Akshara

Author(s): Gauriprasad Zala, Ramanlal C Shah and others
Publisher: Ashok Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/005892/1

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ala prA.gaurIprasAda jhAlA

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akSarA lekhaka sva. prA. gaurIprasAda cu. jhAlA sapAdana DaoN. ramaNalAla cI. zAhe zrImatI hIrAbahena pAki prA. rAjendra I. nANAvaTI DaoN. ku. mInaLa ma. vArA : mukhya vizrutA : na va bhA 2 ta sA hi tyama di ra brukaselasa - pablIza 162, prinsesa sTrITa, su khaI ra ratanapALa nAkA sAme, gAMdhIrADa, amadAvAda-1

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: prakAzaka : bhogIlAla pI. zAha azoka prakAzana 21, vizvazAMti, vajIra kaMpAunDa kavArI roDa, malADa-(IsTa) muMbaI-400 064 (C) vijya gaurIprasAda jhAlA AvRtti pahelI H navembara 1976. mUhaya : daza rUpiyA : mudraka : piopaTalAla ga. Thakkara zakti prinTarI jUnI sivIla sAme ghIkAMTA roDa amadAvAda-380 001

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nivedana sva. prA. gaurIprasAda jhAlAnA gujarAtI sAhityane lagatA lekhAno A saMgraha "akSarA' prakAzita thatAM mAraka samitinuM eka vadhu lakSya siddha thAya che. A pahelAM prA. jhAlAne saMskRta sAhitya viSayaka lekhono saMgraha "narAjanA sUratanA cUnIlAla gAMdhI vidyAbhavana taraphathI prakAzita thaI cUkyo che. emanA aMgrejI lekhono saMgraha tathA emanI saMskRta racanAone saMgraha samiti taraphathI have pachI prakAzita thaze. prA. gaurIprasAda jhAlAnuM lakhANa gujarAtI, aMgrejI ane saMskRta bhASAmAM lekho-kAvyo-vArtAlApa -avalokana-na ItyAdi rUpe ghaNAM sAmayikAmAM varSo sudhI pragaTa thayA karyuM hatuM. enI koI saMpUrNa yAdI upalabdha nathI. tema chatAM emanAM, svajane, mi ane vidyArthIonI sahAyathI e yAdI ame yathAzakya taiyAra karI. emAMthI saMskRta sAhityane lagatA gujarAtI lekha "nIrAjanA' nAmanA graMtharUpe prakAzita karavAmAM AvyA. te pachI gujarAtI sAhityane lagatA vivecanalekhono A saMgraha ame taiyAra karyo che. e taiyAra karavAmAM mu. zrI hIrAbena pAThaka, prA. rAjendra nANAvaTI, Do. mInaLa verA vageree khUba premathI parizramapUrvaka kAma karyuM che. teo amArI smAraka samitinA tathA amArI saMpAdana samitinA ja sabhya che, tethI emane AbhAra mAnavAne upacAra karavAnuM na hoya. A saMgrahamAM lekhane je krama rAkhyo che te aMge thoDIka spaSTatA Avazyaka che. paMDita peDhI ane temAMye govardhanarAma jevA lekhaka prA. jhAlAnA savizeSa abhyAsa-AkarSaNanuM kendra hatA. tethI emane vizenA lekhothI saMgrahano AraMbha karyo che ane pachI vyakti, tatvacarcA, pravAhadarzana. sAhityaprakAro ityAdi vizenA lekhono krama rAkhe che. te pachI prasthAnI samIkSAo ane keTalAMka kAvyonI sUkSma vigatonI carcAo che. bhASAzAstra tathA zabdacarcAnA le chelle mUkyA che.

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A lekhomAM "gujarAtI nATacasAhityamAM abhinaya nATakanuM svarUpa e pravacana noMdhanA svarUpano lekha prA. jhAlAnA vyAkhyAnanA gujarAtamitra'mAM chapAyelA hevAla parathI taiyAra karIne ahIM mUkyo che. "sundarama'nuM "mRcchakaTika" e lekha te cuMmALIsanA graMthastha vAlmayanI samIkSAnA ja eka bhAga rUpe lakhAyo hato. saMjogAvazAta e samIkSA aMzataH ja chapAI hatI, paraMtu tyAra pachI e lekha svataMtrarUpe lakhAyo hato. "zaivalinI ke taTinI ?' temaja saMpeTavuM" e baMne vizenA lekho patracarcA rUpe prasthAna mAM chapAyA hatA. avalokanamAM prA. jhAlAnuM valaNa ghaNIvAra vicArabhedanA muddAone vadhAre spaSTa rIte rajU karavAnuM rahyuM che. tenI pAchaLa kadAca, saddhAMtika matabheda e zAstravikAsane pAyo che evI emanI mAnyatA kAraNabhUta haze. A lekhanA prakAzananI vigato pALavAmAM saMpAdana samitinA sabhyo uparAMta prA. ku. nInA bhAvanagarI tathA ku. harSA bhAvanagarIe ghaNI madada karI che. temanA tema ja A saMgrahanI presa kApI taiyAra karI ApanAra ku. purNimA bhagatajInA ame AbhArI chIe. A lekhane prakAzita karanAra sAmayikone temaja prasArita karanAra "AkAzavANIne paNa A take ame AbhAra mAnIe chIe. A lekhenA prakAzananuM kArya svIkAravA mATe navabhArata sAhitya maMdiranA zrI dhanajIbhAInAM paNa ame AbhArI chIe. A prakAzanakAryamAM amane je je vaDIle, vidvAna ane prA. jhAlAnA mitro-vidyAthIo-prazaMsako vagerenAM mArgadarzana ane sahakAra sAMpaDayAM che teonA paNa ame AbhArI chIe. ' pustakamAM keTalAka mudraNadoSo rahI gayA che, te mATe vAcakonI kSamA mAgIe chIe. ramaNalAla cI. zAha adhyakSa prA. gaurIprasAda jhAlA smAraka samiti

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anukama * lekha 37 1. govardhanarAma 2. suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvanabhAvanA 3. gujarAtI sAhityanAM be amara pAtro 4. maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI vicAradhArA * 5. arvAcInomAM AdyaH narmada . 6. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA ... 7. bhAreluM saMskRta .. ** 8. kavinI sAdhanA ... 9. kalAnuM svarUpa . 10. vivecanamAM sarvaprAhitA ane AtmalakSitA 11. arvAcIna gujarAtI vivecana .. 12. AvatIkAlanuM gujarAtI vivecana ... 13. arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitA >> 1prAcIna mUlyonuM nirUpaNa ... 2. jIvanadarzana * * 14. reDiyarUpaka viSe kaIka . 15. gujarAtI nATasAhityamAM abhinaya nATakanuM svarUpa 16. vArtAvicAra ... 17. cuMmALIsanuM graMthasya vADmaya . 5 67 7ra 77 83 5 101

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18. vAGamayavamAM 19. sundaram nuM mRcchakaTika 20. rasikalAla parIkhanuM vaeN laka 21. matsyagandhA ane gAMgeya 22. jaMbUsvAmI 23. ay 24. paricaya 25. graMtha samAleAyanA 26. paricayapustikApravRtti 27. cakravAkamithuna 28. 'vasatAtsava'mAM asabhavadeSa 29. zaivalinI" ke TinI'? : : : : 30. mahAprANa ( Aspirate )nA parAgamana vize 31. sa'peTavu 3ra. sa'peTavuM ane sameTavuM : : : : : 100 : 4; : 129 135 141 144 152 156 159 16 6 174 19; 180 185 187 193 194

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akSa rA,

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govardhanarAma Man makes the age or the age makes the man? A prazna ApaNe tyAM "#Aro vA vAra zarUH sanA vA asaraLa' e rUpe pUchAya che ane bhIme te spaSTa uttara Apyo che ke "rAnA raca jAram !" "yugane mAnavI sRje.' chatAM e uttara svIkArI letAM be ghaDI ApaNe vicAramAM paDI jaIe chIe. sAmAnya janatAne vize te "mAnavIne sUje yuga" e ja sUtra sAcuM che. paristhiti ke saMjogonA baLane vazavatI banIne ja mAnavasamudAya jIvana jIvate dekhAya che. paristhitine pAmavAnuM ke pAmyA pachI tenA upara kAbU meLavavAnuM sAmarthya tenAmAM hetuM nathI. ethI UlaTuM, Aja sudhIne jagatane ItihAsapravAha nirUpIe te dhArmika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya vagere kSetromAM mahAna delano utpanna karanAra ane paristhitimAM palaTo ApanAra baLA tarIke samartha mAnava-vyakitao ja najare Avaze. buddhizALI vyakti pitAnA vaiyaktika jIvanamAM otapreta banatAM baLAne oLakhI le che. ane prayatna dvArA e baLAne potAne anukULa banAvI zake che. joke ttara daSTi ane sAmarthyavALI vyaktio yuganAM anekavidha baLAne prIchI le che ane deza ke mAnavanA kalyANane mArge ene vALavA prayatna kare che. mAnavaitihAsa eTale saravALe to sUkSma dRSTivALA ane sAmarthyayukta mAnave paristhiti-baLane karelo paDakAra ema kahI zakAya. govardhanarAmane vicAra karIe tyAre AvI vicAraparaMparA jAge e svAbhAvika che. govardhanarAmanuM jIvana tema ja sAhityajIvana yugane sarjavAnA mAnavanA avirata prayatna jevuM che. satata rogagrasta zArIrika dazA, mUMjhavI nAkhe tevI lAMbA kALa sudhInI Arthika bhIDa,

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akSara sAmAjika ane kauTuMbika viTaMbaNAo, daivanA kaThora prahAro, jIvananA AraMbhamAM ja saMyogabaLane lIdhe abhyAsamAM maLelI niSphaLatAo- dhI, hRdayane paNa bhAMgI nAkhe evA A saMjogone pratibhAzALI ane kRtanizcaya govardhanarAme namatuM ApyuM nathI. soLame varSe ja mAre nokarI nathI karavI, svataMtra dhaMdho kare che' evo nirNaya. karanAra ane vIsame varSe vakIlAtano dhaMdho karIne cAlIsame varSe dhaMdhAmAMthI nivRtti thaI sAhityasevA ane te dvArA lokasevA karavI che evo nirNaya karanAra govardhanarAme cAlIsame varSe jyAre vakIlAtamAM dhIkatI kamANI thavA mAMDI tyAre dhadha choDavA mAMDayo, paNa snehIonA atyaMta dabANane lIdhe be varSa laMbAvIne artha-saMnyAsa lIdho ja. emAM keTaluM saMkalpabaLa, keTalI udAtta bhAvanAzIlatA ane keTalI niSThA daSTigocara thAya che ! pacAsa-bAvananI kAcI vaye mRtyunA bhaNakArA saMbhaLAtAM govardhanarAma kahe che ke "mAre have vAsanA nathI 281. My heart is like a placid lake.' 27 318 4099 prakAranI UrmithI have kSabhita thatuM nathI." A ugAramAM pratIta thatI sthitaprajJatA govardhanarAmanI jIvanadaSTinI AdhyAtmiktAnA paripAkarUpe che. A AdhyAtmikatA ke viraktinI chAyA govardhanarAmanI sarvottama sAhityakRtinA nAyakamAM pratibiMbita thAya che. e akasmAta nathI. ' govardhanarAmanI A AdhyAtmikatA jaDa athavA nivRttipradhAna hoya e to kema saMbhave? bAvIseka varSanI vaye "Practical asceticism-pravRttimaya tapasvIjIvana" upara nibaMdha lakhanAra mahattvAkAMkSI hoya ane jIvananuM navavidhAna karavAnuM dhyeya seve e svAbhAvika che. e kArya sAhitya dvArA karAyuM che e kAraNe ja enI siddhino AMka ocho mUkavAnI jarUra nathI. pazcimanAM sAhitya ane saMskRtinA saMghaTTathI ApaNuM prajAjIvana kSobha pAmyuM hatuM. navA vicAra, navI bhAvanA ane navI daSTinA thanaganATe paraMparAgata jIvanarUDhio,

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gAva narAma 3 praNAlikAo, mAnyatAe ane bhAvanAonI niSprANatA vyakta karI ApI. saMgharSa kALanA DaheALANumAMthI jIvanane niLa ane sama banAvavAnA prayatna paDitayuganA sAhityakAroe karyA che. gAva narAme te jANe zALA ane kaoNlejakALa daramyAna ja A yuganuM A AhvAna jhIlavA mAMDayuM hatuM! naisargika vicAra ane. kalpanAzaktinI sAthe utkaTa jijJAsAvRtti bhaLavAthI geAvanarAmanI sarjakazakti ane vicArazakti samRddha banI, geAvanarAma sAcA arthamAM paDita scholar hatA. sa`skRta sAhityanA ane zAstronA sarvAMgINa abhyAsI hAvA uparAMta agrejI sAhitya, arthazAstra. nItizAstra, itihAsa, rAjakAraNu vagerenA gADha paricaye emanI dRSTine vyApaka ane samanvayaniSTha banAvI. temaNe sAmAjika, dhArmika, dArzanika, atihAsika vagere viSayeA upara saMkhyAbaMdha nibadhA lakhyA che te tenI bahuzrutatA, payeSaka buddhi, tulanAzakti ane tattvagrAhitA darzAve che. emanI sUkSma dRSTie joyu ke ApaNuM prAcIna tathA arvAcIna tathA pAzcAtya arvAcIna A traNe baLeAne samanvaya karI jIvanavidhAna yeAjAya teA ja ApaNA dezamAM preya ane zreya sadhAya. AdhyAtmikatAnA pAyA upara vyakti temaja samAjanA jIvananuM nirmANu thAya. * Practical ascetisism' jIvanamaMtra banI rahe te ja janatrayANu sAdhI zakAya. A kArya mATe AraMbhamAM teAnibandharUpe peAtAnA vicAra| prajA samakSa rajU karavAnA emane Azaya hatA, paNa leAkamAnasane sArI rIte samajanAra geAvadhanarAme A vicArAne vArtAnA kalevaramAM vaNI levAnu vadhAre yeAgya dhAyu... ane pariNAme * sarasvatIca'dra' navalakathA janmI. ' * sarasvatIcaMdra' navalakathA sAhityakAra gAva narAmanu aurasa sa`tAna che. kAraNa ke temAM geAvadhanarAmanA vicAravaibhavanI sAthe tenI sa ka kalpanAnuM sauMdaryAM bhaLyu che. geAvanarAmanuM hRdaya saMskRta, aMgrejI ane phArasI kAvyasAhityanA parizIlanathI Ardra banyuM hatu.

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akSarA eTaluM ja nahi paNa A parizIlane tenI kavitvazaktine paNa khIlavI hatI. sAta varSanI vaye mAtAne copAImAM patra pAThavanAra govardhanarAme saMskRtamAM giranAra viSe kAvya racyuM hatuM. potAnI patnInA avasAnathI thayela AghAtane "hRdayaruditazataka' nAmanA saMskRta kAvyamAM vyakta karyo che. bIjAM saMskRta kAvyo uparAMta aMgrejImAM kAvyo ane pratiSThita sAmayikomAM svIkArAya tevI vArtAo lakhanAra sarjaka pratibhAe gujarAtImAM snehamudrA' jevA kAvya uparAMta sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM thokabaMdha gajhala ane gIto ApyAM che. "sarasvatIcaMdra' navalakathA che ke purANa e prazna pUcho e paNa kartAnA dhyeyanI dRSTie ane navalakathAsAhityanA ItihAsanI dRSTie vyartha che. Aje "sarasvatIcaMdrane vArtAdera sAcavI laIne bhale "saMkSipta sarasvatIcaMdranI cejanA karAya, "sarasvatIcaMdrane jagatkAdaMbarIomAM gaNanApAtra banAve e enI vArtAnuM tatva nathI. "sarasvatIcaMdrakAranI pratibhA, vaiyAsika pratibhA che ane sarasvatIcaMdra'nI AkRti nAnAmoTA aneka zRMgo ane khINothI bhavyatA dhAraNa karatI vistIrNa girimALA jevI che. mahAbhAratanA praNetA vedavyAsanI pIThe "sarasvatIcaMdrakAre svasamakAlIna rAjakIya, sAmAjika, naitika, Arthika, dhArmika, kauTuMbika vagere paristhiti nihALI ane tenuM nirUpaNa "sarasvatIcaMdra'nI sRSTi sajIne karyuM. A sRSTimAM adhamamAM adhama pAtro che, ane udAtta AdhyAtmika koTie pahoMcelA saMta paNa che. A be cheDAnI vacce vyAvahArika jagatanAM saMkulatA, gharSaNe, bhAvanAo, Adarzo, maryAdAo vagerene mUrta karatI pahela pADelA hIrAnA pAsAnI peThe vividha raMge camakatI pAtrasRSTi che. pAtronAM varNanAtmaka nirUpaNa uparAMta temanAM manomaMthano che, suMdara prasaMgacitra che, ramya prakRtivarNana che, svagatoktio ane saMvAdo che, bhavya kalpanAmaDita rUpake che ane aucityavALI suMdara upamAo che, arthane anukULa rahetI Aroha-avarohavALI vAkyaracanAo ane samRddha bhASAvaibhava

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govardhanarAma che. ane A badhAMnI sAthe nAnAmoTA nibaMdha jevA, snehalagna, yajJabhAvanA, rAjakAraNa, tatvajJAna vagere viSayonI mImAMsA karatA khaDe paNa che. paNa A prakAranI vicArasaMbhAra ja navalakathAnA rUmamAM javAno govardhanarAmane hetu hato e to ApaNe jANIe ja chIe. "sarasvatIcaMdra'no kalAdeha bhale vilakSaNa bhAsate hoya, emAM kalAdehe rajU thatI sarvatomukhI jIvanamImAMsA vyakti ne samAjanAM zreya ane preyano samanvaya karatI evI viziSTatA dhAraNa kare che ke tene lIdhe sarasvatIcaMdra'nuM AkarSaNa nitya navIna rahyA karaze. - kalAghATanI dRSTie govardhanarAmanuM "snehamudrA" nAmanuM kAvya paNa vilakSaNa ja che. prasanna dAmpatyajIvanamAM snehapAtra banelI jIvanasakhInuM ogaNIsa varSanI sukumAra vaye avasAna thayuM. govardhanarAmanA hRdayamAM A snehajIvananI mudrA evI daDha aMkAI gaI hatI ke tenA AviSkAra tarIke pahelAM to hadayaditazataka' nAmanuM saMskRta kAvya racAyuM. snehA hadayane ATalAthI saMtoSa nahi thayo hoya, jIvanamAM strInuM sthAna ane premanuM svarUpa nirUpavAnI preraNA patnInA avasAnathI thayelA viSAdamAMthI janmI hoya e saMbhavita che. "snehamudrA" athavA "hadayamAM mudrAMkita thatA snehanI chAyA' A upazIrSaka jevuM kAvyanA dhyeyanuM sUcana darzAve che ke vaiyaktika snehanirUpaNa nahi paNa snehanuM sAmAnyarUpe nirUpaNa karI jIvanamAM tenI mahattA darzAvavI e govardhanarAmanuM lakSya hatuM. pariNAme, AkRtinI dRSTie "sarasvatIcaMdra'nI peThe "snehamudrA" paNa vilakSaNa athavA te suMdaramanA zabdone prayoga karIne kahIe to, "surUpa-- virU5 banyuM che. "snehamudrA'nuM kathAnaka ke vRttAMta paNa vilakSaNa lAge che. uttaradhruvamAM vasatuM ekala dampatI asurone haNIne hiMdamAM Ave che, tyAM satI thatI hiMdu vidhavAne jeIne nAyakanI patnI * mRtyu pAme che. nAyaka parvatazikhare jaI patnI mATe vilApa kare che, rAtanA aMdhArAmAM tenI mitrapatnI sakhIo sAthe AvI

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akSA pahoMce che ane nAyikAnA avasAnanA samAcArathI mitrapatnI paNa mRtyu pAme che! ane nAyaka paNa avasAna pAmI bhUta banIne tyAM ja bhaTakyA kare che. mitra AvI pahoMcatAM A bhUta pitAnA snehajIvananuM varNana kare che. A bhUtane jagatamAM judAM judAM to ubodhe che. mRta mitrapatnInuM hadaya paNa potAnA patinA hRdayamAM bhaLI jAya che. A citra nAyakanA jyotimAM adazya thAya che ane nAyaka AkAzajyotimAM maLe che. A samaye prAtakALa thAya che ane cakravAyugalanA citrathI kAvya puru thAya che. ekaso ne dasa khaMDamAM patharAyela A kAvyanuM abhipreta vaktavya dhyAnamAM laIe to vastunI kalpanA keTalI vicitratAvALI ane asAdhAraNa lAge che ! paNa eTalI vicitratA-ene vicitratA ja kahevI-kAvyanI bhASA ane chaMdojanA para paNa najare Ave che. bhArekhama saMskRta zabdo yojanAra kavi ahIM, aucityanI paravA karyA vinA ja jANe ke taLapadA ke grAmya zabda prayoje che. Ida janA te kazA paNa dhoraNane anulakSIne thaI hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. saMskRta chaMdonI sAthe doharA, savaiyA, copAI, kaTAvane meLa yojAyo che. A vastusthiti tarapha govardhanarAma jevA vidvAna ane rasika paDita kema upekSAzIla banyA haze te samajavuM muzkela che. AvI vicitra kSatio hovA chatAM ' snehamudrAmAM suMdara kAvyakalpanA ane abhivyakti vidyamAna che ema svIkAravuM joIe. megha ke AkAza ke siMha vagerenI uktiomAM suMdara kAvyatva che. snehamudrAne vidvAna kavi dhAre te uttama kAvyaracanA karI zake evI pratIti A kAvyanA vAcakane thAya che. govardhanarAmanuM sAhityakSetre kAvyavivecaka tarIke, jIvanacaritralekhaka tarIke ane nibaMdhalekhaka tarIke paNa arpaNa noMdhapAtra che. "sAkSarajIvana" ane "kalAsikala poeTsa oNpha gujarAta govardhanarAmanI kAvyamImAMsaka tarIke ApaNane jhAMkhI karAve che. navalarAma lakSmIrAmanI

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govardhanarAma navalakathA ane "dayArAmane akSaradeha -govardhanarAmanI A baMne purogAmI sAhityakArone apAyelI aMjalirUpa che. "lIlAvatI jIvanakalA ne nAno graMtha vatsala pitAe saMskAra sIMcIne ucherelI putrInuM yauvanamAM avasAna thatAM tenI smRtine ApelI bhAvArda aMjali che. A uparAMta govardhanarAmanuM ghaNuM sAhitya hajI aprakaTa dazAmAM ja paDayuM che. hamaNAM ja zrI kAMtilAla paMDayAe jaNAvyuM che te pramANe tenI DAyarIomAM sacavAI raheluM sAhitya ja hajAreka pAnAM jeTaluM vipula che. govardhanarAmanuM badhuM lakhANa vicAranirbhara haze e viSe bhAgye ja be mata hevA saMbhava che. chatAM govardhanarAma sarasvatIcaMdrakAra che e eka ja hakIkata tene gujarAtI sAhityakSetramAM viziSTa gauravavALuM sthAna haMmezane mATe apAvavA pUratuM che. (AkAzavANI, muMbaI. 8 phebruArI, 1957)

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suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA - " ApaNI prajA, ApaNo deza, ApaNo kALa, ApaNA vicAra-AcAra ane AdhiupAdhi : e sarvanA vartamAna citra vacce UbhAM rahIne ApaNI bhAvi prajAnuM e ja viSayonA raMgathI bhareluM kalpita citra AlekhavuM e A kathAne eka viziSTa uddeza che...sarva chAyAonuM sacarita pratibiMba eka aMdazamAM pADavuM. A kAryamAM citrane aMge gauNa paNa anyathA pradhAna udeza eka e che ke anekaraMgI saMpattivipattiomAM DUbatAM ane taratAM Arya-AyaMgaNanAM hRdayone kaIka jAtanuM deza-kALane anukULa uccagrAhI avalaMbana darzAvavuM' - 'sarasvatIcaMdra' bhAga-3. prastAvanA. A dhyeyane anulakSIne parikathA lakhanAra sarasvatIcaMdra-kAre arvAcIna jIvananAM aneka 'aMge-rAjakIya dhArmika, sAmAjika, kauTuMbika vagerenuM nirIkSaNa karyuM; saikAothI gADha thatI jatI jaDatA nihALI; rUDhinuM prAbalya joyuM; rasanI viDaMbanA bhALI, prAcIna AryAvartanI buddhinI vedhakatA ane vyApakatA, ane tenA darzananAM tAtvikatA ane audArya A ejisvI guNone badale arvAcIna jIvanamAM manodazAnI saMkucitatA ane buddhinI kuMThitatA joI; A baMdhiyAra ane kehatAM jIvana-jaLamAM pazcimanI vidyAo, AcAravicAra ane saMskRtine dhasamasa vaheto pravAha AvI maLe. prajAjIvanamAM AMdolana ane vamaLo UDyAM. bhathI jIvana AkuLa banyuM. paNa jema triveNIne saMkSubdha pravAha saMgamasthAnathI dUra vahetAM traNe veNane zobhana samanvaya pAmIne ekarasa prasannatA dhAre te pramANe A traNe baLAarvAcIna jIvanasaraNI, tenA mULamAM rahelI

Page #18
suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA prAcIna Arya-saMskRti ane pAzcAtya saMskRtinA saMparkanI triveNunAM vaheNa Akhare prasanna samavaya pAmaze evuM govardhanarAme kayuM. jema pazcimanI "navIna ane rAjasa vidyAo ane saMskRtine AdhyAtmika saMzuddhi ane anuprANananI jarUra che, tema "AryAvartanI prAcIna ane sAtvika vidyAo ane saMskRtine AjanA dezakALane anukULa AkAra-parivartananI jarUra che. A baMne baLonI A pramANe saMzuddhi thAya ane ApaNuM jIvana e saMzuddha baLAne jhIlIne prakAzamAna bane te vyaktine ane samAjane je jIvanasaraNuM sAMpaDe che, vyaktinA adhikArane lakSamAM rAkhIne racAyelI hovAthI nitya kalyANakara ane Aka-paraloka baMne sAdhanArI nIvaDe. A Adarza jIvanasaraNI ane tenI pAchaLa rahelI jIvananI bhAvanA ane dRSTi govardhanarAme suMdaragirinA sAdhuonA jIvananAM nirUpaNuM ane mImAMsA dvArA rajU karI che. A sAdhuo vedAMtanI jIva, Izvara ane brahmanI tripuTIne sthAne lakSya ane alakSyanI dipuTIne mAne che. sAmAnya mANase jIva ane IzvaranA upAdhi aMzane ja joI zake che. tethI jIva ane Izvarane A sAdhuo lakSya"lakha" kahe che, ane upAdhihIna brahmane sAmAnya mAna joI zakatA nathI tethI tene alakSya-alakha' kahe che. teo saMsAra athavA mAyAne tyAjya gaNatA nathI. sAMsArika bhAvono svIkAra paNa na kare ane tyAga paNa na karo, kAraNa A badhA bhAvo parama alakSyanA lakharUpanI * vibhUtio che, eTale "lakha'nI upAsanA dvArA "alakha ga jagAvo e emane mukhya siddhAMta che. gItAmAM zrIkRSNa arjunane upadezelA niSkAma karmaga jevo A sAdhuono bhAga che, tethI ja viSNudAsa sUtrarUpe samajAve che ke "ame jema rakta nathI tema virakta paNa nathI, ame te mAtra arata chIe. (bhAga-3, prakaraNa 5 muM) tethI AdhyAtmika unnati mATe saMnyAsa na letAM sau koIe potAne prApta thayelA dharmonuM-rAjadharma, gAIzyadharma, bradharma vagerenuM

Page #19
akSara phaLanI abhilASA vinA pAlana karyuM javuM ane tema karatAM karatAM bhakti dvArA jIva-IzanuM advaita racIne chevaTe jJAna dvArA nirUpAdhika brahma-parama tatvane pAmavuM. A alakha saMpradAyamAM sai keIne avakAza che, ane potapotAnA adhikAra pramANe kaniSTha, madhyama ke uttamAdhikArInI kakSA pAme che. Azramo paNa cArane badale be ja svIkArAyA che-eka saMsArI janone ane bIje sAdhujanone. dharmazAstroe gRhasthAzramamAM paMcamahAyajJo ane RNa-trayanI vyavasthA karI che. tenI aMtargata bhAvanAo prIchI laIne yatheSTa rIte tenuM rUpAMtara A saMpradAya svIkAre che. dharmazAstroe upadezelA ATha prakAranA vivAhamAMthI saMsAre gAndharva vivAhane tiraskAryo, A sAdhujano gAMdharva vivAhane ja svIkAre che, paNa te kAmanI sUkSma ane akaluSita bhUmikAone AdhAre ja, sUkSma kAma, bhoga ane prIti tarapha mITa mAMDIne snehajIvana bhegavanArAM sAdhu-sAdhvIomAM vaidhurya ane vaidhavya nathI. lakSyadharma upara bhAra mUkato A saMpradAya, zakti ane maryAdAo pramANe saune ucca jIvanano ane jIvanavikAsane avakAza Ape che. A ja marmagrAhI vizALa daSTine lIdhe suMdaragirinA sAdhumaMDaLamAM strIne paNa sthAna che. strI-puruSanA sthaLa saMbaMdha ane vAsanAone te te adhikArInI zakti-azakita pramANe nibhAvI laIne haLave haLave sthaLamAMthI sUkSma-AMtarabhUmikAmAM laI javAmAM Ave che. ane tethI ja suMdaragiri upara jema jJAnI saMnyAsIo mATe viSNudAsano maTha che, tema sthULa kAma ane bheganI sahAya vinA sukSma kAmane na pAmI zake tevAM sAdhu-sAdhvIo mATe dAmpatyajIvananI sagavaDa Apato vihAramaTha che. ane kanyakAo, sthULa zarIre vidhavAo paNa sUkSma zarIre sadhavAo, ane pravRjitAo mATe parivajitAo mATe parivrAjaka maTha rAkhavAmAM Avyo che. paNa sarva maThanA vAsIo ahaMtA-mamatAthI virakta ane svabhAve sAdhu heAya che.

Page #20
mudagiranA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA 11 ( ATaluM sAmAnya dana karyA pachI have ApaNe prastuta prakaraNeAmAM nirUpAyelA viSayeA tarapha vaLIe. kumuda, caMdrAvalI ane sAdhvI-maMDaLanI vacce vArtAlApa dvArA lagna ane dAMpatyanI je mImAMsA karAI che te dvArA geAvanarAmabhAIe A sAmAjika ane vaiyaktika jIvanamAM ati mahattvanA praznoneA Adarza ukela rajU karyAM che; temAM pUrva ane pazcimanI saraNIonA subhaga samanvaya che. rUDhinA rathayakra nIce kacaDatAM ane vyaktivikAsane ru dhatAM dehalagna'te sthAne gAMdhava lagnane apanAvyAM che, paNa e gAMdhava lagna eTale pAzcAtya samAjamAM pracalita, mATe bhAge sthULa vAsanAe upara pratiSThita saMbadha nahi, A gAMdhava lagna kAmanI sukSma bhUmikAe upara avalaMbIne hRdayanuM je advaita sAdhe che temAM sthULa zarIra, sthULa vAsanAe ke bhAganI apekSA heAtI nathI. ane tethI ja sUkSma dAmpatyanAM adhikArIe ekakhIjAnA mRtyuthI paNa viyeAga anubhavatAM nathI. kumudanu` vAgyAna sarasvatIcaMdra sAthe thaI gayuM hatuM ane baMne vacce sUkSma-prIti-taMtue gUMthAyA hatA ane parizIlana dvArA emanA hRdayanu' advaita siddha thatuM hatuM. acAnaka sarasvatIcaMdra cAlyeA gaye... kumudanA pitAe tene pramAdadhananI joDe paraNAvI. Ama kumuda pramAdadhananI patnI thaI, ane tenuM satyaniSTha ane pativratAdharma - parAyaNa mana paNa e vastusthiti svIkAratu* hatuM. chatAM sarasvatIcaMdra tarapha vaLelA hRdayane te sarvathA vArI na zakI. A paristhitimAM kumudane pati kANu-sarasvatIcaMdra ke pramAdadhana ? A kUTapraznane uttara cadrAvalI ane khIjI sAdhvIone taddana spaSTa ane sahelA che, kAraNa temanI lagnabhAvanA ane sneha-mImAMsA tAttvika ane sarvAMgIya che. sa'sAramAM je laggA thAya che te IMbha-lagnA kavi nhAnAlAla kahe che te ' lagnanAmI lagnA' che. mAtApitA pAtapeAtAnAM kAraNe anu ane apakava vayanAM putra ke putrIone paraNAvI de che temAM zAstranI paNa sa'mati nathI, saptapadInI pratijJAe te samajapUrvaka levAnI pratijJAe che. ane

Page #21
- akSara tethI e samajIne laI zakAya tevI vaye kanyAnAM lagna thavAM joIe. saptapadInA maMtro ja darzAve che ke lagna pahelAM saMvanana ane parasparanuM sneha-parizIlana thayuM tevuM joIe. vaLI, saMsArIonI dAmpatya-daSTimAM ane sAdhujananI dRSTimAM kAmanA bhinna bhinna prakArone lIdhe bheda che. kAma, bhoga ane prIti-e traNa manmathanI avasthAo che ane kAmanA paNa pAzava, jAra, parizIlaka ane putrAyita evA cAra bheda che. temAM pAzavakAma dharma-adhama -vRttithI zUnya kevaLa bhejaya-bhojakanA sthaLa saMbaMdha bAMdhe che. jArakAma adhamya che, samAjane hAnikAraka che ane strI-puruSa baMnenA kalyANano vivaMsaka che. parizIlaka kAma saMvananakALathI vivAha kALa sudhI bIjadazAmAM rahe che ane vivAha pachI ja tenI bhAgadazA ane ratisamRddhi udaya pAme che. A sUkSma kAmanI jyota saMyoge ne viyoge kanyA kare che ane dampatInAM hadayomAM snehanuM advaita vyakta kare che. te kavacit niSkAmavRttithI sthULa vAsanAone lAlanathI paDyuM che te kavacita aMkuza mUkIne temane nirodha kare che-A baMne rIte te niraMtara dIpta thatuM rahe che. vivAha pachInA A putrAyita kAmamAM dampatI sthaLa zarIra ane vAsanAone badale sUkSma zarIra upara mITa mAMDe che ane te dvArA saMka9pAdinI sahAyathI sUkSma bhAga ane rati pAme che. - sthULa zarIrane ke sUkSma zarIrane avalaMbIne thatAM kAma, bhoga ane prIti sthaLa ke sUkSma kahevAya. alakha-mArgIo kevaLa sthULa kAma, bhoga ke prItine sevatA nathI, sUkSma kAma, bhoga ke prItino anAdara karatA nathI. be hadayo vacce mAttara: src hetuH sUkSya AkarSaNa utpanna kare tyAre A sUkSma kAmano anAdara na karatAM puruSa strInuM saMvanana karavuM ane baMnee paraspara hadayanuM parizIlana karavuM. A saMvanana ane parizIlana nirvina samApta thAya to A sUkSma Atma-lagnane gAMdharva-lagna dvArA vyakta karavuM ane dAmpatya-jIvanane svIkAra karo. paNa dAmpatyajIvana dvArA sUkSma

Page #22
suMdaragiranA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA 13 kAmanI sevA karatAM karatAM sthULa kAmane gALI nAkhavA ane kevaLa sUkSma kAmanuM avalaMbana rAkhavuM. AthI sAdhu-sAdhvIomAM vidhuratA ke vaidhanya nathI, kAraNa ke dehapAta pachI alakSya svarUpe e vyakti amara che ane tethI tenI sAthe sakalpa dvArA bhAga ane rati-prItine anubhava thaI zake che. Ama sUkSma AdhyAtmika sneha-lagna kevaLa A leAka nahi paNa paraleAkamAM paNa ' lagna' ja banI rahe che. : saMsAranA vivAheAmAM nathI sarUMvanana ke nathI parizIlana; kAma hamezAM sthULa, bhAga paNa sthULa ane prIti paNa kevaLa sapratyayAtmikA. mArAM mAtApitAe mArA pati tarIke svIkArele puruSa A, e bhAvathI je puruSa upara prIti khaMdhAya te saMpratyayAtmikA prIti. je lagnamAM * AtmAnI eLakha' na thaI hoya te lagna sAcu lagna kharuM ? te puruSa vara ke para ? sAdhujananI dRSTie pramAdadhana kumudanA jAra-pati che, * AtmAne eLakhe ' tevA pati tA sarasvatIcadra. A vicArasaraNIthI caMdrAvalI vagere kumudane sarasvatIcaMdra mATenI peAtAnI sUkSma prItine avakAza ApavA uodhe che. (prakaraNa-18) " sAdhvIenA sAthamAM madhurI 'ne joI tyArathI tenA pratye atyAranI paristhitimAM peAtAnA dhamaze e vicAravamaLamAM sarasvatIcaMdra AvI paDayo. AvA zAMta sAttvika vAtAvaraNamAM kumudane pUrNa zAMti maLaze ane tethI peAtAnuM hRdayazalya paNa zAMta thaze, kumudanI sAthe peAtAnA saMsaga bhayakara thaze-have tene dUra ja rAkhavA, evI vicAra-para parAmAM taNAtA ane jyAre cadrAvalI kumudane paricaya sAdhavAnuM sUcana kare che tyAre tene e kAmAM aneka deSA najare paDe che. kumudanu hRdaya, enA peAtAneA pati uparanA prema ane pativratAdhama -e traNene A mAga anukULa che ke kema ? kumuda jevI pavitra strIne puNyamAge laI javI e peAtAnI prItinA pradhAna uddeza ane, khaMnee Ave! prasaga UbhA karIne sthULa kAmane uddIpita

Page #23
14 akSaro karavAnuM jokhama zA mATe vaheravuM? A praznonuM samartha nirAkaraNa rasa ane jJAnanA nidhisamI caMdrAvalI Ape che: sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda vacce je sUkSma prIti utpanna thaI hatI tevI pavitra ane "paraspara zarIrane dUra rAkhanArI paNa daSTi yoga ane manaHsaMyoganuM rakSaNa karanArI" prItine saMtRpta karavA mATe kayo mArga le yogya che tenI parIkSA karavAnA hetuthI ja sAdhumaMDaLe e baMnenA samAgama-prasaMganI yojanA karI che. jo e prasaMga uparathI jaNAya ke paraspara saMkaLAyelA urataMtuo sahelAIthI aLagA thaI zake tema nathI ane sthaLa kAmane avakAza apavAnI AvazyakatA che to vihAramaThamAM e baMne dAmpatya-jIvana gALI zake, ane nahitara kevaLa sukSma prItinuM parizIlana thaI zake. AvA samAgamamAM kumudanA hRdayane, patipremane ke pativratAdharmane bAdha Avaze ke kema te kumude nakkI karavAnuM che. Avo samAgama alakha-saMpradAyanI dRSTie adhamya nathI kAraNa "amArA nyAyathI te tame enA manmathAvatAre varAvelA zuddha ane eka pati che, ane enA zarIranA patine to ame jAra gaNue chIe. A samAgama jo sarasvatIcaMdra kumuda prati karelA anyAyanuM prAyazcitta gaNI zakAya ane e baMnenI AMtaraprIti satya hoya te to A samAgama kartavyarUpa thAya che, ane temAM AnAkAnI karavI e jJAnavIrane aNachAjatuM che. paNa, sarasvatIcaMdrane zama-sukha ane paramatatvanuM jJAna meLavavAnI abhilASA hoya ane te kAraNe e kumudanI sAthe prasaMga na pADavA icchatA hoya te-caMdrAvalI spaSTa kahe che-sarasvatIcaMdra hajI alakha mArgane yoga samajyo nathI. alakSyanI upAsanA karavA khAtara lakSyano tiraskAra karavo e alakhayogano mArga nathI. saMsAramAM rahevuM ane zama-sukha pAmavuM, rAga-dveSa vinA Indri vaDe viSayane caravA paNa indriyone vaza na thavuM, "kAmakAmI' na thavuM tema "kAma-lI" paNa na thavuM-Avo niSkAma karmavega Acaravo

Page #24
15 suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA e ja sAce mArga che ane kadAca A yoga sAdhavA jatAM bhraSTa thaI javAya te paNa e yogabhraSTanA bhoge kalyANakara che ane tenI gati saravALe UrdhvagAmI che. * sAcA zamane mATe te traNe zarIra-kAraNa, sUkSma ane sthUla-nI saMsiddhinI AvazyakatA che. skUla zarIra (anamaya keza)nI judI judI avasthAo dvArA ane pitAnI zaktithI sUkSma zarIra (prANamaya koza, manamaya koza, vijJAnamaya keza) sUkSmatara thatuM jAya che, ane kAraNa zarIra pUrvasaMskArone potAnI sAthe laI jAya che, ane kamekrame sUkSma zarIra jema jema sUkSmatAmAM vadhatuM jAya che tema tema vAsanAzarIra vadhyA kare che. paNa jevuM sUkSma zarIra saMsiddhi dizAmAM Ave che ke tarata ja vAsanAzarIrane hAsa thavA mAMDe che, ane te sAthe sukSma zarIranI zakti saMsAranAM kalyANakAryamAM kharacAvA mAMDe che. AthI sUkSma zarIra sUkSmatama thAya che ane ahaMtA mamatA, rAga, dveSa vagere dro gaLI jatAM vAsanA samaSTirUpa dhArIne kSINa thaI jAya che. vAsanA zarIra zAMta thayuM eTale sUkSmazarIra sUkSmatama thaI zAMta thAya che, ane sthUla zarIra bUjhAyelA dIvAnI vATa peThe paDayuM rahe che. AvA sarvAgINa paripAka vinA kevaLa vidyAne baLe ke jaDatAthI je kaI vAsanAne zAMta karavA mathe te asagrahathI adhIrI thaI vairAgya zodhe che paNa te kevaLa AtmaghAta ja kare che ane tame guNamAM sarI paDe che. sthUla zarIra potAnA * vipAkathI ja naSTa thAya ane sUkSma tathA kAraNu zarIra karmanA vipAkane aMte jAte ja saMsiddha thAya tyAre zuddha zama pAmI zakAya ane muditAzayanI saMsiddha dazA anubhavI zakAya. A muditAzayane prApta thayelA siddhajanone badhA vidhiniSedha svayaMbhAta hoya che-zAstranA vidhiniSedha temane bAdhaka nathI. teo leke pakAranA aneka mArgo ApoApa ja grahI zake che. "alakha yogIone Azaya, saMsAranA bhraSTAcArathI dUra rahI, mAtra vRkSanA jevA upakAra karavAthI tRpta thAya che."

Page #25
akSara A prIta, vairAgya ane vidyA-A tripuTInA apurva saMgathI UbharAtA rasanuM caMdrAvalInAM vacanomAMthI pAna karI saMtRpta thayela sarasvatIcaMdra nakaTo no: tirthadhA jevI sthiti anubhave che. (prakaraNa-23) . viSNudAsa ziSyamaMDaLa sAthe besIne sarasvatIcaMdra saMbadhe vAtacIta karatAM kahe che ke thoDA divasa mATe sarasvatIcaMdrane ciraMjIva zaMga upara vAsa Ape che. tyAM tene aneka siddhone samAgama thAya te traNe maThanuM apUrva kalyANa thAya. kAraNa ke mArI pachI yaduzaganA adhiSThAtA tarIke kArya karavAne sarasvatIcaMdra uttama adhikArI che. tene saMsAranA anubhava ane sAdhujananA utkarSa-A barnane anubhava che. ane jyotizAstra sarasvatIcaMdrane mahAna tyAgane ane te dvArA yazRMgane thavAnA mahAna lAbhanA praha-ga batAve che. caMdrAvalI paNa sarasvatIcaMdrane ciraMjIvathaMga upara rAkhavA mAge che. paNa te bIjA ja, kumuda sAthenI sUkSma prItinA paripAkanA hetuthI, viSNudAsanA A udgAro aneka prazno ane zaMkAo upajAve che. jyotizAstra varNavelA grahayoga zI rIte mAnavanI gatinuM niyamana karI zake che? - e graha-ga ja je mAnavInI gati ke bhAvi ghaDato hoya te mAnavIe karma karavAnI zI jarUra? IzvarecchA baLavAna ke grahayoga ? tiH zAstranA phalAdeza ane mAnavIne bhAsatA dharma vacce virodha hoya tyAre zuM karavuM ? puruSanI saMsiddhi dvArA strInI saMsiddhi zI rIte thaI zake ? viSaNudAse kareluM samAdhAna A pramANe cheH paramAtmAnA vizvarUpamAM graho aMzabhUta che, ane temanAM nADIcakranuM mULa paramAtmAnI IcchA sAthe ja sadhAyuM che. ane tethI sarvatra e IzvarecchA niyAmaka tarIke pravarte che. jyotizAstra A grahayoga vagere phalAdeza banAve che tethI manuSyanI gati ane IzvarecchAnA mArgo prakAzamAM Ave che-paNa tethI manuSyanAM dharma ane kartavya naSTa nathI thatAM, mATe phalAdeze vyakta karelI gatine pAmavA mATe mAnavIne anukULa puruSArtha Avazyaka bane

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17. suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA che jyAre phalAdezamAM ane ApaNI dRSTie bhAsatA dharmamAM virodha hoya tyAre vyavasthA evI che ke "alakSya paramAtmAnI lakSma dRSTi sapuruSanA hRdayamAM sphare che tene ja prathama Adara Apo" AvI nirmaLa "aMtaHkaraNanI pravRttine je Avazyaka dharma lAge te avazya Acare, je adhamya lAge te vajevo ane jyAM dharmAdharmane prazna upasthita na thatuM hoya tyAM sau potAnI sthULa-sUkSma-zarIranI rasavRtti pramANe vatIne saMskArane paripAka pAme che. sAdhujano to vyavahAramAM prApta sthitine anukULa thaI jAya che, ane aprAptane mATe eSaNa sevatA nathI. chellA praznanA uttaramAM viSNudAsa kahe che ke jema tiHzAstramAM nADIco varNavelAM che ane te manuSyanAM zarIra, buddhi, vAsanAo ane bhAgyane sUryamaMDaLa ane grahonAM nADIcakramAM pravartAve che tema alakha-mata paNa evAM nADIkra varNave che. AvAM nADIcakramAM aMzabhUti prItinuM nADIcakra paNa che. zuddha dhamya prItithI saMdhAyelAM dampatI vacce AvAM nADIcakro che ane tethI siddhinA nADIcakrane baLe utkarSa pAmanAra patinI sAthe pativratA strI paNa AkarSAya che ane utkarSa pAme che. ane AthI ja jyAre viSNudAsa sarasvatIcaMdra siddha karavAnA hetuthI tenA zarIramAM praveza karI tenI avazeSa rahelI sUkSmatama vAsanAone bALI devA mATe je nADIsaMyoga racaze tenA AkarSaNanA helArA jema sarasvatIcaMdra anubhavaze tema "madhurImaiyA" paNa satya nADIkathI joDAyelI haze te te paNa keTaleka aMze anubhavaze. (prakaraNa-24) - sanAtana dharma saMsArI janonA AcAra vagerenA niyamo manuM vagere mahAtmAoe ApyA che. A dharmazAstromAM samAjane saMrakSavAnuM, vyavasthita rAkhavAnuM dhyeya hoya che. paNa tenA niyama aneka dezakALanA vicArothI ghaDAyA che. tethI te sarvathA sanAtana a. 2

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18 akSara nathI, ane dezakALamAM parivartana thaye temanAM vidhAnamAM pheraphAra Avazyaka bane che. sAMprata kALanI paristhitine najara AgaLa rakhatAM paNa temanAM paMca mahAyajJanAM AtmA ane zarIra judA prakAranAM che. dharmazAstranA yajJamAM (1) zrAddhakarmamAM picchedaka ApIne mRta pitA-mAtAdine tema karavA te pitRyajJa, (2) AvelA atithinuM sanmAna. karavuM e manuSyaya; (3) pazupakSI vagere bhUte upara dayA rAkhIne poSaNa mATe bali ApavA te bhUtayag; (4) yajJamAM devone uddezIne hama karavAmAM Ave te devayA; ane 5) vedAdhyayana ane zAstrAbhyAsa : karavAM te brahmayajJa. A sAMsArika yo mATe sthaLa samagrInI jarUra paDe che. sAmAnya rIte te sakAma hoya che ane sIdhI ke ADI rIte pitAnuM kalyANa karavAnA hetuthI jAya che. UlaTuM, alakha sAdhujanonA cAnI sAmagrA sUkSma AdhyAtmika hoya che ane rAgadveSa ke kAmanAthI mukta hoya che. kevaLa niSkAma kartavya tarIke karAya che, ane te dvArA parazvameranA divya saMketa ane prajanane anukULa thavA mATe sAdhujane potAnI sarva zaktino lokakalyANamAM viniyoga kare che. sAdhujananA ya 1 maThayajJa (saMsArIonA * pitRyAne sthAne) 2 manuSyayajJa-(a) prItiyA (A) atithiyajJa AkAraka atithiyara lakSyayajJa- che AmaMtrita , Agantuka 3 bhUta -(a) dayAyajJa (A) vyavahArayajJa (I) vidyAyajJa alakSyayajJa- 4 devayajJa athavA RtayajJa 5 brahmayajJa athavA satyayajJa

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suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA 19 - 1 maya-saMsAramAM pitAmAtAdinI tRpti mATe putro pitRyajJa kare che. AvI tRptinA abhyAsathI pitAmAtAdine te mATe bhavRtti thAya ane tethI e pitayajJa karavAmAM ja putra tatpara rahe te bIjA yajJo na karI zake. mAtApitA paNa pote karavAnA yajJamAM apUrNa rahe ane sRSTinI parama pejanAmAM A rIte vidana UbhAM thAya. sAdhujananI tAtvika daSTie te pitAmAtA vagere saMbaMdho kevaLa AtmarUpa che, ane vyavahAradaSTie pitAmAtAdine apAtI aMjali te bhAvenA pratIka samI che. AthI sAdhujanee pitRyajJane sthAne mayajJanI pejanA karI che. putro vagere potAnAM karma karavAne samartha thAya tyAM sudhI mAtApitA tenuM rakSaNa kare ane pachI maThane dattaka ApI de che ane pitAnA adhikArano tyAga kare che. AvA putra pitRyajJa nathI karatA. paNa maThayajJa kare che. sAdhusatkAra, gurusatkAra, AzramasatkAra, maThasatkAra ane yadunandanasatkAra vagere dvArA maThayajJa sadhAya che. 2 manuSyayajJa-potAnA saMbaMdhamAM AvanAra, potAnI pAse AvanAra manuSya (atithi)nI tRpti mATe A yajJa yojAya che. A atithio traNa prakAranA che: mAtApitA ApaNane janma ApIne bALapaNamAM bharaNapoSaNa kare che tyAM sudhI ApaNe temanA "AmaMtrita atithi (netarAyelA atithi) kahevAIe, paNa tyAra pachI ApaNe ApaNuM dharmo pALavAne samartha thaIe eTale ApaNe yajamAna thaIe chIe. mAtApitA tarapha kRtajJabuddhithI pharaja adA karIe eTale mAtApitA ApaNAM atithi thAya che. mAtApitA ApaNane janma ApIne "elAve che mATe te "AkAraka" atithi kahevAya che. te ja rIte kuTuMba, jJAti, svadeza vagere ApaNuM "AkAraka atithi kahevAya. sAce pitRyajJa mAtApitA vagere AkAraka atithi nI tRpti mATe jAya che. paNa sAdhujano mAtApitA vagere bhAvanA rAkhatA nathI ane saune adhyAtmadaSTie jue che tethI pitRyajJane

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akSaNa samAveza manuSyayajJamAM ja thAya che. saMsAranA sAmAnya vyavahAranA bIjA saMbaMdhe dvArA je vyaktinuM sanmAna karavuM Avazyaka bane te vyakti "Agantuka atithi " kahevAya. sAMsArika lagna joDAyelAM ane hadayanuM sa pUrNa advaita na pAmelAM pati-patnI eka ke bIjA prakAranAM atithi ja che. paNa sAdhujanonI peThe jenuM dAmpatya sadbhavRtti upara avalaMbatuM hoya ane hadayanA advaitamAM pariNamyuM hoya tyAM yajamAna-atithine saMbaMdha ja nathI. hRdayanuM advaita, prItinI sUkSmatA ane dharma sahacAranI saMpUrNatA e traNanA sAdhanathI daMpatI parasparanA poSaNa athe race te pratiyajJa che.. - mAtApitA vagere "AkAraka atithi taraphanA ApaNuM dharmamAM tenI yogyatA ke aAgyatAnA vicArane avakAza ja nathI, putraputrI vagere "Amanvita atithinI yogyatA - ayogyatAne vicAra AmaMtraNa ApyA pahelAM karavAnuM che. paNa te pachI to ApaNuM pharajo avazya kartavya bane che. mAtra "AgaMtuka atithi taraphanA ApaNA dharmomAM tenI pAtratA-apAtratAne vicAra karavo ghaTe. apAtra 'Agantuka atithino bhUtayajJamAM samAsa thAya che. 3 bhUtayajJa-atithi na thaI zake tevA manuSya ane pazupakSI vagere jaMtuonI tRpti mATe je yajJa karAya (ApaNu temanA taraphanI je pharajo) te bhUtayajJa. temanA uddhAra mATe dayA rAkhIne A yajJa karAya che mATe te dayAyaNa paNa kahevAya. je bhUtanA (beings) saMsargathI dharmamAM pratyakSa ke parokSa rIte hAni thavA saMbhava hoya te bhUtano uddhAra ApaNA hAthamAM nathI ema mAnavuM-dayAne khAtara dayA na rAkhavI. yajJakAryane mATe je sAmagrIe joIe ane te ekaThI karavAmAM jaDacetana bhUto sAthe vyavahAra karavo paDe te vyavahAra kahevAya. A yajJa bahudhA sakAma phaLanI AzA rAkhIne thAya che.

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ja che. suMdaragirinA sAdhujananI jIvana-bhAvanA suSTinA jaDa ane cetana padArtho, temanAM svarUpa, guNadoSa, paraspara saMbadha vagerenuM avalokana karI, temanAM zo racIne temane jJAnanA viSaya banAvavA e vidyAyajJa. A vidyAyajJa anata che ane svarUpe bhUtayajJa ja che. 4 devayajJa athavA RtayajJa-saMsAramAM Indriyo vaDe je kaMI pratyakSa thAya che te atyaMta satya nathI. saMsAramAM je je satya kahevAya che te sarva zAstramAM paNa satya hoya ema nathI. saMsAra caMdranA tejane caMdranuM ja mAne che, paNa zAstra to tene sUryanuM teja gaNe che. Ama zAstra dvArA sRSTinA sarva padArtho, temanI utpatti, sthiti ane laya, temanA vyavahAra ane vyavasthAonA pravAha-A asaMkhya viSayo niraMtara gatimAna che ane temanI gatinuM ane saMbaMdhonuM yathArtha svarUpa te te viSayanA draSTAo zodhe che. temane je satya pratyakSa thAya che te Rta kahevAya che. (Rta-gatimAna hovuM.) sakaLa samaSTinA aMzonuM nirUpaNa ane aneka dezIya darzana karanArAo 5 ( Dynamic Law and Aspect of the First Principle)ne pratyakSa kare che. sakaLa ane saMpUrNa Rt te yogIne RtaMbharI prajJA-sarva lakSya padArthonI pAchaLa rahelA parama tavanA lakSyarUpane pAmI zake tevI prajJA-dvArA thAya che ane jyAre yogIne prajJAprasAda thAya tyAre sarva dizA, sarva kALa ane sarva viSayo ekalAmAM te pratyakSa karI zake che. Rtadarzana pAmanArA yegIo vizvanI gati ane vikAsanI pAchaLa rahelA mahAniyamanuM ane sRSTinuM rahasya samaje che ane lokakalyANanA hetu ane aneka mArgo jANI zake che. A darzana mATe yogIo je yajJa sAthe te RtayajJa, te devayajJa paNa kahevAya che kAraNa ke te dvArA sAtvika buddhi, satvanI ane devenI tRpti thAya che. : 5 brahmayajJa-Rta satya che, paNa sApekSa satya che. parama tatvathI je nirNa, niSkriya, nirvikAra avasthA jemAMthI sarva

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akSaNa gati ane vyakti AvirbhAva pAme che te avasthA ja parama satya che. ane te sanAtana parama satyano yajJa te brahmayajJa athavA satyayajJa. mahAtmAe sarvalakSyayajJonI sAdhanA karI dhyAnayoga ane tapa dvArA Rtadarzana ane satya darzana eka sAthe pAme che. A dharma sanAtana che ane sarva dezakALane mATe che. kevaLa sAMsArika yajJadharmamAM adhyAtmadaSTi nathI, kevaLa vyavahAradharmamAM satyadRSTi nathI, ane kevaLa dayA dharmamAM RtadaSTi nathI. Rta ane satyanA adhyAtma ane sanAtana agnimAM siddha karelAM Atitheya ane yonI vyavasthA ja sarva lekane ane sarva kALane mATe che." RNavyavasthA dharmazAstroe kahyuM che ke gRhastha jyAM sudhI traNa RNamAMthI mukta na thayo hoya tyAM sudhI saMnyAsa na laI zake. te traNa RNo devaRNe, RSiRNa ane pitRRNa ane A RNamAMthI yajJa, svAdhyAya ane putpAdana dvArA mukta thavAya che. sAdhujanoe alakhadIkSA pachI paNa svAdhyAya ane yajJa te cAlu rAkhavAnA che, eTale alakhA saMpradAya temane RNa tarIke gaNato nathI. putpAdananuM RNa svIkAratuM nathI. kAraNa advaita pAmelAM daMpatInI putravAsanA thAya to enI thAya, temAM to vAsanA jAte ja A RNamAMthI mukta karAvavA pratyakSa che to pachI RNAnuNyano vicAra bAkI raheto nathI. A RNAne sthAne alakha-saMpradAya RNonI judI ja vyavasthA kare che. sarva sAdhuone paMcayajJa vinA bIje dharma nathI. bIju RNa nathI. temAMthI mayA, devayA ane brahmayajJa to alakha dIkSA pachI ja uttama rIte sadhAya paNa manuSyayajJa ane bhUtayajJa kaMIka maThamAM adhika rIte thaI zake che. mATe e banne yajJo saMpUrNa karanAmATe saMsAramAM rahevuM Avazyaka hoya che tema karavuM e dharma bane che.

