Jinvani Special issue on Karmsiddhant Visheshank 1984

Author(s): Narendra Bhanavat, Shanta Bhanavat
Publisher: Samyag Gyan Pracharak Mandal
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003842/1

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jitavANi pradhAna sampAdaka: karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka DaoN0 narendra mAnAvata 133 gajAyaga3241290 vilA jaNa lagarAlI < 1 lAmAsayA dhA jadayaha vaha makara dammasana Beelden madata vihipa vittiya svAdeya maraNAlAgasta To redshee dAma pAsa Palemia SASubm REVEReport A.zrI.kailAlasAgara gari jAna maMri sadavAra jana ayanA kadakAnaprakTabara-disambara prAzvina-mAgazASa Wan 2041 1984 Jan Educationa international For Personal and Private Use Only

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jinavANI AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA. ke amRta mahotsava ke upalakSya meM prakAzita karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka pradhAna sampAdaka DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata sampAdaka DaoN. zrImatI zAntA bhAnAvata prakAzaka samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302003

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jinavANI karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka : varSa : 41 aMka : 10-12 akTUbara-disambara, 1984 vIra nirvANa saMvata 2511 Azvina-mArgazIrSa, 2041 prabandha sampAdaka : premarAja bogAvata saMsthApaka : zrI jaina ratna vidyAlaya, bhopAlagar3ha prakAzaka : samyagjJAna pracAraka maNDala dukAna naM. 182-183 ke Upara bApU bAjAra, jayapura-302 003 (rAjasthAna) phona naM. 48667 sampAdakIya samparka sUtra : sI-235 e, dayAnanda mArga, tilaka nagara jayapura-302004 (rAjasthAna) phona naM. 47444 bhArata sarakAra dvArA pradatta rajisTrezana naM 3653/57 sadasyatA : stambha sadasyatA : 1001 ru. saMrakSaka sadasyatA : 501 ru0 AjIvana sadasyatA : deza meM 251 ru0 AjIvana sadasyatA : videza meM 751 ru0 trivarSIya sadasyatA : 55 ru0 vArSika sadasyatA : 20 ru0 isa vizeSAMka kA mUlya : 10 ru0 mudraka : phaiNDsa priNTarsa eNDa sTezanarsa, jauharI bAjAra, jayapura-3 noTa : yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki isa vizeSAMka meM prakAzita lekhakoM ke vicAroM se sampAdaka yA samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala kI sahamati ho /

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Jain Educationa International samarpaNa jJAna-darzana rUpa svAdhyAya aura cAritra rUpa sAmAyika - sAdhanA ke prabala preraka AcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja ke tapaHpUta tejasvI vyaktitva ko unake amRta mahotsava para sAdara savinaya samarpita ! (iii) For Personal and Private Use Only

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anukramaNikA pRSTha saMkhyA sampAdakIya 4E 61 prathama khaNDa karma siddhAnta kA zAstrIya vivecana 7-234 1. karmoM kI dhUpa-chA~ha -AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma.sA. 2. karma aura jIva kA sambandha -paM. ra. zrI hIrA muni 3. karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana -zrI devendra muni zAstrI 4. karma kA astitva -yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni 5. karma ke bheda-prabheda -zrI rameza muni zAstrI 6. karma-vimarza -zrI bhagavatI muni 'nirmala' 7. karma kA svarUpa - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI 8. karma aura usakA vyApAra -DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA 6. karma-vicAra -DaoN. Aditya pracaMDiyA 'dIti' 10. karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA -zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA 11. kArmaNa zarIra aura karma -zrI candanarAja mehatA 12. karmavAda ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta -DaoN. ziva muni 13. karma aura puruSArtha -yuvAcArya mahAprajJa 18 14. karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya ___-zrI rAjIva pracaMDiyA 107 15. karma aura lezyA -zrI cA~damala karNAvaTa 16. karma-vipAka -zrI lAlacandra jaina 17. antarmana kI graMthiyAM kholeM -prAcArya zrI nAneza 127 18. karma prakRtiyA~ aura unakA jIvana ke sAtha sambandha -zrI zrIcanda golechA 132 16. jIvana meM karma siddhAnta kI upayogitA -zrI kalyANamala jaina 136 20. karma aura karma-phala -zrI rAjendra muni 145 21. puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA -zrI jazakaraNa DAgA 151 c 113 118 . (iv)

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162 164 168 161 202 206 225 226 22. jJAnayoga, bhaktiyoga, karmayoga -DaoN. rAmamUrti tripAThI 23. jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda -DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara 24. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana . meM karma kA svarUpa -DaoN. sAgaramala jaina 25. sAMkhya darzana meM karma -zrI dharmacanda jaina 26. mImAMsA-darzana meM karma kA svarUpa -DaoN. ke. ela. zarmA 27. masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnyatA-DaoN. e. bI. zivAjI 28. islAma dharma meM karma kA svarUpa -DaoN. nijAma uddIna 26. pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyAsiddhAnta -DaoN. ke. ela. zarmA 30. jaina karma sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa -zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 31. Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA-DaoN. devadatta zarmA dvitIya khaNDa karma siddhAnta aura sAmAjika cintana 32. vaiyaktika evaM sAmUhika karma -paM. sukhalAla saMghavI 33. karma aura kArya-maryAdA -paM. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI 34. karma-pariNAma kI paramparA -zrI kedAranAtha 35. karmakSaya aura pravRtti -zrI kizoralAla mazravAlA 36. karttavya-karma -svAmI zaraNAnanda 37. karmavipAka aura Atma. svAtantrya -bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka 38. niSkAma karmayoga -mahAtmA gAMdhI 36. karma, vikarma aura akarma -prAcArya vinobA bhAve 40. karma aura kArya-kAraNa sambandha -prAcArya rajanIza 41. dhyAna aura karmayoga -zrI jI. esa. naravAnI 42. karmavAda aura Adhunika cintana -DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina 43. karma kA sAmAjika sandarbha -DaoN. mahAvIra sarana jaina 44. karma siddhAnta aura samAjasaMracanA -zrI raNajItasiMha kUmaTa 235-308 237 242 248 * 258 265 268 273 276 285 264 (v)

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45. 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI' . para eka TippaNI -DaoN. rAjendrasvarUpa bhaTanAgara 268 46. karma siddhAnta : eka TippaNI -DaoN. zAntA mahatAnI 305 tRtIya khaNDa karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna 309-330 47. karma aura Adhunika vijJAna -AcArya anantaprasAda jaina 48. karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna -zrI azokakumAra saksenA 315 46. karma siddhAnta : vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM -DaoN. mahAvIrasiMha muDiyA . 323 50.jaina karma siddhAnta aura vijJAna : pArasparika abhigama -DaoN. jagadIzarAya jaina caturtha khaNDa karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ 331-352 51. karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ -DaoN. premasumana jaina 1. ATe kA murgA -DaoN. premasumana jaina 2. siyArinI kA badalA -DaoN. premasumana jaina 3. jAduI bagIcA -DaoN. premasumana jaina 342 4. do sAdhaka jo bichur3a gaye -zrI sujAnamala mehatA 5. karma kA bhugatAna -zrI cAMdamala bAbela 346 pariziSTa 326 mr n mr n mr n mr 345 mr 353 hamAre sahayogI lekhaka vijJApana -saMkalita --saMyojana-zrI sumerasiMha botharA (vi)

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sampAdakIya 'hama to kabahu na nija ghara Aye / para ghara phirata bahuta dina bIte, nAma aneka dharAye / / adhyAtmapravaNa kavi dyAnatarAya kI uparyukta paMktiyA~ jIva ke bhava-bhramaNa kI pIr3A aura glAni ko vyakta karatI haiN| 'nija ghara' hamArA Atma-svabhAva hai aura 'para ghara' yaha saMsAra hai| jIvAtmA apane karmAnusAra vividha yoniyA~ dhAraNa kara anAdi kAla se saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahI hai| isa bhaTakana aura bhramaNa kA kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha ba~dhe hue / cipake hue karma haiN| prazna hai jaba AtmA apane sukha-duHkha kI kartA svayaM hai aura saba meM mUlataH vaha samAna hai taba saMsAra meM itanA duHkha aura vaiSamya kyoM hai ? kyA manovaijJAnika rUpa se yaha sambhava hai ki vyakti ko pUrNa svatantratA ho aura phira bhI vaha apane sukha ke lie duHkha ke kAMTe boe ? isa prazna kA uttara jaina dArzanikoM ne karma siddhAnta kI prakriyA meM khojA hai / unakA mAnanA hai ki jIva apane sukha-duHkha kA vidhAtA aura bhoktA svayaM hote hue bhI anAdi kAla se karma ke bandhanoM meM jakar3A huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki siddhAntataH vaha pUrNa svataMtra aura AnaMdamaya hote hue bhI vyavahAra meM svataMtra aura AnaMdamaya nahIM hai| jIva jo kriyA karatA hai usakA nAma karma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jisa para kriyA kA prabhAva par3e vaha karma hai / 'karma' zabda kA loka-vyavahAra aura zAstra meM vibhinna arthoM meM prayoga huA hai / jana sAdhAraNa apane-apane kAma-dhandhe, vyavasAya, kartavya Adi ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| para jaina-darzana meM 'karma' zabda kA vizeSa artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA hai| usake anusAra saMsArI jIva jaba rAgadveSayukta mana, vacana, kAyA se jo bhI kiyA karatA hai usase usake Atmapradeza meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA spandana hotA hai, uttejana hotA hai / usase vaha sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura unake dvArA nAnA prakAra ke prAbhyantara saMskAroM ko janma detA hai / ye pudgala paramANu bhautika aura jar3a hote hue bhI jIva kI rAga-dveSAtmaka mAnasika, vAcika, zArIrika kriyAoM ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara AtmA ke sAtha agni-loha-piNDa kI bhA~ti paraspara ekameka ho jAte haiM aura AtmA kI ananta zakti ko AcchAdita kara lete haiM, jisase usakA teja hataprabha aura manda ho jAtA hai| jaba viziSTa sAdhanA ke dvArA ina karmapudgaloM ko naSTa kara diyA jAtA hai taba AtmA pUrNa svataMtra aura AnaMdamaya bana jAtI hai / jaba taka ina karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotA, AtmA bhava-bhramaNa karatI rahatI hai| niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki kRta karmoM kA phala bhoge binA AtmA kI mukti nahIM ho sktii|

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[ karma siddhAnta karma-phala ke bhoga ke sambandha meM kaI mAnyatAe~ haiM / eka mAnyatA yaha hai ki AtmA karma karane meM svataMtra hai parantu usakA phala denA Izvara ke hAtha meM hai / jainadarzana aisA nahIM maantaa| vaha karma siddhAnta ko prAkRtika vidhAna-niyama mAnakara calatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM jIva svayaM hI apanA vidhAtA aura niyAmaka hai / kisI bAharI niyantA kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| apane puruSArtha, sAdhanA, satkarma, sadvicAra dvArA vaha baMdhe hue karmoM ke phala-bhoga kI prakRti, sthiti, rasa Adi meM ghaTa-bar3ha rUpa meM parivartana lA sakatA hai, pApa prakRti ko puNya meM, azubha prakRti ko zubha meM badala sakatA hai| yahI nahIM vaha saMyama, tapa Adi kI sAdhanA se apane pUrva meM baMdhe hue karmoM ko binA phala bhoge hI nirjarita kara sakatA hai / isa dRSTi se pichale janma ke acche-bure karmoM ke dvArA isa jIvana ke sukha-duHkha kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhI karma siddhAnta vartamAna meM kiye gaye puruSArtha ke mahattva ko rekhAMkita karatA hai| yaha prazna uThAyA jA sakatA hai ki 'vyakti jaisA karegA vaisA bharegA' taba usako mukti kaise hogI ? use sukha-duHkha, puNya-pApa to bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| isa sambandha meM itanA hI kahanA paryApta hogA ki jo kriyA bhoga ke rUpa meM, viSayasukha kI prApti ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai usase karmabaMdha hotA hai para jo kriyA anAsakta bhAva se rAga-dveSa rahita hokara vizuddha sevAbhAva se, viveka aura yatanApUrvaka kI jAtI hai vaha baMdha kA kAraNa nahIM hotii| 'karma' kA vicAra lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM aura dharmoM meM huA hai| karma ke isa vicAra meM sabhI ne 'kriyA' ko mUlabhUta AdhAra mAnA hai| kriyA 'apane lie' aura kriyA 'samAja ke lie' isa AdhAra para vaiyaktika karma aura sAmUhika karma kI carcA calI hai| hamArI dRSTi se inameM koI prAtyantika virodha nahIM hai| jaba koI kahatA hai ki 'ahaM brahmAsmi' arthAt maiM hI brahma hU~ to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vaha anya sabako nakAra rahA hai / isake mUla meM prAtmapuruSArtha aura Atma-zakti ko jAgRta kara dainya, nirAzA, parAjaya, hInatA jaisI bhAvanA ko naSTa karane kA lakSya rahA hai| jaba koI kahatA haiM ki 'tattvamasi' arthAt tU hI brahma hai to isakA artha yaha nahIM ki vaha apane ko nakAra rahA hai / isake mUla meM apane ahaM ko visarjita karane kA bhAva nihita hai / saMta kabIra ne isa anubhava ko kitane sundara rUpa meM vANI dI hai jaba maiM thA taba hari nahIM, aba hari haiM maiM nAMhi / saba a~dhiyArA miTi gayA, dIpaka dekhyA mAMhi / / jaba vyakti 'merepana' aura 'terepana' donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai taba vaha kaha uThatA hai 'sarvaM khalu idaM brahma' arthAt saba brahma svarUpa haiN| jaba vyakti apane 'sva' kA 'sarva' meM vilaya kara detA hai tabhI yaha sthiti pAtI hai| kabIra kI AtmA AnaMda vibhora hokara kaha uThatI hai

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sampAdakIya ] lAlI mere lAla kI, jita dekho tita lAla / lAlI dekhana maiM gaI, maiM bhI ho gaI lAla / / karmayoga, jJAnayoga aura bhaktiyoga bhI yahIM Akara mila jAte haiM / inameM koI Antarika virodha nahIM rhtaa| jaba vyakti prAtma-kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha lokasevA evaM janakalyANa ke lie kriyA karatA hai taba usameM baMdha kI nahIM, mukta hone kI, rAga kI nahIM vItarAga kI, upabhoga kI nahIM, upayoga kI zakti vikasita hotI hai| isa zakti ko vikasita karane kI bhAvanA se hI, isa zakti ke viziSTa ArAdhaka parama zraddheya AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA. kI 75vIM jayantI (amRta mahotsava-pauSa zuklA caturdazI saM0 2041) ke upalakSya meM 'jinavANI' kA yaha 'karma siddhAnta vizeSAMka' prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai / AcAryazrI jJAnadarzana rUpa svAdhyAya evaM cAritra rUpa sAmAyika-sAdhanA kI prabala preraNA dete hue janasAdhAraNa ko Atma-zakti ke prakaTIkaraNa evaM karma-nirjarA kI satata udbodhanA dete rahe haiN| unhIM ke tapaHpUta tejasvI vyaktitva ko yaha vizeSAMka samapita hai| 'jinavANI' ke pUrva prakAzita 'svAdhyAya', 'sAmAyika', 'tapa', 'zrAvaka dharma', 'sAdhanA' 'dhyAna', 'jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna' Adi vizeSAMkoM kI taraha yaha vizeSAMka bhI apanA vaiziSTya liye hue hai| yaha cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa 'karma siddhAnta ke zAstrIya vivecana' se sambandhita hai| isameM jaina darzana meM mAnya karma siddhAnta ke vividha pakSoM ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha, gItA, sAMkhya, mImAMsA, IsAI, islAma dharma evaM pAzcAtya darzana meM pratipAdita karma siddhAnta para adhikRta vidvAnoM ke 31 nibandha saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| inake adhyayana se karma siddhAnta ko vyApaka pariprekSya meM samajhane aura parakhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| dvitIya khaNDa 'karma siddhAnta ke sAmAjika cintana' se sambandhita hai / zAstrIya rUpa meM karma siddhAnta kA jo vivecana huA vaha mukhyatayA vyaktivAdI dharAtala para hI / vyakti aura samAja ke sambandhoM ko vizleSita karane vAlI Aja kaI vicAradhArAe~ pravAhamAna haiN| yaha jijJAsA uThanA svAbhAvika haiM ki adhyAtma kSetra meM karma-siddhAnta kI prakriyA kA jo vikAsa huA hai kyA vaha hamAre vartamAna jIvana kI sAmAjika evaM rASTrIya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna meM sahAyaka ho sakatA haiM ? aura yadi hA~ to kisa rUpa meM va kisa sImA taka ? isa vaicArika dharAtala para karma-vicAra kA jo cintana calA hai vaha mukhyataH karmayoga aura satkarma ke rUpa meM hii| isa khaNDa meM 15 nibandha diye gaye haiN| jinameM 32 se lekara 40 taka ke 6 nibandha deza ke prabuddha vicArakoM aura tattva cintakoM ke haiM jo unakI pustakoM

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[ karma siddhAnta se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| isa khaNDa ke nibandhoM meM jo vicAra vyakta kiye gaye haiM ve Aja ke yuga kI samasyAoM va vicAradhArAoM ke pariprekSya meM haiM ataH inakA svara samIkSAtmaka hai| inake adhyayana se karma-vicAra kI vividha bhaMgimAmoM, unakI zaktiyoM aura sImAoM se paricita hone meM madada milatI hai| vicAra-manthana kI dRSTi se ina nibandhoM kA vizeSa mahattva aura upayoga hai| ye vicAra lekhakoM ke apane haiM aura unase sahamata honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM 'karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna' se sambandhita cAra nibandha haiN| inake adhyayana se karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA ko samajhane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| caturtha khaNDa 'karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~' se sambandhita hai| isameM jaina kathA sAhitya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue tatsambandhI 5 kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / karma siddhAnta ko samajhane meM ye kathAe~ vizeSa upayogI haiN| pariziSTa meM sahayogI lekhakoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai / isa vizeSAMka ke prakAzana kI yojanA Aja se lagabhaga cAra varSa pUrva banI thii| hamArA vicAra karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna se sambaddha vizeSa sAmagrI isameM prakAzita karane kA thA para vaha saMbhava na ho skaa| jaina dharma, darzana ke prasiddha vidvAn zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA kA sAmagrI-saMkalana meM vizeSa sahayoga milA hai, ataH hama unake prati hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karate haiN| jina vidvAn AcAryoM, muniyoM va lekhakoM ne apanI racanAe~ bhejakara isa vizeSAMka ko isa rUpa meM prastuta karane meM hamArI sahAyatA kI, unake prati hama hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karate haiN| jina vyaktiyoM, saMsthAoM va vyApArika pratiSThAnoM ne apane vijJApana dekara hameM Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA, ve saba dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM / vijJApana khaNDa ke saMyojaka zrI sumerasiMha botharA aura unake sahayogI sarvazrI pUraNarAja abbANI jodhapura, pArasarAja bA~ThiyA ahamadAbAda, dharmendra hIrAvata bambaI, motIcanda karNAvaTa jayapura evaM pArzvakumAra mehatA jayapura kA vijJApana ekatra karane meM vizeSa sahayoga rahA hai ataH hama unake AbhArI haiN| AzA hai, isa vizeSAMka ke adhyayana-manana se Atma-puruSArtha ko jAgRta karane evaM lokasevA ke mArga para agrasara hone kI preraNA milegii| sI-235 e, dayAnaMda mArga, tilakanagara, -DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata . : jayapura-4

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prathama khaNDa karma siddhAnta zAstrIya vivecana

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karmoM kI dhUpa-chA~ha / prAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA. duHkha kA kAraNa karma-baMdha : bandhuno ! vItarAga jinezvara ne, apane svarUpa ko prApta karake jo Ananda kI anubhUti kI, usase unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki yadi saMsAra ke anyAnya prANI bhI, karmoM ke pAza se mukta hokara, hamArI taraha svAdhIna svarUpa meM sthita ho jAyeM to ve bhI duHkha ke pAza se baca jAyeMge yAnI du.kha se unakA kabhI pAlA nahIM pdd'egaa| duHkha, azAnti, asamAdhi yA kleza kA anubhava tabhI kiyA jAtA, hai jabaki prANI ke sAtha karmoM kA bandha hai| duHkha kA mUla karma aura karma kA mUla rAga-dvaSa hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI duHkha haiM, vedanAyeM haiM, ve saba karmamUlaka hI haiN| koI bhI vyakti apane kRta karmoM kA phala bhoge binA nahIM raha paataa| karma jaisA bhI hogA phala bhI usI ke anurUpa hoNge| prazna hotA hai ki yadi duHkha kA mUla karma hai to karma kA mUla kyA hai ? duHkhamUlaka karma kyA svayaM sahaja rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai yA usakA bhI koI kAraNa hai ? siddhAnta to yaha hai ki koI bhI kArya kAraNa ke binA nahIM hotA / phira usake lie koI kartA bhI cAhiye / karttApUrvaka hI kriyA aura kriyA kA phala karma hotA hai| karma aura usake kAraNa : parama jJAnI jinezvara deva ne kahA ki karma karanA jIva kA svabhAva nahIM hai| svabhAva hotA to hara jIva karma kA baMdha karatA aura siddhoM ke sAtha karma lage hote / parantu aisA nahIM hotA hai| ayogI kevalI aura siddhoM ko karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA / isase pramANita hotA hai ki karma sahetuka hai, ahetuka nahIM / karma kA lakSaNa batAte hue prAcArya ne kahA-"kIrai jieNa heuhiM / " jo jIva ke dvArA kiyA jAya, use karma kahate haiN| vyAkaraNa vAle kriyA ke phala ko karma kahate haiN| khAkara Ane para usase prApta phala-bhojana ko hI karma kahA jAtA hai| khAne kI kriyA se hI bhojana milA, isalie bhojana karma kahAtA hai / satsaMga meM Akara koI satsaMga ke saMyoga se kucha jJAna hAsila kare, dharma kI bAta sune to yahAM zravaNa sunane ko bhI karma kahA-jaise "zravaNaH krm"| para yahAM isa prakAra ke karmoM se matalaba nahIM hai| yahA~ AtmA ke sAtha lage hue karma se prayojana hai| kahA hai"jieNa heuhi, jeNaM to bhaNNaI kamma" yAnI saMsAra kI kriyA kA karma to *AcAryazrI ke pravacana se uddhRta /

Page #15
10 ] [ karma siddhAnta svataH hotA hai| parantu yaha viziSTa karma svataH nahIM hotaa| yahAM to jIva ke dvArA hetuoM se jo kiyA jAya, usa pudgala vargaNA ke saMgraha kA nAma karma hai / karma ke bheda aura vyApakatA : karma ke mukhyataH do bheda haiM-dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / kArmaNa vargaNA kA AnA aura karma pudgaloM kA Atma pradezoM ke sAtha sambandhita honA, dravya karma hai| dravya karma ke grahaNa karane kI jo rAga-dveSAdi kI pariNati hai, vaha bhAva karma hai| Apane jJAniyoM se dravya karma kI bAta sunI hogii| dravya karma kArya aura bhAva karma kAraNa hai| yadi AtmA kI pariNati, rAga dveSAdimaya nahIM hogI to dravya karma kA saMgraha nahIM hogaa| Apa aura hama baiThe hue bhI nirantara pratikSaNa karmoM kA saMgraha kara rahe haiN| parantu isa jagaha, isI samaya, hamAre aura Apake badale koI vItarAga puruSa baiThe to ve sAMparAyika karma ekatrita nahIM kreNge| kyoMki unake kaSAya nahIM hone se, IryApathika karmoM kA saMgraha hai| siddhoM ke lie bhI aisI hI sthiti hai| loka kA koI bhI konA khAlI nahIM hai, jahAM karmavargaNA ke pudgala nahIM ghUma rahe hoN| aura aisI koI jagaha nahIM, jahAM zabda-laharI nahIM ghUma rahI ho| isa hAla ke bhItara koI baccA reDiyo (TrAMjisTara) lAkara bajAye athavA use AlamArI ke bhItara rakhakara hI bajAye to bhI zabda laharI vahAM pahuMca jAyegI aura saMgIta laharI pAsa meM sarvatra phaila jaayegii| isa zabda laharI se bhI adhika bArIka, sUkSma karma laharI hai| yaha Apake aura hamAre zarIra ke cAroM ora ghUma rahI hai aura siddhoM ke cAroM tarapha bhI ghUma rahI hai| parantu siddhoM ke karma cipakate nahIM aura hamAre Apake cipaka jAte haiN| isakA antara yahI hai ki siddhoM meM vaha kAraNa nahIM hai, rAga-dveSAdi kI pariNati nahIM hai| karma kA mUla rAga aura dveSa : Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki hetu se prerita hokara jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAya, vaha karma hai / aura karma hI duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai-mUla hai / karma kA mUla batAte hue kahA ki-'rAgo ya doso, bIya kamma bIyaM / " yAnI rAga aura dveSa donoM karma ke bIja haiN| jaba duHkhoM kA mUla karma hai to Apako, duHkha nivAraNa ke lie kyA miTAnA hai ? kyA kATanI hai ? daHkha kI bedd'ii| yaha kaba haTegI ? jaba karmoM kI ber3I haTegI-dUra hogii| aura karmoM kI ber3I kaba kaTegI ? jaba rAga-dveSa dUra hoNge| bahudhA ekAnta aura zAnta sthAna meM anacAhe bhI sahasA rAga-dveSa A gherate haiM / eka karma bhogate hue, phala bhoga ke bAda, AtmA halkI honI cAhiye, parantu sAdhAraNatayA isake viparIta hotA hai / bhogate samaya rAga-dveSa ubhara Ate yA cintA-zoka ghera leteM to nayA baMdha bar3hatA jAtA hai| isase karma-paramparA

Page #16
karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMha ] [ 11 cAlU rahatI hai| usakA kabhI avasAna-anta nahIM ho paataa| ataH jJAnI kahate haiM ki karma bhogane kA bhI tumako DhaMga-tarIkA sIkhanA caahiye| phala bhoga kI bhI kalA hotI hai aura kalA ke dvArA hI usameM nikhAra AtA hai| yadi karma bhogane kI kalA sIkha jAoge to tuma naye karmoM kA bandha nahIM kara pAoge / isa prakAra phala bhoga meM tumhArI AtmA halkI hogii| karma phala bhoga Avazyaka : zAstrakAroM kA eka anubhUta siddhAnta hai ki-"kaDAraNa kammANa na mokkha asthi / " tathA "azvayameva bhoktavyaM, kRtaM karma zubhAzubham" yAnI rAjA ho yA raMka, amIra ho yA garIba, mahAtmA ho athavA durAtmA, zubhAzubha karma phala saba jIva ko bhoganA hI pdd'egaa| kabhI koI bhUle-bhaTake santa prakRti kA AdamI kisI gRhastha ke ghara ThaMDAI kahakara dI gaI thor3I mAtrA meM bhI ThaMDAI ke bharose bhaMga pI jAya to patA calane para pachatAvA hotA hai magara vaha bhaMga apanA asara dikhAe binA nahIM rhegii| bArambAra pazcAttApa karane para bhI usa sAdhu prakRti ko bhI nazA Aye binA nahIM rhegaa| nazA yaha nahIM samajhegA ki pIne vAlA santa hai aura isane anajAne meM ise pI liyA hai ataH ise bhramita nahIM karanA cAhiye / nahIM, hargija nhiiN| kAraNa, buddhi ko bhramita karanA usakA svabhAva hai| ataH vaha nazA apanA raMga lAye binA nahIM rhegaa| basa, yahI hAla karmoM kA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kahate haiM ki- "he mAnava ! sAmAnya sAdhu kI bAta kyA ? hamAre jaise siddhagati kI ora bar3hane vAle jIva bhI karma phala ke bhoga se baca nahIM sakate / merI AtmA bhI isa karma ke vazIbhUta hokara, bhava-bhava meM gote khAtI huI karma phala bhogatI rahI hai| maiMne bhI anantakAla taka, bhavaprapaMca meM pramAdavaza karmoM kA baMdha kiyA jo Aja taka bhoganA par3a rahA hai| karma bhogate hue thor3A sA pramAda kara gaye to dUsare karma Akara baMdha gae, cipaka ge|" matalaba yaha hai ki karmoM kA sambandha bahuta jabardasta hai| isa bAta ko acchI taraha samajha liyA jAye ki hamAre dainika vyavahAra meM, nitya kI kriyA meM koI bhUla to nahIM ho rahI hai ? naye karma bAMdhane meM kitanA sAvadhAna hU~ ? karma bhogate samaya koI naye karma to nahIM baMdha rahe haiM ? isa taraha vicArapUrvaka kAma karane vAlA, karmabaMdha se baca sakatA hai| karmoM kI dhUpa-chAMha : parantu saMsAra kA niyama hai ki sukha ke sAtha duHkha AtA hai aura sAtA ke sAtha asAtA kA bhI cakra calatA rahatA hai| yaha kabhI nahIM ho sakatA ki zubhAzubha karma prakRtiyoM meM mAtra eka hI prakRti udaya meM rahe aura dUsarI usake sAtha nahIM aaye| jJAniyoM ne pratikSaNa zubhAzubha karmoM kA baMdha aura udaya cAla

Page #17
12 ] [ karma-siddhAnta rahanA batalAyA hai| dRSTAnta rUpa se dekhiye, abhI usa jAlI ke pAsa jahAM prApa dhUpa dekha rahe haiM, ghaMTebhara ke bAda vahAM chAyA A jAvegI aura abhI jahAM daravAje ke pAsa Apako chAyA dikha rahI hai, kucha dera ke bAda vahAM dhUpa A jaayegii| isakA matalaba yaha hai ki dhUpa aura chAyA barAbara eka ke pIche eka Ate rahate haiM / dhUpa-chAMha parivartana kA dyotaka hai / eka Ama pracalita zabda hai, jisakA matalaba prAyaH pratyeka samajha jAtA hai ki yahAM koI bhI vastu eka rUpa cirakAla taka nahIM raha sktii| jaba makAna meM dhUpa kI jagaha chAyA aura chAyA kI jagaha jagaha dhUpa pA gaI to Apake tana, mana meM sAtA kI jagaha asAtA aura asAtA kI jagaha sAtA A jAye to isameM naI bAta kyA hai ? saMyoga kI jagaha viyoga se ApakA pAlA par3A to kaunasI bar3I bAta ho jAvegI ? jJAnI kahate haiM ki isa saMsAra meM Ae to samabhAva se rahanA siikho| saMyoga meM jarUrata se adhika phUlo mata aura viyoga ke Ane para Akula-vyAkula nahIM bano, ghabarAo nhiiN| yaha to sRSTi kA niyama hai-kAyadA hai| hara vastu samaya para astitva meM AtI aura sattA ke abhAva meM adRzya ho jAtI hai| isa bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara soco ki jahAM chAyA hai vahAM kabhI dhUpa bhI AyegI aura jahAM abhI dhUpa hai, vahAM chAyA bhI samaya para pAye binA nahIM rhegii| abhI dina hai-sarvatra ujAlA hai| chaH baje ke bAda sUryodaya huaa| parantu usake pahale kyA thA / sarvatra aMdherA hI to thaa| kisI ko kucha bhI dikhAI nahIM detA thaa| yaha parivartana kaise ho gayA ? andhakAra kI jagaha prakAza kahAM se A gayA ? to jIvana meM bhI yahI krama calatA rahatA hai / jindagI eka dhUpa-chA~ha hI to hai| hara hAlata meM khuza aura zAnta raho : saMsAra ke zubha-azubha ke krama ko, vyavasthA ko, jJAnIjana sadA samabhAva yA udAsIna bhAva se dekhate rahate haiN| unheM jagat kI anukUla yA pratikUla paristhitiyA~ caMcala athavA Andolita nahIM kara paatiiN| ve na to anukUla paristhiti ke Ane para harSonmatta aura na pratikUlatA meM vyathita evaM viSaNNa banate haiN| sUraja kI taraha unakA udaya aura asta kA raMga eka jaisA aura eka bhAvoM vAlA hotA hai| ve paristhiti kI mAra ko sahana kara lete haiM, para paristhiti ke vaza raMga badalanA nahIM jAnate / jIvana kA yahI krama unako sabase Upara banAye rakhatA hai| apanI mAnasika samatA banAye rakhane ke kAraNa hI ve AtmA ko bhArI banAne se baca pAte haiN| aura jinameM aisI kSamatA nahIM hotI aura jo isa taraha kA vyavahAra nahIM banA pAte, ve akAraNa hI apanI AtmA ko bhArI, bojhila banA lete haiN|

Page #18
2 karma aura jIva kA sambandha* saMsAra eka raMgamaMca hai : saMsAra eka raMgamaMca hai / yahA~ nAnA prakAra ke pAtra hameM dRSTigocara hote haiN| inameM koI amIra hai to koI garIba, koI rAjA hai to koI raMka, koI sabala hai - to koI nirbala, koI vidvAn hai to koI mUrkha / kisI kA sarvatra abhinandana - abhivandana hai to kisI ko dutkAra-phaTakAra / kisI ke darzana ko A~kheM tarasatIM, TakaTakI lagAye paMtha nihAratIM to kisI ko phUTI A~kha se bhI dekhanA pasaMda nahIM, koI kAmadeva - rati tulya to koI kauvA tavA kI taraha bhaddA - kAlA / koI sA~ce meM DhAlakara phurasata meM banAyA ho aisA rUpavAna to koI ber3haba, beDola aura U~Ta, gardabhavat bhaddI prAkRti vAlA / koI komala, sarala to koI karkaza -kaThora, Ter3hAmer3hA aSTAvakra kI taraha / kisI ko 'vansamora, plIja' kahakara koyalavat aura tAna cher3ane ko kahA jAtA hai to kisI ko 'baiTha jAo', 'tumako kisane khar3A kiyA', 'kyoM kauo aura gadhe kI taraha galA phAr3a rahe ho', 'yaha phaTA bA~sa aura kahIM jAkara bajAnA', aisA kahA jAtA hai / kisI kI lAta bhI acchI to kisI kI bhalI bAta bhI kharAba / paM0 ratna zrI horA muni mAtra manuSya kI hI bAta nahIM / yaha jIva kabhI sukha - sAgara meM nimagna deva nA to kabhI bhayaMkara bhayAvane bhaya aura asahya - duHkha kA ghara nArakI banA / isa taraha gati, jAti prAdi kI bAharI bhinnatA hI nahIM, bhItarI - guNasthAna, 'lezyA, puNyAnubaMdhI puNya Adi kI dRSTi se asaMkhya bheda zAstrakAroM ne kiye haiM / Jain Educationa International vibhinnatA vicitratA kA kAraNa karma : Akhira isa vibhinnatA - vicitratA, vibheda aura visadRzyatA kA kAraNa kyA hai ? vividhatA - viSamatA anekatA ke anekoM kAraNa evaM samAdhAna prApta hote haiM / vaidika paramparA isa bhinnatA kA kAraNa Izvara ko mAnatI hai to koI sAmAjika avyavasthA batAte haiM / kinhIM kA mantavya hai ki yaha mAtA-pitA kA doSa hai to koI Adata, kuTheva, ajJAnatA, svArtha, vAsanAmayI vRtti ko kAraNa mAnate haiM / *muni zrI ke pravacana se / paM0 zobhAcandra jaina dvArA sampAdita / For Personal and Private Use Only

Page #19
14 ] [ karma siddhAnta jaina darzana isa vibhinnatA kA kAraNa karma mAnatA hai / jaina mAnyatAnusAra jo jaisA karatA hai, vahI usakA phala bhogatA hai / eka prANI dUsare prANI ke karmaphala kA adhikArI nahIM ho sakatA, jaisA ki kahA hai "svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakam tadA // " uparyukta tathya ko hI hindI kavi ne nimna prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai- , "apane upArjita karmaphala ko jIva pAte haiM sabhIusake sivA koI kisI ko kucha nahIM detA kbhii| aisA samajhanA cAhiye ekAgra mana hokara sadA, dAtA apara hai bhoga kA isa buddhi ko khokara sadA // " karma ke aneka artha: karma zabda anekArthaka mAnA gayA hai| kAma-dhaMdhe ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga hotA hai / khAnA, pInA, calanA, phiranA Adi kriyA kA bhI karma zabda se vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra karmakANDI mImAMsaka yajJa.Adi kriyAkAMDa ke artha meM, smAta vidvAn brAhmaNa, kSatriya Adi cAroM varSoM tathA brahmacarya Adi cAroM AzramoM ke liye niyata kiye gaye karma rUpa artha meM, vyAkaraNa ke nirmAtA loga kartA dvArA kI jAne vAlI kriyA, jisa para kartA ke vyApAra kA phala giratA hai, isa artha meM, aura naiyAyika loga utkSepaNa-avakSepaNa Adi pA~ca sAMketika karmoM ke saMdarbha meM karma zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| parantu jaina darzana meM karma zabda eka vizeSa artha meM vyavahRta kiyA jAtA hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra karma naiyAyikoM yA vaizeSikoM kI bhA~ti kriyA rUpa nahIM hai kintu paudgalika dravya rUpa hai / AtmA ke sAtha pravAha rUpa se sambandha rakhane vAlA eka ajIva dravya hai| karma aura jIva kA sambandha : _bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMsAra ke ananta-ananta padArthoM ko mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai-jIva aura ajIva yA jar3a aura cetana / jIva ke sAtha jar3a kA saMyoga-sambandha hI saMsAra meM vividhatA, vicitratA aura vibhinnatA utpanna karatA hai / yadi vibhinnatA kA kAraNa mAtra cetana AtmA hotI to siddha avasthA meM bhI vibhinnatA hotI kintu aisA nahIM hai / isI prakAra mAtra jar3a bhI vicitratA-vibhinnatA kA kAraNa nahIM hai jaise binA jIva kA alokAkAza / ataH miTTI aura pAnI ke saMyoga kI taraha jar3a aura cetana ke saMyoga ko hI jaina darzana

Page #20
karma aura jIva kA sambandha ] [ 15 gati, jAti, yoni Adi kI vibhinnatA kA kAraNa mAnatA hai / vaha use Izvara, brahma yA zaktizAlI devoM kA kArya nahIM mAnatA hai / prazna hotA hai ki jIva kA jIva karma se sambandha kaba se hai ? jaina darzana isa sambandha ko khadAna se nikale sonA aura miTTI ke sambandha kI taraha anAdi mAnatA hai / sambandha do taraha ke hote haiM samavAya sambandha aura saMyoga sambandha / guNaguNI kA sambandha samavAya sambandha hai jo alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / jaise mizrI aura miThAsa, agni aura uSNatA, namaka aura khArApana, jIva aura jJAna, sUrya aura prakAza / lekina jIva aura jar3a karma kA sambandha saMyoga-sambandha hai jaise - dUdha aura pAnI, sonA aura miTTI, lohA aura agni, tAra aura bijalI, zarIra aura jIva / jIva aura karma kA sambandha samavAya sambandha na hokara saMyoga sambandha hai / I karma ke sambandha meM eka prazna aura uThatA hai ki yadi karma jar3a hai taba jar3a karma meM kisa prakAra phala dene kI zakti hai / pratyakSa meM hama dekhate haiM jar3a padArthoM kA anya jar3a padArthoM para bhI saMyoga ke kAraNa prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai jaise pArasa lohe ko svarNa rUpa meM parivartita kara detA hai / vastra vibhinna raMgoM ke paramANuoM kA saMyoga pAkara citra-vicitra raMgoM ko prApta hotA hai, isa taraha jar3a meM bhI saMyoga zakti ke kAraNa vibhinnatA AtI hai to phira jar3a cetana kA saMyoga pAkara adhika zaktivAlA bana jAya, usameM koI Azcarya nahIM ? spaSTa hI hama dekhate haiM- bhaMga zilA para ghoTI jAkara zilA meM nazA nahIM paidA kara pIne vAle cetana meM apanA pratyadhika prabhAva dikhAtI hai / jaina darzanAnusAra karma dravya rUpa va bhAva rUpa se do prakAra kA hai / jIva se sambaddha karma pudgala dravya karma aura dravya karma ke prabhAva se hone vAle jIva ke rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAva, bhAva karma hai / rAga-dveSa rUpa cintana se Atma pradezoM meM eka prakAra kI halacala - kaMpana hotI hai / isa prakAra pariNAma svarUpa karma pudgala AkRSTa ho cipaka jAte haiM / jaise kemarA AkRti ko, reDiyo dhvani ko aura cumbaka loha - kaNoM ko khIMcatA hai, vaise hI pariNAma dravya kArmaNa vargaNA ko AkarSita karatA hai, karma meM svayaM sukha-duHkha pradAna karane kI zakti nahIM hai kintu yaha zakti cetana dvArA pradatta hotI hai | cetana kA saMyoga pAkara karma kI zakti balavatara ho jAtI hai / jisake prabhAva se devendra, narendra, dharmendra tIrthaMkaroM ko bhI kaThora yaMtraNA bhoganI par3I / AtmA karma ke sAtha kisa prakAra Abaddha hotI hai, yaha tathya nimna dRSTAnta .dvArA sugamatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai / kalpanA kIjiye jaise zrApane eka gAya ke gale meM rassA DAla kara use bA~dha liyA / vaha gA~Tha gAya ke nahIM, camar3e ke nahIM

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[ karma-siddhAnta rasse se rasse ke sAtha lagI hai aura gAya baMdhI huI hai / prAtmA aura karma ke sAtha bhI yahI bAta hai / karma kI gA~Tha karma ke sAtha lagI hai, AtmA ke sAtha nahIM, kintu AtmA bandhana se phaMsa gayI hai / prAtmA arUpI aura karma rUpI hai, arUpI rUpI ke sAtha kabhI sambandha nahIM krtaa| vicitratA yahI hai ki karma ke sAtha karma ke bandhana se AtmA bandha rahI hai| jaise gA~Tha khula jAne se gAya mukta ho jAtI hai usI prakAra karma kI gA~Tha khula jAne para AtmA bhI svataMtra aura karma-bandhana se mukta ho jAtI hai| mAnava ke pAsa buddhi rUpa jJAna aura AcaraNa rUpa kriyA kA aisA anubhava rUpa bala, zakti hai ki vaha kaThina, gurutara, duSkara aura durbhadya ko bhI AsAna kara sakatA hai / jIva apane prayatna vizeSa se, puruSArtha se karma ko pRthak kara sakatA hai, yathA "malaM svarNagataM vahni, haMsaH kSIra gataM jalam / yathA pRthakkarotyeva, jantoH karma malaM tapaH / / " arthAt- jaise svarNa meM rahA huA mala agni ke tApa se, dUdha aura pAnI haMsa kI coMca se pRthaktva ko prApta hotA hai, usI prakAra karmamala tapa se naSTa ho jAtA hai| jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa dvArA yaha jIva karma kA pRthak-karaNa kara sakatA hai| hamArA jIvana vighna, bAdhA aura vipattiyoM se bharA par3A hai / inake kAraNa hamArI buddhi asthira ho jAtI hai / eka ora bAharI paristhiti pratikUla hotI hai to dUsarI ora ghabarAhaTa, cintA aura pApa ke prakaTIkaraNa se aMtaraMga sthiti ko hama svayaM apane hAthoM se bigAr3a lete haiN| aisI avasthA meM-"vipattikAle viparIta buddhiH" hone para bhUla para bhUla honA svAbhAvika hai| aMtatogatvA hama Arambha kiye kArya ko nirAza ho chor3a dete haiN| aise samaya meM karma siddhAnta zikSaka kA kArya karatA hai, puruSArtha kA pATha par3hAtA hai| vaha AtmA ko dhIraja . baMdhAtA hai / duHkha meM ghabarAhaTa aura sukha meM saMyata kara, ucchRkhala va uddaNDa hone se bacAtA hai| isa taraha jaina darzana meM pratipAdita karma siddhAnta puruSArtha para avalaMbita hai|

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karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana 0 zrI devendra muni zAstrI bhAratavarSa darzanoM kI janmasthalI hai, krIr3A bhUmi hai| yahA~ kI puNya bhUmi para AdikAla se hI AdhyAtmika cintana kI, darzana kI vicAradhArA bahatI calI A rahI hai / nyAya, sAMkhya, vedAnta, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka, bauddha aura jaina prabhRti aneka darzanoM ne yahA~ janma grahaNa kiyA, ve khUba phUle aura phle| unakI vicAradhArAe~ himAlaya kI coTI se bhI adhika U~cI, samudra se bhI adhika gaharI aura AkAza se bhI adhika vistRta haiM / bhAratIya darzana jIvana-darzana hai / kevala kamanIya kalpanA ke ananta gagana meM viharaNa karane kI apekSA yahA~ ke manISI dArzanikoM ne jIvana ke gambhIra va gahana praznoM para cintana, manana, vimarza karanA adhika upayukta smjhaa| etadartha yahA~ AtmA, paramAtmA, loka, karma Adi tattvoM para gaharAI se cintana, manana va vivecana kiyA gayA hai / unhoMne apanI tapazcaryA evaM sUkSma kuzAgra buddhi ke sahAre tattva kA jo vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha bhAratIya sabhyatA va dharma kA merudaNDa hai / isa virAT vizva meM bhArata ke mukha ko ujjvala-samujjvala rakhane meM tathA mastiSka ko unnata rakhane meM brahmavettAoM kI yaha AdhyAtmika sampadA sarvathA va sarvadA kAraNa rahI hai| mAnasika parAdhInatA ke paMka meM nimagna Adhunika bhAratIya pAzcAtya sabhyatA ke cAkacikya ke samakSa isa anupama vicAra-rAzi kI bhale hI avahelanA kareM kintu unheM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bhArata ati prAcIna kAla se gauravazAlI deza rahA hai to apane dArzanika cintana ke kAraNa hI / vastutaH tattvajJAna se hI bhAratIya saMskRti va sabhyatA kI pratiSThA hai| dArzanikavAdoM kI duniyA meM karmavAda kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| karmavAda ke marma ko samajhe binA bhAratIya darzana vizeSataH prAtmavAda kA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM ho sktaa| DaoNkTara hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke mantavyAnusAra "karmaphala kA siddhAnta bhAratavarSa kI apanI vizeSatA hai| punarjanma kA siddhAnta khojane kA prayatna anyAnya dezoM ke manISiyoM meM bhI pAyA jA sakatA hai, parantu isa karmaphala kA siddhAnta aura kahIM bhI nahIM miltaa|"

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18 ] [ karma siddhAnta ____ suprasiddha prAcya-vidyAvizArada kItha ne san 1906 kI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI kI patrikA meM eka bahuta hI vicArapUrNa lekha likhA thaa| usameM ve likhate haiM- "bhAratiyoM ke karma bandha kA siddhAnta nizcaya hI advitIya hai| saMsAra kI samasta jAtiyoM se unheM yaha siddhAnta alaga kara detA hai| jo koI bhI bhAratIya dharma aura sAhitya ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, vaha yaha ukta siddhAnta jAne binA agrasara nahIM ho sktaa|" jaina darzana kA mantavya : karmavAda ke samarthaka dArzanika cintakoM ne kAla Adi mAnyatAoM kA sundara samanvaya karate hue isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ki jaise kisI kArya kI utpatti kevala eka hI kAraNa para nahIM apitu aneka kAraNoM para avalaMbita hai vaise hI karma ke sAtha-sAtha kAla Adi bhI vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM ke antargata samAviSTa haiN| vizva-vaicitrya kA mukhya kAraNa karma hai aura kAla Adi usake sahakArI kAraNa haiM / karma ko pradhAna kAraNa mAnane se jana-jana ke mana meM AtmavizvAsa va Atmabala paidA hotA hai aura sAtha hI puruSArtha kA poSaNa hotA hai / sukha-duHkha kA pradhAna kAraNa anyatra na DhUr3hakara apane Apa meM DhUr3hanA buddhimattA hai| prAcArya siddhasena divAkara ne likhA hai ki "kAla, svabhAva, niyati, pUrvakRta karma aura puruSArtha ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM se kisI eka ko hI kAraNa mAnA jAya aura zeSa kAraNoM kI upekSA kI jAya, yaha ucita nahIM hai, ucita to yahI hai ki kArya niSpatti meM kAla Adi sabhI kAraNoM kA samanvaya kiyA jaay|" isI bAta kA samarthana AcArya haribhadra ne bhI kiyA hai| daiva, karma, bhAgya aura puruSArtha ke sambandha meM anekAnta dRSTi rakhanI cAhie / prAcArya samanta bhadra ne likhA hai-buddhipUrvaka karma na karane para bhI iSTa yA aniSTa vastu kI prApti honA devAdhIna hai / buddhipUrvaka prayatna se iSTAniSTa kI prApti honA puruSArtha ke adhIna hai| kahIM para daiva pradhAna hotA hai to kahIM para puruSArtha / daiva aura puruSArtha ke sahI samanvaya se hI artha siddhi hotI hai| jaina darzana meM jar3a aura cetana padArthoM ke niyAmaka ke rUpa meM Izvara yA puruSa kI sattA nahIM mAnI gaI hai| usakA mantavya hai ki Izvara yA brahma ko jagat kI utpatti, sthiti, saMhAra kA kAraNa yA niyAmaka mAnanA nirarthaka hai| karma Adi kAraNoM se hI prANiyoM ke janma, jarA aura maraNa Adi kI siddhi kI jA sakatI hai| kevala bhUtoM se hI jJAna, sukha, duHkha, bhAvanA Adi caitanyamUlaka dharmoM kI siddhi nahIM kara sakate / jar3a bhUtoM ke atirikta cetana tattva kI sattA ko mAnanA Avazyaka hI nahIM apitu anivArya hai| kabhI bhI mUrta-jar3a, amUrta-caitanya ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / jisameM jisa guNa kA pUrNa rUpa se prabhAva hai usa guNa ko vaha kabhI bhI utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / yadi isa prakAra nahIM mAnA jAye to

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karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 16 kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI vyavasthA hI nirarthaka ho jaaygii| phalasvarUpa hama bhUtoM ko bhI kisI kArya kA kAraNa mAnane ke lie bAdhya nahIM hoNge| aisI sthiti meM kisI kArya ke kAraNa kI anveSaNA karanA bhI nirarthaka hogaa| isalie jar3a aura cetana ina do prakAra ke tattvoM kI sattA mAnate hue karma-mUlaka vizvavyavasthA mAnanA tarka saMgata hai / karma apane naisargika svabhAva se apane Apa phala pradAna karane meM samartha hotA hai / karmavAda kI aitihAsika samIkSA : aitihAsika dRSTi se karmavAda para cintana karane para hameM sarvaprathama vedakAlIna karma sambandhI vicAroM para ciMtana karanA hogaa| upalabdha sAhitya meM veda sabase prAcIna haiM / vaidika yuga meM maharSiyoM ko karma sambandhI jJAna thA yA nahIM ? isa para vijJoM ke do mata haiM / kitane hI vijJoM kA yaha spaSTa abhimata hai ki vedoM-saMhitA granthoM meM karmavAda kA varNana nahIM pAyA hai, to kitane hI vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki vedoM ke racayitA RSigaraNa karmavAda ke jJAtA the| jo vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki vedoM meM karmavAda kI carcA nahIM hai unakA kahanA hai ki vaidika kAla ke RSiyoM ne prANiyoM meM rahe hae vaividhya aura vaicitrya kA anubhava to gaharAI se kiyA para unhoMne usake mUla kI anveSaNA antarAtmA meM na kara bAhya jagat meM kii| kisI ne kamanIya kalpanA ke gagana meM viharaNa karate hue kahA ki sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa eka bhautika tattva hai to dUsare RSi ne aneka bhautika tattvoM ko sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA / tIsare RSi ne prajApati brahmA ko hI sRSTi kI utpatti kA kAraNa mAnA / isa taraha vaidika yuga kA sampUrNa tattva cintana deva aura yajJa kI paridhi meM hI vikasita huaa| pahale vividha devoM kI kalpanA kI gaI aura usake pazcAt eka deva kI mahattA sthApita kI gii| jIvana meM sukha aura vaibhava kI upalabdhi ho, zatrujana parAjita hoM ataH devoM kI prArthanAe~ kI gaIM aura sajIva va nirjIva padArthoM kI AhUtiyA~ pradAna kI giiN| yajJa karma kA zanaiH zanaiH vikAsa huaa| isa prakAra yaha vicAradhArA saMhitA kAla se lekara brAhmaNa kAla taka kramaza: vikasita huii| AraNyaka va upaniSad yuga meM devavAda va yajJavAda kA mahattva kama hone lagA aura aise naye vicAra sAmane Aye jinakA saMhitAkAla va brAhmaNakAla meM abhAva thA / upaniSadoM se pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya meM karma viSayaka cintana kA abhAva hai para prAraNyaka va upaniSadakAla meM adRSTa rUpa karma kA varNana milatA hai| yaha satya hai ki karma ko vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mAnane meM upaniSadoM kA bhI ekamata nahIM rahA hai / zvetAzvatara-upaniSad ke prArambha meM kAla, svabhAva,

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20 ] [ karma siddhAnta niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta aura puruSa ko hI vizva-vaicitrya kA kAraNa mAnA hai, karma ko nhiiN| jo vidvAn yaha mAnate haiM ki vedoM-saMhitA graMthoM meM karmavAda kA varNana hai, unakA kahanA hai ki vedoM meM "karmavAda yA karmagati" Adi zabda bhale hI na hoM kintu unameM karmavAda kA ullekha avazya huA hai / Rgveda saMhitA ke nimna maMtra isa bAta ke jvalanta pramANa haiM-zubhaspatiH (zubhakarmoM ke rakSaka), dhiyaspatiH (satkAryoM ke rakSaka), vicarSaNiH tathA vizvacarSaNiH (zubha aura azubha karmoM ke draSTA), "vizvasya karmaNo dhartA" (sabhI karmoM ke AdhAra) Adi pada devoM ke vizeSaNoM ke rUpa meM vyavahRta hue haiN| kitane hI maMtroM meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki zubha karma karane se amaratva kI upalabdhi hotI hai / karmoM ke anusAra hI jIva aneka bAra saMsAra meM janma letA hai aura maratA hai| vAmadeva ne apane aneka pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA hai| pUrvajanma ke duSkRtyoM se hI loga pApa karma meM pravRtta hote haiM- Adi ullekha vedoM ke maMtroM meM haiN| pUrvajanma ke pApa kRtyoM se mukta hone ke lie hI mAnava devoM kI abhyarthanA karatA hai| vedamaMtroM meM saMcita aura prArabdha karmoM kA bhI varNana hai / sAtha hI devayAna aura pitRyAna kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zreSTha karma karane vAle loga devayAna se brahmaloka ko jAte haiM aura sAdhAraNa karma karane vAle pitayAna se candraloka jAte haiN| Rgveda meM pUrvajanma ke nikRSTa karmoM ke bhoga ke lie jIva kisa prakAra vRkSa, latA Adi sthAvara zarIroM meM praviSTa hotA hai, isakA varNana hai| "mA vo bhujemAnyajAtameno", "mA vA eno anyakRtaM bhujema" Adi maMtroM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki eka jIva dUsare jIva ke dvArA kiye gaye karmoM ko bhI bhoga sakatA hai aura usase bacane ke lie sAdhaka ne ina maMtroM meM prArthanA kI hai| mukhya rUpa se jo jIva karma karatA hai vahI usake phala kA upabhoga bhI karatA hai, para viziSTa zakti ke prabhAva se eka jIva ke karmaphala ko dUsarA bhI bhoga sakatA hai| upayukta donoM matoM kA gaharAI se anucintana karane para aisA spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki vedoM meM karma sambandhI mAnyatAoM kA pUrNa rUpa se prabhAva to nahIM hai, para devavAda aura yajJavAda ke prabhutva se karmavAda kA vizleSaNa ekadama gauNa ho gayA hai / yaha satya hai ki karma kyA hai, ve kisa prakAra baMdhate haiM aura kisa prakAra prANI unase mukta hote haiM Adi jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna vaidika saMhitAoM meM nahIM hai / vahA~ para mukhya rUpa se, yajJakarma ko hI karma mAnA hai aura kadama-kadama para devoM se sahAyatA ke lie yAcanA kI hai| jaba yajJa aura deva kI apekSA karmavAda kA mahattva adhika bar3hane lagA, taba usake samarthakoM ne ukta donoM vAdoM kA karmavAda ke sAtha samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA aura yajJa se hI samasta phaloM kI prApti svIkAra kii| isa mantavya kA dArzanika rUpa mImAMsA darzana hai| yajJa viSayaka vicAraNA ke sAtha deva viSayaka vicAraNA kA bhI vikAsa huaa|

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karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 21 brAhmaNakAla meM aneka devoM ke sthAna para eka prajApati deva kI pratiSThA huI, unhoMne bhI karma ke sAtha prajApati kA samanvaya kara kahA-prANo apane karma ke anusAra phala avazya prApta karatA hai parantu phala prApti apane Apa na hokara prajApati ke dvArA hotI hai| prajApati (Izvara) jIvoM ko apane apane karma ke anusAra phala pradAna karatA hai| vaha nyAyAdhIza kI taraha hai| isa vicAradhArA kA dArzanika rUpa nyAya, vaizeSika, sezvarasAMkhya aura vedAnta darzana meM huA hai| yajJa Adi anuSThAnoM ko vaidika paramparA meM karma kahA gayA hai, ve asthAyI haiM, usI samaya samApta ho jAte haiM, ataH ve kisa prakAra phala pradAna kara sakate haiM ? isalie phala pradAna karane vAle eka adRSTa padArtha kI kalpanA kI, use mImAMsA darzana ne "apUrva" kahA / vaizeSika darzana meM "adRSTa" eka guNa mAnA gayA hai, jisake dharma-adharma rUpa ye do bheda haiM / nyAyadarzana meM dharma aura adharma ko saMskAra kahA hai / acche bure karmoM kA AtmA para saMskAra par3atA hai, vaha adRSTa hai| adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai / jaba taka usakA phala nahIM mila jAtA taba taka vaha AtmA ke sAtha rahatA hai| usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se milatA hai / caki yadi Izvara karmaphala kI vyavasthA na kare to karma niSphala ho jAe~ / sAMkhya karma ko prakRti kA vikAra kahatA hai / zreSTha aura kaniSTha pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai / usa prakRtigata saMskAra se hI karmoM ke phala prApta hote haiM / isa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM karmavAda kA vikAsa huA hai / bauddhadarzana meM karma: ___ bauddha aura jaina ye donoM karma-pradhAna zramaNa-saMskRti kI dhArAe~ haiN| bauddha paramparA ne bhI karma kI adRSTa zakti para cintana kiyA hai| usakA abhimata hai ki jIvoM meM jo vicitratA dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha karmakRta hai| lobha (rAga), dveSa aura moha se karma kI utpatti hotI hai| rAgadveSa aura mohayukta hokara prANI, mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai aura rAga-dveSa aura moha ko utpanna karatA hai / isa taraha saMsAra-cakra nirantara calatA rahatA hai / jisa cakra kA na Adi hai na anta hai, kintu vaha anAdi hai / eka bAra rAjA milinda ne AcArya nAgasena se jijJAsA prastuta kI ki jIva dvArA kiye gaye karmoM kI sthiti kahA~ hai ? samAdhAna karate hue AcArya ne kahA-yaha dikhalAyA nahIM jA sakatA ki karma kahA~ rahate haiN| 'visuddimagga' meM karma ko arUpI kahA hai / abhidhamma koSa meM use avijJapti kA rUpa kahA hai| yaha rUpa sapratigha na hokara apratigha hai / sautrAMtika mata kI dRSTi se karma kA samAveza arUpa meM haiM, ve avijJapti ko nahIM maante| bauddhoM ne karma ko sUkSma mAnA hai| mana, vacana aura kAya kI jo pravRtti hai vaha karma

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22 ] [ karma siddhAnta kahalAtI hai para vaha vijJapti rUpa hai, pratyakSa hai| yahA~ para karma kA tAtparya mAtra pratyakSa pravatti nahIM, kintu pratyakSa karmajanya saMskAra hai| bauddha paribhASA meM ise vAsanA aura avijJapti kahA hai / mAnasika kriyAjanya saMskAra karma ko vAsanA kahA hai aura vacana evaM kAyajanya saMskAra karma ko avijJapti kahA hai| vijJAnavAdI bauddha karma ko vAsanA zabda se pukArate haiN| prajJAkara kA abhimata hai ki jitane bhI kArya haiM ve sabhI vAsanAjanya haiN| Izvara ho yA karma (kriyA) pradhAna (prakRti) ho yA anya kucha, ina sabhI kA mUla vAsanA hai / Izvara ko nyAyAdhIza mAnakara yadi vizva kI vicitratA kI upapatti kI jAe to bhI vAsanA ko mAne binA kArya nahIM ho sakatA / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to Izvara, pradhAna, karma ina sabhI saritAoM kA pravAha vAsanA-samudra meM milakara eka ho jAtA hai| ___ zUnyavAdI mata ke mantavya ke anusAra anAdi avidyA kA apara nAma hI vAsanA hai| vilakSaNa varNana : jaina sAhitya meM karmavAda ke sambandha meM paryApta vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM pratipAdita karma-vyavasthA kA jo vaijJAnika rUpa hai usakA kisI bhI bhAratIya paramparA meM darzana nahIM hotA / jaina paramparA isa dRSTi se sarvathA vilakSaNa hai| karma kA artha : karma kA zAbdika artha kArya, pravRtti yA kriyA hai| jo kucha bhI kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma hai / sonA, baiThanA, khAnA, pInA Adi / jIvana vyavahAra meM jo kucha bhI kArya kiyA jAtA hai vaha karma kahalAtA hai / vyAkaraNa zAstra ke kartA pANinI ne 'karma' kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahA-jo kartA ke lie atyanta iSTa ho vaha karma hai / vaizeSika darzana meM karma kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai-jo eka dravya meM samavAya se rahatA ho, jisameM koI guNa na ho, aura jo saMyoga yA vibhAga meM kAraNAntara kI apekSA na kare / sAMkhya darzana meM saMskAra ke artha meM karma zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| gItA meM karmazIlatA ko kameM kahA hai| nyAya zAstra meM utkSeSaNa, apakSeSaNa, Akucana, prasAraNa tathA gamana rUpa pAMca prakAra kI kriyAoM ke lie karma zabda vyavahRta huA hai / smArta vidvAn cAra varNoM aura cAra AzramoM ke kartavyoM ko karma kI saMjJA pradAna karate haiM / paurANika loga vrata-niyama Adi dhArmika kriyAoM ko karma rUpa kahate haiN| bauddha darzana jIvoM kI vicitratA ke kAraNa ko karma kahatA hai jo vAsanA rUpa hai / jaina paramparA meM karma do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai-bhAvakarma aura dravyakarma / rAgadveSAtmaka pariNAma arthAt

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karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 23 kaSAya bhAvakarma kahalAtA hai / kArmaNa jAti kA pudgala-jar3atattva vizeSa jo ki kaSAya ke kAraNa prAtmA-cetana tattva ke sAtha mila jAtA hai dravyakarma kahalAtA hai / prAcArya amRtacandra ne likhA hai-AtmA ke dvArA prApta hone se kriyA ko karma kahate haiM / usa kriyA ke nimitta se pariNamana-vizeSa prApta pudgala bhI karma hai / karma jo pudgala kA hI eka vizeSa rUpa hai, AtmA se bhinna eka vijAtIya tattva hai / jaba taka prAtmA ke sAtha isa vijAtIya tattva karma kA saMyoga hai, tabhI taka saMsAra hai aura isa saMyoga ke nAza hone para AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| vibhinna paramparAmoM meM karma : jaina paramparA meM jisa artha meM 'karma' zabda vyavahRta huA hai, usa yA usase milate-julate artha meM bhArata ke vibhinna darzanoM meM mAyA, avidyA, prakRti, apUrva, vAsanA, Azaya, dharmAdharma, adRSTa, saMskAra, daiva, bhAgya Adi zabdoM kA prayoga hunA hai / vedAnta darzana meM mAyA, avidyA aura prakRti zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM apUrva zabda prayukta huA hai| bauddha darzana meM vAsanA aura avijJapti zabdoM kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM 'Azaya' zabda vizeSa rUpa se milatA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM adRSTa, saMskAra aura dharmAdharma zabda vizeSa rUpa se pracalita haiM / daiva, bhAgya, puNya-pApa Adi aise aneka zabda haiM jinakA prayoga sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI darzanoM meM huA hai / bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka cArvAka darzana hI aisA darzana hai jisakA karmavAda meM vizvAsa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha AtmA kA svataMtra astitva hI nahIM mAnatA isalie karma aura usake dvArA hone vAle punarbhava, paraloka Adi ko bhI vaha nahIM mAnatA hai, kintu zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzana kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma kI sattA mAnate hI haiN| __nyAya darzana ke abhimatAnusAra rAga, dvoSa aura moha ina tIna doSoM se preraNA saMprApta kara jIvoM meM mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ hotI haiM aura usase dharma aura adharma kI utpatti hotI hai| ye dharma aura adharma saMskAra kahalAte haiN| vaizeSika darzana meM caubIsa guNa mAne gaye haiM unameM eka adRSTa bhI hai / yaha. guNa saMskAra se pRthak hai aura dharma-adharma ye do usake bheda haiM / isa taraha nyAyadarzana meM dharma-adharma kA samAveza saMskAra meM kiyA gayA hai| unhIM dharma-adharma ko vaizeSika darzana meM adRSTa ke antargata liyA gayA hai| rAga Adi doSoM se saMskAra hotA hai, saMskAra se janma, janma se rAga Adi doSa aura una doSoM se punaH saMskAra utpanna hote haiN| isa taraha jIvoM kI saMsAra-paramparA bIjAMkuravat anAdi hai| sAMkhya yoga darzana ke abhimatAnusAra avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura

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24 ] [ karma siddhAnta abhiniveza ina pA~ca klezoM se kliSTavRtti utpanna hotI hai| prastuta kliSTavRtti se dharmAdharma rUpI saMskAra paidA hotA hai| saMskAra ko Azaya, vAsanA, karma aura apUrva bhI kahA jAtA hai / kleza aura saMskAra ko bIjAMkuravat anAdi mAnA hai| ___ mImAMsA darzana kA abhimata hai ki mAnava dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA yajJa Adi anuSThAna apUrva nAmaka padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai aura vaha apUrva hI yajJa Adi jitane bhI anuSThAna kiye jAte haiM una sabhI karmoM kA phala detA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to veda dvArA prarUpita karma se utpanna hone vAlI yogyatA yA zakti kA nAma apUrva hai / vahA~ para anya karmajanya sAmarthya ko apUrva nahIM kahA hai / vedAnta darzana kA mantavya hai ki anAdi avidyA yA mAyA hI vizvavaicitrya kA kAraNa hai / Izvara karma ke anusAra jIva ko phala pradAna karatA hai, isalie phala prApti karma se nahIM apitu Izvara se hotI hai| bauddha darzana kA abhimata hai ki manojanya saMskAra vAsanA hai aura vacana aura kAyajanya saMskAra avijJapti hai / lobha, dveSa aura moha se karmoM kI utpatti hotI hai / lobha, dveSa aura moha se hI prANI mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyA~ karatA hai aura usase punaH lobha, dveSa aura moha paidA karatA hai, isa taraha anAdi kAla se yaha saMsAra cakra cala rahA hai / jaina darzana meM karma kA svarUpa : anya darzanakAra karma ko jahA~ saMskAra yA vAsanA rUpa mAnate haiM vahA~ jainadarzana use paudgalika mAnatA hai| yaha eka parakhA huA siddhAnta hai ki jisa vastu kA jo guNa hotA hai vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA guNa usake lie AvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkha kA hetu nahIM ho sktaa| karma AtmA ke prAvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkhoM kA kAraNa hai, guNoM kA vighAtaka hai, ataH vaha AtmA kA guNa nahIM ho sktaa| ber3I se mAnava baMdhatA hai, madirApAna se pAgala hotA hai aura klorophArma se bebhAna / ye sabhI paudgalika vastue~ haiN| ThIka isI taraha karma ke saMyoga se AtmA kI bhI ye dazAe~ hotI haiM, ataH karma bhI paudgalika haiN| ber3I Adi kA bandhana bAharI hai, alpa sAmarthya vAlA hai kintu karma AtmA ke sAtha cipake hue haiM, adhika sAmarthya vAle sUkSma skandha haiM etadartha hI ber3I Adi kI apekSA karmaparamAraNutroM kA jIvAtmA para bahuta gaharA aura aAntarika prabhAva par3atA hai / jo pudagala-paramANu karma rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM karma vargaNA kahate haiM aura jo zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hote haiM unheM nokarma vargaNA kahate haiM / loka

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karmavAda : eka vizleSaNAtmaka adhyayana ] [ 25 ina donoM prakAra ke paramANuoM se pUrNa hai / zarIra paudgalika hai, usakA kAraNa karma hai, ataH vaha bhI paudgalika hai| paudgalika kArya kA samavAyI kAraNa paudgalika hai / miTTI Adi bhautika haiM aura unase nirmita hone vAlA padArtha bhI bhautika hI hogaa| anukUla AhAra Adi se sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai aura zastrAdi ke prahAra se duHkhAnubhUti hotI hai| AhAra aura zastra jaise paudgalika haiM vaise hI sukha-duHkha ke pradAtA karma bhI paudgalika haiM / bandha kI daSTi se jIva aura pUdagala donoM bhinna nahIM haiM kintu ekameka haiM, para lakSaNa kI dRSTi se donoM pRthaka-pRthaka haiN| jIva amUrta va cetanA yukta hai jabaki pudgala mUrta aura acetana hai| indriyoM ke viSaya-sparza, rasa, gaMdha, rUpa aura zabda ye mUrta haiM aura unakA upabhoga karane vAlI indriyA~ bhI mUrta haiN| unase utpanna hone vAlA sukha-duHkha bhI mUrta hai, ataH unake kAraNabhUta kama bhI mUrta haiN| mUrta hI mUrta ko sparza karatA hai / murta hI mUrta se baMdhatA hai| amUrta jIva mUrta karmoM ko avakAza detA hai / vaha una karmoM se avakAzarUpa ho jAtA hai / gItA, upaniSad Adi meM zreSTha aura kaniSTha kAryoM ke artha meM "karma" zabda vyavahRta huA hai / vaise jaina darzana meM karma zabda kriyA kA vAcaka nahIM rahA hai / usake mantavyAnusAra vaha AtmA para lage hue sUkSma paudgalika padArtha kA vAcaka hai| ___ jIva apane mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRttiyoM se karma-vargaNA ke pudagaloM ko AkarSita karatA hai / mana, vacana aura kAya kI pravRtti tabhI hotI hai jaba jIva ke sAtha karma kA sambaddha ho / jIva ke sAtha karma tabhI sambaddha hotA hai jaba mana, vacana, kAya kI pravRtti ho / isa taraha pravRtti se karma aura karma se pravRtti kI paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karma aura pravRtti ke kArya aura kAraNa bhAva ko lakSya meM rakhate hue pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDarUpa karma ko dravyakarma kahA hai aura rAga-dvaSAdi rUpa pravRttiyoM ko bhAvakarma kahA hai| isa taraha karma ke mukhya rUpa se do bheda hue- dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma / dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma kAraNa hai / jaise vRkSa se bIja aura bIja se vRkSa kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai, isI prakAra dravyakarma se bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma se dravya karma kA silasilA bhI anAdi hai| karma para cintana karate samaya yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jar3a aura

