotA hai| jaise hI mUrti ko prANa diye gaye vaise vaha jIvaMta vyaktitva ho gyaa| jIvaMta meM AkAra aura nirAkAra donoM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| jahA~ jIvana hai vahA~ AkAra aura nirAkAra kA milana hai| jaba taka mUrti patthara hai, taba taka AkAra hai aura jaise hI usakI prANa-pratiSThA huI vaha jIvaMta ho gyii| nirAkAra kA dvAra khula gayA usake dUsarI tarapha, isa prakAra pUjA hai AkAra se nirAkAra kI yaatraa| mUrti pUjA kA eka aura AdhAra hai Apake mastiSka meM aura virATa paramAtmA ke mastiSka meM saMbandha hai| donoM ke saMbandha ko jor3ane vAlA bIca meM eka setu caahie| mUrti vaha setu hai kyoMki amUrta paramAtmA se sIdhA koI saMbandha sthApita nahIM ho sktaa| Apake yA hamAre sAre anubhava mUrta ke anubhava haiN| hamAre pAsa nirAkAra kA eka bhI anubhava nahIM hai|' AcArya rajanIza ne mUrti pUjA ke eka pravacana meM kahA- mahAvIra kI mUrti ke sAmane Apa baiThe haiN| mahAvIra kI cetanA to anaMta meM kho gayI hai| isa mUrti ke sAmane baiThakara Apa apanI pUre ke pUre prANoM kI UrjA ko AjJAcakra para ikaTThA karake chalAMga lagA deM mUrti ke mastiSka meM to tatkSaNa vaha vicAra mahAvIra kI cetanA taka saMkramita ho jaayegaa|
Page #200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 hamAre deza meM hajAroM sAla taka mUrtiyA~ banAyIM aura phira unheM visarjita kii| devI yA gaNeza kI mUrti biThAte haiM, banAte haiM, sajAte haiM, phira unheM pAnI meM DAlakara visarjita kara dete haiN| isa visarjana ke pIche bar3A rahasya hai| banAo mUrti AkAra meM aura miTAo nirAkAra meN| gahare artha meM pUjA kI pUrNatA to nirAkAra meM hotI hai| usakA miTAnA yA visarjana bar3e cinmaya arthoM meM hai jabaki usakA banAnA hai mRNyama arthoM meN| pUjA kA AraMbha AkAra mUrti se hotA hai aura usakI pUrNatA nirAkAra meM, mUrti ke vidAI meM hotA hai| aisA hI prazna, jaisA mere mAnasa meM utpanna huA hai, ekabAra kisI bhakta ne cAritra cakravartI AcArya zrI zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja se kiyA thaa| AcArya zrI ne usakA uttara diyA thA-"ahaMtadeva kI pUjA 'puSpa' ke samAna hai aura Atmadarzana rUpa nirAkAra paramAtmA kI upAsanA 'phala' ke samAna hai|" deva ArAdhanA ke binA Atmadarzana rUpa jJAna prApta nahIM hotaa| ThIka usI prakAra jaise phUla ke binA phala nahIM ho sktaa| jinapratimA kI pUjA muktimArga kI prathama sIr3hI hai| Aja kI gaI hamArI pUjA Age vikasita hotI huI jaba Atma vikAsa ke muktAyana meM praveza karegI to maMdira meM kI jAne vAlI pUjA kI paMkhur3iyA~ svayameva jhar3ane lageMgI aura mokSaphala kI prApti hogii| ahaMta bhagavAn kI pUjA hI samasta du:khoM kA nivAraNa karake kAmadhenu evaM kalpavRkSa ke samAna manovAMchita phala dene kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai| jaisA ki AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM likhate haiM devAdhidevacaraNe paricaraNaM srvduHkhnirhrnnm| kAmaduha kAmadAhinI paricinuyAdrAdato nitym|| mUrti kA mahattva itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki ekalavya ne binA guru ke unakI mUrti kA nirmANa kiyA aura usa mUrti kA dhyAna karake evaM unake guNoM kA smaraNa karate hue dhanurvidyA kA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| svAmI vivekAnaMda, zrI alavaranareza se isalie milane gaye the ki unhoMne aMgrejoM aura yUropIya sabhyatA se prabhAvita ho mUrti pUjA chor3a dI thii| vivekAnaMda ne tarka aura apane jJAna prabhAva se mUrti kI pUjyatA aura mahattva smjhaayaa| kuNDalapura ke bar3e bAbA AdinAtha bhagavAn kI manorama mUrti kA bhaMjana karane ke uddezya se mahamUda gajanavI apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha AyA parantu jaise hI usane mUrti para prahAra kiyA usameM se dUdha kI dhArA nikala pdd'ii| isa camatkAra se vaha Dara gyaa| itane meM hI hajAroM madhumakkhiyoM ne use kATanA prAraMbha kara diyA aura vaha jAna bacAkara bhaagaa| san 1755 meM haidaraalI dakSiNa bhArata para vijaya hAsila kara zravaNabelagolA kI vizAla suMdara mUrti ko tor3ane ke vicAra se AyA lekina vaha avAk khar3A raha gyaa| vairAgyapUrNa, tyAga aura zAMti kA saMdeza detI usa pratimA ne haidara ke hRdaya ko parivartita kara diyA, katipaya ukta ghaTanAoM se mUrti kI jIvaMtatA svayaMsiddha hotI hai| maMdira meM hI pUjA kyoM? maMdira kA vAstu isa prakAra kA hai ki hamArI dhvani, hamArI pukAra punaH lauTakara A jaae| maMdira kA gumbaja aura garbhagRha arddhagolAkAra ThIka AkAza kI choTI pratikRti
Page #201
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 jaisA nirmita kiyA gyaa| usake bhItara jo bhI maMtroccAra yA pUjA ke svara nikaleMge, ve sIdhe AkAza meM nahIM kho jAyeMge balki vApasa lauTakara pratidhvani paidA kreNge| om kA uccAraNa kareM yA maMtra boleM, pratidhvani ke kAraNa eka sarkila, eka vartula nirmita hotA hai| usa vartula kA AnaMda hI adbhuta hai| padmAsana meM baiThI pratimAeM bhI eka vartula kA nirmANa karatI haiN| donoM jur3e hue pairoM para donoM hAtha rakhe hue dhyAnastha mudrA meM to pUrA zarIra vartula kA kAma karane lagatA hai| isa vartula ke kAraNa zarIra kI vidyut phira kahIM bAhara nahIM nikltii| eka sarkiTa nirmita hotA hai| sarkiTa ke nirmita hote hI hama bAhara ke vicAroM se zUnya hone lagate haiN| dhvani bhI vidyut kA eka rUpa hai tabhI to yaha reDiyo taraMgoM ke rUpa meM parivartita karake saikar3oM ki.mI. bhejI jA sakatI haiN| maMtra dhvani kA vartula banA ki bhItara vicAroM kA kolAhala zAMta hone lagatA hai| maMdira ke gumbaja se vartula banAne kI bar3I adbhuta prakriyA hai| dhvani se gaharA saMbaMdha hai, maMdira kI ArkiTekcara kaa| saMskRta yA prAkRta meM jo dhvani hai, usakA prabhAva zabdagata kI apekSA dhvanigata jyAdA hai| hamAre zAstra 'zruta' kahalAte haiM kyoMki pUrvAcAryoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt 683 varSa taka zruta-paraMparA se zAstroM kA jJAna, eka guru se dUsare ziSya taka gyaa| jaba zAstra lipibaddha hone lage to yaha 'zruta' yA phoneTika prabhAva lupta hone lgaa| jaise 'U~' ke artha kI apekSA isakA dhvanigata mahattva jyAdA hai| maMdira meM kI jAne vAlI pUjA kI dhvanigata upayogitA jyAdA hai, kyoMki maMdira ke garbhagRha meM uccArI gaI dhvani vartula banAtI hai| vaha vartula pratidhvani, mUla dhvani se milakara tIvranAda (Intense Sound) paidA karatA hai| isa prakAra maMdira eka aisI vaijJAnika prakriyA hai, jo dhvani ke mAdhyama se hamAre/Apake bhItara zAMtidAyI, sukhada aura prItikara bhAva ko jagAne kA adbhuta kAma karatA hai| devapUjana/jinapUjana ke lie Avazyaka zuddhi jinendra bhagavAn ke abhAva meM unakI pratimA kA pUjana puNyabaMdha kA hetu hai| devapUjana ke lie aMtaraMga zuddhi aura bahiraMga zuddhi karanI caahie| mana ke bure vicAroM ko dUra karanA aMtaraMga zuddhi hai tathA vidhipUrvaka snAnAdi karanA bAhya zuddhi hai|" jinapUjA ke 2 rUpa1. puSpa Adi meM jina bhagavAn kI sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAtI hai| 2. jinabimboM meM jina bhagavAn kI sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAtI hai| kintu anya deva hariharAdika kI pratimA meM jina bhagavAn kI sthApanA nahIM karanA caahie| jaise zuddha kanyA meM hI patnI kA saMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai, dUsare se vivAhitA meM nhiiN| puSpAdi se sthApanA ahaMta, siddha ko madhya meM, AcArya ko dakSiNa meM, upAdhyAya ko pazcima meM, sAdhu ko uttara meM aura pUrva meM samyagdarzanajJAnacAritra ko krama se bhojapatra yA pATe para hRdaya meM sthApita karanA caahie|
Page #202
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 ahaMta bhagavAn kI pUjA Arogya prApti ke lie, siddha kA stavana (pUjA) karmabaMdhana se mukta hone ke lie, AcArya ko hRdaya kamala meM virAjamAna karake upAdhyAya ko puNya aura zruta kI prApti ke lie tathA AtmA kI sAdhanA ke lie sAdhu parameSThI kI pUjA karanA caahie| ciMtAmaNi ko dene vAle samyagdarzana kI bhaktipUrvaka pUjA kreN| hitAhita ko dekhane vAle netra ke samAna samyagjJAna kI tathA dharmabuddhipUrvaka cAritra kI zaraNa meM jAkara pUjA karanI caahie| atadAkAra (nirAkAra) pUjana ke antargata darzana, jJAna, cAritra bhakti, arhat, siddha, AcArya, caitya aura zAMti bhakti karanA caahie| pUjana karane kI vidhi yA dizA yadi jinabimba kA mukha pUrva dizA kI ora ho to uttara dizA kI ora mu~ha karake khar3A hokara mana, vacana, kAya ko sthira rakhate hue nimnAMkita 6 prakAra se pUjana karanA cAhie prastAvanA purAkarma sthApanA sNnidhaapnm| pUjA, pUjAphala ceti SaDvidhaM devsevnm||15 1. prastAvanA- jinendra bhagavAn kA abhiSeka krnaa| isake tIna prayojana haiM-zArIrika mala ko dUra karanA, jalArcana dvArA pUjyatA kA samAveza tathA gArhasthika kAmAdi sevana gata doSoM kI vishuddhi| jinendradeva kA paramaudArika zarIra mala rahita hotA hai, ve kAmAdi sevana nahIM karate tathA tInoM lokoM meM pUjya haiM ataH puNya saMcaya ke lie abhiSeka karatA huuN| 2. purAkarma- vedI ke cAroM konoM meM jala se bhare cAra ghaToM ko sthApita krnaa| 3. sthApanA- jala se zuddha kiyA gayA, arghya diyA gayA tathA jisa para 'zrIM hrIM' likhA gayA, aise siMhAsana para jinendra bhagavAn kI pratimA ko sthApita krnaa| 4. saMnidhApana- jinabimba sAkSAt bhagavAn haiM, siMhAsana sumeru parvata hai, ghaToM meM bharA jala kSIrasAgara kA hai aura abhiSeka ke lie taiyAra "maiM" sAkSAt indra hU~ aisI bhAvanA karanA saMnidhApana hai| 5. pUjA- ikSu Adi rasoM, ghRta, dugdha aura caMdana Adi sugaMdhita jala se abhiSeka karanA, abhiSeka ke pazcAt AratI karanA, phira aSTa dravya se pUjana karanA caahie| pUjana ke pazcAt unakA stavana, nAma kI jApa, dhyAna aura zAstra kA svAdhyAya karanA caahie| 6. pUjA kA phala- jaba taka ApakA parama pada sthAna mujhe prApta na ho jAve taba taka Apake caraNoM meM merI bhakti rahe tathA cittavRtti meM paropakAra, prANiyoM meM maitrIbhAva tathA Atithya satkAra kI bhAvanA banI rhe| pUjA ke prakAra- pUjA ke vizeSa pA~ca prakAra hote hai nityamaha pUjA, ASTAhnika (naMdIzvara pUjA), caturmukha mahAmaha pUjA, kalpadruma pUjA evaM aindradhvaja puujaa| 1. nityamaha pUjA- jina sAdhanoM se pUjana ke lie sadaiva sAmagrI milatI rahe una sAdhana sAmagrI ke dAna dene ko Agama meM nityamaha kahA hai| ghara kI sAmagrI se pratidina pUjana
Page #203
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 11 karanA, jinacaitya-caityAlaya nirmANa karAnA, apanI acala saMpatti maMdira ke lie lagA denA, saMyamI evaM mahAvratI muniyoM ko pUjA ke bAda AhAra denA 'nityamaha pUjA' hai| 2. ASTAhnika (naMdIzvara ) pUjA- naMdIzvara parva (kArtika, phAlguna, ASAr3ha mAsa) ke aMtima ATha dina-aSTamI se pUrNimA taka bhavyajanoM dvArA kI jAne vAlI puujaa| 3. caturmukha mahAmaha pUjA- maNDalezvara-mahAmaNDalezvara rAjAoM ke dvArA jinendra bhagavAn kA pUjA maNDapa meM caturmukha pratimA virAjamAna karake cAroM hI dizAoM meM khar3e hokara pUjana krnaa| 4. kalpadruma pUjA- cakravartI yA mukuTabaddha maNDalezvara rAjAoM dvArA bhakti se mahotsava ke sAtha jo pUjana kI jAtI hai vaha vaha kalpadruma pUjana hotI hai| 5. aindradhvaja pUjA- indrAdika devoM dvArA samAroha ke sAtha jo pUjana kI jAtI hai| jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjana ATha dravyoM se kI jAtI hai usake kyA prayojana haiN| unakI sArthakatA ko saMkSepa meM varNita kiyA jAtA hai aSTa dravyoM kI sArthakatA- jala se snAnakara zuddha dhotI-dupaTTA pahanakara phira sakalIkaraNa ke jala se zuddha hokara jina bhagavAn kI aSTa dravyoM se pUjana karanA caahie| 1. jala- jinake vacana saMsAra tApa ko nAza karane vAle haiM, jo bAhya evaM aMtaraMga mala se rahita haiM, bhavasAgara se pAra karane vAle haiM aise jinendra bhagavAn kA jala se du:khoM evaM pApoM kI zAMti ke lie evaM janma-jarA-maraNa ke vinAzArtha pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| 2. sugaMdhita dravya yA caMdana- jinakA kamanIya zarIra apane Apa sugaMdhita hai unake caraNa kamaloM kI pUjA caMdanAdi dravya se saMsAra-saMtApa ke vinAza ke lie kI jAtI hai| 3. akSata- jinhoMne aSTakarma rUpI durjaya zatru ko nAza kara diyaa| jinakA aMta:karaNa pUrNa zuddha aura pavitra hai aise bhagavAn ke caraNa-kamaloM ko akhaNDa va pavitra akSata se akSaya pada (paramAtmA) kI prApti ke lie pUjana karate haiN| 4. puSpa- jinhoMne kAma kA sarvathA nAza kiyA aise jinendra prabhu kI arcanA kamala, kevar3A, gulAba, camelI, mAlatI Adi sugaMdhita puSpoM se kAma evaM indriyoM ke vijaya hetu kI jAtI hai| 5. naivedya- kevalajJAna kI prApti kara lI aise prabhu kI pUjana manohara vyaMjanAdi naivedyoM se bhUkha-pyAsa ke sarvathA vinAza hetu pUjana karate haiN| 6. dIpa- jinake kevalajJAna prakAza se dizAe~ daidIpyamAna haiM aise jinendradeva kI pUjana dIpa ke svarNima prakAza se ajJAnatama ko harane ke lie karate haiN| 7. dhUpa- jinhoMne karma samUha ke gahana vana ko jalA diyA aise prabhu kI arcanA kRSNA guru Adi sugaMdhita dravyoM se banI dhUpa ko agni meM jalAkara aSTakarmo ke nAza hetu tathA utkRSTa saubhAgya prApti ke lie kI jAtI hai| 8. phala- svargAdika evaM mokSa phala ko dene vAle prabhu kI pUjA Ama, anAra, kelA, nAraMgI, bIjapura Adi uttama pake phaloM ko samarpita kara mokSaphala kI prApti ke lie kI
Page #204
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 12 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 jAtI hai| arghya- aSTa karma rahita aura samyaktvAdi ATha guNoM se vibhUSita siddhacakra kA aSTa dravyoM se pUjana karatA huuN| ahaMta pada kI prApti ke lie arghya samarpita kiyA jAtA hai| mahAr2yA siddhapada kI prApti hetu evaM pUrNAr2yA nirvANa kalyANa kI prApti hetu car3hAyA jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha zaMkA uThAI jA sakatI hai ki sacitta padArtha se pUjana karane se to sAvadha (AraMbha) hotA hai| samAdhAna- jinapUjana se janma-janma meM upArjita pApakarma kSaNamAtra meM nAza ho jAte haiM to kyA atyalpa sAvadha karma nAza nahIM hogA? avazya hogaa| yadi kevala viSa khAyA jAye to niyama se prANoM kA nAza hogA, parantu vahI viSa marIcAdi uttama auSadhiyoM ke sAtha khAyA jAya to jIvana dAna detA hai| upAyAntara se upayoga meM lAI gaI vahI vastu guNakAraka ho jAtI hai| usI prakAra kuTumba ke lie kiyA gayA AraMbha Adi pApakAraka hotA hai, parantu dharma ke artha kiyA gayA vahI AraMbha hiMsA ko kevala lezamAtra kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| usa adhika puNya samUha meM sAvadha kA lavadoSa (pApa) kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai jisa prakAra viSa kI eka kaNikA samudra ke jala ko bigAr3a nahIM sktii| phor3A cIrane meM du:kha denA bhI lAbhadAyaka hotA hai ata: jinadharma kI prabhAvanA karane meM tatpara bhavyoM ke AraMbha bhI puNyotpatti kA kAraNa hai| pUjana ke avAntara 6 bheda kahe gaye haiM 1. nAma 2. sthApanA 3. dravya 4. kSetra 5. kAla 6. bhAva / 1. nAma- jinendrAdika kA nAmoccAraNa karake zuddha pradeza meM puSpAdi kSepaNa krnaa| 2. sthApanA- sadbhAva sthApanA pUjA meM sAkAra vastuoM meM guNoM kA Aropa kiyA jAtA hai| asadbhAva sthApanA meM varATaka (kamalagaTTA) Adi meM jina bhagavAn kI kalpanA nahIM kI jAnI caahie| 3. dravya- sacitta, acitta aura mizra dravya pUjA ke 3 vikalpa haiN| 4. kSetra- jina kSetroM meM tIrthakara bhagavAn ke garbha, janma, dIkSA, jJAna aura nirvANa kalyANaka hue unakA aSTa dravyoM se pUjana krnaa| 5. kAla- jisa dina ahaMta bhagavAn ke garbha, janma, dIkSA Adi kalyANaka hoM, usa dina yA naMdIzvara parva meM yA ratnatraya, dazalakSaNa parva meM pUjana krnaa| 6. bhAva- ananta catuSTaya se yukta jina bhagavAn ke guNoM kI stuti pUrvaka jo trikAla sAmAyika kI jAtI hai vaha bhAva pUjA hai| paMca parameSThiyoM kA nAma smaraNa karanA bhI bhAva pUjana hai| binA tilaka lagAye pUjana nahIM karanA caahie| 9 sthAnoM para tilaka cihna lagAnA caahie| madhyAhna meM puSpoM se tathA saMdhyA dIpa-dhUpa se pUjana karanA caahie| arihaMta bhagavAn ke dakSiNa bhAga meM dIpaka sthApita karanA cAhie aura arahaMta deva ke dakSiNa bhAga meM baiThakara dhyAna karanA caahie| puSpoM ke abhAva meM pIle akSata se pUjA kreN|
Page #205
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 29 prakAra kI jinarAja pUjA hai-19 snAna pUjA, vilepana pUjA, AbhUSaNa pUjA, puSpa pUjA, sugaMdha pUjA, dhUpa pUjA, pradIpa pUjA, phala pUjA, tandula pUjA, patra pUjA, puMgIphala pUjA, naivedya, jala, vasana, camara, chatra, vAditra pUjA, gIta pUjA, nRtya pUjA, svastika pUjA aura koSavRddhi pUjA jise jo priya ho use bhAvapUrvaka kreN| zAMtakArya meM zveta, jayakArya meM zyAma, kalyANakArya meM rakta, bhayakArya meM harita, dhanAdi ke lAbha meM pIta aura siddhi ke lie paMcavarNa ke vastra pahanakara usI varNa ke puSpAdi se pUjana kreN| yadyapi nirmAlya vastu kA grahaNa doSa kAraka hai tathApi gaMdhodaka ko grahaNa karanA zuddhi ke lie tathA AzikA ko grahaNa karanA saMtAna vRddhi ke lie mAnA jAtA hai| sugaMdhita caMdana kezara ko grahaNa karanA doSa kA bhAgI nahIM hai| pUjana karane kA phala-20 1. bhavya jIvoM ko chaha khaNDa pRthvI se suzobhita tathA ratna aura nidhiyoM se vibhUSita cakravartI kI vibhUti kI praapti| 2. tIrthakara pada kI praapti| 3. trikAla pUjA karane vAle ko samasta bhogoM ko bhogakara mokSa lakSmI kI praapti| 4. kalpavRkSa aura kAmadhenu ke samAna abhivAMchita padArthoM kI prApti ciMtAmaNi ratna ke samAna jinapUjA kA phala hai| 5. asahya roga tathA DAkinI, zAkinI, pizAca, duSTa, zatru, cora, kotavAla, rAjA Adi se utpanna hue samasta upadrava naSTa ho jAte haiN| 6. tInoM lokoM kI lakSmI svayaMvara karatI hai| 7. bhArI lAbha hotA hai| 8. samasta gArhasthika kArya nirvighnatA pUrvaka saMpanna ho jAte haiN| 9. jo maMdira jI meM chatra, camara Adi samarpaNa karate haiM unheM svarga kA sAmrAjya prApta hotA hai| 10. jo jinAlaya meM dharmopakaraNa dete haiM ve bhogopabhoga ke upakaraNa prApta karate haiN| 11. siddhAMta graMthoM ke prakAzana meM dravya dene vAloM kA jJAna evaM sukha saphala mAnA jAtA 12. jisa prakAra bahuta samaya se ikaTThe kiye hue samasta kASTha samUha ko agni kSaNa mAtra meM jalA detI hai usI prakAra pUjana se janma-janma ke saMcita pApakarma naSTa ho jAte haiN| 13. ekApi samartheyaM jinabhaktiM durgatiH nivaaryitum| puNyAni ca pUrayituM dAtuM muktizriyaM kRtinH||21 ___14. yadyapi jinendra bhagavAn ko apanI pUjA se kyA prayojana hai? kintu jo dharmatattva ke jAnakAra haiM ve jinendra bhagavAn ke caraNa yugala ko pUjate haiM unheM kevalajJAna rUpI sAmrAjya prApta hotA hai|
Page #206
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 15. manuSya ke uttama ATha phala kahe gaye haiM unameM devapUjA prathama hai| devapUjA dayA dAnaM, tIrthayAtrA jpstpH| zAstraM paropakAratvaM, mrtyjnmphlaassttkm|| saMdarbha 1. padmanaMdI paMcaviMzatikA, A. padmanaMdI, saMpA.-paM. javAharalAla zAstrI, zloka 403, pR.191 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, A. samaMtabhadra, saMpA.-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zloka 5, vIra sevA maMdira TrasTa, naI dillI, 1972 aSTapAhuDa-saMskRta TIkA, diga. jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIrajI, pR. 100 4. jaina kalA meM pratIka, le. pavanakumAra jaina, jainendra sAhitya sadana, lalitapura, 1983, pR. 51 5. svayaMbhUstotra, AcArya samaMtabhadra zloka 57 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, AcArya zivArya, saMpA.-kailAzacandra siddhAMtazAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, gAthA 45, pRSTha 85, 2006 7. vahI, gAthA 46, pRSTha 88 8. gahare pAnI paiTha, A. rajanIza, saMpA.- mahIpAla, prathama saMskaraNa 1971, mUrti pUjA, pR. 119-120 9. vahI, pRSTha 107 10. vahI, pRSTha 133 11. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga 1, saMpA, paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura 2001 gAthA 428, pR.171 12. vahI, gAthA 447, pRSTha 173 13. vahI, gAthA 448-449 pRSTha 173 14. vahI, gAthA 451-458, pRSTha 174 15. vahI, gAthA 495, pRSTha 180 16. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga 2 meM saMkalita 'dharma saMgraha zrAvakAcAra', saMpA. paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2001 SaSTha adhikAra, pRSTha 156, zloka 55 17. jaina pUjA kAvya-eka ciMtana, lekhaka- DaoN. dayAcaMda jaina sAhityAcArya sAgara, bhAratIya jJAnapITha 2003, pRSTha 86 18. vahI, zloka 73,77, 78 19. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga 3, zloka 136-138 20. vahI, praznottara zrAvakAcAra 20 vAM pariccheda, pR. 378, zloka 207-223 kA sAra saMkSepa 21. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga 2 meM dharmopadeza pIyUSa varSa zrAvakAcAra, paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2001 pRSTha 492, zloka 206 -javAhara vArDa, bInA, jilA-sAgara (ma.pra.)-470117
Page #207
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ apAmArga auSadhi -DaoN. caraNasiMha apAmArga ko ciraciTA, laTajIrA Adi nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| apAmArga to saMskRta kA zabda hai| ise baMgAlI meM ApAMga, paMjAbI meM maThakaMDA, marAThI meM adhAr3A, gujarAtI meM adher3a, karnATakI meM uttarane, cicirA, tailaMgI meM duccigike aura uttarapradeza ke kucha kSetroM meM auMgA aura laTajIrA kahate haiN| Ayurveda kI vanaspatiyoM ke guNa gaNa Adi kI dRSTi se dravya guNa vijJAna nAmaka graMtha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| inake anusAra yaha apAmArga zirovirecana, kRmighna, vamanopaga gaNa kA hai| isakA laiTina meM ekAirainthasa aisparA (Achyramthes aspra), saMskRta meM apAmArga kA doSoM kA mArjaka yA saMzodhaka artha hai| isake puSpa-phala zikhara tulya maJjarI meM hone se zikharI nAma hai| adhomukha kaMTaka hone se adhomukha nAma hai| mayUraka, kharamaJjarI-puSpa maJjarI khara hone se nAma hai| apAmArga ko malayAlama meM kaTalatI, asama meM alkuma, phArasI meM khAre bAjagUna, aMgrejI meM prikalI cApha phlAvara (Prickly chaff flower) kahate haiN| apAmArga kA svarUpaH ciraciTA eka bUTI hai| isakI kSupa 1-3 phuTa U~cA kANDa sarala yA zAkhAyukta hotI hai| isake patte aNDAkAra yA abhilaTavAkAra, laMbA 1-5 iMca lambe romaza hote haiN| puSpamaJjarI lagabhaga 1 phuTa lambI khara aura dRr3ha tathA agrabhAga para sthUla aura jhukI huI hotI hai jisameM adhomukha 1/6-1/4 iMca lambe puSpa lagate haiN| vRntapatraka laTavAkara, gulAbI raMga ke kAMTedAra prAyaH kAMTe se Adhe yA barAbara lambe hote haiN| phalIya paripuSpa 1.8-2 iMca lambA, haritavarNa gulAbI Aksasa lie vRntapatrakoM ke sAtha pRthak ho jAtA hai, kevala mur3A huA koNa puSpaka raha jAtA hai| paripuSpa ke dala bhAlAkAra, bAharI vizeSa tIkSNAgra hote haiN| puMkezara pAMca hote haiN| kaNTakIya vRntapatrakoM tathA tIkSNAgra paripuSpa ke kAraNa phala kapar3oM meM cipaka jAte haiM aura hAtha meM bhI gar3a jAte haiN| pake phaloM ke bhItara se cAvala ke samAna dAne nikalate haiM jinheM 'apAmArga taNDula' kahA gayA hai| zItakAla meM puSpa aura phala lagate haiM tathA grISmakAla meM phala pakakara gira jAte haiN| jAti- Ayurveda ke nighaNTuoM meM apAmArga ko do prakAra kA kahA gayA hai (1) zveta apAmArga (2) rakta apaamaarg| rakta apAmArga kA kANDa aura zAkhAeM raktAbha hotI haiN| patroM para bhI lAla-lAla dAga hote haiN| utpattisthAna- yaha samasta bhArata ke zuSka pradezoM meM svayaM hotA hai| rAsAyanika saMghaTana- isakI rAkha meM vizeSataH poTAza hotA hai| guNa- apAmArga laghu, rUkSa tathA tIkSNa guNavAlA hai|
Page #208
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 rasa- apAmArga kA rasa kaTu tathA tikta hotA hai| vipAka - pakAne para apAmArga kA svAda kaTu hotA hai| vIrya yaha uSNavIrya auSadhi hai| doSakarma - apAmArga kapha-vAta zAmaka tathA kapha-pitta saMzodhaka hai| saMsthAnika karma bAhya zodhahara (sUjana ko dUra karane vAlA) vedanA sthApana (dardanAzaka) lekhana, viSaghna, tvagdoSahara aura vraNazodhana hai| yaha zirovirecana bhI hai| Abhyantara- pAcana saMsthAna- yaha rocana, dIpana, pAcana, pittasAraka aura kRmighna hai| isake bIja durjara (kaThinAI se pacane vAle) hote haiN| raktavaha saMsthAna- apAmArga hRdaya, raktazodhaka, raktavarddhaka aura zothahara hai| zvasana saMsthAna- yaha kapha niHsAraka hai| mUtravahasaMsthAna - yaha apAmArga mUtrala azmarInAzana (patharI) aura mUtrAmlatA nAzaka hai| tvacA yaha svedajanana, kuSThaghna aura kaNDughna hai| sAtmIkaraNa - yaha kaTu pauSTika aura viSaghna hai| utsarga - isakA kSAra tvacA, phuphphusa, amAzaya, yakRta aura pitta ke dvArA bAhara nikalatA hai| prayoga: doSa prayoga - yaha kapha - vAta rogoM meM prayukta hotA hai| kapha rogoM meM saMzodhanArtha isake taNDula kA nasya dete haiM aura paittika rogoM meM isakA svarasa pilAte haiN| saMsthAnika prayoga bAhya zothavedanAyukta vikAroM meM isakA lepa karate haiN| netrarogoM meM vizeSataH atraNa zukla (phUlI) meM isakI jar3a madhu meM ghisakara ajjana lagAte haiN| vraNoM (ghAva) meM isakA svarasa lagAte haiN| vRzcika (bicchU) aura sarpa ke daMza sthAna para isakA lepa karate haiN| karNazUla meM isake kSAra se siddha tela DAlate haiN| nasya ke lie isake taNDula ke cUrNa kA prayoga hotA hai| pAmA Adi carmarogoM meM isa apAmArga kI jar3a ghisakara lagA haiN| - Abhyantara:- pAcana saMsthAna- yaha apAmArga aruci, chardi, agnimAMdya, zUla, udararoga, AdhmAna, arza, pittAzAmarI (pitta kI patharI) tathA kRmirogoM meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| isake bIjoM kI khIra banAkara bhasmaka roga meM dete haiN| raktavaha saMsthAna:- hRdaya roga, raktavikAra, pANDu gaNDamAlA, AmavAta aura zodha roga meM upayogI hai| yaha apAmArga raktAmlatA meM bhI prayukta hotA hai| zvasana saMsthAna:- kAsa aura zvAMsa meM isakA kSAra kapha nikAlane ke lie prayukta hotA hai| mUtravaha saMsthAna vastizotha, vRkkazotha, azmarI Adi rogoM meM lAbhakArI hai| tvacA:- kuSTha, carmaroga varNavikAra Adi meM prayoga karate haiN| sAtmIkaraNa:- sAmAnya daurbalya meM isakA sevana karAte haiN| sarpaviSa meM isakA mUla kAlImirca ke sAtha pIsakara pilAte haiN|
Page #209
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 prayojya aMga:- mUla, taNDula, patra, pnycaaNg| mAtrA- svarasa 10-20 mi.lI., kSAra- 1/2-2 graam| dehAtI cikitsaka nAmaka graMtha meM apAmArga ke viSaya meM likhA hai ki ciraciTA bUTI sAMpa aura bicchU ke jahara kA utAra hai arthAt sAMpa tathA bicchU ke viSa ko yaha ciraciTA auSadhi dUra kara detI hai| isakI jar3a ko pAnI meM pIsakara pilAne aura kATe hue sthAna para lagAne se sAMpa tathA bicchU kA viSa utara jAtA hai| kutte ke kATane para bhI yaha auSadhi dete haiN| kutte ke kATane para ciraciTA kI pattiyoM ko gur3a ke sAtha pIsakara dete haiM usa kAla meM pIlI vastu haldI Adi padArtha sevana niSiddha mAnA gayA hai| viSa parIkSaNa- kutte ke yA anya kisI jAnavara ke kATane para yadi saMzaya ho to usake parIkSaNa ke lie kAMse kI thAlI ko pITha para lagAyeM yadi viSa hogA to thAlI pITha para cumbaka kI bhA~ti cipaka jAtI hai| yadi kama hogA to kama cipakegI nahIM hogA to nahIM cipkegii| kucha sAdhu santa loga isa apAmArga ko zvAMsa roga meM bhI prayukta karate haiN| damA roga meM bhI yaha auSadhi ArAma detI hai| bavAsIra roga meM yaha auSadhi atyanta lAbhakArI hai| isake sAta patte, sAta kAlI mirca ke dAnoM ke sAtha pIsakara chAnakara pilAne se bavAsIra kA khUna ruka jAtA hai aura pattoM ko kucalakara isakI TikiyA banAkara kucha halkI garma bAMdhane se masse murajhAkara gira jAte yaha apAmArga auSadhi varmoM ko ghulAtI hai| isake pattoM para tela lagAkara garma karake candavAra bAMdhane se hara prakAra ke phor3e phunsI ThIka ho jAte haiN| kSAra- isa apAmArga ko jalAkara kSAra taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai jo apAmArga kSAra kahA jAtA hai| yaha kSAra bhojana ko zIghra pacAtA hai| bhUkha lagAtA hai aura zarIra se atirikta apAna vAyu ko bAhara nikAlatA hai| isake prayoga se chAtI kA kapha (balagama) nikala jAtA hai| yaha khAMsI, damA, peTa kA darda, bar3e hue yakRta (livara) aura tillI ko ThIka karatA hai| pIliyA roga meM adhikAMza grAmINa jana apAmArga kI mAlA ko dhAraNa karate haiN| yaha mAlA apAmArga kI TahanI ko choTA-choTA kATakara rezama ke dhAge meM gardana meM phaMsAkara bAMdhate haiM aura jaise-jaise pIliyA roga ThIka hotA jAyegA vaise-vaise yaha mAlA bar3hatI jAtI apAmArga kA kSAra jalodara roga meM bahuta upayogI hai| isa kSAra ko Adhe mAze se eka mAze kI mAtrA taka U~TanI ke dUdha ke sAtha diyA jAtA hai| AdhA zIzI roga meM isake rasa ko kAna meM DAlate haiN| isase 15-20 varSa purAnA sira kA darda gAyaba ho jAtA hai| yaha auSadhi prAtaH sUryodaya ke pahale adhika prabhAvazAlI rahatI hai| eka sAMpa-bicchU vAle baMgAlI ne batAyA ki apAmArga kI jar3a ko hAtha meM pakar3ane se bicchU DaMka nahIM maartaa| kabhI-kabhI kapha ke sAtha rakta A jAtA hai to apAmArga ke sAta patte pIsakara pilAne se rakta bahanA banda ho jAtA hai| lAla peciza meM apAmArga sarvottama cikitsA hai| phUDa
Page #210
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 18 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 paoNijaniMga meM apAmArga kI pattiyoM kA rasa pilAne se turanta ArAma milatA hai| atharvaveda meM lagabhaga 76 auSadhiyoM kA nAma AyA hai| isI veda meM apAmArga nAmaka do sUkta haiN| isameM apAmArga ke guNa, bala aura rogAnusAra sevana ke viSaya meM varNana prApta hotA apAmArga bheSajoM kI IzAnaH- yaha apAmArga auSadhiyoM kA IzAna Izvara hai| yaha rogoM ko dagdha karane vAlI tathA saba pApoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai| prabhu ne isa auSadhi ko aparicita sAmarthyayukta banAyA hai|' atharvaveda ke dUsare maMtra meM apAmArga ke viSaya meM likhA hI hai ki yaha auSadhi sacamuca rogoM ko jItane vAlI, pIr3Ajanita AkrozoM ko dUra karane vAlI, rogoM ko abhibhUta karane vAlI, aneka vyAdhiyoM ko nivRtti ke lie phira-phira maloM kA ni:sAraNa karane vAlI isa apAmArga auSadhi ko maiM pukAratA huuN| Ayurveda meM auSadhiyoM kA prayoga karane se pUrva AhvAna karanA Avazyaka hai binA nimaMtraNa ke auSadhiyA~ apanA prabhAva pUrNarUpa se nahIM dikhAtI haiN| roga vRddhi kI samAptiH - kaI rogoM meM rogI UTapaTAMga bolane lagatA hai, use cittabhrama sA ho jAtA hai| kaIyoM meM mUrchA kI sthiti ho jAtI hai| kaI rogoM meM khUna sUkhane lagatA hai| apAmArga ina saba rogoM ko rokatI hai| baccoM ko sUkhA roga ho jAtA hai roga kRmi bAlaka ke aparipakva zarIra meM rogoM ko utpanna kara dete haiN| ye kRmi rudhira yA mAMsa meM praviSTa hokara vikAra kA kAraNa banate haiN| mahauSadhi apAmArga ina roga kRmiyoM ko samUla naSTa karatA hai|' apAmArga ke prayoga se hama pUrNa svastha banate haiN| bure svapna nahIM Ate haiN| jIvana roga zUnya hokara kaSTamaya nahIM rahatA, bhayajanaka rogakRmiyoM kA vinAza hotA hai, zarIra alakSmIka (azobhita) nahIM rahatA, bavAsIra Adi azubha roga dUra ho jAte haiN| roga se AkrAnta hokara hama azubha vANiyA~ nahIM bolte|' apAmArga auSadhi ke sevana se bhUkha-pyAsa ke abhAvajanaka roga ko, indriya zaithilya aura napuMsakatA ko apAmArga ke prayoga se vinaSTa karate haiN|" yaha apAmArga auSadhi saba auSadhiyoM ke guNoM se saMpanna hai| isake prayoga se zarIra meM kahIM bhI sthita roga ko hama dUra karate haiN| yaha rugNa puruSa nIroga hokara vicaraNa kreN| kSetriya roga nirAkaraNa:- apAmArga auSadhi janmajAta rogoM ke naSTa karane kI zakti vAlI hai| yaha auSadhi mAtA-pitA ke zarIra se Agata saMkrAmaka kSaya, kuSTha, apasmAra Adi rogoM ko dUra karatI hai| jo roga pIr3A ko utpanna karane vAle haiM unheM bhI nizcaya se dUra karane kI sAmarthya vAlI hai tathA ye auSadhi kAntihIna zarIra ko kAntivAlI banAne kI sAmarthya rakhatI hai| apAmArga auSadhi raktazodhaka aura raktavardhaka hone se kAntihIna ko kAntivAna banAne meM samartha hai| atharvaveda kA agalA maMtra punaH zarIra ko roga rahita va tejasvI banAne kI vidhi meM apAmArga auSadhi kA prayoga karane kA AzIrvAda detA hai| maMtra meM kahA gayA hai ki he
Page #211
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 19 apAmArga! hama tere yathAyoga ke dvArA (yAtudhAnAn) pIr3AoM kA ahita karane vAle kaSToM (rogoM) ko dUra karake tathA saba alakSmiyoM ko zodhakara usa saba avAMchanIya rogamAtra ko dUra kara dete haiN| apAmArga auSadhi ko aneka rogoM meM diyA jA sakatA hai| jaise zvAMsa roga, phephar3e meM jame hue kapha roga meM, zarIra ke andara jakhma (ghAvoM) meM, bAharI ghAvoM meM, peTa meM jalana, esiDa, pIliyA roga, yakRtaroga Adi meM isake vizeSa prabhAva haiN| isake alAvA phUDa pAyajaniMga meM yaha auSadhi zIghra prabhAva vAlI hai| kiDanI roga vedanA meM bhI yaha apAmArga zIghra prabhAvavAlI pratIta hotI hai| AdhA zIzI (Adhe ziradarda) meM jahA~ kisI davA kA prabhAva na ho vahA~ apAmArga auSadhi ke pattoM kA svarasa kAna meM DAlane mAtra se AdhA zIzI roga kI samApti ho jAtI hai| jvara meM bhI apAmArga kI pattiyoM ke rasa kA prayoga lAbhakArI siddha huA hai| dAMta ke rogoM meM apAmArga kI TahanI se dAtUna karane se pAyariyA jaise roga ko bhI naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| ____ apAmArga ke bIjoM kI khIra banAkara khAne se kaI dina bhUkha se vizrAma pAyA jA sakatA hai| isalie apAmArga guNoM kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| hama isakA sAvadhAnI se sevana kara lAbha uThAyeM aura jIvana sukhamaya va nIroga bnaayeN| apamRjya yAtudhAnAmayasarvA araarsH| apAmArga tvayA vayaM sarva tadatha mRjyhe|| atharvaveda 4-18/8 saMdarbhaH 1. IzAnAM tvA bheSajAnAmuLSa A rbhaamhe| cakre sahasravIrya sarvasyA auSadhe tvaa||athrvved 4-17-1 satyAjitaM zapathayAvanI sahamAnAM punaH sraam| sarvAH samahvayoSadhIrato naH paaryaaditi|| atharvaveda 4-17-2 yAzazApa zapanena yAcaM mUramA ddhe| yA rasasya haraNAya jAtamAreme lokamattu saa| atharvaveda 4-17-3 4. yAM te cakrarAme pAtre yAM cakrunIla lohite| Ame mAMse kRtyAM yAM cakrustayA kRtyAkRto jhi| atharvaveda 4-17-4 5. dausvapnAM daurjIvityaM rakSo abhva mraayyH| durNAmniI: sarvA durvAcastA asmnnaashyaamsi|| 4-17-5 kSudhAmAraM tRssnnaamaarmgotaamnptytaam| apAmArga tvayA vayaM sarvaM tadapa mRjmhe|| 4-17-6 athrvved| apAmArga oSadhInAM sarvAsAmeka idRshii| tena te mRjma Asthitamatha tvmgdshcr|| 4-17-8 athrvved| 8. apAmArgo'yaM mASTuM kSetriyaM zapathazca yaH apAha yAtudhAnIya sarvA araayyH| atharvaveda 4-8/7 - prAdhyApaka nivAsa, esa. DI. kAleja parisara mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)
Page #212
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattvasAra (tattvadezanA) ke pariprekSya meM heya aura upAdeya -DaoN. jayakumAra jaina tattvasAra dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya devasena kI 74 gAthAoM meM nibaddha eka AdhyAtmika kRti hai, jisa para suprasiddha adhyAtmavettA AcArya vizuddhasAgara mahArAja ne 2004 I. meM vidizA (ma.pra.) meM grISmakAlIna pravacana diye the| unhIM kA saMpAdita rUpa tattvasAra (tattvadezanA) ke rUpa meM prakAzita hai| prastuta Alekha meM tattvadezanA meM AcArya vizuddhasAgara jI mahArAja dvArA kI gaI heya evaM upAdeya kI dezanA kI sAvadhAna samIkSA kI gaI hai| heya zabda hA dhAtu se yat pratyaya se tathA upAdeya zabda upa+A upasarga pUrvaka dA dhAtu se yat pratyaya se niSpanna zabda haiM, jinakA artha kramazaH tyAjya aura grAhya yA karaNIya aura akaraNIya hai| kSatracUr3AmaNi meM zrI vAdIbhasiMhasUri ne kahA hai 'heyopAdeyavijJAnaM no cedvyarthaH zramaH shrutau| kiM briihikhnnddnaayaasaistnnddulaanaamsNbhve|| arthAt heya-upAdeya yA kartavya-akartavya kA viveka yadi nahIM hai to zAstra meM parizrama karanA nirarthaka hai| cAvaloM ke na hone para dhAnya ke kUTane ke parizrama se kyA prayojana hai? ve Age punaH heyopAdeyaviveka kI mahattA batAte hue kahate haiM tattvajJAnaM ca moghaM syaattdviruddhprvrtinaam| pANau kRtena dIpena kiM kUpe patatAM phlm|| arthAt usa heya aura upAdeya ke viveka se viparIta vyavahAra karane vAloM kA tattvajJAna bhI niSphala ho jAtA hai| hAtha meM lie hue dIpaka ke sAtha kuA~ meM girane vAloM kA kyA phala hai? suspaSTa hai ki zAstra-svAdhyAya kA phala heya-upAdeya kA viveka hai| AcArya vizuddha sAgara mahArAja kI tattvadezanA meM prasaMgataH anekatra isa saMdarbha meM carcA kI gaI hai| 1. jinavANI zravaNa upAdeya tattvasAra ke maMgalAcaraNa ke vyAkhyAna ke prasaMga meM hI heya-upAdeya kI ora saMketa kara AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki tattvazravaNa samajha meM na Ane para bhI upAdeya hai| ve likhate haiM 'bho jJAnI! jinadezanA bhavya jIvoM ke lie naraka meM bhI dezanAlabdhi kA kAraNa banatI hai| ataH jaba jinavANI kA ghoSa hotA hai taba kalyANecchukoM ko pUrNa zAnta hokara zravaNa karanA caahie| kabhI-kabhI prArabdha avasthA meM tattva samajha meM nahIM AtA, phira bhI hameM zravaNa karate jAnA caahie|"
Page #213
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 __ AcAryazrI sarvArthasiddhi se miTTI ke navIna sakore meM pAnI kI eka bUMda DAlane para dikhAI na dene kA udAharaNa prastuta karate hue kahate haiM 'jaba hama prArabdha avasthA meM tattvajJAna ko sunate haiM, taba kucha mAlUma nahIM par3atA hai parantu jaise-jaise adhyayana bar3hatA jAtA hai ki vaha jJAna vidvAn ke rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI siddhAMta kahatA hai ki jinavANI ke zravaNa mAtra se asaMkhyAta guNazreNI karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai| Aja samAja meM ghara meM apratiSThita pratimA rakhakara tathA tIrthakara yA muni kI phoTo lagAkara usakI pUjA karane kI pravRtti bar3hatI jA rahI hai| sthApanA maMgala ke vyAkhyAna ke avasara para AcAryazrI ne isa pravRtti ko upAdeya nahIM mAnakara spaSTatayA unheM pUjane yogya svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| ve spaSTatayA kahate haiM___'jainazAsana meM rajatamaya, svarNamaya, ratnamaya, pASANamaya, aSTadhAtu, maNi Adi nirmita jinabimba pUjyatA ko prApta haiN| anya kAgaja, plAsTika athavA kemikala se banAI gaI pratimA ko pratiSThA zAstra meM pUjanIya svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki AcArya, muniyoM va bhagavAn kI jo phoTo tathA tasvIreM gharoM va maMdiroM meM lagI huI haiM, ve pratIka mAtra haiN| ve Adara/sammAna ke yogya to haiM parantu aSTa dravya dvArA unakI pUjA nahIM karanA caahie| ve pUjane yogya nahIM haiN|' AcAryazrI jinavANI ke jAnane kI apekSA use mAnane ko adhika upAdeya svIkAra karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki 'graMtharAja samayasArajI meM AcArya kundakundadeva ne likhA hai ki saMpUrNa Agama ko kaNThastha kara lo, gholakara pI jAo parantu jaba taka tumhAre viSaya nahIM ghuleMge taba taka kalyANa hone vAlA nahIM hai| pravacanasArajI kI caraNAnuyoga cUlikA meM bhagavAn kundakunda ne bahuta hI gaharA kathana kiyA hai- jinavANI ko nahIM jAnane vAloM kA kalyANa ho jAyegA para jinavANI ko nahIM mAnane vAloM kA kabhI kalyANa nahIM hogaa| isalie vItarAgI vANI ko tuma jAno bhI, mAno bhI aura tadanusAra pariNamana bhI kro|" 2. nija AtmA parama upAdeya, paMca parameSThI bhI upAdeya, deha heya tattva ke mukhya do bheda haiM- svagata aura prgt| nija AtmA se atyanta bhinna hone ke kAraNa paMca parameSThI ko bhI paragata tattva kahA gayA hai| AcAryazrI kahate haiM "ve hamAre ArAdhya haiM, para sAdhya to ekamAtra nija paramAtma bhAva hI hai| usa parama sAdhya Atmadeva kI siddhi kA sAdhana paMca parameSThI kI ArAdhanA hai parantu sAdhyabhUta to mAtra nija AtmA hI hai|" _ 'yathArtha meM nizcaya dRSTi se nija zuddhAtmA hI hamArA parama dhyeya hai, vyavahAra dRSTi se paMca parameSThI dhyeya haiN| zeSa padArtha heya haiM, jJeya haiN| parama zuddha nizcaya naya se nija AtmA hI dhyeya hai, upAdeya hai| graMtharAja vArasANuvekkhA meM bhI kundakundAcAryajI ne likhA hai aruhA siddhAiriyA uvajhAyA sAhu pNcprmetttthii| tevihu ciTThadi Ade tamhA AdA hu me saraNaM
Page #214
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ye pA~coM parameSThI AtmA meM hI virAje haiM, isalie AtmA hI merA parama dhyAna hai, AtmA hI parama dhyeya hai, AtmA hI parama upAdeya jo nizcaya dhyeya hai, vahI merA AtmA hai aura nizcaya dhyeya kI pUrti taba hogI jaba tuma heya rUpa deha ko chor3a doge|'10 3. vibhUti ke lie tantra-mantra kA prayoga heya vibhUti ko sarvasva mAnane vAle ko bheda vijJAna kaise ho sakatA hai? Aja laukika prayojanoM ke lie zrAvaka to zrAvaka zramaNa bhI taMtra-maMtra, gaMDA, tAbIja, rakSAsUtra, mAlA, maMtrita nAriyala Adi kA dhar3alle se prayoga kara rahe haiN| sAdhuoM dvArA taMtra-maMtra kA laukika kAryoM ke lie prayoga avicAritaramya ho sakatA hai| isa viSaya meM AcAryazrI likhate haiM 'jo vibhUti ke lie tantra-mantra ke pIche daur3a rahe haiM, unheM na to apane puNya para vizvAsa hai aura na jinavANI pr| camatkAra meM luTa rahe ho, para Atma-camatkAra ko kho rahe ho| yadi saMsAra ke devI-devatA kucha dete hote to ve svayaM apanI Ayu ko kyoM nahIM bar3hA lete| dhyAna rakhanA ajJAnI camatkAroM meM ghUmatA hai, jJAnI cetana camatkAra meM ramaNa karatA hai|" 'dizAbodha' akTUbara 2007 meM zrI sureza 'sarala' kI isa viSaya meM prakAzita kucha paMktiyA~ samAja ke dizAbodha ke lie uddhRta karanA jarUrI samajhatA hU~, tAki AcAryazrI kI bhAvanA aura spaSTa ho ske| ve likhate haiM 'kisI jaina sAdhu ko tantra-mantra kI senA ke sAtha dekheM to vizvAsa kara leM ki unheM jainAgama kA Thosa jJAna nahIM hai| phalataH bhaTakana kI caryA meM jI rahe haiN| unake pAsa do-do, cAra-cAra zrAvakoM ke samUha jAveM aura karma siddhAMta kA adhyayana karane ko mnaaveN| jo mAna jAveM, unameM parivartana kI pratIkSA kareM aura jo na mAneM to unheM dharma kI dukAna calAne vAlA vyApArI maaneN| aisA vyApArI jise apane lAbha aura yaza kI ciMtA hai, parantu samAja aura dharma kI nhiiN| 4. anya zrAvakoM ko vighnakAraka bhakti bhI upAdeya nahIM prAyaH dekhA jAtA hai ki aneka zrAvaka maMdira meM praveza karate hI apane madhura kaNTha se itane jora-jora se bhakti karanA prAraMbha kara dete haiM ki pahale se zAMta svara meM bhakti kara rahe zrAvakoM kA dhyAna anAyAsa hI bhakti se vicalita ho jAtA hai tathA unakA dhyAna navapraviSTa bhakta kI ora calA jAtA hai| unake lie AcAryazrI kahate haiM___ 'bhakti to karanA para viveka ke sAtha karanA tAki anya zrAvakoM ko antarAya nahIM pdd'e| hama kabhI-kabhI bhakti karate samaya viveka kho dete haiM ki hamane to niyama liyA hai ki bhagavAn kI vedI ke sAmane khar3e hokara hI jApa kreNge| lekina usake bAda Apane socA ki kitane loga mana masosa karake ApakI pITha kI hI vaMdanA kara cale jAte haiN| kAza, maiM bhagavAn ke cehare ko dekha letaa| yahA~ Apane darzanAvaraNI karma kA bandha kara liyaa| jinavANI meM likhA hai ki eka vyakti pATha kara rahA hai aura Apane itane jora se AvAja
Page #215
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 kara dI ki pAThI kI AvAja daba gaI, yaha asamAdhi kA kAraNa hai| 5. mukti puruSArtha parama upAdeya kintu puruSArthatraya meM dharma puruSArtha upAdeya tattvasAra meM AcArya devasena ne kahA hai ki deha ke roga, sar3ana, patana, jarA aura maraNa ko dekhakara jo bhavya AtmA ko dhyAtA hai, vaha pAMca prakAra ke zarIroM se mukta ho jAtA hai| isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki zarIra ke prati mamatva rUpa bahirAtmapanA heya hai aura zarIroM se mukti rUpa mokSa puruSArtha parama upAdeya hai| kintu jaba hamAre samakSa dharma, artha evaM kAma puruSArtha kI upasthiti ho, taba usa dazA meM dharma puruSArtha hI upAdeya hai| bharata cakravartI kA udAharaNa dete hue AcAryazrI likhate haiM_ 'dekho saMsAra kI dazA, eka sAtha tIna cIjeM prApta huI- cakraratna prakaTa huA, putraratna prApta huA aura tIrthakara ko kaivalya kI prApti huI eka samaya meN| senApati saMdeza lekara pahuMca gayA ki AyudhazAlA meM cakraratna prakaTa huA hai| rAjaprAsAda se dAsiyoM kI bhIr3a Akara kahane lagI ki mahArAnI ko putraratna kI prApti huI hai aura vanapAla ne Akara saMdeza diyA- he cakreza! prathama tIrthakara bhagavAn AdinAtha svAmI ko kailAsa parvata para kaivalya kI prApti huii| yaha thA puNya kA veg| jJAnI jIva yahA~ viveka lagAtA hai ki pahale kauna se puruSArtha ke phala ko bhogA jaaye| eka kSaNa ko stabdha ho gayA cakravartI bhrtesh| phira bolA jisakI prApti ke lie munijana bhI parizrama karate haiM, aise dharma puruSArtha ke phala kI prApti huI hai| ataH tIrthakara ke kaivalya kI pUjA pahale honA caahie|"15 6. Asrava heya, saMvara-nirjarA-mokSa upodaya parama upAdeya mokSa kI upalabdhi rAgadveSa kI hAni tathA jJAna evaM vairAgya kI bhAvanA pUrvaka kiye gaye tapa se hotI hai kyoMki saMvarasahita tapa hI mokSasApekSa nirjarA kA kAraNa banatA hai| AcAryazrI tattvasAra kI 51vIM gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki _ 'bho jJAnI! karma ke phala ko bhogate samaya na rAga karo na dveSa kro| jo karma ke vipAka meM rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA, vaha pUrvasaMcita karma kA vinAza kara detA hai evaM naye karma kA bandha nahIM krtaa| yadi rAgadveSa karate rahoge to kabhI mokSa nahIM hogA kyoMki pUrva karma naSTa to huye, parantu navIna karma kA baMdha ho gyaa| jo mumukSa jIva hotA hai, vaha pUrva ke karma ko to nAza karatA hai aura vartamAna meM kibAr3a banda kara letA hai| isI kA nAma saMvara hai| saMvara sahita nirjarA mokSamArga meM prayojanabhUta hai aura saMvara se rahita nirjarA mokSamArga meM kAryakArI nahIM hai| saMvara evaM nirjarA kI prApti binA tapasyA ke saMbhava nahIM hai| AcArya bhagavAn umAsvAmI mahArAja ne tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai- 'tapasA nirjarA c'| tapa se nirjarA bhI hotI hai aura saMvara bhI hotA hai| isalie he manISiyo! saMvara kI ora bar3ho, nirjarA kI ora bar3ho, Asrava ko chodd'o| Asrava heya tattva hai, saMvara-nirjarA evaM mokSa upAdeya tattva haiN|| 7. dayA dharma bhI dharma kA mUla hone se upAdeya tattvasAra kI 72vIM gAthA ke vyAkhyAna meM siddhoM kI vivecanA ke saMdarbha meM AcAryazrI likhate haiM kabhI-kabhI aisA hotA hai ki loga bhagavAn kI khoja to karane lagate haiM, kintu
Page #216
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 iMsAna kI khoja nahIM krte| yadi iMsAna kI khoja kI gaI to bhagavAn to apane Apa bana jaaoge| isa prasaMga meM AcAryazrI ne eka manorama dRSTAnta diyA hai ki eka caubIsI jinAlaya meM baila se lekara siMha taka sabhI tIrthakaroM ke cihna vAle jAnavara ikaTThe hokara pratimAoM ke sAmane baiTha gye| unheM dekhakara eka bur3hiyA mUrchA khAkara gira gii| usa mUrcchita bur3hiyA ko dekhakara karma siddhAnta ke jJAtA, adhyAtmavettA dharmAtmA puruSa apane-apane adhIta jJAna kI bAteM kahakara cale gaye parantu usa bur3hiyA para kisI ko bhI dayA nahIM aaii| AcAryazrI kahate haiM ki_ 'sabane karmasiddhAMta aura AtmA ke upadeza diye parantu 'dharmasya mUlaM dayA' kI carcA kisI ne nahIM kii| vaha manuSya hI nahIM hai jisake andara karuNA/ dayA kI bhAvanA nahIM ho| manuSya vahI hai jisake andara prema, vAtsalya, dayA, ekatva dRSTi chipI hai| jaba taka ekatva dRSTi nahIM banegI, eka siddha meM aneka siddha banakara kaise viraajeNge|18 __'jaba taka svatattva kI prApti nahIM hotI hai, taba taka paragata tattva ko bhUla mata jaanaa|19 isa prakAra AcAryazrI vizuddhasAgara mahArAja ne tattvadezanA meM heya-upAdeya kI dezanA kI hai| nizcaya hI unakI yaha dezanA zAstrasamudra ko gAgara meM bharane jaisA duSkara kArya hai| isa dezanA se bhavyoM kA ananta upakAra ho sakegA- yaha asaMdigdha rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai| saMdarbhaH 1. kSatracUDAmaNi, lamba 2, zloka 44 3. tattvasAra tattvadezanA pRSTha / 5. vahI, pRSTha 3 7. vahI, pRSTha 8 9. tattvasAra tattvadezanA pRSTha 35 11. vahI, pRSTha 65 13. tattvasAra tattvadezanA, pRSTha 68 15. tattvasAra tattvadezanA pRSTha 127 17. vahI, pRSTha 161 19. vahI, pRSTha 165 2. vahI, 45 4. vahI, pRSTha 1 6. vahI, pRSTha 130 8. vahI, vArasANuvekkhA, gAthA 12 10. vahI, pRSTha 37 12. dizAbodha, akTUbara 2007 pRSTha 22-23 14. tattvasAra gAthA 49 16. vahI, pRSTha 126 18. vahI, pRSTha 163 - adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, esa.DI. (pI.jI.) kaoNleja mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.)
Page #217
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA meM jIva-tattva-siddhi -DaoN. basanta lAla jaina tattva kA artha tattva kA artha hai 'sArabhUta pdaarth'| 'tat' zabda se 'tattva' zabda banA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM tat zabda sarvanAma hai| sarvanAma zabda sAmAnya artha ke vAcaka hote haiN| tat zabda se bhAva artha meM 'tva' pratyaya lagAkara 'tattva' zabda banA huA hai| tat kA artha hai 'vaha' aura 'tva' kA artha hai- bhAva yA pnaa| arthAt vastu kA bhAva yA panA hI tattva hai| tasya bhAvaH tattvam' arthAt vastu ke svarUpa ko tattva kahA jAtA hai| jaise- agni kA agnitva, svarNa kA svarNatva, manuSya kA manuSyatva aadi| 'tattva' zabda bahuta vyApaka hai| yaha apanI samasta jAti meM anugata rahatA hai| jaise-svarNatva samasta svarNa jAti meM vyApta hai| vaha eka hai, bhale hI svarNa alaga-alaga hai| usI prakAra sabhI jIvoM kA jIvatva eka hai bhale hI jIva aneka AtmavAdI darzana meM Atma siddhi bhAratIya darzana meM AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karane vAle darzana ko AtmavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai aura Atma-astitva ko svIkAra na karane vAle darzana ko anAtmavAdI darzana mAnA jAtA hai| cArvAka aura bauddhadarzana anAtmavAdI darzana mAne jAte haiM kyoMki ina darzanoM meM AtmA nAmaka tattva ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jo pUrva aura uttara janma meM sthAyI rUpa se rahatA hai| zeSa darzana punarjanma rUpa meM Atmatattva ko svIkAra karate haiM, isalie nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, mImAMsA, advaitavedAMta aura jainadarzana ko AtmavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai| (ka) gautama RSi ne nyAya sUtra meM anumAna pramANa aura zAstrIya AdhAra para AtmA kA astitva siddha kiyA hai tathA kaNAda RSi ne vaizeSika sUtra meM AtmA ke astitva ko anumAna pramANa dvArA siddha kiyA hai| prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, indriyAntara vikAra, sukha-du:kha, icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa Adi ko AtmA ke liMga kahakara inhIM se AtmAstitva siddha kiyA hai| isI prakAra nyAya sUtrakAra ne bhI icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha-du:kha, vinirNayAtmaka jJAna hetuoM ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA ko anumAna dvArA siddha kiyA hai| nyAyadarzana meM mAnasapratyakSa ke dvArA bhI AtmA kI sattA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai lekina vaizeSikadarzana meM kaNAda aura prazastapAda AtmA ko mAnasa pratyakSa nahIM mAnate haiN|' (kha) sAMkhyadarzana meM Atmasiddhi 1. sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra samudAya rUpa jar3a padArtha dUsaroM ke lie hote haiM svayaM ke lie nhiiN| pragati aura usake samasta kArya saMghAta rUpa hone se jisake lie hai vahI puruSa hai|
Page #218
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 2. triguNAdi viparyayAd arthAt tInoM guNoM se bhinna hone se puruSa kI sattA kA anumAna hotA hai| saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha sattva, raja aura tama rUpa haiN| ata: ina guNoM se bhinna jisakI sattA hai, vahI puruSa-AtmA hai| 3. saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA koI na koI adhiSThAtA hotA hai| ataH buddhi ahaMkArAdi kA jo adhiSThAtA hai, vahI puruSa hai| __4. sukha-duHkha kA jo bhoktA hai vahI puruSa hai| yahA~ bhoktA kA artha draSTA kiyA gayA hai| buddhi Adi padArtha dRzya haiN| ata: inakA draSTA honA anivArya hai| isa anumAna se siddha hai ki dRzya padArthoM kA jo draSTA hai, vahI puruSa hai| 5. jIvana kA aMtima evaM parama lakSya mokSa prApti ke lie manuSya prayatna karatA hai, yaha usakI pravRtti hotI hai| isa prakAra kI pravRtti se siddha hotA hai ki prakRti Adi se bhinna puruSa kA astitva hai| (ga) mImAMsAdarzana meM Atmasiddhi___mImAMsA sUtra meM Atmasiddhi ke pramANa prApta nahIM hote haiM lekina jaiminI ke bAda prabhAkara aura kumArila bhaTTa Adi dArzanikoM ne nyAya-vaizeSika aura sAMkhyoM kI taraha hI yuktiyAM dI haiN| zabara svAmI ne mAnasa pratyakSa ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha kI hai|' yajJa vihita phala ke bhoktA ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva siddha kiyA hai kyoMki karmoM kA phala avazya milatA hai| ataH karma karane vAlA aura bhogane vAlA zarIrAdi se bhinna AtmA nAmaka tattva avazya hai| (gha) advaita vedAntadarzana meM Atmasiddhi advaita vedAntadarzana ke anusAra AtmA kI sattA svayaMsiddha hai| anubhava karane vAle ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA svayaMsiddha hai| yadi jJAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA na mAnI jAya to kisI bhI jJeya viSaya kA jJAna na ho skegaa| ata: anubhavakartA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai|' (Ga) jainadarzana meM AtmAstitva kI siddhi jaina darzana ke pramukha AcArya svAmI samantabhadra, siddhasena, pUjyapAda, bhaTTa akalaMkadeva, vidyAnanda, haribhadra, jinabhadragaNi, prabhAcaMda, malliSeNa aura guNaratna Adi ne AtmA kI sattA ko pratyakSa aura anumAnAdi sabala, akATya pramANoM dvArA siddha kiyA hai| 1. AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI- jaina AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI ne sarvArthasiddhi meM likhA hai ki- zvAsocchvAsa rUpa kArya se kriyAvAn AtmA kA astitva usI prakAra siddha hai jisa prakAra yantramUrti kI ceSTAoM se usake prayoktA kA astitva siddha hotA hai|" 2. AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva - AcArya bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ke anusAra zvAsocchvAsa rUpI kriyAeM binA kAraNa ke nahIM hotI haiM kyoMki ye kriyAeM niyamapUrvaka hotI haiN| vijJAnAdi amUrta haiM isalie unameM preraNA zakti kA abhAva hotA hai| ataH ve ina kriyAoM ke kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| rUpa skandha ke dvArA bhI kriyAeM nahIM ho sakatI haiM kyoMki
Page #219
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 27 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 rUpaskandha acetana hai| ataH siddha hai ki zvAsocchvAsa rUpa kArya kA jo kartA hai, vahI AtmA hai| AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hone se, usakA abhAva mAnanA nitAnta galata hai kyoMki indriya nirapekSa Atmajanya kevalajJAna rUpa sakala pratyakSa ke dvArA zuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai evaM dezapratyakSa avadhi aura manaH paryaya jJAna ke dvArA karma-nokarma saMyukta azuddhAtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| indriya pratyakSa se AtmA kA pratyakSa na hone se usakA abhAva siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki indriya pratyakSa jainadarzana meM parokSa pramANa mAnA gayA hai| ghaTAdi parokSa haiM kyoMki agrAhaka nimitta kAraNoM se, dhUpa se anumita agni kI taraha grAhya hote haiN| indriyA~ agrAhaka haiM kyoMki unake naSTa ho jAne para smRti utpanna hotI hai| jisa prakAra khir3akI ke naSTa ho jAne para usake dvArA dekhane vAlA vidyamAna rahatA hai usI prakAra indriyoM se dekhane vAle AtmA kI sattA rahatI hai| bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ne indriya saMkalanAtmaka jJAna dvArA AtmA kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki indriya aura unase utpanna jJAnoM meM 'jo maiM dekhatA hU~, vahI maiM cakhatA hU~' ekatva viSayaka phala nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| lekina isa prakAra kA ekatva viSayaka jJAna hotA hai| ata: indriyoM dvArA jAne gaye viSayoM evaM jJAnoM meM ekasUtratA dekhane vAle grahItA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai| indriyoM se aisA nahIM ho sakatA hai kyoMki ve acetana evaM kSaNika haiN| ata: indriyoM se bhinna sakala jJAna aura viSaya ko grahaNa karane vAlA koI honA cAhie aura jo aisA hai vahI AtmA hai| A. malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bhI saMkalanAtmaka jJAna ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA ko siddha kiyA hai| 3. AcArya jinabhadragaNi zramaNa- AcArya jinabhadragaNi ne smaraNAdi vijJAna rUpa guNoM ke AdhAra para AtmA kA astitva siddha karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA kA astitva pratyakSa hotA hai kyoMki usake smaraNAdi vijJAna rUpa guNoM kA svasaMvedana pratyakSa hotA hai| jina guNoM ke guNoM kA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai usakA bhI pratyakSa hotA hai| jaise ghaTa rUpa guNa ke rUpAdi guNoM ke pratyakSa anubhava hone se ghaTa kA pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke guNa jJAnAdi kA pratyakSa anubhava hone se AtmA kA bhI pratyakSa anubhava honA mAnanA caahie| yadi guNa aura guNI ko bhinna mAnane vAle jJAna guNa se AtmA rUpa guNI kI sattA svIkAra na kareM to rUpAdi guNoM ke AdhAra ghaTAdi padArthoM kI bhI sattA nahIM mAnanI caahie| ataH smaraNAdi guNoM ke dvArA AtmA kI sattA siddha hotI hai| jinabhadragaNi ne AtmA kI siddhi guNoM ke AdhAra ke alAvA indriyoM ke adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM zarIra ke kartA ke rUpa meM, adAtA, bhoktA, dehAdi saMghAtoM ke svAmI ke rUpa meM AtmAstitva kI siddhi kI hai| 4. AcArya haribhadra- zAstravArtAsamuccaya ke kartA ne bhUta caitanyavAda kA khaNDana karake AtmA kI sattA ko siddha karate hue kahA hai ki AtmA cetanA kA AdhAra hai, isalie sadA sthita zIla tattva ke rUpa meM usakI sattA siddha hotI haiM aura yahI Atma tattva paraloka jAtA hai isalie paralokI ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha hai|
Page #220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 5. AcArya vidyAnanda- AcArya vidyAnandajI ne satyazAsana parIkSA meM kahA hai ki citra dekhakara puruSa kahatA hai ki yaha sajIva citra hai| yadyapi citra ajIva hai lekina usameM jIva kI gauNa kalpanA kI gayI hai| yadi jIva kA astitva na hotA to yaha citra sajIva hai, aisA kathana nahIM honA caahie| isa prakAra kI gauNa kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para kahA jAtA hai ki jo sajIva padArtha hai vahI AtmA hai|'' 6. vAdIbhasiMha- AcArya vAdIbhasiMha ne syAdvAdasiddhi meM arthApatti pramANa dvArA AtmA kI sattA ko siddha karate hue kahA hai ki dharmAdi kA kartA AtmA hai, anyathA sukha-du:kha nahIM hote| sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, isalie dharmAdi kA karttA AtmA hai| isa prakAra arthApatti pramANa se AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai|20 7. AcArya prabhAcandraka, zabda, rUpa aura rasAdi jJAna kisI AzrayabhUta dravya meM rahate haiM kyoMki ve guNa haiN| jo guNa hote haiM ve apane Azrita dravya meM rahate haiN| jaise rUpAdi guNa ghar3e ke Azrita rahate haiN| zabdAdi guNa jisa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, vahI AtmA hai|| kha. AcArya prabhAcandrajI ke anasAra jJAna, sukha Adi kAryoM kA koI upAdAna kAraNa avazya hai kyoMki ye kArya haiN| jo kArya hotA hai usakA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| jaise 'ghaTa' kArya hone se miTTI usakA upAdAna kAraNa hai| ataH jJAna, sukha Adi ko jo upAdAna kAraNa hai, vahI AtmA hai| ga, nyAya kumudacandra meM AcArya ne likhA hai ki- jIvita zarIra kisI kI preraNA dvArA saMcAlita hotA hai kyoMki yaha zarIra icchAnusAra kriyA karatA hai| jo icchAnusAra kriyA karatA hai usakA saMcAlana avazya hotA hai| jaise- ratha kA saMcAlaka rathI hotA hai, usI prakAra isa zarIra kA jo saMcAlaka hai, vahI AtmA hai| AtmA-siddhi meM indriyoM ko preraka rUpa mAnate hue prabhAcanda jI kahate haiM ki zrotrAdi indriyA~ karaNa haiN| ataH unakA koI preraka honA cAhie kyoMki jo karaNa hote haiM, ve prerita hokara hI apanA kArya karate haiN| jaise basUlA bar3haI se prerita hokara chedanAdi kriyA karatA hai| zrotrAdi indriyAM jisase prerita hokara kArya karatI haiM vahI AtmA hai| 8. malliSeNa sUri- syAdvAdamaMjarI ke kartA AcArya malliSeNa sUri ne zarIra ke adhiSThAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA kI sattA siddha karate hue kahA hai ki hita rUpa sAdhanoM kA grahaNa aura ahita rUpa sAdhanoM kA tyAga prayatnapUrvaka hI hotA hai kyoMki vaha viziSTa kriyA hai| jitanI viziSTa kriyAeM hotI haiM, ve prayatna pUrvaka hI hotI haiN| jaise ratha kI calane vAlI viziSTa kriyA sArathI ke prayatna se hotI hai, usI prakAra zarIra kI vyavasthita yA viziSTa kriyA bhI kisI ke prayatnapUrvaka hotI hai| jisake prayatna se yaha kriyA hotI hai, vahI AtmA 9. guNaratna sUri- guNaratna sUri ke anusAra 'ajIva' zabda kA pratipakSI 'jIva' kA astitva avazya hai kyoMki ajIva zabda vyutpatti siddha aura zuddha pada kA pratiSedha karatA
Page #221
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 hai| jisa niSedhAtmaka zabda ke dvArA vyutpattimAn aura zuddha pada kA pratiSedha hotA hai, usakA pratipakSI avazya hotA hai| ajIva niSedhavAcI zabda yaugika tathA akhaNDajIva kA niSedha karatA hai| isalie ajIva ke pratipakSI jIva kA astitva vidyamAna hai| uparyukta AtmavAdI vizleSaNa se spaSTa hai ki zarIrAdi se bhinna AtmA kI svataMtra sattA vAstavika rUpa se astitva meM hai| saMdarbha 1. sarvArthasiddhi pRSTha 7 2. vaizeSikasUtra 3/2/4-13 3. nyAyasUtra 3/1/10 4. bhAratIya darzana- saM. DaoN. naMda kizora devarAja pRSTha 311 5. (1) sAMkhyakArikA 17 (2) sAMkhyapravacanasUtra 1/66 (3) yogasUtra 4/24 6. (1) zlokavArtika/ AtmavAda (2) taMtravArtikaH prabhAkara pRSTha 516 7. brahmasUtra, zaMkara bhASya 1/1/5 pRSTha 14 8. vahI 9. brahmasUtra zaMkarabhASya 2/3/7 pRSTha 542 10. vahI 11. sarvArthasiddhi 5/19 pRSTha 288 12. tattvArthavArtika 5/19 38 pRSTha 473 13. tattvArthavArtika 2/8/18/ pRSTha 123 14. tattvArthavArtika 2/8/18/ pRSTha 122 15. tattvArthavArtika 2/8/19 pRSTha 122 16. syAdvAdamaMjarI kArikA 17 pRSTha 173 17. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya- gaNadharavAda gAthA 1558-60 18. zAstravArtAsamuccaya 1/78 19. satyazAsanaparIkSA pRSTha 14 20. syAdvAdasiddhi kArikA 9-10 21. (1) nyAyakumadacaMdra pRSTha 348 (2) prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR. 112 22. nyAyakumudacaMdra pRSTha 649 23. nyAyakumudacaMdra pRSTha 349 24. prameyakamalamArtaNDa pRSTha 113 25. syAdvAdamaMjarI kArikA 17 pRSTha 174 26. SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA- guNaratnasUri kA, 40, pRSTha 230 - bhagavAn puSpadanta nAtha janmabhUmi kAkandI, diga, jaina tIrthakSetra khukhundu, devariyA (u.pra.)