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gujarAtI sAhityanAM be amara pAtraH sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda gujarAtI sAhityamAM sarasvatIcaMdra'nuM sthAna viziSTa gauravavALuM che. lagabhaga aDhAraso pAnAMmAM vistarelI A mahAkAya navalakathAne "purANa" tarIke paNa gaNavAmAM AvI che. 1887 mAM eno pahelo bhAga prakAzita thayA tyArathI ja gujarAtanA zikSita ane saMskArI vargamAM A navalakathA priya thaI paDI. 1901 mAM tene cotho bhAga prakAzita thatAM tenI samApti thaI. te daramyAna ane tyAra pachI dazakAo sudhI saMskArI ane zikSita gujarAtI janatAmAM teNe jIvaMta rasa jagADyo hato. kolejamAM zikSaNa letA yuvAne pAchaLathI jema "jayA-jayaMta 'mAM mugdha banyA hatA tema sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudamAM mugdha banyA hatA. govardhanarAmano pahelAM te evo Azaya hato ke pazcimanI saMskRtinA saMparkathI prajAjIvananAM badhAM kSetramAM je AMdolana UThayAM hatAM te badhAMnuM-dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika, rAjakAraNIya, Arthika vagerenuM, ane pauramya ane pAzcAtya saMskRtionA yogya samanvayanuM nirUpaNa karatA nibaMdha lakhavA. paNa ema nibaMdho keNa vAMcaze, evI zaMkAthI vadhAre lokabhogya sAhityaprakAra-navalakathA-dvArA ja potAnA vicAro prajA samakSa mUkavAno nizcaya karyo ane sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM ene mUrta svarUpa ApyuM. AvA saMjogomAM sarjAyelAM pAtromAM koI vyakti uparathI sajAyelAM pAtro jevI sAmAnyatA na hoya e saMbhavita che. AvAM pAtromAM eka prakArano atizaya AvI jAya ane pAtra jIvatAM

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24 akSA mAnava jevAM guNa-avaguNavALAM banavAne badale kevaLa guNamaya ke kevaLa doSamaya banI javAno saMbhava che. "sarasvatIcaMdra', zaTharAya, duSTarAya, khalakanaMdA, kRSNakalikA, guNasuMdarI vagere aneka pAtromAM temanAM nAmamAM ja pratibiMbita thatAM lakSaNo je vyaktirUpe nirUpAyelAM najare Ave che. navalakathAnAM nAyaka ane nAyikA paNa potapotAnI rIte AdarzarUpanAM ( idealized) nirUpAyAM che. Ama to, kathAno nAyaka sarasvatIcaMdra yunivarsiTInuM zikSaNa pAmelo arvAcIna samayano trevIsa-covIsa varSanA yuvAna che. bI. e. thayA pachI kAyadAnI DigrI meLavIne pratiSThA pAmato jato ane sAhitya ane saMskAranA viSayamAM rasa lete paNa hRdayamAM UMDe UDe bhagavAM dhAraNuM karyA vinA vairAgyanI bhAvanA sevato yuvAna che. sAvakI mAnI caDAmaNathI pitAe jenI sAthe tenuM vevizALa thayuM hatuM te kumudasuMdarI vize be veNa kahyAM, enA svArthavimukha ane kumudasuMdarInA rUpa ane guNamAM mugdha thayelA rasika hRdayane AthI AghAta lAgyo. pahelAMthI ja eno vicAra sAmAnya janasamUhamAM bhaLI jaIne. saMsAranA anubhava meLavyA pachI dezasevAnuM athavA janakalyANanuM kArya karavAne hato. atyAra sudhI kevaLa vidyAthI rahelo ane anubhava vinAno sarasvatIcaMdra vevizALa rada karavAnuM lakhIne ghara choDI cAlyo jAya che, paNa jatAM jatAM potAnI saMpratyayAtmaka prItinuM pAtra banelI kumuda upara patramAM lakhato jAya che: zazI jatAM priya, ramya vibhAvarI, thaI rakhe jatI aMdha viyogathI, dinarUpe subhagA banI rahe grahI kara prabhAkaranA mana mAnItA." -ane kumuda ! govardhanarAme kumudanA rU5 ane guNanI kalpanAmAM distilled femininity-nItareluM strItva-saryuM che.

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gujarAtI sAhityamAM be amara pAtro cauda-paMdara varSanI vaye juvAnInA maLaskAnA ujAsamAM saumya kAMtivALI gauravaNuM kumudamAM nAjukatA, suMdaratA, caturAI ane lajajAnA guNo hatA, mAtapitA taraphathI paraNyA pahelAM ja aMgrejI ane saMskRtinuM jJAna apAyuM hatuM. saMskAra-dharma, rasikatA, rasajJatA, vyavahArakuzaLatA, nItimAga vagerenI keLavaNI maLI hatI. maMgaLa AbhUSaNe ane AchAM paNa suMdara citravALAM sAdAM vastro paheratI kumudamAM kulInatA, saMskArI uchera ane vidyAne abhijAta AviSkAra thate varNavAyo che, paNa kumuda krAhya mUrtirathavA riLI thavA sarjAI hoya, " su nAva" teNe janma dhAryo hoya evI nirUpAI che. sarasvatIcaMdra jevA caMdranI preraNAmAM khIlI UtuM kumuda banavAnI dhanyatAne jhaMkhatI te pramAdadhananI patnI banI ane kajoDAno bhoga banI eTaluM ja nahIM tenI AsapAsa sAsarAmAM sAMskArika daSTie kAdava ja pharI vaLyo. prAcIna bhAratIya strInA pratinidhi samI kumude dehalagnanAM patine ja potAnA hRdayanA deva tarIke sthApavAnA bhagIratha prayatna karyA. mananA patine visAre pADavAnA kAryane dharma gaNyuM : paNa vidhinI vaktA paNa kevI ke lagna pachInA paMdareka divasamAM ja pitAnA sAsarAmAM ja navInacaMdra nAma dhAraNa karIne pitAnA manathI varele pati AvIne vasyo ! kumudasuMdarIe eka ja vAra traNa-cAra divasa sudhI paraNyA pahelAM te sAsare gayele tyAre tene je hate. e sarasvatIcaMdra ja che evI khAtarI thaI te paNa pativratAdharmanuM sAcA arthamAM pAlana karavAnI vRttivALI kumude tenI sAthe besavAcAlavAnA badhA prasaMgo TALyA karyA. ane sarasvatIcaMdra je anubhava meLavavA mATe ghara cheDI bahAra nIkaLyo hato tene buddhidhanane tyAM rahetAM keTakeTalA anubhave thayA ! rAjadarabAramAM cAlatI khaTapaTo, strIpuruSanA saMbaMdhamAM kaluSitatA, prajAnAM duHkho vagere bhAtabhAtanA aneka anubhave saMsAra' jALanA samUha vacce saMnyAsa laI Ubhe heya tema teNe meLavyAM. paNa

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akSara eka prasaMge tenI kasoTI karI. tenI zuddha bhAvanA temAM vijayI nivaDI e prasaMga che, "alakAbahena huM te tamAre bhAI thAu he!" A daDhatApUrvaka teNe karelA nirNayane. alakakizorI sAthenA prasaMgamAM pote paNa vAsanAne thoDI vAra vaza thayo hato e anubhavathI strIne sAta gAunA namaskAra karavAne teNe nirNaya karyo. pramAdadhana padmA jevI rUpajIvinIonA saMgamAM rAce che, kumuda jevI sAlasa ane rasika patnI tenI AMkhamAM vasatI nathI, e pramAdadhana AcAramAM dUSita thayo che ane huM vicAramAM dUSita thayo chuM. evuM vicArIne kumudanA sAnidhyamAMthI khasI javAne teNe nirNaya karyo. paNa alakakizorI sAthenA prasaMgamAM navInacaMdranI vAsanAnI kaMIka jhAMkhI thatAM ja kumude strIhadayamAM vasatI puruSane preraNA ApavAnI zaktinAM darzana karAvyAM. AvI sukumAra ane zArIrika daSTie abaLA dekhAtI kumudamAM keTaluM mane baLa che ! teNe nizcaya karyo ke navInacaMdrane patita nahi thavA dauM. teNe tene muMbaImAM pAchA jaI kaMI yogya kAryamAM parovAI javAnI sUcanA karI. atyAra sudhI pakSa rIte sarasvatIcaMdramAM rasa letI kumude hadaya kaThaNa karyuM, sarasvatIcaMdranA je aneka patre sAcavI rAkhyA hatA te bALI nAkhyA. "pramAdadhana muja svAmI sAcA", e sUtrane japa japavA mAMDI. ekabIjAthI dUra rahevAno nirNaya karI cUkelAM baMnene vidhie, saMjogoe vyAvahArika jagatanA saMtApa ane kalezothI dUra ane saMsAranA saMbaMdhone saMskArIne unnati tarapha vALavAnI prayogazALA samA suMdaragirinI pAvaka ane zAntabhUmimAM pAchAM ekaThAM karyA. navInacaMdra suvarNapurIthI bhadrezvara javA nIkaLyo. rastAmAM dhIMgANuM thayuM. tenA mAthAmAM ghA vAgavAthI vanamAM bebhAna avasthAmAM paDa hato tyAM viSNudAsajInA ziSyoe tene joyo ane maThamAM laI gayA. viSNudAsajIe bhaviSya bhAkhyuM ke A navatara vyakti mahAtmA thaze ane e maThane paNuM utkarSa karaze. suMdaragirinA sAdhuonI jIvanavyavasthA ane utkarSa sAdhanAne dora

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gujarAtI sAhityanAM be amara pAtro maThAdhIza viSaNudAsajInA hAthamAM hatuM. A sAdhuo premalakSaNA bhakti dvArA zrIkRSNacaMdranA caraNamAM lIna thavA mathatA hatA. pAribhASika zabda vAparIe to lakhanI upAsanA dvArA, lakhane uvekhIne nahIM, alakha jagAvavAnI sAdhanA karatA hatA. adhikAra pramANe strIpuruSanA. saMbaMdhonI bAbatamAM sAdhuonA vibhAga pADavAmAM AvyA hatA. jema puruSa mATe A sAdhujanasamAjanI vyavasthA hatI, tema strIo mATe caMdrAvalImaiyAnI dekharekha nIce sAdhvIonI jIvanavyavasthA mATe paNa evI ja lejanA hatI. viSNudAsanA maThamAM AvatAM veMta navInacaMdranA bhavya ane suMdara vyaktitva ane kuzAgrabuddhi ane vidvattAe sAdhujanamaMDaLamAM prabhAva pADavA mAMDyo. ahIM AvIne eka tarapha A maThanI vyavasthA vagerethI zAMti ane tRti anubhavatA navInacaMdra candrakAntanA kAgaLo vAMcavA mAMDavA aneka mitro ane caMdrakAnta vacce, dhArmika, naitika, sAmAjika, strI-zikSaNa, vivAha-vyavasthA vagere viSayo upara cAlelI carcAthI vAstavika jagatanA praznone anubhava meLavavA lAgyo. . bIjI bAju, bhadrezvara javA nIkaLelI kumuda bahAravaTiyAonI sAthenA dhIMgANAmAMthI te bacI gaI paNa bhadrA nadIne kinAre UbhI hatI tyAMthI tene nadImAM nAkhI upADI javAnA prayAsane bhegI thaI paDI. nadImAM taNAtI hatI tyAMthI caMdrAvalImaiyAnA sAdhvImaMDaLe tene bacAvI, tene sAdhvI AzramamAM laI gayA. AsapAsanA pradezamAM pharatAM pharatAM sAdhuonI saMgAthe marImiyA kahevAtI kumudano bheTo thayo. e baMnenI hadayavRtti bha pAmI temanuM tArAmaitraka sAdhvIoe nihALyuM ane e baMnenI prItine potAnA lakha-alakha mAganA vidhAnane anusarIne parIkSA karAvI levAnI sUcanA kumudane karI. saMsAradharma pramANe pativratApaNuM sevavAno nirdhAra karI cUkelI ane - navInacaMdra atyAre bhagavAdhArI sarasvatIcaMdra hovA chatAM e parapuruSa che tevI buddhi sevatI kumude A sUcanAne lagabhaga a-dharma gaNI

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28 akSara ane sAdhvIo AvA saMbaMdhane utteje e ene duHkhakara lAgyuM paNa suMdaragiri upara vasatAM sAdhu ane sAdhvIonI jIvanabhAvanA UMDI sUjhavALI ane tapomaya hatI. sAvIoe saMsAranI praNAlIe kumuda upara lAdelA pati pramAdadhanane jAra gaNyo ane kumudanA cakSurAga ane manaHprIti jenA tarapha DhaLyAM che te sarasvatIcaMdra ja teno sAco pati che ema samajAvyuM. kumuda ane sarasvatIcaMdranI prIti saMpratyayAtmikA hatI ane paraspara saMvanana thaI cUkayuM hatuM. pramAdadhanane te pati tarIke gaNatI hatI. temAM abhimAnikA ane abhyAsikA prIti hatI. A chellA prakAranI prIti sAcI nathI. tenA dvArA strI-puruSano vikAsa ane unnati thatAM nathI. kumude sarasvatIcaMdrano sahavAsa prayoga mATe sevavAnI saMmati ApI. ' sarasvatIcaMdrane paNa prItinA prakAra ane yajJabhAvanAo ane svarUponI samaja apAI hatI. keTaluMka te te ApameLe samajato hato. te kumudanA hadaya para koIpaNu AghAta na thAya te jovA utsuka hato. sarasvatIcaMdra saumanasyaguphAmAM ane kumuda vasaMtaguphAmAM joDAjoDa rahyAM. baMnenAM hadayano kSobha ka9pavo rahyo. kumudanuM potAnI paristhiti nirUpatuM gIta sarasvatIcaMdra sAMbhaLyuM. mUrNita thayelI kumudane ravastha karI ane A prasaMgathI ekabIjAnAM hadaya khelavAnI prakriyA zarU thaI. - kAlidAse duSyata-zakuMtalAno meLApa svargabhUmimAM karAvyo che; bhavabhUtie rAmasItAno prasaMga daMDakAraNyamAM varNavyo che, paNa e prasaMgemAM zaMkutalAe ke sItAe duSyata ke rAmane prazna pUchI potAnA parityAganAM kAraNonI vigato jANavA prayatna karyo nathI. sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda evA ja udAtta vAtAvaraNavALA pradezamAM maLyA che, ane ekabIjAnAM mana ane hRdayanI sthitinI mImAMsA ane cikitsA kare che. baMnene svapnamAM saubhAgyadevI taraphathI daMpatI-bhAvasUcaka veta kamaLa jyotirUpa vastra DhAMkI de che tenAM

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gujarAtI sAhityanAM be amara pAtro darzana karAvAya che. alaukika bhUmimAM alaukika svapnadarzana dvArA ekabIjAnuM hadayanuM advaita vyakta karAya che ane kAryakSetronI dizAnuM sUcana maLI rahe che. ghaNI praznottarI ane cikitsA pachI kumudasuMdarI potAnuM AdhyAtmika baLa vyakta karatAM kahe che: "ApanI je kumuda svabhAve raMka, ajJAnI, lajajAzIla che te balavatI, prabuddha ane dhRSTa banI che. sarasvatIcaMdrane preraNArUpa banavA ane tenAM kAryomAM sahakAra ApavAno nirNaya vyakta karatAM kahe che keH "zayanamAM rabhA thavA sivAya huM emanAM badhAM strIkArya karIza. pote vidhavA thaI che e jANa thatAM ene A nirNaya vadhAre daDha bane che. . A paristhitimAM sarasvatIcaMdrane mitra caMdrakAnta AvI pahoMce che ane sAMsArika jagatane anukULa thAya ane sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumudane azarIriNI prIti puSTa thayA kare te mArga sUcavatAM kahe che ke sarasvatIcaMdra kumudanI nAnI bahena je Ajanma brahmacAriNI rahevA icchatI hatI tenI sAthe lagnasaMbaMdha bAMdhavo. sarasvatIcaMdranuM lagna kumuda sAthe na karatAM kusuma sAthe karAyuM che e prasaMge sAmAjika ane kalAdaSTie ghaNe UhApoha jJADyo hato. vidhavAvivAhane prasaMga TALIne govardhanarAme junavANI vicAra ane praNAlI AgaLa namatuM mUkyuM che ane kalAdaSTie kathAne hAni pahoMcADI che evA AkSepa paNa thayA che. sarasvatIcaMdra ane kumuda jevAM apArthivatAnI jhAMyavALAM pAtronI AdhyAtmika prItine pArthiva saMbaMdhathI dUra rAkhI - che te samagra daSTie jotAM yogya lAge che. ATalethI na aTakatAM sarasvatIcaMdranuM kusuma sAthe lagna karAvyuM che te keTale aMze aparihArya che e carcAno viSaya che.

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maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI | vicAradhArA , pAzcAtya saMskRti ane sAhityanA prabaLa prabhAvathI ogaNIsamA zatakamAM samagra bhAratanI peThe. gujarAtanuM jIvana paNa saLakI UThayuM hatuM. "aruNuM prabhAta" UgatAM anubhavAya evI preraNA ane dRSTi-zakti sAMpaDatAM uddAma utthAnavRtti gujarAte paNa sevI ane abhinava jIvanavidhAna ane jIvana-bhAvanAo apanAvavA e tatpara banyuM. vaiyaktika, sAmAjika, rAjakIya, prajAkIya, Arthika, audyogika ane dhArmika jIvananAM badhAM kSetromAM AmUla parivartana ANuM navasarjana karavAnA koDa jAgyA. kevaLa dhArmika vicAra ane AcAranI ja nahi paNa zikSaNa, lagnasaMsthA varNavyavasthA, jJAti-saMsthA, strIpuruSanA saMbaMdho jevA sAmAjika ane vyAvahArika praznonI bAbatamAM paNa prAcIna daSTi ane saraNI zaMkApotra banI. bake tiraskArapAtra banI; ene tilAMjali ApIne jJAtibaMdhanano ucchada, vidhavAvivAha, strI-puruSanI samAnatA, strI-keLavaNI - eka zabdamAM kahIe te "sudhArA"nI dRSTi ane saraNIne pracAra karavA bhagIratha prayatna karAyA. durgArAma mahetAjIthI mAMDIne narmada, mahIpatarAma, bheLAnAtha, karasanadAsa mULajI vagere aneka vyaktionI aneka-mukha "sudhArA"pravRttithI muMbaI, amadAvAda ane surata "saLagI UThaDyAM hatAM ane A pravRttie sarajelAM Adelane samagra gujarAtamAM jhIlAtAM hatAM. bhAratIya jIvanadaSTi dharma-pradhAna che tethI dhArmika siddhAMta ane AcAra-vicAra upara pracaMDa prahAre A kALamAM thAya e

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maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI vicAradhArA 31 svAbhAvika che. khristI dharmanA siddhAtonA AkarSaNe brahmasamAjane janma Apyo hato ane te A samaye prAcIna dharmanI viruddha sevAtI manovRttinuM pratIka hatuM. muMbaI ane amadAvAdamAM prArthanA-samAjanI sthApanA veda ane vedapratipAdita siddhAnta pratye tiraskAra nahi te anAsthAmAMthI ja thaI hatI. veda pratye aprAmANya-buddhi, janmAktaravAdane asvIkAra, mRtyu pachI vaiyaktika jIvananuM zAzvata lakAtaramAM sthAna, prArthanA dvArA IzvaranI upAsanA, IzvaranA nItividhAnane anusarI tenI prIti meLavavI vagere lakSaNone lIdhe prArthanAsamAja paNa brahmasamAjanI peThe khristI dharmane raMge raMgAyelI che evA AkSepa paNa thayA hatA ane ramaNabhAI e e AkSepanA uttaro paNa ApyA hatA. A samaye "prAcIna" tarapha keTalI vimukhatA haze ane khristI dharma pratye keTaluM AkarSaNa haze te "kAnta" jevI vyaktinA dharmAntara-svIkAranA prasaMga uparathI samajI zakAya ema che. prAcIna dharma-praNAlInAM paNa aMgopAMge keTalI hade aniSTa vikRti pAmyAM haze te "mahArAja lAyabala kesa' jevA prasaMga uparathI kalpI zakAya che. dharmanA ane AcAranA parizadhananI dRSTithI gujarAtamAM bhakti-nIti-sadAcAra-pradhAna svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya paNa astitvamAM Avyo hato. AryasamAja paNa dharma ane darzanane vedekapratipAda vizuddha svarUpamAM punaHsthApita karavAnA hetuthI pracAra pAmato hato. A ja gALAmAM thiyesephikala sosAyaTI, je prAcIna bhAratIya dharmanAM tarone pradhAnapaNe anusaratI hatI tenuM, gujarAtamAM avataraNa thayuM. Ama gujarAtanA dhArmika jIvanamAM ane jIvanavyavahAramAM mahAkSebha prasaryo hato. gujarAtane A samaye samartha, dUradarzI ane dIrghadazI vicArake sAMpaDyA e ochA saubhAgyanI vAta nathI. pazcimanI saMskRtinI tejasvitA mAtrathI aMjavAne badale tenuM paNa sUkSma tAratamya-daSTie mUlyAMkana karanArA, ApaNuM prAcInane kevaLa bhAMDavAne badale tenA sAcA svarUpane yathArtharUpe samajIne rajU karanArA

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3ra akSarA je paDita ogaNIsamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM gujarAtane maLyA temAM maNilAla nabhubhAI dvivedInuM agrasthAna che. cAlIsa varSanA jIvanakALamAM maNilAle zAstra ane vyavahAra baMnene vyApaka ane UDe abhyAsa karyo hate. zAMkara vedAntanA anuyAyI maNilAle e siddhAMtane zuSka vedAntInI daSTithI nihALyo nathI, paNa vyavahAranA saMkula mArgamAM e siddhAMtanuM anupAlana zI rIte thaI zake ane thavuM joIe tenuM parikRti pratipAdana teNe karyuM che. advaitavAda zuSka jJAnano ja Azraya le che. ane karmasaMnyAsa ja bodhe che, e matane brAnta TharAvIne jJAna, karma ane upAsanAne paraspara saMbaMdha teNe spaSTa karyo ke karma ane upAsanA athavA bhakti jJAnanAM sAdhanarUpa che. jJAnanI paNa vyAkhyA ApIne kevaLa buddhigamya anubhava eTale jJAna e khyAlanuM teNe nirasana karyuM. "jJAna eTale hadaya rasapUrvaka abhedane aparokSa anubhava" evuM lakSaNa emaNe vAraMvAra che; parama arthamAM jJAna eTale lAgaNuM evuM vidhAna paNa karyuM che, ane tenAM phalitothI jIvanavyavahAra kema vizuddha bane e samajAvyuM che. "Izvara prati ApaNuM kartavya te dharma: ane vivAha, gRhasaMsAra, paradezagamana vagere paratvenuM kartavya te vyavahAra." ane dharma ane vyavahAra bhinna che evI Aje paNa sevAtI bhAvanAno maNilAle pratikAra karyo che ane vyavahAra ane nIti dharmAnusArI ane dharmAnupraNitA hovAM joIe evo puraskAra karyo che." "dharma eTale jIvitane yathArtha hetu jevo samajAya te ja pramANe nIti, AcAra, vicAra, vyavahAra, rAjya sarve racAvAnAM" e sUtra maNilAlanA jIvana-darzanamAM pradhAna sUtra che. satya eka ja che, advaitarUpa che ane adhikArabhedathI sarva daitanI utpatti che; vyakti ane samaSTinA Atyantika hita mATe ja sarva pravRtti thavI joIe ane AtyaMtika amaMdAnubhavano sAkSAtkAra pAmavo e ja dayeya hovuM joIe ema e siddha kare che. satyanA nirNaya mATe zAstra (jemAM

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maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI vicAradhArA 33 tatvajJAna ane itihAsano samAveza thAya che ) ane yukita (Reason) A be pramANe maNilAla svIkAre che. paNa zAstramAM kevaLa vedavedAMtano ja samAveza nahi paNa jagatanAM kaI paNa dezanAM zAstra ane vijJAnavikAsathI upalabdha thatA jJAnano paNa samAveza kare che. abatta, maNilAlanI e dRDha mAnyatA che ke Arya dharma satya svarUpane pAmavAno uttamottama mArga che ane tethI ja tenI Avezamaya himAyata teNe karI che. - maNilAle "sudhArAno virodha karyo che e sAcuM che; paNa te sudhArAnA virodhI hatA evI mAnyatA bhUlabharelI havA - chatAM bahu pracAra pAmI che. maNilAla sudhArAnI vyAkhyA A pramANe Ape che: "sudhArAne arthe huM mAre pitAne mATe eTale ja mAnuM chuM ke ghaNA mANasanI je prakAre ekatA thAya ane tethI AkhA samUhanI uttarottara kArya sAdhavAnI zakti vadhe evAM je sAdhane, sAhitya, vicAro ityAdi hoya te badhuM sudhAro che. sudhArAnuM tattva huM ekatA, aikya, saMpa emAM samajuM chuM...... sudhAre te mana ane mananuM aikya thAya. vicAra ane vicAranuM aikya thAya, kartavya ane kartavyanuM riekya thAya, sarvanuM lakSa ekanI eka bhAvanA upara rahe e vakhata Ave tyAre ja thAya che ema huM mAnuM chuM.' A maulika dRSTie ja emaNe kahevAtA sudhArAne virodha karyo, vidhavAvivAhano niyamarUpe virodha karyo, lagna ane gRhasthAzramanI pavitratAno Agraha rAkhe. chatAM strI keLavaNInI himAyata karI, "dayA khAtara" koI vaiyaktika prasaMga punarlagna Avazyaka heya te karavAnI chUTa mUkI. maNilAle niSedhAtmaka-pravRttihIna ane tethI anupayogImanAtA advaitavAdanuM jIvanavyavahAramAM pratiSThApana karyuM ane vedAntanI aMtima siddhi kartavya dvArA ja abhedAnubhava pAmavAmAM a. 3

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34 akSarA rahelI che, ema yuktipuraHsara pratipAdana karyuM. A durghaTa kArya karavAnuM buddhisAmarthya, zAstrAbhyAsa, prAcIna-arvAcInanA sArAsAranI tulanA karavAnI zakti vagere guNene baLe ja maNilAlanAM maMtavyo Aje ya parizIlanapAtra che. agiyAra varSe umaramAM meTA eTalA ja kAraNathI nahi paNa dharma ane jIvana-darzananA viSayamAM daSTi-nsAyane kAraNe paNa maNilAlane AnaMdazaMkaranA "vidvAna jyeSTha badhu' ApaNe gaNuM zakIe. maNilAlanI peThe AnaMdazaMkara paNa prAcIna AryabhAvanAnA prazaMsaka-pUjaka hatA ane zAMkara vedAntanA anuyAyI hatAM. maNilAlano adhyAtmamaMDala (Theosophical Society ) mATene pakSapAta Arda hato kAraNa ke e saMpradAye prAcIna Arya dharmanuM potAnI rIte punaHpratipAdana karyuM hatuM. AvA ja kAraNe AraMbhamAM AnaMdazaMkara paNa thiyosophI tarapha kaMIka AkarSAyA hatA. paNa siddhAMtasAramAM maNilAle karelA prauDha pratipAdanathI kevalAdvaita siddhAntane nizcayAtmaka svIkAra temaNe karyo hato. maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkara baMnee dharma, vyavahAra, Izvara ane jIvanano saMbaMdha, mokSanuM svarUpa, mAyAnuM svarUpa, adhikArabheda, karma-bhakita ane jJAnano paraspara saMbaMdha, bhagavagItAno karmayoga vagere viSayonuM vivaraNa karyuM che, te uparAMta nArI pratiSThA, strI- keLavaNI, Azrama ane varNanI vyavasthA jevA vyAvahArika viSayo paNa carcA che. paNa maNilAle jAte ja eka sthaLe kahyuM che ke huM te prAcIna bhAvanAne "vakIla' chuM, tethI tenI pratipAdana-paddhati pakSakAranI paddhati heya e svAbhAvika che. maNilAlane mate bIjA dharmo karatAM prAcIna Arya dharma ja satya-darzanano sArAmAM sAre ane sIdhAmAM sIdhA mArga che. AthI UlaTuM, AnaMdazaMkaranuM pradhAna. lakSaNa sanmukha taTasthatA che. koI paNa viSayanA vivaraNamAM samarthana

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maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkaranI vicAradhArA 35 mATe avataraNo ApI tenuM vivecana karIne viSayane nirNaya sUcava e AnaMdazaMkaranI lAkSaNikatA che. maNilAlathI bIjI rIte paNa AnaMdazaMkara bhinna che ane te tenI samanvayAtmaka arthadarzanarItine lIdhe. jo ke maNilAla upara paNa jUnAM zAstravAkyone abhinava artha karavAno AkSepa thayo hato, chatAM maNilAle sAmAnya rIte samanvaya-rItino svIkAra karyo hoya ema dekhAtuM nathI. AnaMdazaMkaranI A samavayarIti paNa advaitasiddhAMtamAMthI pratiphalita thatI hoya e saMbhave che. tethI darzanenI paraspara pUrakatA ane uttarottara vikAsa pAmIne kevalAdaitamAM tattvavicAraNAnI parisamAptinuM pratipAdana, pAzcAtya tattvadarzanakAnA matanuM tAratamya darzAvI pAzcAtya tattvajJAnanI aMtima bhUmikA tarIke enuM sUcana; dharmathI prApta thatuM satya ane vijJAnathI prApta thatuM satya abhinna ja hoya e daSTibiMdunI rajUAtaH AvA viSayanA nirUpaNamAM ane upasaMhAramAM AnaMdazaMkaranI lAkSaNika samanvayarIti spaSTapaNe najare Ave che. maNilAlanI peThe AnaMdazaMkare paNa jIvanavyavahAramAM kartavyanI AvazyaktA svIkArI che; karma ane upAsanA athavA bhaktinuM mahattva apanAvyuM che. eTaluM ja ke AnaMdazaMkara maNilAla peThe brahmasAkSAtkAra ke abhedAnubhavane parama premanA sAkSAtkAra tarIke ja oLakhAvatA nathI. "premaghaTA", "harI", "divya prabhAta', jevA kAvyamaya lAgatA lekhomAM paNa AnaMdazaMkara buddhipradhAna ane dArzanika rahyA che. A ane "mAyAvAda" jevA bIjA lekhomAM AnaMdazaMkara upapattine AdhAre vedAntanAM prameyanuM ane siddhAMtonuM vivaraNa kare che. AnaMdazakara Ama dArzanika daSTie yuktipurasara kevalAdvaitanuM pratipAdana ane samarthana kare che, chatAM udAra samanvayadaSTi paNa sevI zake che e vastusthiti ja tenuM audArya sUcave che ane advaitamAM sarva dvaitano laya thAya che e nyAyanuM nidarzana pUruM pADe che. AnaMdazaMkaranI A daSTine gAMdhIjInI dharmabhAvanA ane jIvanabhAvanAnA saMparkathI

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akSara samarthana maLyuM haze ema mAnI zakAya-joke gAMdhIjI naMdazaMkaranI , peThe dArzanika havAne badale jIvana-dArzanika vadhAre hatA. AnaMdazaMkarane vIsamI sadInA pahelA cAra dAyakAomAM thayelA vijJAnavikAsa ane jIvana-daSTibhedono paricaya pAmavAno lAbha- maNilAlane nahoto maLI zakyo te lAbha-maLyo hate. chatAM advaitasiddhAMtamAM, sevelI zraddhAmAM kazeya saMdeha utpanna thayo hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. varNavyavasthAmAM emaNe sevelI zraddhA aMta sudhI avicala rahI cheje ke brAhmaNavarge vadhAre vidyAsevana karavuM Avazyaka che ema temaNe bhArapUrvaka kahyuM che. mUrtipUjAnA praznanI bAbatamAM maNilAlanI peThe AnaMdazaMkara paNa e paddhatinuM egya samarthana kare che. maNilAlane je prazna vicAra nahato paDyo te "aspRzyatAne prazna AnaMdazaMkara sAme ugra rUpe upasthita thaye hatA ane "aspRzyatA" zAstrasaMmata nathI evo nirNaya temaNe Apyo hato (je ke potAnA vaiyaktika vyavahAramAM brAhmaNacita AcAranuM cheka sudhI temaNe pAlana karyuM hatuM.) maNilAla ane AnaMdazaMkare gujarAtamAM dhArmika ane sAmAjika ItihAsamAM tAvaNane prasaMge pAkSika ke ekAMgINa daSTi sevavAne badale jIvanane samagrarUpe ane sthira daSTie nirakhyuM ane aneka saMpradAya ane vAdenA UchaLatA taraMgomAM taNAI na jatAM UMDA ane vyApaka tattvadarzana upara jIvanane ane vyavahArane. pratiSThita karyA; dharmavicAraNAmAM A be paMDitanuM e saMgIna samarpaNa che.

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arvAconAmAM Adya: narmada gujarAtI sAhityanA itihAsanI ane vikAsanI rUparekhA deratAM ApaNe sAmAnya rIte prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna evA traNa vibhAgeA pADIe chIe. AvA vibhAgeA pADavAnI pAchaLa koI nizcita vibhAjaka niyamA hovA joIe. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna vibhAgeAnI vaccenA bheda karatAM madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna vibhAge vacceno bheda UMDe!, vyApaka ane tAttvika gaNI zakAya tevA che. arvAcIna yugane Arabha ApaNe kavi narmadAzaMkaranA samayathI gaNIe chIe ane narmadane arvAcInemAM Adya tarIke svIkArIe chIe.' zrI. kanaiyAlAla munazIe na date arvAcIneAmAM Adya kahyo ke narasiMharAva dIveTiyAe arvAcIna yuganA Da kesavAra tarIke tene biradAvye temAM nadanI samagra jIvanapravRttie--tenuM samagra vyaktitvalakSamAM rakhAya ane e birudA jeTale aze satya nIvaDe che teTale ja aze kevaLa sAhityapravRttine ja lakSamAM rakhAya te paNa sAcAM nIvaDe che. nadanAM jIvana ane kavanane yathArtha rIte mUlavavA mATe tenA samayanI paristhitine enA samayanI sAmAjika, rAjakIya, dhArmi ka, Arthika vagere sthitine samajavI Avazyaka banI rahe che, kAraNa ke na de peAtAnAM jIvana ane kavana praznane DhaMDhALavAmAM, sarakAravAmAM ane pragatine paMthe caDAvavAmAM ja samarpA' che. ema kahI zakAya. nA~da janmyA I. sa. 1833mAM. e samayanuM sAmAjika ane dhArmika jIvana eTale gADha suSuptinI jaDatA, samAjamAM anIti, dabha, keLavaNIno abhAva, jaDa rUDhinI nAgacUDa, strIonI karuNa sthiti, zrI keLavaNIno abhAva, vidhavAonI kaSTamaya karuNutA,

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ha akSara udyogadhaMdhAne sthAne ALasupaNuM, jIvanamAM DarapakavRtti vagere aniSTonA saDAmAM prajA sudhAtI hatI. dharmanA kSetramAM paNa kevaLa AcArajaDatA, daMbha, svArtha ane ajJAnanuM sAmrAjya pravartatuM hatuM. AvI paristhitimAMthI prajAne uddhAravAno kALa jANe pAkI gaye hoya ane abhinavabaLono prabhAva prajAjIvanane palaTAvI nAkhe, uparataLe karI nAkhe e baLAnA mUrta pratIka samo narmada A TANe ApaNane bhAse che. svabhAve svataMtra ane nIDara, raMgIlA-mojIlA narmade potAnI badhI zakti-pracAranI, bhASaNanI, carcAnI, gadya-padya lakhANanI-prajAne pazcimanI prajAnI peThe udyamazIla, vahema-jalana vinAnI ane bhaNIgaNIne saMskArI thavAnI, nArI pratiSThA ane keLavaNI dvArA vyakti ane samAjanuM gaurava samajavAnI, svadezAbhimAnanI vRti keLavavAnI, gujarAtI tarIkenuM gaurava sevavAnI ane jIvanamAM vIratA darzAvavAnI hAkala karavAmAM kharcA che. A samaya saMkrAntikALano hato. aMgrejI saMskRtino prabhAva 1857mAM yunivarsiTI sthapAI tyArathI savizeSa ApaNA e kALanA yuvAno upara paDavA mAMDayo hato. A aMgrejI jIvana ane saMskRtinA saMparka narmada jevA yuvAnone navajIvana-sarjananA himAyatI banAvyA : bIjAonI peThe narmade kalama dvArA ja samAjasudhArAnuM kArya karavAthI saMtoSa na mAnyo, teNe te niSThA ane saccAInA Adarzane anusarIne vidhavA lagna karavAnI hiMmata batAvI. svabhAve taraMgI, mojIlA, nIDara chatAM niSThAne ja varelA narmade jIvanamAM keTakeTaluM veThayuM che! narmadanA jIvana prakAranI A AchI rUparekhA parathI enA vyaktitvanI kaMIka jhAMkhI tamane thaI haze. jema jIvananA tema sAhityakSetranA aneka prakAro teNe kheDaDyA che. narmadanA samaya pahelAM eTale ke madhyakAlIna yugamAM gujarAtImAM gadyano abhAva hato. narmade gadyanA aneka prakAro kheDaDyA che. nibaMdha, TAMcaNa-TippaNo, itihAsa, vartamAnapatra

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arvAcIneAmAM Adya : nakra 39 carcA, vivecana, AtmakathA vageremAM peAtAno hAtha ajamAvyeA che. jema jagatano pratihAsa lakhavAmAM gujarAtImAM e pahela prathama hatA tema gujarAtI keAza racavAmAM ane kathA-keAzane Ara'bha karavAmAM paNa e pahelA hatA. AraMbhamAM Aya dhama nA vizeAdhI pAchaLathI e ja dharmAMnI himAyata karavA mATe dha-vicAranI lekhamALA lakhatAM khacakAyA na hatA. gujarAtI sAhityamAM ' AtmakathA'nA AraMbha karanAra paNa na da ja che. Ama Aje chellAM seA varSomAM je gadyaprakAre kheDAIne vikAsa pAmyA che-samRddha banyA che tenA ghaNAkharA A vanavIra prayAgavIra narmadane hAthe pahelI vAra prayeAjAyA che. k jema gadyamAM tema padyamAM naH arvAcInomAMno Adya gaNI zakAya tema che. jo ke kevaLa atihAsika satya tarIke gadya tema ja padyanAM keTalAka svarUpeAmAM viSayanI dRSTie ke ghATanI dRSTie dalapatarAma kavie kadAca pahela karI hAya e saMbhavita che, chatAM narmadane ja arvAcInomAMno Adya gaNavAmAM ghaNuM aucitya che, kAraNa ke dalapatarAmanI dRSTi prAcIna tarapha vaLelI hatI, jyAre namadanI dRSTi arvAcIna ane abhinava agrejI sa'skRti upara maMDAI hatI- ane nadane ja cIle ApaNuM jIvanadarzana ane vizeSe karIne kAvya bhAvanA cAlyAM che e spaSTa che, klapatarAmanI dRSTimAM kavitA eTale nItino upadeza ke.khAdhaH na de dalapatazAhI kavitA nathI ja lakhI ema nathI, chatAM narmadanI kAvyabhAvanA aMgrejI kAvyabhAvanA ane kAvyA uparathI ghaDAI hatI. kavie peAtAnI kItinI tarapha najara te leAkanA kahevA tarapha kAna na dharavA. teNe teA peAtAnA mananA UbharA kahADacA karavA ne jovuM ke kudaratane maLatA Ave che ke nahi.' jUnuM nam gadya). narmadanI A kAvyabhAvanA varDajhavarthanI Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings' ( kavitA eTale utkaTa bhAvAnA svAbhAvika UbharA) evI kavitAvyAkhyA ane kAvyabhAvanA upara dhaDAI che. narmadanA lAgaNIpradhAna <

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40 akSara mAnasane ane taragazIla mojIlI vRttine A vyAkhyA bahu anukULa thaI paDe e dekhItuM che. A kAvyadaSTi UrmikAvya (lyrics)nA sarjanane anurUpa che ane tethI ja narmade judA judA prakAranAM UrmikAvyonI racanA karI che. narmade gujarAtanAM guNagAnanI, svadezapremanI, RtuvarNananI judAM judAM sthAnanA dasthAnI, caMdra-cAMdanInI, pravAjA-varNananI zRMgArAdi rasanI ane zaurya ane sAhasanuM udhana karatI kavitA racanA karI che, ane "jusso ja kAvyanI racanAmAM pradhAna che evI dRSTithI prerAyele narmada AvI umi pradhAna racanA kare emAM Azcarya nathI. "jussA'nI kalpanA narmade varDajhavartha vagere AMgla kavio pAsethI meLavI paNa tenuM sAcuM svarUpa tene samajavAmAM AvyuM nahi, tethI lAgaNanA UmarAne ke Avezane ja kAvyanA prANa tarIke gaNato e najare Ave che ! teNe paheluM pada racyuM tenI paristhitinuM varNana paNa tenI jussAnI bhAvanAnuM dRSTAMta banI rahe che. lAgaNIno Ubhare ke jusso tenA manamAM kAvyanA prANa tarIke evo vasI gayo che ke ghaNI vAra kAvyanI nIce jussAmAM AvIne lakheluM" ke evI jAtanI pAdanoMdha paNa e mUke che. A dRSTinuM pariNAma e Ave ane narmadanA viSayamAM AvyuM paNa kharuM ke tenI kAvya-kRtiomAM lAgaNIveDA, chIcharApaNuM, beDeALapaNuM, DahoLANa, barachaTapaNuM, pramANabhAnane abhAva ane zaMgArapradhAna kAvyamAM aucityano bhaMga vagere doSo praveza pAmyA. uttama kalAnI dRSTie narmadanAM kAvyomAM Ama ghaNuM UNapo che. chatAM gujarAtI kavitAmAM teNe pahela prathama viSayanuM vaividhya ApyuM, abhinava kAvyabhAvanA svIkArI, avanavAM vRtto jyAM vagere tenI sevAo dhyAnamAM laIe tyAre enI mahattA samajAya che. madhyakAlanA sAhityanA viSaya jJAna, vairAgya ane bhaktine badale narmade kAvyane - jIvanAbhimukha banAvyuM-jIvananA ane jagatanA prasaMge ke bhAvane kAvyaviSaya tarIke svIkAryo, tethI ja prakRttirNananAM kAM ra .

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arvAcInemAM Agha: narmada ghaDI ghaDI taDako ne chAMyaDe pheravAye, garamIthI ukaLATa prANIne bhArI thAye, ahiM tahiM bahu dIse deDatAM azva kALAM, sakaLa jana kahe e vRSTinA thAya cALA." AvuM hadayaMgama ane tAdaza chatAM saraLa bhASAmAM yojAyeluM varSA-varNana kone na game? "sarasa pavana rahADe maMda vAsIta Ave, sakaLa vastu aMge hAMsa AnaMda lAve, vana upavana saMdhAM dIsatAM ramya raMgI, navala ja anurAge prANIo che umaMgI-' unALAnA A varNananI saraLatAmAM "vAsIta", "saMdhAM jevA prayogo Aje ApaNane jarUra khaTake. bhUro bhAsyo jhAMkho, dUrathI dhUmase pahADa sarakho, nadI vacce Ubhe nirabhayapaNe eka sarakho.' disyo hAryo joddho haritaNuM hrade dhyAna dharata, savAre ekAMte, kabIravaDa e zoka karate * kabIravaDanuM A citra temAMnI upamA-kSiAnI sahAyathI upasAveluM gujarAtI kAvyasAhityamAM ciraMjIva bane tevuM che. e ja rIte vidhavAnI karuNa dazA varNavatA kAvyanI prathama kaDI juo: vahAlA, mujane choDI vahelo phahAM gayo, AMkhamAMthI jaLanI dhArI jAya ! TahADo vAI aMge tAva dhikA rahyo, lakhyo AMka te kema karyo na TaLAya ." " . " vidhavAnA hRdayanI drAvaka karuNatA ane nirAdhArI kevI sacoTatAthI paNa sIdhIsAdI rIte nirUpAI che! e ja narmadanI

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akSarA kalpanAzakti ane zabdasAmarthya tema ja prauDhi mATe "nIti , vizenI A kaDI juo: nIti tubI bhAvasibdhane tarAve, tuphAnI taraMgamAMthI, vAyubhayaMkaramAMthI, dhAravALA khaDakamAMthI kSema tIre lAvenIti tabI........ premazaurya jeNe jIvananA sUtra tarIke svIkAryA hatAM e narmada nirmAlyatA, kAyarapaNuM, gulAmI mAnasa vagere aniSTano kaTTara virodhI hoya ane eno e virodha kAvyarUpe vyakta kare e svAbhAvika che. barAne nA jora batAve, marado bahAra Avo re, barAM AgaLa karI baDAI, temAM zI meTAI re" emAM puruSonA namAlApaNAne tiraskArato ke 'dAsapaNuM kayahAM sudhI karavuM dAsapaNuM kayAM sudhI ema gulAmIthI kaMTALIne akaLAto ke, bahene tame jJAna vadhAre, bhUDI rIti sudhAre, zIkhethI sArAsAra samajAye, iMDAye chaMda naThAro" evI strIzikSaNanI ane unnatinI zikhAmaNa Apate narmada keTalI UMcA mAnavabhAvanA ane abhIpsAvALo haze e kalpI zakAya che. navA jIvanadarzanathI prerAyelo AvezazIla, svapnadraSTA, svadezAbhimAnI hoya ane svadezane unnata ane samRddha karavA jhaMkhe e svAbhAvika che. "jaya jaya garavI gujarAta" e gujarIgItanI racanAmAM kevAM svamAna, svadezagorava, svadezaprIti ane ullAsa narmade vyakta karyA che. jIvanamAM sAhasa kheDanAra narmada sau koIne sAhasa tarapha kheMce ane unnata siddhi-zikharo sara karavA prere emAM Azcarya zuM ?

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arvAcInemAM AghaH narmada sahu calo jItavA jaMga, byugalo vAge, yA homa karIne paDo phateha che AgeevI romAMcaka gheSaNa karate narmada kAyara ane bIkaNane paNa pahAne caDAve che.. pathalAM bharavA mAMDe re, have nava vAra lagADe re, Aja UThazuM, kAla UThazuM, laMbA nahi dahADa. thaI maraNiyA dhasavuM, bhAI, thaI maraNiyA dhasavuMevI hAkala karI sAhasamAM jhaMpalAvavA e saune notare che. tamArA pAThya pustakamAM "raNa to dhIrAnuM" e pada AvI hAkala nAkhe che. chatAM nirmadanA mAnasanI bIjI bAjuno e khyAla Ape che. utAvaLA ke AMdhaLiyA karanArA thaI, vicAra karyA vinA ke gaNatarI karyA vinA ja moTA kaSTa ke saMkaTamAM jhaMpalAvavuM e sAco mArga nathI. jIvanamAM udyamazIla thavuM, Teka rAkhavI, saMkaTa ke vidanathI DaravuM nahi, virodhIonI sAthe kaLathI ane baLathI kAma laI siddhi meLavavI ane. jaza laI juga juga jIvavuM, e narmadano abhilASa ane saune Adeza che. AvAM zaurya ane utsAhapreraka raNakatI vANImAM racelAM kAvyo vaDe narmade prajAne ajJAna, vahema, daMbha, jaDatA vagere sAme jehAdamAM nokarI ane udyoga, keLavaNI, svadezAbhimAna, nIDaratA ane vIratAnA guNenI siddhi sara karavA nimaMtraNa ApyuM. - A jIvanavIra ane kavanavIra narmada aneka daSTie arvAcIne mane - Adya banI rahe che.

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gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA - jIvanacarita sAhityane eka viziSTa prakAra che ane AtmakathA jIvanacaritanI eka viziSTa prakAra che. jIvanacaritane dekhItI rIte ja eka bAju ItihAsamAM ane bIjI bAju navalakathAmAM sarI paDavAno bhaya rahe che, ane A vastusthitimAMthI nIpajatAM aneka bhayasthAnomAMthI bacavAnI kALajI eNe rAkhavI paDe che. AtmakathAne te A uparAMta potAnAM bhayasthAno parNa che; tethI AtmakathA sAhityanA prakAra tarIke bahu agharI banI jAya che. AtmakathAo bhAgye ja zuddha sAhityakRtio bane che, ema sAmAnyapaNe kahI zakAya evo eka vidvAnane mata che. A maMtavyamAM ghaNuM tathya che. ahaMbhAva ( self consciousness) sAmAnya rIte kalAsarjanamAM vinarUpa nIvaDe che. AtmakathAmAM ahaMbhAva ke ahabhAnane svAbhAvika rIte ja khUba avakAza maLI zake che. potA vize lakhavA besatAM mANasa ahabhAvane vaza thaIne nAnI moTI vigato sva-viSayaka che e kAraNe nirUpavA prerAya che ane gauNa ke pradhAna, sArthaka ke nirarthakane bheda bhUlI jAya che. pariNAme jIvanacaritamAM keTalIka vAra sabhAna prayatna dvArA bane che tema AtmakathAmAM nAyakanuM Alekhana nahi paNa abhinavalekhana thatuM najare Ave che. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA A doSathI mukta rahI zakI che ema kahI zakAya. sthaLa daSTie e AtmakathA che, paNa sUkSma daSTie e mAtra jIvanacarita che ema kahI zakAya. gAMdhIjIe ene gauNarUpe AtmakathA tarIke oLakhAvI che. chatAM "mAre AtmakathA kyAM lakhavI che?" evo prazna puchIne emaNe prastAvanAmAM umeryuM che ke "mAre te Atma-kathAne bahAne satyanA meM je aneka prayogo karelA che

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gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA kapa tenI kathA lakhavI che. temAM mAruM jIvana otapreta hovAthI kathA eka jIvanavRttAMta jevI thaI jaze e kharuM che. paNa jo temAMthI pAne pAne mArA prayoga ja nItarI Ave te e kathAne huM pote nirdoSa gaNuM. gAMdhIjI potAnI A pratijJA sAdyanta pALI zakyA che. sAmAnya svarUpanA lekhakanI jIvanayAtrAmAM thayelA avanavA. anubhavonA paraMparA ke saMkalanA rUpa AtmakathA lakhavAno temano Azaya hota te AraMbhanAM be-cAra prakaraNonI zI gati thaI hota. enI te kalpanA karavI rahe. eTaluM ja nahi, emanA svabhAvanA eka pAsAnI tAdaza jhAMkhI karAvato eka prasaMga je sabhAgye . mahAdevabhAInI DAyarImAM sacavAI rahyo che te emaNe jato na karyo hota. vilAyatathI pAchA AvyA pachI potera rUpiyAnI zikSakanI nokarI levA mATe gAMdhIjIe arajI karelI. paNa mulAkAta samaye pratyakSa paricayamAM e zALAnA heDamAstarane gAMdhIjI saMtoSa nahetA. ApI zakyA! A arajI karavAnuM kAraNa potAmAM mahatvAkAMkSAno abhAva hatuM ema gAMdhIjIe samajAvyuM che ! AvA prasaMganuM mUlya. sAmAnya prakAranI AtmakathAmAM na jevuM gaNAya. chatAM gAMdhIjIe. e prasaMge pitAnI "AtmakathA 'mAM lIdho nathI. kAraNa spaSTa che; AtmakathAno nAyaka, gAMdhIjIe pratijJA karI che te pramANe, satya" che, mohanadAsa gAMdhI nahi. e prasaMge "satyanA prayoga je na lAgavAthI ene "AtmakathAmAM paDato mUkavAmAM Avyo che.. A kAraNe ja gAMdhIjIe potAnA A jIvanavRttAMtane satyanA prayogo" evuM pradhAna zIrSaka ApyuM che. "AtmakathAmAM nAyakanuM sthAna bhogavatA "satya'nAM ahiMsA, brahmacarya, sadAcAra, svacchatA, namratA, svAvalaMbana, nyAyaparAyaNatA, sevA vagere aneka rUpa che ane e aneka rUpe satyane pitAnA jIvanamAM utAravAne sabhAna prayatna gAMdhIjIe karyA che. gAMdhIjInA jIvanamAM avI satata ane avicala satyaniSThA na hota te AtmakathAnuM AjanuM AkarSaNa

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46 akSA ke Ajane prabhAva emAM na raheta, e kRtrima ane tethI asahya anI jAta. dhyeyalakSI ke upadezapradhAna sAhityakRti aLakhAmaNI thaI paDe che e anubhavanI vAta che. paNa jIvanamAM je devanI ArAdhanA karI darzana pAmavAne adhikAra meLavavA emaNe prayatna kaye che e ja devanAM darzana * AtmakathA' dvArA vAcAne karAvavAne prayAsa emaNe karyAM che. AthI AtmakathA 'mAM judA judA prasaMganAM vaNuM neAmAM ke judI judI vyaktionA ullekhAmAM ke AdarAyelA avanavA jIvanaprayAgAmAM kevaLa bAhya. nahi paNu* * satyanA prayAga ' tarIke Antara ekasUtratA Ave che. niSThA aa vAkaye vAkaye nItaratI najare Ave che. AtmakathAmAM sAmAnya rIte dula bha evA samabhAvI taTasthatAne guNa gAMdhIjIne pAte svIkArelI A vilakSaNa nirUpaNudaSTine lIdhe sulabha thayA che. mAtA, pitA, patnI vagere svajaneAthI mAMDI sAmAjika, rAjakIya dhadhAdArI ke dhArmika kSetrAmAM anekAneka vyaktinA pAtAne thayelA paricayanA nirUpaNamAM AtmanirIkSaNa ane AtmazeAdhananI vRtti sevatA gAMdhIjI sAmA pakSane samabhAvapUrvaka samajI nyAya ane audAryanI vRtti sevatA rahyA che. satyanA upAsakamAM apekSA rAkhI zakAya tevI taTasthatA paNa temaNe keLavI che, e teA bALapaNanA keTalAka aniSTa anubhaveAnA yathAtatha nirUpaNa uparathI varatAI Ave che. mAMsAhAra, vezyAgRhagamana jevA anubhavanA nirUpaNamAM samAyelI lAjazaramane emaNe satyaniSThAnI ADe AvavA dIdhI nathI. Voltaired. eka vacana che ke ' We owe consideration to the living: to the dead we owe truth only. ' anya vyaktionA ullekhAmAM gAMdhIjIe Ave! samabhAva sAcavyA che, paNa peAtAnA viSayamAM ( Truth only ) kevaLa satyane ja vaLagI rahyA che. Apa ApavAne ke sudhArI maThArIne ThAvakA dekhADavAnA prayatna karyA nathI. .