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26 ] [ karma siddhAnta cetana tattvoM ke sammizraNa se hI karma kA nirmANa hotA hai / dravyakarma ho yA bhAvakarma usameM jar3a aura cetana nAmaka donoM prakAra ke tattva mile rahate haiM / jar3a aura cetana ke mizraNa hue binA karma kI racanA nahIM ho sakatI / dravya aura bhAvakarma meM pudgala aura AtmA kI pradhAnatA aura apradhAnatA mukhya hai, kintu eka dUsare ke sadbhAva aura prasadbhAva kA kAraNa mukhya nahIM hai / dravyakarma meM paudgalika tattva kI mukhyatA hotI hai aura Atmika tattva gauNa hotA hai / bhAvakarma meM Atmika tattva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura paudgalika tattva gauNa hotA hai / prazna hai dravyakarma ko pudgala paramANutroM ko zuddha piNDa mAneM to karma aura pudgala meM antara hI kyA rahegA ? isI taraha bhAvakarma ko AtmA kI zuddha pravRtti mAnI jAya to AtmA aura karma meM bheda kyA rahegA ? uttara meM nivedana hai ki karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva para cintana karate samaya saMsArI AtmA aura mukta AtmA kA antara smaraNa rakhanA cAhie / karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA sambandha saMsArI AtmA se hai, mukta AtmA se nahIM hai / saMsArI AtmA karmoM se baMdhA hai, usameM caitanya aura jar3atva kA mizraNa hai / mukta AtmA karmoM se rahita hotA hai aura usameM vizuddha caitanya hI hotA hai / baddha AtmA kI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika pravRtti ke kAraNa jo pudgala paramANu AkRSTa hokara paraspara eka-dUsare ke sAtha mila jAte haiM, nIrakSIravat eka ho jAte haiM, ve karma kahalAte haiM / isa taraha karma bhI jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa hai / prazna ho sakatA hai ki saMsArI AtmA bhI jar3a aura cetana kA mizraNa hai aura karma meM bhI vahI bAta hai, taba donoM meM antara kyA hai ? uttara hai ki saMsArI AtmA kA cetana aMza jIva kahalAtA hai aura jar3a aMza karma kahalAtA hai / ve cetana aura jar3a aMza isa prakAra ke nahIM haiM jinakA saMsAra avasthA meM alagaalaga rUpa se anubhava kiyA jA sake / inakA pRthakkaraNa muktAvasthA meM hI hotA hai / saMsArI AtmA sadaiva karma yukta hI hotI hai / jaba vaha karma se mukta ho jAtI hai taba vaha saMsArI AtmA nahIM, mukta AtmA kahalAtI hai / karma jaba AtmA se pRthak ho jAtA hai taba vaha karma nahIM zuddha pudgala kahalAtA hai / AtmA se sambaddha pudgala dravyakarma hai aura dravyakarma yukta AtmA kI pravRtti bhAvakarma hai / gaharAI se cintana karane para AtmA aura pudgala ke tIna rUpa hote haiM - ( 1 ) zuddha AtmA - jo muktAvasthA meM hai, ( 2 ) zuddha pudgala, (3) zrAtmA aura pudgala kA sammizraNajo saMsArI AtmA meM hai / karma ke kartRtva aura bhoktRtva kA sambandha AtmA aura pudgala kI sammizraNa avasthA meM hai / Jain Educationa International * * For Personal and Private Use Only

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karma kA astitva / yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni jainadarzana yA kaI anya darzana AtmA ko apane zuddha mUla svabhAva kI dRSTi se samAna mAnate haiM / mUlataH AtmAoM ke svarUpa meM koI antara nahIM hai| parantu vizva ke vizAla maMca para sabhI dharmoM aura darzanoM ke vyaktiyoM se lekara sAdhAraNa janatA taka sabhI kA yaha pratyakSa anubhava hai ki sabhI AtmAeM eka-sI nahIM haiM, ekarUpa nahIM haiN| jidhara dRSTi daur3Ate haiM, udhara hI vividhatA, vicitratA aura vibhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| ina vibhinnatAoM kI daSTi se hI dharmazAstroM meM 4 gatiyAM aura 84 lAkha jIva-yoniyAM mAnI gaI haiN| sabhI gatiyoM aura yoniyoM kI paristhiti bhI eka-sI nahIM hai| koI pazu-pakSI rUpa meM hai to koI manuSya rUpa meM hai, koI devatA rUpa meM hai to koI nArakajIva ke rUpa meM hai| itanA hI nahIM, eka hI taraha ke prANiyoM meM bhI hajAroM-lAkhoM bheda kI rekhAeM haiN| eka manuSya jAti ko hI le leM, usameM bhI koI krUra hai, to koI dayAlu hai, koI saralatA kI mUrti hai to koI kuTilatA kI pratimUrti, koI saMyamI hai to koI parale darje kA asaMyamI; koI lobhI-lAlacI hai to koI santoSI udAra hai; koI rAga-dvaSa se atyanta lipta hai, to koI vItarAga hai| manuSyoM meM bhI zarIra, mana, buddhi, dhana Adi ko lekara bhI asaMkhya bhinnatAeM haiM / koI zarIra se dubalA-patalA hai to koI haTTA-kaTTA, moTA-tAjA, koI sundara surUpa hai to koI kAlA kurUpa hai, koI janma se hI rogI hai, to koI bilakula svastha evaM nIrogI hai ; kisI kA zarIra bilakula beDola, baunA, aMgahIna hai, to kisI kA suDola, kadAvara evaM pUrNAMga hai| koI alpAyu hai to koI cirAyu, koI roba vAlA hai, to koI sarvathA prabhAvahIna / koI ahaMkAra kA putalA hai to koI namra evaM nirabhimAna / koI mAyAvI evaM kapaTI hai to dUsarA bilakula sarala, nizchala evaM niSkapaTa / koI duHkha kI bhaTTI meM burI taraha tapa rahA hai, jabaki koI sukha caina kI baMsI bajA rahA hai / koI nipaTa mUrkha, nirakSara bhaTTAcArya hai, to koI buddhimAna aura pratibhAzAlI hai| kisI ke pAsa dhana kA Dhera lagA huA hai to koI paise-paise ke lie muhatAja ho rahA hai| koI choTA hai to koI bar3A / koI bAlaka hai, koI yuvaka hai, koI vRddha hai| prazna hai ki yaha vibhinnatA kyoM ? 'ege AyA' (AtmA samAna hai) ke 1. sthAnAMga sUtra sU0 1 /

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28 ] [ karma siddhAnta sUtrAnusAra AtmA jaba AtmA hai to usakA rUpa eka-sA honA cAhie | itanI virUpatA aura vicitratA kyoM ? eka hI tattva meM do virodhI rUpa nahIM hone cAhie / yadi haiM to unameM se koI eka hI rUpa maulika evaM vAstavika honA caahie| donoM to vAstavika evaM maulika nahIM ho sakate / ataH AtmA ke kisa rUpa ko vAstavika mAnA jAe ? andhakAra aura prakAza donoM eka nahIM ho sakate / isakA samAdhAna jainadarzana ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - AtmAoM kI yaha vibhinnatA, vividhatA yA virUpatA unakI apanI nahIM hai, svarUpagata nahIM hai / AtmA to zuddha sonA hai / mUlataH usameM koI bheda nahIM hai, kisI bhI prakAra kI vividhatA yA virUpatA nahIM hai / jo AtmA kA svarUpa nigoda ke jIva meM hai, vahI svarUpa nArakI, tiryaMcoM, devoM aura manuSyoM kI AtmA kA hai, vahI svarUpa mokSagata mukta AtmAoM kA hai, isameM tilamAtra bhI bheda nahIM hai / adhyAtma jagat ke vizleSaNakAra jaina kavi dyAnatarAyajI kaha rahe haiM : jo goda meM so mujha mAMhI, soI hai zivathAnA / 'dyAnata' nihace raMcabheda nahIM, jAne so mativAnA || ApA prabhu jAnA, maiM jAnA / ataH yaha nizcita siddhAnta hai ki dravya dRSTi se, arthAt apane mUla svarUpa se sabhI AtmAeM zuddha haiM,' eka svarUpa haiM, 2 zuddha koI nahIM hai / jo azuddhatA hai, virUpatA hai, bheda hai, vibhinnatA hai, vaha saba vibhAva se paryAya dRSTi se hai / jisa prakAra jala meM uSNatA bAhara ke tejas padArthoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra zrAtmA meM bhI kAma, krodha, lobha, moha, bhaya, sukha-duHkha prAdi kI virUpatA - vibhinnatA bAhara se AtI hai, andara se nahIM / andara meM hara AtmA meM caitanya kA prakAza jagamagA rahA hai / prazna hotA hai, AtmAoM meM vibhinnatA, virUpatA yA azuddhi ahetuka yA Akasmika hai yA sahetuka - sakAraNaka ? yadi azuddhatA ko ahetuka mAnA jAe to phira vaha kabhI dUra nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki vaha phira sadA ke lie rahegI / aisI sthiti meM AtmA meM suSupta paramAtma tattva ko jagAne, AtmA ke ananta prakAza ko AvRtta karane vAle AvaraNoM se mukti pAne kI sAdhanA kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA / isalie jala meM AI huI uSNatA kI taraha AtmA meM AI huI azuddhatA sahetuka hai, zrahetuka nahIM / 1. savve suddhA hu suddharaNayA' - dravya saMgraha | 2. ege AyA - sthAnAMga sU0 1 /

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karma kA astitva ] [ 26 isa dRzyamAna vizva meM do prakAra ke padArtha dikhAI dete haiM-cetana (jIva) aura acetana (jar3a yA ajiiv)| donoM ke guNa-dharma, astitva aura kriyAeM pRthak-pRthak haiN| taba phira inameM vikAra, vibhinnatA aura azuddhatA dikhane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? kAraNa hai-vijAtIya padArtha kA saMyoga / pratyeka padArtha ke samAna guNa-dharma, nijI svabhAva tathA usase mela khAne vAlI kriyA se sambandhita padArtha sajAtIya kahalAtA hai| tathA usa padArtha ke svabhAva, guNa dharma tathA kriyA se viparIta svabhAva, guNadharma yA kriyA vAlA padArtha kahalAtA hai-vijAtIya / sajAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga se vikAra paidA nahIM hotA, vikAra paidA hotA hai-sajAtIya ke sAtha vijAtIya padArthoM ke saMyoga ke kAraNa / jIva ke lie ajIva vijAtIya padArtha hai| jaba jIva ke sAtha ajIva kA saMyoga hotA hai to jIva (AtmA) meM vikAra utpanna hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai-karma nAma kA yaha ajIva hI eka vijAtIya padArtha hai, jo AtmAoM kI zuddhatA ko bhaMga karake unakI sthiti meM bheda DAlatA hai, virUpatA yA vibhinnatA paidA karatA hai / jaise sau TaMcI sonA zuddha hai, sabhI sonA svarNa dRSTi se samAna hai, lekina usameM vijAtIya tattva 'khoTa' mila jAne para vividhatA yA virUpatA paidA ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra zuddha prAtmAnoM ke sAtha karma nAmaka vijAtIya ajIva pudgala mila jAne se AtmAoM meM virUpatA yA vibhinnatA paidA ho jAtI hai / vizva kI AtmAoM (jIvoM) meM azuddhatA, vibhinnatA yA viSamatAmoM kA bhI eka bIja hai-vijAtIya kAraNa hai jisakA svabhAva AtmA se alaga hai, vaha bIja (kAraNa) hai-karma / isIlie AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai 'kammuNA uvAhI jAyaha' / ' karma bIja ke kAraNa hI jIvoM kI nAnA upAdhiyAM haiM, vividha avasthAeM haiN| AtmA kI vibhinna sAMsArika pariNatiyoM-avasthAoM ke lie sabhI AtmavAdI dArzanikoM ne karma ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai / bhagavatI sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA isI prakAra kA uttara diyA hai : 'kammoNaM bhaMte ! jIve, no-akammo vimattibhAvaM pariNamaI ? kammoNaM, jao No akamma o vimattibhAvaM pariNamaI / / 1. AcArAMga sUtra 1 / 3 / 1 / 2. bhagavatI sUtra 12 / 5 /

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30 ] [ karma siddhAnta pratyeka jIva ke sukhaHduHkha tathA tatsambandhI nAnAvidha sthitiyAM kyA karma kI vividhatA-vicitratA para avalambita haiM, akarma para to nahIM haiM ? gautama ! samasta saMsArI jIvoM ke karmabIja bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa hI unakI sthiti aura dazA meM antara hai, vibhinnatA hai, akarma ke kAraNa nhiiN| AcArya devendra sUri ise aura adhika spaSTatA ke sAtha kahate haiM : 'kSmAbhRdraMkayormanISijaDayoH sadpa-nirUpayoH, zrImad - durgatayorbalAbalavatArnIrogarogAtayoH / saubhAgyA'subhagatvasaMgamajuSostulye'ti nRtve'ntaraM, yattatkarmanibandhanaM tadapi no jIva vinA yuktimat / / ' rAjA-raMka, buddhimAna-mUrkha, surUpa-kurUpa, dhanika-nirdhana, sabala-nirbala, rogI-nirogI, bhAgyazAlI-abhAgA, ina saba meM manuSyatva samAna hone para bhI jo antara dikhAI detA hai, vaha saba karmakRta hai aura vaha karma jIva (AtmA) ke binA ho nahIM sktaa| karma ke astitva ko siddha karane ke lie isase bar3hakara aura kyA pramANa ho sakatA hai ? kaI loga, jinameM mukhya rUpa se nAstika, cArvAka Adi haiM, kahate haiMkarma siddhAnta ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai, isI loka meM pAMca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se acchA-burA jo kucha milatA hai, mila jAtA hai, isase Age kucha nahIM hotA, zarIra jalakara yahIM khAka ho jAtA hai, phira kahIM pAnA hai, na jAnA hai / parantu cArvAka ke isa kathana kA khaNDana isa bAta se ho jAtA hai / eka sarIkhI miTTI aura eka hI kumhAra dvArA banAye jAne vAle ghar3oM meM paMcabhUta samAna hote hue bhI antara kyoM dikhAI detA hai ? isI prakAra eka hI mAtA-pitA ke do, eka sAtha utpanna hue bAlakoM meM sAdhana aura paMcabhUta eka se hone para bhI unakI buddhi, zakti Adi meM antara pAyA jAtA hai, isa antara kA kAraNa karma kopUrvakRta karma ko mAne binA koI cArA nhiiN| yahI bAta jina bhadra gaNi kSamAzramaNa kara rahe haiM jo tullasAhaNANaM phale viseso Na so viNA heuM / kajjataNao goyamA ! ghaDovva heU ya so kamma / / eka sarIkhe sAdhana hone para bhI phala (pariNAma) meM jo tAratamya yA antara mAnava jagata meM dikhAI de rahA hai, binA kAraNa ke nahIM ho sktaa| jaise 1. karmagraMtha, prathama TIkA / 2. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya /

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karma kA astitva ] [ 31 eka sarIkhI miTTI aura eka hI kumhAra dvArA banAye jAne vAle ghar3oM meM vibhinnatA pAI jAtI hai, vaise hI eka sarIkhe sAdhana hone para bhI mAnavoM meM jo antara pAyA jAtA hai, usakA koI na koI kAraNa honA cAhie, gautama ! vividhatA kA vaha kAraNa karma hI hai| paMcAdhyAyI meM isI siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai ___eko daridra eko hi zrImAniti ca karmaNaH / ' karma kI siddhi meM yahI akATya pramANa hai-isa saMsAra meM koI daridra hai to koI dhanI (yaha karma ke hI kAraNa hai)| ' AtmA ko maNi kI upamA dete hue tattvArtha zloka vArtika meM isI tathya kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai 'malAvRtamaNevyaktiryathAnekavicekSyate / karmAvRtAtmanastadvat yogyatA vividhA na kim ! '2 jisa prakAra mala se prAvRtta maNi kI abhivyakti vividha rUpoM meM hotI hai, usI prakAra karma-mala se prAvRtta prAtmA kI vividha avasthAeM yA yogyatAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki agara karma ko nahIM mAnA jAegA to janmajanmAntara evaM ihaloka-paraloka kA sambandha ghaTita nahIM ho skegaa| agara saMsArI AtmA ke sAtha karma nAma kI kisI cIja kA saMyoga nahIM hai, aura sabhI AtmAeM samAna haiM, taba to sabakA zarIrAdi eka sarIkhA honA cAhie, sabako mana, buddhi, indriya tathA bhautika sampadAeM evaM vAtAvaraNa Adi eka sarIkhe milane cAhie, parantu aisA kadApi sambhava nahIM hotA, isalie karma ko usakA kAraNa mAnanA anivArya hai| isI dRSTi se 'AcArAMga sUtra' meM AtmA ko mAnane vAle ke lie tIna bAteM aura mAnanA Avazyaka batAyA hai 'se AyAvAdI logAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyAvAdI' 3 ___ jo AtmavAdI (AtmA ko jAnane-mAnane vAlA) hotA hai vaha lokavAdI (ihaloka-paraloka Adi mAnane vAlA) avazya hotA hai| jo lokavAdI hotA hai, use zubha-azubha karma ko avazya mAnanA hotA hai, isalie vaha karmavAdI avazya 1. paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 50 / 2. tattvArtha zloka vA0 161 / 3. AcArAMga sUtra 1, sUtra 3 /

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32 ] [ karma kA siddhAnta hotA hai aura jo karmavAdI hotA hai, use kriyAvAdI avazya hI honA par3atA hai, kyoMki kriyA se karma hote haiN| AtmA kI vibhinna avasthAoM, gatiyoM aura yoniyoM ko tathA punarjanma sambandhI kaI ghaTanAoM ko dekhate hue yaha niHsaMdeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki karmatva ko mAne binA ye saba siddha nahIM hote| mAtA ke garbha meM Ane se lekara janma hone taka bAlaka ko jo duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM, unheM bAlaka ke isa janma ke karmaphala to nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki garbhAvasthA meM to bAlaka ne koI bhI acchA yA burA kAma nahIM kiyA hai aura na hI una duHkhoM ko mAtA-pitA ke karmoM kA phala kaha sakate haiM, kyoMki mAtApitA jo bhI acche-bure kArya kareM, usakA phala bAlaka ko akAraNa hI kyoM bhoganA par3e ? aura bAlaka jo bhI duHkha garbhAvasthA meM bhogatA hai, use akAraNa mAnanA to nyAyocita nahIM hai, kAraNa ke binA koI bhI kArya ho nahIM sakatA, yaha akATya siddhAnta hai| yadi yoM kahA jAe ki garbhAvasthA meM hI mAtA-pitA ke AcAra-vicAra, AhAra-vihAra aura zArIrika-mAnasika avasthAoM kA prabhAva bAlaka para par3ane lagatA hai| aisI sthiti meM prazna uThatA hai ki bAlaka ko aise mAtA-pitA kyoM mile ? antatogatvA, isakA uttara yahI hogA ki garbhastha zizu ke pUrvajanmakRta jaise karma the, tadanusAra use vaise mAtA-pitA, sukhaduHkha evaM anukUla-pratikUla saMyoga mile / kaI bAra yaha dekhane meM AtA hai ki mAtA-pitA bilakula anapar3ha haiM, aura unakA bAlaka pratibhAzAlI vidvAn hai| bAlaka kA zarIra to mAtA-pitA ke raja-vIrya se banA hai, phira unameM avidyamAna jJAnataMtu bAlaka ke mastiSka meM Ae kahAM se ? kahIM-kahIM isase bilakula viparIta dekhA jAtA hai ki mAtA-pitA kI yogyatA bahuta hI bar3hI-car3hI hai, lekina unakA lar3akA hajAra prayatna karane para bhI vidvAn evaM yogya na bana sakA, mUrkharAja hI rahA / kahIM-kahIM mAtA-pitA kI sI jJAnazakti bAlaka meM dekhI jAtI hai| eka chAtrAvAsa meM eka hI kakSA ke chAtroM ko eka-sI sAdhana-suvidhA, dekharekha, paristhiti aura adhyApaka maMDalI milane para tathA samaya bhI eka-sarIkhA milane para kaI chAtroM kI bauddhika kSamatA, pratibhA-zakti aura sphuraNA gajaba kI hotI hai, jabaki kaI chAtra manda buddhi, par3hane meM susta, bauddhika kSamatA meM bahuta kamajora hote haiN| isake atirikta ekaeka sAtha janme hue do bAlakoM ko eka-sI paravariza evaM dekhabhAla hone para bhI samAna nahIM hote| eka sthUla buddhi evaM sAdhAraNa-sA rahatA hai, dUsarA vilakSaNa, kuzala aura yogya bana jAtA hai, eka kA roga se pIchA nahIM chUTatA, dUsarA masta pahalavAna-sA hai| eka dIrghAyu banatA hai, jabaki dUsarA asamaya meM hI mauta kA mehamAna bana jAtA hai| yaha to itihAsavid jAnate haiM ki jitanI zakti

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karma kA astitva ] mahArANA pratApa, zivAjI Adi meM thI, utanI unakI santAnoM meM nahIM thii| jo bauddhika zakti hemacandrAcArya meM thI, vaha unake mAtA-pitA meM nahIM thii| karma siddhAnta ko mAne binA ina sabakA yathocitta samAdhAna nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki isa janma meM dikhAI dene vAlI vilakSaNatAeM na to vartamAna janma ke kAryoM kA phala hai, aura na hI mAtA-pitA kI kRti kA, na sirpha paristhiti kA hai| isake lie pUrvajanma ke zubhAzubha karmoM ko mAnanA par3atA hai, isa prakAra eka pUrvajanma siddha hote hI aneka pUrvajanmoM kI zRkhalA siddha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki asAdhAraNa jJAnazakti kisI eka hI janma ke abhyAsa kA phala nahIM ho sktii| gItA meM bhI isakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai 'aneka janma saMsiddhistato yAnti parAM gatim / ' aneka janmoM meM jAkara antaHkaraNa zuddhirUpa siddhi prApta hotI hai, usake pazcAt sAdhaka parA (mokSa) gati ko prApta kara letA hai / bAlaka janma lete hI mAtA kA stanapAna karatA hai, bhUkha-pyAsa lagane para rotA hai, DaratA hai, apanI mAM ko pahacAnane lagatA hai, ye saba pravRttiyAM binA hI sikhAe bAlaka ko svataH sUjha jAtI haiM, isake pIche pUrvajanmakRta karma hI kAraNa haiN| akammassa vavahAro na vijjai / -AcArAMga 1 / 3 / 1 jo karma meM se akarma kI sthiti meM pahu~ca gayA hai, vaha tattvadarzI loka vyavahAra ko sImA se pare ho gayA hai| samve sayakammakappiyA -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 2 / 6 / 18 sabhI prANI apane kRta-karmoM ke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karate haiM / jahA kaDaM kamma, tahAsi bhAre / -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 5 / 1 / 26 jaisA kiyA huA karma, vaisA hI usakA bhoga / kattArameva praNujAi kmm| -uttarAdhyayanaM 13123 karma sadA kartA ke pIche-pIche (sAtha) calate haiN|

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karma ke bheda-prabheda 0 zrI rameza muni zAstrI karma ke mukhya bheda do haiM-dravya karma aura bhAva karma / karma aura pravRtti ke kArya aura kAraNa bhAva ko saMlakSya meM lekara pudgala paramANuoM ke piNDa rUpa karma ko dravya-karma kahA hai aura rAga-dveSa rUpa pravattiyoM ko bhAva karma kahA jAtA hai / jaise vRkSa se bIja aura bIja se vRkSa kI paramparA anAdi kAla se calatI A rahI hai, ThIka usI prakAra dravyakarma se bhAvakarma aura bhAvakarma se dravyakarma kI paramparA arthAt silasilA bhI anAdi hai| isa sandarbha meM yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AtmA se sambandha jo kArmaNavargaNA hai, pudgala hai-vaha dravyakarma hai| dravyakarma yukta AtmA kI jo pravRtti hai, 'rAgadveSAtmaka jo bhAva hai vaha bhAvakarma hai| 5-pAyu dravyakarma kI mUlabhUta pravRttiyA~ pATha haiN| jo sAMsArika-AtmA ko anukUla aura pratikUla phala pradAna karatI haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1-jJAnAvaraNIya 2-darzanAvaraNIya 6-nAma 3-vedanIya 7-gotra 4-mohanIya -antarAya 1. (ka) nANasAvaraNijjaM daMsaNAvaraNaM tathA / / veyaNijjaM tahA mohaM AukammaM taheva ya // nAmakammaM ca goyaM ca, antarAyaM taheva ya / evameyAiM kammAiM, aTThava u samAsapo // -uttarAdhyayana sUtra a0 33/2-3 // (kha) sthAnAGga sUtra 8/3/566 // (ga) bhagavatI sUtra zataka-6 uddezAha (gha) prajJApanA sUtra 23/1 / / / (Ga) prathama karma grantha gAthA-3 / /

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 35 ina ATha karma pravRttiyoM ke saMkSipta rUpa se do avAntara bheda haiM-cAra ghAtI karma' aura cAra aghAtI karma / ghAtIkarma aghAtIkarma 1-jJAnAvaraNIya 1-vedanIya 2-darzanAvaraNIya 2-Ayu 3-mohanIya 3-nAma 4-antarAya 4-gotra jo karma prAtmA ke svAbhAvika guNoM ko AcchAdita karate haiM, unheM vikasita nahIM hone dete haiM, ve karma ghAtI karma haiN| ina ghAtI karmoM kI anubhAga-zakti kA asara AtmA ke jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM para hotA hai| jisase Atmika-guNoM kA vikAsa avaruddha ho jAtA hai / ghAtI karma AtmA ke mukhya guNa ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta-vIrya guNoM kA ghAta karatA hai| jisase AtmA apanA vikAsa nahIM kara pAtI hai| jo aghAtI karma AtmA ke nija-guNoM kA pratighAta to nahIM karatA hai, kintu AtmA ke jo pratijIvI guNa haiM unakA ghAta karatA hai ataH vaha aghAtI karma hai| ina aghAtI-karmoM kI anubhAga zakti kA asara jIva ke guNoM para to nahIM hotA, kintu aghAtI karmoM ke udaya se AtmA kA paudgalika-dravyoM se sambandha jur3a jAtA hai| jisase AtmA 'amUrto'pi mUrta iva' pratIta hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki aghAtI-karma ke kAraNa AtmA zarIra ke kArAgRha meM Abaddha rahatI hai jisase AtmA ke avyAbAdha sukha, aTala avagAhanA, amUrtikatva aura agurulaghu guNa prakaTa nahIM hote haiN| 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma : jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga hai / upayoga zabda jJAna aura darzana ina donoM kA saMgrAhaka hai / 4 jJAna sAkAropayoga hai aura darzana nirAkAropayoga hai|5 1. (ka) gommaTasAra karmakANDa 6 // (kha) paMcAdhyAyI 2/968 // 2. (ka) paMcAdhyAyI 2/666 / / (kha) gommaTasAra-karmakANDa-6 // (ka) uvaprogalakkhaNeNaM jIve-bhagavatI sUtra 13/4/4/80 // (kha) uvaprogalakkhaNe jIve -bhagavatI sUtra 2/10 / / (ga) guNo uvaprogaguNe -sthAnAMga sUtra 5/3/530 // (gha) jIvo uvaprogalakkhaNo-uttarAdhyayana sUtra 28/10 / / (Ga) dravyasaMgraha gAthA-1 (ca) tattvArtha sUtra-2/8 / / 4. jIvo uvayogamatro, uvayogo NANadaMsaNo hoI / / niymsaar-10|| 5. tattvArtha sUtra bhASya 2/6 / /

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[ karma siddhAnta isa karma ke prabhAva se jJAnopayoga AcchAdita rahatA hai| AtmA kA jo jyotimeya svabhAva hai, vaha isa karma se AvRtta ho jAtA hai| prastuta karma kI paritulanA kapar3e kI paTTI se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra netroM para kapar3e kI paTTI lagAne para netra-jyoti yA netra jJAna avaruddha ho jAtA hai usI prakAra isa jJAnAvaraNa-karma ke kAraNa AtmA kI samasta vastuoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnane kI jJAna-zakti Acchanna ho jAtI hai / ' jJAnAvaraNa karma kI uttara-prakRttiyA~ pA~ca prakAra kI haiM2 1-matijJAnAvaraNa 3-avadhijJAnAvaraNa 2-zrutajJAnAvaraNa 4-manaH paryAya jJAnAvaraNa 5-kevala jJAnAvaraNa / isa karma kI uttara prakRtiyoM kA vargIkaraNa dezaghAtI aura sarvaghAtI ina do bhedoM ke rUpa meM bhI huA hai / jo prakRti-svaghAtya jJAnaguNa kA pUrNarUpeNa ghAta karato hai vaha sarvaghAtI hai aura jo jJAnaguNa kA AMzika rUpa se ghAMta karatI hai vaha prakRti deza-ghAtI kahalAtI hai| deza-ghAtI prakRtiyA~ cAra haiM, ve ye haiM-mati jJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura manaHparyAya jJAnAvaraNa aura sarvaghAtI prakRti kevalajJAnAvaraNIya hai| sarvaghAtI prakRti kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki kevalajJAnAvaraNIya karma AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko sarvathA rUpa se AcchAdita nahIM karatA hai| parantu yaha kevala "kevalajJAna" kA hI sarvathA nirodha karatA hai| nigoda-avasthA meM bhI jIvoM ke utkaTa-jJAnAvaraNIya karma-udita rahatA hai / jisa prakAra dIptimAn-sUrya ghanaghora ghaTAoM se AcchAdita hone para bhI usakA prakharaprakAza prAMzika rUpa se anAvRtta rahatA hai| jisake kAraNa hI dina aura rAta kA bheda bhI jJAta ho jAtA hai / usI prakAra jJAna kA jo anaMtavAM bhAga hai vaha bhI 1. (ka) sarauggayasasinimmalayarassa jIvassa chAyaNaM jamihaM / pANAvaraNaM kammaM paDovamaM hoi evaM tu / / sthAnAMga ttiikaa-2/4/105|| (kha) prathama karmagrantha-gAthA-6 2. (ka) nANAvaraNaM paMcavihaM, suyaM AbhiriNabohiyaM / prohinANaM caM taiyaM, maNanANaM ca kevalaM // uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/4 // (kha) tattvArtha sUtra-8/6-7 // (ga) prajJApanA sUtra-23/2

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 37 sadA-sarvadA anAvRtta rahatA hai / jaise ghanaghora-ghaTAoM ko vidIrNa karatA huA sUrya prakAzamAna ho uThatA hai, usakI svarNima-prabhA bhUmaNDala para AtI hai para sabhI bhavanoM para usakI divya kiraNeM eka samAna nahIM girtiiN| bhavanoM kI banAvaToM ke anusAra manda, mandatara aura mandatama giratI haiM, vaise hI jJAna kA divya Aloka matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa Adi karma-prakRtiyoM ke udaya ke tAratamya ke anusAra manda, mandatara aura mandatama ho jAtA hai / jJAna AtmA kA eka maulika guNa hai / vaha pUrNarUpeNa kabhI bhI tirohita nahIM ho sktaa| yadi vaha divya guNa tirohita ho jAya to jIva ajIva ho jaaegaa| isa karma kI nyUnatama sthiti antarmuhUrta kI aura utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTA-koTi sAgaropama kI hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma : vastuoM kI vizeSatA ko grahaNa kiye binA unake sAmAnya dharma kA bodha karanA darzanopayoga hai| isa karma ke kAraNa darzanopayoga AcchAdita hotA hai / jaba darzana guNa parisImita hotA hai, taba jJAnopalabdhi kA dvAra bhI avaruddha ho jAtA hai| prastuta karma kI paritulanA anuzAstA ke usa dvArapAla ke sAtha kI gaI hai jo anuzAsaka se kisI vyakti ko milane meM bAdhA pahu~cAtA hai, usI 1. (ka) savvajIvANaM pi ya NaM akkharassa aNaMtabhAgo Niccu ghADiyo havai / jai puNa so vi AvarijjA teNaM jIvA ajIvattaM pAvejjA / suTThavi mehasamudaye hoi pabhA candasUrANaM / nandIsUtra-43 // (kha) dezaH-jJAnAsyA''bhinibodhikAdibhAvRNotIti dezajJAnAvaraNIyam, sarva jJAnaM kevalAkhyamAvRNotIti sarvajJAnAvaraNIyaM kevalAvaraNaM hi Aditya kalpasya kevljnyaanruupsy| jIvasyAcchAdakatayA sAndrameghavRndakalpamititatsarvajJAnAvaraNaM / matyAdyAvaraNaM tu ghanAticchAditAdityeSatprabhAkalpasya kevalajJAnadezasya kaTakuTacAdirUpAvaraNatulyamiti dezAvaraNamiti / sthAnAMga sUtra-2/4/105 TIkA 2. (ka) tattvArtha sUtra-8/15 (kha) paMcama karma grantha gAthA-26 uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/16-20 // 3. jaM sAmannaggahaNaM bhAvANaM neva kaTu AgAraM / avisesiUNa atthe, DaMsaNamiha vuccae samaye / /

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38 ] [ karma siddhAnta prakAra darzanAvaraNa karma bhI padArthoM ke sAmAnya dharma ke bodha ko rokatA hai, tAtparya yaha hai ki isake prabhAva se vastu-tattva ke sAmAnya dharma kA bodha nahIM ho sktaa| darzanAvaraNIya karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ nimnalikhita haiM1-cakSudarzanAvaraNa 5-nidrA 2-acakSudarzanAvaraNa 6-nidrAnidrA 3-avadhidarzanAvaraNa 7-pracalA 4-kevaladarzanAvaraNa 8-pracalApracalA 8-styAnaddhi darzanAvaraNIya karma bhI dezaghAtI aura sarvaghAtI ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| cakSu, acakSu aura avadhidarzanAvaraNa ye tIna prakRtiyAM dezaghAtI haiM aura inake atirikta chaha prakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI haiM / sarvaghAtI prakRtiyoM meM kevala darzanAvaraNa pramukha haiM / darzanAvaraNa kA pUrNataH kSaya hone para jIva kI ananta darzana-zakti pragaTa ho jAtI hai, jaba usakA kSayopazama hotA hai taba cakSadarzana, acakSadarzana aura avadhidarzana kA pragaTana hotA hai| isa karma kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI aura nyUnatama sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai|' 3. vedanIya karma : vedanIya karma AtmA ke avyAbAdha guNa ko AvRtta karatA hai / isake udaya se prAtmA ko sUkha-duHkha kI anubhati hotI hai, yaha do prakAra kA hai4-sAtAvedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya / sAtAvedanIya karma ke prabhAva se jIva ko bhautika sukhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai aura asAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya hone para duHkha 1. (ka) prathama karmagrantha-6 (kha) gommaTasAra karmakANDa-21 (ga) sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 // TIkA 2. (ka) samavAyAGga sUtra-6 (kha) sthAnAMga sUtra 8/3/668 (ga) prajJApanA sUtra-23/1 // (gha) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 33/5-8 3. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/16-20 (kha) prajJApanA sUtra pada-26 u0 2 sUtra-263 (ga) tttvaarthsuutr-8/15| (gha) paMcama karmagrantha gAthA-26 4. (ka) sthAnAMga sUtra 2/105 / / (kha) veyaNIyaM pi duvihaM sAyamasAyaM ca prAhiyaM // uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/7

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 36 . prApta hotA hai / isa karma kI paritulanA madhu se lipta talavAra kI dhAra se kI gaI hai / talavAra kI dhAra para parilipta madhu kA AsvAdana karane ke samAna sAtAvedanIya karma hai aura jIbha ke kaTa jAne ke sadRza asAtAvedanIya haiM / sAtAvedanIya ke ATha prakAra isa prakAra se pratipAdita haiM-2 1-manojJa zabda 5-manojJa spaza 2-manojJa rUpa 6-sukhita mana 3-manojJa gandha 7-sukhita vANI 4-manojJa rasa 8-sukhita kAya asAtAvedanIya karma ke ATha prakAra haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra se pratipAdita haiN| 1-amanojJa zabda 5-amanojJa sparza 2-amanojJa rUpa 6-duHkhita mana 3-amanojJa gandha 7-duHkhita vANI 4-amanojJa rasa 8-duHkhita kAya vedanIya karma kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai aura utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM ullekha milatA hai ki vedanIya karma kI jaghanya sthiti do samaya kI hai| yahA~ yaha sahaja hI prazna 1. tattvArtha sUtra 8/8 sarvArthasiddhi / / TIkA / 2. (ka) prajJApanA sUtra-23/3 / / (kha) sthAnAGga sUtra-8/488 // 3. (ka) asAyAvedariNajje NaM bhaMte ! kamme katividhe paNNatte ? goyamA ! aDhavidhe pannatte taM jahA amaNuNNA saddA, jAva kAyaduhayA / * prajJApanA sUtra-23/3/15 (kha) sthAnAMga sUtra 8/488 4. (ka) udahI sarisanAmANaM tIsaI koDikoDIao / ukkosiyA ThiI hoi antomuhuttaM jahanniyA / / AvaraNijjANa duNhaM pi, veyaNijje taheva ya / antarAe ya kammammi, ThiI esA viyAhiyA / / - uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/16-20 (kha) prajJApanA sUtra-23/2/21-26 // 5. vedaNijjaM jaha do samayA // bhagavatI sUtra 6/3 / /

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40 ] [ karma siddhAnta ubuddha ho sakatA hai ki - prajJApanA, uttarAdhyayana ina donoM AgamoM meM isa karma kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI batAI hai aura bhagavatI sUtra meM do samaya kI kahI gaI hai / ina donoM kathanoM meM virodha lagatA hai para aisA hai nahIM kAraNa ki muhUrta ke antargata jitanA bhI samaya AtA hai vaha antarmuhUrta kahalAtA hai / do samayako antarmuhUrta kahane meM koI bAdhA yA visaMgati nahIM hai / vaha jaghanya antarmuhUrta hai, aisA kathana sarvathA - saMgata hai / 4. mohanIya karma : jo karma AtmA meM mUr3hatA utpanna karatA hai vaha mohanIya karma kahalAtA hai / aSTavidha karmoM meM yaha karma sabase adhika zaktizAlI hai, sAtakarma prajA haiM to mohanIya karma rAjA hai / isake prabhAva se vItarAga bhAva bhI pragaTa nahIM hotA hai / vaha AtmA ke parama zuddha bhAva ko vikRta kara detA hai / isake kAraNa hI AtmA rAga-dveSAtmaka vikAroM se grasita ho jAtA hai / isa karma kI paritulanA madirApAna se kI gaI hai / jaise vyakti madirApAna se paravaza ho jAtA hai use kiJcit mAtra bhI sva tathA para ke svarUpa kA bhAna nahIM hotA hai / " vaha sva-para ke viveka se vihIna ho jAtA hai / vaise hI mohanIya karma ke udaya kAla meM jIva ko hitAhita kA, tattva-tattva kA bheda - vijJAna nahIM ho sakatA, vaha saMsAra ke tAne-bAne meM ulajhA huA rahatA hai / mohanIya karma kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai1 - darzana mohanIya 2 - cAritra mohanIya jo vyakti madirApAna karatA hai, usakI buddhi kuNThita ho jAtI, mUcchita ho jAtI hai / ThIka isI prakAra darzana mohanIya karma ke udaya para AtmA kA viveka bhI vilupta ho jAtA hai, yahIM kAraNa hai ki vaha anAtmIya-padArthoM ko AtmIya samajhane lagatA hai / 1. majjaM va moharaNIyaM prathama karma grantha- gAthA - 13 (kha) gommaTasAra karmakANDa - 21 (ga) jaha majjapAgamUDho, loe puriso paravvaso hoi / taha moheNavimUDho, jIvo u paravvaso hoi / / sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 TIkA 2. ( ka ) mohariNajjaM pi duvihaM, daMsaNe caraNe tahA / uttarAdhyayana sUtra 33 / 8 // (kha) mohariNajje kamme duvihe paNNatte taM jahA daMsaraNa mohariNajje ceva caritamohaNijje ceva // sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 / / ( ga ) prajJApanA sUtra 23 / 2 / / 3. paMcAdhyAyI 2 / 68-6-7 / /

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 41 darzana-mohanIya ke tIna prakAra haiM-1 1. samyaktva-mohanIya, 2. mithyAtva mohanIya, 3. mizra mohanIya / ina tInoM meM mithyAtva mohanIya sarvaghAtI hai, samyaktva mohanIya dezaghAtI hai| aura mizramohanIya jAtyantara sarvaghAtI hai| mohanIya karma kA dUsarA prakAra cAritramoha hai| isa prakRti ke prabhAva se AtmA kA caritra guNa vikasita nahIM hotA hai / / ___ cAritra mohanIya ke do prakAra pratipAdita haiM4-1. kaSAya mohanIya, 2. nokaSAya mohanIya / kaSAyamohanIya kA vargIkaraNa solaha prakAra se huA hai aura nokaSAya ke nau yA sAta prakAra haiM / kaSAya mohanIya ke solaha prakAra isa rUpa meM varNita haiM1-anantAnubandhI krodha -pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha 2-anantAnubandhI mAna 10-pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna 3-anantAnubandhI mAyA / 11-pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA 4-anantAnubandhI lobha 12-pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lAbha 5-apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha 13-saMjvalana krodha 6-apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAna 14-saMjvalana mAna 7-apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa mAyA 15-saMjvalana mAyA 8-apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa lobha 16-saMjvalana lobha / 1. sammattaM ceva micchattaM, sammAmicchantameva ya / eyAno tinni pavaDIyo, mohaNijjassa daMsaNe / / uttarAdhyayana sUtra 33/6 / / 2. (ka) kevalaNANAvaraNaM daMsaNachakkaM ca mohabArasagaM / tA savvadhAisannA, bhavaMti micchattavIsaimaM / / sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 TIkA (kha) gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 36 // 3. paMcAdhyAyI-21/6 // 4. (ka) prajJApanA suutr-23/2||| (kha) cArittamohaNaM kammaM duvihaM taM viyAhiyaM / kasAyamohaNijjaM tu nokasAyaM taheva ya // uttarAdhyayana sUtra-31/10 // 5. (ka) solasavihabheeNaM, kammaM tu kasAyajaM / sattavihaM navavihaM vA, kammaM ca nokasAyajaM / / uttarAdhyayana suutr-33/11|| (kha) prajJApanA sUtra 23/2 / / (ga) samavAyAMga sUtra-samavAya-16

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42 ] [ karma siddhAnta isa prakAra kaSAyamohanIya ke solaha bheda hue| isake udaya se sAMsArika prANiyoM meM krodhAdi kaSAya utpanna hote haiN| kaSAya zabda kaSa aura pAya ina do zabdoM se niSpanna huA hai| kaSa kA artha hai-saMsAra aura Aya kA artha hailAbha / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisase saMsAra arthAt bhava-bhramaNa kI abhivRddhi hotI hai vaha kaSAya kahalAtA hai|' anantAnubandhI catuSka ke udaya se AtmA anantakAla-paryanta saMsAra meM paribhramaNazIla rahatA hai, yaha kaSAya samyaktva kA pratighAta karatA hai| apratyAkhyAnAvaraNIya catuSka ke prabhAva se zrAvaka dharma arthAt deza-virati kI prApti nahIM hotI hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa catuSka ke prabhAva se zramaNa dharma kI prApti nahIM ho sktii|5 saMjvalana kaSAya ke udaya se yathAkhyAta cAritra arthAt utkRSTa cAritra dharma kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI / / anantAnubandhI catuSka kI sthiti yAvajjIvana kI hai| apratyAkhyAnI catuSka kI eka varSa kI hai, pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kI cAra mAsa kI hai aura saMjvalana kaSAya ko sthiti eka pakSa kI hai / nokaSAya mohanIya-jina kA udaya kaSAyoM ke sAtha hotA rahatA hai, athavA jo kaSAyoM ko uttejita karate haiM, ve nokaSAya kahalAte haiN| isakA dUsarA 1. kamma kaso bhavo vA, kasamAto siM kasAyA vo / _kasamAyayaMti va jato, gamayaMti kasaM kasAyatti / / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA-1227 / / 2. tattvArtha sUtra bhASya-a0 8 sUtra-10 / / 3. apratyAkhyAna kaSAyodayAdviratirnabhavati / tattvArtha bhASya-8/10 / / 4. tattvArtha sUtra-8/10 / / bhASya / 5. tattvArtha sUtra 8/10 bhASya maTasAra, jIvakANDa-283 / / (kha) saMjvalanakaSAyodayAdyathAkhyAtacAritralAbho na bhavati __ tattvArtha sUtra 8/10 bhASya 7. (ka) jAjIvavarisacaumAsapakkhagAnarayatirayanara amarA / sammANusavva viraI ahakhAyacarittadhAyakarA / / . -prathama karmagrantha-gAthA 18 (kha) aMto muhattapakkhaM chammAsaM saMravaNaMta bhavaM / saMjalaNamAdiyANaM vAsaNakAlo hu boddhabbo / / gommaTasAra karma kANDa / 8. kaSAyasahavartittvAt, kaSAyapreraNAdapi / .. hAsyAdinavakasyoktA, nokaSAyakaSAyatA / /

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 43 nAma akASAya bhI hai|' akaSAya kA artha kaSAya kA abhAva nahIM, kintu Isat kaSAya, alpa kaSAya hai / isake nava prakAra haiM1-hAsya 5-zoka 2-rati 6-jugupsA 3-arati 7-strIveda 4-bhaya 8-puruSaveda -napusakaveda isa prakAra cAritra mohanIya kI ina paccIsa prakatiyoM meM se saMjvalanakaSAya catuSka aura nokaSAya ye dezaghAtI haiM, aura avazeSa jo bAraha prakRtiyA~ haiM ve sarvaghAtI kahalAtI haiN| isa karma kI jaghanya-sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai aura utkRSTa sthiti sattara koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI hai| 3 5. AyuSya karma : AyuSyakarma ke prabhAva se prANI jIvita rahatA hai aura isa kA kSaya hone para mRtyu kA varaNa karatA hai| yaha jIvana avadhi kA niyAmaka tattva hai| isakI paritulanA kArAgRha se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra nyAyAdhIza aparAdhI ke aparAdha ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara use niyatakAla taka kArAgRha meM DAla detA hai, jaba taka avadhi pUrNa nahIM hotI hai taba taka vaha kArAgRha se vimukta nahIM ho sktaa| usI prakAra AyuSya-karma ke kAraNa hI sAMsArika jIva rasa, deha-piNDa se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| isa karma kI uttara prakRtiyA~ cAra haiM-6 / 1-narakAyu 3-manuSyAyu 2-tiryaJcAyu 4-devaayu| / 1. tattvArtharAjavArtika-8/8-10 // 2. sthAnAMga sUtra-TIkA-2/4/105 / / 3. (ka) uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/21 (kha) saptatirmohanIyasya / 4. prajJApanA sUtra 23/1 // 5. (ka) jIvasya avaTThANaM karedi prAU haDivva paraM / gommaTasAra karmakANDa-11 (kha) suranaratirinarayAU haDisarisaM prathama karma grantha-23 // 6. neraiyatirikkhAuM maNussAuM taheva ya / devAuyaM cautthaM tu AukammaM cauvvihaM / / uttarAdhnayana sUtra 33/12 / /

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44 ] [ karma siddhAnta AyuSka karma kI jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta kI hai aura utkRSTa sthiti taiMtIsa sAgaropama varSa kI hai|' 6. nAma karma : jisa karma ke kAraNa prAtmA gati, jAti, zarIra Adi paryAyoM ke anubhava karane ke liye bAdhya hotI hai vaha nAma karma hai| isa karma kI tulanA citrakAra se kI gaI hai| jisa prakAra eka citrakAra apanI kamanIya kalpanA meM mAnava, pazu-pakSI Adi vividha prakAroM ke citra citrita kara detA hai, usI prakAra nAmakarma bhI nAraka-tiryaMca, manUSya aura deva ke zarIra Adi kI saMracanA karatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yaha karma zarIra, indriya, prAkRti, yaza-apayaza Adi kA nirmANa karatA hai / nAmakarma ke pramukha prakAra do haiM-zubha aura azubha / azubha nAmakarma pAparUpa haiM aura zubha nAmakarma puNyarUpa haiN| nAmakarma kI uttara prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM aneka vicAradhArAe~ haiM / mukhya rUpa se nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kA ullekha isa prakAra se milatA hai-nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa uttara prakRtiyA~ bhI hotI haiM / jaina Agama-sAhitya meM va anya granthoM meM nAmakarma ke tirAnave bhedoM kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai / 6 1: uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/22 / 2. nAmayati-gatyAdiparyAyAnubhavanaM prati pravaNayati jIvamiti nAma / . prajJApanA sUtra 23/1/288 TIkA 3. jaha cittayado niuNo aNegaruvAiM kuNai rUvAiM / sohaNamasohaNAI cokkhamacokkhehiM vaNNehiM / / taha nAmapi hu kammaM aNegarUvAiM kuNai jIvassa / / sohaNamasohaNAI iTThAriNaTThAI loyassa / / sthAnAMga sUtra-2/4 / / 105 TIkA 4. nAma kammaM tu duvihaM, suhamasuhaM ca prAhiyaM / / uttarAdhyayana 33/13 // 5. (ka) prajJApanA sUtra-23/2-263 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra-8/12 // (ga) nAmakamme bAyAlIsavihe paNNatte ! ___ samavAyAMga sUtra-samavAya-42 6. (ka) prajJApanA sUtra-23/2/263 // (kha) gommaTasAra-karmakANDa-22 //

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karma ke bheda-prabheda ] [ 45 karma-vipAka grantha meM eka sau tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana milatA hai| anyatra ikahattara uttara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinameM zubha nAmakarma kI saiMtIsa prakRtiyA~ mAnI gaI haiM / bayAlIsa prakRtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM1. gatinAma 22. sthAvaranAma 2. jAtinAma 23. sUkSmanAma 3. zarIranAma 24. bAdaranAma 4. zarIra aMgopAGganAma 25. paryAptanAma 5. zarIra bandhananAma 26. aparyAptanAma 6. zarIra saMghAtananAma 27. sAdhAraNa zarIranAma 7. saMhanananAma 28. pratyeka zarIranAma 8. saMsthAnanAma 26. sthiranAma 6. varNanAma 30. asthiranAma 10. gandhanAma 31. zubhanAma 11. rasanAma 32. azubhanAma 12. sparzanAma 33. subhaganAma 13. agarulaghunAma 34. durbhaganAma 14. upaghAtanAma 35. susvaranAma 15. paraghAtanAma 36. duHsvaranAma 16. AnupUrvInAma 37. prAdeya nAma 17. ucchvAsanAma 38. anAdeya nAma 18. prAtapanAma 36. yazaH kIrtinAma 16. udyotanAma 40. ayazaH kIrtinAma 20. vihAyogatinAma 41. nirmANanAma 21. sanAma. 42. tIrthaMkara nAma nAmakarma kI jaghanyasthiti ATha muhUrta kI hai aura utkRSTa-sthiti bIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI hai / 1. karmagrantha prathama-bhAga gAthA-3 2. sattattIsaM nAsassa payaI o punnamAha (hu) tA ya imo / navatattvaprakaraNam-7 bhASya-37 / / 3. (ka) udahIsarisanAmANaM bIsaI koDikoDIyo / nAmagottANaM ukkosA, aTThamuhuttA jahanniyA / / ___ uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/23 (kha) tattvArtha sUtra-8/17-20 //

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46 ] [ karma siddhAnta 7. gotra karma : jisa karma ke udaya se jIva ucca athavA nIca kula meM janma letA hai, use gotra karma kahate haiN|' gotra karma do prakAra kA hai-1-uccagotra karma, 2-nIca gotra karma / jisa karma ke udaya se jIva uttama kula meM janma letA hai vaha ucca gotra kahalAtA hai / jisa karma ke udaya se jIva nIca kula meM janmatA hai, vaha nIca gotra hai / dharma aura nIti ke sambandha se jisa kula ne atItakAla se khyAti ajita kI hai, vaha uccakula kahalAtA hai jaise harivaMza, ikSvAkuvaMza, candravaMza ityAdi / adharma evaM anIti karane se jisa kula ne atItakAla se apakIrti prApta ko ho vaha nocakula hai / udAharaNa ke liye-madyavikretA, vadhaka ityAdi / uccagotra kI uttara prakRtiyA~ pATha haiM:1-jAti uccagotra 5-tapa uccagotra 2-kula uccagotra 6-zruta uccagotra 3-bala uccagotra 7-lAbha uccagotra 4-rUpa uccagotra 8-aizvarya uccagotra nIca gotrakarma ke ATha prakAra pratipAdita haiM / 5 1-jAti nIcagotra 5-tapa nIcagotra 2-kula nIcagotra 6-zruta nIcagotra 3-bala nIcagotra 7-lAbha nIcagotra 4-rUpa nIcagotra 8-aizvarya nIcagotra jAti aura kula ke sambandha meM yaha bAta jJAtavya hai ki mAtRpakSa ko jAti aura pitRpakSa ko kula kahA jAtA hai| gotrakarma kumbhakAra ke sadRza hai| jaise kumhAra choTe-bar3e aneka prakAra ke ghar3oM kA nirmANa karatA hai, unameM se kucha ghar3e aise hote haiM jinheM loga kalaza banAkara, candana, akSata, Adi se carcita 1. prajJApanA sUtra 23/1/288 TIkA / / 2. (ka) goyaM kammaM tu duvihaM, uccaM nIyaM ca AhiyaM / / uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/14 / / (kha) prajJApanA sUtra pada-23/u0 sU0 263 / / (ga) tattvArtha sUtra-a0 8 sUtra-12 / / 3. tattvArtha sUtra 8/13 // bhASya / 4. ucca aTThavihaM hoi / uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/14 5. prajJApanA sUtra 23/1/262

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karma ke bheda-prabha [ 47 karate haiM, arthAta ve ghar3e kalaza rUpa hote haiM ataH ve pUjA yogya haiN| aura kitane hI ghar3e aise hote haiM, jinameM nindanIya padArtha rakhe jAte haiM aura isa kAraNa ve nimna mAne jAte haiN| isI prakAra isa karma ke prabhAva se jIva ucca aura nIca kula meM utpanna hotA hai|' isa karma kI alpatama sthiti ATha mahUrta kI hai aura utkRSTa sthiti bIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI batAI gaI hai| 8. antarAya karma : jisa karma ke prabhAva se eka bAra athavA aneka bAra sAmarthya samprApta karane aura bhogane meM avarodha upasthita hotA hai, vaha antarAya karma kahalAtA hai / isa karma kI uttara-prakRtiyA~ pA~ca prakAra kI haiM-4 1-dAna antarAya karma 2-lAbha antarAyakarma 3-bhoga antarAya karma 4-upabhoga antarAyakarma 5-vIrya antarAyakarma yaha karma do prakAra kA hai-1-pratyutpanna vinAzI antarAyakarma 2-pihita AgAmipatha antarAyakarma / 5 isakI nyUnatama sthiti antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTa sthiti tIsa koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI batAI gaI hai| antarAya karma rAjA ke bhaNDArI ke sadRza hai| rAjA kA bhaNDArI rAjA ke dvArA Adeza diye jAne para dAna dene meM vighna DAlatA hai, AnAkAnI karatA hai, usI prakAra prastuta karma bhI dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga aura vIrya meM vighnabAdhAe~ upasthita kara detA hai / isa prakAra karma paramANu kArya-bheda kI vivakSA ke anusAra ATha vibhAgoM meM ba~Ta jAte haiN| karma kI pradhAna avasthAe~ do haiM - bandha aura udaya / isa tathya 1. jaha kuMbhAro bhaMDAiM kuNai pujjeyarAI loyassa / iya goyaM kuNai jiyaM, loe pujjeyarAnatthaM / / sthAnAMga sUtra-2/4/105 TIkA 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-a0 33/23 // 3. paMcAdhyAyI 2/1007 / / 4 dANe, lAbhe ya bhoge ya, uvabhoge vIrie tahA / paMcavihamaMtarAyaM samAseNa viyAhiyaM // uttarAdhyayana sUtra-33/15 5. sthAnAMga sUtra 2/4/105 6. uttarAdhyayana sUtra-adhyayana-33 gAthA-16 7. sthAnAMgI zrI kalamamogarA

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48 ] . [ karma siddhAnta ko yoM bhI abhivyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki-grahaNa aura phala ! karma-saMgrahaNa meM jIva paratantra nahIM hai aura usa karma kA phala bhogane meM vaha svatantra nahIM hai, kalpanA kIjiye-eka vyakti vRkSa para car3ha jAtA hai, car3hane meM vaha avazya svatantra hai / vaha svecchA se vRkSa para car3hatA hai / pramAda ke kAraNa vaha vRkSa se gira jAya ! girane meM vaha svatantra nahIM hai / icchA se vaha giranA nahIM cAhatA hai tathApi vaha gira par3atA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki vaha girane meM paratantra hai| vastutaH karmazAstra ke guru gambhIra rahasyoM kA parijJAna honA atIva Avazyaka hai / rahasyoM ke paribodha ke binA AdhyAtmika-cetanA kA vikAsa-patha prazasta nahIM ho sakatA / isaliye karmazAstra kI jitanI bhI gaharAiyA~ haiM, unameM utarakara unake sUkSma rahasyoM ko pakar3ane kA prayatna kiyA jAya / udghATita karane kI dizA meM agrasara hone kA upakrama karanA hogaa| hamArI jo AdhyAtmika cetanA hai, usakA sArA kA sArA vikAsa krama moha ke vilaya para AdhArita hai| moha kA Avega jitanA prabala hotA jAtA hai, mUrchA bhI prabala aura saghana ho jAtI hai, pariNAmataH hamArA prAcAra va vicAra pakSa bhI vikRta evaM nirbala hotA calA jAtA hai| usake jIvana-prAGgaNa meM viparyaya hI viparyaya kA cakra ghUmatA hai / jaba moha ke Avega kI tIvratA meM mandatA AtI hai, taba spaSTa hai ki usakI AdhyAtmika cetanA kA vikAsa-krama bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai / usako bheda-vijJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai / maiM isa kSayamANa zarIra se bhinna hU~, maiM svayaM zarIra rUpa nahIM huuN| isa svarNima samaya meM antardRSTi udghATita hotI hai| vaha divya dRSTi ke dvArA apane Apa meM vidyamAna paramAtma-tattva se sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| ___ isa prakAra prastuta nibandha kI paridhi ko saMlakSya meM rakhakara jaina karmasiddhAnta ke sambandha meM zodha-pradhAna AyAmoM ko udghATita karane kI dizA meM vinamra upakrama kiyA gayA hai / yaha eka dhruva-satya hai ki jaina-sAhitya ke agAdhaapAra mahAsAgara meM karma-vAda-viSayaka bahuAyAmI sandarbho kI ratnarAzi jagamagA rahI hai| jisase jaina-vAGamaya kA vizva-sAhitya meM zirasi-zekharAyamANa sthAna hai|

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karma-vimarza 0 zrI bhagavatI muni 'nirmala' karma siddhAnta bhArata ke Astika darzanoM kA navanIta hai| usakI AdhArazilA hai / karma kI nIMva para hI usakA bhavya mahala khar3A huA hai / karma ke svarUpa nirNaya meM vicAroM kI, matoM kI vibhinnatA hogI para adhyAtma siddhi karma mukti ke kendra sthAna para phalita hotI hai, isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / pratyeka darzana ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma kI mImAMsA ko hai| cUMki jagat kI vibhakti, vicitratA va sAdhanoM kI samAnatA hone para bhI phala ke tAratamya yA antara ko sahetuka mAnA hai| laukika bhASA meM karma karttavya hai| kAraka kI paribhASA se kartA kA vyApya karma hai| vedAntI avidyA, bauddha vAsanA, sAMkhya kleza aura nyAya vaizeSika adRSTa tathA IsA, mohammada, aura mUsA zaitAna evaM jaina karma kahate haiM / kaI darzana karma kA sAmAnya nirdezana karate haiM to kaI usake vibhinna pahaluoM para sAmAnya dRSTikSepa kara Age bar3ha jAte haiM / nyAya darzanAnusAra adRSTa AtmA kA guNa hai| acche aura bure karmoM kA AtmA para saMskAra jisake dvArA par3atA hai vaha adRSTa kahalAtA hai / sad-asad pravRtti se prakampita aAtma pradeza dvArA pudgala skandha ko apanI ora AkarSita karane meM kucha pudgala skandha to visarjita ho jAte haiM to zeSa cipaka jAte haiN| cipakane vAle pudgala skandhoM kA nAma hI karma hai / jaba taka karma kA phala nahIM milegA, taba taka karma AtmA ke sAtha hI rahatA hai / usakA phala Izvara ke mAdhyama se milatA hai| yathAIzvaraH kAraNaM puruSa karmAphalasya darzanAt -nyAyasUtra 4/1/ caki yadi Izvara karma phala kI vyavasthA na kare to karma phala niSphala ho jAyeMge / sAMkhya sUtra ke matAnusAra karma to prakRti kA vikAra hai / yathAantaHkaraNa dharmatvaM dharmAdInAm -sAMkhya sUtra 5/25 sundara va asundara pravRttiyoM kA prakRti para saMskAra par3atA hai| usa prakRtigata saMskAroM se hI karmoM ke phala milate haiM / jaina darzana ne karma ko svatantra

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50 ] [ karma siddhAnta tattva mAnA hai / karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiM jo samagra loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha Abaddha ho jAte haiN| yaha unakI badhyamAna avasthA hai / bandha ke bAda usakA paripAka hotA hai| vaha sat avasthA hai / paripAka ke pazcAt unase sukha-duHkha rUpa tathA AvaraNa rUpa phala prApta hotA hai / yaha udayamAna avasthA hai| anya darzanoM meM bhI karmoM kI kriyamANa, saMcita aura prArabdha ye tIna avasthAeM nirdezita haiM / ve kramazaH bandha, satt aura udaya kI samAnArthaka paribhASAe~ haiN| karma ko prathama avasthA bandha hai / antima avasthA vedanA hai| isake madhya meM karma kI vibhinna avasthAeM banatI haiN| unameM pramukha avasthAe~, baMdha, udvartana, apavartana, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, upazama, nidhatta aura nikAcana hai / karma aura AtmA ke sambandha se eka navIna avasthA utpanna hotI hai| yaha baMdha hai| AtmA kI badhyamAna sthiti hai| baMdhakAlIna avasthA ke pannavaNA sUtrAnusAra tIna bheda haiN| anya sthAnoM para cAra bheda bhI nirdezita haiM / baddha, spRSTa, baddha sparza spRSTa aura cauthA nidhatta / karma prAyogya pudgaloM kI karma rUpa meM pariNati baddha avasthA hai / prAtma pradezoM se karma pudgaloM kA milana spRSTa avasthA hai| AtmA aura karma pudgala kA dUdha va pAnI ko bhA~ti sambandha hotA hai| donoM meM gaharA sambandha sthApita honA nidhatta hai / suiyoM ko ekatrita karanA, dhAge se bAMdhanA, lohe ke tAra se bA~dhanA aura kUTa pITa kara eka kara denA anukrameNa baddha Adi avasthAoM ke pratIka haiN| AtmA kI Antarika yogyatA ke tAratamya kA kAraNa hI karma hai| karmoM kI sthiti aura anubhAga bandha meM vRddhi udvartana avasthA hai| sthiti aura anubhAga baMdha meM hrAsa honA apavartana avasthA hai| pudgala skandha karma rUpa meM pariNata hone ke bAda jaba taka AtmA se dUra hokara karma akarma nahIM bana jAte, taba taka kI avasthA sattA ke nAma se pukArI jAtI hai| karmoM kA saMvedanAkAla udayAvasthA hai| anAgata karma dalikoM kA sthiti ghAta kara udaya prApta karmadalikoM ke sAtha unheM bhoga lenA udIraNA hai / kisI ke dvArA ubharate hae krodha ko abhivyakta karane ke liye bhI AgamoM meM udIraNA zabda kA prayoga parilakSita hai / para donoM udIraNA zabda samAnArthaka nahIM, alaga-alaga artha vAle haiN| ukta udIraNA meM nizcita apavartana hotA hai| apavartana meM sthitighAta aura rasaghAta hotA hai| sthiti aura rasaghAta kadApi zubha yoga ke binA nahIM hotaa| kaSAya kI udIraNA meM krodha svayaM azubha hai| azubha yogoM meM karmoM kI sthiti adhika vRddhi ko prApta karatI hai, kama nahIM hotI / yadi azubha yogoM se sthiti hrAsa hotI to adharma se nirjarA dharma bhI hotA, para aisA honA asambhava hai / ataH kaSAya kI udIraNA kA artha huA

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karma-vimarza ] [ 51 pradezoM meM jo udIyamAna kaSAya thI, usakA bAhya nimitta milane para vipAkIkaraNa hotA hai / usa vipAkIkaraNa ko hI kaSAya meM udoraNA kahA jAtA hai| ___ AyuSya karma kI udIraNA zubha-azubha donoM yogoM se hotI hai / anazana, saMlekhanA Adi zubha yoga se AtmaghAta, apamRtya Adi ke avasaroM para azUbha yoga kI udIraNA hai para isase ukta kathana para kisI bhI prakAra kI Apatti nahIM hotii| kyoMki AyuSya karma kI prakriyA meM sAta karmoM kI kAphI bhinnatA hai / prayatna vizeSa se sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM paraspara parivartita honA saMkramaNa hai / karmoM kA antamuhUrta paryanta taka sarvathA anudaya avasthA kA nAma upazama hai| nidhatta avasthA karmoM kI saghana avasthA hai / isa avasthA meM karma aura AtmA kA aisA sambandha jur3atA hai jisameM udavartana, apavartana ke alAvA aura koI prayatna nahIM hotA / nikAcita karmoM kA sambandha AtmA ke sAtha bahuta hI gAr3ha hai| isameM bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA parivartana kadApi nahIM hotaa| sarva karaNa ayogya ho jAte haiM / nikAcita ke sambandha meM eka mAnyatA hai ki isako vipAkodaya meM bhoganA anivArya hai / eka dhAraNA yaha hai ki nikAcita bhI bahudhA pradezodaya se kSINa karate haiN| cUki saiddhAntika mAnyatA hai ki naraka gati kI sthiti kama se kama 1000 sAgara ke sAtiya do bhAga 205 sAgara ke karIba hai| narakAyu kI utkRSTa sthiti 33 sAgaropama hai / yadi naraka kA nikAcita bandhana hai to 205 sAgara kI sthiti ko vipAkodaya meM kahA~ kaise bhogeMge ? jabaki narakAyu adhikatama 33 sAgara kA hI hai / jahAM vipAkodaya bhogA jA sakatA hai| isase sahaja hI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki nikAcita se bhI hama binA vipAkodaya meM mukti prApta kara sakate haiM / pradezodaya ke bhoga se nirdhAraNa ho sakatA hai / nikAcita aura dalika karmoM meM sabase bar3A antara yaha hai ki dalika meM udavartana, apavartana Adi avasthAeM bana sakatI haiM para nikAcita meM aisA parivartana nahIM hotaa| zubha pariNAmoM kI tIvratA se dalika karma prakRtiyoM kA hrAsa hotA hai aura tapobala se nikAcita kA bhii| -savva pagaI mevaM pariNAma vAsAda vakkamo hojjApApama nikAIyANaM nikaaimaannaapi| prAtmA kA Antarika vAtAvaraNa : AtmA kI Antarika yogyatA ke tAratamya kA kAraNa karma hI hai| karma saMyoga se vaha (Antarika yogyatA) AvRtta hotI hai yA vikRta hotI hai| karma naSTa hone para hI usakA zubha svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai / karmamukta AtmA para bAharI vastu kA prabhAva kadApi nahIM pdd'taa| karmabaddha AtmA para hI bAharI paristhiti

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52 ] [ karma siddhAnta kA asara par3atA hai aura vaha bhI azuddhi kI mAtrA ke anupAta se| jyoM-jyoM zuddhatA kI mAtrA vRddhigata hotI hai tyoM-tyoM hI bAharI vAtAvaraNa kA prabhAva samApta sA hotA jAtA hai / yadi zuddhi kI mAtrA kama hotI hai to bAharI prabhAva rasa para chA jAtA hai| vijAtIya sambandha-vicAraNA kI dRSTi se AtmA ke sAtha sarvAdhika ghaniSTha sambandha karma pudgaloM kA hai| samIpavartI kA jo prabhAva par3atA hai vaha dUravartI kA nahIM pdd'taa| paristhiti dUravartI ghaTanA hai| vaha karma kI upekSA kara AtmA ko prabhAvita nahIM kara sktii| usakI pahu~ca karma saMghaThanA paryanta ho hai| usase karma saMghaThanA prabhAvita hotI hai| phira usase AtmA / jo paristhiti karma saMsthAna ko prabhAvita na kara sake usakA AtmA para prabhAva kiMcita bhI nahIM par3atA / bAharI paristhitiyA~ sAmUhika hotI haiN| karma ko vaiyaktika paristhiti kahA jA sakatA hai / paristhiti : kAla, kSetra, svabhAva, puruSArtha, niyati aura karma kI sahasthiti kA nAma hI paristhiti hai / ekAnta, kAla, kSetra, svabhAva puruSArtha, niyati aura karma se hI saba kucha hotA hai / yaha ekAnta asatya mithyA hai| kAla, kSetra, svabhAva, puruSArtha, niyati aura karma se bhI kucha banatA hai yaha sApekSa dRSTi satya hai| vartamAna kI jaina vicAra dhArA meM kAla maryAdA, kSetra maryAdA, svabhAva maryAdA, puruSArtha maryAdA aura niyati maryAdA kA jaisA spaSTa viveka yA anekAnta dRSTi hai, vaisA karma maryAdA kA nahIM rhaa| jo kucha hotA hai vaha karma se hI hotA hai aisA ghoSa sAdhAraNa ho gayA hai| yaha ekAntavAda hai jo satya se dUra hai / Atma guNa kA vikAsa karma se nahIM karma vilaya se hotA hai| paristhitivAda ke ekAnta Agraha ke prati jaina dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki roga dezakAla kI sthiti se hI paidA nahIM hotA kintu deza kAla kI sthiti se karma kI udIraNA hotI hai| uttejita karma pudgala roga utpanna karate haiM / isa prakAra kI jitanI bhI bAharI paristhitiyA~ haiM ve sarva karma pudgaloM meM uttejanA lAtI haiN| uttejita karma pudgala AtmA meM bhinna-bhinna parivartana lAte haiM / parivartana padArtha kA svabhAva siddha dharma hai| jaba vaha saMyogakRta hotA hai taba vibhAva rUpa hotA hai| dUsaroM ke saMyoga se nahIM hotaa| usakI pariNati svAbhAvika ho jAtI hai| karma kI bhautikatA : anya darzana jahA~ karma ko saMskAra yA vAsanA rUpa mAnate haiM vahA~ jaina darzana use paudgalika bhI mAnatA hai| jisa vastu kA jo guNa hotA hai vaha usakA vighAtaka nahIM hotaa| AtmA kA guNa usake liye AvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkhoM kA hetu kaise bana sakatA hai ? karma jIvAtmA ke AvaraNa, pAratantrya aura duHkhoM kA hetu hai / guNoM kA vighAtaka hai| ataH vaha AtmA kA guNa nahIM ho