Page #222
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadharma meM nArI kI sthiti -DaoN. ramezacanda jaina jaina kAnUna striyoM ke viSaya meM jaina laoN aura hindU laoN meM bahuta antara hai| jaina laoN ke anusAra striyA~ dAyabhAga kI pUrNatayA adhikAriNI hotI haiN| hindu laoN meM unako kevala jIvana paryanta (Life estate) adhikAra milatA hai| saMpatti kA pUrNa svAmitva hindU laoN ke anusAra puruSoM ko hI milatA hai| patnI pUrNatayA ardhAginI ke rUpa meM jaina laoN meM hI pAI jAtI hai| putra bhI usake samakSa koI adhikAra nahIM rakhatA hai| jaina laoN meM lar3akI kevala bAbA (pitAmaha) kI saMpatti meM adhikArI hai| pitA kI nijI sthAvara saMpatti meM usako kevala gujAre kA adhikAra prApta hai aura apane jaMgama dravya kA pitA pUrNa adhikArI hai, cAhe jisa prakAra vyaya kre| hindU laoN meM khAnadAna muztarikA mitAkSarA kI dazA meM mRta bhrAtA kI vidhavA kI koI haisiyata nahIM hotI hai aura vaha kevala bhojana, vastra pA sakatI hai| jaina laoN meM vaha mRta puruSa ke bhAga kI adhikAriNI hogI, cAhe usakI vibhakti ho cukI yA nahIM ho cukI hai| putra bhI jaina laoN ke anusAra kevala paitAmahika saMpatti meM pitA kA sahabhAgI hotA hai aura apanA bhAga vibhakta karAkara pRthak kara sakatA hai| kintu pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt usa bhAga ko paayegaa|' jaina laoN meM vidhavA saMpatti kI pUrNa svAminI hotI hai| putrI yA nAtI kA koI adhikAra nahIM hotaa| ata: yadi usake pati ke bhAI bhatIje usako prasanna rakheM aura usakA Adara aura vinaya kareM to vaha unako saba dhana de sakatI hai| strI ko strIdhana ke vyaya karane kA apane jIvana meM pUrNa adhikAra hai| vaha usako apane bhAI bhatIjoM ko bhI de sakatI hai| aisA dAna sAkSI dvArA honA caahie|' eka yA adhika bhaginI pitA ke mare pazcAt kuMvArI hoM to unako saba bhAI apane apane bhAga kA caturthAMza lagAkara byAha deN| jisa kanyA kA byAha ho gayA ho, usako pitA ke dravya meM bhAga nahIM hogaa| pitA ne jo kucha unako diyA ho, vahI usakA dhana hai| pitA ko apanI striyoM ko putroM ke samAna bhAga denA caahie| jisa manuSya ke kevala eka kanyA ho aura kucha saMtAna na ho to usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt usake dhana ke mAlika putrI-dauhita hoNge| sAhityika vivaraNa jainadharma meM nAriyoM kI paryApta pratiSThA thii| pati ke pratyeka kArya meM ve sahayoga diyA karatIM thii| kisI prakAra kI zaMkA yA kArya upasthita hone para patnI ni:saMkoca pati ke pAsa jAkara ziSTAcAra pUrvaka nivedana karatI thii| solaha svapna dikhAI dene para marudevI pati
Page #223
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 ke pAsa jAkara nIce Asana para baiThI aura uttama siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hRdayavallabha ko hAtha jor3akara krama se svapnoM kA nivedana kiyA / " 31 mAtA ke rUpa meM nArI aparimita zraddhA kA bhAjana thI / vijayAbhigamana ke avasara para lava aura kuza mAtA ko praNAma kara maMgalAcArapUrvaka ghara se nikle|" patnI ke rUpa meM nArI pati ko kumArga meM bhaTakane se bacAne kA sadaiva prayatna karatI thii| sItA kI prApti hetu yuddha meM pravRtta rAvaNa ko samajhAtI huI maMdodarI kahatI hai- "ApakA yaha manoratha atyanta saMkaTa meM pravRtta huA hai isalie ina indriya rUpI ghor3oM ko zIghra roka liijie| Apa to viveka rUpI sudRr3ha lagAma ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiN| ApakI utkRSTa dhIratA, gaMbhIratA aura vicArakatA usa sItA ke lie jisa kumArga se gaI hai, he nAtha! jAna par3atA hai, Apa bhI kisI ke dvArA usI kumArga se le jAye jA rahe haiN"| 2 pitA ke ghara putrI kA lAlana-pAlana bar3e sneha se hotA thA parantu putrI ke yauvana avasthA prApta kara lene para pitA ko yaha ciMtA laga jAtI thI ki kanyA uttama pati ko prApta hogI yA nhiiN| 14 kanyAoM kI zikSA-dIkSA kA pUrA prabandha kiyA jAtA thaa| ve gaMdharva Adi vidyAoM meM nipuNa hotI thiiN|" AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karane kI prathA striyoM meM pracalita thii|" ca~vara Dhone, zayyA bichAne, buhArane, puSpa vikIrNa karane, sugaMdhita dravya kA lepa lagAne, bhojana - pAna banAne Adi kAryoM meM unakI nipuNatA kA ullekha milatA hai|" yuddhAdi ke lie senA ke prayANa meM bhI striyA~ jAtI thiiN| vajranAbhi kI digvijaya ke prasaMga meM senA ke sAtha striyoM ke jAne kA bhI varNana huA hai|" sArvajanika utsavoM evaM aneka prakAra ke Amoda-pramodoM meM nArI kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa hai / " kanyAeM apane pitA se kisI viSaya para niHsaMkoca bAtacIta karatI thiiN| zrImatI apane pitA vajradanta se apane pUrvabhava ke pati lalitAMga ke viSaya meM vibhinna jijJAsAyeM vyakta karatI hai|" mahArAjA vajrabAhu kI paNDitA nAma kI dhAya bar3I catura thii| zrImatI ko pUrvajanma ke smaraNa hone para paNDitA lalitAMga kA citra lekara mahApUta jinAlaya gaI aura lalitAMga kA paricaya prApta kara vApisa aaii| 2" AdipurANa se jJAta hotA hai ki kanyA aura putra meM koI antara nahIM thaa| donoM samAna rUpa se saMskArita kie jAte the| 2 AdipurANa meM kanyA janma ko abhizApa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| 23 bAlyAvasthA se hI kanyA ko nUpura Adi alaMkAroM se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thA / 24 samarAiccakahA meM kanyA kI zikSA-dIkSA para vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai; kyoMki rUpa, kalA, vijJAna Adi kanyA ke guNa mAne jAte the| inhIM guNoM se yukta kanyA vivAha ke yogya mAnI jAtI thii| citrakalA ke sAtha-sAtha use kAvya Adi kI bhI zikSA dI jAtI thii| 26 mAtA-pitA apanI kanyA ko kalA-vijJAna Adi se suzikSita karane kA bharapUra prayAsa karate the rUpa, kalA evaM vijJAna Adi se yukta kanyAyeM yuvAvasthA ko prApta hone para vivAha yogya samajhI jAtI thI samarAiccakahA meM bhAryA ko gRhaNI nAmaka saMjJA se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| (sama.ka. 4 pR. 358) / vaha ghara gRhasthI kI sAmrAjJI samajhI jAtI thI tathA apane pati kI
Page #224
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 jIvanasaMginI tathA salAhakAra samajhI jAtI thii| (sama. ka. 1 pR. 181) ghara meM praveza karate hI sAsa-sasura bahU kA sammAna karate the tathA pati use jIvana sAthI ke rUpa meM grahaNa karatA thaa| ataH pati-patnI ke bIca sahakAritA pUrNa bhAvanA ke phalasvarUpa patnI ko mitravat samajhA jAtA thaa| (sama. ka. 9 pR. 925) AdipurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki jananI ko apane putra ke vivAha ke avasara para sabase adhika prasannatA hotI thii| marudevI ko navIna putravadhuyeM prApta kara atyadhika prasannatA huii| pitA kI apekSA parivAra meM mA~ ko adhika prema aura sammAna prApta thaa| bhagavatI sUtra meM amma zabda pitR zabda se pahale prayukta huA hai-ammApiyaro yahAM yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki pati aura patnI dharma ke samAna sahabhAgI the| yadi pati pravrajita hone kA nirNaya le letA thA to patnI kabhI bhI bAdhaka nahIM hotI thii| dhArmika kSetra meM vaha pati kA anugamana karatI thii| isa prakAra vaha eka zAMtipUrNa vAtAvaraNa kA nirmANa karatI thii| pati use jIvana yAtrA kA sahabhAgI mAnatA thaa| sAMsArika kAryoM meM vaha use niMdanIya vastu nahIM mAnatA thaa| yaha bAta zreNika tathA usakI patnI celanA tathA udayana evaM usakI patnI ke saMbandhoM se vidita hotI hai| sindhu sauvIra kI rAnI prabhAvatI devI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pavitra upadezoM ko sunane ke lie rAjagRha ke bAhara guNazilA caitya tathA vItabhaya nagara ke mRgavana kI dharmasabhA meM jAtI hai| jaba udayana saMsAra chor3akara dIkSA grahaNa kara lete haiM aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM cale jAte haiM to vaha bIca meM bAdhaka nahIM banatI hai| hastinApura ke rAjA bala ne, jaba usakI rAnI arddharAtri ke samaya svapna dekhane ke bAda usake kakSa meM praviSTa huI, taba usakA svAgata kiyaa| pahale usane use sukhAsana para baiThAyA tathA madhuravacana bolakara usakA sammAna kiyaa| anantara apratyAzita Agamana ke viSaya meM puuchaa| usane sammAnajanaka zabdoM meM apane svapna kA nivedana kiyA aura kahA ki eka sundara siMha ko garjanA karate hue udara meM praviSTa hote hue dekhA hai| apanI medhA ke AdhAra para rAjA ne isa svapna kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI ki vaha eka mahAn putra ko janma degii| anantara usane use isa saubhAgya para badhAI dii| brAhmaNakuNDagrAma meM RSabhadatta brAhmaNa ne bhUzAlaka caitya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza sune aura vaha prasannatA pUrvaka bailagAr3I meM baiThAkara patnI devanandA ko le gayA aura donoM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pravrajyA aMgIkAra kii| zrAvastI ke zramaNopAsaka aura zramaNopAsikA zaMkha tathA utpalA kA jIvana Adarza dAmpatya jIvana thA, jo ki pArasparika prema, zraddhA, bhakti aura sammAna se bharA huA thaa| ve sAMsArika kAryoM aura pUjana vagairaha meM pavitra hRdaya se jIvana yApana karate the| ___maMkha maMkhali aura usakI patnI bhadrA ne nirdhanatA kI kaThinAIyoM meM rahakara bhI zAMti aura saMtoSa ke sAtha utAra-car3hAva vAlI jiMdagI bitaaii| bhautika ApadAyeM unheM eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kara sakIM aura na unakI zAnti bhaMga kara skiiN| ekabAra gRhavihIna jIvana vyatIta karate hue jaba bhadrA garbhavatI thI to unhoMne saravaNa grAma meM eka brAhmaNa gobahula kI
Page #225
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 gozAlA meM zaraNa lii| ve eka gA~va se dUsare gA~va ghUmakara varSAkAla vyatIta kara rahe the, kyoMki unake pAsa rahane ko ghara nahIM thaa| garIbI aura kaSTa ke bIca uparyukta gozAlA meM bhadrA ne maMkhaliputra gozAla ko janma diyaa| unakI jIvana yAtrA kaThinAIyoM ke madhya sAtha-sAtha gujaratI gaI kintu unhoMne patnI aura pati ke pavitra milana ke Adarza ko tilAMjali nahIM dii| gRhastha jIvana meM praveza ke nimitta yuvA aura yuvatI ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhane ke lie vivAha hotA thaa| bhogabhUmi ke samaya strI-puruSa kA jor3A sAtha hI utpanna hotA thA aura premabandhana baddha hue sAtha hI unakI mRtyu ho jAtI thii| bAda meM vivAha saMbandhI kaI prathAyeM pracalita huii| kisI zubha dina jabaki saumyagraha sAmane sthita hote the, krUra graha vimukha hote the aura lagna maMgalakArI hotI thI, taba striyoM ke maMgalagIta, turahI kI dhvani Adi kriyAoM ke sAtha kanyA ko lekara pitA vara ke ghara para hI vivAha kArya saMpanna karA dete the| kabhI-kabhI vara ke kisI sundara rUpa aura guNoM vAlI kanyA para Asakta ho jAne para vaha svayaM athavA usakA pitA kanyA ke pitA se kanyA kI prApti hetu yAcanA karatA thaa| pitA usake kula, rUpa, guNa tathA Ayu Adi kA vicAra kara svIkRti yA asvIkRti dete the| asvIkRti dene para kabhI-kabhI yuddha hotA thA aura yuddha meM yadi vara pakSa jIta jAtA thA to usake bala aura pauruSa se prabhAvita hokara yA vivazatA ke kAraNa use kanyA denI par3atI thii| padmacarita meM prema vivAha ke bahuta se udAharaNa milate haiN| prema kA prAraMbha kabhI kanyA" kI ora se hotA thA, kabhI vara kI ora se| kabhI-kabhI donoM eka dUsare ko dekhakara premapAza meM ba~dha jAte the| uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI sukhabodhA TIkA se jJAta hotA hai ki gaMdharva deza kI rAjadhAnI puNDravarddhana thii| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma siMhastha thaa| ekabAra use uttarApatha se do ghor3e upahAra meM mile| rAjA ne unakI parIkSA karanI caahii| eka para rAjA svayaM car3hA aura dUsare para raajkumaar| rAjA jisa ghor3e para savAra huA thA, vaha viparIta zikSA vAlA thaa| jyoM-jyoM usakI lagAma khIMcI jAtI, tyoM-tyoM vaha vega se daur3atA thaa| isa prakAra vaha ghor3A rAjA ko lekara 12 yojana calA gyaa| anta meM rAjA ne lagAma DhIlI kara dii| ghor3A vahIM ruka gyaa| ghor3e ko vahIM eka vRkSa se bA~dha rAjA parvata para dIkha rahe sAta maMjile prAsAda para car3hA aura vahA~ eka yuvatI se gandharva vivAha kara liyaa| pAJcAla rAjA ke putra brahmadatta ne apane mAmA puSpacUla kI lar3akI puSpAvatI se gaMdharva vivAha kiyaa| kSitipratiSThAna nagara ke rAjA jitazatru ne eka daridra citrakAra kI putrI kanakamaJjarI ke vAkkauzala se prabhAvita hokara gaMdharva vivAha kara liyaa| yaha antarjAtIya vivAha kA bhI udAharaNa hai| gaMdharva vivAha ke sAtha svayaMvara prathA ke bhI ullekha milate haiN| svayaMvara paddhati meM putrI kA pitA aneka logoM ko AmaMtrita karatA thaa| susajjita maMca ke Upara rAjAoM ko baiThAkara pratIhArI krama se kanyA ko rAjAoM kA paricaya detI jAtI thii| anta meM jisa
Page #226
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 vara ko kanyA cAhatI thI, usake gale meM varamAlA DAla detI thii| tadanantara logoM ke dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke kautuka aura maMgalAcAra ke sAtha kanyA kA pANigrahaNa hotA thaa| kabhI-kabhI kanyA vara kI khoja meM vibhinna sthAnoM para jAtI thii| eka bAra mathurA ke rAjA jitazatru ne apanI putrI nirvRtti ko icchAnusAra vara kI khoja karane ke lie khaa| vaha senA aura vAhana lekara indrapura gii| vahA~ ke rAjA indradatta ke bAIsa putra the| kanyA ne eka zarta rakhate hue kahA- ATha ratha cakra haiM, unake Age eka putalI sthApita hai| jo koI usakI bAI AMkha ko bANa se bIMdhegA, usI kA maiM varaNa kruuNgii| rAjA apane putroM ko lekara raMgamaMca para upasthita huaa| bArI bArI se rAjA ke sabhI putroM ne putalI ko bIMdhane kA prayAsa kiyA, kintu koI bhI saphala nahIM ho skaa| anta meM rAjA kA eka putra surendradatta, jo ki maMtrI kI kanyA se utpanna thA, raMgamaMca para aayaa| cAroM ora se ho hallA hone lgaa| do vyakti naMgI talavAra lekara donoM ora khar3e ho gae aura kumAra se kahA- yadi tuma isa kArya meM asaphala rahe to hama tumhArA sira dhar3a se alaga kara deNge| kumAra unakI cunautI svIkAra karate hue Age AyA aura dekhate hI dekhate putalI kI bAI AMkha ko bANa se bIMdha ddaalaa| kumArI ne usake gale meM varamAlA pahanA dii|7|| kabhI-kabhI pitA dvArA kanyA ke lie vizeSa vara kA nirdhAraNa ho jAne para bhI kisI vizeSa kAraNavaza koI Avazyaka zarta rakha dI jAtI thI ki jo koI usa zarta ko pUrA karegA, use hI kanyA dI jaayegii| udAharaNa svarUpa vidyAdharoM ne rAjA janaka ke sAmane yaha zarta rakhI ki vajrAvarta dhanuSa ko car3hAkara hI rAma sItA ko grahaNa kara sakate haiN| rAma usa zarta ko pUrA kara dete haiM aura unakA sItA ke sAtha vivAha hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI vara kI dhIratA, vIratA tathA kula aura zIla kA paricaya prApta karane ke lie yuddha kI AvazyakatA par3atI thii| vara meM jitane guNa hone cAhie, unameM zuddha vaMza meM janma lenA pramukha mAnA jAtA thaa| kula, zIla, dhana, rUpa, samAnatA, bala, avasthA, deza aura vidyAgama ye nau vara ke guNa kahe gae haiN| unameM bhI kula ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| kula nAmakA prathama guNa jisa vara meM na ho, use kanyA nahIM dI jAtI thii| somA aura vijayasenA gaMdharva Adi kalAoM ke parama sImA ko prApta thIM- isalie unake pitA sugrIva ne aisA vicAra kara liyA thA ki jo gandharva vidyA meM inako jItegA, vahI inakA bhartA hogaa| cArudatta kI putrI gandharvasenA, jo ki saMgItazAstra meM pAraMgata thI, kI pratijJA thI ki jo mujhe saMgItazAstra meM jItegA, usake sAtha hI maiM vivAha kruuNgii| somazarmA ke bhadrA aura sulasA nAmaka do putriyA~ thIM, jo veda vyAkaraNAdi zAstroM meM parama pAragAminI thiiN| ina donoM ne kumArI avasthA meM hI vairAgyavaza parivrAjaka kI dIkSA le lI aura donoM hI zAstrArtha meM aneka vAdiyoM ko jItakara parama prasiddhi ko prApta huii| ___ bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI brAhmI aura sundarI nAma putriyA~ akSara, citra aura gaNitazAstra meM pAraMgata thii| eka sthAna para marudevI ke akSaravijJAna, citravijJAna, saMgItavijJAna, gaNita vijJAna, AgamavijJAna tathA kalA-kauzala kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| aneka striyA~ madhura gAna
Page #227
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 35 gAtI thIM evaM manohara nRtya bhI karatI thiiN| rAjA drupada ne yaha ghoSaNA kI thI ki jo gANDIva dhanuSa ko gola karane aura bedhane meM samartha hogA, vahI dropadI kA pati hogaa| jaba vaha kisI se bhI nahIM TUTa sakA to anta meM arjuna ne usakA sandhAna kara dropadI kA varaNa kiyaa| rAjakIya parivAroM meM jisa prakAra bAlaka ke pAlana ke lie dhAya niyukta kI jAtI thI, usI prakAra bAlikAoM ke lie bhI niyukta kI jAtI thii| vidyAdhara kI putrI zrImAlA kA ullekha paumacariya meM huA hai, jisake lie dhAya niyukta kI gaI thii| yaha dhAya sarvArthazAstra kuzala thI, jisase ki vaha bAlikA ke zArIrika aura mAnasika vikAsa kI acchI taraha dekhabhAla kara ske| putra ke abhAva meM mAtA-pitA kA prema putrI ke prati bar3ha jAtA thaa| jaba bhAmaNDala kA apaharaNa kara liyA gayA to mAtA-pitA ko sAMtvanA usakI bahina sItA se prApta huii| sItA ke kAraNa mAtA-pitA ne apane putra ke khone ke du:kha ko bhulA diyaa| bar3hatI umra meM lar3akI ko khulI havA, ucita sAtha tathA sahI svataMtratA Avazyaka thI, jo ki putriyA~ prApta karatI thiiN| aJjanA isa avasthA meM geMda khelatI thii| sItA apanI vidyAdhara saheliyoM ke sAtha khelatI thii| ve udyAna meM jalakrIr3A karatI thiiN| rAjakumArI atisundarA eka guru ke yahA~ zikSA prApta karatI thii| kanyAoM kI zikSA bahumukhI thii| kaikeyI ne kalA aura vijJAna ke aneka viSayoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| jaise akSara vidyA, vyAkaraNa, chandazAstra, lalita kalAyeM- saMgIta, nRtya-citrakalA, veza kauzala, gaMdha vidyA, pattiyA~ kAr3hanA, vijJAna-aMkagaNita, ratnaparIkSA, puSpavidyA, gajavidyA tathA ashvvidyaa| kSatriya kanyA hone ke kAraNa usane sainyavijJAna kA nizcita rUpa se adhyayana kiyA hogA, nahIM to yuddha meM dazaratha ke ratha kI vaha sArathI kaise banatI? rAnI siMhikA ne utsAhapUrvaka yuddha kara AkramaNakAriyoM ko parAsta kiyaa| sItA ne kucha muniyoM ke sAmane nRtya karate hue gAyana kiyaa| gandharvI citramAlA ne vana meM aJjanA ko sAMtvanA dene ke lie saMgIta kI dhvani kii| sugrIva kI putriyoM ne rAma ko du:kha ke samaya mana bahalAne ke lie saMgIta kI dhvani ke sAtha nRtya kiyaa| lakSmaNa kI patniyoM dvArA saMgIta tathA nRtya kiyA jAnA isa bAta kA paryApta pramANa hai ki kanyAoM ko saMgIta tathA nRtyakalA kA prazikSaNa dene kA rivAja thaa| kaikeyI kI zaikSaNika yogyatAeM yaha nirdeza karatI haiM ki kanyAoM ko vibhinna viSayoM kA zikSaNa- prazikSaNa diyA jAtA thaa| yaha mA~ bApa para nirbhara thA ki ve apanI putriyoM ko kisa prakAra kA zikSaNa prazikSaNa deN| isake lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki zikSA prApti ke aMtima samaya taka unheM svataMtratA dI jaay| atisundarA kA apane guru ke ghara jAnA, vahAM purohita putra ke sAtha par3hanA, unameM Apasa meM prema kA vikasita honA aura aMta meM donoM kA bhAga jAnA- ye saba cIjeM isa bAta ko kahatI haiM ki kanyAyeM ghara meM banda nahIM rahatI thIM tathA ve eka nizcita avasthA- vivAha kI avasthA taka zikSA prApta karatI thiiN| kalpasUtra meM striyoM kI cauMsaTha kalAoM kA ullekha hai| isase yaha nirdeza prApta hotA hai ki striyA~ adhyayana kI sabhI zAkhAoM meM zikSita hotI thiiN| kauzalyA tathA tArA maMtrIvat thiiN| paNDitA ke rUpa meM dropadI yaha pradarzita karatI hai ki striyA~ veda tathA jJAna kI dUsarI zAkhAoM meM
Page #228
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 zikSita hotI thiiN| mAtA-pitA apanI putriyoM kA vivAha sahI puruSoM se karane kA dhyAna rakhate the| ve acche se acchA vara talAzate the| eka lar3akI ke bhaviSya kI prasannatA isa bAta para nirbhara hai ki use vara kaisA milA? ataH mAtA-pitA vara kA kula, caritra, svAsthya tathA upalabdhiyoM para vicAra karate haiN| paripakvatA tathA pUrI javAnI vivAha ke lie ucita yogyatAyeM thiiN| putrI kI icchAoM kA vivAha hetu dhyAna rakhA jAtA thaa| jo vyakti jabaradastI kisI lar3akI se vivAha karanA cAhate the, mAtA-pitA usakA atyadhika virodha karate the| prAcIna kAla meM asura aura rAkSasa vivAha bhI hote the, kintu unheM samAja meM acchA nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| kanyA kA apaharaNa karane ke bAda use dAsatA ke garta meM nahIM dhakelA jAtA thaa| zrIvarddhita ne zrIkAnta kI putrI kA apaharaNa kiyA tathA usase vivAha kara liyaa| kharadUSaNa ne candranakhA kA apaharaNa kara usase vivAha kara liyaa| usane use vahI sammAna diyA, jo eka patnI AzA karatI thii| prAyaH kanyAoM kI zAdI prasannatAdAyaka thii| paumacariu meM koI bhI aisA mAmalA nahIM hai, jahA~ mAtA-pitA ne apanI putrI kA vivAha usakI icchA ke viparIta kiyA hai yA vivAha ke bAda pati-patnI ke bIca lar3AI hokara talAka ho gayA patnI gharelU kAryoM kI svAminI thI, vaha pati kI sAthina thii| pati usakA bharaNa poSaNa karatA thA, ataH bhAryA kahalAtI thii| pati kA artha patnI kA saMrakSaka hai| bharttA kA artha bharaNa poSaNa karane vAlA hai| ye zabda yaha nirdeza karate haiM ki patnI tathA pati eka dUsare ke pUraka the| donoM kA uttaradAyitva samAna thaa| yaha Avazyaka thA ki pati patnI ko samucita sammAna de| jaba vibhISaNa kI patnI ne rAma se Atithya grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kI to vibhISaNa ne rAma ko le jAkara usakI sahamati pradAna kii| __pArivArika mAmaloM meM patnI kA samAna adhikAra thaa| kaikeyI ne jaba bharata kA vivAha subhadrA se karanA cAhA to dazaratha ne tatkAla usake nirNaya para sahamati vyakta kii| rAvaNa apanI bahina ke apahartA kharadUSaNa ko mAranA cAhatA thA, kintu maMdodarI ne aisA karane se manA kara diyaa| patnI ko priyA, kAntA aura vallabhA bhI kahA jAtA thA, jisase nirdiSTa hotA hai ki use pati se prema aura lagAva prApta thaa| pati kA karttavya kevala patnI kA bharaNa poSaNa karanA hI nahIM thA, apitu use prasanna rakhanA bhI thaa| kaThinAI ke kSaNoM meM vaha patnI se sahAnubhUti rakhatA thaa| pati garbhiNI kI icchA (dohada) ko pUrA karatA thaa| rAma ne sItA kI prArthanA para usake sAtha jalakrIr3A kii| prema kA bandhana itanA gaharA thA ki pati ko patnI kI surakSA karanI par3atI thI aura use prasanna rakhanA hotA thaa| jaba sItA kA apaharaNa huA to rAma usake viyoga meM atyadhika du:khI hue| rAma ne sugrIva kI patnI kI punaH sthApanA hetu kaThina parizrama kiyaa| yadyapi rAma ke anta:pura meM bahuta sI striyA~ thIM, kintu sItA ke binA unhoMne prasannatA kA anubhava nahIM kiyaa| usane rAvaNa dvArA prastAvita samasta bhUmi aura dhana ko nakAra diyaa| unhoMne tabhI prasannatA kA anubhava kiyA, jaba unheM unakI patnI mila gii| sItA kI punaH prApti hetu jhelI gaI samasta kaThinAIyoM aura duHkhoM ko
Page #229
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 37 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 unhoMne mana meM nahIM rkhaa| rAma kI kahAnI eka pati kI patnI ke prati vizvAsapUrNa kartavyaparAyaNatA kI kahAnI hai| sugrIva kI patnI ko jaba kRtrima sugrIva ne chala se grahaNa karanA cAhA to usane rAma kI zaraNa lI aura sItA kI khoja meM aneka kaThinAIyoM kA sAmanA kiyA; kyoMki vaha tArA ko prasanna rakhanA cAhate the| sugrIva ne rAvaNa se Takkara lene kA kaThina nirNaya liyaa| pavanaJjaya ko jaba apanI niSkAsita patnI kA patA nahIM calA to usane AtmaghAta kA nizcaya kiyaa| purohita madhupiMgala tathA vIraka julAhe ko bahuta kaSTa huA, jabaki unakI patniyoM kA apaharaNa huaa| unheM punaH prApta karane kA unhoMne uttama prayAsa kiyaa| patnI ko praNayinI kahA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki patnI kA yaha karttavya hai ki vaha pati se prema kare aura use prasanna rkhe| pati-patnI kI prema krIr3A ke aneka saMdarbha prApta hote haiN| jaba pati bAhara hotA thA to patnI usakI pratIkSA karatI thI aura vApisa Ane para utsAha se harSa ke kSaNoM meM utsava manAtI thii| patnI kI jijJAsA taba aura bar3ha jAtI thI, jaba usakA pati yuddha ke lie jAtA thaa| sainika kA karttavya ghara-tyAga karanA thaa| ataH usakI patnI kA karttavya usakA utsAhavardhana karanA thaa| kSaNika rUpa meM use alagAva mahasUsa hotA thA, kintu usake sAmane rASTrIya karttavya hotA thaa| eka sainika kI patnI use vidA denA guNavattA aura vIratA kA kArya mAnatI thii| vaha pati ko utsAhita karatI thI ki yuddhabhUmi meM bhAgane kI apekSA saMgrAma meM mara jAnA acchA hai| kaThinAI ke samaya patnI pati kI madada karatI thI jaba siMhendu ko jaMgala meM sA~pa ne kATa liyA, taba usakI patnI use apanI pITha para le gaI aura eka muni kI madada se usakI cikitsA kii| lakSmaNa kI ATha vidyAdhara patniyoM ne lakSmaNa ke bhAgya meM sahabhAgI banane hetu apane Apako yuddhakSetra ke lie prastuta kara diyaa| sneha kA bandhana yaha mA~ga karatA hai ki patnI ko pati ke prati vaphAdAra honA caahie| sItA rAvaNa ke dvArA apahRta hone para bhI usake sAtha vivAha karane ko taiyAra nahIM huii| vaha rAma ke lie marane ko taiyAra thii| pati ke viraha meM usane bhojana kA parityAga kara diyaa| bahuta se rAjakIya pralobhana use vicalita nahIM kara ske| aMjanA ko pavanaJjaya ne galataphahamI ke kAraNa vivAha ke tatkAla bAda chor3a diyA, kintu usane apane pati ko kabhI nahIM bhulaayaa| antataH pavanaJjaya ko apanI bhUla pratIta huI aura usane apanI patnI ko svIkAra kara liyaa| tatkAla aJjanA para eka aura durbhAgya TUTa pdd'aa| use usakI sAsa ne bAhara nikAla diyA, jabaki usakA pati bAhara thaa| use aneka musIbatoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A, kintu vaha patibhaktA rahI tathA vaha dina bhI AyA, jaba vaha apane pati se punaH mila gii| pati ne usake isa prema kI prazaMsA kI tathA use devI tathA sundarI khaa| vaha mahilAratna ke rUpa meM jAnI gii| kisI kI patnI ko mAranA bahuta bar3A pApa mAnA jAtA thaa| jaba pati rAjasiMhAsana para baiThatA thA to patnI bhI sAtha meM baiThatI thii| dhArmika mAmaloM meM usakA samAna rUpa se sammAna hotA thaa| eka bar3e dhArmika samAroha kI vyavasthA kA sArA dAyitva rAvaNa ne maMdodarI ko sauMpA thaa|
Page #230
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 prAcIna kAla meM aneka patniyA~ rakhane kA rivAja thaa| ataH svAbhAvika hai ki kisI ke prati adhika anurAga ho| ataH paTTAnI ko vizeSa adhikAra prApta the| kabhI-kabhI rAniyoM meM dhArmika pratidvaMdvitA bhI ho jAtI thii| kAmpilyapura ke rAjA siMhadhvaja kI vaprA aura lakSmI nAmaka rAniyA~ bhinna-bhinna dharmoM kI thii| unameM apane-apane ratha ko pahale nikAlane para virodha ho gyaa| isa kAraNa rAjakumAra hariSeNa ko kucha samaya ke lie apanA ghara chor3anA pdd'aa| kanakodarI apanI sauta dvArA jinapratimA kI pUjA sahana nahIM kara sakI, ataH usane use bAhara rakhavA diyaa| parivAra meM mA~ kA bar3A sammAna thaa| saMtAna kA mA~ ke nAma para nAma honA siddha karatA hai ki mA~ kI sthiti sammAnaprada thii| lakSmaNa ko saumitra tathA sItA ko videhA yA vaidehI kahA gayA hai| jaba putra kisI kArya se gRhatyAga karate the yA pravrajyA grahaNa karate the to ve apanI mA~ kI anumati lete the| jaba ve lauTate the, taba bhI mA~ ke pAsa Ate the| sautelI mA~ bhI usI prakAra sammAna kI adhikAriNI thii| mAtA-pitA guru mAne jAte the| kisI kI mA~ ko mAranA bahuta bar3A pApa mAnA jAtA thaa| usa putra ko ayogya mAnA jAtA thA, jo apanI sagI yA sautelI mAM ko jarA bhI kaSTa detA thaa| hariSeNa ghara chor3akara calA gayA aura yogya sthiti ko prApta karane ke bAda vaha ghara vApisa lauTA aura mA~ kI icchA pUrI kii| rAma kA vanagamana unakI sautelI mAM kaikeyI kI icchApUrti ke lie thaa| lavaNa tathA aMkuza rAma ke dvArA apanI mAM ke niSkAsana ke apamAna ko sahana nahIM kara ske| unhoMne tabhI vizrAma liyA, jabaki rAma se yuddha ho gayA aura rAma ko apanI bhUla svIkAra karanI pdd'ii| yadyapi unake isa kArya kA mA~ ne virodha kiyA thaa| hanumAna ne mahendra para AkramaNa kara diyA kyoMki unhoMne unakI mAM ko apane yahAM zaraNa nahIM dI thI, jabaki usakI sAsa ne galataphahamI ke kAraNa aJjanA ko nikAla diyA thaa| nArI ke caritra ke sAtha capalatA lagI huI hai| sItA yadyapi nirdoSa thI, phirabhI kRtAntavakra dvArA vana meM chor3a die jAne para kahatI haiM ki striyA~ caMcala hotI haiN| isa kAraNa nArI apanI svAbhAvika pravRtti kI dAsI bana jAtI hai| kaikeyI kA bharata ko rAjasiMhAsana dilAne kI mA~ga isI prakAra kI hai| use eka varadAna dene kA vAyadA kiyA gayA thA, jise dazaratha ne rAma tathA lakSmaNa kI sahamati se pUrA kiyaa| kaikeyI ne isake pariNAmoM kA vicAra nahIM kiyaa| bharata ko vaha apane pAsa rakhanA cAhatI thI, vara mAMgakara vaha isameM saphala huii| jaba rAma aura lakSmaNa vana ko cale gae to unakI mAtAoM ko apAra kaSTa huaa| yahAM taka ki kaikeyI ko bhI apanI sautoM kI yAtanA sahana nahIM huii| ataH usane rAma tathA lakSmaNa ko vApisa calane hetu bharata ko bhejA aura svayaM bhI gii| kintu pratijJA, pratijJA thI, vacana, vacana the| ata: rAma kaikeyI ke Agraha para bhI nahIM lautte| vahAM kaikeyI ne apane capala mana aura dUradarzitA kI kamI ke viSaya meM socaa| lAlaca kA doSa bhI nAriyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ratnaprabhA ne dhana ke lAlaca meM apanI putrI ko kisI anya vyakti ko sauMpa diyA, yadyapi usake pati ne use dhanadatta ko de diyA thaa| ahideva aura mahideva kI mA~ apane putroM se javAharAta kI surakSA ke lie unheM viSa
Page #231
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 39 denA cAhatI thii| nArI ke kAmuka caritra ke bhI aneka doSa paumacariu meM prakaTa kie gae saMpUrNa rUpa meM dekhA jAya to nArI ke andara AtmasammAna kI bhAvanA rahI hai| yaha paristhiti tathA sAmAjika sthiti bhI rahI ki vivAhita striyA~ bhI apahRta huI aura unheM apaharaNakartA kI patnI bananA pdd'aa| candrAbhA ko madhu ne usake pati se chalapUrvaka alaga kara diyA aura balAt use apanI patnI banA liyaa| kintu aisA hI eka anya mAmalA Ane para usane madhu ko phttkaaraa| sItA ne rAma ke apakRtya kI bhartsanA kI aura rAma dvArA kSamAyAcanA karane para bhI usane punaH gRhasthAvasthA svIkAra nahIM kI aura saMnyasta jIvana ko svIkAra kiyaa| dhArmika mAmaloM meM gRhastha nArI aura puruSa ko samAna adhikAra aura samAna niyama the| saMdarbha: 1. vairisTara campatarAya jainaH jaina laoN, prastAvanA pR. 13-14 2. vahI pRSTha 17 3. vahI pRSTha 18 4. indranandi saMhitA pR. 49-50 5. vahI pRSTha-51 6. arhannIti-dAyabhAga 25 7. vahI 26 8. vahI 27 9. vahI 32 10. padmacarita 3/152 11. vahI 101/37 12. vahI 73/51-52 13. vahI 64/61 14. vahI 15/24 15. vahI 15/20, 24/5 16. vahI 71/6,3/102 17. vahI 3/118-120 18. vAdirAjasUri : pArzvanAthacarita, SaSThasarga 19. vahI 4/126-139 20. mahAkavi arhaddAsa, purudevacampU 2/65 21. vahI 6/45 22. AcArya jinasena : AdipurANa 38/60 23. vahI 6/83 24. samarAiccakahA 8 pR. 744 25. vahI 8 pRSTha 735-739 26. vahI 2 pR. 87-88, 8 pR. 759 27. vahI 8 pR. 759
Page #232
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 28. vahI 3 pR. 185,7 pR. 673, 613, 8pR. 737-738 29. AdipurANa 7/205, 15/73 30. AdipurANa 15/74 31. bhagavatI sUtra 9/33/384 32. Dr. J. C. Sikdar: Studies in Bhagwati Sutra P.189-191 33. padmacarita 3/51 34. padmacarita aSTama parva meM mandodarI kA dazAnana ke sAtha vivaah| 35. vahI 10/4-10 36. padmacarita 93veM parva meM zrIrAma ko manoramA kanyA kI prApti kA vrnnn| 37. vahI 8/107, 8/101 38. vahI 93/18 39. vahI 6/19 40. uttarAdhyayana sUtra- sukhabodhana patra 141 41. vahI patra 190 42. vahI patra 142 43. muni nathamala : uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pRSTha 428, padmacarita 9/108 44. vahI 24/89 45. vahI 24/90 46. vahI 24/101 47. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, sukhabodhA TIkA patra 148-150 48. padmacarita 28/171 49. vahI 101/60 50. vahI 6/49 51. vahI 101/14,15 52. vahI 101/16 53. AcArya jinasena : harivaMzapurANa 19/56 54. harivaMzapurANa 19/122-123 55. vahI 21/132-33 56. vahI 9/24 57. vahI 8/43 58. vahI 19/56 59. vahI 45/127-135 60. Dr. K. R. Chandra: A critical Study of Paumachariyam P. 350-364 -bijanaura (u.pra.)
Page #233
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina pratimA vijJAna -DaoN. azokakumAra jaina isa bharata kSetra meM paJcama kAla meM sAkSAt tIrthakara tathA arhatoM kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM una arihantoM kI pratimAyeM pratiSThita kara sthApita kI jAtI haiN| TelIvijana Adi vidyutIya mAdhyamoM ke yuga meM sahajatayA isa vijJAna ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| vyakti ke AMtarika bhAva usakI mukhAkRti para A jAte haiN| usa azAMta evaM zAMtamayI mukhAkRti ko dekhakara vyakti ke bhItara tadanurUpa zAMta evaM azAMta bhAva udita hote haiM tathA vaha vyakti tatkAla una bhAvoM kA anubhava bhI karatA hai| krodhI vyakti ko dekhakara krodha ke aura vItarAgI evaM zAMta bhAvayukta mukhAkRti ko dekhakara zAMta eva samatA bhAva udita hote haiN| ataH apane bhItara meM zAMta bhAva ko udita karane ke lie arahaMta vItarAgiyoM kI AkRti vAlI pratimAyeM nirmita kI jAtI haiN| jainadarzana meM sthApanA kA viziSTa sthAna hai| kisI vastu meM apane iSTa kI parikalpanA karanA sthApanA kahI jAtI hai| vaha sthApanA do prakAra kI hotI hai- atadAkAra aura tdaakaar| jo vastu parikalpanA ke anurUpa AkAra nahIM rakhatI aura phira bhI usakA pratinidhitva karatI hai, vaha atadAkAra sthApanA kahI jAtI hai jaise zataraMja kI goTiyoM meM hAthI, ghor3e Adi kI parikalpanA, kAgaja ke Tukar3e meM dhana kI kalpanA, do-tIna raMga ke kapar3e ke Tukar3oM ke jhaNDoM meM viziSTa samAyojana meM deza ke gaurava kI kalpanA, patthara ke Tukar3e meM gA~dhIjI ke vyaktitva kI klpnaa| ukta vastuyeM apane parikalpita iSTa kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| gAMdhI samAdhi, deza ke dhvaja kA sammAna aura apamAna pUre rASTra ke vizuddha vyaktitva aura gaurava kA mAna tathA apamAna hai| dUsarI tadAkAra sthApanA meM vastu kI AkRti sthApita kalpanA ke anurUpa hotI hai, jaise pitA ke citra meM pitA kI sthApanA tathA zAMta mudrAMkita mUrti meM arihaMta kI sthaapnaa| ataH mUrti vijJAna ati prAcIna tathA vaijJAnika hai| dharmopadezapIyUSavarSa zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai- jinabhavana, jinabimba, jinazAstra aura muni, AryikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ina sAta kSetroM meM jo dhana rUpI bIja boyA jAtA hai, vaha apanA hai aisI maiM anumodanA karatA huuN| jinabimba, jinAlaya, jinapratiSThA, dAna, pUjA aura siddhAnta lekhana ye sAta dharma kSetra haiN| jo manuSya bimbA patra kI U~cAI vAle jinabhavana ko aura jau kI U~cAI vAlI jinapratimA ko bhakti se banavAte haiM, unake puNya ko kahane ke lie sarasvatI bhI samartha nahIM hai phira donoM ko karAne vAle manuSya ke puNya kA to kahanA hI kyA hai? vasunandi zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai maNi-kaNaya-rayaNa-ruppaya-pittala- muttaahlovlaaiihiN| paDimAlakkhavihiNA jiNAipaDimA ghddaavijjaa||390||
Page #234
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 maNi, svarNa, ratna, cAMdI, pItala, muktAphala (motI) aura pASANa Adi se pratimA kI lakSaNavidhipUrvaka arahaMta siddha Adi kI pratimA banavAnA caahie| aura bhI likhA hai nirmApya jincaitytdgRhmtthsvaadhyaayshaalaadik| zraddhA zaktyanurUpamasti madRtedharmAnubandhAya yt| hiMsArambhavivartinAM hi gRhiNAM tattAdRgAlambana prAgalbhIlasadAbhimAnakarasaM syAtpuNyacinmAnasam // 2/35 jo bar3e bhArI dharmasAdhana kA hetu hai vaha jinabiMba, jinamaMdira, maTha aura svAdhyAyazAlA Adika apanI ruci aura Arthika zakti ke anusAra banavAnA cAhie, kyoMki hiMsAyukta AraMbha meM phaMse rahane vAle gRhasthoM kA jinapratimAdika tathA jinapratimA ke samAna tIrtha yAtrAdika samyagdarzana kI vizuddhi ke kAraNoM kI praur3hatA ke dvArA zobhAyamAna hai svAbhimAna se paripUrNa harSa jisameM aisA mana puNya ko bar3hAne vAlA hotA hai| isake bhAva ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai- jinapratimA, jinamaMdira Adi dharma ke Ayatana haiN| inake nimitta se navIna dharma kI prApti, prApta dharma kI rakSA aura rakSita dharma kI vRddhi hotI hai, tathA usI se dharma paraMparA calatI hai| AraMbha meM Asakta gRhasthoM ke mana meM ina AyatanoM ke nirmANa ke avalambana se apane jIvana meM eka prakAra kA satkRtya sambandhI gaurava kA anubhava prApta karAne vAlA svAbhimAna rasa se yukta pariNAma hotA hai aura usa pariNAma se puNyabaMdha hotA hai isalie zrAvaka ko bhakti aura zakti ke anusAra jinamaMdira banavAnA caahie| umAsvAmi zrAvakAcAra meM caityAlaya banAne kI vidhi ke sambandha meM likhA hai- ghara meM praveza karate hue zalya-rahita vAma bhAga meM Der3ha hAtha U~cI bhUmi para devatA kA sthAna bnaaveN| yadi gRhastha nIcI bhUmi para sthita devatA kA sthAna banAyegA, to vaha avazya hI saMtAna ke sAtha nicalI-nicalI avasthA ko prApta hotA jaayegaa| ghara ke caityAlaya meM gyAraha aD.gula pramANa vAlA jinabiMba sarva manovAMchita artha kA sAdhaka hotA hai, ataeva isa pramANa se adhika U~cA jinabiMba nahIM banAnA caahie| eka agula pramANa jinabimba zreSTha hotA hai, do agula pramANa kA jinabimba dhana-nAzaka hotA hai, tIna aGgula ke jinabimba banavAne para dhana-dhAnya evaM saMtAna Adi kI vRddhi hotI hai aura ATha agula ke jinabimba hone para dhana dhAnyAdika kI hAni hotI hai| nau aGgula ke jinabiMba hone para putroM kI vRddhi hotI hai aura daza aGgula taka ke jinabiMba ko ghara meM sthApana karane kA zubhAzubha phala rahA hai| ataeva gRhastha ko ghara meM gyAraha agula pramANa vAlA jinabiMba pUjanA caahie| isase adhika pramANa vAlA jinabiMba U~ce zikhara vAle jinamaMdira meM sthApanA karake puujeN| ghara ke caityAlaya ke lie pratimA kASTha, lepa (citrAma) pASANa, svarNa aura cAMdI kI bnvaayeN| gyAraha aGgula se adhika pramANa vAlI pratimA ko ATha prAtihArya Adi parivAra se rahita nahIM pUjanA cAhie arthAt gyAraha agula se bar3I pratimA ko ATha prAtihAryAdi parivAra se saMyukta hI banavAnA cAhie tathA Aja ke samaya meM kASTha, lepa aura lohe kI pratimA nahIM banavAnA caahie| kyoMki inakI banavAI gaI yathokta yogya pratimAoM ke nirmANa kA koI
Page #235
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 43 lAbha nahIM hai aura jIvoM kI utpatti adhika hone se aneka doSoM kI saMbhAvanA hai| ataH jinamaMdira ke dhvajA se rahita hone para pUjana-havana aura japa Adika sarva vilupta ho jAte haiN| jinamaMdira para dhvajArohaNa karanA cAhie jisa jinabimba ko pUjate hue eka sau varSa vyatIta ho gaye haiM aura jisa jinabimba ko uttama puruSoM ne sthApita kiyA hai, vaha jinabiMba yadi aMgahIna hai to bhI pUjya hai, usakA pUjana niSphala nahIM hai| isa viSaya meM pratiSThA zAstroM meM aisA kahA hai- jo jinabiMba zubha lakSaNoM se yukta ho, zilpizAstra meM pratipAdita nApa-taula vAlA ho, aMga aura upAMga se sahita ho aura pratiSThita ho, vaha yathAyogya pUjanIya hai kintu jo jinabimba nAsA, mukha, netra, hRdaya aura nAbhimaNDala itane sthAnoM para yadi aMgahIna ho to vaha pratimA nahIM pUjanI caahie| yadi koI pratimA prAcIna ho aura atizaya saMyukta ho, to vaha aMgahIna bhI pUjanI cAhie kintu zira hIna pratimA pUjya nahIM hai use nadI-samudrAdika meM visarjita kara denA caahie| pratimA svarUpa- jayasena pratiSThA-pATha meM pratimA ke svarUpa ke saMbandha meM likhA hai saMsthAna-sundara manohara rUpamUrdhva prAlaMbitaM hyavasanaM kamalAsanaM c| nAnyAsanena parikalpimIzabiMbamovidhau prthitmaarymtiprpnnaiH| vRddhatva-bAlyarahitAMgamupetazAntiM zrIvRkSabhUSihRdayaM nkhkeshhiinN| saddhAtucitradRSadAM samasUtrabhAgaM vairAgyabhUSitaguNaM tpsiprshktm|| sAMgopAMga, sundara, manohara, kAyotsarga athavA padmAsana, digambara, yuvAvasthA, zAntibhAvayukta, hRdaya para zrIvatsa cihna sahita,nakha kezahIna, pASANa yA anya dhAtu dvArA racita, samacaturasrasaMsthAna evaM vairAgyamaya pratimA pUjya hotI hai| ukta lakSaNoM meM arhanta pratimA ke aSTa prAtihArya aura tIrthakara kA cihna honA caahie| siddhapratimA pratiSThita karAnA ho to arhanta pratimA ke samAna hI sAMgopAMga honA caahie| kevala prAtihArya aura cihna na hokara usake nIce siddha pratimA khudavA denA caahie| yathA siddhezvarANAM pratimApi yojyaa| satprAtihAryAdi vinA tthaiv|| pratimA nAsAgradRSTi aura krUratAdi 12 doSoM (raudra, kRzAGga, saMkSiptAMga, cipiTa nAsA, virUpaka netrahIna mukha, mahodara, mahAhRdaya, mahAaMza, mApakaTI, hIna jaMghA, zuSka jaMghA) se rahita honI caahie| padmAsana pratimA- isakA mApa 5 aMgula hotA hai| baiThI pratimA ke donoM ke ghuTane kA sUtra kA mAna, dAhine ghuTane se bAyeM kandhe taka aura bAyeM ghuTane ke dAhine kaMdhe taka donoM tirache sUtroM kA mAna tathA sIdhe meM nIce meM Upara ke zAnta bhAga taka lambe sUtra kA mAna ye cAroM bhAga samAna honA caahie| 13"+13"+13"+13"=52 donoM hAtha kI aMgulI ke aura peTa kA antara 4 bhAga rkheN| kohanI ke pAsa 2 bhAga kA udara se antara aura poMcI se kohanI taka zobhAnusAra hAnirUpa rkheN| nAbhi se liMga 8 bhAga nIcA, 5 bhAga laMbA banAye tathA liMga ke mukha ke nIce se abhiSeka ke jala kA nikAsa donoM pairoM ke nIce se caraNa caukI ke Upara kreN|
Page #236
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 pratimA banAne ke jo-jo lakSaNa zilpizAstroM meM varNana kiye gaye haiM unase yukta aMga, upAMga sahita tathA zAstrAnusAra pratiSThita kiye hue jo jinabimba (jinapratimA) haiM ve pUjana yogya haiN| yadi koI jinabimba khaNDita arthAt kisI aMga se rahita ho jAye parantu yadi vaha atyanta jIrNa (prAcIna) hai athavA kisI prakAra ke atizaya se yukta hai to vaha pUjanIya hai parantu jo pratimA mastaka rahita hai aura vaha prAcIna tathA atizaya yukta bhI hai to pUjanIya nahIM hai| aisI pratimAoM ko mandirAdi meM na rakhakara nadI, samudrAdi jahA~ kahIM bahuta gaharA jala ho vahAM nikSepita (pravAhita) kara denA caahie| pratimAdarzana puNya prApti meM kAraNa dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai ki koI yaha kahe ki are! ye pratimA to acetana (jar3a) hai kyA inake pUjana se jIvoM ko puNya kA bandha hogA? to una logoM ko samajhAnA cAhie ki zAnta (vItarAgasvarUpa) nizcala virAjamAna tathA mokSa ke svarUpa ko batAne vAlI jinapratimA ko dekhakara jIvoM kA jo zAMta pariNAma hotA hai vaha pariNAma puNya ke lie kAraNa hotA hai| pUrvakAla meM jitane bhavyAtmA siddha hue haiM aura Age siddha hoMge tathA vartamAna meM hone vAle haiM ve saba isI sthiti se hue haiM, hoMge tathA hone vAle haiM aisA jo AtmA kA pariNAma hotA hai vahI puNya kA utpAdaka hotA hai| isa apAra saMsAra meM ina pratimAoM ke samAna parigraha chor3akara kisa samaya zAnta svabhAva vAlA, sthirAsana tathA mokSa ho jAne yogya maiM hoU~gA yaha jo AtmA meM saMkalpa honA hai vahI puNya prApti kA kAraNa hai| ina kAraNoM se pratimA kA pUjanA puNya kA hetu hai isalie zrAvaka logoM ko bhaktipUrvaka akRtrima (anAdikAla se calI AI) tathA kRtrima (zAstrAnusAra zilpikAroM se nirmANa karAkara pratiSThA kI huI) pratimAyeM niraMtara pUjanI cAhie kyoMki ina pratimAoM meM sAkSAjjina bhagavAn ke guNoM kA saMkalpa (nikSepa) hotA hai| isalie jisane jinapratimAoM kI pUjA kI hai samajhanA cAhie ki usane sAkSAjjina bhagavAn kI pUjA kI hai| ___ 'praznottara zrAvakAcAra' meM likhA hai ki zrI jinendradeva kA bhakta jo bhavyapuruSa jinabimboM kA nirmANa karatA hai vaha nityapUjA Adi ke saMbandha meM aparimita puNya ko prApta karatA hai, usake puNya ko koI jAna bhI nahIM sktaa| jo puruSa mahApuNya ko dene vAlI bhagavAn kI pUjA pratidina karatA hai, usake lie indrapada athavA cakravartI kA pada kucha kaThina nahIM hai| vidvAn loga jaba taka usa pratimA kI pUjA karate rahate haiM taba taka usake nirmANa karane vAle kartA ko puNya kI prApti hotI rahatI hai| aura bhI likhA hai yasya gehe jinendrasya bimbaM na syaacchubhprdm| pakSigRhasamaM tasya gehaM syaadtipaapdm|| 185 jisake ghara meM puNya upArjana karane vAlI bhagavAn jinendradeva kI pratimA nahIM hai usakA ghara pakSiyoM ke ghoMsale ke samAna hai aura vaha atyanta pApa utpanna karane vAlA hai| ve loga tInoM lokoM meM dhanya haiM jo kevala dharma pAlana karane ke lie bhagavAn kI pUjA karate haiM, unakI stuti karate haiM aura jinabhavana athavA jinabimboM kA nirmANa karAte haiN| jo bhavyapuruSa caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI uttama pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAtA hai vaha svarga
Page #237
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 45 ke rAjya ko evaM manuSya loka ke rAjya ko pAkara anta meM mokSa kA sAmrAjya prApta kara letA jo bhavyapuruSa svarNa kI, cAMdI kI, ratnoM kI athavA pASANAdi kI uttama jina pratimA banavAtA hai usake dharma aura sukha dene vAlI lakSmI prApta hotI hai| gRhasthoM kA bimba pratiSThA ke samAna aura koI dharma nahIM hai kyoMki bimba pratiSThA meM aneka jIvoM kA upakAra hotA hai aura dharma rUpI mahAsAgara kI vRddhi hotI hai| jo bhavya jIva bimba pratiSThA karAtA hai vaha zreSTha dharma kI vRddhi kA kAraNa hotA hai isalie vaha indra aura cakravartI ke sukha bhogakara anta meM mokSarUpa mahAvRddhi ko prApta karatA hai| jo buddhimAna zrI jinendradeva kI uttama pratiSThA karate haiM ve tIrthakara kA parama pada pAkara muktirUpI lalanA kA sevana karate haiN| pratiSThA meM jitanI pratimAoM kI pratiSThA hotI hai aura unakI jabataka nityapUjA Adi hotI rahatI hai taba taka unake kartAoM ko dharma kI prApti rahatI hai| jo bhavya jIva pratiSThA karAte haiM ve deva, vidyAdhara sabake dvArA pUjya hote haiM, stuti aura vaMdanA ke yogya hote haiM aura isa loka tathA paraloka donoM lokoM meM mahAsAgara ke samAna mahA sukha ko prApta hote haiN| bahuta kahane se kyA manuSya pratiSThA karAtA hai, saMsAra meM usI kA janma saphala hai kyoMki pratiSThA dharma, artha aura sukha dene vAlI hai| AcArya vasunandi likhate haiM jiNapaDimaI kArAviyaI saMsArahaM uttaaru| gamaNaTThiyaha taraMDau vi aha va Na pAvai paaru| 11/112 bhavaNaiM kArAviyaiM labbhai saggi vimaannu| aha TikkaI ArAhaNai hoi samIhii tthaannu|| 11/113 jinapratimA pratiSThita karAne se jIva saMsAra ke pAra utaratA hai athavA gamana meM udyata puruSoM ko jahAja kyA pAra nahIM pahuMcAtA hai? pahuMcAtA hI hai| jinabhavana ko banavAne se manuSyoM ko svarga meM vimAna prApta hotA hai tathA jinabhavana kI ToMka (chApa) aura ArAma (palastara) karane se samIhita sthAna kI prApti hotI hai| mUrti-mUrtimAna kA dizA saMketa karatI hai| mUrti kisI vyakti kI ruci kA mApadaNDa hai jaisI ruci, saMskAra aura lakSya hotA hai, vaha usake anurUpa devAlaya meM (maMdira) mUrti kisI ke darzanArtha jAtA hai aura vahAM usa mUrti meM mUrtimAna kI bhAvanA karake usakI stuti aura pUjA karatA hai| stuti, pUjA dvArA mandira ke paramAtmA ko jAgRta yA prasanna nahIM karate haiM varan apane paramAtmA ko jAgRta aura prasanna karate haiM jo aMtara meM vidyamAna haiN| vastutaH mUrti ke mAdhyama se apane paramAtmA kI hI stuti pUjA kI jAtI hai| merA paramAtmA maiM hI huuN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne likhA hai yaH paramAtmA sa evA'haM, yo'haM saH prmsttH| ahameva mayopAsyaH nAnyaH kazciditi sthitiH|| jo paramAtmA hai vaha maiM hI huuN| jo maiM hU~ vahI paramAtmA hai| maiM apane dvArA hI upAsya hU~ arthAt mujhe apane Apa apanI upAsanA karanI hai| isake sivAya aura koI upAya nahIM
Page #238
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 46 hai| anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 mUrtipUjA guNoM kI pUjA hai, mUrti ke mAdhyama se pUjita paramAtmA ke guNoM kA smaraNa vyakti ko guNoM kI nirmalatA pradAna karatA hai| nirmalatA se pariNAma - vizuddhi hotI hai aura pariNAma vizuddhi hI cAritra mArga kI jananI hai cAritra se mokSa siddhi hotI hai| vastutaH mUrti ke dvArA mUrtimAna ke guNoM kI pUjA jaina mUrtipUjA kA uddezya hai, na to yaha jar3a pASANa kI pUjA hai aura na isase laukika kAmanA kI jAtI hai balki yaha mUrti ke mAdhyama se bhakta ko bhAvanA meM paramAtmA ko virAjamAna karane para bala detA hai| bhAvanA meM paramAtmA ho to samasta kAmanAyeM niHzeSa ho jAtI haiN| saMsAra meM mUrtipUjA kA yaha Adarza jainadharma ke atirikta kisI ne upasthita nahIM kiyA pratidina hama par3hate haiM pazyanti jinaM bhaktyA pUjayanti stuvanti ye / te dRzyAzca pUjyAzca stutyAzca bhuvanatraye // jo jinendradeva kA bhaktipUrvaka darzana-pUjA evaM stavana Adi karate haiM ve tInoM lokoM meM darzanIya, pUjanIya evaM stutya ho jAte haiN| jaina bauddha darzana vibhAga saMskRtavidyA dharma vijJAna saMkAya kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI (u.pra.) jinavacanoM kI mahimA jiNavayaNamosahamiNaM visayasuhavireyaNaM amidabhUyaM / jara maraNa - vAhiharaNaM khayakaraNaM savvadukkhANaM // 17 // daMsaNa pAhuDa arthAt yaha jinavacana rUpI auSadhi viSayasukha ko dUra karane vAlI hai, amRta rUpa hai, jarA aura maraNa kI vyAdhi ko harane vAlI hai tathA saba dukhoM kA kSaya karane vAlI hai| sarvajJa vItarAga kI vANI ko AcArya ne auSadhi kI upamA dI hai| jisa prakAra uttama auSadhi zarIra ke bhItara vidyamAna mala kA virecana kara vyAdhi ko dUra karatI hai tathA manuSya ke asAmayika maraNa ko dUra karatI hai usI prakAra jinavANI rUpI auSadhi manuSya kI AtmA meM vidyamAna paMcendriyoM ke viSayasukha kA virecana karane vAlI hai, amRtarUpa hai bur3hApA aura maraNa rUpI roga ko harane vAlI hai evaM zArIrika, mAnasika aura Agantuka duHkhoM kA kSaya karane vAlI hai|
Page #239
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hAr3autI kI jaina mUrtikalA paraMparA -lalita zarmA madhyayuga meM hAr3A rAjapUta zAsakoM ke prAdhAnya ke kAraNa rAjasthAna kA dakSiNI pUrvI bhU-bhAga hAr3autI kahalAtA thA, yadyapi vartamAna meM isa kSetra ko prazAsanika dRSTi se hAr3autI saMbhAga kahA jAtA hai aura isameM bUMdI, bArAM, koTA, jhAlAvAr3a jile Ate haiN| yaha bhU-bhAga pUrva madhyayuga se hI jainadharma evaM saMskRti kA eka pramukha kendra rahA hai| isa avadhi meM yahA~ niraMtara aneka tIrthakaroM kI sundara mUrtiyoM se yukta mandiroM kA nirmANa hotA rahA, parantu inakA zodha kI dRSTi se Ajataka vivecana nahIM ho paayaa| yadyapi isa bhU-bhAga meM Aja bhI aneka jaina maMdira kalAtmaka dRSTi se na kevala sundara haiM apitu unameM sthApita tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ hamAre deza kI amUlya sAMskRtika evaM kalAtmaka dharohara haiN| jJAtavya hai ki vigata do dazakoM meM isa bhU-bhAga meM khoja evaM utkhanana ke daurAna aneka durlabha jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta huI thIM jo Aja bhI koTA evaM jhAlAvAr3a ke zAsakIya purAtattva saMgrahAlayoM meM darzita haiN| ina sabhI ke adhyayana se isa kSetra meM jainadharma kI prAcInatA evaM prabhAva pramANita hotA hai| koTA kSetra meM koTA, aTaru, zeragar3ha, rAmagar3ha, bArAM, bUMdI, nainavA, kezavarAyapATana sahita jhAlAvAr3a jile kSetra ke pacapahAr3a, raMgapATana, jhAlarApATana, gAgarona, akalerA, cA~dakher3I, nAgezvara pArzvanAtha Adi isa saMbhAga ke aise kSetra haiM jahA~ se jainadharma kI amUlya purAsAmagrI milI hai, parantu inakA paricayAtmaka kalA sarvekSaNa na hone se yaha vipula dharohara bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke itihAsa meM Aja bhI ajJAta aura aprakAzita hai| kSetra meM jainadharma kA ukta dRSTi se adhyayana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ 8vIM sadI se 17vIM sadI ke madhya jaina saMskRti khUba puSpita evaM pallavita huii| isameM 11vIM se 13vIM sadI ke madhya kA yuga to jainamUrti evaM sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se svarNima kAla samajhA jAtA hai| ina kAloM meM evaM isake bAda ke kAloM meM deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke jaina AcAryoM, zrAvakoM-zrAvikAoM evaM zreSThI vargoM ne isa kSetra kI jaina saMskRti, kalA ko vikasita kara pratiSThita karane meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA tathA tatkAlIna zAsakoM kI udAra pravRtti ke kAraNa bhI yahA~ jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huaa| ina zAsakoM ne jaina dharma ko vikasita karane meM sadaiva dhArmika sahiSNutA tathA sahRdayatA kA paricaya diyaa| jaina maMdiroM kI nirantara pragati meM jaina muniyoM kA bhI yApta yogadAna rahA, jinhoMne isa kSetra ke vibhinna bhAgoM ke jaina mandiroM meM tIrthakaroM aura jainamatIya yakSa-yakSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita krvaaii| ukta yuga kI aneka kalAtmaka jaina mUrtiyA~ rAjakIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya koTA meM saMrakSita haiN| yaha mUrtiyA~ isa sAkSya kI prabala pramANa haiM ki yahA~ jainadharma kA prabhAva kAphI vikasita thaa| ina mUrtiyoM ke adhyayana karane para inameM sabase bar3I viziSTatA yaha dikhAI
Page #240
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 detI hai ki inameM jainadarzana ke saundaryabhAva tathA abhivyakti sahita bhadratA, saralatA aura AdhyAtmikatA kA adbhuta darzana dekhane ko milatA hai| koTA ke ukta saMgrahAlaya meM saMgrahita ye jaina mUrtiyA~ bArAM, kAkUnI, rAmagar3ha, aTaru, vilAsagar3ha tathA cecaTa sthAnoM se prApta huI haiN| ye mUrtiyA~ prAyaH dhyAnAvasthA evaM kAryotsarga mudrA meM prazAMtamukha evaM AjAnabAhu rUpa meM utkIrNa haiN| inakA kalAtmaka vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai___bUMdI jile kI kezavarAyapATana nagarI ke eka TIle para prAcIna jaina maMdira hai| isameM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI vibhinna yugoM kI kaI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita evaM supUjya haiN| ina mUrtiyoM meM sabase prAcIna tIrthakara kI eka mUrti 8 iMca U~cI hai jo zyAmavarNIya hai| isa mUrti kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake pAdapITha para isakI nirmANa tithi jyeSTha vadI 3 saMvat 664 (san 607 I0) aMkita hai| isa AdhAra para isa tIrthakara jaina mUrti ko rAjasthAna pradeza kI prAcInatama mUrtiyoM evaM abhilekhI sAkSya ke rUpa meM prAcIna mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ kI anya jaina tIrthakara mUrtiyoM para vikrama saMvat 1321 se vi0saM0 2032 taka ke lekha aMkita haiM jinase spaSTa rUpa se yaha patA calatA hai ki IsA kI 7vIM sadI se lekara vartamAna sadI taka isa bhU-bhAga meM anavarata rupa se jainadharma ne sAMskRtika, dhArmika rUpa meM pragati kI hai| rAjasthAna ke khyAti prApta purAtattvavettA zrI satya prakAza zrIvAstava (sampratiH variSTha adhIkSaka-kalA sarvekSaNa-nidezAlaya purAtattva evaM saMgrahAlaya, rAjasthAna sarakAra, jayapura) kI zodha ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai ki koTA ke rAjakIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 103 para darja 52x31" mApa kI bArAM se avApta rakta pASANa para utkIrNa eka chatrayukta tIrthakara mahAvIra svAmI kI 9vIM sadI kI mUrti padmAsanAvasthA evaM baddhapadmAMjalI mudrA meM pradarzita hai| isa mUrti ke parikara meM bAyeM-dAyeM mAlAdhArI gaMdharvo sahita caMvaradhArI sevakoM, yakSa-yakSiNiyoM tathA Asanastha zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA cittAkarSaNa aMkana kalA kI dRSTi se upayogI hai| mukhyataH isa mUrti se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha kSetra 9vIM sadI se hI jainadharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM ubharakara zramaNa saMskRti kA kendra bana gayA thaa| zrIvAstava ke anusAra isa kSetra ke jainAcArya padmanandI ne ukta kAla meM 'jambUdIpa paNNatti' nAmaka jaina grantha kA kuzala saMpAdana kara isa kSetra ko gauravAnvita kiyA thaa| isI paramparA meM mUlasaMgha ke 23veM bhaTTAraka mAghacandra dvitIya ne saMvat 1083 meM apanI pITha avantikA (ujjaina) se bArAM meM sthAnAMtarita kara sthApita kI thii| isa Azaya kA bhI pramANa milatA hai ki bArAM bhU-bhAga ko lagabhaga 10 mahAn bhaTTArakoM ke isa gaddI para virAjane kA garva prApta hai| saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 469 para bArAM kSetra ke vilAsagar3ha se prApta 47"x9" mApa kI 9vIM-10vIM sadI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI rakta pASANa meM utkIrNa eka jaina tIrthakara kI mUrti AjAnabAhu evaM kAryotsarga mudrA kI avasthA meM hai| isake chatra para gaja yugala ko ghaTAbhiSeka karate hue darzAyA hai| mUrti parikara meM mAlAdhArI gaMdharva tathA pairoM ke nikaTa caMvaradhArI sevakoM kA aMkana cittAkarSaka hai| mUrti ke nIce kI eka rathikA meM arddhasukhAsana pIThikA para sthApita yakSa kI mUrti ke eka hAtha meM bijaurA tathA dUsarA hAtha abhayamudrA
Page #241
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 meM hai| yakSa kI yaha laghumUrti AkarSaka keza vinyAsa tathA aneka AbhUSaNoM se yukta hai| vilAsagar3ha dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ kaI prAcIna jaina maMdiroM ke avazeSa haiM, jinase jJAta hotA hai ki yahA~ jainadharma lokapriyatA ke rUpa meM prasArita thaa| 1218 I0 meM racita 'jinadatta caritra' kI prazasti meM aisA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai ki lakSmaNa nAmaka eka vyakti tribhuvana girI (tahanagar3ha) kA vAsI thA, vaha muslima AkramaNoM ke bhaya se usa sthAna ko chor3akara vilAsagar3ha A gayA thaa| yahA~ jisa zrIdhara zrAvaka ne use Azraya diyA usI kI preraNA se usane 'jinadatta caritra' graMtha kI racanA ukta san meM kii| saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita kAkUnI se avApta jainadharma ke prathama tIrthakara AdinAtha svAmI (RSabhadeva) kI 133x68 semI. mApa kI rakta pASANa se nirmita eka bhavya sthAnaka mUrti hai| isa mUrti ke parikara meM cAra anya tIrthakaroM kI padmAsana evaM baddhapadmAMjali mudrA meM aMkana hai| jabaki donoM ora eka-eka tribhaMga mudrA meM padmahastA nArI kA aMkana hai| ina nAriyoM ke AkarSaka kezoM kA vinyAsa evaM zarIra para dhArita AbhUSaNa jaina mUrti kalA ke sarvocca kalAtmaka bhAvoM ke pramANa mAne jA sakate haiN| ina nAriyoM ne apanA eka-eka hAtha uru bhAga para rakhA huA hai| inake nIce bAyIM ora arddhasukhAsana meM caturbhuja gaumukhI yakSa tathA dAI ora cakrezvarI zAsana devI ke tIna hAthoM meM se eka cakra aura eka meM bijore phala kA spaSTa aMkana dRSTavya hai| isakI pIThikA para cihna rUpa meM vRSabha kI upalabdhatA mahattvapUrNa mAnI jA sakatI hai| jaina mUrtikalA sambandhI pratIkoM ke koNa se ina tIrthaMkara kI anyAnya pahacAna ke cihnoM meM inake keza kandhoM taka Ate hue ukere gae haiN| kucheka mUrti vizeSajJoM kA aisA bhI kathana hai ki tapazcaryA ke pazcAt indra ne unheM sabhI kezoM kA luMcana nahIM karane diyA thaa| isa kAraNa inheM pAtarazanA muni aura tathAkezI bhI kahA gyaa| tIrthakaroM meM prathama hone ke kAraNa ye AdinAtha bhI kahe jAte haiN| yaha mUrti saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 622 para pradarzita hai| saMgrahAlaya meM isI krama kI eka anya RSabhanAtha kI mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA meM pradarzita hai jo tIna laTakatI keza vallariyoM se suzobhita hai| isakI pIThikA para do vRSabhoM kA aMkana hai| yaha mUrti bhI kAkUnI se prApta huI hai jo 12vIM sadI kI hai| 182x80 semI. mApa vAlI isa bhavya mUrti meM mUlanAyaka sahita 108 laghu jina AkRtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| jo padmAsana tathA baddhapadmAMjali mudrA meM haiN| mUrti ke zIrSa bhAga para mRdaMga vAdaka ke donoM ora gajoM kI alaMkRta AkRtiyA~ haiN| unake ThIka nIce ur3IyamAna mAlAdhArI kA aMkana hai| nIce kI ora dakSiNa aura vAma pArzva meM caMvaradhArI AkRtiyA~ sthAnakAvasthA meM utkIrNa haiN| mUrti kI pIThikA ke dakSiNa bhAga meM yakSa sarvAnubhUti evaM vAmAdha meM yakSI ambikA kA takSaNa hai| yaha mUrti saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 624 para pradarzita hai| saMgrahAlaya meM surakSita evaM saMkhyAMka 620 para pradarzita eka jainamUrti tIrthakara svAmI ajitanAtha kI hai| kAkUnI se avApta rakta pASANa nirmita yaha mUrti 136x68 semI. mApa vAlI hai| 12vIM sadI kI isa suMdara mUrti meM tIrthakara ajitanAtha ko eka caityavRkSa ke nIce kAryotsarga mudrA meM darzAyA gayA hai, jo bar3I bhAvapUrNa tapasAdhanA kA anupameya aMkana hai| mUrti
Page #242
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 kI pIThikA para dharmacakra ke nIce gaja kA aMkana hai| yadyapi mUrti ke donoM hAtha aura skandhoM ke bhAga bhagna haiM, parantu isake bAda bhI isakA kalAtmaka nirmANa bhAva kama nahIM AMkA jA sakatA hai| mUrti ke Urdhva parikara bhAga kI prathama paMkti ke avalokana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki isake mukhya tAka meM mUlanAyaka ke lAMchana cihna gaja kA aMkana hai tathA isa cihna ke donoM ora eka-eka jinamUrti dhyAnAvasthA meM utkIrNa hai| inake donoM ora ur3IyamAna mAlAdhAra kI mUrtiyA~ ukarI huI haiN| parikara bhAga kI dvitIya paMkti kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki isake madhya meM mRdaMga vAdaka tathA usake dAyeM-bAyeM gajoM kA aMkana hai| ina gajoM ke bhI dAyeM-bAyeM choroM para eka ora jhallarI vAdaka tathA dUsarI ora zaMkhanAda karate eka puruSAkRti dikhAI detI hai| mUlanAyaka ke zIrSabhAga ke donoM choroM para apratiyakA tathA kamalahastA mahAvidyA deviyoM kA aMkana hai| inake dAyeM-bAyeM do kAryotsarga mudrA kI jinamUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| tIrthakara ajitanAtha kI pIThikA para cAmaradhArI ke nIce dvihastA yakSa-yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI dikhAI detI haiN| saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 5 para pradarzita aTaru se prApta tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti 130x77 semI. mApa kI hai jo ati bhavya hai| 10vIM sadI kI isa mUrti meM mUlanAyaka kAryotsarga mudrA meM haiM tathA isameM sarpa kI kuNDaliyoM ko caraNoM taka ukerA gayA hai| zIza para sapta sarpaphaNoM kI chatra chAyA hai| chatra ke UparI parikara bhAga meM bhagna mRdaMga vAdaka evaM usake donoM ora gajarohI kA aMkana hai| isake AsapAsa mAlAdhAra haiN| mUlanAyaka ke saptasarpa phaNarUpI chatravalI ke dAyIM tathA bAyIM ora tAka bane hue haiM jinameM dhyAnAvasthA kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| jabaki Asana ke nikaTa bhagna caMvaradhArI evaM saptasarpaphaNoM se yukta strI-puruSa kA aMkana hai| isI krama meM ukta sthala se eka anya tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti pradarzita hai| 50x85 semI. mApa kI yaha mUrti dhyAnAvasthA meM hai| isake zISa para chatrarupI saptasarpa phaNAvaliyA~ haiN| parikara meM bhI Upara kI ora chatra tathA usake donoM ora gajoM kA aMkana hai| mUlanAyaka kI pIThikA para isake nirmANa kA saMvat 1188 paThana meM AtA hai| isake donoM ora caMvaradhArI puruSAkRtiyA~ haiM, sAtha hI eka-eka dhyAnastha jina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| pIThikA ke madhya meM sarasvatI samAna koI devI (saMbhavataH zAMtidevI) tathA dAyIM ora gaja va bAyIM ora siMha kA aMkana hai| pIThikA para 4 paMktiyoM kA nimna prakAra se eka lekha paThana meM AtA hai : "rInavajhadevanAUsaTa t|| 88 ASAr3havadi // kA aDAlAna peravagratina sA lamanadayArane:palyazra // " tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI bArAM jile ke rAmagar3ha sthala se avApta eka 9vIM sadI kI 21x16 semI. nApa kI rakta pASANa nirmita mUrti AjAnabAhu (jisa vyakti, mahApuruSa ke
Page #243
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 51 donoM hAtha ghuTanoM taka lambavata hoM) rUpa meM pradarzita hai| mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora do caMvaradhArI sevaka sthAnaka mudrA meM haiM jabaki pAda pIThikA para siMhAkRtiyoM sahita sudarzana cakra kA aMkana hai| jJAtavya hai ki rAmagar3ha nAmaka yaha sthala jainadharma ke bhedavaMzIya zAsakoM ke kAla meM khUba phlaa-phuulaa| yahA~ 11vIM se 13vIM zatI I kI jaina tIrthakara mUrtiyA~ bahutAyata meM milI haiM jo isa bhU-bhAga meM prAcIna jaina mandiroM ke vizAla astitva evaM unake vikasita prabhAva kI spaSTataH sUcaka mAnI jA sakatI haiN| isI krama meM aTaru se prApta 9vIM sadI kI ukta saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita 5231 semI. nApa kI eka aura mUrti tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI ullekhanIya hai| isameM mUla nAyaka ke chatra rUpa meM paramparAgata sarpa phaNAvaliyA~ haiM jabaki mUlanAyaka sthAnaka avasthA meM hai| kucita keza evaM zrIvatsa ke cihna se yukta isa mUrti ke donoM ora chatra ke nikaTa gavAkSa meM anya tIrthaMkaroM kA aMkana hai jinakI mudrA padmAvasthA evaM baddhapadmAMjali meM hai| isa mUrti ke parikara meM caMvaradhArI sevaka, mAlAdhArI gandharva, gaja zArdUla sahita tribhaMga mudrA meM padmahastA nara-nAriyoM kA AkarSaka aMkana hai| nIce dAyIM ora arddhasukhAsana meM bijorA phala lie yakSa tathA bAyIM ora apanI goda meM eka zizu ko lie mAtRkA zizumati yakSaNI kA anupama dRSTavya haiN| ye sabhI mAnanIya rUpoM kI mUrtiyA~ AkarSaka kezavinyAsa tathA vibhinna AbhUSaNoM se susajjita haiN| bArAM jile kA purAsthala zeragar3ha prAcIna kAla meM koSavardhana nAma se itihAsa meM vikhyAta rahA hai| yahA~ ke sAkSyoM se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yahA~ prAcIna kAla se jainadharma kA jo prabhAva rahA vaha Aja bhI jIvanta hai| koTA ke saMgrahAlaya meM yahA~ ke 1105 I. ke eka saMrakSita abhilekha kA adhyayana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tIrthakara neminAtha kA mahotsava yahA~ naye caitya meM manAyA gayA thaa| isa samAroha kA saMcAlana vIrasena ne kiyA thaa| yahA~ ke eka anya 1191 ke zilAlekha meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki khaNDelavAla zreSThi zAMti ke putroM dvArA ratnatraya (tIrthakara zAMtinAtha-kuMthunAtha-aranAtha) kI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA tathA apane putra, mAtA-pitA, sage-sambandhiyoM evaM koSavardhana (vartamAna zeragar3ha) ke goSThiyoM ke saMgha meM inake pratiSThA samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isI krama meM eka anya prabhAvotpAdaka mUrti sarvatobhadra kI hai| kuMcita keza yukta yaha mUrti 11x38 semI. mApa kI tathA 9vIM sadI kI hai| rakta pASANa para nirmita isa mUrti meM jaina tIrthakara cAroM dizAoM meM dekhate hue atyanta suramya mudrA meM khar3e haiN| tIrthakaroM kI lambavat laTakatI kAnoM kI lobeM, ghuTane ke nIce jAtI bhujAe~ (jinakI uMgaliyA~ vizeSa mudrA meM haiM) mUrtikalA kI mahAnatA kI dyotaka mAnI jA sakatI haiN| pratIta hotA hai jainadharma ke samavasaraNa bhAvoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara yaha mUrti nirmita kI gaI hogii| sarvatobhadra kI aisI mUrtiyoM kA aMkana 7vIM-8vIM sadI se prArambha huA mAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma meM isa mUrti ko sabhI ora se maMgalakArI mAnA jAtA hai| saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 625 para pradarzita kAkUnI se avApta 12vIM sadI kI 122x80 semI. mApa kI rakta pASANa mUrti tIrthakara zAMtinAtha kI hai jo kAryotsarga mudrA meM sthAnakAvasthA meM haiN| mUrti ke parikara bhAga meM Asanastha upAsaka, gaja zArdUla sahita
Page #244