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gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA * A satyaniSThAmAMthI ja gAMdhIjIne bIje eka guNa sAMpaDaze che ane e che viveka. AtmakathAmAM zuM kahevuM ? zuM na kahevuM ? athavA kaI vastune khAnagI gaNuM DhAMkI rAkhavI ane kaIne prakAzita karavI e mahattvano prazna thaI paDe che. keTalAka AtmakathAlekhake pitAnI caMcala ke vilAsI vRttionuM ke evI bIjI UNaponuM varNana karavAmAM rAce che, kema jANe samajavA mathatA hoya ke "bhAI, aMte to ApaNe sau AvA chIe!' gAMdhIjIe potAnA bIkaNapaNane," zaramALapaNano, kuTuMbanA mANaso sAthe AgrahI vartanane ullekha karyo che; pitAnA lagnajIvananA nirUpaNamAM paNa nikhAlasatAne Azraya lIdho che. paNa kaI sthaLe vivekanI maryAdAnuM ullaMghana karyuM nathI. A Ama.nirvyAja satyaniSThA, audArya, taTasthatA, viveka, vinamratA, vagere aneka guNone lIdhe gAMdhIjInI AtmakathAne matika AtmakathA kahI zakAya. yuropIya sAhityamAM "confessions rUpe maLI AvatI AtmakathA sthaLa arthamAM ke sUkSma arthamAM AdhyAtmika bhUmikA upara racAI hoya che. gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA vilakSaNa prakAranA confession jevI gaNI zakAya. gAMdhIjIe pitAnA jIvananA prayogone AdhyAtmika kahI "AdhyAtmika eTale naitika, dharma eTale nIti; AtmAnI dRSTie pALelI nIti te dharma" evuM samarthana karyuM che. eTale, "AtmakathA' vastu para ane ApaNe nirapelAM lakSaNo paratve "naitika" ja rahe che. jIvanacarita ke AtmakathA game teTalI UMcI naitika bhUmikAe racAyelI hoya; emAM kalAkRti tarIke sAhityaprakAra tarIke-te pradhAna AkarSaNa hovuM joIe mAnava-nirUpaNanuM. bIjA sAhityaprakAro karatAM A baMnemAM te mAnava tatvanuM prAdhAnya savizeSa hovuM joIe. "satyanA prayoga"nuM varNana karavAnA hetuthI "AtmakathAnA prakArano

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48 akSara Azraya levAmAM gAMdhIjIe A daSTie bhAre jokhama kheDavuM kahevAya. chatAM potAnA kasabanI khUbI ane khAmI samajatA uttama kalAkArane chAje tevI vivekazakti vaDe gAMdhIjIe "AtmakathA 'nA kathanAtmaka aMzane tema mAnavaaMzane nathI kathaLavA dIdho ke nathI dabAI javA dIdho. janma ane bALapaNa, lagna, keLavaNI, IMglenDano pravAsa ane tyAMnA anubha, hiMdamAM AvyA pachI AphrikA tarapha prayANu, tyAMnI 'jIvanaviTaMbaNAo, Darbana, nAtAla vagere pradezomAM gerA ane Itara varga vacce sAmAjika, rAjanaitika ane Arthika kSetramAM udbhavatA saMgharSo, hiMdamAM AvIne AphrikAnA prazna mATe karelo pracAra, nAtAlamAM punaH praveza veLA thayelAM tephAnA, phinikasa saMsthAnI sthApanA, hiMdamAM punarAgamana ane satyAgrahanAM maMDANa--lagabhaga cAra dAyakAnA A gALAmAM sAmAjika, naitika, dhArmika, rAjakAraNIya vagere kSetromAM anya sau upara pitAnA zakti ane cAritryabaLe varcasva sthApanA A satyazodhakanI mUMjhavaNa, maryAdAo, taka, aMtarAyo, AzAo, nirAzAo, siddhio, asiddhionI bharacaka paraMparA vAcakanA mAnasacakSu sAme khaDI thAya che. ane A maMthana ane kSobhanAM vamaLAmAM harizcaMdranuM nATaka joI mugdha banelA bALaka mohanadAsamAMthI anyAya-AkramaNanI sAme nIDaratAthI jhajhUmatA ane asatyanAM baLAne phelAvatA kacarAnA Dhagane bhasmIbhUta karatI jAjavalyamAna agnijavAlA jame che tema zALAnA zikSake sUcana ApyA chatAM corI na karanAra bALakamAMthI asatya ane hiMsAne haMphAvI satyanI pratiSThA karavA mathatA gAMdhIjI "gAMdhIjI' banyA, A rUpAMtarano kramika vikAsa " AtmakathA" kahI batAve che. gAMdhIjInA jIvanaprasaMgo sAdA sAmAnya prakAranA che. paNa temanI dRSTi abhinava che. pote karelA prayogo ke evA prayogo dareka mAnava mATe zakya che e gAMdhIjInI . mAnyatA "AtmakathA 'ne vAcakane sAcI lAge che. bhale pote kadAca jIvanamAM gAMdhIjI jevuM AdhyAtmika baLa ke AtmazraddhA na dAkhavI

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gAMdhIjInI AtmakathA zake, chatAM AtmakathA"nA prasaMgamAM jIvanarasa e mANe che ane enuM hRdaya preraNA ane sAmarthya meLave che. AtmakathA'mAM lekhakanA samakAlInanuM varNana AvyA vinA na rahe, sagAMsaMbaMdhIthI mAMDIne, mitro, paricita vyaktioe lekhakanA jIvanamAM ghaTaka ke preraka baLa tarIke bhAga bhajavyo hoya tenAM citra Avazyaka bane. gAMdhIjI jevI anekamukha anekavidha pravRtti karanAra lokanAyakanA jIvanamAM AvI aneka vyaktione sthAna hoya e svAbhAvika che. nArAyaNa hemacaMdra, rAyacaMdabhAI, gokhale vagere vyaktioe gAMdhIjI upara gADha sara karelI ane temanAM citro kaMIka vistArapUrvaka AlekhAyAM che. sara phirojazAha mahetA, De. bhAMDArakara ke surendranAthanI te jhalaka ApI che. AtmakathAnA lekhakamAM saMkSitti ane mArmika rekhAcitra doravAnI zakti hovI joIe. gAMdhIjInI A zaktinuM utrAharaNa A rahyuM : " sara phirojazAha te mane himAlaya jevA lAgyA. lokamAnya samudra jevA lAgyA. gokhale gaMgA jevA lAgyA." saraLa ane svAbhAvika chatAM ceTadAra upamAo to ahItahI verAyelI najare Ave che. AtmakathAnAM keTalAMka prakaraNomAM navalakathAnAM prakaraNone vega ane tAdazatA che, varNanonI vigatapracuratA che saMvAdonI mAmikatA che. priToriyA jatAM Trena ane zigarAmanI musApharInA anubhavonuM Alekhana jIvatA che. keTalAka prakaraNo ke kaDikAo nAnA nibaMdha ke itihAsa jevAM banI gayAM che e sAcuM : chatAM e nirasa na banI jatAM potAnA kaThAmAM avazya nirvAhya to bane che. gAMdhIjInuM hAsya to vizvavidita che. e mArmika hAsya ahIM keTalIka vAra haLavAzamAM ke parihAsamAM ke kaTAkSamAM AvirbhAva pAme che. kaTAkSayukata haLavAzathI traNa bhAIonA vivAha eka sAthe karI nAkhavAnA murabbIonA nizcayane te rajU karI zake che tevI gaMbhIra karuNatAthI pitAnA mRtyu prasaMge potAnI manodazAnuM varNana karI zake che. a. 4

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50 akSara Ama sahetuka daSTie lakhAyelI A "AtmakathA' sAhityanA prakAra tarIke Adara pAme tevI guNa-samRddhivALI che. e vilakSaNatA ja enI viziSTatA che. "AtmakathAnI pUrNAhuti karatAM gAMdhIjI kahe che: "satyanA prayogo karatAM meM rasa lUMTa che, Aje luMTI rahyo chuM." sahadaya vAcaka saheja pheraphAra karIne avazya kahI zake, "meM "satyanA prayogonA vAcanamAM rasa luMTayo che, Aje lUMTI rahyo chuM.'

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bhAreluM saMskRta kAkA kAlelakare kAvyaracanA karI hoya ke na karI hoya te paNa tene jIva kavino jIva che. kavinI pratibhA pitAnA viSayane aneka rIte ane aneka rUpe joI zake che-sAdazya na hoya evI vastuomAM paNa sAdasya joI zake che. Ane pariNAme kavinA darzanamAM samRddhi ane samagratA Ave che. "jIvanano AnaMda", "rakhaDavAno AnaMda', "jIvanalIlA', " himAlayano pravAsa' vageremAM saMgrahAyelA lekhamAM darzananI AvI samRddhi ane samagratA pratIta thAya che. keTalAye lekho gadya-kAvya banI rahe che. A lalitAdAtta nibaMdha, noMdho ane nibadhikAomAM ramya kalpanAzIlA sAthe saMskRta sAhityanI saurabha maheke che. kAkAsAhebane saMsakRta sAhitya - vaidika saMhitA, upaniSado, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANa, manusmRti, kAvyo nATaka, stotro vagerene paricaya vizALa phalakavALo che. e paricaya emaNe e. AtmasAta karyo che ke te kalpavRkSanI peThe phaLato rahe che. game te viSaya hAya, game te prasaMga hoya ke game te dRSTikoNa hoya, kAkAsAhebanuM saMskRta trivatva A nibaMdhamAM vakuvA vidhatA mum " pharI UThe che. . sAdhAraNa rIte pravAsavarNana karanAra lekhaka pite joyelAM sthAnanI viziSTatA ke mahattAne mUlavavA jatAM te te sthAnonA bhUtakALane yAda karavAno. kAkAsAhebamAM "bhamatA rAma" ane "ramatA rAmane subhaga samanvaya thayo che. himAlayano pravAsa', "rakhaDavAne AnaMda", "jIvanalIlA" vageremAM pravAsavarNananA lekho saMgrahAyA che. * bhAratamAM cAre khUNe paribhramaNa karatAM kAkAsAhebe tIrthakSetro ane - kalAdhAme, maMdiro ane masjida, nagara ane jIrNa avazeSa, parvato

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para akSa! ane patarAjie, nadIe, saMgameA ane vizALa sAgaranAM darzana karyA che. ApaNA dezamAM te lagabhaga dareka nadI, parvata, tI, sAgarakAMThe ane vRkSa sudhdhAM sAthe kAI ne kAI prAcIna paurANika aitihAsika kathA sa`phaLAyelI heAvAnI; ke kAI RSinA yajJayAganIke tapazcaryAnI ke keAI deva, gandhava ke apsarAnA varadAna ke zApanI ke parAkrama ke lIlAnI kathA purANAmAM gavAyelI hAvAnI. AvA prAcIna ullekhAnA sUcana ke varNana dvArA vadhu na-viSayabhUta sthAnanI viziSTatA tarapha agulinirdeza karavAmu` kema cUTAya ? kAkAsAhebe ghRSNezvara jyotirliMganuM varNana AraMbhatAM bAreya jyotirliMganI nAmAvali ane bhaugolika sthitinA nirdeza karyA che. (' rakhaDavAnA AnaMda'-pRSTha-101) ' dakSiNaga'gA gAdAvarI'mAM rAma-sItAnA jIvanakAruNyane kavihRdaye jhIlyu` che. (' jIvanalIlA' pR. 29 ) * ubhayAnvayI narmadA 'mAM na dASTakanI paktie TAMkI che tene bAda karIe tA paNa e lekha na dAnA mahimnaH stotra jevA che ( jIvanalIlA' ) * geAkaNuM nI yAtrA 'mAM e tI nI utpatti vize paurANika kathA ApI che. ( * jIvanalIlA' pR. 97) nAnI mArka 'DIne paNa mArka Deya AkhyAna saMbhaLAvyuM che ( jIvanalIlA' pR. 3) : ' : C bhUMgALanI peThe kha-geALanAM saudaya ane bhavyatAmAM rAcatA kAkAsAheba saptarSi maDaLanA RSienI oLakhANa Ape che; saptarSi ma`DaLanI najIkamAM dekhAtA sAramaiya-yugalanI utpatti devAsurA vaccenI spardhAmAMthI zI rIte thaI te samajAvatI vaidika kathA paNa kahe che. jIvananA AnaMda' pR. 165 ) kAkAsAheba saMskRta zabdA yAje che temAM paNa keTalI a dyotakatA ane sa'skArAkSeAdhakatA rahI che ! uSAne 'vAjinIvatI' ( jI. A. pR. 121 ) kahIne ane ApaNA leAkeA have paDelAMnA jevA urdula rahyA nathI.' (jI. A. pR. 48) e vidhAnamAM vupa :

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53 bhAreluM saMskRta padane prayoga karIne kAkAsAheba ApaNA cittamAM cheka veda saMhitAnA saMskAro jagADe che. jIvanane AnaMda"nI prastAvanAmAM ja vyAkaraNazAstranI "parasmapadI", "AtmapadI " vagere paribhASAne ke dhotaka viniyoga sajanaprakriyAnA kSetra para karyo che ! "huM te haMmezane chAtradeva rahyo" (jI. A. pR. 179) A "chAtradeva" taittirIyopaniSadanA "mAtR mavA pitR mavA" vagere anuzAsanavAkyonA bhaNakAra saMbhaLAve che. saMskRta sAhityamAMthI avataraNarUpe apAyelA ke, zlokArdha, padasamUho ke pado A sa grahomAMnA lekhone vadita banAvavAnI sAthe " " paNa kare che. avataraNo (queations) nI bAbatamAM lekhakenA traNa prakAra gaNAvI zakAya. pahelA prakAra che avataraNa-mugdha lekhakane. A prakArano lekhaka jarUra na hoya to paNa avataraNa vinA saMtoSa pAmatA nathI. kadAca pAMDitya-pradarzananI lAlasAthI ke potAnI azakti ke maryAdAne DhAMkI devAnI vRttithI paNa avataraNone Azraya levAne e prerato hoya. e lekhaka dekhItI rIte ja paropajIvI che bIjo prakAra che avataraNapriya lekhakane, A prakArane lekhaka potAnA vicAronA nirUpaNamAM kaI anukULa pratiSThita vacana maLI jAya te potAnA vaktavyanA samarthana mATe athavA spaSTIkaraNa mATe e vacanane avataraNa tarIke upayoga kare che. ane trIjo prakAra che avataraNa-rasika lekhakano. A prakAranA lekhakanA vicAro tathA nirUpaNa vagere ? have caNita hoya che. ene nirUpaNamAM upayogamAM levAyelAM avataraNe purai pratiSThA- rUpanAM nathI hotAM. lekhakanA vicAranA samagra nirUpaNamAM avataraNo ekarasa-samarasa thaI rahe che. jema uttama kAvyamAM prayojAyelA alaMkAre pRnnanirvArya hoya che tema avataraNe paNa A prakAranA lekhakanI kRtimAM akRtrima ane anAgatuka rUpa dhAraNa kare che ane kRtinI

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54 akSarA samRddhine upasAve che. avataraNAnI bAbatamAM kAkA kAlelakarane A prakAranA lekhakanI kArTimA mUkI zakAya, ' jIvanane AnaMda'mAM ziraHsUtra tarIke mUkeluM. taittirIye paniSadanuM vacana jue : `hi va abhyAta ! H prApyAt ! cat va AjAro gAmano na yAta / / prakRtinA darzanamAM * kevaLa saundaya pratIti ane bhavyatAmUlaka unnati 'nI apekSA rAkhIne karAyelA prakRtinirUpaNamAM A sUtra rathAyI sara tarIke gujayA kare che. e ja rIte ' jIvanalIlA' mAM ' vizrva mAsaH sarvAM:', e ziraHsUtranI yathArthatA saritA-sa'smRti ' ane bIjA lekheAmAM spaSTapaNe vyakta thAya che. gagA--yananAnA saMgamanu* * suMdara-dasya 'zvima TevimirindranIhai; vagere kSeAkeAmAM e ja dRzyanA kAlidAse raghuvazamAM karelA vananI lalitAdAtta vANI dvArA mANe che. ( * jIvanalIlA' pR. 21 ) mRga ane vyAvanuM varNana karatAM zAkuntalanI prasiddha utprekSA X sunna riLa sAkSavadyArthIva pinAkinam / avatArIne umere che : 'AmAM ' sAkSAt' zabda AkAza tarapha hAtha karIne khelavAnA heAya che.' (jI, A pR 133) paNa prAcIna sAhityanA prasaMge ke pAtrAne ullekha athavA prAcIna kRtionAM pada ke padAvalIone prayAga vizeSatA kalpanAnuprANita paristhitimAM thatA najare Ave che. kudaratadhelA ' ane saudarya pipAsu ullekhAyelA prAcIna sAhityanA azA bhaLatAM te pArijAtanI peThe khIlI UThe che. A sthitimAM avataraNA rahetAM nathI. nirUpaNunA tANAvANAmAM avanavI bhAtanI peThe vaNA jAya che ane mULa saMdarbhanA saskAranI chAyAmAM kAI apUrva bhAvanAsRSTi sarje che. sa`skArodhakatA (allusiveness ) kAkAsAhebanI zailIne vizeSa guNu che. pahelAM, A be-traNa sarasa udAharaNe| jue : ' anurAdhA- . puranA edhivRkSanAM pAMdaDAM eka vAra kharI paDavA mAMDayAM eTale leAkeAe

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55 bhAreluM saMskRta dUdhanA ghaDA bharI ANI enAM mULiyAMnuM siMcana karyuM ane e vRkSa aMte cyavana RSinI peThe pharI juvAna thayuM." (rakha. A. pR. 139). meva. IndradhanuSya, varasAdanI jhaDI ane vidyullatAnuM nRtya joIne urvazInI pAchaLa gAMDA thanAra pururavAnI yAda Ave ja. paNa pitAnI nAnI bhatrIjInI gabharAmaNa jeIne samabhAvathI prerAIne na va na saMju vALaH saMnicoDarAmamina A zakuMtalAnAM vacanene saMbhArI levAnuM kAkAsAheba cUkatA nathI. (jI. A. pR. 10) manerA beTa upara unmatta rIte ane avirata aphaLAtAM samudranAM pracaMDa mejAone jotAM jANe vIrabhadra tamAma zivagaNone bhegA karI majAnA rUpamAM ahIM pralayakALa bhajavavA mAMge che!" (jI. A. pR. 202) evA prAcIna ullekhathI mejAnA bhISaNa tAMDavanuM citra rajU kare che. have, kAkAsAhebanI viziSTa zailInAM A udAharaNo juo: "comAsAmAM saMdhyA samaye vAdaLAM pAchaLa ardha DhaMkAyelA saryanI zobhA vAlmIkinA kAvya jevI ujajavaLa hoya che" (jI. A. pR. 131) "dakSiNa tarapha ane uttara tarapha AchAM vAdaLAonI vici che. siMhAsana upara beThelA rAmacaMdranA mukha uparanuM jANe saumya mita ja." (jI. A. pR. 8) "aMtaHsRSTinA zodhaka RSio ane bAhya sRSTinA zodhaka vijJAnazAstrIonA manamAM dIrghakAlIna dhyAna pachI kaMI ekAda sArvabhauma kalpanA jAge che tyAre emanA vadana upara je AzA ane prasannatA, mahattA ane utsAha pragaTa thAya che te ja badhuM pUrva dizAnA moDhA upara brAhma muhUrta dekhAvA lAge che. enI jAduI asara carAcara upara thAya che. kAlanidrAmAMthI jAgatA satyavAnanA moDhA upara jema pharI kaLA jAmavA lAgI ane tethI sAvitrInA haiyAmAM AnaMda khuravA lAgyo, tevI ja rIte suSTi upara prabhAtanI AzA patharAvA lAgI ane dvigaNane ekadama gAvAnuM sUjhayuM.'(jI. A. pR. 59) kAkAsAheba kaIkavAra "paTavardhana zrIkRSNane sudarzana jevA teTalA ja reTiyA paNa A dharmabhUmimAM cAlatA karavA che ?"

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56 akSara | (jIvanalIlA pR. 8)mAM "paTa-vardhana" bANanuM smaraNa karAve te zleSa buddhicAturyathI vApare che e kharuM, chatAM pradhAnapaNe emanI kalpanA AvA kevaLa zuSka ullekhothI dUra rahetI dekhAya che. saMdhyA samaye pazcimanA raMgavaibhavane jarAye dveSa na karatI prAcIne anasUyA'. jevuM abhijAta vizeSaNa ApavuM (jI. A pR. 30 ), madrAsa pAse aSAra nadI "samudra tarapha hadayasamRddhino kAMpa laI Ave che ane samudra ciDAIne enI AgaLa retIne eka bAMdha Ubho kare che. khaMDitAnuM e dazya..' (jIvanalIlA, jasthAna)-ahIM nadI mATe khaMDitA nAyikAnI kalpanA karavI, ke mojAonuM tAMDava ane tene pracaMDa tAla joIne zivatAMDava stotranA pramANika vRttanI kalpanA karavI-AvA bhAvapradhAna ullekho to A lekhomAM comera verelA paDyA che. kAkAsAhebanI zailInI saMskAredhakatA (allusiveness)nAM keTalAMka udAharaNe ApaNe joyAM, paNa A zailIne nitAsuMdara umeSa te bhArobhAra kAvyatattvathI bhareluM che. saMdhyAkALe " kSitija upara (citrA ane svAti) baMne eka vakhate UgatI hoya che to paNa citrAnAM pagalAM haLavAM ane ane dUra dUra paMDavAne kAraNe te jhaDapathI upara caDe che, jyAre svAti potAnA tejanA bhArathI alagamanA leya e svAbhAvika ja che." (jI. A. pR. 18) svAtinuM A varNana vAMcatAM kyA sahRdayane meghadUtanI choLamAra varasAnA nAyikA smRtipaTamAM nahi UtarI Ave ? rAtre AkAzamAM vAdaLAMothI tArAo DhaMkAI gayA hoya tyAre "kucita pAtaLA meghanA jhINA burakhAmAMthI ekAda tArakA spaSTAspaSTa laphalapha thavA mAMDe tyAre A avaguMThavatI vaLI koNa che evuM kutUhala utpanna thaIne...( jI. A. pR. 12) A varNana tapasvIonI sAthe AvelI zakuMtalAne jotAM duSyatanA memAMthI - nIkaLelAM "avirapuTanavata vArA..." vacanonA saMskAra jagADe che. dariyAkAMThe zaMkhalA vINavA ke nahi e praznane rajU karatA lekhanuM zIrSaka 4the ja phemamAmaH (jI. A. 180) arjunanA

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paNa bhAreluM saMskRta mane maMthana jevuM ja manomaMthana samartha rIte sUcave che. kharuM kahIe te, bhagavadgItAnAM vacana ke padonA prayogo te A lekhamAM kAma ThAma najare Ave che. moTe bhAge avataraNarUpe paNa koI vAra pracchanna rUpe paNa. "dharmanA eTale ke sadAcAranA pAyA upara zraddhayukta racAyelI kaLA rasagaMbhIra hoya che, prANapoSaka hoya che, anaMtavIrya ane amitavikrama hoya che. (ja. A. pR. 225) sAvadhAna ne hoIe te ahIM gItAnA agiyAramA adhyAyanA nattarIyamatavimaravam' vAkyanuM smaraNa na paNa thAya. bhAvanagaranA gaurIzaMkara taLAvanuM varNana karatAM kahe che, "sAmenI TekarIe mAthuM UMcuM na karyuM hota to A rasavatI pRthavI kyAM pUrI thAya che ane niHzabda AkAza kyAM zarU thAya che e jANavuM ke paMDitane paNa agharuM thaI paData. (rakha. A. pR. 13) A suMdara citrane jandhayatI pRthvI ane zaLa sAm evI vyAkhyAomAM rAcate taiyAyika te na ja samajI zakyo hota ! kAkAsAhebe AvA prAcIna ullekha vinedI zailImAM ane kaTAkSa pUrvaka paNa karyA che. A ulekhomAM anAkhI tAjagI anubhavAya che. "koyalanuM asahAya baccuM pakaDIne tene khAI nAkhanAro koI gAyanakalArasika zikAra paNa ahIM jelamAM hevAne saMbhava nathI." (jI. A pR para ). mRchakaTikanA zikAranI mUrkhAI ane baDAzano ke vinadI ullekha ! e ja lekhamAM " pakSIonAM smRtizAstromAM keyalanuM mAMsa kayAM kayAM pakSIone khape." RttiomAM bhaNyAbhaDhyanA viSayamAM karAyelA vidhiniSedho upara nirdeza kaTAkSa ahI joI zakAya che. kelaranI khANomAMnI retImAMthI senuM kADhI lIdhA pachI retI kazA kAmamAM AvatI nathI. "bicArI retI potAnA upayoga karanAra bhaviSyanA mAnavInI rAha jotI ahIM zalyA thayelI ahalyAnI peThe tapasyA kare che." (rakha. A. pR. 47) kaTale haLave ane keTale svAbhAvika lAgato ahalyAne ullekha che ! sonuM dharatInA

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akSara peTALamAMthI nIkaLe che tenuM vinodI zailImAM vivaraNa karatAM kahe che ke senuM bhagavAna pAse gayuM ane pitAnA guNA ja potAnA mAraka thayA che enI phariyAda karIne sahAyanI yAcanA karI. kirITakuMDaLadhArI hiraNyavapu javAba ze Ape ? eTale enuM dharatImAtA pAse jaI bolyuM: "bhagavati vasudhare, dehi me vivarama" (2kha. A. pR. 51) kevI vivedI zailI ane kevI vicitra chatAM aucityavALe bhAsata nirAdhAra zakuMtalAnA vAkyane prayoga ! chelle, retInA DhagalAmAM sAInAIDa nAkhIne pravAhI banAvI daIne pachI jasatanAM pAtaLAM chelaNa upara reDe che ane "kamajAta sAInAIDane jasata maLe che e tarata senuM choDI daI jasatane vaLage che.......sAInAIDa kaheze jasatanI khUbI tame zuM jANe che enI AgaLa sonAne sahavAsa phUla che. kharekhara tana tArA vinA sUcce je di thayA vinA (2. A. pR. 48 ) A chelluM avataraNa to prAcIna vAkyanA prayoganI vinadI zelInuM ane vakratAnuM uttama udAharaNa che. bhavabhUtie pite pataMga ane puMDarIkanuM temaja himarazmi ane caMdrakAntanuMevAM udAharaNo ja ApyAM che ne? te sAInAIDa ane jasatane zuM vAMka ? - kAkAsAhebanA lekhamAM avataraNo avatAra mAtra na rahetAM vibhUtirUpa banI rahe che. (kAkA kAlelakara adhyayana graMtha)

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kavinI sAdhanA zrI umAzaMkara kAvyavivecaka che tenI sAthe kAvyasarjaka paNa che. tethI anya sAmAnya vivecaka karatAM kAvyavivecananI bAbatamAM te vadhAre anukULa paristhitimAM che. kevaLa kAvyavivecaka hoya te te kAvyanirmANamAM cAlI rahelI prakriyA vize anumAno ke ulTekSAo ja karatA hoya che. umAzaMkara jevA sarjaka-vivecakane kAvyasarjana prakriyAne sAkSAta anubhava hovAthI teNe kavisAdhanAnuM kareluM nirUpaNa vadhAre vizvasanIya gaNAya. prastuta nibaMdhamAM umAzaMkare kAvyasarjana vyApAramAM traNa sopAna gaNAvyAM che: (1) kavi jagatanA padArthonuM vizeSabhAve grahaNa kare che; (2) kavinI cetanAmAM saMcita thayelI e sAmagrInuM kaIka prakriyAthI rUpa baMdhAya che, ane (3) e rUpane kaviyathAtatha zabdastha karavA mathe che. zabdadeha pAmelI kavinI anubhUti bhAvaka samakSa rajU thAya che ane bhAvaka tene AsvAde che. jema sarjakanI pratibhA dvArA tenA vaiyaktika bAhya anubhavanuM sAdhAraNIkaraNa thAya che ane tethI e anubhUtine vyakta karatI kRti sarjakanA "aham 'mAMthI mukta thaI hoya che tema bhAvaka paNa kAvyarasAsvAdanA anubhavathI "ahamathI mukta thAya che: "enuM "sat ' (astitva) 'cit' rUpe khIlI potAnuM carama svarUpa-sAgara svarUpa anubhave che.-svarUpAnusaMdhAna anubhave che. kAvyAsvAdamAM satattvanuM mahattva ane tenAthI thatI svarUpAnusaMdhAnanI anubhUti-A aMze bhAratIya kAvyazAstranI paraMparAne anusarIne svIkArAyA che te spaSTa che. AgaLa cAlatAM umAzaMkare nIti ane kaLAnA saMbaMdhanA praznano ullekha karyo che. pahelAM te, siddhAMtanI daSTie te prazna kare

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akSara che ke suMdara rUpe je satya pragaTayuM hoya te zivakalyANakAraka na hoya ema zI rIte bane ? kalAkAranA jIvanamAM kutsitatA heya-anIti hoya-eTalA mATe tenA sarjanane doSa na devAya. kAdavamAMthI kamaLa Uge che te tarapha aMgulinide Sa karIne manovaijJAnika yuganA matane ullekha kare che ke kudarata darekane janma sAthe jANe ke amuka prANaziktinI ja mUDI ApatI na hoya. emAMthI ghaNI badhIne upayoga mANasanI je prabaLatama vRtti hoya che e karI bese che ane enA. jIvanamAM bIjA pAsAne eTaluM zoSavuM paDe che ane umere che ke - kaLAkAra nItimayatAnI ke evI bAbatomAM UNo Utarato hoya eTalA uparathI enI kaLAne utArI pADavI, e kaLAnI utkRSTatA pichANavI ke mANavI nahi e barAbara nathI. A rIte, pazcimanI kAvyamImAMsApaddhatine anusarIne kaLA ane kaLAkAranA kavanane saMbaMdha nathI evuM svIkAryA pachI umAzaMkara (potAne sAco ) abhiprAya sUcavatuM vAkya umere che: paNa te sAthe sAthe ApaNe jarUra evI AzA rAkhI zakIe ke kavinI mAnava tarIkenI sAdhanAne carama puruSArtha enA vyaktitvanI pUrNa khilavaNImAM heya. A vidhAnamAM kaLA ane jIvanane sparzatA muddAo samAyelA che eTaluM ja ahIM nAMdhIe. aMte umAzaMkara noMdhe che ke kavitAmAM mana ane 9 nuM daita TaLe ane e baMne vacce saMvAda sadhAya to te kavi "brAhmI sAhityakAra', "sanAtana sAhityano racayitA" "maMtrakavinI kaTie pahoMce. ahIM paNa agatyano prazna e thAya che ke brAhmI kavitAmAM ke "maMtrakavitAmAM ane "sarjaka-kavitAmAM mAnava tarIkenI sAdhanA vinA ja niSpanna thayelI kavitAmAM) kAvya tarIke bheda rahe ke kema? have, ApaNe umAzaMkare darzAvelAM sarjanaprakriyAnAM traNa sopAnanuM nirIkSaNa karIe. kavinI cetanA bAhyajagatanA sthaLa-sUkSma padArthonAM

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kavinI sAdhanA vizeSa bhAve anubhava kare che-padArthonuM grahaNa kare che. ahIM vizeSabhAve" e zabda kavivyApArane samajavA mATe cAvIrUpa che. judA judA kavio eka ja viSaya vize kAvyaracanA kare temAM ekasarakhApaNuM ke samAnapaNuM nathI hotuM e to anubhavanI vAta che; eTaluM ja nahIM, eka ja kavi jude jude samaye ekanA eka viSaya vize kAvya race te te paNa ekasarakhAM ke samAna na hoya. AnA mULamAM kavie e viSayanuM "vizeSabhAve kareluM darzana ke grahaNa che. kavinA darzananI vizeSatAne lIdhe bAhya padArtha tata (Objective) mAtra na rahetAM satata Subjective) rUpamAM pariName che. kavinA saMvedanataMtramAM A saMvedana vizeSa dAkhala thatAM kavinI samagra cetanA saLavaLI UThe che-bha pAme che. A sthitimAM kavinI saMvedanAmAM koI vicAra ke ka9panAnuM bIbuM hotuM nathI A sthiti UkaLatA caru jevI hoya che. umAzaMkara kahe che te pramANe A sthitimAM "keIka prakriyA'kutakanA zabdamAM jenA ina-e bhAvadravyanuM rU5 baMdhAya che, bIjA zabdomAM kahIe te bhAvatI ke images) UpasI Ave che. A kAvyanI jamaghaDI che. paNa e "keIka prakriyA" zI rIte thAya che tenI mImAMsA mAnavijJAnane AdhAre karavA jatAM paNa samasyArUpa ja raheze evA yugano abhiprAya umAzaMkara noMdhe che. A murAnA vivecanamAM ApaNe kavinI personality ( tenuM character ke individuality nahi )-vyaktitvane lakSamAM laIe chIe, ane tenA acetana (unconscious) avacetana (sub conscious )mAM saMbharelAM vAsanAo, bhAve, Urmio, saMskAro vagerenA jaTila paTala25 tenI viziSTatA-vaiyaktikatA svIkArIe chIe. kavinI A subjectivity tenuM aMtaraMga samagrapaNe spaMdana pAmIne amuka rUpa dhAraNa karatAM ka9panA dvArA bhAva pratIke nIpajAve che. ane je prakAzarmio nAdAmiemAM parivartita thAya che tema saMvedana paNa kalpanA ke vicAranA rUpamAM parivartana pAme che.

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akSaNa ahIM eka praznano nirdeza karIe. kAvya je kavicittamAM janmatuM hoya ane kavinA vyaktitvanI akhilAI (subjective totality ) ja kAvyamAM tANAvANArUpe vaNAtI hoya te kavie bAhya jagata-samAja, saMsthAo, prakRti vagere upara AdhAra rAkhavAnI jarUra nathI : bAhya paristhitithI alipta rahI te kAvyaracanA karI zake ane tenI kAvyaracanA kAvya tarIke jarA ye UNuM na hoya. A praznane vicAra karIe tyAre kavinI subjectivity, tenuM aMtaraMga ane te aMtaraMganA svarUpano ane baMdhAraNane vicAra kare Avazyaka bane. kavikarmanuM chelluM sopAna che bhAvapratIko dvArA AkRti ke rUpa pAmelA saMvedanane zabdadehe vyakta karavuM te. zabda, chaMda, laya, alaMkAra badhuM ja "ApameLe" banI AvavuM joIe. kevaLa alaMkAra ja nahIM paNa AkAra, chaMda, laya, zabda, zailI paNa karNanAM kuMDaLa ane kavacanI peThe -jha hevAM joIe. kavie zabdano Azraya levAne che ane zabda artha sAthe saMpUkata che-avinAbhAva saMbaMdhathI joDAyelo che. eTale kAvyamAM arthanuM paNa gaurava che. A atispaSTa lAgatuM vidhAna Aje kAvya para vivAdAspada banI gayuM che. kAvya anubhavavAnuM che-AsvAdavAnuM che, samajavAnuM nathI e vAda atyaMta paricita che. tenI daSTie artha kAvyAsvAdamAM aMtarAyarUpa che, kevaLa zabda dvArA racAtI AkRti kAvyane abhivyakta karI zake. A ke AvA anya arvAcIna vAdano ullekha umAzaMkare karyo nathI kAraNa ke A nibaMdhamAM kavinI sAdhanAne rAjamArga darzAvavAne temane hetu hoya ema joI zakAya che.

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kalAnuM svarUpa jIvana anubhava che, kalA anubhavane anubhava che. anubhava upara pratiSThita hovA chatAM anubhava, anubhava karatAM ghaNI sArI rIte bhinna che. anubhava indriyajanya che, bAhaya viSayanI apekSA rAkhe che ane sukhakara ke duHkhakara nIvaDe che. anubhavano anubhava buddhiniSTha che, paNa mAtra buddhiniSTha nathI, tethI taiyAyikanA "anuvyavasAya" jJAnanI keTino hovA chatAM tenAthI taddana bhinna che. anuMbhavano anubhava skRti paNa nathI kAraNa ke e anubhava che tema e mAtra punaranubhava nathI, kAraNa ke punaranubhavamAM te eka ja viSayane anubhava karanAra bIjI vAra, trIjI vAra, ema anubhave che, jyAre anubhavanA anubhavamAM to samagra anubhava anubhavano viSaya bane che. Ama hevAthI ja anubhavanA anubhavamAM bAhya viSayanI apekSA rahetI nathI. te te indriyavyApAra paNa enA viSayamAM aMtargata thaI jAya che. ApaNane thayelA koI duHkhada anubhavanI smRti duHkhajanaka paNa nIvaDe che, kAraNa ke emAM anubhava kevaLa "ciMtana ane viSaya bane che-rAgadveSAdivRttithI prabhAvita avasthAmAMthI buddhi mukta hotI nathI. paNa e ja anubhavanI smRtimAM rAgadveSAdittine prabhAva lupta thayelo hoya te e duHkhada anubhavanuM smaraNa sukhajanaka bane. A prakriyAne kAlidAse "saciMtana nAma ApyuM che : pratAna duHvAghA pu racanAnAni purajJAcakSuvana (raghuvaMza 14-10) AvuM saMcintana kalAnA mULamAM raheluM che. saMciMtana eTale samyaphaciMtana, samagra cetanA dvArA anubhavanuM ciMtana ke samagra anubhavanuM cetanA dvArA "ciMtana' kalAsarjanamAM pAyArUpa che. sahadaya (pAribhASika arthamAM) sarjakanI samagra cetanA (buddhi, hRdaya ane AtmA) viSayanuM grahaNa-ciMtana-tatkAla karatI thaI jAya

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akSaro che, enA anubhava ane sacintana vacce bheda luptavata banI zake che. sAmAnya rIte te sarjaka samagra anubhavane buddhi ke hRdaya dvArA ciMtanane viSaya banAve che ane AtmA sAthe tene yoga sAdhavA prayatna kare che. eTaluM te spaSTa che ke uttama kalAsarjanamAM samagra anubhavanuM samagra cetanA dvArA (buddhi, hadaya ane AtmA dvArA), * ciMtana" hoya che ane tethI ja e sarjana satya, ziva ane suMdaranA AvirbhAvarUpa banI rahe che. ( saMskRti, me 1959)

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vivecanamAM sarvagrAhitA ane AtmalakSitA vivecana eTale kalAvivecana, vizeSataH sAhitya-vivecana. vivecananuM zAstra hoI zake ane che, paNa vivecana jAte zAstra nathI. zAstra-buddhino-vicAra-viSaya che ane vastuniSTha (objective) che, tethI tenAM vidhAnomAM virodhane avakAza nathI. je kaI sthaLe virodha najare Ave che tenuM mULa buddhi dvArA zodhI kADhavuM zakya che. vivecana paNa je mAtra vastuniSTha (sarvagrAhI) heta to 1887mAM kusumamALA" vize maNilAla dvivedI ane ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha jevA saniSTha vivecake vacce matabheda saMbhavata nahi. eka ja sAhityakRti vize vivecako vacce najare AvatA saMniSTha matabhedanuM mULa racibhedamAM rahyuM che ane ruci, buddhi ke vicAranuM mULa nathI-mananI prakriyA nathI, e vyaktinAM bhAva, bhAvanA ane saMskArothI ghaDAya che-ane pradhAnapaNe hadayanI prakriyA che. rUci Ama kevaLa svalakSI ane vaiyaktika hovAthI Taxhaa : e nirAkaraNa ApaNe svIkArIe chIe. vivecaka sarjaka kahevAya ke kema e prazna ApaNe ' tyAM AjathI trIseka varSa pahelAM sArI peThe carcAyo hato. e carcAnuM bIja sAcI rIte to A rUcimAM raheluM che. - vivecaka sarjaka jeTale svataMtra nathI e dekhItuM che. vivecananA viSaya tarIke svIkArelI kRtine anulakSIne ja teNe pravRtti karavAnI &ya che. prA. maTanane eka veLA bahu carcAyelo "vivecana kevaLa Inductive hovuM joIe. e mata na svIkArIe te paNa a. 5

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akSarA kAvyakRtinA bahiraMga vize eTale zabda, zabdArtha, chaMda, prAsa vagere vize to vivecakanI vRtti vastuniSTha raheze, kAvyakRtinA svadezaprema ke bhatrI ke samarpaNa ke prema jevA viSayanI bAbatamAM paNa vastuniSThatA . ja raheze. ATale sudhI te kAvyakRtinuM nirUpaNa vicArana-buddhine viSaya rahe che. ane tethI A bahiraMga vize zAstra-vivecanazAstra athavA kAvyazAstra zakya bane che. paNa vivecananuM kartavya A bahiraMganA nirUpaNamAM ja parisamApta thatuM nathI. kAvyakRti mAtra vAMcavA mATe ke artha samajavA mATe hotI nathI-mANavA mATe, asvAdavA mATe hoya che. A AsvAdana vivecakane bhoktA banAve che. kAvyakRtimAM nirUpAyelA vicAra, bhAva ke kalpanAnuM saudarya bahiraMganuM saundarya ane kRtinA hArdanI sAthe bahiraMgonA saMbaMdhanuM saundarya sahRdaya vAMcanAra eTale vivecaka AsvAdavA prayatna kare che. ane antastatva ane bahiraMgo dvArA thayelI tenI abhivyaktine suMdara-suMdara ucita-anucita vaccenI tAratamyanI aneka koTie mUlave che. A mUlavaNImAM paNa keTaleka aMze vastuniSThatA athavA sarvagrAhitAne aMza praveze che. paNa jema koI vyaktinA zarIranAM aMgopAMgenuM ane temanA saMbaMdho ane kriyAonuM nirUpaNa e saumAM abhivyApta cetanatatvanA darzana vinA adhUruM ane gauNa rahe tema kavine abhipreta kAvyanA hArdane sAkSAtkAra vivecaka na kare tyAM sudhI tenuM vivecana paNa adhUruM ane gauNa rahe. A sAkSAtkAra vaiyakitaka che ane adhikAra upara avalaMbe che. A kAraNe ja vivecana jAte zAstra nathI ema ApaNe upara kahyuM. kAvyakRtinA hArdane ane samagra kRtino AsvAda pAmelo vivecaka tenI abhivyakti ke rajUAta mATe zAstrIya prakAranI ke kalAnuM raMgavaividhya dhAraNa karatI zailI apanAve e judo ja prazna che. (saMskRti, phebruArI 1960)

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' arvAcIna gujarAtI vivecana koIpaNa pravRttine so varSanA gALA pachI pitAne ItihAsa AlekhavAne adhikAra prApta thato hoya te gujarAtI sAhityanAM bIje keTalAMka svarUponI peThe "vivecana ne e adhikAra prApta thayo che. ApaNI sAhitya-vivecananI pravRttino AraMbha pAzcAtya sAhityanAM parizIlana ane preraNAthI ja thayo hato ema mAnavuM joIe. AraMbhadizAmAM svAbhAvika rIte ja keTalIka maryAdAo rahI hoya che. temAMye narmada jevA utsAhI ane ullAsI vyakti kAvyabhAvanA ane kAvyasauMdaryanI mImAMsA karavA mAMDe tyAre temAM DaheLANa najare Ave e dekhItuM che navalarAma paMDyA jevA sahadaya ane samatola vivecakanI vivecana-pravRtti pAzcAtya sAhityane puratA paricayane abhAve maryAdita banatI dekhAya e paNa navAI jevuM nathI. narmada ane navalarAme potapotAnI rIte vivecanakSetramAM prathama prasthAna karyuM e ja emanuM arpaNa gaNAvA gya che. paNa, vivecana-pravRtti jene ApaNe paMDita-yuga tarIke oLakhAvIe chIe te yugamAM khUba phUlIphAlI. muMbaI vidyApIThamAM aMgrejI sAhitya ane vivecananA parizIlanathI prerAyelA snAtake jIvanamAM ane sAhityamAM abhinava prasthAna AdaravA utsuka bane ane pAzcAtya kAvyabhAvanA ane abhivyaktinI paddhatine anusarIne sarjana tema ja vivecananI pravRtti hAtha dharavA prerAya e svAbhAvika che. paNa A kSetramAM ApaNuM be hajAra varSa jUnI bhAratIya praNAlIne saMgharSa utpanna thAya e dekhItu che. A saMgharSanuM nirAkaraNa karavAnuM bhagIratha kartavya A yuganA pratinidhionA dhyAna bahAra nahetuM. tethI ja govardhanarAma, maNilAla dvivedI, ramaNabhAI nIlakaMTha

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68 . akSara narasiMharAva, AnaMdazaMkara, kezava harSada dhruva, baLavaMtarAya ThAkora vagere paMDitenI vivecanapravRtti samagra daSTie jotAM sarjana-pravRttinuM AmUlAgra ane sAMgopAMga Akalana karatI najare Ave che. kalAnuM svarUpa ane prakAro, kAvyasauMdarya, uttama kAvyanuM svarUpa, rasa, davani, guNa, rIti ane alaMkAro, kAvya ane chaMda, zilIvicAra, kAvyaprakAra, lirikanuM svarUpa, soneTanuM svarUpa, saLaga ke pravAhI padyaracanA, apadyAgadyanuM svarUpa vagere aneka prAcIna-arvAcIna praznonI carcA A yuganA vivecakoe karI che. ramaNabhAI nIlakaMThanuM racitaMtra pAzcAtya praNAlI tarapha pakSapAtavALuM eTale prAcIna bhAratIya ane arvAcIna pAzcAtya kAvyapraNAlIonA guNa-tAratamyanA praznanuM nirAkaraNa karatAM temane pAzcAtya kAvyapraNAlI vadhAre svIkArya lAgatI. maNilAla dvivedI bhAratIya praNAlInA pakSapAtI hatA tethI svAbhAvika rIte ja ane AnaMdazaMkare kahyuM che tema aMtaHsaundarya taraphanA AkarSaNane lIdhe pAzcAtya kAvyarIti ane AsvAdana-zailI tarapha matsAha rahetA. 1887mAM narasiMharAvane prathama kAvyasaMgraha "kusumamALA' prakAzita thayA tyAre ramaNabhAI ane maNilAla upara tenA virodhI chatAM lAkSaNika pratyAghAta paDelA e te sarvavidita che AnaMdazaMkaranI daSTi itihAsaniSTha ane tAratamyaniSTha hovA uparAMta samanvayalakSI hatI. vivecanamAM paNa temaNe A ja daSTi apanAvI che. kAvyazAstranA phUTa muddAo samartha rIte nirUpyA che ane parva ane pazcimanI kAvyapraNAlIne samanvaya sAdhavAno prayatna karyo che. baLavaMtarAya ThAkora paDatayuganA paNa kharA ane anugAmI asmakAlIna yuganA paNa kharA. e prayogazIla vRddha "yuvAnanuM mAnasa ramaNabhAI karatAM paNa vadhAre arvAcIna hatu-kAvyabhAvanA pAzcAtya laDhaNe ghaDAI hatI. 1890 pachInA be-traNa dAyakAomAM je UrmilatA. ane ADaMbarI bhAvanAzIlatAnAM to pravezyAM hatAM teno sabaLa virodha karIne ThAkore kAvyanAM AtmA ane zarIranI mImAMsA karI

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arvAcIna gujarAtI vivecana ane AjanI kavitArItino cIlo pADI Apyo. vicArapradhAna ke artha. pradhAna kavitA, "pRthvInI agatya ane pravAhitA, lirikanuM svarUpa, avanavA layane anusarIne navA chaMdobaddha ane gAMdhIyuganI navI kavitAnAM svarUpa ane lakSaNonI mImAMsA-A viSayonuM nirUpaNa ThAkaranuM vivecanakSetre pradhAna arpaNa gaNAya A yuganA vivecanamAM pAMDitya, niSThA, vicArazIlatA, spaSTavakatRtva ane kAvyazAstranA siddhAMtanAM cikitsA ane parizodhananI vRtti-A lakSaNe AgaLa tarI Ave che. prAcIna ane arvAcIna kAvya-praNAlInA saMgharSane aMta te arvAcIna pAzvatya praNAlI tarapha namato hato ThAkara jevA vivecaka e praNAlInuM eTale ke sarjakanA svAtaMtryane svIkAra, sarjanakriyAmAM sarjakanA saMvedananuM mahatva, viSayo ane dAnI bAbatamAM kAvyarthanI abhivyaktinI anukuLatAno nirNAyaka tatva tarIke ravIkAra, bhASA ane zailInuM arthane samucita AyeAjana vagere muddAonuM spaSTa samarthana najare Ave che. paNa A badhAM lakSaNo te gAMdhIyuganA mAnasanAM lakSaNa che. 1920 pachI gAMdhIjIno prabhAva rASTra upara paDavA mAMDyo ane tyAra pachInuM prajA vana ane sAhitya gAMdhIjInI vicArasaraNIthI ane jIvanadaSTithI raMgAtuM rahyuM. A ja samayamAM pAzcAtya sAhitya ane vicAsaraNIno saMparka vipula ane gADha banato cAlya. samAjavAda ane sAmyavadanI bhAvanAe ApaNI gAMdhIvAdI bhAvanAo sAthe prajAmAnasamAM jhIlAvA lAgI. gAMdhIjInI sAmAjika ane Arthika viSamatAonI mImAMsAe ane manovijJAnazAstra kaLA ane nItinA praznane judI ja rIte nirUpavAnI pharaja pADI. A gALAmAM vivecanakSetre mahattvane prazna banyo kaLAkAranA svAtaMtrya. sAhitya samAjasevA karI zake ema to prAcIna kALathI svIkAratuM AvyuM che. paNa raziyAnI sAmyavAdI vicArasaraNIe kaLA ane sAhityamAM pragativAdane janma Apyo ane atyAra sudhI svIkArAyeluM kalAkAranuM

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akSara vyakti svAtaMtrya jokhamamAM mukAyuM. pragativAdanI daSTie te je kaLA ke sAhitya prajAjIvana sAthe saMkaLAyelAM na hoya athavA to amuka sAmAjika, rAjakIya ke Arthika thenuM samarthana na kare te kalAke sAhitya nirarthaka che. pazcimamAM pracAra pAmelA A vicAra-AMdolanano ApaNe tyAM paNa paDa paDyo hato. svAtaMtrya mATe ApaNA rASTranA pracaMDa utthAnanuM sAhityamAM svAbhAvika rIte ja gheruM pratibiMba paDavAthI vivecananI dRSTie "pragativAdane Ama anAyAse lAkSaNika rIte svIkAra thayo hovA chatAM eTaluM to spaSTa che ke ApaNA vivecane " pragativAdane gADe besI javAnuM cAgya dhAyu nathI-kalAkAranuM vyakti svAtaMtrya svIkAryuM che enAM vilakSaNa dekhAtAM hatAM noMdhapAtra udAharaNe astitvamAM che. A yugamAM baLavaMtarAya ThAkora uparAMta rAmanArAyaNa pAThaka, viSNuprasAda trivedI, DolararAya mAMkaDa, vizvanAtha bhaTTa, vijayarAya vaidya vagerenI vivecanapravRti sAmAnya graMthAvAlekana uparAMta kAvyasvarUpa-mImAMsA. ane siddhAMtacarcAnuM kArya paNa karatI dekhAya che. pragativAda, sAdhAraNIkaraNa, vanikAvya, kAvyasaudarya, rasamImAMsA jevA prAcIna ane arvAcIna viSayonI chaNAvaTa thatI rahI che. umAzaMkara jozI, suMdarama ane anaMtarAya rAvaLano nAmanirdeza karIe eTale Aja sudhInI vivecanapravRtti sudhI ApaNe AvI pahoMcyA ema mAnI zakAya. Aje vivecanapravRtti vipula pramANamAM thAya che. paMDitayuganI peThe sAhityanI svA karanArAM sAmayike Aje paNa graMthAvalokana dvArA ane lekho dvArA vivecanakAryamAM sahAya ApI rahyAM che. reDiyo uparAMta dainike paNa sAhityamAM rasa letAM thayAM che. saptAhamAM eka vAra sAhityavibhAga prakAzita karavAnI prathA lagabhaga sarvatra svIkArAI che. Ama vivecana janatA sudhI pahoMce ane tenI sAhityanI sUjha keLavavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya evI paristhiti che. paNa pariNAmanI dRSTie vipula lAgatuM vivecanasAhitya moTe bhAge graMthanA

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71 arvAcIna gujarAtI vivecana paricayathI vadhAre AgaLa jatuM hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. vivecana moTe bhAge rUDha mArge cAlatuM hoya, svastha rUpanuM heya, dhadho banI gayuM hoya evuM lAge che. Aje ApaNe tyAM sAhityamAM badhuM svasti hoya ane vivecanane koI prazna ja na hoya evI sthiti najare Ave che. alabatta, pazcimanA vivecana-sAhityanAM bhASAMtare ke nirUpaNa dvArA navInatA ANavAnA prayatno thAya che. paNa A sAmAnya ke upajIvI pravRtti mAtrathI ApaNo vAro AvavAno nathI. sarjananA sAtvika ane sarvazALI vikAsa mATe sAttvika ane sattvazIla vivecananI AvazyakatA che. paMDitya ane bahuzrutatA vinA vivecana satvazIlA nahi bane. ApaNA vivecake pUrva ane pazcimanA siddhAMtanuM parizIlana kare, jIvana, sAhitya ane vivecana e traNenA saMbaMdhanI vicAraNA kare ane niSThApUrvaka vicArelA ane svIkArelA abhiprAyo AMkhanI zarama ke saMkoca rAkhyA vinA vyakta karatA thAya to sajanakSetre pravartanI dekhAtI ataMtratAne nivArI zakAya ane sarjananiSThAvAna banatAM jIvananiSThA keLavavAnA kAryamAM sarjana-vivecana baMne yathAzakti sahAya ApI zake. (AkAzavANI prasArikA, julAI 157)

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AvatI kAlanuM gujarAtI vivecana pAMceka varSa pahelAM AkAzavANInA muMbaI kendra taraphathI chellAM pacAsa varSanI kavitA" e viSaya upara vyAkhyAnamALA yojAI hatI, ane 1957mAM chellA dAyakAnuM sAhitya' e viSaya upara eka simpojhiyamasaMvivAda jA hato. e prayogonA citya ane upayogitA vize matabhedane kazo avakAza hoI zake nahIM. paNa "AvatI kAlanuM sAhitya" carcavAnuM, ane AvatI kAlanI kavitA ke TUMkI vArtA ke AvatI kAlanuM vivecana" evA viSayonuM nirUpaNa karavAnuM hoya tyAre tenAM aucitya ane upayogitA vize sAzaka thayA vinA bhAgye ja rahevAya. kAraNa ke, eka to, AvatI kAla eTale zuM ? be varasa, pAMca varasa, dasa varasa ? zuM samajavuM ? bIju, AvatI kAlanI kavitA ke AvatI kAlanA vivecana vize vAta karavAnI hoya to AvatI kAlanI kavitA ke vivecana kevAM hovAM joIe e dRSTikoNa-moTe bhAge AtmalakSI dRSTikoNa svIkArIne bolI zakAya. athavA to AvatI kAlanI kavitA ke vivecana kevAM hovAno saMbhava che e dRSTikoNa-vastulakSI dRSTikoNa svIkArIne paNa bolI zakAya. ApaNI A zreNImAM to A bIjo dRSTikoNa-vastulakSI dRSTikoNa-ja abhipreta che spaSTa karavAnI bhAgye ja jarUra hoya. vastulakSI dRSTikoNathI sAhityaprakAranAM AvatI kAlanAM svarUpanI kalpanA karavI eTale AjanAM ane gaI kAlanAM valaNo, vaheNa, bhAve, bhAvanAo ane AkAronA nirUpaNa uparathI AvatI kAla vize anumAna karavuM. sarjanAtmaka sAhitya niyatinA nirmonAM baMdhanothI para che, kavipratibhA svataMtra che. e jotAM emane vize tArkika anumAna karavAnI pravRtti upayogI nIvaDavAne saMbhava jUja che. chatAM