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karma-vimarza ] [ 53 sakatA / ataH karma pudgala hai| karma bhautika hai; jar3a hai| cUki vaha eka prakAra kA bandhana hai / jo bandhana hotA hai vaha bhautika hotA hai / ber3I mAnava ko Abaddha karatI hai / kUla (kinArA) nadI ko gherate haiN| bar3e-bar3e bA~dha pAnI ko bA~dha dete haiM / mahAdvIpa samudra se prAbaddha haiM / ye sarva bhautika haiM ataH bandhana haiN| ___ AtmA kI vaikArika avasthAe~ abhautika hotI huI bhI bandhana kI bhA~ti pratIta hotI haiM / para vAstavikatA yaha hai ki baMdhana nahIM, baMdha janita avasthAeM haiM / puSTakAraka bhojana se zakti saMcita hotI hai / para donoM meM samAnatA nahIM hai| zakti bhojana janita avasthA hai / eka bhautika hai, anya abhautika hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla aura jIva ye pA~ca dravya abhautika haiN| ataH kisI ke bandhana nahIM hai / bhAratIyetara darzanoM meM karma ko abhautika mAnA hai| karma siddhAnta yadi tAtvika hai to pApa karane vAle sukhI aura puNya karane vAle duHkhI kyoM dekhe jAte haiM ? yaha prazna bhI samasyA mUlaka nahIM hai| kyoMki bandhana aura phala kI prakriyA bhI kaI prakAra se hotI hai| jaina darzanAnusAra cAra bhaMga haiM / yathA puNyAnubaMdhI pApa, pApAnubaMdhI puNya, puNyAnubaMdhI puNya va pApAnubaMdhI pApa / bhogI manuSya pUrvakRta puNya kA upabhoga karate hue pApa kA sarjana karate haiM / vedanIya karma ko samabhAva se sahanakartA pApa kA bhoga karate hue puNyArjana karate haiM / sarva sAmagrI se sampanna hote huye bhI dharmarata prANI puNya kA bhoga karate hue puNya saMcayana karate haiM / hiMsaka prANI pApa bhogate hue pApa ko janma dete haiM / uparyukta bhaMgoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki jo karma manuSya Aja karatA hai usakA pratiphala tatkAla nahIM miltaa| bIja vapana karane vAle ko kahIM zIghratA se phala prApta nahIM hotA / lambe samaya ke bAda hI phala milatA hai| isa prakAra kRta karmoM kA kitane samaya paryaMta paripAka hotA hai, phira phala kI prakriyA banatI hai| pApa karane vAle duHkhI aura puNya karane vAle sukhI isIlie haiM ki ve pUrva kRta pApapuNya kA phala bhoga rahe haiN| amUrta para mUrta kA prabhAva : karma mUrta hai jabaki AtmA amUrta hai| amUrta AtmA para mUrta kA upaghAta aura anugraha kaise ho sakatA hai jabaki amUrta AkAza para candana kA lepa nahIM ho sakatA / na muSTi kA prahAra bhI / yaha tarka samIcIna hai para ekAMta nahIM hai / cUki brAhmI Adi pauSTika tattvoM ke sevana se amUrta jJAna zakti meM sphuraNA dekhate haiN| madirA Adi ke sevana se saMmUrchanA bhii| yaha mUrta kA amUrta para spaSTa prabhAva hai| yathArtha meM saMsArI AtmA kathaMcita mUrta bhI hai| malliSeNa sUri ke zabdoM meM

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[ karma siddhAnta saMsArI AtmA ke pratyeka pradeza para anantAnanta karma paramANu cipake huye haiN| agni ke tapane aura ghana se pITane para suiyoM kA samUha ekIbhUta ho jAtA hai| isI bhA~ti AtmA aura karma kA sambandha saMzliSTa hai / yaha sambandha jar3a cetana ko eka karane vAlA tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM kintu kSIra-nIra kA sambandha hai| ataH prAtmA amUrta hai yaha ekAnta nahIM hai| karma baMdha kI apekSA se AtmA kathaMcit mUrta bhI hai| karma baMdha ke kAraNa : karma saMbaMdha ke anukUla AtmA kI pariNati yA yogyatA hI baMdha kA kAraNa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se gautama svAmI ne pUchA-bhagavan ! kyA jIva kAMkSA mohanIya karma kA bandhana karatA hai ? bhagavAn gautama ! hA~, bandhana karatA hai| gautama -vaha kina kAraNoM se baMdhana karatA hai ? bhagavAn-gautama ! usake do kAraNa haiM / pramAda va yoga / gautama -bhagavan ! pramAda kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAn-yoga se| gautama -yoga kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAn-vIrya se / gautama -vIrya kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAn-vIrya zarIra se utpanna hotA hai / gautama -zarIra kisase utpanna hotA hai ? bhagavAn-jIva se| arthAta jIva zarIra kA nirmAtA hai| kriyAtmaka vIrya kA sAdhana zarIra hai| zarIradhArI jIva hI pramAda aura yoga ke dvArA karma (kAMkSA moha) kA baMdhana karatA hai / 'sthAnAMga' sUtra aura 'pannavaNA' sUtra meM karma baMdha ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kAraNa batAye haiN| gautama-bhagavan ! jIva karma baMdha kaise karatA hai ? bhagavAna ne pratyuttara meM kahA ki gautama ! jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzanAvaraNIya karma kA tIvra udaya hotA hai / darzanAvaraNIya karma ke tIvra udaya se darzana moha kA udaya hotA hai / darzana moha ke tIvra udaya se mithyAtva kA udaya hotA hai aura mithyAtva ke udaya se jIva ATha prakAra ke karmoM kA baMdhana karatA hai|

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karma-vimarza ] [ 55 'sthAnAMga sUtra' 418, samavAyAMga 5 evaM umA svAti ne tattvArtha sUtra meM karma baMdha ke pA~ca kAraNa nirdezita kiye haiM-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya evaM yoga / yathAmithyAdarzanAvirati pramAda kaSAya yogA baMdha hetavaH / -tattvArtha 8/1 kaSAya aura yoga ke samavAya saMbaMdha se karmoM kA baMdha hotA hai"joga bandhe kaSAya bndhe"| -samavAyAMga karma bandha ke cAra bheda haiN| karma kI cAra prakriyAeM haiM-1. prakRti bandha, 2. sthiti bandha, 3. anubhAga bandha aura 4. pradeza bandha / grahaNa ke samaya karma pudgala ekarUpa hote haiM kintu baMdha kAla meM AtmA kA jJAna, darzana Adi bhinna-bhinna guNoM ko avaruddha karane kA bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ho jAnA prakRti baMdha hai| unameM kAla kA nirNaya sthiti baMdha hai| Atma pariNAmoM kI tIvratA aura maMdatA ke anurUpa karma baMdha meM tIvra aura maMdarasa kA honA anubhAga baMdha hai| karma pudgaloM kI saMkhyA niriNati yA AtmA aura karma kA ekIbhAva pradezabaMdha hai| karma baMdha kI yaha prakriyA modaka ke udAharaNa se pradarzita hai| modaka pittanAzaka hai yA kapha vardhaka, yaha usake svabhAva para nirbhara hai| usakI kAlAvadhi kitanI hai / usakI madhuratA kA tAratamya rasa para avalambita haiN| modaka kitane dAnoM se banA hai yaha saMkhyA para nirbhara karatA hai / modaka kI yaha prakriyA karma baMdha kI sundara prakriyA hai| - jogA payaDipaesaM ThiI aNubhAgaM kasAya pro kuNai ... kaSAya ke abhAva meM sAmparAyika karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| dasaveM guNasthAna paryaMta yoga aura kaSAya kA udaya rahatA hai ataH vahA~ taka sAmparAyika baMdha hotA hai| kaSAya aura yoga se hone vAlA baMdha sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai| gamanAgamana Adi kriyAoM se jo karma baMdha hotA hai, vaha IryApathika karma kahalAtA hai / IryApathikI karma kI sthiti uttarAdhyayana sUtrAnusAra do samaya kI hai| rAga meM mAyA aura lobha kA tathA dvaSa meM krodha aura mAna kA samAveza ho jAtA hai / rAga aura dveSa dvArA hI aSTa vidha karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| rAgadveSa hI bhAva karma hai / rAga va dvaSa kA mUla moha hai| prAcArya haribhadra sUri ke zabdoM meM

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56 ] [ karma siddhAnta snehAsikta zarIrasya reNunAzleSyate yathA gAtram / rAga dveSAklinnasya karma bandho bhavatyevam / / -Avazyaka TIkA jisa mAnava ke zarIra para tela kA lepana kiyA huA hai, usakA zarIra ur3ane vAlI dhUla se lipta ho jAtA hai| usI bhA~ti rAga-dveSa ke bhAva se Aklinna hue mAnava para karma raja kA baMdha hotA hai| rAga-dveSa kI tIvratA se hI jJAna meM viparItatA AtI hai / jaina darzana kI bhA~ti bauddha darzana ne bhI karma baMdha kA kAraNa mithyA jJAna athavA moha ko svIkAra kiyA hai| sambandha kA anAditva : ___ jaina darzana meM prAtmA nirmala tattva haiM / vaidika darzana meM brahma tattva vizuddha hai| karma ke sAhacarya se vaha malina hotA hai / para ina donoM kA saMyoga kaba huA? isa prazna kA pratyattara anAditva kI bhASA se diyA hai| caki Adi mAnane para aneka visaMgatiyA~ upasthita ho jAtI haiM jaise ki sambandha yadi sAdi hai to pahale kauna ? AtmA yA karma yA donoM kA sambandha hai ? prathama prakAreNa pavitra AtmA karma baMdha nahIM karatI / dvitIya bhaMga meM karma kartA ke abhAva meM banate nhiiN| tRtIya bhaMga meM yugapat janma lene vAle koI bhI padArtha paraspara kartA, karma nahIM bana sakate / ataH karma aura AtmA kA anAdi sambandha kA siddhAMta akATya hai| . isa sambandha meM eka sundara udAharaNa prasiddha vidvAn haribhadra sUri kA hai| vartamAna samaya kA anubhava hotA hai| phira bhI vartamAna anAdi hai kyoMki atIta ananta hai| aura koI bhI atIta vartamAna ke binA nahIM bnaa| phira bhI vartamAna kA pravAha kaba se calA, isa prazna ke pratyuttara meM anAditva hI abhivyakta hotA hai| isI bhA~ti prAtmA aura karma kA sambandha vaiyaktika dRSTayA sAdi hote hue bhI pravAha kI dRSTi se anAdi hai / aAkAza aura AtmA kA sambandha anAdi ananta hai / para karma aura AtmA kA sambandha svarNa mRttikA kI bhA~ti anAdi sAnta hai| agni prayoga se svarNa-miTTI ko pRthak-pRthaka kiyA jAtA hai to zubha anuSThAnoM se karma ke anAdi sambandha ko khaNDita kara AtmA ko zuddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| . jaina darzana kI mAnyatAnusAra jIva jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI use phala milatA hai / 'appA kattA vikattAya duhANaya suhAgaya / ' karma phala kA niyaMtA Izvara hai| yaha jaina darzana svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina darzana yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki karma paramANuoM meM jIvAtmA ke sambandha se eka viziSTa pariNAma utpanna hotA hai jisase dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, bhavagati, sthiti prabhRti udaya ke anukUla sAmagrI se vipAka pradarzana meM samartha hokara AtmA

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karma-vimarza ] [ 57 ke saMskAra ko malIna - kaluSita karatA hai / usase unakA phalAyoga hotA hai / amRta aura viSa pathya aura apathya meM kucha bhI jJAna nahIM hotA tathApi zrAtmA kA saMyoga pAkara ve apanI prakRtyAnusAra prabhAva DAlate haiM / jisa prakAra gariNata karane vAlI mazIna jar3a hone para bhI aMka gaNanA meM bhUla nahIM karatI vaise hI karma jar3a hone para bhI phala dene meM bhUla nahIM karate / ataH Izvara ko niyaMtA mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / karma ke viparIta vaha kucha bhI dene meM samartha nahIM hogA / eka tarapha Izvara ko sarva zaktimAna mAnanA dUsarI tarapha aMza mAtra bhI parivartana kA adhikAra nahIM denA Izvara kA upahAsa hai / isase to acchA hai ki karma ko hI phala pradAtA mAna liyA jAye / karma bandha aura usake bheda : mAkandI ne apanI jijJAsA ke zamanArtha prazna kiyA ki bhagavan ! bhAvabandha ke bheda kitane haiM ? bhagavAn - mAkandI putra, bhAva bandha do prakAra kA hai mUla prakRti bandha aura uttara prakRti bandha / bandha AtmA aura karma ke sambandha kI pahalI avasthA hai / vaha caturUpa hai / yathA prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza / bandha kA artha hai AtmA aura karma kA saMyoga / aura kama kA nirmAparaNA vyavasthAkaraNa - bandhanama nirmANam / ( sthA0 8 / 566) grahaNa ke samaya karma pudgala pravibhakta hote haiM / grahaNa ke pazcAt ve zrAtma pradezoM ke sAtha ekIbhUta ho jAte haiM / isake pazcAt karma paramANu kAryabheda ke anusAra ATha vargoM meM baMTa jAte haiM- jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, AyuSya, nAma, gotra aura antarAya | karma do prakAra ke haiM ghAtI karma aura aghAtI karma / jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAra ghanaghAtI, grAtma zakti ke ghAtaka, Avaraka, vikAraka aura pratirodhaka haiM / inake dUra ho jAne para hI Atma guNa prakaTa hokara nija svarUpa meM AtmA A jAtI / zeSa cAra aghAtI karma haiM / ye 'mukhyataH zrAtma guNoM kA ghAta nahIM karate haiM / ye zubha-azubha paudgalika dazA ke nimitta haiM / ye aghAtI karma bAhyArthApekSI haiM / bhautika tattvoM kI inase prApti hotI haiM / jIvana kA artha hai - AtmA aura zarIra kA sahabhAva / zubha-azubha zarIra nirmANakArI karma vargaraNAeM nAma karma / zubha-azubha jIvana ko banAye rakhane vAlI karma vargaNAeM AyuSya karma / vyakti ko sammAnanIya - asammAnanIya banAne vAlI karma vargaNAeM gotra karma aura sukha-duHkhAnubhUtikAraka karma vargaNAeM vedanIya karma kahalAtI haiM /

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58 ] [ karma siddhAnta tIsarI avasthA kAla maryAdA kI hai| pratyeka karma pratyeka prAtmA ke sAtha nizcita samaya paryanta raha sakatA hai| sthiti paripakva hone para vaha AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai / cauthI avasthA phala dAna zakti kI hai| tadanusAra pudagaloM meM isakI mandatA va tIvratA kA anubhava hotA hai / prAtmA kA svAtantrya va pAratantrya: sAmAnyataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA kartRtvApekSA se svatantra hai para bhogane ke samaya paratantra / udAharaNArtha viSa ko khA lenA apane hAtha kI bAta hai para mRtyu se vimukha honA svayaM ke hAtha meM nahIM hai / cUki viSa ko bhI viSa se niviSa kiyA jA sakatA hai| mRtyu Tala sakatI hai| AtmA kA bhI kartepana meM va bhogatepana meM svAtantrya aura pAratantrya donoM phalita hote haiN| sahajatayA AtmA karma karane meM svatantra hai| icchAnusAra karma kara sakatI hai / karma vijetA bana pUrNa ujjvala bana sakatI hai / para kabhI-kabhI pUrvajanita karma aura bAhya nimitta ko pAkara aisI paratantra bana jAtI hai ki vaha icchAnusAra kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatI / jaise koI AtmA sanmArga para calanA cAhatI huI bhI cala nahIM sktii| yaha hai AtmA kA svAtantrya aura pAratantrya / karma karane ke pazcAt bhI AtmA karmAdhIna ho jAtI hai, yaha bhI nahIM kahA sakatA / usameM bhI AtmA kA svAtantrya surakSita rahatA hai, usameM bhI azubha ko zubha meM parivartita karane kI kSamatA nihita hai / karma kA nAnA rUpoM meM digdarzana : karma baddha AtmA ke dvArA pATha prakAra kI pudgala vargaNAe~ gRhIta hotI haiN| audArika vargaNA, vaikriya vargaNA, AhAraka vargaNA, tejas vargaNA, kArmaNa vargaNA, bhASA vargaNA, zvAsocchavAsa vargaNA aura mnovrgnnaa| inameM kArmaNa vargaNA ke jo pudgala hote haiM ve karma banane ke yogya hote haiN| unake tIna lakSaNa haiM 1. ananta pradezI skandhatva / 2. catuH spazitva / 3. sat asat pariNAma grahaNa yogyatva / saMkhyAt-asaMkhyAta pradezI skandha karma rUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho sakate / do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca, chaha, sAta aura ATha sparza vAle pudgala skandha karmarUpa meM pariNata nahIM ho sakate / AtmA kI zubha azubha pravRtti (Asrava) ke binA sahaja

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karma-vimarza ] [ 56 pravRtti se grahaNa kiye jAne vAle pudgala skandha karma rUpa meM pariNita nahIM ho sakate / karma yogya pudgala hI AtmA kI sat zrasat pravRtti dvArA gRhIta hokara karma banate haiM / karma kI prathama avasthA bandha hai to antima avasthA vedanA hai / karma kI visambandhI nirjarA hai kintu vaha karma kI nahIM akarma kI hai / vedanA karma aura nirjarA akarma kI / kamma veyaNA jo kamma nijjarA / - bhaga0 7/3 ataH vyavahAra meM karma kI antima dazA nirjarA aura nizcaya meM vaha vedanA mAnI gaI hai / bandha aura vedanA yA nirjarA ke madhya meM bhI aneka avasthAeM haiM jo uparyukta baddhAdi haiM / karma-kSaya kI prakriyA : karmakSaya kI prakriyA jaina darzana meM gaharAI liye hue hai / sthiti kA paripAka hone para karma udaya meM prAte haiM aura jhar3a jAte haiM / karmoM ko vizeSarUpeNa kSaya karane ke liye vizeSa sAdhanA kA mArga avalambana karanA par3atA hai / vaha sAdhanA svAdhyAya, dhyAna, tapa Adi mArga se hotI hai / ina mArgoM se saptama guNasthAna paryanta karma kSaya vizeSa rUpa se hote haiM / aSTam guNasthAna ke Age karmakSaya kI prakriyA parivartita ho jAtI hai / 1. apUrva sthiti jJAta, 2. apUrva rasaghAta, 3. guNa zreNI, 4. guNa saMkramaNa, 5. apUrva sthiti bandha / sarva prathama AtmA apavartana karaNa ke mAdhyama se karmoM ko antarmuhUrta meM sthApita kara guNa zreNI kA nirmANa karatI hai / sthApanA kA yaha krama udayakAlIna samaya ko lekara antarmuhUrtta paryanta eka udayAtmaka samaya kA parityAga kara zeSa jitanA samaya hai, unameM karma dalikoM ko sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / prathama samaya meM karma dalika bahuta kama hote haiM / dUsare samaya meM sthApita karma dalika usase asaMkhyAta guNa adhika hote haiM / tRtIya samaya meM usase bhI prasaMkhyAta guNa adhika hone se ise guNa zreNI kahA jAtA hai / guNa saMkramaNa azubha karmoM kI zubha meM pariNati hotI jAtI hai / sthApanA kA krama guNa zreNI kI bhA~ti hI hai / aSTama guNasthAna se caturdaza guNasthAna paryanta jyoM-jyoM AtmA Age bar3hatI jAtI hai tyoM-tyoM samaya svalpa aura karmadalika adhika mAtrA meM kSaya ho jAte haiM / isa samaya AtmA atIva svalpa sthiti karmoM kA bandhana karatI hai jaisA usane pahale kabhI nahIM kiyA hai / ataH isa avasthA kA nAma apUrva sthiti bandha kahalAtA hai / sthitighAta aura rasaghAta bhI isa samaya meM apUrva hI hotA hai, ata: yaha apUrva zabda ke sAtha saMlagna ho gayA /

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60 ] [ karma siddhAnta isa utkrAnti ke samaya meM bar3hatI huI AtmA jaba paramAtma zakti ko jAgRta karane ke lie atyanta ugra ho jAtI hai, AyuSya svalpa rahatA hai, karma adhika rahate haiM taba AtmA aura karmoM ke madhya bhayaMkara saMgharSa hotA hai| prAtma pradeza karmoM se lohA lene ke liye deha ko sImA kA parityAga karake raNasthalI meM utara jAte haiM / AtmA tAkata ke sAtha saMgharSa karatI hai / yaha yuddha kucha mIla paryanta ho nahIM rahatA, sampUrNa loka kSetra ko apane dAyare meM lAtA hai| isa mahAyuddha meM bahusaMkhyaka karma kSaya ho jAte haiN| avazeSa karma alpa mAtrA meM rahate haiN| ve bhI itane durbala aura zithila ho jAte haiM ki adhika samaya paryanta Thaharane kI zakti unameM nahIM rahatI / ataH isako ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie choTA sA havA kA jhoMkA bhI kAphI hai| karma-gItikA karma taNI gata nyArI, prabhujI karma taraNI gata nyaarii| alakha niraMjana siddha svarUpI, piNa hoya rayo saMsArI / / 1 / / kabahuka rAja kare yahI maNDala, kabahuka raMka bhikhArI / kabahuka hAthI samacaka DolA, kabahuka khara asavArI / / 2 / / kabahaka naraka nigoda basAvata, kabahaka sUra avtaarii| kabahuka rUpa kurUpa ko darasana, kabahuka sUrata pyArI // 3 // bar3e-bar3e vRkSa ne choTe-choTe patavA, belar3iyAMrI chavi nyaarii| pativratA tarase suta kAraNa, phuhar3a jaNa-jaNa hArI / / 4 / / murkha rAjA rAja karata hai, paMDita bhae bhikhArI / kuraMga neNa suraMga bane ati, cUMdhI padamaNa nArI // 5 // 'ratanacanda' karmana kI gata ko, lakha na sake nara naarii| Apo khoja kare Atama vaza, to zivapura chai tyArI / / 6 / / -prAcArya zrI ratanacandrajI ma. sA.

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karma kA svarUpa 0 paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI karma siddhAnta ke bAre meM IzvaravAdiyoM aura anizvaravAdiyoM meM eka satya hote hue bhI karma ke svarUpa aura usake phaladAna ke sambandha meM maulika matabheda haiM / sAdhAraNa taura se jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai use karma kahate haiM / jaise-khAnA, pInA, calanA, phiranA, ha~sanA, bolanA, socanA, vicAranA vagairaha / paralokavAdI dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki hamArA pratyeka acchA yA burA kArya apanA saMskAra chor3a jAtA hai| usa saMskAra ko naiyAyika aura vaizeSika dharma yA adharma ke nAma se pukArate haiM / yoga use karmAzaya kahate haiM, bauddha use anuzaya Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiN| . prAzaya yaha hai ki janma, jarA-maraNa rUpa saMsAra ke cakra meM par3e hue prANI ajJAna, avidyA yA mithyAtva saMlipta haiN| isa ajJAna, avidyA yA mithyAtva ke kAraNa ve saMsAra ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane meM asamartha haiM, ataH unakA jo kucha bhI kArya hotA hai vaha ajJAnamUlaka hotA hai, usameM rAga-dveSa kA abhiniveza lagA hotA hai| isaliye unakA pratyeka kArya AtmA ke bandhana kA hI kAraNa hotA hai / jaisA ki vibhinna dArzanikoM ke nimna mantavyoM se spaSTa hai : bauddha grantha 'milinda prazna' meM likhA hai"marane ke bAda kauna janma grahaNa karate haiM aura kauna nahIM ? jinameM kleza (citta kA maila) lagA hai ve janma grahaNa karate haiM aura jo kleza se rahita ho gaye haiM ve janma nahIM grahaNa karate haiN| bhante ! Apa janma grahaNa kareMge yA nahIM ? mahArAja, yadi saMsAra kI ora Asakti lagI rahegI to janma grahaNa karUMgA aura yadi Asakti chuTa pAyegI to nahIM kruuNgaa|" aura bhI-"avidyA ke hone se saMskAra, saMskAra ke hone se vijJAna, vijJAna ke hone se nAma aura rUpa, nAma aura rUpa ke hone se chaH Ayatana, chaH Ayatana ke hone se sparza, sparza ke hone se vedanA, vedanA ke hone se tRSNA, tRSNA ke hone se upAdAna, upAdAna ke hone se bhava, bhava ke hone se janma aura janma ke 1. pRSTha 36 /

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62 ] [ karma siddhAnta hone se bur3hApA, maranA, zoka, ronA-pITanA, duHkha, becainI aura parezAnI hotI hai| isa prakAra ina duHkhoM ke silasile kA Arambha kahAM se huA isakA patA nhiiN|' yoga darzana meM likhA hai vRttayaH paccatathyaH kliSTAakliSTAH / / 1-5 / / klezahetukAH karmAzayapracayakSetrIbhUtAH kliSTAH |vyaa0 bhaa0| pratipattAarthamavasAya tatra sakto dviSTho vA karmAzayamAcinotIti bhavanti dharmAdharmaprasavabhUmayo vRttayaH kliSTA iti / tattva vai0 / tathA jAtIyakA-kliSTajAtIyA akliSTajAtIyA vA saMskArA vRttibhireva kriyante / vRttabhiH saMskArAH saMskArebhyazca vRttaya ityevaM vRttisaMskAracakra nirantaramAvartate |bhaasvti| ____ arthAt pAMca prakAra kI vRttiyAM hotI haiM, jo kliSTa bhI hotI haiM aura akliSTa bhI hotI haiM / jina vRttiyoM kA kAraNa kleza hotA hai aura jo karmAzaya ke saMcaya ke liye AdhArabhUta hotI haiM unheM kliSTa kahate haiM / arthAt jJAtA artha ko jAnakara usase rAga yA dveSa karatA hai aura aisA karane se karmAzaya kA saMcaya karatA hai / isa prakAra dharma ora adharma ko utpanna karane vAlI vRttiyAM kliSTa kahI jAtI haiN| kliSTa jAtIya athavA akliSTajAtIya saMskAra vRttiyoM ke hI dvArA hote haiM aura vRttiyAM saMskAra se hotI haiN| isa prakAra vRtti aura saMskAra kA cakra sarvadA calatA rahatA hai / sAMkhyakArikA' meM likhA hai samyagjJAna adhigamAd dharmAdInAmakAraNaprApto / tiSThati saMskAravazAt cakrabhramavad dhRtazarIraH // 67 // saMskAro nAma dharmAdharmo nimittaM kRtvA zarIrotpattirbhavati / ................"saMskAravazAt-karmavazAdityarthaH / mATha-va0 / arthAta dharma aura adharma ko saMskAra kahate haiN| usI ke nimitta se zarIra banatA hai / samyagjJAna kI prApti hone para dharmAdika punarjanma karane meM samartha nahIM rahate / phira bhI saMskAra kI vajaha se puruSa saMsAra meM ThaharA rahatA hai / jaise, kulAla ke daNDa kA sambandha dUra ho jAne para bhI saMskAra ke vaza se cAka ghUmatA rahatA hai / kyoMki binA phala diye saMskAra kA kSaya nahIM hotaa| ahiMsA, satya, asteya vagairaha ko dharma aura hiMsA, asatya, steya vagairaha ko adharma ke sAdhana batalAkara 'prazastapAda' meM likhA hai 1. milinda prazna pRSTha 62 /

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karma kA svarUpa ] [ 63 "avidha rAga dveSavata: pravartakAd dharmAta prakRSTAta svalpA dharma-sahitAt brahma endra prajApatipitRmanuSyalokeSu AzayAnurUpairiSTa zarIrendriyaviSayasukhAdifbhayogo bhavati / tathA prakRSTAd dharmAd svalpadharmasahitAta pretatiryagyonisthAneSu aliSTa zarIrendriyaviSayaduHkhAdibhiyogo bhavati / evaM pravRttilakSapAd dharmAd dharmasahitAda devUmanuSya tiryaGgaH nArakeSu punaH punaH saMsArabandho bhavati / " (pR. 280-281) arthAt rAga aura dveSa se yukta ajJAnI jIva kucha adharmasahita kintu prakRSTa dharmamUlaka kAryoM ke karane se brahmaloka, indraloka, prajanapatiloka, pitRloka aura manuSyaloka meM apane Azaya - karmAzaya ke anurUpa iSTa zarIra, indriyaviSaya aura sukhAdika ko prApta karatA hai tathA kucha dharmasahita kintu prakRSTa adharmamUlaka kAmoM ke karane se pretayoni, tiryagyoni vagairaha sthAnoM meM, aniSTa zarIra, indriya viSaya aura duHkhAdika ko prApta karatA hai / isa prakAra adharma sahita pravRttimUlaka dharma se deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura nArakoM meM janma lekara bArambAra saMsArabandha ko karatA hai / nyAya maMjarIkAra ne bhI isI mata ko vyakta karate hue likhA hai- "yo hyam devamanuSyatiryarabhUmiSuzarIrasargaH, yazca prativiSayaM buddhisargaH, yazcAtmanA saha manasaH saMsarga, sa sarvaH pravRtta reva pariNAmavibhavaH / pravRttazca sarvasyA: kriyAtvAt kSaNikatveapi tadupahito dharmAdharmazabdavAcya AtmasaMskAra: karmaphalopabhogaparyantasthitirastyeva na ca jagati tathAvidhaM kimapi kAryamastvistu yanna dharmAdharmAbhyAmAGkSipta sambhavama / " (pR. 70 ) arthAt -- deva, manuSya aura tiryagyoni meM jo zarIra kI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai, pratyeka vastu ko jAnane ke liye jo jJAna kI utpatti hotI hai, aura AtmA kA mana ke sAtha jo sambandha hotA hai, vaha saba pravRtti kA hI pariNAma hai / sabhI pravRttiyA~ kriyArUpa hone ke kAraNa yadyapi kSaNika haiM, kintu unase hone vAlA AtmasaMskAra, jise dharma yA adharma zabda se kahA jAtA hai, karma phala ke bhogane paryanta sthita rahatA hai / saMsAra meM aisA koI kArya nahIM hai jo dharma yA adharma se vyApta na ho / isa prakAra vibhinna dArzanikoM ke ukta mantavyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki karma nAma kriyA yA pravRtti kA hai aura usa pravRtti ke mUla meM rAga aura dveSa rahate haiM tathA yadyapi pravRtti, kriyA yA karma kSaNika hotA hai tathApi usakA saMskAra phalakAla taka sthAyI rahatA hai / saMskAra se pravRtti aura pravRtti se saMskAra kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI AtI hai / isI kA nAma saMsAra hai / kintu jaina darzana ke matAnusAra karma kA svarUpa kisI aMza meM ukta matoM se vibhinna hai

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64 ] [ karma siddhAnta jaina darzanAnusAra karma kA svarUpa : jaina darzana ke anusAra karma ke do prakAra hote haiN| eka dravya karma aura dUsarA bhAva karma / yadyapi anya darzanoM meM bhI isa prakAra kA vibhAga pAyA jAtA hai aura bhAva karma kI tulanA anya darzanoM ke saMskAra ke sAtha tathA dravya karma kI tulanA yoga darzana kI vRtti aura nyAya darzana kI pravRtti ke sAtha kI jA sakatI hai tathApi jaina darzana ke karma aura anya darzanoM ke karma meM bahuta antara hai| jaina darzana meM karma kevala eka saMskAra mAtra hI nahIM hai kintu eka vastubhUta padArtha hai jo rAgI-dveSI jIva ko kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha usI taraha ghulamila jAtA hai, jaise dUdha meM pAnI / vaha padArtha hai to bhautika, kintu usakA karma nAma isaliye rUr3ha ho gayA hai kyoMki jIva ke karma arthAt kriyA kI vajaha se AkRSTa hokara vaha jIva se baMdha jAtA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki jahA~ anya darzana rAga aura dveSa se AviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ko karma kahate haiM, aura usa karma ke kSaNika hone para bhI tajjanya saMskAra ko sthAyI mAnate haiM vahA~ jaina darzana kA mantavya hai ki rAga-dveSa se AviSTa jIva kI pratyeka kriyA ke sAtha eka prakAra kA dravya AtmA meM AtA hai, jo usake rAga-dveSa rUpa pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAtA hai| kAlAntara meM yahI dravya AtmA ko zubha yA azubha phala detA hai / isakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai jaina darzana chaH dravya mAnatA hai-jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / apane cAroM ora jo kucha hama carma cakSuoM se dekhate haiM saba pudgala dravya hai / yaha pudgala dravya 23 taraha kI vargaNAoM meM vibhakta hai| una vargaNAmoM meM se eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI hai, jo samasta saMsAra meM vyApta hai / yaha kArmaraNa vargaNA hI jIvoM ke karmoM kA nimitta pAkara karmarUpa pariNata ho jAtI hai| jaisA ki prAcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai "pariNamadi jadA appA suhammi asUhammi raagdosjdo| taM pavisadi kammarayaM NANAvaraNAdibhAvehiM / " (pravacanasAra 65) arthAt jaba rAga-dveSa se yukta AtmA acche yA bure kAmoM meM lagatI hai, taba karmarUpI raja jJAnAvaraNIya Adi rUpa se usameM praveza karatI hai| ___isa prakAra jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra karma eka mUrta padArtha hai, jo jIva ke sAtha bandha ko prApta ho jAtA hai| jIva amatika hai aura karma dravya mUrtika / aisI dazA meM una donoM kA bandha hI sambhava nahIM hai / kyoMki mUrtika ke sAtha mUrtika kA bandha hI ho sakatA hai, kintu amUrtika ke sAtha mUrtika kA bandha kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, aisI AzaMkA kI jA sakatI hai, jisakA samAdhAna nimna prakAra hai anya darzanoM kI taraha jaina darzana bhI jIva aura karma ke sambandha ke pravAha ko anAdi mAnatA hai| kisI samaya yaha jIva sarvathA zuddha thA aura bAda ko usake

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karma kA svarUpa ] [65 sAtha karmoM kA bandha huA, aisI mAnyatA nahIM hai| kyoMki isa mAnyatA meM aneka vipratipattiyAM utpanna hotI haiM / 'paMcAstikAya' meM jIva aura karma ke isa anAdi sambandha ko jIva pudgala karma cakra ke nAma se abhihita karate hue likhA hai "jo khalu saMsArattho jIvo tatto du hohi prinnaamo| pariNAmAdo kamma kammAdo hodi gadisu gadI / / gadimadhigadassa deho dehAdo indriyANi jAyate / tehiM du visayagahaNaM tatto rAgo va doso vA / / (26) jAyadi jIvassevaM bhAvo saMsAracakravAlammi / idi jiNavarehi bhaNido aNAdiNidhaNo saNidhaNo vA / / (30) artha :-jo jIvana saMsAra meM sthita hai arthAta janma aura maraNa ke cakra meM par3A hayA hai usake rAga aura dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| pariNAmoM se naye karma baMdhate haiM / karmoM se gatiyoM meM janma lenA par3atA hai / janma lene se zarIra hotA hai| zarIra meM indriyAM hotI haiN| indriyoM se viSayoM ko grahaNa karatA hai / viSayoM ke jJAna se rAga aura dveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| isa prakAra saMsAra rUpI cakra meM par3e hae jIva ke bhAvoM se karma aura karma se bhAva hote rahate haiM / yaha pravAha abhavya jIva kI apekSA se anAdi ananta hai aura bhavya jIva kI apekSA se anAdi sAnta hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jIva anAdi kAla se mUrtika karmoM se baMdhA hayA hai| jaba jIva mUrtika karmoM se baMdhA hai, taba usake naye karma baMdhate haiM, ve karma jIva meM sthita mUrtika karmoM ke sAtha hI baMdhate haiM, kyoMki mUrtika kA mUrtika ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai aura mUrtika kA mUrtika ke sAtha baMdha hotA hai / ataH AtmA meM sthita purAtana karmoM ke sAtha hI naye karma baMdha ko prApta hote rahate haiN| isa prakAra paramparA se kadAcita mUrtika AtmA ke sAdha mUrtika karma dravya kA sambandha jAnanA caahiye| sArAMza yaha hai ki anya darzana kriyA aura tajjanya saMskAra ko karma kahate haiM, kintu jaina darzana jIva se sambaddha mUrtika dravya aura nimitta se hone vAle rAgadveSa rUpa bhAvoM ko karma kahatA hai|

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[ 1 ] kiNa vidha hove chUTa karama ko [rAga vihAga-bheSa dhara yoMhI janama gamAyo] kiNa vidha hove chUTa karama ko, kiNa vidha hove chUTa ||tte0|| duSTa ruSTa mana muSTa calAkara, kiyo vRkSa ne ThaMTa // iNa bhava kuSTa, puSTa tana parabhava, vAyasa rahA aMga cUMTa // 1 // vezyA sama chala-bala-kala karane, banagayo syAraNo sUTa / Ayo hATa meM daI TATa meM, liyo bANyA ne lUTa / / 2 / / guNavaMtA kA guNa nahiM kInA, avaguNa kADhyA jhUTha / idhara udhara kI bAta baNAkara, pApI pADI phUTa / / 3 / / SaT-rasa bhojana mahala triyA sukha, rAja karU cahuM khUTa / pApa mAhe agresara baniyo, prAyubala gayo khUTa / / 4 / / satasaMgata ko nAma na lIno, vitta dAva bade mukha tUTa / "sujANa" kahe satazIla dharama bina, jyU TolA ko U~Ta / / 5 / / -muni zrI sujAnamalajI ma. sA. [ 2 ] prabhu tuma sauM nAhIM paradA ho [rAga-jhaMjhoTI] ina karamauM tai merA DaradA ho |in0|| inahI ke parasaMga tai sAMI, bhava-bhava meM duHkha bharadA ho ||in||1|| nimaSa na saMga tajata ye merA, maiM bahuterA hI tar3aphadA ho ||in||2|| ye mili bahauta dIna lakhi mauMko, AThoM hI jAma rahai laradA ho |in||3|| duHkha aura darada kI maiMsaya hIarapadA, prabhu tuma sauM nAhIM paradA hau ||in|4|| 'bakhatarAma' kahai aba tau inakA, pheri na kIjie ArajUdA ho |in||5|| -bakhatarAma

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karma aura usakA vyApAra 0 DaoN0 mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA samUha aura samudAya meM karma ke aneka artha-abhiprAya pracalita haiN| karmakAraka, kriyA tathA jIva ke sAtha baMdhane vAle vizeSa jAti ke pudgala-skandha Adi karma ke rUpa kahe jA sakate haiN| karmakAraka loka-prasiddha bhASA-parivAra meM prayukta rUpa prasiddha hai| kriyAeM samavadAna tathA adhaHkarma Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kI hotI haiN| jIva ke sAtha baMdhane vAle vizeSa jAti ke pudagala skandha rUpa karma kA jaina siddhAnta hI vizeSa prakAra se nirUpaNa karatA hai| karma kA maulika artha to kriyA hI hai| jIva, mana, vacana tathA kAya ke dvArA kucha na kucha karatA hai, vaha usako kriyA yA karma hai aura mana, vacana tathA kAya ye tIna usake dvAra haiN| sAMsArika AtmA ke ina tIna dvAroM kI kriyAoM se pratikSaNa sabhI Atma-pradezoM meM karma hote rahate haiN| anAdi kAla se jIva kA karma ke sAtha sambandha calA A rahA hai| ina donoM kA pArasparika astitva svataH siddha hai| mUlataH karma ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai-dravya karma aura bhAva karma / pudgala ke karma kula ko dravyakarma kahate haiM aura dravyakarma ke nimitta se jo AtmA ke rAga-dveSa, ajJAna Adi bhAva hote haiM, ve vastutaH bhAvakarma kahalAte haiN| dravya aura bhAva bheda se jo prAtmA ko parataMtra karatA hai, du:kha detA hai, tathA saMsAracakra meM cakramaNa karAtA hai vaha samaveta rUpa meM karma kahalAtA hai| ananta kAla se karma ananta haiN| karmoM kA eka kula hotA hai| ghAtiyA aura aghAtiyA bheda se unheM do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye zabda bhI apanA pAribhASika artha rakhate haiN| jIva ke guNoM kA pUrNataH ghAta karane vAle karma ghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM aura jinake dvArA jIva-guNoM kA pUrNataH ghAta nahIM ho pAtA, unheM aghAtiyA karma kahA jAtA hai| ghAtiyA karma-jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya tathA antarAya aura aghAtiyA karma-Ayu, nAma, gotra tathA vedanIya milakara pATha prakAra kI karma jAtiyA~ banAte haiN| aba yahA~ pratyeka karma kI prakRti ke viSaya meM saMkSepa meM carcA karanA Avazyaka hai| AtmA ananta jJAna rUpa hai| usake jJAna guNa ko pracchanna karanevAlA karma jJAnAvaraNa karma kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra usake darzana guNa ko pracchanna

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68 ] [ karma siddhAnta karane vAlA karma darzanAvaraNa karma kahalAtA hai / mohanIya karma ke jAgrata hone se jIva apane svarUpa ko vismRta kara anya ko apanA samajhane lagatA hai / antarAya kA zAbdika artha hai vighna / jisa karma ke dvArA dAna, lAbha, vyApAra meM vighna utpanna hotA hai, use antarAya karma kahA jAtA hai / naraka, tiyaMca, manuSya tathA deva viSayaka vividha yoniyAM- AkAra meM jIva ko gheranevAlA, rokanevAlA karma vastuta: Ayu karma kahalAtA hai / nAma karma ke dvArA zarIra aura usake vividha mukhI avayavoM kI saMracanA sampanna hotI hai / jIva U~ca tathA nIca kula meM janma letA hai, use gotra karma kahate haiM / jisake dvArA AtmA ko sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, use vedanIya karma kahate haiM / Atmika guNoM meM karma kA koI sthAna nahIM hai / ajJAnatA se karma AtmaguNoM ko pracchanna karatA hai / Atma- guNoM ko AkarSita aura prabhAvita karane ke lie karma - kula jisa mArga ko apanAtA hai, use prAsrava dvAra kahA jAtA hai / prasrava bhI eka dArzanika tathA pAribhASika zabda hai / isake artha hote haiM karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra / karma-saMcAra vastutaH zrAsrava kahalAtA hai / pApa aura puNya kI seva ko bhI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai / yathA 1- puNyAsrava 2- pApAsrava / jinendra bhakti, jIvadayA Adi zubha rUpa karma - kriyA puNyAsrava kahalAtI hai jabaki jIva hiMsA, jhUTha bolanA Adi karma - kriyA pApAsrava hotI hai / isase ise zubha aura azubha bhI kahA jAtA hai / aba yahAM ina ATha karmoM ke prAsrava rUpa ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kareMge / Asrava mArga vastutaH bahumukhI hotA hai / jJAna kendra taka pahu~cane ke lie Asrava dvAra dazoM dizAoM se saMcAra hetu sarvadA khulA rahatA hai / Asrava mArga ko hI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka jAnanA aura pahicAnanA Avazyaka hai / jJAna aura jJAnI se IrSyA karanA, jJAna-sAdhanoM meM vighna utpanna karanA, apane jJAna ko pracchanna karanA tathA dUsaroM ko usase avagata na hone denA, guru kA nAma chipAnA, jJAna kA garva karanA ityAdika karma - kriyAe~ jJAnAvaraNa karma kA zrAsrava kahalAtI haiM / jinendra athavA arhat bhagavAna ke darzanoM meM vighna DAlanA, kisI kI A~kha phor3anA, dina meM sonA, munijanoM ko dekhakara mana meM glAni karanA tathA apanI dRSTi kA abhimAna karanA ityAdika karma - kriyAoM se darzanAvaraNa karma kA va prazasta hotA hai / apane ko tathA dUsaroM ko duHkha utpanna karanA, zoka karanA, ronA, vilApa karanA, jIva badha karanA ityAdika kAryoM se vedanIya karma kA prasrava hotA hai /

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karma aura usakA vyApAra ] [ 66 isake sAtha hI jIva dayA karanA, dAna karanA, saMyama pAlanA, vAtsalya bhAva karanA, munijanoM kI vaiyyAvRtti (sevA sUzruSA) karanA Adi se sAtA vedanIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai| mohanIya karma kA do taraha se prAsrava hotA hai-darzana aura cAritra / darzana mohanIya karma-Asrava hetu sacce deva, zAstra guru tajjanya dharma meM doSa lagAnA hotA hai aura kaSAyoM-krodha, mAna, mAyA tathA lobha kI tIvratA rakhanA, cAritra meM doSa lagAnA tathA malina bhAva karanA cAritra mohanIya karma kA Asrava hotA hai| Ayu karma kA sIdhA sambandha caturgatiyoM meM Agata jIva se hotA hai| bahuta Arambha evaM parigraha karane se narakAyu kA Asrava hotA hai| mAyAcArI (mana se kucha, vANI se kucha aura karanI se kucha aura) se tiryacagati kA prAyu prAsrava hotA hai| thor3A Arambha tathA parigraha se manuSyAyu kA prAsrava aura samyaktva vrata pAlana, deza saMyama, bAlatapa Adi se deva Ayu kA Asrava hotA hai / nAma karma zubha aura azubha dRSTi se do prakAra se prAsrava hotA hai / mana, vacana, kAya ko sarala rakhanA, dharmAtmA se visaMvAda nahIM karanA, SoDaza kAraNa bhAvanA Adi se zubha nAma karma kA Asrava hotA hai aura kuTila bhAva, jhagar3Akalaha Adi se azubha nAma karma kA Asrava hotA hai / nIca aura U~ca bheda se gotra karma kA Asrava do prakAra kA hotA hai / paranindA, svaprazaMsA karanA, para-guNoM ko chipAnA aura mithyA guNoM kA bakhAna karanA Adi se nIca gotra kA prAsrava hotA hai, jabaki para-prazaMsA, apanI nindA, para-doSoM ko DhakanA aura apane doSoM ko prakaTa karanA, guruoM ke prati namra vRtti rakhanA, vinaya karanA Adi se ucca gotra karma kA Asrava hotA hai| dAna-dAtAra ko rokanA, AzritoM ko dharma sAdhana na karane denA, devadarzana, maMdira ke dravya ko har3apanA, dUsaroM kI bhogAdi vastu yA zakti meM vighna DAlanA Adi se vastutaH antarAya karma kA prAsrava hotA hai| isa prakAra karma aura usake vyApAra paraka sthiti kA saMkSepa meM yahA~ vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| ina sabhI kAraNoM se Ae hue karma pudgala-paramANu AtmA ke sAtha eka rUpa ho jAte haiM, usI kA nAma baMdha hai| tIvra-maMda Adi bhAvoM se hone vAlA prAsrava yoga aura kaSAya Adi ke nimitta se 108 bheda rUpa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| mana, vacana tathA kAya samArambha arthAt hiMsAdi karane kA prayatna athavA saMkalpa / sAraMbha arthAt hiMsAdi karane ke sAdhana juTAnA, prArambha arthAta hiMsAdi pApa zurU karane denA, kRta arthAt svayaM karanA, kArita arthAt

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70 ] [ karma siddhAnta dUsaroM se karAnA, anumodanA arthAt karate hue dUsaroM ko anumati denA tathA kaSAya arthAt krodha, mAna mAyA tathA lobha tathA tIvra-maMda Adi bhAvoM se yaha eka sau ATha bheda rUpa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| arthAt manavacanakAyA-3 x samArambhAdi-34 kRtakArita-3 x krodhAdikaSAya-4 = 108 / __ ina kAraNoM se Ae hue karma pudgala paramANu AtmA ke sAtha ekameva ho jAne se baMdha tattva kA rUpa grahaNa ho jAtA hai| karma aura usake vyApAra viSayaka saMkSepa meM carcA karane se jJAta hotA hai ki karma eka mahAna zakti hai| vidhi, sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkrata karma aura Izvara ye saba karma ke paryAya haiN| karma:baMdha saMsAra kA bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai / karma kSaya kara arthAt karma-mukti honA vastutaH mokSa ko prApta karanA hai| karma ke dohe DhAI akSara nAma ke, aMtara tU pahacAna / eka deta hai narka gati, dUjA ziva sukhadhAma / / ko sukha ko duHkha deta hai, deta karma jhakajhora ulajhe-sulajhe ApahI, dhvajA pavana ke jora // karma kamaNDalu kara liye, tulasI jaha~ taha~ jAta / sAgara saritA kUpa jala,, adhika na bUMda lagAta // rAma kisI ko mAre nahIM, mAre so nahIM rAma / Apo Apa mara jAyegA, kara-kara khoTA kAma // ADI na Ave mAyar3I, pAr3o na Ave bApa / kriyA karma jo bhogave, bhugate Apo Apa // pleTaphArma para haiM khar3e, sarakhe loga hajAra / kintu milegI klAsa to, TikaToM ke anusAra //

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karma-vicAra 0 DaoN0 prAditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' mithyAtva Adi hetuoM se niSpanna kriyA karma hai / ' karma AtmA ko malina karate haiM / unakI gati gahana hai / vaha duHkha paramparA kA mUla hai| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai aura vaha janma-maraNa kA mUla kAraNa bhI hai| saMsArI jIva ke rAgadveSa rUpa pariNAma hote haiN| pariNAmoM se karmabaMdha ke kAraNa jIva saMsAra cakra meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| vastutaH karmabaMdha meM AtmapariNAma (bhAva) hI kAraNa hai para vastu bilkula nahIM / 6 karma baMdha vastu se nahIM, rAga aura dveSa ke adhyavasAya (saMkalpa) se hotA hai| jo andara meM rAgadveSa rUpa bhAva karma nahIM karatA, use nae karma kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| jisa samaya jIva jaise bhAva karatA hai vaha usa samaya vaise hI zubha-azubha karmoM kA baMdha karatA hai / karma kartA kA anugamana karatA hai / 10 jIva karmoM kA baMdha karane meM svatantra hai parantu usa karma kA udaya hone para bhogane meM usake adhIna ho jAtA hai / jaise koI puruSa svecchA se vRkSa para to car3ha jAtA hai kintu pramAdavaza nIce girate samaya paravaza ho jAtA hai| kahIM jIva karma ke adhIna hote haiM to kahIM karma jIva ke adhIna hote haiM / 12 jaise kahIM RNa dete samaya dhanI balavAna hotA hai to kahIM RNa lauTAte samaya karjadAra balavAna hotA hai / ' 3 sAmAnya kI apekSA karma eka hai aura dravya tathA bhAva kI apekSA do prakAra kA hai / karma pudgaloM kA piNDa dravyakarma hai aura usameM rahane vAlI zakti yA unake nimitta se jIva meM hone vAle rAgadveSa rUpa vikAra bhAvakarma hai / 14 jo indriya Adi para vijaya prApta kara upayogamaya (jJAnadarzanamaya) AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai vaha karmoM se nahIM baMdhatA / ataH paudgalika prANa usakA anusaraNa kaise kara sakate haiM ? arthAt use nayA janma dhAraNa nahIM karanA par3atA hai / '5 ___ jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya ye saMkSepa meM ATha karma haiM / 16 ina karmoM kA svabhAva paradA, dvArapAla, talavAra, madya, hali, citrakAra, kumbhakAra tathA bhaNDArI ke svabhAva sadRza hai / 17 jo AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko prakaTa na hone de use jJAnAvaraNa kahate haiM / jo darzanaguNa ko

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72 ] [ karma siddhAnta prAvRtta kare use darzanAvaraNa kahate haiN| jo sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa ho use vedanIya kahate haiM / jisake udaya se jIva apane svarUpa ko bhUlakara para padArthoM meM ahaMkAra tathA mamakAra kare use mohanIya kahate haiN| jisake udaya se jIva narakAdi yoniyoM meM paratantra ho use Ayukarma kahate haiN| jisake udaya se zarIrAdi kI racanA ho vaha nAma karma hai / jisake udaya se ucca-nIca kula meM janma ho use gotrakarma kahate haiM aura jisake dvArA dAna, lAbha Adi meM bAdhA prApta ho use antarAya karma kahate haiM / 18 jJAnAvaraNa kI pA~ca, darzanAvaraNI kI nau, vedanIya kI do, mohanIya kI aTThAIsa, Ayu kI cAra, nAma kI tirAnave, gotra kI do aura antarAya kI pA~ca isa prakAra saba milAkara eka sau ar3atAlIsa uttara prakRtiyAM haiN| 16 zubhopayoga rUpa nimitta se jo karma baMdhate haiM ve puNya karma tathA azubhopayoga rUpa nimitta se jo karma baMdhate haiM ve pApa karma kahalAte haiM / isa prakAra nimitta kI apekSA karmoM ke do bheda haiM / 20 karma AtmA kA guNa nahIM hai kyoMki AtmA kA guNa hone se vaha amUrtika hotA aura pramUrtika kA baMdha nahIM ho pAtA / amUrtika karma, amUrtika AtmA kA anugraha aura nigraha upakAra aura apakAra karane meM samartha nahIM hotA / 21 yadyapi karma sUkSma hone ke kAraNa dRSTigocara nahIM hotA tathApi vaha mUrtika hai kyoMki usakA kArya jo audArika Adi zarIra hai vaha mUrtika hai / mUrtika kI racanA mUrti se hI ho sakatI hai isalie dRzyamAna audArikAdi zarIroM se adRzyamAna karma meM mUrtipanA siddha hotA hai / 22 nizcaya naya se AtmA aura karma donoM dravya svatantra, svatantra dravya haiM isalie inameM baMdha nahIM hai parantu vyavahAra naya se karma ke astitvakAla meM AtmA svatantra nahIM hai isalie donoM meM baMdha mAnA jAtA hai / vyavahAra naya se AtmA aura karmoM meM ekatA kA anubhava hotA hai isalie AtmA ko mUrtika mAnA jAtA hai / mUrtika AtmA kA mUrtika karmoM ke sAtha baMdha hone meM Apatti nahIM hai / 23 isa prakAra saMsAra kA pratyeka prANI paratantra hai / yaha paudgalika (bhautika) zarIra hI usakI paratantratA kA dyotaka hai / parAdhInatA kA kAraNa karma hai jagata meM aneka prakAra kI viSamatAeM haiM / Arthika aura sAmAjika viSamatAoM ke atirikta jo prAkRtika viSamatAeM haiM unakA hetu manuSyakRta nahIM ho sktaa| viSamatAoM kA kAraNa pratyeka prAtmA ke sAtha rahane vAlA koI vijAtIya padArtha hai aura vaha padArtha karma hai / kAraNa ke binA koI kArya nahIM ho sakatA / jaise Aga meM tapAne kI viziSTa prakriyA se sone kA vijAtIya padArtha usase pRthak ho jAtA hai vaise hI tapasyA se karma dUra ho jAtA hai /

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karma-vicAra ] [73 saMdarbha saMketa1-kriyante mithyAtvAdihetubhirjIveneti karmANi / -uzATI pa. 641 2-gahanA karmaNo gtiH| -brahmAnaMda gItA 44 3-(ka) kammehiM luppaMti pANiNo / -sUtra kRtAMga 2 / 1 / 4 (kha) kammuNA uvAMhi jAyai / -pAcArAMga 31 4-kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti, kammaM ca jAi-maraNassa mUlaM / -uttarAdhyayana 327 5-ajjhatthaheuM niyayassa baMdho, saMsAra heuM ca vayaMti baMdha / -uttarAdhyayana sUtra 14 / 19 6-aNumitto vi na baMdho, paravatthupaccayo bhnniyo| -aodhaniyukti, gAthA 53 7-Na ya vatthudo du baMdho, - ajjhavasANeNa baMdhotmi / -samayasAra 265 8-akuvvano NavaM patthi / -sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 15 / 7 6-jaM jaM samayaM jIvo Avisai jeNa jeNa bhAveNa / so taMmi taMmi samae, suhAsuhaM baMdhae kammaM / / samaNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, bra0 jinendravarNI, sarva sevA saMgha prakAzana, rAjaghATa, vArANasI-1, prathama saMskaraNa 24 apraila 1985, zlokAMka 57, pRSThAMka 20-21 10-(ka) kattArameva aNujAi karma / -uttarAdhyayana 13 / 23 (kha) zete saha zayAnena, gacchantamanu gacchati / / narANAM prAktanaM karma, tiSThatyatha sahAtmanaH / / -paMcataMtra 2 / 130

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74 ] [ karma siddhAnta (ga) yathodhenusahasraSu, vatso vindatimAtaram / __ tathaiveha kRtaM karma, kartAra manugacchati // --cANakyanIti 12 / 15 11-kammaM ciNaMti savasA, tassudayAmmi uparavvasA hoti / rUkkhaM durUhai savaso, vigalai sa paravvaso tatto / / -samaNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 60, pRSThAMka 20-21 12-kamayittaM phalaM puMsAM, buddhiH karmAnusAriNI / -cANakyanIti 13 / 10 13-kammavasA khalu jIvA, jIvavasAiM kahiMci kmmaaiN| . katthai dhaNiyo balavaM, dhAraNio katthaI balavaM / / -samaNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 61, pRSThAMka 20-21 14- (ka) kammattaNeNa ekkaM, davvaM bhAvotti hodi duvihaM tu / poggala piMDo davvaM, tassattI bhAvakammaM tu / / -samaNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 62, pRSThAMka 20-21 (kha) arhatpravacana, sampAdaka-cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, prAtmodaya graMthamAlA jayapura, sitambara 1962, zlokAMka 7, pRSThAMka 18 15- (ka) jo iMdiyAdi vijaI, bhavIya uvayoga mappaMga Adi / kammehiM so Na raMjadi, kiha taM pANA aNucaraMti // -samaNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 63, pRSThAMka 20-21 (kha) kammabIesu daDaDhesu, na jAyaMti bhvNkuraa| -dazAzruta skaMdha 5 / 15 (ga) akammassa vavahAro na vijjaI / -prAcArAMga 31 16--(ka) nANasAvaraNijjaM daMsaNAvaraNaM thaa|| veyariNajjaM tahA mohaM, AukammaM taheva ya // nAma kammaM ca goyaM ca, aMtarAyaM taheva ya / evameyAI kammAI, aTTheba u samAsapro / -samaraNasuttaM, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 64-65 pRSThAMka 22-23

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karma-vicAra ] [ 75 (kha) jJAnadarzanayo rodhauvedyaM mohAyuSI tathA / nAma gotrAntarAyAzca mUla prakRtayaH smRtAH / / -tattvArthasAra, paMcamAdhikAra, sampAdaka paNDita pannAlAla sAhityAcArya, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI graMthamAlA, DumarAva bAga, assI, vArANasI-5, prathama saMskaraNa 16 aprela 1670, zlokAMka 22, pRSThAMka 145 (ga) aTTha kammapagaDIo pannatrAo, taM jahA gANAvaraNijjaM daMsaraNAvaraNijjaM, veyariNajjaM, mohaNijjaM, pAuyaM, nAmaM, gorya, aMtarAiyaM / --prajJApanA 2111 17--(ka) paDa-paDihAra-si-majja, haDa-citta-kulAla-maMDagArINaM / jaha esasi bhAvA, kammANa vi jANa taha bhAvA / / -samaNasutta, jyotirmukha, vahI, zlokAMka 66, pRSThAMka 22-23 (kha) arhatpravacana, sampAdaka paM0 cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, vahI, zlokAMka 10, pRSThAMka 16 / 18-apabhraMza vAGamaya meM vyavahRta pAribhASika zabdAvali, DaoN. Aditya pracaNDiyA 'dIti' parAmarza, khaMDa 5, aMka 4, sitambara 1984, sampAdaka surendra bAraligeM mAdi, puNe vizvavidyAlaya prakAzana, puNe, pRSThAMka 324 / 16-anyAH paJca nava dve ca tathASTAviMzatiH kramAta / catasrazca trisaMyuktA navati ca paJca ca / / -tattvArthasAra, paMcamAdhikAra, vahI, zlokAMka 23, pRSThAka 146-155 / 20 -(ka) zubhAzubhopayogAkhyanimitto dvividhastathA / puNya-pApa tayA dvadhA sarva karma prabhidyate / / -tattvArthasAra, paMcamAdhikAra, zlokAMka 51, pRSThAMka 158 / (kha) suha pariNAmo puNNaM, asuho evaM ti havadi jIvassa / --paMcAstikAya 132

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76 ] [ karma siddhAnta ..21-na karmAtma guNo'mUrte stasya bandhAprasiddhitaH / anugrahopaghAtau hi nAmUrteH kartumarhati / / -tattvArthasAra, paMcamAdhikAra, zlokAMka 14, pRSThAMka 143 22-praudArikAdi kAryANAM kAraNaM karmabhUtimata / na hmamUrtana mUrtAnAmArambhaH kvApi dRzyate // -tattvArthasAra, paMcAdhikAra, zlokAMka 15, pRSThAMka 143 23-tattvArthasAra, paMcamAdhikAra, vahI, zlokAMka 16-20, pRSTha 144-145 003 karma-sUktiyA~ sakammuNA kiMccaI pAvakArI, kaDAraNa kammANa Na mokkha asthi / -uttarAdhyayana 4 / 3 pApAtmA apane hI karmoM se pIr3ita hotA hai, kyoMki kRtakarmoM kA phala bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hai| pakke phalamhi paDie, jaha Na phalaM bajjhae puraNo vitte| jIvassa kammabhAve, paDie Na puNodayabhuveI // -samayasAra 168 jisa prakAra pakA huA phala gira jAne ke bAda punaH vRnta se nahIM laga sakatA, usI prakAra karma bhI AtmA se vimukta hone ke bAda puna, AtmA (vItarAga) ko nahIM laga skte| rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM, kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayaMti / kammaM ca jAImaraNassa mUlaM, dukkhaM ca jAImaraNaM vayaMti // -uttarAdhvayana 3217 rAga aura dveSa ye do karma ke bIja haiM / karma moha se utpanna hotA hai / karma hI janma-maraNa kA mUla hai aura janma-maraNa hI vastutaH duHkha hai /

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakiyA 0 zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA jaina-darzana kI dRSTi meM kama bhAgya vidhAtA hai, karma ke niyama yA siddhAnta vidhAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to karma hI bhAgya hai| jaina karma graMthoM meM karma-baMdha aura karma phala bhoga kI prakriyA kA ati vizada varNana hai| unameM jahA~ eka ora yaha vidhAna hai ki baMdhA huA karma phala diye binA kadApi nahIM chUTatA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora una niyamoM kA bhI vidhAna hai, jinase baMdhe hue karma meM aneka prakAra se parivartana bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| karma baMdha se lekara phala-bhoga taka kI inhIM avasthAoM va unake parivartana kI prakriyA ko zAstra meM karaNa kahA gayA hai| karma baMdha va udaya se milane vAle phala hI bhAgya kahA jAtA hai| karma meM parivartana hone se usake phala meM, bhAgya meM bhI parivartana ho jAtA hai| ataHkaraNa ko bhAgya parivartana kI prakriyA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| mahApurANa meM kahA hai vidhi, sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva karma purAkRtam / IzvarezcetI, payAryakarmavedhas // 437 / / _ vidhi, sraSTA, vidhAtA, daiva, purAkRtam, Izvara ye karma rUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / arthAt karma hI vAstava meM brahma yA vidhAtA hai| karaNa pATha haiM : vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se karaNa use kahA jAtA hai jisakI sahAyatA se kriyA yA kArya ho / dUsare zabdoM meM jo kriyA yA kArya meM sahAyaka kAraNa ho / ukta ATha prakAra kI kriyA se karma para prabhAva par3atA hai aura unakI avasthA va phaladAna kI zakti meM parivartana hotA hai| ataH inheM karaNa kahA gayA hai| karmazAstroM meM Agata ina karaNoM kA vivecana vanaspati vijJAna evaM cikitsA zAstra ke niyamoM va dRSTAntoM dvArA manovijJAna evaM vyAvahArika jIvana ke AdhAra para prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. bandhana karaNa: karma paramANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hone ko baMdha kahA jAtA hai / yahA~ karma kA baMdhanA yA saMskAra rUpa bIja kA par3anA baMdhana karaNa hai| ise manovijJAna kI bhASA meM graMthi nirmANa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isI karma-bIja ke

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[ karma siddhAnta udaya yA phalasvarUpa prANI sukha-duHkha rUpa phala bhogatA hai| jisa prakAra zarIra meM bhojana ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA gayA bhalA padArtha zarIra ke lie hitakara aura burA padArtha ahitakara hotA hai| isI prakAra AtmA dvArA grahaNa kie gae zubhakarma paramANu AtmA ke lie suphala saubhAgyadAyI evaM grahaNa kie gae azubha karma paramANu AtmA ke lie kuphala durbhAgyadAyI hote haiN| ataH jo durbhAgya ko dUra rakhanA cAhate haiM unheM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha Adi pApa pravRttiyoM-azubha karmoM se bacanA cAhiye / kyoMki inake phalasvarUpa du:kha milatA hI hai aura jo saubhAgya cAhate haiM unheM sevA, paropakAra, vAtsalya bhAva Adi puNya pravRttiyoM, zubha karmoM ko apanAnA caahiye| kAraNa ki jaisA bIja boyA jAtA hai vaisA hI phala lagatA hai / yaha prAkRtika vidhAna hai, ise koI nahIM TAla sakatA / kisI kI hiMsA yA burA karane vAle ko phalasvarUpa hiMsA hI milane vAlI hai, burA hI hone vAlA hai| bhalA yA sevA karane vAle kA usake phalasvarUpa bhalA hI hotA hai / kisI viSaya, vastu, vyakti, ghaTanA, paristhiti Adi ke prati anukUlatA meM rAga rUpa pravRtti karane se aura pratikUlatA meM dveSa rUpa pravRtti karane se usake sAtha sambandha sthApita ho jAtA hai| yaha sambandha hI bandha hai, bandhana hai| isa prakAra rAga-dveSa karane kA prabhAva cetanA ke guNoM para kyA una guNoM kI abhivyakti se sambandhita mAdhyama zarIra, indriya, mana, vANI Adi para par3atA hai| ataH rAga-dveSa rUpa jaisI pravRtti hotI hai, vaise hI karma baMdhate haiM tathA jitanIjitanI rAga-dveSa kI adhikatA-nyUnatA hotI hai utanI-utanI baMdhana ke Tikane kI sabalatA-nirbalatA tathA usake phala kI adhikatA-nyUnatA hotI hai| isalie jo vyakti jitanA rAga-dveSa kama karatA hai utanA hI kama karma bAMdhatA hai| jo samabhAva rakhatA hai, samadRSTi rahatA hai, vaha pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM karatA hai| ataH baMdha se bacanA hai to rAga-dveSa se bacanA caahiye| niyama : (1) karma bandha kA kAraNa rAga-dveSa yukta pravRtti hai| (2) jo jaisA acchA-burA karma karatA hai, vaha vaisA hI sukha-duHkha rUpa phala bhogatA hai| (3) bandhe hue karma kA phala avazyameva svayaM ko hI bhoganA par3atA hai| koI bhI anya vyakti va zakti usase chuTakArA nahIM dilA sktii| 2. nidhatta karaNa : karma bandha kI vaha dazA jisameM karma itanA dRr3hatara baMdha jAya ki usameM sthiti aura rasa meM pheraphAra tathA ghaTa-bar3ha ho sake parantu usakA prAmala-cala parivartana, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA na ho sake, use nighatta karaNa kahate haiN|

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya - nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [ 76 karma kI yaha sthiti kisI prakRti yA kriyA meM adhika rasa lene, pravRtti kI punarAvRtti karane se hotI hai / jisa prakAra kisI paudhe ko bAra-bAra ukhAr3A jAya yA hAni pahu~cAI jAye to vaha sUkha sA jAtA hai aura usameM vizeSa phala dene kI zakti naSTa ho jAtI hai / athavA jisa prakAra bAra-bAra aphIma khAne se yA zarAba pIne se aphIma khAne yA zarAba pIne kI Adata itanI dRr3hatara ho jAtI hai ki usakA chUTanA kaThina hotA hai bhale hI mAtrA meM kucha ghaTa-bar3ha ho jAya / athavA indriya sukha ke AdhIna ho koI bAra-bAra mithyA AhAra - bihAra kare, jisase usake jalaMdara, bhagaMdara, kSaya jaisI dusAdhya bImArI ho jAya jo janma bhara miTe hI nahIM kevala usameM kucha utAra-car3hAva A jAya / isI prakAra jisa kriyA meM yoga arthAt mana-vacana kAyA kI pravRtti kI punarAvRtti kI adhikatA ho evaM rasa kI arthAt rAga-dva eSa Adi kaSAya kI adhikatA ho to karma kI aisI sthiti IT bandha ho jAtA hai ki jisameM kucha ghaTa-bar3ha to ho sake parantu usakA rUpAMtaraNa va dUsarI prakRti rUpa parivartana na ho sake, usake phala ko bhoganA hI par3e / ataH hameM kisI viSaya - sukha kA bAra-bAra bhoga karane evaM adhika rasa lene se bacanA cAhiye tAki karma kA dRr3hatara bandha na ho / niyama : nitta karma meM saMkramaNa va udIraNA nahIM hotI hai / 3. nikAcita kararaNa : karma-bandha kI vaha dazA jisameM karma itane dRr3hatara ho jAyaM ki unameM kucha bhI phera phAra na ho sake, jise bhoganA hI par3e, nikAcanA kahalAtI hai| karma kI yaha dazA nidhattakaraNa se adhika balavAna hotI hai / karma kI yaha sthiti atyadhika ddhatA se hotI hai / jisa prakAra paudhe ko khAda, rasa Adi pUrNa anukUlatA milane se usake phala meM sthita bIja kA aisA poSaNa hotA hai ki usake ugane kI zakti pUrNa vikasita ho jAtI hai / athavA kisI rogI dvArA bAra-bAra galatI doharAyI jAya va paraheja itanA bigAr3a diyA jAya ki roga aisI sthiti meM pahu~ca jAya ki usameM kamI Ave hI nahIM / yA kaiMsara jaise asAdhya roga kA ho jAne se usake bhoge binA chuTakArA nahIM hotA hai, vaise hI jisa karma ko bhoge binA chuTakArA na ho, vaha nikAcita karma hai / jisa prakAra kaiMsara Adi prasAdhya roga se bacane, dUra rahane meM hI apanA hita hai kAraNa ki usakA eka bAra ho jAne para phira miTanA asambhava hai, isI prakAra karma bandha kI aisI dazA se bacane yA dUra rahane meM hI apanA hita hai - jise binA bhoge chuTakArA asambhava hai / isa ghAtaka dazA se bacanA taba hI sambhava hai jaba kisI pravRtti meM atyanta gRddha na ho / atyadhika Asakta na ho / nidhatta aura nikAcita karma-bandha kI ye donoM dazAe~ asAdhya roga ke samAna haiM parantu nidhatta se nikAcita karma adhika prabala va duHkhada hai / ataH inase bacane meM ho nija hita hai /