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 52 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ tathA caMvaradhArI suMdariyoM kA aMkana hai| mUrti kI pIThikA para utkIrNa laghu mUrtiyoM meM hAtha jor3e zrAvaka, arddhasukhAsana meM caturbhujI yakSa-yakSiNI tathA madhya kI rathikA meM hiraNa yugala kA AkarSaka premAlApa yukta aMkana hai| jJAtavya hai ki bArAM jile ke sArathala kasbe kI paravana nAmaka nadI ke taTa para sthita prAcIna kAkUnI apane anupameya sthApatya, kalA, vAstu tathA mUrtikalA ke liye atyanta prasiddha rahA hai| isa kSetra kI jaina mUrtikalA meM bhavyatA ke sAtha-sAtha sUkSmatA kA anUThA saMgama dekhane ko milatA hai| yaha pUrA kSetra pUrva meM paramAroM, pratihAroM tathA cauhAna zAsakoM ke AdhIna rahA hai| isI sthala se jainadharma kI kucha anya viziSTa mUrtiyA~ saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita haiM jo lagabhaga 11vIM-12vIM sadI kI jaina mUrtikalA kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| adhyayana ke AdhAra para inakA paricaya isa prakAra saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 592 para pradarSita 120x61 semI. mApa kI jaina padmAvatI devI kI mUrti atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| mUlataH isa devI ko tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI yakSI aura yakSa dhAraNendra kI ardhAMginI mAnA jAtA hai| saptasarpachatra evaM AkarSaka jUr3e yukta anUThe keza vinyAsa ke prabhAva maNDala meM SaTbhujI devI padmAvatI apanI grIvA, kaTi pradeza tathA bhujAoM ke aneka sundara AbhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye haiN| ye AbhUSaNa galasaTI, hAra, haMsalI va muktamAla ke rUpa meM dikhAI dete haiN| devI ke kAnoM meM kuNDala aura oganI (jo kAna ke UparI lola meM) bhujAoM meM bAjubandhA TaDDA, kaTi meM karadhanI tathA pAvoM meM pAyala kA aMkana hai| mUrti ke zIrSa bhAga para caityavRkSa kA aMkana hai jisake nIce dhyAna mudrA meM Asanastha tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha (jinake lAMchana cihna rUpa meM azva haiM) kA aMkana hai| inake kucha nIce donoM choroM para dhyAnastha evaM padmAsana evaM baddhapadmAMjali mudrA kI pA~ca aura sapta sarpachatradhArI tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI do mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| padmAvatI kI isa mUrti kI pIThikA para do paMktiyoM kA eka bhagna lekha hai kintu usakA saMvat 1156 mAtra hI paThana meM A pAyA hai| saMgrahAlaya ke kramAMka 621 para pradarzita 125x65 semI. mApa kI rakta pASANa para banI tIrthakara vimalanAtha kI mUrti 12vIM sadI kI hai| isameM mUlanAyaka kAryotsarga mudrA meM sthAnakAvasthA meM hai| kamala patroM se susajjita parikara meM donoM ora kI rathikA meM Asanastha eka-eka puruSa aura nArI kI caturbhujI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| parikara ke sarvopari bhAga meM kucha upAsakoM ko ghaTAbhiSeka karate utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai jo atyanta kalAtmaka hai| pAcoM ke samIpa donoM ora tIna-tIna paricArakoM kA aMkana hai, jinameM se madhya kI eka nArI kA jaMghA para hAtha rakhe hue cittAkarSaka aMkana hai| mUlanAyaka kI pAda pIThikA ke madhya meM mAlAdhArI gaMdharvo ke madhya sudarzana cakra aura usake nIce zUkara kA aMkana dikhAI detA hai jo mUrtikalA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI krama meM saMkhyAMka 535 para 20x17 semI. mApa kI 12vIM sadI kI jaina yakSiNI kA pradarzana bhI dRSTavya hai| isakA zIza bhAga itanA adhika kalAtmaka hai ki isameM AmralumbanI yukta parikara ke madhya sUkSma jaina tIrthakara kA aMkana hai, jo ise jaina yakSiNI pramANita karatA hai| mUrti ke kezavinyAsa atyanta AkarSaka haiM jabaki kAnoM meM kuNDaloM kA prabhAvI aMkana hai|
Page #245
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 saMgrahAlaya ke kramAMka 613 para pradarzita 125x75 semI. mApa kI tIrthakara mallinAtha kI eka zIzavihIna mUrti kI sabase mukhya vizeSatA yaha hai ki zIzavihIna hone ke pazcAt bhI isakI padmAsana aura baddhapadmAMjali yukta mudrA evaM zIza pRSTha kA AkarSaka prabhAmaNDala tathA chatra isake gaurava meM abhivRddhi karate haiM tathA ye aMkana isa bAta ke pramANa haiM ki yaha mUrti kitane jIvanta bhAvoM se nirmita kI gayI hogii| mUrti ke parikara ke upAsaka bhI bhagna haiM lekina unake pAdapoM ke nIce dharma cakra evaM kalaza kA aMkana mUlanAyaka ke cihna ke rUpa meM prabhAvopalabdha hai| saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita bArAM se avApta 11vIM sadI kI aMtima tIrthakara mahAvIra svAmI kI 132x79 semI. mApa kI mUrti dhyAnamudrA meM hai| prabhAmaNDala yukta isa mUrti kA parikara evaM zIrSa bhAga jor3A gayA pratIta hotA hai| mUrti kI kohanI se nIce taka hAtha aura ghuTane se nIce taka ke paira bhagna haiN| mUrti parikara ke zIrSa bhAga para kAyotsarga mudrA meM do jaina mUrtiyoM kA aMkana hai| inake ThIka nIce ur3IyamAna mAlAdhAra utkIrNa haiN| mUlanAyaka ke donoM ora caMvaradhArI AkRtiyA~ haiN| nIce ke Asana ke samAnAMtara donoM ora do-do jina AkRtiyA~ haiM jinameM do kAyotsarga evaM do dhyAnamudrA meM utkIrNa haiN| pIThikA para madhya meM kIrtimukha aura usake donoM ora eka-eka siMha kA utkIrNana hai| pIThikA ke donoM choroM para dvihasta sAmAnya lakSaNoM vAle yakSa-yakSI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| pUrvokta varNita paMktiyoM meM cUMki yaha tathya rekhAMkita kiyA jA cukA hai ki bUMdI jilAntargata kezorAyapATana kasbA jainadharma kA prAcIna kendra rahA hai| isI krama meM yahA~ sthita munisuvratanAtha ke jaina mandira kA ullekha 'prAkRta nirvANa kANDa' aura 'apabhraMza nirvANa bhakti' meM rekhAMkita milA hai| isa devAlaya meM isa Azaya ke sAkSya haiM ki nemicanda ne somazreSThi hetu 'vRhad dravya saMgraha' graMtha kI racanA kI thii| 13vIM sadI meM eka zreSThi madana kIrti ne yahA~ zAsana 'catustriMzatikA' meM isa tIrtha kA ullekha kiyA thaa| saMgrahAlaya ke kramAMka 301 para aTaru se prApta 12vIM sadI kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI 30x34 semI. mApa kI eka jaina tIrthakara mUrti dekhane meM AtI hai| padmAsanAvasthA meM nirmita yaha mUrti mUlata: jinAyatana jainamUrti ke madhya kI rathikA meM hai| isake nikaTa caMvaradhArI sevakoM tathA isakI pAda pIThikA para gajoM ke madhya dharma cakra kA aMkana hai| isake cAroM ora 108 Asanastha devapuruSoM kA bhavya aMkana hai jo isa mUrti kI vizeSatA kA paricAyaka hai| isakI pAda pIThikA para saMvat 1165 kA eka lekha bhI paThana meM AtA hai| bUMdI mukhyAlaya ke madhya nAhara kA cohadA nAmaka mauhalle meM svAmI AdinAtha kA jaina digambara mandira sthApatya kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa mandira ke sabhAmaNDapa kI eka dIvAra para tIrthakara neminAtha ke janma, dIkSA, jJAna, mokSa ina paMca kalyANaka sahita kaI ghaTanAoM ko bar3I hI bhAvapraNatA se ukerA gayA hai| isa kalA meM mUlanAyaka ke solaha svapna, gaja, gAya, siMha, lakSmI, candramA, sUrya, matsya yugma, indra evaM ratnAdi kA sundara aMkana hai| koTA ke AvAM nAmaka prAcIna grAma meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA eka mandira pratihAra yugIna
Page #246
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 vAstukalA kA adhyayana karane ke liye mahattvapUrNa hai / yadyapi yaha mandira khaNDarAvasthA meM hai parantu pazcimonmukhI zikhara yukta isa mandira ke garbhagRha kI dvAra zAkhAe~ evaM lalATa paTTikA isakA sarvAdhika kalAtmaka pakSa hai| isa mandira kA praveza dvAra caturazAkhA zailI kA hai jisameM puSpAvalaMkaraNa, gudhita nAgavallarI sahita premAlApa yukta strI-puruSa yugma aura azvArohiyoM kI paMktiyA~ dRSTavya haiN| isa mandira ke lalATa bimba ke madhya meM jUTadhArI tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI mUrti kA aMkana hai| yaha mUrti padmAvasanAvasthA meM hai| isake vAmavartI va dakSiNavartI bhAga meM do-do pRthak rathikAoM meM anya tIrthakaroM kA bhI isI mudrA meM aMkana hai| inake madhya vAle bhAgoM meM sthAnakAvasthA meM cAra sarpachatra se yukta tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiN| dvAra zAkhA caMvaradhArI sevaka tathA mAlAdhArI gandharva evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke alaMkaraNoM se susajjita haiN| isa prakAra koTA ke saMgrahAlaya meM koTA, bUMdI evaM bArAM kSetra kI jainadharma kI mUrtiyA~ adhyayana kI dRSTi se bahu upayogI haiN| 54 jhAlAvAr3a kSetra meM aneka sthaloM se prApta jaina mUrtiyoM kA apanA nijasva hai jo abhI taka adhyayana aura zodha kI dRSTi se sarvathA upekSita evaM aprakAzita rahA hai| jhAlAvAr3a saMgrahAlaya tathA isa kSetra ke jaina mandiroM meM sthApita jaina mUrtiyoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai: jhAlAvAr3a jile ke gaMgadhAra kasbe se 10 ki.mI. dUra dakSiNa meM jainadharma ke zvetAmbara sampradAya kA eka bhavya mandira hai- 'nAgezvara pArzvanAtha' / yaha mandira unhela nAmaka gA~va meM hone se ise 'nAgezvara unhela' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa mandira meM mUla mUrti tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI hai jo kalA, kamanIyatA ke stara para jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai| lagabhaga sAr3he 13 phITa kI yaha mUrti grenAITa seNDasTona ke halke hare raMga kI AbhA liye hue banI hai jise sthAnIya zvetAmbara jaina paMthAnuyAyI nIla sphaTika kI batAte haiN| isa prAcIna mUrti kA daihika saundarya itanA adhika teja liye hai ki yahA~ prajvalita dIpajyoti bhI isameM pratibimbita hotI hai| mUrti ke zIza para sapta sarpaphaNoM kI chatrAvali hai tathA atyanta samAnupAtika svarUpa meM mukhamaNDala, deha para kaTisUtra evaM kurIyuga mApamaNDala ukarA hai jo ise zvetAmbaramatIya siddha karatA hai| jaina parimANAnusAra mUrti ke aMgoMpAMgoM kA mApa isa prakAra hai- pAdAsana meM dharmacakra 8 iMca caur3A aura 15 iMca lambA, pairoM ke paMje 8 iMca lambe aura 15 iMca caur3e, kamara se ghuTanoM taka kI lambAI 41 iMca, vakSasthala 38 iMca caur3A tathA 15 iMca U~cA, kAyotsarga mudrA kI donoM bhujAoM kA antara 43 iMca, bhujAoM kI caur3AI 8 iMca aura U~cAI 25 iMca, hAtha kI caur3AI 6 iMca aura lambAI 35 iMca, mukha 27 iMca caur3A aura 30 iMca lambA hai mastaka para sarpaphaNoM kI caur3AI 42 iMca aura lambAI 19 iMca hai| seNDasTona kI isa mUrti ko zvetAmbara jaina paMthAnuyAyI unake jaina matAnusAra 2500 varSoM se adhika prAcIna batAte hue likhate haiM ki aisI mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM hI ho gayA thA jo mahAvIra svAmI se pUrva kA thaa| isa mUrti ke pairoM ke nikaTa eka eka cAmara dhArI devoM kI 37 iMca U~cI pASANa mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiN| inake nikaTa sAr3he 4 phuTa U~cI tIrthakara zAMtinAtha evaM mahAvIra svAmI kI kAyotsarga mudrA kI zveta pASANa mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiM pratIta hotA hai ye mUrtiyA~ mUla mUrti
Page #247
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 55 kI pratiSThA ke pazcAt yahA~ sthApita kI gaI hoNgii| yahA~ yaha bhI ullekha Avazyaka hogA ki tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI seNDasTona pASANa se nirmita isa prakAra kI mUrti Asa-pAsa ke kSetra se aba taka prApta anya pASANa mUrtiyoM se sarvathA bhinna hai jo mUrti vizeSajJoM ke lie gaveSya kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| jile ke khAnapura kasbe ke cA~dakher3I nAmaka grAmAntargata AdinAtha digambara jaina mandira bhUgarbha meM pratiSThita tIrthaMkara svAmI AdinAtha (RSabhadeva ) kI eka vizAla, ati bhavya aura kalAtmaka mUrti pratiSThita hai jo supUjya hai yaha mUrti nikaTa kI eka parvatamAlA se nikalI thii| mUrti kI bhujA para yadyapi saMvat 512 kA aMkana hai parantu isakA aitihAsika AdhAra abhI spaSTa nahIM ho pAyA ki kyA yaha ukta saMvat meM nirmita huI thI ? purAkalA kI dRSTi se yaha mUrti itanI manojJa hai ki ise bAhubalI kI mUrti ke uparAnta jainamatIya mUrtikalA meM bhArata kI dUsarI manojJa mUrti mAnA jAtA hai| yaha 6.25 phITa U~cI aura 5 phITa 5 iMca caur3e rakta pASANa para ukerI gaI hai| ajJAta zilpI ne ise jaina zAstrIya kalA paramparAnusAra padmAsanAvasthA tathA baddhapadmAMjali mudrA meM nirmita kiyA hai| mUrti ke vakSa para zrIvatsa tathA hAtha pairoM meM padma bane hue haiM jo apUrva vItarAgatA ko darzAte haiN| mUlanAyaka ke adhakhule netroM aura usakI dhanuSAkAra bhauhoM ke aMkana atyanta prANavAna haiN| jile kI jhAlarApATana nagarI ke zAMtinAtha digambara jaina mandira meM mUlanAyaka tIrthaMkara zAMtinAtha kI 12 phuTa U~cI sundara mUrti khaDgAsana mudrA meM pratiSThita hai mUrti meM tapa bhAvoM sahita saumyatA ke svarUpa apUrva vItarAgatA ko pradarzita karate haiN| jhAlAvAr3a rAjya ke purAtattvavettA paM. gopAla lAla vyAsa ne isa mUrti para aMkita eka lekha meM saMvat 1145 (san 1088 I0) par3hA thaa| cUMki isa mandira kA nirmANa 1046 I0 meM huA jo pUrva kA samaya hai| ata: yaha mAnA jAnA cAhie ki isa mUrti para aMkita abhilekha kA varSa saMvat 1145 isa mUrti kA isa mandira meM pratiSThA kAla kA hogA, kyoMki mandira nirmANa ke pazcAt hI mUrti kI pratiSThA hotI hai| isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mandira nirmANa tathA mUrti kI pratiSThA meM 42 varSa kA aMtara rahA hai| isa mandira ke garbhagRha ke bAhya bhAga meM ambikA devI aura cakrezvarI devI kI bar3I sundara mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita haiM jo bhAratIya jaina mUrtikalA meM kalAtmaka dRSTi se AdhAra banAne yogya haiN| inameM se eka kalAtmaka mUrti cakrezvarI kI hai jo aSTabhujA yukta hai| isake mukhya karoM meM kramazaH japamAlA aura eka hAtha jaMghA para samarpita mudrA meM hai jabaki zeSa karoM meM se do meM cakra, bijorA phala, zUla, mugadara Adi dhArita hai| devI ke zIza para sundara mukuTa evaM grIvA se aneka lar3iyoM kA hAra aura eka lambI maNimAlA hai jo vakSa ke madhya se hokara nAbhi taka hai| mUrti meM devI ko puruSa pITha para AsIna batAyA gayA hai| isI ke nikaTa dakSiNa bhAga meM SaSThabhujAdhArI ambikA kI mUrti hai jo siMha pITha para bane eka pAdapITha para Asanastha hai| devI kA bAyAM janu siMha kI pITha para hai| isameM devI ke karoM meM kaTAra, vajra, kamala, ghaNTA, DhAla evaM puSpa haiN| isI prakAra eka anya Asanastha devI kI mUrti hai jisake karoM meM bhI ukta prakAra ke Ayudha haiN| donoM devI mUrtiyoM ko paramparAgata AbhUSaNoM se
Page #248
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 56 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 samalaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| mandira ke isI bhAga meM gaja lakSmI, ziva sthAnaka evaM andhakAsura vadha kI mUrtiyA~ bhI haiM, vahIM mukhya rathikAoM meM aneka kAyotsarga mudrA kI jaina mUrtiyA~ haiN| isI mandira ke parisara meM uttara kI ora yahA~ kI vikhyAta vyApArika pharma seTha vinodIrAmabAlacaMda parivAra dvArA sthApita seThoM kI cA~dI kI eka prAcIna kalAyukta tIrthakara vedI hai| ise 20vIM sadI ke Arambha meM isa parivAra ke seTha mANika caMda seThI, lAlacaMda seThI aura seTha nemicaMda seThI ne banavAkara jaina zAstrokta vidhianusAra isameM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha sahita tIrthakara candrAprabhU Adi kI zvetapASANa va dhAtu mUrtiyA~ sthApita karavAI thiiN| inameM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke pAdapITha para eka abhilekha saMvat 1055 kA paThana meM AtA hai| isa mUrti ke zIza para saptasarpa phaNAvaliyA~ haiM tathA yaha padmAsana mudrA meM pratiSThita hai jabaki candraprabha svAmI kI dhAtumUrti ke zIza para kezabandhana tathA vakSa para zrIvatsa kA aMkana unake tapa bhAvoM ko prakaTa karatA hai| donoM mUrtiyA~ Aja bhI supUjita haiN| pratIta hotA hai ye mUrtiyA~ seThI parivAra dvArA anyatra sthAna se lAkara yahA~ pratiSThita kI gaI hoNgii| ukta parivAra ke vartamAna vaMzaja vinoda bhavana jhAlarApATana ke surendra kumAra seThI tathA nikhileza seThI batAte haiM ki cA~dI kI isa sundara vedI meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI tapasAdhanAoM ko sUkSma aMkanoM se kI gaI kalAtmakatA se jisa prakAra nirmita kiyA gayA hai vaha dekhane yogya hai jise jaina mUrtikalA paramparA meM AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai| mukhyAlaya jhAlAvAr3a ke nikaTa sthita hai prAcIna jaladurga gAgarona! isa durga se aneka aisI jaina mUrtiyA~ prakAza meM AI haiM jina para abhI taka kisI utkhananakartA kA dhyAna hI nahIM gyaa| varSa 2008 meM svayaM lekhaka apane saMskRti rucivAna mitra nikhileza seThI (vinoda bhavana, jhAlarApATana) ke sAtha ukta durga meM khojabIna ke daurAna gayA thaa| durga kI prAcIna bhairavapola ke nikaTa parakoTe ke eka kaMgUre ke madhya hameM tIrthakara mahAvIra svAmI kI lagI mUrti milii| yaha mUrti Der3ha phITa U~cI aura eka phITa caur3e pItavarNa pASANa khaNDa para nirmita hai jo pUrNatayA dhyAnAvasthA meM hai| mUrti ke gale kI salavaTeM evaM kandhoM ko chUte donoM kAna ajJAta zilpI kI dArzanika cetanA ke pramANa haiN| mUrti ke zIza para kezoM kA aMkana kalAtmakatA lie ukerA gayA hai jabaki donoM hAtha padmAsana avasthA meM haiN| pairoM ke nIce siMha kA lAMchana hai| isa mUrti kA kAla 10vIM sadI batAyA jAtA hai| durga ke raMgamahala meM eka anya jaina mUrti tIrthakara AdinAtha kI hai jo padmAsana mudrA meM hai| 25semI. U~cI aura 22 semI. caur3e mApa kI yaha mUrti sileTiyA patthara para banI hai| dhyAnAvasthA kI isa mUrti ke pairoM ke nIce lAMchana rUpa meM vRSabha hai tathA mUrti uThAne kI bhAra sAdhaka mudrA meM nIce kI ora do sevako kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| jhAlAvAr3a-jhAlarApATana mArga ke madhya sthita gindaura gA~va meM jaina digambara mata kI eka nasiyAM hai| isameM mUlanAyaka tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI sundara aura kalAtmaka mUrti dRSTavya hai| isakI U~cAI 2 phITa 8 iMca hai| mUlanAyaka ke mastaka para saptasarpa phaNAvaliyA~ haiM jinakI AvaraNa kalA kA sUkSma aMkana kalA kI dRSTi se dekhane yogya hai| mUlanAyaka ke parikara meM chatra, gaja, mAlAdhArI deva evaM camarendra kA kalAtmaka aMkana hai| mUrti ke donoM ora sapta
Page #249
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 padmAsana jaina mUrtiyA~ hai jabaki chatrAvalI ke Upara 8 khar3agAsana jaina mUrtiyA~ banI huI haiN| prahalAsana mUrti ke ThIka nIce dharaNendra aura padmAvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| eka hI zilAphalaka para utkIrNa isa mUrti kA kAla saMvat 1226 jyeSTha vadI, 16 budhavAra mAnA jAtA hai jo isakI pIThikA para aMkita hai| jhAlAvAr3a ke rAjakIya purAtattva saMgrahAlaya meM jaina tIrthakaroM kI aneka aisI mUrtiyA~ pradarzita haiM jina para Aja taka prakAza hI nahIM DAlA gyaa| isa kSetra meM jaina purAkalA kA adhyayana karane kI dRSTi se ina mUrtiyoM kA vivaraNa Avazyaka mAnA jA sakatA hai| yahA~ pradarzita IsA kI 9vIM se 16vIM sadI avadhi kI jaina mUrtiyA~ isa jile ke vibhinna sthaloM se avApta kI gaI thiiN| inameM tahasIla paMcapahAr3a ke ratanapurA se prApta evaM saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 37 para pradarzita mUrti tIrthakara ajitanAtha kI hai jo 9vIM sadI kI rekhAMkita kI gaI hai| 40x22 iMca mApa kI sileTiyA pASANa khaNDa para utkIrNa yaha mUrti kAyotsarga mudrA kI hai| isameM pairoM ke nIce agrabhAga meM gaja kA lAMchana hai| mUrti ke kandhoM para donoM ora gajoM kI mUrtiyoM ke dAyIM-bAyIM ora puruSoM kI caMvara lie laghu mUrtiyA~ haiN| inake nIce padmAsana mudrA meM tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| isI ke nikaTa 16vIM sadI kI pradarzita mUrti tIrthakara sambhavanAtha kI hai, jo zveta pASANa para utkIrNa hai| padmAsana mudrA kI isa mUrti ke nIce pIThikA ke samakSaghor3e kA cinha hai| mUlanAyaka ke vakSa ke madhya zrIvatsa kA aMkana hai jabaki jaMghAoM ke pRSTha meM eka lekha meM saMvat 1544 paThana meM AtA hai| mUrti 20x16 iMca mApa kI hai, jisameM vItarAgatA ke bhAva ko mukharita kiyA gayA hai| ___ saMgrahAlaya ke saMkhyAMka 449 para pradarzita 11vIM sadI kI eka mUrti tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI hai jo san 2003 meM akalerA upakhaNDa ke devalI gA~va se milI thii| 75x69 iMca mApa kI yaha mUrti halke sileTiyA pASANa phalaka para utkIrNa hai, jisameM zIza ke pRSTha meM sundara prabhAmaNDala kA kalAtmaka aMkana hai| mUrti ke pAdapITha ke nIce aura hAthoM meM kamala puSpoM kA aMkana dRSTavya hai, jabaki zIza ke donoM kAnoM ke nIce taka dhuMgharAle kezoM kA aMkana hai| isI ke nikaTa eka anya pradarzita mUrti tIrthakara vAsupUjya kI hai| zveta pASANa para utkIrNa tathA 16x12 iMca mApa kI isa mUrti ke vakSa ke madhya meM zrIvatsa kA cihna aura pIThikA para eka aspaSTa lekha hai, jo paThana meM nahIM AtA, parantu usameM saMvat 1544 par3hane meM AyA hai| isI ke nikaTa eka aura mUrti tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI hai, jo zyAmavarNIya pASANa para 22x17 iMca mApa kI hai| yaha bhI padmAsana mudrA meM hai| isakI pAda pIThikA para saMvat 1544 aMkita hai| mUrti ke zIza para yahA~ paMcamukhI sarpa kA vitAna hai tathA vakSa ke madhya meM zrIvatsa kA aMkana hai| mUrti ke eka caukhaTa meM nAga kI AkRti kA aMkana tathA eka aspaSTa sA lekha hai| atyadhika ghisAI se ubharI camaka ke kAraNa yaha dhAtu mUrti hone kA AbhAsa detI hai| saMgrahAlaya meM pradarzita eka anya jaina mUrti tIrthakara RSabhadeva kI hai| maTamaile pASANa phalaka para padmAsana mudrA meM 25x22 semI. mApa kI isa mUrti kI pIThikA para vRSabha kI AkRti kA aMkana hai| Upara kI ora tIrthakara ke janma ke bhAvoM kA aMkana isa mUrti ke
Page #250
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 vaiziSTya ko pradarzita karatA hai, jo isa prakAra kI aba taka hAr3autI meM avApta RSabhadeva viSayaka kisI mUrti meM darzita nahIM huA hai| isa aMkana ke nikaTa hI do dampatti ko unakA pUjana karate hue bhI ukerA gayA hai| jhAlarApATana ke eka jaina mandira ke zikhara bhAga meM dhvajasthApanA khaNDa para cAroM dizAoM kI ora dhyAnamudrA meM sarvatobhadra mUrtiyA~ haiM jo padmAsana mudrA meM dikhAI detI haiN| jainadharma meM sarvatobhadra ko cAroM ora se zubha tathA maMgalakArI mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt aisA zilpakArya jisameM zilAkhaNDa ke cAroM ora cAra jina mUrtiyA~ nirUpita hoN| jaina abhilekhoM meM aisI mUrtiyoM ko 'pratibhAsarvatobhadra' athavA 'caturbimba' athavA 'zavadobhadrika' bhI kahA jAtA hai| inameM tIrthakaroM ke vakSa ke madhya meM zrIvatsa kA aMkana jagat ke pradhAna prakRti ke cintana se sambaddha mAnA jAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra hAr3autI kSetrIya itihAsa meM jainadharma ke purAtAttvika zrotoM, mUrtiyoM kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai, jina para abhI taka koI gambhIra zodhaparaka kArya nahIM huA hai| prastuta Alekha yadyapi isa kSetra meM yatholabdhi ke liye mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki abhI isa kSetra meM jainadharma ke anya purA sAkSyoM kI prApti kI aura bhI prabala sambhAvanAe~ haiN| - jaikI sTUDiyo, 13, maMgalapurA, jhAlAvAr3a-326001 (rAjasthAna) ** * * *
Page #251
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ paNDita dyAnatarAya aura unakA racanA-saMsAra -DaoN. kamalezakumAra jaina * jainadharma mUlata: adhyAtma-pradhAna dharma hai aura vItarAgatA usakA prANa hai| aba taka jitane bhI jIva mokSa gaye haiM yA bhaviSya meM jAyeMge, usameM mukhya kAraNa vItarAgatA hI hai| yahA~ vItarAgatA kA artha hai- AtmA kA rAgAdi bhAvoM se sarvathA pRthak ho jaanaa| rAga saMsAra hai aura vItarAgatA usa saMsAra-sAgara se mukta ho jAnA hai| jIva anAdikAla se karmoM se baddha hai aura jaba taka karmoM kA kiJcit bhI aMza jIva ke sAtha saMbaddha rahegA, taba taka use mukti hI prApti nahIM ho sakatI hai| ataH mukti ke liye vItarAga-dazA paramAvazyaka hai| jIva meM yaha vItarAgatA prakaTa ho, isake liye rAgAdi bhAvoM se nivRtta hokara Atma-svabhAva meM tallIna ho jAnA hI ekamAtra upAya hai| isaliye mahAkavi paNDita daulatarAma ne apane chahaDhAlA ke prAraMbhika maMgalAcaraNa meM likhA hai ki tIna bhuvana meM sAra vItarAga- vijnyaantaa| ziva svarUpa zivakAra namahu~ triyoga smhaarikaiN| yadyapi jIva sAMsArika bandhanoM meM jakar3A huA hai tathApi jaba vaha saMsAra kI vicitra dazA ko dekhatA hai aura usa para vicAra karatA hai to vaha adhyAtma kI ora mur3e binA nahIM rahatA hai, sAtha hI yadi vaha kavi hRdaya hai to vaha apanA upayoga sthira karane ke liye anubhUtiyoM ko lipibaddha karatA hai, jisase lekhaka yA kavi kA citta sthira ho jAtA hai aura usakA lAbha samakAlIna logoM ke sAtha-sAtha Age Ane vAlI anya aneka pIr3hiyoM ko svataH mila jAtA hai| isI mAnasikatA ko apane andara sameTe huye aneka lekhakoM ne apane hRdayaMgata vicAroM ko mUrta rUpa diyA hai, jo saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza Adi vividha bhASAoM meM vyakta kiye gaye haiN| likhe gaye haiN| isI krama meM hindI bhASA meM bhI vipula mAtrA meM sAhitya likhA gayA hai, jo hindI-sAhitya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| madhyakAlIna hindI-sAhitya yadyapi aneka vidhAoM kA samUha hai tathApi AdhyAtmikatA usakA prANa hai aura isI AdhyAtmikatA kI puSTi hetu jina jaina-kaviyoM ne sAdhikAra apanI lekhanI calAI hai, usameM mahAkavi paNDita banArasIdAsa, mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya aura mahAkavi paNDita daulatarAma kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| anya aneka kaviyoM ke sAtha mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne jisa paraMparA kA vikAsa kiyA, usI ko Age bar3hAne meM mahAkavi dyAnatarAya kI mahatI bhUmikA rahI hai aura usI paraMparA kA anusaraNa AcArya evaM adhyakSa, jaina-bauddhadarzana vibhAga, saMskRtavidyA dharmavijJAna saMkAya, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI
Page #252
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 60 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 paravartI mahAkavi daulatarAma Adi ne bhI kiyA hai| ye tInoM jaina kavi apanI AdhyAtmika vicAradhArA ke liye paryApta prasiddha haiN| jahA~ paNDita banArasIdAsa ne samayasAra-nATaka nAmaka apanI kRti ke mAdhyama se AdhyAtmikatA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, vahIM paNDita dyAnatarAya ne bhI vividha AdhyAtmika padoM evaM pUjAoM Adi ke mAdhyama se apanI kIrti ko akSuNNa rakhA hai| mahAkavi daulatarAma ne chahaDhAlA nAmaka kRti ke mAdhyama se uparyukta do mahAkaviyoM kI dhArA ko aura Age pravAhita kiyA isa prakAra hindI jaina sAhitya ke ina tIna mahAkaviyoM ne adhyAtma kI jo dhArA pravAhita kI, vaha Aja bhI jaina samAja ke liye dIpaka kA kArya karatI hai| ina tIna mahAkaviyoM meM madhyamaNi ke rUpa meM pratiSThita mahAkavi dyAnatarAya apane AdhyAtmika padoM evaM pratidina upayoga meM Ane vAlI AratiyoM, pUjAoM tathA aneka stotroM ke racayitA hone ke kAraNa jaina zrAvakoM ke gale kA hAra haiN| aise bhakta evaM AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se ota-prota mahAkavi dyAnatarAya ke pUrvaja mUlataH lAlapura ke nivAsI the| bAda meM ve AgarA meM Akara basa gaye aura yahIM AgarA meM mahAkavi dyAnatarAya kA janma vi.saM. 1733 meM huA thaa| inake pitAmaha kA nAma vIradAsa aura pitA kA nAma zyAmadAsa thaa| inakA vivAha vi. saM. 1748 meM mAtra pandraha varSa kI Ayu meM ho gayA thaa| AgarA usa samaya na kevala vyApAra ke liye prasiddha thA, apitu jainadharma kA bhI acchA kendra thaa| vahA~ usa samaya dharma ke kSetra meM paNDita bihArIdAsa aura paNDita mAnasiMha kA acchA prabhAva thA, jisakA lAbha mahAkavi dyAnatarAya ko sahaja upalabdha ho gayA thaa| phalasvarUpa unake upadezoM se dyAnatarAya kI jainadharma para pragAr3ha zraddhA ho gaI thI aura ve vi. saM. 1777 meM sammedazikhara kI yAtrA para bhI gaye the| bAda meM ve AgarA se dillI cale gaye paNDita dyAnatarAya kA kRtitva : mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya ne jaina hindI kAvya sAhitya ke vikAsa meM avismaraNIya yogadAna kiyA hai| jahA~ eka ora unakI kAvya-racanAoM ke dvArA jaina AdhyAtmika evaM dArzanika sAhitya kA saMrakSaNa evaM saMvarddhana huA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unakI racanAoM se hindI kAvya sAhitya kA bhI utkarSa huA hai| paNDita dyAnatarAya kI kAvya-kalA bejor3a hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki eka saMpradAya vizeSa se jur3e hone ke kAraNa hindI ke itihAsakAroM ne unake sAhitya kA ucita mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA hai| paNDita dyAnatarAya dvArA likhita jo grantha adyAvadhi upalabdha huye haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-dharmavilAsa athavA dyAnatavilAsa, caracA zataka, chahaDhAlA, Agama vilAsa, bhedavijJAna yA AtmAnubhava, 108 nAmoM kI guNamAlA, vividha pUjAe~, AratiyA~ evaM AdhyAtmika pada-sAhitya aadi| isa para Age vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| dharmavilAsa yA dyAnatavilAsa : paNDita dyAnatarAya dvArA likhita prastuta graMtha vartamAna meM dharmavilAsa yA dyAnatavilAsa ke
Page #253
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 61 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha graMtha prAraMbha meM mUlataH dharmavilAsa ke nAma se prasiddha rahA hai| kintu paravartI kAla meM banArasI vilAsa Adi kI tarja para unakI kucha sphuTa racanAoM ke saMkalita rUpa ko dyAnatavilAsa bhI kahA jAne lagA aura Aja yaha graMtha dharmavilAsa ke sAtha hI dyAnata vilAsa ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| ataH maiM DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke isa kathana se pUrNataH sahamata hU~ ki- jina racanAoM kA nAma kavi ke nAma para AdhArita hai, unakA nAmakaraNa kavi ne svayaM nahIM kiyA hai, apitu bAda meM anya prastutakartA ne usa kavi kI choTI-choTI aneka yA sabhI racanAoM ko ekatra saMgrahIta kara usakA nAma kavi ke nAma para rakha diyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki graMthoM ke nAma kahIM to viSaya vastu para AdhArita haiM aura kahIM kavi-vizeSa ke nAma pr| kintu itanA satya hai ki kavi ke nAma para AdhArita graMthoM kA nAmakaraNa paravartI hai aura yahI bAta dyAtanavilAsa isa nAmakaraNa ke mUla meM pratIta hotI dharmavilAsa : mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya dvArA likhita dharmavilAsa meM choTI-bar3I kula 45 racanAoM kA samAveza hai| ye racanAe~ vividha viSayoM ko AdhAra banAkara likhI gaI haiM, jinakA nAmakaraNa prAyaH viSaya ke sAtha hI unakI padya saMkhyA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| jaisejinaguNamAla saptamI, yatiguNa bhAvanASTaka, darzana dazaka, jJAna dazaka, bhakti dazaka, AratI dazaka, vartamAnabIsI dazaka, sajjanaguNa dazaka, stuti bArasI, vyasanatyAga SoDaza, tithi SoDazI, viveka bIsI, SaTguNI-hAnivRddhi bIsI, dazasthAna caubIsI, dravyAdicaubola pacIsI, dharma paccIsI, dazabola pacIsI, vyauhAra pacIsI, palla paccIsI, sukha battIsI, vairAga chattIsI, saradhA cAlIsI, subodha paMcAsikA, adhyAtma paMcAsikA, zikSA paMcAsikA, pUraNa paMcAsikA, akSara bAvanI, dharmarahasya bAvanI, dAna bAvanI, neminAtha bahattarI aura upadeza zataka aadi| caracA zataka svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita hai| ina racanAoM meM do-do padoM kA samAveza hai| inameM prathama pada usa racanA kI viSayavastu kA dyotaka hai aura dvitIya pada usa racanA meM prayukta padyoM kI saMkhyA kaa| kahIM kahIM padyoM kI saMkhyA adhika bhI hai| uparyukta ke atirikta isa dharmavilAsa nAmaka graMtha meM mahAkavi dyAnatarAya ne tattvasAra bhASA (79 padya), cAra sau chaha jIvasamAsa (23 padya), samAdhimaraNa (23 padya), AlocanA pATha (6 padya), ekIbhAva stotra (26 padya), svayambhU stotra (25 padya), pArzvanAtha stavana (10 padya), vajradantakathA (11 padya), dharmacAha gIta (8 padya), AdinAtha stuti (36 padya), jugala AratI (20 padya) aura vANI saMkhyA (112 padya) nAmaka zIrSaka vAlI racanAoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA hai| ina racanAoM meM 'samAdhimaraNa' meM manuSya anta samaya meM kisa prakAra kI bhAvanA bhAve evaM usake AhAra Adi kA krama kyA ho? isa para saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 'svayambhUstotra' meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| yaha stotra prAyaH kisI bhI dhArmika kArya ke saMpanna hone para zrAvakoM dvArA samaveta svara meM par3hA jAtA hai| 'vajradantakathA'
Page #254
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 62 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 meM ati saMkSepa meM vajradanta cakravartI kA kathAnaka hai| 'vANI saMkhyA' meM jainadharma sammata varNamAlA ke causaTha varNoM ke sAtha aMga sAhitya aura upAMga sAhitya ke padoM kI saMkhyA kA vistAra se vivecana hai| ye padya kahIM dohoM athavA soraThoM ke rUpa meM do-do paMktiyoM ke rUpa meM haiM, kahIM caupAI Adi ke rUpa meM cAra-cAra paMktiyoM meM haiM, kahIM kuNDaliyoM Adi ke rUpa meM chaha-chaha paMktiyoM meM haiM aura kahIM chanda malika mAlA Adi ke rUpa meM ATha-ATha paMktiyoM meM likhe gaye haiN| hindI ke ina pracalita vividha chandoM meM to mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya ne likhA hI hai, sAtha hI mandAkrAMtA, zArdUlavikrIDita, bhujaMgaprayAta, mAlinI aura vasantatilakA jaise atiprasiddha saMskRta chaMdoM meM bhI aneka padoM kI racanA kI hai| hindI ke chandoM meM dohA, soraThA, caupAI, chappaya, savaiyA ikatIsA (manahara), savaiyA (sundarI), savaiyA (madirA), karavA chanda (sarvalaghu), kavitta, aDilla, chanda cAla, DhAla, gItA, anaMgazekhara chanda, azokapuSpa maJjarI, jogI rAsA, motI dAma, dohA kI DhAla, dohA kI dUsarI DhAla, rekhatA, caubIsA chanda (ATha ragaNa) aura sundarI Adi prasiddha evaM alpa prasiddha chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| caracA zataka: isa graMtha meM kula eka sau tIna padya haiM, jo prAyaH pUrvokta hindI chaMdoM meM likhe gaye haiN| isake prAraMbha meM paJca parameSThI kI stuti, neminAtha kI stuti, akRtrima caityAlayoM kI pratimAoM kI stuti aura siddha stuti kI gaI hai| punaH tIna loka kA vivecana, loka aura aloka kA vibhAjana aura loka ke svarUpa kA vistAra se bahuta acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi dyAnatarAya ke isa vivecana se loka ke ghanaphala Adi kI bhI jAnakArI milatI hai tathA chahoM saMhanana vAle jIva marakara kahA~-kahA~ utpanna hote haiM? caubIsa tIrthakaroM ke bIca kA aMtarAla, karmoM kI eka sau ar3atAlIsa prakRtiyA~ kisa-kisa guNasthAna meM kSaya hotI haiM? tIna loka ke akRtrima caityAlayoM kI saMkhyA, tIrthaMkaroM ke zarIroM kA varNa, adholoka ke caityAlayoM kI saMkhyA, indra kI senA, ATha karmoM ke ATha dRSTAnta, jambUdvIpa kA varNana, paJca parAvartana kA svarUpa, naMdIzvara dvIpa evaM meru parvata kA varNana, sAta narakoM evaM solaha svargoM meM AvAgamana, kaSAyoM ke dRSTAMta aura unake phala, caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~, karma prakRtiyoM kA kSaya-kSayopazama tathA jinavANI ke sAta aMgoM Adi kA vistAra se vivecana hai| ye viSaya to mukhya-mukhya haiN| inake avAntara bhedoM kA bhI vivecana hai| saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa 'caracA zataka' meM tattvArthasUtra ke tRtIya evaM caturtha adhyAya ke sAtha hI gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa evaM karmakANDa) tathA tiloyapaNNattI Adi ke viSaya kA ekadeza vivecana hai| yaha graMtha svAdhyAya karane vAle zrAvakoM ke lie atyanta upAdeya hai| 'caracA zataka' kI viSaya vastu asta-vyasta hai| isake viSayoM meM kramabaddhatA nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa saMbhavataH yaha hai ki alaga-alaga samayoM meM zrAvakoM ke sAtha dharmacarcA hotI hogI aura usI ko paNDita dyAnatarAya kavitAbaddha karate gaye hoNge| bAda meM sabhI carcAoM ko
Page #255
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 usI krama se ekatrita kara graMtha kA rUpa de diyA gayA hogaa| phalasvarUpa viSayoM meM kramabaddhatA kA abhAva hai| karma prakRtiyoM kA vivecana karate huye bIca meM jambUdvIpa Adi kA varNana karanA aura punaH karma prakRtiyoM kA vivecana karane Adi se ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI pUjA sAhitya : mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya ne lagabhaga eka darjana pUjAoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM deva-zAstra-guru-pUjA aura vidyamAna bIsa tIrthakara pUjA- ye do pUjAyeM ati prasiddha haiN| ye donoM pUjAyeM Aja bhI pUjana karane vAle zrAvakoM ke liye anivArya haiN| yadyapi saMskRta bhASA ke atirikta aba hindI meM anya aneka Adhunika kaviyoM kI pUjAyeM bhI upalabdha haiM tathApi sAmAnya zrAvaka dyAnatarAyakRta pUjAoM ko hI prAthamikatA detA hai| uparyukta ke atirikta parva vizeSa meM kI jAne vAlI pUjAoM meM paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta solahakAraNa pUjA, paJcameru pUjA, nandIzvara dvIpa pUjA, dazalakSaNa dharma pUjA, ratnatraya pUjA (darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra pUjA), nirvANakSetra pUjA, sarasvatI pUjA, videhakSetra pUjA aura siddhacakra pUjA Adi pramukha tathA bahucarcita haiN| ina pUjAoM meM se aneka pUjAoM kA arghya to prAyaH pratidina car3hAyA jAtA hai aura avakAza ke dinoM meM samaya hone para athavA aSTamI-caturdazI ke dinoM meM adhika pUjAyeM bhI kI jAtI haiM, kintu aSTAhnikA parva aura paryuSaNa parva meM ina pUjAoM ko gAMva-dehAta se lekara mahAnagaroM aura aba videzoM meM bhI vyaktigata evaM sAmUhika rUpa meM nRtya evaM saMgIta ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta pUjAoM kI aAvalI aura jayamAlA meM athavA kevala jayamAlA meM dyAnata yA dyAnatarAya kA nAmollekha avazya milatA hai, jisase yaha sahaja jJAta ho jAtA hai ki ye pUjAyeM paNDita dyAnatarAya dvArA racita haiN| ye pUjAyeM atyanta sarala, sarasa aura bhakti se otaprota haiN| inase tat tat viSayoM kI sUkSma jAnakArI bhI milatI hai| AratI sAhityaH paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta aneka AratiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ye AratiyA~ jaina samAja meM bahupracalita haiN| 'iha vidha maMgala AratI kIjai' to unakI aisI kAlajayI racanA hai jo baccoM se lekara bUr3hoM taka ko mu~hajabAnI yAda hai| inake atirikta 'karauM AratI vardhamAna kI' Adi bhI prasiddha haiN| dharmavilAsa meM 'AratI dazaka' zIrSaka se jina gyAraha AratiyoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai, unameM se ATha AratiyoM kI aMtima paMkti meM 'dyAnata' pada kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, kintu neminAtha tIrthakara kI AratI ke anta meM mAnasiMghaha mahArAjA, nizcaya AratI ke anta meM dIpacaMda aura AtmA kI AratI ke aMta meM bihArIdAsa kA nAmollekha paNDita dayAcandra jaina sAhityAcArya ne paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta bIsa AratiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM pUrvokta ke atirikta pArzvanAtha, vAsupUjya, samuccaya siddha bhagavAn aura paJcakalyANaka AratiyoM ke sAtha hI aSTa-karmoM kA nAza karane vAlI ATha AratiyoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1. jJAnAvaraNIkarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 2.
Page #256
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 64 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 darzanAvaraNIkarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 3. vedanIyakarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 4. mohanIyakarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 5. AyukarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 6, nAmakarmanAzaka siddha AratI, 7. gotrakarmanAzaka siddha AratI aura antarAyakarmanAzaka siddha aartii| mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paNDita dayAcandra jaina sAhityAcArya ne jo aSTa-karmoM kA nAza karane vAlI ukta ATha AratiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, ve svatantra AratiyA~ na hokara paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta siddhacakrapUjA ke antargata likhI gaI ATha karmoM kI jayamAlAyeM hI haiM kyoMki mujhe ina AratiyoM kA svataMtra ullekha nahIM milA hai| pada sAhitya : paNDita dyAnatarAya ne aneka AdhyAtmika padoM kI racanA kI hai, jo usake adhyAtmapriya hone kA sabala pramANa hai| unake ina padoM kA saMgraha 'jaina pada saMgraha' (cauthA bhAga) ke nAma se svataMtra rUpa se prakAzita ho cukA hai| inameM se aneka pada anyatra bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN|" ina padoM meM paNDita dyAnatarAya ne sAdhu ke guNoM kI carcA, jinarAja kI zaraNa, arahanta nAma smaraNa, prabhu mahimA, manuSya janma kI durlabhatA, Atmahita karane kI sIkha, sakala vikalpoM ke abhAva kI bhAvanA, samyagdarzana kI mahimA evaM nizcayanaya kI sAdhaka sAmagrI Adi kA gaharAI se vivecana kiyA hai| deha kI nazvaratA aura Atmatattva kI amaratA kA vivecana karane vAlA agrAMkita pada draSTavya hai aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge // ttek|| tana kArana mithyAta diyo taja, kyoM kari deha dhreNge| aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge // 2 // upajai marai kAlateM prAnI, tAk kAla htteNge| rAga-doSa jaga baMdha karata haiM, inako nAza kreNge| aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge // 2 // deha vinAzI maiM avinAzI, bhedajJAna pkreNge| nAsI jAsI hama ziravAsI, cokhe hoM nikhreNge| aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge // 3 // mare ananta bAra bina samajhai, aba saba duHkha bisreNge| 'dyAnata' nipaTa nikaTa do akSara, bina sumarai sumreNge| aba hama amara bhaye na mareMge // 4 // apane ina AdhyAtmika padoM meM paNDita dyAnatarAya ne apanI cira-paricita zailI meM hindI kI prAcIna vividha rAga-rAganiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jinameM rAga soraThA, gujarAtI bhASA gIta, rAga vilAvala, rAga gaurI, rAga sAraMga, rAga kAphI dhamAla, rAga vihAgaro, rAga-malhAra, rAga gaur3I, rAga khyAla, rAga rAmakalI, rAga AsAvarI, savaiyA, chappaya, kuNDaliyA aura azoka chanda Adi pramukha haiN| rAga-rAganiyoM ke ina vividha prayogoM se aisA pratIta hotA hai ki paNDita dyAnatarAya kI saMgIta ke kSetra meM acchI pakar3a thI aura ve apane ina padoM ko
Page #257
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 sArvajanika zAstra sabhAoM Adi meM saMgItamaya zailI se prastuta karate rahe hoNge| anya sAhitya : DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya ne paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta anya do graMthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinake nAma haiM- Agama vilAsa aura bheda vijJAna athavA AtmAnubhava | Agama vilAsa meM paNDita dyAnatarAya kI chiyAlIsa racanAoM kA saMkalana hai| ina racanAoM kA saMkalana paNDita dyAnatarAya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt paNDita jagatarAya ne kiyA thA / 2 Agama vilAsa ke prAraMbha meM 152 savaiyA chandoM meM saiddhAntika viSayoM kI carcA hai| ataH saiddhAntika viSayoM kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa hI isa racanA kA nAma 'Agama vilAsa' rakhA gayA 13 bheda vijJAna yA AtmAnubhava meM jIva dravya aura pudgalAdi dravyoM kA vivecana hai| isameM paNDita dyAnatarAya ne likhA hai ki- Atmatattva rUpI cintAmaNi ke prApta hote hI samasta icchAyeM pUrNa ho jAtI haiM aura Atmatattva ke upalabdha hote hI viSayarasa nIrasa pratIta hone lagate haiN|" DaoN. premasAgara jaina ne paNDita dyAnatarAyakRta 108 nAmoM kI guNamAlA' nAmaka graMtha kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 15 paNDita daulatarAmakRta chahaDhAlA to prasiddha hai| isake atirikta anya jo do chahaDhAlA upalabdha haiM, unameM eka chahaDhAlA paNDita budhajanakRta hai aura dUsarA paNDita dyaantraaykRt| 16 ye donoM chahaDhAlA paNDita daulatarAmakRta chahaDhAlA kI apekSA alpa prasiddha haiN| paNDita dhAnatarAya ne siddhAntadeva muni nemicandra dvArA racita prAkRta dravyasaMgraha kA hindI padyAnuvAda bhI kiyA hai| 65 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki adhyAtmapremI mahAkavi paNDita dyAnatarAya ne choTe-bar3e aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM jaina siddhAntoM kA mArmika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMdarbha 1. 2. 3. chahaDhAlA, 1/1 agranAma tapasI base sauM agarohA bhayA, tinakI saMtAna saba agravAla gAe haiN| ThAre suta bhaye tina ThArai gota nAma daye, tahA~sauM nikasikaiM hisAra mAhiM chAe haiM / / phira lAlapura Aya vvaiMka 'caukasI' kahAya, golagotI vIradAsa Agare maiM Ae haiN| tAhI ke sapUta syAmadAsa ke dyAnatarAya, desa pura gAma sAre sAhamI kahAe haiM / / 5. Agarau gunanikau jahAnAbAda rahe koya, sudharUpa dharamavilAsa dharma ke kiyeM sadA vilAsa, dharmako vilAsa yaha dharamavilAsa hai / / 4. daulata vilAsa, saMpAdaka- DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 2000, prastAvanA pRSTha 8 paNDita nAthUrAma premI dvArA saMpAdita evaM zrI jaina graMtharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI dvArA san 1914 meM prakAzita / - dharmavilAsa, pUraNa paMcAsikA, padya 26 dharamavilAsako prakAsa hai|
Page #258
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 6. yaha stotra zrI vAdirAjasUri ke saMskRta ekIbhAva stotra kA bhAvAnuvAda hai| yathA zabada kAvya hita tarkameM, vAdirAja sirtaaj| ekIbhAva pragaTa kiyau, dhAnata bhagati jhaaj||26|| 7. paNDita nAthUrAma premIkRta sugama hindI TIkA sahita zrI jaina graMtha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, po. giragAMva, bambaI dvArA san 1926 meM dvitIyAvRtti ke rUpa meM prkaashit| 8. draSTavya, hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, lekhaka- DaoN. prema sAgara jaina, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa, san 1964, pRSTha 281-283 9. draSTavya, dharmavilAsaH AratI dazaka, pRSTha 149-156 10. draSTavya, jaina pUjA-kAvya eka ciMtana: bhAratIya jJAnapITha, prathama saMskaraNa, san 2005, pRSTha 149-151 11. draSTavya, zrI AdhyAtmika pATha saMgraha, saMpAdaka- paM. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina zAstrI, prakAzaka-zrI maganalAla hIrAlAla pATanI, di. jaina pAramArthika TraSTAMtargata zrI pATanI di. jaina graMthamAlA, mAroTha (mAravAr3a), prathama saMskaraNa, maI 1951 12. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, 4/278 13. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya paraMparA, 4/279 14. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakA AcArya paraMparA, 4/279 15. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, pRSTha 287 16. dyAnatarAya kI yaha laghukRti zrImatI zaila baMsala dvArA saMkalita evaM samanvaya vANI jinAgama zodha saMsthAna, jayapura dvArA san 2010 meM prakAzita chahaDhAlA trayI meM pRSTha 24 se 30 taka saMkalita kI gaI hai, jo mAtra 49 padyoM meM samAhita hai| AvAsa-nirvANa bhavana, bI-2/249, lena naM. 14 ravIndrapurI, vArANasI (u.pra.) mo. 91-9235693230 ** * * *
Page #259
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ trilokasAra AdhArita siddhAnta cakravartI nemicandrAcArya kI dRSTi meM upAsya (pUjya) deva -DaoN. rAjendra kumAra baMsala siddhAnta cakravartI AcAryavarya zrI nemicandra dvArA viracita zrI trilokasArajI kI gAthA 988 ke AdhAra para upalakSaNa nyAya se yaha siddha kiyA jA rahA hai ki tIrthakara bhagavAn ke yakSa-yakSiNI evaM kSetrapAlAdi samasta rakSaka deva pUjya haiN| isa gAthA para prakAza DAlane ke pUrva triloka saMbandhita akRtrima caityAlayoM/ jinamaMdiroM evaM unakI pUjyatA kA svarUpa zrI trilokasArajI ke anusAra samajhanA Avazyaka hai| zrI trilokasArajI karaNAnuyoga kA prasiddha graMtha hai| isakI racanA kA AdhAra tiloyapaNNatti (trilokaprajJapti), tattvArthavArtika kA tIsarA aura cauthA adhyAya evaM A. jinasena kRta harivaMza purANa kA lokavarNAnAdhikAra hai| zrI trilokasArajI ke racayitA AcArya nemicandra SaTkhaNDAgama ke pAragAmI vidvAn the| unake guru AcArya abhayanandi jI the| sarvazrI vIranandI evaM indranandI inake vidyAguru the| ye dezIyagaNa ke the| AcArya nemicandra gaMganareza rAcamalladeva ke pradhAna saciva aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru the| gommaTezvara bhagavAn kI 57 phuTa U~cI bhavya pratimA kA nirmANa AcArya nemicandra ke AzIrvAda aura mArgadarzana meM huA thaa| isakI pratiSThA caitrazuklA paMcamI, ravivAra di. 13 mArca, 981 ko Agamika paddhati se huI thii| isa prakAra ApakA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| zrI trilokasArajI meM 1018 gAthAe~ haiM, jo chaha adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM; yathA(1) lokasAmAnyAdhikAra, (2) bhavanAdhikAra, (3) vyantaralokAdhikAra, (4) jyotirlokAdhikAra, (5) vaimAnikalokAdhikAra aura (6) nrtiryglokaadhikaar| aMtima cAra gAthAeM prazasti rUpa haiN| triloka ke jinamaMdira kI vaMdanA AcArya nemicandra ne pratyeka adhikAra ke prAraMbha meM usa loka ke jinamaMdiroM kI saMkhyA darzAte hue unakI vaMdanA aura namaskAra kiyA hai| isa saMbandha meM gAthA 2, 208, 250, 302, 451 aura 561 avalokanIya haiN| prazastigAthA 1015 meM akRtrima-kRtrima sabhI arhanta aura siddha pratimAoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| gAthA 1016 meM bhavanavAsI (sAta karor3a bahattara lAkha), vaimAnika (84,97023) evaM madhyaloka (458) saMbandhI kula 85697481 jinamaMdiroM ko namaskAra kiyA hai|
Page #260
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 68 anekAnta 64/3 julAI-sitambara 2011 jyotiSa evaM vyantara devoM ke jinamaMdira asaMkhyAta haiM, unheM bhI namaskAra kiyA hai| gAthA 1017 meM trilokagocara akRtrima - kRtrima sabhI jinamaMdiroM kI vaMdanA kI hai| aMtima 1018vIM gAthA meM guru abhayanandi siddhAnta cakravartI kA smaraNa / kRtajJatA vyakta karate hue trilokasAra jI kI kisI bhUla ke liye kSamA yAcanA kI hai| isa prakAra AcArya zrI nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne tInaloka kI samasta jinendra pratimAoM aura jinamaMdiroM kI vaMdanA - namaskAra kiyA hai| kisI yakSa-yakSiNI, zrIdevI - zrutadevI yA kisI zAsana rakSakadeva kI vaMdanA nahIM kI aura na hI unakI vandanA karane kA nirdeza diyaa| caturNikAya devoM kI bandanA vaidika paraMparA meM iSTa hai, di. jaina paraMparA meM gRhIta mithyAtva hai| zrI nemicandra AcArya ne zAzvata mUla jaina paraMparA kA sarvatra nirvAha kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasenasvAmI ne bhI dhavalA TIkA (I. 816) ke prAraMbha meM arahaMta siddha ko namaskAra kara bAraha aMgarUpa zrutadevatA ke prasannatA kI bhAvanA AyI thI / zruta devatA ke sarvamala evaM tIna mUr3hatA rahita samyaktva kA tilaka aura nirmala cAritra rUpa AbhUSaNa haiN| (dhavalA bhAga-1, pRSTha 6 ) / dvAdazAMga dhAraka aisA zruta devatA 'devamUr3hatA' kI preraka sarasvatI kI mUrti kaise ho sakatI hai? sarasvatI kI mUrti kI pUjA kI prareNA denA jinavANI kI Ar3a meM Agama kA upahAsa aura mithyAcAra hai| caitya vRkSaH jina pratimAe~ evaM mAnastambha bhavanavAsI devoM ke asurAdika kuloM ke cihna svarUpa krama se dasa caitya vRkSa hote haiN| (gA. 217) caitya vRkSoM ke mUla bhAga kI cAroM dizAoM meM pratyeka dizA meM padmAsana se sthita 5-5 jina pratimAe~ hotI haiM jinheM devagaNa pUjate haiM (gA. 215) / ina pratimAoM ke sAmane pratyeka dizA meM 5-5 mAnastambha virAjamAna haiN| pratyeka dizA 7-7 pratimAoM sahita haiM (gA. 216 ) / vyaMtara devoM ke 8 caityavRkSa hote haiN| caityavRkSoM ke mUla kI pratyeka dizA meM 4-4 toraNoM se yukta padmAsana sthita 4-4 jina pratimAeM devoM dvArA pUjya haiN| pratyeka pratimA ke Age eka-eka mAnastambha hai jo tIna pITha Upara tathA tIna koToM se ghirA huA hai (gA. 253-255 ) 1 naratiryagloka meM bhI jambUvRkSa aura zAlmalivRkSa Adi meM jinamaMdira sthita haiM (gA. 562 ) / nandIzvara dvIpa ke jinAlaya AThavA~ dvIpa nandIzvara ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa dvIpa ke 52 parvata para 52 jinAlaya haiN| unameM anya devoM aura bhavanatrika ke sAtha saudharmAdi kalpoM ke 12 indra apane vimAnoM meM ArUr3ha ho divya phala evaM puSpa Adi sahita nandIzvara dvIpa jAkara pratyeka varSa ke ASAr3ha, kArtika aura phAlguna mAsa kI aSTamI se pUrNimA taka do-do pahara pUjA karate haiM (gA. 973-976) / utkRSTa, madhyama aura jaghanya jinAlayoM kA AyAma krama se 100 yojana, 50 yojana aura 25 yojana pramANa hai ( gA. 983) / sabhI jinAlayoM ke cAra gopura dvAroM sahita maNimaya tIna koTa haiN| pratyeka vIthI meM eka-eka mAnastambha aura nava-nava stUpa haiM
Page #261
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 69 (gA. 983) / pratyeka jinabhavana meM 108 garbhagRha aura ratna staMbhoM sahita eka-eka maNDapa hai| pratyeka garbhagRha meM siMhAsanAdi yukta eka-eka ratnamaya jinapratimA hotI hai jo AdinAtha bhagavAn sadRza 500 dhanuSa U~cI hai (gA. 985-86) / jinapratimAoM kI zobhA kA varNana- ( gAthA 988 ) ye jina pratimAe~ cauMsaTha camaroM se vIjyamAna haiN| nAgakumAra ke 32 yugaloM aura vakSoM ke 32 yugaloM sahita eka eka garbhagRha meM sadRza paMkti meM zobhAyamAna haiN| una pratimAoM ke pArzvabhAga meM zrI (lakSmI) devI, zruta (sarasvatI) devI, sarvAMNha yakSa aura sanatkumAra yakSa kI pratimAe~ tathA jhArI, darpaNa, kalaza Adi aSTamaMgala dravya haiN| ye pratyeka maMgala dravya 108 108 pramANa hote haiM (gA. 987-989), Age kI gAthAoM meM garbhagRha ke bAhara zobhA kA varNana hai| vahAM siddhArtha aura caitva nAma ke do vRkSa haiN| inakI cAroM dizAoM kI pITha meM cAra siddha pratimAe~ aura cAra arahanta pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiM, mahAdhvajAe~ sthita haiM (gaa.1002)| dhvajapITha ke Age jinamaMdira haiN| pratyeka jinamaMdira kI cAroM dizAoM meM siMha, vRSabha, hAthI, garur3a, mayUra, candra, sUrya, haMsa, kamala aura cakra se cinhita 108, 108 mukhya dhvajAaiM haiN| inake sAtha 108-108 choTI dhvajAeM hotI haiN| dvitIya aura tRtIya koTa ke antarAla meM cAra vana haiM jinameM bhojanAMgAdi daza prakAra ke kalpavRkSa haiM, puSpa aura phaloM se yukta caityavRkSa haiM jinake cAroM ora prAtihArya yukta jinabiMba virAjamAna haiN| isa prakAra jinapratimAeM aura jinamaMdira divya zobhAyukta haiM, jo vairAgya bhAvabodhaka haiN| caturNikAya ke devoM dvArA jinendra bhagavAn kA abhiSeka pUjana deva utpanna hone ke uparAMta sarovara meM snAna karate haiM phira abhiSeka aura alaMkAroM ko prApta hokara samyagdRSTi jIva svayaM jinendra bhagavAn kA abhiSeka pUjana karate haiM kintu mithyAdRSTi deva anya devoM dvArA saMbodhita kiye jAne para jinapUjana karate haiN| (gA. 551-553 ) / isase spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn kI zobhA ke rUpa meM sthApita nAgayugala, yakSayugala aura anya deviyoM yakSoM kI pUjA devaloka ke devoM dvArA nahIM kI jAtI kyoMki ve apUjya haiN| ve to jinendra bhagavAn kI zobhA, bhakta-sevaka ke rUpa meM sthApita haiN| unakI samarpita sevA kA phala jinendradeva kI nikaTatA hai na ki jinendra sama pUjyatA jainadarzana meM asaMyamI, rAgI devI-devatA apUjya haiN| nArI aura nArI pratimA pUjya nahIM hai| sarvANa yakSa aura sanatkumAra yakSa ko dharmacakra saMvAhana karane ke kAraNa sammAna milaa| indrAdika ko yaha sammAna nahIM milaa| pratIkAtmaka zrIdevI aura zrutadevI kI mUrtiyoM kA aucitya gAthA 988 meM bhagavAn jinendradeva kI pratimA ke pArzva meM zrIdevI aura zrutadevI kI mUrtiyoM kI zobhA kA ullekha hai| trilokasArajI meM ina deviyoM ke nAma, vaibhava yA jinazAsana meM kisI yogadAna kA koI saMketa nahIM hai| gAthA 555 kI utthAnikA meM zaMkA kI gaI ki devAdika saMpatti kina jIvoM ko prApta hotI hai? usake samAdhAna meM gAthA 555
Page #262
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 aayii| vivihatavarayaNabhUsA NANasucI siilvtthsommNgaa| je tesimeva vassA suralacchI siddhilacchI y|| artha- 'mokSalakSmI aura suralakSmI' unhIM jIvoM ke vaza meM hotI hai jinake aMga niraMtara nAnA prakAra ke tapoM se vibhUSita, jJAna se pavitra aura zIla rUpI vastra ke saMyoga se saumya rahate haiN| ukta gAthA meM 'mokSa' aura 'svarga' ko lakSmI kahA hai| isa prakAra lakSmI zabda vyaktivAcI na hokara bhAvavAcI hai| jisa prakAra vaidika paraMparA meM viSNu jI kI patnI lakSmI ke rUpa meM pUjya haiM, vaisI sthiti di. jaina paraMparA meM nahIM hai| yahA~ lakSmI rUpaka hai| yahI sthiti sarasvatI devI kI hai| vaidika paraMparA meM sarasvatI pitA ko mohita karane vAlI brahmAjI kI putrI haiN| jaina paraMparA meM dvAdazAMgavANI, kevalajJAna ke pratIka rUpa meM sarasvatI zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra lakSmI aura sarasvatI devI kI mUrtiyAM pratIkAtmaka haiN| ye sUrya-candramA jaise upameya nahIM haiM, jinakI upamA kisI ko dI jaaye| pratIkAtmaka mUrtiyA~ pUjya kaise ho sakatI haiM? jinendradeva kA astitva hai, ata: unakI mUrtiyAM sthApita hotI haiM aura pUjya haiN| dvAdazAMga rUpa zruta devatA vyaktiniSTha deva nahIM hote| jinAgama hI zruta devatA hai| naratiryaglokAdhikAra ke anusAra jambUdvIpa ke himavAn Adi chaha parvatoM para padma, mahApadma Adi chaha vizAla sarovara sthita haiN| gAthA 572 ke anusAra ina sarAvaroM ke kamaloM para zrI, hrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI nAma kI chaha devAMganAeM apane parivAra sahita nivAsa karatI haiN| inameM prathama tIna saudharmendra kI devakumAriyA~ haiM aura aMtima tIna IzAnendra kI devakumAriyA~ haiM (gaa.577)| ina devakumAriyoM kA aisA koI karttavya spaSTa nahIM hai jo unheM viziSTa sammAna dilA ske| isI saMdarbha meM trilokasArajI ke TIkAkAra zrI paM. ToDaramalajI ne mokSa-svarga aura dhanarUpa lakSmI tathA jinavANIrUpa sarasvatI kI jagat meM utkRSTatA darzAte hue unake devAMganA ke AkAra rUpa pratibiMba hone kA samAdhAna diyA hai| vizeSa bhakta kA saMbodhana sarvANhayakSa aura sanatkumAra yakSa ke liye kiyA hai, pratIkAtmaka deviyoM ke liye nahIM kiyaa| zrI paM. ToDaramalajI ke isa samAdhAna se lakSmI aura sarasvatI deviyoM tathA kalpita zAsana devoM kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kA aucitya siddha nahIM hotaa| yaha bAlU se tela nikAlane jaisA asaMbhava kRtya hai| devoM dvArA apUjya ko vivekI manuSya pUjya kaise mAna sakate haiM? vicAraNIya hai| upasaMhAra AcArya kalpa paM. ToDaramalajI ne mokSamArga prakAzaka tathA paM. sadAsukhadAsajI ne ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra kI TIkA meM kSetrapAla, padmAvatI evaM anya rAgI devI-devatAoM kI pUjA ko gRhIta mithyAtva mAnA hai| unakI isa spaSTa Agamika dhAraNA ko thothe, virodhAbhAsI aura unmAda bhare kutarko se vikRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| digambara jaina paraMparA
Page #263
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 71 meM to mAtra paMcaparameSThI hI pUjya haiN| jinadeva ke bhakta, vizeSa bhakta sammAnanIya haiN| sammAnanIya ko pUjya mAnanA abhiprAya ke anusAra anaMta saMsAra kA kAraNa ho jAtA hai| yaha doSa-aticAra kI zreNI meM bhI nahIM AtA gRhIta midhyAtva aura devamUr3hatA kA prabhAva kSetra eka samAna nahIM hai| jo vidvAn, jinadIkSAdhArI, AryikA gaNinI aura saMsthAe~ gRhIta midhyAtva kA poSaNa aura pracAra kara rahI haiM ve jinendrabhakta kaise ho sakatI haiM? gRhIta mithyAtva ke poSaNa aura siddhi ke liye zrI trilokasArajI graMtha aura usakI TIkA ko AdhAra banAnA jinazAsana ko samUla dhvasta karane jaisA jaghanya aparAdha hai| siddhAnta cakravartI nemicandrAcArya kRta zrI trilokasArajI graMtha di. jaina mUlAmnAya kA vItarAgatA dyotaka graMtha hai| isameM jinendradeva aura jinAlayoM kI vaMdanA kI gaI hai| devagaNa bhI aisA hI karate haiN| kisI rAgI devI-devatA yA asaMyamI kI vaMdanA karane kI siddhi kahIM nahIM hotii| yakSa-yakSiNI kSetrapAla evaM lakSmI, sarasvatI kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA jinazAsana ke anurUpa nahIM hai, pratigAmI hai aura anaMta saMsAravarddhaka hai| sudhIjana mArgadarzana kreN| bI-369, o. pI. ema. kAlonI, amalAI -484117 jilA - zahaDola (ma.pra.) manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA jo bhavio maNuabhavaM lahiuM dhammaNyamAyamAyaraD / so laDaM ciMtAmaNiravaNaM ravaNAyare gmdd'| arthAt jo bhavya jIva manuSya bhava ko prApta karake dharma ke AcaraNa meM pramAda karatA hai vaha prApta kie gae cintAmaNi ratna ko samudra meM kho detA hai| jisa prakAra samudra meM girA ratna punaH milanA durlabha hai usI prakAra ekabAra manuSya paryAya ko vyartha meM hI viSaya kaSAyoM meM kho diyA to phira punaH manuSya bhava prApta karanA durlabha hai| jaise cintamaNi ratna se mAtra cintana karane se manacAhA padArtha prApta ho jAtA hai vaise hI manuSya paryAya se mokSaphala kI prApti sambhava hai, isalie manuSya paryAya ko AcAryoM ne durlabha kahA hai|
Page #264
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhUmikA : jaina dharma nirapekSatA - satendrakumAra jaina bhArata dharma pradhAna deza hone ke sAtha karma pradhAna deza bhI hai| yahA~ bhAgya ke sAtha puruSArtha ko bhI samAnatA se mAnyatA prApta hai| pratyeka dharma meM bhedabhAva se rahita hokara AcaraNa karane para bala diyA gayA hai| bhArata meM samAna saMskRti aura sabhyatA vAle loga to milakara rahate hI haiM parantu asamAna sabhyatA aura saMskRti vAle logoM kA samAveza bhI bhArata kI dharma nirapekSatA kI vizeSatA hai yahA~ para vibhinna jAti, dharma, saMskRti, sabhyatA ke anuyAyI nivAsa karate haiN| ina sabhI ke madhya bhAIcArA kA saMbandha sthApita karane ke lie dharma nirapekSatA kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| jainadharma kA kathana hai ki sabhI jIvoM ke prati maitrI, pramoda, karuNA, mAdhyastha kA bhAva rakhane se dveSabhAva kama hotA hai| anya dharmoM ne mAtra manuSya ke prati maitrI prema kA bhAva rakhane kA saMketa diyA hai parantu jainadarzana meM AcArya amitagati ne kahA hai ki 2 sattveSu maitrI guNiSu pramodaM kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpAparatvaM / mAdhyasthabhAvaM viparItavRttI sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu devI // " arthAt sajjana puruSoM se mitratA, guNIjanoM meM Ananda kA bhAva, pApI jIvoM meM kRpA kA bhAva tathA viparItavRtti vAle jIvoM meM mAdhyastha bhAva rakhanA caahiye| ina bhAvoM ke kAraNa se buddhi meM vikAra bhAva utpanna nahIM hote tathA vyakti niHsvArtha bhAvanA se satata dharma nirapekSatA ke prati prayatnazIla hotA hai| dharma kA svarUpa : jainadarzana ke pariprekSya meM vividha AcAryoM ne dharma ke svarUpa kA kathana bahu prakAra se kiyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra svAmI ne ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai kidezayAmi samIcInaM dharma karma nivrhnnm| saMsAra duHkhataH sattvAn yo dharatyuttame sukhe // 2 arthAt jo jIvoM ke karma nAza karane meM sahAyaka tathA saMsAra rUpI duHkha se uThAkara sukha meM dharatA hai usa dharma ko kahane kI pratijJA AcArya mahArAja ne kI hai| isI prakAra anya kaviyoM ne bhI kahA hai jo dharmAtmA puruSoM ko nIcapada se uccapada meM dhAraNa karatA hai vaha dharma kahalAtA hai| saMsAra nIcapada hai tathA mokSa uccapada hai| jo manuSya ko isa apAra saMsAra - sAgara ke duHkhoM se uddhAra karake nitya aura avinAzI sukha vAle mokSa meM dhare, use dharma jAnanA cAhiye / yazastilaka campU meM somadeva sUri mahArAja ne abhyudaya mokSa sukha prApta karAne vAle ko
Page #265
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 73 dharma kahA hai tathA sarvArthasiddhikAra AcArya pUjyapAdasvAmI ne iSTasthAne dhatte iti dharmaH kahakara AtmA ko iSTa sthAna meM dharane vAle ko dharma kahA hai|" nirapekSatA kA artha : dharma nirapekSatA meM do zabdoM kA samAveza hotA hai| jisameM dharma kA artha dhAraNa karanA hai tathA nirapekSatA kA artha ekAnta apekSA se rahita honA hai arthAt jisameM ekAnta apekSA se rahita hokara anekAnta ko dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dharma nirapekSatA hai| saiddhAntika dharma nirapekSatA : jainadarzana meM jina siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana arihanta bhagavantoM ne kiyA hai vaha sabhI jIva mAtra ke lie hai| cAhe ve ekandriya hoM athavA paMcendriya hoM, cAhe nimna varga ke hoM athavA uccavarga ke ho sabhI ko ina siddhAntoM ko mAnane ke lie svataMtratA prApta hai| ye siddhAnta kisI ke vyaktigata na hokara sArvajanika siddhAnta haiM, tabhI to jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kI anya bhAratIya darzanoM ke siddhAntoM ke sAtha samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| ise hI dharma nirapekSatA ke aMtargata liyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM siddhAntoM kA vivecana jitanA sUkSma dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai utanA anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM sUkSma rUpa prApta nahIM hotA apitu bhAratIya darzanoM meM ina siddhAntoM kA bahiraMga rUpa athavA sthUla rUpa kA vivecana prApta hotA hai| ahiMsA : ahiMsA jainAcAra kA prANa tattva hai| ise hI paramabrahma aura paramadharma kahA gayA hai| kisI jIva ko mAtra mAranA hI hiMsA nahIM hai| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kA saMbandha to hamAre bhAvoM, pariNAmoM (vicAroM) se hai| ise hameM vyApaka arthoM meM samajhanA caahie| yU~ to saMsAra meM sarvatra jIva bhare haiM tathA ve pratisamaya apane-apane nimittoM se marate rahate haiN| itane mAtra se koI hiMsaka nahIM ho sktaa| jainadharma ke anusAra hiMsA rUpa pariNAma hone para hI kisI ko hiMsaka kahA jA sakatA hai| hiMsA kI paribhASA batAte hue AcArya umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai ki pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA' arthAt jaba koI pramAdI banakara, jAna-bUjhakara asAvadhAnI athavA lAparavAhI se kisI bhI jIva kA ghAta karatA hai athavA kaSTa pahu~cAtA hai tabhI use hiMsaka kahA jA sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki hiMsA tIna paristhitiyoM meM hotI hai| pahalI jAna bUjhakara - abhiprAya pUrvaka, dUsarI asAvadhAnI yA lAparavAhI janya aura tIsarI hiMsA na cAhate hue bhI pUrNa sAvadhAnI baratane para bhI acAnaka yA anAyAsa kisI jIva kA vadha ho jAne para jaba koI prerita vyakti kaSAya ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI para vAra karatA hai to yaha hiMsA kaSAya prerita hiMsA asAvadhAnIkRta hiMsA kahI jAtI hai, lekina para ko kaSTa pahu~cAne kI bhAvanA se zUnya pUrI taraha se sAvadhAna vyAkti dvArA yadi anAyAsa kisI prANI kA ghAta ho jAtA hai to ukta paristhiti meM use hiMsaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa bAta ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda svAmI kahate haiM kiuccaliyamhi pAe iriyAsamidassa NiggamatyAe / AbAdhenja kuliMga marijja taM jogamAsenja hi tassa taNimitto bandho sahamovi desido smye|
Page #266