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AvatI kAlanuM gujarAtI vivecana 73. sarjanAtmaka sAhityamAM e svataMtratAne kAraNe vaiyaktika ane te dvArA saravALe sAmAnya lAkSaNikatAo ke laDhaNe ke valaNone ubhavavAne jeTale avakAza che teTalo avakAza vivecanAtmaka sAhityamAM nathI ema mane lAge che. ApaNuM vivecananI vartamAna sthiti upara daSTipAta karIe te vivecanapravRttinI maMdatA najare Ave. A vidhAna kadAca vadhAre paDatuM kaDaka lAgavAno saMbhava che. paNa A ja zatakanA pUrvArdhamAM ApaNI vivecanapravRttimAM je jema hatuM, je vaividhya hatuM, je bahuzrutatAmAMthI janmatuM UMDANa ane sAmarthya hatuM ane je utkaTa niSThA hatI te Aje, eka hAthanI AMgaLIe gaNI zakAya teTalI apavAdarUpa vyaktione bAda karatAM, kayAM ane keTale aMze daSTigocara thAya che? lIrIka, sajekaTIva ane jekaTIva jevA pAribhASika zabdonI paryAyAjanA jevA sarakhAmaNIe gauNa praznothI mAMDIne "dvijottama jAtinI kavitA kaI ? . " vicArapradhAna kavitA", "apadyAgadya' pRthvI chaMdanI geyatA-ageyatA ane pravAhitAne prazna, seneTanuM svarUpa ane tenI prAsajanA, kavitAmAM petheTIka phelasI, sAhityamAM pragativAda, zIla ane sAhityano saMbaMdha, AvA aneka praznonA UhApoha ane carcAthI ApaNI vivecanapravRttimAM je kriyAzIla uSmA hatI te dhyAnamAM letAM AjanI vivecanapravRttinI maMdatA vize kareluM vidhAna nimaeNla nahi lAge. Ama te, TUMkI vArtA, ekAMkI ane jIvanacarita ke AtmakathA jevA vadhAre pracalita sAhityaprakAranAM svarUpa ane lakSaNo ke viziSTatAo vize carcA atyAre thatI rahe che. prayoganI daSTie nATaka vize paNa UhApoha avAranavAra thatuM rahe che ane sAmayikamAM, AkAzavANI dvArA ane kRtionI prastAvanArUpe sAhityakRtionI AlocanA karAya che. paNa moTAbhAganI A pravRtti graMthanI paricayAtmaka noMdha jevI ja hoya che. kalAnA ke sAhityanA siddhAMtanI carcA ke mUlagAmI paryeSaNAnI pravRtti nahivat ja thAya che. udAharaNa

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74 akSaNa tarIke, thoDA samaya pahelAM ApaNA yeSTha vivecanakAra zrI viSNubhAIe AjanI kavitAmAM svarUpa ane temAM pratIta thatA zraddhAnA abhAvano nirdeza karyo hate. zrI viSaSNubhAIe carcelA muddAo evA mahatvanA hatA ane temaNe vyakta karelAM maMtavya evAM vicAradvIpaka hatAM ke carcAtmaka AghAta-pratyAghAtanI paraMparA temAMthI janme tevI apekSA sevI zakAya. paNa eka mAtra zrI umAzaMkara jozIe zrI viSaNubhAIe rajU karelA muddAonuM sodAharaNa nirUpaNa karIne potAnuM maMtavya vyakta karyuM te sivAya A carcAmAM bhAgye ja koI mahatvanuM carcAtmaka arpaNa thayuM hatuM. ApaNe je vivecakoe mauna sevyuM na hatuM temaNe zrI umAzaMkara paNa sAcA che ane zrI viSNubhAI paNa keTaleka aMze khoTA nathI evI dUdha ane dahIM baMnemAM paga rAkhavAnI salAmata pravRttine ja Azraya lIdho hato. Ama gharaAMgaNe upasthita thayelI mahatvanI carcA tarapha durlakSa ke udAsInatA sevAtI hoya tyAM Itara dezamAM kalA ane sAhitya vize rajU karAtA avanavA abhiprAya ke vicAro ApaNe mATe hastImAM ja na hoya evA banI jAya. udAharaNa tarIke, InTara nezanala kAunsIla phera philephI enDa hyumanisTIka sTaDIjhanA trimAsika mukhapatra "DAyojinasa taraphathI yojAyelI spardhAmAM apUrva vicArasaraNI ane mAMDaNI mATe pAritoSika meLavanAra DaoN. lADImIra vAIDelanA "kalAnuM jIvanazAstra" nAmanA lekhamAM karAyelI kalAnI mImAMsAthI ApaNe ajANa jevA chIe. ane ApaNuM AjanuM vivecana aviziSTa ja prakAranuM rahyuM che. prAcInakALamAM jema rasasaMpradAya, dhvanisaMpradAya vagere vivecananA saMpradAyA hatA tevAM. vyAvartaka lakSaNovALA ke amuka daSTibiMdune prAdhAnya ApI, pravRtti karatA vivecana saMpradAyo ApaNe tyAM nathI. eka aMgreja vivecake vivecananA cAra prakAra gaNAvyA che. pahelo ImIgeTIva-anukRtidarza--A prakAranA vivecanamAM kAvyakRti mULane athavA prakRtine yathAvat pratibiMbita karI zakI che ke kema tenI parIkSA

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AvatI kAlanuM gujarAtI vivecana 75 thAya che. bIjo premeTIka-vyavahAradarza--A prakAranA vivecanamAM sahadone A kRti saMtoSI zakaze ke kema te vicArAya che. trIjo prakAra che ekasapresIva-AviSkAradazI--A prakAranuM vivecanakRti kavinA saMvedanane yathAvat abhivyakata kare che ke kema tenI carcA kare che. ane prakAra che jekaTIva-vastudaza--A prakAranA vivecanamAM kAvyakRtinuM tenAM aMgopAMganI samucitatA, sauSThava vagerenI daTae nirUpaNa karAya che. AjanI aMgrejI vivecanapravRttine jhoka kavitAne eka "oragenIjhama jIvANu jevI gaNavA tarapha che. ApaNe tyAM vivecananA A cAreya prakArane viniyoga karAya che. koI viziSTa valaNa ke dRSTi vivecananA vyAvartaka lakSaNa tarIke svIkArIne vivecanapravRtti sAmAnya rIte karAtI nathI. chatAM ApaNuM vivecana eka tarapha sarjakanI svataMtratAnA siddhAMtano svIkAra kare che to bIjI tarapha prajAjIvananI samasyAo pratye prajA pratye tenI javAbadArI paNa svIkAre che. A phera Asa seka- kalA khAtara kalA'ne nAme ApaNuM vivecana surucinA bhaMgane ke svIkRta nItiniyamonA vyatikramane apanAvavA tatpara nathI. Apa mAM koI sarjaka "lolITa" jevI kRti racavAnI dhRSTatA kare ja nahI, ane kare to ApaNuM vivecana "kalA khAtara kalA'nA siddhAMtanA ThA nIce ke mAnasavizleSaNa ane manavRttinA nirUpaNanA suMdara namUnA tarIke sarjakanI svataMtratAnA siddhAMtanI rue evI vikRtine apanAve ja nahi "lolITA' to ThIka paNa zivakumAra jozInI navalakathA "anaMgarAga' vize paNa ApaNuM vivecana kevuM valaNa dhAraNa kare che e paNa vivecananA svarUpane samajavAmAM ghaNuM sahAyabhUta banaze. - A che AvatI kAlanA vivecananI "janmakuMDaLI "! bhalabhalA jyotiSIne paNa ghaDIbhara vimAsaNamAM nAkhI de evI che emAM varatAtI grahanI sthiti ! paNa ISTadevanI upAsanA karato tiSI

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akSara ISTadevamAM AsthA rAkhIne tenI ja preraNAthI grahonI pratikULatA jaze ane anukULa rahe baLavAna banaze e Adeza ApavA prerAya che, kaMIka evI ja bhAvanAthI mane paNa kahevAnI preraNa thAya che ke ApaNI AvatI kAlanI vivecanapravRttinA pAyAmAM ApaNA yuvAna sAhityarasiko ane abhyAsIone vidyAvyAsaMga, vivekazakti ane udyamazIlatA haze, jene lIdhe vivecanapravRtti daDha-kAya ane tejasvI banaze ane evI samartha vivecanapravRttinI kasoTIe caDatuM AvatI kAlanuM sAhitya vadhAre vIryazALI, vadhAre tejasvI banaze. (AkAzavANI muMbaI, 10 jUna 1959 )

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arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitA 1: prAcIna mUlyonuM nirUpaNa AraMbhamAM "arvAcIna kavitA' eTale zuM ane "prAcIna mUlyo" eTale zuM e vize spaSTatA karavI Avazyaka che. arvAcIna kavitA eTale 1930 pachInI kavitA-umAzaMkara-suMdaramathI AraMbhAtI kavitA evI maryAdA A pravacana pUratI svIkArI che. A anusaMdhAnamAM "prAcIna mUlyo' vize spaSTa karavuM jarA kaThaNa bane che. prAcIna mUlya eTale dayArAmanA samaya sudhInI kavitAmAM svIkArAyelAM mUlyo ja samajavAM ke narmadathI ane dalapatarAmathI paNa-zarU thayelA arvAcIna kALanI kavitAmAM nirUpAyelAM mUlyo samajavAM ke baMne samajavAM? prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna kavitAmAM jJAna, vairAgya ane bhakti pradhAnapaNe nirUpAyAM che. IzvaramAM zraddhA, "dharma jya-pApe kSaya e naitika siddhAMtane ravIkAra, Iha jIvana pratye vimukhatA ane mokSa prApti mATe utsukatA, nAtajAtanAM bheda ane baMdhanono svIkAra, strInI sAmAjika ane Arthika svataMtratA, strI keLavaNIne abhAva, aMdhazraddhA vagere dhArmika, sAmAjika, naitika ane Arthika mUlyo ane dRSTibiMduo svIkArAyAM hatAM. narmadanA samayathI zarU thatA arvAcIna kALamAM sagavazAt lagabhaga AmUla parivartana AvyuM. eka ja zabdamAM kahIe to sudhAro jIvananA samagra kSetramAM pradhAna sUra banI rahyo. IhalokAbhimukhatA svIkArAvAthI keLavaNIno ane strIkeLavaNIne pracAra, nAtajAtanAM bheda ane baMdhane tema ja vahemane tyAga, sAmAjika ane naitika dUSaNane virodha, videzabhAvanA vagere sAhityamAM tema ja kavitAmAM jhIlAyAM. narmadathI mAMDIne gAMdhIyuganA

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78 akSarA AraMbha pahelAMnA kALamAM sAmAjika mUlyo badalAyAM, dezAbhimAnanI ane utthAnanI bhAvanAonI navI kuMpaLa phUTI, naitika AcAranI aniSTatAo pratye virodha darzAvAyo. chatAM, samagrapaNe jotAM karmakAMDa pratye anAsthA hovA chatAM, Izvara tamAM zraddhA jaLavAI rahI. narmada ane baLavaMtarAya ThAkora jevA kavio utthAna ane puruSArthanI hAkala kare che, chatAM "khetI" jevA kAvyamAM baLavaMtarAya jAyeajANe keAI sAMketika vidhAnamAM mAnatA hoya ema paNa lAge che. kAntanI kavitAmAM Izvara ane daivanAM tattva dhyAna kheMce te rIte anupraveze che. prArthanAsamAja narasiMharAva ane abhedAnubhavamAM Atma- nimajajana jhaMkhatA maNilAlanI to vAta ja zI karavI ? hAnAlAlanI kavitA lagna-sneha ane sneha-lagnano naitika-sAmAjika prazna carca che ane neha-lagnathI joDAyelA AtmAo AjIvana brahmacarya pALe ane lokasevAnAM kAryo karI zake evo bheda "apArthiva Adarza paNa rajU kare che. beTAdakara saMyukta kuTuMbajIvanamAM saMbhavatI madhuratAnuM guMjana kare che. samagrapaNe jotAM, A kALanI kavitAmAM saMkrAMtikALamAM anivArya bane tevAM kSobha, saMgharSa, anizcitatA vagere lakSaNo najare Ave che. jo ke pAzcAtya saMskRti ane sAhityanA saMparkanA prabhAvathI prajAjIvananA vikAsanI dizA to nizcita thaI gaI hatI. ' pahelA vizvavidmahe jANe ke vizvasaMdhAnane mArga mokaLo karI Ayo ! vijJAnanI pragatie sthULa arthamAM e kAryane vega Apyo. rAjakAraNa ane sAmAjika tema ja Arthika kSetre krAnti lAvanAra sAmyavAda, vyakti svAtaMtrya ane vyakti ane samAjanuM samanvita hita puraskAra samAjavAda vagere paradezamAM utpanna thayelI vicAradhArAo ApaNe tyAM jhIlAvA lAgI. paNa e ja TAMkaNe bhAratIyatvane kAyAkalpa karI ApanAra baLa gAMdhIjInI bhAvanAo rUpe ApaNe tyAM avataryuM. sAmAjika, Arthika, naitika, dhArmika ane rAjakIya prajAjIvananAM badhAM kSetramAM A baLano saMcAra thayo. pragati tarapha

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avAcIna gujarAtI kavitA 1:prAcIna mUlyonuM nirUpaNa 79 pagalAM bharavA mathatuM ane DoLAyA karatuM prajAnuM darzana ane jIvana ekAgra ane vizada banyuM. 1930 pachInA kALanI kavitA gAMdhIyuganI kavitA che. svAtaMtryaprApti pachInAM tera varSanA gALAmAM viSaya, nirUpaNapaddhati, zailI vageremAM prayogazIla parivartana thatAM rahyAM che; chatAM enuM darzane gAMdhIyuganA darzanamAMthI cuta thayuM nathI. . ane gAMdhIyuganI kavitAne prathama spaSTa sUra paNa kevo UTho ! ho phATe ane uSAnuM prathama kiraNa rAtrinA aMdhakArane vIMdhI teja pAthare tema prajAnAM saMkSubdha darzana ane jIvanamAM saMvAdanI preraNA Apane "vizvazAnti'ne maMtra. umAzaMkaranA e nAmanA kAvyamAM gAMdhIjInI satya ane ahiMsAnI bhAvanA abhijAta kavivANImAM vyakta thaI che. paNa vizvabaMdhutva-vizvaaikyanI bhAvanAno 'e dUrathI maMgala zabda Avato"--e udbodhananAM mULa cheka upaniSadakALanAM cara vizva mavajhanIna ( jyAM eka mALe badhuM vizva zAmatuM !) jevAM vasudhaiva kuTuMm jevAM sUtramAM rUpAMtara pAmatuM ASa vAkyomAM che. mAnava mAnava pratyenI sneha ane samabhAvanI bhAvanA, hiMsA, kaleza, deSa vagere. Asura bhAno virodha kare e dekhItuM che. dezanA svAtaMtryanI prApti mATe briTiza sarakArI taMtra sAme gAMdhIjIe moDelA yuddhamAM virodhI vyaktio nahi paNa temanAmAM rahelI svAthI, kUra bhAvanAonI sAme jaMga khelavAno hataH A asAdhAraNa yuddhaprakriyAnAM mULa paNa buddhanAM na hi vereja raLi satIpTa karAvana | avere rAzi sambanatI muzvatam (na verathI vera kadApi zAmatuM, avairathI vaira sadAya zAmatuM ) A vacanamAM joI zakAya che. kavioe paNa yuddhanI sAme yuddha nI jehAda piokArI che ane na pApanI sAtha tuM, pApI mAratA." "haNe nA pApIne dviguNa banaze pApa jaganAM laDA pApa sAme aDaga dilanA gupta baLathI,

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akSaNa prabhu sAkSI dhArI hadayabhavane, zAnta manaDe, pratiSI keruM hita cahI laDe pApa maTaze. " (kAvyamaMgalA pR. 17) . evI vivekadaSTine puraskAra karyo che. prAcIna hovA chatAM ahiMsAnI je bhAvanA prAcInakALanAM kAvyomAM bahu jhIlAI nathI te bhAvanA ApaNI arvAcIna kavitAmAM aneka kavioe gAI che. A bhAvanAmAM mAnava mAnava vacce ucca-nIcanA bheda, garIba-tavaMgara vaccenA bhedane avakAza na ja hoyaH UlaTuM pApI, garIba, dalitapatita pratye samabhAva sevAya. "patitanA sAthamAM patita sama thaI rahuM" evI abhilASA paNa vyakta karAI che. janmathI ucca-nIcapaNuM nahi paNa kamathI uccanIcapaNuM mANasamAM Ave evo karNane dAvo haivAyatta ] mama Acatta tu vaoNkam e zabdomAM prAcInakALamAM vyakta cheH e ja vAta Ajano kavi karNanA mukhamAM mUkatAM kahe che : ke hIna ne nava hIna mAnavI, ke hIna karmo karI hIna mAnavI." (prAcInA', pR.6) UlaTuM A varSathI maLatI pratiSThA ane uccatAno virodha karavAmAM kavivANI TAkSano Azaro le che, ane keTalIka vAra baLa kaTatAvALuM ugra rUpa paNa dhAraNa kare che. sAco mAnavI te kheDUta ke saphAI dvArA lokasevA karato DheDha che evuM sUcavatAM kathAkAvyo ke prasaMgakAvyo racAyAM che. jhUMpaDImAM liMga mUkAyuM kuTatAM amRta vAcasAta nabhanA ghummaTa tANe mAye na tAMDava nAca: to ye tAruM jhUMpaDu moTuM tyajAyane ura AgeTuM ! (keDiyAM, pR. 64)

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vAMcIna gujarAtI kavitA 1 : prAcIna mUlyAnuM nirUpaNa 81 * ghaNu khele ne eraNa sAMbhaLe '; * heraNanuM gIta ', thADAnuM gIta', mAcI' vagere kAvyAmAM dalitA pratye vyakta thatA samabhAvamAM para parAgata svIkArAyelI pratiSThA-buddhi pratye vireAdha samAyelA dekhAya che. arvAcIna kALane kavi, sAMpradAyika raMge ra'gAyeleA na hAya tA, paraparAgata rIte IzvaranA astitvane svIkAravAne badale, izvaratattvane koI agamya paNa sarvavyApaka ane aMte zikara tattvane svIkAre che. kevaLa nAstika-vRtti vidhAnAtmaka rIte vyakta karAI nathI. AjanA kavi e paramatattvanuM suMdaramAM suMdara tattva tarIke, karAlamAM karAla tattva tarIke, bhayAnakamAM bhayAnaka tattva tarIke dana kare che. saMdhyA-uSAnA raMgA kANe pUryA evA mugdha praznothI Ara'bhIne, U'cI ane zAMta paryaMta TAce kAne vAsa ?" evI sUkSma kalpanAo karIne cheka UlU kAmAM mahAUlUka tarIke ane madhyarAtrinA gADha adhakAranA adhiSThAtasattva ziItha' tarIke kalpe che. Aje ziva-pArvatI ke rAma-sItA ke kRSNa-rAdhA vagere gauravazALI yugaleAnA kAvyamAM viniyAga thAya che. paNa te prAcIna kALanI peThe temanA pratye bhaktibhAva vyakta karavA mATe nahi paNa abhinava jIvanadRSTie temanAmAM vyakta thatuM ke ArapAtuM koI mAnava-jIvananuM udAtta tattva nirUpavA mATe, arvAcIna kALanA vibhaktibhAva seve che ane udbhAdhe che paNa tene upa:syadeva che svadeza-bhAratamAtA ke mAnavatA ke vizvaba dhutvanI bhAvanAH e devane caraNe sarvasamarpaNa karavAnI bhAvanA seve che. Ajane kavi vairAgyabhAvanA seve che paNa te prAcIna arthanI ke rUpanI nahi. enI dRSTi hilaukika jIvana upara TharelI nathI. e AtmasamarpaNusa samapa Nu karavAnI, prAcIna zabda vAparIe te vairAgya 'nI bhAvanA seve che te dezanA svAtaMtryanI prApti mATe, dalita-pIDitAnA uddAra mATe, vizvama dhutvanI bhAvanA siddha karavA mATe. ene meAkSanI a. ' C

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akSara kalpanA heya te te "banuM vizva-mAnavI" ane "mAthe dharuM dhULa vasuMdharAnI" e prakAranI che. | sAmAjika kSetre vyaktinAM gaurava ane svAtaMtrya svIkArAyelAM hevAthI kuTuMba-jIvanamAM ekama tarIke strI athavA puruSanuM paraspara pUraka gaNAvA chatAM samAnatAnI bhAvanA upara pratiSThita che. lagna-jIvanamAM strI puruSanI sahacarI che ane lagnasaMsthAnuM gaurava ochuM aMkAyuM nathI. ane prAcIna mUlyanI ja vAta karIe chIe tyAre eka muddA tarapha dhyAna doravAnuM mana thAya che. prAcIna kALamAM mAnavanI maryAdAo svIkArAI hovA chatAM AtmA aMte te paramAtmA e bhAvanA sevAtI. bhaktimArgamAM paNa "haricaraNanakI dAsI" ke "bhakti harino kavi harinuM sAmIpya ne prApti mATe jhaMkhate, AjanA badalAyelA jIvanadarzanamAM Iha-jIvananI maryAdA che. eka DagaluM basa thAya." "Apaje tArA aMtarane eka tAra, "bIju huM kAMI na mAguM"mahAnala, eka ja de cinagArI !"-evI sevAnI bhAvanAmAM maryAdAo upara vadhAre bhAra mUkAto hoya ema nathI lAgatuM? Avo lakSya-saMkoca naramAMthI nArAyaNa sarjavAne bhAgye ja samartha thAya; UlaTuM mAnava te maryAdA ane azaktithI dabAyela chete jIvanamAM udAtta bhAvanAo ke ene keTale aMze apanAvI zake ? jeTaluM AcarI zakAya teTaluM. AcaravuM. AvI AjanA jIvanamAM najare AvatI manavRttinA mULamAM A lakSya-saMkeca rahyo che. prAcIna bhAvanAnI udAttatAthI khasatAM arvAcIna jIvanamAM kevuM DahoLANa pedA thayuM che!--paNa kadAca A viSayAntara paNa hoya.

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ra : jIvanadarzana IsavI sananA vIsamA zatakane pUrvArdha pure thAya che te samaye AjanI ane AvatI kAlanI gujarAtI kavitAnuM saravaiyuM ane aDasaTTo kADhatI veLA koIne prazna thavA saMbhava che ke A saravaiyuM ane aDasaTTo gujarAtI kavitAnAM ja kema? samagra sAhityanAM kema nahi ? A prazna svAbhAvika che ane enuM nirAkaraNa karavuM paNa agharuM nathI. kArtikeya ane gaNapati e baMne bhAIo vacce thayelI. spardhAnI paurANika kathA ghaNAne yAda haze. gaNapatie mAtApitAnI pradakSiNA karI temAM pRthvInI pradikSaNA thaI gaI ane gaNapatine varadAna maLyuM. evI rIte kavitAnuM saravaiyuM nIkaLI gayuM tethI samagra sAhityanuM saravaiyuM nIkaLI gayuM ema mAnavAmAM hAni nathI. sAhityanA sattvanuM darzana kavitAmAM AvI vase che. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa sAhitya paNa jIvananiSTha-Aje te mAtra jIvananiSTha nahi, paNa jIvanapratiSTha che tethI ApaNA vartamAna jIvanamAM pravartamAna baLAbaLAnuM pratibiMba sAhityamAM avazya jhIlAya che. Ama saravALe te AjanI kavitAnuM nirUpaNa eTale AjanA jIvananuM nirUpaNa ema phalita thAya che. paNa A ja kAraNane lIdhe kavinI javAbadArI paNa vadhe che. "jIvana-dadhine maLIne kADheluM navanIta te sAhitya ane sAhityanavanItane paNa tAvIne kAMThelA ghata jevI kavitA hovAthI jIvananA mAtra skUla ke bAhya AvirbhAmAM rAcavuM kavine na pAlave, sAmAnya daSTine vizakhala ke Akarimaka dekhAtI vicitra ane vividha jIvanaghaTanAomAM kavi-daSTi sUtrAtmabhUta sthAyI tattvanuM sanAtana suMdara maunanuM darzana kare che. AvuM mArmika darzana karI zake e draSTA te krAntadraSTA-te ja kavi. dareka kavinuM darzana samAna upAdAna

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84 akSara hevA chatAM vaiyaktika bhinnatAvALuM hoI zake. jIvanane saMvedanamAM ane arthadarzanamAM vaiyaktika ISTa ke racibheda niyAmaka bane che ane tethI deva-bhaktinI peThe A jIvanabhakti paNa navadhA bane che. eTaluM ja nahi, paNa deva-bhakti jema zatrubhAve paNa zakya banatI purANe varNave che tema ati ojasvI ke svataMtra bhAvanAzIla kavinuM . jIvana-darzane virodhI nahi te vilakSaNa paNa banI zake. AvA krAntadraSTAo jIvananA nirUpaNa mAtrathI saMtoSAtA nathI, e jIvanavidhAyaka paNa bane che. kAvya ke sAhitya jIvananuM pratibiMba mAtra hota te sAhityavyApAra bahu te eka upayogI paNa gauNa kakSAne vyavasAya banI jAta. paNa jIvananAM vaheNone parakhavAM eTaluM ja nahi paNa ene potAne abhimata dizAmAM vALavAM e kartavya paNa kavine zire rahyuM che. ane kaMIka AvA ja arthamAM leDa TenisananI paMktie For he sings of what the world will be When the years have died away.' (The Poet's Song) vadhAre caritArtha bane. . 1901nI sAlanI maryAdA Akasmika ane skUla gaNatarInI daSTie ravIkArAI che. kAraNa ke I. sa. 1900nI sAla pachI paNa lAMbA kALa sudhI sarjana-pravRtti karanArA narasiMharAva, kAnta, nahAnAlAla, baLavaMtarAya ThAkara vagere kavionI kAvya-pravRtti to tyAra pahelAM AraMbha pAmI cUkI hatI. tema 1901nA varSamAM keI apUrva abhinava baLa prajAjIvanamAM ke sAhityamAM udbhavyuM nathI, jene kAraNe A sAlane mahimA gAI zakAya. chatAM 188-88mAM AraMbhAyeluM. zrI ThAkoranuM "ArohaNa" kAvya 1901mAM prakAzana pAmyuM e noMdhapAtra hakIkata che. e kAvyamAM vyakta thayelAM manomaMthana aneka aMtarAya naDavA chatAM paNa Urdhvagamana mATenI jhaMkhanA ane parama zAMtimaya taravanA astitvamAM zraddhA vagere lakSaNe e kALanA prajAmAnasanAM

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arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitA-2H jIvanadarzana sAmAnya lakSaNo che. dalapata-narmadathI mAMDI kavitAnA upAsako IjIvanAbhimukha thayA hatA. prAcInanI peThe A lokanI ALapayALa ke jaMjALathI sthAvAne badale jIvananuM mahatva svIkArIne vyakti ane samAjanAM jIvanane saMskArIne samagra jIvananI utkarSa-sAdhanA karavAnuM dhyeya kavio samakSa rahyuM che. alabatta A dhyeyanI sAdhanAna prakAre bhinna bhinna rahyA che. "rAha nyAre e cAlI "sanama'nI zodhamAM nIkaLI paDelA masta-raMgInI praNAlI ke jaganiyaMtAne vizavartI rahI jIvanasAdhanA karavAnI prArthanA- samAjanI praNAlI, ke amuka vAdane Azraya lIdhA vinA kaI maMgalamaya IzvaratatvanI upAsanAnI rIti-Ama bhinna bhinna rItie IhajIvananuM, parama- tatvamAM zraddhAthI yukta nirUpaNa thayuM che. prakRti, prema, lagna, janma, maraNa, jIvana, mAnavamAM rahelI divya ane AsurI saMpada ane samAjajIvananA prazno kavitAno viSaya banyA che. A parama tattava judA judA kavionA sucitaMtramAM jude jude rUpe pratibiMbita thayuM che. kAntanAM kAvyomAM mAnava-jIvanane maryAdita karI detuM ane apratihata jaNAtuM tatva dekhAya che, paNa jIvananI parisamApti unnata sAkSAtkAramAM thatI najare Ave che. narasiMharAve prakRtimAM tema ja jIvanamAM "parama divya jyoti ne ja Azraya zo che. nhAnAlAlanI dRSTie to A "virATano hiMDoLo jhAkamajhoLa" che. temAM khUlatA nara nArAyaNa thAya e ja jIvananI sArthakatA. ThAkaranA ArohaNamAM ane te samayanAM bIjA keTalAMka kAvyomAM parama tatva pratye zraddhA pratIta thAya che, paNa samaya jatAM A tAva. eTaluM osarI jAya che ke Aje, pite hamaNAM ja, eka sthaLe karelA sUcana pramANe te, A viSayamAM temane AsthA jaNAtI nathI. saMsAra-sudhAre, strIkeLavaNI, mAnavanI zaktiono vikAsa vagere bhAvanAo te aMgrejI kAvyabhAvanAne anusarIne kAvyamAM vyakta thatI rahetI hatI. 1920nA samaya sudhImAM paheluM vizvayuddha ane

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e akSara raziyAnI krAnti jevA jIvananAM mUlyeAmAM AmUla kSeAbha ke parivartIna ANe evA prasaMgeA banI gayA hatA. 1920mAM mahAtmA gAMdhIjInI jIvana-bhAvanAe ane asahakArapravRttie samagra jIvana-darzanane ane jIvana-vidhAnane raMgI dIdhu. vyakti tema ja samAja ane prajAnA jIvananuM maMDANa satya upara hAvuM joI e. ane sattvanA pratiSThApata mATe ahiMsAnuM zastra yAjAvuM joIe, e mahA maMtre prajAmAnasa mugdha thaI gayuM. samAjanI jaDatA ane saMkucitatA, aspRzyatA, strInI sAmAjika ane Arthika avadazA, Arthika ane sAmAjika viSamatAnAM bhega thaI paDelAM dalita-pIDitAnI durdazA ane uparAMta paradezI rAjyanI nAgacUDa vagere aniSTo sAme ahiMsaka yuddhanI bherIe vAgI ane mAnavatA ura trAsI rahI, raNu-AMgaNu-zANita-kSubdha. vIra UThThI Aja laDI leA tyAre junI sAme juddha e re! juddhanI sAme juddha. ghare ghare vIra gAMdhI jagAvA, bAraNe bAraNe mudde ! nI hAla sA~bhaLAI. mAnava vyaktinuM gaurava gavAvA lAgyuM. ane : vizALe jagavistAre' aNu jevA lAgatA mAnavImAM virATanAM daza na thayAM. pApanI sAme yudgha, paNa pApI mAnava paNa aMte mAnava che mATe na pApanI sAthe tuM pApI mAratA' e bhAvanA jhIlAI; eTaluM ja nahi paNa patitatama sAthamAM patita sama thaI rahyu`' evI vinamratA paNu kavie sevI. chUTa pAlizavALA ', ' meAcI ', * bhikhAraNa ' jevAM pIDita ke zramajIvIe pratye samabhAvanI lAgaNI UchaLI rahI. navajIvana bhAvanAe eTale ke gAMdhIjInI bhAvanAothI peASAtI A jIvanadRSTine ceAmera prasaratuM samAjavAdI (Socialist) AMdelana dRDha karatuM gayuM, '

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arvAcIna gujarAtI kavitA-2 jIvanadarzana samAjavAdI jIvanadarzana Arthika samAnatA athe mAnava samAnatA upara bhAra mUke che. vyaktinAM gaurava ane svAtaMtryanI bhAvanAene navajIvana bhAvanAe puSTa karI. paNa samAjavAda ane pragativAda kevaLa IhajIvananiSTha che, jIvana-vigrahanA nirAkaraNamAM ja vyagra rahetA A vAdane AdhyAtmikatAnA prazna tarapha najara nAkhavA jeTalo avakAza paNa nathI. A uparAMta vijJAna-vikAsane lIdhe prakRtinAM aneka rahasya ukelAtAM ane pariNAme jIvananI nigUDha mArmikatA osarI jatAM "Izvara" tatvamAM zraddhA DhIlI paDe ane nirIzvaravAdI sAmyavAdane pracaMDa baLa mAnava-mAnasane mugdha karatuM hoya te paristhitimAM jIvana-darzana kevaLa aihika ane bhautika banI jAya e dekhItuM che. paNa samagra daSTie jotAM ApaNuM jIvana-darzane AvI narI IhalekaniSThatAmAMthI bacI gayuM che, e navajIvana bhAvanAne vijaya gaNAvo joIe. jagata keAI sanAtana tatvano AvirbhAva che ane e tattva suMdaramAM saundarya, karALamAM karaLatA, amaMgaLamAM paNa maMgaLa rUpa evI aneka vibhUtio dvArA vyakta thatuM Ajano kavi jue che. A darzanamAM TAgoranAM kAvyanI asara paNa ThIka ThIka aMze thaI che ema noMdhavuM joIe. gAMdhIjInI bhAvanAnI bIjI moTI asara thaI che kalA ane nItinA saMbaMdhanA praznamAM. "kalA khAtara kalA' ke saMvedananA saundaryane aniyaMtrita rIte vyakta karavAnA kalAkAranA hakanI carcA ApaNe tyAM ThIka thaI che. sarjakanI A svataMtratA svIkArAI paNa che ane rUDha nIti-vRttine kSobha pamADe evI kRtio koI ne kaMI sarjAI paNa che, chatAM kavitAe nItine neve mUkIne zudra vAsanAnuM ja uttejana karavAnuM hAtha dharyuM nathI. utkaTa prema ane saMbhogazRMgAranAM aMgopAMganuM nirUpaNa paNa uchuMkhalatAmAM rAcatuM nathI. nArIpratiSThAnA pracaMDa AMdalane pazcimamAM strIne puruSanI pratispadhI banAvI mUkI tevA atirekamAMthI ApaNo deza Aje bacI gayo hoya ema lAge che.

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88 akSarA kavitAmAM strI puruSanI preraNAmUrti, sahacAriNI ane preyasI rahI che. premanA udAtta svarUpanA AlaMbana tarIke strInI upakAratA svIkArAI che. vijJAnanI zodhathI deza ane kALanI maryAdA lepAI gaI che. eka jagata' (One world)nA pukArathI vAtAvaraNa gAje che. te ja samaye sattAnA mada, lolupatA, dveSa ane kalahathI mAnavajIvana chinnavicichanna thatuM jAya che. vaijJAnika zodhoe mAnavInI pAzavavRtteionA tAMDavane anukULatA karI ApI che. pazcimamAM A paristhitie je parAjita manodazA ane nirAzAnI vRtti janmAvI che enA paDaghA ochevatte aMze ahIM paNa jhIlAyA che akaLAIne kavi pUche che : sanAtana phaLa saMbhave sakaLa sRSTimAM bIjathI na eka manuvallIe kyama ja mAnavI pAMgare ?' paNa ApaNA kavionI jIvanadaSTi pradhAnapaNe AzAyukta rahI che. vizALa vizvanI vividhatAmAM koI parama saMvAda-ekatA rahI che. e saMvAda sAdha, jIvananAM kaleza ane vigrahe viSamatAo ane samanvaya dvArA jagatakalyANa sAdhavuM evI bhAvanA kavitAe sevI che. A daSTie ja jagatamAM utkarSa ane kalyANa sAdhI zakAze evI mAnyatA vadhAre pracalita thatI najare Ave che. ApaNe tyAM bhakti taraphanuM valaNa kavitAmAM hamaNAM hamaNAM ThIka aMze vyakta thAya che. zrI araviMda jevA ga-draSTAnI preraNuM jhIlatuM jIvana-darzana paNa A ja vRttine poSe che. . kevaLa bhautika (materialist) daSTie jagatano vyavahAra ke aMtima utkarSa thaI zakaze nahi ema be vizvayuddhoe darzAvI ApyuM che. sAdhanAnA utkarSa mAM kaI gya sAdhya na hoya to e . utkarSanuM mUlya keTaluM? kevaLa artha ane kAmanA ja sevanathI mAnava

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avAcIna gujarAtI kavitA-2H jIvanadarzana 89 hRdayane saMtoSa thato nathI, e nirvivAda che. eTale artha ane kAmanA sevana sAthe dharma-AdhyAtmika jIvanane samanvaya thAya ane prAcIna lAgatI paNa arvAcInakALamAM paNa eTalI ja Avazyaka purRSArtha-trayInA susaMgata sevanathI samRddha bane e IcchavA yogya che. Aje sAmAjika ane Arthika krAMtithI jIvana uparataLe rahyuM che. kacaDAI rahelA mAnavane pitAnI zaktinuM bhAna thayuM che ane pitAnA mAnelA hakane mATe game te upAyo javA tatpara banyo che. kavitAe Aja sudhInA samayamAM A dalitapIDitano sabaLa pakSa karyo che. paNa samAjanuM ke samagra prajAnuM svAthya hakanI himAyata karavA sAthe mAnavanI javAbadArI para paNa eTalo ja bhAra mUkavo paDaze. dhanika ane dhanahInanI mAnavatA uodhavI paDaze ane baMnene svakartavyaniSThA samajAvavI paDaze. ane A kArya pakSApakSImAM paDelA rAjanIti bhAgye ja sAdhI zakaze. judA judA matamatAMtare, khaMDamaMDanamAM rAcatA vicArake paNa kadAca nahi sAdhI zake. A kArya saphaLa rIte sAdhI zake, vibhinnatAmAM ekatA jata, asuMdaramAM paNa sauMdarya jete ane kSaNikamAM sanAtana jete eka mAtra kavi.

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riDiye rUpaka viSe kaMIka "jIvanamAdhurI nA julAI 1957nA aMkamAM prA. DolararAya mAMkaDe reDiye rUpaka tarIke prasiddha thayelA abhinava nAca-prakAra vize mImAMsAtmaka noMdha lakhI che. te noMdha vAMcIne mane je vicAro skuryA che te A noMdha rUpe ahIM rajU karuM chuM. reDiye rUpaka no nATaka prakAra che ane tenuM svarUpa-baMdhAraNa viziSTa che ema kahIne prA. mAMkaDa A viziSTatAnI carcA kare che. A carcA temaNe kevaLa abhinayanI daSTie karI che. emanuM kahevuM sAcuM che ke reDiye rU5kamAM mAtra vAcika abhinaya kAmamAM Ave che. sAtvika abhinaya paNa ochevatte aMze vAcika abhinaya dvArA ja yojI zakAya. AhArya abhinaya eTale vezabhUSA, dRzya-saMvidhAna vagerene A prakAramAM bilakula avakAza nathI. e ja rIte pAnAM aMgopAMganAM halanacalana ke vinyAsane eTale ke AMgika ke kAyika abhinayane paNa avakAza nathI. te pachI prA. mAMkaDa reDiye rUpakanuM prAcIna saMskRta nATayaprakAra bhANu" sAthe sAmya darzAvavAno prayatna kare che ane e sAmyane kAraNe reDiyo rUpakanuM reDiye bhANa" ke "reDiye bhANikA' nAma sUcave che. e kahe che ke saMskRta "bhANa'mAM eka ja nara vArApharatI judAM judAM pAtro bhajavato jAya che, temAM cAre jAtanA abhinayo. hoya che, paNa vAcika abhinaya pradhAna hoya che. eka ja dazyamAM ekanA eka naTe judAM judAM pAtra bhajavavAnAM hovAthI pAtra para vezabhUSAno je bheda karavo joIe e to emAM zakya nathI, eTale A prakAramAM AhArya abhinayane " lagabhaga sthAna nathI ja. naTa bhASaNathI (vAcika abhinayathI) ane kAyika abhinayathI ja kArya

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reDize rUpaka viSe kaMIka - nirvAha kare che. vAcika abhinaya pradhAna hovAthI A prakAranuM nAma mag (bolavuM) dhAtu uparathI vyutpanna thayeluM "bhANa" rAkhavAmAM AvyuM che. reDiye rUpakanA anusaMdhAnamAM A vidhAnane tapAsIzuM te reDiyo rUpaka ane "bhANa vacce sAmya karaMtAM vaiSamya vadhAre dekhAze. bhANamAM eka ja na hoya ane vArApharatI judAM judAM pAtro bhajavata jAya reDiye rUpakane "naTa'-saMkhyAmAM AvI kAI ja maryAdA nathI, ane judI judI vyaktio judI judI bhUmikA bhajave che. (keI nAnI bhUmikA eka ja vyakti eka karatAM vadhAre bhajave te judI vAta che.) reDiyo rUpaka te nATaka ke prakaraNa jevuM vizALa vividha ane samRddha rUpa dhAraNa karI zake che. jyAre bhANa te atizaya maryAdita rUpano nATayaprakAra che. bIju, "bhANamAM vezabhUSA ke AhArya abhinayane bheda zakya nathI, e prA. mAMkaDanA vidhAna para kahevuM joIe ke "bhANamAM paNa AhArya abhinayane sAro avakAza rahI zake. naTe paherelI veSa-sAmagrI judA judA khapamAM lAge tevA prakAranI hoI zake ane yogya kSaNe AMgika abhinaya sAthe yathAvakAza AhArya abhinayanuM saMyojana karIne naTa dhArelI asara upajAvI zake. dAkhalA tarIke, kaMmare bAMdhelA kapaDAne naTa pacheDI tarIke ke kamarabaMdha tarIke upayogamAM laI zake ane e rIte puruSapAtranI judI judI avasthAe rajU karI zake e ja kapaDuM yogya kSaNe sADInI peThe mAthe oDhIne ke pAlavanI peThe pakaDIne ke tenAthI meTuM DhAMkIne strI-pAtranI judI judI avasthAo rajU karI zake. takhatA upara ja rahIne judI judI veza ke alaMkAranI sAmagrI mUkI devAmAM ke upADI levAmAM naTane kazI aDacaNa Ave e saMbhavita nathI, tema ema karavuM ayogya paNa nathI. "bhANamAM AhArya abhinayanI zakyatA sArI peThe che ema lAge che. reDiye rUpakamAM to AhAya abhinaya ke AMgika abhinayane kazo avakAza nathI.

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akSA bIju, "bhANa" vANapradhAna-kathanapradhAna rUpaka prakAra che. tenuM nAma mad dhAtu uparathI "bhANa' paDayuM che e svIkArI laIe, paNa reDiyo rU5ka paNa vANIpradhAna-vANamaya-che eTalA uparathI tene mATe viziSTa prAcIna rUpaka prakAranA arthamAM rUDha thayelo "bhANa zabda yojavAnuM bhAgye ja svIkArI zakAya. naTa ane abhinayanI daSTie to reDiyo rUpaka ane "bhANa" vacceno bheda ApaNe hamaNAM ja . te uparAMta, vastu ane rasanI dRSTie paNa e baMne vacce ghaNo bheda che. "bhANamAM dhUta ane viTanI vAto hoya, AkAza- bhASitane vipula prayoga heya, eka ja aMka hoya. kyAM A "bhANa" ane kayAM reDiyo rUpaka ? aMtamAM prA. mAMkaDa kahe che ke reDiyo rUpakane "rUpaka to kahevAya ja nahi kema ke rUpamAM rUpane eTale ke AhArya abhinayane bhAva pradhAna che, jene AmAM sAva abhAva che." A vidhAna ciMtyA lAge che. prA. mAMkaDe "bhANamAM AhAya abhinayane "lagabhaga sthAna nathI ja' ema kahyuM che, to bhANIne paNa A kAraNe "rUpaka" nahIM kahI zakAya. vastutaH prA. mAMkaDe, "rUpakano artha bahu sAMkaDe karyo heya ema lAge che. "rUpa ane artha "AhArya abhinayane bhAva" ema svIkArIe to paNa "ka"ne artha eTalo ja karavAnuM Avazyaka nathI tema ucita paNa nathI. dazarUpakakAre rU5 ane rUpaka vacceno bheda spaSTa rIte vyakta karatI vyAkhyAo ApI che. ja Tara tarase . A lakSaNanuM vivaraNa karatAM dhanika kahe cheH tava nATAM dara mAnatA haafmayurate nIkAvat / arthAta, nATayavastu dazya-daSTigocara bane che tethI nIla vagere rUpanI peThe tene "rUpa' kahevAmAM Ave che. kA# sArevA dazarUpakakAra dhanaMjaye ApelA rUpakanA A lakSaNanuM vivaraNa karatAM TIkAkAra dhanika kahe cheH naTe samAcArevena vartamAna vyar r ! arthAta, naTa upara rAma vagere pAtrono Aropa karAyo hoya che tethI nATane "rUpaka"

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93 ra rUpaka viSe kaMIka kahevAmAM Ave che. rUpa ane rUpaka vacceno bheda spaSTa rIte samajI levo joIe. "rU5 mAM " dazyamAnatA" hovI joIe. bhajavavAne yogya ane tethI " dazyamAna banatAM nATakone "rUpa'nI kaTimAM mUkI zakAya. "rUpaka mAM dekhItI rIte ja "rUpa ' aMza rahyo che paNa te aMza rUpaka mATe paryApta nathI. tethI ja vyAkaNazAstranI dRSTie saMdigdha ke azuddha chatAM nATayazAstranI daSTie mArmika "ApaNa" sAthe rUpakane saMbaMdha kaHpavAmAM Avyo che, tethI jyAM AropaNa hoya te rU5ka. naTa rAmanI bhUmikA bhajavatA hoya tyAM naTa upara rAmanuM AropaNa che mATe te rUpaka kahevAya. A vAtane bIjI rIte spaSTa kahIe te, jayazaMkara jayazaMkara tarIke takhatA upara Ave te te "rUpa" kahevAya paNa "rUpaka' na kahevAya. jayazaMkara "suMdarI" ta ke Ave ke koI anya pAtranI bhUmikAmAM Ave tyAre "rUpaka' kahevAya. rUpakamAM rUpa-(dazyamAnatA) aMza karatAM AropaNa (Superimposition) aMza pradhAna che, jene lIdhe te repa ane rUpaka evAM be bhinna nAme pracalita thayAM che. "paka"ne "AropaNa sAthe joDavAmAM dhanaMjaya ekalo nathI e to tat sUvAre jAnuM evuM sAhitya darpaNakAre ApeluM lakSaNa siddha kare che. A bheda dhyAnamAM rAkhIne vicAra karIe te reDiyo rUpakane "rUpa" na kahI zakIe te sAcuM; paNa "rUpaka' te avazya kahI zakIe, kAraNa ke temAM judI judI vyaktio judI judI bhUmikAomAM rajU thAya che-vyaktio upara pAnuM "AropaNa" hoya che. zrI barakata virANI -barakata virANI tarIke reDiyo dvArA bole che ane siddharAja jevA pAtra tarIke paNa bole che. vyakti eka ja hevA chatAM, pahelA prakAramAM AropaNa nathI eTale e "rUpaka' nathI ("rUpa" te nathI ja), jyAre bIjA prakAramAM AropaNa che eTale e "rUpaka" che. trIsa varasanA barakata vIsa varasanA barakatanI rajUAta kare-reDiyo dvArA ke takhtA upara, te tyAM rUpaka che.

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94 akSara rUpakane A artha samajAyA pachI mane lAge che ke reDiyo rUpakane rUpaka kahevuM zAstrIya daSTie nyApya che ane vyavahAru daSTie phAvatuM che paNa sAcI vAta to e che ke reDiye rUpakane prakAra arvAcIna ane sarvathA aparicitapurva prakAra che. tene prAcIna prakAromAM jema tema samAveza karavAno prayatna zakya haze to paNa saphaLa thavo muzkela haze. kharI rIte te, prAcIna sAhityazAstrIoe kAvyanA dazya ane zravya evA be vibhAgo pADyA che temAM kevaLa zravya" prakAra Aje ApaNe umeravo joIe. jema prAcInee dazya tarIke svIkArelo prakAra zravya-aMzavALA paNa che tema temaNe svIkArelo zravya-prakAra dazya-aMzathI mukta nathI, kAraNa ke raghuvaMza jevuM kAvya vAMcI saMbhaLAvanAra sahadaya vyakti vAcika abhinaya sAthe mukha, hAtha vagere dvArA AMgika abhinaya paNa saheje karatI raheze. A dazya aMza thavya kAvya sAthe anivArya rIte saMkaLAyelo che. tethI jema mUka abhinaya, mUka-citrapaTa vagere "kevaLa dazya" prakAra che tema dhvanimudrA ( records) ane reDiyo dvArA rajU karAtuM sAhitya kevaLa zravya" prakAranuM che. reDiye rUpaka mATe koIka vAra "zrutikA" zabda vaparAte sAMbhaLe hato te svIkAravA jevo lAge che. te (jIvanamAdhurI, ogasTa 1957)

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gujarAtI nATayasAhityamAM abhineya nATakAnuM svarUpa nATakamAM dRzyAtmakatA heAya paNa te kevaLa dRzya ke kevaLa maneAra jaka ke kevaLa zravya na hoya. ane jema dezakALa pharatA gaye che, tema nATakamAM ye navAM navAM parivatA thayAM che, navAM navAM rUpA umerAyAM che. dAkhalA tarIke, reDiyA nATikA. jo ke eya kevaLa zravya nathI kAraNa ke paThana karanAre bhAvAnurUpa vAcika abhinaya karavA paDe che. vAcika abhinaya, bhASA e nATakanuM bahu mahattvanuM sAdhana che. khIjA sAdhanasaraMjAma para bhAra mUkavA te cegya nathI. ApaNe tyAM evuM banI rahyuM che, kAraNa ke ApaNe tyAM prAcIna praNAlikAne anusaravAnI vRtti kaoNMIka maMda che. sAme pakSe pAzcAtyane, Adhunikane svIkAravAnI ApaNI tatparatA vadhAre che. ApaNe prayAgA jhIlavAne vadhu utsuka chIe, prAyeAgikatAnI dhagaza sevIe chIe, paNa leAkaruci keLavAI nathI. emanA adhikAra vadhyA nathI. nATakamAM ra'gasajAvaTanI mAphaka ja bhASAnI ye sajAvaTa ghaNI vAra maryAdA eLagI jAya che. pariNAme leAkAne kalpanA uttejAya ema lAgatuM nathI. nATakamAM prekSaka sahakArI bane e jovuM joIe. dAkhalA tarIke kAlidAsanAM nATakA, emAM AvatA laikAmAM-keAIka DeAka maraDIne pAchuM jotA ne AgaLa dADaze jatA haraNanuM varNana hoya teA, dhArA ke tame haraNane ragama ca para tA lAveA, paNa ene pAchuM kaI rIte jovaDAvaze ? eTale e vaNuM namAMthI ja-enA pAnamAMthI ja-tAdazatA lekeAnA manamAM khaDI thAya. AvAM varSoMne ne leAkeA nATakamAM Avasyaka ne saprayeAjana che. gItA paNa nATakamAM jarUrI che--enI sAmenI sUga na joIe-- paNa nATakamAM e saprayeAjana, ceAgya sthAne ja AvatuM heAya tA.