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80 ] niyama : nikAcita karma meM saMkramaNa va udIraNA, udvartana, apavartana karaNa nahIM hote haiM / koI-koI prAcArya sAmAnya sA udvartana - apavartana honA mAnate haiM / 4. udvartanA karaNa : 1 jisa kriyA yA pravRtti se bandhe hue karma kI sthiti aura rasa bar3hatA hai, use udvartanA karaNa kahate haiM / aisA hI pahale bAMdhe hue karma - prakRti ke anurUpa pahale se adhika pravRtti karane tathA usameM adhika rasa lene se hotA hai / jaise pahale kisI ne Darate-Darate kisI kI choTI sI vastu curA kara lobha kI pUrti kI phira vaha DAkuoMoM ke giroha meM mila gayA to usakI lobha kI pravRtti kA poSaNa ho gayA, vaha bahuta bar3ha gaI tathA adhikakAla taka TikAU bhI ho gaI, vaha nidhar3aka DAkA DAlane va hatyAe~ karane lgaa| isa prakAra usakI pUrva kI lobha kI vRtti kA poSaNa honA, usakI sthiti va rasa kA bar3hanA udvartanA kahA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra kheta meM uge hue paudhe ko anukUla khAda va jala milane se vaha hRSTa-puSTa hotA hai, usakI Ayu va phaladAna zakti bar3ha jAtI hai isI prakAra pUrva meM bandhe hue karmoM ko usase adhika tIvrarasa, rAga-dva eSa, kaSAya kA nimitta milane se unakI sthiti aura phala dene kI zakti bar3ha jAtI hai / athavA jisa prakAra kisI ne pahale sAdhAraNa sI zarAba pI, isake pazcAt usane usase adhika teja naze vAlI zarAba pI to usake naze kI zakti pahale se adhika bar3ha jAtI hai yA kisI madhumeha ke rogI ne zakkara yA kucha mIThA padArtha khA liyA phira vaha adhika zakkara vAlI miThAI khA letA hai to usa roga kI pahale se adhika vRddhi hone kI sthiti ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra viSaya sukha meM rAga kI vRddhi hone se tathA duHkha meM dveSa bar3hane se tatsaMbaMdhI karma kI sthiti va rasa adhika bar3ha jAtA hai / ataH hita isI meM hai ki kaSAya (rasa) kI vRddhi kara pApa karmoM kI sthiti va rasa ko na bar3hAyA jAya aura puNya karma ko na ghaTAyA jAya / niyama : [ karma siddhAnta ( 1 ) sattA meM sthita karma kI sthiti va rasa se vartamAna meM badhyamAna kama kI sthiti va rasa kA adhika bandha hotA hai, taba hI udvartana karaNa sambhava hai | (2) saMkleza ( kaSAya) kI vRddhi se Ayu karma ko chor3akara zeSa karmoM kI saba prakRtiyoM kI sthiti kA evaM saba pApa prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga (rasa) meM udvartana hotA hai / vizuddhi ( zubha bhAvoM) se puNya prakRtiyoM ke anubhAga (rasa) meM udvartana hotA hai / 5. zrapavartanA karaNa : pUrva meM bandhe hue karmoM kI sthiti aura rasa meM kamI yA jAnA apavartanAkaraNa hai / pahale kisI azubha karma kA bandha karane ke pazcAt jIva yadi phira

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [81 acche karma (kAma) karatA hai to usake pahale bA~dhe hue karmoM kI sthiti va phaladAna zakti ghaTa jAtI hai jaise zreNika ne pahale, krUra karma karake sAtavIM naraka kI prAyu kA baMdha kara liyA thA parantu phira bhagavAn mahAvIra kI zaraNa va samavazaraNa meM AyA, use samyaktva huA jisase apane kRta karmoM para pazcAttApa hA to zubha bhAvoM ke prabhAva se usakI bAMdhI huI sAtavIM naraka kI Ayu ghaTakara pahale naraka kI hI raha gaI / isI prakAra koI acche kAma kare aura ucca starIya deva gati kA bandha kare phira zubha bhAvoM meM girAvaTa A jAya to vaha ucca starIya devagati ke bandha meM girAvaTa Akara nimna starIya devagati kA ho jAtA hai / athavA jisa prakAra kheta meM sthita paudhe ko pratikUla khAda, tApa va jalavAyu mile to usakI Ayu va phaladAna kI zakti ghaTa jAtI hai| isI prakAra sattA meM sthita karmoM kA bandha koI pratikUla kAma kare to usakI sthiti va phaladAna zakti ghaTa jAtI hai / athavA jisa prakAra pitta kA roga nIMbU va AlUbukhArA khAne se, tIvra krodha kA vega jala pIne se, jvara kA adhika tApamAna barpha rakhane se ghaTa jAtA hai isI prakAra pUrva meM kie gae duSkarmoM ke prati saMvara tathA prAyazcita prAdi karane se unakI phaladAna zakti va sthiti ghaTa jAtI hai| ataH viSaya-kaSAya kI anukUlatA meM harSa va rati tathA pratikUlatA meM kheda (zoka) va arati na karane se arthAt virati (saMyama) ko apanAne meM hI Atma-hita hai| niyama : . saMkleSa (kaSAya) kI kamI evaM vizuddhi (zubha bhAvoM) kI vRddhi se pahale bandhe hue karmoM meM Ayu karma ko chor3a kara zeSa saba karmoM kI sthiti evaM pApa prakRtiyoM ke rasa meM apavartana (kamI) hotA hai| saMkleza kI vRddhi se puNya prakRtiyoM ke rasa meM apavartana hotA hai / 6. saMkramaNa karaNa : pUrva meM bandhe karma kI prakRti kA apanI jAtIya anya prakRti meM rUpAMtarita ho jAnA saMkramaNa karaNa kahA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM vanaspati vizeSajJa apane prayatna vizeSa se khaTTe phala dene vAle paudhe ko mIThe phala dene vAle paudhe ke rUpa meM parivartita kara dete haiM / nimna jAti ke bIjoM ko ucca jAti ke bIjoM meM badala dete haiN| isI prakriyA se gulAba kI saiMkar3oM jAtiyA~ paidA kI haiN| vartamAna vanaspati vijJAna meM isa saMkramaNa prakriyA ko saMkara-prakriyA kahA jAtA hai jisakA artha saMkramaNa karanA hI hai| isI saMkramaNa karaNa kI prakriyA se saMkara makkA, saMkara bAjarA, saMkara gehU~ ke bIja paidA kie gae haiN| isI prakAra pUrva meM baMdhI huI karma-prakRtiyA~ vartamAna meM baMdhane vAlI karma prakRtiyoM meM parivartita ho jAtI haiM, . saMkramita ho jAtI haiM / athavA jisa prakAra cikitsA ke dvArA zarIra ke vikAra

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82 / [ karma siddhAnta grasta aMga hRdaya, netra Adi ko haTAkara unake sthAna para svastha hRdaya, netra Adi sthApita kara aMdhe vyakti ko sUjhatA kara dete haiM, rugNa hRdaya ko svastha hRdaya banA dete haiM tathA apaca yA maMdAgni kA roga, siradarda, jvara nirbalatA, kabja yA atisAra meM badala jAtA hai| isase duharA lAbha hotA hai-(1) roga ke kaSTa se bacanA evaM (2) svastha aMga kI zakti kI prApti / isI prakAra pUrva kI baMdhI huI azubha karma prakRti ko apanI sajAtIya zubha karma prakRti meM badalA jAtA hai aura unake duHkhada phala se bacA jA sakatA hai| yaha saMkramaNa yA rUpAntaraNa karma ke mUla bhedoM meM paraspara meM nahIM hotA hai / arthAt jJAnAvaraNa karma, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya Adi kisI anya karma rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra darzanAvaraNa karma, jJAnAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi kisI anya karma rUpa meM nahIM hotA hai / yahI bAta anya sabhI karmoM ke viSaya meM bhI jAnanI cAhiye / saMkramaNa kisI eka hI karma ke avAntara meM uttara prakRtiyoM meM apanI sajAtIya anya uttara prakRtiyoM meM hotA hai| jaise vedanIya karma ke do bheda haiM / sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya / inakA paraspara meM saMkramaNa ho sakatA hai arthAta sAtAvedanIya asAtAvedanIya rUpa ho sakatA hai aura asAtAvedanIya sAtAvedanIya rUpa ho sakatA hai paranta isa niyama ke kacha apavAda haiN| jaise darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohanIya ye donoM mohanIya karma kI hI avAntara yA upaprakRtiyAM haiM parantu inameM bhI paraspara meM saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai| isI prakAra Ayu karma kI cAra avAntara prakRtiyA~ haiM unameM bhI paraspara meM saMkramaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai arthAt narakAyu kA baMdha kara lene para jIva ko naraka meM hI jAnA par3atA hai| vaha tiryaMca, manuSya, deva gati meM nahIM jA sakatA hai| ___ karma-siddhAnta meM nirUpita saMkramaNa-prakriyA ko Adhunika manovijJAna kI bhASA meM mArgAntarIkaraNa (Sublimation of mental energy) kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha mArgAntarIkaraNa yA rUpAntaraNa do prakAra kA hai-1. azubha prakRti kA zubha prakRti meM aura 2. zubha prakRti kA azubha prakRti meM / zubha (udAtta) prakRti kA azubha (kutsita) prakRti meM rUpAntaraNa aniSTakArI hai aura azubha (kutsita) prakRti kA zubha (udAtta) prakRti meM rUpAntaraNa hitakArI hai| vartamAna manovijJAna meM kutsita prakRti ke udAtta prakRti meM rUpAntaraNa ko udAttIkaraNa kahA jAtA hai / yaha udAttIkaraNa saMkramaNa karaNa kA hI eka aMga hai, eka avasthA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna meM udAttIkaraNa para vizeSa anusaMdhAna huA hai tathA pracura prakAza DAlA gayA hai| rAga yA kutsita kAma bhAvanA kA saMkramaNa yA udAttIkaraNa, mana kI pravRtti ko mor3akara zreSTha kalA, sundara citra yA mahAkAvya, bhAva bhakti meM lagAkara kiyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna meM udAttIkaraNa prakriyA

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [ 83 kA upayoga va prayoga kara uddaNDa, anuzAsanahIna, tor3a-phor3a karane vAle aparAdhImanovRtti ke chAtroM evaM vyaktiyoM ko unakI ruci ke kisI racanAtmaka kArya meM lagA diyA jAtA hai / phalasvarUpa ve apanI hAnikAraka va aparAdhI pravRtti kA tyAga kara samAjopayogI kArya meM laga jAte haiM, anuzAsanapriya nAgarika bana jAte haiN| __ kutsita prakRtiyoM ko sad prakRtiyoM meM saMkramaNa yA rUpAntaraNa karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki pahale vyakti ko indriya-bhogoM kI vAstavikatA ko usake vartamAna jIvana kI dainika ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para samajhAyA jaaye| bhoga kA sukha kSaNika hai, nazvara hai va parAdhInatA meM Abaddha karane vAlA hai, pariNAma meM nIrasatA yA abhAva hI zeSa rahatA hai| bhoga jar3atA va vikAra paidA karane vAlA hai| navIna kAmanAoM ko paidA kara citta ko azAMta banAne vAlA hai / saMgharSa, dvandva, antardvandva paidA karane vAlA hai / sukha ke bhogI ko duHkha bhoganA hI par3atA hai| sukha meM du:kha antargabhita rahatA hI hai / bhogoM ke sukha ke tyAga se tatkAla zAnti, svAdhInatA, prasannatA kI anubhUti hotI hai| isa prakAra bhogoM ke sukha kSaNikaasthAyI sukha ke sthAna para hRdaya meM sthAyI sukha prApti kA bhAva jAgRta kiyA jAya / bhAvI duHkha se chuTakArA pAne ke liye vartamAna ke kSaNika sukha ke bhoga kA tyAga karane kI preraNA dI jAya / isase prAtma-saMyama kI yogyatA paidA hotI hai phira dUsaroM ko sukha dene ke lie bhI apane sukha va sukha sAmagrI ko dUsaroM kI sevA meM lagAne kI pravRtti hotI hai / dUsaroM kI niHsvArtha sevA se jo prema kA rasa AtA hai usakA Ananda sukhabhogajanita sukha se nirAlA hotA hai / usa sukha meM ve doSa yA kamiyA~ nahIM hotIM jo bhogajanita sukha meM hotI haiN| prema ke sukha kA yaha bIja udAratA meM pallavita, puSpita tathA phalita hotA hai aura anta meM sarvahitakArI pravRtti kA rUpa le letA hai| jisa prakAra karma-siddhAnta meM saMkramaNa kevala sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM sambhava hai, isI prakAra manovijJAna meM bhI rUpAntaraNa kevala sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM hI sambhava mAnA hai| donoM hI vijAtIya prakRtiyoM ke sAtha saMkramaNa yA rUpAntaraNa nahIM mAnate haiN| saMkramaNakaraNa aura rUpAntarakaraNa donoM hI meM yaha saiddhAntika samAnatA Azcaryajanaka hai| karma siddhAnta ke anusAra pApa pravRttiyoM se hone vAle duHkha, vedanA, azAnti Adi se chuTakArA, paropakAra rUpa puNya pravRttiyoM se kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI siddhAnta kA anusaraNa vartamAna manovijJAnavettA bhI kara rahe haiN| unakA kathana hai ki udAttIkaraNa zArIrika evaM mAnasika rogoM ke upacAra meM bar3A kAragara upAya hai| manovaijJAnika cikitsAlayoM meM asAdhya pratIta hone vAle mahAroga udAttIkaraNa se ThIka hote dekhe jA sakate haiN|

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84 ] [ karma siddhAnta jisa prakAra azubha pravRttiyoM kA zubha pravRttiyoM meM rUpAntaraNa honA jIvana ke lie upayogI va sukhada hotA hai, isI prakAra zubha pravRttiyoM kA azubha pravRttiyoM meM rUpAntaraNa va saMkramaNa honA jIvana ke lie aniSTakArI va duHkhada hotA hai / sajjana bhadra vyakti jaba kusaMgati, kutsita vAtAvaraNa meM par3a jAte haiM aura usase prabhAvita ho jAte haiM to unakI zubha pravRttiyA~ azubha pravRttiyoM meM parivartita ho jAtI haiM jisase unakA mAnasika evaM naitika patana ho jAtA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa unako kaSTa, roga, azAnti, riktatA, hIna bhAvanA, nirAzA, anidrA Adi aneka prakAra ke duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| karma-zAstra ke anusAra saMkramaNa pahale baMdhI huI prakRtiyoM (AdatoM) kA vartamAna meM badhyamAna (baMdhane vAlI) prakRtiyoM meM hotA hai arthAt pahale pravRtti karane se jo prakRti (Adata) par3a gaI-baMdha gaI hai vaha prakRti (Adata) vartamAna meM jo pravRtti kI jA rahI hai usase abhI jo Adata (prakRti) bana rahI hai, usa Adata kA anusaraNa-anugamana karatI hai / tathA isa navIna banane vAlI AdatoM ke anurUpa purAnI AdatoM meM parivartana hotA hai| udAharaNArtha-pahale kisI vyakti ko pravRtti-prakRti ImAnadArI kI hai parantu vartamAna meM vaha beImAnI kI pravRtti kara rahA hai to usakI prakRti (Adata) beImAnI kI prakRti (Adata) meM badala jAtI hai / isake viparIta kisI vyakti meM pahale beImAnI kI Adata par3I huI hai aura vartamAna meM ImAnadArI kI pravRtti kara rahA hai, isase ImAnadArI kI Adata kA nirmANa ho rahA hai to pahale kI beImAnI kI Adata ImAnadArI meM badala jAtI hai, yaha sarvavidita hai| zarIra aura indriya bhItara se azuci ke bhaMDAra haiM evaM nAzavAna haiN| isa satya kA jJAna kisI ko hai| parantu aba vaha zarIra va indriya sukha ke bhoga meM pravRtta ho, mohita ho jAtA hai to use zarIra va indriya sundara va sthAyI pratIta hone lagatA hai / isa prakAra usakA pUrva kA saccA jJAna AcchAdita ho jAtA hai, dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to ajJAnarUpa ho jAtA hai arthAt jJAna ajJAna meM rUpAntarita, saMkramita ho jAtA hai| Age bhI usakA moha jaise-jaise ghaTatA-bar3hatA jAyegA usakI isa ajJAna kI prakRti meM bhI ghaTa-bar3ha hotI jAyegI, apavartana-udvartana hotA jAvegA aura mithyAtva rUpa moha kA nAza ho jAyegA to ajJAna kA nAza ho jAyegA aura jJAna prakaTa ho jaayegaa| vahI ajJAna, jJAna meM badala jAyegA / isI prakAra kSobha (krodha) aura kSamA, mAna aura vinaya, mAyA aura saralatA, lobha aura nirlobhatA, hiMsA aura dayA, harSa aura zoka, zoSaNa aura poSaNa, karuNA aura krUratA, prema aura moha, jar3atA aura cinmayatA, paraspara meM vartamAna prakRtiyoM ke anurUpa saMkramita-rUpAntarita ho jAte haiN| kisI prakRti kI sthiti va anubhAga kA ghaTanA (apavartana) bar3hanA (udvartana) bhI sthiti, saMkramaNa va anubhAga saMkramaNa ke hI rUpa haiM / saMkramaNa karaNa kA uparyukta siddhAnta spaSTataH isa satya ko udghATita

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [ 85 karatA hai ki kisI ne pahale kitane hI acche karma bAMdhe hoM yadi vaha vartamAna meM duSpravRttiyAM kara bure (pApa) karma bAndha rahA hai to pahale ke acche (puNya) karma bure (pApa) karma meM badala jAveMge, phira unakA koI acchA sukhada phala nahIM milane vAlA hai / isake viparIta kisI ne pahale duSkarma (pApa) kie haiM, bAMdhe haiM parantu vartamAna meM vaha satkarma kara rahA hai to vaha apane bure karmoM ke duHkhada phala se chuTakArA pA letA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to hama hamAre vartamAna jIvana kAla kA sadupayoga-durupayoga kara apane bhAgya ko saubhAgya yA durbhAgya meM badala sakate haiN| isakI hameM pUrNa svAdhInatA hai tathA hamAre meM sAmarthya bhI hai| ise udAharaNa se samajhe 'ka' eka vyApArI hai / 'kha' usakA pramukha grAhaka hai / 'ka' ko usase vizeSa lAbha hotA hai| 'ka' ke lobha kI pUrti hotI hai tathA 'kha' 'ka' ke vyavahAra kI bahuta prazaMsA karatA hai jisase 'ka' ke mAna kI puSTi hotI hai| ataH 'ka' kA 'kha' ke sAtha lobha aura mAna rUpa ghaniSTha sambandha yA bandha hai parantu 'ka' ne 'kha' ko lobha vaza asalI mAla ke bajAya nakalI mAla de diyaa| isa dhokhe kA jaba 'kha' ko patA calA to vaha ruSTa ho gayA aura usa para 'ka' kI jo rakama udhAra thI. usane use dene se manA kara diyA / gAlI-galoca kara 'ka' kA apamAna kara diyaa| isase 'ka' ko krodha aayaa| aba 'ka' kA 'kha' ke prati lobha va mAna rUpa jo rAga kA sambandha thA vaha krodha va dveSa meM rUpAntarita-saMkramita ho gyaa| niyama : (1) prakRti saMkramaNa badhyamAna prakRti meM hI hotA hai / . (2) saMkramaNa sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai / . noTa : 1. udvelanA saMkramaNa, 2. vidhyAta saMkramaNa, 3. adhaHstana saMkramaNa, 4. guNa saMkramaNa, 5. sarva saMkramaNa Adi saMkramaNa ke aneka bheda-prabheda karma zAstroM meM kahe gaye haiM, vistAra bhaya se yahA~ usakA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 7. udIraNA karaNa : bandhe hue karma kA niyata kAla meM phala dene ko udaya kahA jAtA hai aura niyata kAla ke pahale karma ke phala dene ko udIraNA kahate haiN| jaise Ama becane bAlA AmoM ko jaldI pakAne ke lie per3a se tor3akara bhUse Adi meM dabA detA hai jisase Ama samaya se pUrva jaldI paka jAte haiM / isI prakAra jo karma samaya pAkara udaya meM Ane vAle haiM arthAt apanA phala dene vAle haiM unakA prayatna vizeSa se kisI nimitta se samaya se pUrva hI phala dekara naSTa ho jAnA udIraNA hai|

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86 ] [ karma siddhAnta . jisa prakAra zarIra meM sthita koI vikAra kAlAntara meM roga ke rUpa meM phala dene vAlA hai / TIkA lagavAkara yA davA Adi ke prayatna dvArA pahale hI usa vikAra ko ubhAra kara phala bhoga lene se usa vikAra se mukti mila jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha-cecaka kA TIkA lagAne se cecaka kA vikAra samaya se pahale hI apanA phala de detA hai| bhaviSya meM usase chUTakArA mila jAtA hai| vamana-recana (ulTI yA dasta) dvArA kie gae upacAra meM zarIra kA vikAra nikAla kara roga se samaya se pUrva hI mukti pAI jA sakatI hai / . isI prakAra antastala meM sthita karma kI graMthiyoM (baMdhanoM) ko bhI prayatna se samaya ke pUrva udaya meM lAkara phala bhogA jA sakatA hai| vaise to karmoM kI udIraNA prANI ke dvArA kie gae prayatnoM se apanAe gae nimittoM se sahaja rUpa meM hotI rahatI hai parantu antaratama meM ajJAta-agAdha gaharAI meM chipe va sthita karmoM kI udIraNA ke lie vizeSa puruSArtha karane kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, jise tapa ke dvArA karmoM kI nirjarA karanA kahA jAtA hai| __ vartamAna manovijJAna bhI udIraNA ke uparyukta tathya ko svIkAra karatA hai| manovijJAna meM isa prakriyA se avacetana mana meM sthita manograMthiyoM kA recana yA vamana karAyA jAtA hai / ise manovizleSaNa paddhati kahA jAtA hai| isa paddhati se ajJAta mana meM chipI huI graMthiyA~, kuThAeM, vAsanAe~, kAmanAe~ jJAta mana meM prakaTa hotI haiM, udaya hotI haiM aura unakA phala bhoga liyA jAtA hai to ve naSTa ho jAtI haiN| Adhunika manovaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki mAnava kI adhikatara zArIrika evaM mAnasika bImAriyoM kA kAraNa ye ajJAta mana meM chipI huI graMthiyA~ hI haiN| jinakA saMcaya hamAre pahale ke jIvana meM huA hai| jaba ye granthiyA~ bAhara prakaTa hokara naSTa ho jAtI haiM to inase sambandhita bImAriyA~ bhI miTa jAtI haiN| mAnasika cikitsA meM isa paddhati kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| apane dvArA pUrva meM hue pApoM yA doSoM ko smRti paTala para lAkara guru ke samakSa prakaTa karanA, unakI AlocanA karanA, pratikramaNa karanA, udIraNA yA manovizleSaNa paddhati kA hI rUpa hai| isase sAdhAraNa doSa-duSkRta mithyA ho jAte haiM, naSTa ho jAte haiM, phala dene kI zakti kho dete haiN| yadi doSa pragAr3ha ho, bhArI ho to unake nAza ke lie prAyazcita liyA jAtA hai| pratikramaNa karmoM kI udIraNA meM bar3A sahAyaka hai| hama pratikramaNa ke upayoga se apane duSkarmoM kI udIraNA karate raheM to karmoM kA saMcaya ghaTatA jAyegA jisase Arogya meM vRddhi hogii| jo zArIrika evaM mAnasika Arogya, samatA, zAnti evaM prasannatA ke rUpa meM prakaTa hogii|

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [ 87 udIraNA ko prakriyA : udIraNA ke lie pahale zubha-bhAvoM se apavartanA karaNa dvArA pUrva meM saMcita karmoM kI sthiti ko ghaTA diyA jAtA hai| sthiti ghaTa jAne para karma niyata samaya se pUrva udaya meM A jAte haiN| udAharaNArtha jaba koI vyakti kisI durghaTanA meM apanI pUrI Ayu bhoge binA hI mara jAtA hai to use akAla mRtyu kahA jAtA hai| isakA kAraNa Ayu karma kI sthiti apavartanA karaNa dvArA ghaTakara udIraNA ho jAnA hI hai| niyama : (1) binA apavartana ke udIraNA nahIM hotI hai / (2) udIraNA kiye karma udaya meM Akara phala dete haiM / (3) udIraNA ke udaya meM Akara jitane karma kaTate haiM (nirjarita hote haiM) udaya meM kaSAya bhAva kI adhikatA hone se unase aneka guNe karma adhika bhI bandha sakate haiN| 8. upazamanA karaNa : karma kA udaya meM Ane ke ayogya ho jAnA upazamanA karaNa hai / jisa prakAra bhUmi meM sthita paudhe varSA ke jala se bhUmi para papar3I A jAne se daba jAte haiM. bar3hanA ruka jAtA hai, prakaTa nahIM hote haiN| isI prakAra karmoM ko jJAna bala yA saMyama se dabA dene se unakA phala denA ruka jAtA hai| ise upazamanA karaNa kahate haiM / isase tatkAla zAnti milatI hai / jo Atmazakti ko prakaTa karane meM sahAyaka hotI hai| athavA jisa prakAra zarIra meM ghAva ho jAne se yA Aparezana karane se pIr3A yA kaSTa hotA hai| usa kaSTa kA anubhava na ho isake lie injekzana yA davAI dI jAtI hai jisase pIr3A yA darda kA zamana ho jAtA hai / ghAva ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI rogI usake pariNAmasvarUpa udaya hone vAlI vedanA se usa samaya bacA rahatA hai / isI prakAra jJAna aura kriyA vizeSa se karma prakRtiyoM ke kuphala kA zamana kiyA jAtA hai| yahI upazamanA karaNa hai| parantu jisa prakAra injekzana yA davA se darda kA zamana rahane para bhI ghAva bharatA rahatA hai aura ghAva bharane kA jo samaya hai vaha ghaTatA rahatA hai| isI prakAra karma-prakRtiyoM ke phalabhoga kA zamana hone para bhI unakI sthiti, anubhAga va pradeza ghaTatA raha sakatA hai| niyama : upazamanA karaNa mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyoM meM hI hotA hai / karaNa-jJAna meM mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta yaha hai ki vartamAna meM jina karma prakRtiyoM kA bandha ho rahA hai| purAnI bandhI huI prakRtiyoM para unakA prabhAva

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88 ] [karma siddhAnta par3atA hai aura ve vartamAna meM badhyamAna prakRtiyoM ke anurUpa parivartita ho jAtI haiN| sIdhe zabdoM meM kaheM to vartamAna meM hamArI jo Adata bana rahI hai, purAnI AdateM badala kara usI ke anurUpa ho jAtI haiN| yaha sabakA anubhava hai| udAharaNArtha-prasannacandra rAjarSi ko le sakate haiN| prasannacandra rAjA the| ve saMsAra ko asAra samajha kara rAjapATa aura gRhasthAzrama kA tyAga kara sAdhu bana gaye the| ve eka dina sAdhuveza meM dhyAna kI mudrA meM khar3e the| usa samaya zreNika rAjA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke darzanArtha jAte hue udhara se nikalA / usane rAjarSi ko dhyAna mudrA meM dekhaa| zreNika ne bhagavAn ke darzana kara bhagavAn se pUchA ki dhyAnastha rAjarSi prasannacandra isa samaya kAla kareM to kahA~ jaaye| bhagavAn ne pharamAyA ki sAtavIM naraka meM jaaveN| kucha dera bAda phira pUchA to bhagavAn ne pharamAyA chaThI narka meM jaaveN| isa prakAra zreNika rAjA dvArA bAra-bAra pUchane para bhagavAn ne usI krama se pharamAyA ki chaThI narka se pAMcavI narka meM, cauthI narka meM, tIsarI narka meM, dUsarI narka meM, pahalI narka meM jaayeN| phira pharamAyA prathama devaloka meM, dUsare devaloka meM, kramazaH bArahaveM devaloka meM, nava grevayaka meM, anuttara vimAna meM jaaveN| itane meM hI rAjarSi ko kevalajJAna ho gyaa| huA yaha thA ki jahA~ rAjarSi prasannacandra dhyAnastha khar3e the| udhara se kucha pathika nikle| unhoMne rAjarSi kI ora saMketa karake kahA ki apane putra ko rAjya kA bhAra sambhalA kara yaha rAjA to sAdhu bana gayA aura yahA~ dhyAna meM khar3A hai| parantu isake zatru ne isake rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA hai| vahA~ bhayaMkara saMgrAma ho rahA hai, prajA pIr3ita ho rahI hai / putra parezAna ho rahA hai| ise kucha vicAra hI nahIM hai| yaha sunate hI rAjarSi ko roSa va joza paayaa| hozahavAza kho gyaa| usake mana meM udvega uThA / maiM abhI yuddha meM jAU~gA aura zatru senA kA saMhAra kara vijaya pAU~gA / usakA dharma-dhyAna raudra-dhyAna meM saMkramita ho gyaa| apanI isa raudra, ghora hiMsAtmaka mAnasika sthiti kI kAlimA se vaha sAtavIM narka kI gati kA baMdha karane lgaa| jyoMhI vaha yuddha karane ke lie caraNa uThAne lagA tyoMhI usane apanI veza-bhUSA ko dekhA to use hoza AyA ki maiMne to rAjapATa tyAga kara saMyama dhAraNa kiyA hai / merA rAjapATa se aba koI saMbaMdha nhiiN| isa prakAra usane apane Apako smbhaalaa| usakA joza-roSa manda hone lgaa| roSa yA raudra dhyAna jaise-jaise maMda hotA gayA, ghaTatA gayA, vaise-vaise nArakIya bandhana bhI ghaTatA gayA aura sAtavIM narka se ghaTakara kramazaH pahalI narka taka pahuMca gyaa| isake sAtha hI pUrva meM bandhe sAtavIM Adi narko kI baMdha kI sthiti va anubhAga ghaTakara pahalI narka meM apavartita ho gye| phira bhAvoM meM aura vizuddhi aaii| roSa-joza zAMta hokara saMtoSa meM parivartita ho gayA to rAjarSi deva gati kA bandha karane lagA / isase pUrva hI meM bandhA narka gati kA bandha

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karaNa siddhAnta : bhAgya-nirmANa kI prakriyA ] [ 86 deva gati meM rUpAntarita ho gayA, saMkramita ho gyaa| phira zreNIkaraNa kI prakriyA prArambha hone lagI to bhAvoM meM atyanta vizuddhi aaii| kaSAyoM kA upazamana huA to anuttara vimAna devagati kA bandha hone lgaa| phira bhAvoM kI vizeSa vizuddhi se pApa karmoM kA sthitighAta aura rasaghAta huaa| karmoM kI tIvra udIraNA huii| phira kSINa kaSAya hone para pUrNa vItarAgatA A gaI aura kevalajJAna ho gayA / isa prakAra prasannacandra rAjarSi apanI vartamAna bhAvanA kI vizuddhi va sAdhanA ke bala se pUrva bandha karmoM kA utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa, udIraNA Adi karaNa (kriyAe~) kara kRtakRtya huaa| isI prakAra pratyeka vyakti apane pUrva janma meM duSpravRttiyoM se azubha va 'duHkhada pApa karmoM kI bA~dhe hue usakI sthiti va anubhAga ko vartamAna meM apanI zubha pravRttiyoM se zubha karma bAMdhakara ghaTA sakatA hai tathA zubha va sukhada puNya karmoM meM saMkramita kara sakatA hai / isake viparIta vaha vartamAna meM apanI duSpravRttiyoM se azubha pApa karmoM kA bandhana kara va pUrva se bAndhe zubha va sukhada karmoM ko azubha va duHkhada karmoM ke rUpa meM bhI saMkramita kara sakatA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki pUrva meM bandhe hue karma usI prakAra bhogane pdd'eN| vyakti apane vartamAna karmoM (prakRtiyoM) ke dvArA pUrva meM bandhe karmoM ko badalane, sthiti, anubhAga ghaTAne-bar3hAne evaM kSaya karane meM pUrNa samartha va svAdhIna hai| sAdhaka parAkrama kare to prathama guNasthAna se U~cA uThakara karmoM kA kSaya karatA huA antamuhUrta meM kevalajJAna prApta kara sakatA hai|| karma ke savaiye tAroM kI jyoti meM candra chipe nahIM, sUrya chipe nahIM bAdala chAye / indra kI ghora se mora chupe nahIM, sarpa chipe nahIM pUgI bajAye / jaMga jur3e rajapUta chupe nahIM, dAtAra chupe nahIM mAMgana pAye / jogI kA veSa aneka karo para, karma chupe na bhabhUti ramAe /

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kArmaNa zarIra aura karma 0 zrI candanarAja mehatA __ karma-jagata kA sambandha sthUla zarIra se nahIM hokara usa sUkSma zarIra se hai jo isa dRzya zarIra ke bhItara hai| zarIra pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-audArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, taijasa va kArmaNa / inameM taijasa aura kArmaNa zarIra atIva sUkSma haiN| AtmA jaba taka pUrNatayA karmoM se mukta nahIM hotI taba taka ye donoM sUkSma zarIra sadA AtmA ke sAtha rahate haiM / AtmA ke koI karma pudgala nahIM cipakate parantu AtmA ke sAtha jo karma zarIra hai usase cipakate haiN| taijasa zarIra-karma zarIra aura sthUla zarIra ke bIca setu kA kAma karatA hai / jo zarIra AhAra Adi ko pacAne meM samartha hai aura jo tejomaya hai vaha taijasa zarIra hai| yaha zarIra vidyut paramANuoM va karma zarIra, vAsanA, saMskAra va saMvedana ke sUkSmatama paramANuoM se nirmita hotA hai| ___ kArmaNa zarIra atIva sUkSma hai aura jJAnAvaraNIya Adi pATha karmoM ke pudgala samUha se isakA nirmANa hotA hai| yaha zarIra atyanta sUkSma hai isalie sAre loka kI koI bhI vastu unake praveza ko nahIM roka sktii| sUkSma vastu binA rukAvaTa ke sarvatra praveza kara sakatI hai jaise ati kaThora loha piNDa meM agni / karma zarIra ke atIva sUkSma pudgala yAnI ananta pradezI skandha jo siddhoM se ananta guNA jyAdA aura abhavI se ananta bhAga kama haiM, hamArI AtmA se cipake hue haiM / zarIra vijJAna ke anusAra hamAre bhautika zarIra meM eka varga iMca sthAna meM gyAraha lAkha se adhika kozikAe~ hotI haiM kintu yadi sUkSma karma-zarIra meM sthita karma jagat kI kozikAoM kA lekhA jokhA kiyA jAya to mAlUma hogA ki eka varga iMca jagaha meM araboM-kharaboM kozikAoM kA astitva hai| ye karma pudgala cAra sparza vAle evaM ananta pradezI hote haiN| ina sUkSma pudgaloM kA svarUpa itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki ve kevala atIdriya zaktiyoM ke dvArA hI dekhe jA sakate haiM, evaM mAtra bAhya upakaraNoM se nahIM dekhe jA sakate / zIta-uSNa aura snigdha-rukSa ye cAra mUla sparza haiM aura pratyeka pudgala meM prApta haiN| ye virodhI haiM para unakA saha-avasthAna hai| ve cAroM haiM tabhI pudgala skandha hamAre lie upayogI hotA hai| duniyA meM saba kucha yugala hai, jisake binA

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kArmaraNa zarIra aura karma ] [ 1 sRSTi hI nahIM ho sakatI / pratyeka paramANu 'karma' nahIM bana sakate / sUkSma evaM catuH sparzI paramANu hI 'karma' bana sakate haiM / ina catuHsparzI paramANu-skandhoM meM bhAra nahIM hotA, ve laghu va guru nahIM hote / unameM vidyut Avega nahIM hotA / ve bAhara jA sakate haiM yAnI dIvAra ke bIca meM bhI nikala sakate haiM / unakI gati apratyAhata aura askhalita hotI hai / anya cAra sparza laghu-guru ( halkA - bhArI ) aura karkaza-mRdu (kaThora - mIThA ) ye vastu ke mUlabhUta dharma nahIM haiM parantu ve saMyoga zakti ke dvArA banate haiM / ina praSTasparzI paramANu skandhoM meM bhAra hotA hai, vidyut, Avega va prasphuTana hotA hai aura unakA sthUla avagAhana bhI hotA hai / ina aSTasparzI pudgaloM meM karma banane kI aura amUrta AtmA kI zaktiyoM ko AvRtta karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI / thiyosophisTsa (Theosophists) ne ina zarIroM kI bhinna saMjJAe~ dI haiM / unhoMne sthUla zarIra ko Physical Body, sUkSma zarIra ko Etheric Body aura ati sUkSma zarIra ko Astral Body kahA hai / vedAnta ke maharSi aravinda ne batAyA hai ki sthUla zarIra ke atirikta hamAre aneka sUkSma zarIra bhI haiM aura hama nire sthUla zarIra hI nahIM, apitu aneka zarIroM ke nirmAtA bhI haiM tathA unheM icchAnusAra prabhAvita karane kI zakti rakhane vAle samartha Atma- puruSa bhI haiM / unhoMne Age batAyA ki isa zarIra ke atirikta hamAre cAra adRzya zarIra una cAra lokoM jo vAyavya loka, divya loka, mAnasika loka tathA AdhyAtmika loka ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM, se sAnnidhya prApta karate haiM / hamArA prANamaya zarIra AkAra-prakAra meM sthUla zarIra jaisA hI hotA hai para sthUla zarIra ke rahate yaha jitanA prabhAvazAlI thA, isase alaga hone para usase hajAra gunA adhika zaktizAlI aura prabhAvazAlI ho jAtA hai / karma-zarIra sarvAdhika zaktizAlI zarIra hai / yaha anya sabhI zarIroM kA mUlabhUta hetu hai / isake hone para anya zarIra hote haiM aura na hone para koI zarIra nahIM hotA / sthUla zarIra kA sIdhA samparka taijasa zarIra se hai aura taijasa zarIra kA sIdhA samparka karma - zarIra se hai / karma - zarIra se sIdhA samparka cetanA kA hai ra yaha karma-zarIra hI caitanya para AvaraNa DAlatA hai / karma-zarIra sthUla zarIra dvArA AkarSita bAhya jagat ke prabhAvoM ko grahaNa karatA hai aura caitanya ke prabhAvoM ko bAhya jagat taka pahu~cAtA hai / sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karma-yukta zarIra se hotA hai / ghaTanA sthUla zarIra meM ghaTita hotI hai aura usakA saMvedana karmazarIra meM hotA hai / mAdaka vastuoM kA prayoga karane para sthUla zarIra aura karmazarIra kA sambandha UparI stara para vicchinna ho jAtA hai / isase usa dazA meM sthUla zarIra kA sardI, garmI yA pIr3A kA koI saMvedana nahIM hotA / roga bhI karma - zarIra meM utpanna hotA hai aura sthUla zarIra meM vyakta hotA hai / vAsanA karma - zarIra meM utpanna hotI hai aura vyakta hotI hai sthUla zarIra dvArA / karma-zarIra aura sthUla

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62 ] [ karma siddhAnta zarIra donoM kA sambandha hamArI vibhinna mAnavIya avasthAoM kA nirmANa karate haiM / hama samasyA aura usake samAdhAna ko sthUla-zarIra meM khojate haiM jabaki donoM kA mUla karma-zarIra meM hotA hai / karma-zarIra hamAre ciMtana, bhAvanA, saMkalpa aura pravRtti se prakampita hotA hai| prakampanakAla meM vaha naye paramANuoM ko grahaNa (bandha) karatA hai aura pUrva gRhIta paramANuoM kA parityAga (nirjaraNa) karatA hai / hamAre zvAsa aura ucchavAsa kI gati kA, hamArI prabhA, hamArI indriyoM kI zakti kA tathA varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza Adi anubhavoM ke niyaMtraNa kA hetu sUkSma zarIra hai / dUsaroM ko coTa pahu~cAne kI hamArI kSamatA yA dUsaroM se coTa na khAne kI hamameM jo kSamatA hai usakA niyaMtraNa bhI sUkSma zarIra se hI hotA hai / isa taraha hamArI sampUrNa zakti kA niyAmaka hai sUkSma zarIra / prANI ke marane para jaba AtmA eka zarIra ko chor3akara dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai, usa antarAla kAla meM usake sAtha do zarIra avazya hI hote haiM eka taijasa aura dUsarA kArmaNa zarIra / una donoM zarIroM ke mAdhyama se AtmA antarAla kI yAtrA karatI hai aura apane utpatti sthAna taka pahu~catI hai| naye janma ke prArambha se hI karma-zarIra AhAra grahaNa karatA hai cAhe vaha proja AhAra ho yA UrjA AhAra ho / jIva saMsAra meM hogA taba hI karma-zarIra hogaa| isa taraha jIva AhAra kA upabhoga kara zIghra hI usakA upayoga bhI kara letA hai| sthUla zarIra kA nirmANa zurU ho jAtA hai| hamAre sthUla zarIra kA jyoM-jyoM vikAsa hotA hai, tyoM-tyoM nAr3iyA~ banatI haiM, haDDiyA~ banatI haiM, cakra banate haiM, aura bhI aneka prakAra ke avayava banate rahate haiM va indriyoM kA vikAsa hotA rahatA hai / isa taraha ke vikAsa kA mUla srota hai karma-zarIra / karma-zarIra meM jitane srota haiM, jitane zakti-vikAsa ke kendra haiM, una sabakA saMvedya hai sthUla zarIra / yadi kisI prANI ke karma-zarIra meM eka indriya kA vikAsa hotA hai to sthUla zarIra kI saMracanA meM kevala eka indriya kA hI vikAsa hogA yAnI kevala sparza indriya kA hI vikAsa hogaa| yadi karma-zarIra meM eka se adhika indriyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai to sthUla zarIra meM utanI hI indriyoM ke saMghaTana vikasita hoNge| yadi karma-zarIra meM mana kA vikAsa hotA hai to sthUla zarIra meM bhI mastiSka kA nirmANa hogaa| jina jIvoM ke karma-zarIra meM mana kA vikAsa nahIM hai unake na to meru rajju hotI hai aura na hI mastiSka kyoMki mana ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI meru rajju aura mastiSka banate haiN| isa prakAra sthUla zarIra kI racanA kA sArA upakrama sUkSma-zarIra ke vikAsa para AdhArita hai / uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi sUkSma zarIra bimba hai to sthUla zarIra usakA pratibimba aura yadi sUkSma zarIra pramANa hai to sthUla zarIra usakA saMvedI pramANa hai| isa zarIra kI racanA taba taka hI hotI hai jaba taka AtmA karmoM se bandhI

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kArmaNa zarIra aura karma ] [ 63 hai| karma-baddha AtmA se hI karma-pudgala sambandha jor3ate haiM aura karma-zarIra se cipake hue karma-pudagala, acche yA bure, cAhe isa janma ke hoM yA pichale janmoM ke hoM, jIva ke sAtha calate haiM aura paripakva hone para udaya meM Ate haiN| jaba AtmA karmoM se mukta ho jAtI hai to phira koI bhI pudgala usa zuddha caitanyamaya AtmA se na to sambandha jor3a sakate haiM aura na hI AvaraNa DAla sakate haiN| sUkSma zarIra ke dvArA jo vipAka hotA hai, usakA rasa-srAva zarIra kI granthiyoM ke dvArA hotA hai aura vaha hamArI sArI pravRttiyoM ko saMcAlita karatA hai aura prabhAvita bhI karatA hai / yadi hama isa tathya ko ucita rUpa meM jAna lete haiM to hama sthUla zarIra para hI na ruka kara usase Age sUkSma zarIra taka pahu~ca jaaeN| hameM una rasAyanoM taka pahu~canA hai jo karmoM ke dvArA nirmita ho rahe haiN| vahA~ bhI hama na rukeM, Age bar3heM aura AtmA ke una pariNAmoM taka pahu~ce, jo una srAvoM ko nirmita kara rahe haiN| sthUla yA sUkSma zarIra upakaraNa haiM / mUla haiM AtmA ke pariNAma / hama sUkSma zarIra se Age bar3ha kara Atma pariNAma taka phuNce| upAdAna ko samajhanA hogA, nimitta ko bhI samajhanA hogA aura pariNAmoM ko bhI / mana ke pariNAma, AtmA ke pariNAma nirantara calate rahate haiM / AtmA ke pariNAma yadi vizuddha caitanya kendroM kI ora pravAhita hote haiM, to pariNAma vizuddha hoMge aura ve hI Atma-pariNAma vAsanA kI vRttiyoM ko uttejanA dene vAle caitanya-kendroM kI ora pravAhita hote haiM, to pariNAma kaluSita hoNge| jo caitanya-krandra krodha, mada, mAyA aura lobha kI vattiyoM ko uttejita karate haiM, jo caitanya kendra AhAra saMjJA, bhaya saMjJA, maithuna saMjJA aura parigraha saMjJA ko uttejanA dete haiM, yadi una caitanya kendroM kI ora Atma-pariNAma kI dhArA pravAhita hogI, to usa samaya vahI vRtti ubhara AegI, vaise hI vicAra bneNge| Aja isa bAta kI AvazyakatA hai ki hama nirantara abhyAsa dvArA yaha jAnane kI koziza kareM ki zarIra ke kisa bhAga meM mana ko pravAhita karane se acche pariNAma pA sakate haiM aura kisa bhAga meM mana ko pravAhita karane se bure pariNAma ubharate haiN| yadi yaha anubhUti ho jAya to hama apanI sArI vRttiyoM para niyantraNa pA sakate haiM aura taba hama apanI icchAnusAra zubha lezyAoM meM praveza kara sakate haiM aura azubha lezyAoM se chuTakArA pA sakate haiN| isa viSaya meM gujarAtI-mizrita rAjasthAnI bhASA ke prAcIna grantha meM kucha aise mahattvapUrNa tathya likhe haiM jo patA nahIM lekhaka ke nijI anubhavoM para AdhArita haiM athavA dUsare granthoM ke AdhAra para, lekina bahuta hI AzcaryakArI aura mahattvapUrNa haiM / usameM likhA hai-nAbhi kamala kI aneka paMkhur3iyA~ haiN| jaba AtmapariNAma pramukha paMkhur3I para jAtA hai taba krodha kI vRtti jAgatI hai, jaba amuka paMkhur3I para jAtA hai taba mAna kI vRtti jAgatI hai, jaba amuka paMkhur3I para jAtA hai taba vAsanA uttejita hotI hai aura jaba amuka paMkhur3I para jAtA hai taba lobha

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14 ] [ karma siddhAnta kI vRtti ubharatI hai / jaba Atma-pariNAma nAbhi kamala se Upara uThakara hRdaya kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM para jAtA hai taba samatA kI vRtti jAgatI hai, jJAna kA vikAsa hotA hai, acchI vRttiyA~ ubharatI haiN| jaba Atma-pariNAma darzana kendra para pahu~catA hai taba caudaha pUrvo ke jJAna ko grahaNa karane kI kSamatA jAgRta hotI hai / ____ yaha sArA pratipAdana kisa AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA kintu isa pratipAdana meM eka bahuta bar3I saccAI kA udghATana hotA hai ki mAnava zarIra meM aneka saMvAdI kendra haiN| ina kendroM para mana ko ekAgra kara, mana se usakI prekSA kara, hama aise dvAroM kA udghATana kara sakate haiM, aisI khir3akiyA~ khola sakate haiM, jinake dvArA cetanA kI razmiyA~ bAhara nikala sakeM aura aghaTita ghaTita kara skeN| __ yaha bahuta hI kaThina sAdhanA hai aura nirantara lambe samaya taka isakA abhyAsa, karane para hI vyakti ko kucha upalabdhi ho sakatI hai yA acche pariNAma nikala sakate haiM / abhyAsa kiye binA pustakIya adhyayana se korA jJAna hogaa| AgamavANI ke anusAra "ahiMsu vijjA caraNaM pamokkhaM / " duHkha mukti ke lie vidyA aura AcAra kA anuzIlana kreN| pahale jAno, phira abhyAsa kro| niSkarSa yaha hai ki karma AtmA se nahIM cipakate parantu karma-zarIra jo AtmA ke sAtha janma-janmAntara rahatA hai, usase cipakate haiN| saMdarbha : 1-harimohana guptA "araviMda kA sUkSma zarIra", dharma yuga 20 se 28-2-80 / 2-yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-"zakti ke jAgaraNa sUtra", prekSA dhyAna, mArca, 1980 / savaiyA karma pratApa turaMga nacAvata, karma se chatrapati sama hoii| karma se pUta kapUta kahAvata, karma se aura bar3o nahIM koI // karma phiryo jada rAvaNa ko, taba sone kI laMka palaka meM khoii| Apa bar3hAI kahA kare mUrakha, karma kare so kare nahIM koI //

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karmavAda ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta DaoN. ziva muni jJAna eka mahAn nidhi hai| vaha hai bhI hamAre bhItara hI / Azcarya to isa bAta kA hai ki jo hamAre bhItara hai usakA hameM patA to hai kintu anubhava nahIM hai| isake bIca meM koI rukAvaTa avazya hai| jaina darzana meM usI rukAvaTa ko, AvaraNoM ko karma kahA hai| __karma eka nirjIva tattva hai| AvaraNa jitane bhI hote haiM sabhI nirjIva hote haiM / ina AvaraNoM ko dUra karane ke lie aneka santoM, RSiyoM, maharSiyoM ne prayatna kie haiN| kucha una prayatnoM meM saphala bhI hue haiM aura kucha saphalatA kI ora abhI taka Age bar3hate cale A rahe haiN| sabhI kA eka hI lakSya hai yena-kenaprakAreNa / ina AvaraNoM se chuTakArA ho jAe / bandhana se chuTakArA saba cAhate haiM kintu apanI isa vAstavika cAha ke anurUpa jaba taka sAdhanA nahIM hotI chuTakArA sambhava nahIM ho sktaa| karmoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki sabase pahale apane jJAna ko sahI rUpa meM jAgRta kiyA jaae| jaba taka jJAna kA jAgaraNa nahIM hogA, kauna chuTegA, kisase chUTegA, yaha saba prazna ulajhe hI raha jaaeNge| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne "paDhamaM nANaM" kA sUtra diyA hai / prathama jJAna / karma kyA hai, yaha samajha lenA bahuta jarUrI hai| isI samajha ko bhagavAn mahAvIra jJAna kahate haiN| jinameM yaha samajha nahIM hai, ve apanI hI nAsamajhI ke kAraNa ajJAnI kahe jAte haiN| jisakA jJAna AvRtta hai, DhakA huA hai, vaha ajJAnI hai| AvaraNa ke paramANu jaba taka AtmA se sambaddha rahate haiM, taba taka vaha paravaza rahatI hai| hamAre cAroM ora jo paramANu kA jAla hai, vahI karma jAla hai| isa jAla se vahI nikala sakatA hai jo isake mUla kAraNa ko jAnatA hai / prAvaraNa ke kAraNa ko samajha lenA karmoM se mukti hone kA prathama sUtra hai| karma paramANuoM kI bhI apanI eka zakti hotI hai| jaise-jaise karma hama karate haiM, ve paramANu karma kriyA ke prArambha se hI apane svabhAva ke anusAra calane lagate haiN| apane svabhAva ke anusAra kArya hI karma kA phala hai / kucha loga karma phala ke viSaya meM Izvara kA nAma lete haiN| para yaha siddhAnta sahI pratIta nahIM hotaa| jaba bhagavAn inase rahita hai, phira vaha kisI ke karma phala ke jhamele meM kyoM par3egA? gItA meM isa viSaya para bar3A hI sundara vivecana milatA hai|

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66 ] [ karma kA siddhAnta na katatvaM na karmANi, lokasya sRjati prabhu / na karma phala saMyogaM, svabhAvAstu pravartate // he arjuna ! na maiM karma karatA hUM, na hI saMsAra ko banAtA huuN| jIvoM ko unake karma kA phala bhI nahIM detA huuN| isa saMsAra meM jo bhI kucha ho rahA hai, vaha svabhAva se hI ho rahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki na to bhagavAn saMsAra kA nirmANa karate haiM aura na hI karmoM kA phala hI dete haiN| karma eka prakAra kI zakti hai / AtmA, bhI apane prakAra kI eka zakti hai| karma AtmA karatA hai / jo karma usane kie haiM / ve apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra use phala dete haiN| yahAM kisI bhI nyAyAdhIza kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| hamAre AtmapradezoM meM mithyAtva, avirati pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ina pAMca nimittoM se halacala hotI hai| jisa kSetra meM Atmapradeza haiM, usI kSetra meM karma yogya pudgala jIva ke sAtha baMdha jAte / haiM karma kA yaha mela dUdha aura pAnI jaisA hotA hai| 'karma graMtha' meM karma kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai -kIrai joeNa he uhi, joga to bhaNNae kamma' arthAt kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karma hotA hai| karma do prakAra ke hote haiN| eka bhAva karma aura dUsarA dravya karma / AtmA meM rAga, dveSa Adi jo vibhAva haiM, ve bhAva karma haiN| karma vargaNA ke pudgaloM kA sUkSma vikAra dravya karma kahalAtA hai| bhAva karma kA kartA upAdAna rUpa se jIva hai aura dravya karma se jIva nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| nimitta rUpa se dravya karma kA kartA bhI jIva hI hai| bhAva karma meM dravya karma nimitta hotA hai aura dravya karma meM bhAva karma nimitta hotA hai / isa prakAra dravya karma aura bhAva karma donoM kA paraspara bIja aura aMkura kI bhAMti kArya-kAraNa bhAva sambandha hai| saMsAra meM jitane bhI jIva haiM, AtmasvarUpa kI dRSTi se saba eka samAna haiM phira bhI ve bhinna-bhinna aneka yoniyoM meM, aneka sthitiyoM meM zarIra dhAraNa kie hue haiM / eka amIra hai, dUsarA garIba hai / eka paMDita hai, dUsarA anapar3ha hai| eka sabala hai dUsarA nirbala hai| eka mAM ke udara se janma lene vAle do bAlakoM meM bhI antara dekhA jAtA hai| antara kI isa vicitratA meM koI na koI kAraNa to avazya hI hai| vaha kAraNa hai karma / hameM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha to pratyakSa dikhatA hai, kintu karma nahIM dikhate / jaina darzana meM karma ko pudgala rUpa mAnA hai| isalie vaha sAkAra hai, mUrta hai| karma ke jo kArya haiM ve bhI mUrta haiN| jahAM kAraNa mUrta hotA hai, vahAM usakA kArya bhI mUrta hI hogA / jaise ghar3A hai, vaha miTTI se banatA hai| isase miTTI kAraNa hai aura ghar3A kArya hai| donoM mUrta haiN| jisa prakAra mUrta kAraNa kI bAta kahI gaI hai, amUrta kArya-kAraNa ke lie bhI yahI niyama hai| jahAM kAraNa amUrta hogA, vahAM usakA kArya bhI amUrta hogaa| jJAna kA kAraNa AtmA hai, yahAM jJAna aura AtmA donoM amUrta haiN| Apa pUcha sakate haiM ki jaba amUrta se amUrta kI hI utpatti hotI hai to phira mUrta karmoM se sukha

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karmavAda ke AdhArabhUta siddhAnta ] [67 duHkha Adi amUrta tattvoM kI utpatti kaise hotI hai ? sukha Adi hamArI AtmA ke dharma haiM aura AtmA hI unakA utpAdana kAraNa hai| karma to kevala sukha-duHkha meM nimitta kAraNa rUpa haiN| ataH jo kucha Upara karma ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai vaha ina paMktiyoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ yahAM yaha prazna avazya vicAraNIya hai ki jaba karma to mUrta haiM aura AtmA amartta haiM phira donoM kA mela kaise khAyegA ? amUrta prAtmA para karma kaise prabhAvI ho sakate haiM ? Apane kabhI madirA to dekhI hogii| madirA mUrta hotI hai| jaba manuSya madirA ko pI letA hai to jisa prakAra AtmA ke amUrta jJAna Adi guNoM para usakA prabhAva hotA hai, ThIka usI prakAra mUrta karmoM kA amUrta prAtmA para prabhAva hotA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM yaha karmavAda siddhAnta apanA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| cArvAkoM ko chor3akara samasta dArzanika kisI na kisI rUpa meM karmavAda ko avazya svIkAra karate haiN| bhAratIya darzana, dharma, sAhitya, kalA aura vijJAna Adi saba para karmavAda kA prabhAva spaSTa rUpa se dIkha par3atA hai| jIva anAdi kAla se karmoM ke vazIbhUta hokara aneka bhavoM meM bhramaNa karatA calA A rahA hai| jIvana aura maraNa donoM kI jar3a karma hai| isa saMsAra meM janma aura maraNa hI sabase bar3A duHkha hai| jo jaisA karatA hai, vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai| eka prANI para dUsare prANI ke karmaphala kA prabhAva nahIM hotaa| karma sva sambaddha hotA hai, para sambaddha nhiiN| yadyapi sabhI vicArakoM ne karmavAda ko mAnA hai phira bhI jaina zAstroM meM isakA jitanA vizada vivecana milatA hai, usakI tulanA anyatra durlabha hI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki karmavAda jaina darzana kA eka AtmIya aMga bana gayA hai| karmavAda ke kucha AdhArabhUta siddhAnta hote haiM jinheM hama isa prakAra samajha sakate haiM :1. pratyeka kriyA phalavatI hotI hai / koI bhI kriyA niSphala nahIM hotii| 2. yadi kisI kriyA kA phala isa janma meM nahIM prApta hotA to usake lie bhaviSyakAlIna jIvana anivArya hai| 3. karmoM kA kartA aura unake phaloM kA bhoktA yaha jIva, karmoM ke prabhAva se eka bhava se dUsare bhava meM gamana karatA rahatA hai / apane kisI na kisI bhava ke mAdhyama se hI vaha eka nizcita kAla-maryAdA meM rahatA huA apane pUrva kRta karmoM kA phalabhoga tathA nae karmoM kA bandhana karatA hai| yahAM yaha bAta ullekhanIya hai ki karma bandhana kI isa paramparA ko tor3anA bhI usakI zakti ke antargata hI hai| 4. janmajAta vyakti-bheda aura asamAnatA karmoM ke kAraNa hI hotI hai| AtmA kI ananta zakti para karmoM kA AvaraNa AyA huA hai jisake kAraNa hama apane Apase paricita nahIM ho pA rahe haiN| ina karmoM se hama tabhI mukta ho pAe~ge, jaba hameM apanI zakti kA pUrA paricaya aura bharosA hogaa| *

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karma aura puruSArtha 0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa hama carcA karate haiM svataMtratA aura parataMtratA kii| kauna svataMtra hai aura kauna parataMtra, kauna uttaradAyI hai, ina praznoM kA uttara ekAnta kI bhASA meM nahIM diyA jA sakatA / hama nahIM kaha sakate ki hama pUrNa svataMtra haiN| hama yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate ki hama pUrNa parataMtra haiN| donoM sApekSa haiN| hama svataMtra bhI haiM aura parataMtra bhii| jahA~-jahA~ nirapekSa pratipAdana hotA hai vahA~ samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM hotA, satya upalabdha nahIM hotA, satya ke nAma para asatya upalabdha hotA hai| mahAn vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ne sApekSavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA aura usakA AdhAra mAnA prakAza kI gati ko| unhoMne prakAza kI gati ko sTeNDarDa mAnakara aneka prayoga kie| prakAza kI gati hai eka saikeNDa meM eka lAkha chiyAsI hajAra mIla kI / isa AdhAra para jo nirNaya lie gae ve sAre sApekSa nirNaya haiM, nirapekSa nahIM / prakAza kI gati sApekSa nirNaya hai| prakAza kI gati aura tIvra hotI to sAre nirNaya badala jaate| kAla choTA bhI ho jAtA hai aura bar3A bhI ho jAtA hai / kAla sikur3a jAtA hai sApekSatA se| kAla pIche sarakatA hai aura chalAMga bhI bharatA hai / kAla kA pratikramaNa bhI hotA hai aura atikramaNa bhI hotA hai / yaha sArA sApekSatA ke AdhAra para hotA hai| isalie sAre nirNaya sApekSa hote haiN| jahA~ sApekSatA kI vismRti hotI hai vahA~ tanAva paidA hotA hai| kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma-ye sAre tattva svataMtratA ko sImita karate haiM, parataMtratA ko bar3hAte haiM / AdamI kAla se, svabhAva se, niyati se aura karma se baMdhA huA hai / baMdhana ke kAraNa vaha pUrNa svataMtra nahIM hai / vaha parataMtra hai para pUrA parataMtra bhI nahIM hai / yadi vaha pUrA parataMtra hotA to usakA vyaktitva hI samApta ho jAtA / usakA manuSyatva hI samApta ho jAtA aura cetanA kA astitva hI naSTa ho jaataa| cetanA rahatI hI nhiiN| usakA apanA kUcha rahatA hI nhiiN| vaha kaThaputalI bana jAtA / kaThaputalI pUrNataH parataMtra hotI hai| use jaise nacAyA jAtA hai vaise nAcatI hai / kaThaputalI nacAne vAle ke izAre para calatI hai| usakA apanA koI astitva yA kartRtva nahIM hai, [cetanA nahIM hai / ] jisakI apanI

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kama aura puruSArtha ] [ 66 cetanA nahIM hotI vaha parataMtra ho sakatA hai, para zatapratizata parataMtra to vaha bhI nahIM hotaa| prAraNI cetanAvAn hai| usakI cetanA hai| jahA~ cetanA kA astitva hai vahA~ pUrI parataMtratA kI bAta nahIM paatii| dUsarI bAta hai-kAla, karma Adi jitane bhI tattva haiM ve bhI sImita zakti vAle haiM / duniyA meM asIma zakti saMpanna koI nahIM hai / saba meM zakti hai aura usa zakti kI apanI maryAdA hai| kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karma-ye zakti-saMpanna haiM, para inakI zakti amaryAdita nahIM hai| logoM ne mAna rakhA hai ki karma sarvazakti saMpanna hai / saba kucha usase hI hotA hai / yaha bhrAnti hai / yaha TUTanI caahie| saba kucha karma se nahIM hotaa| yadi saba kucha karma se hI hotA to mokSa hotA hI nhiiN| AdamI kabhI mukta nahIM ho pAtA / cetanA kA astitva hI nahIM hotaa| karma kI apanI eka sImA hai| vaha usI sImA meM apanA phala detA hai, vipAka detA hai / vaha zakti kI maryAdA meM hI kAma karatA hai| vyakti acchA yA burA karma ajita karatA hai / vaha phala detA hai, para kaba detA hai, usa para bhI baMdhana hai / usakI maryAdA hai, sImA hai| mukta bhAva se vaha phala nahIM detA / dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-ye usakI sImAe~ haiN| pratyeka karma kA vipAka hotA hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki darzanAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka hotA hai taba nIMda AtI hai / maiM Apase pUchanA cAhatA hU~, abhI Apako nIMda nahIM A rahI hai / Apa dattacitta hokara pravacana suna rahe haiN| to kyA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA udaya yA vipAka samApta ho gayA ? dina meM nIMda nahIM AtI to kyA dina meM darzanAvaraNIya karma kA udaya samApta ho gayA ? rAta ko sone kA samaya hai| usa samaya nIMda Ane lagatI hai, pahale nahIM aatii| to kyA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA udaya samApta ho gayA ? karma vidyamAna hai, cAlU hai, para vaha vipAka detA hai dravya ke sAtha, kAla aura kSetra ke sAtha / eka kSetra meM nIMda bahuta AtI hai aura dUsare kSetra meM nIMda nahIM aatii| eka kAla meM nIMda bahuta satAtI hai aura dUsare kAla meM nIMda gAyaba ho jAtI hai / kSetra aura kAla-donoM nimitta banate haiM karma ke vipAka meM / becAre nArakIya jIvoM ko nIMda kabhI AtI hI nhiiN| kahA~ se pAegI? ve itanI saghana pIr3A bhogate haiM ki nIMda harAma ho jAtI hai| to kyA yaha mAna leM ki nArakIya jIvoM meM darzanAvaraNIya karma samApta ho gayA ? nahIM, unameM darzanAvaraNIya karma kA astitva hai, para kSetra yA vedanA kA aisA prabhAva hai ki nIMda AtI hI nahIM / pratyeka karma dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva, janma Adi-Adi paristhitiyoM ke sAtha apanA vipAka detA hai / ye sArI karma kI sImAe~ haiN| karma saba kucha nahIM karatA / jaba vyakti jAgarUka hotA hai taba kiyA huA karma bhI TUTatA sA lagatA hai| karma meM kitanA parivartana hotA hai, isako samajhanA caahie| bhagavAn

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100 ] [ karma siddhAnta mahAvIra ne karma kA jo darzana diyA, use sahI nahIM samajhA gyaa| anyathA karmavAda ke viSaya meM itanI galata mAnyatAe~ nahIM hotii| Aja bhAratIya mAnasa meM karmavAda aura bhAgyavAda kI itanI bhrAntapUrNa mAnyatAeM ghara kara gaI haiM ki AdamI una mAnyatAoM ke kAraNa bImArI bhI bhugatatA hai, kaThinAiyA~ bhI bhugatatA hai aura garIbI bhI bhUgatatA hai| garIba AdamI yahI socatA hai ki bhAgya meM aisA hI likhA hai, ataH aise hI jInA hai| bImAra AdamI bhI yahI socatA hai ki bhAgya meM bImArI kA lekha likhA huA hai, ataH rugNAvasthA meM hI jInA hai / vaha hara kArya meM karma kA bahAnA letA hai aura duHkha bhogatA jAtA hai| Aja usakI Adata hI bana gaI hai ki vaha pratyeka kArya meM bahAnA DhUr3hatA hai| eka nyAyAdhIza ke sAmane eka mAmalA aayaa| lar3ane vAle the pati aura patnI/patnI ne zikAyata kI ki mere pati ne merA hAtha tor3a ddaalaa| jaja ne pati se pUchA-"kyA tumane hAtha tor3A hai ?" usane kahA-"hA~ ! maiM zarAba pItA huuN| gussA A gayA aura maiMne patnI kA hAtha tor3a ddaalaa|" jaja ne socA-gharelU mAmalA hai| pati ko samajhAyA, mArapITa na karane kI bAta kahI aura kesa samApta kara diyaa| kucha dina bIte / usI jaja ke samakSa ve donoM pati-patnI punaH upasthita hue / patnI ne zikAyata ke svara meM kahA-"inhoMne merA dUsarA hAtha bhI tor3a DAlA hai|" jaja ne pati se pUchA / usane apanA aparAdha svIkAra karate hue kahA-"jaja mahodaya ! mujhe zarAba pIne kI Adata hai / eka dina maiM zarAba pIkara ghara aayaa| mujhe dekhate hI patnI bolI-zarAbI A gyaa| zarAba kI bhA~ti maiM usa gAlI ko bhI pI gyaa| itane meM hI patnI phira bolI-nyAyAdhIza bhI nirA mUrkha hai, Aja ye kArAvAsa meM hote to merA dUsarA hAtha nahIM ttuutttaa| jaba patnI ne yaha kahA taba maiM apane Ape se bAhara ho gyaa| maiMne svayaM kA apamAna to dhairyapUrvaka saha liyA para nyAyAdhIza kA apamAna nahIM saha sakA aura maiMne isakA dUsarA hAtha bhI tor3a DAlA / yaha maiMne nyAyAdhIza ke sammAna kI rakSA ke lie kiyA / maiM aparAdhI nahIM huuN|" AdamI ko bahAnA cAhie / bahAne ke AdhAra para vaha apanI kamajoriyA~ chipAtA hai / aura isa prakriyA se aneka samasyAe~ khar3I hotI haiN| yadi AdamI sApha hotA, bahAnebAjI se mukta hotA to samasyAe~ itanI nahIM hotii| karma aura bhAgya kA bahAnA bhI bar3A bahAnA bana gayA hai| isake sahAre aneka samasyAe~ ubhara rahI haiM / ina samasyAoM kA pariNAma AdamI ko svayaM bhugatanA par3a rahA hai / vaha pariNAmoM ko bhogatA jA rahA hai| jaba dRSTikoNa,

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karma aura puruSArtha ] [ 101 mAnyatAe~ aura dhAraNAe~ galata hotI haiM taba unake pariNAmoM se ubArane vAlA koI nahIM hotaa| "saba kucha karma hI karatA hai"--yaha atyanta bhrAnta dhAraNA hai / AdamI ne sApekSatA ko vismRta kara diyA / saba kucha karma se nahIM hotaa| __ kAla, svabhAva, niyati, purAkRta [hamArA kiyA huA] aura puruSArthaye pA~ca tattva haiM / inheM samavAya kahA jAtA hai / ye pA~coM sApekSa haiN| yadi kisI eka ko pradhAnatA deMge to samasyAe~ khar3I ho jaaeNgii| kAla prakRti kA eka tattva hai / pratyeka padArtha kA svabhAva apanA-apanA hotA hai| niyati sArvabhauma niyama hai, jAgatika niyama hai| yaha saba para samAna rUpa se lAgU hotA hai / vyakti svayaM kucha karatA hai| manasA, vAcA, karmaNA, jAne-anajAne, sthUla yA sUkSma pravRtti ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sArA kA sArA aMkita hotA hai| jo purAkRta kiyA gayA hai, usakA aMkana aura pratibimba hotA hai| pratyeka kriyA aMkita hotI hai aura usakI pratikriyA bhI hotI hai| kriyA aura pratikriyA kA siddhAnta karma kI kriyA aura pratikriyA kA siddhAnta hai| karo, usakI pratikriyA hogI / gahare kue meM boleMge to usakI pratidhvani avazya hogii| dhvani kI pratidhvani hotI hai / bimba kA pratibimba hotA hai| kriyA kI pratikriyA hotI hai| yaha siddhAnta hai duniyA kA / pratyeka vyakti kI pravRtti kA pariNAma hotA hai aura usakI pravRtti hotI hai / karma apanA kiyA huA hotA hai / karma kA kartA svayaM vyakti hai aura pariNAma usakI kRti hai, yaha pratikriyA ke rUpa meM sAmane AtI hai / isalie ise kahA jAtA hai-purAkRta / isakA artha hai- pahale kiyA huaa| pA~cavA~ tattva hai-puruSArtha / karma aura puruSArtha-do nahIM, eka hI haiM / eka hI tattva ke do nAma haiN| inameM antara itanA sA hai ki vartamAna kA puruSArtha "puruSArtha" kahalAtA hai aura atIta kA puruSArtha "karma" kahalAtA hai| karma puruSArtha ke dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai, kartRtva ke dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai| AdamI puruSArtha karatA hai / puruSArtha karane kA prathama kSaNa puruSArtha kahalAtA hai aura usa kSaNa ke bIta jAne para vahI puruSArtha karma nAma se abhihita hotA hai| . ye pA~ca tattva haiM / pA~coM sApekSa haiN| sarva zaktimAna eka bhI nahIM hai| saba kI zaktiyA~ sImita haiM, sApekSa haiM / isI AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki hama svataMtra bhI haiM aura parataMtra bhI haiM / __dUsarA prazna hai-uttaradAyI kauna ? kAla, svabhAva, niyati aura karmaye saba hameM prabhAvita karate haiM, para cAroM uttaradAyI nahIM haiN| uttaradAyI hai vyakti kA apanA puruSArtha, apanA kartRtva / Adamo kisI bhI vyavahAra yA pAcaraNa ke dAyitva se chUTa nahIM sakatA / yaha bahAnA nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ki "yoga aisA hI thA, karma thA, niyati aura svabhAva thA, isalie aisA ghaTita ho gyaa|" aisA