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 yadi koI manuSya sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jIvoM ko bacAte hue dekhabhAla kara cala rahA hai, phira bhI yadi kadAcit koI jIva usake pairoM ke nIce Akara mara bhI jAe to use tajjanya hiMsA saMbandhI sUkSma pApa bhI nahIM lagatA, kyoMki usake mana meM hiMsA kA bhAva nahIM hai tathA vaha sAvadhAna hai| 74 jainadarzana meM ahiMsA ko vrata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai tathA usakI rakSA ke lie pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| kahA hai ki vAGmanoguptIrvAdAnaniSekSaNasamityAlokitapAnabhojanAni paMca' arthAt ahiMsA kI rakSA ke lie vacanagupti, manogupti, IryAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNa samiti aura AlokitapAna bhojana kA pAlana karanA caahie| inake doSoM se bacane ke lie baMdha, vadha, cheda, atibhArAropaNa aura annapAna nirodha kA niSedha kiyA hai| anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM ahiMsA kA itanA sUkSma vivecana aprApya hai, parantu dharma nirapekSatA ke kAraNa anya darzanoM meM jaina ahiMsA ke sthUla rUpa ke samAna ahiMsA ko mAnA hai| jisameM dUsare jIvoM ko kAya se satAnA, mAranA tathA duHkha denA hiMsA kahA hai tathA inase bacane kA nAma ahiMsA kahA hai parantu vacana aura mana se kI jAne vAlI hiMsA ko parigaNita nahIM kiyA hai| satyavrata : satyavrata jainadharma kA maulika tattva hai| ahiMsA kI ArAdhanA ke lie satya kI upAsanA anivArya hai| jhUThA vyakti sahI arthoM meM ahiMsaka AcaraNa kara hI nahIM sakatA tathA saccA ahiMsaka kabhI asatya AcaraNa nahIM kara sakatA / satya aura ahiMsA meM itanA ghaniSTa saMbandha hai ki eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kA pAlana ho hI nahIM sktaa| ye donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| jisa jhUTha se samAja meM pratiSThA na rahe, prAmANikatA khaNDita hotI ho, logoM meM avizvAsa utpanna hotA ho tathA rAjadaNDa kA bhAgI bananA par3e, isa prakAra ke jhUTha ko sthUla jhUTha kahate haiN| satyANuvratI Avaka isa prakAra ke sthUla jhUTha kA mana, vacana, kAya se sarvathA tyAga karatA hai, sAtha hI vaha kabhI aisA satya bhI nahIM bolatA jisase kisI para Apatti AtI ho| vaha apanI ahiMsaka bhAvanA kI surakSA ke lie hita, mita aura priya vacanoM kA hI prayoga karatA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI jI ne satya kI paribhASA meM kahA hai ki asadabhidhAnamanRtam' arthAt asat kahanA jhUTha hai asat ke tIna artha lie jA sakate haiM pahalA artha jo bAta nahIM hai vaha kahanA, dUsarA artha jaisI bAta kahI gaI hai vaisI na kahanA, tIsarA artha burAI yA durbhAvanA ko lekara kisI se khnaa| ise jhUTha kahA gayA hai| anya bhAratIya dharmoM meM satya ko Izvara kA rUpa kahA gayA hai| prAcIna yuga meM eka kahAvata thI ki isa saMsAra se yadi satya naSTa ho jAe to saMsAra samApta ho jaaegaa| pArasI dharma meM namratA, dayA, prema, zAnti ke sAtha satkathana arthAt satyatA ko bhI dharma kI saMjJA dI hai|" buddha ne apane anuyAyiyoM ke AcaraNa ke lie cAra niyamoM kA pratipAdana kiyA jisameM mRSAvAda kA artha asatya nahIM bolane kA nirdeza diyA hai|" mahAbhArata kAla meM yudhiSThira ko satya bolana ke kAraNa dharmarAja kI upAdhi se bhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| purANa
Page #267
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 75 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 kathAoM meM rAjA harizcandra ko satya kI mUrti ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isa prakAra bhedabhAva se rahita hone ke kAraNa sabhI dharmoM ke mUla niyamoM meM samAnatA dekhI jAtI hai| acaurya vrata : corI hiMsA kA eka rUpa hai| ahiMsA ke samyak paripAlana ke lie corI kA tyAga bhI Avazyaka hai| jaba kisI kI koI vastu corI ho jAtI hai athavA vaha kisI prakAra se ThagA jAtA hai to use bahuta mAnasika pIr3A hotI hai| usa mAnasika pIr3A ke pariNAmasvarUpa kabhI-kabhI hRdayAghAta bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH corI karane se ahiMsA nahIM pala sakatI tathA corI karane vAlA satya kA pAlana nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki satya aura corI donoM sAtha-sAtha nahIM ho skte| AcArya umAsvAmI ne corI kA kathana karate hue kahA hai| ki adattAdAnaM steyam" arthAt binA kisI ke dvArA dI huI vastu ko grahaNa karanA corI kahalAtI hai tathA jisa para apanA svAmitva nahIM hai, aisI kisI bhI parAI vastu ko binA anumati ke grahaNa karanA corI hai| zrAvaka sthUla corI kA tyAga karatA hai| vaha jala aura miTTI ke sivAya binA anumati ke kisI ke bhI svAmitva kI vastu kA upayoga nahIM krtaa| vaha mArga meM par3I huI, rakhI huI yA kisI kI bhUlI huI, alpa yA adhika mUlya vAlI kisI vastu ko grahaNa nahIM karatA / acauryavratI ukta prakAra kI samasta coriyoM kA tyAga kara detA hai, jisake karane se rAjadaNDa bhoganA par3atA hai| samAja meM avizvAsa bar3hatA hai tathA prAmANikatA khaNDita hotI. hai / pratiSThA ko dhakkA lagatA hai| kisI ko ThaganA, kisI kI jeba kATanA, kisI kA tAlA tor3anA, kisI ko lUTanA, DAkA DAlanA, kisI ke ghara seMdha lagAnA, kisI kI saMpatti har3apa lenA, kisI kA gar3A dhana nikAla lenA Adi saba sthUla corI ke udAharaNa haiN| bhAratIya daNDa saMhitA aura bhAratIya darzana corI ko aparAdha mAnate haiM tathA corI karane vAle ko pApI kahate haiN| isI kAraNa prAcIna samaya meM rAjA corI karane vAle vyakti ke hAtha Adi kaTavA dete the| ata: sarvavidita hai ki corI aparAdha hai vahI jainadarzana corI ko sUkSma aura sthUla ke bheda se Avaka aura sAdhaka ko tyAgane kA nirdeza karatA hai| brahmacarya vrata : yaunAcAra ke tyAga ko brahmacarya kahate haiN| gRhastha apanI kamajorI vaza pUrNa brahmacarya grahaNa nahIM kara paataa| usake lie vivAha kA mArga khulA hai vaha kauTumbika jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| usake vivAha kA pramukha uddezya dharma, artha aura kAma puruSArthoM kA sevana karanA hI hotA hai| vivAha ke bAda vaha apanI patnI ke atirikta anya sabhI striyoM ko mAtA, bahina aura putrI kI taraha samajhatA hai tathA patnI apane pati ke sivAya anya sabhI puruSoM ko pitA, bhAI aura putra kI taraha samajhatI huI donoM eka dUsare ke sAtha hI saMtuSTa rahate haiN| ise brahmacaryANuvrata yA svadArasaMtoSa vrata kahate haiN| brahmacarya ko hindu evaM jainadharma donoM dharma mahattvapUrNa mAnate haiN| hinduoM meM nAgA sAdhuoM ko sabase utkRSTa sAdhu mAnA jAtA hai| ve nAgA sAdhu AjIvana brahmacArI rahate haiM, parantu jaina AgamoM meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmacaryadhArI jIva ko indra bhI namaskAra karatA hai| jainadarzana meM svadAra saMtoSI zrAvaka ko
Page #268
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 76 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 bhI AMzika brahmacArI kahA gayA hai anya darzanoM kI apekSA jainadarzana meM brahmacarya kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana prApta hotA hai utanA sUkSma vivecana anyatra aprApya hai| aparigraha vrata : dhana-dhAnyAdi bAhya padArthoM ke prati mamatva, mUrchA yA Asakti ko parigraha kahate haiN| manuSya ke pAsa jitanI adhika saMpatti kI kAmanA hotI hai usake pAsa utanI hI adhika mUrchA Asakti yA mamatva hotI hai| apanI isI Asakti ke kAraNa AvazyakatA na hone para bhI vaha adhika se adhika dhana prApta karane kI koziza karatA hai| yadyapi manuSya kI AvazyakatAe~ bahuta sImita haiN| una AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti thor3e se prayatna se kI jA sakatI haiM, kintu AkAMkSAoM ke ananta hone ke kAraNa manuSya meM aura adhika jor3ane kI bhAvanA banI rahatI hai ise parigraha kI saMjJA dI hai| saMsAra meM parigraha ko pApa kI saMjJA dene vAlA jainadharma hI eka mAtra dharma hai| anya dharma parigraha ko pApa na mAnakara AjIvikA kA sAdhana mAnate haiM aura use prApta karane ke lie pUrA jIvana samApta kara dete haiN| phira bhI kucha aMzoM meM vaidika dharma meM sAdhu jIvana ko tyAgI jIvana kahA hai jisase parigraha kA saMdeza to diyA hai parantu pApa kI saMjJA nahIM dii| jalagAlana: jainadharma meM pAnI chAnane kI eka vizeSa vidhi hai| jisameM eka moTA kapar3A liyA jAtA hai jisase sUrya kI rozanI ArapAra nahIM jA ske| usakA nApa 36 aMgula lambA aura 24 aMgula caur3A vastra ko doharA karake pAnI chAnane kA nirdeza hai| aise kapar3e se pAnI chAnane se anachane pAnI meM jo trasa jIva hote haiM ve chana jAte haiM aura pAnI 48 miniTa taka ke lie trasa jIvoM kI utpatti sthAna se rahita ho jAtA hai| parantu chane hue pAnI meM sthAvara sUkSma jIva pAye jAte haiM jo kapar3e se nahIM chana pAte kyoMki ve bAdhA rahita hote haiN| pAnI ko ina sUkSma jIvoM se rahita karane ke lie prAsuka kiyA jAtA hai jisase jala sUkSma evaM trasa jIva donoM se rahita ho jAtA hai aura isameM zItala svabhAva apane taka donoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI utpatti sthAna nahIM bnte| isa prakAra ke jala ko grahaNa karane kA sAdhu ko nirdeza diyA hai| sAdhu trasa, sthAvara donoM prakAra ke jIvoM kI hiMsA ke tyAgI hote haiN| isalie vaha garma pAnI ko hI grahaNa karate haiM tathA DaoNkTara aura vaijJAnika bhI logoM ko svasthatA ke lie garma prAsuka jala pIne kI salAha dete haiN| isase jIvoM kI hiMsA se bhI bacA jA sakatA hai tathA svAsthya bhI acchA rakhA jA sakatA hai| jagadIza caMda basu ne anachane pAnI kI eka da meM 36450 trasa jIva batAye haiN| jaina granthoM ke anusAra ukta jIvoM kI saMkhyA kAphI adhika hai| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki eka jala bindu meM itane jIva pAye jAte haiM ki ve yadi kabUtara kI taraha ur3eM to pUre jambUdvIpa ko vyApta kara leN| ukta jIva ke bacAva ke lie pAnI ko vastra se chAnakara pInA caahie| manusmRti meM bhI dRSTipUtaM nyaset pAdaM vastrapUtaM pibet jalam kahakara jala chAnakara pIne kA parAmarza diyA gayA hai|' jainadarzana meM pAnI chAnane kA mUla uddezya jIvoM kI rakSA karanA tathA jIvahiMsA se bacakara svAsthya lAbha prApta karanA hai| isI kAraNa prAcInakAla meM aura vartamAna kAla meM
Page #269
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 77 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 grAmoM meM Aja bhI pAnI ko kuoM, tAlAboM se nikAlakara usakI jIvANI arthAt chane hue trasa jIvoM ko yathAsthAna pahu~cAne ke lie kunde kI bAlTI se kue~ yA tAlAba meM vApasa pahu~cAte haiN| isake sAtha hI pAnI nikAlate samaya dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki pAnI kI jIvANI bhI usa jalAzaya meM DAlanI cAhie nahIM to bhinna prakRti kA pAnI aura jIva hone ke kAraNa jIvANI vAle jIva maraNa ko prApta ho jaaegeN| isa prakAra chane pAnI ke prayoga se svAsthya tathA dharma donoM kI rakSA hotI hai| anya darzanoM meM bhI pAnI chAnane ke lie nirdeza dete hue kahA hai ki saMvatsareNa yatpApaM kurute mtsyvedhkH| ekAhena tadAproti apUta jala sNgrhii||17 arthAt eka machalI mArane vAlA varSa bhara meM jitanA pApa arjita karatA hai, utanA pApa binA chane jala kA upayoga karane vAlA eka dina meM kara letA hai| isI prakAra uttara mImAMsA meM jala chAnane kI vidhi kA ullekha karate hue kahate haiM ki triMzadaMgulapramANaM viNshtyNgulmaayt| tadvastraM dviguNIkRtya gAlayeccodakaM pibet| tasmin vastre sthitA jIvA sthApayejjalamadhyataH evaM kRtvA pibettoyaM sa yAti paramAM gtim|| arthAt tIsa aMgula lambe aura bIsa aMgula caur3e vastra ko doharA karake usase chAnakara jala piyeM tathA usa vastra meM jo jIva haiM unako usI jalAzaya meM sthApita kara denA cAhie jahA~ se vaha jala lAyA gayA ho| isa prakAra se jo manuSya jala pItA hai vaha uttama gati ko prApta hotA hai| ataH jainadharma evaM anya dharmoM ke siddhAntoM meM sAmaJjasya dekhane para yaha jJAta hotA hai ki pUrva yuga meM jainadharma vyaktigata kisI jAti kA dharma nahIM thA vaha sArvabhaumika evaM dharma nirapekSa thaa| rAtribhojana tyAga : jIvana meM sukha kA anubhava karane ke lie svAsthya lAbha Avazyaka hai| svAsthya lAbha se hI mAnava jIvana tathA anya jIvoM kA jIvana sukhI aura zAnta bana sakatA hai| isake lie eka kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai ki pahalA sukha nirogI kAyA isa nirogI kAyA ke lie prANI aneka prayatna karatA hai vaha apanA pUrA jIvana zarIra ko nirogI banAne tathA saMbhAlane meM lagA detA hai| parantu yaha zarIra phira bhI rogI banA rahatA hai| isakA kAraNa eka hI hai ki vaha kArya to nirogI hone ke karatA nahIM para nirogI bananA cAhatA hai| AcAryoM ne zarIra ko nirogI karane ke lie rAtribhojana tyAga karanA jIvoM ke lie Avazyaka batAyA hai| sabhI jIvoM meM lagabhaga sabhI zAkAhArI jIva to rAtri meM AhAra grahaNa nahIM karate parantu mAnava eka aisA mana vikasita prANI hai jo jAnakara bhI rAtri meM AhAra grahaNa kara apanI kAyA ko rogI tathA Ayu ko kama karatA hai|
Page #270
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 18 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 rAtribhojana ke kAraNa : 1. rAtribhojana ke kuprabhAvoM kI sahI jAnakArI kA abhaav| 2. sAmAjika aura naukarI peze kI avyvsthaaeN| 3. kAryAlayoM aura dukAnoM meM bhojana avakAza kA samaya nirdhArita na honaa| 4. asamaya meM bAlakoM kA skUla, kaoNleja aura TyUzana Adi krnaa| 5. subaha kI cAya, nAztA, laMca Adi prAraMbha hone se dina meM nirdhArita samaya para bhUkha nahIM lgnaa| 6. mana aura indriyoM para niyaMtraNa kA abhaav| 7. bhautika samasyAoM kI bar3hatI AvazyakatA aura usakI pUrti ke kuprayAsa krnaa| 8. Arthika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu rAta-dina zrama krnaa| 9. sUrya aura kRtrima prakAza meM aMtara kI jAnakArI kA abhAva honaa| 10. pAzcAtya saMskRti aura AdhunikatA kA carama sImA para prbhaav| 11. vivAha, pArTI Adi meM sAmUhika rAtribhojana ko dekhakara rAtribhojana tyAgI ko vyaMgya, tarka-kutarka karake jabarana rAtri bhojana karane ko bAdhya krnaa| 12. TIvI sinemA Adi para rAtri bhojana meM mauja-mastI kA pradarzana aura cATa, lArI, hoTala, bhojanAlaya Adi meM rAta-dina bhojana kA upalabdha honaa| rAtribhojana tyAga kI AvazyakatA : rAtribhojana tyAga ke mahattva ko jAnane ke sAtha-sAtha hameM zArIrika saMracanA ko jAnanA bhI parama Avazyaka hai| saMsAra ke pratyeka prANiyoM ke zarIra kI saMracanA bhinna bhinna prakAra hai, alaga alaga AkAra prakAra se bhojana karane aura pacAne kI prakriyA hotI hai| Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ke anusAra duniyA kA sabase bar3A Azcarya mAnava zarIra hai| vaijJAnika bhI isa mAnava zarIra ke bAre meM UhApoha meM jur3e haiM ki Akhira yaha mAnava zarIra itane varSoM taka niraMtara kaise calatA rahatA hai jo saMvedanA se yukta hotA hai, jo acche-bure kA jJAna karA detA hai jo andara rAsAyanika padArthoM ko taiyAra karake AvazyakatA par3ane para bAhara nikAlatA rahatA hai jo andara hI andara apanA bhojana pacAkara Avazyaka UrjA detA rahatA hai aura bAharI rogANuoM se apanI surakSA karatA rahatA hai parantu jo isakI prakRti ke viruddha AtA hai use tatkAla daNDa bhI detA hai| anya dharmoM meM rAtribhojana kA niSedha : vartamAna yuga meM rAtribhojana kA sevana pratyeka dharma kA anuyAyI kara rahA hai| use isa viSaya kI jAnakArI nahIM hai ki rAtribhojana karane se dharma ke sAtha svAsthya bhI kharAba hotA hai| vaidika sAhitya meM rAtri bhojana ke niSedha ke lie aneka graMthoM meM ullekha prApta hotA hai| mahAbhArata ke zAMtiparva meM rAtribhojana ko naraka kA dvAra batalAte hue kahate haiM ki narakadvArANi catvAri prathamaM raatribhojnN| parastrIgamanaM caiva sNdhaanaanntkaayike| ye rAtrau sarvadAhAraM varjayanti sumedhsH| teSAM pakSopavAsasya phalaM mAsena jaayte|| nodakamapi pAtavyaM rAtrAvatra yudhisstthirH| tapasvinAM vizeSeNa gRhiNAM ca vivekinaa||
Page #271
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 79 __ arthAt rAtri bhojana karanA, parastrI gamana karanA, acAra-murabbA Adi kA sevana karanA tathA kaMdamUla Adi anantakAya padArtha khAnA ye cAra naraka ke dvAra haiN| unameM pahalA rAtribhojana karanA hai| jo rAtri meM saba prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kara dete haiM, unheM eka mAha meM eka pakSa ke upavAsa kA phala milatA hai| he yudhiSThira! vizeSakara tapasviyoM evaM jJAna saMpanna gRhasthoM ko to rAtri meM jala bhI nahIM pInA caahie| mArkaNDeya maharSi ne bhI kahA hai ki sUrya ke asta ho jAne para jala ko khUna tathA anna bhakSaNa ko mA~sa ke samAna jAnanA caahie|20 ataH rAtribhojana tyAga karanA hI zreyaskara hai| jainadharma aura anya dharmoM ke kucha siddhAntoM kA samAveza : 1. jainadarzana meM pratyeka zrAvaka ko cAhe vaha kSatriya ho yA zUdra ho yA vaizya athavA brAhmaNa ho sabhI ko Apattijanaka vastuoM ke kraya-vikraya kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| yadi vaha Apattijanaka vastuoM kA kraya-vikraya karatA hai, viruddharAjyAtikramaNa nAmaka doSa se dUSita hotA huA pApa kA baMdha karatA hai| isI bAta kI aMzataH pUrti vaidika paraMparA meM dekhane ko milatI hai| vaidika paraMparA meM kahA gayA hai ki brAhmaNa ApattikAla meM vANijya karma kara sakatA hai kintu vastu vikraya ke saMbandha meM usa para niyaMtraNa the| vaha Apattijanaka vastuoM kA kadApi kraya-vikraya nahIM kara sktaa| ___ 2. jaina paramparA meM cAroM vargoM ko mAMsa-madirA ke tyAga kA nirdeza diyA hai parantu vaidika paramparA meM tInoM vargoM ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai aura zUdra varNa ko nimna mAnA gayA hai| nimna varNa ke loga mAMsa, madirA kA sevana kvacit kadAcit karate the parantu vartamAna samaya meM adhikAMza nimna varNa ke loga mAMsa-madirA kA atyadhika sevana karane lage haiN| vaidika paramparA meM nimna varNa ko ina karmoM ko karane kI chUTa de rakhI thii| aura kahA gayA hai ki zreSTha varNa ke loga ina padArthoM kA sevana karate haiM to ve bhI nimna varNa ke samAna mAne jaayeNge| 3. jainadarzana meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pavitratA ko mokSa kA sAdhana kahA gayA vahIM pArasI dharma meM humatA-sadvicAra, humabasatkathana, aura hubastA- satkArya ko svarga aura mokSa kI prApti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| 4. jainadarzana kI mUla jar3a ahiMsA ke sAtha kSamA, namratA, dayA, tyAga Adi ko dasa dharmoM kA lakSaNa kahA hai| isI prakAra jainAcArya somadeva ne naitikatA ke lie nItivAkyAmRta meM dharma meM naitikatA kI AvazyakatA ko pratipAdita kiyA hai, vahIM IsAI dharma meM mahAtmA IsA ne namratA, kSamA, dayA, tyAga Adi para vizeSa bala diyA hai tathA IsAI dharma meM bhI naitikatA ko dharma kA kendra mAnA hai|3|| 5. AcArya umAsvAmI ne parasparopagraho jIvAnAm sUtra dekara jIvoM ko paropakAra karane kA mArga batAyA tathA kahA ki dUsaroM kI niMdA karane se nIca gotra kA Azrava hotA hai| isI bAta ko islAma dharma meM kahA hai ki jo khudA ke mArga para calatA hai vahI sahI mArga para calatA hai| jo dhana paropakAra ke lie kharca kiyA gayA hai, vahI dhana tumhArA hai zeSa dhana tumhArA nahIM hai tathA kurAna zarIpha meM isa bAta para bhI jora diyA hai ki khudA kA baMdA zarAba na pIye aura juA na khele isase svAsthya aura dhana ke sAtha-sAtha dharma bhI naSTa hotA
Page #272
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 hai| jo mAnava svayaM ke doSoM ko nihAratA hai, use dUsaroM ke doSa dekhane kA avakAza nahIM hotaa| niMdA karane vAlA aura sunane vAlA- ye donoM hI samAna rUpa se pApI haiN| peTa aura upastha (jananendriya) ko harAma kI jagaha se bacAo kyoMki inhIM ke kAraNa se harAma ke kArya hote haiN| tumhArA karttavya hai ki jisane tumhAre sAtha asadvyavahAra kiyA ho unake sAtha sadvyavahAra karo tathA yatImoM (anAthoM) kI bhalAI kro| isa taha jainadarzana ke aMzataH saMyama AcaraNa zuddhatA Adi siddhAntoM kA darzana islAma dharma meM bhI pratibimbita hotA hai| 6. jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kA digdarzana sikha dharma meM bhI prApta hotA hai| sikha dharma meM AcaraNa para vizeSa jora diyA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki satya se bhI U~cA AcAra hai tathA kAma, krodha, moha, lobha, ahaMkAra Adi durguNoM para niyaMtraNa karane se cAritra unnata hotA hai| sikha dharma meM sabake Age jhukanA, kSamA karanA aura mIThA bolanA ye tIna vacana mukti ke mArga batAye gaye haiN|' sAMskRtika aura sAmAjika dharma nirapekSatA : ___ saMskRti kisI deza kI dharohara hotI hai| yadi saMskRti kA nAza ho jAtA hai to vaha deza bhI kucha dinoM taka jIvita rahatA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM rAjataMtra kA pracalana thaa| jisameM rAjA ke adhIna hokara dharma tathA karma kiyA jAtA thaa| yadi rAjA pakSapAtapUrNa vyavahAra karane vAlA hotA thA to prajA apanA dharma tathA karma nirvighnatA se nahIM kara sakatI thii| Agama yuga meM dekhA jAe to sabhI rAjA apanI prajA kI bhalAI ke lie pratikSaNa prayatna karate rahate the| ve sadaiva unakI rakSA karate the| parantu koI bhI rAjA prajA kI saMskRti ke sAtha anyAya pUrNa vyavahAra nahIM karatA thaa| rAjA kisI bhI saMskRti kA pAlana karane vAlA ho parantu vaha prajA kI saMskRti para AghAta nahIM pahu~cAtA thA aura yadi vaha prajA kI saMskRti para AghAta karatA thA to prajA use rAjyapada se cyuta kara detI thii| jaise upazreNika ne apane putra cilAtI ko rAjya pradAna kiyA thA parantu vaha prajA ke sAtha anyAya tathA prajA kI saMskRti ke sAtha AghAta pUrNa vyavahAra karane lagA thA jisase use prajA ne rAjasiMhAsana se cyuta karake zreNika ko rAjA niyukta kiyA thaa| isa saMskRti ke aMtargata mAnava kA rahana-sahana, AhAra-vihAra, vastroM kA pahanAva Adi karate the| pUrva kAla meM kisI bhI deza kA yA riyAsata kA rahana sahana pRthak hotA thA jisase usake deza ke kAla kA patA calatA thaa| jainadharma meM varNana prApta hotA hai ki rAjA prajA ke rahana-sahana para hastakSepa nahIM karatA thA tathA dUsare rAjya se Aye hue mehamAna ko usa rAjya kI vezabhUSA, rahana-sahana Adi ko apanAne ke lie bAdhya nahIM honA par3atA thaa| harivaMzapurANakAra ne vasudeva ke deza-videza bhramaNa ke samaya vasudeva ke rahana-sahana ke parivartana kA saMketa nahIM diyA tathA vasudeva deza-videza meM paribhramaNa karate rahe parantu kisI rAjA ne unake rahana-sahana ko badalane ke lie bAdhya nahIM kiyaa| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki vyakti kahIM bhI jAye use apanI saMskRti ko parivartana karane ke lie svataMtratA thI cAhe vaha parivartana kare athavA na kre| rahana-sahana ke samAna vyakti AhAra-vihAra ke lie bhI svataMtra thaa| usako paribhramaNa
Page #273
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 81 kAla meM bhI apane AhAra-vihAra ke lie dUsare vyakti ke dvArA bAdhA nahIM pahu~catI thii| nAgakumAra caritra meM nAgakumAra ko anya dezoM meM paribhramaNa karate hue varNana kiyA hai| jisameM usake AhAra-viAhara kI svataMtratA kA varNana prApta hotA hai| rAjA kI rAjyasabhA meM vibhinna dharma ke anuyAyI padoM para padastha the| rAjA ina padastha karmacAriyoM ko rAjya kA kAma detA thA rAjA ko unake dharma tathA saMskRti se kisI prakAra kA matalaba nahIM hotA thaa| ina padoM meM maMtrI, senApati, rAjapurohita, sabhAsada, vidvatvarga Adi mahattvapUrNa pada the rAjA inakI ImAnadArI tathA kArya karane kI kuzalatA se prasanna hokara inako padoM para sthApita karatA thaa| isa prakAra kI vyavasthA se sAmAjika vyavasthA tathA sAMskRtika vyavasthA abAdhita rUpa se calatI thii| yaha dharma nirapekSa rAjya kI sthApanA kA sUcaka hai| mugala kAla ke bAda bhArata meM dharma nirapekSatA meM hAni hone lgii| mugala zAsaka apane dharma kI sthApanA ke lie dUsare ke dharma kA nAza karane lage tathA dUsare dharma kI saMskRti kA nAza ke apanI saMskRti kA bala pUrvaka svIkAra karane ko bAdhita karane lge| pariNAma svarUpa samAja meM arAjakatA, bhaya, avizvAsa kI vRddhi evaM saMskRti kA hAsa hone lgaa| nyAyika dharma nirapekSatA : dharma nirapekSatA ke lie nyAya kA bahuta hI mahattva hai yadi prajA ko rAjA nyAya nahIM detA to prajA svayaM hI nirNaya karane lgegii| rAjA ko prajA tathA dharma ke anurUpa nyAya karane kI kSamatA honI caahie| yadi rAjA pakSapAtapUrNa nyAya-anyAya kA nirNaya karegA to prajA kA rAjA ke Upara se vizvAsa haTa jAegA aura jisa prajA kA rAjA ke Upara se vizvAsa haTa jAtA hai vaha rAjA rAjya karate hue bhI rAjA nahIM hai| yA to vaha prajA para bala pUrvaka rAjya karatA hai yA rAjya se cyuta kara diyA jAtA hai| isalie rAjA ko nyAya pUrvaka rAjya karanA caahie| purA kAla meM rAmarAjya ko acchA mAnA jAtA thA kyoMki rAma ne nyAya ke lie apanI priya patni kA bhI tyAga kara diyA thaa| rAjA vikramAditya kA zAsana kAla bhI kucha aise hI nyAya parAyaNa rAjA kA smaraNa karAtA hai| nyAya pUrNa rAjya karane vAlA rAjA yugoM-yugoM taka itihAsa meM prasiddha hotA hai| dharma nirapekSatA se lAbha : ekatA meM vRddhi yadi jAti varga Adi asamAna ho parantu mana samAna ho to mitratA meM vRddhi hotI hai| mana ke samAna hone ke kAraNa dharma nirapekSatA hai isI dharma nirapekSatA ke kAraNa vibhinna vargo ke logoM meM saMgaThana dikhAI detA hai| sukha, zAMti, nirbhayatA meM vRddhi vartamAna samaya meM samAja meM pratyeka vyakti du:khI hai kyoMki usakA mana du:khI hai vaha azAnta hai isa kAraNa use bhaya hai| apanI ekAMta dhAraNA ke kAraNa dUsaroM kA apriya bana cukA hai| isase vaha bhaya se jIvana vyatIta karatA hai| dUsarI ora sAdhu donoM pakSoM ko jAnakara mana ko ekAgra kara sukha zAMti tathA nirbhayatA kA jIvana vyatIta karate haiN|
Page #274
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 82 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 pApakarma baMdha meM maMdatA saMsAra meM sabase adhika pApakarma kA baMdha rAgadveSa ke kAraNa hotA hai tathA jaba vyakti ke andara dharma nirapekSatA arthAt bhedabhAva se rahita avasthA kA Agamana ho jAegA to vaha rAgadveSa nahIM karegA aura niSpakSa bhAva se nirNaya kregaa| samAja meM sammAna vRddhi samAja meM jo vyakti niSpakSa bhAva se nirNaya karatA hai athavA nirNaya sunatA hai usa vyakti kA sammAna pratyeka vyakti aMtaraMga se karatA hai| bhedabhAva rahita samAja kA nirmANa dharma nirapekSa hone para samAja kA pratyeka vyakti acche vicAroM ko grahaNa karane meM svataMtra hogaa| usa para kisI prakAra kA dabAva nahIM hogA tathA vaha ucca-nIca bhAvanA se grasita nahIM hogA, jisase bhAIcAre meM vRddhi hogI tathA AtaMkavAda jaisI samasyAoM kA nivAraNa ho skegaa| AtaMkavAda kA pracalana mAtra ApasI matabheda ke kAraNa bar3ha rahA hai jaba matabheda nahIM hogA to samasyA nahIM rhegii| vartamAna samaya meM pratyeka ghara meM yA samAja meM ApasI jhagar3e kA kAraNa manabheda hai aura vaha manabheda svayaM kI apekSA kI pUrti dUsare ke dvArA nahIM hone ke kAraNa se hotA hai| isa apekSA se rahita jIvana kA nAma nirapekSa bhAva hai| samyak kArya ke nirNaya kI zakti meM vRddhi ApasI kalaha yA ekAnta dhAraNA ke sAtha mana kuNThita ho jAtA hai jisase mana meM zIghra nirNaya lene kI kSamatA meM kamI hotI hai| jaba manuSya donoM pakSoM ko sunakara anekAnta yA dharma nirapekSatA se mana ko ekAgra karatA hai mana meM kisI ke prati saMdeha nahIM rahatA to acche kAryoM ke prati nirNaya zIghratA se le letA hai| dharma nirapekSatA ke abhAva se hAni: 1. sAMpradAyika matabheda evaM vaimanasyatA Aja vartamAna meM saMgaThana ke nAma para yA dharma ke nAma para jhagar3e prAraMbha ho gaye haiN| sabhI logoM meM apanA mata sthApita karane kI tathA dUsare ke mata ko bahiSkRta karane kI bhAvanA balavatI ho gaI hai| pratyeka vyakti apane vicAroM se apane saMgaThana yA dharma ko majabUta karanA cAhatA hai, parantu vaha dharma ke marma ko bhUlakara apane mata kI puSTi karatA hai yadi vaha dharma ke marma ko samajha jAye to vaha apane sAdharmI bhAI ke mata ke vahiSkAra karane se pahale usakI apekSA ko smjhegaa| ise hI dharma nirapekSatA kahate haiM parantu isa bAta ko jAne binA eka-dUsare ke prati dveSa bhAva utpanna kara lete haiM aura saMgaThanoM meM vaimanasyatA prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| sAMpradAyika matabheda evaM vaimanasyatA samApta karane ke lie dharma nirapekSatA Avazyaka hai| dharma se AsthA samApta honA sAMpradAyika matabheda ke kAraNa dhArmika sthaloM meM aura dhArmika kAryakramoM meM jhagar3e, manamuTAva prAraMbha ho gaye haiN| isa kAraNa loga dhArmika maMcoM ko bhI rAjanItika maMcoM ke samAna upayoga karane lage haiN| vartamAna yuvApIr3hI yA sAmAnya jana jaba isa prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa
Page #275
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 83 dhArmika sthaloM meM dekhate haiM to unheM dharma kI apekSA ApasI matabheda dikhAI dete haiN| jisa kAraNa vaha dhArmika kAryakramoM se haTatA jAtA hai aura eka samaya aisA AtA hai ki usakI dharma se pUrNa rUpa se zraddhA samApta ho jAtI hai| pApa kAryoM meM svataMtratA jaba yuvApIr3hI dhArmika sthaloM meM puNya kI kriyAoM kI apekSA vikathAoM kI kriyA ko karate dekhatI hai to ajJAna hone ke kAraNa ve usa kriyA ko hI dharma mAna lete haiM tathA dayA Adi kriyAoM se rahita kriyA kANDoM ko hI dharma mAnakara dharma ke nAma para svataMtra rUpa se pApa karate haiM tathA ina kriyAoM ke atirikta dhArmika sthaloM meM dhArmika saMskAra nahIM milane ke kAraNa ve anya sthaloM meM pApa kI kriyAoM ko adhika karate haiN| ataH dhArmika matabheda ko miTAkara eka dUsare ke vicAroM kI apekSA se samajhakara dharma nirapekSa bhAva se vaimanasyatA ko samApta karanA caahie| dharma nirapekSatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa prAcIya yuga meM dharma nirapekSatA pUrNa vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thA parantu vartamAna meM dharma nirapekSatA ke abhAva ke kAraNa bahuta haiN| jinake kAraNa vyaktiyoM kA nirapekSa rAjya se vizvAsa samApta ho gayA hai unameM se kucha kAraNa nimna haiMmAna kaSAya pUrva kAla se vyakti jisa bhedabhAva rUpI galata mAnyatA kA anusaraNa kara rahA hai usa mAnyatA meM athavA paraMparA meM sudhAra lAne kA vicAra banAtA bhI hai to usakI mAna kaSAya usa kAma meM vighna rUpa se upasthita ho jAtI hai| vaha mAna kaSAya kI pUrti ke lie bhedabhAva rUpa nIti ko apanAne meM bAdhya ho jAtA hai use lagatA hai ki yadi vaha dharma nirapekSatA ko svIkAra karake sabhI se samAnatA kA vyavahAra karane lagegA to usake parivAra kI paraMparA kA kyA hogA use loga kyA kaheMge? isa kAraNa vaha mAna kaSAya ko bacAne ke lie dharma nirapekSatA se dUra rahatA hai| haThadharmitA yaha mAna kaSAya kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| isameM vyakti eka bAra kisI mAnyatA ko grahaNa kara letA hai to apane haThIle svabhAva ke kAraNa vaha use chor3a nahIM paataa| jisase usakA patana to hotA hai aura usake saMgaThana meM bhI mithyA mAnyatA kA pracAra hotA hai| parAdhInatA Aja vartamAna meM parAdhIna vyakti dharma nirapekSatA ke lie svataMtra nahIM hai| vaha jisake adhIna kAma karatA hai usakI mAnyatA kA anusaraNa karanA par3atA hai varanA use usake kArya se bahiSkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai| svAmI apane naukara ko apane dharma ko svIkAra karAne ke lie prayatna karatA hai| patni pati ke dharma ke anusAra gamana karatI hai| svArthaparAyaNatA vyakti kA apanA koI dharma nizcita nahIM raha gayA hai vaha jahA~ apanA svArtha dekhatA
Page #276
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 84 anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 hai vaha usI meM apanA vicAra banA letA hai cAhe vaha sahI ho yA galata ho isa svArthI jIvana ke kAraNa dhArmika sthaloM meM bhI apanA lAbha dekhane lage haiN| ataH dharma ko niSpakSa bhAva se dekhakara hI grahaNa karanA caahie| niSkarSa purAkAla meM aura vartamAna kAla meM dharma nirapekSatA kA atimahattva hai| arAjakatA, anyAya, pakSapAta, dUsare ke dharma meM hastakSepa na kare isalie Avazyaka hai eka dharma nirapekSa rAjya kI sthApanA honI caahie| sAMpradAyikatA meM bhedabhAva ho gayA hai pratyeka dharma meM matabheda ke kAraNa naye sAMpradAyikoM kA janma ho rahA hai| jisase samAja ke kaI vibhAga ho rahe haiM aura videzI saMskRti bhArata kI saMskRti para apanA kuprabhAva dikhA rahI hai| bur3e bujurgoM kI bAta koI bhI sunatA nahIM jaba taka pUrNa rUpa se dharma nirapekSatA nahIM hogI taba taka matabheda hotA rahegA aura samAja ke Tukar3e hote rheNge| ataH samAja kI akhaNDatA ke lie evaM parivAra meM sukha zAMti ke lie dharma nirapekSatA kI nitAMta AvazyakatA hai| saMdarbha sUcI: 1. bhAvanA dvAtriMzatikA- AcArya amitagati padya-1, jaina pUjApATha saMgraha, pR. 324, saM. kastUracaMda chAvar3A, javAhara presa klkttaa| 2. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra-AcArya samantabhadra svAmI, TIkAkAra- paM. sadAsukhadAsa jI, adhikAra-1, zloka-2 pRSTha-1, prakAzaka- paM. sadAsukha graMthamAlA- ajamera, saMskaraNa-prathama 3. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha- yazastilaka cammU, zrI somadeva sUri, saMpAdaka- paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, bhAga-2, zloka-2, pRSTha-123 4. sarvArthasiddhi, AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI, saMpAdaka-paM. phUlacaMda zAstrI, adhyAya-9 pR.-321 prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, sNskrnn-cturth| tattvArthasUtra, AcArya umAsvAmI, saMyojaka-pradIpa zAstrI, adhyAya-7, sUtra-13, pR.-120, prakAzaka- zrI di. jaina sAhitya prakAzana samiti barelA, jabalapura (ma.pra.) saMskaraNa-2000 pravacanasAra, A. kundakunda svAmI, tAtparyaTIkA- A. jayasena, cAritrAdhikAra, gAthA-232, 233, pRSTha-323, 324 7. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-7, sUtra-4, pRSTha-117 8. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-7, sUtra-14, pRSTha-121 9. jaina AcAra mImAMsA, A. devendra muni, pR.74, prakAzaka-zrI tAraka guru jaina graMthAlaya guru puSkara mArga, udayapura (rAja.) 1995 10. siMgAlovAda sutta-dIrghanikAya, adhyAya-8, sUtra-1, pR.-4, anuvAdaka- rAhula sAMkRtyAyana mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, vArANasI 1936 11. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-7, sUtra-15, pRSTha-121 12. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-7, sUtra-17, pRSTha-121 13. jainendrasiddhAMta koza bhAga-2, prakaraNa-jalagAlana nirdeza, pR. 325 14. jainendrasiddhAMta koza, bhAga-2, prakaraNa jalagAlana nirdeza, pRSTha-325 15. manusmRti, raNadhIra buka sela, haridvAra-6/46 16. sAgAra dharmAmRta, paM. AzAdhara jI, saMpAdaka-kailAzacaMda siddhAMta zAstrI, adhyAya-3, zloka-16, pRSTha-131, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI, 2005
Page #277
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 17. liMgapurANa, 202 18. uttara mImAMsA, 203 19. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva, gItA presa, gorakhapura, zloka-16 20. mArkaNDeya purANa, maharSi mArkaNDeya, gItA presa, gorakhapura, adhyAya-33/53 gautama dharmasUtra- saM.- zrI nivAsAcArya, adhyAya-7, sUtra-8, pR.-24, gavarmeMTa oriyaMTala lAibrerI sIrIja maisUra 1917 22. jaina AcAra mImAMsA, pRSTha-74 23. jaina AcAra mImAMsA, pRSTha-75 24. tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya-5, sUtra-21, pRSTha-96 25. kurAna zarIpha-anu, hajarata maulAnA phateha mohammada khA~ jAlaMdharI, Ayata 235, prakAzaka-ema. zarIpha eNDa saMsa jAmA masjida, dillI 26. kurAna zarIpha Ayata- 235 27. guru graMtha sAhiba, paMcama guru arjunadeva 28. zreNika cAritra AcArya zubhacaMda, saMpAdaka-naMdalAla jaina, adhyAya-5, pR.52, prakAzana- jaina pustaka bhavana, kolakAtA 29. harivaMza purANa, AcArya jinasena, saMpAdaka-DaoN. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, prakaraNa-vasudeva bhramaNa, pRSTha-280-399, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI-2004 -dvArA, omaprakAza jaina lakSmInAtha maMdira kI galI kekar3I, jilA-ajamera (rAjasthAna) ** * * *
Page #278
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ Concept of Functional Consciousness (Upayoga) in Jainism -Samani Chaityapragya It is quite clear that the world comprises two different types of entities (I) living (II) non-living. Life in this universe is an association and dissociation of matter and soul. Philosophers and other dissociation of matter and soul. Philosophers and other scholars have pondered on the meaning of life since ancient times. The Jain philosophy is essentially focused on existence of life (jiva or the living being) thus also describes in detail its nature and properties. Within the dawn of science, man began to study the different kinds of organisms as living being. They learned how organisms grows, what condition they need to live. How they respond to their surroundings, how they reproduce etc. Scientist has built a tremendous knowledge about life but still they cannot define what life itself actually is. According to modern Biology, life is an intangible quality that defies any simple definition. We can however, describe some of the characteristics of living things that taken together are not shared by non living things or objects. it consists of the following characteristics (1) adaptation (2) sensitivity (3) communication system (4) stimulation (5) metabolism (6) growth (7) development and reproduction etc. but Jainism defines living being in terms of a single characteristic called consciousness. Consciousness as the Characteristic of Jiva As quoted in Uttaradhyayana 'jiva cevajivya; esa loye vihaiya.? "The world is a product of conscious and non-conscious beings, According Jain texts, that which is characterized by consciousness is jiva?. This is further explained as 'cetanalakkhano jiva i.e. Consciousness is the characteristic of living being. On the other hand ajiva is characterized by non-consciousness. Jain scriptures define ajiva as "acetano ajiva'. 'The being, which is devoid of consciousness is ajiva.' It can be clearly derived from the different Jain texts that the only characteristic of life is consciousness as given below: Acaranga Sutra (6th Cent. B.C.) is one of the most ancient Jain
Page #279
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 3 64/3, 01-FER 2011 87 philosophical treatises that Lord Mahavira is known to have produced. Acaranga sutra mainly deals with the nature of soul. There Mahavira says that atma (soul) is that which knows. The salient features of the jiva according to Jainism is to know and act of knowing is called as upayoga. Upayoga (functional consciousness) : the Defining Characterstic of Soul The words upayoga (functional consciousness) and cetana (consciousness) are used parallelly by Jain scholars. Detailed descriptions of both are available in Jain texts. The terms Setana (consciousness) and Upayoga (functional consciousness) have been distinguished by Kundakunda (1st Cent. A.D.) as one to be an attribute and the later to be a mode. The definition of the soul (jiva) as usually found in terms of cetana (consciousness) is therefore based on the substantial stand point, which integrates upayoga (functional consciousness) in it. In fact functional consciousness is concomitant with intrinsic nature of jiva. Bhagavati Sutra has given six terms in the first instance and twenty three literal terms later, specifying these characteristics though there seems to be duplications because of similar meanings of terms it is seen that most of the synonyms represent observable properties. Only three seems to be non-observable. Bhagavati also mentions characteristics of weight, size, metabolism, irritability, growth, reproduction and adaptation of living. In contrast Kundakunda has described seventeen attributes of living but it has some difference as it assumes non-materiality etc., as characteristics of life which Bhagavati do not mention. At the same time Veda and vigya' are the terms of Bhagavai with the meaning leading to consciousness. The same is true when kundakunda used two terms cetana and upayoga having similar meanings. Umaswati (1*' Cent. A.D.) followed the tradition of Kundakunda defining jiva which has been divided in two aphorisms as follows uaogalakkhanam jiva'. Functional consciousness is the characteristic of living being. Apart from the above said descriptions of the main texts, there exists eloberate explanation found about the nature of jiva in commentaries too. In Tattvartha Rajavartika (720 A.D.) consciousness is explained as the very nature of the living beings. jivasvabhavascetana. Here upayoga means the act of knowledge and upayoga subsists in cetana
Page #280
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 88 37 Ch 64/3, S-A R 2011 (consciousness). Consciousness (cetana) is a kind of energy and upayoga is its utilization. Thus upayoga can be now termed as functional consciousness Dhavalalo (10th 11th Cent. A.D) defines upayoga as the cognitive acquisition of self and others. This definition also implicitly indicates the meaning of upayoga as functional consciousness. This is a very important definition from biological point of view, because often living beings are defined in biology as one who can respond to the stimulus. Jain definition accepts receiving of stimulus itself also as a sign of living being even if it lacks the response. Some organisms may not be able to respond to the stimulus but are still living. All organisms at least receive stimulus. The terms such as consciousness, sensitivity, irritability, are included in upayoga. The state in which the being becomes the knower is the state of upayoga." The term upayoga is defined by Acharya Tulasi as: "Cetana vyapara upayogah" 12 Cetana jnana darsanatmika/ tasya vyaparah prvrittirupayogah "Cognitive activity of consciousness is functional consciousness. sentence consists of knowledge and intuition. Conciousness is the activitity that is the application of the same." It is stated in Biology that the characteristic of sensitivity is even possessed by even a single celled organism like amoeba, which has no visible sense organs. The sensitivity here refers to the ability to respond to light, sound etc. It is the response of an organism to stimulants. But as per Jainism, as described in Dhavala the basic attribute of life is sensation. It is not response of an organism to the stimulants but only the reception of the stimulants or pure cognitive activity that dichotomize living from nonliving being. Functional Consciousness in Disembodied or Liberated Souls In commentaries of Tattvartha Sutra, however, the living beings; embodied or disembodied has been defined in terms of capacitative (bhava) and functional (karana) consciousness-upayoga. This shows that functional consciousness remains even after liberation. But can liberated soul function?
Page #281
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 It is usually questioned that when the upayoga is defined as Cetana vyapara upayogah," "Cognitive activity of consciousness is functional consciousness, How is functional consciousness possible in liberated state as there remains no activity in the state of liberation. The answer to the above question can be given through analysis of the term vyapara given in the above definition. In Nyaya Philosophy, it is defined in Nyayasiddhanta muktavali as "tat janyatvesati tat janyajanaktvamiti vyaparah" the word vyapara refers to that begetting itself is the begetter of its own begetter. To make it more clear that which is effect in itself and also cause of the effect is vyapara. This vyapara is present even in liberated state the consciousness 1 of knowledge begets the second consciousness2 of intuition which (consciousness 1) was itself caused by the consciousness of intuition, as defined Cetana jnana darsanatmika/ tasya vyaparah pravrittirupayogah Consciousness consists of knowledge and intuition. Consciousness is the activity that is the application of the same." 89 Thus of according to Jainism in spite absence physical activity in liberation there exist pure immediate cognitive activity in the form of infinite modes of knowledge and intuition which keeps on going in the form of chain of cause and effect or more precisely begetter and begotten. And such a consciousness is definitely functional consciousness. Thus it is established that functional consciousness in Jainism is an defining characteristic of the soul. It is neither narrow as you cannot find any instance of soul devoid of functional consciousness, nor is it broad as you cannot an instance where consciousness remains without soul. Even in the stage of liberation, the consciousness is functional as there exists artha parayaya in each and every existent. Without this artha parayaya there can be no artha kriya (causal efficiency). And Without artha kriya nothing can exist even soul. To conclude functional consciousness is that arthakriya of the soul without which soul cannot exist. Reference: 1 2 3 4 The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book & Childcraft International Inc, U.S.A, 1978. vol.12 p 242 Uttarajjhayanani, XXXVI, 2. Bhagavai, 2.137... uvaogalakkane nam jive. Jain Siddhanta Dipika of Acarya Tulsi, trans. By Satkari Mookerji in the
Page #282
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 90 37 Ch 64/3, S-A R 2011 6. 8. 9. name of Illuminator of Jaina Tenets, Jain Vishwa Bharati, Ladnun, 1985, 3.79 Acaranga, 5.104, Je aya se vinnaya. Bhagavati Sutra, ed by K.C. Lalawani, Bharatiya Jnanapitha, 1966, p. 232. Bhagavati Sutra, ed by K.C. Lalawani, Bharatiya Jnanapith, 1966, p. 232. Tattvartha Rajavartika of Akalankadeva, 1.4.14, p. 26.11. Acarya Mahaprajna, Philosophical Foundation of Jainism, Adarsa Sahitya Sangha, New Delhi, 2002, p. 5. Dhavala, 1.413.6, svaparar pagraha'ai upayoga Yasca vigyata padarthanam paricchedaka upayoga Jain Siddhanta Dipika of acarya Tulasi, 2.3 Mind Alive, Vol. I, p. 21. Jain Siddhanta Dipika of acarya Tulsi, 2.3 Nyayasiddhanta muktavali, Anumankhanda, p.2 Vrtti of Jain Siddhanta Dipika of Acarya Tulsi, 2.3 10. 11. 12. 13 14 15 16 -Assistant Professor, Jain Vishwa Bharati University, Ladnun(Rajasthan) * * * * *
Page #283
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vIra zAsana jayaMtI rASTrIya vyAkhyAnamAlA sampanna vIra sevA mandira (jainadarzana zodha saMsthAna), dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2, jJAna evaM zodha kA kalpavRkSa banakara vigata 54 varSoM se, apane samRddha pustakAlaya ke mAdhyama se zruta-sevA ke lie saMkalpita hai| isa varSa 17 julAI, 2011 ko vIra zAsana jayaMtI ke pAvana prasaMga para, vIra sevA maMdira meM eka rASTrIya vyAkhyAnamAlA kA bhavya Ayojana huaa| vyAkhyAnamAlA samAroha kI adhyakSatA pro. samaNI cAritra prajJA jI, kulapati jaina vizvabhAratIya vizvavidyAlaya-lADanUM (rAja.) ne kI jo kanADA meM cAra varSa taka vijiTiMga prophesara ke pada para bhI rhii| ApakA bhAvabhInA sammAna zaoNla, khaNDa vastrAdi se saMsthA ke adhyakSa mAnanIya subhASa jI (zakuna prakAzana) ne kiyaa| Apake sAtha samaNI Agama prajJA jI bhI padhArI thiiN| jaina vizva bhAratI vizvavidyAlaya lADanUM, prAkRta aura jainadarzana ke zodha aura anusaMdhAna kI dizA meM mahatI bhUmikA kA nirvahana kara rahA hai| samaNI Agama prajJA jI kA svAgata saMsthAna ke mahAmaMtrI zrI vinoda kumAra jaina ne paramparAgata DhaMga se kiyaa| samAroha ke prAraMbha meM dIpa prajvalana- samAroha kI adhyakSA zraddheyA samaNI pro. cAritraprajJA jI, adhyakSa evaM mahAmaMtrI vIra sevA maMdira tathA mukhya vaktA ke rUpa meM bAhara se Aye vidvatgaNoM ne kiyaa| jinavANI mA~ ko arghya samarpaNa evaM stuti kA sasvara vAcana paNDita DaoN. mukeza jaina, paM. Aloka kumAra jaina ne kiyaa| vyAkhyAnamAlA kA zubhAraMbha pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, bI.eca.yU. vArANasI ke maMgalAcaraNa se huaa| pramukha vaktAoM ke rUpa meM padha gare nimnAMkita vidvAnoM kA svAgata zaoNla, baiga aura khaNDa-vastrAdi evaM tilaka lagAkara unake nAma ke samakSa aMkita vIra sevA maMdira ke padAdhikAriyoM ne kiyaa| ___ 1. lAla bahAdurazAstrI saMskRta vidyApITha naI dillI ke prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa pro. DaoN. sudIpa jaina-maMtrI zrI yogeza jaina dvaaraa| 2. antarrASTrIya hindI vizvavidyAlaya vardhA ke pro. evaM vizvavidyAlaya anudAna Ayoga ke parAmarza pramukha, pro. vRSabhaprasAda jI- zrI rUpacaMda kaTAriyA kAryakAriNI sdsy| 3. bI.eca.yU. ke jaina-bauddha darzana vibhAga ke vibhAgAdhyakSa pro. kamaleza kumAra jainazrI dhanapAla siMha jaina kAryakAriNI sdsy| 4. mukhya atithi DaoN. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina pro. di. jaina saMskRta kaoNleja bar3auta evaM adhyakSa a. bhA. zAstrI pariSad-zrI dharmabhUSaNa jI dvaaraa| 5. upasAlA vizvavidyAlaya svIDana meM pro. hainja vaisalara kA svAgata- paM. nihAlacanda jaina nidezaka vIra sevA maMdira dvaaraa| 6. gautama buddha vizvavidyAlaya ke asi. pro. DaoN. navarasa jATa apharIdI kA svAgatamahAmaMtrI zrI vinoda kumAra jaina dvaaraa|
Page #284
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 7. vyAkhyAnamAlA ke saMcAlaka- DaoN. jayakumAra jaina adhyakSa- a. bhA. vidvatpariSad kA svAgata-mahAmaMtrI jI dvaaraa| svAgata kI isa zrRMkhalA ke pazcAt saMsthAna ke mahAmaMtrI ne apane svAgata bhASaNa meM Agata sabhI manISiyoM kA vIra sevA maMdira samiti kI ora se svAgata/ abhinaMdana karate hue kahA ki mAnanIya atithi vidvAnoM ke dvArA hama jJAna kI pUMjI lekara yahA~ se jaayeNge| bhale hI prabuddha zrotA vidvAnoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai, parantu yaha satya hai ki bAjAra meM ratnoM ke Dhera nahIM hote, ve saMjokara DibiyA meM hI rakhe jAte haiN| unhoMne kahA ki jJAna ke pracAra/ prasAra meM vidvAnoM kI aham bhUmikA rahatI hai vIra sevA maMdira ke adhyakSa zrI subhASa jI ne saMsthAna kA paricaya dete hue isakI sthApanA kA itihAsa evaM uddezya btaayaa| Apane kahA ki vartamAna meM saMsthAna ke pustakAlaya meM 7 hajAra se adhika graMtha evaM 167 hastalikhita graMtha maujUda haiM sAtha hI 50 se adhika graMthoM kA yaha abhI taka prakAzana kara cukA hai| Apane zodha saMsthAna ke saMsthApaka vidyA kI mahArNava paM. jugalakizora jI mukhtAra sAhaba kA smaraNa karate hue anyAnya vibhUtiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA jinhoMne isa saMsthAna ko samaya-samaya para apanI sevAeM dekara isake utkarSa evaM utthAna meM mahatI bhUmikA nibhaayii| prathama pramukha vaktA ke rUpa meM pro. kamaleza kumAra ne vIra zAsana jayaMtI kyA hai aura yaha zrAvaNa kRSNa ekam ko kyoM manAI jAtI hai, kA aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para carcA karate hue kahA ki Aja ke dina bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI kI divyadhvani, kevalajJAna (pUrNajJAna) hone ke 66 dina bAda khirI thI, kyoMki una lokottara arhanta parameSThI bhagavAn mahAvIra ko bhI eka yogya ziSya kI talAza thI jinake binA divyadhvani ke khirane kA yoga nahIM ho pA rahA thaa| Apane prAkRta bhASA ke vikAsa ke lie sujhAva diyA ki prAkRta gAthAnukramaNikA kA saMvarddhita/ saMzodhita saMskaraNa punaH prakAzana honA caahie| Apane anupalabdha Agama graMthoM ke prakAzana para jora diyaa| isa samAroha meM samaNI, sarasvatI putra evaM zrImanta yaha trikuTI virAjamAna hai, jinapara zruta ke saMrakSaNa kA uttaradAyitva hai| dvitIya vaktA ke rUpa meM pro. sudIpa jI ne prAkRta bhASA ke vikAsa (SaTkhaNDAgama ke viziSTa pariprekSya meM) kahA ki prAkRta bhASA kAlagata bhASA hai| kucha kutarkavAdiyoM ne jaba yaha kahA ki yaha bAla, strI aura mUoM kI bhASA hai to bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA- sahI hai inhIM ko sunAne aura samajhAne ke lie sahaja-bhASA hai| gurukuloM meM pAMca prakAra ke AcArya huA karate the unameM uccAraNAcArya, vyAkhyAnamAlA Adi hote the jo sahI pada kA sahI uccAraNa evaM artha batAte the| unhoMne isa bAta para jora diyA ki prAkRta graMthoM kI saMskRta chAyA karane se prAkRta bhASA kA bhalA nahIM ho sktaa| honA yaha cAhie ki saMskRta kI prAkRta chAyA ho| Aja samAja meM eka bhI prAkRta pAThazAlA nhiiN| jabaki hamAre jainAgama kI mUla bhASA- prAkRta bhASA hai| tRtIya pramukha vaktA ke rUpa meM bhASA vijJAna ke vidvAn pro. vRSabhaprasAda jI ne zramaNa aura vaidika paramparA kA ullekha karate hue kahA ki donoM paramparAoM ne apanI- apanI bhASA
Page #285
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3, julAI-sitambara 2011 ke vijJAna kA vikasita kiyA hai aura eka paraMparA ne dUsaroM kI paraMparA ko (khAsakara bhASA ke kSetra kI) dekhanA prAyaH banda kara diyA hai| saMskRta ko apekSAkRta jyAdA mahattva diyA gayA aura pAlI/ prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASA ko achUta kI taraha vyavahRta 'om' kAra bIja pada rUpa sarvabhASAmayI thI arthAt sarvamAgadhI bhASA thii| prAkRta bhASA kevala jainoM kI bapautI nahIM hai| hA~ jainoM kI pahacAna- bhASA ho sakatI hai| prAkRta bhASA- akhaNDa bhArata kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| vastutaH mahAvIra ne vaha saba kahA jo manuya ke kAma kA thA manuSya ke kalyANa kA thaa| upasAlA yUnivarsiTI svIDana ke pro. hainja baisalara ne bhI hindI meM saMkSipta bhASaNa diyA aura kahA manuSya cAhe to hara bhASA ko sIkha sakatA hai| Apa svIDana meM saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA ke prophesara haiN| unhoMne kahA ki bhASA vizeSa se hamArI soca meM parivartana hotA hai| kAryakrama ke saMcAlaka vidvAn DaoN. jayakumAra jaina (saMpAdaka 'anekAnta' vIra sevA maMdira traimAsikI zodha patrikA evaM adhyakSa- a. bhA. vidvatpariSad) ne TippaNI karate hue kahA ki pro. vaisalara sAhaba kI hindI sunakara hama sabhI ko bar3I prasannatA aura preraNA milI hai| itanI acchI hindI bolakara Apane saMsada kA mana moha liyaa| pro. vaisalara ne kahA ki mujhe abhI jainadarzana kA adhyayana jyAdA nahIM hai parantu do varSa ke bhItara prAkRta kA praveza pAThyakrama vizvavidyAlaya meM sthApita karane kA saMkalpa karatA huuN| saMsthAna ke mahAmaMtrI jI ne Apako evaM DaoN. apharIdI ko bairisTara campatarAya jI kI pustaka "Key of Knowledge evaM Jain Bibiliography (choTelAla jaina) kI pustaka bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kii| mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM jaina kaoNleja bar3auta meM saMskRta vibhAga ke vibhAgAdhyakSa pro. zreyAMza kumAra jaina ne 'vIra zAsana jayantI' kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi para carcA karate hue kahA ki Aja se bhagavAn mahAvIra kA tIrthakAla pravartita huA, isake 250 varSa taka pUrva bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA zAsanakAla rhaa| unhoMne kahA ki arhanta bhagavAn kI bhASA 'bIjapada' rUpa hotI hai jisameM ananta artha garbhita hote haiN| gaNadhara- una bIja padoM kI vyAkhyA karake graMthoM kA praNayana karate haiN| mukhya atithi ne kahA ki hameM Agama zAstra ke anusAra zAstroM ko TaTolakara AdhI adhUrI bAta usameM se nikAlakara prastuta kara rahe haiN| ___ zodha-upasamiti ke sadasya zrI rUpacaMda kaTAriyA ne bhI saMkSepa meM DaoN. zreyAMza jI ke vyAkhyAna kI anumodanA kii| vyAkhyAnamAlA kA samApana karate hue sammAnanIyA adhyakSA pro. samaNI cAritra prajJA jI ne apanA mArmika vyAkhyAna dete hue kahA ki hameM apane manabheda aura matabheda donoM ko samanvaya binduoM para svIkRti dete hue dUra karanA caahie| unhoMne kahA ki jaba taka samyakdarzana aura samyagjJAna donoM sAtha-sAtha nahIM calate, taba taka samyakcAritra paidA nahIM hotaa| Aja vizva ko pUrI taraha Azvasta karanA hai ki jainadharma eka svataMtra dharma hai na to yaha hindU dharma kI zAkhA hai aura na hI bauddhadharma kA apara rUpa hai| unhoMne Age bolate hue kahA ki jahA~ naya, nikSepa hai vahA~ anekAnta hai aura jahA~ anekAnta hai vahA~ phira koI Agraha nahIM hai| pustakAlayoM ke graMtha- kevala pradarzana kI vastu na raha jAveM balki ve jJAna prakAza kA mAdhyama bneN| Aja kA bAlaka tarkazIla ho gayA hai| mAtA-pitA yadi
Page #286
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/3 julAI-sitambara 2011 svAdhyAya nahIM kareMge, to unakI saMtAna jainadharma ke prati kataI abhiruci nahIM dikhaayegii| saMkalpa kareM ki hama svAdhyAya kreNge| anta meM AbhAra pradarzana- saMsthAna ke maMtrI zrI yogeza jaina ne kiyaa| kAryakrama ke pazcAt sammAnanIya atithiyoM ke satkAra meM svalpAhAra rakhA gyaa| saMsthAna samaya-samaya para isa prakAra kI gauravapUrNa vyAkhyAnamAlAoM kA Ayojana karake jJAna kI dhArA ko pravartamAna kiye hue hai vizeSa bAta yaha bhI rahI ki isameM zrotA vidvAnoM ko bhI AmaMtrita kiyA gayA jinakI saMkhyA lagabhaga 60 thI, jinhoMne upasthita hokara vyAkhyAnamAlA kI garimA ko bddh'aayaa| sabhA kA visarjana jinavANI stuti "vIra himAcalateM nikasI....." se huA / 94 prastutiH paM nihAlacanda jaina, nidezaka vIra sevA maMdira, 21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110002 bhAdrapada mAsa kI vizeSatA aho bhAdrapadAkhyo'yaM mAso'neka vrtaakrH| dharmahetuH paro madhye'nya mAsAnAM narendravat // mallinAtha purANa arthAt aho! bhAdrapada mAsa kI kyA vizeSatA hai ki jo aneka vratoM kA samUha hai aura dharma kA arjana karane meM sahAyaka hai| bhAdrapada mAsa anya sabhI mAsoM meM rAjA ke samAna zobhA ko prApta hotA hai| jisa prakAra manuSyoM meM cakravartI zreSTha hotA hai| isakA nAma bhI sArthaka hai- bhAdrapada arthAt kalyANa kA parama sthAna / isa mahIne meM solaha kAraNa, roTa tIja, puSpAJjali vrata, dazalakSaNa parva, sugandha dazamI, ananta caturdazI, bhagavAn vAsupUjya kA mokSa kalyANaka aura ratnatraya vrata (telA) Adi vrata hote haiN| ina saba meM sabase pramukha dazalakSaNa mahAparva hotA hai jo karma nirjarA kA parama sAdhana hai|
Page #287
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ pustaka samIkSA - Aloka kumAra jaina pustaka- 'pAiya gajja-pajjasaMgaho' lekhaka- DaoN. jinendra jaina, lADanUM, prakAzaka- jaina adhyayana evaM siddhAnta zodha-saMsthAna, zrI pisanahArI mar3hiyA, jabalapura (ma.pra.), prathama saMskaraNa: 2011, kula pRSTha-128 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 2537 varSa pUrva apanI divya-dezanA meM jisa bhASA kA Azraya liyA thA usI bhASA meM guMphita kathAoM se sambandhita sAhitya kA gadya-padya saMgraha jaina adhyayana evaM siddhAnta zodha saMsthAna, jabalapura ne prakAzana karake Aja punaH jana-jana meM prAkRta ko aMgIkAra karane ke lie prastuta kiyA hai| prAkRta janasAmAnya kI bhASA hone se hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pravacana prAkRta bhASA meM dekara janakalyANa kiyaa| DaoN. jinendra jaina prAkRta evaM apabhraMza bhASA ke mUrdhanya vidvAn haiM aura ina bhASAoM para acchA adhikAra hai| pAiya gajja-pajjasaMgaho meM saMkalita gadya-padya kathAyeM atyadhika prerita karane vAlI haiN| ina kathAoM meM prayukta prAkRta bhASA sarala evaM madhura hai| isase prAkRta ke sAmAnya prayoga karane meM aura samajhane meM sAmAnya vyakti ko sugamatA rhegii| __ jina kathAoM ko isameM saMkalita kiyA gayA hai unameM jainadarzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM ko kathA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisase janasAmAnya siddhAntoM ko bhI samajha leNge| jaiselobha kA anta nahIM, jaisA karma karoge vaisA phala avazya milatA hai, bholepana ke sAtha vAkcAturya bhI honA cAhie, sAhasa, dRr3hatA, bhakti, dhairya, saMtoSa Adi mUlyoM se paricaya, jaisA guru vaisA ziSya, saMyama kA mahattva, apane jJAna/yogyatA para ghamaNDa nahIM karanA, saMsAra kI asAratA ko vyakta karane vAlI madhubindu nAmaka kathA, ziSya kI vinaya aura maryAdA Adi guNoM se paricaya , kisI bhI vastu kI kImata usakI upayogitA para nirbhara hai aura bhAratIya paramparA ke Adarza caritra ko agaDadatta kI kathA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai evaM subhASitAvalI meM naitika evaM jIvanamUlyoM ko prarUpita kiyA gayA hai| eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM sampAdaka ne kaThina zabdoM ke artha tathA vastuniSTha, laghu aura dIrgha prazna kathA ke bAda ullikhita kie haiM jisase unake viSaya jJAna meM aura dRDhatA aayegii| dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki kathA ke mUla pATha ke bAda usakA hindI anuvAda diyA hai jisase kathA ko prAkRta bhASA meM bhalIbhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai| pUrva meM bhUmikA ke rUpa meM prAkRta bhASA kA sAmAnya paricaya aura bheda, bhAratIya bhASAoM kA paricaya evaM udgama Adi maulika viSaya prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisase prAkRta bhASA ko samajhanA aura bhI sarala ho gayA hai| eka prakAra se yaha kRti atyanta samAjopayogI hai| isake liye hama saba DaoN. jinendra jaina evaM prakAzaka ke parama AbhArI haiN| -upanidezaka vIra sevA maMdira, naI dillI-2
Page #288
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vidvAnoM aura pAThakoM se nivedana mAnyavara, jaisA ki Apako vidita hai ki bhArata kI rAjadhAnI dillI meM vIra sevA mandira jainadarzana zodha saMsthAna kI sthApanA prAcya vidyA mahArNava AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra ne 21 apraila san 1929 meM kI thii| paM. jI kI hI preraNA se anekAnta traimAsika zodha patrikA kA prakAzana pichale 82 varSoM se lagAtAra ho rahA hai| isake prakAzana meM paM. padmacandra zAstrI jI kA kaI varSoM taka saMrakSaNa prApta rahA hai| aba vartamAna meM DaoN. jayakumAra jI jaina kA sampAdaka ke rUpa meM bharapUra sahayoga mila hI rahA hai| vIra sevA mandira meM jo kArya pUrva meM saMjIva jaina, rajanIza zuklA aura zrI sureza candra jI ne kiyA hai, aba Aloka kumAra jaina, lalitapura nivAsI evaM zrI digambara jaina zramaNa saMskRti saMsthAna sAMgAnera, jayapura se adhyayana kara cuke, ko niyukta kiyA hai| AzA hai ki jaisA sneha aura sahayoga pUrva meM padastha logoM ko milA hai vaisA hI sahayoga Aloka kumAra jaina ko bhI milatA rhegaa| julAI 2011 se variSTha vidvAn paM. zrI nihAlacanda jaina, bInA (ma. pra.) saMsthA meM nidezaka pada para padastha ho cuke haiN| Apa jaise vidvAnoM ke zodhAlekhoM ke kAraNa hI anekAnta zodha patrikA nirantara prakAzita ho rahI hai| ataH Apa apane maulika, Agama-sammata aura samasAmayika viSayoM para zodhapUrNa Alekha preSita kara sahayoga dete rheNge| sampAdaka maNDala ke dvArA cayanita hone para usakA prakAzana kara zodhAlekha kA ucita mAnadeya bhI Apako patrikA sahita preSita kiyA jaayegaa| Apa apane AlekhoM ke sAtha unake maulika evaM aprakAzita hone kA pramANa patra bhI preSita kreN| mahAmaMtrI vIra sevA mandira dariyAgaMja, naI dillI
Page #289
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 Year-64, Volume-4 RNINo. 10591/62 October-December 2011 ISSN 0974-8768 anekAnta (janavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) sampAdaka DaoN. jayakumAra jaina, mujaphpharanagara (u.pra.) Editor Dr. Jaikumar Jain, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.) Mobile: 09760002389 vIra sevA mandira, naI dillI-110 002 Vir Sewa Mandir, New Delhi-110 002
Page #290
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2 anekAnta (jainavidyA evaM prAkRta bhASAoM kI traimAsika zodha patrikA) saMsthApaka AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra 'yugavIra' sampAdaka maNDala pro. phUlacanda jaina 'premI', vArANasI pro. kamaleza kumAra jaina, vArANasI, pro. udayacanda jaina, udayapura DaoN. hukumacanda jaina, dillI pro. ema. ela. jaina, naI dillI ANEKANTA (A Quarterly Research Journal for Jainology & Prakrit Languages) Founder Acharya Jugalkishor Mukhtar 'Yugveer' Editor Prof. Phoolchand Jain 'Premi', Varanasi, Prof. Kamlesh Kumar Jain, Varanasi, Prof. Udaychand Jain, Udaipur, Dr. Hukumchand Jain, Delhi, Prof. M.L. Jain, New Delhi sadasyatA zulka / Subsercription eka aMka- rupaye 20/- vArSika ru.80/ This issue - Rs. 20/- Yearly Rs. 80/ sabhI patrAcAra patrikA evaM sampAdakIya hetu patA vIra sevA maMdira (jaina darzana zodha saMsthAna ) 21, aMsArI ror3a dariyAgaMja, naI dillI- 110 002.06 All correspondance for the journal & editorial onVir Sewa Mandir (A Research Institute for Jainology) 21, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002.06 phona naM. 011-30120522, 23250522, 09311050522 e-mail-virsewa@gmail.com vidvAn lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka maMDala kA sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai / lekhoM meM diye gaye tathyoM aura sandarbhoM kI prAmANikatA ke saMbaMdha meM lekhaka svayaM uttaradAyI haiN| sabhI prakAra ke vivAdoM kA nipaTArA dillI nyAyAlaya ke adhIna hogaa|
Page #291
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 NamokAra mantra-stuti NamokAra mantra ko, praNAma ho praNAma ho| he anAdi mahAmantra, maMgala niSkAma ho|| pahalA arihanta nAma, karatA hai karma nAza, jIvoM ko detA hai jJAna sUrya kA prakAza, jaya ho arihanta deva, tumhIM dharmadhAma ho| NamokAra mantra ko praNAma ho praNAma ho| dUjA hai siddha nAma, janma-mRtyu se vihIna, avicala ho vItarAga, sadA sarva Atma liin| he ananta siddha zuddha, sraSTi ke lalAma ho| NamokAra mantra ko, praNAma ho praNAma ho| mahAvratI jJAnI, AcArya namaskAra ho, upAdhyAya jJAna-jyoti, jahAM aMdhakAra ho, vinayazIla vItarAga sAdhu jJAnavAna hoN| NamokAra mantra ko praNAma ho praNAma ho| * * * * *
Page #292
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ viSayAnukramaNikA viSaya lekhaka kA nAma pRSTha saMkhyA NamokAra mantra-stuti saMkalana 03 viSayAnukramaNikA 1. sampAdakIya -DaoN0 jayakumAra jaina 5 2. karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa -prAcArya abhayakumAra jaina (se.ni.) 09-24 3. mana (dhyAna meM eka Avazyaka) -DaoN. saMjaya kumAra jaina eDavokeTa 25-27 4. jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti -prAcArya paM. nihAlacanda jaina 28-38 5. jaina vidyA meM anuzAsana -DaoN. jyotibAbU zAstrI 39-42 6. maurya samrATa candragupta -DaoN. ramezacanda jaina 43-53 7. tattvArthavArtika meM varNita aNuvrata aura mahAvrata -prAcArya DaoN. zItalacanda jaina 54-59 8. jainadarzana meM guNasthAnaH eka anucintana -DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina 60-69 9. uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA vRtti (TIkA) kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -DaoN. eca. sI. jaina -DaoN. indubAlA jaina (Daboka) 70-73 10. zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya -DaoN. sArikA tyAgI 74-83 11. sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa -pulaka goyala 84-91 12. AcArya jJAnasAgara jI aura syAdvAda -DaoN. candramohana zamA 13. prAyazcita-pATha -DaoN. supArzva kumAra jaina 14. vijJapti 92-94
Page #293
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 sampAdakIya saMsAra meM mAnavajanma aura usameM bhI samyaktva kI prApti ati durlabha hai| AcArya zrI kundakundadeva ne apane daMsaNapAhuDa meM 'daMsaNamUlo dhammo' kahakara samyagdarzana ko dharma kA mUla svIkAra kiyA hai| samyagdarzana ke svarUpa kI AgamavettAoM ne kabhI AcaraNa kI dRSTi se to kabhI adhyAtma kI dRSTi se vivecanA kI hai| AcaraNa pradhAnatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara zrI samantabhadrAcArya ne ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM likhA hai 'zraddhAnaM prmaarthnaamaaptaagmtpobhRtaam| trimUDhApoDhamaSTAMgaM smygdrshnmsmym||4|| arthAt paramArtha (sacce) Apta (deva), Agama (zAstra) aura tapobhRt (guru) kA tInamUDhatAoM se rahita, aSTAMga sahita evaM ATha madoM se rahita zraddhAna karanA samyagdarzana hai| yata: isa jagat meM taraha-taraha ke virodhI kathana karane vAle zAstroM, vividha svarUpa vAle guruoM tathA unake dvArA nirdiSTa anekavidha ArAdhya devoM kI bhakti dekhI jAtI hai, ataH yaha parIkSA karanA Avazyaka hai ki sacce deva, zAstra, guru kA svarUpa kyA hai? kyoMki inheM hI pUjyatA kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai| deva zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA tIna rUpoM meM dRSTigocara hotA hai1. devagati ke bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka aura vaimAnika dev| 2. kevalajJAna ko prApta sarvajJa, vItarAgI evaM hitopadezI arhanta dev| 3. AThoM karmoM se rahita niraMjana lokAgravAsI dehamukta siddha prmaatmaa| inameM prathama devagati ke deva hamAre pUjya nahIM kahe gaye haiN| yadyapi vaimAnikoM meM sarvArthasiddhi ke deva tathA paJcama svarga ke laukAntika deva eka bhavAvatArI tathA vijayAdika ke deva do manuSya bhavAvatArI hokara