Page #105
akSaNa prayoga bhale lAMbo thAya, e kADhI nAkhavAnI jarUra nathI. mRcchakaTikano prayoga muMbaImAM thayo, cha-sADA-cha kalAka cAlyo vacamAM deDha-be kalAka te be dazyo vacce taiyArInA gayA ! paNa e nATaka sAMgopAMga rajU thayuM. pAtronI sajAvaTa paNa evI ja. e pravahagADI-paNa pUnAmAM raMgabhUmi para laI AvelA. suMdarame ghaNuM do kADhI nAkhyAM che, paNa pele mULa nATakano prayoga jotAM te ema lAge che ke emAMthI kazuM ya bAda karavA jevuM nathI, ema karavA jatAM to enI mULa sRSTi khaMDita thatI lAge che. AvI tRpti ApatAM nATako gujarAtImAM keTalAM? ApaNe tyAM te hAla lekarucine paMpALavA mATe nATaka lakhAya, ne e ja rajU thAya. eTale ke evAM ja mane raMjananAM ramakaDAM mAgyA kare, ne naTA e ja pasaMda karIne bhajave. A vicious circle teDavuM joIe. jemAM sAhityanI gadheya nathI hotI evAM saMgItarUpake lakhAya che! A kamabhAgya che! pravAhapatitatA jyAM tyAM dekhAya che. sAhityakIya nATake pratyenI sUga vidyAthIomAM paNa che! emaNe evI abhimukhatA khoI ja nathI mAtra, paNa khovI che evA bhAna sAtheevA hetu sAthe e loko sAhityetara raMgavALAM nATaka-prahasano ja pasaMda kare che e vastu dukhada che. ( "ragama " milana, suratanA Azraye tA. 26 jAnyuArI 1958nA reja Apela vyAkhyAnane sArasaMkSepa)

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vArtAvicAra huM chuM ke tamane A vArtA gamI ? tame ghaNe bhAge bolI UThazo, "A te kevo savAla? vArtA to game ja ne?" vArtAmAM gamavA na gamavAmAM phera hoya. sAmAnya rIte vArtA eka vAra vAMcI eTale patyuM. pachI bIjI, pachI trIjI, pachI cothI ema vArtA upara vArtA ApaNe vAMcatAM jaIe chIe ane dareka vArtA ApaNane gamatI ja hoya evI vRtti anubhavIe chIe. chatAM dhAro ke tamane kaI pUche ke; "amuka vArtA tema ja tame vAMcelI emanI bIjI aneka vArtAomAMthI tamane kaI vadhAre gamI?" to tame tarata vicAramAM paDI jaze. baMne vArtAnA judA judA aMzo yAda karI jeze. pAtro upara e prasaMgonI kevI asara thaI che, saMvAda ke varNanane upayoga vArtAmAM kevI rIte karavAmAM AvyuM che, vArtAnI mAMDaNI zI rIte thaI che. AvAM aneka dRSTibiMduo tamArI samakSa rajU thaze ane e pRthakkaraNa karIne tame "A vArtA sArI ke pelI sArI" e tamAre nirNaya bAMdhaze, ane AvI rIte vicArapuraHsara nirNaya bAMdha e ja yogya kahevAya. kAraNa ke sAhityanA rasAsvAdamAM mAtrA ane prakAramAM paNa bhinnatA saMbhave che. . vArtAnAM aMgopAMgonuM pRthakkaraNa ke tenI yogyatA-ayogyatA samajavI ane mUlya AMkavuM e dekhItI rIte saheluM na hoya ane tethI A zakti paNa sAdhanA dvArA ja keLavI zakAya ane tevAM bIjAM daSTibiMduothI nirUpatA rahevuM. eka ja lekhakanI judI judI vArtAo vAMcIne te badhImAM samAna aMza keTalA che ane bhinnatA keTalI che e samajavAno prayatna karavo ane kaI vArtA kayA aMzamAM ke samagra a. 7

Page #107
akSaro rUpe bIjI karatAM caDhiyAtI ke UtaratI che tene khyAla rAkhatA javuM. AvA samajapUrvakanA abhyAsathI judA judA pratiSThita lekhakenI kRtionuM parizIlana karavuM. AraMbhamAM vArtA vAMcavAnI A rIta kaMIka kaThora ane kRtrima jevI lAge, parizrama paNa mAgI le, paNa dareka bAbatamAM bane che tema AmAM paNa Teva paDI jAya che, phAvaTa AvI jAya che ane bahoLA vAcana ane vivecanane lIdhe sUkSma nirIkSaNa karatA rahevAnuM sukara banI rahe che. koI paNa vyakita A vivecanazakti keLavI zake che. vizALa vAcana ane manana dvArA teNe darzAvelA nirNa vicAraNAnA sthira pAyA upara baMdhAyelA heya che. Ama chatAM ghaNuM vAra ema paNa bane ke eka ja vArtA-ke bIjI keI sAhityakRtinA mUlya vize ke guNadoSanA tAratamya vize pratiSThita sAhitya-parizIlakamAM paNa matabheda rahe. ekane je suMdara athavA utkRSTa lAge te bIjAne ke bIjA badhAne suMdara ke utkRSTa lAge evo niyama nathI. chatAM judAM judAM sAhityamAM sarvamAnya banelI ane sahadaya vAcakanA manamAM vasI gayelI aneka kRtione tapAsIne, sarakhAvIne sAhityanA prakAra paratve TUMkI vArtA para keTalAMka lakSaNa tAravI zakAya ane aparihArya gaNI zakAya tevA niyama bAMdhI zakAya. eTale vArtAnA kalevara vize ke vastusaMvidhAna vize ke nirUpaNapaddhati vize matabheda na rahe. chatAM samagra vArtA para tenI rasapradatA ke pratItikaratA vize matabhedane avakAza rahe. AnuM mukhya kAraNa e che ke sAhityakRti AtmalakSI (subjective) che, bhUgoLa ke garNitazAstranI peThe paralakSI (objective) nathI. sarjaka ahIM jIvananI vizALatA ane vividhatAmAMthI kaI prasaMga, pAtra ke aMza upADI laIne kalAtmaka rIte ene zabdadeha samaye che. vArtAne viSaya jIvanano aMza hoya che chatAM vArtAlekhaka e viSayane pitAnI daSTithI jue che ane vArtArUpe nirUpe che. enuM e darzana ke nirUpaNa vaiyaktika che ane tethI ja sahadaya vAcake para

Page #108
vArtAvicAra paNa tenI asara te te vAcakanA citaMtra ke adhikArane anusarIne judI judI thAya e dekhItuM che. AvI paristhitimAM eka vAta spaSTapaNe samajAze ane te e ke vArtAkAranuM potAnuM maMtavya ke darzana e vArtAmAM kayA prakAranuM rahyuM che, te zuM kahevA mAge che, kayA saMjogomAM kayA prerakabaLane vaza thaIne ene vArtA lakhavA mATe preraNA maLI vagere vigato je ApaNe jANI laIe te vArtAkArane ane vArtAne nyAya ApavAnuM kArya saheluM thaI paDe. TUMkI vArtAnuM mukhya lakSaNa TUkApaNuM, saMkSiptatA che. jo ke lAMbApaNA ane TUMkA paNa vize judA judA khyAlane avakAza che. tethI ja cAra pAnAMnI TUMkI vArtA hoya tema cAlIsa-pacAsa pAnAMnI paNa hoya. A bAhya maryAdAmAMthI ja TUMkI vArtAnAM keTalAMka atyaMtara lakSaNo utpanna thAya che. TUMkI vArtA svataMtra sAhityaprakAra che, ane tethI navalakathA ke bIjAM kalAsarjananI peThe TUMkI vArtA paNa svayaMparyApta kalAsarjana che. navalakathAnAM pAMca-sAtaso pAnAMnA vistIrNa paTamAMthI je svayaMparyApta kalAsaundaryAnubhava thAya che te svayaMparyApta saundaryAnubhava TUMkI vArtAe potAnA sAMkaDA vistAramAM karAvI rahyo. tethI TUMkI vArtA jIvananA vizALa ane saMkula paTane badale ekAda prasaMga ke pAtra ke aMzane viSaya tarIke svIkArI zake. navalakathAmAM aneka pAtro AvI zake, temanA jIvananA bhinna bhinna prasaMge mokaLAzathI varNavI zakAya ane lAMbe gALe e pAtronI paristhiti ke vyaktitvamAM kevAM parivartana thayAM ke na thayAM e darzAvI zakAya. TUMkI vArtAmAM A badhuM azakya che. emAM eka ja pAtranuM paNa samagra daSTie nirUpaNa karavuM azakya bane. e pAtranA hRdayanI ke mananI ke vyaktitvanI ekAda rekhA, ekAda guNadoSa ke kaMI lakSaNa upara ja mITa mAMDIne ene ja kalAtmaka rIte ghUMTavI rahI. A rIte TUMkI vArtAnA lekhakanI sthiti muMbaInI be eriDImAM vasatI sughaDa gRhiNI jevI che. be nAnI eAraDImAM AkhuM ghara vasAvI devuM, eka

Page #109
100 akSara eka khUNe ane khIMTI kAmamAM levAM, TuvAla TuvAlane sthAne ja rAkha, ane Tebalakaletha Tebalakalothane sthAne ja. saMkaDAzamAM paNa sughaDa strI Ama gharanI saMpUrNa vyavasthitatA ane suMdaratA sajI de che, tevI ja rIte maryAdita viSaya laIne TUMkI vArtA lekhaka suMdara samagra kalAkRti sarje che. lAMbI ke TUMkI vArtAmAM hamezAM apekSA, kutUhala, vAMkavaLAMka, virodha vagere to avazya jAvAM joIe. A to na hoya te vArtAne pravAha ekadhAro ane tethI mALA banI javAne bhaya rahe. TUMkI vArtAnI gUMthaNa jeTalI TUMkI ane jeTalI,zliSTa teTalI vedhaka hovI joIe - jema vArtAne AraMbha tema vArtAne aMta paNa vastune saMgata tema ja poSaka hovo joIe. TUMkI vArtAmAM koIpaNa aMza nabaLA, meLA ke nirarthaka na hovo joIe. kI vArtAnuM zIrSaka paNa vArtAnA aMga jevuM banI rahevuM joIe. jema mALAmAM maNakAo parovIne baMne cheDA gAMDIne mera bAMdhavAmAM Ave che, tema Adi ne aMtane sAMkaLI laI eka sUtratvanuM bhAna karAvanAra mera te TUMkI vArtAnuM zIrSaka. merane pakaDI rAkhe eTale AkhI mALAnuM gurutvabiMdu ( centre of gravity) pakaDAI jAya che ane badhA maNakA potapotAne sthAne samAMtara banI rahe che, te rIte zIrSaka paNa vArtAnuM hArda rajU karI dareka aMgaupAMgane AvarI letuM devuM joIe. (jIvanamAdhurI. sapTembara 1961)

Page #110
cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya (lalita vibhAga) nitAntaramyAmarabhAratIsaritpramAtRke vAriNi gujarIgiraH / sarasvatIpAdapayogasaurabhaM niSevya cittaM tava bhaju gujjatAt // sannArIo ane saMgrahastho, AraMbhamAM gujarAta sAhityasabhAe A varasanI "samIkSA ane lalita vAlmaya vibhAga mane soMpyo te badala sabhAnI samitinA hadayodgata AbhAra mAnuM chuM. mArA jevA gujarAtImAM bahu na lakhanAranI A kArya mATe varaNI karavAnI javAbadArI vahorI laIne paNa samitie mArAmAM je zraddhA dAkhavI che te zraddhAbaLathI prerAIne A kArya meM svIkAryuM che. yathAzaktimati karelA A prayatnamAM tamane saMtoSa ApavAnuM sAmarthya hoya te te sAhityasabhAnI samitine AbhArI che ema mAnaze; guTio ke kSatio hoya te te mArI potAnI che; ATaluM zarUAtamAM kahI devAnuM ucita dhAruM chuM. " A varase lalita vibhAgamAM samIkSA mATe AvelAM prakAzananI saMkhyA 58 che. gaye varase A vibhAgamAM keTalAM prakAzane AvyAM hatAM te mArI jANamAM nathI, eTale gayA varasa karatAM A varase sAhityanA phAlamAM kaMI vadhaghaTa thaI che ke kema te kahevuM azakya che. nirapekSa dRSTie jotAM AkhA varasanI ApaNI sarjanapravRtti pacAseka ja phaLa ApI zake te kaI rIte AnaMdanuM kAraNa na ja gaNAya. paNa tame sau jANo cho ke A mATe bAhya paristhiti mukhyatve javAbadAra hovAno saMbhava che. 1944nI sAla daramiyAna vizvavigraha pUrapATa khelAI rahyo hato. e vigrahane pariNAme anekAneka niyaMtraNa

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akSara 102 ApaNe veThavA paDyAM che temAM kAgaLa upara mUkAyeluM niyaMtraNa paNa che. eTale kAgaLanI durlabhatAne kAraNe keTalAMka sarjane taiyAra haze chatAM prakAzana pAmI zakyAM na paNa hoya. bIjuM kAraNa e paNa hoya ke prakAzaka baMdhuo ke saMsthAomAMthI koIkanI zaratacUkane lIdhe koI prakAzana mekalavuM rahI gayuM hoya. Aje ATale varSe "samIkSA'nI pratti evI pratiSThita ane jAhera thaI gaI che ke koIpaNa prakAzaka tethI aNajANa hovAno ke rahevAno avakAza nathI. dara varSe prakAzake samIkSA mATe niyukta thayelI vyaktinAM nAmaThAma sAhityasabhA pAsethI jANI le ane vahelI take potAnAM prakAzane jema jema prakaTa thatAM jAya tema tema samIkSakane makatA jAya te A kAryamAM je vilaMba anubhavo paDe che te TaLI jAya. atyAranI vastusthiti te kheda upajAve tevI che. traNa traNa cAra mAsa thayAM samIkSakonAM nAmaThAma jAhera thayAM hoya chatAM sAmAnya rIte prakAzako potAnAM prakAzane saveLA mokalI ApavAnI kALajI rAkhatA nathI. 1944nA jAnyuArI-phebruArImAM pragaTa thayelAM prakAzano cheka 45nA phebruArInA aMtamAM mokalAya e paristhiti kaI rIte nirvAhya na gaNAya. alabatta, prakAzakone paNa vyAvahArika ke sagavaDa-agavaDanA kAraNe ja Ama karavuM paDatuM haze chatAM dareka prakAzaka ke prakAzana saMsthA vahelItake pitAnAM prakAzane samIkSakone mokalI Ape te kArya je teonA sahakAra vinA zakya nathI te saraLa thAya. balake Aje te e samaya AvI lAge che ke briTanamAM jema dareka prakAzananI eka nakala briTiza myujhiyamamAM mokalavAno zirasto che te pramANe "samIkSA mATe potAnAM prakAzane mokalI ApavAnI pharaja prakAzaka samajatA thAya. ahIM eka bAbatano ullekha karavAno mAro dharma gaNuM chuM. mArA anubhava uparathI kahI zakuM ke keIka-alabatta jUja apavAdarU5- prakAzakadhu ke saMsthA "samIkSA mATe potAnAM prakAzane mokalatAM acakAya che. koIka vaLI mArA jevA navatara mANasane A kArya

Page #112
cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 103 saMpAyuM che tethI nAnAmoTA sau lekhakane nyAya maLaze, ane pratiSThita mATe pAnAMnAM pAnAM ane UgatAonI paMktiomAM ja patAvaTa evuM nahi thAya ema paNa AzA rAkhe che. A vastusthitine ullekha karuM chuM temAM pUrvagAmI samIkSAkAronA kArya paratve ke niSThA paratve rajamAtra AzaMkA lAvavAno hetu nathI ja. hetu eTalo ja che ke samIkSAnuM kArya sijharanI patnInI peThe AzaMkAthI para rahe ane vADA-taDAMnA bhedabhAvajanaka daSathI sarvathA mukta rahe eTaluM ja nahi paNa enI pratIti paNa sau koIne thAya e "samIkSA pravRttinI pratiSThAne nyAya khAtara paNa Avazyaka che e tarapha lakSa deravuM. Ano artha ema nathI-ane prakAzake paNa ema nahi ja samajatA hoya ke samIkSaka taTasthatAnA ane nyAyabuddhinA bAjaTha uparathI nIce Utare ke guNa-deSa tarapha AMkhamIMcAmaNa karI kevaLa prasAdanI lahANuM kare. Aja sudhInI vArSika samIkSAo joI jaIe to tarata mAlUma paDaze ke jema kRtionI guNavattAnI mUlavaNI thaI che ane prazaMsA karAI che tema pratiSThita sAhityakAronA viSayamAM paNa doSa ke kSati tarapha paNa evI ja AMgaLI cIMdhAI che ane sAvacetI apAI che. samIkSaka zaktimati anusAra yathAvata guNadoSadarzana karI mUlyAMkana kare ane ApaNI vartamAna zakitaazaktine kaMIka AMka kADhI Ape e A samIkSAnuM dhyeya gaNAya. eTale gauNa bAbatone gauNa lekhIne prakAzake A kArya saphaLa rIte pAra utAravAmAM sahakAra ApavAno dharma, samajIne prakAzano saveLA mekale ane varSabharamAM prakAzita thayeluM eke ya pustaka mokalAyA vinA na rahI jAya evI kALajI rAkhe evI mArI namra sUcanA che. A varSanA sajananAM prakAzanamAM preraka baLA kyAM che, e prazna svAbhAvika rIte UThe che. paNa eka puragAmI samIkSAkAre noMdhyuM che te satya che ke e baLo kaMI varase varase badalAtAM nathI jethI te te baLAne ApaNe varase varase tAravI zakIe. prajAjIvananA mahAsAgaramAM

Page #113
104 akSA sAmAjika, rAjakIya, dhAmi ka, naitika vagere bhAvanAo ke vicAradhArAnI samIralaharI nAnAmeATA tara`gA pADe-upADe, gheADAghaNA kSeAbha paNa utpanna kare, paNa enuM peTALa tA kAI praca'Da jhaMjhAnI ghumarIe pANIne DahALe tyAre kSubdha thAya ane navI paristhiti janme. AvAM pracaMDa AMdalanA varase varase nathI AvatAM. eTale chellAM cArapAMca varSa mAM (kharI rIte teA chellAM betraNa dAyakAomAM) astitvamAM AvelAM je preraka baLeAnA nirdeza pUrvagAmI samIkSAkArAe karyA che te baLeA ja Aje ya pravatamAna che ema kahI zakAya. ApaNuM samAjanuM viSama avyavasthita badhAraNa, dalita-pIDitA pratye sahAnubhUti, grAmajIvana ane prakRti pratye abhimukhatA, svadezavAtsaya, svAtaMtryabhAvanA, vya isvAtaMtrya ane strIpuruSanA jAtiniSTha sa MbaMdha ( sex relations ) ane lagnasa'sthAnI samasyA - A ane AvA bhAve A varSanI kRtiomAM nirUpAyA che. A muddA paratve avizeSa noMdhavAnuM je Aje ApaNI svAtaMtryabhAvanA adamya ane ugra banI che : eTale hRdayamAM bhabhUkI UThelI e bhAvanAe ApaNA bhUtakALanAM zakti ane gaurava tarapha mITa maDAvIne AtmazraddhA prakaTAvavAnuM kArya karyuM. che. A varase aitihAsika navalakathAmAM caulukayAnA samayanA prabhAvava'tA gujarAtanI ane meAgala samayamAM vikramAditya hemunAM zauya ane cAturyanI prazasti gavAi rahI che. te ApaNA bhUtakALa ApaNI AjanI zakti ane zakayatAenI bAMhedharI Ape che evI matipUrvaka ke atipUrvaka dRSTithI lakhAyelI lAge che. khIjuM', pAMca pAMca varSa thayAM. AbAlavRddhane, sainika-asainikane peAtAnI karALa jiAthI cATatA vizvavigraha cAle che tenI asara paNa ApaNA sAmAjika temaja vaiyaktika jIvanamAM khUba UMDI thaI che. jayAM najara nAkhIe tyAM gUgaLAvI nAkhe tevAM niyama-niyaMtraNAnI meDIe- anAjanI mApabadhI, kapaDAMnI mApabadhI ane achata, bhayaMkara mAMdhavArI, gAmaDAMnI prajAnI asahya ane akalpya jevI viTabaNAo-A

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 105 bhArelA agni jevI paristhitine svataMtra rIte viSaya tarIke svIkArIne nirUpatI kAI kati A varase maLI nathI. 1942nI mahAsabhAnI svAtaMtrya mATenI jhuMbeza ane vizvavigraha baMne ananya kendravALAM vartuLA che ? te baMnenI pAchaLa pravartI rahelAM baLe tenAM teja che, ekahaththu sattAdhArI saramukhatyAra ke zAhIvAda ke mUDIvAda ke dhaNIpaNuM bhogavatA AsAmInI nAgacUDamAMthI chUTavA mATe hAma bhIDatA lekazAsanavAda ke samAjavAda ke gulAmI bhogavatI prajAnA taraphaDATa, raNajaMga ane yAtanAo, A bhAvanAo to ApaNe tyAM 1920thI ApaNuM kavioe ane anya sarjake e jhIlI che ane kalAdeha avatAravAne prayatna paNa karyo che. eTaluM ja nahi A bhAvanAo ane gAMdhIjInA jIvanadarzananI preraNAo ja ApaNA arvAcIna sAhityano lagabhaga pradhAna sUra banI rahI che. chatAM jIvana upara mITa mAMDI beTheluM saMvedanazIla sarjaka hRdaya nikaTatama paristhitinA raNakAra na jhIle ane jene cIle-pachI te samAjavAda ke svAtaMtrya ke grAmajIdhana ke ahiMsA jevA bhAva nirUpatuM hoya to paNa-cAlyA kare to teTale aMze tenI pratibhAne avanavAM AlaMbane ke upAdAnomAM vihAra karavAmAMthI vacita rahevuM paDe che chatAM samagratayA joIe to jaNAya che ke AjanuM sAhitya ApaNA jIvananuM darzana jhIle che. vArtAomAM ane kAvyamAM ApaNu AkAMkSAo, AzAo, musIbate, vimAsaNo, nirAzAo, strIpuruSanA saMbaMdhane koyaDA, samAnatAnI bhAvanA vagere bhAvanuM Alekhana thayuM che. prAcIna paurANika viSayane paNa arvAcIna daSTie saMskArIne arthagarbha banAvIne ApaNA atyAranA jIvanadarzanane vyakta karavAmAM AvyuM che. gujarAtIoe paradezamAM vasAhata karI che temAMthI utpanna thatA prazno tarapha paNa sAhityakAronuM lakSa javA lAgyuM che. brahmadezamAM gujarAtIonA jIvananuM citra AlekhatA prayAso Aja pahelAM thaI gayA che. A varase AphrikAvAsI gujarAtIonI sthitine ThIka aMze khyAla ApatI navalakathA maLI

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106 akSarA che. A rItanI "vasAhata navalakathAo' Novels of colonization nA lekhanamAM vadhAre vikAsa thAya e IcchavA yogya che te sAthe ja taLa gujarAtanA jIvananuM nirUpaNa svAnubhavaniSTha bane, kevaLa kalpanA upara madAra bAMdhI garIba ke mila majUra pratye sahAnubhUti ke gAmaDAnI prajAjIvananI karuNatA ke tenI badIonuM nirUpaNa kRtrimatAmAM na sarI paDe te tarapha paNa sAvadha rahevAnuM che. te ja rIte patitA manAtI nartakIonA jIvanane sarjananA viSaya tarIke svIkAravA jatAM ane tenA hRdayanI mAnavatA ke udAttatA darzAvavA jatAM sarjaka potAnA keI "vAda" ke ugra abhiniveza ke theyalakSitAnI dhagazamAM saheje sagavaDiyA ane kalAhIna nirUpaNamAM jhaMpalAvI bese che te tarapha paNa sAvaceta rahevAnI jarUra che. kRtrimatA ane dhyeyAbhiniveza sarjakanA mArgamAM niraMtara UbhelA paripathIo che. kalAkArane paNa jIvananA anubhavone sAmAnya mANasanI peThe sAkSAtkAra thAya che paNa tenuM urataMtra atizaya saMvedanazIla(sensitive) che, tethI sAmAnya mAnavadaSTine zudra ke dhyAna ApavA pAtra na lAgata anubhava sarjaka hadayane tIvra saMvedana karAve che. AvA anubhavamAM tenI saudarya darzanazIla daSTine kaIka sauMdaryane sAkSAtkAra thAya to te anubhava tenA hRdayane jhaNajhaNAvI UThe che.e sauMdaryAdhAnabhUta anubhavane e mUrta na kare tyAM sudhI tene cena paDatuM nathI. anurUpa vAhana dvArA e anubhava sAkAra thAya ane bhoktAnA hRdayamAM paNu e anubhava yathAvata jhIlAya evAM sauSThavathI, aucityathI ane aparokSatAthI sAkAra thAya tyAre kalAkRtinuM sarjana thAya ane evuM sarjana tene saMtoSa Ape. eTale je abhikrama (Approach) ke dRSTikoNathI kalAkAra potAnA anubhavane (e anubhava vAstava he ke vyApaka arthamAM satyaniSTha kalpanAjanya he) kalAvastune nirUpe che te ja abhikrama ke daSTikoNathI ApaNe tenI kRtine nirUpIe e tene nyAya ApavA khAtara Avazyaka che ane tenA guNadoSanuM

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107 cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAya yathArtha vivecana ke mUlyAMkana karavA mATe aparihArya che. jarmana sle 578 ( Goethe - Bisrt Wer den Dichtar will vertelen Muss in Dithters lande gehen.' 2 244 sUkama arthamAM paNa samajavAnI che. A uktine adhikArasUtrarUpe najara samakSa rAkhIne "samIkSA" mATe AvelAM pustakonI vivecanA karavAno prayatna karyo che. ATaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhI have ApaNe prakAzane tarapha vaLIe. paNa AraMbhamAM ja kAvyagraMthonuM nirUpaNa karavAnI atyAra sudhI cAlatI AvatI praNAlIne bhaMga karavAnuM jokhama vahoruM chuM. sAmAnya rIte praNAlIbhaMga karavAne zekha meM keLavyo nathI. eTale Aje praNAlIbhaMga karavAmAM je hetu mane pravRtta kare che teno ullekha Avazyaka che. sAhitya jIvananuM pratibiMba ke (vyApaka arthamAM) vivecana che e vyAkhyA to sarvavidita che. A sthaLa vyAkhyAne anusarIne ApaNe joIe to spaSTa dekhAze ke jIvanamAM jeTaluM vaividhya ke UMDANa ke saMkulatA sAmaTAM zakya che. pradhAnapaNe navalakathAmAM navalakathAnuM vastu jIvana jeTaluM vizALa paTavALuM ane vividhatAvALuM thaI zake. navalakathA--jIvananI peThe-amuka cokaThAmAM jakaDAI rahetI nathI. jIvanamAM paNa akasmAtone avakAza hovA chatAM keTalAka niyamonI pravRtti ApaNe joI zakIe chIe tema navalakathAne paNa keTalAka spaSTa AMtaraniya sivAya bAhya maryAdA rUMdhatI nathI-navalakathAnA niyamo * ja nathI e paNa eka mata eka AMgla vivecake vyakta karyo hato! eTale AraMbhamAM jIvanane savizeSa rIte pratibiMbita karate navalakathA vibhAga ApaNe joIzuM. te pachI keTaleka aMze khAsa karIne AtmalakSitva paratve maryAdita chatAM TUMkI vArtA karatAM Ama ghaNI vadhAre vyApakatA ane saMkulatAnA avakAzavALA nATaka vibhAganuM samAlocana karIzuM. te pachI sUkSmatAmAM, saghanatAmAM, vyaMjanAmAM ane saundarya jhIlavAnI zaktimAM kAvyanI najIka jaI pahoMcatAM TUMkI vArtAnA

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108 akSara vibhAganuM avalokana karIne chevaTe jIvananA ane sAhityanA arka samI ane sauMdaryane zabdadehe sAkAra karatI kavitAnA vibhAganuM darzana karIzuM. navalakathA A varSamAM prakAzana pAmelI navalakathAnI saMkhyA 26nI che, AmAMthI ATha aitihAsika ane bAkInI sAmAjika che. lekhakemAM dhUmaketu', cunIlAla va. zAha, "jyabhikhu', "divyAnaMda' vagere Aja pahelAM navalakathAlekhanapravRtti karI cUkelA. sarjake uparAMta zrI prANalAla munazI, rAjahaMsa, kRSNalAla cI. zAha vagere pitAnAM prathama sarjane ApatA navIne paNa che. prayANanA lekhaka zrI Idra vasAvaDA gujarAtanI janatAne paricita che. grAmajIvana jIvatAM garIbonI dukhiyArI dazA pratye samabhAva ane prakRtinA sanAtana chatAM nitya navIna saudarya tarapha abhimukhatA, A be tANAvANAthI A navalakathAnuM vaDu vaNAyuM che. prakRtisaudaryanI bhAvanA kevaLa varNanamAM ke paristhitinA AlekhanamAM vyakta thaI parisamApta thaI jatI nathI, paNa nAyakanAyikAnA hRdayamAM khullAM khetarone AkarSaka vAtAvaraNamAM jIvana mANavAnI UMDI abhilASAnI graMthi mUkIne lekhake samAjajIvananA trAsamAMthI nAsI chUTavAnI nAThAbArI tarIke paNa teno upayoga karyo che. A bhAvanAo kalAmaMDita saMvRtti pAmI anapAvRtta (unexposed) rahevI joIe, paNa rahI zakI nathI; theyalakSitA vAraMvAra khullI rIte ughADI paDI jAya che. gaMgu jevA hariguNagAnamAM divasarAta vyatIta karatA bhikhArInA pAtra dvArA vastumAM samAjanI jaDatA ane kaThoratAne sAme palle nirdoSatA ane AstikatAnA bhAve mUkAyA che. ane tene DokaTaranAM be bALakonA oThA nIce vadhAre gherA lUMTavAno prayatna thayo che.gAmaDAnI nirAdhAra pArake ghera UcharelI pAMgaLI asaMskArI chekarI (rAdhu)nA hadayamAM premanA zuddha niHsvArtha svarUpa ane vAsanAvikRtarU5 vaccenA

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gumALIsanuM graMthastha vAmaya 100 bhedanI samajaNa AropAI che eTaluM nahi paNa pote na paraNavAno nizcaya karI potAnA prema mATe mUratA harajIne keI bIjI chokarI sAthe paraNAvI devAnuM paropakArI kArya karatI paNa darzAvAI che! A judA judA bhAvone kalpanA sAmarthyathI samucita prasaMgaparaMparA ke pAtro ane temanA vartana dvArA kaMthAnakamAM vaNI levAmAM lekhakane saphaLatA maLI nathI. vastuvidhAnamAM asvAbhAvikatA ane durAkRSTatA, anAvazyaka prasaMge ke azonuM graMthana (u. varSAnuM varNana), ekadhArI prauDha zailIno abhAva, keTalIka vAra to chApALavI ane adhakacarI banI jatI lakhAvaTa, sthaLa ane koI koI vAra grAmya je thaI jato hAsyarasa-A doSanuM palluM. te uparAMta bhASA ane vyAkaraNanA khUce tevA prayoga paNa thayA che. saMvAdano prayoga chUTe hAthe thayo che. chatAM saMvAdamAM aucitya ke prayojana sAmAnya rIte najare AvatuM nathI. babe pAnAnA saMvAda paNa keTalIka vAra arthahIna lAge che. saMvAdamAM arthagarbhatA ke pAtra athavA prasaMganI udyotakatA joIe e rahasya lekhakanI najara bahAra raheluM che. raMgasucanAne Azraya levo paDe e navalakathA lekhananI kAcI hatheTInuM sUcaka gaNAya. guNapakSe lekhakamAM prakRtidaryo pratye mugdhabhAva, grAmavAsIo pratye samabhAva chatAM temanI badIo tarapha ADI AMkha karI javAnI vRtino abhAva, pAtranirUpaNamAM sArI jevI siddhi, gauNa pAtronA AlekhanamAM pratIta thatI zakti ane bhAvanirUpaNamAM vikAsakSama sAmarthya gaNAvI zakAya. darAnA DuMgaronuM varNana tAjagIvALuM che. nimakahalAla zeThanI khuzAmata upara jIvato chatAM UtaratI kakSAnA mANaso upara johukamI calAvato, mALIne dhamakAvavA jatAM aMte kAyara bAyalApaNuM vyakta karato, rAva tarapha AkarSaNanI prathama kSaNathI kamaLa AdrabhAvathI vatIne badalAmAM tenA premane jhaMkhato harajI, laphaMgA pitAnI nirAdhAra pAMgaLI dIkarI leNadAronA paMjAmAM sapaDAI jhUMpaDI.

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110 akSarA vinAnI thaI gayelI chatAM svamAnane vaLagI rahetI, pitAnA prema khAtara kaDalAM kADhI ApI sahadayatA vyakta karatI, harajI sAthe rAtre ekAMtamAM besIne vAsanAnA vegane rogI daDhasaMyama sevatI ane chevaTe jagatanI jvALAomAM koI potAnuM nathI ema samajI prayANa karatI rAdhu-A baMne pAtronI rekhAo sArI rIte UpasI che. jo ke . rAdhu harajIne gaMga sAthe paraNAvavAnuM sUcana kare te mATe lekhake kazuM kalAtmaka hetudarzana nathI karAvyuM e kSatirUpa che. khuzamijAja kanTrAkaTara pharAmajI ane tenI dharmazIla dayAvRttivALI patnI zilu, bhaktirata chatAM dArUne vyasanI, pApanuM phaLa nAza ema mAnI AtmasaMtoSa anubhavato bhikhArI gaMgu, daMbhanA pratIka samA chatAM pratiSThita piTamala, avasara joIne tumAkhIpaNuM ke dInavRtti dAkhavata paNa svArtha sArI levAnI eka paNa taka na cUkati harivallabha-A gauNa pAtronuM nirUpaNa lekhakanI sAcI zaktinuM darzana karAve che. vArtAnAM ghaNAMkharAM pAtronI rithatimAM palaTo Ave che ane eka ke be rIte prayANa' thAya che. paNa rAdhu ane gaMgu jagatathI kaMTALI khetaramAM ye prakRtine khoLe paNa sukha na pAmI kyAMka sukhanI zodhamAM nIkaLI paDe che. te uparathI - navalakathAnuM nAmakaraNa thayuM lAge che. traNa haiyAM-kRSNalAla cImanalAla zAhanI A pahelI navalakathA che je temAM vyakta thatI lekhakanI zaktinA vikAsanI zakyatA batAvatA guNene lIdhe AvakArapAtra che. vArtAnuM vastu gAMdhIjInI svArpaNa, lokasevA, ahiMsA vagere je bhAvanAo sAhityamAM khUba jhIlAI gaI che tenA upara racAyuM che. lokasevAnI dhUnavALA, majUronA jIvanane uddhAravA ane vyavasthita karavA mATe potAnuM sarvasva hamI devA taiyAra evI eka navajuvAnanI preraNAthI bhogavilAsane ja jIvananuM sarvasva mAnatI nartakInI mAnavatA mahore che ane uttarottara vikAsa pAmI svAtmasamarpaNanI parAkASThAe pahoMce che. vArtAne upADa karatAM lekhakane AvaDyuM che. pahelA prakaraNane aMte ja be judI judI jIvana

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111 cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vADmaya daSTinuM saMgharSaNa pratIta thAya che. aneka lakSmInandane jenA rUpamAM mugdha thaI caraNe DhaLavA taiyAra che te alakA bihArI jevA lAparavAha ane jIvane jokhame paNa lokasevAnI dhUnamAM masta yuvAnathI AkarSAI hRdaya I bese che. vArtAnAM pahelAM sattara prakaraNamAM prasaMge bahu nathI. lekasevAnI bhAvanAnA vAtAvaraNamAM bihArI AkAzamAM tapatA sUryanI peThe preraNArUpa thaI rahe che, ane lekhaka nartakI alakA, bihArInI sahAdhyAyinI ane patnI thavA sarjAyelI chatAM upekSA pAmatI sumitrA ane alakA pAchaLa bhamatA dhanavAna jagatApanI patnI nirmaLAnAM pAtronAM manomaMthane nirapIne strIhadayanuM achuM darzana karAve che. bihArIne pati tarIke pAmavAnI dhAraNAthI patnIvata bihArInA gharanuM kAmakAja uThAvatI paNa upekSitA jevI dazA bhagavatI strIsulabha IrSyA ke svArthadaSTivALI chatAM alakAne jANyA pachI sahAnubhUtithI Adra banatI sumitrA ApaNe samabhAva jItI le che. tenA karatAM vadhAre karuNa ane unnata bhAvanAvALuM pAtra nirmaLAnuM che. jagatApa jevA vAsanAparavaza, vyasanI patine devatulya mAnI AtmApahAra karatI junA gRhiNInA AdarzanI mUti samI te citarAI che. A baMne karatAM anekhI vRtti ane zaktivALI nartakI alakA AraMbhamAM jema sukhavilAsa mANavAmAM bAkI na rAkhI tema jIvanaparivartana thatAM ezaArAmane tarachoDI majUronI vacce khAlImAM rahetI ane AgamAM jhaMpalAvI bALakane bacAvI letI alakA AjanI yuvatInI manabhAvanAnA pratIka jevI che. aDhAramA prakaraNamAM kathAnakamAM na tAra umerAya che. tyAMthI vArtArasa kathaLe che, ane aMta zithila bane che. pAtranirUpaNa paNa pUrvAdha jeTaluM spaSTa nathI rahetuM. lekhake vArtA navalakathA kahI che chatAM te navalakathA karatAM TUMkI vArtAne vadhAre maLatI lAge che. lekhakamAM bhAvanirUpaNanI zakti che temAM DANa Ave, paristhitinI zakyatAone pUro lAbha le, aprastuta vigata (u. AyanA mImAMsA) varNavavAne moha jato kare ane

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112 akSa sAdyanta ekAgratA jALavI zake to "traNa haiyAMnA lekhaka sArI navalakathA ApI zake. latA-ATha prakaraNamAM lakhAyelI A saLaMga vArtAnI viziSTatA enA sarjanamAM rahelA prayogamAM che. marAThI vagere bIjI bhASAomAM judA judA lekhakone hAthe vArtAnA maNakA gUMthAtA jAya tevA prayogo. thayA che. evo ja prayoga A vArtAmAM thayo che. gulAbadAsa brokare mAnavasvabhAvane AlekhatI TUMkI vArtA lakhI, temAM jAtigata AkarSaNa : uttarottara prabaLa thaIne saMbhogamAM pariNamI parAkASThAe pahoMcI jAya che. Ama parAkASThAe pahoMcelI TUMkI vArtAne suMdarame mAnava samAjano aMza umerIne AgaLa calAvI ne bIjA lekhakee te upADI lIdhI. suMdarame kusumanuM pAtra saryuM ane brokare nirdoSa rAkhelA surezanA pAtramAM vAsanA AropIne jAtIya samAnatAno vicitra AviSkAra karyo ne saLaMga vArtAnA pAyA naMkhAyA. pahelA prakaraNamAM niraMjana latAne choDIne cAlyo jAya che. bIjAmAM tanathI nahi te manathI sureza bIjA prakaraNathI ja vArtAnirvAhaNanA vamaLAmAM aTavAyA che. jemAM moTo taraMga kinArAnA paththara upara aphaLAI phATI jAya ane tenAM veravikhera thayelAM vaheNa osaratAM jaI chevaTe jaLanA peTALamAM samAya tema bIjA prakaraNathI sureza-latA-niraMjananA manemaMthano anubhavo ane banI gayelI ghaTanAnAM pariNAma ane javAbadArInA viSayamAM cAlatI gaDamathalo chevaTe latAne surezane Azare sope che. vArtAmAM suMdarama vagere lekhakoe jUnI rUDhi ane navA vicAra, samAjasevAne bahAne svArtha ane kAma sevatuM daMbhI mAnasa, pariNIta-apariNIta jIvananI viTaMbaNAo ne AkAMkSAo dAkhala karIne navAM pAtro saryA ane phAvyuM tema taratA mUkyAM, e saune ThAma pahoMcADavAno bhAra ramaNalAla desAIne mAthe AvI paDyo. be puruSa vacce gothAM khAtI strInA jIvananI ane bhAvinI samasyA zI rIte ukelavI e A vArtAno prazna che. jAtigata

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 113 AkarSaNane vaza thaI parapuruSa sAthe vyavahAra karI cUkelI patnIne patie AMkhamIMcAmaNAM karI nabhAvI levI ? ke e parapuruSane ja Azraya evI strIe zodha? ramaNalAla pahelAMnA ja lekhake sUcavyuM che ke sureze " Normal" thaI javuM. sureza to te pahelAM ja pitAne kAraNe " Normal' thaI gayo che ! ane latA ane niraMjana baMnene gharamAM rAkhavA taiyAra che. paNa e baMne ekamekathI dUra rahevAne ja utsuka che. A sAmAjika keyaDAne uttara ramaNalAla desAIe baMne bAju namatuM jokhIne Apyo che. jAtigata AkarSaNa svAbhAvika che mATe lagna jevAM baMdhane zA mATe ? paNa strInA jIvanane TakAvavA mATe lagnanA baMdhanamAM rahI vAsanAone dAbavI e Avazyaka che. ramaNalpalanuM chelluM prakaraNa vastunA chUTAchavAyA taMtuone gUMthI levAnA hovAthI temanI potAnI A samasyAne nizcayAtmaka uttara ApavAnI AnAkAnIne lIdhe dhAradAra camakavALuM banI zakyuM nathI. vArtAnuM TAMcaNa umAzaMkara jozIe "latA-maMDapamAM abhinava prastAvanA-prakAra (ke upasaMhAra-prakAra ?) yejIne karyuM che. dareka lekhake potAnA prakaraNamAM je dRSTi rAkhI che tene pAmI jaIne ekabIjAnA saMvAda dvArA temanA upara kaTAkSa, upahAsa ke parihAsa chAMTayA che. latAnI bALakInuM moM sureza jevuM kema che tenA ramaNalAla ApelA nirAkaraNa karatAM vadhAre camatkRtivALuM ane "latAmaMDaLI'mAM - bahumatIe kadAca svIkAra pAme tevuM nirAkaraNa umAzaMkare sUcavyuM che. "maMDapa mAM latAne sahacAra zodhatA sAhityakAra pAsethI vAcaka tarIke adhikArane dAvo karatA umAzaMkara latAne choDAvI laI bahAra nIkaLe che ane tene vAcakonI-vizeSe strIvAcakonI-nyAyabuddhi upara vizvAsa rAkhavAnuM kahe che. . "samIkSA kArane "latA-maMDapa'ne laMbAvavAnI chUTa hoI zake ? haiya to a. 8

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114. akSa (maMDapanI bahAra nIkaLI TekarI uparathI thoDe nIce UtarI) umAzaMkara - tamane thAka lAge ke? paNe lonamAM besIzuM be ghaDI ? latA - ha, tame ya lekhaka cho ? huM to have nIce ja jaIza. ' (baMne UtarI Ave che. latAne rastA upara ja bahenapaNIo maLe che.) saralA - (latAnA hAla joIne) A marIna DrAIva capATI choDIne TekarATekarIomAM Ama ekalI bhaTake che te koI ToLakIne hAthe herAna thavAnI! e ja lAganI ! vArtAmAM kalpanAne vilAsa mAnavasvabhAva ane mane vRttionuM sUkSma vileSaNa, AchI kaTAkSa ke parihAsanI laharIo vagere AkarSakatA ANe che. nAyikA latAmAM kazI asAdhAraNatA nathI. vyaktitva paNa kasuma jeTaluM ye nathI. sureza nirdoSa, vizvAsu ane sAmAnya rIte rasika vRttivALA che paNa latA-niraMjananA prasaMge tene duniyAnuM DahApaNa zIkhavyuM ane tene "daDha mAsano karI mUkyo. niraMjana pahelethI chelle sudhI latAnA AkarSaNamAM mugdha rahe che, paNa mitradrohano kI tenA hRdayane kare che. pote karelA karmanI javAbadArI upADavAnI AnAkAnI karate te bhIru mAnasa dAkhave che. prayoga tarIke "latAnuM mahattva sAruM gaNAya. sunaMdA-kavitA ane nATakolekhanamAM pravRtti karI cUkelA zrI. ramaNa vakIlane vArtAlekhanamAM A prathama prayAsa che. zrI jyotIndra davee 78 pAnAMnI A vArtAne 15 pAnAMnuM purovacana lakhIne aSTavarSA kanyakAne sADI paherAvatAM Ave tevI prauDhatA apI che. vArtAnI viziSTatA vArtArasamAM nathI paNa sUkSma manaivizleSaNanA nirUpaNamAM che. zrI jyotIndra A vizleSaNanI khUbIo ane khAmIo purovacanamAM darzAvI che eTale ahIM tenI punarukti nahi karIe. mAtra betraNa muddAo noMdhIzuM. sunaMdAnI manovRttimAM ane jIvanadaSTimAM je parivartana Ave che te sAmAnya rIte paristhitinA parivartanathI

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya saMbhavita bane, temAM jyAre himAlayanAM prakRtidonI manoharatA ane prerakatA bhaLe tyAre e anivArya paNa bane. zrI vakIlane ATalAthI saMtoSa thayo nathI. tethI teNe asvAbhAvika kalpanAne Azraya laI bhagavAna bhAskarane zRMgAranA AlaMbana tarIke svIkArIne uddIpana vibhA. ane anubhAvonuM suMdara paNa apratItikara Alekhana karyuM che. vArtAmAM jAtIya samAnatAno Adarza rajU karatA lekhaka sunaMdAnA varcasane sthApavA ane vadhAravA mATe sudhIrane-puruSaneAraMbhamAM dAbI de che, jo ke vArtAne aMte sudhIra ane sunaMdA sAcI daSTi sAMpaDatAM kevaLa pati-patnIbhAvamAMthI UgarI snehanA atane anubhavatAM darzAvAyAM che. sunaMdA ane sudhIranA uramAM sUkSma delano ane AghAta-pratyAghAtanA varNanamAM lekhakanI kalpanA ane bhASAnuM sAmarthya vyakta thayuM che. prakRtivane-saumya ane rudra-cArutAvALAM hovA uparAMta pAtronI manovRttine uttejavAmAM ke poSavAmAM sahAyabhUta thatAM hovAthI vastunA potamAM vaNAI jAya che. keTaleka sthaLe prakRtivarNana kAvyanI kaTie pahoMce che, e zrI vakIlanI zaktine sAhityanuM kayuM kSetra savizeSa anukULa che tenuM sUcana kare che. zAradA-maMdiramAM prathama praveza karatA "rAjahaMsa traNa navalakathA (madhupa, nityapriyA, meMdIno raMga)nI vAnIthI bharele nivedyathALa lAve che. e zAradAbhakti mATe temano utsAha darzAve che. zAradAnane ninAdita karatA "kalApI"nA premabhAvanAmArga kekAravathI prerAIne . udyAnavApImAM "rAjahaMsa jI UThe e udyAnanuM saubhAgya gaNAya. Aje strI-puruSanA paraspara saMbaMdhamAM svIkArAtI samAnatA ane svataMtratAnuM ane premanA nirmaLabhAvane nAme sevAtI-navI nIti new morality pratiSThita saMjJAothI ullekhAtI vilAsitAnuM nirUpaNa "madhupa" ane "nityapriyAmAM thayuM che. eka daSTie "madhupane nityapriyA'nA purvaraMga jevI paNa kahI zakAya. 170 pAnAMnI A navalakathAmAM zakti karatAM utsAha vadhAre dekhAya che. Ijipta

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akSara 116 vagere dezamAM laDAImAM bhAga laIne rajA upara Avela ane vAmA ane vAruNInA yathecacha sevanano pitAne paravAno maLI gaye che ema (lagabhaga dareka sainika seve che tevI) mAnyatA sevato yuvAna lepha. kIrtikumAra ane " jabara manobaLavALI dehasamarpaNa sivAya bIjI ceSTAothI na bhaDakatI " Miss 1942" mRNAlinInA relve kaMpArTamenTamAM prathama milanathI AraMbhAI paraspara AkarSaNa ane (davAnAM TIpAMnI sahAya levAyA pachI!) lagnamAM pariName che. kevaLa dehatRptimAM parisamApta thatA sthULa premanuM Alekhana chIcharuM, achaDatuM chatAM saMgharSaNanA tatvathI keTaleka aMze coTadAra banyuM che. revenA DabAmAM nAyaka-nAyikAnA milananA citrapaTamAM zobhe tevI chaTAthI AlekhAyelA prasaMgane bAda karIe to vastu zabdArDabare gAjatA chIcharA kapanAraMga jevuM banI jAya che. kaMTALo Ape tevI ane teTalI prAkRta vigatonI punaruktie, kazA ya prayojana vinA apAyelAM sohanacaMda jevAM pAtro ke prasaMge, sthULa grAmya hAsyathI paNa na aTakatAM suracibhaMga karatAM sUcana ke uktio "madhupamAM dUSaNarUpa che. nIrakSIraviveka to rAjahaMsanuM kuLavaMta che! chellAM be prakaraNomAM bAliza saraLatAthI prasaMgo ujavavAmAM svadezasevAnI bhAvanAne upayoga karyo che. nityapriyA " sarakhAmaNIe A dUSaNethI mukta che. lagna, pativratapaNuM, nIti vagerenI paraMparAgata mAnyatAone baMdhanarUpa ke vidanarUpa mAnatI, ane "navI nItine svIkArI nitya navIna jAtIya anubhavomAM rAcatI, lakSmI ane sauMdaryanI kRpApAtra strInI ceSTAo puraSa hRdayane mudha kare che, paNa potAne choDIne e strI parapuruSane saMbaMdha mAMge che tyAre e "nityapriyA'nA vAsanAmaya premanuM sAcuM svarUpa samajAya che : A vArtAno mukhya muddo che. mayanAnA prema vize vArtAnAyaka mi. beganAM paDaLa UtaryA pachI cheka aMtamAM UrmilAnuM pAtra sajIne e baMnene lagna-hRdayalagna ane vyAvahArika

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 117 lagnathI joDavAnI kalpanAmAM niHsvArtha sneha ane strIhadayanI sAtvikatAnuM darzana avazya thAya che, paNa e "madhupa'nA upasaMhAranI kRtrimatAnuM smaraNa karAvyA vinA rahetI nathI. A baMne navalakathAonAM pAtro jhAMkhAM rahe che. vastusaMkalanA judA judA prasaMgonA sughaDa ane surekha guphanarUpa thavAne badale DAyarInI noMdha jevA vikSita banI jAya che. baMnemAM svIkArAyelI DolanazailIne prayoga niSphaLa nIvaDayo che. nhAnAlAla kavinI peThe "rasa', " kahe , "vasaMta', kokilA jevAM pratIkono ADabarI prayoga "nityapriyAmAM guNarUpa nathI. - meMdIne raMga-"rAjahaMsanI zaktinI jhAMkhI karAve che. gAmaDAmAM sukhI jIvana gALatAM mohana ane meMdIne saMjogavazAta amadAvAda AvI majUrI karavI paDe che. tema karatAM zaherI jIvananI niSpharatA ane laMpaTTatAnA bhoga thaI paDI aMte gAmaDAmAM AvI vase che ane pUrvavata AnaMdamaya jIvanamAM rAce che : A vastu upara vArtAnuM kalevara ghaDAyuM che. AraMbhamAM grAmajIvananuM rItarivAjonI jhINajhINI vigatothI pracura ane saudaryadazI Alekhana thayuM che. ahIM DolanazailImAM kAThiyAvADanA grAmya zabdone bahoLo prayoga anyathA kevaLa TAMcaNiyA banI jatA varNanamAM kathanazailInuM vaividhya ANe che. vArtAnA madhyabhAgamAM lekhakane hAtha sthira thAya che. prasaMgonI gUMthaNI, varNanamAM vyakta thatI prauDhatA, meMdInA pAtranI UpaDatI jatI rekhAo, dehano vepAra karIne ane karAvIne jIvana mahAlatI divALI ane dhoLI TopI paherIne kALAM karma karatA kAku zeTha jevAM gauNa pAtrAnA sarjanamAM acUka vyakta thatI zakti ane zaheranA vAtAvaraNane sUcavI devAnI kaLA "rAjahaMsa'nI siddhi gaNAya. A navalakathAmAM paNa nirvAhaNamAM asvAbhAvikatA ane achaDatApaNunA aMze pravezyA che. chellAM prakaraNomAM grAmajIvanamAM AvatAM parivartananA varNanamAM kalA karatAM pracAranI dakiTa prAdhAnya pAmI che. saMjogo ane samAjanA payaMtrane bhoga banatAM saraLa

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118 akSara hadayanAM meMdI ane mehananA jIvanataraMgamAM, kALAM vAdaLAMmAM jhabUkatI vIjaLInI peThe, e daMpatInA vizuddha snehanI sera laherAyA kare che. zrI "rAjahaMsa pAse kaM5nA che, bhASAnuM vaividhya che, haLavuM hAsya ke mArmika kaTAkSa paNa te karI zake che. eTale zailInI daSTie paropajIvI na banatAM svAnubhavane pramANane svataMtra sarjana kare te te avazya vadhAre mUlyavAna nIvaDe. jyotirakSA-ramaNikalAla jyacaMdabhAI dalAlanI nirAzAjanaka navalakathA che. lekhake prAcIna ane arvAcIna mAnasanAM saMgharSaNa ane "jAtIya trikoNane vArtArUpe AlekhavA prayatna karyo che. paNa tenI kAcI hathoTI pahelI najare vartAI jAya che. lekhanamAM sarvate mukha jAgarUkatA nathI, jene pariNAme susaMgatatAno abhAva keTaleka sthaLe dekhAya che. vastusaMvidhAnamAM kalpanAnI alpatA ane upahasanIya asvAbhAvikatA (u. rAmA pAse eka brAhmaNanA chokarAne maMgAvI pitAne ghera ucheravAnI zizvaranI IcchA ) che. pAtrAlekhana askuTa ane UMDANa vinAnuM rahyuM che. rakSA ke dhIrunA vicAro ke UrmionuM pRthakkaraNa sUkSmatAne abhAve akiMcikara nIvaDayuM che. sonala- avicArI ane utAvaLAM lagna karI besanAra kumarikAone arpaNa karAyelI A navalakathA zrI prANalAla TI. munazIne pahelo prayoga che. paNa lekhaka " aroDavAvAjhamA hovAnI pratIti te karAvI zake che. A vArtAne mukhya guNa temAM vyakta thatI lekhakanI AtmapratIti (self-conviction) ane niSThA che, AdithI aMta sudhI lekhaka svasthatAthI pitAnuM nizcita maMtavya prasaMgaparaMparAnA zRMkhalita AyojanathI spaSTa karatA jAya che. premanI prathama Urmine vaza thaI jaI pitA ane kuTuMbIone choDIne cAlI nIkaLelI ane lagna karI nAkhatI saMskArI ane sAlasa sonala strIhadayanAM karuNatA tema ja sAmarthyanI pratimA banI rahe che. sonalanI

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 119 (dehanI ane svabhAvanI ) sukumAratA, madhuratA ane bhAvasaMzuddhi upara thatAM AkramaNo vArtAmAM gaMbhIra kAruNyanuM vAtAvaraNa jamAvI de che. prabhAkara sonalanA premane mATe nahi, paNa tenI sAthenA lagnamAM rahelA AnuSaMgika lAbha upara mITa mAMDIne tene paraNe che. chatAM potAnI vAstavika sthitinuM senalane jarAsarakhuM sUcana paNa karato nathI. Arthika taMgI ane svamAnanI kaMIka taMga banelI bhAvanA vacce athaDAte prabhAkara asatya, vANI ane anItinA gartamAM sarI paDe che tenuM eka eka karma sonalanI UMDI premabhAvanAnA mULamAM ghA karatuM rahe che. kuTuMbanI hUMphanI pitAne adhikArI gaNatI nirAdhAra sonalane bhoLI, sAteSI ane bhAvika menA mA-bahena jevI thaI paDe che. vyAvahArika jIvananI saMkaDAmaNathI anabhijJa sonala ane e saMkaDAmaNone hasate mee sahI letI menA-A baMnene sAme pale che kesara. jIvananI vAstavikatAne samajI gayelI ane tethI vyavahAranA gajathI badhAne mApatI, jUnI DhabanI paNa catura, sudhArAnA Adarza pAchaLa ghelA banelA patinI jIvananaukAnI karNadhAra banelI, pati pratye hetALa hRdayavALI kesara ane tenA pati mULacaMda mAstaranAM pAtronuM Alekhana sUkSmatAbharyuM thayuM che. A daMpatI ane prabhAkaranA jIvana dvArA muMbaInA madhyamavarganA jIvananuM citra lekhaka sArI rIte rajU karI zakyA che. suMdarajI ane meralInA jIvana dvArA muMbaInA dhanika pratiSThita manAtA varganA jIvananI pAmaratA darzAvI che. saMskArI ane vatsala hRdayano nAgaradAsa, zistapAlanane AgrahI anaMtarAya, hRdayanA snehane khAtara dAmpatyajIvananA tyAganuM vrata pALato saMskArI ane gaMbhIra vRttine maheza vagere gauNa pAtro UMDI samajathI AlekhAyAM che. vArtAmAM AraMbhamAM kevaLa bAhya ane pachI sonalanA hRdayamAM ane prabhAkaramAM paNa AMtara saMgharSaNanuM tattva che. sonalanAM manemaMthananA nirUpaNamAM lekhakane sArI saphaLatA sAMpaDI che. kesara jevA

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120 akSara pAtranA vikAsamAM saMvAdane aucityapura:sara thayela prayoga sAre aMze sahAya Ape che. aMta sudhI vArtA vAcakanA kutUhala ane rasane TakAvI rAkhI zake tevI che. paNa vArtAnuM kathayitavya durAkRSTarUpe rajU thayuM che. premanA prathama umaLakAmAM mugdha banI jatI sonalane phasAvIne paraNI janAra anadhikArI prabhAkare ja maLe evuM jIvanamAM hamezAM nathI banatuM. utAvaLe karI lIdhelAM lagnanI karuNatA paristhitinI viSamatA karatAM ruci ane saMskAranI viSamatAmAMthI janme che e rahasya upara vArtAnuM caNatara vadhAre pratItikara thAta. chatAM vArtA tarIke A prayoga saphaLa ja kahI zakAya. bhasmarekhA-zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhanI A navalakathA ane "sonalamAM nirUpAyelo viSaya samAna che. bane lekhakonI daSTi paNa samAna che. vastunAM nirUpaNa ane upasaMhAra paNa samAna jevA che. paNa A vArtAnI pahelI viziSTatA e che ke e "satya ghaTanAne avalaMbIne lakhAI che--je ke vArtAhe rajU thatAM e ghaTanAnI vigatemAM kalpanA dvArA Avazyaka pheraphAro karAyA che. ane bIjI viziSTatA abhikrama-kaNa (angle of approach) che. murabbIono virodha karI chAnAMmAnAM snehalagna karatI vibhAga premanA prathama AvezamAM ghasaDAI jatI yuvatI nathI. caMdravadana paNa vibhAnA mamatvano lAbha laI paraNI javAnI utAvaLa karanAra yuvAna nathI. zikSita ane rasika svapnAM sevatI vibhA potAnA bhAvi patinAM jaDatA, asaMskAritA ane dhana-madane sAkSAtkAra kare che tyAre kuTuMbamAM ekalavAyI jevI thaI paDelI te pitAnA zikSaka caMdravadananI etha zodhe che. caMdravadana vinayI, saMskArI ane svArthavRttivALA che. vibhAnA premanimaMtraNane hRdayanA sakhya tarIke svIkAre che. lagna, saMbadha AvezanA UbharA upara pratiSThita na thaI zake e e samaje che. paNa gAmaDiyaNa ane ajJa harakara sAthe potAnA vevizALane

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cuMmALIsanu' graMthastha vAGamaya 121 bhArarUpa mAnatA caMdravadana Ama vibhAne samAnazIMja vyasana thatAM baMnenA paraspara premanA paripAka chAnA lagnanuM rUpa le che. gherathI nAsI gayelI vibhAnI zeAdha karAvI peAtAnI pratiSThA khAtara pitA tene ghera lAvIne eka vAra paraNI cUkelI peAtAnI e putrIne khIjA pratiSThita vara sAthe paraNAvI devA mATe SaDyaMtro race che. e badhAM . vItakeAmAM vibhAnI acala vizuddha snehanI jyAta caMdravadanane mAdaka thAya che-paNa aMte asatyane jaya thatAM hAma hArI gayelA caMdravadana tApathI pIDAI DumasamAM mRtyu pAme che. vibhA prayatamanI citAnI bhasma lalATe lagAvIne snehalagna'nI vidhavA bane che. 6 zrI cunIlAla zAha pratiSThita navalakathAkAra che. A vArtAmAM paNa emanI vArtAkalAnAM na thAya che. vArtAnI pAtrasRSTimAM ApaNA samAjanAM daMbha, durAcAra, pratiSThAnI peAkaLatA, dhanane mada. rUDhinI jaDatA, svAtha lAlupatA vagere pratibiMbita karatAM pAtrA che. AkarSIka rIte vArtAne upADa karIne jhINI jhINI vigateA dvArA gujarAtanA gRhajIvananuM eka sudara citra emaNe AraMbhamAM ApyuM che. virsAnA mugdha hRdayanI AzA, utsukatA, jhakhanA, zyAmalAlanA prathama prasa Mge bhAMgI paDatI svapnasRSTi, nirAzA vagerenuM maneArama Alekhana karI, tenA hRdayamAM caMdravadana pratye utpanna thatA bhAva dRDha khanI aMte premamAM pariNamatA batAvI, vipattinI para parAmAM paNu hAma na hAratI ane vaidhavyamAM paNa vizuddha premanI vedI upara C " jIvanasava svanuM arpaNa karatI vibhAnuM pAtra surekha ane spaSTa nirUpaNa pAmyuM che. vArtAnA aMtamAM, divu ane ca`dravadananA relvenA DabbAmAM thayelA yeAganI sAmAnya dRSTie kRtrimatAnA bhAsa upajAvatA AkasmikatAne khAda karIe te vastuvidhAnamAM kRtrimatA ke pAMkhApaNuM nathI. lekhakanI vanazailI rAcaka che. sudhaDatA, taTasthatA ane kalpanAnI saunyatA A vArtAnA tarI AvatA guNA che.