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102 ] [ karma siddhAnta 1 socanA yA bahAnA karanA galata hogA / apane uttaradAyitva ko hameM svIkAranA hogA / hameM yaha kahanA hogA ki apane AcaraNa aura vyavahAra kA sArA uttaradAyitva hama para hai / " uttaradAyI kauna" kI mImAMsA meM maiMne pahale kahA thA ki bhinna-bhinna kSetra ke vyakti bhinna-bhinna tattvoM ko uttaradAyI batAte haiM / manovaijJAnika, rAsAyanika, zarIrazAstrI aura karmavAdI - apane - apane darzana ke anusAra pRthak-pRthak tattvoM ko uttaradAyI kahate haiM / para ye saba uttara sApekSa haiM / zarIra meM utpanna hone vAle rasAyana hameM prabhAvita karate haiM, nAr3I-saMsthAna hameM prabhAvita karatA hai, vAtAvaraNa aura paristhiti hameM prabhAvita karatI hai / ye saba prabhAvita karane vAle tattva haiM, para uttaradAyitva kisI eka kA nahIM hai / kisakA hogA ? ye saba acetana haiM / kAla acetana hai, padArtha kA svabhAva acetana hai, niyati aura karma zracetana haiN| hamArA granthitaMtra aura nAr3ItaMtra bhI acetana hai / paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa bhI acetana hai / pUrA kA pUrA taMtra pracetana hai, phira uttaradAyitva kauna svIkAregA ? acetana kabhI uttarAdAyI nahIM ho sakatA / usameM uttaradAyitva kA bodha nahIM hotA / vaha dAyitva kA nirvAha bho nahIM karatA / dAyitva kA prazna cetanA se jur3A huA hai / cetanA ke saMdarbha meM hI usa para mImAMsA kI jA sakatI hai / jahA~ jJAna hotA hai vahA~ uttaradAyitva kA prazna AtA hai / jaba saba aMdhe hI aMdhe haiM, vahA~ dAyitva kisakA hogA / aMdhoM ke sAmrAjya meM dAyitva kisakA ? saba pAgala hI pAgala hoM to dAyitva kauna legA ? pAgaloM ke sAmrAjya meM jo pAgala nahIM hotA, use bhI pAgala bana jAnA par3atA hai / yadi vaha pAgala nahIM banatA hai to sukha se jI nahIM sakatA | dAyitva kI bAta kevala cetanA jagat meM AtI hai jahA~ cetanA kA viveka aura bodha hotA hai aura dAyitva nirvAha kI kSamatA hai / hamArA puruSArtha cetanA se jur3A huA hai / puruSArtha cetanA se nikalane vAlI ve razmiyA~ haiM jinake sAtha dAyitva kA bodha aura dAyitva kA nirvAha jur3A huA hai / 1 hamArA puruSArtha uttaradAyI hotA hai / isako hama asvIkAra nahIM kara sakate / hameM atyanta RjutA ke sAtha apane vyavahAra aura AcaraNa kA dAyitva r3ha lenA caahie| usameM koI jhijhaka nahIM honI cAhie / jaba taka hama apane AcaraNa aura vyavahAra ke uttaradAyitva kA anubhava nahIM kareMge taba taka unameM pariSkAra bhI nahIM kareMge / hamAre samakSa do sthitiyA~ haiM-- eka hai apariSkRta AcaraNa aura vyavahAra aura dUsarI hai pariSkRta AcaraNa aura vyavahAra / jaba taka uttaradAyitva kA anubhava nahIM kareMge taba taka prAcaraNa aura vyavahAra apariSkRta hI rahegA, aparimArjita aura pAzavika hI rahegA / vaha kabhI U~cA yA pavitra nahIM banegA / vaha kabhI svArtha kI maryAdA se mukta nahIM banegA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne karmavAda ke kSetra meM jo sUtra die, maiM dArzanika dRSTi

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karma aura puruSArtha ] [ 103 se unheM bahuta mUlyavAn mAnatA hU~ / sAmAnya AdamI itanA hI jAnatA hai ki AdamI karma se baMdhA huA hai / atIta se baMdhA huA hai / mahAvIra ne kahA-"kiyA huyA karma bhugatanA pdd'egaa|" yaha sAmAnya siddhAnta hai| isake kucha apavAda-sUtra bhI haiM / karmavAda ke prasaMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne udIraNA, saMkramaNa, udvartana aura apavartana ke sUtra bhI die / unhoMne kahA-karma ko badalA jA sakatA hai, [karma ko tor3A jA sakatA hai], karma ko pahale bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, karma ko bAda meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadi puruSArtha sakriya ho, jAgRta ho to hama jaisA cAheM vaise karma ko usI rUpa meM badala sakate haiN| saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta karmavAda kI bahuta bar3I vaijJAnika dena hai| maiMne isa para jaise-jaise cintana kiyA, mujhe pratIta huA ki Adhunika "jIva-vijJAna" kI jo naI vaijJAnika dhAraNAe~ aura mAnyatAe~ A rahI haiM, ve isI saMkramaNa siddhAnta kI upajIvI haiN| Aja ke vaijJAnika isa prayatna meM lage hue haiM ki "jIna" ko yadi badalA jA sake to pUrI pIr3hI kA kAyAkalpa ho sakatA hai| yadi aisI koI Teknika prApta ho jAe, koI sUtra hastagata ho jAe, jisase "jIna" meM parivartana lAyA jA sake to akalpita krAnti ghaTita ho sakatI hai / yaha "jIna" vyaktitva-nirmANa kA ghaTaka tattva hai| saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta jIna ko badalane kA siddhAnta hai| saMkramaNa se jIna ko badalA jA sakatA hai| karma paramANuoM ko badalA jA sakatA hai / bar3A Azcarya huA jaba eka dina hamane isa sUtra ko smjhaa| bar3e-bar3e tattvajJa muni bhI isa siddhAnta ko Azcarya se dekhane lge| eka ghaTanA yAda AtI hai| maiM apanI pahalI pustaka "jIva ajIva" likha rahA thaa| usa samaya hamAre saMgha ke AgamajJa muni raMgalAlajI [bAda meM ve saMgha se pRthak ho gae] unake sAmane merI pustaka kA eka aMza pAyA / usameM carcA thI ki pApa ko puNya meM badalA jA sakatA hai aura puNya ko pApa meM badalA jA sakatA hai / muni raMgalAlajI ne kahA-yaha nahIM ho sktaa| isa para punazcintana karanA cAhie / maiMne socA-Agama ke vizeSa adhyetA muni aisA kaha rahe haiM, mujhe punaH socanA caahie| maiMne socA, para mere cintana meM vahI bAta A rahI thii| maiMne saMkramaNa para aura gaharAI se cintana kiyA / para niSkarSa vahI pA rahA thA, jo maiMne likhA thaa| maiMne una muni se kahA-kyA yaha sambhava nahIM hai ki kisI ne pApa karma kA baMdha kiyA, kintu bAda meM vahI vyakti acchA puruSArtha karatA hai to kyA pApa, jo kuphala dene vAlA hai, . vaha puNya ke rUpa meM nahIM badala jAegA? isI prakAra eka vyakti ne puNya karma kA baMdha kiyA, kintu bAda meM itane bure karma kie, burA AcaraNa aura vyavahAra kiyA, to kyA ve puNya ke paramANu pApa ke rUpa meM nahIM badala jAe~ge ? unhoMne kahA-aisA to ho sakatA hai| maiMne kahA-yahI to maiMne likhA hai| yahI to saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta hai| eka kathA ke mAdhyama se yaha bAta aura spaSTatA se samajha meM A jAtI hai

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104 ] [ karma siddhAnta do bhAI the| eka bAra donoM eka jyotiSI ke pAsa ge| bar3e bhAI ne apane bhaviSya ke bAre meM pUchA / jyotiSI ne kahA-"tumheM kucha hI dinoM ke pazcAt sUlI para laTakanA par3egA / tumheM sUlI kI sajA milegii|" choTe bhAI ne bhI apanA bhaviSya jAnanA caahaa| jyotiSI bolA-tuma bhAgyavAn ho| tumheM kucha hI samaya pazcAt rAjya milegA, tuma rAjA bnoge| donoM Azcaryacakita raha ge| kahAM rAjya kA lAbha aura kahA~ sUlI kI sajA ? asambhava-sA thaa| donoM ghara A gae / bar3e bhAI ne socA-jyotiSI ne jo kahA hai, sambhava hai vaha bAta mila jaae| aba mujhe sambhala kara kArya karanA cAhie / vaha jAgarUka aura apramatta bana gyaa| usakA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa sudhara gyaa| use mauta sAmane dIkha rahI thii| jaba mauta sAmane dIkhane lagatI hai taba hara AdamI badala jAtA hai| bar3e-se-bar3A nAstika bhI marate-marate Astika bana jAtA hai / aise nAstika dekhe haiM jo jIvana bhara nAstikatA kI duhAI dete rahe, para jIvana ke aMtima kSaNoM meM pUrNa Astika bana ge| bar3e bhAI kA dRSTikoNa badala gayA, AcaraNa aura vyavahAra badala gayA aura usake vyaktitva kA pUrA rUpAntaraNa ho gyaa| choTe bhAI ne socA-rAjya milane vAlA hai, aba cintA hI kyA hai ? vaha pramAdI bana gyaa| usakA ahaM ubhara gyaa| aba vaha AdamI ko kucha bhI nahIM samajhane lagA / eka-eka kara aneka burAiyA~ usameM A giiN| bhaviSya meM prApta hone vAlI rAjya sattA ke lobha ne use aMdhA banA DAlA / sattA kI madirA kA mAdakapana anUThA hotA hai / usakI smRti mAtra AdamI ko pAgala banA detI hai / vaha sattA ke mada meM madonmatta ho gyaa| vaha itanA burA vyavahAra aura AcaraNa karane lagA ki jisakI kalpanA bhI nahIM kI jA sktii| kucha dina bIte / bar3A bhAI kahIM jA rahA thaa| usake paira meM sUla cubhI aura vaha usake darda ko kucha dinoM taka bhogatA rahA / choTA bhAI eka aTavI se gujara rahA thaa| usakI dRSTi eka sthAna para TikI / usane usa sthAna ko khodA aura vahA~ gar3I moharoM kI thailI nikAla lii| __ cAra mahIne bIta ge| donoM puna: jyotiSI ke pAsa ge| donoM ne kahA-jyotiSIjI ! ApakI donoM bAteM nahIM miliiN| na sUlI kI sajA hI milI aura na rAjya hI milaa| jyotiSI pahu~cA huA thaa| bar3A nimittajJa thA / usane bar3e bhAI kI ora mur3akara kahA-"merI bAta asatya ho nahIM sktii| tumane acchA AcaraNa kiyA anyathA tuma pakar3e jAte aura tumheM sUlI kI sajA miltii| para vaha sUlI kI sajA zUla se Tala gii| batAo, tumhAre paira meM zUla cubhI yA nahIM ?" choTe bhAI se kahA-"tumheM rAjya prApta hone vAlA thaa| para

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karma aura puruSArtha ] [ 105 tuma pramatta bane, burA AcaraNa karane lge| tumhArA rAjya lAbha moharoM meM Tala gyaa|" isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki saMcita puNya bure puruSArtha se pApa meM badala jAte haiM aura saMcita pApa acche puruSArtha se puNya meM badala jAte haiM / yaha saMkramaNa hotA hai, kiyA jAtA hai| munijI ko phira maiMne kahA-yaha jaina darzana kA mAnya siddhAnta hai aura maiMne isI kA "jIva ajIva" pustaka meM vimarza kiyA hai| 'sthAnAMga' sUtra meM caturbhagI milatI haicauvihe kamme paNNatte, taM jahA subhe nAma mege subhavivAge, subhe nAma mege asubhavivAge, asubhe nAma mege subhavivAge, asubhe nAma mege asubhvivaage| (ThANaM 4/603) eka hotA hai zubha, para usakA vipAka hotA hai azubha / dUsare zabdoM meM baMdhA huA hai puNya karma, para usakA vipAka hotA hai pApa / baMdhA huA hai pApa karma, para usakA vipAka hotA hai puNya / kitanI vicitra bAta hai| yaha sArA saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta hai| zeSa do vikalpa sAmAnya haiN| jo azubha rUpa meM baMdhA hai, usakA vipAka azubha hotA hai aura jo zubharUpa meM baMdhA hai, usakA vipAka zubha hotA hai| ina do vikalpoM meM koI vimarzaNIya tattva nahIM hai, kintu dUsarA aura tIsarA-ye donoM vikalpa mahattvapUrNa haiM aura saMkramaNa siddhAnta ke prarUpaka haiN| . saMkramaNa kA siddhAnta puruSArtha kA siddhAnta hai / aisA puruSArtha hotA hai ki azubhazubha meM aura zubha azubha meM badala jAtA hai / isa saMdarbha meM hama puruSArtha kA mUlyAMkana kareM aura soceM ki dAyitva aura kartRtva kisakA hai ? hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ceMge ki sArA dAyitva aura kartRtva hai puruSArtha kA / acchA puruSArtha kara AdamI apane bhAgya ko badala sakatA hai / aneka bAra nimitajJa batAte haiM-bhAI ! tumhArA bhAgya acchA hai, para acchA kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| kyoMki ve apane bhAgya kA ThIka nirmANa nahIM karate, puruSArtha kA ThIka upayoga nahIM karate / puruSArtha kA ucita upayoga na kara sakane ke kAraNa kucha bhI nahIM huA aura becArA jyotiSI jhUThA ho gyaa| usakI bhaviSyavANI asatya ho gii| jyotiSI ne kisI ko kahA ki tumhArA bhaviSya kharAba hai| usa vyakti

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106 ] [ karma siddhAnta ne usI dina se acchA puruSArtha karanA prArambha kara diyA aura usakA bhaviSya acchA ho gayA / bolA - " maiM tumhArI janma kuMDalI sukarAta ke sAmane eka vyakti Akara dekhanA cAhatA hU~ / " sukarAta bolA- " are ! janmA taba jo janma kuMDalI banI thI, use maiM galata kara cukA huuN| maiM use badala cukA hU~ / aba tuma use kyA dekhoge ?" puruSArtha ke dvArA vyakti apanI janma-kuMDalI ko bhI badala detA hai / grahoM ke phala- pariNAmoM ko bhI badala detA hai, bhAgya ko badala detA hai / isa dRSTi se manuSya kA hI kartRtva hai, uttaradAyitva hai / dUsare zabdoM meM puruSArtha kA hI kartRtva hai aura uttaradAyitva hai / mahAvIra ne puruSArtha ke siddhAnta para bala diyA, para ekAMgI dRSTikoNa kI sthApanA nahIM kI / unhoMne sabhI tattvoM ke samaveta kartRtva ko svIkAra kiyA, para uttaradAyitva kisI eka tattva kA nahIM mAnA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya kI ghaTanA hai / zakaDAla niyativAdI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra usake ghara tthhre| usane kahA - " bhagavan ! saba kucha niyati hotA hai / niyati hI parama tattva hai / " bhagavAn mahAvIra bole- "zakaDAla ! tuma ghar3e banAte ho / bahuta bar3A vyavasAya hai tumhArA / tuma kalpanA karo, tumhAre Ave se abhI-abhI pakakara pA~ca sau ghar3e bAhara nikAle gae haiM / ve par3e haiM / eka AdamI lAThI lekara AtA hai aura sabhI ghar3oM ko phor3a detA hai / isa sthiti meM tuma kyA karoge ?" zakaDAla bolA- "maiM usa AdamI ko pakar3a kara mArU~gA, pIhU~gA / " mahAvIra bole- "kyoM / " zakaDAla ne kahA - "usane mere ghar3e phor3e haiM, isalie vaha aparAdhI hai / " mahAvIra bole- " bar3e prAzcarya kI bAta hai / saba kucha niyati karavAtI hai / vaha AdamI niyati se baMdhA huA thA / niyati ne hI ghar3e phur3avAe haiM / usa AdamI kA isameM doSa hI kyA hai ?" yaha carcA Age bar3hatI hai aura anta meM zakaDAla apane niyati ke siddhAnta ko Age nahIM khIMca pAtA, vaha niruttara ho jAtA hai / puruSArtha kA apanA dAyitva hai / koI bhI AdamI yaha kahakara nahIM baca sakatA ki merI aisI hI niyati thI / hameM sacAI kA yathArthatA kA anubhava karanA hogA / isa carcA kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki apramAda bar3he aura pramAda ghaTe, jAgarUkatA bar3he aura mUrchA ghaTe / puruSArtha kA upayoga sahI dizA meM bar3he aura galata dizA meM jAne vAlA puruSArtha TUTe / hama apane uttaradAyitva kA anubhava kreN|

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14 karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya sUkSma pudgala paramANunoM kA banA huA sUkSma / adRzya zarIra vastuta: kArmANa zarIra kahalAtA hai / yaha kArmANa zarIra AtmA meM vyApta rahatA hai / AtmA kA jo svabhAva ( ananta jJAna- darzana, ananta Ananda-zakti Adi) hai, usa svabhAva ko jaba yaha sUkSma zarIra vikRta / AcchAdita karatA hai taba yaha AtmA sAMsArika / baddha ho jAtA hai arthAt rAga-dveSAdika kASAyika bhAvanAoM ke prabhAva meM A jAtA hai arthAt karmabandhana meM ba~dha jAtA hai jisake phalasvarUpa yaha jIvAtmA anAdikAla se eka bhava / yoni se dUsare bhava / yoni meM arthAt anantabhavoM / ananta yoniyoM meM isa saMsAra cakra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai / karma jaise mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta kA sUkSma tathA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa jitanA jaina darzana karatA hai utanA vijJAna sammata anya darzana nahIM / jaina darzana ke samasta siddhAnta / mAnyatAe~ vAstavikatA se anuprANita, prakRti anurUpa tathA pUrvAgraha se sarvathA mukta haiM / phalasvarUpa jaina dharma eka vyAvahArika tathA jIvanopayogI dharma hai / zrI rAjIva pracaMDiyA 'karmabandhana' kI praNAlI ko samajhane ke lie jainadarzana meM nimna pA~ca mahattvapUrNa bAtoM kA ullekha nirUpita hai, yathA Jain Educationa International (1) Asrava, (2) bandha, (3) saMvara, (4) nirjarA, tathA (5) mokSa | manuSya jaba koI kArya karatA hai, to usake Asa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM kSobha utpanna hotA hai jisake kAraNa usake cAroM ora upasthita karma-zakti yukta sUkSma pudgala paramANu/kArmANa vargaNA / karma AtmA kI ora AkarSita hote haiM / inakA AtmA kI ora AkarSita honA Asrava tathA AtmA ke sAtha kSetrAvagAha / eka hI sthAna meM rahane vAlA sambandha bandha kahalAtA hai / ina paramANutroM ko AtmA kI ora AkRSTa na hone dene kI prakriyA vastutaH saMvara hai / 'nirjarA' For Personal and Private Use Only

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108 ] [ karma siddhAnta AtmA se ina sUkSma pudgala paramANuoM ke chUTane kA vidhi-vidhAna hai tathA AtmA kA sarvaprakAra ke karma-paramANuoM se mukta honA mokSa kahalAtA hai| vAstava meM karmoM ke Ane kA dvAra Asrava hai jisake mAdhyama se karma Ate haiN| saMvara ke mAdhyama se yaha dvAra banda hotA hai arthAta navIna karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai tathA jo karma Asrava-dvAra dvArA pUrva hI baddha/saMcita kie jA cuke haiM, unheM nirjarA arthAt tapa/sAdhanA dvArA hI dUra/kSaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra saMvare aura nirjarA mukti ke kAraNa haiM, tathA Asrava aura bandha saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke hetu haiM / ina uparyukta pA~ca bAtoM ko jaina darzana meM tattva kahA gayA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki tattva ko jAne/samajhe binA karma-rahasya ko samajha pAnA nitAnta asambhava hai / mokSa mArga meM tattva apanA bahuta mahattva rakhate haiN| 'tasyabhAvastattvam' arthAt vastu ke sacce svarUpa ko jAnanA tattva kahalAtA hai arthAt jo vastu jaisI hai, usa vastu ke prati vahI bhAva rakhanA, tattva hai, kintu vastU svarUpa ke viparIta jAnanA/mAnanA mithyAtva/ulTI mAnyatA/ yathArtha jJAna kA abhAva hai| yaha mithyAtva kASAyika bhAvanAoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) tathA avirati (hiMsA, jhUTha, pramAda) Adi manovikAroM ko janma detA hai, jisase karmoM kA Asrava-bandha hotA hai / uparokta tattvoM ko sahIsahI rUpa meM jAna lene/samyagdarzana ke pazcAt para-sva bheda buddhi ko smjhkr| samyagjJAna ke tadanantara ina tattvoM ke prati zraddhAna tathA bheda-vijJAna pUrvaka inheM sva meM laya karane/samyag cAritra se karmoM kA saMvara nirjarA hotA/hotI hai| nirjarA ho jAne para tathA samasta karmoM se mukti milane para hI jIva saMsAra ke AvAgamana se chUTa jAtA hai| nirvANa pada prApta kara letA hai| jainadarzana meM kArmAraNa vargaNA/karma-zakti yukta paramANu/karma, ko mUlataH do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| eka to ve karma jo AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA ghAta karate haiM, ghAti karma kahalAte haiM jinake antargata jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karma Ate haiM tathA dUsare ve karma jinake dvArA AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ke AghAta kI apekSA jIva kI vibhinna yoniyA~, avasthAe~ tathA paristhitiyA~ nirdhArita huA karatI haiM, aghAti karma kahalAte haiM, inameM nAma, gotra, Ayu aura vedanIya karma samAviSTa haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma : kArmANa vargaNA/karma paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jisase AtmA kA jJAna guNa pracchanna rahatA hai, jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAtA hai| isa karma ke prabhAva meM AtmA ke andara vyApta jJAna-zakti zIrNa hotI jAtI hai| phalasvarUpa jIva rUr3hi-kriyA kANDoM meM hI apanA sampUrNa jIvana naSTa karatA hai / isa karma ke kSaya .. ke lie satata svAdhyAya karanA jainAgama meM batAyA gayA hai|

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karma, karmabandha maura karmakSaya ] [ 106 darzanAvaraNIya karma : karma-zakti yukta paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jisake dvArA AtmA kA ananta darzana svarUpa aprakaTa rahatA hai, darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAtA hai| isa karma ke kAraNa prAtmA apane sacce svarUpa ko pahicAnane meM sarvathA asamartha rahatA hai| phalasvarUpa vaha mithyAtva kA prAzraya letA hai| mohanIya karma : isa karma ke antargata ve kArmaNa vargaNAeM AtI haiM jinake dvArA jIva meM moha utpanna hotA hai / yaha karma AtmA ke zAnti-sukha-Ananda svabhAva ko vikRta karatA hai / moha ke vazIbhUta jIva sva-para kA bheda-vijJAna bhUla jAtA hai| samAja meM vyApta saMgharSa isI ke kAraNa haiM / antarAya karma : AtmA meM vyApta jJAna-darzana-Ananda ke atirikta anya sAmarthya zakti ko prakaTa karane meM jo karma paramAraNu bAdhA utpanna karate haiM, ve sabhI antarAya karma ke antargata Ate haiM / isa karma ke kAraNa hI AtmA meM vyApta ananta zakti kA hrAsa hone lagatA hai| prAtma-vizvAsa kI bhAvanAe~, saMkalpa zakti tathA sAhasa-vIratA Adi mAnavIya guNa prAyaH lupta ho jAte haiM / nAma karma: isa karma ke dvArA jIva eka yoni se dUsarI yoni meM janma letA hai tathA usake zarIrAdi kA nirmANa bhI inhIM karma-vargaNAoM ke dvArA humA karatA hai| gotra karma: ____ karma paramANuoM kA vaha samUha jinake dvArA yaha nirdhArita hotA hai ki jIva kisa gotra, kuTumba, vaMza, kula-jAti tathA deza Adi meM janma le, gotra karma kahalAtA hai / ye karma-paramANu jIva meM apane janma kI sthiti ke pratimAnasvAbhimAna tathA U~ca-nIca-hIna-bhAva Adi kA bodha karAte haiN| Ayu karma : isa karma ke mAdhyama se jIva kI Ayu nizcita huA karatI hai / svagamanuSya-tiryaJca-naraka gati meM kaunasI gati jova ko prApta ho, yaha isI karma para nirbhara karatA hai| vedanIya karma : isa karma ke dvArA jIva ko sukha-duHkha kI vedanA kA anubhava huA karatA hai|

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110 ] [ karma siddhAnta ina aSTa karmoM kI eka sau ar3atAlIsa uttara-prakRtiyA~ jainAgama meM ullikhita haiM jinameM jJAnAvaraNIya kI pAMca, darzanAvaraNIya kI nau, vedanIya kI do, mohanIya kI aTThAIsa, Ayu kI cAra, nAma kI terAnave, gotra kI do tathA antarAya kI pA~ca uttara prakRtiyA~ haiN| uparokta karma-paramANuoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA samyaka jJAna hone ke uparAnta yaha sahaja meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki dhAti-aghAti karma AtmA ke svabhAva ko AcchAdita kara jIva meM jJAna, darzana va sAmarthya zakti ko zIrNa karate haiM tathA ye karma jIva para bhinna-bhinna prakAra se apanA prabhAva DAlate haiM jisake phalasvarUpa saMsArI jIva sukha-duHkha ke ghere meM ghire rahate haiN| ina aSTa karmoM ke atirikta 'nokarma' kA bhI ullekha Agama meM milatA hai / karma ke udaya se hone vAlA vaha audArika zarIrAdi rUpa pudgala pariNAma jo AtmA ke sukha-duHkha meM sahAyaka hotA hai, vastutaH 'nokarma' kahalAtA hai| ye 'nokarma' bhI jIva para anya karmoM kI bhA~ti apanA prabhAva DAlA karate haiN| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki 'sakammUNA vipyariyA sUveI' arthAta pratyeka prANI apane hI kRta karmoM se kaSTa pAtA hai| AtmA svayaM apane dvArA hI karmoM kI udIrNA karatA hai, svayaM apane dvArA hI unako garhA-pAlocanA karatA hai aura apane karmoM ke dvArA karmoM kA saMvara-Asrava kA nirodha bhI karatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki jaisA vyakti karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai / aisA kadApi nahIM hotA ki karma koI kare aura usakA phala koI anya bhoge| isa darzana ke anusAra 'appo vi ya paramappo, kamma vimukko yahoi puDaM' arthAt pratyeka AtmA kRta karmoM kA nAza karake paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| yaha eka aisA darzana hai jo prAtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra pradAna karatA hai tathA paramAtmA banane kA mArga bhI prastuta karatA hai kintu yahA~ paramAtmA ke punaH bhavAtaraNa kI mAnyatA nahIM hai / vAstava meM saba AtmAe~ samAna tathA apane Apa meM svatantra aura mahattvapUrNa haiN| ve kisI akhaMDa sattA kA aMza rUpa nahIM haiN| kisI kArya kA kartA yahA~ parakIya zakti ko nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ataH jainadarzana karmaphala dene vAlA koI anya vizeSa cetana vyakti athavA Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA / phalasvarUpa prANI apane-apane karmAnusAra svayaM karttA aura usakA bhoktA hai| jaina darzana meM karmabandha ke pA~ca mukhya hetu-mithyAtva asaMyama, pramAda, kaSAya tathA yoga (kAya-mana-vacana kI kriyA)-ullikhita haiN| inameM lipta rahakara jIva karma jAla meM burI taraha se jakar3A rahatA hai| inase muktyirtha jIva ko apane bhAvoM ko sadaiva zuddha rakhane ke lie kahA gayA hai kyoMki koI bhI kArya

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karma, karmabandha aura karmakSaya ] [ 111 karate samaya yadi jIva kI bhAvanA zuddha tathA rAga-dveSa, krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobhakaSAyoM se nirlipta, vItarAgI hai, to usa samaya zArIrika kArya karate hue bhI kisI bhI prakAra kA karmabandha jIva meM nahIM hotaa| mUlataH jIva ke manovikAra hI karmabandha kI sthiti ko sthira kriyA karate haiN| kArya karate samaya jisa prakAra kA bhAva jIva ke mana meM utpanna hotA hai, usI bhAva ke tadrUpa hI jIva meM karmabandha sthira huA karatA hai / prAyaH yaha dekhA/sunA jAtA hai ki vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA eka hI prakAra ke kArya karane para bhI unameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA karmabandha hotA hai / isakA mUla kAraNa hai ki eka hI prakAra ke kArya karate samaya ina vyaktiyoM ke bhAva sarvathA bhinna prakAra ke hote haiM; phalasvarUpa inameM bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA karmabandha hotA hai| jaina darzana meM 'karmabandha' ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai, yathA (1) prakRti bandha, (2) sthiti bandha, (3) anubhava/anubhAga bandha, (4) pradeza bandha / prakRti bandha : jo bandha karmoM kI prakRti/svabhAva sthira kiyA karatA hai, prakRti bandha kahalAtA hai| sthiti bandha: ___ yaha bandha karma-phala kI avadhi/kAla ko nizcita karatA hai| anubhAga bandha: __ karmaphala kI tIna yA manda zakti kI nizcitatA anubhAga bandha kahalAtI hai| pradeza bandha : karmabandha ke samaya prAtmA ke sAtha kArmANa vargaNA/karma kA sambandha jitanI saMkhyA yA zakti ke sAtha hotA hai, pradeza bandha kahalAtA hai / ina cAra prakAra ke karmabandhoM meM prakRti aura pradeza bandha yoga ke nimitta se tathA kaSAya-mithyAtva-avirati-pramAda ke nimitta se sthiti aura anubhAga bandha huA karate haiM / jaina darzana ke anusAra moha aura yoga ke nimitta se hone vAle AtmA ke guNoM kA tAratamya guNasthAna/jIvasthAna kahalAtA hai / arthAt jIva ke prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kA krama guNasthAna/jIvasthAna hai| ye guNasthAna/ jIvasthAna mithyA dRSTi Adi ke bheda se caudaha hote haiM jinameM prArambha ke bAraha

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112 ] [ karma siddhAnta sthAnamoha se sambandhita haiM tathA antima do guNasthAna yoga se / ina guNasthAnoM meM karmabandha kI sthiti kA varNana karate hue jainAcAryoM ne batAyA ki prathama daza guraNasthAna taka cAroM prakAra ke bandha upasthita rahate haiM kintu gyArahaveM guNasthAna se lekara terahaveM guNasthAna taka mAtra prakRti aura pradeza bandha hI zeSa rahate haiM tathA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM ye donoM bhI samApta ho jAte haiM / tadanantara cAroM prakAra ke bandha se mukta hokara yaha jIvAtmA siddha / paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / yaha nizcita hai ki AtmA karma aura nokarma jo paudgalika haiM, se sarvathA bhinna hai / isa para paudgalika vastunoM kA koI prabhAva nahIM par3A karatA, yaha anubhUti bheda-vijJAna kahalAtI hai, jo jIva ko tapa / sAdhanA kI ora prerita karatI hai | Agama meM tapa kI paribhASA meM kahA gayA hai ki 'paraM karmakSayArtha yattapyate tattapaH smRtam' arthAt karmoM kA kSaya karane ke lie jo tapA jAya vaha tapa hai / jaina darzana meM tapa ke mukhyatayA do bheda kie gae haiM - bAhya tapa aura Abhyantara tapa / bAhya tapa ke antargata anazana / upavAsa, avamaudarya / unodara, rasaparityAga, bhikSAcarI / vRttiparisaMkhyAna, parisaMlInatA/viviktazayyAsana aura kAyAkleza tathA Abhyantara tapa meM - vinaya, vaiyAvRtya / sevA suzrUSA, prAyazcita, svAdhyAya, dhyAna aura kAyotsarga / vyutsarga nAmaka tapa zrAte haiM / Abhyantara tapa kI apekSA bAhya tapa vyavahAra meM pratyakSa parilakSita haiM kintu karma kSaya aura zrAtmazuddhi ke lie to donoM hI prakAra ke tapa kA vizeSa mahattva hai / vAstava meM tapa ke mAdhyama se hI jIva apane karmoM kA pariNamana kara nirjarA kara sakatA hai / isake dvArA karma-zrAsrava samApta ho jAtA hai aura antataH sarvaprakAra ke kamajAla se jIva sarvathA mukta ho jAtA hai / karma mukti arthAt mokSa prAptyartha jainadarzana kA lakSya rahA hai- vItarAga-vijJAnitA kI prApti / yaha vItarAgatA samyak darzana - jJAna- cAritrarUpI ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA se upalabdha hotI hai / vastutaH zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra se karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai / jaba jIva samyakdarzana -jJAna- cAritra se yukta hotA hai taba Asrava se rahita hotA hai jisake kAraNa sarvaprathama navIna karma kaTate / cha~Tate haiM, phira pUrvabaddha / saMcita karma kSaya / dUra hone lagate haiM / kAlAntara meM mohanIya karma sampUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAte haiM / tadanantara antarAya, jJAnAvaraNIya aura darzanAvaraNIya ye tIna karma bhI eka sAtha sampUrNa rUpa se naSTa ho jAte haiM / isake uparAnta zeSa bace cAra aghAti karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM / isa prakAra samasta karmoM kA kSaya / dUra kara jIva nirvANa / mokSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai / jaisA ki Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki 'kRtsna karma kSayo mokSaH / ' uparyaMkita kathya se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karma-mala se dUra haTane ke lie jIvana meM ratnatraya kI samanvita sAdhanA nitAnta upayogI evaM sArthaka hai /

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15 | karma evaM lezyA 0 zrI cAMdamala karNAvaTa saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI kA lakSya bandhanoM se mukta honA aura duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAnA hai / kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha abhISTa nahIM hotA, sabhI prANI sukha cAhate haiM, aisA sukha jo kabhI duHkha rUpa meM pariNata na ho| isa sthiti ko dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa yA mukti kahA gayA hai| ___ jaina-darzana meM tattvArtha sUtra ke racayitA AcArya umAsvAti ne mokSa kI paribhASA dI hai-'kRtsna karmakSayo mokSaH' arthAt samasta karmoM kA naSTa ho jAnA hI mokSa hai / ina karmoM ke kSaya se hI zAzvata sukha kI sthiti prApta hotI hai| aba yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki yaha karma kyA hai jo AtmA ko bandhanoM meM jakar3a detA hai ? usake kSaya se kisa prakAra AtmA siddha, buddha aura mukta banatI hai tathA isa karma kA aura lezyA kA kyA sambandha hai ? karma kyA hai ? jaina-darzana meM karma kA artha kriyA karanA nahIM hai| yaha eka pAribhASika zabda hai jisakA artha hai rAga-dveSAdi pariNAmoM se ekatrita kArmaNa vargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmA ke sAtha baMdha jAnA / AtmA karma karate hue zubha aura azubha pudgaloM kA baMdha karatI hai aura usake phalasvarUpa usake zubhAzubha phaloM ko bhogate hue saMsAra meM cakkara lagAtI rahatI hai athavA janma-maraNa karatI rahatI hai / vaha mukta dazA ko prApta nahIM hotii| karma ke eka apekSA se do bheda kiye gae haiM-(1) dravya karma evaM bhAva karma / dravya karma pudgala rUpa haiN| bhAva karma ina pudgaloM ko ekatra karane meM kAraNabhUta zubhAzubha vicAra haiM / dravya karma, bhAva karma ke liye evaM bhAva karma dravya karma ke liye kAraNabhUta hai / donoM hI paraspara eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM / jaina-darzana kI eka ukti bahuta prasiddha hai--'kaDANa kammANa Na mokkha atthi' arthAt karmoM kA phala bhoge binA unase chuTakArA nahIM milatA / nikAcita karmoM kI apekSA yaha ukti sahI hai kyoMki nikAcita karma kA vipAka yA phala AtmA ko bhoganA hI hotA hai / parantu nidhatta prakAra ke karmoM meM puruSArtha ke dvArA

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114 ] [ karma siddhAnta AtmA parivartana lA sakatI hai| aura kevala pradezodaya dvArA ye karma kSaya ho sakate haiN| 'jaina-darzana : svarUpa aura vizleSaNa' meM zrI devendra muni kA kathana kitanA sArthaka hai / unhoMne likhA hai- 'saMsAra ko ghaTAne-bar3hAne kA AdhAra pUrvakRta karma kI apekSA vartamAna adhyavasAyoM para vizeSa AdhArita hai|' yahIM karma ke sAtha lezyAoM kA sambandha jur3a jAtA hai| isI prakAra bhAvakarma ke rUpa meM lezyAeM karma-bandha meM AdhArabhUta bhUmikA nibhAtI haiN| lezyA kyA hai ? jinake dvArA AtmA karmoM se lipta hotI hai, jo yogoM kI pravRtti se utpanna hotI hai tathA mana ke zubhAzubha bhAvoM ko lezyA kahA gayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM yoga aura kaSAya ke nimitta se hone vAle AtmA ke zubhAzubha pariNAma ko lezyA kahA gayA hai, jisase AtmA karmoM se lipta ho| apara zabdoM meM lezyA eka aisI zakti hai jo Ane vAle karmoM ko AtmA ke sAtha cipakA detI hai| yaha zakti kaSAya aura yoga se utpanna hotI hai| ina paribhASAoM kA sAra yahI hai ki lezyA hamAre zubhAzubha pariNAma yA bhAva haiM jinameM kaSAya aura yoga ke kAraNa hI snigdhatA utpanna hotI hai jo hamAre cAroM ora phaile hue karma pudgaloM ko AtmA ke cipakA detI hai| jaina-darzana meM isIliye kahA bhI gayA hai'pariNAme bandha' arthAt zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha AtmA ke pariNAmoM para nirbhara hai / lezyA AtmA ke aise zubha-azubha pariNAma hai jo karmabandha kA kAraNa banate haiM / 'pannavaNAsUtra' ke 17veM pada meM lezyAoM kA varNana karate hue zAstrakAra ne karmabandha meM unako sahakArI kAraNa batalAyA hai| aura isa dRSTi se hamArI AtmA ke zubhAzubha vicAroM meM tIvratA aura mandatA athavA Asakti aura anAsakti hone para karmabandha bhI usI prakAra kA bhArI yA halkA hotA hai / lezyA aura karma kA sambandha : karma aura lezyA kI paribhASA jAnane ke pazcAt yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki lezyA aura karma meM kAraNa aura kArya kA sambandha hai| lezyAe~ yA AtmA ke vibhinna pariNAma snigdha aura rukSa dazA meM tadtad rUpa meM karmabandha kA kAraNa banate haiN| yadi koI kArya karate hae hamArI usameM Asakti huyI to karmabandha jaTila hogA aura anAsakta bhAva se kArya karate hue AtmA ke sAtha karmoM kA bandha manda, mandatara aura mandatama hogaa| karmabandha ke bhinna-bhinna vivakSAtroM se alaga-alaga kAraNa batalAe haiN| parantu mukhyataH rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ hI karma kA bIja mAnI gayI haiN| kahA bhI

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karma evaM lezyA ] [ 115 gayA hai - 'rAgoyadoso viyakammaviyam' ye rAga aura dveSa kI vRttiyA~ yoga kA hI rUpa haiM / aura kaSAyoM ko samanvita kiye hue haiM / zyAoM ke prakAra aura karmabandha : lezyAe~ cha: haiM - kRSNa lezyA, nIla lezyA, kApota lezyA, tejolezyA, padma lezyA evaM zukla lezyA / inameM prathama tIna azubha aura antima tIna zubha mAnI gayI haiM / (1) kRSNa lezyA - kAjala ke samAna vAle varNa ke isa lezyA ke pudgaloM kA sambandha hone para zrAtmA meM aise pariNAma utpanna hote haiM jinase AtmA mithyAtva Adi pA~ca prasravoM meM pravRtti karatI, tIna gupti se 'agupta rahatI, cha: kAya kI hiMsA karatI hai / vaha kSudra tathA kaThora svabhAvI hokara guNadoSa kA vicAra kiye binA krUra karma karatI rahatI hai / (2) nIla lezyA - nIle raMga ke isa lezyA ke pudgaloM kA sambandha hone para AtmA meM aisA pariNAma utpanna hotA hai ki jisase IrSyA, mAyA, kapaTa, nirlajjatA, lobha, dva eSa tathA krodha Adi ke bhAva jaga jAte haiM / aisI AtmA tapa aura samyagjJAna se zUnya hotI hai / (3) kApota lezyA - kabUtara ke samavarNI pudgaloM ke saMyoga se AtmA meM bolane, vicArane va kArya karane meM vakratA utpanna hotI hai / nAstika banakara AtmA anArya pravRtti karate hue apane doSoM ko DhaMkatI hai, dUsaroM kI unnati nahIM saha sakatI / corI Adi ke karma karatI hai | ukta tInoM lezyAe~ azubha hone se AtmA kI durgati kA kAraNa banatI haiM / aise jIva naraka aura tiryaMca gati meM jAte haiM yadi jIvana ke antima kAla meM unake pariNAma itane azubha hoM / (4) tejo lezyA - isa lezyA ke sambandha se AtmA meM aise pariNAma utpanna hote haiM ki AtmA abhimAna kA tyAga kara mana, vacana aura karma se namra bana jAtI hai / gurujanoM kA vinaya karatI, indriyoM para vijaya pAtI huI pApoM se bhayabhIta hotI hai aura tapa-saMyama meM lagI rahatI hai / (5) padma lezyA - isa lezyA meM sthita AtmA krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko manda kara detI hai / mitabhASI, saumya aura jitendriya banakara azubha pravRttiyoM ko roka detI hai / (6) zukla lezyA - isa lezyA ke prabhAva svarUpa AtmA Artta, raudra,

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116 ] [ karma siddhAnta dhyAna tyAga kara dharmadhyAna aura zukla dhyAna kA abhyAsa karatI hai / alparAga yA vItarAga hokara prazAnta citta vAlI hotI hai / ukta antima tIna lezyAe~ zubha, zubhatara, zubhatama aura zuddha hone se AtmA kI sugati kA kAraNa banatI haiM / ina pariNAmoM meM ramaNa karate hue zrAtmA utthAna karatI hai / uparyukta pariNAmoM meM vicarane vAlA AtmA tadanurUpa karmoM kA bandha karatA aura unheM bhogatA hai | zyAoM ke do prakAra haiM- dravya lezyA aura bhAva lezyA / padArthoM ke zubhAzubha varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza aura zabda Adi se AtmA meM zubhAzubha vicAra utpanna hote haiM / zubha zabda, varNa, rUpa Adi ko dekhakara sunakara aura gandha, sparza ko anubhava karake AtmA meM rAga dazA utpanna hotI hai / yaha varNAdi zrAtmA ko anukUla lagate haiM aura AtmA unameM prAsakta banakara karmoM meM bandha jAtI hai / isake viparIta azubha varNa, gandha zrAdi vAle padArthoM ko dekhakara aura anubhava karake unake prati ghRNA utpanna hotI hai, dveSa bhAva jAgrata hotA hai jisase AtmA azubha karmoM se jakar3a jAtI hai / isa prakAra ye bhAva lezyAe~ arthAt zrAtmA ke zubhAzubha pariNAma karma-bandha ke mUla kAraNa banate haiM / lezyAoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaraNa : muni nathamalajI ne apanI pustaka 'samAdhi kI khoja' prathama bhAga ke pR. 157 meM lezyA va karma sambandhI jo vivecana kiyA hai vaha lezyA aura karma-bandha kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa hai / unhoMne likhA hai, "jaba lezyA badalatI hai taba parivartana ghaTita hotA hai / jaba mana meM tejo lezyA aura padma lezyA ke bhAva Ate haiM taba tejasa zarIra se srAva hotA hai aura vaha hamArI granthiyoM meM AtA hai / vaha sIdhA rakta ke sAtha mila jAtA hai aura apanA prabhAva DAlatA hai / ina antaHsrAvI granthiyoM ke rasa hamAre samUce svabhAva ko prabhAvita karate haiM / vyakti kA cir3acir3A honA yA prasanna honA, krodhI honA yA zAnta honA, ISyAlu yA udAra honA ina granthiyoM ke vibhinna srAvoM para nirbhara hai / isa prakAra eka jaivika evaM rAsAyanika vizleSaNa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hamAre zubhAzubha pariNAmoM se kisa prakAra rAsAyanika kriyAe~ ghaTita hotI haiM aura kisa prakAra ve hamAre saMvegoM ko prabhAvita karatI haiM / karma kI vibhinna avasthAeM evaM lezyAnoM ke prabhAva : 'ThANAMga' sUtra meM eka catubhaMgI hai - ( 1 ) eka karma zubha aura usakA vipAka bhI zubha, (2) karma zubha kintu vipAka azubha, (3) karma azubha parantu vipAka zubha, (4) karma azubha aura vipAka bhI azubha / isa caturbhaMgI ko dekhakara

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karma evaM lezyA ] [ 117 karma siddhAnta kI mAnyatA vAle Azcarya kareMge ki karma zubha hote hue vipAka azubha kaise ? aura karma azubha hote hue vipAka zubha kaise ? / yahA~ karma kI vibhinna avasthAoM kI jAnakArI karA denA Avazyaka hai jo lezyAoM ke phalasvarUpa utpanna hotI haiN| karma kI mukhya avasthAe~ gyAraha haiM-(1) bandha, (2) sattA, (3) udvartana yA utkarSa, (4) apavartana yA apakarSa, (5) saMkramaNa, (6) udaya, (7) udIraNA, (8) upazamana, (6) nidhatti, (10) nikAcita va (11) abAdhAkAla / inameM udvartana, apavartana evaM saMkramaNa kI mahattvapUrNa avasthAe~ lezyAoM kA hI pariNAma haiN| jisa pariNAma vizeSa se jIva karma prakRti ko bA~dhatA hai unakI tIvratA ke kAraNa vaha pUrva baddha sajAtIya prakRti ke dalikoM ko vartamAna meM ba~dhane vAlI prakRti ke dalikoM meM saMkrAnta kara detA hai / badhyamAna karma meM karmAntara kA praveza isI saMkramaNa kA kAraNa hai jo karma ke bandha aura udaya meM antara upasthita kara detA hai, use badala detA hai| udvartana yA utkarSa : AtmA ke sAtha prAbaddha karma kI sthiti aura anubhAga yA rasa AtmA ke tatkAlIna pariNAmoM ke anurUpa hotA hai| parantu isake pazcAt kI sthiti vizeSa athavA bhAva vizeSa ke kAraNa pUrva baddha karma sthiti aura karma kI tIvratA meM vRddhi ho jAnA udvartana hai / lezyA yA prAtmA ke pariNAma se pUrvabaddha sthiti aura rasa adhika tIvra banA diyA jAtA hai| apavartana yA apakarSa : pUrvabaddha karma kI sthiti evaM anubhAga ko kAlAntara meM navIna karmabandha karate samaya nyUna kara denA apavartana hai| yaha AtmA ke navIna badhyamAna karmoM ke samaya ke pariNAmoM meM zuddhatA Ane se ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra karma azubha hote hue vipAka zubha ho jAtA hai / aura karma zubha hote hue vipAka azubha ho jAtA hai / yaha AtmA kA puruSArtha hI hai aura usakI prabala zuddha vicAradhArA hai jisase AzcaryakArI parivartana ghaTita hote haiN| hamArA lakSya alezI bananA : jaba taka lezyAe~ haiM taba taka pariNAmoM kI vividhatA rahegI, ataH sAdhaka kA lakSya hotA hai ki vaha alezI bana ske| yaha sthiti sAdhanA aura vairAgya bhAva se utpanna ho sakatI hai| lezyAoM kA pariNamana zubhatara lezyAoM meM karane ke liye svAdhyAya aura dhyAna Avazyaka aMga haiM / samabhAva meM ramaNa karanA, anAsakta bhAvoM se jIvana vyavahAra karanA tathA ina para niyantraNa kA abhyAsa karate rahanA bhavyAtmAoM ke liye alezI banane kA mArga prazasta kara sakatA hai aura karma-bandha kI paramparA ko sadA-sadA ke liye khatma kara sakatA hai| aura yahI zAzvata sukha kA rAjamArga hai||

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karma-vipAka - zrI lAlacandra jaina karmoM ke zubhAzubha phala ko sAmAnyataH vipAka kahA jAtA hai| mithyAtva Adi ke sevana se prANI jo kucha kArya karatA hai, use karma kahate haiN| ve karma jaba udaya meM Ate haiM, taba prANI ko jo sukha-duHkha Adi bhogane par3ate haiM, use karma vipAka kahA jAtA hai| zubha karma kA vipAka zubha aura azubha karma kA vipAka azubha hotA hai| karmoM ko bA~dhane meM jIva svataMtra hai| vaha apanI icchAnusAra zubha yA azubha karmoM kA baMdha kara sakatA hai| jIva kI binA icchA ke koI karma kabhI apane Apa nahIM baMdhatA / jaba bhI jIva rAga-dveSa kI Asakti se koI kArya karatA hai, taba usa Asakti ke tAratamya ke anusAra naye karma baMdhate haiN| ve hI karma jaba udaya meM Ate haiM, taba jIva ko una karmoM ke phala ko bhoganA hI par3atA hai| usase vaha kisI prakAra chUTa nahIM sktaa| isIliye kahA gayA hai ki jIva karmoM ko bAdhane meM svataMtra hai, para unake phala ko bhogane meM parataMtra hai| baMdhe hue karma yadi nikAcita hoM to karor3oM sAgaropama samaya ke vyatIta ho jAne para bhI vaha karma naSTa nahIM hotA / saMsAra kI sabhI vastueM nAzavAna haiM, para mAtra karma kI jar3a hI aisI hai jo kabhI sar3atI-galatI nhiiN| ugra tapa-saMyama ke bala se hI isa jar3a ko ukhAr3A jA sakatA hai| hiMsA, asatya, acaurya,. abrahmacarya, parigraha Adi pratyeka pApa karma ke vipAka kA zAstroM meM varNana hai| pAgalapana, kor3ha, alpAyuSya Adi hiMsA ke bhayAnaka vipAka haiN| yadi isa vipAka se bacanA ho to binA prayojana trasasthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacanA cAhiye / khaMdhaka muni ke jIva ne apane pUrva bhava meM sthAvara jIva kI virAdhanA meM itanA rasa liyA ki khaMdhaka muni ke bhava meM unake jIvita zarIra kI camar3I utArI gaI / ve to AtmadhyAna kI uccatama bhUmi para pahu~ce hue the, ataH unhoMne udaya meM Aye hue karmaphala ko samabhAva se bhoga liyA aura mokSa pada ko prApta kara liyaa| kintu udayakAla meM samatAbhAva ko rakhanA AsAna nahIM hai / jinako yaha spaSTa jJAna ho gayA hai ki AtmA zarIra se bhinna hai, ve hI aise kaThina samaya meM samabhAva ko kAyama rakha sakate haiN|

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karma-vipAka ] [ 119 pApa karma kitanA bhI mAmUlI kyoM na ho para usameM rasa kI tIvratA se usakA vipAka kitanA dAruNa hotA hai, yaha khaMdhaka muni ke udAharaNa se jJAta hotA hai| pApa karma to karanA hI nahIM cAhiye para yadi pramAdavaza vaisA AcaraNa ho bhI jAya to usameM rasAsakti kataI nahIM honI cAhiye / gUgApana, mukharoga, samajha meM na Ane vAlI bhASA bolanA prAdi asatya bhASaNa ke vipAka haiN| vasurAjA asatya bhASaNa ke pApa se naraka meM gaye / bAtabAta meM jhUTha bolane vAle, jhUThI gavAhI dene vAle, jhUThe dastAveja banAne vAle, jhUThI bahiyeM likhane vAle naraka nigoda ke duHkha ko prApta karate haiN| asatya bhASaNa mahAn pApa kA kAraNa hai, isase jIva sukRta ke phala ko bhI hAra jAtA hai| ___ durbhAgya, daridratA, gulAmI Adi caurya karma ke phala haiM / corI karane vAle isa janma meM to lAThI, ghUse Adi khAte hI haiM, rAjya daMDa svarUpa jela bhI bhugatate hI haiM, kintu parabhava meM naraka Adi kI ghora vedanA ko prApta karate haiM / vyApAra meM anIti kA AcaraNa, smagaliMga dvArA eka deza se dUsare deza meM mAla lAnA-le jAnA, aise mAla kA kraya-vikraya, acchI vastu meM buro vastu kI milAvaTa karanA, atyadhika bhAva batAnA, mApa-taula meM kama denA, jyAdA lenA Adi sabhI prakAra ke kArya corI haiN| nIti aura nyAya dvArA kiyA gayA vikraya hI vyApAra hai, anya saba to dina-dahAr3e lUTanA hai| bahuta se loga yaha dalIla karate haiM ki nyAya-nIti se caleMge to peTa hI nahIM bharegA, parantu unakI yaha dalIla thothI hai| nIti se peTa to avazya bhara jAtA hai, hA~ peTI nahIM bharI jA sktii| pApa kA mUla peTa nahIM hai, lobha hI pApa kA mUla hai| peTa kI bhUkha se dhana kI bhUkha bahuta bhayaMkara hai| lAkhoM, karor3oM kI sampatti ho jAne para bhI dhana kI bhUkha nahIM mitttii| zAstroM meM icchA ko AkAza ke samAna ananta kahA hai| icchAoM kA anta ho jAya to duHkha kA bhI anta ho sakatA hai| santoSa se icchAoM kA nirodha ho sakatA hai| lobha pApa kA mUla hai to santoSa dharma kA phala hai| napusakatA, durbhAgya, tiryaMca gati (pazu-pakSI yoni) Adi abrahmacarya ke . phala haiN| asaMtoSa, avizvAsa, mahAraMbha Adi mUrUipI parigraha ke kaTu phala haiN| parigraha parimANa se anekoM pApa ruka jAte haiM aura jIvana meM anupama zAMti kA anubhava hotA hai| sva patnI saMtoSa aura parigraha-parimANa ye donoM nItiyukta jIvana kI AdhArazilA haiN| inake pAlana ke binA jaba manuSya naitika jIvana bhI nahIM jI sakatA taba dharma siddhi kI to bAta karanA hI vyartha hai| jaise kupathya kA sevana karane vAle para auSadhi kA koI prabhAva nahIM hotA usI taraha adhika

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120 ] [ karma siddhAnta tRSNAgrasta vyakti ke sabhI tapa, japa, dhyAna, sAmAyika, pratikramaNa Adi vyartha ho jAte haiN| eka bAra Acarita sAmAnya pApa karma kA kama se kama phala dasa guraNA ho jAtA hai aura yadi use tIvra rasa ke sAtha Acarita kiyA gayA ho to usakA vipAka karor3a guNA ho jAtA hai| anaMtAnubandhI kaSAya ke tIvra udaya meM kabhIkabhI aMtarmuhUrta ke samaya meM bhI aisA kaThina karma baMdha ho jAtA hai ki jIva ko usake phala ko aneka janmoM taka bhoganA par3atA hai| kaI bAra vyakti kI kSaNa mAtra kI bhUla ananta saMsAra ko bar3hA detI hai| ataH karma bAMdhate samaya vyakti ko atyadhika sAvadhAna rahanA caahiye| apane kuTumbiyoM ke lie athavA anya kisI ke liye kiye gae karmoM kA phala udaya meM Ane para mAtra kartA ko hI bhoganA par3atA hai| karmoM ke kaThina vipAka bhogane ke samaya jIva akelA ho jAtA hai| usa samaya kuTumbiyoM meM se koI bhI na to usa vipatti se rakSA karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai aura na hI duHkha meM hissA hI ba~TA sakatA hai| ha~sate-ha~sate bA~dhe gaye karmoM ko udaya meM Ane para rote-rote bhoganA par3atA hai| kabhI-kabhI to nikAcita baMdhe hue ye karma kisI bhI prakAra se nahIM chUTate / tripRSTa vAsudeva ke bhava meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIva ne zayana kakSa ke dvArapAla ke kAnoM meM tapA huA zIzA DalavAyA thA, usI jIva ne apane 25veM nandana RSi ke janma meM 80 hajAra se adhika mAsakSamaNa ke tapa kiye phira bhI tripRSTha ke janma meM kiye gaye karma kI sattA raha hI gaI aura mahAvIra ke bhava meM gvAle dvArA unake kAnoM meM kIleM ThokI giiN| isa janma meM yA anya kisI bhI janma meM kiye gaye karma phala kaba udaya meM AyeMge, yaha hama nahIM jAna sakate, anantajJAnI hI ise jAna sakate haiN| para yaha to nizcita hI hai ki apanA abAdhAkAla pUrA hone para ba~dhe hue karma avazya hI udaya meM Ate haiM aura jIva ko unheM bhoganA hI par3atA hai| itanA to prAyaH sabhI jAnate haiM ki kucha ati ugra puNya-pApa ke phala jIva ko vartamAna janma meM bhI bhogane par3ate haiN| hamAre pUrva mahApuruSoM ne azubha ke udayakAla meM jisa dhairya aura samabhAva ko kAyama rakhA, vaha vAstava meM vicAraNIya hai| hama to sAmAnya udayakAla meM bhI himmata hAra jAte haiM / yadi hameM yaha bAta samajha meM A jAya ki hamAre svayaM ke dvArA bAMdhe gaye karma jaba udaya meM Ate haiM taba unheM svayaM hameM hI bhoganA par3atA hai, to kaise bhI zubha yA azubha karma ke udayakAla meM samabhAva banA raha sakatA hai| samabhAva pUrvaka bhoge gaye karma vipAka ke dvArA azubha karma ke udayakAla meM bhI jIva mahAn nirjarA ko siddha kara sakatA hai| azubha ke udaya kAla meM yadi samabhAva banA raha sake to zubha ke udaya se bhI adhika nirjarA

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karma vipAka ] [ 121 prApta ho sakatI hai / jo vyakti zubha karma ke udaya ke samaya namratA aura azubha karma ke udaya ke samaya samabhAva ko banAye rakha sake, usakA ber3A pAra hai / sampUrNa karmagraMtha kA sAra bhI yahI hai ki kaise bhI azubha karma ke udayakAla meM anya kisI para doSAropaNa na karate hue udaya meM Aye hue karma vipAka ko samatA bhAva se bhoga lenA / karma sattA kA nyAya saba ke lie samAna hai / yadi jIva karma bAMdhane ke samaya sAvadhAna ho jAya to karmasattA kA koI niyama usako prabhAvita nahIM kara sakatA / udayakAla meM hAya-hAya karane se to duguNI sajA bhoganI par3atI hai / kyoMki udaya meM Aye hue karma vipAka ke sAtha ArttadhyAna kA sammilana ho jAne se aneka naye karma baMdha jAte haiM / ajJAnI ke karma kSaya kA kyA mUlya hai ? vAstavika nirjarA to jJAnI hI kara sakatA hai / karma ke vipAka ko samabhAva pUrvaka bhoga lene se jJAnI ko sakAma nirjarA hotI hai, jabaki ajJAnI ko akAma nirjarA hotI hai / akAma nirjarA meM baMdha adhika aura nirjarA kama hotI hai, jabaki sakAma nirjarA meM nirjarA ( karmakSaya) adhika hotI hai / jJAnI samyakadRSTi AtmA aneka janmoM ke saMcita karmoM ko samyak jJAna rUpI agni meM jalAkara bhasma kara detA hai / isIliye jJAnI ko naye karma nahIM baMdha, yadi baMdhate haiM to bhI bahuta hI alpa mAtrA meM baMdhate haiM / isa prakAra jJAnI apanI zrRMkhalA se dhIre-dhIre mukta hotA jAtA hai aura eka samaya aisA AtA hai jaba vaha apane sampUrNa karmoM se mukta hokara siddha buddha ho jAtA hai / jIva jo karma vipAka bhogatA hai, vaha una una karmoM ke udaya meM Ane para bhogatA hai / pratyeka karma apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra phala- vipAka dete haiM / jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udayakAla meM jIva kA jJAna guNa Avarita ho jAtA hai, jisase vaha kucha bhI likha par3ha nahIM sakatA / isI prakAra darzanAvaraNIya karma kA udaya jIva ke darzana guNa ( dekhane kI zakti) ko Dha~ka detA hai / vedanIya karma sukhaduHkha kA anubhava karatA hai / isake udaya meM sukha ke sAdhana vidyamAna hone para bhI jIva sukha kA anubhava nahIM kara sakatA / koI bhI karma anya karma ke svabhAvAnusAra vipAka na dekara svayaM apane svabhAva ke anusAra hI karma phala detA hai / sAmAnyataH karmaphala ko bhogane meM mukhya hetu usa karma kA udaya kAla hI hotA hai, para dravya, kSetra Adi bAhya sAmagrI bhI usake bhoga ko prabhAvita karatI hai / jaise kisI ko gAlI dene se azubha bhASA ke pudgala kaSAya ke udaya kA kAraNa banate haiM aura ayogya AhAra zArIrika azAnti ke udaya kA kAraNa banatA hai / jIva svayaM ajJAna se karma baMdha karatA hai, ataH unake acche yA bure phala ko bhI use svayaM hI bhoganA par3atA hai / bAhya sAmagrI bhI usameM kAraNabhUta

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122 ] [ karma siddhAnta banatI hai| zubha ke udayakAla meM svataH hI zubha saMyoga prApta ho jAte haiM aura azubha ke udayakAla meM azubha saMyoga khar3e ho jAte haiN| isa sambandha meM yadi jJAna dRSTi se gahana vicAra kiyA jAya to harSa aura zoka apane Apa lupta ho jAte haiN| udayakAla ko samabhAva se bhogane meM hI jIva kA vIratva hai| bA~dhane meM bahAdurI dikhAnA aura bhogane meM kamajorI dikhAnA hI jIva kI kAyaratA hai / udayakAla meM hI vIratva kI AvazyakatA hai, baMdhakAla meM to mAtra itanI sAvadhAnI kI AvazyakatA hai ki naye karma na baMdha jaayeN| duHkhaM prApya na dInaH syAt, sukhaM prApya ca vismitaH / muniH karmavipAkasya, jAnan paravazaM jagat / / sampUrNa jagat karma vipAka ke adhIna hai, yaha jAnakara muni duHkha meM na dIna banate haiM aura na sukha meM vismita hote haiM / sukha-duHkha meM samabhAva pUrvaka rahanA hI saccI jIvana sAdhanA hai / sukha meM unmatta honA aura duHkha meM nirAza honA hI ajJAna hai| svayaM dvArA kiye gaye karma ke phala ko bhogane ke samaya dInatA kyoM ? jJAnI. to yahI socatA hai ki karma bAMdhate samaya jaba maiMne vicAra nahIM kiyA, taba usake phala ko bhogane ke samaya dInatA kyoM dikhAU~ ? aise jJAnI karma vipAka ke adhIna nahIM rahate, kintu aise jJAnI birale hI hote haiM, isIliye sAre jagat ko karma vipAka ke adhIna kahA gayA hai / jJAnI to zubha ke udaya meM bhI vismita nahIM hotaa| vaha to jAnatA hai ki tattva dRSTi se zubha aura azubha donoM AtmA ko DhaMkane vAle haiM / sUrya kAle bAdaloM meM chipe yA sapheda bAdaloM meM, usake prakAza kI mandatA ke tAratamya meM avazya antara AtA hai, para Akhira vaha bAdaloM ke pIche chipatA to hai hii| isI prakAra zubha aura azubha donoM AtmA ke guNoM ko DhaMkane vAle hone se antataH tyAjya hI haiN| sAdhaka dazA meM bhale hI zubha AdaraNIya rahe, para mokSa to donoM ke kSaya se hI hogaa| isIliye jJAnI zubha yA azubha kisI bhI karma vipAka ke adhIna nahIM rhte| ve to mAtra tattvaciMtana kA puruSArtha karate haiM aura aise jJAnI nizcaya hI paramArtha ko siddha karate haiN| karma vipAka kitanA bhI zakti sampanna kyoM na ho, yadi jIva apane puruSArtha ko jAgrata kare to vaha avazya karma kSaya kara sakatA hai| karma balavAna hai to kyA huA ? Akhira to vaha jar3a pudgala hone se aMdhA hI hai, jabaki jIva cetanA yukta hone se dRSTi vAlA hai| aMdhe se dRSTivAlA kaise hAra sakatA hai ? yadi jIva sacce mArga se puruSArtha kare to vaha avazya karma sattA para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| jIva vAstava meM apane svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA isIliye karma

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karma-vipAka ] [ 123 sattA usa para apanA varcasva jamA letI hai aura jIva aisA samajhane lagatA hai mAno usane apanA varcasva kho diyA ho| upazama aura kSapaka zreNI : prAruDhAH prazamazreNiM, zrutakevalino'pi ca / bhrAmyante'anantasaMsAramaho! duSTena karmaNA // gyArahaveM guNasthAna upazama zreNI para car3he hue zrutakevalI jaise mahApuruSa ko bhI yaha duSTa karmasattA anantakAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karavAtI hai| pramAdavaza caudaha pUrvadhArI mahApuruSa bhI anaMtakAla taka bhava bhramaNa karate haiN| isase spaSTa samajhA jA sakatA hai ki karma kA vipAka bar3e se bar3e vyakti ko bhI bhoganA par3atA hai / 'karma ko zarma nahIM yaha kahAvata yahAM caritArtha hotI hai|| zreNI do prakAra kI hai, kSapaka zreNI aura upazama zreNI / AtmA kI unnati ke kramaza: car3hate hue sopAnoM ko darzana kI bhASA meM caudaha guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| AtmA ke adhyavasAyoM kI uttarottara hone vAlI vizuddhi ko zreNI kahA jAtA hai| pAThaveM gaNasthAna se jIva zreNI para car3hanA prArambha karatA hai| upazama zreNI para car3hane vAlI AtmA mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyoM ko upazAnta karatI jAtI hai, jabaki kSapaka zreNI para car3hane vAlI AtmA unakA kSaya karatI jAtI hai / AtmA ke vizuddha adhyavasAya hI use zreNI para car3hAte haiM / jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA se AtmA meM aise zubha adhyavasAya utpanna hote haiM / upazama zreNI kI apekSA kSapaka zreNI adhika vizuddha hotI hai| kSapaka zreNI para car3hI huI AtmA AThaveM gaNasthAna se nauMveM aura nauveM se dazaveM sUkSmasaMparAya guNasthAna para AtI hai| dasaveM se vaha lobha ke aMzoM ko kSaya kara sIdhe bArahaveM guNasthAna para calI jAtI hai| kSapaka zreNI vAlA gyArahaveM guNasthAna para nahIM jAtA / upazama zreNI vAlA hI gyArahaveM guNasthAna para jAtA hai / bArahaveM guNasthAna ko kSINamoha guNasthAna kahate haiN| yahAM pahuMcakara AtmA itanI vikasita ho jAtI hai ki vaha mohanIya karma ko sadA ke lie samUla naSTa kara detI hai| mohanIya karma kA kSaya hote hI jJAnAvaraNIya Adi anya ghAtI karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiM aura terahaveM guNasthAna para pahu~cakara kevalajJAna prakaTa ho jAtA hai| upazama zreNI para car3hane vAlI prAtmA bArahaveM guNasthAna para nahIM jAtI, vaha 11veM upazAMtamoha guNasthAna para hI jAtI hai| isa guNasthAna para mohanIya karma kA udaya to thor3A bhI nahIM rahatA, para vaha sattA meM avazya rahatA hai| isa guNasthAna para car3hane vAle nizcaya hI eka bAra phira nIce girate haiM / isa guNasthAna ko prApta muni kI yadi AyuSya pUrNa hone se mRtyu ho jAya to vaha sarvArtha siddha

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124 ] [ karma siddhAnta Adi pA~ca anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hotA hai| kintu isa guNasthAna ke antamuhUrta kA kAla samApta hone para yadi usakI mRtyu ho to vaha mithyAtva guNasthAna taka bhI gira sakatA hai| isa guNasthAna ko prApta karane vAle kaI caramazarIrI bhI hote haiN| aise jIva 11veM guNasthAna se girakara 7veM para Ate haiM aura phira kSapaka zreNI prArambha karate haiN| jinhoMne mAtra eka bAra hI upazama zreNI kI ho, ve hI jIva dUsarI bAra kSapaka zreNI kara sakate haiN| kSapaka zreNI para car3hane vAlI AtmA kA sAmarthya adbhuta hotA hai| usa kI dhyAnAgni atyanta jAjvalyamAna hotI hai, jisameM karmarUpI kASTha jalakara bhasma ho jAte haiM / prAcArya umAsvAti ne 'prazamarati' zAstra meM kahA hai kSapakazreNimuparigataH, sa samarthasarvakarmiNAM karma / kSapayitumeko yadi karmasaMkramaH, syAt parakRtasya / kSapaka zreNI para ArUDha AtmA kI dhyAnAgni itanI prakhara hotI hai ki yadi dUsare jIvoM ke karmoM kA usameM saMkramaNa ho sakatA ho to vaha akelA saba jIvoM ke karmoM ke kSaya karane meM samartha ho sakatA hai| kintu karma kA to niyama hI aisA hai ki jo bAMdhatA hai| vahI use bhogatA hai| yadi aisA na ho to karma siddhAnta meM saba gar3abar3a ghoTAlA ho jAya aura dravya kI svataMtratA hI lupta ho jAya / ataH yaha nizcita hI hai ki kartA hI bhoktA hotA hai| kSapaka zreNI meM kaSAya mohanIya Adi karma prakRtiyoM kA kSaya hotA hai, ataH isa para ArUr3ha AtmA kA kabhI patana nahIM hotA, jabaki upazama zreNI meM to ina karma prakRtiyoM kA upazama hotA hai (daba jAtI haiM), isIliye 11veM guNasthAna se jIva nizcaya hI nIce giratA hai / isa guNasthAna para karma prakRtiyA~ daba jAtI haiM, para sattA meM to rahatI hI haiM, ataH unakA udaya hone para jIva nIce giratA hai / isase karmasattA ke sAmarthya kA patA lagatA hai| apane svarUpa meM atyanta jAgRta AtmA hI karmasattA se Takkara le sakatI hai| rAkha se dabI huI agni kabhI na kabhI to nimitta pAkara bhar3aka hI uThatI hai, isI prakAra dabe hue karma bhI aise bhar3akate haiM ki car3hatI huI AtmA ko bhI girA dete haiN| viSa bela kI jar3a yadi gaharI jAyegI to usase kyA lAbha hogA ? isI prakAra doSoM kI jar3a yadi gaharI jAyegI to usase AtmA ko hAni hI hogii| jaise A~kha meM girA huA eka choTA sA reta kA kaNa jaba taka nahIM nikalatA taba taka cubhatA rahatA hai, vaise hI hamAre doSa hameM pratipala cubhate rahanA cAhiye / bAhya zatruoM se hone vAlI hAni se to hama sadA sAvadhAna rahate haiM, kintu hamAre Antarika zatru kaSAyoM se isase bhI adhika sAvadhAna rahane kI AvazyakatA hai| bAhya zatra to adhika se adhika eka janma hI bigAr3eMge kintu kaSAya rUpI aMtaraMga zatru to janma