Page #294
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ niyama se mokSa prApta karate haiN| bhavanavAsI, vyantara aura jyotiSka bhavanatrika ke devoM ko dhavalA jI meM 'bhavanavAsyAdiSvadhamadeveSu' kahakara kudeva yA adhama deva mAnA gayA hai| ataH dhyAna dene kI AvazyakatA hai ki mandiroM meM bhagavAn ke sevaka ke rUpa meM sthApita padmAvatI, kSetrapAla Adi devagati ke devoM ko bhagavAn kI taraha pUjanA kathamapi samIcIna nahIM hai| bhagavAn ke bhakta hone se unake prati sAdharmI kA vAtsalya rakhA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna samaya meM aise vizAlakAya janalubhAvana posTara chapa rahe haiM, jinameM aihika kAmanAoM se zrAvaka to zrAvaka sAdhu taka padmAvatI, kSetrapAla Adi kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara dRSTigata ho rahe haiN| aisI sthiti meM hameM apanI mUla saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| zrI samantabhadrAcArya to svayaMbhastotra meM likhate haiM na pUjayArthastvayi vItarAge, na nindayA nAtha vivaantvaire| tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtirnaH, punAti cittaM duritaanyjnebhyH|| he nAtha ! pUjA se Apako koI prayojana nahI hai, kyoMki Apa vItarAgI haiN| nindA se ApakA koI prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa vairabhAva se rahita haiN| parantu phira bhI ApakI puNya guNoM kI smRti hamAre citta ko pApoM se chur3Akara pavitra kara detI hai| rAgI-dveSI devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA meM AkaNTha DUbatA jA rahA tathAkathita ArSamArgI janoM kI TolI se prArthanA hai ki ve Atmamanthana kareM ki zrI samantabhadrAcArya meM unakI AsthA hai yA nahIM? ve jaina dharmiyoM kI asmitA ko bacAnA cAhate haiM yA nahIM? jainadharma meM to arhanta aura siddha parameSThiyoM ko hI pUjyatA kI dRSTi se deva mAnA gayA hai| saMsAra se mukti kI kAmanA karane vAloM ke lie ye hI ArAdhya haiN| __ 'zAsanAt zAstram' jo grantha karaNIya- akaraNIya kA anuzAsana karate haiM unakI zAstra saMjJA anvartha hai| prAmANika zAstroM ko Agama kahate haiN| sarvajJa deva ke upadiSTa vacana, jo hameM gaNadhara evaM tadanantara AcArya paramparA se prApta haiM, ve Agama kahalAte haiN| yaha Agama aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya ke rUpa meM dvAdaza evaM caturdaza bhedoM vAlA thA, jo kAladoSa ke
Page #295
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 kAraNa pUrNa rUpa se surakSita nahIM raha pAyA hai| ataH AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama granthoM kI prAmANikatA ke lie yaha jarUra nizcaya kara leM ki vaha AcArya paramparA se Agata kathana ke anurUpa hai yA nahIM tathA yukti se abAdhita hai yA nahIM? __ Adhunika sAdhu parameSThiyoM evaM anya puruSoM ke dvArA likhita vahI sAhitya pramANa mAnanA cAhie jo AcArya paramparA se Agata artha ke anukUla ho| kyoMki chadmasthoM kA jJAna tabhI pramANa hai, jaba vaha paramparApuSTa ho| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki eka nirdhArita samaya ke pazcAt ke sAhitya ko Agama mAnane se dUrI rakhI jaaye| vartamAna meM kucha digambara veSadhArI DaMke kI coTa para ghoSaNA kara rahe haiM ki jo hama kahate haiM, vahI Agama hai| merI prArthanA hai samAja ke karNadhAroM se, ki ve dhArmika sAhitya meM apane dravya kA upoga karate samaya zAstrajJa parameSThiyoM yA Agama ke adhyetAoM ko avazya dikhaaleN| kahIM aisA na ho ki puNyArjana ke nAma para ve AgamabAhya sAhitya ko chapA deM aura use par3hakara ajJajana jinavANI ko viparIta samajha leN| arhanta aura siddha parameSThI ko zrI jayasenAcArya ne pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavatti TIkA meM trilokagaru kahA hai| kintu samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sAdhuoM kI guru saMjJA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai- 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrairgurutayA gurava ityucyante aacaaryopaadhyaaysaadhvH|' tInoM meM pada kI bhinnatA hone para bhI gurupanA samAna hai| mUlAcAra meM jo AhAra, vacana evaM hRdaya kA zodhana karake nitya hI samyak AcaraNa karate haiM, ve sAdhu bhagavAn kahe gaye haiM "bhikkaM vakkaM sodhiya jo caradi Nicca so saahuu| eso suTThida sAhU bhaNio jiNasAsaNe bhyvN||' sAdhu meM cAritra kI pradhAnatA honA Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| cAritrahIna sAdhu kA bahuzrutapanA bhI nirarthaka hI mAnA gayA hai| Ajakala kucha vaktRtva ke dhanI, subhaga nAmakarmodaya se manojJatA ko prApta sAdhu
Page #296
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 00 zrutArAdhaka gRhastha vidvAnoM ke prati jisa taraha kI abhadra bhASA kA prayoga kara rahe haiM vaha cintanIya hai| unheM yaha samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai ki vizAla bhIr3a ko to mAyAvI bhI juTA sakate haiN| sAdhu jIvana meM to Atmazodhana kI pradhAnatA rahanA caahie| sAdhu jIvana, svAbhAvika Atmasukha kI ora prayatnazIla rahakara apane citta ko viSaya sukhoM se parAD.mukha karake saMsAra rUpa samudra ke jala ko sukhAne vAlI Atma jyoti para hI dhyAna dharanA caahie| viSaya vimukhaM kRtvA ceto nisargasukhonmukhaivimalamatibhidhyeyaM jyotirbhvaarnnvshosskRt|| bodhprdiip-38|| unase vinamratApUrvaka nivedana hai ki ve AtmamImAMsA ke isa zloka ko bhI smaraNa rakheM ki 'devaagmnbhoyaancaamraadivibhuutyH| mAyAdiSvapi dRzyante nAtastvamasi no mhaan|| arthAt devoM kA Agamana, AkAza meM gamana evaM ca~vara Adi kA vaibhava to mAyAviyoM meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai| ataH isa kAraNa tuma mahAn nahIM ho| __ abhI kucha dina pUrva kucha AcArya evaM sAdhu parameSThiyoM ke darzana karane kA saubhAgya mujhe milaa| inake prati merI aTUTa zraddhA rahI hai aura hai kintu unake pravacanoM meM anya sAdhuoM ke prati jo kaTAkSa evaM vyaMgya vANoM kA prayoga dekhane ko milA, vaha sarvathA asaMbhAvita hone se khinnatAjanaka rhaa| una pUjya parameSThiyoM se merI sahasrazaH namo'tu pUrvaka prArthanA hai ki ve AtmasAdhanA evaM sAhityasaparyA meM hI nirata raheM to hI samAja kA kalyANa hai| samAja to tAlI bajAnA apanA kartavya samajha rahI hai, phira sAdhu cAhe koI bhI ho aura kucha bhI khe| kimadhikaM suvijnyessu| -DaoN0 jayakumAra jaina
Page #297
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 9 karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana - vizleSaNa - prAcArya abhayakumAra jaina (se.ni. ) jIvatattva ko prabhAvita karane vAlI kisI eka sattA ko sabhI Astika darzana svIkArate haiM; kyoMki ise svIkAre binA jIvoM meM dikhane vAlI viSamatA, vividhatA tathA vibhinna kAloM meM ghaTita hone vAlI vibhinna avasthAoM ke bIca sAmanjasya ho pAnA kisI bhI prakAra saMbhava nahIM hai| sabhI jIva jaba svabhAvata: samAna hai, to phira unameM paraspara vaimanasya kyoM hai? koI dhanI hai to koI koI nirdhana hai, koI kAlA hai to koI gorA hai, koI sundara hai to koI kurUpa hai, koI jJAnI hai to koI ajJAnI hai, koI manuSya hai to koI pazu hai ityaadi| isI taraha yadi yaha jIva amUrta hai to deha ke kArAgRha meM kyoM kaida hai? ina sAre praznoM kA samAdhAna kisI jIva prabhAvaka sattA ko svIkAre/ mAne binA saMbhava nahIM hai| usa sattA ko vedAnta darzana meM 'mAyA' sAMkhyadarzana meM prakRti', vaizeSika darzana meM " adRSTa" aura jainadarzana meM "karma" kahA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha sArA saMsAra karmoM kI hI vicitra lIlA krIr3A hai; kyoMki saMsAra kI samasta kriyAoM kA AdhAra ye karma hI haiN| jainAgamoM meM karma aura karmasiddhAMta kA maulika evaM vaijJAnika dRSTi se bar3A sUkSma tathA vistRta vivecana hai| isakI vistRta sAMgopAMga vivecanA se jainadarzana kI vaijJAnikatA, zreSThatA siddha aura puSTa hone ke sAtha hI sAtha pratyeka jIva kI svataMtra sattA tathA karmaThatA bhI pramANita hotI hai| yaha siddhAnta vaijJAnika tAttvika tathA tArkika dRSTiyoM se vyakti ke AcaraNa aura adhyAtma kI aura usameM vidyamAna usake vyavahAra kI kArya-kAraNa- lakSyI mImAMsA karatA hai| jIva ke sAtha ba~dhane vAle vizeSa jAti ke pudgalaskandhoM kI bar3I sUkSma vivecanA karatA hai ataH isakA parijJAna aura pArAyaNa eka ora hameM karmoM kI zakti kA bodha karAtA hai to dUsarI ora isa anAdikAlIna karmacakra ko tor3ane-bhedane kA ucita upAya bhI batalAtA hai / isa dRSTi se jainAbhimata yaha karmavAda kisI ko bhI bhAgyavAdI banAkara nirAza aura akarmaNya nahIM karatA, apitu AtmAhitakArI zreSTha puruSArtha karane kI pAvana preraNA hI detA hai| yaha vyakti ko vidyamAna vipadAoMbAdhAoM aura kaThinAIyoM ko samatAbhAvoM ke sAtha sahane kI apUrva zakti dekara bhAvI jIvana ko tathA bhaviSya kI paryAya ko sudhArane kA zubha-saMdeza bhI detA hai| karma svarUpa mImAMsA 'karma' zabda ke aneka artha haiM- (1) karmakAraka (2) kriyA tathA (3) jIva ke sAtha baMdhane vAle pudgala skandha / karmarUpa pariNata ina pudgala - skandhoM kA vizeSa rUpa se prarUpaNa kevala jainadarzana hI karatA hai| vAstava meM 'karma' kA maulika artha to kriyA hI hai| mana-vacana-kAya ke dvArA yaha jIva kucha na kucha karatA hai, vaha saba usakI kriyA yA
Page #298
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa karma hai| yaha " yogakriyA" kahalAtI hai, jo parispanda rUpa se pratisamaya hotI hai| mana-vacana-kAya ye tInoM usake dvArA haiN| ise jIvakarma yA bhAvakarma kahate haiN| isI ke nimitta se jo pudgala-skandha Akara jJAnAvaraNa Adi bhAva ko prApta hote haiM, ve 'dravyakarma' kahe jAte haiN| bhAvakarma (jIvakarma) ko prAyaH sabhI svIkAra karate haiM, parantu bhAvakarma se prabhAvita hokara kucha sUkSma jar3a pudgala skandha jIva- pradezoM meM praveza kara usake sAtha baMdhate haiM'- yaha tathya kevala jainAgama hI batAtA hai| yahI sUkSma pudgala skandha ajIvakarma yA davyakarma' kahalAte haiN| ye rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza ke dhArI mUrtika hote haiN| jaise-jaise karma yaha jIva karatA hai, vaise hI svabhAva ko lekara ye dravyakarma usake sAtha baMdhate haiM aura kucha kAla bAda paripakva dazA ko prApta hokara udaya meM Ate haiN| usa samaya inake prabhAva se jIva ke jJAnAdi guNa tirobhUta/ baiMka jAte haiM ise "karmoM kA phala denA" kahA jAtA hai| sUkSmatA ke kAraNa ye karmarUpa pudgala - skandha dikhAI nahIM dete|' jIva ko jo parataMtra karate haiM athavA jIva jina ke dvArA paratantra kiyA jAtA hai, unheM "karma" kahate haiN| athavA jIva ke dvArA mithyA darzanAdi pariNAmoM se jo kiye jAte haiM upArjita hote hai ve "karma" haiN|" siddhAMtAcArya paM. zrI kailAzacanda jI ne likhA hai- "sAdhAraNataH jo kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'karma' hai| jaise - khAnA-pInA, calanA-phiranA, socanA-vicAranA, * ha~sanA-khelanA Adi dUsare dharma, rAgadveSa se yukta jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ko karma kahate hai, aura usa karma ke kSaNika hone para bhI ve saMskAra ko sthAyI mAnate haiM, jabaki jainadarzanAnusAra karma kevala saMskAra mAtra hI nahIM hai, apitu vastubhUta padArtha haiN| rAgI dveSI jIva kI pratyeka kriyA(mAnasika-vAcika-kAyika) ke sAtha eka dravya jIva meM AtA hai aura rAgadveSa bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara jIva se baMdha jAtA hai, vahI 'karma' hai, jo Age jAkara acchA yA burA phala detA hai| 10 - pravacanasAra meM AcArya zrI kundakundasvAmI ne kahA hai- 'rAgadveSa se yukta AtmA jaba acche yA bure karmoM meM lagatI hai taba karmarUpI raja jhAnAvaraNAdi rUpa se usameM praveza karatI hai| isa taraha karma eka mUrta padArtha hai, jo jIva ke sAtha baMdhatA hai| yahI dravyakarma hai| karmasiddhAnta kA samasta varNana dravyakarmapradhAna hai| pudgalipiMDa ko 'dravyakarma " aura usameM rahane vAlI phaladAna zakti ko "bhAvakarma" kahate haiN| jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA ke sAtha baMdhatI hai, ve "karma" kahalAtI hai| - (anAdikAlIna karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara) karmavaddha saMsArI jIva nAnA prakAra kA vikRta pariNamana (azuddhabhAva ) - rAgadveSa mohabhAva karatA hai| jisase pudgala paramANu apane Apa karmarUpa parivartita hokara tatkAla jIva ke sAtha saMbaddha ho jAte haiM baMdhane ke pUrva inheM 'kArmaNa vargaNA' kahate haiM aura baMdhane para ve 'karma' kahe jAte haiN| pudgalajAtiya 23 vargaNAoM meM se kevala pAMca vargaNAe~ hI grahaNa ke yogya haiM(1) AhAravargaNA (2) bhASA vargaNA (3) manovargaNA (4) taijasa vargaNA aura (5) kArmaNa-vargaNA / kArmaNa-vargaNA se karma aura zeSa cAra vargaNAoM se 'nokarma' banate haiN| jIva
Page #299
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 11 anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 ke AtmapradezoM para sthita jo vinasopacayarUpa pudgala haiM, ve hI karmarUpa se pariNata hote haiN| karma kahIM bAhara se Akara nahIM ba~dhate haiN| jIva ke pradezoM ke sAtha ba~dhe karma aura nokarma ke pratyeka paramANu ke sAtha jIvarAzi se anantAnanta guNe 'vinasopacayarUpa paramANu bhI saMbaddha haiM, jo karmarUpa yA nokarmarUpa to nahIM hai, kintu karmarUpa yA nokarmarUpa hone ke lie ummIdavAra haiM, unheM hI "vinasopacaya' kahate haiN| karmabandha kI prakriyA (pudgala karma paramANuoM kA jIva ke Atma pradezoM ke sAtha ekakSetrAvagAhI saMbandha sthApita kara lenA 'karmabandha' kahA jAtA hai| A. zrI umAsvAmI ne tattvArthasUtra meM(8/2) kahA hai kaSAya sahita hone se/ rAgadveSarUpa bhAvanAtmaka pariNamana karane ke kAraNa jIva kArmaNa-vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko grahaNa karatA hai, isI kA nAma bandha hai- sakaSAyattvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte saH bandha'- 8/2 t.suutr| isa bandha kA mUla kAraNa jIva kI manasA-vAcA-karmaNA hone vAlI vikRta pariNati hai| isI ke phalasvarUpa pudgala dravya kA jIvadravya ke sAtha saMyoga hI baMdha kahalAtA hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM bhI kahA hai ki AtmA meM eka vaibhAvika zakti hai, jo pudgalapuMja ke nimitta ko pAkara AtmA meM vikRti utpanna karatI hai| aneka jar3a paramANuoM yA vargaNAoM kA paraspara meM athavA jIva ke AtmapradazoM ke sAtha vizeSa prakAra ke ghaniSTha saMzliSTa saMbandha hone ko 'bandha' kahate haiN| isameM jar3a aura cetana donoM hI padArtha apane zuddha svabhAva se cyuta hokara kinhI vicitra vijAtIya bhAva-vikAroM ko dhAraNa kara lete haiN| jIvoM kI yoga tathA upayogAtmaka kriyA athavA dravyakarma ke rUpa meM ba~dha jAtI haiN| jaivika rAsAyanika prakriyA se ye pudgala-paramANu jIva ke sAtha ba~dhate haiN| taba jIva aura karma apane svarUpa meM nahIM rhte| yaha bandha ekakSetrAvagAhI, ekAkAra aura akhaNDa hotA hai| jaise oNksIjana aura hAIDrojana gaiseM vAyurUpa haiM aura agni ko bhar3akAne kI zakti rakhatI haiM; parantu donoM mila jAne para jala bana jAtI haiM jisameM Aga ko bhar3akAne ke bajAya use bujhAne kI zakti A jAtI hai- aisA bandha hI saMzleSa bandha kahalAtA hai| samasta rAsAyanika prayogoM kA AdhAra bhI yahI bandha hotA hai| jaise- sonA aura tA~bA tathA pItala aura kAMsA milakara eka vijAtIya piMDa bana jAte haiN| donoM hI dhAtue~ apane zuddha svarUpa meM nahIM rhtiiN| isa saMzliSTa bandha kA yahI vaiziSTaya hai ki dravya ke svacatuSTaya hI badalakara vijAtIya rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiN| ve vikArI ho jAte haiN| phalataH bandha ko prApta sabhI jar3a paramANuoM kA tathA jIva kA pariNamana eka dUsare kI apekSA rakhakara hotA hai| usakA yahI to vikAra hai ki apane zuddha svataMtrarUpa ko chor3akara anya ke adhIna ho jAnA aura apane kArya meM anya kI sahAyatA kI apekSA rkhnaa| vikArI bhAva se dravya apane zuddha svabhAva se vyuta hokara vijAtIya prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| jaise- dUdha kI miThAsa dahI kI khaTAsa ke rUpa meM badala jAtI hai| -yahA~ yaha AzaMkA honA svAbhAvika hai ki jIva jAnane-dekhane vAlA hai aura isameM saMkoca-vistAra kI bhI zakti hai tathA yaha amUrtika bhI hai| jabaki karma jar3a hai,
Page #300
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa mUrtika hai| mUrtika karmoM kA amUrtika jIva ke sAtha bandha kaise saMbhava hai? samAdhAnatattvArthasAra meM A. zrI amRtacandrasUri ne kahA hai ki apekSA se AtmA bhI mUrtika hai| amUrtika AtmA kA dravyakarmoM ke sAtha dhArApravAhIrUpa se sambandha anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai| mUrtika dravyakamoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAhI anAdi saMbandha hone se AtmA bhI kathacit mUrtika hai| ataH kathaMcit mUrtika AtmA kA mUrtika karmoM ke sAtha bandha honA saMbhava hai jaise sonA-cAMdI gAlAne para milakara ekarUpa ho jAte haiN| dravyasaMgraha meM A. zrI 12 - nemicandrajI bhI kahate hai ki jIva meM yadyapi pAMca varNa, 5 rasa, do gaMdha aura ATha sparza nahIM hote| ataH nizcaya se vaha amUrtika hI hai, parantu karmoM se ba~dhA hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra se vaha mUrtika hai| ataH kathaMcit mUrtika AtmA ke sAtha mUrtika karmoM kA baMdha hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| dekhie - "ghI mUlataH dUdha meM aura sonA mUlata: pASANa meM milatA hai| inhIM kI taraha jIva bhI mUlataH dravya-kSetra-kAla- bhAvarUpa saMzleSa saMbandha ko prApta apane amUrtika svabhAva se cyuta huA hI prApta hotA hai ataH vaha mUlataH amUrtika na hokara kathaca mUrtika hai| aisA mAna lene para saMsAra dazA meM amUrtika AtmA kA mUrtika karma se bandha hone meM koI virodha nahIM aataa|" - karma siddhAnta - zrI jinendravarNI prazna / zaMkA- ina pudgala karmoM meM esI kyA zakti hai, jo cetanasvabhAvI AtmA ko vibhAvabhAvoM meM pariNamAtI hai? samAdhAna- jaise pIne vAle ko zarAba pAgala / mohita kara detI hai| zarAba ke naze meM madahoza hokara zarAbI saba kucha bhUla jAtA hai vaise hI jar3akarma bhI jIva ko vimohita kara apane svabhAva se cyuta kara dete haiM arthAt vibhAvabhAvoM meM pariNata karA dete haiN| isa viSaya meM zrI ToDaramalajI kahate haiM jaise kisI puruSa ke sira para maMtrita bhUlaDAla dI jAtI hai to vaha usake nimitta se apane ko bhUlakara viparIta ceSTA karatA hai; kyoMki maMtra ke nimitta se dhUla meM aisI zakti A jAtI hai ki sayAnA puruSa bhI viparIta pariNamana karane lagatA hai| isI prakAra AtmapradezoM meM rAgAdi ke nimitta se baMdhe hue jar3akarmo ke prabhAva se AtmA apane ko bhUlakara nAnAvidha viparIta bhAvoM se pariNamana karatI hai| phalataH jar3a karmoM meM aisI zakti A jAtI hai jo caitanya puruSa ko viparIta pariNamAtI hai| cetanasvabhAvI jIva ke svabhAva kA parAbhava kara yaha jar3a karma hI manuSya Adi paryAyoM meM utpanna karAtA hai / " zrI padmapurANa meM bhI kahA hai ki baloM meM karmakRta bala hI prabala hai| 'balAnAM hi samastAnAM valaM karmakRtaM param" tathA bar3e kheda kI bAta hai ki ye saMsArI prANI ina karmoM ke dvArA caturgati meM kaise nacAye jAte haiM? | saMsArI jIva karmAdhIna hai vastutaH saMsAra dazA meM sabhI jIva karmAdhIna hote haiN| jainadarzanAnusAra karma karane meM jIva svataMtra hai, parantu karmoM kA phala bhogane meM vaha karmAdhIna hotA hai- 'svayaM kie jo karma zubhAzubha phala nizcaya hI ve dete' "avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRtaM karmazubhAzubham" tathA "svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham"- bhAvanA dvAtriMzikA |
Page #301
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 13 AptaparIkSA meM bhI kahA hai ki "karmo ke dvArA saMsArI jIva parataMtra hotA hai| sabhI saMsArI jIva apane-apane karmo se baMdhe hote haiN| ataH karmoM ke anusAra hI unakI buddhi aura pravRtti hotI hai| "buddhi karmAnusAriNI" acche karmoM ke anusAra utpanna huI buddhi manuSya ko sanmArga kI ora le jAtI hai tathA bure karmoM ke anusAra utpanna buddhi kumArga kI ora le jAtI hai| sanmArga para calane se muktilAbha hotA hai aura kumArga para calane se saMsAra meM bhaTakanA hotA hai| ataH buddhi ke karmAnusAra hone se mukti kI prApti meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| jayadhavalA bhAga-16 pRSTha 187 meM bhI kahA hai ki saMsArI jIva anAdikAlIna karma ke saMbandha meM parAdhIna hai| donoM kI svatantra sattA- AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA ekakSetrAvagAhI saMzleSa saMbandha hone para bhI ina donoM kI sattA svataMtra banI rahatI hai| vaha sattA avyakta yA tirobhUta avazya ho jAtI hai, para samApta nahIM hotii| baMdha dazA meM donoM kI vaibhAvika pariNati rahane se ve apane-apane svabhAva se cyuta rahate haiN| karma-nokarma se ba~dhakara jIva vijAtIya bane rahate haiM; parantu satpuruSArtha se jIva jaba karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai to vaha pUrNa zuddha hokara apane svabhAva meM A jAtA hai aura jar3akarma bhI baMdhanamukta hokara apane zuddhasvabhAva ko pA letA hai| jaise- jala rAsAyanika prayoga se oNksIjana aura hAIDrojana rUpa mUlasvabhAva meM A jAte haiN| yaha avazya hai ki pUrNa karmamukta huA jIva phira karmoM se nahIM bNdhtaa| jaise- ghI phira dUdha nahIM bntaa| ekakSetrAvagAhI saMbandha meM rahate hue bhI jIva jIva hI rahatA hai aura pudgala pudgala hI rahatA hai| donoM apane maulika guNoM ko eka samaya ke lie bhI nahIM chodd'te| jIva kI prakriyA jIva meM aura pudgala kI prakriyA pudgala meM hI hotI hai| jIva kI jIva ke dvArA aura pudgala kI pudgala ke dvArA prakriyA saMpanna hotI rahatI hai; parantu ina donoM kI prakriyAoM meM aisI samatA/ ekarUpatA rahatI hai ki jIvadravya kabhI pudgala kI prakriyA ko apanI aura apanI prakriyA ko pudgala kI mAna baiThatA hai| jIva kI yahI bhrAnta mAnyatA mithyAtva, moha yA ajJAna kahalAtI hai aura yahI saMsAra kI bIja hai||2|| pratyeka jIva apanI-apanI prakRti ke anusAra alaga-alaga karma karatA hai| vaha karma pratyeka jIva meM bhinna-bhinna DhaMga se svataMtrarUpa se vkta hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAnava kI bAhya racanA banAvaTa eka jaisI hone para bhI unake AkAra-prakAra, buddhi, vaibhava, svAsthya, hAvabhAva tathA vyaktitva Adi pRthak-pRthak hote haiN| eka hI mAtA kI saMtAnoM meM bhI vyavahAra, buddhi, AcAra-vicAra Adi alaga-alaga pAye jAte haiN| isase bhI karmoM kI svataMtratA siddha hotI hai| ba~dha dazA meM jIva ke svAbhAvika guNa karmoM se AvRtta hone ke kAraNa usakI dRSTi vikArayukta rahatI hai| ataH pratyeka padArtha ko viparIta dekhatA-jAnatA hai aura tadanusAra kriyAe~/ ceSTAe~ karatA hai, parantu baMdha dazA meM bhI jIva aura karmarUpa pudgala apane-apane svAbhAvika guNoM ko chor3akara anyarUpa nahIM hote| jIva karma nahIM bana jAtA aura karma jIvarUpa pariNata nahIM hote| apane-apane svAbhAvika guNoM ke sAtha donoM kI sattA svataMtra banI rahatI hai|
Page #302
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa AtmA aura karma-sambandha anAdi se hai- jaba se jIva hai tabhI se jIva ke sAtha karmoM kA saMyoga bhI hai| cU~ki jIva anAdi hai| ataH usake sAtha karmasaMbandha bhI anAdi hai| anAdikAla se hI ye donoM baMdhI huI dazA meM pAye jAte haiN| jaise sone kI khAna meM sonA tathA anya vijAtIya padArtha anAdi se hI saMyukta avasthA meM pAye jAte haiN| khadAna meM unheM kisI ne milAyA nahIM hai| isI taraha kisI ne jIva ke sAtha karmoM kA jabarana saMbandha nahIM karAyA hai| paramAtma prakAza meM bhI ullekha hai15 "jIvoM ke karma anAdikAla se haiN| isa jIva ne karma nahIM utpanna kiye tathA karmo ne bhI jIva ko nahIM upajAyA; kyoMki jIva aura karma kA saMbandha anAdi hai|" karmaprakRti meM bhI aisA hI kathana hai-16 'saMsArI jIva kA svabhAva rAgAdi rUpa se pariNata hone kA hai aura karma kA svabhAva use rAgAdirUpa se pariNamAne kA kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha jIva aura karmo kA yaha svabhAva anAdikAlika hai| ataH donoM kI sattA bhI anAdikAla se hai|" paMcAstikAya meM A.zrI kundakundadeva ne kahA hai| "janma-maraNa ke cakra meM par3e hue saMsArastha prANI ke rAgadveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| unase naye karma ba~dhate haiN| karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai| janma lene se zarIra milatA hai| zarIra meM indriyA~ hotI haiM aura indriyoM se viSayoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| viSayoM ke grahaNa se iSTa viSayoM meM rAga aura aniSTa viSayoM meM dveSa karatA hai| isa taraha saMsAracakra meM par3e hue jIva ke bhAvoMse karmabaMdha aura karmabaMdha se rAgadveSarUpa bhAva hote rahate haiN| yaha saMsAracakra abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA anAdianaMta hai tathA bhavyoM kI apekSA anAdi-sAnta hai|" niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jIva aura karma kA saMbandha anAdi hai| tattvArthasUtra meM A. zrI umAsvAmI karmajanya zarIroM kI vizeSatAeM batalAte hue kahate haiM ki audArika, vaikrayika, AhAraka, taijasa aura kArmaNa- ina pAMcoM meM se antima do zarIra taijasa au kArmaNazarIra pUrva zarIroM se uttarottara anantaguNe- anantaguNe sUkSma haiM, pratighAta rahita haiM, sabhI saMsAriyoM ke anAdikAla se saMbandhita haiM tathA antima kArmaNavargaNAoM se banA huA kArmaNa-zarIra bhoga rahita hai| astu, karma aura jIva paraspara anAdikAla se karmasiddhAnta kA AdhAra jIva-pudgala kA nimitta-naimittika saMbandha jaDa karma/ mUrta pudgala tathA amUrta jIva ke bIca nimitta-naimittika-bhAvarUpa- saMbandha hai| karma-saMzliSTa zarIra aura saMyogI dhana-dhAnyAdi padArthoM kA prabhAva hama sabhI ke jIvana para par3atA hai jisakI pratIti hama sabhI sadA karate rahate haiN| inake prati hamArI cittavRttiyA~ AkRSTa hotI haiN| zarIra meM roga/ pIr3A hone para duHkha hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki jar3a padArtho meM bhI amUrtika jIva ke bhAvoM ko prabhAvita karane kI zakti hai| isI se inake bIca nimitta-naimittika saMbandha hone kI puSTi hotI hai| aisA hI saMbandha isa jIva kA anya cetana padArthoM ke sAtha bhI hai| tabhI to hama putra-kalatra Adi cetana padArtho ke sukha meM sukhI aura duHkha meM duHkhI hote haiN| krodhI ko
Page #303
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 dekhakara bhaya tathA vItarAgI santa ko dekhakara zraddhA-bhakti ke bhAva jAgrata hote haiN| isase bhI eka jIva kA anya jIvoM ke bhAvoM ke sAtha nimitta-naimittika saMbandha siddha hotA hai| isase yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki jIva ke amUrtika bhAvoM meM bAhya jar3a padArthoM para tathA anya jIvoM ke amUrtika bhAvoM para nimittarUpa se prabhAva DAlane kI sAmarthya hai| inake sivAya jIva kI icchA kA nimitta pAkara hAtha-pAMva kA saMcAlita honA, icchAbAna kumhAra dvArA ghaTAdi padArthoM kI utpatti honA jar3a-cetana donoM meM paraspara nimitta-naimittika zakti ko siddha karate haiN| karma eka rUpa aneka- saMsAra kA mUlabhUta mithyAbhAvarUpa bhAvakarma tathA dravyarUpa meM baddha huA pudgala piNDarUpa dravyakarma mUla meM eka rUpa hI (bhedarahita) hotA hai, parantu baMdhane ke bAda dravyakarma jJAnAvaraNAAdirUpa se ATha bhedarUpa tathA 148 uttara prakRtirUpa pariNata ho jAtA hai| jaise eka bAra meM khAye gaye eka hI anna kA rasa rudhira Adi sAta dhAturUpa se pariNamana hotA hai vaise hI eka Atma pariNAma se grahaNa kiye gaye pudgala jJAnAvaraNAdi aneka bhedarUpa ho jAte haiN| A. zrI akalaMkadeva ne bhI kahA hai ki jaise eka agni meM dAha, pAka, pratApa, prakAza aura sAmarthya hai, vaise hI eka pudgala meM AvaraNa tathA sukha-du:kha Adi meM nimitta hone kI zakti hai- usameM koI virodha nahIM hai|(tttvaarth rAjavA. 8/4) A. zrI vIrasena svAmI kA bhI kathana hai ki eka karma aneka prakRtirUpa ho jAtA hai| jIva svayaM aisI ATha zaktiyoM vAlA hai ki mithyAtva, asaMyama, kaSAya aura yogarUpa pratyayoM ke Azraya se jIva ke sAtha eka avagAhanA meM sthita kArmaNa-vargaNA ke pudgala skandha ekarUpa hote hue bhI AThakarmoM ke AkArarUpa pariNata ho jAte haiN| jaise- megha kA jala pAtra vizeSa (nIma, Ikha, nadI, sarovara Adi) meM par3akara vibhinna rasoM meM pariNamana kara jAtA hai| usI taraha jJAnazakti kA uparodha hone para jJAnAvaraNa sAmAnyarUpa se pariNamita ho jAtA hai| isI taraha anya karmoM kA bhI mUla aura uttara prakRti rUpa se pariNamana ho jAtA hai| zrI bhAskaranandI kA kathana hai ki jaise khAye hue anna Adi ko vikArotpAdaka vAle pitta-kapha use rasa rakta Adi pariNamanarUpa bheda ko karA dete haiM, vaise hI Atma-pariNAma dvArA grahaNa kiye gaye pudgala praveza karate samaya hI apanI sAmarthya se AvaraNa anubhavana, mohotpAdana, bhavadhAraNa, nAnA jAtirUpa nAmakaraNa, gotra aura vighnakaraNa kI sAmarthya yukta hone se aneka rUpa se pariNamana karate haiN|26 karmabheda- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma ke bheda se karma do prakAra kA hai- pudgalapiMDa rUpa dravyakarma aura usakI zakti bhAvakarma hai- "pogalapiMDa davvaM tassatti bhAvakammaM tu" - go. karmakANDa / / 6 / / zAstroM meM pradhAna rUpa se pudgala kI paryAya kriyApradhAna aura jIva kI paryAya bhAvapradhAna hai| isalie pudgala-vargaNAoM ke ApasI saMbandha se banA skandha dravyakarma hai aura jIva ke upayoga meM rAga Adi ke kAraNa jJeyoM ke sAtha huA bandha bhAvakarma hai| yogoM kI parispanda kriyA ke phalasvarUpa dravyakarmarUpa pudgalaskandha jIva ke Atma pradezoM ke sAtha ba~dhate haiN| vargaNAbheda kI apekSA- pudgala kI 23 vargaNAoM meM se
Page #304
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 16 karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa kevala pAMca vargaNAe~- (1) AhAravargaNAeM (2) bhASAvargaNAeM (3) manovargaNAeM (4) tejovargaNAeM (5) kArmaNavargaNAeM) hI jIva ke dvArA karmarUpa se grahaNa karane yogya haiN| unheM jIva dravyakarma rUpa se grahaNa karatA hai aura chor3atA hai| inameM se kArmaNa-vargaNA se kArmaNa-zarIrara, taijasavargaNA se taijasazarIra aura zeSa tIna vargaNAoM se zarIra, bhASA zvAsocchavAsa, dravyamana Adi banate haiN| ise nokarma kahate haiN| isa prakAra karma aura nokarmaye dravyakarma ke do bheda haiN| jIva jisa prakAra yogoM dvArA kArmaNa-vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra zarIra saMbandhI nokarma-vargaNAoM ko bhI grahaNa karatA hai| isameM nAmakarma nimitta hotA hai| jIva kA upayoga rUpa bhAvakarma saMkalparUpa hone se gaNanIya nahIM hai, parantu sthUlarUpa se bhAvakarma ko caudaha prakAroM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai- mithyAtva, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA tathA tIna ved| ye sabhI moha, rAga, dveSa meM garbhita haiN| mithyAtva- moha meM, mAna, lobha, hAsya, rati aura tInoM veda- ye sAta rAga meM tathA krodha, mAyA, arati, zoka, bhaya aura jugupsA- ye chaha dveSa meM samAhita hai| rAga bhI zubha aura azubha- do prakAra kA hai| dAna, pUjA, dayA, saMyama, tapa Adi zubharAga hai| hiMsA, jhUTha, corI Adi azubha haiN| zubha ko puNyakarma aura azubha ko pApakarma kahA gayA hai| dveSa to sarvathA azubha/ pAparUpa hI hotA hai| bhAva se prabhAvita karma aura karma se prabhAvita bhAva- jaise zarAba pIne se pIne vAle ke zarIra, mana, nAr3ItaMtra, kriyAkalApa prabhAvita hote haiM, vaise hI jIva ke yoga (AtmapradezoM ke kaMpana) evaM upayoga (bhAva vicAra, saMvega-Avega) se bhI karma prabhAvita hote haiN| zubha yoga- upayoga se karma paramANu puNya-prazasta/ sukhadAyI karmarUpa meM pariNamana karate haiM to azubha yoga-upayoga se hI ve karma paramANu pApa (azubha-aprazasta/duHkhadAyI) karmarUpa se pariNamana kara lete haiN| zuddhopayoga se/ AtmA ke nirmala pariNAma se karmaparamANu puNya yA pAparUpa se pariNamana nahIM karate haiN| zubha azubha aura zuddha yoga-upayoga se kevala baMdhane vAle navIna pudgala paramANuoM meM bhI parivartita hote haiN| arthAt pUrvabaddha karma bhI prabhAvita hote haiN| zuddha pariNAmoM se baMdhe hue prAcIna karma-paramANuoM ke bandhana meM zithilatA AtI hai aura nirjarA yA kSaya ho jAtA hai| isa siddhAnta ko manovijJAna, zarIra vijJAna, cikitsAvijJAna, jInomathyorI, vidhi-kAnUna Adi bhI svIkAra karate haiM tathA anubhava meM bhI aisA AtA hai| dekhie zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra acche bhAvoM se zarIra-graMthioM se savita rasa bar3A guNakArI hotA hai aura dUSita bhAvoM se savita rasa hAnikAraka hotA hai| prema evaM vAtsalyabhAva se pilAyA gayA mA~ kA dUdha amRta-tunya prabhAvaka hotA hai tathA dUSita pariNAmoM se pilAyA dUdha viSatulya bana jAtA hai| isI taraha AtmavizvAsa anukUla sadvicAra Adi acche pariNAmoM se roga-pratirodhaka zakti bar3hatI hai aura roga zIghra dUra ho jAte haiN| duzcintA, krodha, IrSyA, tanAva, Avega-udvega Adi dUSita bhAvoM se vibhinna zArIrika mAnasika roga hote haiM tathA dayA, sevA, kSamA, paropakAra, namratA, saralatA aura sadvicAroM meM prAyaH Adhi-vyAdhi nahIM hotIM,
Page #305
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 17 anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 roga pratirodhaka zakti bar3hatI hai, zveta rakta-kaNikAoM meM vRddhi hotI hai, AbhAmaMDala dIpta/udIpta hotA hai| jInomathyorI ke anusAra jInoM kI vividhatAnusAra bhAva, roga, aMga-upAMga hote haiN| jIva meM parivartana ke sAtha jInasaMbandhI bhAva Adi meM bhI parivartana hotA hai| prAyazcita vidhi ke anusAra jo sacce bhAvoM se doSoM ko svIkAra kara vinaya karatA huA punaH doSa na karane kI pratijJA letA hai, usake bhAvoM meM nirmalatA AtI hai, tanAva dUra hotA hai| gurU bhI use doSamukta kara kama daNDa dete haiN| isa vivecanA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki "amUrtika sUkSmabhAvoM meM bAhara ke jar3a tathA cetana padArthoM ko prabhAvita karane kI vicitra sAmarthya hotI hai| bandha ke kAraNa mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye 5 karmabandha ke kAraNa kahe gaye haiN| kaSAyasahita hone se jIva karma ke yogya pudgala-skandhoM ko jo grahaNa karatA hai, vaha bandha hai| baMdha yogya sUkSma pudgala vargaNAe~ lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para ananta-ananta sthita hai| kAjala kI DibbI kI bhAMti ye saMpUrNa loka meM parivyApta hai| ataH ye jIva ke AtmapradezoM meM/ para bhI sthita hai| baMdhayogya ina vargaNAoM ko 'vinasopacaya' kahate haiN| jIva ke rAgadveSAdi bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara ye hI dravyakarma aura nokarmarUpa se pariNata ho jAtI kArmaNa-zarIra dravyakarma rUpa kArmaNa-vargaNAoM se hI sUkSma zarIra 'kArmaNa-zarIra' kI racanA huI hai| ye vargaNAeM AtmapradezoM para ekakSetrAvagAhI rUpa se sthita hai| kArmaNa-zarIra hI jIva kA mUlabhUta zarIra hai, jo jIva kI eka paryAya samApta hone para bhI sAtha nahIM chodd'taa| anAdikAla se hI yaha jIva ke sAtha baMdhA calA A rahA hai| isameM yadyapi pratikSaNa kucha purAne karma jhar3ate haiM aura kucha naye jur3ate cale jAte haiN| saMtAnakrama se yaha zarIra dhruva banA rahatA hai| jIva ke bAhya zarIroM kA aura rAgAdibhAvoM kA preraka yahI kArmaNa zarIra hai| isakA pUrNa nAza (kSaya) hone para hI mukti hotI hai| mumukSu sAdhaka isI mukti ko pAne hetu satata sAdhanArata rahate haiN| bandha-bheda prakRtibandha sthitibandha anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha ke bheda se bandha cAra prakAra kA hai| (ka) prakRtibandha- AtmA ke saMbandha ke sAtha bandha ko prApta karmoM meM svabhAvoM kA prakaTa honA prakRtibandha hai| prakRti arthAt svbhaav| jaise nIma kA svabhAva kaDuvA tathA Ikha kA svabhAva mIThA hotA hai| jIva kA svabhAva jAnanA -dekhanA hai aura pudgala kA svabhAva rUpa-rasAdirUpa hai| jaisA-jaisA citra-vicitra yoga tathA upayoga yaha jIva karatA hai vaisA-vaisA vicitra svabhAva isa kArmaNa-zarIra meM par3a jAtA hai| jaise yaha audArika zarIra calane-bolane, dekhane-sunane Adi vibhinna prakRtiyoM ko pAkara aneka aMgopAMga vAlA ho jAtA hai vaise hI yaha eka kArmaNa-zarIra bhI vibhinna svabhAvoM ko pAkara aneka bhedoM vAlA ho jAtA hai| isa
Page #306
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa taraha dravyakarma kI jJAnAvaraNa Adi ATha mUla prakRtiyA~ tathA 148 uttara prakRtiyA~ karma pratipAdaka zAstroM meM kahI gaI hai| ATha prakRtiyA~ aura unakA svabhAva-31 (1) jJAnAvaraNa- jo jJAna ko ddhke| isakA svabhAva devatA ke mukha para vastra jaisA hai| vastra devatA vizeSa kA jJAna hone meM bAdhaka hai| (2) darzanAvaraNa- jo vastu ko nahIM dekhane deve| jaise- pratihAra-rAjadvAra para baiThA phredaar| yaha rAjA ko dekhane se rokatA hai| isI taraha darzanAvaraNa vastu kA darzana nahIM hone detaa| (3) vedanIya- sukha-duHkha kA vedana (anabhavana) karAtA hai| isakA svabhAva zahadalapeTI talavAra kI taraha hai jise cakhane para kucha sukha milatA hai para jIbha ke kaTane se bahuta du:kha hotA hai| isI taraha sAtA- asAtA vedanIya sukha-du:kha vedana karAte haiN| (4) mohanIya- mohita/aceta krnaa| isakA svabhAva madirA jaisA hai| madirA zarAbI ko madahoza/aceta kara detI hai| use apane svarUpa kA/ apane kA kucha bhI bodha nahIM rhtaa| isI prakAra mohanIya karma AtmA ko mohita/ bebhAna banA detA hai jise use apane svarUpa kA bodha hI nahIM ho paataa| (5) Ayukarma- jo kisI paryAya-vizeSa meM roka rkhe| isakA svabhAva lohe kI sAMkala yA kATha ke yaMtra kI taraha hai| Ayukarma sAMkala yA kATha ke yaMtra kI bhAMti apane hI sthAna/paryAya meM roke rakhatA hai| AyusamApti ke pUrva anya paryAya meM nahIM jAne detaa| (6) nAmakarma- nAnA taraha ke kAryo ko karane vaalaa| isakA citrakAra kI taraha hai| citrakAra kI bhAMti yaha nAmakarma bhI nAnA rUpoM kA nirmANa karatA hai| (7) gotrakarma-U~ca-nIcapane ko prApta kraanaa| isakA svabhAva kuMbhakAra ke samAna hai| jaise kumhAra miTTI ke choTe-bar3e bartana banAtA hai vaise hI gotrakarma U~ca-nIca gotroM meM janma karAtA hai| jIva kI U~ca-nIca avasthA banAtA hai| (8) antarAya- jo antara/ bAdhA yA vyavadhAna kre| isakA svabhAva bhaMDArI (khajAMcI) kI taraha hotA hai| jaise bhaMDArI dUsare ko dAnAdi dene meM vighna karatA hai, vaise hI yaha antarAyakarma dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga meM bAdhA upasthita karatA hai| ghAtI-aghAtI prakRtiyA~ jIva meM do prakAra ke vikAra hote haiN| (1) dravya- pradezavikAra aura (2) bhaavvikaar| (1) pradezavikAra arthAt baahysNyog-viyog| jaise jIva kA zarIra kAlA-gorA, dubalA-patalA yA choTA-bar3A honaa| bhAvavikAra arthAt jIva ke rAga-dveSa moha bhAvoM kA honA, jJAna kI hAni-vRddhi honaa| jIva ke aMtaraMga/ zuddhabhAva mukhyataH jJAna-darzana-sukha-vIrya haiN| 'ghAtiyA karma' jIva ke inhIM guNoM ko prakaTa nahIM hone dete| ye karma jIva ke bhAvoM ko AcchAdita/vikRta karate haiN| isI se ghAtI/ ghAtiyA kahalAte haiN| Upara kahI gaI karma kI 8 mUla prakRtiyoM meM se jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa mohanIya aura antarAya- ye cAra ghAtiyA karma haiN| ye bhI sarvaghAtI aura dezaghAtI ke bheda se do prakAra ka haiN| karmo kI kula 148 uttara prakRtiyoM meM se 20 sarvaghAtI aura 26 dezaghAtI uttara prakRtiyA~ haiN| (2) jIva ke yadi moha-mithyAtva nahIM hai| to usake pradezavikAroM kA (bAhya saMyoga-viyogarUpa dravyavikAroM kA) usake zuddha svabhAva para koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| jaise
Page #307
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 19 arihanta avasthA meM aghAtiyA karmoM ke rahate hue bhI unake jJAnAdi guNoM kA ghAta nahIM hotA, jIva ke rAgadveSAtmaka bhAva nahIM hote, svAbhAvika guNoM kA ghAta nahIM hotaa| isIlie ye aghAtiyA kahe jAte haiN| vedanIya, Ayu nAma aura gotra- ye cAra aghAtiyA karma haiN| prazasta (puNyarUpa) aura aprazasta (pAparUpa) ke bheda se ye bhI do prakAra ke haiN| prazasta prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA bhedavivakSA se 68 aura abhedavivakSA se 42 haiN| aprazasta prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA bhedavivakSA se baMdhayoga 82 aura udayayogya 84 prakRtiyAM haiN| 5 varNa 5 rasa 2 gaMdha aura 8 sparza- ye 20 prakRtiyAM prazasta aura aprazasta donoM rUpa hotI haiN| ataH inakI gaNanA donoM meM hotI hai| vedanIya ko aghAtiyA karmoM meM ginAyA hai parantu yaha sarvathA aghAtiyA nahIM hai| mohanIya ke sadabhAva meM yaha sukha-duHkha kA tIvra vedana karAtI hai| ataH vedanIya aghAtiyA mUla prakRti hote hue bhI ghAtIvat mAnI gaI hai| yaha mohI jIvoM ko hI sukha-duHkha ko vedana karAtI hai, nirmohI vItarAgiyoM ko nhiiN| (kha) sthitibandha- jIva ke rAgAdi bhAvoM ke nimitta se kArmaNa-vargaNAoM kA jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha mUla prakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNamana ho jAne ke bAda jitanI avadhi taka vaha jIva ke AtmapradazoM ke sAtha baddharUpa se TikI rahe utanA kAla usa bandha kI sthiti kahalAtI hai arthAt baddha karma meM sthiti (kAlAvadhi) kA nizcita honA "sthitibandha" kahalAtA hai| jaghanya sthiti se lekara utkRSTa sthiti taka isake aneka bheda haiN| sabase jaghanya sthiti antarmuhurta hai aura utkRSTa sthiti sattara kor3Akor3I sAgara kI hai| pratyeka karmaprakRti kI jaghanya utkRSTa athavA madhyama bandha sthiti avazya hotI hai| darzanamohanIya kI utkRSTa sthiti 70 koDAkor3I sAgara hai| AThoM karmoM kI sthiti meM yaha sarvotkRSTa haiN| cAritra mohanIya kI utkRSTa sthiti cAlIsa kor3Akor3I sAgara hai| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya aura antarAya karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti 30 kor3Akor3I sAgara hai| nAma aura gotra karmoM kI utkRSTa sthiti 20 kor3Akor3I sAgara hai| Ayukarma kI utkRSTa sthiti 33 sAgara mAtra hai| vedanIya kI jaghanya sthiti 12 muhurta, nAma-gotrakarmoM kI jaghanya sthiti 8 muhurta tathA zeSa sabhI karmoM kI jaghanya sthiti, antamuhUrta hai| bandha-sattva-udaya-nirjarA- baddhakarmavizeSa bandhasthiti se lekara jitane kAla taka binA phala die bekAra sA par3A rahatA hai, ise "karma kI sattA" kahA jAtA hai| parantu bandhasthiti kAla pUrA hone para jaba vaha karma phalonmukha hotA hai, jIva ke bhAvoM para apanA prabhAva DAlane ke lie tatpara hotA hai, to yaha usakA --paripAka yA udayakAla" kahalAtA hai| sthitikAla kA antima kSaNa hI vastutaH "udayakAla" hai, kyoMki usa kSaNa meM vaha phala dekara uttaravartI kSaNa meM hI AtmapradezoM se chUTakara punaH kArmaNa-vargaNAoM meM mila jAtA hai| ise hI "karma-nirjarA" kahA jAtA hai|" niSeka racanA- samaya-samaya para jo karma khirai/ nirjIrNa hoM, unake samUha ko "niSeka" kahate haiN| karmoM kI sthiti meM niSekoM kI racanA hotI hai| kisI eka samaya meM baMdhA huA karma-vargaNAoM kA eka piNDa "eka samaya prabaddha" kahalAtA hai| isameM AThoM
Page #308
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 20 karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa karma prakRtiyoM ke kArmaNa-skandha zAmila rahate haiN| pratyeka prakRti ke skandha meM anantoM kArmaNa-vargaNAeM hotI haiM; jo samAna sthiti vAlI nahIM hotiiN| kucha kI sthiti sabase kama hotI hai, kucha kI adhika aura kucha kI usase bhI adhika hotI hai| isa kramAnusAra antima kucha vargaNAoM kI sthiti sabase adhika hotI hai| yahI usa vivakSita karma kI sAmAnyasthiti kahI jAtI hai| karmavizeSa kI vivakSita sthiti ke samayoM ko IMToM kI bhAMti nIce Upara krama se sthApita karake eka samayaprabaddha kI eka-eka prakRti ke dravya ko vargaNAoM meM vibhAjita kara una kramabaddha samayoM para nIce se Upara kI ora sthApita kreN| sabase adhika vargaNAeM sthitikAla ke sabase nicale prathama samaya para rkheN| unase kucha kama vargaNAeM usake Upara dUsare samaya para sthApita kreN| usase kama tIsare samaya para rkheN| isa prakAra hAnikrama se pratyeka samaya para kucha-kucha kama vargaNAeM rakhate jaaeN| sabase Upara antima samaya para sabase kama antima zeSa bhAga rakhakara usa vivakSita dravya ko samApta kreN| isa prakAra eka-eka samaya para sthApita vargaNAoM kA piMDa hI usa usa samaya kA niSeka hotA hai| 38 udaya- sattArUpa se nizceSTa par3A karma jaba phalonmukha hotA hai taba vaha 'udaya meM AyA" kahA jAtA hai, parantu udayonmukha hone para bhI nIMda se uThe vyakti kI khumArI kI taraha vaha karma kucha kAla taka phala dene meM samartha nahIM ho paataa| utane kAla ko 44 'AbAdhAkAla" kahA jAtA hai| 39 eka samayaprabaddha kA sArA dravya eka hI bAra phala dekara nahIM khiratA, apitu uparyukta niSeka racanA ke anusAra pratisamaya krama se eka-eka niSeka udaya meM Akara phala dekara khiratA hai| isa krama se khirate hue antima samaya para sthita antima niSeka udaya meM Akara jhar3a jAtA hai| isa prakAra khirate hue, jitane samayoM meM kula dravya khira jAtA hai, vaha usa vivakSita karma kI "sAmAnyasthiti" kahI jAtI hai tathA jitane jitane kAla ke pazcAt jo-jo niSeka khiratA hai utane utane kAlapramANa usa niSeka kI "vizeSa sthiti" kahalAtI hai| yaha vizeSa sthiti eka vivakSita niSeka kI apekSA kavela eka sUkSma samayapramANa hotI hai| udayAgata niSeka ke alAvA AgAmI samayoM para sthita niSeka "sattAgata niSeka" kahalAte haiN| udaya meM Ane para hI ye apanA acchA yA burA phala dete haiN| (ga) anubhAga bandha- 'vipAko'nubhava:'-8 / 21 ta sUtra / baddhakarma kA paripAka honA, usameM phaladAna zakti kA par3anA " anubhAgabandha" hai| karma kI phaladAna zakti kI tarantamatA kA nAma anubhAga hai, jo bhAvAtmaka hotA hai| isalie isakA mApa " avibhAgapraticcheda" se kiyA jAtA hai| Aja kI bhASA meM ise "DigrI" kaha sakate haiN| tApa kA mApa 'DigrI' meM kiyA jAtA hai| 'zakti- aMza' yA 'bhAvAnAtmaka yUniTa" kA nAma " avibhAga praticcheda" hai| 44 prakRti aura anubhAga meM antara prakRti karma ke svabhAva ko batalAtI hai jabaki anubhAga karma kI tIvra yA manda phaladAna zakti (rasa) ko kahA jAtA hai| prakRti sAmAnya hai aura anubhAga usakA vizeSa hai| jaise Ama kI prakRti sAmAnyataH usakI miThAsa hai,
Page #309
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 parantu vaha kitanA mIThA hai? kama yA adhika? yaha usakA anubhAga hai| isI prakAra dUdha bhI sabhI samAna prakRtivAle hote haiM, parantu bhaiMsa ke dUdha meM gAya kI apekSA jyAdA cikanAhaTa hotI hai aura bakarI ke dUdha meM gAya ke dUdha se bhI kama hotI hai| isI taraha baddha karma meM phaladAna zakti kI tarattamatA kA nAma anubhAga hai| rAga-dveSAtmaka bhAvakarma kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anusAra hI karmoM meM phaladAna kI zakti par3atI hai| adhika tIvratA vAle bhAvakarma se adhika anubhAga vAle dravyakarma kA bandha hotA hai aura hIna yA manda kaSAya vAle bhAvakarma se hIna anubhAga yukta dravyakarma kA bandha hotA hai| yaha anubhAga bandha hI jIva ke guNoM ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai, prakRti bAdhaka nahIM hotI hai| ghAtiyA karmoM kI phaladAnazakti latA, kATha, haDDI aura patthara ke samAna hai| inameM jaisA krama se adhika-adhika kaThorapanA hai, vaisA hI ina karmoM ke anubhAga meM hotA hai| dArubhAga ke anantaveM bhAga taka zaktirUpa sparddhaka sarvaghAtI hai| inake udaya hone para AtmA ke guNa prakaTa nahIM hote| aghAtiyA karmoM meM prazasta prakRtiyoM ke zakti bheda gur3a, khAMDa, mizrI aura amRta ke samAna uttarottara mIThApana lie hue haiN| aprazasta prakRtiyoM ke zaktibheda nIma, kAMjIra viSa aura hAlAhala ke samAna jAnanA cAhie arthAt sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI kAraNa bhUta donoM hI puNya aura pApakarma-prakRtiyoM kI zaktiyoM ko cAra-cAra taraha se tarantama rUpa se samajhanA caahie| (gha) pradezabandha-baddha karmaskandha meM sthita paramANuoM kI saMkhyA "pradezabandha" hai| dravyakarma kI pratyeka prakRti meM jisane karmaparamANu baMdha ko prApta hote haiM, unheM usa karmaprakRti kA 'pradezabandha' kahate haiN| eka samaya prabaddha kI to bAta hI kyA hai, eka niSeka meM bhI anantAnanda pradeza hote haiN| A. zrI umAsvAmI ne kahA hai ki prati samaya yoga vizeSa se karmaprakRtiyoM ke kAraNabhUta ekakSetrAvagAhIrUpa se sthita sUkSma anantAnanta pudgala paramANu saba ora se Atma pradezoM meM saMbandha ho prApta hote haiN| yahA~ yaha vizeSa jJAtavya hai ki pradeza baMdha se jIva ko koI hAni yA lAbha nahIM hotA, kyoMki kama pradeza hoM yA adhika pradeza hoM, phala to tIvra yA manda anubhAga kA hI hotA hai, pradeza saMkhyA kA nhiiN| samayaprabaddha kA 8 karmaprakRtiyoM meM baMTavArA- eka samaya meM grahaNa kiyA huA samaya prabaddha ATha mUla prakRtirUpa pariNamatA hai| sabhI mUla prakRtiyoM meM Ayukarma kA hissA sabase thor3A hai| nAmakarma aura gotrakarma kA bhAga Apasa meM barAbara hotA hai, para Ayukarma se adhika hotA hai| antarAya, darzanAvaraNa aura jJAnAvaraNa kA bhAga bhI Apasa meM samAna hai, to bhI nAmakarma, aura gotrakarma se adhika hai| isase bhI adhika mohanIya karma kA hissA hai tathA mohanIya se bhI adhika bhAga vedanIya karma kA rahatA hai| cUMki vedanIya karma sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa hai| isalie isakI nirjarA bhI adhika hotI hai| isI se dravyakarma kA sabase adhika bhAga isavedanIya karma ke khAte meM jAtA hai| bAkI saba mUla prakRtiyoM ke dravya kA sthiti ke anusAra baTavArA hotA hai| jisakI sthiti adhika hotI hai, use
Page #310
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa adhika hissA jAtA hai, kama sthiti ko kama tathA samAna sthiti vAle ko samAna hissA milatA hai| uparyukta cAroM meM se prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha jIva ke yogoM dvArA hote haiM tathA sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kaSAyaraMjita upayoga dvArA hote haiN| ina cAroM meM sthitabandha aura anubhAgabandha hI ghAtaka hai| inheM rokane ke lie Atma hitaiSiyoM ko satata sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| sabhI kArya svabhAva se hI niSpanna hote haiM- karmabandha ke kArya/dravyabandha ke baMdha udaya Adi kArya sahaja svabhAva se hI nimitta-naimittika bhAva ke dvArA niSpanna hote rahate haiN| inakA koI saMcAlaka, dizAnirdezaka yA niyaMtraNakartA nahIM hai| saMsAra ke sAre kriyAkalApa apane Apa isI karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra saMcAlita hote rahate haiN| ina kAryoM ke niSpAdana meM kisI bhI niyantA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| jaba taka dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kA nimitta-naimittika saMbandha rahegA, taba taka saMsAra isI bhAMti calatA rhegaa| bhAvoM kI zuddhipUrvaka sAdhanArata rahakara saMsAra-bhramaNa kA anta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kI mukhyatA- uparyukta cAroM bandhoM meM sthiti aura anubhAgabandha hI hAniprada aura bAdhaka haiM, prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha nahIM, kyoMki kama anubhAga vAle adhika pradezoM kA udaya jIva ko thor3I hI bAdhA pahuMcAtA hai, jabaki adhika anubhAga vAle thor3e bhI pradezoM kA udaya adhika hAni pahuMcA sakatA hai| jaise khaulate hue jala kI eka kaTorI hI deha meM phor3e aura jalana paidA kara detI hai, jabaki kama garama jala kI eka bAlTI bhI vyakti ko koI hAni nahIM phuNcaatii| ataH karmasiddhAnta meM sarvatra sthiti aura anubhAga ke bandha, udaya, utkarSaNa Adi hI mukhya haiM, prakRtibandha aura pradezabandha nhiiN| karmabandha ke mukhya do kAraNa- (1) yoga aura (2) kaSAya se hI karma AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baMdhate haiN| yogoM-mana-vacana-kAya kI halanacalana rUpa kriyA se kArmaNa vargaNA jIva kI ora AkRSTa hotI haiM, aura kaSAya se ye AtmapradezoM ke sAtha eka kSetrAvagAharUpa sambandha ko prApta ho jAtI haiN| Age calakara ye hI udaya meM Akara apanA phala detI haiN| jIvAtmA ko svaccha dIvAla, kaSAyoM ko goMda aura yoga ko vAyu mAna leM to karmabandha kI prakriyA saralatA se bodhagamya ho jAtI hai| yoga kI A~dhI se ur3akara AyI huI karmarUpI dhUla kaSAyarUpI goMda se anuraMjita jIva kI AtmapradezarUpI dIvAla para cipaka jAtI hai| kaSAyarUpI goMda kI pakar3a jitanI sabala yA nirbala (tIvra yA manda) hogI, baMdha bhI utanA hI pragAr3ha yA zithila hogaa| astu jIva yadi kaSAyabhAva na kare to yogoM se karmoM kA Agamana bhale hI hotA rahe, parantu ve AtmapradezoM se cipakeMge nahIM; kyoMki kaSAya ke abhAva meM Atmapradeza svaccha, sUkhI dIvAla kI bhAMti rheNge| ataH karma Akara unase cipakeMge nahIM, sUkhe-kaSAyarahita AtmapradezoM se lagakara turanta khira/gira jaayeNge| sakaSAyI jIvoM ke hI karmabandha hotA hai, akaSAyI-vItarAgI jIvoM ke nhiiN| arihanta dazA meM yoga ke sadbhAva
Page #311
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 meM karma AtmapradezoM kI ora Ate avazya haiM para ve kaSAya ke abhAva meM baMdhate nahIM hai| turanta jhar3a/ gira jAte haiN| isI se arihantoM ke IryApatha Asrava honA hI kahA gayA hai| karmasaMgati se jIva duHkhI haiM- karma jar3a haiM, nirbala hai aura jIva cetana hai, sabala hai, ananta zakti saMpanna hai, parantu anAdikAla se karmoM kI saMgati se caturgati ke bhramaNa ke duHkhoM ko bhoga rahA hai| jaise lohe kI saMgati se agni bhI ghanoM se pITI jAtI hai| kisI vicAraka ne ThIka hI to kahA hai- 'karma bicAre kauna, bhUla merI adhikaaii| agni sahe ghana-ghAta, loha kI saMgati paaii|| (candraprabhapUjana) upasaMhAra- jainadarzana kA yaha karmasiddhAnta aneka vaiziSTaya saMpanna hai, jo vizva ke aneka rahasyoM ko udghATita karatA hai| yaha vizva vividhatA kA tarka pUrNa vaijJAnika samucita samAdhAna karatA hai| saMsAra-saMcaraNa kI saTIka sarala bodhagamma vyAkhyA karatA hai| karmabandha kI prakriyA kA bodha karAke usase mukti hetu mokSamArga para bar3hane kI preraNA detA hai tathA IzvarakartRtvavAda, bhAgyavAda, niyativAda jaisI mithyA bhrAnta evaM ekAnta mAnyatAoM kA yuktipUrvaka nirAkaraNa karatA hai| karmaviSayaka satya tathyoM ko udghATita karatA hai| jIva aura karmoM ke anAdikAlika sambandha kI udghoSaNA kara sacce sukhazAMti ke sanmArga ko prakAzita karatA hai| AtmA kI anantazaktiyoM ko udghATita karane kA mArga prazasta kara unheM udghATita karane kI preraNA detA hai| tharmAmITara kI bhAMti jIva ke U~ca-nIca bhAvoM/ pariNAmoM kA paricaya karAtA hai| jIva aura karma donoM meM svataMtra sattA kA dizAbodha detA hai| jainasiddhAnta aura tattvajJAna meM sudRr3ha AsthA paidA karatA hai| jIva ko svayaM ke sukha-du:kha kA kartA-bhoktA-hartA kA bodha karAke saMtoSI, svAvalambI aura AtmaniyaMtA banane kA preraNA bhI detA hai| astu jainAbhimata yaha karmasiddhAnta jIvana aura dRzya jagata ke aneka rahasyoM ko udghATita kara ciMtakoM tathA vicArakoM ko camatkRta karatA hai| saMdarbha: 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza- bhAga-2, pRSTha-25 2. "jIvaM parataMtrIkRrvanti sa parataMtrI kriyate vA yastAni karmANi, jIvena vA mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmaiH kriyante rati karmANi"- AptaparIkSA- TIkA-113/296 3. jainadharma (karmasiddhAnta) pRSTha- 142-143 4. pravacanasAra- gAthA 187- siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandajI 5. jIvakRtaM paNiAmaM nimittamAtraM prapadya punrnye| svayameva pariNamante'tra, pudgalaH krmbhaaven||12|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya- A. zrI amRtacandra 6. go. jIvakANDa- gAthA- 249 7. tattvArthasUtra 8/2 tathA karmakANDa- gAthA-3 9. karmasiddhAnta (karmabandha prakaraNa) pRSTha-83- zrI jinendravarNI 9. dravyasaMgraha- gAthA 7, "vaNNa-rasa paMca gaMdhA do phAsA aTTha NiccayA jiive| No saMti amutti tado, vavahArA mutti baMdhA do||7||" 10. padmapurANa, sarga-10, padya-27 11. kaSTaM pazyata nartyante karmabhi-jantavaH kathama- padmapurANa- sarga-11, padya-923 12. evamayaM karmakRtai- bhAvairasamAhito'pi yukta inn|
Page #312
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmasiddhAnta ke katipaya tathyoM kA vivecana-vizleSaNa pratibhAti bAlizAnAM pratibhAsaH sa khalu bhvbiijm||14|| puruSArthasiddhayupAya 13. jainadarzana meM karmavAda, pRSTha-1- DA0 zrI zekhara jaina 14. jainadharma- pR. 92 paM. zrI kailAzacanda 15. paramAtmaprakAza- pRSTha-0/59 16. karmaprakRti- gAthA-24 17. paMcAstikAya- gAthA- 128-130 18. tattvArthasUtra, a.-2- anantaguNe pre||39|| aprtighaate||40|| anAdi sambandhena c||41|| srvsy||4211 nirupbhogmntym||44|| 19-20 padmapurANa, sarga-14, padya-18, 19, 37, karmakANDa-gAthA-2 21. karmasiddhAnta- pRSTha 54-57- zrI jinendravarNI 22. jIvapariNAmaheduM kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi prinnmii||80|| -Navi kuvvai kammaguNe jIvo kammaM taheva jiivgnne| aNNeNa NimitteNa d pariNAmaM jo doNhaM pi|| 81|| 23. go. karmakAMDa- gAthA-33 tattvapra. TIkA, sarvArthasiddhi-8/4, ta.rA.vA., tattvArthavRtti, 24. dhavalA, pR.12, sUtra-11 (4,2,8, 11) pR. 287 25. tattvArtharA. 814 pRSTha-568 26. tattvArthavRtti, 8/4 pRSTha 464 tathA tattvArtharArAjavA. 8/4 pRSTha-568 27. 'ananta zaktisaMpanna paramANu se lekara paramAtmA- pRSTha 336-337, le. vaijJAnika dharmAcArya zrI kanakanandI jI mahArAja 28-29. tattvArthasUtra- 8/1, 8/2 30. tattvArthasUtra- adhyAya 8/3 31. NANassa dasaNassaya AvaraNaM vednniiy-mohnniyN| AugaNAmaM gAdaMtarAyamidi paDhida midi siNh||20|| paDa-paDihArasimajjahali citt-kulaalbhNddyaariinnN| jaha edesiM bhAvA taha viya kammA gnneyvvaa||21 / / go. karmakANDa gAthA- 20-21 32. go. ka. gA. 39-40 33. go. ka. gAthA 41-42 34. go. ka. gAthA 43-44 35. go. karmakANDa- gAthA-127, 128 tathA tattvArthasUtra a. 8/14, 15, 16, 17 sUtra 36. tattvArthasUtra- a. 8/18, 19, 20 sUtra tathA go. karmakANDa gAthA- 139 37. tattvArthasUtra- a. 8/21, 22, 23 sUtra 38. go. karmakANDa- gAthA-161-162 39. go. karmakANDa gAthA-155 40. jisakA dUsarA aMza na ho ho sake aise zakti ke aMza ko 'avibhAga praticcheda" kahate haiN| 41. go. karmakANDa gAthA-180 42, vahI gAthA- 184 43. ta. sUtra a. 8/24 44. go. karmakANDa gAthA- 192 45. vahI gAthA- 193 46. vahI gAthA- 194 47. jogA payaDi padesA Thidi aNubhAga kasAyado hoti||33|| dravyasaMgraha - kAnUnago vArDa, bInA-470113
Page #313
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 mana ( dhyAna meM eka Avazyaka ) 25 -DaoN. saMjaya kumAra jaina eDavokeTa mana eka bahuta bar3I UrjA kA srota hai, kintu usa para niyantraNa na hone ke kAraNa usa UrjA kA vibhinna vicAroM ke rUpa meM bahirgamana hotA rahatA hai, evaM durupayoga bhI hotA rahatA hai| mana vidyuta ke mena svica kI taraha hai ise banda kara deM to indriya- lampaTatA rUpI upakaraNa svataH hI banda ho jAte haiN| saMsAra ko jItanA AsAna hai, lekina apane mana ko jItanA hI saccI jIta hai| mana bhogoM se kabhI tRpta nahIM hotaa| mana kI icchAyeM agni kuNDa sama kabhI manacAhA IMdhana DAlane para bhI bujhatI nahIM; use tRpta karanA hai to usa para tyAga kA aMkuza rakhanA pdd'egaa| mana AkAMkSAoM meM jItA hai, aura AkAMkSAe~ agaNita hotI haiN| yadi mana anAvazyaka chor3a AvazyakatA meM jInA prArambha kara de to Aja hI tRpta ho sakatA hai| mana ko jItanA hai, jInA hai; to hameM AvazyakatA meM jInA hogA kyoMki AvazyakatA kI pUrti sImita hone ke kAraNa mana ko jItane kI sAdhanA sambhava hai| mana kA dhyAna se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| kisI kA Alambana para mana ko kendrita karanA dhyAna hai| ekAgracintAnirodhaH kA artha hai eka hI agra arthAt mukha yA viSaya meM cintA ko roka denaa| anya matoM meM jo dhyAnaM nirviSayaM mana aisI mAnyatA hai, usakA nirasana karate hue jainamata kI avadhAraNA hai ki dhyAna kA eka viSaya mana aura nicalI avasthA meM eka viSayabhUta mana kI pariNati dhyAna hai| kisI eka Alambana para mana ko kendrita karanA dhyAna hai| mana ke vikAra se azubha dhyAna, apadhyAna, mana kI pavitratA se prazasta dhyAna kI siddhi, mana kI ekAgratA ke abhAva dhyAna meM bAdhAe~ aura pavitra cintana se cintAoM, vikalpoM se mukti isa prakAra mana kI vibhinna avasthAeM hamAre dhyAna meM bAdhaka va sAdhaka banatI hai| jaina darzana meM to dhyAna kA lakSaNa ekAgra cintA nirodha- kisI padArtha yA viSaya meM sthira honA dhyAna hai| aba vaha dhyAna kisa koTi kA hai yaha mana kI zuddhi aura vizuddhi para nirbhara karatA hai| jainadarzana meM mana eka abhyantara indriya hai| ye do prakAra kI hai- dravya va bhAva / hRdaya sthAna meM aSTapAMkhur3I ke kamala ke AkAra rUpa pudgaloM kI racanA vizeSa dravya mana hai| cakSu Adi indriyavat apane viSaya meM nimitta hone para bhI apratyakSa va atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa ise indriya na kahakara anindriya yA ISat indriya kahA jAtA hai| saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka pariNAma tathA vicAra, cintavana, AdirUpa jJAna kI avasthA vizeSa bhAva mana hai| mana indriya ko sahAyatA karatA hai, usI mana ke dvArA kramazaH vizeSa aura kriyA
Page #314
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ mana (dhyAna meM eka Avazyaka) hotI hai tathA jisake dvArA dekhe sune gaye padArthoM kA smaraNa hokara heya upAdeya kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha mana hai| vaizeSika mata kA kahanA hai mana eka svatantra dravya hai| vaha rUpa Adi rUpa pariNamana se rahita hai aura aNu mAtra hai| bauddha mata kA kahanA hai ki vijJAna hI mana hai aura isake atirikta koI paudgalika mana nahIM hai| sAMkhya mata kA kahanA hai ki pradhAna kA vikAra hI mana hai aura isake atirikta koI paudgalika mana nahIM hai| zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra karma se kevala mana kI hI zuddhi hotI hai| tattva vastu prApta nahIM ho sktii| isakA mukhya upAya dhyAna hai| svAmI zivAnanda ke anusAra dhyAna hI mokSa prApta karane kA ekamAtra rAja hai| cintana kI ekAgratA ko dhyAna kahate haiN| apane dhyeya meM lIna ho jAnA svayaM ke cetana svarUpa meM rama jAnA dhyAna hai| zrI zrI ravizaMkara kahate hai ki jaba mana vizrAma karatA hai taba buddhi tIkSNa ho jAtI hai| jaba mana AkAMkSA, jvara yA icchA jaisI choTI-choTI cIjoM se bharA ho, taba buddhi kSINa ho jAtI hai| aura jaba buddhi tathA grahaNa kSamatA tIkSNa nahIM hotI, taba jIvana ko pUrNa abhivyakti nahIM milatI hai, nae vicAra nahIM Ate tathA hamArI sAmarthya dina-pratidina kama hone lagatI hai| isa jJAna se hama apane choTe mana ke dAyare se bAhara kadama nikAla sakate haiM aura kadama jIvana kI kaI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna degaa| svAmI caitanya kIrti kahate haiM ki jaba bAta mana, AtmA ke navInIkaraNa kI ho, zuddhatA kI ho, nae najariye kI ho, naI AdatoM kI ho, to dhyAna kI mahattA kAphI ahama ho jAtI hai| dhyAna Apako niraMtara tarotAjA rakhatA hai nakArAtmaka vicAra nahIM Ane detaa| hamezA nayA banAe rakhatA hai| Apake mana mastiSka meM naI UrjA kA saMcAra karatA hai| yahI UrjA jiMdagI ko sakArAtmaka banAtI hai| jIvana meM naI cIjoM ke udbhava meM sahAyaka banatI hai| lihAjA, agara jIvana meM parivartana cAhie to dhyAna kiijie| dhyAna se saMbala AtA hai, cIjoM ko jyAdA behatarIna DhaMga se samajhane kI kriyA kA vikAsa hotA hai| daraasala, atIta kA bojha hamArI jiMdagI ko bAsI banA detA hai| jaba taka bAsIpana dUra nahIM hogA, jIvana meM navInatA kI ummIda karanA bemAnI hogaa| Adhunika vijJAna mana ke astitva ko nahIM mAnatA; balki usake sthAna para smRti, vicAra, sAhacarya Adi ke sAtha mAnasika vRttiyoM ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai| jabaki bhAratIya manovijJAna meM vizeSa adhyayana kA viSaya yaha rahA hai ki mana kI zakti ko kaise saMyamita kiyA jaave| mana; tattva kA manana karatA hai aura citta yA buddhi use grahaNa karatA mana ko jItane kA maMtra hai adhyaatm| adhyAtma se mana kA saundarya khilatA hai| adhyAtma kI zikSA, adhyAtma kI carcA, mana ko urdhvagAmI banAtI hai jabaki bhautikatA se
Page #315
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 27 anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 mana adhogAmI banatA hai| adhyAtma hI jIvana kA parama satya hai, jIvana kI tarja hai evaM devatva/ amaratva kI ora le jAtA hai| jisa manuSya ke jIvana se adhyAtma aura dharma usase dUra ho gayA hai, ve pIr3ita haiM ciMtita haiN| jo adhyAtma aura AtmA ke patha para calate haiM, ve mana ke mAlika banate haiM, mana ko jIta pAte haiM samajho ve mRtyu ko bhI jIta lete haiM, mana ko paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM miTAkara jiyA jA sakatA hai| mana ko miTAne kA artha apane ahaMkAra (Igo) krodhAdi durguNoM ko miTA denA hai| yadi hama apanI jIvana-caryA para AdhyAtmika dRSTikoNa se tathA sUkSmatA se dRSTipAta kareM to hama pAyeMge ki hamArI antazcetanA bahuta hI kSudra koTi kI vastuoM va vyavasthAoM meM ulajhI huI hai| hama yena-kena prakAreNa adhika se adhika dhana ke lie, adhika se adhika jAnakAriyoM ke lie aura adhika se adhika mAna-sammAna ke mAlika hone ke lie prayAsarata hai| dhana, vyakti, vastu, vicAra, Adi ke parigraha kI hamArI koI sImA nahIM hai| hamArI mAMga adhika se adhika kI hai| itanA hI nahIM hamane apane mana ko bahuta sArI anAvazyaka sUcanAoM se, arthahIna ho cukI bhUtakAla kI smRtiyoM se tathA bhaviSya kI asambaddha kalpanAoM se bhI bhara liyA hai| zarIra va mana stara para AghaTita hue isa jaTila parigraha kI ApA-dhApI meM svaviSayaka prazna- maiM kauna hU~? tathA apane janma viSayaka-kyoM? kaise? kahA~ se? Adi prazna hamAre mana meM uThate hI nahIM hai aura yadi uThate haiM to unameM koI gaMbhIratA ho bhI to isa taraha kI AkAMkSAoM se bhare mana ke dvArA ina praznoM ke uttaroM ko nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra zarIra va mana ke stara para AghaTita huI yaha parigraha kI avasthA, svabodha aura janma viSayaka kathantA ke bodha meM bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai| jaba sAdhaka bhalIbhA~ti vicAra karake zarIra va mana ke stara para paidA huI parigraha kI mRga-marIcikA se apane Apa ko mukta kara letA hai to prAyaH svataH hI use janma viSayaka kathantA kA bodha hone lagatA hai| mAnava jIvana hamAre lie sabase bar3I saugAta hai| manuSya kA janma dhyAna, tapa, sAdhanA, karake bhagavAna sama banane ke lie huA hai| yaha jIvana jyotirmaya behada kImatI hai| jIvana ko choTe-choTe uddezyoM ke lie jInA jIvana kA apamAna hai| apanI mana va dhyAna kI samasta zaktiyoM ko tuccha kAmoM meM vyartha karanA, vyasanoM evaM vAsanAoM meM jIvana kA bahumUlya samaya barbAda karanA jIvana kA tiraskAra hai| jIvana ananta hai, hamArI zaktiyA~ bhI ananta haiM aura hamArI pratibhAe~ bhI virATa haiM, lekina hama apanI zArIrika, mAnasika, va AdhyAtmika zaktiyoM kA lagabhaga 5 pratizata hI upayoga kara pAte haiN| hamArI adhikAMza zaktiyA~ supta hI raha jAtI haiN| yadi hama apanI AMtarika kSamatAoM se mana, dhyAna, sAdhanA, yoga aura tapa kA pUrA upayoga kareM to hama puruSa se mahApuruSa, yugapuruSa, mAnava se mahAmAnava bana sakate haiN| hamArI mAnavIya cetanA se vaizvika cetanA avatarita hone lagatI hai, bhagavAna sama Alaukika zaktiyA~, siddhiyA~ hamArI AtmA ke bhItara sannihita haiN| isa pRthvI para merA janma Atma kalyANa kara bhagavAna sama banane ke lie huA hai| -sahArA Aphisa ke sAmane, vArDa naM.15, taha. pathariyA jilA damoha (ma.pra.)