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12 akSarA ' C jigara ane amI--zrI cunIlAla vardhamAna zAhanI A navalakathAe gujarAtanI janatAmAM ghaNA rasa utpanna karyA che. tenuM mukhya kAraNu e che ke te ' satyaghaTanAtmaka navalakathA che. ema jANIne vAcakanu kutUhala uttejAya che. A * samIkSA'mAM A navalakathAnA khIjA ane trIjA danane samAveza thAya che--pahelu darzana '43 mAM bahAra. paDayuM hatu. eTale ahIM prastuta nathI. bIjA aenamAM jigara 'nA jammu ane kAzmIranA anubhavA ane tenI kAMcana ane kAminI'nA tyAganI pratijJA sAme kevAM pralAbhane Ave che tenu varNana che, cAmera strInA pralAlanamAM jhaDapAtA jigara * ' amI'nAM sa'smaraNane khaLe kheMce che, ane aMte dIkSA laI jaina sAdhu bane che. A darzona kaDI ( link ) jevuM che. pahelA darzananI ekAgratA ane aMtanI kaSNutA pachI jigara 'nA jIvananuM ane tenA mAnasanuM Alekhana apekSita gAMbhI vinAnuM lAge che. trIjA namAM jigara jaina sAdhu tarIke pajAba, mAravADa, ane gujarAta-kAThiyAvADamAM pravAsa kare che te samayanA anubhavA varNavAyA che. A darzanamAM vArtA keTaleka aMze kendracyuta thatI lAge che, ane jaina dharmAnuyAyIonI sAMprata zithilatA vagere tarapha lakSa khe'cavAnI icchA jANyeajANye prAdhAnya bhAgavatI jaNAya che. te uparAMta caMdrAvalane puSpakAntA tarIke punaravatAra sAMpradApika mAnyatA tarIke svIkArya lekhavA chatAM vArtAnA rasAnubhavamAM kSatikara nIvaDe che, trIjA darzanamAM AraMbhamAM ane a`tamAM prakItA AvI che. pahelA darzananI munazInuM smaraNa karAve tevI pAtrasa nanI kaLA, prasaMga-sakalanA, bhAvanirUpaNamAM sUkSmatA, vastunI ekAgratA vagere aMze A be danamAM dRSTigeAcara thatAM nathI. ghaDIbhara thaI jAya che ke vArtA pahelA dunamAM ja samApta thaI heAta te!! * beThA baLavA'-- pAThake vArtA karatAM vArtAtattva upara vadhu. * Ape evI lekhaka ( jayabhikhkhu )nI chAne anukULa thaIne lakSa'

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 123. jotAM A 1para pAnAnI vArtA strInI AjhAdI mATe "beTho baLavo" jagAvavA mATe lakhAyelI pracAra-patrikA che. ATaluM kahIe eTale A vArtAnA guNadoSane khyAla paNa AvI jAya che. samAjanA baMdhAraNamAM ajJAna ane aMdhazraddhAthI kacaDAyelI ane daMbha, lobha ane vAsanAthI chalochala bharelA puruSanA pAzamAM sapaDAyelI strInA. utthAnanI hAkala A vArtA nAkhe che. lekhaka samAja, dharma ane pratiSThita gaNAtA puruSe upara puNyaprakopano lAvA vahete mUke che. 'tINA vedhaka kaTAkSa ke upahAsa dvArA strIone thatA anyAyane ughADe. pADe che. cauda-paMdara varSanI nirmaLAnAM prabhAvavALAM bhASaNomAM zrI jayabhikhu ne avAja vartAya che. zrI "jayabhikhunI vArtAkalAnA darzana mATe vAcake tenI anya kRtio tarapha vaLavuM paDaze. rAjalakramI-kevaLa ucca Adarzo mATe utkaTa abhiniveza vArtAlekhana mATe paryApta nathI e satyanuM nidarzana prahalAdajI brahma bhaTTanI A navalakathA che. vArtAmAM lAgaNIveDAnA Ubhara che. pAtra-- sarjana kRtrimatAbhaya ane taddana chIcharuM che-"pAtrone je rIte nyAya apAyo che tethI mane saMtoSa thayo che" ema lekhakanI pratIti hevA chatAM bhAbhI ane diyaranA paraspara snehanuM darzana poluM ane apratItikara che, e saMbaMdhanI gADhatA darzAvavA mATe Avazyaka kalpanAsAmarthya ke nirUpaNazakti lekhaka dAkhavI zakyA nathI. dinezanA pAtranI graMthi to lekhaka paNa kaLI zakayA lAgatA nathI ! umaralAyaka, thayelo, raMbhA sAthe premaceSTAmAM paDele, chatAM nirughogI rahetA dineza (manamohana sAthenA prasaMgane bAda karatAM) kSaNabhara paNa vAcakone samabhAva meLavI zakato nathI. te rAjalakSmIne paraNe che te mATe teNe lekhakano ja AbhAra mAnavAno che ! surekhAmAM strIhadayanAM komaLatA. ane mAdhurya che, paNa te jeTalI udAra che teTalI vyavahAradakSa nathI. rAjalakSmInuM mAtra te kathAnA be tRtIyAMza bhAga pachI praveze che,

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124 akSaro temAM AkhI vArtAne potAnA varcasvathI ajavALI de tevuM ekeya lakSaNa nirUpAyuM nathI. - janamaTIpa-Izvara peTalIkaranI A navalakathA A varSanI uttama navalakathAomAMnI eka che. grAmajIvana eALakhavAnA ane grAmajananA sadasadAvezane vArtArUpe nirUpavAnA ghaNAkharA prayAsa kalpanAne ghoLI ghaLI karAya che, tethI sUkSma dRSTine tenI kRtrimatA najare paDyA vinA rahetI nathI. A vArtAmAM khetaranI khuba maheke che, gAmaDAnI mAnavatAnA dhabakAra saMbhaLAya che. nirakSara ke aziSTa gaNAtA vargomAM paNa svamAna, dAkSiNya, kartavyaniSThA vagere guNo ziSNavarga karatAM 'ochA te nathI ja, UlaTuM bhAvasaMzuddhi (sincerity ) yukata hovAthI ziSyonA upacAra karatAM vadhAre gauravavALA che. prasaMge ane pAtrone ayanasiddha upakArya-upakArakabhAva, zabdacitro ane varNanenI mohaka svAbhAvikatA, sukumAra kalpanAnI dUphathI khIlatuM jatuM vastu, spaSTa rekhAothI aMkita ane vyaktitvavALAM pAtronuM saMrjana ItyAdi guNamaMDita A vArtAne sauthI moTo guNa che bhASA ane zailInuM caturarsa, aucitya. gAmaThI zabdo, uktio ane lahekAothI. saMvAdamAM asAdhAraNa tAjagI ane mArmikatA AvyAM che. lekhakanI kathanazailI paNa saMvAdonAM bhASA ane maroDa sAthe ekarasa thaI vAtAvaraNanI jamAvaTamAM sAhAsya kare che. peTalIkaranI zailI vArtAnAM vastu . jevI nirAbara che. saMgharSaNa ane sUcano prayoga lekhaka sUkSma aucityathI kare che. eka 'abhAgiyA dADA mAM gAkaLiyA jevA kuTuMbamAM keTalo kalaha ane azAMti AvI paDe che! pahelA prakaraNamAM TUMkI vArtA jevuM tasatasatuM vastunirUpaNa che, khetaramAM caMdA-bhImAnI premamastInA prANavAna paNa kalAmaya varNanathI ApaNane sahaja thaI Ave che ke bahu hasavuM te raDavA mATe-ane tarata ja aneka kAraNe bane che paNa temaja vArtA ke nATakanA lekhakanI zaktinuM mApa nirvahaNamAM nIkaLe che. vArtAne samucita upasaMhAra karavAnI bAbatamAM samartha lekhakane paNa mUMjhAvuM paDe che. peTalIkaranI A vArtAmAM

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cuMmALIsanuM graMthastha vAlmaya 125 nirvahaNanAM bIja to peDhIo pahelAM naMkhAI gayAM che. eTale anukULatA sAMpaDatAM jamInamAMthI bIjanI peThe e phUTI nIkaLe che. khoLiyuM trAnuM paNa AtmA puruSane pAmelI, svamAna, samaja ane kartavyanA apUrva bhAnavALI caMdA jIvana jIvI jANe che. lekhake paNa "janamaTIpa'nAM varSa pUrAM thaye bhImA-caMdAnuM milana darzAvyA pahelAM vArtA sameTI levAmAM caMdAnA pAtrane puro nyAya karyo che. krAntinAda (pUrvArdha)-ApaNe prajAnA punarutthAna ane svAtaMtryanI adamya bhAvanAnI siddhine jIvanaya gaNuM te kAryamAM pitAnuM jIvana sarvasva homavA tatpara thayelA sAthIonI kathA kahetI A navalakathA upara '42nI laDatanI asara thayelI jaNAya che. svAtaMtryanA yuddhamAM hiMsAnuM sthAna zuM ? aMgreja sattAne vinAza karavAmAM aMgreja strI-puruSa sAthe vairabhAvanI vRtti rAkhavI ke samabhAvanI ? svAtaMtrya maLyA pachI aMgrejo sAthe vepAraudyoga vagere viSayamAM kevo saMbaMdha rAkhe ? A prazno 'rathI vadhAre spaSTa rIte carcAviSaya banyA che. ane tene sparza vArtAmAM karAya che. vArtAnuM kAThuM gAMdhIjInA ahiMsAvAda upara ghaDAyuM che. ane vIsamI sadInA pahelA dasakAmAM svAtaMtryanI laDatamAM A vAdano ullekha kAlavyutkrama jevo bhAse che. vArtA krAMtinAM AMdelane jagAvavAnA prayAsonA nirUpaNathI lakhAI che. eTale kathanarIti karatAM kathayitavya pradhAna banyuM che. pAtro (kAlindI sivAya) ane prasaMge Ama gauNa banI jAya che. A navalakathAnA ghaDataramAM dazakumAracaritanI vikSiptatA (discurtiveness) che, paNa prakIrNa jevA lAgatA prasaMgenI pAchaLa rahelI kAntinI prabaLa bhAvanAthI ekatAnI jhAMkhI thAya che. sUkSmadazI, vyavahArapaTa, nIDara ane bhAvanAzIla kAlindI koI gUDha zaktinI peThe potAnA sAthIone lokajAgRtinA kAryamAM prerI rahI che. kalana jevI yuvatIo paNa "svArtha pahelAM sevAnI bhAvanA jhIle che. varNanalAghava ane savAdanI mArmikatA che, paNa nirUpaNamAM UMDANa nathI. raNajitanuM

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126 akSarA prakaraNa teA rIporTa jevuM banI gayu che. rAmAyaNanI kathAnuM je adaztana karyu che tevI virUpa ane aucitya vinAnI kalpanAne mAha ApaNA lekhake jatA kare te kevuM sAruM ? nATaka nATaka vibhAgamAM A varase maLelAM prakAzaneAnI sakhyAne ullekha karatAM paNa sakAca thAya che. AkhA varasamAM gujarAtI sAhityamAM traNa ja nATaka! ane temAMye te eka mAtraH nATaka ! ane te paNa mULa saMskRta uparathI anuvAdita-sayeAjita !! gujarAtamAM nATacalekhananI AvI azakti che? sarjaka pAse nATacakaLAne sAdhI zake tevI guNasamRddhi nathI ? kalpanA nathI ? pAMtravikAsa sAdhavAnI kaLAnI aNuAvaData che? mArmi ka chaTAdAra savAdanI kaLA nathI ? gujarAtamAM nATayalekhananAM khIja Aja dasa dAyakA thavA AvyA chatAM joIe teTalAM pAMgaratAM nathI, mhAratAM nathI ? nATayaprakAramAM A zaramAve tevuM dAridraya gujarAtanA sAhitya-sarjakane AAnarUpa che. e dAridraya pheDavu' e temanuM dhyeya thavu joIe. paNa ATaluM niHsa*zaya kahI zakAya ! kevaLa UrminA tara`geAne laharAvavAmAM rAcatI ke kevaLa sUkSma maneAvizleSaNanI pIjaNamAM svakata byanI parisamApti mAnatI ke jIvananA vividha ane UMDA darzanane badale zuSka kalpanAvilAse khelatI pratibhA nATaka sarajavAne asamartha che. nATaka judI judI kaLAonAM gUthaNathI racAtA sAhityaprakAra che. nATacasarjana kAIpaNa vyakti ke prajAnI pratibhAnA mAnadaMDa tarIke lekhI zakAya.

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vAmayavimarza' lekhakaH rAmaprasAda bakSI, prakAzaka: ena. ema tripAThI prA. li. muMbaI-2; 1963, pRSThasaMkhyA 430, kiMmata rUA. 7/pa0. Nobody should write before he is forty. cALIsa varSanI umara thayA pachI ja mANase kalama hAthamAM levI joIe, e jANItA vidhAnanuM A saMgrahanI bAbatamAM te akSarazaH pAlana thayuM che. jo ke zrI rAmabhAIne mATe evI vilaMbanI AvazyakatA nahotI. vidyArthI avasthAmAM ja utkaTa jijJAsA-vRtti, abhyAsaparAyaNatA, carcAvicAraNuM karavAnI Teva vagere temanA guNo vyakta thayA hatA. sva. narasiMharAvanI sAthenA keTakeTalAye prasaMge zrI rAmabhAInI sajAga abhyAsazIlatA ane mImAMsAvRttinI sAkha pUre che Aje to gujarAtI sAhityakSetre zrI rAmabhAInI evI pratiSThA che ke koI paNa vicAra ke vidhAnanA aMzenuM pRthakkaraNa karavuM, AtyaMtika siddhAMto ane jIvana-mUlyanI daSTie tenuM nirUpaNa karavuM, aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka dRSTie sArAsAratA pArakhavI-A prakAranI nirUpaNapaddhatinI temanAM lakhANomAM svAbhAvika apekSA rahe. "vAlmayavimarza'mAM A lakSaNo sArI rIte daSTigocara thAya che. A saMgrahamAM kAvyanuM svarUpa ane prayojana, rasasiddhAMta, pratibhA, hAsyarasa, nATakamAM rasaniSpatti, naTamAnasa, nATyaprayogamAM layasaMvAdanuM tattva, nATakanuM zrAvyatva, sAdhAraNIkaraNa ane abhinayaAvA muddAnA praznonuM nirUpaNa karAyuM che. A viSayenA nAmanirdeza uparathI pauramya kAvyasiddhAMtonI mImAMsA A lekhasaMgrahamAM pradhAnapaNe thaI che ema samajAya evo saMbhava che. A sAcuM che, paNa paurasya siddhAMtanuM vimarzana svarUpa-vimarzana dvArA tema ja pAzcAtya kAvya

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128 akSA siddhAMtAnI sAthe tulanAtmaka vina dvArA karAyu che. lekhAmAM pAMDityanA sa'bhAra bharyA che. bhASA pAribhASika zabdaprayAgAthI nirbhara hAvAne lIdhe tema ja vAkayaracanA ativyApti, avyApti jevA deASA TALavAnI AvazyakatAne lIdhe dRDha ane sphuTa hAvAne lIdhe A saoNMgrahamAM ghaNI sAmagrI vidvAneAne utsava jevI paNa jijJAsuone parAjita kare tevI banI gaI che. kAvyAla'kAranI viziSTatA ' ke * gItazravaNa ane kAvyAna'da' jevA lekhamAM ArabhamAM varga zikSakanI pRthakakaraNazailI najare Ave che. kAIka sthaLe zrI rAmabhAI nuM saujanya ke vyavahAradAkSiNya temane spaSTa darzana hovA chatAM spaSTavakatA banatAM rakatuM hAya ema paNa lAge che. vicArasa"patti have, A saMgrahanI vicArasa'patti ane guNavattAnuM Aryana rAjAvAnyAye darzana karavA tarapha vaLIe. Ara.bhamAM ja eka prazna UThe che. zrI rAmabhAI jevA aucityanA AgrahI vivecake peAtAnA sAhityavivecanAtmaka lekhAnA sagrahane ativyAptidUSita nAma * vAmayavimaza` ' kema ApyuM haze ? marADImAM je mamAM vADmaya ' zabda vaparAya te arthamAM gujarAtImAM ApaNe ' kAvya " huM ' sAhitya ' zabda prayeAjIe chIe. vAGamaya 'zabdane prayeAga paNa bhAgye ja ApaNe karIe chIe. ' (1) * kAvyanuM svarUpa ' nAmanA lekhanA AraMbhamAM (pR. 1-4) prAcIna kAvya-lakSaNAnuM samanvitarUpe nirUpaNa karIne dhvaninu prAdhAnya darzAvyu` che. pR. 4thI zarU thatA khIjA kha`DamAM udAharaNA dvArA kAvyanA svarUpanu. nirdezana atyaMta sUkSma vivekazakti ane sahRdayatAthI thayuM che. chatAM e udAharaNA dvArA kramikarUpe kAvyatattvanuM da na karAvavAmAM asamena, samena ane nigaraNanI prakriyAne Azraya levAyA che.

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"vAlmayavimaza" 129 te e udAharaNo purato svIkArya hoya to paNa atizayokti alaMkAra (nijharaNa) ja dhvanikAvyanA mULamAM che e bhrama utpanna kare evo saMbhava che. sUrya Athamyo" e sAdA vAkyamAMthI kevI vividha artha vyagratAo UThe che e te alaMkArazAstrIoe batAvyuM ja che. sUrya Athamyo' e vAkyamAM kazAnuM asAjana, saMyojana ke nigaraNa nathI e spaSTa che. dhvanikAvyamAM vAcyArthanuM gauNatva hoya e Avazyaka che. dhvanikAvya'mAM te vAcyArtha gauNa ane aprastuta banI jAya che." (pR. 12) A vidhAnamAM aprastutane aMza ciMtya che. nAnAlAlanuM "phUlaDAM kaTArI " kAvya dhvanikAvya gaNAya ke "jagamAlaNI " mAM zretarUpaka (pR. 10) hovAthI ane anya aMzomAM artharUpakatatva hovAthI ekadeza vivatiraMpaka gaNAya e paNa vicAravA jevuM che. 1. Adhunika kAvya (2) "Adhunika kAvya ane rasasiddhAMta" nAmanA lekhamAM rasasiddhAMtanuM vizada vivaraNa karyuM che, ane Adhunika kAvya paratve e siddhAMtanI pravRttinuM vivecana karyuM che. jemAM bhAvarUpa vyaMgyArthanuM prAdhAnya na hoya evA bhAvanA saMsparzavALuM hovA chatAM vicArapradhAna - ke anya tatvapradhAna Adhunika kAvyane prAcIne te uttama kAvya tarIke na svIkAre e spaSTa che. zrI rAmabhAIe samagra lekhanuM samApana karatI kaMDikAmAM prAcInanA A matano ullekha karyo che paNa potAnuM maMtavya prAcInAnugAmI che ke tethI bhinna che e spaSTapaNe kahyuM nathI. kAvyanuM prayojana (3) "kAvyanuM prayojana mAM mammaTanI prasiddha kArikAmAM karAyelAM vidhAnanuM vimarzana che. tema jAttA saMmita tovAyunuM vivaraNa prahata mA karyA pachI zrI rAmabhAI kahe che: "AvuM rasatarpaNa - a. 9

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130 akSa dvArA thatuM upadezasUcana e kAntAnI ukti che tema eka prakAre e enI azaktinuM paNa ghAtaka che. gurujana pramANe Adeza ApavAnuM sAmarthya sAmAnya rIte kAntA ke patnI batAvI zakatI nathI..." (pR. 65) A muddAnI carcA karyA pachI tarata ja zrI rAmabhAI umere cheH "kAvyanI vANImAM, zAstrAdikanI vANIne mukAbale AvuM asAmarthya rahyuM che ema nahi kahI zakAya. kAntA pitAno Adeza ApavAnI azaktine rasAnaMda anubhavavAnI zakti dvArA prabaLatara zaktimAM palaTI nAkhe che evuM kAvya karavuM paDatuM nathI. eTale azaktino ullekha asaMbhAvya ane anabhipreta ja che ema mAnavuM joIe. vastutaH Adeza, sacana, sarasatApAdananA nirUpaNamAM kAntApakSe azaktinI kalpanA karavAnI kazI jarUra nathI. hakIkatamAM te je kaIne amArga ke unmArge jatAM rokavo hoya te kAM te gurujananI peThe AjJA ke hukama karI zakAya. paNa e AjJA tene keTale aMze sparzI zake ? kadAca e na pALavA paNa che ane pALe to paNa bhayathI ke zaramathI ke vinayavRttithI pALe che. AjJA ke hukama karatAM vadhAre sAmarthyavALuM te mitranuM sUcana ke mitre karelI samajAvaTa nIvaDe. maitrIne-bhAvane* Azraya laIne mitra tenA hRdayane sparzI zake ane buddhi dvArA paristhitinuM sArAnarasApaNuM batAvIne mitrane mArga che te samajAvI zake. pelAne vicAra-tarka vagere samajAtAM hoya, chatAM mitra hadayanA maitrIbhAvane svIkAravA chatAM te te upadezane-sUcanane svIkAra na paNa kare. AjJA karatAM sahRdayavacana vacana bhAvasaMskRSTa hovAne kAraNe vadhAre sAmarthyavALuM che. paNa sauthI vadhAre sAmarthya te che kAntA-preyasI-e rasAnaMdamAM priyane mana karIne ApI dIdhela upadeza. preyasIe karelA hadayAvarjanamAM paravaza thayeluM hadaya game te vAta svIkAravA taiyAra thAya. strI paNa AjJA ApI zake ke mitranI peThe samajAvI zake; paNa e AjJA ke mitravacanamAM yogakSema te bIjAe ApelI AjJA ke samajAvaTa jevAM ja hoya che. paNa

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vAlmayavimaza? 131 kAntAtva-prayukta udeza te amegha navaDe. azaktinI kalpanAne ahIM avakAza nathI. pate joyelA satyane e (kavi) suMdara rUpe, sauMdaryane rUpe rajU kare che... kavi yathArthatArUpa satyane suMdara svarUpe rajU kare che. satya ane suMdaranA-satyanA ane tadantarvatI AMtara sauMdaryanAsahacAramAMthI " zivama" svayameva pragaTa thAya che." (pR. 67) kavi rajU kare che te satya ane satyanuM aMtara saudarya bhinna che ke abhinna ? abhinna hoya te e baMnenA sahacAramAMthI "zivama " svayameva pragaTa thatuM hovAthI dareka kAvyamAM "zivam nI niSpatti thavAnI. paNa A vasturithati nathI. zrI rAmabhAIe ja A gUMcane uttara (pR. 292) upara Ape che. "A saudaryasarjana viSayanI mAtra bAhya AkRtinuM sauMdarya heya e paryApta nathI. kalAkRtinA-sarjAI rahelA mAnavacAritryanA-AMtara saudaryanI paNa apekSA kalAkArane rahe che. udAharaNa ApatAM kahe che ke "sAhityakRtimAM sadAcArI nAyakane pratiyegI durAcArI zaTha paNa hoya che. e zaThanI zaThatA rajU karavI e sarjakane satyadharma che. kevaLa prAcIna vastusthitine vaLagI na rahIe ane kalAtattvanA nirUpaNa tarIke A vidhAna vicArIe te aneka prazno UbhA thAya che. nAyaka-nAyikA sadAcArI ja hoya ? pratinAyakamAM nAyaka-nAyikA jevuM kazuMka AMtara saudarya jevuM na hoya? vagere. vastutaH zabda ane arthanA sAhityathI niSpanna thatA kAvyamAM jyAM mUlyono anupraveza (Value Judgement ) thato hoya tyAM zivam 'nA tattvano prazna UThaze. anyatra ane AvAM kAvyomAM paNa mAtra kAvyAnaMdanI maMgaLa anubhUti thaze. - (5) kavine kAvyane viSaya mAnavajIvanamAMthI sAMpaDe che. zuM sAruM, zuM narasuM enuM darzana kavi paNa kare che. sArA sArA tarIke ane narasAne narasA tarIke e Alekhe che ane evuM darzana

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132 akSA vAcakamAM saMkrAMta paNa thAya che. (pR. 67) prAcIna bhAratIya kAvyUbhAvanA A rAjamArge viharatI. Aje teA kavi sArAne narasA rUpe ke narasAne sArA rUpe nirUpe che; ethI AgaLa vadhIne sArAnarasAnI vAta sarvathA aLagI karIne vastunirUpaNa karavA prayatna kare chetyAre zivam 'ne prazna vadhAre jaTila bane che. H (6) * mahAkAvyanI mahecchA ' lekhamAM mahAkAvyanA svarUpanI carcA karIne gujarAtImAM mahAkAvyanI racanAnA abhAvanAM vidvAnAe ApelAM kAraNeA zrI rAmabhAI e teAMdhyAM che. zrI rAmabhAI e peAte a'tima kADikAemAM praznarUpe peAtAne abhimata uttara ( mahAkAvyaracanAnA prazno ) ApI dIdhA che paNa UrmikAvya ke prasa`gakAvyanI racanAmAM peAtAnI siddhi mAnatA kavinI pratibhAmAM vizALakAya sarvAnubhavarasika mahAkAvya (ke nATaka ) sarjavAnuM sAmarthya nathI--A ( kaTu ) satya zrI rAmabhAI spaSTapaNe uccAratA nathI. gujarAtImAM mahAkAvya nathI racAyuM mATe * Apage kAvyasiddhimAM UNA rahI gayA chIe ema nitAnta mAnI levAnI jarUra nathI.' (pR. 87 ) A haiyAdhAraNa ApavAmAM sahRdayanA dAkSiNyanI ja pratIti thAya che. O * (7) 'nATakanuM" prANabhUta tattva'mAM pR. 279 upara karelu* * A bhAvasaMkramaNa ane e bhAvanI prekSakanA hayamAM thatI AnaMdasvarUpa niSpatti e nATakanu prANabhUta tattva jIvAnubhUta tatva che' A vidhAna dekhItI rIte ativyAptista che. (8) * nATaka zrAvya paNa che ' lekhamAM zrI rAmabhAi e nATakamAM vANItattvanA zrAvyatvanA gauravanu prayatnapUrvaka pratipAdana karyu che paNa tenA dekhAtA dRzya ane zrAvyatvanAM guNapradhAna bhAvanA vipa - yathI samagra lekha mane peAtAne A svarUpe apratItikara lAgyA che. zrI rAmabhAIe peAte ja AraMbhamAM prAcIne e kAvyanA pADelA e

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133. vAlmayavimarza vibhAgo-dazya ane zrAvyano ullekha karyo che. A vibhAjana saMtoSakAraka nathI e to dekhItuM che. paNa nATaka pahelAM "dazya" ane pachI zrAvyatvane kAraNe tenAM bIjA badhAM aMgopAMge phalita thAya che e vidhAna ciMtya che. prAcInae kAvyanA zabdArthanA dazya ane zrAvya evA vibhAga pADyA che te ja batAve che ke nATakano deha zabdArthane-vANune-banelo che. paNa nATakamAM vANuM tatva prakAra ane vyavasthA dazyatvanA niyaMtraNe saMyata bane che. sarjakane amuka vastunuM saMvedana thayuM tene kevuM kAvya svarUpa ApavuM e vicAryA pachI ja e vastunuM saMvidhAna kalpe che ane vANI yoje che. dazya rUpa ApavuM hoya te pAtro dvArA ane pAtronA vAlgavyavahAra dvArA ja eNe samagra vastunuM nirvahaNa karavAnuM rahe che. vANIne saMvAdanuM svarUpa ane viziSTatA dazyatva guNane lIdhe maLe che. zrI rAmabhAIe (pR. 4ra0-21) upara sajanaprakriyAno je krama Apo che te jagyA che. paNa A lekhamAM e kramane ulaTAvyo che jene pariNAme A vAlmayaprakArane prayogarUpe dazya karavAnI je gyatA che te enI pAtrAzrita vANIracanAnuM pariNAma che." evuM viparIta vidhAna (pR. 357) karAyuM che. zIrSakamAM prayojAyelo paNa zabda AzvAsanarUpa che." - ahIM rajU karelA keTalAka muddAo uparathI samajI zakAze ke A lekhasaMgrahanI sAmagrI keTalI samRddha, vipula ane vicArapreraka che. ApaNA prAcIna sAhityazAstramAM judA judA viSayonI je sUkSma mImAMsA thaI che te ati vipula che ane Aje tenuM pAzcAtya siddhAMtanI mImAMsA sAthe tulanAtmaka nirUpaNa karatAM ghaNI mUlyavAna sAmagrI parakhAya che. zrI rAmabhAIe navIna pAzcAtya muddAo ane siddhAMtanuM paNa keTaleka sthaLe nirUpaNa karyuM che. prAcIna bhAratIya siddhAMtanI sAthe tenI saMgati-asaMgatinI carcA paNa karI che.

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134 akSarA nirUpaNarIlI zrI rAmabhAInI nirUpaNazailInAM keTalAMka lakSaNAtA nirdeza ArbhamAM karyA che. vizeSa ullekhapAtra che. emanI sarjakazaktinA kSaNika unmeSa jevA paNa hRdayane sparzI jatA keTalAka alakArAnA prayAga. udAharaNa tarIke (1) ee gAya athavA gAvAneA asaphaLa prayAsa kare, tyAre kavitAnA pavinyAsa ThokarAtA, layanI gati lathaDAtI, UMTanI savArI karatI sukumAra suMdarInI mANUka kavitAnI kAmaLa kAyAnA sAMdhA khaLabhaLI jatA ( pR. 41) (2) e pada gAtA tyAre zabdane dhvani ane temAM purAyelA layavAdI sAde sUra kAnane gamatA. e zabdoccAra ane layanI pAlakhImAM besIne AvatA abuddhinA teAraNe peAMkhAIne hRdayanA mAMgharAmAM jaI besatA ane AtAnI vRttine peAtAnI karatA. (pR. 41) (3) aMte uchaMgamAM laIne AvatI vANI svaralayanI melaDImAM besIne sAMbhaLanArane AkarSatI. paNa e vANInI dhanyatA ane saphaLatA atha mAM hatI, e sAMbhaLanAranuM mana vizrAMti anubhavatuM. (pR. 41) chelle zrI rAmabhAInA bahuzrutatva zreSThIe smRtirUpa kAI vAra ALasu banI jatI parsanala sekreTarI upara AdhAra rAkhIne gItAmAM je zleAkA nathI te gItAne (pR. 290) nAme caDAvI dIdhA che.

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suMdaramanuM mRcchakaTika zudrakanA A vizvavikhyAta prakaraNane zrI suMdarame gujarAtImAM avatAyuM che. A kevaLa anuvAda nathI. paNa raMgabhUmi upara rajU karavAnA uddezathI abhinayogyatAnI daSTie yojAyeluM hovAthI kApakUpa sAMdhAsUdhI karIne taiyAra kareluM saMkaraNa che. cAra-pAMca nATayakalArasikenI sUcanAo jhIlI taiyAra thayeluM hovAthI A sajananI kalAmaMDitatA vize niHzaMkatA sevI zakAya. te uparAMta tenA ekabe saphaLa prayoga paNa thaI cUkyA che e paNa tenI raMgayogyatA mATe siddha pramANu gaNAya. * mRcchakaTikanI viziSTatA, suMdarame kahyuM che tema, vastutatvane lIdhe te che ja, paNa te uparAMta tenI pAtrasRSTimAM pratibiMbita thatI mAnavatAne lIdhe paNa che. dasa aMkamAM AchAgherA pitamAM patharAyeluM A nATaka du:khamAM paNa agAdha mAnavatA ane udAratA, daridratAmAM paNa guNasamRddhi para ja vArI jatA strIhadayanI udAratA, sukha ke duHkhe samabhAva jALavato mitrasneha, patinA paDachAyA peThe jIvatI patnInI dAmpatya bhAvanA, nhAne bALakanI mugdha nirdoSatA ane pitRvAtsalya, upakArane badale vALI devAne utsukatA sevatuM, sAmAnya mANasamAM pratIta thatuM mAnava-mAnasa, te uparAMta mUkha, DALI ane bhIru jIvanA hAthamAM adhikAra AvatAM utpanna thato kaleze-AvA anekavidha bhAve rajU karatuM nehAnA vizva jevuM che. ziMgAra ane karuNanA gherA sAgaramAM hAsyanI mAtra laharIo nahi paNa chaLo UThIne IndradhanunI AkarSakatA dhArI rahe che. za kanAM gauNa pAtra jeTalAM saMkhyAbaMdha che. teTalAM ja vyaktitvavALAM che. zudrakane zakAra te jagatanA nATaya-sAhityanAM mahAna pAtromAMnuM eka che. tenI

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136 akSA mUrkhatA, avaLaca'DAI, bhIrutA, upahasanIyatA ane svA paTutAthI camakatI caturAIne lIdhe te jagatasAhityamAM sthAna pAmI cUkayo che. prasa`geAnI anekavidhatA, vizva jevI vizALa pAtrasRSTi ane samRddha rasavaibhavane lIdhe mRcchakaTikanuM sthAna saMskRta sAhityamAM ye ane khu ane ajoDa che. paNa lAdhATanI dRSTie mRcchakaTikanI khAmIe paNa eTalI ja spaSTa che. nATaka dazya-prakAra che. ane ragabhUminI maryAdAone anulakSIne racAvuM joIe e daSTibiMdu zake,lakSamAM rAkhyuM haze te paNa vastumAM prasa'gAnI ucita kramabaddha paraMparAne abhAva, 5 paristhiti ke ghaTanAnI abhinayanaceAgyatAnI za'kAgrastatA ke kevaLa abhAva, pAtronI raMgama`ca upara thaI jatI saMkulatA, vaNutA ke udgAranI anaMta jevI bhAsanI vaNajArathI jhoLa khAI jatuM vastu--A badhuM mRcchakaTikane surekha paheladAra nATaka thatu aTakAve che. eTale arvAcIna klAdaSTie nirUpIe to mRcchakaTikanA kadamAM-aMkasakhyAmAM, prasaMgeAnI AnupUrvI mAM ghaNuM sa`skaraNa karavuM Avazyaka bane. kadAca AvA eka prayatna bhAsane nAme caDelA ' daridra cArudatta nAmanA cAra aMkavALA nATakamAM thayeA heAvAne sabhava che. paNa mULa ane anukRtinA AvA saMbadha svIkAryAM kare teA paNa cArudatta'raMgaceAgyatAnI dRSTie ApaNune saMteASI zake evuM nathI. suMdarame peAtAnI pratijJAne anusarIne mULa sa MskRtanA anuvAda rUpe ja vastune avatAryuM' che paNa AkRtimAM pheraphAra karyA che tenuM nirUpaNa karIe. . . sudarame mULanA dasa aMkane sAtamAM sameTI lIdhA che. Ama karavAthI prAcIna nATacazAstranA niyamanuM ullaMdhana thayu. hAvA chatAM nATakanI suzliSTatA ane abhinayakSamatA vadhI ja che. pAMcamA "kamAM vasa'tasenAnA mahelanuM ane vaibhavanuM varNana raMga-dRSTie sava thA anucita che, tethI tene gALI nAkhyuM che. te ja pramANe mULamAM varSA-varNana lAMkhuM patharAIne paDayu che tene ullekha mAtra

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suMdaramanuM mRchakaTika 137 rahevA daI jatuM karyuM che te paNa yogya che. chaThThA aMkamAM vIrakacaMdanano jhaghaDe saheje jato karI zakAya tevo nathI. temane nATayarasa jevo che te - keTaleka aMze grAmya paNa kharo - mRcchakaTikanA jugArIonA dazyanA rasa jeTale ja lebha utpanna kare tevo che. chatAM suMdarame ene jato karyo tethI eka laMbANavALA gauNa prasaMgane TALavAthI saMbhavatI ghanatA sadhAI che ema svIkAravuM joIe, mULanA 350 jeTalA glaeNkemAMthI vastune puSTa kare tevAne gadyarUpe sAcavI laIne bIjA kADhI nAkhyA che. mRchakaTikamAM AgaLa tarI Avato doSa hoya to uktionI ke vicAronI punarutio, dAridraya vizenI ke varSA vizenI ke cAMDAlonI potAnA dhaMdhA vizenI uktio nAhaka laMbAIne paDI che tene TuMkAvavAthI lokono moTo bhAga nIkaLI jAya eTale lekIne kADhI nAkhyA e AjanI nATayakalAdaSTine ane nATayavastunI sugrathitatAne anukULa ja che. chatAM zloke na ja levA evI saMjakanI sUga vAcakane varatAya ane tethI keTaleka sthaLe zloke rAkhyA hatA te bhAvanI tAdazatA ke uktinI dhAra sacavAI rahetA ema lAgyA vinA rahetuM nathI. udAharaNa tarIke, pahelA aMkamAM zakAra vasaMtasenAnAM dasa nAmo gaNAve che te mULamAM kaleka-baddha che. tene zlekabaMdhanamAM rAkhyAM hatA te kevaLa eka - be - traNa ema gaNI javAthI thatI asara karatAM vadhAre sArI asara thAta. bIjuM udAharaNa mAnA nAte-e lekamAM cArudattanA hadayamAMthI anyAyajanita "Aha" nIkaLe che te gadya svAMgamAM jarAye jhIlAtI nathI. vAstavadarzI daSTine A lekabadha kRtrima lAge te paNa kalAdehe rajU thatI vAstavikatA chavananI vAstavikatAthI bhinna che e lakSamAM laIne paNa A prayoga karI zakAya che. suMdarame pote bhAvanirdeza ke bhAvakanAM sUcana mATe gIta mUkyAM ja che to yegya layavALAM padyane evAM sthaLoe prayoga karyo hota te kSatirUpa na nIvaData ema mAnI zakAya.

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138 akSA paNa leAkeA kADhI nAkhavAthI A sayAjanane hAni thaI che te zakAranA pAtranirUpaNamAM ane tenA hAsyanI tAdRzatAmAM zakAranI zlekabaddha uktiemAM 'zakAratva' dUdhamAM ghInI peThe vaseluM che. dudha jeTalu kADhI nAkhIe teTaluM ghI paNa javAnuM. A uktiomAM laharAtI zakAranI dAMgAI, mUkhatA, khaDakhaDa hasAve tevuM purANu-mahAbhAratanu' ajJAna, ahu bhAva, bhIrutA vagere zakAranA pAtrane upasAvavA mATe aparihAryuM che. A zleAkeA kADhI nAkhavAthI thayelI hAni sayeAjanamAM zakAranA pAtrane mULa karatAM jhAMkhu banAve che, paNa kadAca A zlokA rAkhyA hAta te paNa je hAni anuvAdamAM anivArya banata te tenA hAsyarasamAM. mRcchakaTikamAM hAsyarasa prasaMganiSTha che, pApaniSTha che, uktinika che. sUkSma mA ika vacanathI mAMDI kaTAkSa, upahAsa, parihAsa ane cheka sthUla phArasa sudhInI kakSAemAM vilase che. hAsyarasanA Ala'bana tarIke zakAranuM pAtra pradhAna che, tenA vartanathI ane vANIthI hAsyanI cheALA UDe che. tene satata sUsavatA zakAra, zleAkeAmAM AvatA anuprAsa, kaDhaMgA paurANika ullekhA, vicitra viparyAsA, saoNMskRtamAM ja zakaya evA zleSanA prayAge-A badhu... anuvAdake anicchAe jatuM karavuM paDe. (gatA mAvADamavamUnA vidhAbhAsane sAcavIne gujarAtImAM zI rIte utArI zakAya ?) suMdaramanA anuvAdane paNa evuM ja thayuM che, chatAM suMdarame jyAM jyAM zakaya che tyAM tyAM zleSaniSTha ane vastuniSTha hAsyarasane sAMgeApAMga utAravAnI cIvaTa rAkhI che ema paNa svIkAravuM joIe. jugArIonuM dRzya mULanA hAsyarasane lagabhaga tevI ja kaiATie sAcavI zakayu* che. mULa nATakamAM `kAnAM dRsyA ( scenes )nA vibhAga pADayA nathI chatAM pADI zakAya tema che e te! saheje joI zakAya che. suMdarame arvAcIna paddhatie a Ane dRzyamAM vahecI nAkhyA che temAM pradhAna daSTi abhinayana-yeAgyatAnI ja rAkhI che. A dRSTie pahelA aMkanuM khIju` dazya vicAravA jevu che, vasa tasenAnI pAchaLa

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suMdaramanuM mRcchakaTika 139 zakAra, viTa ane ceTa paDayA che. A dazya saMcalanapradhAna (Dynamic) che eTale vasaMtasenA, zikAra vagere pAtro daDatAM jAya ane uktio bolatAM jAya evI kaDhaMgI sthiti thAya. UlaTuM, pAtro sthira UbhAM rahe ane uktio bole to dazyanI coTa mArI jAya. A sajana bhajavAI gayuM che, temAM A dazyanI abhinayana-vyavasthA zI rIte karAI hatI te huM jANato nathI paNa mane lAge che ke suMdarame ahIM karelI vyavasthAne badale pAtronAM praveza ane niSkramaNanI vyavasthA A pramANe karAya to paristhitinuM sAMgopAMga pratibiMba jhIlI zakAya. pahelAM vasaMtasenA doDatI gabharAtI praveze ane tarata tenI pAchaLa zakAra, viTa ane ceTa praveze. teo hAMphaLA phAMphaLA Amatema doDe ane chevaTe thAka utAravA UbhA hoya te rIte ghaNIkharI uktio bolI nAkhe. pachI tarata vasaMtasenAne pakaDI pADavA raMga-pArdhamAM jAya. e ja kSaNe vasaMtasenA pahelAMnI peThe ja praveze ane vikaLa dazAmAM pitAnA sAthIone hAka mAre tyAM zikAra, viTa ane ceTa AvI caDe. Ama yojanA thAya to dazyanI svAbhAvikatA ane tAdazatA jaLavAI rahe. - mRchakaTikamAM cArUdatta-vasaMtasenAnA prema-prasaMganA pradhAna vastu sAthe rAjyakrAMtinA aMzano saMbaMdha atizaya zithila lAge che. bhAsane nAme caDelA "daridra-cArudatta'mAMthI A rAjyakrAMtine aMza sadaMtara kADhI nakhAya che. ane e rIte vastunI ekAgratA sAdhavAno prayatna thayo che. ethI UlaTuM, suMdarame rAjyakrAMtinA subdha vAtAvaraNamAM premaprasaMgane gUMthI levAnuM ucita dhAyuM che. Ayakano pratipakSI rAjA pAlaka tema AryakanA mitra cArudattane pratipakSI rAjyazyAla sakAra-A saMbaMdhanA sUtra vaDe mULa vastunI be chUTI jevI serene saMkalita karI che. ane tethI keTalAka umero karavA paDyA che. Avo umere pahelA aMkanA trIjA dazyamAM thayo che. trIjA aMkanA trIjA dazyamAM karelo umero pAtranI sthAna-viniyojanA

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140 akSara mATe ja thayuM che. e ja aMkanuM cothuM dazya rUpakavatA (Dramatic Irony) vALuM che ane "pravezakanI garaja sAre che. chatAM vastu- vikAsa mATe sarvathA aparihArya nathI. pAMcamA aMkanA pahelA dazyamAM Aryaka-cArudattane meLApa suMdarame karavA dhArelI pravAha dvaya-saMgati mATe umerelo che. ane chaThThA aMkamAM betraNa ukti-guccho umerAyA che. temAM kAla-yApana sUcavavAno Azaya che. zikAranI tyAM tyAM umerAyelI uktio ke gIto tenA pAtranI rekhAone anukuLa rAkhavAmAM AvI che. suMdarame pAtronA adhikAra pramANe cityapurasara bhASAne ke belIne prayoga karyo che, jugArIonA dazyanA saMvAda yathAtatha UtaryA che. bhASAne mareDa zuddha che. maitreyanI bhASAmAM jarUra paDaze vyakta thato vega ane zarvilaka ke karakanI uktionI vividha chaTA suMdaramanI dRSTinI yathArthatA siddha kare che. , Ama A sajananA guNa-doSano AMka kADhI zakIe. deSa mATenI javAbadArI sarvathA sayAjakanI nathI. teNe javAbadArIpUrvaka. pitAnA kAryanI maryAdAo lakSamAM rAkhIne abhinayanogyatAnI dRSTie A saMyojana karyuM che. eTaluM dhyAnamAM rAkhIe te saMyojakanI zakti ane saMyojana baMnene nyAya karI zakIe.

Page #150
rasikalAla parIkhanuM "zarvilaka' muMbaI, 19-6-58 snehI bhAI zrI rasikabhAI zrI hIrAbahene " zarvilaka"nI tame mokalAvelI prata mane eprilanA pahelA aThavADiyAmAM ja ApI hatI. tenI pahoMca tatkAla na lakhI zake te mATe kSamA cAhuM chuM. "zarvilaka" gaI kAle ja vAMcyuM. te uparathI phurelA vicAro ahIM saMkSepamAM raju karuM chuM. zarvilaka' "mRchakaTika'nuM sAcA arthamAM saMskaraNa che. zakanI e mahAmUlI kRtinuM sAhityarasike ne-nATayarasikene-ajaba AkarSaNa che. chatAM rAjaparivarta-prasaMgano pradhAna vastu (cArudattavasaMtasenAnA praNayaprasaMga) sAtheno saMbaMdha prAcIna ane arvAcIna kALamAM ghaNuM vivecane zithila lAgyo che. AvA koI asaMtoSamAMthI daridra cArudatta " jagyuM ema mAnanArAo mAne huM paNa eka chuM. ( A praznanI chaNAvaTa khUba thaI che te tame jANe che paNa mane je eka muddo nirNAyaka jevuM lAge che te vize lekha kadAca tamArA viAMcavAmAM nahi Avyo hoya, ema mAnIne A sAthe e lekhanI eka nakala mekaluM chuM.) rAjaparivarta prasaMgane gALI nAkhIne kevaLa zagArapradhAna nATayakRti rajU karavAnuM kArya bahu kaparuM nahotuM. "daridra cAradatta'nA racanAre A mArga svIkAryo che. e saralIkaraNa (Simplificatian)mAM zadrakanI kRtinI camaka ghaNe aMze jhAMkhI paDI gaI. tame vadhAre sAce mAga svIkAryo. kakane purI sahAyatAthI samajIne ane sUkSma dRSTithI enA marmane pAmIne enuM ja vastu suoLarUpe rajU karyuM. pariNAma kevuM suMdara AvyuM che ! - "mRccha

Page #151
142 akSA C ' , 6 . kaTika 'mAM keTalAye prasaMgeA viza'khala lAge che, keTalAMye pAtronu` vana Akasmika ke asa*aASakAraka DhaMganuM dekhAya che. mRcchakaTika 'nA bIjA akanAM jugArIeAnAM dazyAnI pradhAna vastu sAthenI sagati to carcAnA viSaya thaI paDI che. mRcchakaTika 'mAM AvI kendracyuta (out of focus) lAgatI vastue ' zivalaka'mAM keTalI saukavavALI ane sAbhiprAya banI jAya che! tame ' rAjaparivata ' prasaMgane kendramAM rAkhIne--pradhAna vastu gaNIne-samagra za'gAranirUpaNane navuM chatAM gauNa mahattva ApyuM che ' mRcchakaTika 'mAM vilakanuM pAtra kutUhalapreraka vilakSaNatAvALu -keTaleka aMze rahasyamaya-lAge che. ' ziva laka 'mAM enuM vyaktitva spaSTa, udAtta ane AkaSa ka banI jAya che. jugArIe paNa jAso che e dRSTie'du jugArInAM dazyone evaDI-trevaDI sAkatA Ape che. zRMgArane tame gauNu mahattva Apyu che ema meM kahyuM : paNa suvaNunI vIMTImAM jaDeluM. naga camake tema zikSaka 'mAM zaMgAra camakI rahyo che. ' za'kArane tame zakA'ra tarIke kalpIne zakarAnI zvetapadmAnuM pAtra sajyuM ane ' mRcchakaTika 'nA zRMgArane vistAryo che eTaluM ja nahI', * mRcchakaTika 'nA zu`gArane tame sa'skAryo paNa che ane madanikA tathA vasaMtasenAnA nirUpaNa dvArA strIhRdayanI nirvyAja premaparAyaNatA sAthe tenAM svApaNanI bhAvanA ane sAmarthya ne sabaLa rIte vyakta karyA che. * mRcchakaTika 'nAM pAtronI uktionA zakaya teTalA prayAga karAyA che te A nATakanI mULa kRti pratyenI anuleAmatA tathA abhijAtatAnuM sUcana kare che. alabatta, prasa`gakalpanAmAM mAlatImAdhava, mudrArAkSasa vagerenI chAyA varatAya che. paNa evu' sAmya TALavuM azakaya che. paNa sauthI mahattvanuM vastuparivartana te vilaka'nA niva haNu agamAM dekhAya che. dekhItI rIte ja sa`skRta nATacapraNAlInAM adhanAne tame svIkAryA nathI ane arvAcIna yuganI nATyabhAvanAne ane nATayasiddhAMtAne anusarIne vastumAM parivartana karyu che. tethI ja mAdhavanI jIbha cUMTI kADhavI ane AMgaLAM kApI nAkhavAM tathA bharata ' : C

Page #152
rasikalAla parIkhanuM zivalaka 143 rAhataka zastra vaDe peAtAnuM gaLuM kApI nAkhe evAM bIbhatsa dazyA pratyakSa rUpe rajU karAyAM che. rAjaparivata pravRtti saphaLa thAya che ane Aya ka rAjA bane che te vAta A nATakane manikA ane cArudattanA mRtyunI gherI karuNu chAyAmAMthI ugArI zakatI nathI. dhyeyasiddhi sAMpaDI paNa vilaka ane vasaMtasenAe jIvananuM sarvasva khAyuM. AnuM nAma jIvana ! ATaluM ja hAta teA A nATaka-ane jIvana karuNa (tragic) ja gaNAta. paNa vaiyaktika sukhaduHkhane ke sAMsArika saMbadhone atikramIne leAkasa'grahanA kArya mAM AtmasamarpaNa karatA zirvilaka jIvana jIvavA tatpara khate che. paNa A kakSAthI ya UMcI kakSA samagra saMsAranA kAyaDAne samajavA--Atmada na karavuM--e che, tame atyaMta vicakSaNatAthI strI ane puruSonAM hRdayAnA bhedane lakSamAM rAkhIne vasatasenAne e parama jyeAtine mArge vALI che--tame 'zarvilaka' dvArA gujarAtI ragabhUmine ane nATayasAhityane kasavALuM ane kasavAvALuM nATaka ApyuM che. abhitaddana ! sa`skRta bhASAMtara karI nAkhA te ! li. (saMskRti, okaTobara 1958) gau. cu. jhAlAnA namaskAra

Page #153
'masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya" masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya" rA. baTubhAI umaravADiyAmRta ekAMkI nATaka che. "be belamAM jaNAvyuM che ke AnuM - ane tenAM bIjAM ekAMkI nATakanuM svarUpa to aMgrejI one act play uparathI che. aMgrejI one act play nI sAmAnya rUparekhA tapAsIzuM to jaNAze ke nATaka ekAMkI hovAthI Avazyaka rIte ja tenI vastu brief-a85-hovI joIe. triaMkI ke tethI vadhAre aMkavALAM nATakamAM jema kaI paNa prasaMgane savistara prastAva karI zakAya athavA te pAtronuM development tene guNe ke avaguNonuM kramazaH ane suvyavasthita rIte AviSkaraNa kRI zake tema ekAMkI nATakamAM sAmAnya rIte na thaI zake. AmAM te amuka prasaMge ke koI prasaMgane amuka bhAga ke pAtranuM ekadezIya Alekhana - AvI AvI vastunuM darzana karAvAya. vaLI ekAMkI nATaka nAnuM hovAthI pahelethI chelle sudhI vastu ekAgra rahevI joIe. singleness of purpose-dhyeyanI ekAgratA e ekAMkI nATakane pradhAna guNa che. ane A ekAgratAne lIdhe ja nATaka nAnuM hovA chatAM anya proDha nATaka jeTaluM ja rasavALuM che. A tanI daSTithI tapAsatAM "masyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya'mAM ekAMkI nATaka racavAno kartAne prayAsa sarvathA saphaLa thayo che ema kahI zakAya. prastuta nATakanI vastu eka prasiddha vyaktinA jIvanamAM prasaMga che, te vyaktinuM samagra pAtrAlekhana nathI. ekAMkI nATakamAM, upara kahyuM tema, sAdhAraNa rIte thaI zake paNa nahi. bhISma bhISma zA mATe? ane kevI rIte banyA, arthAta bhISma ane matsyagaMdhAne saMbaMdha-A viSaya A nATakamAM ullekhAyo che. upalakapaNe jotAM

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* "masyagandhA ane gAMgeyara 145 ema lAgavA saMbhava che ke beyanI ekAgratA nATakamAM sacavAI nathI, kAraNa ke eka bAju bhISma ane matsyagaMdhAnuM praNayabaMdhana thatuM dekhADavAmAM AvyuM che, tyAre bIjI bAju bhISma ane dhIvara vacce tephana virodhI prasaMga varNavyo che. A prasaMgonA paraspara virodhane lIdhe beyanI ekAgratAmAM vikSepa Ave che. vaLI beyanI ekAgratA ekAMkI nATakamAM pahelethI chelle sudhI jaLavAI rahevI joIe, tethI ekAMkI nATakamAM eke ya ghaTanA (incident) ke paristhiti (situation) temAM vikSepa kare tevI na hovI joIe. prastuta nATamAM te kartAe prAsaMgika vastu paNa mUkI che ! matsyagaMdhA ane bhISmanA saMbaMdhanuM Alekhana karavAnI sAthe kartAe rohita ane madhurIno saMbaMdha varNavyuM che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa te saMbaMdhane vadhI vadhIne chevaTe maMgalamaya upasaMhAra pAmato darzAvyA che. Ama karavAthI ekAMkI nATakanI ekAgratAmAM vikSepa Ave che, ema kadAca koIne jaNAya paNa jarA UMDA UtaratAM jaNAze ke A AkSepone avakAza nathI. bhIma ane matsyagaMdhAna saMbaMdha, dhIvara ane bhISmano saMbaMdha-A bevaDe saMbaMdha dhyeyanI ekAgratAne bAdha karavAne badale, UlaTA e ekAgratAne spaSTa rIte vyakta kare che. eya bhISmanI bhISmatA darzAvavAnuM che. ane te mahAbhAratamAM varNavelA bhISma ane dhIvaranA prasaMgamAM sArI rIte daSTigocara thAya che. chatAM A ja yeyane kartAe bIjI bAju kapI-virodhI saMjoge kazyA, ane tethI bhISmanI bhImatA baMne bAjuthI ajavALuM paDatAM vadhAre dIptimaya- kharuM kahIe to vadhAre bhISma-banI. eTale kalAnI daSTie te kartAnI kalpanA sAtha ane saphaLa ja nIvaDI che. bIje AkSepa prAsaMgika vastune lakSIne karavAmAM Avyo che. teno uttara A ja lekhamAM AgaLa upara maLI Avaze. - kartAe pote be bola mAM kahyuM che tema matsyagaMdhAmAM purANa pAtro che tethI sAmAnya vAcakavargane pAtro tema ja mukhya vastu paNa a. 10