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karma vipAka ] [ 125 janmAntaroM ko bigAr3a dete haiM / upazama zreNI para prArUr3ha jIva ko bhI ye duSTa karma ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM bhaTakAte haiM / karma vipAka kA sIdhA sAdA artha yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jo paga-paga para viSamatA dikhAI detI hai, vaha saba karma dvArA hI utpanna kI gaI hai / eka uttama kula meM to dUsarA adhama kula meM utpanna hotA hai; eka jJAnI, dUsarA ajJAnI; eka dIrgha AyuSya vAlA, dUsarA alpa prayuvAlA; eka balavAna, dUsarA nirbala; eka aizvaryavAna, dUsarA nirdhana; eka rogo, dUsarA nirogI; ina sabhI karmajanya viSamatAoM para vicAra karane para jJAnI vyakti ko saMsAra se vairAgya utpanna hue binA nahIM raha sakatA / karma vipAka ke phalasvarUpa daMDa prApta karane para aisA socanA ki hama se karma hamAre pApa kA badalA le rahA hai, galata dhAraNA hai / hama apane pApa karma dvArA hI daMDa prApta karate haiM / isI prakAra puNya karma kA upabhoga karate samaya aisI socanA ki hamAre acche kAryoM ke badale meM karmasattA hameM sukha de rahI hai, bhI galata hai / acche kArya svayaM hI hameM sukhAnubhAva karAte haiM / daMDa yA puraskAra athavA sukha yA duHkha hamArI vRtti ke ho pariNAma haiM / hamArI vRtti yA cAritra hamArI icchAoM kA hI ekatrita svarUpa hai / icchA hI karbha kI preraka sattA hai aura icchA yA vAsanA dvArA hI hama apane bhAvI jIvana ko nizcita karate haiM / ataH hamArI icchA ke viruddha hamArA bhaviSya nirmita nahIM ho sakatA / aneka sukha-duHkhoM ko bhogane ke bAda hI AtmA meM vAsanA ke duHkhada pariNAma ko samajhane kI nirmala viveka dRSTi jAgRta hotI hai / phira vaha ucca jIvana kI ora AkarSita hotI hai / apane hRdaya ke UrdhvagAmI vega meM vaha apanI gati milA detI hai / AtmA kI svAbhAvika gati agnizikhA kI bhAMti UrdhvagAmini hai, ataH yaha saba samajhane ke bAda vaha apanI svAbhAvika gati ko ucita dizA meM mukta kara detI hai / AtmA kI icchA ke binA koI bhI sattA use tilamAtra bhI idharaudhara nahIM kara sakatI / jIva apanI icchA se hI nayA janma pAtA hai / isa naye janma ke saMyoga, parivAra, sage-sambandhI bhI usakI icchAnusAra hI milate haiM / usakI atRpta vAsanA jahAM vaise saMyoga juTA sake, vaise sthAna meM hI vaha janma letI hai / yaha satya hai ki ina icchAoM yA vAsanAoM ko AtmA samajhapUrvaka nahIM banAtI, ve saba usake antaHkaraNa meM avyakta rUpa se hotI haiM / jinameM bahuta utkRSTa kalA meM vikasita AtmabhAna hotA hai, vaisI AtmAe~ apanA punarbhava dRDhasaMkalpa se nizcaya karatI haiM, kyoMki unheM yaha bhAna hotA hai ki

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126 ] [ karma siddhAnta unakI icchAe~ kisa dizA meM gati kara rahI haiN| jina-jina icchAoM ke dvArA hameM saMsAra meM AnA par3atA hai, ve sabhI azubha nahIM hotiiN| kitanI hI icchAe~ to aisI uttama aura bhavya hotI haiM ki unakA viSaya prApta ho jAne ke bAda jIvAtmA apanA svarUpa Izvaratva meM pariNita karane meM samartha bana jAtI hai| yaha saba karmarAja dvArA racita nATaka hai, jisameM caurAsI prakAra ke raMgamaMDapa haiM aura yaha jIvAtmA vividha prakAra ke pAtroM ke rUpa dhAraNa kara isameM khela khela rahA hai / karmarAja ke isa nATaka kA sampUrNa varNana karane meM hama asamartha haiN| sadguru ke samAgama se karma ke svarUpa aura karma vipAka ko samajha kara jo jIvAtmA karma nirjarA ke liye prabala puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha anta meM isa saMsAra sAgara ko pAra kara siddha, buddha aura mukta ho jAtA hai / karama ko aMga karamAM kI ber3I baNI, sabahI jaga ke mAMya / rAmadAsa jhAr3I sajar3a, moha ki jhATa lagAya // 1 // rAmA rAma na jAniyo, rahyA karama meM phaMsa / / karama kuTI meM jaga jalyA, kAla gayA saba DaMsa // 2 // karama kUpa meM jaga paDyA, DUbA saba saMsAra / rAmadAsa se nIsar2yA, sataguru sabada vicAra / / 3 / / rAmA kAyA kheta meM, karasA eko manna / pApa puna meM baMdha rahyA, bharayA karama sUtanna / / 4 / / karama jAla meM rAmadAsa, baMdhyA saba hI jIva / AsapAsa meM paca mubA, bisara gayA nija pIva // 5 / / karama lapeTyA jIva kU, bhAvai jyU samajhAya / rAmadAsa AMkara bina, kArI lagai na kAya // 6 // -svAmI rAmadAsa

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antarmana kI graMthiyA~ kholeM ! 17 sUrya svayaM prakAzamAna hotA hai, use apane prakAza ke liye kisI dUsare kI apekSA nahIM hotI / phira jisa Atmatattva ko sUrya se bhI adhika tejasvI mAnA gayA hai, Akhira usI kI cetanA itanI caMcala aura asthira kyoM bana jAtI hai ? nija svarUpa ko vismRta kara dene ke kAraNa hI cetanA zakti saMjJAhInatA se durbala ho jAtI hai / usakA kitanA amita sAmarthya hai-usa ko bhI vaha bhUla jAtI hai / vaha kyoM bhUla jAtI hai ? kAraNa, vaha apane mUla se ukhar3a kara apanI sImAoM aura maryAdAnoM se bAhara bhaTaka jAtI hai aura una tatvoM ke vazIbhUta ho jAtI hai, jina tattvoM para use zAsana karanA cAhiye / yaha paratantratA AtmavismRti se adhikAdhika jaTila hotI calI jAtI hai / jitanI adhika parataMtratA, utanI hI adhika graMthiyA~ mana ko jakar3atI rahatI haiN| jitanI adhika graMthiyA~, utanA hI mana baMdhanagrasta hotA calA jAtA hai / isalie dRSTi kA vikAsa karanA hai aura cetanA ko sulajhAnA hai to antarmana kI sArI graMthiyA~ khola lIjiye / Jain Educationa International prAcArya zrI nAneza viSamatA kI pratIka svarUpa vibhinna graMthiyA~ mAnava-mana meM majabUtI se baMdha jAtI haiM aura vicAroM ke sahaja pravAha ko jakar3a letI haiM / jaba taka ina graMthiyoM ko khola na sakeM, taba taka Antarika viSamatA samApta nahIM hotI aura Antarika viSamatA rahegI to bAhya viSamatA ke nAnAvidha rUpa phUlatephalate raheMge evaM du:kha-dvandvoM kI jvAlA jalatI rahegI / vyakti-vyakti kI ina Antarika graMthiyoM ko khole binA cAhe hajAra-hajAra prayatna kiye jAyaM yA Andolana calAe jAeM, bAhara kI rAjanaitika, Arthika athavA anya samasyAeM santoSajanaka rIti se sulajhAI nahIM jA skeNgii| mana sulajha jAya to phira vANI aura karma ke sulabha jAne meM adhika vilamba nahIM lagegA / *zrI zAnticandra mehatA dvArA sampAdita pravacana | For Personal and Private Use Only

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128 ] [ karma siddhAnta ___ adhikAMza avasaroM para yahI viDambanA sAmane AI hai ki Antarika ulajhanoM ke kAraNoM ko samajhe binA bAhara kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna khojane meM viphalatA kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| itihAsa sAkSI hai ki isa dizA meM kaise-kaise prayatnoM ke sAtha kyA-kyA pariNAma sAmane Aye haiM ? satya to yaha hai ki ye prayatna samatA kI apekSA viSamatA ke mArga para hI adhika cale aura asaphala hote rahe / inhIM ulajhanoM ke kAraNa mAnava jAti ke bIca azAnti kI jvAlA bhI dhU-dhU karake jalatI rahI hai / AdhyAtmikatA ke anuzAsana ke binA bhautika vijJAna ke vikAsa ne bhI Aja ke mAnava ko Atma-vismRta banA diyA hai| isa bhAvanA zUnya bhautika vikAsa ne mAnava mana meM udaMDa mahattvAkAMkSAoM ko janma diyA hai tathA prAtmA kI AntarikatA para prAvaraNoM kI adhika parateM car3hA dI haiN| isa kAraNa manuSya apanI antarAtmA ke svarUpa se bAhara hI bAhara bhaTakate rahane ko vivaza ho gayA hai| viSamatA sabhI sImAeM tor3a rahI hai yaha sthiti samatA darzana ke lie prabala preraka mAnI jAnI caahie| basa, mUla kI bhUla ko pakar3a leM: Adi yuga meM pradhAnatayA isa cetanA ke do pariNAma prAtma-paryAyoM kI dRSTi se sAmane Aye haiM / eka pazu jagata kA to dUsarA manuSya jagata kA / paza jagat aba bhI usI pAzavika dazA meM hai jabaki mAnava jagat ne kaI dizAoM meM unnati kI hai| AkAza ke grahoM-upagrahoM ko chU lene ke usake prayAsa usakI cetanA zakti ke vikAsa ke pratiphala ke rUpa meM dekhe jA sakate haiM kintu vastutaH usakI aisI cetanA zakti evaM usakI vikAsa-gati para-tattvoM ke sahAre cala rahI hai-svAzrayI yA svatantra nahIM hai / cetanA zakti ke isa prakAra ke vikAsa ne apanI hI sArvabhauma sattA ko jar3a tattva ke adhIna giravI rakha dI hai| adhikAMza mAnava mastiSka jar3a tattvoM kI adhInatA meM unakI eka chatra sattA meM apane Apako Aropita karake cala rahe haiN| yahI tathya hai jisase samasyAeM dina-pratidina jaTilatara banatI jA rahI haiN| yadyapi alaga-alaga sthaloM para samatA bhAva ke sadRza samAjavAda, sAmyavAda Adi vicAra sAmane Aye haiM jo adhikatama janatA ke adhikatama sukha ko prerita karane kI bAta kahate haiM kintu ina vicAroM kI pahu~ca bhI bhItara meM nahIM hai| binA AtmAvalokana kiye tathA bhItara kI graMthiyoM ko khole-bAhara kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna saMbhava nahIM hai / samatA darzana kI dRSTi se yaha saba mUla kI bhUla ko pakar3a pAne ke kAraNa duruha ho rahA hai| vartamAna saMsAra meM adhikAMzataH jo kucha ho rahA hai, vaha bAhara hI bAhara ho rahA hai / usameM bhItara kI khoja nahIM hai| jahA~ taka maiM socatA hU~, merI dRSTi meM aise sAre prayatna mUla meM bhUla ke sAtha ho rahe haiN| mUla ko chor3akara yadi kevala zAkhA-prazAkhAoM ko thAmakara rakhA jAya to vaisI pakaDa bhrAmaka bhI hogI to

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antarmana kI graMthiyA~ kholeM ] [ 126 niSphala bhI / ise hI mUla kI bhUla kahate haiM kyoMki mUla para pakar3a na rahane se Age kI gati meM bhUleM hI bhUleM hotI rahatI haiM tathA dhIre-dhIre Atma vismRti ke kAraNa unheM parakha lene kI kSamatA bhI kSINa hotI calI jAtI hai / isaliye prArambha se hI mUla kI bhUloM ko nahIM pakar3eMge aura unheM nahIM sudhAreMge to sirpha TahaniyoM aura pattoM ko saMvArane se per3a ko harA-bharA nahIM rakha pAyeMge | isa mUla kI bhUla ko ThIka se samajha lene kI AvazyakatA hai / vastutaH Aja lakSya kI hI bhrAnti hai / Aja adhikAMza logoM ne jo mukhya lakSya banA rakhA hai vaha zAyada yaha hai ki adhikAdhika sattA aura sampatti para hamArA hI zrAdhipatya sthApita ho / mamatAbharI aisI lAlasA unake mana meM tejI se umar3atI - ghumar3atI hai / sattA ra sampatti - ye bAharI tattva haiM jo Antarika zakti ko ujAgara banAne meM bAdhA rUpa hI haiM / jaba cetanA bAdhAoM ko jholI meM sameTatI jAya to yaha mUla kI bhUla huI ki nahIM ? bAdhAoM ko haTAne ke liye gati dI jAtI hai, unheM sameTane ke lie nahIM / usase to durgati hotI hai / agara mUla kI bhUla pakar3aleM ki mamatA-mana ko bigAr3atI hai aura samatA sudhAratI hai to mamatA ke tAnobAnoM meM nahIM ulajheMge / prAtmAbhimukhI banakara hI manuSya apane bAharI jagat ke karttavyoM kA bhI sahI nirdhAraNa kara sakatA hai kyoMki usa nirdhAraNa meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samatA-bhAva kA astitva hotA hai / mUla meM samatA rahegI to mUla ko dekhakara bAda kI kisI bhUla ko sudhAranA sarala ho jAyagA / zakti ke niyaMtraNa se hI usakA sadupayoga : caitanya prANiyoM meM zakti kA pravAha to nirantara baha rahA hai jisameM donoM prakAra kI zaktiyA~ - bhautika evaM prAdhyAtmika sammilita haiM / donoM prakAra kI ina pravahamAna zaktiyoM ko bAMdhakara jIvana vikAsa kI dizA meM unakA pUrA sadupayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / varSA kA khulA pAnI cAroM ora bikhara kara barabAda ho jAtA hai magara yadi usI pAnI ko - nadiyoM yA nAloM ko roka kara bAMdha leM aura bAMdha banAleM to usa baMdhe hue pAnI kA kaI rItiyoM se mAnava samAja apane lie sadupayoga kara sakatA hai / zakti bikhara jAtI hai to TUTa jAtI hai aura zakti baMdha jAtI hai to sukha kA sAdhana ho jAtI hai / 1 yahA~ prazna zakti ke niyaMtraNa evaM usake sadupayoga kA hI hai tAki vaha zakti saccA vikAsa sampAdita karA sake / cetanA - zakti ke liye bhI yahI prazna hai / para-tattvoM ke pIche bhAgate rahane se tathA viSamatAoM meM grasta ho jAne se * cetanA zakti lu japuja ho rahI hai aura bikhara rahI hai - isa kAraNa prabhAvahIna ho rahI hai - nirupayogI bana rahI hai / mUla kI bhUla ko pakar3a kara yadi cetanA zakti

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130 ] [ karma siddhAnta sacce artha meM yogya draSTA bana jAya to usakI zakti niyaMtrita bhI ho jAyegI aura ekarUpa bhI bana jaavegii| taba usakI prabhAvikatA evaM upayogitA aparimita ho jAyagI / aniyaMtrita mana bhaTakAva meM hajAra jagahoM para ulajhatA hai to hajAra taraha ko gAMThe bAMdha letA hai| yadi dRSTi samartha bana jAya to mana kA niyantraNa bhI sahaja ho jAyegA kyoMki samatA ke samAgama se samartha dRSTi draSTA ko bhI yogya banA degI / vaha draSTA taba jar3a tattvoM kI adhInatA chor3a degaa| aura svayaM unakA bhI aura nijakA bhI kuzala niyaMtraka bana jaaygaa| mAnava mana badalA to samajhiye ki vyakti-vyakti meM yaha kSubha parivartana cala nikalegA jo samAja, rASTra evaM vizva taka kI paristhitiyoM ko samatA ke DhAMce meM DhAlakara sabake liye unheM sukhakara evaM hitakara banA degA / kevala ekasUtrI kAryakrama-samatA darzana : isa prakAra ke sukhada parivartana kI dazA meM jo bAhya samasyAe~ pahale jaTila dikhAI de rahI thIM, ve AsAna ho jaayeNgii| jo vikRta dRSTi pahale apane svArtha hI dekhatI thI, vaha sama bana kara apane Atma svarUpa ko dekhegI to bAhara parahita ko hI pramukhatA degii| jyoM-jyoM hRdaya kI gaharAiyoM meM samatA kA utkarSa bar3hatA jAyagA, lokopakAra ke liye apane sarvasva taka kI bali. kara dene meM bhI koI hicaka nahIM hogii| samatA-darzana ke kevala eka-sUtrI kAryakrama ke AdhAra para na sirpha vyakti ke antarmana aura jIvana meM jAgRti kI jyoti phailegI balki sAmAjika, rASTrIya evaM vizvajanIna jIvana meM bhI krAntikArI sukhada parivartana lAye jA skeNge| 'cetana para jar3a ko hAvI na hone deM'-yaha mUla maMtra hai, phira moha kA koI vyavadhAna nahIM rhegaa| samatA darzana kA prakAza sabhI prakAra ke aMdhakAra ko naSTa kara degaa| __ jIvana meM samatA ke vikAsa kI AdhArazilA banAiye / zreSTha saMskAroM ko-jo itane pragAr3ha hoM ki eka pIr3hI se dUsarI pIr3hI meM pallavita-puSpita hote hue isa taraha zrI vRddhi karate jAMya ki sAMsArika jIvana kA krama hI abAdha rUpa se samatAmaya bana jAya / aisI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA vAtAvaraNa chA jAya jo mAnava-jAti hI nahIM samasta prANI samAja ke sAtha sahAnubhUti evaM sahayoga kI sakriyatA ko sthAyI banAde / vizva-darzana tabhI sArthaka hai jaba yogya draSTA apanI samartha dRSTi ke mAdhyama se sampUrNa dRzya ko samatAmaya banA ske| yathAvat svarUpa darzana se hI samatA kA svarUpa pratibhAsita ho skegaa|

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antarmana kI graMthiyA~ kholeM ] [ 131 mUla samasyA hai dRSTi vikAsa kii| yaha vikAsa samatA darzana kI gUr3hatA meM raMga kara hI sAdhA jA skegaa| daSTi isa rUpa meM vikasita hogI tabhI sAmarthya grahaNa karegI aura apane dRSTA ko svarUpa-darzana kI yogyatA pradAna kregii| mala rUpa meM mamatA se haTane para hI dRSTi vikAsa kA kAryAraMbha ho sakegA / svarUpa darzana se parivartana kI preraNA milatI hai| eka darpaNa ko itanA svaccha honA cAhiye ki usameM koI bhI AkRti spaSTatA se pratibimbita ho sake / kintu koI darpaNa aisA hai yA nahIM-use dekhane se hI jJAta hogA / yathAvata dekhane se jaba mailA rUpa dikhAI degA to use dho-poMcha kara sApha banA lene kI preraNA bhI phUTegI / vikAsonmukha hone kI pahalI sIr3hI svarUpa-darzana hai cAhe vaha nijAtmA kA ho yA vizva kaa| svarUpa darzana se svarUpa-saMzodhana kI ora caraNa avazya bar3hate haiM aura samuccaya meM samatA darzana kA yahI suphala hai / karmana kI rekhA nyArI re . [rAga mAMDa] karmana kI rekhA nyArI re, vidhi nA TArI nAMhi ttrai| rAvaNa tIna khaNDa ko rAjA, china meM naraka pdd'e| chappana koTa parivAra kRSNa ke, vana meM jAya mare / / 1 / / hanumAna kI mAta anjanA, vana-vana rudana krai| bharata bAhubali doU bhAI, kaisA yuddha karai / / 2 / / rAma aru lakSmaNa donoM bhAI, siya ke saMga vana meM phirai| sItA mahAsatI pativratA, jalatI agni pare // 3 / / pAMDava mahAbalI se yoddhA, tinakI triyA ko hare / kRSNa rukmaNI ke suta pradyumna, janamata deva harai / / 4 / / ko laga kathanI kIjai inakI, likhatAM grantha bhrai| dharma sahita ye karama kaunasA, 'budhajana' yoM ucare // 5 // -budhajana

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18 karma prakRtiyA~ aura unakA jIvana ke sAtha saMbaMdha sukha-duHkha anubhava karate hue mana, vacana, kAyA dvArA jo kriyA kI jAtI hai, use bhoga kahate haiM / bhoga bhogane para jo saMskAra AtmA para aMkita hote haiM, unheM karma kahate haiM / ye saMskAra punaH jIvana para prakaTa hote haiM. use karmodaya kahate haiM / jo mukhya rUpa se ATha prakAra ke haiM yathA - 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2 . darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. Ayu, 6. nAma, 7. gotra, 8. antarAya / 1 zrI zrIcanda golechA 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma 5 prakAra kA hai 1. matijJAnAvaraNIya - viSaya bhogoM meM sukha hai, aisI buddhi kA honA matijJAnAvaraNIya karma kA phala hai, yaha viSaya sukha chor3ane meM bAdhaka hai / 2. zrutajJAnAvaraNIya - bhoga ke prati ruci kA honA isakA phala hai / isase bhoga buddhi para niyantraNa nahIM ho pAtA / 3. pravadhijJAnAvaraNIya - matijJAnAvaraNIya aura zrutajJAnAvaraNIya karma ke kAraNa jIvana meM jo bhoga kI vRtti va pravRtti hotI hai, usa bhoga kI vRtti va pravRtti kI yathArthatA kA aMza mAtra bhI Atmika jJAna na honA avadhijJAnAvaraNIya hai / 4. manaH paryAyajJAnAvaraNIya - bhoga bhogane meM rasAnubhUti se alaga nahIM kara pAnA, isakA lakSaNa hai / isake kAraNa kAmanA kA anta nahIM hotA hai / 5. kevalajJAnAvaraNIya - citta para se ghAti karmoM kA prabhAva naSTa na honA isakA phala hai / 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma & prakAra kA hai 1. cakSudarzanAvaraNIya - bhoga buddhi se prabhAvita hokara dRzyamAna bhogya padArthoM se saMbaMdha sthApita karanA, cakSudarzanAvaraNIya kA phala hai / Jain Educationa International 2. acakSudarzanAvaraNIya - jina padArthoM se saMbaMdha sthApita kiyA hai unameM ruci paidA honA arthAt unameM rasa lenA acakSudarzanAvaraNIya ke kAraNa hotA hai / For Personal and Private Use Only

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karma prakRtiyAM aura unakA jIvana ke sAtha saMbaMdha ] [ 133 3. avadhidarzanAvaraNIya-cakSudarzanAvaraNIya aura acakSudarzanAvaraNIya se utpanna huI vibhinna avasthAoM ko anubhava na kara pAnA avadhidarzanAvaraNIya hai| 4. kevaladarzanAvaraNIya-caitsika mamatva isakA lakSaNa hai / 5. nidrA-indriyoM ke viSayoM meM ruci ke kAraNa bhoga bhogane ke liye sAmAnya rUpa se mUrchita honA arthAt apanI vismRti honA nidrA hai|| 6. pracalA-nidrita hone se baca nahIM pAnA, bAra-bAra machita honA pracalA hai| - 7. nidrA-nidrA-bhoga prApti ke liye bAra-bAra lAlAyita rahanA nidrAnidrA hai| 8. pracalA-pracalA-bhogecchA kA saMvaraNa na kara pAnA pracalA-pracalA hai / 6. styAnagaddhi-bhoga bhogane kI aisI tIvra AkAMkSA honA jisase apanA bhAna bhUla jAve styAnagRddhi hai / 3. vedanIya karma do prakAra kA hai indriyoM ke viSayoM meM asAtA kA saMvedana karanA asAtA vedanIya hai aura sAtA kA saMvedana karanA sAtA vedanIya hai| 4. mohanIya karma do prakAra kA hai-darzana mohanIya aura cAritra mohniiy| . 1. darzana mohanIya-bhoga pravRtti para buddhi kA jo prabhAva hotA hai vaha darzana mohanIya hai| yaha prabhAva jIvana para tIna prakAra se prakaTa hotA hai-mithyAtva, mizra aura samyaktva mohanIya / mithyAtva mohanIya-sadA bhogoM meM lage rahanA, bhaviSya meM bhI bhoga milate raheM, aisI lAlasA kA honA isakA lakSaNa hai / samyakamibhyAtva-kAma bhoga anAcaraNIya hai yaha jAnatA huA, anubhava karatA huA bhI unase virata hone meM asamartha honA aura unameM Ananda mAnate rahanA samyak mithyAtva hai| __samyaktva mohanIya-tyAga vRtti meM laga jAne para bhI pUrNa rUpa se bhogoM se virata nahIM honA isakA lakSaNa hai| 2. cAritra mohanIya-kaSAyoM (krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha) se saMyukta hokara bhoga pravRtti meM laga jAnA cAritra mohanIya kA lakSaNa hai / yaha cAra prakAra kA hai yathA anantAnubandhI-mithyAtva se prabhAvita bhoga avasthA ko anantAnubandhI kahate haiN|

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134 ] [ karma siddhAnta apratyAkhyAna-tyAgavRtti kA na honA apratyAkhyAna hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-kaSAyoM ke naSTa na hone taka tyAgavRtti kI vibhinna dazAoM ko pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kahate haiM / saMjvalana-arthAt sAmAnya kaSAya zruta bhoga pravRtti, AhAra, bhaya, maithuna, parigraha ina cAra mUla saMjJAoM se virata nahIM honaa| krodha-kAmanA utpanna hone para kSubhita honA arthAt citta kA kupita honA krodha hai| mAna-bhoga bhogane kI abhilASA kA citta meM basa jAnA mAna hai| isakI pratikriyA ahaMkAra rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai / mAyA-bhoga bhogane meM laga jAnA mAyA hai| lobha-bhoga kI lAlasA kA banA rahanA lobha hai / cAritra mohanIya ke anantAnubaMdhI Adi pratyeka bheda ke sAtha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha inakA saMbaMdha rahatA hai / nokaSAya-kaSAya ke sahAyaka kAraNoM ko nokaSAya kahate haiM / sahAyaka kAraNoM ke rahate kaSAyoM kA prabhAva pUrNata: naSTa nahIM hotA hai| yaha 6 prakAra kI hai yathA 1. rati-bhoga kAla meM jo sukhAnubhUti hotI hai use rati kahate haiM / 2. hAsa-usa sukhAnubhUti se jo ullAsa hotA hai use hAsa kahate haiM / 3. arati-icchA vAsanA ke banI rahane ke kAraNa citta kA khinna honA arati hai| 4. zoka-khinnatA ke sAtha kleza utpanna hotA hai, use zoka kahate haiM / 5. bhaya-bhoga ke sAdhanoM ke nAza kI AzaMkA bhaya hai| 6. jugupsA-bhoga sAdhanoM ke rakSaNa kI bhAvanA athavA bhoga ke sAdhanoM ke naSTa hone ke kAraNoM se ghRNA karanA jugupsA hai| 7. puruSa veda-bhogoM ko sAmAnya prakAra se vedanA (bhoganA) puruSaveda hai| 8. strI veda-rasAsakti sahita bhoga pravRtti strI veda kA lakSaNa hai| 6. napusaka veda-mithyAtva ke lakSaNoM sahita bhoga meM lage rahanA napusaka veda kA lakSaNa hai|

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karma prakRtiyA~ aura unakA jIvana ke sAtha saMbaMdha ] [ 135 5. prAyu-samagra karma prakRtiyoM se prabhAvita jIvana kI avasthA Ayu hai / usakA varNana 4 prakAra se kiyA gayA hai 1. narakAyu-jisa jIvana meM viSaya bhogoM kI atyanta cAha haiM, bhoga icchA sadA banI rahatI hai, arati aura zoka meM nimagna citta sadA azAnta rahatA hai, yaha narakAyu kA lakSaNa hai / 2. tithaMca prAyu-bhoga se pravRtta jIvana ko tithaMca Ayu kahate haiM jo viveka jAgRta hone para kabhI tyAga kI ora bhI agrasara ho sakatA hai| 3. manuSya prAyu-jisa jIvana meM saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA hotI hai vaha manuSya jIvana hai / saMkalpa kI dRr3hatA ke kAraNa bhoga yA tyAga meM se kisI meM laga jAne meM pUrNa samartha honA isakA lakSaNa hai| 4. deva Ayu-tyAga kI pravRtti hote hue bhI icchAoM se chuTakArA na pA sakanA deva Ayu kA lakSaNa hai / 6. nAma karma-ghAti karmoM kA prabhAva mana, indriyoM aura deha para prakaTa hokara jisa prakAra kI kriyA, kriyAzakti kA prayoga jisa krama se prakaTa hokara bhogoM kI ora prerita karatA, vaha nAma karma hai / nAma karma meM Agata karma prakRtiyoM kA AdhAra isa prakAra pratIta hotA hai : gatiyAM mana ke pariNAmoM kI, jAtiyA~ indriyoM kI kriyAoM kI aura zarIra, mana va indriyoM ke dvArA hone vAlI kriyAoM ke prakAroM ke dyotaka haiM / mana aura indriya kI vibhinna avasthAe~ saMskAroM ke rUpa meM, inakI nimitta zaktiyA~ saMhananoM ke rUpa meM, inake viSaya varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza ke rUpa meM, viSayoM meM mana aura indriyoM kI kriyAe~ aMgopAMgoM ke rUpa meM, aMgopAMgoM kA zubhAzubha pravRtti yA vihAyogati ke rUpa meM varNana kI gaI haiN| Age kI prakRtiyA~ cetana ke aguru-laghutva guNa ke kAraNa kramazaH prakaTa hone vAlI avasthAoM kI sUcaka haiM / nAma karma kI prakRtiyAM isa prakAra haiM gati nAma karma-citta kI sakriyatA kA honA gati nAma karma hai| .. jAti nAma karma- indriyoM kI sakriyatA kA honA jAti nAma karma hai| yaha ekendriya, bendriya aAdi pAMca indriyoM kI apekSA pA~ca prakAra kA hai| zarIra nAma karma-zarIra ke avayavoM (kriyA ke sAdhanoM) kA kAryarata honA zarIra nAma karma hai / yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai audArika-deha kA sAmAnya rUpa se kAryarata honA audArika zarIra hai / vaikriya-indriyoM kA sAmAnya se adhika vikRta hokara kAryarata honA vaikriya zarIra hai|

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136 ] [ karma siddhAnta pAhAraka-saMyama pAlana karane para citta kI pramattA kA kAryarata honA AhAraka zarIra hai| tejasa-karmazakti cetanazakti kA prabhAva taijasa zarIra hai| kArmaNa-pUrva saMskAroM kI jAgRti kA prabhAva kArmaNa zarIra hai| baMdhana nAma karma-uparyukta pAMcoM zarIroM meM se jo zarIra eka dUsare se saMyukta hokara baMdhana ko prApta hote haiM, vaha baMdhana nAma karma hai| saMghAtana-pAMcoM zarIroM kI saMyukta kArya zakti saMghAtana hai| saMsthAna saMyukta kArya zakti jIvana para jisa prakAra kA prabhAva prakaTa karatI hai, vaha saMsthAna hai / yaha chaH prakAra kA hai huNDaka-atyanta tIvra abhilASAoM ke sAtha bhoga pravRttiyoM meM (grAma zUkara kI taraha) lage rahane kI vRtti huNDaka saMsthAna kA lakSaNa hai| vAmana-bhoga vRtti kA kucha kama honA, alpa honA vAmana hai| kubjaka-alpa Arjava, mArdava kA prakaTa honA kubjaka saMsthAna hai| svAti-AtmalakSI honA svAti saMsthAna hai| nyagarodha parimaNDala-bhoga vRttiyoM kA nigraha karane kI avasthA nyagarodha parimaNDala saMsthAna hai| __ samacaturasra-samAna bhAva kA honA samacaturasra saMsthAna hai| noTa :-uparyukta saMsthAnoM ke artha 'zabda kalpadruma' koSa ke AdhAra para kiye gaye haiN| aMgopAMga saMsthAnoM se prabhAvita hokara praudArika, vaikriya yA AhAraka zarIra kA kAryarata honaa| saMhanana-aMgopAMga kI kriyA zakti saMhanana hai| vaha 6 prakAra kA haivajra RSabhanArAca, RSabhanArAca, nArAca, arddhanArAca, kIlikA aura supATikA / ye sabhI saMsthAna puruSArtha ke vAcaka haiN| __ varga, gaMdha rasa, sparza-saMhanana ke anusAra pAMcoM indriyoM ke viSayoM meM lagA rahanA varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza kahA gayA hai / gatyAnapUrvo-indriyoM ke viSayoM meM tIvratA yA maMdatA ke sAtha lage rahane kI vRttiyoM ke saMskAroM kA honA gatyAnupUrvI hai| vihAyogati-azubha se zubha kI ora, aura zubha se azubha kI ora jAne ke saMskAroM ko kramazaH zubha-azubha vihAyogati kahate haiN| agurulaghu-cetana guNa kA prakaTa honA agurulaghu hai /

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karma prakRtiyAM aura unakA jIvana ke sAtha saMbaMdha ] - [ 137 upaghAta-karma cetanA ke pazcAt indriyoM kA saMcaraNa hokara bhoga vastu se sambandha sthApita karane ko upaghAta nAma kahate haiN| parAghAta-bhoga vastuoM se saMbaMdha sthApita hone para viSayoM kI ora AkarSita honA parAghAta hai| ucchavAsa-bhoga padArthoM meM AkarSita hone ke kAraNa bhoga padArthoM ko prApta karane ke liye utsuka hone ko ucchavAsa kahate haiM / prAtapa-utsuka hone para bhogane kI AkAMkSA kA prakaTa honA jisase deha meM tApa hotA hai, Atapa nAma hai| udyota-prakaTa huI AkAMkSAeM pUrNa karane ko udyata yA utsuka honA udyota nAma karma hai| trasa, sthAvara, azubha aura zubha-upaghAta kI avasthA meM indriyoM kA bAhya rUpa se kArya rUpa meM rata honA trasa nAma karma hai, AMtarika saMcaraNa sthAvara nAma karma hai, zubha yA azubha meM lagane ke saMskAra zubha, azubha prakRti hai| bAdara, sUkSma, subhaga, dubhaga-parAghAta kI avasthA meM bAhya rUpa se kAryarata honA bAdara nAma aura sUkSma rUpa se kAryarata hone ke saMskAra sUkSma nAma karma hai / parAghAta avasthA meM niyaMtraNa karane ke saMskAra subhaga aura niyantraNa nahIM karane ke saMskAra ko dubhaga nAma karma kahate haiM / paryApta-aparyApta-susvara-dusvara ucchavAsa avasthA arthAt bhoga bhogane ke liye paryApta rUpa se yA aparyApta rUpa se utsuka honA paryApta-aparyApta nAma karma hai / usa paryApta-aparyApta avasthA meM zubha kI ora yA azubha kI ora jAne kI avasthA susvara-dusvara hai| pratyeka sAdhAraNa, prAdeya-anAdeya-ucchavAsa avasthA meM pratyeka bhogya vastu ke prati utpanna AkAMkSA pratyeka hai aura sAmAnya AkAMkSA utpanna honA sAdhAraNa hai / AkAMkSAoM kA nahIM karanA Adeya hai aura AkAMkSAoM ko karanA anAdeya hai| sthira-asthira, yazakIti, prayazakoti-udyota avasthA meM saMskAroM ke anusAra pravRtti honA asthiratA hai aura bhogoM meM pravRtti na honA sthiratA hai| zubha pravRttiyoM meM laganA yazakIrti hai aura mana ko niyantrita nahIM karanA ayazakIti hai| nirmANa-ukta prakRtiyoM ko niyamita karanA nirmANa hai| tIrthaMkara-prakRtiyoM se uparata hone kI vRtti tIrthaMkara nAma karma hai /

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138 ] [ karma siddhAnta 7. gotra - nAma karma ko sarva uttara prakRtiyoM kI sammilita zakti kA prabhAva deha kI kriyAoM para prakaTa hotA hai, vaha gotra karma hai / yadi ve daihika kriyAe~ sadpravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM haiM to vaha ucca gotra hai / duSpravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM to vaha nIca gotra hai / 8. aMtarAya - Ayu, nAma, gotra inakA udaya (vedana hone para bhoga kI kAmanA kA paidA honA) aMtarAya karma hai / bhogoM ko prApta karane kI abhilASA dAnAntarAya hai, bhogoM ke prati ruci hone kI avasthA lAbhAntarAya hai, bhogane kI abhilASA bhogAntarAya hai, bAra-bAra bhogane kI abhilASA, lAlasA kA banA rahanA upabhoga antarAya aura bhogoM ke prati puruSArtha karane kI vRtti vIryAntarAya hai / bhogoM ke bhogane kI icchA yA vAsanA nahIM rahane para aMtarAya karma kSaya ho jAtA hai / isa lekha meM Ayu, nAma, antarAya Adi karmoM kI mUla va uttara prakRtiyoM kI paribhASAe~ paramparAgata paribhASAoM se bhinna rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI haiM / inakA AdhAra yaha hai ki deha kA halkA, bhArI, kaThora, narma, sabala - nirbala, sundaraasundara honA, deha kA kAlA gorA Adi varNoM kA honA, sugaMdha - durgandha yukta honA, mIThA, khaTTA Adi prAsvAdana karanA Adi kI upalabdhi karma bandha kAraNa nahIM hai / apitu indriya aura mana kI pravRttiyA~ va kriyAe~ hI karma bandha ke kAraNa hotI haiM / isI prakAra Ayu kI kamI adhikatA bhI karma bandha kA phala nahIM hai apitu Ayu jIvana kI eka avasthA hai tathA bhogopabhoga saMbaMdhI vastunoM kA milanA na milanA sAmAnya rUpa se antarAya rUpa hai, parantu antarAya karma nahIM hai / prAtama - dhyAna rAga - jaMgalA maiM nija Atama kaba dhyAU~gA / rAgAdika paraNAma tyAga ke, samatA sauM lau lagAU~gA / maiM nija0 1 // mana vaca kAya jogathira karakai, jJAna samAdhi lagAU~gA / aa hauM zreNa car3hi dhyAU~, cArita moha nazAU~gA / maiM nija0 2 / / cAroM karama ghAtiyA hana kari, paramAtama pada pAU~gA / jJAna daraza sukha bala bhaNDArA, cAra aghAti vahAU~gA / maiM nija0 3 // parama niraMjana siddha buddha pada, paramAnanda kahAU~gA 'dyAna' yaha sampatti jaba pAU~, bahuri na jaga meM zrAU~gA / maiM nija0 4 // / -dyAnatarAya

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jIvana meM karma-siddhAnta kI upayogitA - zrI kalyANamala jaina jIvana kyA hai ? AkAza meM ur3ate hue paMchI se eka musAphira ne pUchA-"gagana bihArI, kyA Apa batA sakate haiM ki jIvana kyA hai ?" paMchI ne uttara diyA-"bhale mAnuSa ! yaha bhI pUchane kI bAta hai / vaha jo tere pAMvoM ke nIce AdhAra kI miTTI hai aura jo mere sira ke Upara vihAra kA unmukta loka hai, yahI to jIvana hai|" musAphira yaha samajhakara bAga-bAga ho uThA ki vAstava meM yathArtha aura kalpanA kA mela karAne vAlI yAtrA hI jIvana hai| bAlyakAla kI caMcalatA, javAnI kA utsAha aura vRddhAvasthA kI udAsInatA kA samanvaya hI jIvana hai| jise hama AtmA, caitanya kahate haiM, use bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jIva kahA hai| AgamoM meM adhikatara jIva zabda kA hI prayoga milatA hai| jIva zabda kA artha hai-jo ananta kAla se jItA pA rahA hai aura ananta-ananta anAgata kAla kI yAtrA ke lie jItA jA rahA hai arthAt jo jIvita hai, jIvita thA aura sadaiva jIvita rahegA, vaha jIva hai| vaha ananta-anantakAla ke pravAhamAna pravAha meM jItA jA rahA hai| jIvana kI koI sImA nahIM, ataH usakA maraNa bhI nhiiN| maraNa janma ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai| janma aura maraNa ke do kinAroM ke madhya meM jo jindagI ke varSa haiM, unheM hama jIvana kahate haiM / yaha jindagI kI dhArA janma-maraNa ke kinAroM ke madhya gatizIla hai-vastutaH yahI jIvana hai| caitanya kI apekSA AtmA ajanmA hai, parantu apane zubhAzubha karma ke anusAra caitanya (AtmA) deha dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: AtmA kA nayA janma nahIM hotA, janma hotA hai to deha kaa| kisI eka yoni se bandhe hue Ayu karma kA udaya meM AnA janma hai aura usakA kSaya honA maraNa hai| usake madhya meM dehavAsa kI sthiti jIvana hai / AtmA vahI hai-badalatA hai kevala deha / jaise eka vyakti ghara ko chor3akara athavA tor3akara nayA ghara banAtA hai, basa isI taraha saMsAra meM paribhramaNazIla AtmA Ayu karma kA kSaya hote hI naye ghara meM praveza karatI hai, isa naye ghara ke nirmANa ko hI hama janma kahate haiN|

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140 ] [ karma-vimarza naye ghara meM jAne ke lie purAne ghara ko chor3anA hotA hai arthAt deha chor3anA maraNa hai| isa janma aura maraNa ke bIca jo sAMsoM kI jhaMkAra hai vahI jIvana hai / karma kyA hai ? * sAdhAraNa rUpa meM jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai, use karma kahate haiN| jaise khAnApInA, bolanA, calanA, socanA, vicAranA, uThanA, baiThanA prAdi / kintu yahAM karma zabda se kevala kriyA rUpa hI parilakSita nahIM hai / 'mahApurANa' meM karma rUpI brahmA ke paryAyavAcI zabda isa prakAra haiM: vidhi saSTA vidhAtA ca daivaM karmapurA kRtam / Izvara - Izvara cetI paryAya-karma vedhas / arthAt-vidhi, sRSTi, vidhAtA, devapurA, kRtam, Izvara ye karma rUpI brahmA ke vAcaka zabda haiM / isa karma zabda se isI brahmA ko grahaNa kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva ke dvArA hetuoM se jo kiyA jAya, usa pudgala vargaNA ke saMgraha kA nAma karma hai| zubha evaM azubha pravRtti ke dvArA AkRSTa aura sambandhita hokara jo pudgala AtmA ke svarUpa ko AvRtta karate haiM, vikRta karate haiM aura zubhAzubha phala ke kAraNa banate haiN| una gRhita pudgaloM kA nAma haikarma ! yadyapi yaha pudgala eka rUpa hai, tathApi yaha jisa Atma guNa ko prabhAvita karate haiM, usake anusAra hI una pudgaloM kA nAma ho jAtA hai / karma siddhAnta : __jo niyama kabhI nahIM badalate aura yathArthatA ko lie hue hote haiM, una aTala niyamoM ko siddhAnta kahate haiN| uparyukta jIvana kA AdhAra karmavyavasthA hai aura karma-vyavasthA ke jo aTala niyama haiM, vahIM karma siddhAnta kahalAte haiN| jaise dharma dayA meM hai, bhUtakAla meM thA, vartamAna meM hai, aura bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA / aise hI karma siddhAnta ke niyama bhI aTala haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM : (1) cetana kA sambandha pAkara jar3a karma svayaM apanA phala detA hai| AtmA usa phala ko bhogatA hai| (2) kisI bhI karma ke phala bhogane ke lie karma aura usake karane vAloM ke atirikta kisI tIsare vyakti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| kyoMki karate samaya hI jIva ke pariNAmoM ke anusAra eka prakAra kA saMskAra par3a jAtA hai jisase prerita hokara jIva apane karma kA phala svayaM bhogatA hai / karma bhI cetana se

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jIvana meM karma-siddhAnta kI upayogitA ] [ 141 sambandhita hokara apane phala ko apane Apa hI prakaTa karatA hai| jaise-bhaMga ghoTakara kisI bartana meM rakha dene se usa bartana ko nazA nahIM hotA, para jyoMhI usa bartana meM rakhI huI usa bhaMga ko koI vyakti pItA hai to use samaya pAkara avazya nazA hotA hai| usameM tIsarI zakti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| isI prakAra karma pudgala jIva kA sambandha pAkara svayaM apanA phala detA hai ko sukha ko duHkha deta hai, deta karma jhakajhora / ulajhata sulajhata Apa hI, patA pavana ke jora / / kucha dArzanika mAnate haiM ki kAla, svabhAva, karma, puruSArtha aura niyati ina pAMca samavAya ke milane se jIva karma phala bhogatA hai| ina saba tarkoM se yaha siddha hotA hai ki jIva ke bhoga se karma apanA phala svayaM detA hai| isa siddhAnta ko bhAratIya Astika darzanoM ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha darzana jaise anAtmavAdiyoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM rAjA malinda aura sthavira nAgasena kA saMvAda isa prakAra hai rAjA malinda sthavira nAgasena se pUchatA hai ki bhante ! kyA kAraNa hai ki sabhI manuSya samAna nahIM hote, koI kama Ayu vAlA aura koI dIrgha Ayu vAlA, koI rogI, koI nIrogI, koI bhaddA, koI sundara, koI prabhAvahIna, koI prabhAvazAlo, koI nirdhana, to koI dhanI, koI nIca kula vAlA, to koI ucca kula vAlA, koI mUrkha, to koI vidvAn kyoM hote haiM ? ina praznoM kA uttara sthavira nAgasena ne isa prakAra diyaa| rAjan ! kyA kAraNa hai ki sabhI vanaspati eka jaisI nahIM hai / koI khaTTI to koI namakIna, to koI tIkhI to koI kar3avI kyoM hotI hai ? . malinda ne kahA-maiM samajhatA hU~ ki bIjoM kI bhinnatA hone se vanaspati bhI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai| nAgasena ne kahA-rAjan ! jIvoM kI vividhatA kA kAraNa bhI unakA apanA-apanA karma hI hotA hai| sabhI jIva apane-apane karmoM kA phala bhogate haiN| sabhI jIva apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra nAnA gati-yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiN| rAjA malinda aura nAgasena ke isa saMvAda se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki karma apanA phala svayaM hI pradAna karate haiN|' - isI ko rAma bhakta mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne bhI spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai : 1-malinda prazna-bauddha graMtha /

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142 ] karma pradhAna vizva kari rAkhA / jasa karahi so tasa phala cAkhA // arthAt prANI jaisA karma karatA hai, use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA haiM / basa yahI karma siddhAnta hai / isameM na kAla kucha kara sakatA hai aura na Izvara kucha kara sakatA hai / kahA bhI hai avazyameva bhoktavyaM kRta karma zubhAzubham / jA bhukta kSIyate karma kalpa koTi zatairapi // artha - bhoge binA karor3oM kalpoM meM bhI karmoM kA kSaya nahIM hotA hai / kiye hue zubhAzubha karma avazya bhogane par3ate haiM / yathA dhenu saha sleSu, tayaivaha kRtaM karma vatso vindati mAtaram / kartAra, manu gacchati // [ cANakya nIti ] Jain Educationa International [ karma siddhAnta artha- jaise hajAroM gAyoM ke hote hue bhI govatsa sIdhA apanI mAtA ke pAsa jAtA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra meM kRta karma bhI apane kartA kA hI anusaraNa karate haiM / arthAt usI ko sukha-duHkha phala dete haiM / svakarmaNA yukta eva sarvohya tvadyate janaH / santayA kRSyate tena na yathA svayAmacchati // artha - apane karma se yukta hI sabhI jana utpanna hote haiM / ve usa karma ke dvArA aise khIMca liye jAte haiM, jaisA ki ve svayaM nahIM cAhate / ukta pramANoM se spaSTa hai ki karma siddhAnta ke niyama aTala haiM / karma siddhAnta kI upayogitA : karma siddhAnta mAnava jIvana meM AzA evaM sphUrti kA saMcAra karatA hai / mAnava mana ko vikAsa ke patha para Age bar3hane ke lie prerita karatA hai / jIvana meM Ane vAlI aneka ulajhanoM kA sulabhAva karatA hai / karma siddhAnta kI sabase bar3I upayogitA yaha hai ki vaha mAnava ko AtmahInatA evaM AtmadInatA ke garta meM girane se bacAtA hai / karma siddhAnta ko mAnane vAlA vyakti na Izvara kI dayA lie gir3agir3AtA hai aura na honahAra ke lie akarmaNya hokara baiThatA hai / vaha samajhatA hai ki jo samasyAe~ sAmane sira nikAla kara khar3I haiM, unase Darane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yaha saba pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala hai aura apane puruSArtha ke dvArA inakA sAmanA kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa AzA ke sAtha vyakti puruSArtha For Personal and Private Use Only

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jIvana meM kama-siddhAnta kI upayogitA ] [ 143 karatA huA apanI AtmA ko saMsAra-samudra ke gahana garta se nikAla kara mokSa rUpI carama zikhara para pahuMca sakatA hai| jaba mAnava apane jIvana meM hatAza evaM nirAza ho jAtA hai, apane cAroM ora use andhakAra hI andhakAra dRSTigocara hotA hai, yahAM taka ki usakA gantavya mArga bhI vilupta ho jAtA hai| aise samaya meM usa duHkhI AtmA ko karma siddhAnta hI ekamAtra dhairya aura zAnti pradAna karatA hai / yaha siddhAnta usako batAtA hai ki he mAnava ! jisa paristhiti ko dekhakara athavA pAkara tU rotA hai yA duHkhI hotA hai, yaha tere svayaM dvArA nirmita hai, isalie isakA phala bhI tujhe hI bhoganA hai| kabhI yaha ho nahIM sakatA ki karma tU svayaM kare aura phala koI anya bhoge| . jaba manuSya apane duHkha aura kaSToM meM svayaM apane Apako kAraNa mAna letA hai taba usameM karma ke phala bhogane kI zakti bhI A jAtI hai| isa prakAra jaba mAnava karma siddhAnta ko pUrNa rUpa se samajhakara usa para vizvAsa karatA hai, taba usake jIvana meM nirAzA, tamisrA aura Atma-dInatA dUra ho jAtI hai / usake lie jIvana bhoga-bhUmi na rahakara karttavya-bhUmi bana jAtA hai| jIvana meM Ane vAle sukha evaM duHkha ke jhaMjhAvAtoM meM usakA mana prakampita nahIM hotA apitu eka AzA kI lahara umar3a par3atI hai / sukha ke ujale sundara vAsara, saMkaTa kI kAlI rAteM / varSoM kaTa jAte haiM dina-dina, AzA kI karate bAteM / / karma siddhAnta ko mAnane vAle vyakti kA jIvana prAzAmaya bana jAtA hai| vaha apane jIvana meM kAla, svabhAva, honahAra Adi se adhika mahattva apane kRta karma (puruSArtha) ko detA hai aura kabhI nirAza nahIM hotA kyoMki karma siddhAnta yaha batAtA hai ki AtmA ko sukha-duHkha kI galiyoM meM ghumAne vAlA manuSya kA karma hI hai| yaha usake atIta karmoM kA avazyaMbhAvI pariNAma hai| hamArI vartamAna avasthA jaisI bhI hai aura jo kucha bhI hai, vaha kisI dUsare ke dvArA hama para lAdI nahIM gaI hai, apitu hama svayaM usake nirmAtA haiM ataeva jIvana meM jo utthAna aura patana AtA hai, jo vikAsa aura hrAsa AtA hai tathA jo sukha aura duHkha AtA hai, usakA dAyitva hama para hai, kisI anya para nhiiN| eka dArzanika ke zabdoM meM "I am the master of my fate, I am the Captain of my soul." arthAt maiM svayaM apane bhAgya kA nirmAtA hU~, maiM svayaM AtmA kA adhinAyaka hU~, merI iccA ke viruddha mujhe koI kisI anya mArga para nahIM calA sktaa| mere mana kA utthAna hI merA utthAna hai tathA mere mana kA patana hI merA patana hai /

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144 ] [ karma - siddhAnta mujhe na koI uThAne vAlA hai aura na koI girAne vAlA / maiM svayaM apanI zakti se uThatA hU~ tathA apanI zakti ke hrAsa se giratA huuN| apane jIvana meM manuSya kucha jaisA aura jitanA pAtA hai, vaha saba kucha usakI boI huI khetI kA acchA yA burA phala hai / ata: jIvana meM hatAza, nirAza tathA dIna-hIna banane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / yahI karma siddhAnta kI upayogitA hai / mAnava jIvana ke dainika vyavahAra meM karma siddhAnta kitanA upayogI hai, yaha bhI vicAraNIya prazna hai / karma zAstra ke vidvAnoM ne apane yuga meM isa samasyA para vicAra kiyA hai| hama apane dainika jIvana meM pratidina dekhate haiM aura anubhava karate haiM to mahasUsa hotA hai ki kabhI-kabhI to jIvana meM sukha ke sundara bAdala chA jAte haiM aura kabhI-kabhI duHkha kI ghanaghora ghaTAe~ sAmane vikarAla svarUpa dhAraNa kiye hue khar3I haiM / usa samaya pratIta hotA hai ki yaha jIvana vibhinna bAdhAoM, duHkha aura vividha prakAra ke kaSToM se bharA par3A hai, jinake Ane para hama ghabarA jAte haiM tathA hamArI buddhi kuMThita ho jAtI hai / mAnava jIvana kI vaha ghar3I kitanI vikaTa hotI hai / jaba eka ora manuSya ko usakI bAharI paristhitiyAM parezAna karatI haiM aura dUsarI ora usake hRdaya kI vyAkulatA bar3ha jAtI hai / isa prakAra kI paristhiti meM jJAnI aura paMDita kahalAne vAle vyakti bhI apane gantavya mArga meM bhaTaka jAte haiM / hatAza aura nirAza hokara apane duHkha, kaSTa aura kleza ke lie dUsaroM ko kosane lagate haiM / ve usa samaya bhUla jAte haiM ki vAstava meM upAdAna kAraNa kyA hai, unakI dRSTi kevala bAhya nimitta para jAkara TikatI hai / isa prakAra ke viSaya prasaMga para vastutaH karma siddhAnta hI hamAre lakSya ke patha ko Alokita karatA hai aura mArga se bhaTakatI huI AtmA ko punaH sanmArga para lA sakatA hai / sukha aura duHkha kA mUla kAraNa apanA karma hI hai / vRkSa kA jaise mUla kAraNa hI hai / vaise hI manuSya ke bhautika jIvana kA mUla kAraNa usakA apanA karma hI hai| sukha-duHkha ke isa kArya kAraNa bhAva ko samajhakara karma siddhAnta manuSya ko AkulatA evaM vyAkulatA ke gahana garta se nikAla kara jIvana ke vikAsa kI ora calane ko prerita karatA hai / isa prakAra karma siddhAnta AtmA ko nirAzA ke jhaMjhAvAta se bacAkara kaSTa evaM kleza sahane kI zakti pradAna karatA hai / saMkaTa ke samaya meM bhI buddhi ko sthira rakhane kA divya sandeza detA hai / karma siddhAnta meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlA vyakti yaha vicAra karatA hai ki jIvana meM jo anukUlatA evaM pratikUlatA AtI hai, usakA utpannakartA maiM svayaM hU~ / phalataH usakA anukUla yA pratikUla pariNAma bhI mujhe hI bhoganA cAhiye / maha dRSTi mAnava jIvana ko zAnta, sampanna aura Anandamaya banA detI hai jisase mAnava AzA evaM sphUrti ke sAtha apane jIvana kA vikAsa karatA huA Age bar3ha jAtA hai / yahI jIvana meM karma siddhAnta kI upayogitA hai /

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20 / karma aura karmaphala // zrI rAjendra muni karma-phala kA bhoga-aTala : - karma aura usake phala kA sambandha kAraNa aura kAryavat hai / kAraNa kI upasthiti kArya ko avazya hI astitva meM lAtI hai| jahA~ agni hai vahA~ dhUmra kI upasthiti bhI sarvanizcita hai / binA agni ke dhUmra nahIM ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra sukha athavA duHkha kA bhoga jaba AtmA dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai to nizcaya hI usakI pRSThabhUmi meM kAraNasvarUpa pUrvakRta karma hai| AtmA ko karmoM kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai| isase usakA nistAra kisI bhI sthiti meM saMbhava nahIM hai| yaha bhI tathya hai ki satkarmoM ke phala bhI zubha hote haiM aura asat karmoM ke phala azubha / sahaja pravRttivaza hama sukhopabhoga ke liye to lAlAyita rahate haiM / para duHkhoM ko bhogane ke liye kauna tatpara rahatA hai ? kintu hamArI icchA-anicchA se karmaphala TalatA yA bar3hatA-ghaTatA nahIM hai| isa siddhAnta ke sambandha meM jaina-darzana sarvathA spaSTa aura dRr3ha hai ki AtmA ko pUrvakarmAnusAra phala kA bhoga anivAryataH karanA par3atA hai| kAraNa utpanna karanA manuSya ke vaza kI bAta hai, kintu isake pazcAta tajjanita kArya para usakA vaza nahIM ho sakatA / agni ko sparza karane para hAtha kA jalanA sarvathA nizcita evaM aTala hotA hai| usI prakAra kartA ko karma kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai / zubha karmoM ke sukhada phaloM ko bhogane ke liye sabhI tatpara raheM, yaha svAbhAvika hI hai / isI prakAra duHkhada phaloM se bacanA bhI cAheMge, kintu yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI phala sadA karmAnurUpa hI huA karate haiN| azubha karma ke zubha phala prApta karanA tanika bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| jaise bIja hoMge tadanusAra hI phala hoMge / 'boe per3a babUla ke' phira koI vyakti 'Ama' kA rasAsvAdana nahIM le sakatA / jaina dharma meM karma siddhAnta ko vizeSa pratiSThA hai| isase vyakti ko vartamAna AcaraNa bhI zuddha aura zubha rakhane kI preraNA milatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa kathana "kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi" se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kiye gaye karmoM kA phala bhoge binA AtmA kA chuTakArA nahIM hotaa| pariNAmataH sabhI zreSTha phala-prApti ke abhilASIjana karma kI zreSThatA para bhI pUrA dhyAna dete haiN|

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146 ] [ karma siddhAnta kyA Izvara karma-phala pradAna karatA hai ? yaha eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai / bhAratIya jana evaM katipaya darzanoM kI yaha sAmAnya mAnyatA hai ki Izvara hI phala kA dAtA hai| jainadarzana kI mAnyatA isase ThIka viparIta hai| jaina darzana Izvara jaisI kisI sattA ko sukha-duHkha kA kartA nahIM sviikaartaa| isameM to prAtmA kI hI sarvoccatA hai| prAtmA hI svayaM ke liye bhaviSya taiyAra karatI hai, vaha svayaM niyantA hai| Izvara meM vizvAsa karane vAle mAnate haiM ki AtmA karma karane meM svatantra hai; para phala to use vaisA hI milegA jaisA Izvara caahegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Izvara kI kRpA ke liye hI adhika prayatna kiye jAte haiN| inake anusAra to azubha karmoM ke phala bhI zubha ho jAte haiN| jIvana bhara pApAcAra meM lipta rahane vAlA ajAmila bhI Izvara kRpA se antataH mokSa ko prApta ho gyaa| jaina dharma isa vicAra ko bhrAmaka aura asatya mAnatA hai| isakA yaha siddhAnta aTala hai ki jaise karma hoMge, unake phala bhI nizcita rUpa se vaise hI hoNge| sAtha hI azubha karmoM ke phala ko bhI koI zakti TAla nahIM sktii| satya to yaha hai ki karma svayaM hI apanA phala dete haiM / ataH jaisA phala icchita ho, tadanurUpa hI karma kiyA jAnA cAhiye / "Izvara hI phala pradAna karatA hai" isa dhAraNA ke pIche kadAcita yaha AdhAra rahA hai ki prAya: dekhane meM AtA hai ki amukajanoM ko unake karmAnusAra phala nahIM miltaa| aura turanta yaha dhAraNA banA lI jAtI hai ki karmoM ke phala to jaise Izvara cAhatA hai vaise detA hai, kintu yaha tAtkAlika vicAra hI kahA jaayegaa| antima satya kA isameM abhAva hai| karmaphala yA karmAnurUpa phala ke abhAva se Izvara ko madhyastha yA abhikaraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / yahA~ yaha spaSTataH samajha lenA upayogI rahegA ki karma kI phala prApti meM vilamba ho sakatA hai / saMbhava hai ki kucha karma isI janma meM apane phala dete haiM aura kucha karma AgAmI janma meM, yahA~ taka ki kabhI-kabhI to phala-prApti aneka janmoM ke pazcAt hotI hai| udAharaNArtha, gajasukumAla muni ko 66 lAkha janmoM ke anantara karmoM kA ugraphala bhoganA par3A thaa| gautama buddha ke paira meM kA~TA laga gayA thaa| isa para unhoMne kahA ki 81 janma pUrva maiMne eka vyakti para bhAle kA prahAra kiyA thaa| usa azubhakarma kA phala hI Aja mujhe isa rUpa meM prApta huA hai / prastu, mAtra isa kAraNa ki karmAnusAra phala kI prApti tatkAla hote na dekhakara yaha mAnanA asaMgata hai ki phala karma ke anusAra nahIM hote, athavA Izvara phala kA dAtA hai| aura vaha azubha karmoM ke bhI zubha phala aura zubha karmoM ke bhI azubha phala de sakatA hai / azubha karmoM kA yadi hama zubha phala bhogate hue dekhate haiM to isameM paristhiti yaha rahatI hai ki isa samaya jo phala bhogA jA rahA hai, vaha isa samaya ke karmoM kA phala nahIM hai| pUrvakRta zubha karmoM ke phala use isa samaya mila rahe haiN| cAhe isa samaya usake azubha karma hI kyoM na hoM ? aura

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karma aura karmaphala ] . [ 147 yaha bhI sarvanizcita hai ki ina azubha karmoM ke phaloM se bhI vaha mukta nahIM raha skegaa| isakA bhoga use karanA hI hogA aura vaha azubha hI hogaa| karma aura usake phala ke madhya Izvara kI sakriyatA ko svIkAra karanA upayukta nhiiN| IzvaravAdIjana to Izvara ko sarvazaktimAna niyaMtA mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM Izvara isa jagata se azubha karmoM ko samApta hI kyoM nahIM kara detA? aisA kyoM hai ki pahale to vaha AtmAoM ko duSkarmoM meM pravRtta karatA hai aura phira una azubha karmoM ke phaloM ko zubha banAne kA kAma bhI karatA hai| eka prazna yaha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki yadi Izvara hI phaladAtA hai to karmoM ke phala vaha tatkAla hI kyoM nahIM de detA tAki duSkarmoM ke duSpariNAma dekhakara anya jana sanmArgI ho ske| eka sthiti aura vicAraNIya haiN| jo para pIr3aka haiM, hiMsaka haiM unheM adharmI samajhA jAtA hai aura unake karma nindanIya tathA anaitika svIkAra kiye jAte haiM / ve anya prANiyoM ko kaSTa dete haiM / yahA~ yaha vicAraNIya prasaMga hai ki jina prANiyoM ko kaSTa mila rahA hai, kyA vaha Izvara kI icchAnusAra hI mila rahA hai ? yA una prANiyoM ko apane karmoM kA phala mila rahA hai ? ye hiMsaka jana to Izvara kI icchA ko hI pUrA kara rahe haiM phira inheM nindanIya kyoM samajhA jAya aura inake ina hiMsApUrNa kAryoM kA azubha phala inheM kyoM mile? isI prakAra dAna ko puNya karma kahA jAtA hai| bhUkhoM ko annadAna karanA zreSTha karma hai| bhUkhoM ko bhUkha kA kaSTa bhI to Izvara ne hI diyA hogA phira Izvara kI vyavasthA meM kiso vyakti dvArA hastakSepa karanA zubha karma kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? Izvara cAhatA hai ki amukajana bhUkha ke kaSTa se pIr3ita rahe aura hama use kaSTa se mukta kara deM to Izvara kI aprasannatA hI hogii| aisI sthiti meM yaha karma zubha kaise ho sakegA ? ye saba bhrAmaka sthitiyA~ haiM / ___vastutaH jainadarzana kA yaha mata asaMdigdha rUpa se yathArtha hai ki na to koI kartA karma ke phaloM se baca sakatA hai aura na hI kisI sthiti meM phala karmAnusAra hone se baca sakatA hai| koI zakti karmAnusAra phaloM ko parivartita nahIM kara sktii| Izvara bhI nhiiN| jaina darzana aura bhAgyavAda : ___ karma kI pradhAnatA se aisA AbhAsa hone lagatA hai ki jaina darzana meM bhAgyavAda kA prAbalya hai| vyakti kA yaha jIvana samagra rUpa se pUrva nirdhArita evaM aparivartanIya ho-yaha bhAgyavAda kA prabhAva hai| yadi karmaphala ko hI bhogate hue

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148 ] [ karma siddhAnta use apane jIvana ko vyatIta karanA hai taba to jo kucha pUrva karmoM dvArA nirdhArita ho cukA hai, jIvana kA svarUpa vaisA hI rhegaa| phira jainadarzana ke bhAgyavAdI hone meM kyA AzaMkA ho sakatI hai. ? isa prakAra ke praznoM kA uThanA sahaja hI hai| yaha nizcita hai ki karma kA phala manuSya ko bhoganA hI par3atA hai aura ye phala pUrva nirdhArita hote haiM kintu sAtha hI jaina darzana jIvana ke svarUpa-gaThana meM karma ke sAtha-sAtha puruSArtha kI bhUmikA ko bhI samAna hI mahattva detA hai| prArabdha kA honA to isa darzana meM mAnA hI jAtA hai kiMtu yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki vyakti apane isI jIvana ke karmoM dvArA isI jIvana ke liye sUkha-duHkhAdi kA vidhAna bhI kara sakatA hai / ye karma avilamba phala dene vAle hote haiM aura yahI puruSArtha hai| jaina darzana ko ekAMgI rUpa se bhAgyavAdI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pichale karmoM ke phala vidhAna svarUpa jo vyavasthA nirdhArita ho jAtI hai vaisA hI manuSya kA yaha jIvana hotA hai aura yaha vyavasthA ajJAta bhAgya ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai / jIvana dhAraNa karate samaya prAtmA kA jo karma samudAya hotA hai vaha apane phalAnusAra eka rUpa raMga, bhAvI jIvana ke liye taiyAra kara detA hai| yadi vyakti bhAgyavAdI hI rahA to vaha pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala hI bhogatA raha jAtA hai| isake viparIta yadi vyakti puruSArtha-prayoga dvArA apane jIvana ko icchita raMga, rUpa dene lagatA hai to usake ye naye karma jIvana ko pUrva vidhAna kI apekSA kucha aura hI kara dete haiN| ye karma turaMta aura isI jIvana meM phala dene vAle hote haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jIvana kA pUrva nirdhArita rUpa pichar3a jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki vyakti apane puruSArtha dvArA bhI pUrva karmoM ke phaloM ko sthagita nahIM kara pAtA / ve phala to use bhogane hI pdd'eNge| jaba puruSArtha durbala ho jAyagA yaha karmaphala udita hone lagatA hai| ye karmaphala bIca-bIca meM puruSArtha ke phaloM ko bhI anukUla-pratikUla rUpa se prabhAvita karate rahate haiN| karmacakra aura usakA sthagana : karma ke saMbaMdha meM jIvana ko kisI upanyAsa ke kathAnaka ke samatulya kahA jA sakatA hai| kathAnaka kI eka ghaTanA apane pahale vAlI ghaTanA ke pariNAma svarUpa hI ghaTita hotI hai aura yaha pariNAma svarUpa ghaTita ghaTanA bhI AgAmI ghaTanA ke lie AdhAra banatI hai| karmacakra bhI isI prakAra gatizIla rahatA hai| jaise bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa kA pariNAma punaH bIja rUpa meM prakaTa ho jAtA hai / karma ke pariNAma svarUpa phala udita hote haiN| ina karmoM ko bhogate-bhogate AtmA dvArA kucha karma aura ajita ho jAte haiM jo kAlAntara meM athavA AgAmI janma meM apane phala dete haiN| spaSTa hai ki isase to AtmA karmAdhIna lagatI hai| prAtmA svataMtra nahIM hai karma karane ke lie| aba yahA~ yaha prazna bhI vicAraNIya ho jAtA hai ki karma

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karma aura karmaphala ] [ 146 aura AtmA meM kauna apekSAkRta adhika balavAna hai ? hama sAmAnyata: pAte haiM ki AtmA karmoM ke phala bhogane meM lagI rahatI hai aura eka ke bAda eka janma grahaNa karatI rahatI hai / ye karma hI haiM jo AtmA ko kAma, krodha, mohAdi maloM meM lipta kara dete haiM / karma hI kisI AtmA ko ujjvala ho sakane kA avasara dete haiM / ina paristhitiyoM meM karma kI sabalatA dikhAyI detI hai / karma hI AtmA para hAvI rahate haiM - aisA pratIta hotA hai / para yathArtha meM karma kI zakti kucha nahIM hai / AtmA hI balavAna hai / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki AtmA ko tejomaya aura ojapUrNa kiyA jAya phira to AtmA karma para niyaMtraNa karane kI pAtratA arjita kara legI / AtmA dvArA bAhya karmoM ke praveza ko niSiddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yaha AtmA hI hai jo apane baMdhana karmacakra ko sthagita kara sakatI hai, kAMTa sakatI hai / AtmA kI karmoM para vijaya hI to mokSa prApti hai / karma kSaya kI yogyatA jaba AtmA meM hai to karma nizcita hI AtmA kI apekSA nirbala haiM / hA~, karma kA pariNAma phala aura phala kA pariNAma karmarUpa meM udita avazya hotA hai aura isa prakAra karmacakra ajasra gati se calatA rahatA hai kiMtu upayukta pAtratA pAkara AtmA isa gati ko samApta kara detI hai / saMyama aura tapa se AtmA ko yaha zakti prApta hotI hai / karmacakra kI aTUTa gati se yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki pratyeka AtmA ke lie usakA yaha krama zAzvata hI rahegA / vastutaH AtmA karmacakra meM grasta kaise hotI hai, isa prasaMga ko samajhanA isa sAre prasaMga ko sugama banA sakatA hai / rAga, dva eSa, mAyA, lobha, krodhAdi AvegoM ke kAraNa AtmA karma ke baMdhanoM meM baddha ho jAtI hai / vyakti cAhe to apanI AtmA ko isa baMdhana se mukta rakha sakatA hai / use ina vikAroM se hI bacanA hogA | yaha bhI satya hai ki eka bAra Abaddha ho jAne para bhI vaha svayaM apane prayAsa se mukta ho sakatA hai / aise saMkalpadhAriyoM ke lie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yaha saMdeza parama sahAyaka siddha ho sakatA hai ki "AtmA kA hita cAhane vAlA pApakarma bar3hAne vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ina cAra vikAroM ko chor3a de / " krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ye ve mUla kAraNa haiM jinake pariNAmasvarUpa karma astitva meM Ate haiN| jaba ye hI naSTa kara diye jAte haiM to inakI nIMva para avasthita karma-aTTAlikA svataH hI dhvasta ho jAtI hai / krodha ko naSTa karane ke liye kSamA, mAna ko naSTa karane ke lie komalatA kA vyavahAra prabhAvakArI rahatA hai / isI prakAra mAyA para sAdagI se aura lobha para saMtoSa se vijaya prApta kI jA sakatI hai / vastuta: bhAvakarma se dravyakarma aura dravyakarma se bhAvakarma udita hote rahate haiM / yahI zrRMkhalA ajasratA ke sAtha calatI rahatI hai aura pariNAmataH yaha cakra