Page #316
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti -prAcArya paM. nihAlacanda jaina 1. ahiMsA kI pRSThabhUmi - ahiMsA manuSya kI pahalI pahacAna hai| manuSya kI maulikatA aura svabhAva kA jIvana sUtra hai- ahiNsaa| hiMsA- manuSya kI nirmiti hai| jitanI kama hiMsA ho, utanA hI jIvana zreSThatara hogaa| Less Killing is better living manuSya jo cAhe ho sakatA hai, hiMsaka bhI bana sakatA hai aura ahiMsaka bhii| yaha svataMtratA pazu meM nahIM hai| vaha jo ho sakatA hai vahI hai| parantu manuSya kI vartamAna kI vAstavikatA, bhaviSya meM usase kahIM zreSTha hone kI sambhAvanA se jur3I hai| ahiMsA pauruSeya AcaraNa hai| hiMsA bhale hI aparihArya ho, parantu yaha jIvana kA nIti nirdezaka tatva nahIM bana sktaa| ahiMsA samasta naitikatAoM evaM dharmoM kA mUla hai| ahiMsA- paMtha vizeSa kA na to darzana hai aura na hI kisI sampradAya kA dhArmika nArA hai| yaha to prANI ke mUla astitva se jur3I eka svAbhAvika jIvana zailI hai| ahiMsA ko jaba hama sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika jIvana phalaka kI dRSTi se vicArate haiM to yaha aneka guNoM kI samaSTi hai| zAMti, prema, karuNA, dayA, kalyANa, abhaya, rakSA aura apramAda Adi ahiMsA ke paryAyavAcI haiN| AtmIyatA, tyAga, samatA aura karuNA ahiMsA ke AdhAra haiN| vastutaH ye sabhI guNa manuSya ke udAtta jIvana mUlyoM kI dharohara haiN| jo bhI mAnava ke lie Adarza nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM ve sabhI ekamAtra ahiMsA ko apanAne para prApta kiye jA sakate haiN| ahiMsA eka samagracintana hai, eka sampUrNa jIvana darzana hai| vizva samanvaya anekAnta-patha, sarvodaya kA pratipala gaan| maitrI karuNA saba jIvoM para, dharma ahiMsA jyoti mhaan|| 2. ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA amerikA kA vizva vyApAra kendra aura surakSA kendra (peMTAgana) AtaMkavAdI hiMsA kI bali car3ha jAne ke bAda vizva ke tamAma rASTroM ne ahiMsA kI anivAryatA mahasUsa kI ataeva amana-caina aura zAnti ke lie saMyukta rASTra saMgha dvArA mahAtmA gAMdhIjI ke janmadina 2 akTUbara 2007 ko vizva bhara meM 'ahiMsA divasa' manAe jAne kI ghoSaNA kI gii| bhAratIya saMskRti evaM jainadharma meM paMca mahAvratoM meM prathama evaM sarvocca sthAna ahiMsA ko diyA gyaa| ahiMsA na kevala vaiyaktika jIvana sAdhanA ke rUpa meM balki vaizvika nava samAja racanA ke lie isakI anivAryatA svIkAra kI jAne lgii| lokataMtra meM ahiMsA ke bala para hI kamajora varga ko vaisI hI surakSA va bharaNa-poSaNa sulabha ho sakatA hai, jaisA sabala logoM ko| phrAnsa kI rAjya krAnti aura rUsa meM sAmyavAda ke lie hiMsA kA tANDava huA aura vina
Page #317
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 . pariNAma meM tAnAzAhI zAsana sthApita huaa| jisase na kevala hiMsA kI vyarthatA siddha huI apitu vizva meM lokataMtra ke prati rUjhAna bar3hA, kyoMki lokataMtra meM lokahita, lokazakti aura lokasattA nihita hai, jo ahiMsA ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai| sarvodaya kA siddhAnta bhI ahiMsA kI buniyAda para khar3A hai| 3. jainAcArya amRtacandra aura ahiMsA kI avadhAraNA 1. hiMsA aura ahiMsA ke vizleSaNa meM amRtacandrAcArya aise prathama AcArya haiM, jinhoMne isakI vistRta vyAkhyA puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM kI, jahA~ unake cintana meM manovijJAna evaM adhyAtma kA sahaja samavAya hai| jaina dharma meM pA~ca pApa mAne gaye haiM- hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura prigrh| lekina unakA mAnanA hai ki yathArtha meM koI pApa hai to hiMsA hI hai| usa hiMsA se bacane ke lie hI Agama meM zeSa cAra pApoM kI carcA kI hai| kisI ke dravya kA haraNa karanA yA cAhe hisI hetu se corI kI ho, vaha hiMsA hai| satya va priya vANI yadi vINA kI bhAMti sukhakara lagatI hai jo asatya/jhUTha vacana vANa kI bhAMti duHkhadAyI hone se hiMsA hI hai| ekabAra ke abrahma sevana meM navakoTi jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai| isI prakAra bhale hI puNya se vibhUti va sukhasamRddhi kA yoga hotA hai, parantu parigrahI pApArjana hI karatA hai, kyoMki vaha zoSaNa aura anAcAra kA poSaka hone se hiMsA kI zreNI meM AtA hai| 2. amRtacandrAcArya ne kaSAya bhAva se parimita hue, mana vANI aura kAya ke yoga se dravya (bhautika rUpa se) evaM bhAva donoM prakAra se jIva ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA hiMsA kahI hai| unhoMne rAga bhAva ko hiMsA aura usake abhAva ko ahiMsA ke dAyare meM rakhakara kahA yatkhalu kaSAyayogAtprANAnAM drvybhaavruupaannaam| vyaparopaNasya karaNaM sunizcitA bhavati sA hiMsA // 43 // tathA aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti| teSAmevotpattirhiseti jinAgamasya sNkssepH||44|| 3. amRtacandrAcArya ne ahiMsA ko jIvana kA parama rasAyana nirUpita kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki indriyoM ke viSayoM kA nyAyapUrvaka sevana karane vAle zrAvakoM ko alpa va aparihArya ekendriya ghAta ke alAvA zeSa sthAvara jIvoM ko mArane kA bhI tyAga karane yogya hai, kyoMki ahiMsArUpI rasAyana mokSa kA kAraNabhUta parama rasAyana hai| 4. hiMsA ke vividha samIkaraNa AcArya amRtacandra kI dRSTi meM___1. svAmI amRtAcandrAcArya jIva kI svapariNati se hiMsA va ahiMsA kA vidhAna nizcita karate haiN| eka jIva hiMsA nahIM karake bhI hiMsA ke phala kA pAtra hotA hai, jabaki dUsarA hiMsA karake bhI hiMsA ke phala kA pAtra nahIM hotaa| udAharaNArtha- do bhAIyoM meM eka sabala hai aura dUsarA kmjor| kamajora bhAI baiThA-baiThA aise khoTe bhAva karatA rahatA hai ki maiM ise kisI kImata para nahIM chodduuNgaa| usane apane hAthoM se sabala bhAI kI hiMsA nahIM kI, parantu
Page #318
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 30 jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti kaluSita bhAvoM ke kAraNa vaha hiMsA ke pApa kA bhAgI hotA hai| IryApatha se vivekapUrNa mArga meM jAte hue eka vyakti ke paira tale acAnaka eka choTe jIva kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai, phira bhI vaha hiMsA pApa kA baMdha nahIM karatA, kyoMki usake vadha karane ke pariNAma nahIM the| 2. pariNAmoM kI tIvratA yA maMdatA ke kAraNa hiMsA kA phala bhoganA AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM, eka jIva tIvra pariNAmoM meM yadi thor3I hiMsA bhI karatA hai to udayakAla meM use bahuta phala bhoganA par3atA hai, jabaki dUsarA bar3I hiMsA karake bhI thor3A phala pAtA hai| DaoNkTara dvArA zalya kriyA karate, rogI mara jAtA hai, parantu jIvana surakSA ke lie zalya kriyA karate hue DaoNkTara ko alpadoSa hI lagatA hai| DrAyavara dvArA apratyAzita rUpa se durghaTanA ke kAraNa bahuta logoM kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai phira bhI use alpa hiMsA kA doSa lagatA hai| 3. kaSAya bhAvoM ke anusAra hiMsA kA phala koI hiMsA pahale hI phala detI hai, koI karate karate phalatI hai aura koI hiMsA kara cukane para phalatI hai| hiMsA karane kA AraMbha karake, na karane para bhI phala detI hai| AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM ki kaSAya bhAvoM ke anusAra hI hiMsA kA phala prApta hotA hai|' 4. kare eka bhoge aneka, kare aneka bhoge eka krUratA pUrvaka pazu-pakSiyoM ke khela pradarzana karane vAlA eka vyakti hotA hai, parantu hajAroM darzakoM ko hiMsA pApa kA bhAgI honA par3atA hai| isI prakAra do dezoM ke bIca yuddha meM, donoM ora ke aneka sainika hatAhata hone para unheM hiMsA kA phala nahIM bhoganA pdd'taa| ve vetanabhogI hote haiM aura yuddha karavAne vAle ke Adeza para zastra saMcAlita karate haiN| ataH yuddha karavAne vAlA pramukha rAjA yA senAdhikArI ko usakA phala bhoganA par3atA hai|' 5. samantabhadrAcArya aura ahiMsA ___ AcArya samantabhadra kA mAnanA hai ki ahiMsA kevala darzana mAtra nahIM hai| yaha AcAragata aisA vaiziSTaya hai, jo turanta dikhAI de jAtA hai| vAstava meM samantabhadrasvAmI ne jo pahacAna va paiTha banAI vaha unakI amarakRti 'ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra' ke rUpa meM vizruta hai| yaha zrAvakoM kI AcAra saMhitA hai| samantabhadrasvAmI ne zrAvakoM ke lie ahiMsANuvrata ko dhAraNa karane kI bAta khii| AcArya zrI kahate haiM ki mana, vacana aura kAya ke yoga se saMkalpa pUrvaka trasa jIvoM kA arthAt dviindriya se paMcendriya jIvoM kA vadha na khuda karanA, na kisI se karAnA aura na vadha kA anumodana karanA, sthUla hiMsA se virata honA hai| yahI ahiMsANuvrata hai| isake kramazaH pA~ca aticAra (vikSepa/vyatikrama) hai| kisI manuSya yA pazu-pakSI ko chedanA, bAMdhanA, pIr3A denA, kSamatA se adhika bhAra lAdanA aura AhAra dene meM kamI rakhanA, ye hiMsA ke hI rUpAntaraNa haiN| isI prakAra zeSa cAra aNuvratoM kA dhArI zrAvaka, avadhijJAna, aNimA Adi ATha RddhiyoM kA dhArI hokara divya zarIra ke sAtha suraloka ko prApta karatA hai| sarvaprathama sarvodayatIrtha (ahiMsA) kI udghoSaNA karane vAle mahAna mAnavatAvAdI dArzanika kavi samantabhadrasvAmI the, jinakA nAma nirgrantha AcArya kundakunda aura umAsvAmI ke samakakSa pramukha AcAryoM meM liyA jAtA hai|
Page #319
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 6. AcArya umAsvAmI aura ahiMsA vivecana jaina tattva cintana ko sUtroM meM prastuta karane kA kArya umAsvAmI deva ne sarvaprathama kiyaa| IsA kI dUsarI sadI ke AcArya umAsvAmI kA tattvArthasUtra itanA svAMgINa hai ki paravartI AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne isakI TIkA rUpa sarvArthasiddhi grantha aura bhaTTaakalaMkadeva ne tattvArthavArtika jaise mahAna granthoM kA praNayana kiyA parantu kisI, naye sUtra ko apanI ora se nahIM likhaa| AcArya umAsvAmI ne hiMsA ko kitane vyApaka dRSTikoNa se liyaa| ve kahate haiM pramattayogAtprANa vyaparopaNaM hiNsaa|| arthAt pramAda se sahita vyakti ke yoga arthAt mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyA dvArA prANoM kA viyoga karane se prANI kI hiMsA hotI hai| prANa AtmA se sarvathA bhinna nahIM hai| prANa viyoga hone para AtmA ko hI duHkha hotA hai| ata: vaha hiMsA va adharma hai| yahA~ vizeSa dhyAtavya yaha hai ki eka ke bhI abhAva meM hiMsA nahIM hotii| ukta sUtra se eka zaMkA uThAyI jA sakatI hai ki kevala pramattayoga se hiMsA kaise saMbhava hai jabaki prANavyaparopaNa na ho? samAdhAna- 'pramAdavAna, pramattayoga se svayaM ke jJAnadarzanAdi bhAva prANoM kA viyoga (ghAta) karane se apanI hiMsA karatA hai phira bhale hI dUsare prANI kA vadha ho yA na ho| isa saMdarbha meM amRtAcandrAcArya kahate haiM ki kaSAya sahita pariNAma hone se, vaha pahale apane Apako ghAtatA hai phira pIche cAhe anya jIva kI hiMsA ho athavA na ho| hiMsA rUpa pariNamana hone se pramAda ke kAraNa nirantara prANaghAta kA sadbhAva banA rahatA hai| dUsarA prasaMga yaha hai ki jala, thala evaM AkAza meM sthUla va sUkSma donoM prakAra ke jIva haiN| apramatta sAdhu dvArA unake prANa viyoga hone para vaha ahiMsaka banA rahatA hai, kyoMki sUkSma jIva na to kisI se rukate haiM na kisI ko rokate haiM ataH unakI to hiMsA hotI nahIM hai, parantu jo sthUla jIva haiM unakI vaha yathAzakti rakSA karatA hai, taba bhalA prayatnapUrvaka rokane vAle saMyata ke hiMsA kaise ho sakatI hai? isa prakAra jainadarzana meM jainAcAryoM dvArA hiMsA va ahiMsA kI itanI sUkSma vyAkhyA kI gaI, jo anyatra durlabha hai| 7. ahiMsA se sambandhita bhAvanAe~ ___ahiMsA vrata kA nirdoSa pAlana karane ke lie AcArya umAsvAmI ne ye cAra bhAvanAe~ nirUpita kI haiM 'maitrIpramodakAruNyamAdhyasthyAni ca satvaguNAdhika klizyamAnAvineyeSu 12 arthAt prANImAtra meM maitrI (maitrI bhAva meM abhaya evaM kSamA bhAva nihita rahatA hai) guNIjanoM meM pramoda yA harSa bhAva, dukhI jIvoM ke prati karuNA tathA viruddha citta yA svabhAva vAle durjana vyaktiyoM meM mAdhyastha bhAva (udAsIna vRtti) rakhanA caahie| AcArya amitagati ne apane sAmAyika pATha meM ahiMsA kI ina bhAvanAoM ko isa prakAra uddhRta kiyA hai
Page #320
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti sattveSu maitrI: guNiSu prmod| kliSTeSu jIveSu kRpA prtvm|| mAdhyastha bhAvaM viparIta vRttoH| sadA mamAtmA vidadhAtu dev|| (sAmAyika pATha) 8. adhyAtma ke zikhara puruSa AcArya kundakunda kI dRSTi meM hiMsA DaoN. jayakumAra 'jalaja' ne aSTapAhuDa ke hindI anuvAda kI prastAvanA meM eka bodhapUrNa vAkya likhA hai ki 'jaina paramparA meM ve kundakunda aura umAsvAmI hI haiM jo AkhirI adAlata haiN|' samayasAra kundakunda svAmI kI vaha abhivyakti hai, jisameM vaha apane AtmAnubhava ko atala gaharAI se abhivyakta karate haiN| unhoMne ahiMsA ko eka maulika andAja yA pariprekSya meM vyAkhyApita kiyA hai| kundakundAcArya apanI amara kRti 'pravacana sAra' meM kahate haiM maradu va jiyadu va jIvo, ayadAcArassa NicchidA hiNsaa| payadassa Natthi baMdho, hiMsAmetteNa smidss||217|| jIva mare yA na mare, parantu ayatnAcArI niyamataH hiMsaka hai| isake viparIta yadi yatnAcArI vyakti sAvadhAnIpUrvaka caryA yA vartana kara rahA hai, aura anajAna meM jIva kA vighAta ho jAye to bhI vaha ahiMsaka hai| yaha Agama dRSTi hai| rAgAdi ke vazIbhUta hokara pramAda avasthA meM jo bhI pravRtti yA kRtya hotA hai, vaha hiMsA ke dAyare meM AtA hai| udAharaNArtha- eka vyakti vANa chor3atA hai, parantu lakSya para nahIM lagA aura vaha apane puNya se baca gyaa| lekina usa vyakti kI pariNati to mArane kI thii| karmasiddhAnta kahatA hai ki Apa jisa dRSTi se bharakara Aye ho, usI dRSTi se baMdha cuke haiN| Apa hiMsaka hI ho bhale hI Apane usake prANoM kA ghAta kisI yoga se nahIM kara pAyA ho| kAluSya bhAva, ghora hiMsA kA nimitta hotA hai| svayaMbhUramaNa samudra kA mahAmaccha jaba chaH mAha sotA hai, to usakA do sau pacAsa yojana kA mukha khulA rahatA hai| usa samaya aneka jIva usake mukha meM Ate va jAte rahate haiN| usa mahAmaccha ke kAna meM tandula maccha baiThA huA socatA hai ki yadi mujhe itanA bar3A zarIra milatA, to maiM eka ko bhI nahIM chodd'taa| kAna ke mala ko khAne vAlA vaha tandulamaccha aise kaluSita bhAva karake bhAva hiMsA se itanA pApa baMdha kara letA hai ki marakara sAtaveM naraka jAtA hai| isa prakAra kaSAya yoga se yAnI kAluSya bhAvoM se jo prANoM kA vyaparopaNa cala rahA hai usase nirantara hiMsA ho rahI hai| AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke isI abhiprAya ko amRtacandrAcArya puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM nimnAMkita gAthA meM spaSTa karate haiM vyutthAnAvasthAyAM rAgAdinAM vshprvRttaayaam| mriyatAM jIvo mA vA dhAvatyagre dhruvaM hiNsaa||46|| rAgAdika bhAvoM ke vaza meM pravRtta huI ayatnAcAra rUpa pramAda avasthA meM, jIva mare athavA na mare, parantu hiMsA to nizcaya se hotI hI hai| jainAcArya vizuddhasAgara mahArAja- puruSArtha dezanA meM ise adhyAtmadezanA ke rUpa meM
Page #321
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 33 samajhAte haiM- he manISI ! lagatA aisA hai ki maiMne dUsare kA ghAta kiyA, parantu dUsare kI to paryAya kA ghAta hotA hai lekina pariNAmoM kA ghAta terA hI hotA hai' paryAya jitanI mahattvazAlI hai, pariNati usase kaI gunI mahattvazAlI hai| paryAya punaH mila jAtI hai, parantu vaisI pariNati pUrI paryAya meM nahIM mila pAtI hai|" 9. AcArya somadeva sUri ne yazastilakacampUgata upAsakAdhyayana meM kahA ki pramAda ke yoga se prANiyoM ke prANoM kA ghAta karanA hiMsA hai aura unakI rakSA karanA ahiMsA hai| AcArya somadeva sUri pramAdI kA viSaya vistAra se batAte haiM ki jo jIva cAra vikathA, cAra kaSAya, pA~ca indriyA~, nidrA aura moha ke vazIbhUta haiM, vaha pramAdI hai| devatA ke lie, atithi va pitaroM ke lie maMtra siddhi va auSadhi ke lie prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| 10. AcArya amitagati, amitagati zrAvakAcAra" meM likhate hue zrAvakoM ko prabodhana dete haiM ki ahiMsA ke binA vaka ke lie vrata niyamAdika sukha ke utpAdaka nahIM hote| jaise pRthvI ke binA parvata nahIM Thahara sakate haiM, usI prakAra AtmaguNoM kI Adha rabhUta ahiMsA ko vinAza karane vAlA puruSa, apanI AtmA ko naraka meM girAtA hai| AcArya amitagati hiMsA ke 108 bheda kahate haiM- samarambha, samArambha aura Arambha rUpa tIna prakAra kI hiMsA mana-vacana-kAya tIna yogoM se kRta, kArita aura anumodanA pUrvaka krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha rUpa kaSAya bhAvoM se nirantara karatA rahatA hai| isakA paraspara guNA karane para hiMsA ke eka sau ATha (3x3x3x4-108) bheda ho jAte haiN| samarambha se tAtparya hai- hiMsA karane kA vicAra karanA (vaicArika hiMsA) samarambha hai- hiMsA kI kriyAnvita ke prayojana se hiMsA ke upakaraNa, sAdhana Adi juTAnA samArambha aura hiMsA ko prayogAtmaka kRtya badalanA Arambha hai| 15 meM 2 jaina gRhastha (zrAvaka) evaM sAdhu kramazaH aNuvrata aura mahAvrata ke rUpa meM ukta 108 prakAra se hone vAlI hiMsA kI sambhAvanAoM se bacatA hai| jaba AcAragata ahiMsA jAti, deza, kAla evaM samaya ke dvArA avicchinna hotA hai to aNuvrata rUpa se hotI hai, parantu jaba ahiMsA jAti, deza, kAlAdi dvArA avicchinna na hokara sadA sarvadA, sarvAvasthA meM pAlana kI jAtI hai to vahI zreSTha va mahAvrata saMjJA ko prApta hotI hai, jisakA pAlana yogIjana karate haiN| gRhasthoM ko mahAvrata sambhava nahIM, parantu ve jAnabUjhakara kisI bhI prANI kI zarIra se hiMsA nahIM krte| bhale hI paristhitijanya hiMsA karavAnI yA anumodanA karanA par3e astu vaha aNuvrata rUpa hotI hai| " ukta pramukha AcAryoM ke anubhava va Agama kathanoM se yaha niSkarSa prApta hotA hai ki hiMsA ko dravya hiMsA va bhAva hiMsA ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| bhautika rUpa se dravya hiMsA bhale hI ghaTita na ho para yadi mana meM, vicAroM meM hisAM kI cinagAriyA~ uTha rahI hoM to vaha bhAva hiMsA kA kartA hai| vaicArika hiMsA se AtaMkavAdI hAthoM meM zastra uThAtA hai aura phira use kRtya meM badalane ke lie dravya hiMsA karatA hai| 26 navambara 2008 ko AtaMkavAdiyoM dvArA mumbaI meM jo krUra hiMsA ko aMjAma diyA gayA thaa| lagAtAra 90 ghaNTe
Page #322
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti una AtaMkavAdiyoM ko pAkistAna meM vAra rUpa meM baiThe mAsTara mAiMDa AtaMkavAdI netAoM se barAbara nirdeza prApta hote rahe ki hara agalA kadama tumheM kaise rakhanA hai, kahAM chipanA hai, kaba Aga lagAnA hai, kaba greneDa pheMkanA Adi aadi| bhArata ke mumbaI mahAnagara meM ghuse AtaMkavAdI krUra aMjAma taba taka dete rahe jaba taka ki ve Dhera nahIM ho gye| isa prakAra mUla jar3a hai vaicArika hiNsaa| yadi ahiMsA ke siddhAnta kA vikAsa kiyA jAnA ho to pahale vyakti kA bhAva rUpAntaraNa kiyA jaave| usake vicAroM meM yaha bAta pallavita kI jAnI cAhie ki samasyA kA samAdhAna hiMsA yA pratihiMsA nahIM hai balki zAnti, samajhAisa, samatA aura prema rUpa ahiMsaka tarIke se sambhava hai| jaise hama bhItara hote haiM, vaisA hI bAhara nirmita karane lagate haiN| yadi bhItara hiMsA ke bhAva maujUda haiM to hiMsA kA parimaNDala yA vartula hamAre AsapAsa maujUda rahegA aura yadi bhItara ahiMsA va karuNA bhAva baiThA ho to vahI hamAre AcaraNa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| 11. AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke sUtradUsare ke astitva ko surakSita rakhanA ahiMsA hai, kyoMki savve jIvANi icchaMti jIviuM na maarijjuN| tamhA pANivahaM ghoraM niggaMthA vajjayaMti nn|| arthAt sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA nahIM caahte| ataH prANI kA vadha karanA ghora pApa hai usakA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga ke sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki savve pANA piyA uyA suhasAyA duha pddikuulaa| piya jIviNo jIviuM kAmA savvesi jIviyaM piyNnaai||18 sukha sabako acchA lagatA hai aura duHkha buraa| vadha sabako apriya hai aura jIvana priya hai| ataH kisI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| isalie AcArya kArtikeya ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM kahA hai ki 'jIvANAM rakkhaNaM dhmmo'| 12. vizvazAnti ke pariprekSya meM ahiMsA aura anekAnta ahiMsA kI carama mAnasika siddhi anekAntavAda hai| anekAnta dRSTi ke tIna AdhAra bindu haiM, jo vizvazAnti meM sahAyaka, parantu sakriya sAdhana haiN| 1. sApekSatA 2. samanvaya, 3. sahaastitva yadi ahiMsA kI vyApaka va vaizvika dharAtala para samIkSA kI jAve to mAnavIya mUlyoM ke pariprekSya meM uparyukta tattva bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiN| sApekSatA- anAgraha/durAgraha aura durabhisaMgha ko dUra karake maitrI bhAva ko prerita karatA hai| AgrahI zAnti kA pakSadhara nahIM ho sktaa| AgrahI ahaMkArI hotA hai| anAgrahI dUsare ke prati sammAnajanaka vyavahAra karatA hai| usakI soca sakArAtmaka hotI hai| vaha saMkucita dRSTi vAlA nahIM hotA hai| vaha sApekSa satya kA grAhI hotA hai| vaha 'hI-kI bhASA meM nahIM balki 'bhI' kI sambhAvanAoM meM jItA hai| ahiMsaka vyakti anAgrAhI hone se vaha sadaiva zAnti kI vakAlata karatA hai|
Page #323
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 35 samanvaya yA sahiSNutA- ahiMsA pauruSeya AcaraNa hai| yaha aisA astra hai jisakA saMcAlana sahiSNu yA vIra vyakti hI kara sakatA hai, kyoMki kamajora va bhayabhIta vyakti kI ahiMsA napuMsaka (straiNa) bana jAtI hai| ahiMsA ke astra ko yoddhA-mahAvIra jaisA sarvavyApI, samanvayazIla vyaktitva hI ho sakatA hai, jo Atma prajJA se sampanna hote haiN| ahiMsA kI lokaprabhutA ko vahI dekha va anubhava kara sakatA hai| sahaastitva va samatA- ahiMsA ke dhvaja para mAnava kalyANa kA saMkalpa maMtra likhA hotA hai, jo sadaiva samatA aura sahaastitva ke kSitija para laharAtA rahatA hai| ahiMsA ke puSpa kA surabhita parAga hai- samatA va shastitv| uparyukta tInoM tattvoM ke sAtha ahiMsA hamAre vyAvahArika jIvana kA mukhya pahalU banatA hai| 13. vizvazAnti ke sandarbha meM ahiMsA va vijJAna binA ahiMsA ke, vijJAna kI tAkata sRjanAtmaka nahIM bana sktii| eka jagaha AcArya vinobA bhAve ne ahiMsA ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa sUtra diyaa| vijJAna+ hiMsA = srvnaash| vijJAna+ ahiMsA = srvody| Aja paraspara do rASTroM ke bIca rAjanaitika paridRzya meM kyA ghaTita ho rahA hai? rASTroM ke bIca Balance of Power yAni zaktisaMyojana kI hor3a cala rahI hai| vastutaH AtaMkavAda-rAjanaitika dhArmika unmAda hai jo rAjanIti aura sattA kI upaja hai| vyakti kA svabhAva krUratA meM jIne yA dUsare kI akAraNa jAna lene kA nahIM hai| sattA ke AlAkamAna dhArmika unmAda kA jahara injekTa karate haiM, jisase mAnavIya sambandhoM kI USmA ThaNDI par3ane lagatI hai| par3osI deza ke dhArmika unmAda kI pIr3A bhArata jhela rahA hai| AtmaghAtI 'mAnava bamba' vijJAna kI rAjanaitika gulAmI hai, jo krUratA kA tANDava racatA hai| jisane zAMti va sauhArda kA vAtAvaraNa samApta kara diyA hai| vijJAna ko ahiMsA va viveka kI A~kha caahie| anyathA vijJAna ke dvArA utpanna ANvika zakti sarvanAza karane ko baiThI hai| Aja vijJAna kA gaThabaMdhana hiMsA ke sAtha hai| AtaMkavAdI mAhaula meM karuNA kA paigAma utanA hI jarUrI hai jitanA jIne ke lie havA aura paanii| karuNA ke isa sUkhate srota para gaharI cintA honA Avazyaka hai| manuSya kI maulikatA ko bacAe rakhanA Aja ke vijJAna aura vaijJAnikoM ke lie cunautI hai| vaijJAnika AinsTIna ne saMhati UrjA kA sUtra E=MC2 anveSita kara isake AdhAra para bane ANvika bamba aura nAgAsAkI va hirozimA para ANvika hathiyAroM se huI vinAza lIlA ne AinsTIna ko eka pachatAvA aura mAnasika glAni se bhara diyA thA aura unhoMne prAyazcita bharI TippaNI dI thI ki hamako aise kAma nahIM karanA cAhie jisase duniyA kA saMhAra ho, azAnti va kSobha kA paryAvaraNa phaile va mAnavatA apaMga bana jaaye| azAnti ke kahara r3hAte haiM Atomic Weapons (misAila) tathA Ballastic Weapons (prakSepAstra) Adi jo siyAsata ke izAre para 2 hajAra kimI dUra taka lakSya ko bhedakara kAma tamAma kara sakate haiN| AdamI ko usa sthAna taka jAne kI jarUrata aba nahIM hai|
Page #324
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 36 jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti seTelAiTa kI dUrabInI A~kha use bakhUbI dekhakara usako apanA TArageTa banA sakatI hai| Aja aNubamoM kI visAta para vizva, bhaya aura azAnti ke zikaMje meM kasatA jA rahA hai| aise samaya meM ahiMsA dRSTi kA vikAsa Avazyaka ho gayA hai| hiMsA kI mAnasika vaicArika duSpravRtti ne vizva ko yuddha ke kagAra para lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai| vizva ke rASTra, AtaMkavAda kI kAlI chAyA se trasta haiN| astrazastra kI hor3Ahor3a tathA apane-apane deza kI surakSA va zAnti ke lie astra-zastroM meM prazikSaNa kempa aura parIkSaNoM meM behisAba dhana lagA rahe haiN| yadi yahI dhana usa deza ke vikAsa kAryoM meM lagane lage, to vizva meM sAmaMjasya aura zAnti kA eka nUtana Aloka najara A sakatA hai| 14. hiMsA banAma azAnti kA kAraNa hiMsA azAnti kA paryAyavAcI hai| hiMsA ke mUla meM eka aura kAraNa hai 'sAdhana zuddhi' kA abhaav| vartamAna upabhoktAvAdI saMskRti ke vistArIkaraNa evaM antarrASTrIya bAjAravAda ne, pUrI na hone vAlI lAlasAoM ko prazraya diyA hai jisase sAmAjika viSamatA bar3hI hai| astu vizvazAnti va ahiMsaka samAja racanA meM sAdhana zuddhi eka mahatvapUrNa AyAma hai| pUrI duniyA zAnti se jInA cAhatI hai kyoMki zAnti ke binA vikAsa nahIM ho sktaa| anAvazyaka saMgrahavRtti evaM vyaktivAda ne mAnava samAja meM vyartha kI jarUratoM kI sUcI lambI kara dI hai| vyaktivAda se saMvedanazIlatA kA grApha bhI niraMtara giratA jA rahA hai| svArthaparatA vyaktivAda ko havA detA hai| ata: ahiMsA kA eka aura mahattvapUrNa sUtra hai upabhoga kA sNymiikrnn| hotA yaha hai ki upabhoga kI sAmagrI ko amIra loga jyAdA baTora lete haiN| parigraha kI isa apratima lAlasA meM zoSaNa aura zoSaka kA pharka bar3hatA jAtA hai aura yaha sthiti azAnti kA mUla kAraNa bana jAtI hai| ataH zAnti kA mUla jainadharma meM adhika saMgraha kA tyAga karake 'parigrahaparimANavrata' aMgIkAra karane ko khaa| yahI vrata aMtahIna icchAoM ko sImita kara samAja meM zoSaNavRtti, avizvAsa, IrSyA-dveSa ko samApta kara sakatA hai| zAnti kI maitrI santoSa dhana se hai jo jitanA tRSNA rahita santoSI hogA vaha nirAkula zAnti kA sahaja varaNa karatA hai| AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ne tRSNAvAna puruSa para eka yathArtha vyaMgya kiyA hai parigraha priyatA ke kAraNa, jIvana kA kAla bItate hue usakI dhanavRddhi ho jAtI hai jo usako priya lagatI hai, parantu isa tRSNA meM vaha yaha bhUla jAtA hai ki kAla bItane se usakI Ayu bhI kSINa ho rahI hai| AyurvRddhikSayotkarSa, hetu kAlasya nirgmm| vAMcchatAM dhaninAmiSTaM, jIvitAtsutarAM dhnm||5||19 ataH zAnti cAhane vAle ko Ayu kA sArthaka upayoga kara apane puruSArtha ko kevala dhanavRddhi ke lie nahIM lagAnA cAhie apitu dharma-vRddhi bhI karanA caahie| 15. upasaMhAra ___ahiMsA parama dharma hai| jIva ke lie ahiMsA se bar3hakara hitakArI mitra aura sukha zAnti dene vAlA dUsarA koI nahIM hai|
Page #325
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 ahiMsA paramodharmaH ahiMsA paramo tpH| ahiMsA paramaM satyaM yato dharmaH prvrtte|| ahiMsA paramo yajJaH ahiMsA paramo phlm| ahiMsA paramaM mitramahiMsA paramaM sukhm||20 mahAbhArata ke zAnti parva meM bar3I mahatvapUrNa bAta kahI gaI hai: ahiMsA dharma saMyuktAH pracareyuH surottamAH sa vo deza: sevitavyo, mA vo dharmaH pdaaspRshyte| arthAt ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana jisa kSetra meM hotA ho, vahIM vyakti ko nivAsa karanA caahie| yadi vizva ke sabhI rASTra zAnti aura sauhArda ko pAnA cAhate haiM, to unheM ahiMsA kI pratiSThA kA mApadaNDa apanAkara paraspara sahayoga aura sahaastitva kI mUladhArA se jur3anA hogaa| vijJAna kI ANvika bhaTTiyA~ zAnti kI jaya yAtrAoM kA maMgalaghoSa kara sakatI haiM yadi vijJAna kA najariyA ahiMsA kI mAnavatAvAdI dRSTi se jur3a jaae| pUrI manuSya jAti ko eka maMca para Akara saMvedanA kA pakSadhara banAnA hogaa| Aja abhinava vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM abhinava ahiMsA kI talAza zurU ho jAnA cAhie tabhI vyakti ke vyaktitva ko eka racanAtmaka dizA mila skegaa| kaba vaha sunaharA bhaviSya dastaka degA jaba jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA kA svarUpa vijJAna kI pothI meM rekhAMkita ho sakegA? usa kala kI pratIkSA meM hama AzAnvita haiN| saMdarbha: 1. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, AcArya amRtacandra, 43, 44 evaM stokaikendriyaghAtAdgRhiNAM sampannayogya vissyaannaam| zeSa sthAvara mAraNa viramaNamayi bhavati krnniiym||78|| amRtatva hetu bhUtaM paramahiMsA rasAyana lbdhaavaa| avalokya bAlizAnAm samanjasamAkulairna bhvitvym| (78) puruSArthasiddhayupAya avidhAyApi hi hiMsA hiMsAphala bhAjanaM bhvtyekH| kRtvApyaparo hiMsA hiMsAphala bhAjanaM na syaat||51|| 3. vhii| ekasyAlpA hiMsA dadAti kAle phlmnlpm| anyasya mahAhiMsA svalpaphalA bhavati pripaake||52|| vhii| prAgeva phalati hiMsA kriyamANA phalati phalativa kRtaapi| Arabhya katumakRtaDpi phalati hiNsaanubhaaven||54|| vhii| eka: karoti hiMsA bhavanti phalabhAginoM bhvH| bahavo vidadhati hiMsA phalabhuga bhvtyek:||5511 kasyApi dizati hiMsA hiMsAphalamekameva phlkaale| anyasya saiva hiMsA dizatyahiMsAphalaM vipulm||56|| saMkalpAt kRtakAritamananAdyogaM trayasya crstvaan| na hinastiM yattadAhuH sthUlavadhA dviramaNaM nipunnaaH||53|| ratnakaraNDa shraavkaacaar|
Page #326
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA evaM vizvazAnti 7. vhii| chedana bandhana pIDanamati mArAropaNaM vytiicaarH| AhAra vAraNIya va sthUla vadhAd vyuparate pNc||54|| 8. vhii| pajacANuvrata nidhayo niratikramaNAH phalanti surlokm| yatrAvadhiraSTaguNAH divyazarIraM ca lbhynteN||63|| 9. tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, sUtra-13, adhyAya-7 arthAt (7/13) 10. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, hiMsAyA aviramaNaM hiMsA pariNamanamapi bhavati hiMsA tasmAtpramattayoge prANa vyaparopaNa nitym||48|| 11. rAjavArtika- bhaTTa akalaMkadeva adhyAya-7 sUtra 13 kI vArtikA-12 12. tattvArthasUtra, 7/11 13. puruSArthadezanA A. vizuddhasAgara dvitIya saMskaraNa, 2008 pRSTha-141 14. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga-1, saM. paM. hIrAlAla zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha solApura, tRtIya AvRtti pRSTha-160 zloka-303 se 305 taka 15. zrAvakAcAra saMgraha, bhAga-1 vahI pRSTha 313 zloka kra. 12, 13 evaM 15,16 16. 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' lekhaka svAmI brahmezAnanda, jaina bhAratI, varSa-56, aMka-5, maI-2008, gaMgAzahara 17. dazavaikAlika-6/11 (bhagavAna mahAvIra smRtigraMtha) prakAzaka-mahAvIra nirvANa samiti u.pra. lakhanaU, saMpAdaka-DaoN. jyoti prasAda jaina, 1975 18. vahI 19. mAnavatA kI dhurI, nIraja jaina, pRSTha 37 evaM 38 tRtIya saMskaraNa-1993 20. mahAbhArata/anuzAsana-parva-5-23 evaM 116-29 21. zAnti parva/340/89 - javAhara vArDa, bInA (ma.pra.) samprati-nidezaka vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-110002 09311250522
Page #327
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 jaina vidyA meM anuzAsana -DaoN. jyotibAbU zAstrI dharatI para prativarSa varSA ke sAtha hI sRjana kA nUtana- krama prArambha hotA hai| eka bAra pRthvI kI pyAsa bujhate hI cAroM ora hariyAlI chA jAtI hai| bAMdha banAkara ekatrita kiyA gayA, aura naharoM ke kUla-kinAroM meM anuzAsita karake bahAyA gayA vaha pAnI registAna ko bhI harA-bharA kara detA hai| parantu jaba kabhI vahI pAnI bADha kA prakopa banakara, ekadama aniyantrita hokara lakSya-vihIna aura dizA vihIna pravAhita hone lagatA hai taba usI jala se pralaya kA dRzya upasthita ho jAtA hai| cAroM ora vinAza hI vinAza dikhAI dene lagatA hai| basa aise hI Aja anuzAsana vihIna zikSA kI sthiti hai| niyantraNa ke abhAva meM kiyA gayA vikAsa pragati samRddhi kA kAraNa na hokara vinAza kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| jIvana ke sAre svapna usameM vilIna ho jAte haiN| anuzAsita zikSA vaha jala kA pravAha hai jo zakti saMpanna hotA hai| parantu usa zakti kA upayoga yadi anuzAsana ke sAtha hogA to vaha sRjana kA kAraNa hogA aura yadi lakSya vihIna hokara aniyaMtrita DhaMga se bahatA hai to vahI vinAza kA kAraNa bhI bana sakatA hai| apane Apa para niyaMtraNa karanA hI sabase bar3A anuzAsana hai- apane Apa para niyaMtraNa kiye binA indriya saMyama nahIM hotA aura indriya saMyama ke binA jIva svayaM kI svAdhInatA mukti ko prApta nahIM kara skte| kahA hai No man is free who is not master of him self. "koI bhI AdamI mukta nahIM hai jo apane ApakA svAmI nahIM hai" arthAta jisane vikAra bhAvoM ko nahIM jItA hai, apane guNa ratnoM kA svAmI nahIM banA hai vaha AtmasaMyama nahIM pAla sktaa| "nija para zAsana hI anuzAsana hai|" Atma saMyama hI anuzAsana kA mUla hai| jaina vidyA ke dvAdaza aMgoM meM AcArAMga kA prathama sthAna hai| isake praNetA prabuddha sAdhaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ne svayaM nijapara zAsana aura indriya saMyama ke dvArA kisI prakAra ke bhautika sukhoM kI kAmanA ke binA jisa caryA ko svIkAra kiyA usI kA nirUpaNa AcArAMga sUtra meM kiyA hai esa vihI aNukkanto, mahaNeNa miimyaa| vahuso apiDanneNaM bhagavayA evaM rIyante-tti bemi||1|| arthAta matimAna pratijJA rahita una mahAna bhagavAna mahAvIra ne anuzAsita saMyama pUrNa AcaraNa kiyA evaM usI ko apane jIvana meM utArane kA anya ko bhI upadeza diyaa| sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, netra, karNa aura mana para niyaMtraNa karanA indriya saMyama hai| pRthvIkAya, jalakAya, agnikAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura trasakAya jIvoM kI rakSA
Page #328
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA meM anuzAsana karanA prANI saMyama hai| ina donoM saMyama meM indriya saMyama mukhya hai kyoMki indriya saMyama prANI saMyama kA kAraNa hai| indriya saMyama hone para hI prANI saMyama hotA hai, binA indriya saMyama ke prANI saMyama nahIM ho sktaa| indriya saMyama kA artha hai pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM mana ko na jAne denA aura prANI saMyama kA artha hai, hiMsAtmaka pravRtti se dUra rhnaa| mana ko niyaMtrita karanA kyoMki sabase adhika hiMsA mana ke dvArA hotI hai| mana meM taraha-taraha ke durvicAra Ate haiN| usake bAda vacanoM se hiMsA hotI hai aura sabase kama hiMsA kAya se hotI hai| indriya kA nirodha karanA hI saMyama hai| "vadasamidikasAyANAM daMDANaM iMdiyANa pNcnnhN| dhAraNa pAlaNaNiggaha-cAya-jao saMjamo bhnniyo|' pAMcoM mahAvratoM kA dhAraNa karanA, pAMca samitiyoM kA pAlana karanA, cAra kaSAyoM kA nigraha karanA, mana vacana kAya rUpa tIna daNDoM kA tyAga karanA aura pAMcoM indriyoM ko jItanA saMyama kahA gayA hai| saMyama kA baMdhana hai svataMtratA ke liye| agara hama saMsAra se mukta honA cAhate haiM to saMyama ke baMdhana meM to baMdhanA hI hogA yaha eka aisA baMdhana hai jo manuSya ko svacchanda se bacAtA hai| AtmA ko zarIra svataMtra karatA kintu Aja hama zarIra se svataMtra nahIM zarIra se svacchanda honA cAhate haiN| zarIra kI svacchandatA du:kha kA kAraNa hai aura zarIra kI svataMtratA parama sukha kA kAraNa hai| mahAvIra ne baMdhanoM kI mukti ke liye saMyama ko dhAraNa kiyA ve mahAna indriyoM ke viSaya se parAr3amukha the| alpabhASI hokara vicaraNa karate the| kabhI zizira Rtu meM chAyA meM dhyAna karate the| grISma Rtu meM tApAbhimukha hokara utkRSTa Asana se baiThate aura AtApanA lete the| julAba, vamana, zarIra para tela mardana karanA, snAna karanA, hAtha-paira Adi dabavAnA aura dAMta sApha karanA Adi kriyAeM zarIra ko azuci jAnakara ve nahIM karate the|' uttarAdhyana sUtra meM anuzAsana ke lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai mere dvArA saMyama aura tapa se AtmA kA damana ho, yahI zreSTha hai| dUsaroM ke dvArA bandhana aura badha se maiM dabAyA jAuM, yaha ThIka nhiiN| logoM ke samakSa athavA akele meM vacana yA karma se kabhI bhI prabuddha logoM ke pratikUla AcaraNa na kreN| AjJA ko na mAnane vAle aura aMTa-saMTa bolane vAle kuzIla ziSya komala svabhAva vAle gurU ko bhI krodhI banA dete haiN| gurU kI icchAnusAra calane vAle aura zIghra paTutA ko prApta karane vAle ziSya duSTa abhiprAya vAle krodhita hone vAle gurU ko bhI prasanna kara lete binA pUche kucha bhI na bole athavA pUchane para asatya na bole| krodha ko asatya viphala kara de tathA priya aura apriya ko samAna rUpa se dhAraNa kre| AtmA kA hI damana (saMyama) karanA caahie| AtmA hI durduma hai| damita AtmA hI ihaloka aura paraloka meM sukhI hotA hai|'
Page #329
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 41 anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 Aja sArA saMsAra indriyoM kA dAsa banA huA hai| bar3e-bar3e balavAna yoddhA aura vicArazIla vidvAna bhI indriya ke gulAma bane hue haiM aura apanA adhikatara samaya indriyoM ko tRpta karane meM lagAyA karate haiN| anuzAsana bahuta jarUrI hai| azva ko lagAma, hAthI ko aMkuza, U~Ta ko nakIla aura sAikila skUTara Adi vAhanoM ke lie breka jarUrI hai| breka hai to surakSA, nahIM to eksiiddentt| lagAma hai to hArsapAvara (azva) niyaMtrita anyathA aniyntrit| aMkuza hai to hAthI rAha para nahIM to unmatta svcchnd| saca hI to kahA hai ki breka hai to kAra nahIM to bekaar| aisI sthiti meM jIvana kI gAr3I kA kyA hogA? indriya saMyama meM paMcendriya ke viSayoM kI virakti kA AcaraNa hai| eka-eka indriya ke vazIbhUta ho eka-eka prANi apane prANa gavAM baiThate haiM to paMcendriya ke vazIbhUta prANiyoM kI kyA sthiti hogI? hAthI sparza ke lobha meM Akara jaMgala meM banI huI kRtrima hathinI kI tarapha daur3atA hai aura usa jagaha bane hue adRzya gaDDhe meM gira jAtA hai| kucha dinoM bAda jaba koI vahAM pahuMcatA hai to vaha bhUkhA pyAsA hAthI nirmada hokara dIna hIna sthiti meM dekhatA hai| aisI sthiti meM hAthI pakaDane vAlA thor3A thor3A pAnI, thor3I-thor3I ghAsa pattI detA hai| hAthI use hitaiSI/ rakSaka samajhane lagatA hai aura phira eka dina vaha balazAlI hAthI ke eka choTe se aMkuza ke izAre para calane lagatA hai| machalI mArane vAle, machalI pakar3ane ke kAMTe meM ATA lagAkara pAnI meM DAlate haiN| machalI ATA khAtI hai jisase usakA kaNTha usa nukIle kAMTe se chida jAtA hai aura vaha prANa gavAM baiThatI hai| pataMgA sunaharI jyoti meM Asakta hokara dIpaka kI lau para apane prANa gavAM baiThatA hai| gaMdha lolupI bhramara gaMdha pAna meM itanA Asakta ho jAtA hai ki vaha bhUla hI jAtA hai ki phUla kI paMkhurI baMda hone vAlI hai| dina DhalatA hai, phUla murajhAtA hai aura bhramara usI meM baMda ho jAtA hai| yadyapi usameM chedane kI kSamatA hai| vaha kaThora se kaThora lakar3I meM bhI cheda kara detA hai kintu isa pralobhana meM ki yadi Aja kaliyAM chida jAyeMgI, TUTa jAyeMgI to kala mujhe yaha gaMdha/parAga kahAM se milegA? aura isI Asakta bhAvanA se vaha vahIM baiThA rahatA hai, sAMsa rUMdhatI hai aura bhramara prANa gavAM baiThatA hai| mohaka svaroM meM Asakta hiraNa ThiThaka jAtA hai, kIlita ho jAtA hai| vaha isa taraha bebhAna ho jAtA hai ki ghAta lagAye baiThe zikArI kI tarapha dhyAna hI nahIM jA pAtA aura vaha prANI apane prANoM ko gavAM baiThate haiN| sarpa ke bAre meM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha bAMsurI ke svaroM meM itanA magna ho jAtA hai kisaba kucha bhUla jAtA hai, sapere use pakaDakara usakA dAMta toDa dete haiM phira kAla mAnA jAne vAlA sarpa bhI eka piTAre meM baMda ho jAtA hai| mana to sabhI indriyoM kA rAjA hai| isI ke ArDara se sArI indriyAM kAma karatI haiN| indriyAM to pravRtta hotI haiM kintu ina saba kA zAsaka samrATa to mana hai aura yahI mana indriyoM dvArA gRhIta viSayoM kA vAstavika rasa letA hai| mana kI pUrti ke liye hI indriyAM viSayarata rahatI haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne samitiyoM meM pravRtti karane vAle muni ko unakA paripAlana karane ke liye jo prANiyoM kA aura indriyoM kA parihAra hotA hai vaha saMyama hai| samitiSu vartamAnasya praanniindriyprihaarssNymH| anuzAsana aura indriya saMyama meM samyaka AcAra kI bhUmikA
Page #330
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina vidyA meM anuzAsana jaina darzana kI AcAra saMbandhI vizeSatAe~ anya bhAratIya darzanoM se mahattvapUrNa haiM jainAcAra kI mUlabhitti ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA kA jitanA sUkSma vivecana isa darzana meM kiyA gayA hai vaisA anyatra dekhane ko nahIM miltaa| ahiMsA ke mUla se amRSavAda, asteya, amaithuna aura aparigraha ke Adarza upasthita hote haiN| yathA zakti jIvana ko svAvalambI, samyak, puruSArthI banAkara, sAdA sarala, saMyamI, sacAritravAna banAnA jainAcAra hai| cittazuddhi yA mukti ke lie ahiMsA kI sAdhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| mAnasika, vAcanika aura kAyika ahiMsA kI pUrNa sAdhanA vastu svarUpa ke yathArtha jJAna ke binA saMbhava nahIM isake lie jainAcAra ko samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| AcAra ke antargata saMyama, tyAga, tapazcaraNa aura dhyAna kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| ni:saMdeha jaina darzana kA vikAsa tatva jJAna kI bhUmi para na hokara AcAra kI bhUmi para huA hai| jIvanazodha kI vyaktigata mukti-prakriyA evaM samAja aura vizva meM zAnti sthApana kI paddhati ahiMsA para hI avalambti hai| jaina darzana kA vistAra, jIvanazodhana aura caritra vRddhi ke lie huA hai| usa jJAna yA vicAra kA koI vizeSa mUlya nahIM, jo jIvana meM utArA na jA ske| jisake prakAza se jIvana Alokita na ho ske| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana meM jJAna kI apekSA cAritra ko aMtima mahattva diyA gayA hai| tapa aura sAdhanA ke dvArA vItarAgatA prApta kI jAtI hai aura usI parama vItarAgatA, samatA yA ahiMsA kI divyajyoti ko vizva meM prasArita karane ke hetu tattvoM ko sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai| isa darzana meM vicAra sAdhya nahIM, cAritra sAdhya hai| jainAcAra kA pramukha uddezya jIva ke anAdikAlIna mithyA rAgadveSa kAma krodhAdi ke saMskAroM ko naSTa kara AtmA kI zuddha avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| hamArA jIvana eka zaktizAlI pravAha kI bhAMti hI to hai| mana vANI aura indriyAM hamArI pramukha zaktiyA~ haiN| jisa prakAra manuSya apane viveka se jala, vidyuta, vAyu Adi prAkRtika zaktiyoM ko niyaMtrita karake usakA upayoga jIvana ke vikAsa ke sAtha deza evaM samAja kI unnati ke lie karatA hai| mana, vacana aura indriyAM jahAM bhI anuzAsana-baddha pravartana karatI haiM, vahAM apane Apa sukha, samRddhi aura zAnti kI triveNI pravAhita hone lagatI saMdarbha: 1. 2. 3. 4. AcArAMga sUtra- (upadhAna sUtra) prathama udadezaka gAthA-23, prAkRta kAvya saurabha saMpAdakaDaoN. premasumana jaina, prakAzaka- zrI tAraka gurU graMthAlaya udayapura AcArya amitagati paMcasaMgraha-gAthA-107, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI-1957 AcArAMga sUtra- vahI caturtha udadezaka- gAthA-55,56 uttarAdhyana sUtra- (vinaya sUtra) gAthA-13,17 prAkRta kAvya saurabha saMpAdaka-DaoN. premasumana jaina, prakAzaka-zrI tAraka gurU graMthAlaya, udypur| AcArya pUjyapAda sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya- 9/16, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI saM. 2005 5. - 21 mahAvIra bhavana, sarvaRtu vilAsa, udayapura (rAja)
Page #331
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 maurya samrATa candragupta -DaoN. ramezacanda jaina candragupta kA kula candragupta ke pUrvajoM ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| hindU graMthoM meM candragupta ko magadha ke nandavaMza se sambandhita batalAyA gayA hai| mudrArAkSasa meM unheM na kevala mauryaputra varan nandAnvaya bhI likhA hai| kSemendra tathA somadeva ne use pUrvananda suta kahA hai| mudrArAkSasa ke Alocaka DhuNDirAja ne likhA hai ki vaha maurya (nanda rAjA sarvArthIsiddhi tathA vRSaka (zUdra) kI kanyA murA kA putra thaa| madhyakAlIna zilAlekhoM ke anusAra mauryavaMza sUryavaMziyoM se sambandhita thaa| sUryavaMza ke eka rAjakumArara mAndhAtR se mauryavaMza kA udbhava huA thaa| jaina graMtha pariziSTa parvan meM kahA gayA hai ki candragupta mayUrapoSakoM ke gAMva ke mukhiyA kI putrI se utpanna huA thaa| mahAvaMza ke anusAra candragupta usa kSatriya vaMza kA thA, jo bAda meM maurya kahalAne lgaa|' divyAvadAna meM candragupta tathA/ divyAvadAna meM candragupta ke putra bindusAra ne apane ko kSatriya mUrdhAbhiSikta ghoSita kiyA hai| usI graMtha meM bindusAra ke putra azoka ne apane ko kSatriya kahA hai| mahAparinibbAna sutta meM mauryoM kA vippalivana kA zAsaka aura kSatriyavaMza mAnA hai| ina saba pramANoM se yaha nizcita hai ki candragupta kSatriya vaMza kA thaa| tAtkAlika paristhitiyA~ eNDrokoTTasa (candragupta) ne sikandara se mulAkAta kI thii| usa samaya vaha kizora hI thaa| candragupta kahA karatA thA ki sikandara bar3I AsAnI se samUce bhAratavarSa para kabjA kara sakatA thA; kyoMki yahA~ ke rAjA se usakI prajA usake durguNoM ke kAraNa ghRNA karatI thii| anumAnataH candragupta ne magadha ke atyAcAra bhare zAsana ko samApta karane ke lie bheMTa kI hogii| kintu candragupta ko sikandara augrasainya (aMtima nanda samrATa) jaisA hI sakhta zAsaka lagA; kyoMki usane bhArata ke isa kizora senAnI kA vadha kie jAne kI AjJA meM dera nahIM lgaaii| bAda meM candragupta ne bhArata ko yUnAna tathA bhArata ke atyAcAriyoM (sikandara tathA augrasainya) se mukta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| candragupta ne takSazilA ke eka brAhmaNa kauTilya kI sahAyatA se nandavaMza ke badanAma rAjA ko gaddI se utAra diyaa| milindapajha meM likhA hai ki usa samaya nanda kI senA kA nAyaka bhaddasAla (bhadrazAla) thaa|' candragupta kA zAsana hemacandra kRta pariziSTa parvan se jJAta hotA hai ki candragupta mahAvIra bhagavAn kI kaivalya prApti ke 155 varSa bAda siMhAsanArUr3ha huaa| nandoM aura maisiDoninayanoM ko harAkara
Page #332
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 44 maurya samrAT candragupta candragupta eka vistRta pradeza kA svAmI bana gayA thA, jo pUrva meM magadha aura baMgAla se pazcima meM eriyAnA ke pUrvI kSatraya pradeza taka phailA huA thaa| pATaliputra aura prasiAI ke rAjA kA prabhutva gaMgA ke sabhI pradezoM taka hI nahIM, balki siMdha ke kinAre ke pradezoM para bhI thA, jina para kabhI IrAna kA rAjA aura sikandara zAsana kara cuke the| pazcima ke mahattvapUrNa prAnta saurASTra aura kAThiyAvAr3a kI vijaya aura use adhIna kara lene ke sambandha meM rudradAmana ke jUnAgar3ha zilAlekha kA pramANa avazya hai, jisameM candragupta ke rASTrIya puSyagupta vaizya dvArA sudarzana jhIla ke nirmANa kA ullekha AyA hai| isa pradeza ke magadha sAmrAjya meM sammilita hone se avanti yA mAlavA para maurya adhikAra avazya prakaTa hai| jaina lekhakoM ne avanti ke pAlaka uttarA pAlaka uttarAdhikAriyoM meM mUriyoM athavA mauryoM kI gaNanA kI hai| candragupta ke pote azoka ke samaya meM maurya sAmrAjya kI sImAyeM uttara maisUra taka pahuMca gaI thiiN| azoka ne mAtra eka pradeza kaliMga para vijaya kA dAvA kiyA hai| ataH tuMgabhadrA ke pAra sAmrAjya ke vistAra zreya usake pitA bindusAra yA pitAmaha candragupta ko rahA hogaa| katipaya madhyakAlIna abhilekhoM meM maisUra ke katipaya bhAgoM ke candragupta dvArA rakSita hone kA ullekha AyA hai| IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke aneka tamila lekhaka 'moriyAra' dvArA himAcchAdita gaganacuMbI pahAr3a ke laoNghane ke nirdeza karate haiN| I.pU. tIsarI zatAbdI meM citaladruga jilA dakSiNa meM maurya sAmrAjya kA sImAMta thaa| candragupta ne deza ko videzI dAsatA se mukti dilAI thii| vaha eka aise sAmrAjya kA nirmAtA thA, jisameM sArA bhArata to nahIM, kintu usakA adhikAMza bhAga A gayA thaa| bhadrazAla aura selyUkasa ke vijetA candragupta kI senA meM 6 lAkha paidala, 30 hajAra ghur3asavAra aura 8 yA 9 hajAra hAthI the| jaise hI sthiti sAmAnya ho gaI, vaha zAnti kA pujArI bana gyaa|" sikandara ke AkramaNa ke bAda usake senAniyoM me yunAnI sAmrAjya kI sattA ke lie saMgharSa huA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa selyUkasa pazcimI eziyA meM prabhutva ke mAmale meM enTigonasa kA pratidvaMdI ho gyaa| I.pU. 312 meM usane bebIlona para apanA adhikAra sthApita kiyaa| isake bAda IrAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko jItakara usane vaikTriyA para adhikAra kara liyaa| apane pUrvI abhiyAna ke daurAna vaha bhArata kI ora bddh'aa| IsvI pUrva 305-4 meM kAbula ke mArga se hote hue vaha sindhu nadI kI ora bddh'aa| usane sindhunadI pAra kI aura candragupta kI senAoM se usakA sAmanA huaa| kintu isa samaya rAjanaitika paristhiti bhinna thii| paMjAba aura sindha paraspara yuddha karane vAle rASTroM meM vibhakta nahIM the, balki eka sAmrAjya ke aMga the| selyUkasa ne candragupta se yuddha cher3A, kintu anta meM unameM saMdhi ho gayI aura vaivAhika saMbandha sthApita ho gyaa| sailyUkasa ne candragupta ko cAra prAMta eriyana, arAkosiyA, jeDrosiyA aura perIpemisadAI (arthAt kAbula, kaMdhAra, makarAna aura hairAta pradeza daheja meM die| plUTArka ke anusAra candragupta ne selyUkasa ko 500 hAthI upahAra meM die| sambhavataH isa saMdhi ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI hindukuza maurya sAmrAjya aura selyUkasa ke bIca rAjya kI sImA bana gayA, jisake lie aMgreja tarasate rahe aura jise mugala samrATa bhI pUrI taraha prApta karane meM asamartha rhe| vaivAhika sambandha se maurya samrAToM aura selyUkasa rAjAoM ke bIca
Page #333
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 maitrIpUrNa sambandha kA sUtrapAta huaa| selyUkasa ne apane rAjadUta megasthanIja ko candragupta ke darabAra meM bhejaa| ye maitrI sambandha donoM ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke bIca bhI bane rhe| candragupta kI zAsana vyavasthA sudRr3ha thii| usane nandakAlIna zAsana vyavasthA kA vikAsa kiyaa| usa samaya kI zAsana vyavasthA ke viSaya meM kauTilya ne apane arthazAstra meM prakAza DAlA hai| usakI rAjya vyavasthA para yUnAnI prabhAva bhI thaa| megasthanIja ne usake kAryakalApoM kA vivaraNa apanI pustaka 'iNDikA' meM likhA hai| aba vaha pustaka upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu usake saMdarbho kA upayoga yUnAnI lekhakoM ne kiyA hai| dhArmika jIvana candragupta kI dharma meM gahana rUci thii| usakI dhArmika rUci kA kAraNa saMbhavataH dArzanikoM se samparka thaa| megasthanIja kA kahanA hai ki bhAratIya rAjAoM meM 'hAilovioi' nAma ke dArzanikoM ke pAsa dUta bhejakara maMtraNA karane kA rivAja hai| ye 'hAIlovioi' sarmanIja (zramaNAja) ke hI eka saMpradAya ke the, jo vanoM meM rahate the au saMyama kA jIvana bitAte the| rAjA loga inase sRSTi ke kAraNa aura anya bAtoM para parAmarza karate the| devatAoM kI pUjA aura prasannatA ke lie bhI ina dArzanikoM kI sevAyeM lI jAtI thiiN| varSa ke prAraMbha meM rAjA dArzanikoM kA eka mahAsammelana bulAte the, jisameM ye loga phasaleM, pazu yA sArvajanika hita kI vRddhi ke saMbandha meM likhita rUpa meM apane sujhAva dete the| yaha anumAna atarkapUrNa nahIM hogA ki yUnAnI rAjadUta ne pATaliputra meM apane nivAsa ke samaya svayaM dekhakara ye bAteM likhI hoNgii| zramaNoM meM nigraMtha (digambara) sAdhuoM meM hI ye bAteM ghaTita hotI hai| inheM yUnAnI lekhakoM ne 'jimnosophisTa' bhI kahA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai- nagna digambara saadhu| candragupta brAhmaNoM kA bhI Adara karatA thaa| bhAratIya sanyAsiyoM se yUnAniyoM kI pahalI bheMTa takSazilA meM huI thii| ina sanyAsiyoM meM eka sanyAsI kolonasa (kalyANa muni) bhI the| plUTArka ke anasAra TeksIlIja ke kahane para takSazilA ko kolonasa sikandara se milane gye| usake sAtha ve IrAna ge| tehattara varSa kI avasthA meM jaba ve pahalI bAra asvastha hue to sikandara ke anunaya vinaya karane para bhI unhoMne AtmadAha kara liyaa| saMbhavata: unhoMne sallekhanA vrata dhAraNa kara samAdhi lI ho; kyoMki jaina paraMparA meM AtmadAha kA koI vidhAna nahIM hai| avakAza ke samaya ye loga bAjAroM meM samaya bitAte the, unheM bhojana muphta mila jAtA thaa| ve sikandara dvArA die hue bhoja para Ae the aura unhoMne khar3e-khar3e hI bhojana kiyaa| jaina sAdhuoM (digambaroM) ke 28 mUlaguNoM meM eka mUla guNa sthiti bhojana- khar3e-khar3e bhojana lenA Aja bhI anivArya hai| unhoMne apanI zArIrika sahiSNutA ke bhI kamAla dikhAe- jaise sAre dina dhUpa meM khar3e rahanA (ise jaina paraMparA meM Atapana yoga kahate haiM) yA eka pA~va se khar3e rhnaa| onesikraTasa ne likhA hai ki sikandara ne pahale use bhAratIya sanyAsiyoM ke pAsa bhejA; kyoMki usane yaha suna rakhA thA ki ye loga vastrAdi dhAraNa nahIM karate aura anya logoM kA nimaMtraNa bhI svIkAra nahIM krte| (ye donoM bAte Aja bhI digambara aura jaina sAdhu pAlana karate haiN| takSazilA se karIba tIna mIla dUrI para use pandraha vyakti alaga alaga
Page #334
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 46 maurya samrATa candragupta AsanoM meM khar3e mile, unheM bhI eka kolonasa tathA dUsarA maMDanisa- maNDala (anya graMthoM kA daMDa misa-daNDAyana) bhI the| kolonasa ne atIta satayuga kA sAmAnya vivaraNa diyA, kintu Age bar3hane se iMkAra kara diyA aura kahA ki vaha taba taka bAta nahIM kareMge, jaba taka yavana atithi apane ko nirvastra nahIM kara detA aura usake sAtha usakI prastara zilA para nahIM letttaa| maMDanisa ne yavana atithi kI jijJAsA ko zAMta karane kA adhika prayatna kiyaa| una donoM ne yavana aura bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke vicAroM para bAtacIta kii| onisikriTasa ne pithAgorasa, sokreTIja aura DAyojinIja ke yavana darzana ke viSaya meM jo batAyA, usakI to maMDanisa ne sarAhanA kI, parantu usane yavanoM kI isake lie AlocanA kI ki ve prakRti kI apekSA bAhyADambaroM ko adhika mAnate haiM aura kapar3e pahananA chor3ane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hai| isa prakAra daza dArzanikoM se sikandara kI bheMTa huI thii| sikandara ne unase bar3e paine prazna kie aura unhoMne unake itane sundara aura saMtoSajanaka uttara die ki usane prasanna hokara unakA yathocita sammAna kiyaa| kucha zramaNoM ke sAtha striyA~ bhI darzana kA adhyayana karatI thIM, kintu unheM kaThora brahmacarya kA pAlana karanA par3atA thA nirvastra hone para bala denA digambara jaina sAdhuoM kI vizeSatA hai, unheM bauddha mAnanA bhrAmaka hai| ye brAhmaNa dharmI bhI nahIM ho sakate haiN| candragupta kA dharma candragupta kA dharma kauna sA thA, isa viSaya meM samasta jaina sAkSya ekamata hai ki vaha jaina thaa| brAhmaNa graMthoM meM use vRSala, dAsI putra Adi kahakara use nindita siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai, usakA yahI kAraNa hai ki vaha jaina thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki jaba magadha meM 12 varSa kA durbhikSa par3A to candragupta rAjya tyAgakara jaina AcArya bhadrabAhu ke sAtha zravaNavelagolA cale gae aura sacce jaina bhikSu kI bhAMti nirAhAra samAdhistha hokara prANa parityAga kiyaa| 900 I. ke bAda ke aneka abhilekha bhadrabAhu aura candragupta kA eka sAtha ullekha karate haiN| digambara jaina sAhitya meM isa viSaya kA sabase prAcIna ullekha hariSeNakRta bRhatkathAkoza (kathAMka 131) meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa graMtha kI racanA zaka saMvat 853 meM huI thii| isameM batalAyA hai ki poNDravarddhana nAmaka sundara deza meM pahale 'koTimata' tathA vartamAna meM 'devakoTTa' nagara hai| isameM padmaratha nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isa rAjA kA somazarmA nAmAka brahmaNa thaa| isakI somazrI nAmaka strI se bhadrabAhu nAmaka putra huaa| eka bAra zrutakevalI govarddhana koTinagara phuNce| unhoMne vahAM caudaha gola pattharoM ko eka ke Upara eka rakhe hue bhadrabAhu ko dekhaa| unhoMne apane nimitta jJAna se jAnakara usa bAlaka ko usake pitA se le liyaa| unake samIpa rahakara bhadrabAhu nAnA zAstroM ke jJAtA bana gye| eka bAra ve apane pitA se milakara punaH govarddhana svAmi ke pAsa Akara pravrajita ho ge| anantara thor3e hI kAla meM ve zruta ke paragAmI ho ge| eka bAra ve ujjayinI ke samIpa ziprA ke taTa para eka upavana meM phuNce| usa samaya usa nagara meM candragupta nAmaka rAjA thaa| samyagdarzana se sampanna hokara vaha mahAn zrAvaka ho gyaa| eka bAra bhadrabAhu bhikSArtha eka ghara
Page #335
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 47 meM praviSTa hue vahAM sthita eka zizu ne unase kahA ki he bhagavAn muni! yahA~ se zIghra jaao| bAlaka kA yaha kathana sunakara zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ne jAna liyA ki yahAM bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa hone vAlA hai| unhoMne samasta saMgha se kahA ki isa deza meM nizcita rUpa se varSA nahIM hogI tathA bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa pAra karanA kaThina hai| yaha zIghra hI rAjA tathA taskaroM ke lUTane se zUnya ho jaayegaa| mai yahIM para ThaharatA hU~; kyoMki merI Ayu aba kSINa ho gaI hai| Apa lavaNa samudra ke samIpa jaayeN| bhadrabAhu kA vacana sunakara candragupta rAjA ne inhIM yogI ke samIpa jainezvara tapa dhAraNa kara liyaa| prathama dazapUrvadhArI candragupta muni vizAkhAcArya nAma se samasta saMgha ke nAyaka ho ge| guruvAkya ke anusAra samasta saMgha dakSiNapatha deza ke punnATa nAmaka viSaya kI ora gyaa| rAmilla, sthUlabhadra evaM bhadrAcArya ye tInoM apane samudAya ke sAtha sindhu Adi deza kI ora cale gye| bhAdrapada deza kI ujjayinI nagarI meM bhadrabAhu svAmI ne cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanAoM kI ArAdhanA kara samAdhimaraNa prApta kara svargagamana kiyaa| Age isa kathA meM arddhasphAlaka saMpradAya kI utpatti kI kathA bhI dI gaI hai| isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki maurya samrAT candragupta hI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu kI AjJA se vizAkhAcArya nAma dhAraNa kara dakSiNa kI ora cale gae the| durbhikSa kA kAla vidvAnoM ne I.pU. 363 se I.pU.351 ke madhya anumAnita kiyA hai| hariSeNa paravartI graMthakAroM ne candragupta tathA vizAkhAcArya donoM ko bhinna bhinna mAnA hai| tiloyapaNNatI (lagabhaga cauthI zatI I.) ke anusAra mukuTadhArI rAjAoM meM aMtima rAjA candragupta hI thA, jinhoMne dIkSA dhAraNa kii| usake bAda koI bhI mukuTadhArI rAjA dIkSita nahIM huA mauDadharesuM carimo jiNadikkhaM dharidaM caMdagutto y| tatto mauDadharA duppavvajja Neva ginnhti|| ti.pa. 4/1481 vikrama saM. 1296 meM hue AcArya ratnanandI yA ratnakIrti kRta bhadrabAhu carita ke anusAra somazarmA brAhmaNa aura somazrI brAhmaNI se utpanna bAlaka bhadrabAhu ko govarddhanAcArya ne eka ke Upara eka, isa prakAra caudaha golI car3hAte hue dekhakara nimitta jJAna se jAnA ki yaha aMtima zrutakevalI hogaa| ata: use lekara unhoMne samasta zAstra kA pAragAmI banA diyaa| usane eka bAra padmadhara rAjA kI sabhA meM vidyamAna madoddhata brAhmaNoM ko vAda-vivAda meM parAjita kara diyaa| yaha dekhakara rAjA jaina dharmI ho gyaa| usane mAtA-pitA kI AjJA se jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| eka bAra ve ujjayinI ke seTha ke ghara pAraNA ke lie ge| usake ghara meM eka sATha dina ke bAlaka ne jAo! jAo! aisA khaa| bAlaka ke adbhUta vacana sunakara munirAja ne pUchA- vatsa! kaho kitane varSa taka? bAlaka ne kahA- bAraha varSa prynt| bAlaka ke vacana se munirAja ne nimitta jJAna se jAnA ki mAlavadeza meM bAraha varSa paryanta bhISaNa durbhikSa pdd'egaa| muni mahArAja antarAya samajhakara vApisa vana meM cale ge| apane sthAna para Akara unhoMne sAdhuoM ko bAraha varSa ke durbhikSa kI sUcanA dekara usa deza ko chor3ane kI salAha dii| zrAvakoM kI prArthanA para rAmalya, sthUlAcArya sthUlabhadrAdi vahIM raha ge| zeSa sAdhu dakSiNa kI ora cale ge| bhadrabAhu svAmI jaba gahana aTavI meM pahuMce to eka
Page #336
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 48 maurya samrATa candragupta AkAzavANI sunakara unhoMne apane Apako alpAyuska jAna liyaa| unhoMne dazapUrvadhArI vizAkhAcArya ko paTTa para niyojita kara sAdhuoM ko dakSiNa kI ora bhejaa| svayaM kandarA meM rahane kA nizcaya kiyaa| sAdhujanoM ne kahA ki Apako hama akelA kaise chor3a sakate haiM, taba navadIkSita muni candragupta ne kahA ki Apa ciMtA na kareM maiM bAraha varSa paryanta svAmI ke caraNoM kI sabhakti paricaryA karatA rhuuNgaa| candragupta muni AcArya bhadrabAhu kI paricaryA meM rhe| vizAkhAcArya anya sAdhuoM ko jJAna dAna dete hue coladeza meM aae| yogirAja bhadrabAhu muni ne sallekhanApUrvaka zarIra chodd'aa| candragupta muni ke puNya se devoM ne samIpa meM nagara racanA kara dii| munirAja vahIM AhAra karate rhe| bAda meM yathArthatA ko jAnakArI hone para unhoMne devopanIta AhAra kA tyAgakara prAyazcita kiyaa| isa prakAra isa kathA meM vizAkhAcArya aura candragupta ko pRthak pRthak sAdhu nirUpita kiyA hai| zak saM. 1602 ke munivaMzAbhyudaya kAvya meM kahA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu belgola Ae aura cikabeTTa (candragiri) para tthhre| candragupta yahAM tIrthayAtrA ko Ae aura dakSiNAcArya ke banavAe maMdira tathA bhadrabAhu ke caraNoM kI pUjA karate hue vahA~ rhe| kucha kAloparAnta dakSiNAcArya ne apanA pada candragupta ko de diyaa| devacandra kRta rAjabalI kathe (zaka saM. 1761) ke anusAra candragupta ne apane putra siMhasena ko rAjya de bhadrabAhu se jinadIkSA grahaNa kii| ve durbhikSa ke kAraNa bhadrabAhu Adi 1200 muniyoM ke sAtha dakSiNa ko aae| bhadrabAhu ne apanI Ayu kama jAnakara vizAkhAcArya ko saMghanAyaka banA caula aura pANDyadeza ko bheja diyaa| kevala candragupta ko unhoMne apane sAtha rahane kI anumati dii| gurU kI samAdhi ke pazcAt candragupta unake caraNacihna pUjate rhe| yahA~ para siMhasena nareza ke putra bhAskara vahA~ Ae, unhoMne usa sthAna para jinamaMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA aura candragiri ke samIpa belgola nAmaka nagara basA thaa| candragupta ne isI giri para samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| yahA~ candragupta ko pATaliputra kA rAjA banAkara unake solaha svapna nirUpita haiN| isase jJAta hotA hai ki candragupta kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI ke samAna pATaliputra bhI thii| zravaNavelagolA ke candragiri para pArzvanAtha vasadi ke pAsa eka zilAlekha hai| yaha zilAlekha zravaNabelagola ke samasta lekhoM meM prAcInatama (zaka saM.922) hai| isa lekha meM kathana hai ki "mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAta gautama, lohArya, jambU, viSNudeva, aparAti, govarddhana, bhadrabAhu, vizAkha, proSThila, kRtikArya, jaya, siddhArtha, dhutizreNa buddhilAdi guruparamparA meM hone vAle bhadrabAhu svAmI ke traikAlyadarzI nimittajJAna dvArA yaha kathana kie jAne para ki vahA~ dvAdaza varSa kA vaiSamya (durbhikSa) par3ane vAlA hai, sAre saMgha ne uttarApatha se dakSiNApatha ko prasthAna kiyA aura krama se vaha eka bahuta samRddhiyukta janapada meM phuNcaa| yahA~ AcArya prabhAcandra ne vyAghrAdi va darIguphAdi saMkula sundara kaTavapra nAmaka zikhara para apanI Ayu alpa hI zeSa jAnakara samAdhitapa karane kI AjJA lekara samasta saMgha ko Age bhejakara va kevala eka ziSya sAtha rakhakara deha kI samAdhi-ArAdhanA kii| lekha meM prabhAcandrAnAmAnitala meM meM prabhAcandreNa pATha svIkAra karane para yaha artha nikalatA hai ki
Page #337
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 49 anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 bhadrabAhu svAmI saMgha ko Age bar3hane kI AjJA dekara svayaM prabhAcandra nAmaka ziSya ke sAtha kaTavapra para Thahara gae aura vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| sambhavatayA candragupta kA dUsarA nAma prabhAcandra (dIkSA nAma) rahA ho| puSpAsrava kathAkoza meM bhadrabAhu kA magadha se dakSiNa kI ora jAne kA ullekha hai| hemAcandrAcArya pariziSTa parva se bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhadrabAhu ke samaya bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa par3A thA tathA usa bhayaMkara duSkAla par3ane para ba sAdhu samudAya ko bhikSA kA abhAva hone lagA taba saba loga nirvAha ke lie samudra ke samIpa gA~va meM cale gye| isa samaya caturdazapUrvadhArI bhadrabAhu svAmI ne bAraha varSa ke mahAprANa nAmaka dhyAna kI ArAdhanA prArambha kara dI thii| pariziSTa parva ke anusAra bhadrabAhu svAmI isa samaya nepAla kI ora cale gaye the aura zrIsaMgha ke bulAne para bhI pATaliputra ko nahIM Ae, jisake kAraNa zrIsaMgha ne unheM saMghabAhya karane kI dhamakI dii| ukta graMtha meM candragupta ke samAdhipUrvaka maraNa karane kA bhI ullekha hai / " di. jaina granthoM ke anusAra bhadrabAhu kA AcArya pada vIra nirvANa saMvat 133 se 162 taka 29 varSa rahA jo pracalita nirvANa saMvat ke anusAra I. pU. 394 se 365 taka par3atA hai| itihAsakAra candragupta maurya kA rAjya I. pUrva 321 se 398 taka mAnA jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhadrabAhu aura candragupta ke antakAla meM 67 varSa kA antara par3atA hai| " raidhU ne apane bhadrabAhucarita meM jisa candragupta ke bhadrabAhu se dIkSita hone kI bAta kahI hai use candragupta maurya ne mAnakara usake pautra azoka kA pautra batalAyA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne isakI pahacAna samprati se kI hai, kintu na to samprati kA nAma candragupta thA aisA koI pramANa milatA hai aura na zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu se azoka ke pautra candragupta kI samakAlikatA hI siddha hotI hai| 20 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne kahA hai ki dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa kahA~ par3A, isa sambandha meM mataikya nahIM hai| hariSeNa devasena evaM ratnanandI ne ujjayinI meM batalAyA to raidhU ne use sindhu-sauvIra deza btaayaa| isakA samAdhAna yaha ho sakatA hai ki sampUrNa uttara bhArata duSkAla kI capeTa meM thaa| " bhadrabAhu dakSiNa gae athavA nahIM, isake viSaya meM mataikya hai, kintu prAyaH sabhI ne yaha mAnA ki candragupta ne unase jainadIkSA grahaNa kI thii| candragupta jaina thA yA nhiiN| usake samaya meM bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa pdd'aa| candragupta bhadrabAhu se dIkSita hokara unake sAtha cala par3A, isake viSaya meM smitha ko prArambha meM sandeha thA, kintu samatsa pramANoM para punarvicAra karane para tathA kathA ke satyatA ke viSaya meM kI gaI ApattiyoM para vicAra karane para smitha sAhaba isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki yaha kathA sambhavata: mUlataH satya hai tathA candragupta ne yathArtha meM rAjya tyAgakara dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI thii| yadyapi pAramparika kathAoM kI bahuta samIkSA huI hai tathA zilAlekhIya pramANa kisI niSkarSa para nahI pahu~cAtA, phira bhI merA vartamAna vicAra ( prabhAva ) yaha hai ki isa paramparA kI nIMva sudRr3ha tathya para AdhArita hai| candragupta ke samaya kA nirgrantha sampradAyaH
Page #338
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ maurya samrAT candragupta megasthanIja ke eka varNana ke anusArara nigrantha eka varga ke dArzanika the, jo AjIvana nagna rahate the aura kahate the ki Izvara ne AtmA ke lie zarIra kA AvaraNa banAyA hai| ve na mAMsa kA AhAra karate the, na pakavAna kaa| ve pRthvI para gire hue phaloM ko khAkara rahate the| isa varNana kI aneka bAteM una varNanoM se milatI hai, jo nirgranthoM ke viSaya meM bauddha granthoM meM milatI hai| donoM siddhAntoM meM bahuta samAnatA hai| ve AtmA ke astitva ko mAnate the, kisI jIva kA vadha nahIM karate the yahA~ taka ki ve vanaspatiyoM meM bhI jIvana mAnate the aura unheM naSTa nahIM karate the| ve nagna sAdhu the| jinako megasthanIja ne nagna kahA ve nirgrantha hI mAlUma hote haiN| megasthanIja unheM zramaNa nahIM brAhmaNa kahatA hai, kyoMki nirgrantha sAdhu AcAra kI zuddhatA aura dhArmika vizvAsoM meM brAhmaNoM ke nikaTa the| ye parivrAjaka sAdhuoM se apane ko bhinna mAnate the, jo prAyaH nimna jAtiyoM ke hote the|2|| 21 - Jain Tradition overs that Chandragupta Maurya was a Jain and that when a great twelve years famine accurred, he abdicated, accompanied Bhadrabahu, the last of the saints called Srutakevalies to the south, lived as an ascetic at sharvangola in mysore and ultimately committed suicide by starvation at that place, were his name is still held in rememberance. In the second editon of this book I rejected that tradition and dismised the tale as Imaginery history but on reconsideration of the whole evidence and the objetions urged against the exdibility of the story,. I am now disposed to believe that the tradiion probably is true in its main outline and that Chandragupta realy abdicated and become a Jain ascetic. The traditional at Narratives, of course, like all such relation, are open to much criticism and the epigraphical support is for from conclusive. Nevertheless, my present impression is that the tradion has a solid foundation on fact. candragupta kI zAna zaukataH candragupta ke samaya nadiyoM aura samudra ke taToM para sthita nagaroM ke ghara lakar3I ke banAye jAte the; kyoMki unheM bAr3ha aura varSA kA khatarA thaa| zAnadAra sthAnoM yA U~cAI para base ghara IMTa aura miTTI ke gAre se banAe jAte the| gaMgA aura sona ke saMgama basA pATaliputra nagara sabase bar3A thaa| rAjA candragupta ke prAsAda kI bhavyatA sUsA aura ekabatanA ke prAsAdoM kI bhavyatA ko mAta karatI thii| usake udyAnoM meM pAlatU mora aura cakora rakhe jAte the| unameM chAyAdAra kuMja aura ghAsa ke maidAna hote the, jinameM khar3e per3a kI zAkhAoM ko mAlI bar3I kuzalatA se eka dUsare se gUMtha dete the| per3a barAbara hare aura tAje rakhe jAte the| kucha per3a dezI the, kucha bAhara se lAe jAte the| ina per3oM meM jaitUna kA per3a zAmila nahIM thaa| cir3iyA~ bhI thIM, kintu unheM pijar3oM meM nahIM rakhA jAtA thaa| ve apanI icchA se AtI thIM aura per3oM kI DAliyoM para apane ghoMsale banAtI thii| tote bar3I saMkhyA meM rakhe jAte the| ve prAyaH jhuNDa banAkara rAjA ke AsapAsa maDarAte rahate the| prAsAda ke prAMgaNa meM bar3I sundara bAvar3iyA~ bhI banI thIM, jinameM bar3I bar3I, kintu pAlatU machaliyA~ rahatI thiiN| kisI ko unheM pakar3ane kI AjJA nahIM thii| rAjA aura mahala ke viSaya meM karTiyasa likhatA hai-'rAjAoM kI aizvaryazIlatA kI koI iMtahA nahIM, ve saMsAra meM bejor3a haiN| jaba rAjA, prajA ko darzana dene
Page #339
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 kI kRpA karatA hai to usake parivAra hAthoM meM cAMdI ke itradAna lekara calate haiM, vaha eka sone kI pAlakI meM ArAma se baiThatA hai, jisameM motI jar3e hote haiM, usakI jhAlareM cAroM ora laTakatI rahatI haiN| rAjA mahIna malamala ke kapar3e pahanatA hai, jisase sone ke kAma kie hote haiN| pAlakI ke pIche sazastra sainika aura usake aMgarakSaka calate haiN| inameM kucha apane hAthoM meM per3oM kI DAleM lie calate haiN| ina para aisI cir3iyA~ baiThI rahatI haiM, jinako apanI cIkha se kAma rokane kI TreniMga milI rahatI hai| rAjamahala ke khambhoM para sone kA kAma hai, jisameM sone kI aMgUra kI beleM banI haiM, jinameM cAMdI kI cir3iyAM banAI jAtI haiN| ye bar3e nayanAbhirAma hai| mahala ke daravAje sabake lie khule haiN| usa samaya bhI loga rAjA se mila sakate haiM, jaba vaha apane bAla saMvAratA aura kapar3e pahanatA hai| usI vakta vaha rAjadUtoM se milatA hai aura prajA ko nyAya detA hai| isake bAda usake jUte utAra die jAte haiM, aura usake pairoM meM sugandhita ubaTana kI mAliza hotI hai| choTI yAtrAo ke lie ghor3e para car3hatA hai| bar3I yAtrAoM ke lie hAthiyoM para baiThatA hai, jina para haude kase hote haiN| inakA sArA zarIra jhAlaroM se DhakA hotA hai, jina para sone kA kAma hotA hai| usake sAtha gaNikAoM kI eka jamAt calatI hai| yaha jamAt rAniyoM ke lavAja meM se alaga hotI hai| inakI niyukti para bar3A kharca hotA hai| rAjA kA bhojana aurateM banAtI haiN| candragupta ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM ke mataH Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki candragupta maurya jaina muni ho gayA thaa| DaoN. smitha kahate haiM ki candragupta maurya kA ghaTanApUrNa rAjyakAla kisa prakAra se samApta huA, usakI sIdhI aura ekamAtra sAkSI jaina dantakathA hI hai| jaisI isa mahAn samrATa ko bimbasAra jaisA hI jaina mAnate haiM aura isa mAnyatA meM avizvAsa karane kA koI bhI paryApta kAraNa nahIM hai| paravartI zaizunAgoM, nandoM aura mauryoM ke kAla meM jainadharma niHsandeha magadha meM atyanta prabhAvazAlI rahA thaa| yaha bAta ki candragupta ne eka brAhmaNa vidvAn kI yukti se rAjya pAyA thA, isa dhAraNA se kadApi asaMgata nahIM ki jainadharma taba rAjadharma thaa| jaina gRhasthAnuSThAnoM meM brAhmaNoM se kAma lete haiM, yaha eka sAmAnya prathA hai aura mudrArAkSasa nATaka meM mantrI rAkSasa kA viziSTa mitra jaina sAdhu hI batAyA gayA hai, jisane pahale nanda kI aura bAda meM candragupta kI sevA kI thii| yadi yaha tathya ki candragupta jaina thA yA jaina ho gayA thA, eka bAra svIkRta ho jAtA hai to usake rAjya tyAgane evaM anta meM sallekhanA vrata dvArA mRtyu kA AhvAna karane kI dantakathA bhI sahaja vizvasanIya ho jAtI hai| yaha bAta to nizcita hai ki I.pUrva 322 athavA usake AsapAsa jaba candragupta gaddI para AyA thA, taba ekadama yuvaka aura anubhavahIna thaa| 24 varSa pazcAt jaba usake rAjyakAla kA anta huA, taba vaha 50 varSa se kama hI Ayu kA honA caahie| rAjya tyAga kara itanI kama AyA meM dUra bhAga jAne kA aura koI kAraNa samajha meM nahIM AtA hai| rAjAoM ke saMsAra tyAga ke aneka dRSTAnta upasthita hai aura bAraha varSa kA duSkAla bhI svIkRta kiyA jAtA hai| saMkSepa meM jaina dantakathA jahA~
Page #340
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 52 maurya samrATa candragupta eka ora svasthAna kI rakSA karatI hai, vahA~ dUsarA aura koI vikalpa bhI hamAre sAmane nahIM chor3atI hai| zravaNavelagola ke jaina zilAlekhoM ke prakhara abhyAsI rAisa aura narasiMhAcAra bhI isI kA samarthana karate haiN| maigasthanIja kI sAkSI isI taraha mAna letI hai ki candragupta zramaNoM kI bhakti aura upadezoM kA mAnane vAlA thA, na ki brAhmaNoM ke dharma siddhAnta kaa| yAkobI kA kahanA hai ki hemacandrAcArya se lekara Adhunika saba vidvAn bhadrabAhu kI samAdhi kI tithi vIra nirvANa saMvat 170 mAnate haiN| apanI gaNanA ke anusAra I.pU. 297 ke lagabhaga yaha tithi par3atI hai| mahAn AcArya ke svargavAsa kI yaha tithi candragupta ke rAjyakAla I.pUrva 321-297 se barAbara mila jAtI hai| hnisa DeviDsa kA kahanA hai ki yaha nizcita hai ki upalabhya rAjakIya sAhitya meM lagabhaga daza zatAbdiyoM taka candragupta bilakula upekSita hI rahA thaa| yaha saMbhava lagatA hai ki brAhmaNa lekhakoM kI cuppI yA upekSA kA yahI kAraNa ho ki maurya samrATa candragupta jaina thaa| saMdarbha sUcI: 1. mudrArAkSasa aMka 4 2. mahAvaMza kI TIkA anusAra mauryoM kA saMbandha zAkyoM se jo Aditya (sUrya) ke vaMzaja the avadAna kalpalatA saMkhyA- 19 pariziSTa parvan pR. 56, 8-229 4. gegara kA anuvAda pR. 27 moriyAnaM khattiyAnaM vaMze jaatN| 5. divyAvadAna pRSTha- 409 sekriDa buksa oNpha IsTa pra. 134-45 7. prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika itihAsa pR. 198 8. jaikobI, kalpasUtra oNpha bhadrabAhu 1879 pR. 7, pariziSTa parvan dvi. saM. 20 9. rAisa- maisUra eNDa kurga phrAma iMskripTazaMsa pRSTha-10 10. naMda mauryayugIna bhArata pRSTha-172-173 11. naMda mauryayugIna bhArata pRSTha-173 12. dvijendranArAyaNa jhA evaM kRSNa mohana zrI mAlI: prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, pRSTha-175-176 13. naMda mauryayugIna bhArata, pRSTha-182 14. naMda mauryayugIna bhArata, pRSTha-111-112 15. vahI pRSTha- 113 16. prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa pRSTha-177 17. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha- DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI bhUmikA pRSTha-61-64 18. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, pRSTha 67 (bhUmikA) 19. vahI pRSTha- 66 (bhUmikA) 20. zramaNa- akTUbara- disambara 2000 6.