Page #155
146 akSA prasiddha hAvAthI tenI oLakhANu ApavAnI jarUra bhAgye ja rahe. bhISmanA nAmathI kayA hindu ajANyA hAI zake ? - matsyagA ane gAMgeya'mAM bhISma mukhya pAtra che. mahAbhAratamAM bhISma saMbadhe je mAhitI maLe che tene lakSIne kartAe A nATaka racyu che, hastinApuramAM zantanu nAme rAjA hatA. te gagAne paraNyA hatAM. gagAne peTe tene putra avataryA hatA ane tenuM nAma devavrata hatuM. devavrata parama pitRbhakta hatA. eka vakhata zakhtanu rAjA mRgayA karavA gayA hatA, te vakhate teNe eka apratima lAvaNyavALI dhIvarakanyAne joI-ane temAM mugdha thayA. hastinApura pAchA gayA pachI zantanue te kanyAnA pitAne te kanyA mATe mAgu mAkalyuM. paNa dhIvare, vahArakuzaLa hAI, evI zarata mAgI ke mArI putrIne peTe zantanune je putra avatare te rAjyagAdInA vArasa thAya. zantanu A zarata kevI rIte kabUla karI zake? tethI saMtApane lIdhe te dhIme dhI~me gaLavA lAgyA. devavratane jyAre A vastusthitinI jANa thaI tyAre te dhIvara pAse gayA ane tenI samakSa pratijJA lIdhI ke rAjyagAdI uparathI huM mArA haka uThAvI lauM chuM. eTalu ja nahi, bhaviSyamAM paNa kadAca mArAM saMtAneA rAjya mATe dAvA kare te TALavA mATe hu* gRhasthAzramane svIkAra nahi karu` ! Ama pitRbhaktinI parAkASThAe pahoMcelA devavrate bhISmapratijJA lIdhI. tyArathI te bhISma tarIke jANItA thayA. * matsyagadhA, ane gAMgeya'mAM A prasagane! Azraya levAmAM AvyA che--ema kahyuM te sAbhiprAya kahyuM che, kAraNa ke mahAbhAratamAMnA prasaMgamAM ane prastuta nATakanA vastumAM dhaNA bheda che. ' matsyagaMdhA ane gAMgeya'mAM kartAnA uddeza mahAbhAratamAMnI prasiddha kathA varNavavAne nathI e to spaSTa jaNAI Ave che. nATakanuM nAma 'matsyagandhA ane gAMgeya ' rAkhyu che te paNa saprayAjana ja che. A nAma vaDe pradhAna pAtrAnAM nAmane nirdeza thAya che. eTalu ja nahi, paNa vastusUcana paNa thAya che. jo kartAne AvA kaI uddeza na heAya teA pachI

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* "masyagandhA ane gAMgeya 147. "bhISma' e suvidita nAma choDIne "gAMgeya" zA mATe pasaMda karyuM heya? vaLI AkhA nATakamAM gAMgeya te "gAMgeya'nA nAmathI ja Ave che. chellA praveza sivAya nATakanA aMtamAM gAMgeya kevaLa gAMgeya maTI-je ke gaMgA jevI mAtAnA anurUpa putra thavuM ane te putratvane dIpAvavuM e kaMI nAnIsUnI vAta nathI-bhISya bane che. A uparathI ema jaNAya che ke kartAno uddeza bhISmanI bhISmatA samajAvavAno che. khare, mahAbhAratamAM ja bhISma "bhISma zA mATe kahevAyA te samajAvavAmAM AvyuM che, ane kartAe e prasaMgano upayoga upara jaNAvyA pramANe A nATakamAM karyo ja che. chatAM kartA kaMIka jANe mahAbhAratamAM darzAvelI bhISmanI bhISmatAthI asaMtuSTa rahyA hoya, ane temAM rahelI UNapa purI devA jhaMkhatA hoya, ane tethI kalpanAnI pAMkho upara UDI bhISmanI bhISmatAnuM yathArtha svarUpa zodhavA nIkaLI paDayA hoya tevuM lAge che. kalpanAnI madadathI mahAbhAratano sAdo prasaMga ora rUpa pAme che ane saravALe bhISmanuM bhamatva bhImatara bane che. kalpanAzaktithI kartAe aneka prasaMge UbhA karyA che. rAjakumAra gAMgeya mRgayA karavA gayA hatA tevAmAM teNe mukhamAM vastra laI nAsato. eka vAgha je. vAghane mArI gAMgeya je dizAmAMthI te vAgha Avyo hatA te dizA tarapha jAya che, ane eka suMdara sarovaramAM nahAtI eka "svarganI savAra jevI vimaLa tejarekhA' yuvatIne jue che. tene jotAveMta tenA hRdayamAM anurAga utpanna thAya che. yuvatI evI zarata kare che ke huM be varasa sudhI tapa karavAnI chuM. te daramiyAna tamAre mAruM nAma ke kuLa pUchavuM nahi, te uparAMta jo koI manuSya na kareluM tame karI batAvaze te huM tamane varIza. A kalpita saMgenI frame mAM kartAe mahAbhAratanI ghaTanAnI chabI maDhI che. AthI nATakanI vastunuM svarUpa ati tIvra (full of tension)

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akSaNa 148 bane che. eka bAju A kapita saMjogomAM AlekhavAmAM AvyuM che tema gAMgeya pitAnI hadayadevInuM nAma ke kuLa puchatA nathI ane amAnuSa-apUrva-karma karI batAvI hadaya-devInI zarato pALI devAnI hoMzamAM che tyAre bIjI bAju gAMgeya potAnA pitAnI abhilASA pUrNa karavA mATe "DhImara' pAse jaI rAjyatyAga karavAnI pratijJA le che, ane "DhImara" rAjI thaI potAnI kanyA misyagaMdhA-ne zattanuM sAthe paraNAvavA kabUla thAya che! Ama apUrva AtmatyAga karI gAMgeya apUrva karma kare che. paNa-paNa! A AtmatyAga zuM zuddha hato ? temAM UNapa nahotI ? A AtmatyAga vaDe ja gAMgeya AtmabaMdhana sAdhavAnA vicAramAM nahatA ke tenuM sukha rAjyamAM ke anya vaibhavamAM nahotuM. pelI suMdarImAM ja tenI AkhI sukha suSTi samAI hatI. te maLe, to pachI? chellA pravezamAM, pitAnI abhilASA pUrI karavA mATe asAdhAraNa AtmatyAga karI gAMgeya pitAnA hRdayanI adhiSThAtrI devatA mAthe keAI aNamUlI paLe divya AnaMdasAgaranI laharIomAM vihare che ane potAnA bhAvi svargIya sukhane kSitijamAM jue che, te ja paLe DhImara"--duniyAnI vyAvahArika sthitinuM bhAna karAvanAre "DhImara'AvI caDhe che. gAMgeyanI divyasRSTi UDI jAya che, te kartavyamAM cUkyA che evo Aropa Ave che! have ja bhISmane kharI paristhitinuM bhAna thAya che. bhISmanuM hRdaya e te samarAMgaNa ja. mAtA ke priyA? vadana ke AliMgana? pUjyabuddhi ke praNaya? A paraspara virodhI lAgaNInA yuddhamAM aMte gAMgeyanuM gAMgeyatva vijayI nIvaDe che. ane bhIma kartavyaparAyaNa bane che. sAtijJA 'huM mavati sAdhavA Ama nATakanI vastu tIvra bane che, ane bhISmanuM bhamatva pracaMDa svarUpamAM vyakta thAya che. bhISmanI bhaSmatA ADe masyagadhAne AtmatyAga joIe neTale bahAra nathI Avato. te te strI hatI, chatAM pitAnA hRdayane

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* matsyagandhA ane gAMgeyaH 149 vArI pitAe kahelu' kabUla rAkhe che. ze| AtmatyAga ! ze! bhAratanI strIone Adaza ! upara joyA pramANe A nATakamAM mukhya pAtrA asAdhAraNa che, sajomA asAdhAraNa che AkhI ghaTanA asAdhAraNa che. Ama asAdhAraNa sRSTimAM vicaravAthI ApaNe temAM gUcavAI sAmAnya vastusthiti bhUlI na jaIe te hetuthI kartAe mukhya pAtronAM pratipAtro (foils) mUkavAM che. A pratipAtro duniyAnA cIlAmAM cAlyAM jAya che. Ahita ane madhurI ekabIjAne jue che, premamAM paDe che, ane chevaTe paraNe che. A prAsaMgika vastumAM svataH nathI kaMI viziSTatA ke nathI kaMI tAtparyAM. chatAM te nirarthIka nathI ja. tenuM prayeAjana mukhya vastunI mahattA, asAdhAraNa. bhISmatAnuM ApaNane bhAna karAvavuM e che. sAmAnya vyavahAranA rAjapathI mukhya vastu keTalI ADIavaLI cAlI te mApavAnuM te yaMtra (gauge) che. tethI A prAsaMgika vastu dhyeyanI ekAgratAmAM vikSepa lAvavAne badale te ekAgratA sAdhavAmAM, tene saceATa rIte khaDAra lAvavAmAM sahAya kare che. vaLI matsyagandhA ane gAMgeyanI udAratA ane asAdhAraNatA A prAsagika vastunA upasa'hAramAM dIpI nIkaLe che. peAtAnAM vyi svapne! UDI gayAM, paNa tethI temanAM hRya niSThura nahotAM banyAM. tema thAya to pachI asAdhAraNatA kAM rahI ? kAmadevane uddezIne Ara bhelA peAtAnA yajJa tA adhUrA rahyo, chatAM bIjA yajamAneAne sahAya karI pete kRtakRtya thavA icchatAM hoya tema bhISma ane matsyagandhA rahita ane madhurInAM lagna yeAje che. AmAM paNa bhISmanI tema ja matsyagandhAnI bhISmatA nathI jhaLahaLatI zuM ? dhyeyanI ekAgratA ekAMkI nATakAne Avazyaka guNa che. A ekAgratA sAcavavA jatAM nATakakAra khInna de!SamAM AvI paDavAnA bhayamAM rahe. peAtAnA dhyeyane satata dRSTimAM rAkhI nATakanI vastu.

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150 akSaro ghaTanA karavA jatAM ema paNa saMbhava rahe ke nATakanAM pAtro nirjIva ane nIrasa bane, je kalAkAra kuzaLa na hoya te pAtra tenA dhyeyane anusarIne ja bolatAcAlatAM eTale ke vyaktitva vinAnAM dummieskhokhAM thaI jAya ane teonAM mukhamAMthI nATakakArano ja abhiprAya nIkaLatA rahe. dRSTAMta tarIke, jema "masyagandhA ane gAMgeyamAM kartAe eka dhyeya rAkhI tene aMtaparyata jALavavAnI saMbhALa lIdhI che tema temaNe "maharSiNI mAM paNa beyanI ekAgratA jALavI rAkhI che. paNa "lomaharSiNImAM mukhya pAtra to lAkaDAnA ramakaDA jevuM ja lagabhaga thaI gayuM che. ahIM tema nathI. yeyanI ekAgratA purepurI sacavAI che, tenI sAthe bhISma, mayagandhA vagere pAtronuM vyaktitva jaLavAI rahyuM che. nATakanI zarUAtamAM ane aMtamAM kartAe "prAstAvika' ane upasaMhAra' mUkyA che. baMnemAM kevaLa be pAtro- "strI ane puruSa bhAga le che. A pAtro nATakanI vastughaTanAmAM bhAga letAM nathI. A tema ja A patronA udgAro jotAM te kaMIka aMze grIka nATakamAMnA *Chorus' 247 2490 1125Hirl Chroniclers 'H Hodi heya tema lAge che. nATakanI vastughaTanA upara, ane temAM AlekhAyelAM pAtro upara "strI ane puruSa" thoDA paNa sacoTa zabdomAM pitAnA ane sau koI vAMcanAranA abhiprAya darzAve che. A "strI " ane "puruSa'no nATakanI kathA sAtheno saMbaMdha bIjI rIte paNa tapAsavA jevo che. "prAstAvikamAM teonA saMvAda uparathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke baMne A nATakamAM varNavela bhaSmanA AtmatyAganA vRttAMtathI ane matsyagandhAnA tapa karavAnA nizcayathI pari cita che, paNa baMne pAtronA nATakanI vastunA paricayamAM phera che. masyagaMdhAnI premakathAne ke aMta Ave che te puruSa' jANe che. strI ne nA Takane keTaleka aMza, "paraSane te AkhuM nATaka punaruta

Page #160
masyagandhA ane gAMgeya 151 jevuM thaze. Ama karavAnuM zuM kAraNe hazekadAca, kartAne vicAra vastunirdeza athavA vastuprabhAva karavAnI navIna saraNuM grahaNa karavAnuM hoya. "puruSa' eka vakhata nATaka joI gayo, ane pachI bIjI vakhata "strI ne sAthe laI te ja nATaka jovA Avyo hoya, prekSAgAramAM besIne nATakanI zarUAta thayA pahelAM nATakamAM zuM zuM Avaze te badhuM "trIne kaheto hoya, AvI kaMIka sthiti "strI'-puruSanI jaNAya che. vAta pUrI thaI rahyA pahelAM ja nATaka zarU thAya che. "zrI" paNa nATakanA vRttAMtanI zarUAtathI paricita thaI gayelI hovAthI-ane pelI vanakumArI madhurIne maLaze, kharuM ne?" ema pUchI potAne ane vAcakavargane - nATakanI kathA kema zarU thavAnI che tene nirdeza kare che. nATayavastune prastAva ke nirdeza karavAnI A saraNI kartAnuM ekAMkI nATakakAra tarIkenuM nipuNya sUcave che. A lekha puro karavA pahelAM eka bAbata tarapha dhyAna kheMcIza. kartAe gAMgeyanA moMmAM nIcenA udgAro mUkyA cheH "ghaNa rAjavIre evo baLAtkAra kare che ne hINa bhAgye zrIharaNanI prathA sarvamAnya gaNAI che, paNa stutya nathI. ethI ja kSAtrateja dina para dina ghaTavA mAMDayuM che. e narezAnA maMdiromAM saMpUrNa strIo ja nathI hotI, temanuM ardha strItva e baLAtkAraprasaMgamAM ja nAza pAme che. bAkI rahelAM khokhAM mAtra e narezonAM maMdiramAM vase che. UDI gayelA AtmA pachInA zaba peThe A abhiprAya uttama che, ane nATakamAM gAMgeyane matsyagandhA sAtheno saMbaMdha "strIharaNanI prathAne anusaro nahi hovAthI gAMgeyanA memAM uparanA ugAro ja gaNAya. paNa moTI uMmare kAzIrAjanI putrIo aMbA, aMbikA, aMbAlikAnuM kevaLa baLajarIthI haraNa karI AvanAra A ja gAMgeyanA mukhamAM mUkyA che tethI tenuM "mULa gaurava jarA ye ochuM" thatuM nathI chatAM bhISma pitAmahanA caritramAM asaMbaddhatA te ANe che. (kaumudI, julAI 1934)

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jaMbusvAmI rAsa Aje je pahelA graMthane paricaya ahIM ApavAne che te che mahopAdhyAya zrI yazovijayajI kRta "jabUsvAmI rAsa'. A kRtinuM saMpAdana Do. ramaNalAla cImanalAla zAhe karyuM che ane prakAzaka che zeTha nagInabhAI maMchubhAI jaina, sAhityoddhA, phaDa, surata. kimata rUpiyA che. prAcIna ke madhyakAlIna kRtionuM saMpAdanakArya zAstrIya pravRtti rUpanuM che. ApaNe tyAM mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTInI prAcIna gujarAtI graMthamALAmAM prakAzita thayelI kRtionA saMpAdanamAM De. bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe zAstrIya cIle pADI Apyo che. AvA saMpAdanamAM graMthakartAnA deza, kAla ane jIvana tema ja anya kRtio vize zakya teTalI upalabhya pramANasAmagrI ekaThI karIne zAstrIya paddhatie nirUpaNa thavuM joIe. kRtinI hastapratanI zAstrIya rIte vigatavAra mAhitI apAvI joIe. e kRti je sAhityaprakAramAM samAveza pAmatI hoya te sAhityaprakAra ke svarUpanuM aitihAsika vikAsarekhAo dorIne nirUpaNa thavuM joIe. A bAbatamAM kyAMya paNa vidvAnomAM matabheda hoya to tenuM paNa samAkalana ane samAdhAna karavAno yathAvakAza yatna thayo he joIe. kRtinA pAThabheda noMdhAvA joIe. A uparAMta vivaraNAtmaka ke vivecanAtmaka TippaNa paNa heya ane zabdonI vyutpatti ane arthacchAyA rajU karatI zabdasUcI ke keza paNa hoya. - Do. ramaNalAla zAhe zAstrIya paddhati svIkArIne ja A kRtinuM saMpAdana karyuM che. prastAvanAnA AraMbhamAM mahApAdhyAyazrIyazovijayajInuM '

Page #162
jabUsvAmI rAsa 53 janmasthaLa uttara gujarAtamAM mahesANAthI pATaNane raste dhINoja gAmathI cAreka mAIlane aMtare AveluM kaDuM gAma hatuM ema pradhAnapaNe "sujasavelI bhAsa" nAmanI kRtine AdhAre darzAvyuM che. tene pitAnuM nAma nArAyaNa ane mAtAnuM nAma sabhAgade hatuM. nAnA jasavantakumArane saru navijyajInA upadezathI vairAgyavRtti jAgI ane teNe aNahilapura jaIne te guru pAse dIkSA laI yazavijyajasaviya-nAma dhAraNa karyuM. kartAnA janma-samayanA praznamAM be paraspara virodhI pramANe upalabdha che tenI carcA karIne zrI yazovijayajIne janma saMvata 1979-80mAM thayela hovo joIe evuM anumAna saMpAdake karyuM che. jIvananirUpaNa karatAM Do. zAhe zrI yazovijyajInI asAdhAraNa smaraNazakti vize pracalita daMtakathAne ullekha karyo che. zrI yazovijayajI vidyAbhyAsa mATe kAzImAM traNa varSa rahyA hatA. tyAM temaNe nyAya, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, vaizeSika ityAdi darzanano abhyAsa karyo hato ane nyAyavizArada ane tArkika ziromaNinAM biruda paNa pAmyA hatA. vidyAbhyAsa pUro karIne te amadAvAdamAM AvyA ane musalamAna sUbA mahobatakhAnanI samakSa aSTAdaza avadhAnane prayoga karI batAvyuM. zrI yazovijayajI ane AnaMdaghananA samAgamanI ane ahobhAvavRttithI zrI yazovijayajIe racelI aSTapadInI carcA saMpAdake karI che. zrI yazovijyajIno svargavAsa DabhoImAM saM. 1743mAM thaye haze ema sujavelI bhAsa'ne AdhAre sUcavyuM che. te pachI zrI yazovijayajInI - saMskRta-prAkRta racanAo vize tema ja gujarAtI bhASAmAM racelAM stavano, sabujhAyo, gIta, pada, rAso, saMvAdo vagere viSe mAhitI ApI che. A khaMDanA aMtamAM saMpAdake zrI yazovijayajInAM pAMDitya, tulanAzakti, sUkSma daSTi vagere viziSTa guNone biradAvate paMDita sukhalAlajIne abhiprAya TAMkyo che. kRtinA viSayabhUta zrI jabUsvAmI viSe saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ane gujarAtImAM racAyelI kRtione

Page #163
154 akSarA. nirdeza paNa karyo che. tyArapachInA khaMDamAM "jabUsvAmI rAsa'nuM vastu, e vastu upara purogAmI lekhakanuM RNa ane prabhAva vagere viSayonI carcA karatAM saMpAdaka neMdhe che ke zrI yazovijayajIe saM. 1738mAM zrI " ja busvAmI brahmagItA' nAmanI 29 kaDImAM vistarelI laghuracanA karI hatI. te pachI 1739mAM A rAsanI racanA temaNe karI. nirUpaNa-viSaya tarIke eka ja vyaktinuM jIvana svIkArAyeluM hovA chatAM A brahmagItA ane rAsanI vacce kalpanA, alaMkAra ke tarkanI dRSTie bahu sAmya nathI. jo ke koI virala dAkhalAmAM kalpanA ke zabdanuM sAmya najare Ave che. zrI yazovijyajIe "jabUsvAmI rAsanuM vastu hemacandrAcAryanA "trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra"nA pariziSTa parvamAM ApelA jaMbusvAmacaritra upara mukhyatve AdhArita karyuM che ema vidhAna karIne saMpAdake vigatavAra e baMne kRtimAM samAvAyelA prasaMgonI tulanAtmaka samIkSA karI che. tyArapachI saMpAdake A kRtinI sAhityakRti tarIke AlocanA karI che. temAM AvatI aneka ADakathAo ane temanI sArthakatA, zagArarasa ane zAMtarasanA Alekhana dvArA aMte saMyama ane vairAgyanA vijayanuM nirUpaNa, prasaMga-Alekhana ke pAtranirUpaNamAM aneka sthaLe vyakta thatI ucca koTinI kavipratibhA, upamA-ulTekSAdika alaMkAronI samRddhi vagere guNapaNe svIkAravA yogya lakSaNonuM yathAvakAza avataraNo ApIne saMpAdake sAruM nirUpaNa karyuM che. A kRti zrI yazovijayajInA potAnA hastAkSaramAM lakhelI upalabdha thaI che. tethI premAnaMdanA samayamAM gujarAtI bhASAnuM kevuM svarUpa haze e jANavAnuM pramANabhUta sAdhana ApaNane maLI rahe che. A kRtimAM pramANabhUta rIte sacavAyeluM bhASA-svarUpa dhyAnamAM letAM Aje upalabdha thatI premAnaMda kRtionI bhASAmAM keTalI vikRtio pesI gaI che e spaSTa rIte vyakta thAya che. zrI yazovijyajI vidyAbhyAsa mATe kAzI gayA hatA. te pachI AgrAmAM rahyA hatA. gujarAta uparAMta rAjasthAnamAM paNa jaina sAdhuo .

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jabUsvAmIAsa 155 vihare che te kAraNe A rAsAmAM paNa kyAMka kyAMka hiMdI ane mAravADI bhASAnI asara najare Ave che. prastAvanA pachI saMpAdake rAsanI vAcanA ApI che. kartAnA hastAkSaramAM ja maLelI prata uparathI vAcanA taiyAra karI che. tethI pAThAntarano saMkula prazna sadbhAgye ahIM Ubho thato nathI, jo ke keTaleka sthaLe kevaLa mAnavasulabha anavadhAnatAne kAraNe najIvA lekhanadoSa pratamAM najare Ave che. tenuM saMpAdaka tarkapura:sara saMskaraNa karI lIdhuM che. jemake pAMcamA adhikAranI 25mI kaDInA uttarArdhamAM "kAmadhAma lIlA uddAma, sakala kere vizrAma mAM "uddAma ne badale mULa pratamAM "udAsa" che te dekhItI rIte ja saMbhavita nathI. e ja adhikAranI 23mI kaDImAM na chuM viSayarasamana" ema mULa kRtinA pAThane sudhArIne "na chuM viSayarasalIna' svIkAryuM che e paNa yogya lAge che. ' rAsanI vAcanA pachI saMpAdake "sujasavelI bhAsa" ane tene. gadya anuvAda avatAryo che. A kRtimAM saMgrahAyelI vigato zrI yazovijayajInA jIvana vize mahatvanI mAhitI Ape che tethI abhyAsIene A khaMDa upayogI nIvaDaze. aMtamAM saMpAdake TIppaNuM ApyuM che, jemAM zabdonA artha ApIne DhAla ke duhAnuM mukhya vaktavya. ApavAmAM AvyuM che. te pachI kaMIka vizeSa Avazyaka vivaraNa mAgI letI hoya tevI kaDIonuM vivaraNa paNa karyuM che. * Ama A kRtinA saMpAdanamAM Do. ramaNalAla zAhe zAstrIya paddhatine svIkAra karyo che, je mahattvano muddo che ane A saMpAdanane adhikRta kRti tarIke rajU kare che. A paricaya samApta karyuM te pahelAM eka be muddAone ullekha karyuM. A kRtinI bhASA ane zabda-svarUpa madhyakAlIna rUpanAM vadhAre lAge che. udA. tarIke gokhanaI saMmukha sA gaI", "nRpa pUchaI dUu kuNahetI, "havaI jayasiri vANuM vadaI re, suNi piu sAcaI siddhi, guNarA jJAtA,

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156 akSa. nAgazrI paristhaM kahaI-re, kUTa kathA aprasiddha, raMgarA rAtA" vagere.. bhASAnuM svarUpa samajavAmAM sAhAsya Ape tevuM vyAkaraNa-vizeSe . karIne vibhaktipratyAnuM nirUpaNa ApyuM hota to vadhAre gya ane upakAraka nIvaData. bIju, TippaNamAM zabdonA paryAye ke artho ApavAne badale vyutpattinI dizAnuM paNa niyama tarIke sUcana karyuM hita te TippaNa paNa vadhAre ghAtaka nIvaData. kadAca Arthika maryAdAne kAraNe AvuM savyutpattika zabdArthadarzana zakya nahi banyuM heya. De. zAha yuvAna abhyAsI che. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna sAhityamAM ane tenA bhASAviSayaka parizIlanamAM bahu ochA abhyAsIone rasa paDe che. zrI zAhano A rasa cAlu rahe ane abhyAsa vadhAre gADha ane pariniSThita bane. (prabuddha jIvana, 1 phebruArI)

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nikaSa "artha noreDiyo- paricaya gujarAtI sAhityamAM pUjAlAla, suMdarama vagere kavioe zrI araviMdanA pUrNAganI upAsanAthI prabhAvita ane prerita thaI kAvyavANImAM potAnA bhAvo vyakta karyA che. A araviMda sAhityamAM zrI rajanIkAMta modIno nAnakaDe kAvyasaMgraha "artha umerAya che. A saMgrahamAM so kaDInA kAvya "ardha uparAMta bIjA nava nAnAM kAvya che. A badhAM kAvyo pUrNayoganI siddhine pAmelA zrI araviMdane caraNe ahobhAvA bhaktahRdayanI stutikusumAMjalirUpa che. A kAvyonuM kalevara ke adhidevatAnA varNana ke saMbodhananI paddhati ke bhaktahadayanA uddagAnI laDhaNuM prAcIna stotraprakArathI bhinna nathI. eka ja tuM" ane "muja aMtara gheluM gheluM re" ArajhavALAM UrmikAvyo che. bAlakrIDA" mAM lekhakanI "mahAbALakanI kalpanA cArutAvALI che. "saphaLa jhaMkhanAmAMnuM rUpaka sAmAnya hovA chatAM aucityavALuM che. paNa, saMgrahanuM sauthI lAMbuM ane pradhAna kAvya "artha' che. nirmaLa banI vAcakahRdayane sAtvikatAne anubhava karAvatuM "adhya' bhakti, prema, dInatA, prapatti vagere bhaktahRdayanA bhAvamaNakAnI mALArUpa che. anamaya keza, prANamaya keza ane manamaya keza A traNa bhUmikAothI para vikasatI vijJAnabhUmikAmAM mAnava AtmA ArUDha thAya to te bhUla-sUkSma dehanI vAsanAothI mukta thaI paricitano ane tenA AnaMdane sAkSAtkAra kare. e sAkSAtkAra zrI araviMda jevA pUrNa yogInI amI varSanI kRpAdaSTi ane preraNAthI zraddhA ane bhaktine baLe zakya bane. e dhanya anubhava thaye animiSa nayane nihALyA karuM pragaTatuM muja teja huM aMtare nayanajaLa ane huM TALyA karuM

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158 AvI kRtakRtyatA bhaktahRdaya mANe che. zrI modIe sa MskRta sAhityanI rUDha kalpanAo uparAMta Adhunika vijJAnanA kSetramAMthI paNa vicArakaNA laIne suMdara rUpake| ApyAM che, kAI kAI kaDImAM nAdamA apUrva sukumAratAvALu thayu che. A kaDIomAM sAMpradAyika ( ? - taMtrI ) satya ane kAvyanA sau nA AtmA ane deha baMnenA sau nA kevA-subhaga saMgama thayA che! akSarA paricita - girizRMgathI A paDe ura para jaladhAdha AnaMdanA kacama prabhu ! muja alpa zakti vaDe jhIlavI prakhara veganI spandanA -31 uDatI salila - sIkare dheAdhanI hRdayamahI vibhinnatA pAmatI dhavala - kiraNa - maMjarI kheAdhanI . surapati dhanura'ga bichAvatI 32. - kAvyamAM je bhAvasa'zuddhi (Sincerity) che te vANImAM prasAdarUpe pratikRlita thAya che. mandAkinI vRttanA layamAM kharekhara puSpitAgratva che. ane tethI gaMbhIra ke kAmaLa bhAvAne nirADakhara rIte AA vyakta karavAmAM zrI modIne bahu anukULatA sAMpaDI che. sa'skArapUta kAvya sarvathA AvakArapAtra che. ( ola inDiyA reDiyA, muMbaI, tA. 3-11-46 )

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granthacica (gItAdhama ane bIjA e) Aje mAre traNa pustakeAnI samAlAcanA karavAnI che. e pustake che. gItAdhama ' kartA-kAkAsAheba kAlelakara, navajIvana prakAzanamadira, amadAvAda, 2 : 'dariyA sAra`ga' kartA-guNavaMtarAya AcAya veArA enDa kaoNMpanI, mu`baI, 3 : turAna zamyu'. lekhaka-kizAra mAMkaDa, rAjakoTa. A traNa pustakAnI A kramamAM ja samIkSA karIzuM. bhagavadgItA mahAna graMtha che. te sarva upaniSadanA sArarUpa manAya che. vedAntadanamAM prasthAnatrayImAM ene sthAna apAyu che. gItAmAM nirUpAyelA ceAgazAstranu mahattva ke mUlya keTaluM haze te teA mahAbhAratamAM ja tenA anukaraNa rUpe racAyelI anugItA ja batAvI Ape che. grItAnuM kalevara paNa Adhu kAmaNu karanAruM' nathI nIvaDayuM. bhagavadgItAnA anukaraNarUpe sakhyAbaMdha khIjI gItA paNa racAI che! gItA pradhAnapaNe AdhyAtmika graMtha che. ane jIva, jagata ane IzvaranAM svarUpa ane sabadhAne nirUpavAnI sAthe parama tattvanI prApti mAMTenA judA judA upAyA ke mArga sUcave che ema haMmezAM manAtuM AvyuM che. A dRSTithI gItA upara aneka AcAryAe bhAgye racyAM che ane TIkAkArAe TIkApraTIkAo racI che. paraspara vibhinna darzananA puraskAra karatA bhASyakArA ane TIkAkArA badhA ja bhagavad gItAmAM peAtAnA matanuM sama na zodhe che, ane samaya jatAM gItAnuM va sva, tenu AkaSa Nu vadhatuM ja cAlyu. che. te eTale sudhI ke Aje te! bhAratIya saskRti ane jIvanadRSTinA pramANabhUta graMtha tarIke bhagavadgItAne ja svIkArAtI joIe chIe. arvAcInakALamAM ApaNI

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160 akSara saMskRtinuM saMskaraNa ane abhinava arthadarzana thaI rahyuM che tyAre gItAno ja Azraya pradhAnapaNe levAte najare Ave che. lokamAnya TiLake karmayogane siddhAMta samajAvI prajAne taMdrAmAMthI DhALavAne yatna karyo. gAMdhIjIe anAsaktiyoga ane ahiMsAnA mArganuM. samarthana karyuM, zrI araviMde pUrNa yogano puraskAra gItAne Azcarya karyo. gItAne rAjadharmanA graMtha tarIke ghaTAvavAno prayatna paNa thaye che. zrI vinobAjI, kAkA kAlelakara, kizoralAla mazarUvALA, mahAdevabhAI desAI vagere gAMdhIjInA darzanane apanAvatAM mImAMsakee gItA dvArA sarvodayane siddhAMta samajAvyo che. bhagavadgItA AvAM bhinna vibhinna arthadarzanene jhIlI zake che kAraNa ke, kAkAsAhebe kahyuM che te pramANe, " gItAgraMtha eka jIvata vyakti che,' kevaLa graMtha nathI, mATe ja anya graMthonI peThe aitihAsika maryAdAo tene naDatI nathI. keI paNa mahAna graMtha vize A sAcuM che. keI paNa mahAna graMthanI mahattA temAM hArdirUpe vasatAM mArmika jIvanadarzanamAM rahelI hoya che, ane tethI ja zrIkRSNanI peThe samAdhi. yune guH yuge yuge navI navI arthachAyAo dhAraNa karI zake che. gItAnA mULa upadezane vaLagI rahIne navI daSTithI navA arthe temAM jevA emAM satyano droha nathI, paNa baMnenI kRtArthatA che. gItAnuM dudhAmRta pIne jenI manobhUmikA banI che ane poSAI che, tene gItAnA jeTalo ja vyApaka saMdeza samajAvIne kahevAno adhikAra che. A zabdomAM yugAnurUpa abhinava artha ke arthacchAyAvALuM gItAnuM vivaraNa karavAnA adhikArane nyAya dAva karIne kAkAsAheba gItAne samAjazAstranA graMtha tarIke nirUpe che. gItAne samAjajIvananA tema ja vaiyaktika jIvananA mArgadarzaka graMtha tarIke samajavI e gItAnA mULa uddezane anukULa ja che. arjunane viSAda ane zrIkRSNa ane arjuna vacceno saMvAda aitihAsika che ke na he, kAkAsAheba te e prasaMgane rUpakAtmaka ja mAne che. paNa jIvanamAM kartavya-akartavyanI

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granthaparicaya 161 6 AMTIghUMTI ukelavAnA mArga zrIkRSNe arjunane samajAvyA che. eTaluM ja nahi ' leAkasaMgraha ' upara, samAjasevA upara paNa bhAra mUkayo che. kAkAsAheba gItAmAM brahma eTale vyApaka samAjasevA ane brahmanI upAsanA eTale samAjanI sevA, samAjanI zuddhi ane samRddhinuM kA evA kare che paNa emanI sAmAjika dRSTi samAjavAdI ' seAzyAlisTa ' ke sAmyavAdI kAmyunIsTa ' dRSTi nathI, sarvAdayadraSTi che. kadAca sarverdayanA siddhAMtane anusaranArAo ane sarvAdayapravRtti karanArAone paNa yAda devaDAvavAnI jarUra che ke kAkAsAhebanI dRSTie samAja eTale kevaLa mAnavasamAja nahi, paNa A vizvamAM rahelA jIvamAtra che, leAkazAhI 'DemekresI 'nuM dhyeya * dhI greTesTa guDa ph dhI greTesTa naMbara ' jhAjhAnuM jhAjhAmAM jhAjhu` hita ' gaNAyu che. sarvodayadaSTi A maryAdita dhyeyanAM bhayasthAne jue che ane tethI dhI greTesTa guDa Ak eTala'* saunuM jhAjhAmAM jhAjhuM hita ' karavAnuM dhyeya svIkAre che. paNa A saumAM prANImAtrane samAveza karatI dRSTi bhagavadgItAnI dRSTi che, viziSTa bhAratIya diSTa che. 6 C ' < kAkAsAhebe cAtu Nya ane AzramavyavasthAne tenI utpatti ane vikAsane sAmAjika dRSTie tapAsyAM che. mahAbhAratanA eka vidhAnane anusarIne kAkAsAheba kahe che ke - mULa kalpanA pramANe sAmAjika javAkhadArI sapUrNa paNe samajanArA ane samAjasevAnuM peAtAnuM kartavyU pAra pADavAvALA je mAnavaprANI te brAhmaNa che. te pachI sAmAjika javAbadArInI bAbatamAM zithila athavA mada ane peAtAnA ja rAMkucita sAdhyane vize atyaMta utsuka evA je bahujanasamAja rahyo tenuM nAma vaizya' paDayuM. brAhmaNamAM jyAre sevAthI ane svArtha tyAgathI samAjane zuddha ane tejasvI rAkhavAnI zraddA ane dhIraja na rahI eTale peAtAnA sAmarthya thI-baLathI khIjAAne dAkhamAM rAkhavAnI vRttivALA kSatriya utpanna thayA ane 6 a. 11

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162 akSara samAjamAM asaMskArI rahelo ane paricaryAnuM ja kAma karanAro varga zudra kahevAyA. gItAmAM cAturvaryanI sAthe sAthe te varNana karmadhaMdhAo-ne ullekha che. kAkAsAheba AnuvaMzika dhaMdhAnA praznanuM vivecana karIne A prathAmAM rahelA samAja-svAthyanA guNa upara najara pherave che. AjanA vyakti svAtaMtryana ane harIphAI "kepITITIva sosAyaTI nA vAdo pratye aruci darzAve che. temanuM sutra che ke kaI paNa vyakti keI paNa dhaMdho kare te teNe samAjahitane najara AgaLa rAkhIne samAjahita sadhAya evI rIte ja karavo joIe. samAna dhaMdhAdArI ke eka varNanA leke vacce jIvanasahakAra vizeSa pramANamAM zakya che. eka ja varNamAM dIkarI paraNAvavAnI prathA pAchaLa paNa AvI sAmAjika saMsthatA baLa tarIke kAma kare che. jo ke varNAntaranAM lagna thAya che tethI anAcAra thayo che ema na ja kahevAya ema kAkAsAheba spaSTa kare che. AzramavyavasthAmAM vAnaprasthAzrama pratye kAkAsAheba sAmAjika prajananI dRSTie sAzaMka che. temAM kevaLa vyaktinI saMnyAsagrahaNa mATenI pUrvataiyArInAM ja temane darzana thAya che. paNa mane lAge che ke ahIM vyaktinA utkarSa-apakarSanI bAbatamAM sUgano atireka thAya che. ane samAjanI aMgabhUta vyaktione amuka samudAya jIvanane saMyamaniSTha banAvavAne tatpara bane che te paNa samAjanA hitamAM sahAyarUpa bane che ema mAnavuM vadhAre gya che. kAkAsAhebe vAnaprasthAzrama eTale keTaleka aMze khAnagI jIvanane sameTI laIne sArvajanika sevA karavAne vakhata ema sUcavyuM che. - A pustakano moTo bhAga gItAnA soLamA adhyAyamAM daivI saMpattinAM lakSaNo je pahelI najare vaiyaktika saMzuddhi ane sAtvika saMpattinAM lakSaNo manAya che tenuM samAjadharmanI daSTie arthadarzane karavAmAM rokAyo che. jene saMskRtinA AdhArastaMbha kahI zakAya evA sAmAjika guNanI mAvajata bahu ja khabaradArIthI karavI paDe che. tethI

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granthaparicaya 163 ja e guNone samAjanI daivI saMpattinuM nAma maLeluM che, evI A guNonI vyAkhyA kAkAsAheba Ape che. abhaya, satvasaMzuddhi, kSamA, Arjava, hI, acApala, ahiMsA vagere guNone samAjika viniyoga zI rIte karAya ane samAjane saMzuddha ane samRddha banAvavAmAM enI keTalI AvazyakatA che, tenuM vivaraNa buddhipUta ane vyavahArapUta daSTithI karAyuM che. kAkAsAheba zAstrasaMpana ane vyavahAravi mImAMsaka che. emanI viSayanirUpaNanI paddhati kaThaNa ke karkaza nathI. vihetI zailImAM taddana svAbhAvika rIte vaNAI jatA alaMkAra ane udAharaNa dvArA vAcakane rocaka ane pratItikara lAge tevI che. A siddhahasta nibaMdhakAranI daSTinI ane zailInI abhijAtatA A nAnA paNa mUlyavAna pustakane Aga guNa che. A preraka ane pathya vicArasabhara (graMtha ?). samAja AcaraNamAM mUkate thAya te ! chelle eka nAnI paNa sUcaka vAtano ullekha karI laIe. sAmyavAdI pakSanA netAne hAthe AgItAdhama lakhAyo che. vyAse gaNapati pAse samajyA vinA na lakhavuM evI zarata karAvI hatI tevI koIpaNa zarata kAkAsAhebe paNa A gaNeza pAse karAvI hatI ke ! bIju pustaka che guNavaMtarAya AcAryakRta navalakathA "dariyAsAraMga. guNavaMtarAya AcArya lokapriya vArtAlekhaka tarIke sArI rIte jANItA che. jUnI atihAsika vAtomAM rasa che. "dariyA"nuM AkarSaNa ajaba jevuM che. kaccha, saurASTra ane gujarAtanI sAgarakheDa kAmo ane temanA sAhasapradhAna jIvanaprasaMgoe emanA sarjana mATe bahoLI saMbhAra pure pADyo che. dariyAsAraMga paNa A ja prakAranI navalakathA che. lekhaka kahe che ke A kathA e etihAsika navalakathA ja che, ane ughADI AMkhe, ughADA kAne ane kasabadAra hAthe yuropanI musApharI karanAra eka sAhasika vIra musApharanI kathA A pAnAMomAM che A vIra musAphara te kathAnAyaka rAmasaMga vAghelo. lekhake AkhI navalakathA rAmasaMganA mukhamAM ja mUkI che. te pitAnA vistIrNa

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164 akSara jIvanaTamAM lakhAyela anubhavenA tANAvANune smRti dvArA ukela darzAvyo che. 180 pAnAnI A navalakathA cAra prakaraNamAM vahecAI che. dvArakAmAM pAMca-cha varasane rAmasaMga tarabhovanadAdA pAsethI vidyA meLave che. khAMTanI chokarI sAthe enAM lagna thAya che. vasAIne kiTale marAThAonA AkramaNa chatAM aNanama ja rahyo che. e killAne bhAMgavA mATe jatA vAghera yuvAno sAthe rAmasaMga paNa jAya che. tene jIva. kArIgarano jIva che. vasAInA killAne te suraMga dvArA uDAvI de che. paNa pote cha mahinAne khATale paDe che. doDheka varasa pachI dvArakA pAche vale rAmasaMga potAnI pariNItA nonabAIne bIjA sAthe paraNuM gayelI jotAM nirAza thAya che. doDha varasane vAyado karIne A kArIgara valasADa jatAM rastAmAM vahANa tUTavAthI phiraMgIonA vahANamAM bacAvI levAya che. phiraMgI kaptAnane mahemAna bane che. tyAM kAcanI banAvaTanuM kAma jANune pAcho dvArakA Ave che. tyAM nAnabAI mATe ekale pacAsa vAghero sAthe laDavA taiyAra thAya che ane traNa goLA phADIne vAgherone nasADI mUke che. pachI nAnabAI sAthe somanAthanA maMdiranA jIrNoddhAranA kAmamAM sahakAra ApavA jAya che, paNa marAThI rAjavIonA kalahone lIdhe e kArya thatuM nathI. tyAMthI rA' lAkhAjI sAthe kaccha jAya che ane paheluM kAcanuM kArakhAnuM mAdhAparamAM nAkhe che. pUnAmAM paNa tenI kArIgarIne koI sAtha ApatuM. nathI. pharI pAcho te yuropanI saphare upaDe che. bejIyamanI kArIgarI vakhANe che. ane aMte kacchamAM AvI avanavA hunnaronAM kArakhAnAM nAkhe che. eka yaMtramAM tenI priyA nAnabAI akasmAtathI kacaDAI jAya che. ane vArtA pUrI thAya che. A vArtAne samaya aitihAsika dRSTie megale pachI hiMdupatA pAdazAhI AvI tyAra che. e samayanI rAjyanI khaTapaTo ane dezanI astavyasta sthitinuM nirUpaNa pazcAbhUmi tarIke ThIka kAma Ape che. paNa te uparAMta A vArtAne etihAsika kahevAnuM bIjuM kAraNa

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granthaparicaya 165 nathI jaNAtuM. rAmasaMga jevI keAI aitihAsika vyakti hatI ke nahIM tenI mane pitAne jANa nathI eTaluM svIkArI lauM chuM. paNa hoya to paNa A navalakathA "romAMcaka" ane behUdI ghaTanAo ane akasmAtone lIdhe nathI etihAsika rahetI, nathI navalakathA rahetI. ane AtmakathAnA ghATamAM mUkavAthI vaLI maryAdAe ladAya che. rAmasaMganuM pAtra koI spaSTa ane surekha chApa pADI zakatuM nathI. tarabhovanadAdA jevAM gauNa pAtro vadhAre camakadAra banyAM che. lekhakanI nATayAtmaka tatvanI sUjha "DrAmeTIka sensa' ghaNe sthaLe varatAya che. rAmasaMga saMskRta vAMcatAM zIkhele paNa keTalIya vAra enI (bhASA) paMDitane paNa mUMjhavI nAkhe tevI saMskRtapracura che. A kRti navalakathA tarIke bhAgye ja saphaLa gaNAya. trIju pustaka che kizora mAMkaDa kRta "tuphAna zamyuM. zrI mAMkaDano A prathama prayAsa che. ane te paNa mULa aMgrejImAM lakhelA nATakane gujarAtImAM rUpAMtarita karavAno. pahelA prayAsanI badhI kacAza A nATakamAM che ema kahevuM joIe. vaktavya game tevuM udAtta hoya paNa tenuM kalevara ane ghaDatara kalAtmaka na hoya te sAcI kalAkRti na sarjAya. nATaka bhAgye ja bhajavI zakAya tevuM che. keTalAka pravezamAM be premIonI vANI ane vartanamAM Aveza sivAya kazuM dekhAtuM nathI. zrI mAMkaDa pAse bhASAprabhutva che, vANInuM lAlitya paNa che. A utsAhI lekhaka khaMtathI sAhitya pAsanA kare to bhaviSyamAM sArI kAvyakRtie avazya ApI zake. (AkAzavANI muMbaI, 17 phebruArI, 1lpa8)

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graMtha-samAlocanA (traNa vizeSAMke ane bIjA) AjanI samAlocanA mATe maLelAM pustakamAMthI traNa te sAmayikanA aMke che. zarUAtamAM e aMkAnI TUMkamAM samIkSA karI laIzuM. buddhiprakAza'ne kaTobara-Disembara aMka jotAM jaNAya che ke chellAM 86 varSa thayAM gujarAtI sAhityadevInI avicchinne upAsanA karatuM ane gujarAtanA saMskArone poSatuM A patra Aje ya saMgIna pravRtti karI rahyuM che. kAvya, nATaka, aitihAsika saMzodhana, vyutpattizAstra, rekhAcitra vagere vividha bhAtanA lekho A aMkamAM maLe che. premAnaMdane nAme caDeluM raSadarzikA satyabhAmAkhyAnanATaka kezavalAlabhAIe saMzodhita karelA svarUpamAM "buddhiprakAza' kramazaH chApe che teno eka khaMDa A aMkamAM maLe che. saMzodhanakAryamAM sva. kezavalAlabhAInA pAMDitya ane tulanAzaktinI jene jANa haze tene to A ullekha mAtrathI A lekhanI viziSTatA samajAze. De. pItAmbaradAsa mIrA ane vallabhAcArya e baMne vacceno saMbaMdha kevo hato, teonI bhaktinA svarUpano bheda, mIrA' ke "mIrAM" A bemAMthI kharuM nAma karyuM? mIrAnI vyutpatti zI ? vagere prazno potAnA be anuvAdita lekhamAM carce che. zrI ravizaMkara rAvaLanuM bhAvabhInI vANImAM kalAkAra tapasvI nikolasa rorIkanA jIvananuM rekhAdarzana, zrI kanaiyAlAla davene "pATaNanA phArasI zilAlekho ane zrI bApAlAla vaidyano "kAlidAsanI vanaspati, Asima rAMderI vagere lekho A aMkane samRddha kare che. chelle khAsa nirdeza karavAne lekha te zrI rAmalAla cu. medIne kAnhaDadeprabaMdha-samIkSA ane pati "kAnhaDade prabaMdha ne vyutpattizAstranI kasoTIe caDhAvate, zabdanA rUparUpAMtaranA ItihAsane ukelata,

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graMtha-samAcanA 167 vyutpattinA praznonA pramANanA purAvAonI sArAsAratAne toLIne nirAkaraNa karato A maNake A aMkanuM ojasvI aMga che. AMTha dasakeya yauvananuM jema dhAratA "buddhiprakAza'ne paDache gujarAta saMzAdhana maMDaLanA saimAsikano jAnyuArI. aMka sojAta bALaka jevo lAge che. chatAM ezaArAmI gujarAtane pitAnA saMskAradhananI oLakha karavAnI ke tene baDhAvavAnI tamannA atyAre paNa che e A maMDaLanI sthApanA ane maMDaLanA trimAsika dvArA sAbita thAya che. A aMkamAM De. hIrAnaMda zAstrI vaDodarA sTeTanA purAtattvakhAtAe cha varasanA jIvanakALamAM zI zI pravRtti karI che tene mAhitI bharelo ahevAla Ape che. pro. majamudAre gujarAtI sAhityamAM bAramAsI gIta upara saMkSipta lekha lakhyo che. bAramAsI gItonuM etihAsika daSTie svarUpa-nirUpaNa vastunI, rasanI ane paristhitinI daSTie dekhAtI vividhatA vagereno sparzamAtra karyo che. A viSaya svataMtra savistara nirUpaNa mAge che ema darzAvavAmAM A lekhanI viziSTatA rahI che. A aMkanAM lagabhaga poNA bhAganAM pAnAM to zrI e. bI. trivedInA "kAThiyAvADanA AjanA udyogo' e nAmanA mahAkAya lekhamAM vaparAyAM che. temAM AvelI vigato, mAhitI ane AMkaDAnI madadathI karavAmAM AvelAM nirUpaNa uparathI ApaNA audyogika vikAsamAM rasa lenArAone atiupayogI kahI zakAya. - A be aMke saMzodhana pradhAna che, jyAre trIje sarjanapradhAna che. amadAvAdathI gati-rekhA kAryAlaya taraphathI prakAzita karavAmAM AvatA mAsika "rekhAno chaThTho aMka sarjananI ane sAMprata sthitinuM bayAna ApatI vividha vAnIo pIrase che. e vAnIomAM tamatamATa che, nIrasa banI gayelI rasanAne punaruddIpita karavAnI zakti che. zrI navalarAma trivedIe "prabhutAmAM pagalAM" nAmanI TUMkI vArtAmAM sabaLa ane sacoTa kaTAkSathI jIvanamAM AMdhaLe baheruM kevI rIte kUTAya

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168 akSaNa che te batAvyuM che. pAMca upara mUkavAne badale cAra upara mUkAI gayelA elArmanA avAjathI rajanalAlanA ghara karatAM paNa manamAM ke kSobha thAya che, te potAnA bhUtakALanAM svapnAMo sAthe vartamAna paristhitine visaMvAda nihALI khinna thAya che-odhe bharAya che, ane chevaTe jyAre elArma ja khoTuM mukAyeluM ema ene jANa thAya che tyAre A banAvamAM potAnA jIvananuM sAmya nihALe che! vArtAmAM raMjanalAlanI manodazAnuM, krodha, tiraskAra, kaTAkSa, ukaLATa-AzAnirAzA vagere bhAvanuM-sacoTa Alekhana thayuM che ane kaTAkSane aMza sArA pramANamAM hovAthI e Alekhana jIvaMta thayuM che. svastha vyavahAru patnInI sAme A Adarzone jIvanamAM utAravA niSphaLa thayelI ". traNa DIgrI ane pAMca chokarAM" meLavanAra paristhiti sAme baMDa uThAvanAra raMjanalAlanuM pAtra vadhAre UThI nIkaLe che. * zrI yaMtI dalAlanA nATaka "aMdhArapaTa mAM "zRMgane nAda" AjanA jagatamAM je sAmAjika avyavasthitatA, dalitonI durdazA, jJAna ane saMskArane abhAva, rAjapuruSonA kaMI kaMI svArtha mATe yuddha khela, temAM homAtI nirdoSa mAnavatA, e badhAMnI nIce kacaDAtI vyakti-A aMdhakAramaya paristhitinuM darzana karAve che ane aMdhakArane ja TevAI gayelAM, prakAzathI DaratAM, unnatine kAje hAma bhIDavAnI hoMza vinAnAM haiyAMne paDakAra kare che. te uparAMta zrI manasukhalAla jhaverI, zrI muralI ThAkura vagerenA lekho che, paNa samayasaMkocane lIdhe enA nAmanirdezathI ja saMtoSa mAnavo rahyo. "rekhA"nI eka viziSTatA tarapha dhyAna kheMcI lauM. temAM AvatAM kaTAkSacitro. ApaNA A prakAranA mAsikamAM A anokhuM aMga gaNAya. mAruM gAmaDuM"-kartA babalabhAI prANajIvanadAsa mahetA, gujarAtI vidyApITha, amadAvAda. prakAzaka nivedanamAM jaNAvyuM che ke 1933-34mAM mahAtmAjIe jyAre grAmasevAnI hAkala karI tyAre A pustakanA kartAe e hAkala jhIlI ane te "mAsara gAmamAM gayA. e 900

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graMtha-samAlocanA 169 mANasanI vastIvALA gAmaDAmAM lekhake potAne grAmoddhArane Adarza siddha karavA traNa varasa gALyAM, te daramiyAna tyAM vasatI bAriyA kAma-jene lokavANIe " mAsarAnA lake eTale vAta choDe mArA bhAI! bahu mastIkhora, corIlUMTa enuM ja kAma" evo cukAdo ApI dIdhuM che ane jene gunegAra koma TharAvIne sarakAre A cukAdAnI upara potAnI mahora mArI hatI te bAraiyA komanI vacce rahI, temanI Arthika apadazA, ghora ajJAna, vahema, vyasana, rUDhi-rivAjo, devAdArI vagere-TUMkamAM tenA bAhya ane AMtara jIvanane joyuM tenuM ane tene unata karavA mATe pote je je prayAso karyA tenA rIporTa jevuM A pustaka che. grAmasevA karanArane kevI kevI muzkelIo veThavI paDe, saikAo thayA ajJAna ane vahemanA popaDAmAM ja rUMdhAI gayelI lokonI jIvanapraNAlIne mukta karavAmAM, zuddha karavAmAM loko taraphathI ja kevAM vidano UbhAM thAya ane evA badhA pratikULa saMjogomAM paNa grAmasevaka potAnI sAcadilI, nikhAlasatA, dakSatA ane kartavyaniSThAthI temane vaza karavAnI kevI zakti dAkhavI zake tene khyAla ApaNane ahIM maLe che. ane atizayoktinA oLA vinA ja ApeluM ApaNA gAmaDAnuM citra kevuM kaMgAliyatavALuM ane dayAjanaka che! polIsa ke talATInA nAmamAtrathI bhaDakI UThatI, gAmanA vANuA zAhukArane potAnuM sarvasva arpaNa karyA chatAM tenI ja dayA upara nabhatI, dArU ane hukakAne bhoga thaI paDelI,bhuvAo ane vahIvaMcAonI dabhI jALamAM phasAI paDelI, jaNadITha sarerAza rojanI Avaka 16 pAI ane kharca 23 pAIvALI-mAsarAnI vastInuM A citra keTaluM karuNa che ! ane te chatAM sAcI vRttivALA dezasevaka potAnI ja raheNIkaraNa dvArA kevaLa core UbhIne bhASaNa karIne nahi-A lekane -samajIne, temane keLavaNI, jJAna ane saMskAra ApavA prayatna Adare te dhIre dhIre paNa cokkasa rIte te kevI siddhi meLavato jAya che e A pustakamAMthI ApaNe jANI zakIe chIe.