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150 ] [ karma-siddhAnta abAdhita asAmAnya gati vAlA dikhAyI dene laga jAtA hai| dravya karma bhogate samaya yadi bhAvakarma utpanna hI na hone diye jA~ya tabhI yaha silasilA ruka sakatA hai / pUrvakRta karmoM ke phala bhogate samaya jo karma ho jAte haiM ve punaH AgAmI phaloM kA pUrvanirdhAraNa kara dete haiN| yadi phala bhoga ke samaya hama samabhAva rakheM, unake prati prAtmA meM rAga-dveSa na Ane deM to navIna karma baMdhana astitva meM nahIM aayeNge| ajasra gatizIla pratIta hone vAlA yaha karmacakra ruka jaayegaa| isa prakAra sarvathA karmakSaya kara AtmA anaMtasukha mokSa kI sthiti prApta kara sakatI hai / yaha lakSya manuSya sAdhanA se svayaM hI prApta karatA hai / koI anya zakti use yaha sadgati nahIM pradAna kara sktii| AtmA kA ajeya varcasva karma siddhAnta dvArA sthApita hotA hai| vyakti svayaM hI apanA bhAgya nirmAtA hai| karma usake astra haiN| karmoM ke sahAre vaha svayaM ko jaisA banAnA cAhe banA sakatA hai| savaiyA eka jo nAra zRMgAra kare nita, eka bhare hai paraghara pANI / eka to or3hata pIta pItAmbara, eka jo aor3hata phATI purAnI // eka kahAvata bAMdI bar3AraNa, eka kahAvata hai paTarANI / karma ke phala saba dekha liye, aba hI nahIM cete re mUrakha prANI / / kavitta rujagAra baNe nAMya, dhanna nahIM gharamAMya, khAne ko phikara baha, nAra mAMge gahaNo / leNAyata phira-2 jAya, udhAro milata nAya, AsAmI milyA hai cora, deve nahIM levaNo / / kuputra juvArI bhayA, ghara kharca bar3ha gayA, sapUta putra mara gayA, jyAM ko dukha sahaNo / putrI byAva yoga bhaI,paraNAI sovidhavAthaI, to bhI nA Ayo vairAga, vIne kAMI kevaNo / /

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21 puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA puNya-pApa kA artha evaM vyAkhyA : jaina darzana meM sAmAnyataH " zubhaH puNyasya, azubhaH pApasya / " " kahakara zubha karma ko puNya va azubha karma ko pApa batAyA hai / puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra kare, jisase sukha rUpI phala kI prApti ho / isake viparIta pApa vaha hai jisase AtmA dUSita hotI ho aura duHkha rUpa phala kI prApti ho / puNya se AtmA kA utthAna hotA hai aura vaha mokSa mArga meM sahAyaka hetu hotA hai jabaki pApa AtmA kA patana karatA hai aura mokSa mArga meM bAdhaka banatA hai / vaha ekAnta heya hai / puNya se icchita, iSTa va anukUla saMyoga evaM sAmagrI milatI hai jabaki pApa se pratikUla va aniSTa saMyoga evaM sAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai / puNya kI upAdeyatA - heyatA : AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana hai ki pAramArthika dRSTi se puNya-pApa donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / kAraNa donoM hI antatogatvA bandhana haiM / paM. jayacandrajI ne bhI aisA hI kathana kiyA hai / zrI jazakaraNa DAgA "puNya-pApa doU karama bandha rUpa duha mAni / zuddha AtmA jina laDyo, namu caraNa hita jAni // 3 puNya nizcaya dRSTi se heya hai / isakI puSTi suzrAvaka vinayacandajI ne bhI nimna prakAra kI hai : Jain Educationa International 1 - tattvArtha sUtra pra. 6, sU. 3-4 / 2 - pravacana sAra TIkA 1/72 / 3 - samayasAra TIkA pR. 207 / 4 - vinayacanda caubIsI / "jIva, ajIva, bandha ye tInoM jJeya padAratha jAno / puNya-pApa Asrava parihariye, heya padAratha mAno re // sujJAnI jIvA bhajale re, jina ikavIsavAM ||4|| ". For Personal and Private Use Only

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152 ] [ karma siddhAnta kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se vicAra karane para puNya ko ekAnta heya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / paNya ko 'suzIla' aura pApa ko 'kuzIla' kahA hai|' puNya AtmA ke lie saMsAra-samudra tirane meM jahAja ke samAna upayogI hai| jaise samudra kA taTa Ane para jahAja yAtriyoM ko kinAre utAra detA hai, vaise hI puNya bhI mokSa prApti ke mArga meM sahAyaka ho aMta meM jaba usakI upayogitA nahIM rahatI vaha svataH AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| puNya AtmA kA aMgarakSaka sevaka hai jo mokSa prApti se pUrva taka usakA svAmibhakta sevaka kI taraha pUrA sahayoga karatA hai aura anukUla sAdhana juTAtA hai| jaise miTTI pAtra para lage maila ko sApha kara svayaM maila ke sAtha hI pAtra se dUra ho jAtI hai, vaise hI puNya pApa-karma kA nirAkaraNa kara svayaM dUra ho jAtA hai / isI kathana ko saMskRta meM kahA hai "malaM pAtro pasaMsRSTam , apanIya yathA hi mRt / svayaM vilayaMtAmAti, tathA pApApahaM zubham / / "2 puNya ko sAbuna kI upamA bhI dI jA sakatI hai| jaise sAbuna vastra ke maila ke sAtha svataH chUTa jAtA hai vaise hI puNya, AtmA para lage pApa maila ko dUra kara svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai| jisa taraha eraNDa bIja yA kasTrAyala Adi recaka auSadhi mala ke rahane taka udara meM rahatI hai, mala nikalane para vaha bhI nikala jAtI hai, usI taraha pApa kI samApti ke bAda puNya bhI apanA phala dekara nizcita rUpa se binA Age karma-saMtati ko bar3hAe AtmA se vidA le letA hai| isIlie vyakti ko pApa karma se bacanA Avazyaka hai| jaba vaha azubha karma se Upara uTha jAtA hai to usakA zubha karma bhI (kaSAyAbhAva meM) zuddha karma bana jAtA hai / isI kAraNa kaSAya rahita jo karma pravRtti hotI hai use IryA pathika (zuddha) kahA hai| puNya ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha bhI hai ki puNya kI sadkriyAe~ jaba anAsakta bhAva (kaSAya rahita bhAva) se kI jAtI haiM to ve zubha bandha kA kAraNa na hokara karma kSaya (nirjarA) kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiN| isake viparIta saMvara nirjarA ke kAraNa saMyama aura tapa kI zuddha kriyAe~ bhI jaba Asakta bhAva se phalAkAMkSA (nidAna karake) se kI jAtI haiM to ve karma kSaya kA yA nirvANa kA kAraNa na hokara karma bandhaka aura saMsAra vardhaka bana jAtI haiN| unase phira bhale hI paudgalika sukha bhoga prApta ho jAya kintu ve dravya se saMvaranirjarA kI kriyAe~ hokara bhI bhAva se karma bandhaka ho jAtI haiN| isIlie kahA hai-"je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te aasvaa|"3 karma siddhAnta ke 1-samayasAra 145-46 / 2-amara bhAratI 1/78, pR. 4 / 3-AcArAMga 1/4/2 /

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puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA ] [ 153 anusAra azubha se sIdhe zuddha kI prApti nahIM hotI varan azubha se zubha aura zubha 'zuddha kI prApti hotI hai / isa dRSTi se bhI puNya zuddha kI prApti meM sahAyaka hone se zuddha kI prApti na hone taka upAdeya mAnanA ucita evaM tarkasaMgata hai / kyA puNya-pApa svataMtra tattva haiM ? 'uttarAdhyayana' sUtra meM nava tattvoM ( padArthoM) kA varNana hai, usameM puNya va pApa ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM prarUpita kiyA gayA hai / ' kintu 'tattvArtha sUtra' meM umAsvAti ne puNya-pApa ko chor3a jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, bandha aura mokSa ina sAtoM ko hI tattva prarUpita kiyA hai / digambara jaina paramparA meM ye sAta tattva hI mAne gae haiM / kintu yaha mata bheda vizeSa mahattva kA nahIM hai / kAraNa jo paramparA puNya-pApa ko svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatI hai, vaha unheM Asrava ke antargata svIkAratI hai / yadi sUkSma dRSTi se ciMtana kareM to puNya-pApa mAtra Asrava (AtmA meM karma Ane kA hetu ) hI nahIM varan unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka (phala) bhI hotA hai / ataH Asrava ke mAtra do vibhAga - azubhAsrava aura zubhAsrava karane se uddezya pUrA nahIM hotA varan phira prAsrava ke bandha aura vipAka ke bhI do bheda zubhAzubha ke karane hoMge / isa vargIkaraNa aura bhedAbheda kI kaThinAI se bacane hetu puNya-pApa ko AgamoM meM do svataMtra tattva prarUpita karanA yukti evaM tarkasaMgata lagatA hai / ataH puNya-pApa ko svataMtra tattva hI mAnanA ucita hai / puNya-pApa bandhana ke kAraNa : karma siddhAnta ke anusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa Asrava hai / prasrava zabda kleza yA mala kA bodhaka hai / AtmA meM kleza yA mala hI karma vargaNA ke pudgaloM ko AtmA ke sAtha jor3ane meM hetu hotA hai / isI kAraNa se jaina paramparA meM Asrava kA sAmAnya artha karma vargaraNAoM kA AtmA meM AnA mAnA hai / yaha Asrava bhI do prakAra kA hai - ( i ) bhAvAlava - zrAtmA meM vikArI bhAvoM kA AnA, (ii) dravyAsrava - karma paramANuoM kA zrAtmA meM zrAnA / donoM paraspara kArya-kAraNa sambandha se jur3e haiM / vaise mana, vacana evaM kAyA kI pravRtiyA~ hI zrAsrava haiM / 3 Asrava kA zrAgamana yoga se tathA bandha mithyAtva, avrata, kaSAya va pramAda se hotA hai / 'tattvArtha sUtra' meM Asrava ko do prakAra se isa prakAra bhI kahA hai 1 - uttarA. sU. 28 / 14 / 2-- tattvArtha sUtra 1/4 3- tattvArtha sUtra 6 / 1-2 /

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154 ] - [ karma siddhAnta (i) IryApathika-kaSAya rahita jisameM mAtra yogoM ke spaMdana se kriyA Ave / (ii) sAmparAyika-kaSAya sahita jo kriyAe~ kI jAveM, usase AtmA meM Ane vAlA karmAsrava jo bandha rUpa hotA hai / ' isa sAmparAyika Asrava ke kAraNa kula ar3atIsa haiM jo nimna prakAra haiM : (1-5) hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithuna va parigraha / (6-6) cAra kaSAya (krodha, mAna, mAyA va lobha) / (10-14) pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM kA sevana / (15-38) caubIsa sAmparAyika kriyAe~ (paccIsa kriyAoM meM IryA pathika ko chodd'kr)| puNya-pApa kI samyag avadhAraNA hetu karma prakRtiyA~, unameM puNya va pApa prakRtiyAM kauna-kauna sI haiM ? tathA puNya va pApa prakRtiyoM ke bandha kitane prakAra se hote haiM ? yaha bhI jAnanA Avazyaka hai| ataH saMkSepa meM yahA~ isa para bhI prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| karma prakRtiyAM: mUla ATha karma prakRtiyA~ haiM jinakI kula 158 prakRtiyA~ haiM jo isa prakAra haiMkarmanAma prakRtiyA~ 1. jJAnAvaraNIya-AtmA kI jJAna zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai| jaise sUrya ko meghAcchAdita karatA hai| 2. darzanAvaraNIya-AtmA kI dekhane va anubhava karane kI zakti ko jo kuNThita karatA hai| jaise rAjA ke darzana meM dvArapAla bAdhaka hotA hai| 3. vedanIya -prAtmA kI avyAbAdha sukha zAnti ko bAdhita karatA hai| aura laukika sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana karAtA hai| jaise zahada lagI yA aphIma lagI talavAra ko cakhane se jihvA mIThe-kar3ave kA AsvAdana karate svayaM ghAyala ho jAtI hai| 2-tattvArtha sUtra 6/3-5 / prathe

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puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA ] [ 155 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma -AtmA kI yathArtha dRSTi evaM samyag AcaraNa (sva svabhAva pravartana) kI zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai / jaise madirA sevana vyakti ko be bhAna kara detA hai| -AtmA kI amaratva zakti ko kuNThita kara yoni evaM AyuSya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai / jaise kaidI aura jela kA dRSTAnta / - prAtmA kI amUrtitva zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai / yaha vyaktitva (zarIra racanA sundaraasundara) kA nirmANa karatA hai / jaise citrakAra kA dRSTAnta / -prAtmA kI agurulaghu zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai| yaha prANI ko U~cA-nIcA banAtA hai| jAti, kula, vaMza Adi kI apekSA se / jaise kumbhakAra vibhinna prakAra ke kumbha banAtA hai| -prAtmA kI ananta zakti ko kuNThita karatA hai| yaha upalabdhi meM bAdhaka banatA hai / jaise adhikArI dvArA bhugatAna kA Adeza dene para bhI rokar3iyA bhugatAna meM roka lagA detA hai| 103 7. gotra 8. aMtarAya 5 kula prakRtiyA~ 158 isa prakAra ATha karmoM kI kula 158 avAntara prakRtiyAM haiN| inameM puNya evaM pApa kI prakRtiyoM kA vivaraNa nIce diyA jAtA hai puNya prakRtiyAM-(1) vedanIya kI 1 (sAtA vedanIya), (2) prAyuSya 3 (narakAyu chor3a), (3) nAma 37 [gati 2 (deva, manuSya), paMcendriya 1, zarIra 5, aMgopAMga 3, vajra RSabha saMhanana 1, sama caturasra saMsthAna 1, zubha varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza 4, prAnupUrvI 2 (deva, manuSya), aguru laghu 1, parAghAta 1, uzvAsa 1, AtApa 1, udyota 1, zubha vihAyogati 1, nirmANa 1, tIrthakara 1, trasadazaka 10] (4) gotra 1 (U~ca) / isa prakAra kula 42 puNya prakRtiyA~ (puNya bhogane kI) mAnI gaI haiN| kintu 'tattvArtha sUtra' ke anusAra ukta prakRtiyoM ke alAvA kucha mohanIya karma kI prakRtiyA~ bhI puNya prakRtiyoM meM lI gaI haiN| ve isa prakAra haiM1-nava tattva se /

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156 ] [ karma siddhAnta 'sadvadya samyaktava hAsyarati puruSa veda zubhAyurnAma gotrANi puNyam'' arthAt sAtA vedanIya, samakita mohanIya, hAsya, rati, puruSa veda, zubha Ayu, zubha nAma aura zubha gotra ye puNya prakRtiyA~ haiM, anya saba pApa prakRtiyA~ haiM / puNya prakRtiyA~ bandhane ke hetu : puNya prakRtiyA~ nava prakAra se bandhatI haiM, yathA - ( 1 ) anna puNya - anna dAna . karane se, (2) pAna puNya- pAnI yA pIne kI vastu dene se, (3) vattha puNya - vastra (5) zayana puNya - bichAne ke sAdhana dene karane se, (7) bacana puNya - zubha bacana zubha kArya karane se tathA ( 9 ) namaskAra dene se, (4) layana puNya - sthAna dene se, se, (6) mana puNya-mana se zubha bhAvanA bolane se, (8) kAyA puNya- zarIra se puNya - bar3oM va yogya pAtroM ko namaskara karane se / pApa prakRtiyA~ : kula 82 prakRtiyA~ pApa bhogane kI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM- [ 1 ] jJAnAvaraNIya 5 ( samasta), [2] darzanAvaraNIya ha ( samasta ), [ 3 ] vedanIya 1 (sAtA ), [4] mohanIya 26 ( samakita va mizra mohanIya ko chor3a), [5] AyuSya 1 ( narakAyu) [6] nAma 34 ( 5 saMhanana + 5 saMsthAna + 10 sthAvara dazaka + 2 naraka dvika + 2 tiryaMca dvika + 4 cAra indriya (ekendriya se caturendriya) + 4 azubha varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza + 1 upaghAta + 1 azubha vihAyogati ), [ 7 ] gotra 1 (nIca gotra ), [ 8 ] antarAya 5 ( samasta ) / isa prakAra ye 82 prakRtiyA~ pApa vedana karane kI mAnI gaI haiM / puNya kI 42 aura pApa kI 82 donoM milAkara 124 prakRtiyA~ hotI haiM / zeSa 36 prakRtiyA~ rahatI haiM / inameM 2 prakRti mohanIya kI ( samakita mohanIya va mizra mohanIya) va 32 prakRtiyA~ nAma karma kI (bandhana nAma 15, 5 zarIra saMghAta, 3 varNa, 3 rasa, 6 sparza ) sammilita nahIM kI gaI haiM / darzana mohanIya trika (samakita mizra va mithyAtva mohanIya) kA bandha eka hone se darzana moha kI do prakRtiyA~ chor3a dI gaI haiM tathA nAma karma kI zeSa 32 prakRtiyA~ zubhAzubha chor3akara mAnI gaI haiM jisase inheM puNya-pApa prakRtiyoM meM nahIM liyA gayA hai / puNya-pApa prakRtiyoM para ciMtana karane se spaSTa hotA hai ki tiryaMca Ayu ko puNya prakRti meM liyA hai jabaki tithaMca gati va tiryaMcAnupUrvI ko pApa prakRtiyoM meM / aisA kyoM ? isakA kAraNa yaha pratIta hotA hai ki tiryaMca bhI mRtyu nahIM cAhate / viSThA kA kIr3A bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA / isa apekSA tiryaMcAyu ko puNya prakRti mAnA gayA hai / zeSa jJAnI kaheM, vahIM pramANa hai / 1 - tattvArtha sUtra 8- 26 / 2 - nava tattva se /

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puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA ] pApa prakRti bAndhane ke hetu : pApa prakRtiyA~ 18 prakAra se bandhatI haiM / inheM aThAraha pApa bhI kahate haiM jo isa prakAra haiM- ( 1 ) prANAtipAta, (2) mRSAvAda, (3) adattAdAna, (4) maithuna, (5) parigraha, (6) krodha, (7) mAna, (8) mAyA, (6) lobha, (10) rAga, (11) dveSa, (12) kalaha, (13) abhyAsthAna, ( jhUThA kalaMka lagAnA), (14) paizunya ( cugalI), (15) para parivAda, (16) rati- arati, (17) mAyA-mRSAvAda, (18) mithyA darzana zalya | puNya-pApa ke kucha viziSTa karmabaMdha va unake phala : yaha bhalIbhA~ti samajhane hetu ki puNya-pApa ke vividha karmoM ke kaise pariNAma hote haiM, yahA~ kucha viziSTa udAharaNa jo graMthoM meM milate haiM, diye jAte haiM / (a) zubha ( sukhadAyaka ) karma va unake phala : (i) paropakAra yA gupta dAna se anAyAsa lakSmI milatI hai / (ii) suvidhA dAna se medhAvI hotA hai / [ 157 (iii) rogI, vRddha, glAna Adi kI sevA se zarIra nirogI va svastha milatA hai | (iv) deva, guru, dharma kI viziSTa bhakti se tIrthaMkara gotra kA bandha hotA hai / (v) jIva dayA se sukha - sAmagrI milatI hai / (vi) vItarAga saMyama se mokSa milatA hai jabaki sarAga saMyama deva gati kA kAraNa hotA hai / (ba) azubha ( duHkhadAyaka ) karma va unake phala : (i) hare vRkSoM ke kATane-kaTAne se va pazuoM ke vadha se saMtAna nahIM hotI hai / (ii) garbha galAne se yA girAne se bAMjhapanA prApta hotA hai / (iii) kaMda mUla yA kacce phaloM ko tor3e yA tur3Ave tathA unameM khuzI manAte khAve to garbha meM hI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai yA alpAyuSya vAlA hotA hai / (iv) madhu makkhiyoM ke chAte jalAne yA tur3Ane se yA deva, guru kI nindA se prANI aMdhe, bahare va gUMge hote haiM / (v) para strI puruSa sevana se peTa meM patharI jamatI hai /

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158 ] [ karma siddhAnta (vi) pati ko satAkara satI kA DhoMga karane se bAla vidhavA hotI hai / (vii) niyama lekara bhaMga karane se laghu vaya meM strI/pati kA viyoga hotA hai / (viii) kisI kI saMtAna kA viyoga karane se laghuvaya meM mAtA-pitA mara jAte haiN| (ix) dampatI meM jhagar3A karAne se pati/patnI meM prema nahIM hotA hai| puNya-pApa ke cAra rUpa : puNya-pApa ke svarUpa ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhane hetu inake cAra rUpoM ko bhI samajhanA Avazyaka hai, jo isa prakAra haiM (1) puNyAnubaMdhI puNya-vaha dazA jisameM puNya kA udaya ho aura sAtha hI pravRtti bhI uttama ho jisase aise puNya kA arjana bhI hotA rahe ki jo samujjvala bhaviSya kA kAraNa bane / ' isa prakAra ke jIva vartamAna meM sukhI rahate haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI sukhI hote haiM / yaha jIva ko zubha se zubhatara kI ora le jAtA hai / yaha jJAna sahita aura nidAna rahita, dharma kA AcaraNa karane se ajita hotA hai| arthAt zuddha rIti se zrAvaka yA sAdhu dharma ke pAlana se puNyAnubaMdhI puNya kA arjana hotA hai / isakA mahAnatam phala tIrthakaratva hai tathA usase utaratA phala mokSa pAne vAle cakravartI rUpa hotA hai| zrI haribhadra sUri ne likhA hai-jisake prabhAva se zAzvata sukha aura mokSa rUpa samasta sampadA kI prApti ho aise puNyAnubaMdhI puNya kA manuSyoM ko sabhI prakAra se sevana karanA cAhie arthAt zrAvaka aura sAdhu ke dharma kA vizeSa rUpa se pAlana karanA caahie| (2) pApAnubaMdhI puNya-jo pUrva puNya kA sukha rUpa phala pAte hue vartamAna meM pApa kA anubaMdha kara rahe haiM, ve isa bheda meM Ate haiM / aise prANI pApa karate hue bhI pUrva puNyodaya se sukhI va samRddha hote haiM jisase sAmAnya prANiyoM ko saMdeha hotA hai ki pApa karake bhI sukhI rahate haiM to phira dharma karanA vyartha hai| kintu ve nahIM jAnate ki vartamAna meM jo sukha mila rahA hai vaha pUrva ke puNya kA phala hai / jaba vaha samApta hotA hai to aise prANiyoM kI durgati nizcita hotI hai / hiTalara, musolinI isake jvalanta pramANa haiM / AgamoM meM brahmadatta cakravartI kA udAharaNa AtA hai jo cakravartI hokara bhI pApa kA saMcaya kara naraka meM gyaa| isa prakAra jo puNya vartamAna meM sukha rUpa phala dekara bhI bhaviSya ko duSpravRtti se aMdhakAramaya 1-mokSamArga pR. 574 / 2-zrI haribhadra sUri kRta aSTaka prakaraNa ke 24veM aSTaka meM /

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puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA ] [ 156 banAve, durgati meM le jAve, jIva ko patanonmukha kare, use pApAnubaMdhI puNya kahate haiM / (3) puNyAnubaMdhI pApa - pUrva bhava meM kie pApa rUpa azubha karmoM kA phala pAte hue bhI jo zubha pravRtti se puNya baMdha karAve, use puNyAnubandhI pApa kahate haiM / isa bheda meM caNDakauzika sarpa kA udAharaNa prasiddha hai / pApa kA udaya hote hue bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nimitta se usane zubha bhAvoM meM pravRtti kara zubha kA baMdha kara liyA / pApa sthiti meM rahakara bhI puNya kA arjana kara lenA, bhaviSya ko samujjvala banA lenA, isa bheda kA lakSya hai / naMdana maNiyAra kA jIva meMr3haka bhI isI bheda meM AtA hai jo tiryaMca bhava meM zrAvaka dharma kI sAdhanA kara devagati kA adhikArI banA aura aMta meM mokSa prApta karegA / (4) pApAnubaMdhI pApa - pUrva bhava ke pApa se jo yahA~ bhI duHkhI rahate haiM aura Age bhI duHkha (pApa karma ) kA saMcaya karate haiM / kuttA, billI, siMhAdi hiMsaka va krUra prANI isI bheda meM Ate haiM / taMdula matsya isakA udAharaNa hai jo thor3e se jIvana meM hI sAtavIM nAraka kA baMdha kara letA hai / kasAI Adi bhI isI bheda meM samAhita hote haiM / uparyukta prakAra se puNya-pApa baMdha ke cAra prakAra mAne gae haiN| inameM puNyAnubaMdhI puNya sAdhaka ke lie sarvottama evaM upAdeya hai / pApAnubaMdhI pApa evaM pApAnubaMdhI puNya donoM heya haiM / puNyAnubaMdhI pApa zubha bhaviSya kA nirmAtA hone se vaha bhI sAdhaka ke lie hitakArI hai| jaba taka samasta karma kSaya nahIM hote sabhI jIvoM ko ina cAra bhedoM meM se kisI na kisI bheda meM rahanA hI hotA hai / tattva dRSTi se puNya pApa kI avadhAraNA : tattva dRSTi se vicAra kareM to puNya-pApa donoM hI pudgala kI dazAe~ haiM jo asthAyI, parivartanazIla evaM aMta meM AtmA se vilaga hone vAlI hotI haiM / kahA bhI hai ---- " puNya-pApa phala pAya, harakha-bilakho mata bhAya / yaha pudgala paryAya, upaja, nAsata phira thAya // "" 1 ataH puNyodaya meM harSita honA va pApodaya meM vilApa karanA donoM hI jJAniyoM kI dRSTi meM ucita nahIM hai / puNya-pApa baMdha kA mukhya AdhAra bhAva hai / kaSAyoM kI maMdatA meM puNya prakRtiyoM kA aura tIvra kaSAyoM meM pApa prakRtiyoM kA baMdha hotA hai / zubha adhyavasAyoM meM kaSAya maMda rahatI hai / maMda kaSAya meM yadi yoga pravRtti bhI maMdatama rahe to jaghanya koTi kA zubha baMdha hotA hai aura tIvra, tIvratara 1 - chahaDhAlA /

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160 ] [ karma siddhAnta aura tIvratama rahe to rasa evaM yoga kI tIvratA meM puNya-baMdha bhI madhyama aura utkRSTa zreNI kA hotA hai| jaise jJAna sahita deva guru ke prati bhakti bhAva kI tanmayatA bhI tIrthaMkara gotra baMdhane kA eka kAraNa hai| aise samaya kaSAyoM kI maMdatA kintu yogoM kI tIvratama pravRtti hotI hai jisase zubha kA utkRSTa baMdha ho jAtA hai| ekendriya jIvoM ke kevala kAya-yoga hI hai aura vaha bhI jaghanya prakAra kaa| unameM zubhAzubha adhyavasAya bhI maMda hote haiM kAraNa binA mana ke vizeSa tIvra adhyavasAya nahIM ho sakate / isa kAraNa ve na to itanA puNya arjana kara sakate haiM ki marakara deva ho sakeM aura na itanA pApa arjana kara sakate haiM ki marakara naraka meM cale jAveM / ve sAdhAraNatayA apanI kAyA yA jAti ke yogya hI zubhAzubha karma baMdha karate haiN| yadi adhyavasAyoM kI zuddhi huI to vikalendriya yA paMcendriya ho jAte haiN| vikalendriya bhI mana ke abhAva meM adhika Age nahIM bar3ha skte| puNya-pApa meM bhI bhAva pradhAna hai| bhAvoM ke parivartana se puNya kriyA se pApa aura pApa kriyA se bhI puNya kA baMdha saMbhava hai| kabhI-kabhI zubha bhAva se kiyA kRtya bhI viveka ke abhAva meM azubha pariNAma vAlA ho sakatA hai| jaise devI devatA kI mUrti ke Age pUjA-havana evaM balidAna meM bakarA, pAr3A Adi prANiyoM kA vadha deva pUjA kI zubha bhAvanA se kiyA jAtA hai / vadha karane vAloM kA una bali kie jAne vAle prANiyoM ke prati koI dvaSa bhAva bhI nahIM hotaa| ve apanA dharma mAnate hue prasannatA se bali karate haiN| phira bhI mithyAtva, hRdaya kI kaThoratA, nirdayatA evaM viveka hInatA ke calate unheM prAyaH azubha karma baMdhate haiM / unake tathAkathita zubha vicAroM kA phala atyalpa hone se usakA koI mahattva nhiiN| vivekapUrvaka zubhabhAvoM se dAna dene se puNya baMdha hotA hai| bhale hI dI huI vastu kA durupayoga ho to bhI pApa baMdha kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai / isa sambandha meM eka dRSTAnta mananIya hai| eka seTha ne eka bAbA jogI ko bhojana kI yAcanA karane para seke hue cane die| usa bAbA ne una canoM ko tAlAba meM DAlakara machaliyA~ pakar3IM aura pakAkara khA gayA / sAmAnyataH kathAkAra kahate haiM ki isakA pApa cane dene vAle seTha ko bhI lagA / kintu karma siddhAnta ise nahIM maantaa| seTha ne usa saMnyAsI ko bhUkhA jAnakara usake dvArA yAcanA karane para khAne hetu cane die / vaha bhikhAriyoM ko cane detA thaa| usakA uddezya bhUkhoM kI kSudhA zAnta kara unheM sukhI karanA thA / use yaha AzaMkA hI nayI thI ki eka saMnyAsI hokara itanA

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puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNA ] [ 161 kSudra hogA aura die canoM se machaliyA~ mAregA / ataH vaha isa pApa kA bhAgIdAra nahIM ho sakatA / dAtA ke bhAvoM meM aura kriyA meM isa pApa kI AMzika kalpanA taka bhI nahIM thI / ataH vaha seTha sarvathA nirdoSa hai / jaba mAcisa vikretA se koI mAcisa kharIda kara ghara jalAve to vaha vikretA usake lie aparAdhI nahIM mAnA jAtA, taba zubha bhAva se vivekapUrvaka die hue anukampA dAna ke durupayoga kA pApa dAnadAtA ko kisa prakAra laga sakatA hai ? eka prabuddha varga yaha bhI kathana karatA hai ki jisa taraha pApa se bhautika hAni hotI hai vaise hI puNya se bhautika lAbha hI hotA hai, Atmika lAbha to kucha nahIM hotA phira puNya karma kyoM kie jAveM ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki vastutaH goa se Atmika lAbha kucha nahIM hotA ho, aisA ekAnta niyama nahIM hai / vastutaH puNya se jahA~ bhautika lAbha hote haiM vahA~ prAtmika lAbha bhI / jaise manuSya janma, prArya kSetra, uttama kula, dharma zravaraNa, dharma prApti Adi saba puNya se hI hote haiM / binA manuSya bhava ke jIva dharma sAdhanA hI nahIM kara sakatA / ekendriya, vikalendriyAdi dazAoM meM to jIva dharma kA svarUpa hI nahIM samajha sakatA / jIva ko puNya ke nimitta se uttama sAdhana milane para hI vaha dharma sAdhanA meM gati karatA hai / mAtA marudevI, saMyatI rAjarSi, paradezI rAjA, bhRguputra Adi mithyAtvI the / unheM puNya ke phalasvarUpa hI dharma ke uttama nimitta mile aura ve dharmAtmA bane / anAdi mithyAdRSTi ko jaba prathama bAra samyaktva lAbha hotA hai taba use upazama bhAva ke sAtha puNyodaya kI anukUlatA rahanA Avazyaka hotI hai, isI nimitta se usake darzana mohanIya kA pardA haTatA hai / puNya kriyA ke sAtha yadi vAsanA kA viSa na ho, to usase Atmika lAbha hotA hai aura puNyAnubaMdhI puNya to niyamata: Atmika lAbha pUrvaka hotA hai / anta meM sabhI AtmArthiyoM se nivedana hai ki puNya-pApa kA yathArtha svarUpa jaisA sarvajJa vItarAga bhagavaMtoM ne prarUpita kiyA hai, usa para karma siddhAnta ke pariprekSya meM jAnakArI ke anusAra yatkiMcit prakAza DAlane kA isa lekha meM prayAsa kiyA hai / isameM kucha anyathA likhane meM AyA ho to kRpA kara sUcita karAveM jisase bhUla sudhAra ho sake / karma siddhAnta ke anusAra puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNAoM ko unakI heya, jJeya evaM upAdeyatA kI vastusthitiyoM ko dhyAna meM lAkara unase hama apane jIvana aura samAja ko lAbhAnvita kareM / azubha se zubha aura zubha se zuddha kI ora agrasara hoveM, basa yahI hArdika sadbhAvanA hai /

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jJAnayoga : bhaktiyoga : karmayoga . DaoN0 rAmamUrti tripAThI bhAratIya cintana dhArA mAnavIya vyaktitva meM nihita saMbhAvanAoM kI caritArthatA kA mArga Aropita karane ke pakSa meM nahIM hai-vaha mAnatI hai ki mArga usake svabhAva se nirdhArita hotA hai aura vahI sahI hai| isIlie yahA~ adhyAtma ke kSetra meM mArgoM kA Anantya lakSita hotA hai / saccA evam pariNata-prajJa nirdezaka ziSya kI yogyatA ke anusAra hI dIkSA dAna karatA hai aura usakA mArga nirdhArita karatA hai| marmajJoM kI dhAraNA hai ki mAnava abhAvoM meM 'svabhAva' ko kho to nahIM detA, parantu usa para itanA AvaraNa DAla letA hai ki vaha rahakara bhI 'nahIM' sA ho jAtA hai| svabhAvetara padArthoM ke bodha ke auMdhe aura bahirmukhI srota 'svabhAva-bodha' kI kSamatA ko dabAe hue haiM / AvazyakatA hai ina AvaraNoM ko jIrNa kara usa kSamatA ke anAvaraNa kI, tAki usakI zAzvata bhUkha miTa jAya, kAmya upalabdha ho jAya, svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jaay| svabhAva kI upalabdhi niSedhAtmaka nahIM, vidheyAtmaka hai-vaha duHkha nivRtti rUpa niSedhAtmaka upalabdhi nahIM hai, pratyuta anya-nirapekSa svabhAvAtmaka sukhopalabdhi hai / kahA jAtA hai ki kucha logoM kA svabhAva rukSa (dravIbhAvAnupeta) hotA hai aura kucha logoM kA drviibhaavaatmk| pahalI prakAra kI prakRti vAloM kA mArga 'jJAna mArga' hai-brahma vidyA kA mArga hai aura dUsarI prakAra kI prakRti vAloM kA mArga 'bhakti mArga' hai| brahma vidyA aura bhakti meM madhusUdana sarasvatI ne cAra AdhAroM para bheda kiyA hai-svarUpa, phala, sAdhana aura adhikAra / unhoMne kahA-(1) dravIbhAva pUrvaka mana ko bhagavadAkAra savikalpaka vRtti bhakti hai jabaki dravIbhAvAnupeta advitIya Atma mAtra gocara nirvikalpaka manovRtti brahma vidyA yA jJAna hai| (2) bhagavad guNagarimagrathita graMtha kA zravaNa bhakti kA sAdhana hai jabaki tatvamasi prAdi vedAMta mahAvAkya brahma vidyA kA sAdhana hai| (3) bhagavad viSayaka prema kA prakarSa bhakti kA phala hai jabaki sarvAnartha mUla avidyA nivRtti hI brahmavidyA kA phala hai| (4) bhakti meM prANimAtra kA adhikAra hai jabaki brahma vidyA meM sAdhanacutuSya sampanna paramahaMsa parivrAjaka kA hI adhikAra hai| bhaktimArga svataMtra hai, jJAna-vijJAna sabhI usake AdhIna haiN| bhakta ko bhagavAn prasanna hokara 'buddhi yoga' pradAna karatA hai jisameM brahmavidyA nirapekSa avidyA kA nAza ho jAtA hai| bhakta bhakti usI taraha karatA hai jaise uttama bhojana ko peTU / peTU tRpti ke lie bhojana karatA hai para bhojana kI vividhAkAra pariNatiyAM jAThara agni karatI hai-abhiprAya yaha ki jJAna-vijJAna

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jJAnayoga : bhaktiyoga : karmayoga ] [ 163 bhakta ke lie AnuSaMgika aura anivAya upalabdhi hai - usake lie vaha jJAnamArgiyoM kI taraha bhrama nahIM karatA / vaha to sarvAtmanA ArAdhya ke prati samarpita ho jAtA hai aura ArAdhya kRpA karake vaha svayaM rase upalabdha ho jAtA hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki jise mAnA hai usI meM apane ko Dubo do, lIna kara do - samarpita kara do / use sAdhana se nahIM pAyA jA sakatA, hA~ vaha svayaM hI sAdhana bana jAya aura apane ko upalabdha karA de - yaha saMbhava hai / bhakti vaha tattva hai jo kI nahIM jAtI 'jaihi pai bani Avai ' - ho jAtI hai - jisase bana gaI, bana gaI anyathA prayatna karate raho - niSphala / gajarAja surasari kI viparIta dhAra meM baha jAtA hai- - lAkha prayatna ke bAvajUda jabaki machalI niSprayAsa tara jAtI hai / jJAna se 'svarUpa kA bodha ho jAtA hai, bhakti se 'svarUpa' bodha ke bAda kalpita bheda kI bhUmi para rasa kIr3A calatI rahatI hai / bhakti karma nahIM hai, bhAva hai, jo svarUpa sAkSAtkAra ke anantara zramara hotI hai / jaba taka svarUpa sAkSAtkAra nahIM hai, taba taka avidyA kA sAmrAjya hai / avidyA se ahaMkAra kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai aura 'ahaMkAra vimUDhAtmA rkatA - hamiti manyate ' - ahaMkAra-grasta vyakti svayaM ko kartA mAnatA hai yaha avidyAjanita-ahaMkAra-mUlaka-kartRtva bodha jaba taka rahegA, taba taka jo kucha bhI hogAvaha kartRtva-sApekSa hone se 'karma' hI kahA jAyagA - 'bhakti' nahIM / phalataH vAstavika bhAva rAjya kA udaya pravidyA nivRtti evaM svarUpa- sAkSAtkAra ke bAda hotA hai / yahI 'bhAva' pragAr3ha hokara 'prema' banatA hai - 'bhAvaH sa eva sAndvatmA budhai premA nigadhate' yaha saba kucha citta kI ekatAnatA se saMbhava hai - jo taba taka saMbhava nahIM hai jaba taka malAtmaka AvaraNa jIrNa na ho / malazAnti ke nimitta niSkAma bhAva se karma kA sampAdana apekSita hai / bAta yaha hai ki 'karma' kA tyAga to sarvAtmanA saMbhava hai nahIM / jahA~ maranA, jInA, sAMsa lenA aura chor3anA bhI 'karma' hai - vahAM karma kA svarUpataH tyAga to saMbhava nahIM / saccA karmatyAga phalAsakti kA tyAga hai / karma rUpI bicchU kA DaMka hai - Asakti / isI ke kAraNa AvaraNoM kA honA saMbhava hotA hai / phalata: isI Asakti kA tyAga hone se karma akarma ho jAte haiM - unase AvaraNoM kA AnA baMda ho jAtA hai - zeSa ko jJAnAgni bhasmasAt kara detI hai / anAsakta karma baMdhana nahIM, mukti kA sAdhana bana jAtA hai-- karma yoga bana jAtA hai / gItakAra ne savAla khar3A kiyA ki svabhAva meM pratiSThita ho jAne ke bAda karma chor3a denA cAhiye yA karanA cAhie ? bhagavAn kRSNa ne siddhAnta rUpa meM kahA ki loka saMgraha ke lie svarUpopalabdhi ke bAda bhI karma karanA cAhie / isa prakAra svarUpa sAkSAtkAra se pUrva malApahAra ke nimitta anAsakta bhAva se aura svarUpa sAkSAtkAra ke bAda loka saMgraha ke nimitta karma karate rahanA cAhie / saMkSepa meM yahI jJAnayoga, bhakti yoga aura karmayoga kA Azaya hai /

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23 jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara Izvara kI paratantratA se nirmukta hokara Atma-svAtantrya kI pRSThabhUmi meM satkarmoM kI pratiSThA karanA karmavAda kA pramukha siddhAnta rahA hai| pratyeka vyakti meM AtmA kI parama zakti ko prApta karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna rahatI hai jo avidyA, prakRti, ajJAna, adRSTa, moha, vAsanA, saMskAra Adi ke kAraNa pracchanna ho jAtI hai| mithyAdarzanAdi pariNAmoM se saMyukta hokara jIva ke dvArA jinakA upArjana kiyA jAtA hai ve karma kahalAte haiM-'jIvaM paratantrI kurvantIti karmANi / ' athavA 'mithyAdarzanAdipariNAmaiH kriyante iti karmANi / ' donoM darzanoM kI dRSTi se yahI karma saMsaraNa kA kAraNa hotA hai aura isI ke samUla vinAza ho jAne para nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / bauddhadharma meM karma ko caitasika kahA gayA hai aura vaha citta ke Azrita rahatA hai| jaina dharma meM bhI karma AtmA ke Azraya se utpannaM mAne gaye haiN| jaina dharma meM triyoga (mana, vacana, kAya) ko Asrava aura baMdha tathA saMvara aura nirjarA kA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| bauddhadharma meM bhI karma tIna prakAra ke haiM (1) cetanA karma (mAnasika karma) aura (2-3) cetayitvA karma (kAyika aura vAcika krm)| inheM 'tridaNDa' kahA gayA hai| inameM se manodaNDa hInatama aura sAvadyatama karma mAnA gayA hai| jainadharma kI bhI yahI mAnyatA hai / usameM bIsa AsravoM meM pAMcavAM Asrava yoga Asrava hai| usake tIna bheda hote haiMmanayoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga / isI taraha karma ke tIna rUpa bhI batAye gaye haiM-kRta, kArita aura anumodana / inameM yadyapi tInoM karma samAna doSotpAdaka haiM para kRtakarma apekSAkRta adhika doSI mAnA jAtA hai yadi usake sAtha mana kA saMbaMdha hai| bauddhadharma meM karma kI paripUrNatA ke lie cAra bAtoM kI AvazyakatA batAyI gayI hai (1) prayoga (cetanA karma) arthAt icchA (2) maula prayoga (kArya prAraMbha) (3) maula karmapatha (vijJapti kAyakarma tathA zubha-azubha rUpa avijJapti karma), tathA

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jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda ] (4) pRSTha ( karma karane ke uparAnta zeSa karma) / karma karane kI ye cAra kramika sthitiyA~ haiM / isI taraha karma ke anya prakAra se bhI bheda kiye gaye haiM ( 1 ) vijJapti karma ( kAya - vAk dvArA citta kI abhivyakti) ( 2 ) avijJapti karma (vijJapti se utpanna kuzala - akuzala karma ) [ 165 1 'visuddhimagga' meM karma ko prarUpI kahA gayA hai para 'abhidharmakoza' meM use vijJapti arthAt rUpI va apratidha mAnA gayA hai / sautrAntika darzana karma ko arUpI mAnakara jaina darzana ke samAna use sUkSma mAnatA hai / bauddha darzana meM karma ko mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika mAnakara use vijJapti rUpa kahA hai / unheM 'saMskAra' bhI kahA jAtA hai / ve vAsanA aura avijJapti rUpa bhI haiM / mAnasika saMskAra karma 'vAsanA' kahalAtA hai aura vAcika tathA kAyika saMskAra karma 'avijJapti' mAnA jAtA hai / ye donoM vijJapti aura avijJapti karma bhAvoM ke anusAra zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / jainadharma ke dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI tulanA kisI sImA taka inase kI jA sakatI hai / vAsanA aura avijJapti karma jainadharma kA dravyakarma ( kArmAraNa zarIra ) aura saMskAra tathA vijJapti karma jainadharma kA bhAvakarma mAnA jA sakatA hai / vijJaptivAdI bauddhadharma ko vAsanA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM / prajJAkara gupta ke anusAra sAre kArya vAsanAjanya hote haiM / zUnyavAdI bauddhadarzana meM vAsanA kA sthAna mAyA yA avidyA ko diyA gayA hai / jainadharma ke samAna bauddhadharma meM bhI cetanAkarma ko mukhyakarma mAnA gayA hai / use citta sahagata dharma kahA hai / mAnasika dharma usakI apara saMjJA hai / yaha cetanA citta ko AkAra vizeSa pradAna karatI hai aura pratisandhi (janma) ke _ banAtI hai | cetanA ke kAraNa hI zubhAzubha karma hote haiM aura tadanusAra hI usakA phala hotA hai / yaha manasikAra do prakAra kA hai (1) yonizo manasikAra ( anitya ko anitya tathA anAtmA ko anAtma mAnanA ) (2) yonizo manasikAra ( anitya ko nitya tathA nitya ko anitya mAnanA / inameM prathama samyaktva aura dvitIya mithyAtva karma hai jainadharma kI paribhASA meN| mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika karma ko yahA~ 'yoga' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai / jisase ATha karmoM kA cheda ho ve kRtikarma haiM aura jinase puNyakarma kA saMcaya ho ve citkarma haiM / bauddhadharma ke samAna jainadharma meM bhI cetanAkarma hai jise bhAva vizeSa

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[ karma siddhAnta kahA gayA hai| vaha kuzala-akuzala ke samAna zuddha-azuddha hotI hai| cetanA karma ke do rUpa haiM-darzana aura jJAna / cetanA, anubhUti, upalabdhi aura vedanA ye sabhI zabda samAnArthaka haiM / yonizo manasikAra ko jJAnacetanA aura ayonizo manasikAra ko ajJAnacetanA kaha sakate haiM / samyagdRSTi ko hI jJAnacetanA hotI hai aura mithyAdRSTi ko karma tathA karmaphala cetanA hotI hai| jainadharma ke jJAnAvaraNIya karma aura darzanAvaraNIya karma jaise karma bauddhadharma meM nahIM milate / jJAna aura darzana prAtmA ke guNa haiM / bauddhadharma AtmA ko mAnatA nahIM / ataH ina guNoM ke viSaya meM vahA~ adhika spaSTa vivecana nahIM miltaa| zobhana caitasika vedanIya karma ke antargata rakhe jA sakate haiN| moha, pAhIkya, anapatrApya, auddhatya, lobha, dRSTi, mAna, dveSa, IrSyA, mAtsarya, kokRtya, styAna, middha evaM vicikitsA ye caudaha akuzala caitasika haiM / ina caitasikoM kI tulanA jainadharma ke bhAvakarma se kI jA sakatI hai| mohanIya karma ke antargata ye sabhI bhAvakarma A jAte haiN| bauddhadharma ke akuzala karma mohanIya karma ke bheda-prabhedoM meM samAhita ho jAte haiN| jIvitendriya jainadharma kA Ayukarma hai jise 'sarvacitta sAdhAraNa' kahA gayA hai| nAmakarma kI prakRtiyAM bhI bauddhadharma meM saralatApUrvaka mila sakatI haiN| zobhana caitasikoM meM zraddhA Adi zobhana sAdhAraNa, sammA vAcA Adi tIna viratiyA~ tathA karuNA, muditA do aprAmAnya caitasika jainadharma ke samyagdarzana ke guNoM meM dekhe jA sakate haiN| akuzala karmoM kI samApti hone para hI sAdhaka zraddhA, smRti, hrI, apabhApya, alobha, adveSa, tatramadhyasthatA Adi guNoM kI prApti karatA hai| aise hI samaya samyagdarzana pragaTa hotA hai| yahA~ darzana kA artha zraddhA hai aura sapta tattvoM para bhalI prakAra jJAnapUrvaka zraddhA karanA hI samyagdarzana haiM / donoM dharmoM meM zraddhA ko prAthamikatA dI gaI hai| eka meM samyagdarzana hai to dUsarA use hI sammAdiTThI kahatA hai| yahA~ 'samyak' zabda vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM jur3A huA hai jo padArthoM ke yathArtha jJAnamUlaka zraddhA ko prastuta karatA hai| samyagdarzana ke niHzaMkita, niHkAMkSita Adi pATha aMga zobhana caitasikoM ko aura spaSTa kara dete haiM / ye vastutaH samyagdRSTi ke citta kI nirmalatA ko sUcita karate hue usakI vizeSatAoM ko batAte haiM / ___ abhidhammatthasaMgaho ke prakIrNaka saMgraha meM citta caitasikoM kA saMyukta varNana kiyA gayA hai| citta-caitasikoM ke vividha rUpa kisa-kisa prakAra se paraspara mizrita ho sakate haiM, ise yahA~ vedanA, hetu, kRtya, dvAra, AlaMbana tathA vastu kA AdhAra lekara spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vedanA saMgraha ke sukha, duHkha, saumanasya, daurmanasva aura upekSA ko hama vedanIya karma ke bheda-prabhedo meM niyojita kara sakate haiM / anukaMpA, dAna, pUjA, pratiSThA, vaiyAvRtti Adi karma sAta vedanIya karma haiM aura

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jaina-bauddha darzana meM karmavAda ] [ 167 duHkha, zoka, tApa, aAkrandana, badha, paridevana Adi karma asAtA vedanIya karma haiM / kRtya saMgraha meM nirdiSTa pratisaMdhi, bhavaMga Avarjana, darzana, zravaNa-ghrANa, AsvAdana, sparza, saMvaricchana Adi sabhI citta-caitasika ke kArya haiM / inheM jainadharma ke zabdoM meM karmayukta prAtmA ke paspinda kaha sakate haiN| bauddhadharma meM karma ke bheda aneka prakAra se kiye gaye haiM / bhUmicatuSka aura pratisaMdhi catuSka kA saMbaMdha jIva athavA citta ke pariNAmoM para AdhArita agrima gatiyoM meM janma lene se hai| kuzala-akuzala cetanA ke AdhAra para bauddhadharma meM janakakarma, upaSTambhaka karma (maraNAntakAla meM bhAvoM ke anusAra gati prAptika), upapIr3aka karma (karma vipAka ko gaharA karane vAlA) tathA upaghAtaka karma (karmaphala ko samUla naSTa karane vAlA) ye cAra bheda kiye gaye haiN| ye bheda vastutaH karma kI taratamatA para AdhArita haiN| kisI viSaya vizeSa se inakA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| pAkadAna paryAya kI dRSTi se garuka, Asanna Adi catuSka karma samaya para AdhArita haiM / vipAka catuSka karma bhI cAra haiM-dRSTadharmavedanIya upapadyavedanIya, aparaparyAyavedanIya aura ahosikarma / inheM hama prakRtibaMdha, sthitibaMdha aura anubhAgabaMdha ke sAtha tulanA kara sakate haiN| jainadharma meM varNita pradezabaMdha jaisA viSaya bauddhadharma meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| ___ jaina-bauddhadharma meM akuzala karmoM meM moha aura tajjanya mithyAdaSTi kA sthAna pramukha hai / mithyAdRSTi ko hI dUsare zabdoM meM 'zIlavata parAmarza' kahA gayA hai / jainadharma isI ko 'mithyAtva' saMjJA detA hai| sabase bar3A aMtara yaha hai ki jaina dharma AtmavAdI dharma hai jabaki bauddhadharma anAtmavAdI dharma hai / bauddhadharma prAtmavAda ko mithyAtva kahatA hai jabaki jainadharma prAtmavAda ko| isake bAvajUda anta meM calakara donoM eka hI sthAna para pahuMcate haiN| jainadharma aura bauddhadharma donoM pUrNataH karmavAdI dharma haiM isalie donoM dharmoM aura unake dArzanikoM ne karma kI sayuktika aura gaMbhIra vivecanA kI hai / donoM kA karmasAhitya bhI kAphI samRddha hai / prastuta laghu nibaMdha meM itane vistRta viSaya ko samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to eka mahAprabaMdha kA viSaya hai / ataH yahA~ itanA hI kahanA abhidheya rahA hai ki donoM dharmoM ke paribhASita zabdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAye to hama pAyeMge ki unake ciMtana kA viSaya to eka hai para zailI aura bhASA bhinna hai /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa 0 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina karma kA azubhatva, zubhatva evaM zuddhatva : yadyapi jaina dRSTi se 'karmaNA badhyatejantuH' kI ukti ThIka hai lekina jainAcAra darzana meM sabhI karma athavA kriyAe~ samAna rUpa se bandhana kAraka nahIM haiN| usameM do prakAra ke karma mAne gaye haiM, eka ko karma kahA gayA hai dUsare ko akarma, samasta sAmparAyika kriyAe~ karma kI zreNI meM AtI haiM aura iryApathika kriyAe~ akarma kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| yadi naitika darzana kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to prathama prakAra ke karma hI naitikatA ke kSetra meM Ate haiM aura dUsare prakAra ke karma naitikatA ke kSetra se pare haiN| unheM atinaitika kahA jA sakatA hai| lekina naitikatA ke kSetra meM Ane vAle sabhI karma bhI eka samAna nahIM hote haiM unameM se kucha zubha aura kucha azubha hote haiM / jaina paribhASA meM inheM kramazaH puNya karma aura pApa karma kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-1. iryApathika karma (akarma), 2. puNya karma aura 3. pApa karma / bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI tIna prakAra ke karma mAne gaye haiM-1. avyakta yA prakRSNa azukla karma, 2. kuzala yA zukla karma aura 3. akuzala yA kRSNakarma / gItA bhI tIna prakAra ke karma batAtI hai-1. akarma, 2. karma (kuzala karma) aura 3. vikarma (akuzala karma) jaina vicAraNA kA iryApathika karma bauddha darzana kA avyakta yA akRSNa-akuzala azukla karma tathA gItA kA akarma hai / isI prakAra jaina vicAraNA kA puNya karma bauddha darzana kA kuzala (zukla) karma tathA gItA kA sakAma sAtvika karma yA kuzala karma aura jaina vicAraNA kA pApa karma bauddha darzana kA akuzala (kRSNa) karma tathA gItA kA vikarma hai| __ pAzcAtya naitika darzana kI dRSTi se bhI karma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM1. atinaitika, 2. naitika, 3. anaitika / jaina vicAraNA kA iryApathika karma atinaitika karma hai, puNya karma naitika karma hai, aura pApa karma anaitika karma hai| gItA kA akarma atinaitika zubha karma yA karma naitika aura vikarma anaitika hai| bauddha vicAraNA meM anaitika, naitika aura atinaitika karma ko kramazaH akuzala, kuzala aura avyakta karma athavA kRSNa, zukla aura akRSNa, azukla karma kahA gayA hai| inheM nimna tulanAtmaka tAlikA se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai :

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 166 bauddha gItA karma pAzcAtya AcAra jaina darzana 1. zuddha atinaitika karma iryApathika karma 2. zubha naitika karma puNya karma avyakta karma akarma kuzala (zukla) karma (kuzala karma karma) akuzala (kRSNa) vikarma karma 3. azubha anaitika karma pApa karma AdhyAtmika yA naitika pUrNatA ke lie hameM kramaza: azubha karmoM se zubha karmoM kI ora, zubha karmoM se zuddha karmoM kI ora bar3hanA hogA / Age hama isI krama se una para thor3I adhika gaharAI se vivecana kreNge| azubha yA pApa karma : jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki vaiyaktika sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAle, jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura Atma zaktiyoM kA kSaya kare vaha pApa hai|' sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo parapIr3A yA dUsaroM ke duHkha kA kAraNa ho vaha pApa hai (pApAya parapIr3ana) vastutaH jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisakA phala aniSTa prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane kI dRSTi se kie jAte haiM pApa karma haiM / mAtra itanA hI nahIM sabhI prakAra kA durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ bhI pApa karma haiN| pApa yA akuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa : jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM :-1. prANAtipAtahiMsA, 2. mRSAvAda-asatya bhASaNa, 3. adattAdAna-caurya karma, 4. maithuna-kAma vikAra yA laiMgika pravRtti, 5. parigraha-mamatva, mUrchA, tRSNA yA saMcaya vRtti, 6. krodha-gussA, 7. mAna-ahaMkAra, 8. mAyA-kapaTa, chala, SaDayaMtra aura kUTanIti, 9. lobha-saMcaya yA saMgraha kI vRtti, 10. rAga-Asakti, 11. dveSa-ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA Adi, 12. kleza-saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi, 13. abhyAkhyAna-doSAropaNa, 14. pizunatA-cugalI, 15. paraparivAda-paraniMdA, 16. rati-arati-harSa aura zoka, 17. mAyA mRSA-kapaTa sahita asatya bhASaNa, 18. mithyAdarzanazalya-ayathArtha zraddhA yA jIvana dRSTi / 1-abhi0 rA0 khaNDa 5, pRSTha 876 / 2-bola saMgraha, bhAga 3, pRSTha 182 /

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170 ] bauddha dRSTikoNa : bauddha darzana meM kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika AdhAra para nimna 10 prakAra ke pApoM yA akuzala karmoM kA varNana milatA hai : :-9 (a) kAyika pApa (ba) vAcika pApa : 1. prANAtipAta - hiMsA, 2. adannAdAna - corI yA steya, 3. kAmesu - micchAcAra, kAmabhoga sambandhI durAcAra, [ karma siddhAnta : 4. mRSAvAda - zrasatya bhASaNa, 5. pisunAvAcA - pizuna vacana, 6. parusAvAcA kaThora vacana, 7. samphalApa - vyartha AlApa, ( sa ) mAnasika pApa : 8. abhijjA-lobha, 6. vyApAda - mAnasika hiMsA yA ahita ciMtana, 10. micchAdiTThI - mithyA dRSTikoNa | abhidhamma saMgAho meM nimna 14 akuzala caitasika batAe gae haiM : 1. mohacitta kA andhApana, mUr3hatA, 2. ahirika nirlajjatA, 3. anottapayaM-a- bhIktA (pApa karma meM bhaya na mAnanA) 2, 4. uddhaccaM - uddhatapana, caMcalatA, 5. lobhotRSNA, 6. diTThi - mithyA - dRSTi, 7. mAno - ahaMkAra, 8. doso -dveSa, 6. issAIrSyA (dUsare kI sampatti ko na saha sakanA), 10. macchariyaM - mAtsparya (apanI sampatti ko chipAne kI pravRtti), 11. kukkucca - kaukRtya ( kRta-akRta ke bAre meM pazcAttApa ), 12. thInaM, 13. middha, 14. vicikicchA - vicikitsA (saMzayAlupala) / gotAkA dRSTikoNa: gItA meM bhI jaina aura bauddha darzana meM svIkRta ina pApAcaraNoM yA vikarmoM kA ullekha sampadA ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / 'gItA rahasya' meM tilaka ne manu smRti ke AdhAra para nimna dasa prakAra ke pApAcaraNa kA varNana kiyA hai / (a) kAyika : 1. hiMsa, 2. corI, 3. vyabhicAra / (ba) vAcika Jain Educationa International : 4. mithyA (asatya), 5. tAnA mAranA, 6. kaTuvacana, 7. asaMgata bolanA / ( sa ) mAnasika : 8. paradravya abhilASA, 6. ahita cintana, 10. vyartha Agraha / 1 - bauddha bhA0 va0, pRSTha 480 | 2 - abhidhammatya saMgaho, pRSTha 16 - 20 / 3 - manusmRti 12 / 5-7 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] pApa ke kAraNa : : jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra pApakarma kI utpatti ke sthAna tIna haiN| . 1 rAga yA svArtha, 2. dveSa yA ghRNA aura 3. moha yA ajJAna / prANI rAga, dveSa aura moha se hI pApa karma karatA hai / buddha ke anusAra bhI pApa karma kI utpatti ke sthAna tIna haiM - 1. lobha (rAga), 2. dveSa aura 3. moha / gItA ke anusAra kAma (rAga) aura krodha hI pApa ke kAraNa haiM / puNya (kuzala karma ) : puNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai / mana, zarIra aura bAhya pariveza ke madhya santulana banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai / puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tatvArtha sUtrakAra kahate haiMzubhAtraya puNya hai / lekina jaisA ki hamane dekhA puNya mAtra prAsrava nahIM hai varan vaha bandha aura vipAka bhI hai / dUsare vaha mAtra bandhana yA heya hI nahIM hai varan upAdeya bhI hai / ata: aneka AcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai / AcArya hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM - puNya (azubha) karmoM kA lAghava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai / isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA dyotaka hai / puNya ke nirvAraNa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA prAcArya abhayadeva kI sthAnAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai / AcArya abhayadeva kahate haiM puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA kI ora le jAtA hai / prAcArya kI dRSTi meM puNya prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM sahAyaka tattva hai| muni suzIlakumAra 'jaina dharma' nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiMpuNya mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke liye anukUla vAyu hai jo naukA ko bhavasAgara se zIghra pAra kara detI hai / jaina kavi banArasIdAsajI kahate haiM jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase AtmA UrdhvamukhI hotA hai arthAt AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai aura jisase isa saMsAra meM bhautika samRddhi aura sukha milatA hai hI puNya hai / [ 171 jaina tattva jJAna ke anusAra puNya karma ke anusAra puNya karma ve zubha pudgalaH paramANu haiM jo zubha vRttiyoM evaM triyAnoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, zubha 1 ---tattvArtha0, pRSTha 6/4 / 2 - yogazAstra 4 /107 / 3--sthAnAMga TI. 1/11-12 / 4 - jaina dharma, pRSTha 84-10 /

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172 ] [ karma siddhAnta vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika, mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiM / AtmA kI ve manodazAe~ evaM kriyAe~ bhI jo zubha pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiM bhI puNya kahalAtI haiM / sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala paramANu jo ina zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura apane prabhAva se Arogya, sampatti evaM samyak zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke avasara upasthita karate haiM puNya kahe jAte haiM / zubha manovRttiyA~ bhAva puNya haiM aura zubha pudgala paramANu dravya puNya haiM / puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa : bhagavatI sUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha pravRttiyoM ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa mAnA hai / ' sthAnAMga sUtra meM nava prakAra ke puNya batAe gae haiM / 1. anna puNya 2. pAna puNya 3. layana puNya 4. zayana puNya 5. vastra puNya 6. mana puNya 7. 8. ha. vacana puNya kAya puNya namaskAra puNya : bhojanAdi dekara kSudhArtta kI kSudhA nivRtti karanA / : tRSA ( pyAsa) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilAnA / : nivAsa ke liye sthAna denA, dharmazAlAe~ Adi banavAnA / : zayyA, bichaunA Adi denA / : vastra kA dAna denA / : mana se zubha vicAra karanA / jagata ke maMgala kI zubha kAmanA karanA / : prazasta evaM saMtoSa dene vAlI vANI kA prayoga karanA / : rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA karanA / : gurujanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie unakA abhivAdana karanA / bauddha AcAra darzana meM bhI puNya ke isa dAnAtmaka svarUpa kI carcA milatI hai / saMyukta nikAya meM kahA gayA hai - anna, pAna, vastra, zayyA, Asana evaM cAdara dAnI paNDita puruSa meM puNya kI dhArAe~ A giratI haiM / abhidhammatya saMgaho meM (1) zraddhA, (2) apramattatA (smRti), (3) pApa karma ke prati lajjA, (4) pApa karma ke prati bhaya, (5) pralobha (tyAga), (6) adveSa-maitrI, (7) samabhAva, ( 8-9 ) mana aura zarIra kI prasannatA, ( 10-11 ) mana aura zarIra kA halakApana, ( 12-13 ) mana aura zarIra kI mRdutA, (14-15) mana aura zarIra kI saralatA Adi ko bhI kuzala caitasika kahA gayA hai | 3 Jain Educationa International 1 - bhagavatI, 7/10/12 / 3 - abhidhammatya saMgaho ( caitasika vibhAga ) / 2 - sthAnAMga & / For Personal and Private Use Only

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 173 1 jaina aura bauddha vicAraNA meM puNya ke svarUpa ko lekara vizeSa antara yaha hai / jaina vicAraNA meM saMvara, nijarA aura puNya meM antara kiyA gayA hai / jabaki bauddha vicAraraNA meM aisA spaSTa antara nahIM hai / jainAcAra darzana meM samyak darzana, (zraddhA) samyak jJAna, (prajJA) aura samyak cAritra ( zIla) ko saMvara aura nirjarA ke antargata mAnA gayA hai / jabaki bauddha AcAra darzana meM dharma, saMgha aura buddha ke prati dRr3ha zraddhA, zIla aura prajJA ko bhI puNya ( kuzala karma ) ke antargata mAnA gayA hai / puNya aura pApa ( zubha aura azubha) kI kasauTI : zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate haiM / (1) karma kA bAhya svarUpa tathA samAja para usakA prabhAva, (2) dUsarA kartA kA abhiprAya / ina donoM meM kauna sA AdhAra yathArtha hai yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai / gItA aura bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA zrAdhAra mAnA gayA / gItA spaSTa rUpa se kahatI hai jisameM kartRtva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI buddhi nirlipta hai, vaha ina saba logoM ko mAra bhI DAle tathApi yaha samajhanA cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana meM AtA hai / ' dhammapada meM buddha vacana bhI aisA hI hai / naiSkarmya sthiti ko prApta brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajA sahita rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jItA hai / bauddha darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI puNya pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / isakA pramANa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke Adraka . bauddha samvAda meM bhI milatA hai / jahA~ taka jaina mAnyatA kA prazna hai vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumArajI likhate haiM- zubha-azubha karma ke baMdha kA mukhya AdhAra manovRttiyA~ hI haiM / eka DaoNkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cAne ke lie usakA vraNa cIratA hai, usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAe parantu DaoNkTara to pApa karma ke bandha kA hI bhAgI hogA / isake viparIta vahI DaoNkTara karuNA se prerita hokara vraNa cIratA hai auaura kadAcita usase rogI kI mRtyu ho jAtI hai to bhI DaoNkTara apanI zubha bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA hai / prajJAcakSu paMDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM - puNya bandha aura pApa bandha kI saccI. kasauTI kevala Upara kI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI Azaya hI hai / kartA kA 1 - gItA 18 / 17 / 2- - dhammapada 246 / 3 - sUtrakRtAMga 2/6/27-42 / 4 - jaina dharma, pRSTha 160 / 5- darzana aura cintana : khaNDa 2, pRSTha 226 /

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174 ] [ karma siddhAnta ina kathanoM ke AdhAra para to yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina vicAraNA meM bhI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra manovRttiyoM ho haiN| phira bhI jaina vicAraNA meM karma kA bAhya svarUpa upekSita nahIM hai| yadyapi nizcaya daSTi kI apekSA se manovRttiyA~ hI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA ko nirNAyaka haiM tathApi vyavahAra dRSTi meM karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI sAmAnyatayA zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM ArdrakakumAra bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue kahate haiM jo mAMsa khAtA ho cAhe na jAnate hue bhI khAtA ho to bhI usako pApa lagatA hI hai / hama jAnakara nahIM khAte isalie hama ko doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA aisA kahanA ekadama asatya nahIM to kyA hai ?' __ isase yahAM yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina dRSTi meM manovRtti ke sAtha hI karmoM kA bAhya svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| vAstava meM sAmAjika dRSTi yA loka vyavahAra meM to yahI pramukha nirNAyaka hotA hai / sAmAjika nyAya meM to karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI usakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai kyoMki Antarika vRtti ko vyakti svayaM jAna sakatA hai dUsarA nhiiN| jaina dRSTi ekAMgI nahIM hai / vaha samanvayavAdI aura sApekSavAdI hai| vaha vyakti sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA nirNAyaka mAnatI hai aura samAja sApekSa hokara karmoM ke bAhya svarUpa para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI hai| usameM dravya (bAhya) aura bhAva (AMtarika) donoM kA mUlya hai / usameM yoga (bAhya kriyA) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, yadyapi usameM manovRtti hI prabala kAraNa hai / vaha vRtti aura kriyA meM vibheda nahIM mAnatI hai| usakI samanvayavAdI dRSTi meM manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, yaha sambhava nahIM hai| mana meM zubha bhAva hote hue pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai / vaha eka samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai mana meM satya ko samajhate hue bhI bAhara se dUsarI bAteM (azubhAcaraNa) karanA kyA saMyamI puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai ? usakI dRSTi meM siddhAnta aura vyavahAra meM antara Atma-pravaMcanA aura loka chalanA hai / mAnasika hetu para hI jora dene vAlI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai-karma bandhana kA satya jJAna nahIM batAne vAle isa vAda ko mAnane vAle kitane hI loga saMsAra meM phaMsate rahate haiM ki pApa lagane ke tIna sthAna haiM svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se, dUsaroM ke kArya kA anumodana karane se / parantu yadi hRdaya pApa mukta ho to ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile / yaha vAda ajJAna hai, mana se pApa ko pApa samajhate hue jo doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha saMyama (vAsanA nigraha) meM zithila hai| parantu bhogAsakta loga ukta bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e rahate haiM / 1-sUtrakRtAMga 2/6/27-42 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/24-27-26 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 175 pAzcAtya AcAra darzana meM bhI sukhavAdI vicAraka kama kI phalazruti ke AdhAra para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karate haiM jabaki mArTinyU karma preraka para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai / jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra ina donoM pAzcAtya vicAraNAoM meM apUrNa satya rahA huA hai / eka kA AdhAra loka dRSTi yA samAja dRSTi hai / dUsarI kA AdhAra paramArtha dRSTi yA zuddha dRSTi hai / eka vyAvahArika satya hai aura dUsarA pAramArthika satya / naitikatA vyavahAra se paramArtha kI ora prayANa hai ataH usameM donoM kA hI mUlya hai / karma ke zubhAzubhatva nirNaya kI dRSTi se karma ke hetu aura pariNAma ke prazna para gaharAI se vivecana jaina vicAraNA meM kiyA gayA hai / cAhe hama kartA ke abhiprAya ko zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAneM, yA karma ke samAja para hone vAle pariNAma ko / donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kisa prakAra kA karma puNya karma yA ucita karma kahA jAvegA aura kisa prakAra kA karma pApa karma yA anucita karma kahA jAvegA yaha vicAra Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya cintana meM puNya-pApa kI vicAraNA ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pramukha hai / jahA~ karma akarma kA vicAra vyakti sApekSa hai, vahA~ puNyapApa kA vicAra samAja sApekSa hai / jaba hama karma, akarma yA karma ke bandhanatva kA vicAra karate haiM to vaiyaktika karma preraka yA vaiyaktika cetanA kI vizuddhatA ( vItarAgatA ) hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra banatI hai lekina jaba hama puNya-pApa kA vicAra karate haiM to samAja kalyANa yA lokahita hI hamAre nirNaya kA zrAdhAra hotA hai / vastutaH bhAratIya cintana meM jIvanAdarza to zubhAzubhatva kI sImA se Upara uThanA hai usa sandarbha meM vItarAga yA anAsaktaM jIvana dRSTi kA nirmANa hI vyakti kA parama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai aura vahI karma ke bandhakatva yA abandhakatva kA pramApaka hai / lekina jahA~ taka zubha-azubha kA sambandha hai usameM 'rAga' yA Asakti kA tattva to rahA huA hai / zubha aura azubha donoM hI rAga yA Asakti to hotI hI hai anyathA rAga ke abhAva meM karma zubhAzubha se Upara uThakara pratinaitika hogA / yahA~ pramukhatA rAga kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI nahIM varan usakI prazastatA yA aprazastatA kI hai / prazasta rAga zubha yA puNya bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura aprazasta rAga azubha yA pApa bandha kA kAraNa hai / rAga kI prazastatA usameM dva eSa ke tattva kI kamI ke AdhAra para nirbhara hotI hai / yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM tathApi jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI alpa aura kama tIvra hogI vaha rAga utanA prazasta hogA aura jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA aura tIvratA jitanI adhika hogI vaha utanA hI prazasta hogA / dveSavihIna vizuddha rAga yA prazasta rAga hI prema kahA jAtA hai / usa prema