Page #341
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 21. Vincent A. Smith: The early history of India P.154 22. nanda mauryayugIna bhArata, pRSTha-339 23. nanda mauryayugIna bhArata, pRSTha-127-128 24. smithaH oNksaphorDa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, pRSTha-75-76 25. rAisa lyUisaH maisUra eNDa kurga phrAma dI iMskripzansa, landana, 1909 26. yAkobI: kalpasUtra, prastAvanA pRSTha-13 27. yAkobI: pariziSTa parvan pRSTha-61-62 -bijanaura (u. pra.) jitendriya : saccA samrATa jisane apane Apako jIta liyA vaha jitendriya hai| apane Apako jItane vAlA, kisI se parAjita nahIM hotaa| eka Atma sAdhaka santa, samrATa se bhI bar3A hotA hai| saMta kisI apekSAoM kA dAsa nahIM hotaa| vaha vijaya aura parAjaya ke dvandva se pare rahatA hai| cIna meM eka mahAna dArzanika saMta ho gayA- knphyuushiys| eka bAra cIna kA rAjA vahA~ se gujarA, jahA~ kanphyUziyasa vicAra magna apanI kuTiyA meM baiThA thaa| rAjA ko nikalate dekhakara bhI na to vaha abhivAdana ke lie uThA aura na hI koI svAgata kI aupacAritakA kii| rAjA, kanphyUziyasa ke pAsa jAkara bolA! tumheM patA hai tumase milane kauna AyA hai? saMta ne kahA ki maiM sirpha apanA patA rakhatA hU~ ki maiM samrATa huuN| phakIra ke isa uttara se cIna ke samrATa ko gussA bhI AyA aura use Azcarya huA ki yaha kitanA niDara vyakti hai| rAjA ke ahaMkAra ko jaise kisI ne AsamAna se dharatI para paTaka diyA ho| yaha vyakti svayaM ko samrATa bola rahA hai jabaki isake pAsa na senA hai na sevaka, na rAjakoSa hai na koI hukumt| saMta kanphyUziyasa, samrATa kI yaha bAta sunakara haMsa diye| saMta ne kahA senA use cAhie jisake pAsa sattA ho| sevaka use cAhie jo parAdhIna ho, rAjakoSa kI saMpatti use cAhie jo garIba aura AkAMkSAoM kA bhUkhA ho| mere pAsa to saMtoSa kA akSaya bhaNDAra hai| maiM svayaM kA mAlika hU~ mujhe sevaka kI kyA aavshyktaa| kanphyUziyasa ne thor3A aphasosa jAhira karate hue punaH samrATa se kahA- hA~! itanA avazya hai ki maiM abhI saMpUrNa samrATa nahIM bana pAyA hU~ mere zarIra para abhI laMgoTI hai jisa dina yaha chUTa jAyegI maiM sahI meM samrATa bana jaauuNgaa| saMta kI isa alaukika vANI ko sunakara samrATa nirUttara ho gyaa| vaha isa rahasya ko bhI jAna gayA ki jisane apane Apako jIta liyA, aisA jitendriya hI saccA samrATa hai| - sAbhAra, "AsthA ke AyAma' se kRtikAra-paM. nihAlacanda jaina
Page #342
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 54 tattvArthavArtika meM varNita aNuvrata aura mahAvrata -prAcArya DaoN. zItalacanda jaina AcArya akalaMkadeva dvArA tattvArthasUtra para tattvArthavArtika grantha likhA gayA hai| isameM prameya kA vicAra Agamika evaM dArzanika paddhati se kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Alekha meM anuvrata aura mahAvratoM para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| jaba vratoM para vicAra karate haiM to sarvaprathama vrata ke svarUpa para vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra likhate haiM ki hiMsA, anRta, asteya, abrahma tathA parigraha se virati vrata hai / ' samantabhadrAcArya likhate haiM ki aniSTapana aura anupasevyapana ke kAraNa chor3ane ke yogya viSaya se abhiprAyapUrvaka jo nivRtti hotI hai vahI vrata hai| pUjyapAda AcArya ne savArthasiddhi meM vyAkhyA karate hue likhA ki pratijJA karake jo niyama liyA jAtA hai, vaha vrata hai yA yaha karane yogya hai, yaha nahIM karane yogya hai, isa prakAra niyama karanA vrata hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne vrata ke svarUpa para vizeSa vivecanA karate hue likhA hai ki viramaNa kA nAma virati hai / cAritra mohanIya karma ke upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama ke nimitta se aupazamika kSAyopazamika aura kSAyikacAritra kI prakaTatA hone se jo virakti hotI hai, use virati kahate haiM aura abhisandhikRta niyama vrata kahalAtA hai| buddhipUrvaka pariNAma yA buddhipUrvaka pApoM kA tyAga abhisandhi hai yaha aisA hI karanA, anya prakAra se nivRtti hai, aise niyama ko abhisandhi kahate haiN| arthAt buddhipUrvaka kiyA huA niyama sarvatra vrata kahalAtA hai| zubha kAryoM meM pravRtti aura azubha se nivRtti hI vrata hai|' vratamabhisandhikRto niyama : vrata ko jo svarUpa pUrvavartI AcArya samantabhadra ne batAyA isake bAda pUjyapAda AcArya ne bhI pratipAdana kiyA parantu AcArya akalaMkadeva ne abhisandhikRtaH kA artha buddhipUrvaka pariNAma karake yaha spaSTa kara diyA ki vrata buddhipUrvaka hI liye jAte haiN| ataH isase spaSTa hai ki Aja jo mumukSuoM meM yaha dhAraNA banatI jA rahI hai ki vrata to sahaja meM hote haiM jaba usakI kAlalabdhi AyegI to vrata sahaja aura svayaM ho jaayeNge| ataH ukta kathana se mumukSuoM kI yaha 'sahaja' kI avadhAraNA nirmUla ho jAtI hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne vratoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~Tane kA kAraNa sarvaprathama batAyA hai ki vyaktiyoM ke AtmabhUta dharmoM ke daividhya hone se vyaktiyoM ke dvaividhya ke samAna una dharmoM ke bhI do bheda ho jAte haiM arthAt vyakti ke bheda se vrata do prakAra ke hote haiM- 'deza sarvato'NumahatI' arthAt hiMsAdi se eka deza virakta honA aNuvrata aura sampUrNa rUpa se
Page #343
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 virakti mahAvrata hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki kisI vyakti ne yaha pratijJA kara lI ki maiM hisA nahIM karU~gA, jhUTha nahIM bolU~gA ityAdi pratijJA ke bAvajUda bhI vaha bhAvanA sthira rakhane meM asamartha hai to aisI sthiti meM kyA kareM? to spaSTa kiyA hai ki una vratoM kI sthiratA ke liye pratyeka vrata kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM ko bhAve to vratoM meM sthiratA aayegii| jina paccIsa bhAvanAoM kA varNana tattvArtha sUtrakAra ne kiyA hai ve bhAvanAyeM mukhyarUpa se mahAvratiyoM ko hai kyoMki kundakunda AcArya ne cAritrapAhuDa meM mahAvrata kI paribhASA batAkara ina vratoM kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAyeM bhI ginAyI hai / parantu tattvArthasUtrakAra 'dezasarvato'NumahatI' sUtra kaha karake kahate haiM ki ina vratoM kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAyeM haiN| isa sUtra se spaSTa hotA hai ki ye bhAvanAyeM aNuvratI aura mahAvratI donoM ko mAnanA cAhie kyoMki AcArya akalaMkadeva ne spaSTa kahA hai ki koI puruSa yaha pratijJA kara letA hai ki maiM jhUTha nahIM bolUMgA, hiMsA nahIM karUMgA, para strI gamana nahIM karUMgA ityAdi / aisI bhAvanA sthira rakhane meM asamartha hai to ye pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAyeM bhAve jJAtavya hai ki para strI gamana kA tyAga aNuvratI ke hotA hai| mahAvratI to strIbhAva ke tyAgI haiN| ataH akalaMka ne yaha spaSTa kara diyA ki ye pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAyeM aNuvratI aura mahAvratI donoM ko vratoM meM sthiratA ke liye bhAnA caahie| tattvArthavArtika meM akalaMka kahate haiM ki ina bhAvanAoM ke sivA aura bhI jina bAtoM se vratoM kI dRr3hatA rahatI hai ve haiM vratoM kI virodhI ho rahI pApa kriyAoM meM pratikUla bhAvanAyeM bhAvate hue sAmAnyarUpa se sampUrNavratoM kI sthiratA ke liye aura bhI isa prakAra bhAvanAyeM karanI cAhiye ki hiMsAdi pApoM ke karane se isa loka meM bhI aura paraloka meM bhI apAya (anartha) aura avadya ( nindA) darzana hotA hai|' isI prakAra inake sivA hiMsAdi ke viSaya meM aura bhI bhAvanAeM haiM, ve bhI mAnI cAhie jaisA sUtrakArA kahate haiM ki ye hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha rUpa pApa duHkha rUpa hI haiN| hiMsAdi pApa duHkha svarUpa hI hai isako siddha karate hue kahate haiM ki 'kAraNa kAraNe vA dhnpraannvt'| jaise dhana se anna AtA aura anna se prANoM kI sthiti hotI hai| ataH kAraNa ke kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake dhana ko prANa kahate haiM usI prakAra hiMsAdi pApa asAtA vedanIya karma ke kAraNa hai aura asAtA vedanIya karma duHkha kA kAraNa hai| ataH duHkha ke kAraNa ke rUpa hiMsAdi bhI duHkha rUpa hI hai| isa prakAra AcArya akalaMkadeva dArzanika zailI meM hiMsAdi ko duHkharUpa hI hai, siddha karate haiN|" 55 AcArya akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra ye bhAvanAyeM bhAvapUrvaka bhAne se vrata ko pUrNatA pradAna karatI hai usI prakAra isa loka sambandhI prayojana kI nahIM apekSA kara ye maitrI Adika bhAvanAyeM bhI yadi bhAyI jAveM to vrata sampatti sthira hotI hai| prANImAtra meM maitrI, guNijanoM meM pramoda, duHkhI jIvoM meM karUNA tathA virUddha cittavAloM meM mAdhyasthyabhAva rakhanA ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA vizeSarUpa vicAra karate hue vratI ko apanA, AtmA sarvadA saMskArita rakhanA caahiye| mahAvratiyoM dvArA ukta sabhI bhAvanAoM kA cintana karane se navIna pApAsrava
Page #344
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ tattvArthavArtika meM varNita aNuvrata aura mahAvrata rUkegA parantu saMvega aura vairAgya ke liye saMsAra aura zarIra ke svabhAva kA cintana karanA caahiye| AcArya akalaMkadeva apanI tArkika buddhi se kahate haiM ki jo saMsAra aura zarIra ke svabhAva kA cintana karegA use Arambha parigraha meM doSa dikheNge| to vaha vratI inase virata hogA aura inase virata honA hI dharma hai aura dharma se dharma meM, dhArmikoM meM, dharmazravaNa meM aura dhArmika-darzana meM bahumAna hotA hai| unake prati mAnasika AhlAda hotA hai| uttarottara guNoM kI pratipatti (prApti) meM zraddhA aura vairAgya hotA hai| yahI saMsAra zarIra bhogopabhoga vastu se nirveda hotA hai tathA bhAvanA bhAne vAlA mAnava acchI taraha se vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| __ Age AcArya akalaMkadeva dArzanika zailI se pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki ye sabhI vratabhAvanAyeM sarvapadArthoM ko jo sarvathA nitya mAnatA hai athavA anitya una ekAntavAdiyoM ke ekAntamata meM ye bhAvanAyeM nahIM bana sakatI apitu nityAnitya Atmadravya meM ye sabhI bhAvanAyeM bana sakatI hai| aNuvrata aura mahAvratoM kI carcA meM vrata ke svarUpa meM hiMsA Adi pA~ca pApoM se virata honA so vrata kahA hai| ataH hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla evaM parigraha ko vArtika meM vistAra se vivecita kiyA gayA hai jo yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| isa prakAra ina bhAvanAoM ke dvArA jisakA citta sthira ho gayA hai, jo hiMsAdi pApoM ko jIva ke nAza athavA ahita kA kAraNa samajhatA hai aura indriya sambandhI viSayoM ke kautUhala se jo nirUtsuka ho cukA hai, samasta prANiyoM meM maitrI, pramoda, kArUNya aura mAdhyastha bhAvoM ke praNidhAna se jo vAtsalya bhAva dhAraNa kara cukA hai, jisane zarIra ke svabhAva ko acchI taraha se pahicAna liyA tathA jo mokSa prApti ke lie prayatnazIla hai, aise jisa purUSa ke vrata hai vahI zalyoM se rahita hotA huA vratI kahalAtA hai| AcArya umAsvAmI ne 'niHzalyo vratI' arthAt mAyA, mithyAttva aura nidAna ina tIna zalyoM se rahita ko vratI kahA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM vratI ke lakSaNa ko lekara AcArya akalaMka svAmI ne 8 vArtika likhI hai| jisameM zaMkA upasthita kI gaI niHzalyatva aura vratitva ye donoM ke virUddha hai arthAt pRthaka-pRthaka hai kyoMki niHzalyatva hone se vratI nahIM ho sktaa| koI daNDa ke sambandha meM chatrI nahIM ho sktaa| ataH vrata ke sambandha se vratI kahanA cAhiye aura zalya ke abhAva meM ni:shly| ata: vrata ke sambandha se vratI kahanA cAhiye aura zalya ke abhAva meM ni:shly| ataH vrata yA niHzalya meM se eka se vratI siddha ho jAne se do vizeSaNa denA nirarthaka hai| yadi vratI hone se niHzalya hai to vratI hI kahanA cAhiye niHzalya nhiiN| yadi niHzalya hone se vratI hai to ni:zalya hI kahanA cAhiye vratI nhiiN| isa prakAra niHzalyoM vratI meM phala vizeSa nahIM hai kyoMki 'ni:zalya kaho yA vratI kaho' donoM vizeSaNoM se viziSTa eka hI vyakti iSTa haiN| ukta zaMkA kA samAdhAna sahetuka diyA hai aura kahA hai ki ubhaya vizeSaNa viziSTa hone se niHzalyo vratI kahanA doSa nhiiN| aMgAgIbhAva vivakSita hone se niHzalyovratI
Page #345
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 kahanA anucita nahIM hai| niHzalyattva aura vratittva meM aMga-aMga bhAva vivakSita hai kyoMki kevala hiMsAdi virakti rUpa vrata ke sambandha meM vratI nahIM hotA jaba taba ki zalyoM kA abhAva na ho| zalyoM kA abhAva hone para hI vrata ke sambandha se vratI hotA hai| udAharaNa diyA gayA hai ki jaise bahuta dUdha aura ghI vAlA gomAna kahA jAtA hai| bahuta dUdha aura ghRta ke abhAva meM bahuta sI gAyoM ke hone para bhI gomAna nahIM khlaataa| usI prakAra sazalya hone para vratoM ke rahate hue bhI vratI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jo ki niHzalya hotA vahI vratI hotA hai| ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki vratI vahI hai jo niHzalya hokara vrata pAlana karatA hai / kevala vrata pAlana kareM aura niHzalya na ho to vratI nahIM hai niHzalya hai aura vrata nahIM hai to bhI vratI nahIM / vratI kI yaha paribhASA aNuvratI aura mahAvratI donoM para barAbara lAgU hotI hai| isIliye Age sUtra kahanA par3A ki 'AgAryanagArazva' arthAt agArI gRhastha aura anagArI - muni ke bheda se vratI do prakAra ke haiM: agAra jisake hai, vaha agArI kahalAtA hai jisake agAra nahI hai, vaha anagArI kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra agArI- anagArI kI paribhASA karane para prazna uThatA hai ki kisI kAraNavaza jo ghara chor3akara vana meM rahane lagA usake (gRhastha) anagArapanA siddha hogA / isakA samAdhAna AcArya akalaMkadeva ne kiyA hai ki yahA~ bhAvAgAra vivakSita hai| 15 57 isI prakAra sampUrNavratoM kA pAlana na kara eka dezavrata pAlana karatA hai taba bhI vahI vratI hai| jaisA ghara ke koThe meM rahane vAle bhI nagaravAsI kahA jAtA hai| aThAraha hajAra zIla aura caurAsI lAkha uttaraguNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA muni jaise pUrNavratI hai vaise aNuvratadhAraka saMyatAsaMyata vratI nahIM hai phira bhI aNuvratadhArI bhI vratI kahalAtA hI hai| hiMsAdi pA~coM pApoM meM se kisI eka pApa kA tyAga karane se agArI nahIM apitu pA~coM kA eka deza tyAga karane vAlA agArI hai| isaliye sUtrakAra ko sUtra banAnA par3A ki 'aNuvrato'gANI' arthAt aNuvratoM kA dhAraka agArI hai| yahA~ para prazna uThatA hai ki jisa prakAra aNuvrato'gArI sUtra diyA usa prakAra mahAvrato'nagArI sUtra bhI denA cAhiye thA parantu isa viSaya meM na sarvArthasiddhi meM samAdhAna hai aura na tattvArthavArtika meM parantu AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM samAdhAna diyA hai: tatra cANuvratoM'gArI sAmarthyAtsyAnmahAvrataH / anagAra iti jJeyamaMtra sUcAMtarAdvinA / / vahA~ agArI aura anagAra do vratiyoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke avasara para sUtra dvArA eka sUkSmavrata vAle ko agArI kaha dene kI sAmarthya se yahA~ anya sUtra ke binA hI 'mahAna vratoM kI dhArI puruSa anagAra hai' yo dUsarA vratI samajha lenA caahiye| tattvArthavArtika meM kahA hai ki aNUni vratAni asya so'nnuvrtH| aNu hai vrata jisake vaha aNuvrata kahalAtA hai| phira prazna hai ki vratoM meM aNupanA kaise ? AcArya akalaMkadeva samAdhAna dete haiM ki sarva sAvadya yoga kI nivRtti asambhava hone se aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| aNuvratI dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya trasa prANiyoM ke vyaparopaNa
Page #346
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 58 tattvArthavArtika meM varNita aNuvrata aura mahAvrata se mana, vacana, kAya se nivRtta ahiMsANuvratI kahalAtA hai| sneha, dveSa aura moha ke Aveza se bole jAne vAle asatya kA tyAgI satyANuvratI hotA hai| anya ko pIr3AkAraka aura rAjabhaya Adi se parityakta jo adatta hai, usa adatta se nivRtti acauryANuvrata hai| upAtta (dUsare ke dvArA gRhIta) anupAtta (dUsare ke dvAra anugRhIta kumAra, kanyA Adi se parastrI se virakta honA brahmacaryANuvrata hai|) dhana dhAnya kSetrAdi dasa prakAra ke bAhya parigraha kA svecchA se parimANa kara lenA parigraha parimANuvrata hai| aNuvratI zrAvaka ke ina pA~ca vratoM ke atirikta digavirati, dezavirati, anartha-daNDavirati, sAmAyika, proSadhovapAsa, upabhoga paribhoga parimANa aura atithi saMvibhAgavata bhI hote haiN| AcArya akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki 'tato bahirmahAvrata prasiddhi' arthAt ahiMsANuvratI parimita dizA kI avadhi ke bAhara mana, vacana, kAya yoga aura kRta kArita tathA anumodana Adi sarva vikalpoM ke dvArA hiMsAdi sarva sAvadha se nivRtta ho jAtA hai, ataH digvirati vratadhArI ke digvirati bAhara mahAvratattva jAnanA caahiye| isI prakAra dezavirati ke bhI mahAvratattva hotA hai aura sAmAyika meM aNu aura sthUla hiMsA Adi se nivRtta hone ke kAraNa isameM bhI mahAvratapanA samajhanA cAhiye parantu yaha mahAvratapanA agArI ke upAcAra se kahA hai| vArtikakAra akalaMkadeva ne anarthadaNDa ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki madhya meM anarthadaNDa kA grahaNa pUrvottara atireka ke Anartha ke jJApanArtha hai| pUrva meM kahe gaye digvrata aura dezavrata tathA Age kahe jAne vAle upabhoga paribhoga parimANa vrata se avadhRta maryAdA meM bhI niSprayojana gamana Adi tathA maryAdita viSayoM kA bhI sevana Adi nahIM karanA caahiye| isa prakAra atirikta nirvRtti kI sUcanA dene ke liye madhya meM anarthadaNDavacana ko grahaNa kiyA gyaa| digdezAnarthavirati ityAdi sUtra meM jo 'sampanna' zabda AyA hai usa sambandha meM pUjyapAda evaM akalaMka ne vyAkhyAyita nahIM kiyA parantu vidyAnanda zlokavArtika meM kahate haiM ki" sampanna zabda sAbhiprAya hai jaise koI bar3A zrImAn (dhanADhya) nija sampatti se apane ko bhAgyazAlI mAnatA rahatA hai, mere kabhI lakSmI kA viyoga nahIM hove aisI sampanna bane rahane kI anukSaNa bhAvanA rahatI hai| usI prakAra gRhastha una vratoM se apane ko mahAna sampattizAlI bane rahane kA anubhava karatA rahatA hai| tattvArthavArtika meM aNuvratIzrAvaka kA vaiziSTya batAte hue kahA hai ki digdezAnartha ityAdi sUtra meM hI sallekhanA ko jor3A jA sakatA thA parantu usa sUtra meM sallekhanA isaliye nahIM jor3A kyoki ghara kA tyAga nahIM karane vAle ke liye digvirati Adi sapta prakAra ke zIla kA upadeza hai aura ghara kA tyAga kara dene para usa gRhastha ke zrAvakavrata rUpa se hI sallekhanA hotI hai| ata: isa vaiziSTaya ke sAtha yaha bhI batAnA iSTa thA ki sallekhanA
Page #347
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 59 kevala digvirati Adi sAta zIlavratoM ke dhAraNa karane vAle zrAvakoM ko hI nahIM apitu mahAvratI sAdhu ke bhI sallekhanA hotI hai| ataH sallekhanA ke liye sUtra pRthaka karanA pdd'aa| sUtrakAra ne jaba aNuvratoM aura saptazIlavratoM ke aticAroM ko batAyA to isake pUrva samyagdRSTi ke aticAroM kI carcA kii| ataH prazna uThatA hai ki aNuvratoM ke aticAroM ke pUrva samyagdRSTi ke aticAra kyoM kaheM? isakA samAdhAna pUjyapAda ne nahIM kiyA apitu vArtikakAra ne kiyA hai| ye samyagdRSTi ke aticAra aNuvratI aura mahAvratI donoM ke liye uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki tattvArthavArtika meM aNuvratoM ke sAtha mahAvratoM kI carcA pArizeSa nyAya se kI hai| parantu yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jo gRhastha aNuvrata aura saptazIloM kA pAlana karatA hai vaha mahAvratoM kI zikSA ke liye hai| aNuvratoM ke pAlana ke sAtha jaba taka saptazIloM kA pAlana nahIM karatA taba taka mahAvratoM kI ora kadama nahIM bar3hA sakatA hai| saMdarbha: 1. tattvArthasUtra a./sU. 1 2. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra pari. 3/ratne40 3. sarvArthasiddhi a. 7/1/342/6 4. tattvArthavArtika a.7/1/2/3 5. tattvArthavArtika a./7/20 6. tattvArthasUtra a./7/sU.2 7. cAritrapAhur3a gAthA 31 pRSTha 90 8. na hinasmi, nAnRtaM vadAmi, nAdatta mAdade nAr3aganAM spRzAmi na parigrahamuvA dde| ta. vA. sUtra 2/pRSTha-535 9. tattvArthavArtika a. 7/9 10. tattvArthavArtika a. 7/10 11. tattvArthavArtika A.7 vArtika / 12. abhinavA'kuzala karmAdAna nivRtti pareNa mahAvrata dhAriNA kriyAkalApa praNidhAtavyaH? (navIna pApAstravako rokane meM sAvadhAna mahAvratI dvArA kyA itanA hI kriyA kalApa dhAraNa karanA caahiye| kyA itanI hI bhAvanAyeM bhAne yogya hai?) 13. tattvArtharAja. a.7/18, 1-8 14. tattvArthasUtra 19 vA. 2 15. tattvArthavArtika 7/21 16. vahI 7/21 17. tattvArthazloka vA. 7/21/pRSTha-604 18. vezyAparityAginaH digviratyAdi saptataya shiilopdeshH| vezyAparityAgena tu zrAvakatvenaiva gRhiNa: sallekhanetyevamartho bhednenopdeshH| - jayapura (rAjasthAna)
Page #348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM guNasthAnaH eka anucintana -DaoN. zreyAMsakumAra jaina AtmA kI prAthamika avasthA ajJAnapUrNa hotI hai| yaha prathama avasthA nikRSTa hai| isa avasthA se AtmA apane svAbhAvika cetanA, cAritra Adi guNoM ke vikAsa ke pariNAma svarUpa utthAna ko prApta karatA hai| zanaiH zanaiH ina zaktiyoM ke anusAra utkrAnti karatA huA vaha AtmA vikAsa kI pUrNakalA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| vikAsa kI pUrNatA guNasthAnoM dvArA hI hotI hai| 'guNasthAna' yaha zabda guNa+sthAna do zabdoM ke sumela se banA hai| guNa kA artha Atmazakti hai aura sthAna kA artha vikAsa kI avasthA hai| isa prakAra 'guNasthAna' kA artha AtmazaktiyoM ke vikAsa kI avasthA phalita hai| guNasthAna kI paribhASA batAte hue AcArya likhate haiM jehiM dulakkhijaMte udayAdisu saMbhavehiM bhaavehi| jIvA te guNasaNNA NiddaTThA svvdrsiihiN|| dhavala pu.1/go.jI.-8 karmoM kI udayAdi avasthAoM ke hone para utpanna hone vAle jina pariNAmoM se jIva lakSita kiye jAte haiM, unheM sarvadarziyoM ne guNasthAna isa saMjJA se nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isa paribhASA ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki AcAryoM kA Azaya Atmika zaktiyoM ke AvirbhAva kI unake zuddhakArya rUpa meM pariNata hote rahane kI taratama bhAvApanna avasthAoM se hai| __ "AtmA ke guNoM ko AvRta karane vAle karmoM meM moha hI pradhAna hai| mohanIyakarma ke udaya se mithyAtva aura sAsAdana ye do guNasthAna hote haiN| darzanamohanIyakarma ke kSayopazama se mizraguNasthAna hotA hai| darzanamohanIyakarma evaM cAritramohanIyakarma kI anantAnubandhI catuSka ke upazama yA kSayopazama yA kSaya se caturtha guNasthAna hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke udayAbhAva se paJcama guNasthAna hotA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAya ke udayAbhAva se 6 se 10 taka pAMca guNasthAna hote haiN| cAritramohanIyakarma ke upazama se 11vAM tathA kSaya se 12vAM guNasthAna hotA hai| cAra ghAtiyA karmoM ke kSaya se 13-14 vAM guNasthAna hotA hai kintu 13veM guNasthAna meM zarIranAmakarmodaya kA kAraNa yoga hai aura zarIranAmakarmodaya ke abhAva ho jAne se 14veM guNasthAna meM yoga bhI nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra ina 14 guNasthAnoM meM se 1 se 12 taka ke guNasthAna darzanamoha aura cAritramohakarma ke udaya, upazama, kSayopazama tathA kSaya se utpanna hone vAle bhAvoM ke nimitta se hote haiN| 13vAM aura 14vAM guNasthAna yoga ke sadbhAva aura abhAva se hotA hai| isa prakAra jo caudaha guNasthAnoM kI utpatti jIvAtmA kI batAyI hai unhIM caudaha
Page #349
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 guNasthAnoM kI saMjJAo kA ullekha karate hue nemicandrAcArya kahate haiM miccho sAsaNa misso aviradasammo ya desavirado y| viradA pamatta idaro apuvva aNiyaTTi suhamo y|| uvasaMta khINamoho sajogakevalijiNo ajogi y| coddasa jIvasamAsA kameNa siddhA ya nnaadvvaa|| go.jI. 9-10 mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, aviratasamyagdRSTi, dezavirata, pramattavirata, apramattavirata, apUrvakaraNa saMyata, anivRtikaraNasaMyata, sUkSmasAMparAyasaMyata, upazAntamoha, kSINamoha, sayogakevalI, ayogakevalI ye caudaha guNasthAna hote haiM tathA siddhoM ke guNasthAnAtIta avasthA jAnanA caahie| ____ inhIM guNasthAnoM kA dhavala ke pariprekSya meM saMkSipta varNana kiyA jA rahA haimithyAtvaguNasthAna: mithyAtvakarma ke udaya se tattvArtha ke viSaya meM jo azraddhAna utpanna hotA hai athavA viparIta zraddhAna hotA hai, usako mithyAtva kahate haiN| AcArya vIrasena ise spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM- santi mithyAdRSTayaH mithyA vitathA vyalIkA asatyA dRSTidarzanaM viparItaikAnta vinayasaMzayAjJAnarUpamithyAtvakarmodayajanitA yeSAM te mithyaadRssttyH| mithyAdRSTi jIva haiN| yahA~ para mithyA, vitatha, vyalIka aura asatya ye ekArthavAcI nAma haiN| dRSTi zabda kA artha darzana yA zraddhAna hai| isase yaha tAtparya huA ki jina jIvoM ke viparIta, ekAnta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajJAnarUpa mithyAtvakarma ke udaya se utpanna huI mithyArUpa dRSTi hotI hai, unheM mithyAdRSTi jIva kahate haiN| aise jIva deha, strI putrAdi meM anurakta hote haiM, viSaya kaSAya se saMyukta hote haiM aura apane AtmasvabhAva se virata hote haiN| bAhya padArthoM se anurakta hone ke kAraNa mithyA zraddhA yukta jIvoM ko bahirAtmA bhI kahA jAtA hai| ye jIva nAnA karmoM se baddha saMsAra paribhramaNa karate haiN| saMsAra meM ananta AtmAe~ isI guNasthAna meM rahatI haiN| isameM mithyA zraddhAna ke kAraNa saMvara kA abhAva hai| dhavala grantha meM mithyAdRSTi jIva ko ekAnta, viparIta, vinaya, saMzaya aura ajJAna ina pAMca prakAra ke mithyA pariNAmoM se kaluSita kahA hai| inhIM kA varNana bhI kiyA hai| viparIta zraddhAnI isa jIva kI dazA aisI hotI hai ki jisa prakAra pitta jvara se yukta jIva ko mIThA rasa acchA mAlUma nahIM hotA, usI prakAra aise jIva ko yathArtha dharma acchA mAlUma nahIM hotaa| yaha jIva audayika bhAva yukta rahatA huA du:kha kA hI bhoktA hotA hai| sAsAdanaguNasthAna: isa guNasthAna kA svarUpa nirUpita karate hue AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne kahA hai ki samyaktva kI virAdhanA ko AsAdana kahate haiM, jo isa AsAdana se yukta hai, use sAsAdana kahate haiM, kisI eka anantAnubandhI kaSAya ke udaya se jisakA samyagdarzana naSTa ho gayA hai kintu jo mithyAtvakarma ke udaya se utpanna hue mithyAtva rUpa pariNAmoM ko nahIM prApta huA hai, phira bhI mithyAtva guNasthAna ke abhimukha hai, use sAsAdana kahate haiN| sAsAdanaguNasthAnavartI kA viparIta abhiprAya rahatA hai, ataH vaha asadRSTi hI
Page #350
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM guNasthAnaH eka anucintana hotA hai, viparIta abhiprAya vAlA hone se use mithyAdRSTi kadApi nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki isa guNasthAnavartI ke mithyAtvakarma ke udaya se utpanna huA viparIta abhiniveza nahIM hotA, isalie vaha mithyAdRSTi nahIM hai| yahA~ rahasya yaha hai ki viparItAbhiniveza do prakAra kA hotA hai, anantAnubandhI janita aura mithyaatvjnit| unameM se dUsare guNasthAna meM anantAnubandhI janita viparItAbhiniveza hI pAyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki yaha mithyAtva guNasthAna se bhinna svataMtra guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAna ko svataMtra mAnane se anantAnubandhI prakRtiyoM kI dvisvabhAvatA kA kathana siddha ho jAtA hai| darzanamohanIyakarma ke udaya, upazama, kSaya aura kSayopazama se sAsAdana rUpa pariNAma nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAsAdana ko mithyAdRSTi, samyagdRSTi athavA samyamithyAdRSTi nahIM kahA gayA, jisa anantAnubandhI ke udaya se dvitIya guNasthAna meM jo viparItAbhiniveza hotA hai, vaha anantAnubandhI darzanamohanIya kA bhedana hokara cAritra kA AvaraNa hone se cAritramohanIya kA bheda hai isalie yaha sAsAdanaguNasthAna hai| yaha guNasthAna giratI huI avasthA kA hai arthAt samyaktvarUpI ratnaparvata ke zikhara se girakara jo jIva mithyAtva rUpI bhUmi ke sammukha ho cukA hai, jisakA samyaktva naSTa ho rahA hai parantu abhI taka mithyAtva ko prApta nahIM huA hai vaha jIva sAsAdanaguNasthAnavartI jAnanA caahie|' yaha aparyApta nArakiyoM ko nahIM hotA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki koI bhI jIva prathama guNasthAna se dUsare guNasthAna meM nahIM jaataa| caturthAdi guNasthAna se kaSAyoM ke udaya ke kAraNa jaba vaha nIce girane lagatA hai taba yaha guNasthAna AtA hai| yaha guNasthAna utkrAnti kA nahIM hai apitu apakrAnti kA hai| pUrNa mithyAtva meM jAne se pahale isameM samyaktva kA thor3A sA AbhAsa rahatA hai, jaise sUrya chipane ke pazcAt rAtri kA pUrNa aMdhakAra Ane ke bIca kI avasthA isa guNasthAna meM jIva ke pariNAmikabhAva hote haiM kyoMki isameM darzanamohanIyakarma ke udaya, kSaya evaM kSayopazama kA abhAva hotA hai| isa guNasthAna kA adhika se adhika samaya cha: AvalI hotA hai| eka jIva kI apekSA sAsAdanasamyagdRSTi kA jaghanyakAla eka samaya hai aura utkRSTa kAla chaH AvalI pramANa hai aura eka samaya se lekara eka-eka samaya adhika karate hue eka samaya kama chaH AvalI taka madhyama kAla hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI isI ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM uvasamasammattaddhA jattiyamettA hu hoI avsitttthaa| paDivajjaMtA sANaM tattiyabhettA ya tssddhaa|| uvasamasammattaddhA jai chAvaliyA havejja avsitttthaa| to sAsaNaM pavajjai No heddhukktttthkaalesu|| 31-32 // dha.pu.4 pR.341-342 jitane pramANa upazamasamyaktva kA kAla avaziSTa rahatA hai usa samaya sAsAdanaguNasthAna ko prApta hone vAle jIvoM kA bhI utane pramANa hI sAsAdanaguNasthAna kA kAla hotA hai| yadi upazamasamyaktva kA kAla chaH Avali pramANa zeSa ho to jIva sAsAdanaguNasthAna ko prApta ho sakatA hai| yadi cha: Avali se adhika kAla zeSa rahane para
Page #351
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 isa guNasthAna meM nahIM phuNctaa| jayadhavala meM yativRSabhAcArya ne cUrNi meM likhA hai ki jisane anantAnubandhI kI visaMyojanA karake dvitIyopazama ko prApta kara liyA hai vaha bhI dvitopazama se girakara sAsAdana ko prApta ho sakatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM ukta kathana ko svIkAra na kara yahI bAta svIkAra kI hai ki prathamopazama samyaktva se yukta kathana ko svIkAra na kara yahI bAta svIkAra kI hai ki prathamopazama samyaktva se cyuta hokara sAsAdanaguNasthAna ko prApta hotA hai|' gommaTasAra ne "Adisammatta" pada dvArA prathamopazama se girakara sAsAdana meM jAnA kahA hai| dvitIyopazama se girakara sAsAdana ko prApta nahIM hotA hai| prathamopazamasamyaktva se girane vAle jIva ke anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha inameM se kisI kA bhI udaya hote hI sAsAdanaguNasthAna hotA hai kisI ko anantAnubandhI krodha se prerita sAsAdanasamyagdarzana hotA hai| kisI ko mAna se, kisI ko mAyA se, kisI ko lobha se prerita sAsAdanapanA hotA hai| samyagmithyAdRSTi (mizra): samyagmithyAtva nAmaka jAtyantara sarvaghAtiprakRti ke udaya se kevala samyaktvarUpa yA mithyAtvarUpa pariNAma na hokara bhinnarUpa pariNAma hote haiN| jisa prakAra dahI aura gur3a ko isa prakAra milAne para jisase unako bhinna nahIM kiyA jA sake, usa dravya ke pratyeka paramANu kA rasa mizrarUpa hotA hai, usI prakAra mizrapariNAmoM meM bhI eka hI kAla meM samyaktva aura mithyAtvarUpa pariNAma rahate haiN| samIcIna asamIcIna zraddhA vAlA samyagmithyAdRSTi hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM mRtyu nahIM hotI, na mAraNAntika samuddhAta hotA hai, na navIna Ayu kA bandha hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM rahane vAlA jIva patana kare to prathama guNasthAna meM jAtA hai aura Upara car3he to caturtha guNasthAna meM jAtA hai| aviratasamyagdRSTi : jo pratyAkhyAnAvaraNAdi cAritramoha kI prakRtiyoM kA udaya hone se cAritra dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA mAtra jinendra praNIta tattvoM kA zraddhAna karatA hai, use aviratasamyagdRSTi kahate haiN| isa guNasthAnavartI prazama, saMvega, anukampA aura Astikya bhAva pragaTa hote haiN| samyagdarzana kA ghAta yA usakA avarodha karane vAle darzanamohanIyakarma kA kSaya, upazama athavA kSayopazama karake jo AtmA samyagdarzana (zuddha zraddhA kI prApti kara letA hai kintu cAritra-vighAtaka mohanIyakarma kA kSaya, upazama yA kSayopazama na kara sakane ke kAraNa jo ahiMsAdi vratoM ko aMgIkAra nahIM kara sakatA, usa AtmA kI saMjJA aviratasamyagdRSTiguNasthAna kahalAtI hai| yaha kulAcAra kA pAlaka aura vivekI hotA hai| kSAyika, aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA samyaktva hotA hai| kSAyika samyaktva apatana rUpa hotA hai| isa guNasthAna se dezavirata yA apramattaguNasthAna meM pahu~ca sakatA hai athavA prathamopazama vAlA yA kSayopazama vAlA girakara tIsare dUsare prathama guNasthAna meM bhI pahu~ca jAtA
Page #352
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jainadarzana meM guNasthAna: eka anucintana dezavirata: (saMyatAsaMyata) saMyata aura asaMyata ina donoM bhAvoM ke mizraNa se jo guNasthAna hotA hai, usako saMyatAsaMyata kahate haiN| isameM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya kA udaya rahane se pUrNa saMyama to nahIM rahatA kintu yahA~ itanI vizeSatA hotI hai ki apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kA udaya na hone se ekadezavrata hote haiN| isa guNasthAna vAlA aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvratoM ko dhAraNa kara saMkhyAtaguNI karmanirjarA karatA hai| yaha usI manuSya yA tiryaJca ke hotA hai yA to kisI Ayu kA bandha na kiyA ho yA devAyu kA bandha kiyA ho| tInoM samyaktvoM meM yaha guNasthAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAna vAlA 12vratoM kA pAlana samyak prakAra se karatA hai| vratoM kA jhuNavrata rUpa meM pAlana karatA hai| ataH ekadezavratI kahalAtA hai| dezavratI kA ciMtana jaba aisA calane lagatA hai ki maineM ekadeza vratoM kA pAlana kiyA to itanA adhika zAnti lAbha huA yadi maiM sarvavirati ko prApta karU~gA, taba kitanI adhika zAnti se prApta hogI? isa vicAra se prerita hokara va prApta AdhyAtmika zAnti ke anubhava se balavAn hokara vaha vikAsagAmI AtmA cAritramoha ko adhikAMza meM zithila karake pahale kI apekSA bhI adhika svarUpa sthiratA va svarUpa lAbha prApta karane kI ceSTA karatA hai| isa ceSTA meM kRtakRtya hote hI use sarvaviratisaMyama prApta hotA hai| pramattasaMyataH jahA~ pratyAkhyAnAvaraNakaSAya kA kSayopazama hone se hiMsAdi pAMca pApoM kA sarvadeza tyAga ho jAtA hai, parantu saMjvalanakaSAya kA apekSAkRta tIvra udaya rahane se pramAda vidyamAna rahatA hai, vahA~ pramattasaMyata nAmaka guNasthAna hai| siddhAntacakravartI AcArya nemicandra isa guNasthAna kA svarUpa pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM "jisake anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa ina tIna caukar3I rUpa bAraha kaSAyoM ke udayAbhAva se saMyama to hotA hai kintu saMjvalana catuSka aura nau kaSAyoM ke tIvra udaya se malina karane vAlA pramAda bhI sAtha meM rahatA hai, ataH yaha avasthA pramattasaMyata guNasthAna vAle kI hotI hai, yA yaha pramattasaMyata guNasthAna hai| cAra vikathA (strIkathA, bhaktakathA, rASTrakathA aura rAjakathA) krodhAdi cAra kaSAyeM, pAMca iMndriyA~, nidrA aura praNaya se pandraha pramAda mAne jAte haiN| inameM saMyama kI virodhI carcA ko vikathA kahA gayA hai| saMjvalana aura nau no kaSAya anubhavagamya hai dUsare prakAra se madirA, indriyaviSaya, kaSAya, nidrA, aura vikathA ina pAMcoM meM se kisI eka ko athavA sabhI ko pramAda mAnA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra rAga se pramAda ko prApta huA jIva guNa doSa ko nahIM sunatA hai, unakA vicAra nahIM karatA hai, usI prakAra jo gupti aura samiti ke viSaya meM pramAda se yukta hotA hai, use pramattavirata jAnanA caahie|" isa guNasthAna ko dhAraNa karane vAlA nirgrantha mudrA kA dhAraka hokara aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karatA hai| yaha guNasthAna mAtra manuSyagati meM puruSoM ko hI prApta hotA hai| munivrata dhAraNa karane kI icchA rakhane vAlA aviratasamyagdRSTi yA dezavratI zrAvaka apane hAtha se kezaluJcana karate hue zarIra se sarvathA nirmohavRtti hotA huA nagnatA ko dhAraNa karatA hai| AcArya kezaloMca, Acelakya, pratilekhana, zarIra para nirmohavRtti ko
Page #353
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 autsargikaliMga" kahate haiN| digambara sAdhu kI pahicAna ke lie jo prAkRtika cihna cAhita vaha ina bAtoM se prakaTa hotA hai jaisA ki mUlAcAra ke samayasArAdhikAra meM kahA haiacchelakkaM loco vosaTTasarIradA ya paDilihaNaM / 65 eso hi liMgakappo cadubbiyo hodi NAdavvo // 908 // arthAt kapar3e Adi sarvaparigraha kA tyAga ( Acelakya) kezaloMca, zarIra saMskAra kA tyAga, mayUrapiccha yaha cAra sAdhu ke liMga hai| ye cAroM aparigraha bhAvanA, vItarAgatA evaM dayApAlana ke cihna haiN| ina autsargikaliMgoM kA digambara sAdhu meM honA Avazyaka hai inake binA digambara sAdhu nahIM kahalA sakatA hai| Acelakyadharma municaryA kA Avazyaka aMga hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai| dravya ke sAtha bhAva nairgrantha hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isa saMbandha meM kahA bhI hai jayA maNu NiggaMthu jiya taiyA tuhuM NiggaMthu | jayA tuhaM NiggaMthu jiya to labbhai sivapaMthu // yogasAra ( yogIndra ) arthAt he jIva! tumhArA mana jaba nirgrantha hotA hai, tabhI tuma vAstava meM nirgrantha ho / isa prakAra vastutaH nirgrantha hone para hI tuma mokSamArga ke pakSika bana sakate ho| isase siddha huA ki mokSamArga ke lie nairgranthya (Acelakya) kI parama AvazyakatA hai| yaha nairgranthya avasthA pramattApramatta guNasthAna bAloM ke hI prApta hotI hai| apramattasaMyataH saMjvalana krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kA udaya manda par3a jAne para jaba pramAda kA abhAva ho jAtA hai, taba apramattaguNasthAna hotA hai| isa guNasthAna ke do bheda haiM eka svasthAna dUsarA saatishy| vartamAna ke muniyoM meM svasthAna apramatta kI avasthA hI saMbhava hai| sAtizaya bhAga meM adha:karaNa pariNAma hote haiM ataH isa guNasthAna kA dUsarA nAma adhaHkaraNa bhI hai| sAtaveM se chaThaveM guNasthAna meM AnA aura chaThaveM se sAtaveM guNasthAna meM AnA yaha kriyA sAdhaka kI hajAroM bAra hotI rahatI hai pariNAmoM kI aisI hI vicitratA hai| pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke uttarottara mandodaya hone para jaba koI mumukSu AcAryadeva ke pAsa jAkara dIkSA dene kI prArthanA karatA hai AcAryadeva usakI yogyatA kI parIkSA karake use dIkSA pradAna karate haiM vaha paJca mahAvrata paJca samiti, paJca indriyanirodha, Sar3Avazyaka kezaloMca Adi zeSa sAta guNa rUpa 28 mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa kara digambaramuni avasthA ko prApta hotA hai usa samaya use sIdhA saptama apramatta nAmaka guNasthAna prApta hotA hai kintu saMjvalana kaSAya kA tIvra udaya hone se saptama guNasthAna se SaSTha guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai| anantara alpa antamuhUrta meM hI sapta guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| isa prakAra guNasthAnoM meM santa rahatA hai| pramattApramatta guNasthAna meM sAdhaka kI paraNati (kriyA) kA citraNa paM. sukhalAla saMghavI ke zabdoM meM pAMcaveM guNasthAna kI apekSA isa chaThe guNasthAna meM svarUpa abhivyakti adhika hone ke kAraNa yadyapi vikAsagAmI AtmA ko AdhyAtmika zAnti pahale se
Page #354
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 66 jainadarzana meM guNasthAnaH eka anucintana adhika hI milatI hai tathApi bIca-bIca meM aneka pramAda use zAnti ke anubhava meM jo bAdhA pahuMcAte haiM, usako vaha sahana nahIM kara sktaa| ataeva sarvavirati janita zAnti ke sAtha apramAda janita viziSTa zAnti kA anubhava karane kI prabala lAlasA se prerita hokara vaha vikAsagAmI AtmA pramAda kA tyAga karatA hai aura svarUpa kI abhivyakti ke anukUla manana-ciMtana ke sivAya anya saba vyApAroM kA tyAga kara detA hai| yahI apramattasaMyata nAmaka sAtavAM guNasthAna hai| isameM eka ora apramAdajanya utkaTa sukha kA anubhava AtmA ko usa sthiti meM bane rahane ke lie uttejita karatA hai aura dUsarI ora pramAda janya pUrva vAsanAeM use apanI ora khIMcatI haiN| isa khIMcAtAnI meM vikAsagAmI AtmA kabhI pramAda kI tandrA aura kabhI apramAda kI jAgRti arthAt chaThe aura sAtaveM guNasthAna meM aneka bAra AtA jAtA rahatA hai| bhaMvara yA vAtabhramI meM par3A huA tinakA idhara se udhara aura udhara se idhara jisa prakAra calAyamAna hotA rahatA hai usI prakAra chaThe aura sAtaveM guNasthAna ke samaya vikAsagAmI AtmA anavasthita bana jAtA hai| apUrvakaraNa: jahA~ jIva ke pariNAma pratisamaya apUrva-apUrva arthAt naye-naye hote haiM, vahA~ apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna hai| isa guNasthAna meM pichale guNasthAna kI apekSA vizuddhatA kA vega bar3hatA jAtA hai| jaise prathama samaya meM yadi eka se lekara daza taka pariNAma the to dUsare samaya meM gyAraha se lekara bIsa taka ke pariNAma hoNge| yahA~ nAnA jIvoM kI apekSA sama samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM samAnatA aura asamAnatA donoM hotI hai parantu bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAma meM niyama se asamAnatA rahatI hai| isameM sAmAnya rUpa se upazamaka aura kSapaka ye donoM prakAra ke jIva hote haiN| anivRttikaraNa (anivRttivAdarasAparAyikaguNasthAna): sAMparAya zabda kA artha kaSAya hai aura vAdara kA artha sthUla hai arthAt sthUla kaSAyoM ko vAdara sAMparAya kahate haiM aura anivRttirUpa vAdarasAMparAya ko anivRttivAdarasAMparAya kahate haiM, una anivRttivAdarasAMparAyarUpa pariNAmoM meM jina saMyatoM kI vizuddhi praviSTa ho gaI hai, unheM anivRtti vAdarasAMparAyapraviSTazuddhisayata kahate haiN| aise saMyatoM meM upazamaka aura kSapaka donoM prakAra ke jIva hote haiM, aura una saba saMyatoM ko milAkara eka anivRttikaraNaguNasthAna hotA hai| jahA~ eka samaya meM eka hI pariNAma hone se samAna samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM samAnatA rahatI hai aura bhinna samayavartI jIvoM ke pariNAmoM meM asamAnatA rahatI hai vahA~ anivRttikaraNaguNasthAna hai| AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne kahA hai ki isameM apUrvakaraNa kI anuvRtti hai, usase siddha hotA hai ki isa guNasthAna meM prathamAdi samayavartI jIvoM kA dvitIyAdi samayavartI jIvoM ke sAtha pariNAmoM kI apekSA bheda hai (ataeva isase yaha tAtparya nikala AtA hai ki anivRtti pada kA saMbandha eka samayavartI pariNAmoM ke sAtha hI hai| sUkSmasAmparAya : (sUkSma sAmparAyapraviSTazuddhisaMyataguNasthAna) sUkSmakaSAya ko sUkSmasAmparAya
Page #355
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 kahate haiN| jo sAdhaka Atmazuddhi kI apekSA isa avasthA meM praveza kara jAte haiM unheM sUkSmasAmparAyapraviSTazuddhisaMyata kahate haiN| si.ca. nemicandra ne kahA hai ki jisa prakAra dhule hue kausuMbhI rezamI vastra meM sUkSma halkI lAlimA zeSa raha jAtI hai usI prakAra jIva atyanta sUkSma rAga arthAt lobhakaSAya se yukta hotA hai, usako sUkSmasAmparAya nAmaka dazama guNasthAnavartI kahate haiN| mohanIyakarma kA kSaya yA upazama karake AtmArthI sAdhaka anya samasta kaSAyoM ko naSTakara detA hai aura kevala lobha kaSAya kA atizaya sUkSma aMza hI usake zeSa raha jAtA hai| jo mohanIyakarma kI 20 prakRtiyoM kA kSaya karatA huA isa guNasthAna meM AyA hai, vaha kSapakazreNI vAlA isa guNasthAna meM zeSa bace sUkSma lobha kaSAya kI sattA vyucchitti karake 12veM guNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai aura jo navama guNasthAna meM mohanIyakarmaprakRti kA upazama karake upazamazreNI para ArUr3ha hokara isa guNasthAna meM AyA hai vaha sUkSma lobha kA upazama karake upazAntakaSAya nAmaka 11veM guNasthAna meM calA jAtA hai| upazAntakaSAyavItarAgachadmasthaguNasthAna (upazAntamoha:-) upazamazreNI vAlA jIva cAritramoha kA upazama kara upazAntamoha nAmaka guNasthAna ko prApta hotA hai| nirmalI phala se yukta jala kI taraha athavA zaradaRtu ke upara se svaccha ho jAne vAle sarovara ke jala kI taraha mohanIyakarma ke pUrNa upazama se utpanna hone vAle nirmala pariNAmoM se yukta AtmadazA ko upazAntakaSAyavItarAgachadmastha nAmaka 11vA~ guNasthAna kahA hai| isameM aupazamika yathAkhyAtacAritra prakaTa hotA hai| isa guNasthAna meM ArohaNa karane vAlA sAdhaka mohanIyakarma kI 28 prakRtiyoM kA pUrNa upazama karake antarmuhUMta kAla paryanta isa sthiti meM rahakara isa samaya sImA ke bAda punaH ukta karma prakRtiyoM ke udaya meM Ane se nizcita rUpa se nIce ke guNasthAnoM meM gira jAtA hai usakA giranA do prakAra se hotA hai| kAlakSaya aura bhvkssy| jo kAlakSaya se giratA hai vaha 10-9-8 aura sAtaveM guNasthAna meM krama se AtA hai aura jo bhavakSaya se giratA hai vaha sIdhA cauthe meM AtA hai yA prathama guNasthAna meM bhI A jAtA hai| kSINakaSAyavItarAgachadmasthaguNasthAna (kSINamoha): kaSAya (moha) kA pUrNakSaya hone ko kSINakaSAya yA kSINamoha kahate haiN| kaSAya kSaya se vItarAga hote haiM jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa Adi rahate haiM ataH kSadmastha haiN| jo kSINakaSAya vItarAga hote hue chadmastha hote haiM unheM kSINakaSAyavItarAgachadmastha kahate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM AyA huA chadmastha pada anta dIpaka hai arthAt Age chadmasthapanA nahIM rhegaa| jisa nirgrantha kA citta mohanIyakarma ke sarvathA kSINa ho jAne se sphaTika ke nirmala pAtra meM rakhe hue jala ke samAna nirmala ho gayA hai usako kSINakaSAya guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| mohanIyakarma ke na rahane se eka antamuhUrta meM zeSa ghAtikarmo kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| antima kSaNa meM kevalajJAna prApta kara 13veM kA svAmI ho jAtA hai| sayogakevalI: isa guNasthAna ke adhiSThAtA arihanta jinendra haiN| AcArya kahate haiM-26 "jinake
Page #356
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 68 jainadarzana meM guNasthAnaH eka anucintana kevalajJAnarUpI sUrya kI avibhAga" praticcheda rUpa kiraNoM ke samUha se ajJAna andhakAra sarvathA naSTa ho gayA hai aura jinako nava kevalalabdhiyoM ke prakaTa hone se paramAtmA saMjJA prApta ho jAtI hai, unheM indriya kI apekSA na hone ke kAraNa aura jJAna darzana prakaTa hone se kevalI aura mana, vacana, kAya rahane ke kAraNa sayoga tathA ghAtiyAkarmoM ko jItane se jina kahA jAtA hai| bArahaveM guNasthAna ke anta taka una yogI ke vesaTha karmaprakRtiyoM ke naSTa hone se ananta catuSTaya prApta haiM, kintu vaha yoga se yukta haiN| ataH vaha saMyogakevalI arihanta paramAtmA jina haiN| ayogakevalI: jo yoga rahita hokara kevalI haiM, ve ayogakevalI kahalAte haiN| jina yogI ke karmoM ke Ane ke dvAra rUpa Asrava sarvathA avaruddha ho gaye haiM tathA sattva aura udaya rUpa avasthA ko prApta karmarUpI raja ke sarvathA nirjara ho jAne se karmo se sarvathA mukta hone ke sammukha A gayA hai| usa yoga rahita kevalI ko caudahaveM guNasthAnavartI ayogakevalI kahate haiN| isa guNasthAna meM kAya aura vAkvyApAra nirUddha hone ke sAtha hI sAtha manoyAga bhI pUrI taraha naSTa ho jAtA hai| isI meM aghAtiyA karma kI upAntya samaya meM 72 aura anta samaya meM 13 karma prakRti naSTa ho jAtI hai| jIva 85 karma prakRtiyoM ke naSTa hone para pUrNa zuddhAvasthA prApta kara siddhAtmA bana ajara amaratA ko prApta hote haiN| guNasthAnoM meM AtmA kA vikAsa hotA hai kintu sarvathA nahIM hai prathama guNasthAnavartI mithyAdRSTi puruSArtha pUrvaka karmo ko halkA kara puNya yoga se samyagdarzana prApta kara caturthaguNasthAna yA vrata sahita hone para paMcama yA saptama meM pahuMcatA hai| kadAcita prathamopazama aviratasamyagdRSTi girA to tIsare samyagmithyAdRSTi meM Akara prathama meM bhI pahuMca jAtA hai sAdi mithyAdRSTi tIsare se cauthe meM bhI pahuMcatA hai| dvitIyopazama karake upazamazreNI ArohaNa karake patita bhI hotA hai kSapakazreNI kA ArohaNa kara siddhAvasthA ko prApta karatA hai| guNasthAna saMsAra dazA ke pariNAma hI haiN| siddha bhagavAn guNasthAnAtIta hote haiN| saMdarbha: 1. dhavala pustakA pRSTha 163 2. dehAdiSu aNurattA visayAsattA ksaaysNjutaa| appasahAve suttA smmpricttaa|| rayaNasAra 106 3. bahirAtmA tu prathamaM mithyAdRSTiguNasthAnameva naatikrmte| jainadarzanasAra pR. 9 mithyAdRSTiguNasthAne saMvaronAsti dravya saM0 gAthA 34 kI ttiikaa| 5. dhavala pu0 1 gAthA 106, pRSTha 106 evaM 162 6. AsAdanaM samyaktvavirAdhanaM saha AsAdanena vartata iti sAsAdano vinaashitsmygdrshno'praapt| mithyAtvakarmodayajanitapariNAmo mithyAtvabhimukhaH sAsAdana iti bhaNyate gha0 1/1/10 pR0 163 7. sammattyaNapavvayasiharAdo micchbhuumismbhimuho| NAsiyasammatto so sAsaNaNamo munneyvvo|| dhavala 1/1/11/116, pR0-108 8. ja0 dha0 pu0 4 pRSTha-24 9. dhavala pu04 pRSTha-11
Page #357
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 10. AdimasammattaddhA samayAdo chAvalitti vA sese| aNaaNNadarudayAdo NAsiyasammotti sAsaNakkho so|| go0jI0 19 11. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 21 12. jo saddahadi jiNuttaM sayAiTThi avido| No iMdiyeSu virado No jIve varetase vApi, dhavala 1/1/12 13. tattvArthavArtika 9/1/15 pRSTha-586 14. dhavala 1/1/13 15. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa 16. saMjalaNa NokasANudayAdo saMjado have jmhaa| malajaNaNapamAdo viya tamhA hu pamattavirado so|| vattAvattapamAde jo vasai pamattasaMjado hodi| sayalaguNa sIlakalio mahavvaI cittlaayrnno|| vikahA tahA kasAyA iMdiya NiddA taheva paNayo y| cadu-cadu paNamegegaM hoMti pamAdA du pnnnnrs|| go0jI0 32-34 samyagdarzanAdiSu gaNuzIleSu kuzalAnuSThAneSu anavadhAnamanAdaraH pramAda iti lakSaNasya vikathAdiSu paJcadazaSvapi vidymaantvaat| pramAdyati jIvaH kuzalAnuSThanAt pracyavate aneneti pramAda iti nirukti sada bhAvAt (ma0pra0 TIkA 34) 17. (ka) pamatto va so saMjamo ya so pamatta saMjamo a? paccakkhANAvaraNodayarahio saMjalaNANaM udae vaTaThamANe pamANasahio pmttsNjo| vikahAkasAyavikaDe indiya-NiddA-pamAya pNcviho| ee sAmanantare jutto viraovi hu pmtto|| jaharAgeNapamatto pamattavirao tti nnaayvvo|| zataka cU0pR0 8/1 (kha) pramAdyati sma saMyamayogeSu sIdati smeti| pUrvavat kartari ktapratyaye pramattaH athavA pramadanaM pramattaH, pramattaH pramAdaH sa ca madirAviSaya-kaSAya-nidrA vikathAnAM paJcAnAmananyatamaH sarve vaa| zataka hemavRtti 9 pRSTha-1612 18. autsargika sacelakyaM locovyutsRSTa dehtaam| pratilekhanamityeva liMgayuktaM cturvidhm||muulaacaar 19. adhuvvakaraNa paviTaTha suddhisaMjadesu atthi uvasamA khyaa| dhavalA pu0 1 pRSTha-180 20. aNiyaTiTha vAdara sAMparAiya paviTTha suddhisaMjadesu atthi uvsmaakhyaa| SaTkhaNDAgama 1/17 21. dhudakosuMbhayavatthaM hohi jahA suhumraaysNjuttN| evaM suhumakasAo suhumasarAyotti nnaadvv|| go.jI. 59 22. dhavala 1/1/20 pRSTha-188 23. gommaTasAra jI0 gAthA 61 24. dhavala 1/1/20 pRSTha 190 25. NissesakhINamohI phalihAmala bhAyaNudaya smcitto| khINakasAo bhaNNadi NiggaMtho viiyraayehi|| go0jI0 62 26. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 63-64 27. jaghanya aMza jisa kA dUsarA Tukar3A nahIM hotA usako avibhAgI praticcheda kahate haiN| 28. dhavana 1/1/22 pRSTha-192 29. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 65 30. dhavala pRSTha 1 pR0 193 - adhyakSa saMskRta vibhAga di0 jaina kaoNleja, bar3auta (u.pra.) 250611
Page #358
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA vRtti (TIkA) kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -DaoN. eca. sI. jaina DaoN. indubAlA jaina (Daboka) prAkRta sAhitya meM Agama, cUrNI, bhASya, carita evaM kathA sAhitya likhe gye| IsavI pUrva 5vIM 6ThI zatAbdI se lekara Aja taka sAhitya likhe jA rahe haiN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra para eka TIkA likhI gayI hai jise sukhabodha TIkA kahA gayA hai| yaha TIkA zAntisUri kI ziSyahitA TIkA para AdhArita hai lekina svataMtra rUpa se likhI gayI hai| ise AcArya nemicandrasUri ne 11vIM zatAbdI meM likhA hai| uttarAdhyayana 36 adhyayana meM varNita sUtroM para saMskRta meM TIkA likhI hai kintu sAtha meM zabda meM vyApta kathA Adi kI prAkRta meM vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| yaha grantha prakAzita hai kintu isakA hindI anuvAda evaM zodha kArya abhI taka nahIM huA hai| mUla grantha ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha grantha 12000 zloka pramANa hai| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhAvRtti ke prAraMbha meM tIrthakara, siddha, sAdhu evaM zruta devatA ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke anta meM gaccha, gurUbhrAtA, vRttiracanA kA sthAna samaya Adi kA nirdeza bhI lekhaka ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki lekhaka ne apane gurU bhrAtA muni candrasUri kI preraNA se prastuta vRtti kI racanA kii| isa TIkA (vRtti) kI racanA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate hue svayaM nemicandra sUri (devendragaNi likhate haiM AtmasmRtaye vakSye jar3amati saMkSepa rUci hitaarthyaay| ekaikArtha nibaddhAM vRttiM zubhasya sukhbodhaay|| bahavarthAda vRDhakRtAd gaMbhIrAd vivaraNAt smuddhRty| adhyanAmuttara puurvaannaaNmkepaatthgtaam|| bauddhavyAni yatoDayaM, praarmbhogmnikaamaatrm| arthAt mandamati aura saMkSipta rUci pradhAna pAThakoM ke lie maiMne anekArtha gambhIra vivaraNa se pAThAntaroM aura arthAntaroM se dUra rahakara isa TIkA kI racanA kI hai| arthAntaroM aura pAThAntaroM ke jAla se mukta hone ke kAraNa isa TIkA kI sukhabodha TIkA saMjJA sArthaka bhI hai|' isa TIkA (vRtti) meM choTI-bar3I sabhI milAkara 125 prAkRta kathAe~ varNita hai| ina kathAoM meM romAMsa paramparA pracalita manoraMjaka vRtAnta, jIva-jantu, jaina sAdhuoM ke AcAra kA mahattva pratipAdana karane vAlI, nIti upadezAtmaka kathAe~ varNita haiN| kathAnAka rUr3hiyoM ko pratipAdana karane vAlI kathAe~ jaise:- rAjakumArI kA vAnarI bana jAnA, kisI rAjakumArI kA hAthI dvArA bhagAkara jaMgala meM le jAnA aisI hI kathAe~ rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM meM
Page #359
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 71 bhI varNita hai| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA vRtti prAkRta kathAe~ vidvAnoM ke lie AkarSaNa kA viSaya rahI hai| jarmanI ke prasiddha vidvAn DaoN. phIke ne "sAmyasutta' nAmaka prAkRta kathA para apanA zodhapUrNa nibandha likhA hai| yaha kathA isI vRtti se lI gayI hai| isI taraha DaoN. harmana jekobI ne mahArASTrIya kathAe~ nAmaka apane nibandha meM uttarAdhyayana vRtti se naI kathAe~ lekara una para zodhapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| uttarAdhyayana vRtti kI ina kathAoM meM se sAta kathAoM kA saMkalana muni jinavijaya jI ne prAkRta kathA saMgraha ke nAma se vikrama saMvat 1978 meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita kiyA hai| prAkRta kathAoM kI pracuratA ke kAraNa haribhadra zailI kA anusaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai| vairAgyarasa se pariplAvita brahmadatta aura agar3adatta jaisI kathAoM ke saMyoga se isa suvizAla TIkA meM jAna A gayI hai aura vibhinna granthoM aura gAthAoM ke udAharaNa ke kAraNa tathA nAnA viSayoM kI vivecanA ke kAraNa isakI sArvajanika upayogitA siddha huI hai| AcArya nemicandra sUri ne uttarAdhyayana ke prathamAzoM kI jitanI vistRta TIkA kI hai| uttarAMzoM kI TIrakA meM utanA vistAra nahIM hai| antima 12,13 adhyayanoM kI TIkA adhika saMkSipta hotI gayI hai usameM na koI vizeSa kathAe~ na koI anya uddharaNa hI hai| uttarAdhyayana sukhabodha TIkA sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| usameM tatkAlIna samAja aura saMskRti ke sambandha meM vividha sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina evaM devendramuni ne isa TIkA kI sAMskRtika sAmagrI para kucha prakAza DAlA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA TIkA se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI usakA jyeSTa putra hotA thaa| virakta hone para laghu putra ko rAjya de diyA jAtA thaa| rAjakumAra yadi durvyasanoM meM phaMsa jAtA to use deza nikAlA bhI de dete the| vivAha ke samaya tithi aura murhata bhI dekhe jAte the| choTI-choTI bAtoM ke lie patniyoM ko chor3a dene kI bhI prathA thii| eka vaNik ne apanI patnI ko isalie chor3a diyA ki vaha sArA dina zarIra kI sAja-sajjA kiyA karatI thI aura ghara kA bilkula dhyAna nahIM rakhatI thI sAmAnya striyoM ke atirikta vezyAoM kA bhI sammAna thaa| vezyAeM nagara kI zobhA, rAjAoM kI AdaraNIya aura rAjadhAnI kI ratna mAnI jAtI thii| isa sukhabodha TIkA meM aneka roga aura unakI paricaryA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yathA- zvAsa, khA~sI, jvara, dAha, udarazUla, bhagaMdara, arza, ajIrNa, dRSTizUla, mukharazUla, arUci, akSivedanA, khAja, karNa-zUla, jalodara aura koddh|" cikitsA ke mukhya cAra pAda mAne gaye haiM:- 1. vaidya, 2. rogI, 3. auSadhi aura 4. praticaryA karane vaale| isa vRtti se zikSA evaM vidhAoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai ki vidyAthI kA jIvana sAdA thaa| kitane hI vidyArthI adhyApaka ke ghara para rahakara par3hate the aura kitane hI dhanavAnoM ke yahA~ apane khAne-pIne kA prabandha kara lete the| kauzAmbI nagarI ke brAhmaNa kAzyapa putra kA putra kapila zrAvastI meM par3hane ke lie gayA, aura kalAcArya ke
Page #360
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodhA vRtti (TIkA) kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sahayoga se apane bhojana kA prabandha vahAM ke dhanI zAlIbhadra ke yahAM para kiyaa| vidyArthI kA samAja meM bahuta sammAna thaa| jaba koI vidyAdhyayana samApta kara ghara jAtA taba usakA sArvajanika sammAna kiyA jAtA thaa| nagara ko sajAyA jAtA thaa| rAjA bhI usake svAgata ke lie sAmane jAtA thaa| use bar3e Adara ke sAtha lAkara itanA upahAra samarpita karate ki jIvanabhara use Arthika dRSTi se parezAnI nahIM uThAnI pdd'tii| bahattara kalAoM meM zikSaNa kA pracalana thaa| samudra yAtrA ke bhI kaI varNana isa vRtti meM upalabdha hai| vyApArI apanA mAla bhara kara naukAoM va jahAjoM se dUra dUra dezoM meM jAte the| kabhI- kabhI tUphAna Adi ke kAraNa naukA TUTa jAtI thI aura sArA mAla pAnI meM baha jAtA thaa| jahAja ke valaya-mukha meM praviSTa hone kA bahuta bhaya thaa| jaba vyApArI dUra deza meM vyApAra karane jAte taba unheM vahA~ ke rAjA kI anumati prApta karanI par3atI thii| jo mAla dUsare dezoM se AtA thA usakI jAMca karane ke lie vyaktiyoM kA eka vizeSa samUha hotA thaa|" kara bhI vasUla kiyA jAtA thaa| kara vasUla karane vAloM ko sUMkapAla (zulkapAla) kahA jAtA thaa| vyApAriyoM ke mAla asabAba para bhI kara lagAyA jAtA thaa| vyApArI loga zulka se bacane ke lie apanA mAla chipAte the| isa vRtti se jJAta hotA hai ki taba samAja meM kaI aparAdha hote the| aparAdha meM caurya-karma pramukha thaa| coroM ke aneka varga idhara-udhara kAryarata rahate the| logoM ko coroM kA AtaMka hamezA banA rahatA thaa| coroM ke aneka prakAra the| kitane hI cora itane niSThura hote the ki ve curAyA huA mAla chipAne ko apane kuTumbIjanoM ko bhI mAra dete the| eka cora apanA sampUrNa dhana eka kue~ meM rakhatA thaa| eka dina usakI patnI ne use dekha liyA, bheda khulane ke bhaya se usane apanI patnI ko hI mAra diyaa| usakA putra cillAyA aura logoM ne use pakar3a liyaa| isa prakAra anya kitane hI tathya isa vRtti meM upalabdha hai, jo tatkAlIna sAMskRtika jIvana ko spaSTa karate haiN| isa vRtti kI kaI kathAe~ bhI bahuta lokapriya huI hai| sagara putra, sanatkumAra, brahmadatta, mUladeva, maMDita evaM agaDadatta Adi kI kathAe~ bahuta manoraMjaka haiN| isa prakAra sukhabodhA TIkA atyanta sarala, subodha evaM mArmika hai| isameM bhASA zailI kI rocakatA ke sAtha-sAtha kathAoM evaM sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isa para zodhakArya kiyA jA rahA hai| tabhI Amajana ke lie upayogI siddha hogii| saMdarbha:1. zrIvIjayomAMgasUri dvArA sampAdita Atmavallabha granthAvalI valAda, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita sukhbodhvRtti| 2. pUrvoddhata jinabhAsita zruta sthavira sndbdhaani| vahI pR.| 3. sAdhvI, saMghamitrA, jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya, pR. 311 4. vistAra ke lie dekheM, vinTaranitsa, hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara, bhAga-2 5. jaina, jagadIzacandra, jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratI samAja, pR. 35
Page #361