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170 akSA jema sAcadilI ane samabhAva-A be guNe A pustakamAM pratibiMbita thatA lekhakanA vartanamAM vyApakarUpe rahyA che ane tene raNakAra AdithI aMta sudhI saMbhaLAya che, tema bhASA paNa e guNene vyakta karavAne samartha chatAM ADaMbara vinAnI ane pravAhI che. A pustakanI vastumAM jema mahAtmAjInA AdarzanI chApa che tema mahAtmAjInI preraNAthI ApaNI bhASAne saraLa, vahetI ane chatAM sAmarthyavALI karanAra navajIvana-saMpradAyanI chApa bhASA upara spaSTa dekhAya che. taLapadA zabdone kavacit prayoga thayo che paNa e te AvA pustakanuM dUSaNa bhAgye ja gaNI zakAya ane zailImAM je abhyAsanA mahAnibaMdha (Thesis)mAM joIe tevI zAstrIya taTasthatA nathI ane tethI je A pustakamAM khoTa AvI kahevAya te sAme pakSe eTaluM kabUlavuM joIze ke sAhityadaSTie ene lAbha ja thayo che. nAnAmoTA prasaMgonAM ucita zabdamAM AvelAM citro, varNanamAM saMvAdanI subhaga chAMTa, kyAMka kayAMka gauravabharyo upahAsa ke hamadardIvALo kaTAkSa-A vividhatAthI pustakanA kaI kaI bhAge te navalakathA jevA AkarSaka thayA che. gAmanI hATaDInA mAlika, Dila upara DagaluM nahi paNa DhIluM pocuM dhotiyuM ne enA upara cAMdIne kare, mAthe tela ghInA DAghathI taraboLa thayelI kALI banAtanI TopI, . kAna upara kalama ane bAjumAM DabA upara copaDe-A pitAnI kunehathI gAmaDA upara sAmrAjya bhogavatA "TekarakAkA ne eka vAra oLakhyA pachI zI rIte bhUlI zakAya ? tevI ja tAdazatAthI varNavela prasaMga bhUvAno. AvA AvA azathI pustaka rasika bane che ne sAthe sAthe mukhya Azaya paNa sacoTatAthI samajI zakAya che. AvA abhyAsa-nibaMdho vivekapuraHsara AvI zailIe lakhAya e IcchavA. jevuM che. samI sAMjano upadeza' (zrI dazavaikAlika sUtra)-saMpAdaka gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, prakAzaka zrI jana sAhitya prakAzana C/o

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graMtha-samAlAcanA 171 gujarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda. A zrI zayyabhava svAmInAM zrI dazavaikAlika sUtra nAmanA jaina dharmAMnA graMthane chAyAnuvAda che. zrI zayyaMbhava svAmInA putra manakanuM bhikSuka thayA pachI AyuSya cha mAsanuM ja hatuM tethI patipUrvaka badhAM zAstrA bhaNAvavAnuM bya hatuM. tethI zrI zaSya bhava svAmIe pu' graMthAmAMthI sAMjane vakhate je dasa adhyayanA tAravI kADhavAM ane manane bhaNAvyAM te daza-vaikAlika trA kahevAyAM. temAM bhikSukane dharmanuM tattva TUMkAmAM samajAvavAne Azaya che. ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapanAM svarUpe, bhikSune AcAra bhikSAcaryAM, vAkayazuddhinA prakAro, vinaya vagere viSayeA upara jaina dharmanA siddhAMtA ahI niSka rUpe ApavAmAM AvyA che, eTale jaina dharmanuyAyIone A graMthanI mahattA ane upayeAgitA saheje samajI zakAya tema che. dareka adhyayanane aMte nAMdha ApavAmAM AvI che tenI madadathI viSayanuM svarUpa vadhAre vizada thAya che. te ja pramANe pAribhASika zabdo ke viziSTa sapradAyagata arthAvALAM padezanuM paNa vivaraNa pAdaneAMdha tarIke apAyu che tethI A anuvAdanI leAkabhAgyatA vadhe che. upedghAtamAM zrI zayya bhava svAmInA kALa ane jIvanane prazna, A sUtreA racavAnuM kAraNa-dazakAlika de zavaikAlika kayu' nAma kharu? ane bhikSu saMsthAnA svarUpanuM nirUpaNu-vagere vividha muddAenI mAhitIbharI carcA karI che, graMthane aMte e cUDAe puti rUpe ApI che ane gujarAtI anuvAda sAthe keTalAMka prAkRta subhASitA paNu-dharmI, satya, ahiMsA vagere viSayo upara-ApyAM che tethI peAtAnA dharmonuM svarUpa ane rahasya samajIne pAlana karavAnI jainadharmI ene sagavaDa karI ApatuM upakAraka prakAzana gaNAya. OU cAra ekAMkI nATakA'-prakAzaka, maMtrI, gujarAta ragabhUmi pariSada, amadAvAda. gaye varase amadAvAdamAM raMgabhUmi pariSadanA upakramathI gayA DisembaranI 9mI ane 10mI tArIkha bhajavAyelAM

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17ra akSaro cAra nATakone ahIM ekatra chApyAM che. AmAMnA be zrI umAzaMkara jozInAM che ane ekeka zrI suMdarama ane zrI caMdravadana mahetAnuM che. zrI umAzaMkaranAM bemAMnuM paheluM nATaka "durgA" temanA "sApanA bhArA' nAmanA nATikA saMgrahamAMthI punarmudrita karavAmAM AvyuM che. brahmacaryanuM aDage pAlana karavAnA AdarzavALA ane te Adarzane siddha karavA mATe sarvasva arpaNa karavA taiyAra-evA patine panAre paDelI, patinA Adarzane jhIlavA mathatI chatAM sAmAnya jIvananI maryAdAothI para na thaI zakatI patnInA hRdayanI mathAmaNa A nATakanuM kendabhUta vastu che. sAta sAta varasa thayA patinA Adarzane pALatI chatAM strIhadayanI mAtRpadanI bhUkhane na rokI zakatI durgA. "eka divasa tame hArazo ane huM ane kudarata jItIzu" e AzAe eka ja de cinagArI'-evI prArthanA patine ane prabhune karI rahI che. haranAtha te pitAnA AdarzanI ucca bhUmikA uparathI durgAne hiMdanAM tetrIse koTI tArAM ja saMtAna che ne ! evuM sAMtvana Ape che. AthI te durgAnA hRdayane AghAta thAya che. haranAtha potAnA niyama pramANe pharavA cAlyA jAya che. durgAne eka tarapha AdarzanA gaganacuMbI DuMgara rUMdhI rahyA che. bIjI tarapha haranAtha bIjo pati karI levAnI chUTa Ape che chatAM samAjanAM dhoraNa ane pitAnI uccAzayavALI vRtti mArga roke che. AvI kSobhavALI sthitimAM durgAnI vAsanAne uttejita karatuM bihArInuM pAtra haranAthanA pratipAtra (counterfoil) jevuM rajU thAya che. bihArI sAthenA vArtAlApathI durgAnI vAsanA uddIpta thAya che te ja kSaNe haranAtha ekAeka AvIne eka tyajAyeluM bALaka lAvIne durgAne Ape che ane bhAkhe che: "le, tArI prArthanA phaLI." haranAthanA AdarzanuM A asAmAnya svarUpa pArthiva hRdayane kyAMthI saMtoSI zake? tene to A krura mazkarI ja lAgI. tema chatAM jyAre bihArIe haranAthane dUragAmI sthiti tarapha " jevA kahyuM tyAre vAsanAne tRpta karavA mATe game tevuM vartana na

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graMtha-samAcanA 173 karavAnI daDhatAvALI durgA haranAthanA AdarzanAM teja pharIthI jhIle che ane "ema to meM sAta varasa emanI sAthe kADhatyAM che" ema kahI haranAthane page Dhagalo thaI paDe che. | nATakamAM durgAnuM pAtra jema AkarSaka thayuM che tema kaMIka karuNatAbharyuM hovAthI ApaNe samabhAva mAgI le che. tenuM manovizleSaNa ane bhAvaparivartana haranAtha ane bihArInAM pAtrone sAmasAme cheDe rAkhIne karavAmAM AvyuM che, ane e rIte e pAtrane vikAsa pAmavAne avakAza apAyo che. haranAthanuM svastha, gauravabhaya pAtra nATakanA aMta bhAgamAM te AdarzanI uccatAne lIdhe bhavyatAe pahoMce che. bihArI te taratane vidhura thayelo vAsanAmaya jIva che. haranAthanI peThe brahmacaryane Adarza sevavAnI vRttithI e Avyo che, chatAM durgAnI kaparI sthitino lAbha levAnI lelupatA. sevato potAnI kSudratA pragaTa kare che. vastu AdithI aMta sudhI akhalita rahe che. patipatnInA saMvAda samaye bihArInuM jAgatA. hevuM, bihArInI patnInuM tAjetaramAM maraNa, haranAthanuM acAnaka pAchA AvavuM vagere aNadhAryA saMjogo vastune vega ApI eka sarakhI rIte vahevAmAM madada kare che. saMvAdo svAbhAvika che, pAtro ane temanI paristhitine anukULa rIte yojAyA hovAthI pAtravikAsa ke paristhitine ukela sAdhatA rahe che.

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paricayapustikA-pravRtti ApaNuM madhyakAlIna prajAjIvana sthitipradhAna hatuM ema kahIe. te AjanuM ApaNuM prajAjIvana gatipradhAna che ema kahI zakIe. AnuM, eka pariNAma e AvyuM che ke prajAnI jijJAsA khUlI che khUlI che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa, "yugatarasyA jagaka'nI peThe vaNachIpI ja rahetI najare Ave che. pacIsa-trIsa varSa pahelAMnI prakAzanapravRttinI sAthe AjanI prakAzana pravRttinI sarakhAmaNI karIe te Ane saheja khyAla Ave. navalakathAo ane TUMkI vArtAo svataMtra prakAzana pAmavA uparAMta sAmayikomAM paNa bahaLI saMkhyAmAM prakAzita thAya che. dainika, sAptAhika, mAsika vagere sAmayikomAM sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjakAraNIya, AMtararASTrIya viSayanAM nirUpaNa uparAMta vaijJAnika, arthazAstrIya ane sAhityaviSayaka lekhonI saMkhyA jotAM prajAne Aje jIvananA dareka kSetra vize jJAnaprAptinI kevI jhaMkhanA jAgI che te samajI zakAya che. Ajano jamAno sAyanTIphika TemparavALA, vaijJAnika mijAjavALe che. prajAne vijJAnanA hareka kSetramAM rasa paDe che ema sAmayikomAM pUchavAmAM AvatA prazno uparathI tAravI zakAya. prajAnI A utkaTa jijJAsAne saMtoSavAnI pravRtti comera hAtha dharavAmAM Ave tyAre bahALI pedAza thAya tenI sAthe ja guNavattAnuM dhAraNa nIcuM javAno bhaya Ubho thAya. prajAnI A mAnasika gatine pragatinuM svarUpa maLe e Avazyaka che, tene dizA maLavI joIe, mArgadarzana paNa maLavuM joIe. prajAnI vicArazaktine utteje, keLave, vizvasanIya mAhitI pUrI pADe ane suruci ane vivekazaktine vikAsa sAdhavAmAM sahAyabhUta thAya evI prakAzanapravRtti sarvathA AvakArapAtra gaNAya. "paricaya TrasTa taraphathI jAyelI "paricaya

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paricayapustikA-pravRtti 175 pustikA-pravRtti' A prakAranI AvakArapAtra pravRtti che. Aja sudhImAM A sauMsthAe prakAzita karelI pustikAonI saMkhyA ekaseAnI AsapAsa paheAMcI che. adhIkRta lekhA dvArA judA judA vijrayA vize sakSipta rUpanI mAhitI ApavI evI tema TrasTanA saoNMcAlakAe rAkhI che. vyAvahArika dRSTie DahApaNa-bharI tema che. batrIsa khatrIsa pAnAMnI sudhA chapAIvALI A pustikAAmAM nirUpAyelA viSayeAnu' vaividhya paNa kevuM che! temAMnAM keTalAMka zI ke A pramANe che: va mAnapatra kevI rIte taiyAra thAya che ? hRdayanI sabhALa, leAkazAhI ja zA mATe ? gharanI jIvAta, vevizALanI samasyA, sphuTanika ane rekeTa, suvAvaDa pahelAMnI sa`bhALa, jIva kayAMthI Avye ? cAmaDInI sabhALa, Telivijhana zuM che? bhADuta ane makAnamAlika, avakAzayAtrA, nakSatra paricaya, UdhavAnI kaLA, bALako kayAre. gunA kare che? sidhI sAhityamAM DAkiyu, bhAratIya saskRti zuM che ? dareka pustikAmAM te te viSayanA niSNAta ke abhyAsI lekhake sAmAnya vAcakavarga samajI zake tevI bhASA ane zailInI yeAjanA karIne sakSepamAM viSayanirUpaNa karyu che. eka muddA tarapha lakSa deravu' Avazyaka che ema lAge che. jema dharmanA kSetramAM 6takathAo ane purANakathAonA Dhaga sarjAyA hatA tema vijJAnanA kSetramAM evI purANakathA ke daMtakathAnI vRtti praveza na pAme te tarapha kALajI rAkhavI joIze. * jIva kayAMthI Avye ?' A prazna kevaLa bhautika vijJAna che ema vaijJAnikA paNa nizcita rIte Aje mAnatA nathI. vaijJAnika dRSTie utkrAMtinuM nirUpaNa karIne jaDa-nirjIva tattvAnI rAsAyaNika prakriyAthI cetananI utpatti thaI che e vidhAna hajI Aje upapattivALuM nathI, kalpanAne emAM emAM avakAza na hovA joie. paricayapustikane seTa dareka kuTu'khamAM vasAvavA yeAgya che ema kahI zakAya. ` (prabuddha jIvana, 16-2-63)

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cakavAmithuna (leka 23, paMkti 1nuM arthadarzana) A rasanirbhara kAvyanI surekhatA ane hArda samajAvatI TIkA sehenI 'e lakhI che. TIkA samartha hovA chatAM eka sthaLe sehenI e karelA arthadarzanathI bhinna arthane avakAza-ke AvazyakatA rahe che te ahIM darzAvuM chuM. ' "aMdhArAnA pralayajaLathI yAminI pUrNa dhora thavA mAMDe che te samaya "snehabAlI' cakravAkanuM. mithuna eha caDe AkAzamAM sthiti kare dinateja sakAzamAM. . ane "dhIme dhIme gati karI jata pazcimeM sUrya jema cheDI baMne grahaNa karatAM unnata sthAna tema." paNa, game teTaluM UMce caDyA chatAM ane tyAMthI paNa e cakravAkamithune joyuM ke udadhine ravibiMba have aDe. have zuM karavuM ? je viraha vaNasADavA mATe ATalo prayatna karyo te to AvI Ubho ! e veLA ati duHkhita thaI nisAsA nAkhatI cakravAkA kakaLI UThe che. pASANamAM nahi nahi have ApaNe, nAthe rahevuM, zAne AvuM, nahi nahi ja, re! ApaNe nAtha ! sahevuM? cAle evA sthaLa mahi, vase sUrya jemAM sadaiva, AnAthI ke adhika hadaye AduM jyAM heya daiva ?"

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cakravAkamithuna 177 * jarAka : A zleAkanA hArdanuM udghATana karatAM * sehenI ' lakhe che : cakravAkadaMpatIne kavie manuSyapremanI mUrti rUpa kahyuM che. e 6 patIneA anivAya viyeAga manuSyacitta ane manuSyasRSTikrama vaccenA virAdhanu ghaNuM vadhArelu biMba che. evA atyaMta virAdhamAM sacetana rahIne jIvavu azakaya che. cakravAkA bicArI manuSya hradayanI mAphaka UMDA, dIdha niHzvAsa nAkhIne jarAka pASANumayI, jarAka AchI rasatejahIna sRSTine mATe talase che.' A vivaraNamAM rahelA kAvyanA samagra dhvani nirdezana mATe ahI" kaI kahevAnuM nathI paNa chellA vAkayamAMthI lita thatA pASANAmAM nahi nahi have ApaNe, nAtha rahevuM" A caraNanA artha sarvathA sASakAraka nathI. A caraNamAM pASANamayI sRSTine mATe" " talasATa kayAM che? UlaTu TaLavaLatI cakravAkA tA kahe che : ' pASANAmAM nahi nahi have ApaNe nAtha, rahevuM. prathama te A. caraNanu vicArI laI e. rA. rAmanArAyaNa pAThake sapAti karelI. ' pUrvAlApa 'nI khIjI AvRttimAM A caraNa upara pramANe chApyuM che. temAMthI te sehenI'e karelA athathI UdheA ja artha nIkaLe che. paNa, jo ' pASANemAM' ane 'nahi nahi' e zabda pachI ardhavirAma mUkIne Akhu caraNa ( khIjA caraNanI peThe ) pASANAmAM, nahi nahi, have ApaNe, nAtha ! rahevuM. ema vAMcIe, te kadAca bIjA caraNanI mAphaka artho karatAM ' sehenI 'e karelA artha nIkaLe khare. paNa te mATe, eka tA, caraNane sudhArIne vAMcavuM paDe, ane bIjuM, e sudharelA caraNanA A amAM paNa kalaSTatA Ave. khIjA caraNamAM zAne AvuM rahevuM 'ema kahevA jatAM vacamAM ja nahi nahi ja " zabda AvavAthI Avu nA ja rahevuM ' evA atha bhAra sahita nIkaLe che. paNa, A pahelAM caraNamAM praznAtmaka aMzane abhAva heAvAthI khIjA caraNanI peThe tene paNa a karavA jatAM kilaSTatA Avaze ja. ' C ' 6 " a. 12

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178 akSara tyAre, "pASANane artha zo ? "sehenIne mata tapAsIe. cakravAka jarAka pASANamayI, jarAka ochI rasatejahIna sRSTine mATe talase che. A kAvyanI chellI be kaDI uparanI TIkAmAM jaNAvyuM che ke "manavAMchita cittahAraka rasatejapUrNa eka navIna "duniyAmAM A snehabAla cakravAkamithuna pUrNa AgathI dAkhala thaI jatuM hoya ema ene (kavine ) ghaDIbhara jaNAya che. A be nene samanvaya karatAM jaNAze ke "rasatejapUrNa navIna duniyA" "jarAka pASANamayI" hevI joIe. Ano artha che? pASANamayI eTale earthly sAMsArika jIvanane zakya banAve tevI, ema artha vivakSita hoya evuM lAge che. sarvazaktimAna sanAtana sRSTikrama mAnavajIvananI anukULatA ke saMjogonI paravA karyA vinA AgaLa dhapato rahe che. tethI ja nirdaya dekhAtA e sRSTikramamAM A cakravAka mithunane badhuM "rasasUnuM' dekhAya che. paNa aMte jyAre e yugala "navIna rasateja pUrNa sRSTimAM praveza kare che tyAre jIvanakSama paristhitino sAkSAtkAra thatAM ja "AhA! AhA ! apara duniyA! dhanya....." e ugAre teonA mukhamAMthI sarI paDe che. "sehenI'nA mate "pASANono A artha hovo ghaTe. bIjI kaI rIte jarAka pASANamayI" ane "jarAka ochI rasatejahIna' A be vizeSaNomAM rahele virodha TaLI zake tema jaNAtuM nathI. paNa A artha saMtoSakAraka nathI. kAraNa ke je "avara duniyAmAM cakravAkamithuna praveza kare che te je "jarAka pASANamayI" hoya to A "duniyA'-sanAtana sRSTikrama-jemAM cakravAke sacetana rahI zake tema nathI te sarvathA "pASANahIna" eTale jemAM jIvana na saMbha evI ucca koTinI hevI joIe-kevaLa rasa tejomaya hevI joIe.1 1. bIje pakSe ema paNa kahI zakAya ke "avara duniyA" jarAka pASANamayI che eTale A duniyA savathA pASANamayI che ema anumAna thaI zake, ane sarvathA pASANamayI hovAthI rasatejahIna paNa che. kharuM jotAM A pakSa vadhAre saMbhave, paNa "sehenI e "avara duniyA" jema

Page #188
cakravAka mithuna 179 navuM rasateja saMsArI jIvo jIravI zake nahi. tenI daSTie te He is all fault who hath no fault at all. (Tennyson). kaivalyamAMthI zabala dazA Ave tyAre ja saMsAra ane saMsArI jIvana saMbhave. paNa e kevaLa rasatejomaya sRSTi karatAM jarAka pASANamayI" sRSTi " jarAka ochI rasatejahIna ke sarakhAmaNIe rasateja pUrNa zI rIte hoI zake? "sehenI 'e karelA A caraNanA arthadarzanamAM A virodha Ave che ane upara joyA pramANe A arthadarzanamAM caraNanA zabdArthane virodha to che ja. kharuM jotAM, "pASANe thI jIvanakSama paristhiti ke "duniyA' lakSita nathI. e zabdane lakSyArthI samajavA mATe ApaNe cakravAkInI mAnasasthiti ane tenA mana upara thatI paristhitinI asara dhyAnamAM levI joIe. UMce UMce, UMce UDavA chatAM cakravAkamithunanI dazA te hatI tenI te. rahI ! "udadhine ravibiMba have aDe" ane ghaDI be ghaDImAM asta pAmaze. ATalo prayAsa karyo te vyartha ! duniyAmAM keI jenAra che ? sUrya athavA te jene e aMgabhUta che te prakRti paNa evI jaDa che ke goLane khoLa sarakhA gaNe ? AvI acetana, vivekazanya, jaDa prakRtithI vIMTAI rahelI cakravAkI akaLAI jAya che ane pitAnA sahacarane adhIrAIthI kahe che: "pASANamAM nahi nahi have ApaNe, nAtha ! rahevuM.' A pASANuvat jaDa prakRtimAMthI chUTIe to ThIka. akaLAI gayelI cakravAkIne " amita e avakAza" paNa pASANa jevo rUdhI nAkhanAro jaNAya te Akula hadaye utkaMThA darzAve che ke : cAle evA sthalamahI vase sUrya jemAM sadaiva, AnAthI ke adhika hadaye Adra jyAM hoya daiva. vastutaH A paMktiomAM ja "pASANe ne artha sUcavavAne samartha che. A duniyAthI " jarAka ochI rasatejahIna " kahI tema teNe e "avara duniyA ne "jarAka ochI pASANamayI' nathI kahI. Ama kahI hota to A pakSa ja saMbhavyo hato. paNa ema nathI kahyuM tethI uparane pakSa virakSita che e anumAna ja gya che. - a.

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'vasaoNtsava'mAM asaMbhavadoSa keAI varSAnA sabhyA samaye nisteja bAlacandra upara meghadhanuSanA ' raMga AvI AvI UDI jAya tema vilasunA manda mukha upara lajajIrekhAo bezI bezI jatI rahI." * ("vasantotsava') 2. narasiMharAva jevA vizada vicArazIla ane talasparzI vivecakanAM vidhAnamAM AzakA karavAmAM dhRSTatAno Aropa paherI levA jevuM che e vidhAnane asiddha mAnavA jeTale javuM e sAhasa che. A sthitinuM bhAna hovA chatAM,. mane lAge che ke upara TAMkelA vasaMtotsavamAMnA kAvyakhaMDamAM rA. narasiMharAva je asaMbhavadeSa jue te dezanuM astitva asiddha nahi te, atizaMkAspada te che ja zI rIte, te joIe. 1. vasaMtotsavanI bIjI AvRttimAM A paMktio nIce pramANe chapAI che. varSAne keIka saccA samaye nisteja bAlacaMdra upara meghadhanuSanA raMga AvI AvI UDI jAya che, vilasune jhAMkhe mukhaDe evI lajajA rekhA beThI ne besatAM ja UDI gaI A pAThamAM mULanI jema sarakhAvatAM, padagabheda najare Ave che. ahIM prastuta carcAne viSaya to ethI alipta rahe che, eTaluM noMdhavAnuM che.

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" vasantotsavamAM asaMbhavadoSa 181 * "mane mukura'mAM 2 "kavitAmAM asaMbhavadeSa" nAmanA lekhamAM rA. narasiMharAva "kAI varSAnA" ItyAdi paMktio TAMkI, temAMnI upamAmAM asaMbhavadeSa jue che. teo kahe che : saMdhyAkALe bAlacaMdra pazcimamAM hoya ane sUrya pazcimamAM hoya eTale meghadhanuSa pUrvamAM heya, eTale bAlacandra upara meghadhanuSanA raMga Ave e prakRtithI asiddha hoI asaMbhavadoSa ahIM (paNa) Ave che. A vidhAnamAM rahelAM aMgenuM pRthakkaraNa karIe. ' sadhyAkALe sUrya pazcimamAM hoya eTale meghadhanuSa pUrvamAM heya A te nirvivAda che. eTale je bAlacandra upara meghadhanuSanA raMgo Ave evo prakRtisiddha prasaMga hoya, to bAlacandra sadhyA samaye pUrvamAM hoya to ja e saMbhavita bane. paNa bAlacandra sadhyA samaye pUrvamAM hoya kharo ? sayAsamaye bAlacandra pazcimamAM hAya" e vAkya ane rA. narasiMharAve bAMdhelA mata uparathI spaSTa jaNAya che ke temane mane, bAlacandra sayAsamaye pUrvamAM hoya ja nahi, A carcAspada che. bAlacandra sadhyA samaye pUrvamAM hoya ke nahi tene nirNaya-prakRtino prasaMga hovAthI svAnubhava sarvAnubhavane AdhAre kahI zakAya. meM pote UgatA candrane aneka vAra joyo che. Fort mAM raheto tyAre dara pUrNimAnI sAMje epele baMdara upara jaI ThIkaThIka samaya tyAMnuM ramya dazya jovAmAM gALato. dUranA DuMgaro uparathI gaganaceka caDato dhUsara candraH haLave haLave tejasvI thatAM thatAM aMte zveta jyotipuMjamAM tenuM vipariNAma, snAmAM nhAto dariye, jaLamAM candranuM pratibiMba dUra dUrathI paDe tyAMthI te cheka huM beTho houM tyAM sudhI jaLanI sapATI upara paDato tene pahoLo paTTo-temAM ramatI Yacht 2. graMtha pahelA, AvRtti pahelI, pAnAM 176-177

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182 akSara Club nI nAnI nAnI heDIe A dazya meM aneka vAra joyuM che, ghaNAe joyuM haze-hajI paNa joI zakaze. tyAre, Ugato candra sadhyA samaye pUrvamAM hoI zake; meghadhanuSya paNa e samaye pUrvamAM hoya eTale meghadhanuSanA raMga UgatA caMdra upara Ave e prakRtine prasaMga sarvathA saMbhavita che. Ama, rA. narasiMharAve ahIM joyele asaMbhavadeSa asiddha Thare. paNa ahIM eka vAta khAsa lakSamAM levI joIe. kavi nhAnAlAle "bAlacandra"no ullekha karyo che. "bAlacandrane rUDha. artha te "bIjano candra" - new moon-che. udAharaNa tarIke mahAdevanA bhAla upara je bIjane candra che tene pAvatI nava Tumara nAnIsutA | vAMcatAmUtigva TaTTAtu naH [ A lekamAM varendu kahyo che. vaLI juvom vRddhi TUrizvarodhitenugharAva vADha A paMktimAM vAiramA "bIjanA candra'nA arthamAM yojAya che, ethI UlaTuM vAjhAkhavA humula vamAje 5 A caraNamAM kAlidAse pUrNacandrane aahu kahyo che, te uparathI paNa phalita thAya che ke bAlacandra'ne rUDha artha "bIjano candra che. jo ke "bAlasUrya ane artha "Ugato sUrya thAya che. chatAM "bAlacandra' to bIjanA A sarvapratyakSa viSacamAM anya pramANo TAMkvAnI jarUra kharI ? zAkuMtalanA cethA aMkanA pahelA zlokano prathamA nIce pramANe che: yAtyekato'stazikharaM patiroSadhInA mAviSkRto'rUNapuraHsara ekto'rk| ahIM prAta:kALanA varNanamAM candra pazcimamAM asta pAme che ema * kahyuM che, eTale bAlacaMdra AgalI sAMje pUrvamAM hevo I e ema anumAna prApta thAya che. 4. raghuvaMza saga- 3 zloka 22 me. 5. rachavaMza sarga - 6 leka pa3 mo.

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183 vasantasavamAM asaMbhavadoSa candra'nA arthamAM ja rUDha thayelo che. Ama hovAthI sahaja prazna UThe ke ahIM paNa "bAlacandrane rUDha artha zA mATe na svIkAravo? je A rUDha artha svIkArIe te bAlacandra - bIjano candra saMdhyAkALe pazcimamAM ja heya-pUrvamAM hoI zake ja nahi, e dekhItuM che. A pakSe rA. narasiMharAve darzAvelo asaMbhavadeSa siddha kare. paNa uparanI carcAmAM bAlacandrane rUDha artha choDI daIne, "Ugato candra" evo artha svIkAryo che te artha ja ahIM saMbhave che. rUDha ane ahIM avakAza nathI. A paMktiomAM vilasunuM mukha "bAlacandra" sAthe sarakhAvavAmAM AvyuM che. saundaryadaSTi ane tenA upara avalaMbI rahelA kavisaMpradAya pramANe strInuM mukha pUrNacandra sAthe ja sarakhAvavAmAM AvyuM hoya ane tenAM aneka dRSTAMta sAhityamAM maLI Avaze. vaLI, bIjane candra pote paNa mahAprayatna vaDe. dekhI zakAya, te IndradhanuSanA AdhAra tarIke te bhAgye ja dekhAya ke manAya. "bAlacandra ne rUDha artha svIkAravAmAM A deSa upasthita thAya. strInuM mukha pUrNa candra sAthe ja sarakhAvavAmAM Ave che e vAta ja ahIM paNa "bAlacandrane "Ugata candra" evo artha laI " pUrNacandrane ja nirdeza kare che. "bAla6 bIjanA candranI vakratA dhyAna kheMce evI hoya che. AvI vaktAne ane tanutA (Thinness)ne anulakSIne jayadeve strInI bhAlapaTTikAne - catuthInA candranI upamA ApI che. udabhUtimicchadbhiH sadbhiH khalu na dRzyate / caturthI candralekheva parastrIbhAlapaTTikA // -pramAghavama, aMka 7 zloka 1 sAmAnya rIte bhAlapradeza aSTamInA candra sAthe sarakhAvAya che. dAkhalA tarIke: aSTabhIcandrazakalAkAra lalATadezamudvantam / TUra peraTa ko.

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184 akSarA. sUrya' "UgatA sUrya'nA arthamAM vaparAya ja che. A sAmyathI kavie rUDha artha choDI daI "bAlacandra"ne "UgatA candra'nA arthamAM vAparyo che ema mAnavuM joIe. ane ema mAnIe te uparanI carcAmAM joyuM tema sa-dhyA samaye nisteja bAlacandra upara meghadhanuSanA raMga AvI AvI uDI jAya" e prasaMga "prakRtithI asiddha" nathI. (kaumudI, navembara, 1935)

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zavalinI" ke "tadinI"? boTAdakaranA pAMcamA-ane chellA-kAvyasaMgrahanuM "nAmakaraNa" sva. narasiMharAve karyuM che : "nadInA arthane zabda ja ema hemanI (boTAdakaranI) IcchA hatI tevI mAhitI rA. dANa taraphathI maLI ane nAma pADavAnI mAgaNI paNa teoe karI, tethI zaivalinI' ema nAma he pADI ApyuM che,' (puraskaraNa, pAnuM 69). nadInA layagarbha paryAya karlolinI, strotasvinI, nijhariNI ane taraMgiNuM beTAdakare pote ja pUrvagAmI kAvyasaMgrahanI nAmayojanAmAM upayogamAM lIdhA hatA. tethI narasiMharAve pitA upara paDelI maryAdAmAM rahIne "zaivalinI' zabda pasaMda karyo. e pachI lagabhaga traNa varase eka prasaMga banyo. 1932nI sAlamAM narasiMharAva ema. e. nA vargane "zaivalinI' ne pATha ApatA * hatA. tA. 6-12-32 ne roja "panaghaTa' kAvya zarU karatAM, emaNe AraMbhanI paMkti vAMcI : - Aja taTinI taNuM puNya panaghaTa pare * nagara kulanArIo nIra bharatI; ane bolI UThyA ke A kAvyasaMgrahanuM nAma "taTinI' zA mATe nahi? boTAdakarano ja vAparelo zabda che te tene prayoga kare e vadhAre ucita che.* * *mahane khyAla hato ke narasiMharAve e veLA potAnI pratamAM A muddo noMdhI lIdhuM hatuM. hArA A khyAlanI samULatA-nimULatA tapAsI ApavAnuM banyukRtya rA. bhAnuzaMkara vyAse karI ApyuM. narasiMharAvanAM pustake phebasa gujarAtI sabhAne enAyata karavAmAM AvyAM che, tyAM jaIne rA. vyAse narasiMharAvanI "zaivalinI'nI prata joI. temAM "zaivalinI' zabda AgaLa "taTinI zA mATe nahi?' ema narasiMharAve lakhyuM che, ane "panaghaTa" "kAvyamAM "tadinI" zabdane ci hanita karyo che.

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186 akSaNa Ama, taTinI beTAdakarane svakaThoccArita zabda hovAthI. narasiMharAve A kAvyasaMgrahanI sattA tarIke enI abhyatitA svIkArI. zaivalinI' karatAM "taTinI saMjJA bIjI eka daSTie paNa vadhAre yogya ane arthavAhI che. beTAdakaranI kAvyasaritAnAM A chellAM saMgraha-jharaNAne zevALa-pradhAna kahevA karatAM prazasta-taTavALuM kahevuM vadhAre ucita che. taduparAMta, pitAnA atima kAvyanI aMtima paMktiomAM baTAdakare pitAne aMtima abhilASa pragaTa karyo che ke, janine mRtyunA bhUMDA ghaNA AdhAta te jhIlyA have e cakrathI chUTI para pahoMcazuM kyAre ?' pitAnA kAvya-nijharanA strotamAM nhAnAmoTA taraMgomAM. hIMcatA hIMcatA A saMgraha (chelle hovAthI) dvArA, boTAdakara pele pArapele taTe-para pahoMcyA che e vani paNa "tadinI' saMjJA javAthI nIkaLI zake.

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mahAprANa (Aspirate)nA parAgamana vize | gujarAtI bhASA ane sAhityane itihAsa' (bhAga 1-2) lakhIne rA. narasiMharAve gujarAtI bhASAnA jijJAsuone atiRNa karyA che. A pustakamAM rahelo vastusaMbhAra, gujarAtI bhASAnuM talasparzI manthana, e manthanamAMthI udbhavatuM navanIta-utsargo ane matAntaronuM nirUpaNa karI sthApelA ke sUcavelA siddhAMte-A badhuM dhyAnamAM letAM A pustaka gujarAtI bhASAnA abhyAsI mATe to bAIbala jevuM ja gaNAya. A lekhamAM, rA. narasiMharAve "ha"kAranA viSayamAM je muddAo noMdhyA che temAMnA ekanuM nirUpaNa karavAnuM che, kAraNa ke e muddA vize rA. narasiMharAvane mata anya vidvAnonA matathI bhinna che. khare, A muddo kevaLa gujarAtI bhASAne lagatA. nathI; gujarAtI bhASAmAM e muddAnA astitva vize rA. narasiMharAve je kahyuM che te teNe lakSyaka-cakSuSka rahIne ja kahyuM che. e muddo kakyAMka kyAMka prAkRtamAM paNa dekhAya che ane tenAM mULa to cheka saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa dekhA de che ema darzAvI rA. narasiMharAve saMskRta ane prAkRta udAharaNe TAMkI, temAMthI niSpanna thato utsarga darzAvyA che. uparyukta pustakanA pahelA bhAganA cothA pravacananA bIjA khaMDamAM rA. narasiMharAve zabda-zarIramAM thatI vikRtio noMdhI te uparathI nikRSTa thatA utsarga bAMdhyA che, ane e utsargo aneka dRSTAMta ApI samajAvyA che. pahelo utsaga "ha kAranA sthAnAMtara ane AgAmApAya saMbaMdhe che. "ha"kAranA saMcalananuM nirUpaNa karIne rA. narasiMharAva utsaga bAMdhe che ke koIpaNa zabadamAne

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bhADu 188 akSA hakAra-kevaLa ke mizra-(a) sAmAnya rIte, zabda-zarIramAM Adi bhAga tarapha khase che. athavA-AvuM ja bane che.-(A) zabda-. zarIramAM anya tarapha jAya che. (juo, bhAga pahele, 284muM pAnuM). AmAMne pahelo pakSa vividha ane pUratI saMkhyAmAM gujarAtI zabdonAM udAharaNa TAMkI samarthita karyo che? dA. ta. saMskRta prAkRta ke apabhraMza gujarAtI pANi ghaTTI hAnI kaNhu kahAna kathayati vaDuM : grISma gihamu ghIma madhunA caMdujA (hRALA, duvA) hamaNAM vAstha: bAndhabu vagere, vagere. gujarAtI bhASAmAM zabda-zarIranI ghaTanAmAM A niyamano sadbhAva ane pravRtti siddha karIne rA. narasiMharAva kahe che ke, jo ke sAmAnya rIte prAkRtamAM 'hakAra zabda-zarIranA anta tarapha jAya che, chatAM prAkRtamAM paNa "hakAranA A parAgUmanano nirdeza maLe che ? dA. ta. hR-ghara. eTaluM ja nahi, "hakAra pAchaLa khase che evAM sUcane saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa najare paDe che. dA. ta. Tu dhAtunuM hyastana bhUtanuM rUpa saMgho athavA vartamAnanuM ghoSi, 36 dhAtu uparathI nIpajeluM IcchAvAcaka nAma vumukSa: ItyAdi rUpamAM "hakAra , pAchaLa-eTale zabdanA Adi tarapha khasele dekhAya che. saMskRta bhASAmAM hakAranuM A valaNa jovAmAM, ane avo, vumukSA, nivRkSA vagere zabda-zarIrane A niyamanAM udAharaNo mAnavAmAM ra. narasiMharAva anya vidvAnonA matathI judA paDe cheH eTale A niyama vivAdAspada bane che.

Page #198
mahAprANanA parAgamana viSe 189 anya bhASAzAstrIoe vumuttA, adho, amArbhIta ItyAdi. rUpAmAM thatI mULa zabda-svarUpanI vikRtio nAMdhIne te uparathI judeA ja utsaga bAMdhyA che. DA. guNenA abhiprAya evA che ke g 66 jenA AdimAM heAya evA mahAprANAnta (mahAprANa kevaLa hAya. ke mizra hAya) dhAtue mULa svarUpe dh m v thI zarU thatA hAvA joIe; dA. ta. vudh dhAtunu* mULa svarUpa mud, vaghUnu ma, tu dU ItyAdi. paNa dhAtu zarIranA antamAM rahelA mahAprANane lIdhe Adi bhAgamAMnuM mahAprANutva lupta thayu.. DeA. guNe peAtAnA matanA samarthanamAM amaukSIta, amArIIt vagere rUpA TAMke che, ane A rUpete dhAtuonAM mahAprANAdi mULa svarUpAnA avazeSa ane smAraka tarIke mAne che. uparAMta, grIka leTina, vagere bhASAonA ane saskRta bhASAnA keTalAka zabdo TAMkI peAtAnA matane dRDha kare che. Do. maeNkaDAnela Do. guNenA matane mAnatA hoya ema jaNAya che. vudh, u, hU~ vagere mahAprANAnta dhAtuonAM amAhIta, adho, niyati jevAM zabda-svarUpeAnA AbhiAgamAM je mahAprANatattva najare paDe che te vize lekhe che ke kharu. jotAM pahelAM A badhA dhAtuonA AdimAM mahAprANatattva hatuM. paNa dhAtunA Adi ane ata e e sthaLe mahAprANatattva jIravI zakAya nahi, tethI AbhiAgamAMnA mahAprANatattvane leApa karavAmAM AvyA. maulIta, amAnslIta vagere rUpemAM anya mahAprANatattvanA leApa thavAthI AdibhAganuM mULa mahAprANatattva pAchuM dekhA de che. arthAta, DaoN. maikaDAnelanA mate, amausIta, mAtttIt vagere rUpAnA AdimAM je mahAprANatattva che te zabdanA antabhAgamAMthI pAchaLa khaseluM tattva nathI-e te yudh, vadhU vagere dhAtuonAM mULa svarUpeAmAMnuM punarutthAna pAmeluM tattva che. Ama A beu matA tulyabala virodhI jaNAya che. rA. narasiMharAve samartha pratipakSa rajU karyo che, ane peAtAnA matanuM maMDana paNa sArI rIte karyu che. chatAM jyAM sudhI ubhaya pakSanI sapramANatAnuM tAratamya .

Page #199
akSara na nIkaLe tyAM sudhI kayo pakSa balavattara che e nirNaya thaI zake nahi. Da- mekaDAnela ane De. guNenA matanuM khaMDana thayuM nathI. tyAre pahelo mata De. mekonala, De. guNe vagere vidvAnone 2, , 2 thI zarU thatA mahAprANunta dhAtuo mULa svarUpe mahAprANAdi paNa hatA. pAchaLathI AdibhAgamAMnuM mahAprANatatva lupta thayuM. tethI - jyAre antanuM mahAprANatattva lepa pAme tyAre AdimAMnuM mULa mahAprANatattva pAchuM Ave. bIjo mata rA. narasiMharAvane mahAprANAnta dhAtuonAM rUpamAM mahAprANa antamAMthI khasI AdibhAga tarapha jAya che. A baMnemAMthI ka mata vadhAre saMbhave che te tapAsIe. budh abhautsIt , bubhutsati (dharma) bhudbhyAm , bhudbhiH, buddha, boddham duha adhok, dhukSe dhugdhve dugdha, dogdhum (Ama )Saka che. madhuramyA . yudhi vagere. badh abhAnsIt dhigdhve repu, gi dhrugbhyAm dugdha, dogdhum / bIjA khaMDamAM amausIM, kumurata zabda-svarUpe ApyAM che, te pahelA mane samajAvI zakAya. ghane saMdhiniyamAnusAra ta thayo. arthAta mahAprANatatva. lupta thayuM. tethI je mULa mudha dhAtunI vikRti subdha thaI hatI. te AdibhAgamAMne mahAprANa punarutthAna pAme, eTale amautnI, pumukSati vagere zabda-zarIre siddha thayAM. bIjA mata pramANe paNa A zabdaghaTanA samajAvI zakAya. 6 mane mahAprANa zabdanA AdibhAga tarapha khasyuM, ane te lUnI sAthe sahita thavAthI rhU ma ema yunnI mukta vikRti thaI A rUpe prasiddha thayAM.

Page #200
mahAprANanA parAgamana viSe 191 A pramANe suda, kuM, ri, du dhAtuonAM bIjA khaMDamAM ApelAM badhAM zabda-svarUpo baMne pakSe siddha thAya che. trIjA khaMDamAM ApelAM rUpe tapAsIe. yudha-dharma) muduccA, muzyAma vagere rUpamAM anya mahAprANane sadhiniyamone anusarIne lepa thai na r thayo. eTale zuM mAMthI je mULa mahAprANatattva lupta thayuM hatuM te pAchuM AvyuM. Ama pahelo mata saMbhave. bIje mate, paNa jU no TU thayo, eTale mahAprANatattva pAchaLa khasyuM. kUrma thaI muzyAm vagere rUpe siddha thayAM. A ja pramANe trIjA khaMDamAM ApelAM anya zabdazarIra paNa baMne pakSe siddha thaI zake. have cethA khaMDamAM ApelAM zabdasvarUpo tapAsIe. yuddha-dhAtunAM yuddha ane roma e be rUpe ApelAM che. vardra= 3. pahelA mate A rU5 tapAsIe to, ino saMdhiniyamane anusarIne thayo che-jema trIjA khaMDamAM (dharma) mudrA mukti mAM thaye hato tema anya mahAprANano lepa thavAthI Adi bhAgamAMnuM mULa mahAprANa tattvaje Adi ane aMtamA mahAprANa na jIravI zakAya tethI lupta thayuM hatuM te madra+dhU = mUddhanuM rUpa thavuM joIe. paNa bhASAmAM AvAM rUpo nathI. eTale vat vagere zabda zarIranI ghaTanAmAM pahelo mata mAdhyAtidoSaSita nIvaDe che. * A rUpone bIje mane tapAsIe ghara nuM rUpAMtara buddha thayuM. arthAta , dhAtuno anya mahAprANa +7 + ema saMdhiniyama sAdhita saMyukta varNa utpanna karavAmAM vaparAI gayo. zuM mAne mahAprANa svasaMhita ne mahAprANAnuprANita karavAmAM vaparAI gaye. vathIe mahAprANane pAchaLa khasavAne avakAza ja rahyo nahi. eTale huM ne sthAne mu evI vikRti thaI zake ja nahi. Ama sudha+ta = kuda rUpa bIje mate yakSApekSituM siddha thAya che. tevI ja rIte zodha+tuma = (anya mahAprANa tu ne mahAprANanuprANita karavAmAM vaparAI gayA hovAthI) koThuma rUpa siddha thAya che.

Page #201
192 akSara A pramANe cothA khaMDamAM ApelAM bIjA zabdazarIranI siddhi karavAmAM pahele mata avyAptiduSTa jaNAze, jyAre bIjA mate - rA. narasiMharAvanA mate - e rUpa yathApekSita siddha thatAM jaNAze. kadAcina keI zaMkA kare ke vohama, va, dudha, vaDha vagere rUpo ja pahelA te siddha thAya che. nahi ke modhum, muddha, tuSa ane madha A zaMkA kevaLa zuSkataryAtmaka che. kAraNa ke (dharma) murakhyAma, muri, dhuve dhive vagere rUpamAM Adi' ane aMtamAM ekI sAthe mahAprANa tatva kayAM nathI? ApaNe upara joI gayA tema e rUpe pahelA mate siddha thaI zake che. e rUpa je siddha na thatAM hoya te pahelA matanuM khaMDana te e rUpe sArI rIte kare che. kharuM jotAM, pahele mata sarvadezIya nathI eTaNe deSagrasta hevAthI te agrAhya Thare che. rA. narasiMharAvanA mate (dharma) mukhyama, musmi, puwve. dhive vagere yathAniyama siddha thaI zake che. 0 36 + grAm ahIM dU ne mU sAthe saMsarga thaye, tethI 6 mAMne mahAprANa phu dU rUpe vizliSTa thaI pitAnI sAthe saMhita thatA varNane mahAprANAnuprANita. karavA mathe. paNa varNa pote ja mahAprANAnvita che eTale + 6 mAM huM na vaparAvAthI pAchaLa khase che, ane 2 + dR + 3 = ! evI Adi varNanI vikRti thAya che. eTale mus + cAmuM = abhyA rUpa siddha thAya che. AvI ja rIte dhuNe vagere rUpamAM. : mad + thAt mAM TU nI sAthe ja sahita che. varga. dvitIyamAM varNacaturtha jeTaluM mahAprANatattva nathI. tethI mad + cANa = Du(T) + thA ema ne mahAprANAnuprANita karavAmAM Tu no anya mahAprANa khapI gayo eTale TunI chuM evI vikRti thavA na pAmI. A carcA uparathI rA. narasiMharAvane mata vadhAre pramANe, ane balattavara che ema siddha thAya che.

Page #202
saMpeTavuM Urmi'nA gayA kAvyAMkamAM (1992nA) "mArI' vibhAganA lekhake "4ra3mI lITIthI zarU thatA aMtima vibhAgane je suMdara vanithI saMpeTatho che..." (pAnuM 6 ) A vAkyomAM saMpeTavuM dhAtuno prayoga karyo che. A dhAtu vize nIcenI hakIkata rasaprada nIvaDaze. sapeTavuM' dhAtu kAThiyAvADamAM bahu pracalita che. "pUruM karavuM, ekaThuM karIne bharI levuM,' evA arthamAM, udAharaNa tarIke, "meM kAma saMpeTI lIdhuM." "kAM, TUMka saMpeTI lIdho ?" vagere. A dhAtunI. vyutpattine vicAra karatAM lAge che ke enuM mULa saMskRta dhAtu peTan hoya. saMved dhAtu TijA-TA-Ta "dAbaDA', "Dabo' e arthavALA nAma uparathI banela hoya. A prazna meM eka veLA rA. narasiMharAva samakSa mUkyo hato. saMpeTavuM' dhAtuthI teozrI aparicita hoya ema te veLA mane lAgyuM hatuM. teozrIe kahyuM ke e dhAtunI joDaNI "sameTavuM" che-"saMpeTavuM nahi. "sameTavuM' dhAtu gujarAtamAM pracalita che. e dhAtu saMskRta tata (ta uparathI banelA) dhAtunuM vikRta rUpa che. | gujarAtamAM sameTavuM' dhAtune pracAra jema nirvivAda che tema saMpeTavuM' dhAtuno kAThiyAvADamAM pracAra nirvivAda che, ane sameTavuM' dhAtu jeTalI ja "saMpeTavuM' dhAtunI vyutpatti, upara joyuM te pramANe, sAdhya che. paNa A baMne dhAtuonAM svarUpo ekabIjAne eTalAM maLatAM che ke e baMne vacce saMbaMdha hovo joIe ema lAge che. mane lAge che-A tarka che ke "saMpaTavuM' dhAtu "sameTavuM' nuM vadhAre vikRti pAmeluM rUpa hoI zake. jema saM. vALa uparathI prA. 3 kaLI (gir) dvArA gujarAtImAM "pAMpaNa" rUpa niSpanna thAya che tema "sameTavuM - [ saMme (saMba?) TavuM]-saMpeTavuM" ema uttarottara vikRti kAM na thaI hoya ? a, 13

Page #203
saMpaTavuM" ane "sameTavuM' rA, tIva, . prasthAnanA mAgazara mAsanA aMkamAM A dhAtukayanI vyutpatti vize carcA karatAM meM kahyuM hatuM ke "sApeTavuM' dhAtu 3. peTamAMthI vyutpanna thayA che ema jaNAya che. sAthe sAthe eka tarka paNa karyo hatuM ke "sameTavuM" ane "saMpeTavuM' A be zabdasvarUpa eTalAM niSTa lAge che ke sametatsa meTavuM (sameTavuM, vagere)- peTavuM ema uttarottara vyutpattikrama kAM na saMbhave ? A tarkane re. bakSIe virodha karyo che. jo ke meM A vyutpattikramano ullekha takarUpe ja karyo hato, ane karuM chuM, chatAM 2. bakSI e tarkanA khaMDana mATe je AdhArane upanyAsa kare che te AdhAranuM sAmarthya tapAsI jovA jevuM che ema mane lAge che. tyAre, ra. bakSIe jaNAvelo pahelo AdhAra-zAstradaSTi. 2. bakSI kahe che, "vati -vATakata- kartavati' "kATatA hai" vageremAM ta datyanI Ta mUrdhanyarUpa vikati karanArI je sAmagrI che ( mUrdhanya re varNanA saMnidhAnarUpa) te sametamAM nathI. A vidhAnamAM garbhita rahelo utsarga - mUrdhanyanuM nidhAna hoya tyAre ja datyavarNa mUrdhanyamAM vipariNAma pAmI zake. ati svAbhAvika ane svIkArya lAge. paNa zabda vyutpattizAstra (Philology)mAM kAIpaNa niyama sacavAthI tenI sAthe ja apavAda svIkAravAnI taiyArI rAkhavI paDe evuM che. mUrdhanyanuM saMnidhAna na ya chatAM datyavarNa mUdha nyarUpamAM vikRti pAme evAM udAharaNonI saMkhyA paNa ochI nathI. sva. narasiMharAve keTalAMka udAharaNo noMdhyAM che; tilakam - TIluM, ghAtaH - ghaTI, mahatapAmeTuM, mathita maTho, biMdu-maDu vagere. (Guj. Lang and.

Page #204
saMpaTavuM" ane "sameTavuM' 195 Lit, Vol. I, p. 454) A uparAMtanI cenA udA. paNa TAMkI zakAya. vacana - veNa, namana - namaNa, vIti - vIDI, damana - DAmaNa (saMskRtamAM viza - viSTa, diza-diSTa ItyAdi zabdasvarUpomAM mUrdhanyanA saMnidhAna vinA tAlavyavarNanI mUrdhanyamAM vipariNati thaI che te paNa noMdhavA jevuM che) A udA. parathI eTaluM svIkAravuM joIe ke rA. bakSIe je utsagane pitAnA pramANa tarIke svIkAryo che. te ekAntika nathI, ane tethI e utsagane AdhAre karelI dalIla nivarya nIvaDe che. rA. bakSIno bIjo AdhAra - dhAtu zarIranI svarasthiti "sameTamAMthI "sammaTavuM' vikRti azakaSa che ema darzAvatAM ra. bakSI kahe cheH "sameTavuM' mAM "me' svarita (accented) mAM "ma" ne anya varNane AdhAra ApavAnI apekSA ubhavatI ja nathI. madhyavartI anunAsika varNa asvarita hoya tyAre AvA AdhAranI apekSA utpanna thAya che. A dalIla para khAsa noMdhavA jevuM che. rA. bakSIe ahIM svIkArelo utsarga sva. narasiMharAve svIkArelA utsargathI takana UlaTo ja che. (sva. narasiMharAvanA mata mATe juo. Guj. Lang. and Lit, Vol. I pp. 328-9) A nAnIsUnI vigata nathI eTale rA. bakSInuM A vidhAna paNa ati vivAdagrasta hovAthI tene. utsarga tarIke svIkAra karavA pahelAM ghaNuM saMzodhananI apekSA * sva. govardhanarAme "sarasvatIcaMdra" nA pahelA bhAgamAM ja vIsa "pacIsa vAra "DAba" dhAtu vAparyo che. DAba" "dAjha nuM vikRta rU5 che. e to savathA spaSTa che. eTale A udA. paNa daMtya varNane mUrdhanya vikAra * mUrdhanyanA saMnidhAna vinA paNa thaI zake ema darzAve che. ATaluM kahyA pachI paNa Azcarya to rahe ja che ke govardhanarAma jevA bhASAzuddhinA daDhAgrahI vikAne DAba" evI a-laukika joDaNI kema svIkArI haze ?

Page #205
196 akSaNa rahe che. Ama hovAthI A dalIla paNa sabaLa nathI. "prasthAna' nA mahA mAsanA aMkamAM rA. paTela paNa sametam ne mULa tarIke svIkAra na karavAmAM ra. bakSIne anusare che ane umere che ke saMskRtamAM peTra dhAtu vaparAyAnuM jaNAtuM nathI eTalee mULa saMdigdha kare che. ahIM jaNAvavuM joIe ke zabdonI rUpatkAnti mATe, mULa tarIke svIkAravA yogya jaNAtuM pada bhASAmAM paNa prayoga pAmyuM hovuM joIe, e sarvathA Avazyaka nathI. udA. tarIke, zalya - sAlavuM, dagdha - dhagavuM evAM rUpe vaparAyAM ja nathI, chatAM utkrAMti saMbhave che. bIju, rA. paTela A baMne dhAtunA mULa tarIke saMveSTa dhAtu hevAnuM sUcave che. sAthe sAthe umere paNa che ke prAkRtamAM saMveSTa mATe saMlla rUpa vizeSa pracalita hatuM. eTale saMveda prAkRta rUpane belImAM pracalita hovAnuM svIkAravuM paDaze ke gujarAtI baMne dhAtuone arvAcIna taddabhava mAnavA vize te prAcIna vivAdapaddhatine anusarIne svapakSoSAgya ! eTale ja uttara Apavo rahyo. * ra. bakSIe potAnA matanA samarthana mATe udAharaNa TAMkyAM che temAMnuM eka vAnara- vAMdarA ApyuM che. A vyutpati yathAzAstra nathI. vAnaramAMthI vAnara vyutpanna thAya. "vAMdara' zabda to vAnaramAMthI vyutpanna thaI zake. ane vAnaraka zabdamAM svaranuM je sthAna parivartana thAya che te rA. bakSInA matane kaI rIte upakAraka nathI. bIjI eka vAta, meM paphamANi uparathI prA. pANi vyutpanna thayAno ullekha karyo hato. te vize re. bakSI neMdhe che ke pahmaNI hiM. va. (nahi ke pahmANi ba.va.mAMthI) pahumaNi vyutpanna thAya che. parmaNi dvi. va. mAMthI ja zA mATe? prAkRtamAM dvivacanane sthAne ba.va.no prayoga thAya che e sarvavidita che. to pamaNi jema pamANimAMthI vyutpanna thAya che tema pamANimAMthI paNa thaI zake. koIne tenI AMkhane ke tenA eka popacAne paNa be ja pAMpaNa nathI hotI. te ki-vaca- vacanane ja varavA mATe kaMI pramANu kharuM?

Page #206
| 'nIrAMjanA" vize | 'nIrAMjanA'mAM aneka ane vividha viSayonA lekho che. emAM saMhitA, brAhmaNa, upaniSado, bhagavAna buddhanA upadeza, jAtakakathAo, bhagavadgItA, bRhatakAvyo, mahAbhArata-rAmAyaNa, darzana, bhAsa, azvaghoSa, kAlidAsa vagerene saMsparzatA lekhe che. uparAMta, pR. jhAlAnI kalpanAne avakAza Ape tevA saMvAdo ane "manovihAro' paNa che. vidyAkIya sAmagrIno ke saMzAdhanaprApta hakIkatono droha karyA vinA, vidyAne sajIva, preraka ane kahitavardhaka banAvI zakAya enI hadayakerita yukita AnaMdazaMkarane lAdhI hatI ane te ja daSTinuM A saMgraha nidarzana che. A daSTi saMgrahane sUkSma ekasUtratA Ape che. zrI viSNuprasAda 2. trivedI | vicArasAmagrI ane vivaraNarItimAM suyogya kakSAbheda vartAtA hovA chatAM temanAM sarva lakhANomAM eka vyutpanna vidyApuruSanI prajJAsaMbhUta sUkSma daSTi-gatinI ekasUtratA jaLavAI rahelI jovA maLe che. mithyA pAMDityano parihAra karanArI chatAM ati sAmAnyatAmAM sarI nahIM paDanArI che. jhAlAnI gadyazelI sahRdaya vidyArasiko ane vidagdhonuM ekasarakhuM AkarSaNa banI rahe che. - svAdayAya, pu. 12, aka. 4 janamASTamI aka. & b & sAhitya pratyenI.. emanI abhirUci, sAhityano AnaMda mANavAnI ane sarjana, tAvavAnI ane pRthajananI -1 e A graMthasthA saMgrahanI AgavI | tinI vighAniSThA ane samIkSAtmaka *-yuArI 1976, -- ke - & AvaraNa ' naTavara smRti prinTarsa rAyapura , amadAvAda