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 6. zAstrI, devendra muni, bhagavAn mahAvIra eka anuzIlana, pR. 55 7. uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA (vRtti) TIkA, pR. 84 8. vahI, pR. 142 9. vahI, pR. 97 10. vahI, pR. 64 11. (a) vahI, pR. 163 (ba) muni, AcArya devendra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anuzIlana, pR. 55, pairA 2 12 (a) uttarAdhyayana vRtti (sukhabodhA TIkA), pR. 269 (ba) muni, AcArya devendra, bhagavAna mahAvIra eka anuzIlana, pR. 56, pairA 3 13. vahI, pR. 124 14. (a) vahI, pR. 57 (ba) uttarAdhyayanavRtti, pR. 123 15. vahI, pR. 318 16. vahI, pR. 252 17. vahI, pR. 65 18. vahI, pR. 71 19. vahI, pR. 64 20. vahI, pR. 149 21. vahI, pR. 81 22. muni, jinavijaya, prAkRta kathA saMgraha, vi. saMvat 2018 -saha AcArya (jainAlojI evaM prAkRta vibhAga) mohanalAla sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura (rAjasthAna)
Page #362
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya -DaoN. sArikA tyAgI zrAvaka zabda kA artha zrAvaka zabda kA sAmAnya artha zrotA yA sunane vAlA hai| jo jinendra bhagavAna ke vacanoM ko evaM unake anuyAyI guruoM ke upadeza ko zraddhApUrvaka sAvadhAnI se sunatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai kahA bhI gayA hai "avAptadRSTayAdi vizuddhasampat paraM smaacaarmnuprbhaatm| zrRNoti yaH sAdhujanAdatandrastaM zrAvakaM prAhuramIra jinendraaH||''99 arthAt samyagdarzana Adi vizuddha sampatti ko prApta jo vyakti prAta:kAla se hI sAdhujana se unakI samAcAra vidhi ko Alasya rahita hokara sunatA hai, jinendra bhagavAnoM ne use zrAvaka kahA hai| zrAvaka zabda kI eka nirUkti bhI prApta hotI hai, jisameM zra, va aura ka varNoM ko kramazaH zraddhA, viveka aura kriyA kA pratIka mAnakara zraddhAvAn vivekazIla evaM aNuvratI gRhastha ko zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| yathA "zranti pacanti tattvArthazraddhAnaM niSThAM nayantIti zrAH tathA vapanti guNavatsaptakSetreSu dhanabIjAni nikSipantIti vAH tathA kiranti kliSTakarmarajo vikSipantIti kAH, tataH karmadhAraye zrAvakA iti bhvitH|"2 arthAt zrAvaka zabda meM prayukta 'zrA' zabda tattvArthazraddhAna kI sUcanA detA hai, 'va' zabda sapta dharma kSetroM meM dhana rUpI bIjoM ko bone kI preraNA karatA hai aura 'ka' zabda kliSTa karma yA mahAn pApoM ko dUra karane kI sUcanA detA hai isa prakAra se karmadhAraya samAsa karane para nirukti ke rUpa meM zrAvaka zabda niSpanna ho jAtA hai| zrAvaka kI anya saMjJAyeM zraddhAvAn gRhastha ko bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para zrAvaka, upAsaka, AgArI, dezavratI, dezasaMyamI Adi nAmoM se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaugika dRSTi se ina nAmoM ke arthoM meM antara hai, tathApi sAmAnyataH ye ekArthaka yA paryAyavAcI mAne jAte haiN| dezavratI yA dezasaMyamI paJcama guNasthAnavartI zrAvaka kI hI saMjJA ho sakatI hai, caturtha guNasthAnavartI kI nhiiN| Agama aura zrAvakAcAroM meM zrAvaka zabda ko aneka nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai- upAsaka, zrAvaka, dezasaMyamI, AgArI, zramamopAsaka, sadgRhastha, sAgAra aadi| AcArya jinasena kRta AdipurANa meM bhI 'zrAvaka' ke liye upAsaka, gRhastha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai|' upAsaka kA artha upAsanA karane vAlA hotA hai jo manuSya vItarAga deva kI nitya
Page #363
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 75 pUjA upAsanA karatA hai, nirgrantha guruoM kI sevA vaiyAvRtya meM tatpara rahatA hai aura satyArtha dharma kI ArAdhanA karate hue use yathAzakti dhAraNa karatA haiuse upAsaka kahA jAtA hai| zramaNoM kI upAsanA karane vAle kI apekSA zramaNopAsaka, satyArtha dharma kI sAdhanA karane vAlA hone se sAgAra kahalAtA hai, yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA ye saba nAma paryAyavAcI mAne gaye haiN| tathApi yaugika dRSTi se paraspara vizeSatA hone se alaga-alaga nAma ullikhita hai| zrAvaka aNuvratI va ratnatraya kA pAlaka hotA hai aura ratnatraya kA dhAraka hone se hIuse zrAvaka saMjJA dI gayI hai| AcArya kundakunda deva ne gRhastha sAdhu ke lie 'sAvaya' (zrAvaka) aura sAgAra zabda prayukta kiye haiN| unhoMne zrAvaka ko sagrantha arthAt parigraha sahita saMyamAcaraNa kA upadeza diyA hai| paMcANuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvrata isa taraha bAraha prakAra kA saMyamAcaraNa batAkara dezavirata zrAvaka ko darzana, vrata sAmAyika Adi bAraha zreNiyA~ bhI batAyI hai|' vratI zrAvaka ke liye upAsaka zabda prAcInakAla meM bahuza: pracalita rahA hai| isI kAraNa gRhastha ke AcAra viSayaka granthoM kA nAma prAyaH upAsakAdhyayana yA upAsakAcAra rahA hai| svAmI samantabhadra dvArA nirmita ratnakaraNDa ko bhI usake saMskRta TIkAkAra AcArya prabhAcandra ne 'ratnakaraNDakanAmni upAsakAdhyayane' vAkya meM ratnakaraNDa nAmaka upAsakAdhyayana hI kahA hai| ghara meM rahane ke kAraNa gRhastha kI sAgAra saMjJA hai| ise gRhI, gRhamedhI nAma bhI prayukta hue haiN| yahA~ gRha vastrAdi ke prati Asakti kA upalakSaNa pratIta hotA hai| aNuvrata rUpa dezasaMyama ko dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa zrAvaka kI dezasaMyamI, dezavratI aura aNuvratI bhI kahA gayA hai| SaD Avazyaka karttavya nitya ke avazyakaraNIya rUpa karttavyoM ko 'Avassaya' yA Avazyaka kahate haiN| sAmAnyataH avaza kA artha akAma, anicchu, svAdhIna, svataMtra, rAgadveSa se rahita tathA indriyoM kI AdhInatA se rahita hotA hai tathA ina guNoM se yukta arthAt jitendriya vyakti kI avazyakaraNIya kriyAoM ko Avazyaka kahate haiN| mUlAcAra meM AcArya vaTTakera ne kahA hai 'Na vaso avaso avassa kammamAvAsagaM tti bodhaNvA / 5 arthAt jo rAgadveSAdi ke vaza meM nahIM hotA vaha avaza hai tathA usa (avaza) kA AcAraNa yA karttavya Avazyaka kahalatA hai| zrAvakoM kA pratidina karane vAle chaH Avazyaka batalAye haiN| ina AvazyakoM meM parivartana bhI hue haiN| AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArtha siddhyupAya meM muniyoM ke SaDAvazyakoM ko hI yathAzakti gRhasthoM ke lie karaNIya mAnA hai jinapuMgavapravacane munIzvarANAM yduktmaacrnnm| sunirupya nijAM padavIM zaktiM ca niSevyametadapi / / " hai yazastilaka campU meM zrI somadeva sUri paDAvazyakoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA
Page #364
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya devasevA gurUpAstiH svAdhyAyaH sNymstpH| dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaT karmANi dine dine| mahApurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne zrAvaka ke karane yogya SaT Avazyaka kriyAoM kA varNana kiyA hai, unhoMne kahA hai ki bharatarAja ne upAsakAdhyayana nAmaka aMga se una vratI logoM ke lie ijyA (pUjA) vArtA, datti (dAna), svAdhyAya, saMyama aura tapa kA upedaza diyA hai| cAritrasAra meM pUre chaH Avazyaka jinasena kI taraha kI haigRhasthasyejyA vArtA dattiH svAdhyAya saMyamaH tapa ityAryaSaT karmANi bhvnti| cAritrasAra meM yaha bAta alaga hai ki SaDAvazyakoM ko pAlane vAle gRhastha do prakAra ke hote haiM- jAti kSatriya aura tIrtha ksstriy| jAti kSatriya, brAhmaNa, vaizya aura zUdra ke bheda se cAra prakAra hai| tIrtha kSatriya apanI AjIvikA ke bheda se aneka prAra ke haiN| padmanandipaJcaviMzatikA meM bhI devapUjA, guru upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna ye cha: karma hI batalAye haiN| praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM yatnapUrvaka, mRtyu para bhI SaDAvazyaka karaNIya mAne gaye haiN| inhoMne samatA, vandanA dAna, kAyotsarga, saMyama aura dhyAna ko alaga-alaga zlokoM meM SaDAvazyaka mAnA hai| dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya jinasena ke samAna hI ijyA, vArtA, tapa, dAna, svAdhyAya tathA saMyama ina chaH karmoM ko pratidina karane vAloM ko gRhastha mAnA hai|" kundakunda zrAvakAcAra meM sabase alaga saMkhyA nirdhArita kI aura zrAvakoM ke dasa gRhastha dharma batalAye haiM dayA dAnaM dayo deva-pUjA bhaktirgurau kssmaa| satyaM zaucastapo'steyaM dharmo'yaM gRhmedhinaam||12 arthAt dayA, dAna, indriyadamana, deva-pUjana, gurubhakti, kSamA, satya, zauca, tapa, acaurya yaha gRhasthoM kA dharma kahA gayA hai| yadyapi inheM yahA~ Avazyaka zabda se nahIM kahA gayA tathApi kahI bhI SaDAvazyakoM kA pRthak ullekha na hone ke kAraNa hama inhIM ko dazAvazyaka mAna lete haiN| padmakRta zrAvakAcAra meM punaH unhIM SaDAvazyakoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jo muniyoM meM hote haiM1. devapUjA devadarzana hI samyagdarzana kA nimitta hai, deva pUjA ko zrAvakoM ko pratidina karane vAle AvazyakoM meM rakhakara anivArya mAnA gyaa| AcAryoM ne devapUjA ke bAre meM eka svara meM samarthana diyaa| deva pUjA kI vidhiyoM meM yadyapi kucha antara dikhAyI dete haiM kintu ve sabhI zrAvaka ko dharma se jor3ane rakhane hetu Avazyaka jAna par3e isaliye unakA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| deva pUjA gRhasthoM kA Avazyaka karttavya hai| AcArya samantabhadra kahate haiM- gRhastha ko AdarapUrvaka nitya sarvakAmanAoM ke pUrNa karane vAle aura kAmavikAra ko jalAne vAle devAdhideva jinendra bhagavAn kI pUjA arcanA jarUra karanI caahie| mahApurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne, arhanta deva kI pUjA ke lie pAMca prakAra batAye haiM, ve pAMca prakAra haiM
Page #365
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 (1) nitya-maha (sadArpaNa) pratidina apane ghara se jinAlaya meM le jAye gaye gaMdha akSata Adi ke dvArA jina bhagavAn kI pUjA nityamaha kahalAtA hai| bhakti se jinabimba aura jinAlaya Adi kA nirmANa karAnA tathA unake saMrakSaNa ke liye grAma Adi kA rAjya zAsana ke anusAra, paMjIkaraNa karake dAna denA bhI nityamaha kahalAtA hai| apanI zakti ke anusAra, munIzvaroM kI nityaAhAra Adi dAna ke sAtha jo pUjA kI jAtI hai vaha bhI nityamaha kahalAtI hai| 14 (2) caturmukha - maha ( mahAmaha, sarvatobhadra ) 77 mahAmukuTa - baddha rAjAoM ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI mahApUjA ko caturmukha - yaha Adi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA hai| 15 (3) kalpadruma-maha ( kalpavRkSa-yajJa ) cakravartiyoM ke dvArA " tuma loga kyA cAhate ho?" isa prakAra yAcaka janoM se pUcha-pUchakara jagat kI AzA ko pUrNa karane vAlA kimicchaka dAna diyA jAtA hai, vaha kalpadruma maha yA kalpavRkSa yajJa kahalAtA hai / " (4) ( ASTAhnika- maha ) ASTAhikA parva meM sAmAnyajanoM ke dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA pUjana, ASTAhika- maha kahalAtA hai| 7 17 (5) indradhvaja - maha uparyukta cAroM prakAra kI pUjanoM ke dvArA indroM ke dvArA kI jAne vAlI mahAna pUjA ko indradhvaja maha kahate haiM, Aja ke yuga meM pratimA kI pratiSThA ke nimitta pratiSThAcAryo ke dvArA jo paMcakalyANaka pUjA kI jAtI hai, use indradhvaja - maha kahA jAtA hai| isake alAvA bhI jo pUjana kiyA jAtA hai, una sabakA samAveza ina pAMca bhedoM meM ho jAtA hai| AcArya jinasena isa vidhi se yukta mahAn pUjana ko SaT AvazyakoM (karttavyoM) meM ijyA vRtti (deva pUjana) kahate haiN|" deva pUjA ke do rUpa batAte hue AcArya kahate haiM ki eka to puSpAdi meM jina bhagavAn kI sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAtI hai, dUsare jinabimboM meM jin bhagavAn kI sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAtI hai, anya dUsare matoM kI pratimAoM meM jinendradeva kI sthApanA karake pUjA nahIM karanI caahie| isa prakAra atadAkAra aura tadAkAra pUjana ke ( atadAkAra) jinendradeva kI sthApanA karake pUjana karate haiN| usakI pUjA vidhi batAte hue kahate haiM ki pUjA vidhi ke jJAtAoM ko sadA arhanta aura siddha ko madhya meM AcArya ko dakSiNa meM, upAdhyAya ko pazcima meM, sAdhu ko uttara meM aura pUrva ko samyagdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko krama meM bhojapatra para lakar3I ke pATiye para, vastra para zilAtala para reta se banI bhUmi para, pRthvI, AkAza meM aura hRdaya mateM sthApita karanA cAhie, phira pUjA karanI caahie|" isake bAda pratimA meM sthApanA karake tadAkAra pUjana karane kI vidhi AcAryoM ne btaayii| AcArya ne deva pUjA ke chaH prakAra batalAye haiM
Page #366
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya ___1. prastAvanA, 2. purAkarma, 3. sthApanA, 4. sannidhApana, 5. pUjA, 6. pUjA kA phala 2. guru pUjA gurubhakti bhAratIya saMskRti meM prAcInakAla se hI vikhyAta hai| sabhI jaina AcAryoM ne guru bhakti ko zrAvakoM kA Avazyaka karttavya mAnA hai| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne satyArtha guru kA lakSaNa diyA hai, ve kahate haiM ki jo paMcendriyoM kI AzA ke vaza meM rahita ho, khetI-pazu-pAlana Adi AraMbha se rahita ho, jJAnAbhyAsa, dhyAna, samAdhi aura tapazcaraNa meM nirata ho aise tapasvI nirgrantha guru prazaMsanIya hote haiN| paNDita medhAvI ne dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM kahA hai ki darzanAcAra, jJAnAcAra Adi paMca prakAra ke AcAra se yukta sUri (AcArya) dvAdazAMga zAstra ko jAnane vAle upAdhyAya tathA apanI AtmA kI prApti ke liye prayatna karane vAle sAdhu (muni) ye saba pUjana yogya hai| praznottarazrAvakAcAra meM nirgrantha arthAt parigraha rahita ko hI guru mAnane ko kahA hai, anya kI nahIM 'nirgranthazca gururnAnya ettsmyktvmucyte|' dharmopadezapIyUSavarSa zrAvakAcAra meM bhI jo ratnatrayadhArI ho tathA svayaM ko evaM dUsaroM ko saMsAra se pAra lagAye unhIM guru ko pUjanIya mAnA hai santa te guravo nityaM ye sNsaar-sritptau| ratnatrayamahAnAvA sva-pareSAM ca taarkaaH||24 umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra meM kahA gayA hai ki guru ke binA bhavyajIvoM ko bhava se pAra utArane vAlA koI bhI nahIM hai aura na hI guru ke binA anya koI mokSamArga kA praNetA hI ho sakatA hai| ataH sajjanoM ko zrI guru kI sevA karanI caahie| guruM binA na ko'pyAsti bhavyAnAM bhvtaarkH| mokSamArgapraNetA ca sevyA'taH zrIguruH staam|| guruNAM guNayuktAnAM vidheyo vinayo mhaan| manovacanakAyaizca kRtkaaritsmmtaiH||25 arthAt guNoM se saMyukta guruoM kI mana-vacana-kAya se kRta kArita anumodanA se mahAn vinaya karanI caahie| padmanandipaJcaviMzatikA meM guru kI upAsanA kA suphala tathA nahIM karane para duSphala ina donoM kA hI varNana hai guroreva prasAdena labhyate jnyaanlocnm| samastaM dRzyate yena hastarekheva nistussm| ye gurUM naiva manyante tadupAstiM na kurvte| andhakAro bhavetteSAmudite'pi divaakre||26 arthAt guru ke prasAda se hI jJAna rUpa netra prApta hotA hai, jisake dvArA samasta vizvagata padArtha hastarekhA ke samAna spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| isaliye jJAnArthI gRhasthoM ko bhaktipUrvaka gurujanoM kI vaiyAvRtya aura vandanA Adi karanA caahiye| jo gurujanoM kA sammAna
Page #367
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 79 anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 nahIM karate haiM aura na hI unakA upAsanA hI karate haiM, sUrya ke udaya hone para bhI unake hRdaya meM ajJAnarUpa andhakAra banA hI rahatA hai| 3. svAdhyAya : 'svAdhyAyaH paramaM tapaH' - kahakara AcAryoM ne svAdhyAya ko tapa ke bhedoM meM ginA hai| yadyapi 'tapa' bhI SaDAvazyakoM meM hai| tathApi svAdhyAya kA mahattva itanA adhika hai to use pRthak sthAna dekara usakI anivAryatA mAnI hai| svAdhyAya sva-para kA bheda jJAna karavAne meM sabase bar3A nimitta hai| zeSa AvazyakoM ko saccI rItipUrvaka karane ke liye bhI svAdhyAya bahuta Avazyaka hai| dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra ke anusAra apane liye adhyayana karane ko svAdhyAya kahate haiM aura yahI svAdhyAya ajJAna kA nAza karane vAlA hai svAdhyAyAyo'dhyayanaM svasmai jainasUtrasya yuktitH| ajJAnapratikUlatvAttapaH sveSa paraM tpH||27 AcArya svAdhyAya ko mokSa kA kAraNa batAte hue kahate haiM ki svAdhyAya ke karane se jJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai, jJAna kI vRddhi hone se citta utkaTa vairAgyavAna hotA hai, vairAgya ke hone se aura parigraha kA tyAga hone se dhyAna hotA hai, dhyAna ke hone AtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai, AtmA kI upalabdhi hone se jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoM kA nAza hotA hai aura karmo kA nAza hI mokSa kahA jAtA hai| ataH yaha svAdhyAya paramparA se mokSa kahA jAtA hai| ataH yaha svAdhyAya paramparA se mokSa kA kAraNa hai| isalie bhavya puruSoM ko zaktyanusAra svAdhyAya avazya karanA caahiye| pUrvakAla meM jitane siddha hue haiM, AgAmI hoMge tathA vartamAna meM hone yogya haiM, ve saba niyama se isa svAdhyAya se hI hue haiM tathA hone vAle haiN| isalie saMsAra kA nAza karane vAlA yahI svAdhyAya mokSa kA kAraNa hai| ataH bhavya gRhasthoM ko svAdhyAya paramparA mokSa kA kAraNa jAnakara, ekAnta sthAna meM baiThakara, mana, vacana, kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka nitya tathA naimittika svAdhyAya karanA caahiye| 4. saMyama saMyama eka aisA Avazyaka hai jisameM sampUrNa zrAvakAcAra garbhita ho jAtA hai| sabhI vratoM ko apane meM saMjone vAle saMyama ko zrAvaka kA Avazyaka karttavya mAnA gayA hai| asaMyamI kA dharma ke kSetra meM koI mUlya nahIM hai| AcAryoM ne saMyama kI paribhASA tathA vyAkhyA vistAra se kI hai| cAritrasAra meM paJcANuvrata kA pAlana karanA hI saMyama kahA hai- 'saMyamaH pnycaannuvrtvrttnm'| umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra meM saMyama ke do bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue kahA hai ki saMyama do prakAra kA jAnanA cAhiye- 1. indriya saMyama, 2. prANI sNym| pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM ke viSayoM kI nivRtti karanA indriya saMyama hai aura cha: kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA karanA prANI saMyama hai| saMyamo dvividho jJeya aadhshcendrisNymH| indriyArthanivRttyuttho dvitIyaH praannisNymH||29 arthAt saMskRta-bhAvasaMgraha meM gRhasthoM ke eka deza saMyama kA lakSaNa kiyA hai
Page #368
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 80 prANinAM rakSaNaM predhA tthaakssprsraarhtH| ekAdezamiti prAhuH saMyama gRhamedhinAm // 30 arthAt prANiyoM kI mana, vacana, kAya se rakSA karanA aura indriyoM ke viSayoM meM bar3hate hue prasAra ko rokanA ise gRhasthoM kA ekadeza saMyama kahate haiN| 5. tapa zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya jisa prakAra sAdhuoM ke lie tapa Avazyaka hai usI prakAra gRhasthoM ke liye bhI vaha ekadezakaraNIya hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne antaraMga tapa aura bAhya tapa ke do bheda kiye haiM, ye donoM bhI chaH prakAra ka haiN| (1) antaraMga tapa vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, prAyazcita, utsarga, svAdhyAya aura dhyaan| (2) bahiraMga tapa- anazana, avamaudarya, vRttiparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza cAritrasAra meM bhI anazanAdi bAraha prakAra ke tapa svIkRta kiye gaye haiM'tapo'nazanAdidvAdazavidyAnuSThAnam ' sAgAradharmAmRta meM 'tapazcarya ca zaktitaH ' kahakara zakti ke anusAra tapa karane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| kundakunda zrAvakAcAra meM mithyA tapa kA bhI phala batAyA hai unhoMne kahA hai ki alpabuddhi puruSa loka pUjA, artha, lAbha aura apanI prasiddhi ke liye tapa karatA hai, vaha apane zarIra kA zoSaNa hI karatA hai, use usake tapa kA kucha bhI phala nahIM milatA hai pUjAlAbhaprasiddhyartha tapastapyeta yo'lpadhIH / zoSa evaM zarIrasya na tasya tapasaH phalam // 34 6. dAna mahApurANa meM AcArya jinasena ne dAna ke cAra bheda karate hue zrAvakoM keliye Avazyaka mAnA hai| dAna ke cAra bheda hai- 1. dayAdatti, 2 pAtradatti, 3. samadatti, 4. anvydtti| " (1) dayAdatti - anugraha karane ke yogya dayA ke pAtra dIna prANisamudAya para mana-vacana-kA kI nirmalatA ke sAtha anukampApUrvaka unake bhaya dUra karane ko vidvAn logoM ne dayAdatti kahA hai| * (2) pAtradatti- mahAn tapasvI sAdhujanoM ke pratigRha (paDigAhana) Adi navadyA bhaktipUrvaka AhAra, auSadha Adi kA denA pAtradatti kahA jAtA hai| 7 (3) samadatti kriyA, mantra aura vrata Adi se jo apane samAja hai, aise anya sAdharmI - bandhu ke liye saMsAratAraka uttama gRhastha ke lie bhUmi, suvarNa Adi denA samadatti hai tathA madhyamapAtra ko samAna sammAna kI bhAvanA se jo zraddhApUrvaka dAna diyA jA hai, vaha bhI samAnadatti hai| 38 (4) anvayadatti (sakaladatti) apane vaMza ko sthira rakhane ke liye putra ko kula dharma aura dhana ke sAtha jo kuTumba rakSA kA bhAra pUrNa rUpa se samarpaNa kiyA jAtA hai use sakaladatti kahate haiN| AcArya amitagati kahate haiM ki jise phala kI icchA
Page #369
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 81 hai use dAna dete samaya sadA hI pAtra, kupAtra aura apAtra ko jAnakara hI dAna denA caahie| uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya ke bheda se pAtra tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| 'pAtrakRpAtrApAtrANyavabudhya phalArthinA sadA deym|" 'pAtraM tattvapaTiSThairuttamamadhyamajaghanyabhedena / unameM tapasvI sAdhu uttamapAtra hai viratAvirata zrAvaka madhyama pAtra hai aura samyagdarzana sebhUSita vrata rahita jaghanya pAtra hai| 2 cAroM prakAra ke dAna ke alAvA paM. AzAdhara jI ne kanyAdAna ko bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai aura kahA hai ki gRhastha ke dvArA garbhAdhAna Adika kriyAoM kI tathA aneka maMtroM ko vrataniyamAdikoM kI rakSA kI AkAMkSA se sahadharmiyoM ke liye yathAyogya kanyAdika ko diyA jAnA caahie| dAtA kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahate Chong bhakti zraddhAsattva tuSTi jJAnAlaulya kSamA guNAH / navakoTivizuddhasya dAtA dAnasya yaH patiH // " arthAt navakoTi vizuddha dAna ko jo pati hai vaha dAtA hai| bhakti, zraddhA, sattva, tuSTi, jJAna, alaulya aura kSamA ye sAta dAtA ke guNa hai| dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra meM bhI sAgAra dharmAmRta ke samAna kanyAdAna ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA hai aura kahA gayA hai jisa dAtA ne apanI kulavatI kanyA kA dAna diyA hai to samajhanA cAhiye ki usane kanyAdAna lene vAle ko dharma, artha, kAma ke sAtha-sAtha gRhasthAzrama hI diyA hai, kyoMki gRhiNI (patnI) ko hI to ghara kahate haiN|" zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra meM dAna dene vAle dAtA ke uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya ye tIna bheda batAte hue kahA hai ki jo gRhastha apanI Aya ke cAra bhAga karake do bhAga to kuTumba ke bharaNa-poSaNa meM tIsarA bhAga bhaviSya ke liye saMcaya tathA cauthA bhAga dharma ke liye tyAgatA hai, vaha uttama (zreSTha) dAtA hai| apanI Aya chaH bhAga karake do bhAga kuTumba ke liye, tIna bhAga koza ke liye, chaThA bhAga dAna detA hai vaha madhyama dAtA hai| jo apanI Aya ke dasa bhAga karake chaH bhAga parivAra meM, tIna bhAga saMcaya meM, dazavA~ bhAga karma kArya meM lagAtA hai, vaha jaghanya dAtA hai| 45 saMdarbha sUcI : 1. abhidhAna rAjendra koza, saptama bhAga, sAvaya zabda, pR. 779 vahI, 2. 3. AdipurANa, 5/21-23 4. draSTavya, cAritrapAhuDa gAthA, pR. 20-25 5. mUlAcAra gAthA, 515 6. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 200 7. yazastilakacampU upAsakAdhyayana, 879 8. mahApurANa, aSTatriMzatparva zloka, 24 9. devapUjA gurupAstiH svAdhyAya: saMyamastapaH / dAnaM ceti gRhasthAnAM SaTkarmANi dine dine / padmanandipaMcaviMzatikA, 7
Page #370
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ zrAvaka aura unake SaD Avazyaka karttavya 10. praznottara zrAvakAcAra, 24/100-113 11. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, 6/26 12. kundakundazrAvakAcAra, 3/5 13. devAdhidevacaraNe paricaraNaM srvduHkhnirhrnnm| kAmaduhi kAmadAhini paricinuyAdAdRto nitym|| ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 119 14. mahApurANa, 27-29 15. mahAmukuTabaddhaizca kriyamANo mhaamhH| caturmukhaH sa vijJeyaH sarvatobhadra ityssi|| mahApurANa, 27/30 16. mahApurANa, 27/31 17. vahI, 27/32 18. vahI, 27/32 19. vahI, 27/33-34 20. yazastilaka campUgata upAsakAdhyayana, 8/448-449 21. prastAvanA purAkarma sthApanA sNnidhaapnm| pUjA pUjAphalaM ceti SaDvidhaM devsevnm|| upAsakAdhyayana, 8/495 22. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 10 23. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra, 43 24. dharmopadezapIyUSavarSazrAvakAcAra, 1/3 25. umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra, 193-194 26. padmandipaJcaviMzatikAgata zrAvakAcAra, 18-19 27. dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, 6/211 28. vahI, 6/212-215 29. umAsvAmIzrAvakAcAra, 201 30. saMskRta bhAvasaMgraha, 160 31. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 198-199 32. cAritrasAra, 259 33. sAgAradharmAmRta, 2/48 34. kundakundazrAvakAcAra, 28 35. mahApurANa, 35 36. sAnukampamanugrAhyaye praannvRnde'bhyprdaa| trizuddhadhyanugatA seyaM dayAdattirmatA budhaiH|| mahApurANa, 36 37. vahI, 37 38. vahI, 40 39. vahI, 40 40. amitagatizrAvakAcAra, 10/1 41. vahI, 10/2
Page #371
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 42. amitagatizrAvakAcAra 10/4 43. sAgAradharmAmRta 5/45 44. dharmasaMgrahazrAvakAcAra 6/204 45. zrAvakAcArasaroddhAra 326-327 - zaMkaranagara, dillI roDa, sahAranapura (u. pra.) ekAMgI cintana kA duSpariNAma samagra cintana ke binA samyak pariNAma prApta nahIM hotaa| bauddhika cintana ke pariNAma para bhI najara DAla lenA caahie| ekAMgI vicAra kabhI kabhI khataranAka sAbita ho sakate haiN| ataH ekAMgI dRSTikoNa sahI nahIM hotaa| cAra mitra jaMgala meM se hokara jA rahe the| unameM tIna vaijJAnika aura eka avaijJAnika thaa| ve vaijJAnika the, kintu buddhimAna nahIM the| cauthA avaijJAnika hokara bhI bahuta buddhimAna thaa| unheM jaMgala meM eka jagaha zera kA asthi kaMkAla dikhAI diyaa| ve paraspara bAta karane lge| jo par3hA hai, usake prayoga karane kA acchA maukA hai| prayoga dvArA asthi paMjara meM prANa DAla denA caahie| cauthA bolA- pariNAma kyA hogA, kyA isa para vicAra kiyA? yadi prayoga karane kA mana hI banA liyA hai to Thaharo mujhe per3a para car3ha jAne do| tInoM ne apane apane prayoga kiye| pahale ne mAMsa camar3I, utpanna kI, dUsare ne usameM rakta kA saMcAra kiyA aura tIsare ne jaise hI usameM prANa DAle, zera khar3A ho gyaa| vaha bhUkhA thaa| usane sAmane khar3e tInoM vaijJAnikoM ko khAne ke lie AkramaNa kara diyaa| cauthA vyakti per3a para baiThA huA yaha saba dekha rahA thaa| vaha bhAvI pariNAma jAnatA thA, so baca gyaa| ___ astu hamArA cintana sabhI AyAmoM aura dRSTikoNoM ko dekhakara sarvAMgINa honA caahie| ekAMgI cintana sadaiva khataranAka va duSpariNAmadAyI hotA hai| -sAbhAra, aprakAzita kRti 'AsthA ke AyAma' se
Page #372
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa - pulaka goyala tattvArthasUtra jainadharma kA eka prAcInatama grantha hai aura saMskRta meM sUtrarUpa racanA dvArA jaina siddhAnta kA vidhivat saMkSepa meM paricaya karAne vAlA sambhavataH sarvaprathama grantha hai| lokapriyatA meM bhI yaha jaina sAhitya kA advitIya grantha hai| isa grantha kI samaya-samaya para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiN| digambara sampradAya meM isakI devanandI pUjyapAda AcArya kRta sarvArthasiddhi nAmaka vRtti sarva prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| sUtroM ke gUr3ha rahasya ko saralatA se paribhASita karate hue AbAlavRddha dharmAmRta pipAsuoM ke lie tRpti pradAyaka yaha kRti atyanta rUcikara evaM pravAhapUrNa hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa kI avadhAraNA : nikSepa pada kA prayoga tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 sUtra 9 meM prApta hotA hai| yathAnirvartanA-nikSepa-saMyoga-nisargA dvi-caturdvitribhedAH prm||6/9|| artha- para arthAt ajIvAdhikaraNa krama se do, cAra, do aura tIna bhedavAle nirvartanA, nikSepa, saMyoga aura nisargarUpa hai| uparyukta sUtra kI TIkA meM sarvArthasiddhikAra nikSepa pada kI paribhASA prastuta karate haiN| 'nikSipyata iti nikSepaH sthaapnaa|' artha- nikSepa kA artha sthApanA arthAt rakhanA hai| (pR.250 sa. si.) yahA~ nikSepa ke cAra bheda bhI kahe gae haiN| 'nikSepazcaturvidhaH apratyavekSita-nikSepAdhikaraNaM duHpramRSTanikSepAdhikaraNaM sahasA- nikSepAdhi karaNamanAbhoganikSepAdhikaraNaM ceti|' artha- nikSepa cAra prakAra kA hai- apratyavekSita nikSepAdhikaraNa, duSpramRSTanikSepA- dhikaraNa, sahasAnikSepAdhikaraNa aura anAbhoganikSepAdhi krnn| (pR.251 s.si.)| nikSepa pada kA punaH prayoga tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 7 sUtra 36 meM bhI dRSTavya hai| yathA scittnikssepaapighaanprvypdeshmaatsrykaalaatikrmaaH|| 7/36 // artha-sacitta-nikSepa, sacittApidhAna, paravyapadeza, mAtsarya aura kAlAtikrama ye atithisaMvibhAga vrata ke pA~ca aticAra haiN| (pR.288 sa. si.)| uparyukta sUtra kI TIkA meM yadyapi nikSepa pada kA artha sUcita nahIM kiyA gayA, tathApi nikSepa kA artha rakhanA hai, yaha bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa hai| nikSepa pada kA prayoga tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 9 sUtra 5 meM bhI dikhAI detA hai| yathA'IryAbhASaiSaNAdAnanikSepotsargAH smityH||9/5||' artha- IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnanikSepa aura utsarga ye pA~ca samitiyA~ haiN| (pR.322 sa.si.)
Page #373
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 85 uparyukta sUtra kI TIkA meM bhI AdAnanikSepa samiti ke antargata nikSepa pada AyA hai| yahA~ bhI nikSepa kA artha rakhanA hI vidita hotA hai| isake atirikta bhI TIkA meM kSepa, nikSipta, nikSepaNa prabhRti padoM kA prayoga yathAvasara kiyA gayA hai| prAyaH sabhI sthaloM meM isakA abhiprAya rakhanA yA sthApita karanA hI pratIta hotA hai| naamsthaapnaadrvybhaavtstnyaasH||1/5|| (tattvArthasUtra) artha- nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAvarUpa se unakA arthAt samyagdarzana Adi aura jIva Adi kA nyAsa arthAt nikSepa hotA hai| uparyukta sUtra kI TIkA karate hue sarvArthasiddhikAra ne nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva ko nikSepa saMjJA pradAna kI hai| nikSepa pada ke sAtha vidhi pada kA samAsa karate hue do bAra "nikSepavidhi" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra AcArya umAsvAmi ne isa sUtra meM nAmAdi ko nikSepa saMjJA se udghoSita kiyA hai, tathApi pUjyapAda svAmI kA nAmAdi ko nikSepa saMjJA denA AgamaparamparA kA anusaraNa hI mAnA jaaegaa| prastuta nAmAdi nikSepa ko vivecya mAnakara likhA jA rahA hai| nikSepa kI vyutpatti evaM svarUpa 'nikSipyata iti nikSepaH sthaapnaa|' artha- rakhanA yA sthApita karanA nikSepa hai| isI artha ko puSTa karate hue rAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai- 'nyasanaM nyasyata iti vA nyAso nikSepa ityrthH|' artha- sauMpanA yA dharohara rakhanA nikSepa kahalAtA hai| nyAyaviSayaka granthoM meM bhI isI prakAra vyutpatti prApta hotI hai| 'pramANanayayonikSepa AropaNaM sa nAmasthApanAdibhedacaturvidhamiti nikSepasya vyutpttiH|' artha- pramANa yA naya kA AropaNa yA nikSepa nAma, sthApanA Adi rUpa cAra prakAroM se hotA hai| yahI nikSepa kI vyutpatti hai|' juttIsujuttamagge jaM caubheyeNa hoi khalu hvnnN| kajje sadi NAmadisu taM NikkhevaM have smsN|270|| artha- yukti mArga se prayojanavaza jo vastu ko nAma Adi cAra bhedoM meM kSepaNa kare, use Agama meM nikSepa kahA jAtA hai|" tiloyapaNNattikAra nikSepa ko upAya ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| 'Nikkhevo vi uvaao|' artha- nAmAdi ke dvArA vastu meM bheda karane ke upAya ko nikSepa kahate haiM isa viSaya meM dhavalAkAra kA kathana atyanta spaSTa hai| Nicchaye NiNNaye khivadi tti nnikkhvo|' artha- nizcaya meM arthAt nirNaya meM jo rakhatA hai, vaha nikSepa hai| 'saMzaye viparyaye anadhyavasAye vA sthitaM tebhyo'pasArya nizcaye kSipatIti nikssepH| athavA bAhyArtha vikalpo nikSepa: aprakRtanirAkaraNadvAreNa prakRta-prarUpako vaa|' artha- saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya meM avasthita vastu ko unase nikAlakara jo nizcaya meM kSepaNa karatA hai, use nikSepa kahate haiN| arthAt jo anirNIta vastu kA nAmAdika dvArA nirNaya karAve,
Page #374
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 86 sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa use nikSepa kahate haiN| athavA bAharI padArtha ke vikalpa ko nikSepa kahate haiN| athavA aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karake prakRta kA nirUpaNa karane vAlA nikSepa hai|' uparyukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki 'ni' upasargapUrvaka zip dhAtu se nikSepa zabda banatA hai| nikSepa kA artha rakhanA hai| nyAsa zabda kA bhI yahI artha hai| Azaya yaha hai ki eka-eka zabda kA loka meM aura zAstra meM prayojana ke aneka arthoM meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| yaha prayoga kahA~ kisa artha meM kiyA gayA hai, isa bAta ko batalAnA hI nikSepavidhi kA kAma hai| nikSepa kI upayogitA saMjJA, svalakSaNa Adi ke dvArA upadiSTa jIvAdi tattvoM ke saMvyavahAra ke lie tathA vyabhicAra kI nivRtti ke lie nikSepa prakriyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jIvAdi padArtha evaM samyagdarzana Adi kA zabda prayoga karate samaya vivakSA bheda se jo gar3abar3I honA sambhava hai, usako dUra karane ke lie nikSepa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka hI vastu meM lokavyavahAra meM nAmAdi cAroM vyavahAra dekhe jAte haiN| jaise- indra zabda ko bhI indra kahate haiM; indra kI mUrti ko bhI indra kahate haiM; indrapada se cyuta hokara manuSya hone vAle ko bhI indra kahate haiM aura zacIpati ko bhI indra kahate haiN| kisa zabda kA kyA artha hai, yaha nikSepavidhi ke dvArA batAyA jAtA hai| 'sa kimarthaH aprakRta nirAkaraNAya prakRta nirUpaNAya c|' artha- zaMkA-nikSepavidhi kA kathana kisa lie kahA jAtA hai? samAdhAna- aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie aura prakRta kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie isakA kathana kiyA jAtA hai| dhavalAjI meM eka gAthA uddhRta hai, jisase nikSepa kI upayogitA kA samyagavalokana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yathA avagayaNivaraNaTuM payadassa parUvaNA nimittaM c| saMsayaviNAsaNaTheM tcctthvdhaartttth||15|| artha- aprakRta viSaya ke nirAkaraNa ke lie prakRta artha kA kathana karane ke lie, saMzaya ko dUra karane ke lie aura tattvArtha kA nizcaya karane ke lie nikSepa kA kathana karanA caahie|' ___ prastuta prakaraNa ko dRr3hatA pradAna karate hue AcArya vIrasena svAmI likhate haiM ki zrotA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- pahalA avyutpanna arthAt svarUpa se anajAna, dUsarA sampUrNa rUpa se vivakSita padArtha ko jAnane vAlA, tIsarA vivakSita padArtha ko ekadeza se jaannevaalaa| inameM se pahalA zrotA to anajAna hone se kucha bhI nahIM jaantaa| dUsarA vivakSita pada ke artha meM sandeha karatA hai ki isa pada kA kauna-sA artha yahA~ adhikRta hai| athavA prakRta artha ko chor3akara anya artha grahaNa karatA hai aura isa taraha viparIta samajha baiThatA hai| dUsare kI taraha tIsarA zrotA bhI yA to sandeha meM par3atA hai yA vipIta samajha letA hai| inameM se prathama avyutpanna zrotA yadi vastu kI kisI vivakSita paryAya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai to usake lie prakRta viSaya kI vyutpatti ke dvArA aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie bhAva nikSepa kA
Page #375
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 87 kathana karanA caahie| yadi vaha dravya sAmAnya ko samajhanA cAhatA hai to usake lie saba nikSepoM kA kathana karanA cAhie, kyoMki vizeSa dharmoM kA nirNaya hue binA sAmAnya dharma kA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare aura tIsare prakAra ke zrotA yadi sandeha meM hoM to unakA sandeha dUra karane ke lie saba nikSepoM kA kathanA karanA cAhie aura yadi unhoMne viparIta samajhA ho to bhI prakRta artha ke nirNaya ke lie saba nikSepoM kA kathanA karanA caahie| " upayoga kA vaiziSTya jainadarzana meM pramANa, naya aura nikSepa kA advitIya sthAna hai| inakA sahI prayoga karane se sanmArga prazasta hotA hai| nikSepoM ko chor3akara varNana kiyA gayA siddhAnta sambhava hai vaktA aura zrotA donoM ko kumArga meM le jaave| tiloyapaNNatti meM AcArya yativRSabha kahate haiM 'jo Na pamANaNayehiM NikkheveNaM Nirakkhade atyaM tassAjuttaM jutaM jutaMmajuttaM ca paDihAdi // 82 // ' artha- jo pramANa, naya aura nikSepa se artha kA nirIkSaNa nahIM karatA hai, usako ayukta padArtha yukta, aura zukta padArtha ayukta hI pratIta hotA hai| " sarvArthasiddhikAra ne bhAva nikSepa kA antarbhAva paryAyArthika naya meM aura zeSa tIna kA antarbhAva dravyArthika naya meM kiyA hai| isI kA anusaraNa dhavalA jI, sanmati tarka, rAjavArtika, siddhivinizcaya, zlokavArtika Adi granthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| nikSepa kA antarbhAva vividha nayA~ meM ho jAne se isakA koI bhI vaiziSTya sAmAnya dRSTi se najara nahIM AtA hai| tathApi nikSepa kA nirdeza Agama meM kyoM kiyA gyaa| yaha prakaraNa rAjavArtikakAra dvArA bhalI prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai| prazna- dravyArthika va paryAyArthika nayoM meM antarbhAva ho jAne ke kAraNa ina nAmAdi nikSepoM kA pRthak kathana karane se punarukti hotI hai| uttara- yaha koI doSa nahIM hai, kyoMki vidvAn ziSya haiM ve do nayA~ se hI sabhI nayoM ke vaktavya pratipAdya arthoM ko jAna lete haiM para jo mandabuddhi ziSya haiM, unake lie pRthak naya aura nikSepa kA kathana karanA caahie| ataH vizeSa jJAna karAne ke kAraNa nAmAdi nikSepoM kA kathana punarukta nahIM hai| 3 bhedadRSTi se vicAra karane para saMjJA, lakSaNa aura uddezya kathana kI apekSA pramANa, naya aura nikSepa meM bheda dikhAI par3atA hai| tiloyapaNNattikAra likhate haiM 'NANaM hodi pamANaM Nao vi NAdussa hidayabhAvattho / Nikkheo vi uvAo juttIe atypddighnnN||83|| artha- samyagjJAna ko pramANa aura jJAtA ke hRdaya ke abhiprAya ko naya kahate haiN| nikSepa upAya svarUpa hai yukti se artha kA pratigrahaNa karanA caahie|" Nayacakko meM bhI likhA hai 'vatthu pamANavisayaM NayavisayaM havar3a vatthu ekasaM jaM dohi NiNNayaTTha taM Nikkheve havai visayaM // 171 // ' artha- sampUrNa vastu pramANa kA viSaya hai aura usakA eka aMza naya kA viSaya
Page #376
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 88 sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa hai| ina donoM se nirNaya kiyA gayA padArtha nikSepa meM viSaya hotA hai|5 / abhiprAya yaha hai ki pramANa pUrNa vastu ko grahaNa karatA hai aura naya jAnane vAle ke abhiprAya ko vyakta karatA hai| naya aura pramANa se grahIta vastu meM nikSepa yojanA hotI hai| nikSepa yojanA aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa aura prakRta kA nirUpaNa karane ke lie Avazyaka hai| arthAt kisI zabda yA vAkya kA artha karate samaya usa zabda kA loka meM jitane arthoM meM vyavahAra hotA hai unameM se kauna-sA artha vaktA ko vivakSita hai, yaha nizcaya karane ke lie nikSepa yojanA kI gayI hai| isake dvArA jahA~ jo artha vivakSita hotA hai vaha le liyA jAtA hai, isase artha meM anartha nahIM ho pAtA hai| nikSepa ke bheda-prabheda evaM unakA svarUpa mukhyatayA nikSepa ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhaav| inakA svarUpa evaM prabhedoM kA saMkalana sarvArthasiddhi ke anusAra kiyA jaaegaa| dravya nikSepa ke do bheda haiM (i) Agama dravya nikSepa (ii) noAgama dravya nikssep| puna:no Agama dravya nikSepa ke 3 bheda (i) jJAyaka zarIra (ii) bhAvi evaM (iii) tdvytirikt| punaH tavdayatirikta ke 2 bheda (i) karma evaM (ii) no krm| isI prakAra bhAva nikSepa ke 2 bheda haiM- (i) AgamabhAva nikSepa evaM (ii) no Agama bhAva nikssep| SaTkhaNDAgama evaM dhavalAjI ke anusAra vargANA nikSepa ke prakaraNa meM chaha bheda kahe gae haiN| nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| ina donoM granthoM meM prAyaH ina chaha nikSepoM ke Azraya se hI pratyeka prakaraNa kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| zlokavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki prazna- padArthoM ke nikSepa ananta kahane cAhie? uttara- una ananta nikSepoM kA saMkSepa rUpa se cAra meM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| arthAt saMkSepa se nikSepa cAra hai aura vistAra se ananta hai|" saMjJA ke anusAra guNarahita vastu meM vyavahAra ke lie apanI icchA se kI gayI saMjJA ko nAma kahate haiN| jaise nAma jiiv| jIvana guNa kI apekSA na karake jisa kisI kA 'jIva' aisA nAma rakhanA nAma jIva hai| kAlakarma, pustakarma, citrakarma aura akSanikSepa Adi meM 'vaha yaha hai' isaprakAra sthApita karane ko sthApanA kahate haiN| jaise- sthApanA jiiv| akSanikSepa Adi meM yaha 'jIva hai' yA 'manuSya jIva hai' aisA sthApita karanA sthApanA jIva hai| jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta huA thA yA guNoM ko prApta huA thA athavA jo guNoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA jAyegA yA guNoM ko prApta hotA use dravya kahate haiN| jaise- drvyjiiv| dravya jIva ke do bheda haiM- AgamadravyajIva aura noaagmdrvyjiiv| inameM se jIva viSayaka zAstra ko jAnatA hai kintu vartamAna meM usake upayoga se rahita hai vaha AgamadravyajIva hai| noAgamajIva ke tIna bheda haiM- jJAyaka zarIra, bhAvI aura tdvytirikt| jJAtA ke zarIra ko jJAyaka zarIra kahate haiN| jo jIva dUsarI gati meM vidyamAna hai vaha jaba manuSya bhava ko prApta karane ke lie sammukha hotA hai taba vaha manuSya bhAvijIva kahalAtA hai| tadvyatirikta ke do
Page #377
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4 akTUbara-disambara 2011 bheda haiM- karma aura nokarma vartamAna paryAya se yukta dravya ko bhAva kahate haiM jaise bhAvajIva bhAvajIva ke do bheda haiM- AgamabhAvajIva aura noAgamabhAvajIva inameM se jo AtmA jIva viSayaka zAstra ko jAnatA hai aura usake upayoga se yukta hai vaha AgamabhAvajIva hai| tathA jIvana paryAya se | yukta AtmA noAgamabhAvajIva hai| uparyukta cAra nikSepoM ke svarUpa ko udAharaNa sahita samajhane ke lie nimna gAthA upayogI hai 'NAmajiNA jiNaNAma, ThavajiNA puNa jiNaMda paDimAo / davvaM jiNA jiNajIvA, bhAvajiNA samavasaraNatthA // ' 89 artha- 'jinendra' yaha nAma jina kA nAma nikSepa hai| jinendra bhagavAn kI pratimA jina kA sthApanA nikSepa hai| jinendra kA jIva jina kA dravya nikSepa hai| samavazaraNa meM sthita jinendra jina kA bhAvanikSepa hai|" bhAratIya vicAra jagat ko nikSepa sambandhI jaina paramparAoM kI dena bhAratIya vicAra jagat ko jainadarzana kI vicAra praNAlI ne bahudhA prabhAvita kiyA hai| jaina paramparAoM kA anusaraNa nyUnAdhika rUpa se sampUrNa bhAratIya paramparAoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai| jainoM para bhI anya bhAratIya paramparAoM kA asara avazya huA hai| paraspara AdAna-pradAna kI yaha paramparA atiprAcIna kAla se nirantara pracalana meM hai| granthoM kA lekhana prArambha huA, sUtra grantha likhe gae, prAyaH sabhI darzanoM ne samAna zailI meM racanAe~ prastuta kara bhAratIya vicAra jagat kI AdhArazilA rakhI yuga badalA, sUtragranthoM kI vRttiyA~ likhIM gaI, vArtika likhe gae, TIkAyeM sAmane aaii| Aja kA yuga una mahAn vicAra sampadAoM ke adhyayana adhyApana evaM pracAra-prasAra kI hor3a meM lagA hai| pratyeka sampradAya meM dharmagurUoM ke dvArA pravacana karane kA calana hai| kahIM na kahIM jaina paramparAe~ isa parivartana meM sahAyaka rahIM haiN| prakaraNa ke anusAra yadi nikSepavidhi ko hI dRSTipatha para rakhakara vicAra kiyA jAve to sakala bhAratIya vicAra jagat isa vidhi meM Aka DUbA dikhAI par3atA hai| sampradAya vidveSa ke kAraNa jainaMtara darzanoM ne bhale hI nikSepa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA, parantu use apane hRdaya meM samAhita kara vaicArika evaM lokavyavahAra saMbandhI viSayoM kA prarUpaNa kiyaa| granthoM ke praNayana meM sarvaprathama uddezya kathana kiyA jAtA hai, phira lakSaNa nirdeza aura parIkSA dvArA vivecya kI prastuti hotI hai| yaha uddezya kathana nikSepa ke samAna hI vivecya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| lakSaNa prastuta karate samaya prAyaH vyAkaraNa sammata vyutpatti kI gaveSaNA kI jAtI hai, parantu kucha zabda aise hote haiM, jinheM saMjJA kahakara chor3a diyA jAtA hai jaise hAthI, ghor3A Adi / vyAkaraNa darzana ke nAma nikSepa kA prayoga karate hue kaI saMjJAeM nirmita kara vyAkaraNa sAhityoM kI racanA kii| jaise- ac, hal, it saMjJA, bha saMjJA, ghi saMjJA Adi /
Page #378
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ sarvArthasiddhi meM varNita nikSepa nAma nikSepa kA sahArA lie binA mAtra guNoM ko dekhakara paraspara meM lokavyavahAra karane para eka hI vyakti ke sahasranAma kA prasaMga A jAyegA, nAma smaraNa nahIM ho pAyeMge, guNasAmyatA ke kAraNa sabhI ko jIva, manuSya, purUSa Adi nAmoM se pukArane para lokavyavahAra bhI saMbhava nahIM ho skegaa| svarNapASANa se hI svarNa milatA hai, dUdha se ghI banatA hai, miTTI se kalaza kA nirmANa hotA hai ityAdi vicAra dravyanikSepa aura bhAvanikSepa ke bhAvoM ko jAne binA sambhava hI nahIM hai| ata: yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai ki sakala bhAratIya vicAra jagat ne nikSepa paddhati ko apanI AtmA banAkara lokavyavahAra kA sundara mahala racA hai| nikSepa paddhati ke binA lokavyavahAra kI kalpanA karanA bhI azakya hai| upasaMhAra sarvArthasiddhi jaise mahAn grantha ke racanAkara pUjya AcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ke prazasta kSayopazama aura jainAgama ke prati dRr3ha siddhAnta AsthA kA supariNAma hai unakI prAmANika praNayana pddhti| isa AgamaniSTha vivecana ke AkAza meM camakate hue sitAro to anaginata haiM, parantu Agametara prasaMga prastuta prakaraNa meM dhuMdhale rUpa meM bhI nahIM dikhtaa| aise parama prAmANika, jinavANI ke prakAzaka, tattvArtharahasya ke udghATaka mahAmanISI ke caraNakamaloM meM anaginata prnnaamaa| saMdarbha sUcI: 1. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: sarvArthasiddhiH bhAratIya jJAnapITha,dillI,2009 a. 6 sUtra 9 pR. 250 2. pro. mahendra kumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya : tattvArthavArtika (rAjavArtika): bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2001, a. 1 sUtra 5, pRSTha 28 3. paM. ratanacanda jainaH AlApapaddhatiH bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, lohAriyA (rAja.), 2004, sU. 183, pR. 28 4. siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI: Nayacakko: bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1999, gA, 270, pR. 136 5. paM. bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI: tiloyapaNNattiH jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2007, a. 1, gA, 83, pR. 10 6. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: dhavalAjI: amarAvatI, pra. saM., pu.1, pR. 10, pR. 13, pR 3, pR. 14, pR. 51 7. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: dhavalAjI, amarAvatI, pra. saM., pR.4, pR. 2 8. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: sarvArthasiddhiH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2009, a. 1, sU. 5, pR. 13-14 9. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: dhavalAjI, amarAvatI, pra. saM., pu.1 gA. 15 10. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrIH dhavalAjI, amarAvatI, pra. saM., pu.1, pR. 30-31 11. paM bAlacandra siddhAntazAstrI: tiloyapaNNattiH jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2007, a 1, gA. 82, pRSTha 10
Page #379
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 91 12. kSu, jinendra varNI: jainendra siddhAnta koSaH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2003, bhA. 2, pR. 593 13. pro. mahendra kumAra jaina, nyAyAcArya: tattvArthavArtika (rAjavArtika): bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2001, a.1, sU.5, pR.32-33 14. paM. bAlabhadra siddhAntazAstrI: tiloyapaNNattiH jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, 2007, a 1, gA. 83, pR. 10 15. siddhAntAcArya paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI: NayacakkoH bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1999, gA. 171, pR. 98 16. DaoN. hIrAlAla jainaH SaTkhaNDAgamaH amarAvatI, pra. saM., 14-5; siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacanda zAstrI: dhavalAjI: amarAvatI, pra. saM., pu.1, pR. 10 17. paM. mANikacanda kaundeya nyAyAcAryaH zlokavArtikaH kunthasAgara granthamAlA, solApura, 1949, pR. 2, a. 1, sU. 5 18. siddhAntAcArya paM. phUlacandra zAstrI: sarvArthasiddhi: bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 2009, a.1, sUtra 5, pR. 13-14 19. paM. ratanacanda jainaH AlApapaddhatiH bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat pariSad, lohAriyA (rAja.), 2004, sUtra 183 kI TIkA, pR. 28-29 -prAkRta jainAgama vibhAga, zrI di. jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya sAMgAnera, jayapura (rAja) 302029
Page #380
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya jJAnasAgara jI aura syAdvAda -DaoN. candramohana zarmA anekAntAtmaka vastu svarUpa ko pratipAdana karane vAlI nirdoSa paddhati kA nAma syAdvAda hai| syAdvAda pada 'syAt' aura 'vAda' ina do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai| prAkRta meM syAt zabda avyaya nipAta hai, kriyA yA praznAdi rUpa nahIM, isakA artha hai kathaJcita kisI apekSA se, kisI dRSTi vizeSa se| vAda zabda kA artha hai mAnyatA, kathana, vacana athavA prtipaadn| jo syAt kA kathana athavA pratipAdana karane vAlA hai, vaha syAdvAda hai| isa prakAra syAdvAda kA artha huA- vibhinna dRSTi binduoM se anekAntAtmaka vastu kA paraspara sApekSa kathana karane kI pddhti| ise kathaJcitvAda, apekSAvAda aura sApekSavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI kA pitA hai to vaha sirpha pitA hI nahIM hai anya sandarbho meM putra, pautra, cAcA, bhatIjA, mAmA, bhAMjA, bhAI Adi aneka rizte usake sAtha sambhava hai| isase siddha huA ki hameM jo kucha kahanA hai sApekSa hI kahanA hai| aisA kahakara hI hama vastusthiti kA sahI kathana kara sakate haiN| putra kI apekSA se hI use pitA kahA jA sakatA hai| AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM isa siddhAnta kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| syAdvAda kI paribhASA dete hue AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne kahA hai anekazakyAtmakavastu tattvaM tadekayA sNvdto'nysttvm| samarthayatsyAtpadamatra bhAti syaadvaadnaamaivmihoktijaatiH|| arthAt vastutattva aneka zakyAtmaka hai arthAt pratyeka vastu meM aneka guNa, dharma yA zaktiyA~ haiN| jaba koI manuSya eka zakti kI apekSA se usakA varNana karatA hai taba vaha anya zaktiyoM ke satva kA anya apekSAoM se samarthana karatA hI hai| isa anya zaktiyoM kI apekSA ko jaina siddhAnta 'syAt' pada se prakaTa karatA hai| vastu tattva ke kathana meM isa syAt arthAt kathaJcita pada ke prayoga kA nAma hI syAdvAda hai| aneka udAharaNoM dvArA isa siddhAnta ko spaSTa karate hue mahAkavi ne kahA hai musalamAna kurAna kA Adara karatA hai, kintu IsAI use na mAnakara bAibila ko mAnatA hai, kintu brAhmaNa veda ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM kurAna yA bAibila ko nhiiN| isa dRSTAnta meM musalamAna aura IsAI paraspara virodhI hote hue bhI veda ko pramANa nahIM mAnane meM donoM avirodhI hai| isa sthiti ko eka mAtra syAdvAda siddhAnta hI yathArthat kahane meM samartha hai| isI prakAra- gAya, bakarI aura U~Ta tInoM hI berI ke pattoM ko khAte haiM kintu babUla ke pattoM ko U~Ta aura bakarI hI khAte haiM gAya nhiiN| mandAra (AkaDA) ke pattoM ko bakarI hI khAtI hai U~Ta aura gAya nahIM kintu manuSya berI, babUla aura Aka ina tInoM ke hI pattoM ko nahIM khAtA hai isalie ananta dharma ke mAnane vAle bhavya, jo vastu eka ke lie bhakSya yA upAdeya hai vahI dUsaroM ke lie abhakSya yA heya ho jAtI hai| ise samajhanA hI syAdvAda
Page #381
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 hai, ata: saba logoM ko isakA hI eka bhAva se Azraya lenA caahie|' jayodaya meM jayakumAra dvArA kI gaI jinendra deva kI stuti meM syAdvAda siddhAnta ko pratipAdita karate hue kahA gayA hai virAgamekAntatayA pratImaH siddhau rataH kintu bhavAn sussiim|| vizvasya saMjIvanamAtmanInaM syAdvAdamujjhet kimaho ahInA arthAt he atizaya zobhAyamAna ! jinendra! hama Apake bhakta Apako yadyapi sarvathA virAga-rAgarahita jAnate haiM para Apa siddhi-muktivadhU meM lIna haiM, use prApta karanA cAhate haiM ataH sarvathA virAga-rAgarahita kisa prakAra hue? he ahIna! he sarvaguNa sampanna bhagavan! Apa kyA samasta jagat ke hitakArI apane syAdvAda siddhAnta ko chor3a sakate haiM? arthAt nahIM chor3a skte| kahane kA bhAva yaha hai ki Apa sAMsArika padArthoM kA rAga chor3a dene se virAga haiM aura siddhi svAtmopalabdhiH meM ratalIna hone meM sarAga jAna par3ate haiM isalie syAdvAda siddhAnta kI apekSA Apa virAga bhI haiM sarAga bhI haiN| kAzInareza kA dUta sulocanA ke guNa saundarya kI prazaMsA karate hue jayakumAra se kahatA hai- ki yadyapi usakA zarIra vahI hai jo bacapana meM thA aura ve hI aMga-pratyaMga hai, phira bhI yuvAvasthA ke kAraNa unameM anokhA saundarya A gayA hai jaise ki syAtkAra (syAdvAda) se vANI meM vicitratA A jAtI hai| isI siddhAnta kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi haMsa bAhara se zukla varNa hai kintu bhItara se usakA raktalAla varNa kA hai usake paira zveta aura lAla donoM hI vargoM ke hote haiN| aisI sthiti meM vivekI puruSa usako kisa rUpa vAlA kahe? ataeva kathAJcitavAda syAdvAda ko svIkAra karane para hI usake ThIka nirdoSa rUpa kA varNana kiyA jA sakatA hai|' / isI prakAra- ghaTa bhI padArtha hai, paTa bhI padArtha hai kintu zIta se pIr3ita manuSya ko ghaTa se koI prayojana nhiiN| isI prakAra pyAsa se pIr3ita puruSa ghaTa ko cAhatA hai, paTa ko nhiiN| isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki padArthapanA ghaTa aura paTa meM samAna hote hue bhI pratyeka puruSa apane abhISTa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai anabhIpsita padArtha ko nhiiN| isa prakAra pratyeka manuSya ko syAdvAda siddhAnta ko bhakti se svIkAra karanA cAhie ghaTaH padArthazca ghaTaH padArthaH zaityAnvitasyAsti ghaTena naarthH| pipAsurabhyeti yamAtmazaktyA syAdvAdamityetu jano'ti bhktyaa| syAdvAda ko bahuta sundara udAharaNa se spaSTa karate hue AcArya jJAnasAgara jI ne kahA hai ki koI rekhA na svayaM choTI hai aura na bar3I hai yadi usI ke pAsa usase choTI rekhA khIMca dI jAya to vaha pahalI rekhA bar3I kahalAne lagatI hai aura yadi usI ke dUsarI ora bar3I rekhA khIMca dI jAya to vaha choTI kahalAne lagatI hai| isa prakAra vaha pahalI rekhA choTI aura bar3I donoM rUpoM ko apekSA-vizeSa se dhAraNa karatI hai, vastu kA svabhAva bhI ThIka usI prakAra se jAnanA caahie| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki apekSA vizeSa se 'vastu' meM astitva va nAstitva dharma siddha hote haiN| pratyeka vastu apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA asti rUpa hai aura dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA nAsti rUpa hai|
Page #382
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ AcArya jJAnasAgara jI aura syAdvAda jaise yava (jau) apane yava rUpa svabhAva se 'hai', usa prakAra gehU~ Adi ke svabhAva se 'nahIM' hai| isa prakAra yava meM astitva aura nAstitva ye do dharma siddha hote haiN| yadi ina donoM hI dharmoM ko eka sAtha kahane kI vivakSA kI jAye to unakA kahanA sambhava nahIM, ata: usa yava meM avyakta rUpa tIsarA dharma bhI mAnanA par3atA hai| isa prakAra vastu meM asti, nAsti aura avaktavya ye tIna dharma siddha ho jAte haiM, jJAnI jana inheM hI sapta bhaMga nAma se kahate haiN| jaise harar3a, baher3A aura AMvalA ina tInoM kA alaga-alaga svAda hai dvisaMyogI karane para harar3a aura AMvale kA milA huA eka svAda hogA, harar3a aura baher3e kA milA huA dUsarA svAda hogA aura baher3e aura AMvale kA milA huA tIsarA svAda hogaa| tInoM kA eka sAtha milAkara khAne se cauthI hI jAti kA svAda hogaa| isa prakAra mUlarUpa harar3a, baher3A aura AMvalA ke eka saMyogI tIna bhaMga, dvisaMyogI tIna bhaMga aura trisaMyogI eka bhaMga, ye saba milakara sAtabhaMga jaise ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra asti, nAsti, avaktavya ke bhI dvisaMyogI tIna bhaMga aura trisaMyogI eka bhaMga ye saba milAkara sAta bhaMga ho jAte haiN| ye bhaMga na isase kama hote haiM tathA na isase adhika arthAt kahane kA tAtparya hai ki asti, nAsti, asti-nAsti, avaktavya, asti-avaktavya, nAsti-avaktavya aura asti-nAsti-avaktavya ye sAta bhaMga pratyeka vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| ataH usa apekSA ko prakaTa karane ke lie pratyeka bhaMga ke pUrva 'syAt' pada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| ise hI syAdvAda rUpa saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| isa syAdvAda rUpa saptabhaMga vANI ke dvArA hI vastu ke yathArtha kA kathana sambhava hai anyathA nhiiN| vastutaH dekhA jAye to syAdvAda siddhAnta jainadarzana kA prANa hai| saMdarbha sUcI 1. jainadharma aura darzana, pRSTha 313-314 2. jainadharma aura darzana, pRSThabhUmi, pRSTha 21 3. vIrodaya, 19/8 4. vIrodaya, 19/10-11 5. jayodaya, 26/75 6. jayodaya, 3/43 7. vIrodaya, 19/12 8. vIrodaya, 19/15 9. vahI, 19/5 10. vahI, 19/6-7 - javAharalAla neharU smRti iNTara kAleja ravApurI saTheDI khataulI (u.pra.)
Page #383
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ anekAnta 64/4, akTUbara-disambara 2011 prAyazcita-pATha mujhase jo bhI pApa hue hoM, unakA prAyazcita karatA huuN| bhUla gayA thA tumako prabhuvara! sadA hRdaya aba dharatA huuN|| zata ATha vidha bhAvoM se jo, pApa huA karatA pratiphala, anantAnanta karmoM kA Asrava bandha huA karatA hara pl| sapAka nirjarA se karmoM kA, kSaya nahIM hotA, huA kabhI, nAza kara sakU~ karmoM ko saba, aisA tapa dhArA na kbhii| bhUla sadA pahile bhI kI hai, aura abhI bhI karatA huuN|| bhUla gayA thaa....||1|| udyogI ArambhI virodhI, hiMsA kA nahIM tyAga kiyA, saMkalpI hiMsA kA maiMne, bhAva-pApa hai sadA kiyaa| tyAga nahIM jisa hiMsA kA thA, pApAsava nita huA mujhe, SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI prabhu, rakSA to hama kara na ske| mana-vaca-kAya triyoga sahita maiM nita AlocanA karatA huuN.|| bhUla gayA thaa......||2|| AtmaprazaMsA paranindA meM, merA samaya vyatIta huA, kAma bhoga viSayaka gAthA meM, sArA kAla atIta huaa| kugurU kudeva kudharma ke sevana, meM sadA tatpara rahatA, durjana krUra kumArgaratoM ke, sAtha sAtha mastI krtaa| ananta pApa kiye haiM maiMne, kaise maiM kaha sakatA huuN.|| bhUla gayA thaa......||3|| kabhI na aisA bhAva bane ki pApa kArya meM lIna rahUM, devazAstra gurU kI bhakti meM, nita hI maiM tallIna rhuuN| nahIM ghUmanA hai isa jaga meM paMcamagati kA lakSya banA, bhAratIya bhava-bandhana tor3o aisA dRr3ha sambandha bnaa| caraNa zaraNa na chuTe aba to, yahI bhAvanA karatA hUM bhUla gayA thA......||4|| -DaoN. supArzva kumAra jaina
Page #384
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ vijJapti hamAre digambara AmnAya meM, do grantha (1) SaTkhaNDAgama evaM (2) kaSAyapAhuDasutta para pUjya 108 AcArya vIrasena svAmI ne jo TIkAe~ likhIM haiM, (dhavala, jayadhavalA evaM mahAdhavalA) ve hamAre lie mahAna jJAna ke bhaNDAra haiN| parantu una TIkAoM meM bhI AcAryabhagavanta ne, pUrva se paramparita kucha gAthAe~ pramANarUpa meM uddhRta kI haiN| ve gAthAe~ hamAre lie Agama ke mUla AdhAra haiN| ataH unakA saMkalana vIra sevA maMdira kI ora se karAnA cAhate haiN| ataH hamArA vidvAnoM se anurodha hai ki ve isa kArya meM hameM apekSita sahayoga pradAna kreN| isa kArya ke lie unheM mAnadeya kI vyavasthA bhI kI jA sakatI hai| ukta kArya vibhinna vidvAna, pRthaka pRthaka khaNDoM ko lekara bhI kara sakate haiN| pratyeka khaNDa ke lie mAnadeya kI vyavasthA amuka vidvAna ko dene kA prAvadhAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa kArya meM jo bhI vidvAna jur3eMge unheM isa punIta grantharAja kA svAdhyAya bhI hogA, jisase unakA vizeSa jJAnArjana ke sAtha puNyabaMdha hogaa| icchuka manISI vidvAna, vIra sevA maMdira, 21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI-2 se patra dvArA samparka kareM tAki yaha punIta kArya Age bar3ha ske| -vIra sevA mandira 21, dariyAgaMja, naI dillI -110002 dUrabhASa:- 011-23250522