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176 ] [ karma siddhAnta se parArtha yA paropakAra vRtti kA udaya hotA hai jo zubha kA sRjana karatI hai / usI se loka maMgalakArI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNya karma nisRta hote haiM / jabaki dveSa yukta aprazasta rAga hI ghRNA ko janma dekara svArtha vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai usase azubha, amaMgalakArI pApa karma nisRta hote haiM / saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke pIche prema aura parArtha hote haiM vaha puNya karma aura jisa karma ke pIche ghRNA aura svArtha hote haiM vaha pApa karma / jaina AcAra darzana puNya karmoM ke vargIkaraNa meM jina tathyoM para adhika bala detA hai ve sabhI samAja sApekSa haiM / vastutaH zubha-azubha ke vargIkaraNa meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pradhAna hai / bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi meM puNya aura pApa kI samagna cintanA kA sAra nimna kathana meM samAyA huA hai ki "paropakAra puNya hai aura para-pIr3ana pApa hai|" jaina vicArakoM ne puNya bandha ke dAna, sevA Adi jina kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unakA pramukha sambandha sAmAjika kalyANa yA loka maMgala se hai| isI prakAra pApa ke rUpa meM jina tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ve sabhI loka amaMgalakArI tattva haiN|' isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM jahA~ taka zubha-azubha yA puNya-pApa ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai hameM sAmAjika sandarbha meM hI use dekhanA hogA / yadyapi bandhana kI dRSTi se usa para vicAra karate samaya kartA ke Azaya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM prAcaraNa ke zubhatva kA AdhAra : yadyapi yaha satya hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA nirNaya anya prANiyoM yA samAja ke prati kie gae vyavahAra athavA dRSTikoNa ke sandarbha meM hotA hai / lekina anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA kauna sA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa zubha hogA aura kaunasA vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa azubha hogA isakA nirNaya kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAe ? bhAratIya cintana ne isa sandarbha meM jo kasauTI pradAna kI hai, vaha yahI hai ki jisa prakAra kA vyavahAra hama apane lie pratikUla samajhate haiM vaisA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA yahI zubhAcaraNa hai aura isake viparIta jo vyavahAra hameM pratikUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati nahIM karanA azubhAcaraNa hai| bhAratIya RSiyoM mAtra kA yahI sandeza hai ki "prAtmanaH pratikUlAni peraSAM mA samAcareta" jisa AcaraNa ko tuma apane lie pratikUla samajhate ho vaisA AcaraNa dUsaroM ke prati mata kro| saMkSepa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati prAtmavat dRSTi hI vyavahAra ke zubhatva kA pramANa hai| 1-dekhiye 18 pApa sthAna, pratikramaNa sUtra /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 177 jaina dRSTikoNa: ___ jaina darzana ke anusAra jisakI saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai vahI naitika karmoM kA sraSTA hai / ' dazavakAlika sUtra meM kahA gayA hai samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai vaha pApa karma kA bandha nahIM karatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM dharmAkarma (zubhAzubhatva) ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA yahI dRSTikoNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / sabhI ko jIvita rahane kI icchA hai, koI bhI maranA nahIM cAhatA, sabhI ko prANa priya hai, sukha zAntiprada hai aura duHkha pratikUla hai| isalie vahI AcaraNa zreSTha hai jisake dvArA kisI bhI prANa kA hanana nahIM ho / bauddha darzana kA dRSTikoNa : bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI sarvatra Atmavat dRSTi ko hI karma ke zubhatva kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai / sutanipAta meM buddha kahate haiM-jaisA maiM hU~ vaise hI ye dUsare prANI bhI haiM aura jaise ye dUsare prANI haiM vaisA hI maiM hU~ / isa prakAra sabhI ko apane samAna samajhakara, kisI kI hiMsA yA ghAta nahIM karanA caahie|5 dhammapada meM bhI buddha ne yahI kahA hai ki-sabhI prANI daNDa se Darate haiM, mRtyu se sabhI bhaya khAte haiM, sabako jIvana priya hai ataH sabako apane samAna samajhakara na mAre aura na mArane kI preraNA kareM / sukha cAhane vAle prANiyoM ko, apane sukha kI cAha se jo duHkha detA hai vaha marakara sukha nahIM pAtA / lekina jo sukha cAhane vAle prANiyoM ko, apane sukha kI cAha se duHkha nahIM detA vaha mara kara sukha ko prApta hotA hai| gItA evaM mahAbhArata kA dRSTikoNa : manusmRti, mahAbhArata aura gItA meM bhI hameM isI dRSTikoNa kA samarthana milatA hai / gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sukha aura duHkha sabhI meM dUsare prANiyoM ke prati aAtmavat dRSTi rakhakara vyavahAra karatA hai vahI paramayogI hai|" mahAbhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para isa dRSTikoNa kA samarthana hameM milatA hai| 1-anuyogadvAra sUtra 126 / 2-dazavai0 4/6 / 3-sUtrakRtAMga 2/2/4 pRSTha 104 / 4-dazavai0 6/11 / 5-suttanipAta 37/27 / 6-dhammapada 126-131-133 / 7-gItA 6/32 /

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178 ] [ karma siddhAnta usameM kahA gayA hai ki jo jaisA apane lie cAhatA hai vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsare ke prati bhI kare / ' tyAga-dAna-sukha-duHkha, priya-apriya sabhI meM dUsare ko apanI AtmA ke samAna mAna kara vyavahAra karanA cAhie / jo vyakti dUsare prANiyoM ke prati apane samAna vyavahAra karatA hai vahI svarga ke sukhoM ko prApta karatA hai / jo vyavahAra svayaM ko priya lagatA hai vaisA hI vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati kiyA jaae| he yudhiSThara dharma aura adharma ko pahicAna kA yaho lakSaNa hai|4 pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa : pAzcAtya darzana meM bhI sAmAjika jIvana meM dUsaroM ke prati vyavahAra karane kA yahI dRSTikoNa svIkRta hai ki jaisA vyavahAra tuma apane lie cAhate ho vaisA hI dUsare ke lie karo / kAnTa ne bhI kahA hai ki kevala usI niyama ke anusAra kAma karo jise tuma eka sArvabhauma niyama bana jAne ko icchA kara sakate ho| mAnavatA cAhe vaha tumhAre andara ho yA kisI anya ke sadaiva se sAdhya banI rahe, sAdhana kabhI na ho / kAnTa kA isa kathana kA Azaya bhI yahI nikalatA hai ki naitika jIvana ke saMdarbha meM sabhI ko samAna mAnakara vyavahAra karanA caahie| zubha aura azubha se zuddha kI ora : jaina vicAraNA meM zubha evaM azubha athavA maMgala-amaMgala kI vAstavikatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM nava tattva mAne gaye haiM jisameM puNya aura pApa ko svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM ginA gyaa| jabaki tattvArtha sUtra meM umAsvAti ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ina sAtoM ko hI tattva kahA hai| vahA~ para puNya aura pApa kA svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM sthAna nahIM hai| lekina yaha vivAda adhika mahattvapUrNa pratIta nahIM hotA kyoMki jo paramparA unheM svataMtra tattva nahIM mAnatI hai vaha bhI unako Asrava va bandha tattva ke antargata to mAna letI hai / yadyapi puNya aura pApa mAtra Asrava nahIM haiM varan unakA bandha bhI hotA hai aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ataH Asrava ke do vibhAga zubhAsraya aura azubhAsraya karane se kAma pUrNa nahIM hotA varan bandha aura vipAka meM bhI do-do bheda karane hoNge| isa vargIkaraNa kI kaThinAI se bacane ke lie hI pApa evaM puNya ko do svataMtra tattva ke rUpa meM mAna liyA hai| 1-ma0 bhA0 zA0 258/21 / 2-3-ma0 bhA0 anu0 113/6-10 / 4-ma0 bhA0 subhASita saMgraha se uddhRta / 5-nIti sarva, pRSTha 268 se uddhRta / 6-uttarA0 28/14 / 7-tattvArtha0 1/4 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 176 phira bhI jaina vicAraNA nirvAraNa mArga ke sAdhana ke lie donoM ko heya aura tyAjya mAnatI hai kyoMki donoM hI bandhana kA kAraNa haiM / vastutaH naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubhAzubha yA puNya-pApa se Upara uTha jAne meM hai / zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) kA bheda jaba taka banA rahatA hai naitika pUrNatA nahIM prAtI hai / azubha para pUrNa vijaya ke sAtha hI vyakti zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM sthita ho jAtA hai / jaina dRSTikoNa : RSibhAMsita sUtra meM RSi kahatA hai pUrvakRta puNya aura pApa saMsAra-saMtati ke mUla haiM / ' AcArya kundakunda puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnate hue bhI donoM ke bandhakatva kA antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiM / samayasAra grantha meM ve kahate haiM azubha karma pApa ( kuzIla) aura zubha karma puNya (suzIla) kahe jAte haiM / phira bhI puNya karma bhI saMsAra (bandhana) kA kAraNa hotA hai / jisa prakAra svarNa ber3I bhI loha ber3I ke samAna hI vyakti ko bandhana meM rakhatI hai / usI prakAra jIva kRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI bandhana kA kAraNa hote haiM / 2 zrAcArya donoM ko hI AtmA kI svAdhInatA meM bAdhaka mAnate haiM / unakI dRSTi meM puNya svarNa ber3I hai aura pApa loha ber3I / phira bhI prAcArya puNya ko svarNa ber3I kahakara usakI pApa se kiMcita zreSThatA siddha kara dete haiM / prAcArya amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki pAramArthika dRSTikoNa se puNya aura pApa donoM meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki antatogatvA donoM hI bandhana haiM / isI prakAra paM0 jayacandrajI ne bhI kahA hai " puNya pApa doU karama, baMdharUpa dui mAni / zuddha AtmA jina lahyo, vaMdU carana hita jAni // 4 aneka jainAcAryoM ne puNya ko nirvANa ke lakSya, dRSTi se heya mAnate hue bhI use nirvANa kA sahAyaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai / yadyapi nirvANa kI sthiti ko prApta karane ke lie antatogatvA puNya ko chor3anA hotA hai phira bhI vaha nirvAraNa meM ThIka usI prakAra sahAyaka hai jaise sAbuna, vastra ke maila ko sApha karane meM sahAyaka hai / zuddha vastra ke lie sAbuna kA lagA honA jisa prakAra anAvazyaka hai use bhI alaga karanA hotA hai, vaise hI nirvANa yA zuddhAtma dazA meM puNya kA. honA bhI anAvazyaka hai / use bhI kSaya karanA hotA hai / lekina jisa prakAra sAbuna maila ko sApha karatA hai aura maila kI saphAI hone para svayaM alaga ho jAtA hai 1 - isi0 6 / 2 / 2 - samayasAra 145-146 / 3 - pravacanasAra TIkA 1/72 / 4 - samayasAra TIkA pRSTha 207 /

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180 ] [ karma siddhAnta vaise hI puNya bhI pApa rUpa mala ko alaga karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai aura usake alaga ho jAne para svayaM bhI alaga ho jAtA hai| jisa prakAra eraNDa bIja yA anya recaka auSadhi mala ke rahane taka rahatI hai aura mala nikala jAne para vaha bhI nikala jAtI hai vaise hI pApa kI samApti para puNya bhI apanA phala dekara samApta ho jAte haiN| ve kisI bhI nava karma saMtati ko janma nahIM dete haiM / ataH vastutaH vyakti ko azubha karma se bacanA hai / jaba vaha azubha (pApa) karma se Upara uTha jAtA hai usakA zubha karma bhI zuddha karma bana jAtA hai / dveSa para pUrNa vijaya pA jAne para rAga bhI nahIM rahatA hai ataH rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM usase jo karma nisRta hote haiM ve zuddha (iryApathika) hote haiN| ___ puNya (zubha) karma ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha hai ki puNyopArjana kI uparokta kriyAe~ jaba anAsaktabhAva se kI jAtI haiM to ve zubha bandha kA kAraNa na hokara karmakSaya (saMvara aura nirjarA) kA kAraNa bana jAtI haiN| isI prakAra saMvara aura nirjarA ke kAraNa saMyama aura tapa jaba AsaktabhAva phalAkAMkSA (nidAna arthAt unake pratiphala ke rUpa meM kisI nizcita phala kI kAmanA karanA) se yukta hote haiM to ve karma kSaya athavA nirvANa kA kAraNa na hokara bandhana kA hI kAraNa banate haiN| cAhe vaha sukhada phala ke rUpa meM kyoM nahIM hoN| jainAcAra darzana meM anAsakta bhAva yA rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara kiyA gayA zuddha kArya hI mokSa yA nirvANa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura Asakti se kiyA gayA zubha kArya bhI bandhana kA hI kAraNa samajhA gyaa| yahA~ para gItA kI anAsakta karma yoga kI vicAraNA jaina darzana ke atyanta samIpa A jAtI hai| jaina darzana kA antima lakSya AtmA ko azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubha se zuddha karma (vItarAga dazA) ko prApti hai / AtmA kA zuddhopayoga hI jaina naitikatA kA antima sAdhya hai| bauddha dRSTikoNa : bauddha darzana bhI jaina darzana ke samAna naitika sAdhanA kI antima avasthA meM puNya aura pApa donoM se Upara uThane kI bAta kahatA hai aura isa prakAra samAna vicAroM kA pratipAdana karatA hai| bhagavAn buddha suttanipAta meM kahate haiM jo puNya aura pApa ko dUra kara zAMta (sama) ho gayA hai, isa loka aura paraloka ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAna kara (karma) raja rahita ho gayA hai, jo janma-maraNa se pare ho gayA hai, vaha zramaNa sthira, sthitAtmA kahalAtA hai / ' sabhiya parivrAjaka dvArA buddha vaMdanA meM puna: isI bAta ko doharAyA gayA hai / vaha buddha ke prati kahatA hai 'jisa prakAra sundara puNDarIka kamala pAnI meM lipta nahIM hotA usI prakAra zuddha puNya aura pApa donoM meM lipta nahIM hote| isa prakAra hama 1-suttanipAta 32/11 / 2-suttanipAta 32/38 /

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jaina, bauddha zraura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 181 dekhate haiM ki bauddha vicAraNA kA bhI antima lakSya zubha aura azubha se Upara uThanA hai / gItA kA dRSTikoNa: svayaM gItAkAra ne bhI yaha saMketa kiyA hai ki mukti ke lie zubhAzubha donoM prakAra ke karma phaloM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai / zrIkRSNa svayaM kahate haiM arjuna ! tU jo bhI kucha karma karatA hai, jo kucha khAtA hai, jo kucha havana karatA hai, jo kucha dAna detA hai, athavA tapa karatA hai, vaha sabhI zubhAzubha karma mujhe arpita kara de arthAt unake prati kisI prakAra kI Asakti yA kartRtva bhAva mata rakha / isa prakAra saMnyAsa yoga se yukta hone para tU zubhAzubha phala dene vAle karma bandhana se chUTa jAvegA aura mujhe prApta hovegA / ' gItAkAra spaSTa rUpa se yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki zubha karma aura azubha karma donoM hI bandhana haiM aura mukti ke lie unase Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai / buddhimAna vyakti zubha aura azubha yA puNya aura pApa donoM ko hI tyAga detA hai| sacce bhakta kA lakSaNa batAte hue puna: kahA gayA hai ki jo zubha aura azubha donoM kA parityAga kara cukA hai| arthAt jo donoM se Upara uTha cukA hai vaha bhaktiyukta puruSa mujhe priya hai / DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan ne gItA ke paricayAtmaka nibandha meM bhI isI dhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA / ve prAcArya kundakunda ke sAtha sama svara hI kahate haiM-- cAhe hama acchI icchAtroM ke bandhana meM bandhe hoM yA burI icchAoM ke haiM / isase kyA antara par3atA hai ki jina jaMjIroM meM hama bandhe haiM ve lohe kI / 4 jaina darzana ke samAna gItA bhI hameM yahI batAtI hai ki prathamataH jaba puNya karmoM ke sampAdana dvArA pApa karmoM kA kSaya kara diyA jAtA hai tadanantara vaha puruSa rAga-dveSa ke dvandva se mukta hokara dRr3ha nizcaya pUrvaka merI bhakti karatA hai / isa prakAra gItA bhI naitika jIvana ke lie azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubha karma se zuddha yA niSkAma karma kI ora bar3hane kA saMketa detI hai / gItA kA antima lakSya bhI zubhAzubha se Upara niSkAma jIvana-dRSTi kA nirmANa hai / bandhana to donoM hI sone kI haiM yA pAzcAtya dRSTikoNa : pAzcAtya AcAra darzana meM aneka vicArakoM ne naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA ke lie zubhAzubha se pare jAnA Avazyaka mAnA hai / breDale kA kahanA hai ki 1 - gItA 6 / 28 / 2 - gItA 2/50 / 3 - gItA 12 / 16 / 4 - bhagavat gItA (rA0 ) pRSTha 56 / 5 - gItA 7/28 /

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182 ] [ karma siddhAnta naitikatA hameM usase pare le jAtI hai / ' naitika jIvana ke kSetra meM zubha aura azubha kA virodha banA rahatA hai lekina Atma pUrNatA kI avasthA meM yaha virodha nahIM rahanA caahie| ata: pUrNa Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke lie hameM naitikatA ke kSetra (zubhAzubha ke kSetra) se Upara uThanA hogaa| breDale ne naitikatA ke kSetra se Upara dharma (AdhyAtma) kA kSetra mAnA hai / usake anusAra naitikatA kA anta dharma meM hotA hai / jahA~ vyakti zubhAzubha ke dvandva se Upara uThakara Izvara se tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anta meM hama aise sthAna para pahu~ca jAte haiM, jahA~ para kriyA evaM prakriyA kA anta hotA hai, yadyapi sarvottama kriyA sarvaprathama yahA~ se hI Arambha hotI hai| yahA~ para hamArI naitikatA Izvara se tAdAtmya meM carama avasthA meM phalita hotI hai aura sarvatra hama usa amara prema ko dekhate haiM, jo sadaiva virodhAbhAsa para vikasita hotA hai, kintu jisameM virodhAbhAsa kA sadA ke lie anta ho jAtA hai / 2 braDale ne jo bheda naitikatA aura dharma meM kiyA vaisA hI bheda bhAratIya darzanoM ne vyAvahArika naitikatA aura pAramArthika naitikatA meM kiyA hai / vyAvahArika naitikatA kA kSetra zubhAzubha kA kSetra hai| yahA~ AcaraNa kI dRSTi samAja sApekSa hotI hai aura loka maMgala hI usakA sAdhya hotA hai| pAramArthika naitikatA kA kSetra zuddha cetanA (anAsakta yA vItarAga jIvana dRSTi) kA hai, yaha vyakti sApekSa hai| vyakti ko bandhana se bacAkara mukti kI ora le jAnA hI isakA antima sAdhya hai| zuddha karma (akarma) : zuddha karma kA tAtparya usa jIvana vyavahAra se hai jisameM kriyAe~ rAga-dveSa se rahita hotI hai tathA jo AtmA ko bandhana meM nahIM DAlatA hai / abandhaka karma hI zuddha karma hai / jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke prAcAra darzana isa prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karate haiM ki AcaraNa (kriyA) evaM bandhana ke madhya kyA sambandha hai ? kyA karmaNA badhyate jantuH kI ukti sarvAMza satya hai ? jaina, bauddha evaM gItA kI vicAraNA meM yaha ukti ki karma se prANI bandhana meM AtA hai sarvAMza yA nirapekSa satya nahIM hai / prathamataH karma yA kriyA ke sabhI rUpa bandhana kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM haiM phira yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AcaraNa evaM kriyA ke hote hue bhI koI bandhana nahIM ho / lekina yaha nirNaya kara pAnA ki bandhaka karma kyA hai aura prabandhaka karma kyA hai, atyanta hI kaThina hai / gItA kahatI hai karma (bandhaka karma) kyA hai ? aura akarma (abandhaka karma) kyA hai ? isake sambandha meM vidvAn bhI 1-ithikala sTaDIja, pRSTha 314 / 2-ithikala sTaDIja, pRSTha 342 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 183 mohita ho jAte haiM / ' karma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA jJAna atyanta gahana viSaya hai| yaha karma samIkSA kA viSaya atyanta gahana aura duSkara kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara hameM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI milatA hai / usameM batAyA gayA hai ki karma, kriyA yA AcaraNa samAna hone para bhI bandhana kI dRSTi se ve bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke ho sakate haiM / mAtra AcaraNa, karma yA puruSArtha ko dekhakara yaha nirNaya denA sambhava nahIM hotA hai, ki vaha naitika dRSTi se kisa prakAra kA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI samAna vIratA ko dikhAte hue (arthAt samAna rUpa se karma karate hue) bhI adhUre jJAnI aura sarvathA ajJAnI kA, cAhe jitanA parAkrama (puruSArtha) ho, para vaha azuddha hai aura karma bandhana kA kAraNa hai, parantu jJAna evaM bodha sahita manuSya kA parAkrama zuddha hai aura use usakA kucha phala nahIM bhoganA par3atA / yogya rIti se kiyA huA tapa bhI yadi kIrti ko icchA se kiyA gayA ho to zuddha nahIM hotaa| karma kA bandhana kI dRSTi se vicAra usake bAhya svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, usameM kartA kA prayojana, kartA kA viveka evaM dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~ bhI mahattvapUrNa tathya haiM aura karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra karane meM vidvat varga bhI kaThinAI meM par3a jAtA hai| karma meM kartA ke prayojana ko jo ki eka Antarika tathya hai, jAna pAnA sahaja nahIM hotA hai| lekina phira bhI kartA ke lie jo ki apanI manodazA kA jJAtA bhI hai yaha Avazyaka hai ki karma aura akarma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajhe kyoMki usake prabhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| gItA meM kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM ki maiM tujhe karma ke usa rahasya ko batAU~gA jise jAnakara tU mukta ho jaavegaa| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki naitika vikAsa ke lie bandhaka aura prabandhaka karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai / bandhakatva kI dRSTi se karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke sambandha meM samAlocya AcAra darzanoM kA dRSTikoNa nimnAnusAra hai| jaina darzana meM karma-akarma vicAra : karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usa para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-(1) usakI bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para aura (2) usakI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra para / karma kA bandhanAtmaka zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki kucha karma bandhana meM DAlate haiM jabaki kucha karma bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bandhaka karmoM ko karma aura prabandhaka karmoM ko prakarma kahA jAtA hai / jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma ke yathArtha svarUpa kI 1-gItA 4/16 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/22-24 / 3-gItA 4/16 /

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184 ] [ karma siddhAnta vivecanA sarvaprathama AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM milatI hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha karma ko vIrya ( puruSArtha ) kahate haiM, kucha akarma ko vIrya ( puruSArtha ) kahate haiM / ' isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai jabaki dUsare vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM niSkriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai / isa sambandha meM mahAvIra apane dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue, yaha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki karma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA evaM akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA kA abhAva aisA nahIM mAnanA cAhie | ve atyanta sImita zabdoM meM kahate haiN| pramAda karma hai, apramAda akarma hai / pramAda ko karma aura apramAda ko akarma kahakara mahAvIra yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki akarma niSkriyatA kI avasthA nahIM, vaha to satata jAgarukatA hai / apramatta avasthA yA Atma jAgRti kI dazA meM sakriyatA akarma hotI hai jabaki pramatta dazA yA Atma- jAgRti ke prabhAva meM niSkriyatA bhI karma ( bandhana) bana jAtI hai / vastuta: kisI kriyA kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM varan usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya bhAvoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI sthiti para nirbhara hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra rAga-dva eSa evaM kaSAya jo ki AtmA kI pramatta dazA hai kisI kriyA ko karma banA dete haiM / lekina kaSAya evaM Asakti se rahita kiyA huA karma-akarma bana jAtA hai / mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jo prasrava yA bandhana kAraka kriyAe~ haiM ve hI anAsakti evaM viveka se samanvita hokara mukti ke sAdhana bana jAtI haiM / isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma apane bAhya svarUpa kI apekSA kartA ke viveka aura manovRtti para nirbhara hote haiM / jaina vicAraNA meM bandhakatva kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai / (1) iryApathika kriyAe~ ( akarma) aura ( 2 ) sAmparAyika kriyAe~ ( karma yA vikarma) iryApathika kriyAe~ niSkAma vItarAga dRSTi sampanna vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM jo bandhana kAraka nahIM hai jabaki sAmparAyika kriyAe~ Asakta vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM jo bandhana kAraka haiM / saMkSepa meM ve samasta kriyAe~ jo Asrava evaM bandha kA kAraNa haiM, karma haiM aura ve samasta kriyAe~ jo saMvara evaM nirjarA kA hetu haiM karma haiM / jaina dRSTi meM akarma yA iryApathika karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha rahita hokara mAtra kartRtva athavA zarIra, nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA karma / jabaki karma kA artha hai rAga-dveSa evaM moha sahita kriyAe~ / jaina darzana ke anusAra jo kriyA vyApAra rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta hotA hai bandhana meM DAlatA hai aura isalie vaha karma hai aura jo kriyA vyApAra rAga-dva eSa aura moha se rahita hokara kartavya nirvAha yA zarIra nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai vaha bandhana kA kAraNa 1 - sutrakRtAMga 1 / 8 /1-2 / 2 - sUtrakRtAMga 1/8/3 / 3 - AcArAMga 1/4/2/1 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 185 nahIM hai ata: akarma hai / jinheM jaina darzana meM iryApathika kriyAe~ yA akarma kahA gayA hai unheM bauddha paramparA anupacita, avyakta yA akRSNa, azukla karma kahatI hai aura jinheM jaina paramparA sAmparAyika kriyAe~ yA karma kahatI haiM unheM bauddha paramparA upacita karma yA kRSNa-zukla karma kahatI hai / Ae~, jarA isa sambandha meM vistAra se vicAra kreN| bauddha darzana meM karma-akarma kA vicAra : ___ bauddha vicAraNA meM bhI karma aura unake phala dene kI yogyatA ke prazna ko lekara mahAkarma vibhaMga meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jisakA ullekha zrImatI sUmAdAsa guptA ne apane prabandha "bhArata meM naitika darzana kA vikAsa" meM kiyA hai|' bauddha darzana kA pramukha prazna yaha hai ki kauna se karma upacita hote haiN| karma ke upacita se tAtparya saMcita hokara phala dene kI kSamatA ke yogya hone se hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karma ke bandhana kAraka hone se hai / bauddha paramparA kA upacita karma jaina paramparA ke viSayodayI karma se aura bauddha paramparA kA anupacita karma jaina paramparA ke pradezodayI karma (ipithika karma) se tulanIya hai| mahAkarma vibhaMga meM karma kI kRtyatA aura upacitatA ke sambandha ko lekara karma kA eka caturvida vargIkaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 1. ve karma jo kRta (sampAdita) nahIM haiM lekina upacita (phala pradAtA) haiM-vAsanAoM ke tIvra Avega se prerita hokara kiye gaye aise karma saMkalpa jo kArya rUpa meM pariNita na ho pAye haiM, isa varga meM Ate haiN| jaise kisI vyakti ne krodha yA dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara kisI ko mArane kA saMkalpa kiyA ho lekina vaha use mArane kI kriyA ko sampAdita na kara sakA ho| 2. ve karma jo kRta haiM lekina upacita bhI haiM-ve samasta aicchika karma jinako saMkalpa pUrvaka sampAdita kiyA gayA hai, isa koTi meM Ate haiN| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki akRta upacita karma aura kRta upacita karma donoM zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| 3. ve karma jo kRta haiM lekina upacita nahIM haiM-abhidhammakoSa ke anusAra nimna karma kRta hone para upacita nahIM hote haiM arthAt apanA phala nahIM dete haiM :(a) ve karma jinheM saMkalpa pUrvaka nahIM kiyA gayA hai arthAt jo sacintya nahIM haiM, upacita nahIM hote haiN| 1-DevalapamenTa Apha mArala philAsaphI ina iMDiyA, pRSTha 168-174 /

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186 ] [ karma siddhAnta ( ba ) ve karma jo sacintya hote hue bhI sahasAkRta haiM, upacita nahIM hote haiM / inheM hama zrAkasmika karma kaha sakate haiM / Adhunika manovijJAna meM inheM vicAra prerita karma (AiDiyA moTara ekTIviTI) kahA jA sakatA hai | bhrAnti vaza kiyA gayA karma bhI upacita nahIM hotA / ( sa ) (da) kRta karma ke karane ke pazcAt yadi anutApa yA glAni ho to usakA prakaTana karake pApa virati kA vrata lene se kRta karma upacita nahIM hotA / (I) zubha kA abhyAsa karane se tathA Azraya bala se ( buddha ke zaraNAgata ho jAne se ) bhI pApa karma upacita nahIM hotA / 4. ve karma jo kRta bhI nahIM haiM aura upacita bhI nahIM haiM-svapnAvasthA for gae karma isI prakAra ke hote haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM prathama do vargoM ke karma prANI ko bandhana meM DAlate haiM lekina antima do prakAra ke karma prANI ko bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiM / bauddha prAcAra darzana meM bhI rAga-dva eSa aura moha se yukta hone para karma ko bandhana kAraka mAnA jAtA hai jabaki rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita karma ko bandhana kAraka nahIM mAnA jAtA hai / bauddha darzana bhI rAga-dveSa aura moha rahita arhata ke kriyA vyApAra ko bandhana kAraka nahIM mAnatA hai / aise karmoM ko prakRSNa - prazukla yA vyakta karma bhI kahA gayA hai / gItA meM karma-karma kA svarUpa : gItA bhI isa sambandha meM gaharAI se vicAra karatI hai ki kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka aura kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka nahIM hai ? gItAkAra karma ko tIna bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kara detA hai / (1) karma, (2) vikarma, (3) akarma | gItA ke anusAra karma aura vikarma bandhana kAraka haiM jabaki akarma bandhana kAraka nahIM haiM / (1) karma - phala kI icchA se jo zubha karma kiye jAte haiM, usakA nAma karma hai | (2) vikarma - samasta azubha karma jo vAsanAoM kI pUrti ke lie kie jAte haiM, vikarma haiN| sAtha hI phala kI icchA evaM azubha bhAvanA se jo dAna, tapa, sevA Adi zubha karma kiye jAte haiM ve bhI vikarma kahalAte haiN| gItA meM kahA gayA

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 187 hai jo tapa mUr3hatApUrvaka haTha se mana, vANI, zarIra kI pIr3A sahita athavA dUsare kA aniSTa karane kI nIyata se kiyA jAtA hai vaha tApasa kahalAtA hai|' sAdhAraNatayA mana, vANI evaM zarIra se hone vAle hiMsA, asatya, corI Adi niSiddha karma mAtra hI vikarma, samajhe jAte haiM, parantu ve bAhya rUpa se vikarma pratIta hone vAle karma bhI kabhI kartA kI bhAvanAnusAra karma yA akarma ke rUpa meM badala jAte haiM / Asakti aura ahaMkAra se rahita hokara zuddha bhAva evaM mAtra kartavya buddhi se kiye jAne vAle hiMsAdi karma (jo dekhane meM vikarma se pratIta hote haiM) bhI phalotpAdaka na hone se akarma hI haiM / (3) akarma-phalAsakti rahita ho apanA kartavya samajha kara jo bhI karma kiyA jAtA hai usa karma kA nAma akarma hai| gItA ke anusAra paramAtmA meM abhinna bhAva se sthita hokara kartApana ke abhimAna se rahita puruSa dvArA jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha mukti ke atirikta anya phala nahIM dene vAlA hone se akarma prakarma kI artha vivakSA para tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra : '' jaisA ki hamane dekhA jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke prAcAra darzana, kriyA vyApAra ko bandhakatva kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTa dete haiN| (1) bandhaka karma aura (2) prabandhaka karma / prabandhaka kriyA vyApAra ko jaina darzana meM akarma yA iryApathika karma / bauddha darzana meM akRSNa-azukla karma yA avyakta karma tathA gItA meM akarma kahA gayA hai / prathamataH sabhI samAlocya AcAra darzanoM kI dRSTi meM akarma karma-prabhAva nahIM hai / jaina vicAraNA ke zabdoM meM karma prakRti ke udaya ko samajha kara binA rAga-dveSa ke jo karma hotA hai, vaha akarma hI hai| mana, vANI, zarIra kI kriyA ke prabhAva kA nAma hI akarma nhiiN| gItA ke anusAra vyakti kI manodazA ke AdhAra se kriyA na karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA kriyA tyAga rUpa akarma bhI karma bana sakatA hai| aura kriyAzIla vyaktiyoM kA karma bhI akarma bana sakatA hai / gItA kahatI hai karmendriyoM kI saba kriyAoM ko tyAga, kriyA rahita puruSa jo apane ko sampUrNa kriyAoM kA tyAgI samajhatA hai, usake dvArA prakaTa rUpa se koI kAma hotA huA na dIkhane para bhI tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha rahane ke kAraNa usase vaha tyAga rUpa karma hotA hai| usakA vaha tyAga kA abhimAna yA Agraha akarma ko bhI karma banA detA hai| isI prakAra kartavya prApta 1-gItA 17/16 / 2-gItA 18/17 / 3-gItA 3/10 / 4-gItA 3/6 /

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188 ] [ karma siddhAnta hone para bhaya yA svArtha vaza kartavya karma se muMha mor3anA, vihita karmoM kA tyAga kara denA Adi meM bhI karma nahIM hote, parantu isa akarma dazA meM bhI bhaya yA rAga bhAva akarma ko bhI karma banA detA hai| jabaki anAsakta vRtti aura kartavya kI dRSTi se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai / vaha rAga-dveSa ke abhAva ke kAraNa akarma bana jAtA hai / upayuMkta vivecanA se spaSTa hai ki karma aura akarma kA nirNaya kevala zArIrika kriyAzIlatA yA niSkriyatA se nahIM hotA / kartA ke bhAvoM ke anusAra hI karmoM kA svarUpa banatA hai| isa rahasya ko samyak rUpeNa jAnane vAlA hI gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM manuSyoM meM buddhimAna yogI hai| sabhI vivecya prAcAra darzanoM meM karma-akarma vicAra meM vAsanA, icchA yA kartRtva bhAva hI pramukha tattva mAnA gayA hai / yadi karma ke sampAdana meM vAsanA, icchA yA kartRtva buddhi kA bhAva nahIM hai to vaha karma bandhaka kAraka nahIM hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bandhana kI dRSTi se vaha karma-akarma bana jAtA hai, vaha kriyA akriyA ho jAtI hai| vastutaH karma-akarma vicAra meM kriyA pramukha tattva nahIM hotI hai, pramukha tattva hai, kartA kA cetana pakSa / yadi cetanA jAgrata hai, apramatta hai, vizuddha hai, vAsanA zUnya hai, yathArtha dRSTi sampanna hai to phira kriyA kA bAhya svarUpa adhika mUlya nahIM rakha sktaa| pUjyapAda kahate haiM "jo Atma tattva meM sthira hai vaha bolate hue bhI nahIM bolatA hai, calate hue bhI nahIM calatA hai, dekhate hue bhI nahIM dekhatA hai / " AcArya amRtacandra sUrI kA kathana hai rAgAdi (bhAvoM) se mukta yukta AcaraNa karate hue yadi hiMsA (prANaghAta) ho jAve to vaha hiMsA nahIM hai| arthAt hiMsA aura ahiMsA, pApa aura puNya bAhya pariNAmoM para nirbhara nahIM hote haiM varan usameM kartA kI cittavRtti hI pramukha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai-bhAvoM se virakta jIva zoka rahita ho jAtA hai, vaha kamala patra kI taraha saMsAra meM rahate hue bhI lipta nahIM hotaa| gItAkAra bhI isI vicAra dRSTi ko prastuta karate hue kahatA hai jisane karma phalAsakti kA tyAga kara diyA hai, jo vAsanA zUnya hone ke kAraNa sadaiva hI AkAMkSA rahita hai aura prAtma tattva meM sthira hone ke kAraNa pAlambana rahita hai, vaha kriyAoM ko karate hue bhI kucha nahIM karatA hai / gItA kA akarma jaina darzana ke saMvara aura nirjarA se bhI tulanIya hai / jisa prakAra jaina darzana meM saMvara evaM nirjarA ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA samasta kriyA vyApAra mokSa kA hetu hone se akarma hI mAnA gayA hai| usI prakAra gItA meM bhI phalAkAMkSA se rahita hokara IzvarIya Adeza ke pAlanArtha jo niyata karma kiyA jAtA hai vaha akarma hI mAnA 1 - gItA 18/7 / 2-gItA 4/18 / 3-iSTopadeza 41 / 4-puruSArtha0 45 / 5-uttarA0 32/66 / 6-gItA 4/20 /

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jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 186 gayA hai / donoM meM jo vicAra sAmya hai vaha eka tulanAtmaka adhyetA ke lie kAphI mahattvapUrNa hai / gItA aura jainAgama AcArAMga meM milane vAlA nimna vicAra sAmya bhI vizeSa rUpeNa draSTavya hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai| 'agrakarma aura mUla karma ke bhedoM meM viveka rakhakara hI karma kara / ' aise karmoM kA kartA hone para bhI vaha sAdhaka niSkarma hI kahA jAtA hai / niSkarmatA ke jIvana upAdhiyoM kA prAdhikya nahIM hotA, laukika pradarzana nahIM hotA / usakA zarIra mAtra yoga kSetra kA ( zArIrika kriyAnoM) vAhaka hotA hai / " gItA kahatI hai Atma vijetA, indriyajita sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhane vAlA vyakti karma kA kartA hone para niSkarma kahA jAtA hai / vaha karma se lipta nahIM hotA / jo phalAsakti se mukta hokara karma karatA hai vaha naiSThika zAnti prApta karatA hai / lekina jo phalAsakti se bandhA huA hai vaha kucha nahIM karatA huA bhI karma bandhana se bandha jAtA hai / " gItA kA uparokta kathana sUtrakRtAMga ke nimna kathana se bhI kAphI nikaTatA rakhatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai mithyA dRSTi vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha phalAsakti se yukta hone ke kAraNa azuddha hotA hai aura bandhana kA hetu hai / lekina samyak dRSTi vAle vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha zuddha hai kyoMki vaha nirvANa kA hetu hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki donoM hI AcAra darzanoM meM karma kA artha niSkriyatA to vivakSita nahIM hai lekina phira bhI tilakajI ke anusAra yadi isakA artha niSkAma buddhi se kiye gaye pravRttimaya sAMsArika karma mAnA jAya to vaha buddhi saMgata nahIM hogA / jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra niSkAma buddhi se yukta hokara athavA vItarAgAvasthA meM sAMsArika pravRttimaya karma kA kiyA jAnA hI sambhava nahIM / tilakajI ke anusAra niSkAma buddhi se yukta ho yuddha lar3A jA sakatA hai / lekina jaina darzana ko yaha svIkAra nahIM / usakI dRSTi meM karma kA artha mAtra zArIrika anivArya karma hI abhipreta hai / jaina darzana kI iryApathika kriyAe~ pramukhatayA anivArya zArIrika kriyAe~ hI haiN| gItA meM bhI akarma kA artha zArIrika anivArya karma ke rUpa meM grahita hai ( 4 / 21 ) AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItA bhASya meM anivArya zArIrika karmoM ko akarma kI koTi meM mAnA hai / lekina thor3A adhika gaharAI se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki jaina vicAraNA meM bhI akarma anivArya zArIrika kriyAoM ke atirikta nirapekSa rUpa 1 - AcArAMga 1/3/2/4, 1/3/1/110 - dekhie AcArAMga (saMta bAla) pariziSTa pRSTha 36-37 / 2 - gItA 5/7, 5/12 / 4 - gItA rahasya 4 / 16 (TippaNI) / 5 -- sUtrakRtAMga 2/2/12 / Jain Educationa International 3 - sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 8 / 22-23 // 6 - gItA (zAM0) 4 / 21 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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160 ] [ karma siddhAnta se janakalyANArtha kiye jAne vAle karma tathA karmakSaya ke hetu kiyA jAne vAlA tapa, svAdhyAya Adi bhI samAviSTa hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra jo pravRttiyA~ pramAda rahita haiM, ve akarma haiN| tIrthaMkaroM kI saMgha pravartana Adi loka kalyANa kAraka pravRttiyA~ evaM sAmAnya sAdhaka ke karmakSaya (nirjarA) ke hetu kiye gaye sabhI sAdhanAtmaka karma akarma haiM / saMkSepa meM jo karma rAga-dveSa se rahita hone se bandhana kAraka nahIM haiM ve akarma hI haiN| gItA rahasya meM bhI tilakajI ne yahI dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai-karma aura akarma kA jo vicAra karanA ho to vaha itanI hI dRSTi se karanA cAhie ki manuSya ko vaha karma kahA~ taka baddha karegA, karane para bhI jo karma hameM baddha nahIM karatA usake viSaya meM kahanA cAhie ki usakA karmatva athavA bandhakatva naSTa ho gyaa| yadi kisI bhI karma kA bandhakatva arthAt karmatva isa prakAra naSTa ho jAya to phira vaha karma akarma hI huA-karma ke bandhakatva se yaha nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha karma hai yA akarma / ' jaina aura bauddha AcAra darzana meM arhata ke kriyA vyApAra ko tathA gItA meM sthitaprajJa ke kriyA vyApAra ko bandhana aura vipAka rahita mAnA gayA hai, kyoMki arhata yA sthitaprajJa meM rAga-dveSa aura moha rUpI vAsanAoM kA pUrNatayA abhAva hotA hai ataH usakA kriyA vyApAra bandhana kAraka nahIM hotA hai aura isalie vaha akarma kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra tInoM hI prAcAra darzana isa sambandha meM eka mata haiM ki vAsanA evaM kaSAya se rahita niSkAma karma akarma hai aura vAsanA sahita sakAma karma hI karma hai, bandhana kAraka hai| uparokta AdhAroM para se niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki karma-akarma vivakSA meM karma kA caitasika pakSa hI mahattvapUrNa rahatA hai / kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka hai aura kauna sA karma bandhana kAraka nahIM hai isakA nirNaya kriyA ke bAhya svarUpa se nahIM varan kriyA ke mUla meM nihita cetanA kI rAgAtmakatA ke AdhAra para hogaa| paM0 sukhalAlajI karma graMtha kI bhUmikA meM likhate haiM ki sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lgegaa| isase ve kAma ko chor3a dete haiM para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chuutttii| isase ve icchA rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke lepa (bandha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara skte| yadi kaSAya (rAgAdibhAva) nahIM hai to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTA yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sktaa| isI se yaha kahA jAtA hai ki Asakti chor3akara jo kAma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha bandhaka nahIM hotA hai / 0 1-gItA rahasya, pRSTha 684 / 2- karmagrantha-prathama bhAga kI bhUmikA, pRSTha 25-26 /

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25 | sAMkhyadarzana meM karma . 0 zrI dharmacanda jaina sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka the maharSi kapila / kapila ne sAMkhyadarzana kA praNayana karate hue mUla rUpa se jainadarzana ke sadRza do hI tattva svIkAra kie-puruSa aura prakRti / kapila ke puruSa ko jainadarzana meM jIva evaM prakRti ko ajIva zabda se pukArA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra janadarzana meM jIva evaM ajIva ke sambandha se hI anya samasta tattvoM kI utpatti svIkAra kI gaI hai, usI prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM puruSa evaM prakRti ke saMyoga se hI samasta tattvoM kI utpatti mAnI gaI hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM paccIsa tattva mAne gae haiM-prakRti, buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, paJca jJAnendriyA~, paJca karmendriyA~, pA~ca tanmAtrAe~, pA~ca mahAbhUta evaM puruSa / sezvara sAMkhya ke anuyAyI Izvara ko bhI chabbIsavA~ tattva mAnate haiN| karma-paricaya : yadyapi sAMkhyadarzana meM 'karma' zabda kA prayoga kahIM nahIM huA hai kintu jainadarzana meM prayukta 'karma' zabda kI arthAbhivyakti milatI hai| tabhI to IzvarakRSNa viracita 'sAMkhyakArikA' ke prArambha meM hI AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika evaM Adhibhautika ina tInoM prakAra ke duHkhoM ke Atyantika kSaya kI bAta kahI gaI hai / jainadarzana meM duHkhoM ko karmoM kA phala mAnA gayA hai aura karmoM kA vibhAjana jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya Adi rUpoM se ATha bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI jo kucha sukha-duHkha hote haiM ve aviveka athavA anAdi avidyA ke kAraNa hote haiN| yaha aviveka hI karmoM kA athavA saMsAra meM bhramaNa karane kA mUla kAraNa hai / isakI samApti hone para kaivalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai aura duHkha-sukha se puruSa sadA ke lie mukta ho jAtA hai| phira vaha jIvanamukti (arihantAvasthA) evaM videhamukti (siddhAvasthA) ko bhI prApta kara letA hai| zarIra ke rahate hue jIvanamukti kI avasthA rahatI hai tathA zarIra ke chUTane ke pazcAt videhamukti kI avasthA AjAtI hai / puruSa evaM usakA saMyoga : ___ jainadarzana tathA sAMkhyadarzana meM eka mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki jainadarzana jIva ko hI samasta sukha-duHkhoM (karmoM) kA kartA evaM bhoktA pratipAdita karatA hai jabaki sAMkhyadarzana isako akartA evaM draSTA ke rUpa meM pratipAdita karatA hai|

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162 ] [ karma siddhAnta 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kahA gayA hai-'na prakRtirna na vikRtiH purussH|' arthAt puruSa na kAraNa hai aura na kArya hii| vaha triguNAtIta, vivekI, viSayI, cetana, aprasavadharmI, avikArI, kUTastha, nitya, madhyastha, draSTA evaM akartA hotA hai| jo guNa eka karmarahita jIva meM jainadarzana batalAtA hai ve hI guNa sAMkhyadarzana eka puruSa meM nirUpita karatA hai| 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM nirUpita siddhAnta ke anusAra vastutaH yaha cetana puruSa na kabhI bandha ko prApta huA hai aura na hogA tasmAnna badhyate'ddhA na mucyate nApi saMsarati kazcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prakRtiH / / arthAt kisI puruSa kA na to bandhana hotA hai aura na saMsaraNa aura mokSa hI / aneka puruSoM ke Azraya se rahane vAlI prakRti kA hI saMsaraNa, bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai / vAstava meM prakRti hI samasta sRSTi kA mUla kAraNa hai / prakRti se hI buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, jJAnendriyA~, karmendriyA~, paMcatantramAtrAe~ evaM paJcamahAbhUta udbhUta hue haiN| prakRti hI samasta dRzya hai| phira bhI prakRti ekAkinI rahakara kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatI / puruSa kA saMyoga hone para hI prakRti sRSTi kA nirmANa karane meM sakSama hotI hai / prakRti kA puruSa ke sAtha vaisA hI saMyoga hai jaisA andhe evaM paMgu vyakti kA saMyoga hotA hai-'paGa gvandhavadubhayorapi saMyogastatkRtaH srgH|' paMgu evaM andhA vyakti jisa prakAra milakara apanA prayojana siddha kara lete haiM usI prakAra prakRti ke saMyoga se puruSa apanA prayojana siddha kara letA hai| prakati kA puruSa ke sAtha yaha saMyoga kaivalya kI prApti ke lie hI hotA hai, kintu yaha saMyoga anAdikAla se calA A rahA hai / bandhana-prakriyA: prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga hI bandhana hai| yaha bandhana aviveka ke kAraNa hotA hai / vAstava meM to puruSa nirvikAra, akartA evaM draSTA hai aura prakRti kI hai kintu prakRti puruSa kA saMyoga pAkara hI kArya karatI hai| prazna to taba upasthita hotA hai jaba puruSa akartA, draSTA evaM nirvikAra hote hue bhI apane ko sukhI, duHkhI evaM bandhana meM ba~dhA huaA anubhava karatA hai / sAMkhyadarzanazAstrI isakA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM-buddhi eka aisA tattva hai jisameM cetana puruSa bhI saMkrAnta hotA hai aura anubhUyamAna vastu bhI saMkrAta hotI hai / phalasvarUpa cetana puruSa usa vastu se prabhAvita anubhava hotA hai aura baMdhana ko prApta ho jAtA hai / yadyapi puruSa evaM prakRti atyanta bhinna haiM tathApi puruSa ko isa pArthakya kA bodha nahIM rahatA, isalie vaha apane ko baMdhA huA anubhava karatA hai / 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kahA hai tasmAttatsaMyogAdacetanaM cetanAvadiva liGgan / guNakartRtve'pi tathA karteva bhavatyudAsInaH / /

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sAMkhyadarzana meM karma ] [ 163 arthAt donoM ke saMyoga se acetana buddhi Adi prakRti cetana sadRza pratIta hote haiM aura usI prakAra prakRti-guNoM ke kartA hone para bhI udAsIna puruSa kartA sA pratIta hotA hai| yahI baMdhana hai| jaba taka yaha saMyoga calatA rahatA hai, bhoga hotA rahatA hai| lekina jaba vivekakhyAti dvArA puruSa evaM prakRti kA bheda jJAta ho jAtA hai taba baMdhana samApta ho jAtA hai, kaivalya kI prApti ho jAtI hai| asatkAryavAda : sAMkhyadarzana kA mUla siddhAnta asatkAryavAda hai / asatkAryavAda ke anusAra kArya apane kAraNa meM avyaktAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, nayA utpanna nahIM hotaa| tiloM meM tela pahale se avyaktAvasthA meM vidyamAna rahatA hai tabhI to usameM se tela nikalatA hai| reta meM se tela nahIM nikalatA kyoMki usameM pahale se vidyamAna nahIM hotaa| saMkSepa meM kisI kArya kI avyaktAvasthA kAraNa evaM kAraNa kI vyaktAvasthA kArya kahI jA sakatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki puruSa ko akartA evaM draSTA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| usako sadaiva nirvikAra batalAyA gayA hai| vaha na bandhana ko prApta hotA hai aura na mukta hotA hai-yaha bAta bhI isIlie kahI gayI hai| prakRti kA upakAra: prakRti puruSa ke bhoga evaM kaivalya ke lie pravRtta hotI hai / vaha pratyeka puruSa ke mokSa ke lie sRSTi kA nirmANa karatI hai| IzvarakRSNa ne kahA hai'jaise bachar3e ke bar3hane ke lie acetana dugdha svataH nikalatA hai, vaise hI puruSa ke mokSa ke lie prakRti bhI svataH pravRtta hotI hai|' prakRti ke viSaya meM yahA~ taka kaha diyA gayA ki jisa prakAra apanI icchA pUrti ke lie vyakti kArya meM pravRtta hote haiM, usI prakAra prakRti bhI puruSa ke mokSa ke lie pravRtta hotI hai| kaivalya : puruSa evaM prakRti kA pArthakya-bodha hI kaivalya kA kAraNa hai| isa pArthakyabodha ko vivekakhyAti nAma diyA jAtA hai| isameM tattvoM ke abhyAsa ko bhI kAraNa mAnA gayA hai / 'sAMkhyakArikA' meM kaivalya kA svarUpa batalAte hue. IzvarakRSNa ne kahA hai evaM tattvAbhyAsAnnA'smi na me nAhamityaparizeSam / aviparyayAdvizuddha kevalamutpadyate jJAnam / / arthAt tattva-jJAna kA abhyAsa karane se 'na maiM (kriyAvAn) hU~, na merA (bhokrtRtva) hai aura na maiM kartA hU~-isa prakAra sampUrNa evaM viparyayarahita hone

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164 ] [ karma siddhAnta se vizuddha kevalajJAna utpanna hotA hai| taba vimala evaM draSTA ke samAna niSkriya puruSa vivekajJAna ke sAmarthya se prakRti ko dekhatA hai| cetana puruSa 'maiMne use dekha liyA hai'-yaha vicAra karake udAsIna ho jAtA hai aura prakRti bhI 'usane mujhe dekha liyA hai'-yaha socakara vyApAra zUnya ho jAtI hai / __ jaise nartakI raGgastha darzakoM ke samakSa nRtya ke lie eka bAra upasthita hone ke bAda phira nRtya nahIM karatI, usI prakAra prakRti puruSa ke samakSa apane ko prakaTa kara dene ke bAda phira usa viSaya meM pravRtta nahIM hotii| yathA raGgasya darzayitvA nivartate nartakI yathA nRtyAt / puruSasya tathA''tmAnaM prakAzya vinivartate prakRtiH / / videha mukti : vivekakhyAti (samyagjJAna) hone ke pazcAt bhI zarIra kA vinAza nahIM hotA / zarIra kA vinAza hote hI videhamukti ho jAtI hai| kintu prazna uThatA hai ki prakRti kA. pRthak rUpa se darzana kara lene ke pazcAt evaM usakA vyApAra samApta ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI zarIra ke rahane kA kyA aucitya hai ? sAMkhyakArikAkAra ne usakA samAdhAna karate hue kahA hai samyagjJAnAdhigamAt dharmAdInAmakAraNaprAptau / tiSThatisaMskAravazAt cakrabhramivaddhRta zarIraH / / arthAt tattvajJAna kI prApti ho jAne se saJcita dharma; adharma ityAdi karmoM kA bIjabhAva to naSTa ho jAtA hai kintu prArabdha karmoM ke avaziSTa saMskAroM ke sAmarthya se sAdhaka vaise hI zarIra dhAraNa kie rahatA hai, jaise daNDa se calAI gaI kumhAra kI cAka phira daNDa-cAlana na hone para bhI pUrva utpanna vega nAmaka saMskAra se ghUmatI rahatI hai| jisa prakAra jainadarzana meM jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya evaM anta rAya nAmaka cAra ghanadhAti karmoM kA kSaya karane para kevalajJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai, kintu phira bhI zarIra banA rahatA hai| anya cAra karmoM ke samApta hone para hI AtmA siddhAvasthA ko prApta karatI hai; uso prakAra sAMkhyadarzana meM saJcita karmoM kA vinAza ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI prArabdha karmoM ke bala para zarIra banA rahatA hai, usake vinAza hote hI videhAvasthA prApta ho jAtI hai / upasaMhAra : ___satya eka hI hai kintu usakA prastutIkaraNa bhinna-bhinna ho sakatA hai| jainadarzana meM baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA tathA karmoM kA svarUpa jisa sUkSma rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, sA~khyadarzana meM usako bhinna rUpa meM pratipAdita karane

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sAMkhyadarzana meM karma ] [ 165 kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / jIva (puruSa) ko sAMkhyadarzana akartA mAnatA huA bhI baMdhana evaM mukti kI prakriyA se gujaratA hai / jaina darzana kI bhA~ti sAMkhyadarzana bhI punarjanma ko svIkAra karatA hai | dArzanika jise kArmaNazarIra kahate haiM, sAMkhyadArzanika use liGgazarIra athavA sUkSma zarIra kahate haiM / videhamukti hone para yaha liGgazarIra samApta ho jAtA hai / satva, rajas, tamas ina tInoM guNoM se yukta prakRti ko sAMkhyadarzana kartrI mAnatA hai tathA ise hI puruSa ko mukti dilAne meM sahAyaka bhI mAnatA hai / prakRti evaM puruSa kA saMyoga hI karma (saMskAra) ko utpanna karatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa bhoga prApta hotA hai / aMta meM kaivalya kI prApti vivekakhyAti (samyagjJAna) se hotI hai / zrAtamarAma rAga - mAMDha aSTa karama mhAro kA~I karasI jI, meM mhAre ghara rAkhUM rAma / indrI dvAre citta daurata hai, tina vaza hva nahIM karasyU kAma || aSTa0 // 1 // inako jora itohI mujhape, duHkha dikhalAve indrI grAma / jAko jAtU meM nahIM mAnUM, bhedavijJAna karUM vizrAma // zraSTa0 // 2 // taba vidhi zrAte mere dhAma / kahu rAga kahu doSa karata tho, so vibhAva nahIM ghArU kaMbahU~, zuddha svabhAva rahU~ zrabhirAma // zraSTa0 // 3 // jinavara muni guru kI bali jAU, jina batalAyA merA ThAma / sukhI rahata hU~ duHkha nahi vyApata, 'budhajana' haraSata zrAThoM yAma // zraSTa0 || 4 || - budhajana

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mImAMsA-darzana meM karma kA svarUpa 0 DaoN0 ke0 ela0 zarmA _ 'mImAMsA' zabda 'mAna' dhAtu se jijJAsA artha meM 'san' pratyaya hokara niSpanna hotA hai / 'jijJAsA' rUpa vizeSa artha meM hI mImAMsA pada kI niSpatti sabhI vidvAn svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra mImAMsA zabda kA artha hotA haijijJAsA aura jAnane kI icchA / jaiminI RSi ne tatkAlIna mata-matAntaroM ko saMkalita kiyA tathA una para apane vicAroM ko jor3akara sUtroM kI racanA kii| jaiminI ke mImAMsA-sUtra meM 16 adhyAya haiM / 'praghAto dharma jijJAsA' isakA prathama sUtra hai aura "vidyate vA'nyakAlatvAdyathAyAjyA sampreSo yathA yAjyA sampreSaH" antima sUtra hai| prathama bAraha adhyAyoM kI viSayavastu antima cAra adhyAyoM (13 se 16 taka) kI viSayavastu se bilakula bhinna hai tathA ye antima cAra adhyAya 'saMkarSaNa kANDa' ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| zavara svAmI ne prathama 12 adhyAyoM para hI apanA bhASya likhA hai / ataH mImAMsA kA yaha bhAga (antima cAra adhyAya) utsannaprAya ho cukA hai| mImAMsA sUtra (prathama 12 adhyAya) kI kula sUtra saMkhyA 2621 hai jo zeSa pAMca darzana-taMtroM (sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika evaM vedAnta) ke sUtroM kI sammilita saMkhyA ke barAbara hai| mImAMsA-darzana meM cAra binduoM para pramukha rUpeNa carcA kI gaI hai : (1) dharma kA svarUpa; (2) karma evaM isakA dharma se sambandha; (3) vedoM kI viSayavastu (vizeSa rUpa se dharma aura karma ke pratyaya) tathA (4) vedoM kA vizleSaNa karane kI paddhati kA sodAharaNa prastutikaraNa (jisase hama unheM sahIsahI samajha skeN)| jaiminI ne dharma kI paribhASA 'codanA lakSaNo'rtho dharmaH' (1.1.2) kahakara dI hai / jaiminI ke anusAra kriyA meM preraka vacana se lakSita hone vAlA artha dharma kahalAtA hai / ' dUsare zabdoM meM, codanA dvArA vizleSita artha hI dharma hai / dharma 1. jaiminI sUtra meM dharma kI carcA hetu nimna sUtra draSTavya haiM :adhyAya pAda sUtra saMkhyA 1-5; 24-26 1-14, 6-12 1-2 mru" Ku

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mImAMsA-darzana meM karma kA sta [ 197 svayaM meM lakSya hai jo ki svayaM meM zubha aura azubha nahIM hai| spaSTatA ke liye eka udAharaNa leN| mAna lIjiye ki eka kAnUna yA Adeza hai jo kahatA hai ki 'kisI kI hatyA nahIM karanI cAhiye' yA saphAI rakho, yA saphAI rakhanA cAhiye Adi Adi / lekina agara kAnana kI avajJA karane para daNDa kA vidhAna na ho to koI bhI vyakti usa kAnana yA rAjyAdeza kA pAlana nahIM kregaa| jisa prakAra sabhI nAgarika mAmaloM meM rAjyAdeza sarvazaktimAna hai usI prakAra dhArmika kRtyoM meM vaidika Adeza' hameM bA~dhatA hai kyoMki isa Adeza ko mAnane para bhAvI jIvana meM puraskAra milegaa| isa dRSTi se codanA pada kA artha huA vaidika Adeza (yA IzvarIya Adeza) jo kisI vyakti ko karma karane ke lie prerita karatA hai athavA kisI viziSTa prakAra kA karma karane se rokatA hai| ataH codanA vaidika AjJA yA nirdeza hai jo vaidika granthoM meM nihita hai| dharma kI utpatti karma, jo ki jIvana kA niyama hai, ke dvArA hotI hai / ataH yahAM karma ke svarUpa, karma ke bheda, karma kA kAraNa, uddezya evaM upakaraNoM Adi para carcA karanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| mImAMsA-darzana meM karma kA tAtparya vaidika yajJa sambandhI karmakANDa ke anuSThAna ke rUpa meM samajhA jAtA hai| vaise karma hamArI prakRti kA avibhAjya aMga hai| yaha nitya evaM sArvajanIna hai| karma ke pratyaya meM bhautika vastue~ tathA sthAna yA dik anivArya rUpa se pUrvakalpita hotA hai| karma ko uddezya ke AdhAra para bhI vizeSita kara sakate haiM tathA yaha aMzoM se yukta hotA hai / karma meM daihika aMgoM kI gati anivArya hai| mAnasika karmoM 1. vedoM ke racanAkAra ke bAre meM pramukha rUpa se do mata haiM--(1) veda Izvara praNIta haiM aura dvitIya apauruSeya / hameM vedoM koM paramparA se cale A rahe AdezoM ke rUpa meM samajhanA cAhiye / isa dRSTi se inake racanAkAra ke bAre meM prazna uThAnA nirarthaka hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM hama kisI pArivArika paramparA ko le sakate haiM / yaha paramparA kisane DAlI ? yaha prazna nirarthaka hai| prazna yaha adhika samIcIna hai ki yaha paramparA kitanI samayAnukUla hai| isa paramparA ke mUlabhUta AdhAra kyA haiM ? vedoM meM tIna prakAra ke karmoM-nitya-naimittika, niSiddha evaM kAmya karmoM kI bAta kI gaI hai| jinakA AdhAra hai ki vyakti ke vikAsa ke sAtha sAmAjika samAyojana / vedoM ke AdezoM ko AkAra ke rUpa meM lenA cAhiye aura usameM viSayavastu samayAnukUla bhara sakate haiM / lekina dhyAna yaha rahe ki yaha vyakti ke aura samAja ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka honI caahiye| 2. karma ke bAre meM carcA mImAMsA-sUtra ke lagabhaga sabhI adhyAyoM meM huI haiN| 3. yahA~ dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki mImAMsA eka pramukha karma meM karma-zRMkhalAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| ataH prazna hotA hai ki maulika yA prAthamika karma zRMkhalA kyA hai ? isa prakAra kI carcA amarIkI dArzanika Arthara sI. DANTo ne kI hai / isa saMdarbha meM merA lekha-"prArthara sI, DANTo ke 'mUla-kriyA' ke pratyaya kA vizleSaNa"; dArzanika traimAsika, varSa 24/aprela 1678, aMka 2, draSTavya hai /

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18] [ karma siddhAnta jaise ki vicAra karanA, kalpanA karanA, jJAna prApta karanA Adi ko bhI samagra evaM khaNDoM ke rUpa meM samajhA jA sakatA hai / veda pratipAdya karma tIna prakAra ke haiM- ( 1 ) kAmya karma, (2) niSiddha karma tathA (3) nitya naimittika karma / jo karma svarga Adi sukha ko dene vAle # padArthoM ke sAdhaka hoM unheM kAmya karma kahA jAtA hai / svarga kI kAmanA karane vAle vyakti dvArA jyotiSTomena yajJa karane ko kAmya karma ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai| zruti vAkyoM meM kAmanA vizeSa kI siddhi ke liye yAgAdi karma kA vidhAna hai ata: inheM 'kAmya karma' kahA gayA hai / jina karmoM ko karane se aniSTa ho jaise ki mRtyoparAnta naraka kI prApti Adi unheM niSiddha karma kahA gayA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM mAMsa kA bhakSaNa, brAhmaNa kI hatyA, Adi niSiddha karma kahe gaye haiM / nitya naimittika karma ve haiM jinheM karane para koI puraskAra yA lAbha to nahIM milatA magara na karane para doSa lagatA hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM saMdhyopAsanA karanA, karma paramparA ke pAlana hetu srAddha karanA Adi ko le sakate haiM / veda pratipAdya ina tInoM prakAra ke karmoM ko tIna prakAra ke karttavyoM ke rUpa meM samajha sakate haiM : kyoMki inameM 'cAhiye' kA bhAva chipA huA hai / kucha karmoM ko nahIM karanA cAhiye ( niSiddha karma ), kucha karmoM ko anivArya rUpa se karanA cAhiye ( nitya naimittika karma ) tathA svargAdi sukha kI prApti ke liye dhArmika karmoM kA anuSThAna karanA cAhiye ( kAmya karma ) / prathama do prakAra ke karttavya sAmAjika evaM vyaktigata prakAra ke haiM aura tRtIya prakAra kA karttavya pUrNarUpeNa vyaktigata hai / vidhi kI dRSTi se arthAt yAjJAdi karmoM ke niSpAdana meM anya vyaktiyoM kA saMdarbha Avazyaka ho sakatA hai lekina phala kI dRSTi se yaha karttavya pUrNarUpeNa vyaktigata hai / ina karmoM ke karane para milane vAle phala ke bAre meM jijJAsA honA svAbhAvika hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'yajet svargakAma:' Adi Adeza vAkyoM ke AdhAra para karma karane para yajJa (kAraNa) aura svarga ( uddezya yA phala) ke bIca koI sAkSAt sambandha dikhAI nahIM detA aura kahA jA rahA hai ki phala kI niSpatti tatkAla na hokara bAda meM hotI hai, taba prazna yaha hai ki phala kAla meM karma kI sattA ke prabhAva meM phalotpAdama kisa prakAra hotA hai ? mImAMsakoM ne isa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu 'apUrva' ke pratyaya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / ina vicArakoM ke anusAra apUrva kSaNika karma kA kAlAntara meM bhAvI

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mImAMsA darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 1ee phala ke sAtha kArya kAraNabhAva ke upapatyartha eka zakti hai jo karma se utpanna hotI hai aura vyakti kI AtmA meM rahatI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM pratyeka karma meM apUrva ( puNyApuNya ) utpanna karane kI zakti rahatI hai / kumArila ne apane grantha 'tantravArtika' meM apUrva ke svarUpa para carcA kI hai | unake anusAra pUrva pradhAna karma meM athavA karttA meM eka yogyatA hai jo karma karane se pUrva nahIM thI aura jisakA astitva zAstra ke AdhAra para siddha hotA hai / karma dvArA utpanna nizcita zakti jo pariNAma taka pahu~catI hai, apUrva hai / apUrva kA astitva arthApati se siddha hotA hai / karttA dvArA kiyA gayA yajJa karttA meM sAkSAt zakti utpanna karatA hai jo usake andara anyAnya zaktiyoM kI bhAMti janma bhara vidyamAna rahatI hai aura jIvana ke anta meM prati jJAta puraskAra pradAna karatI hai / lekina dUsarI ora prabhAkara aura unake anuyAyI yaha svIkAra nahIM karate ki karma karttA ke andara eka nizcita kSamatA utpanna karatA hai jo antima parinAma kA nikaTatama kAraNa hai / karttA meM isa prakAra kI kSamatA pratyakSAdi pramANoM se bhI siddha nahIM hoto / dUsare zabdoM meM prabhAkara ke anusAra kSamatA kI kalpanA karma meM karanA cAhiye na ki karttA meM / mImAMsakoM ne apUrva ke cAra prakAroM kI carcA kI hai - (1) paramApUrva, (2) samudAyApUrva (3) utpatyapUrva evaM ( 4 ) aMgApUrva / sAkSAt phala ko utpanna karane vAle apUrva ko paramApUrva yA phalApUrva kahate haiM / yaha antima phala kI prApti karAtA hai / jahA~ kaI bhAga milakara eka karma kahA jAtA hai vahA~ samudAyApUrva 1. karma aura phala ke bIca sambandha kI vyAkhyA kaI prakAra se kI gaI hai (1) karma se utpanna zakti jo jIva meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM surakSita rahatI hai aura samayAnusAra svayaM pariNAma utpanna karatI hai (yaha mata jaina, bauddha aura mImAMsakoM kA hai / ) (2) svayaM isa zakti meM phala utpanna karane kA sAmarthya nahIM hotA, isake anurUpa phala utpanna karane ke liye Izvara kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai (yaha mata naiyAyikoM evaM vedAntiyoM kA hai) / prathama mata ke anusAra Rt, adRSTa, apUrva yA saMskAra Adi prAkRtika kAraNakArya niyama kI bhAMti phala utpanna karatA hai / karmotpanna zakti aura phala meM sIdhA sambandha rahatA hai / dUsare mata ke anusAra zakti yA niyama meM kAraNAtmaka sAmarthya nahIM ho sakatA / yaha sAmarthya kevala cetana sattA meM ho sakatA hai / yaha sattA Izvara hai / 2. kumArila

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200 ] [ karma siddhAnta hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM darza pUrNamAsa yAga ko le sakate haiN| samudAya ke pratyeka yajJa kA apanA apUrva hotA hai jise utpatyapUrva apUrva kahate haiM / aMgoM se utpanna hone vAlA apUrva aMgApUrva kahalAtA hai| mImAMsA-darzana meM karma sambandhI uparyukta vivecana ke bAda yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki kyA ye dArzanika mAtra karma kANDa (arthAt vyakti ko kyA karanA cAhiye) ke bAre meM carcA karane ke atirikta kucha nahIM kahate ? unake dvArA kArma-kANDa kA kiyA gayA vivecana karma se sambandhita kyA dRSTi pradAna karatA hai ? ina praznoM para vivecana sambhavataH hameM unake karma sambandhI vicAroM ko ucita prakAra se samajhane meM sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| . jaisA ki hama pahale kaha Aye haiM ki karma hamAre svAbhAvika aMga haiM, inheM tyAgA nahIM jA sktaa| mImAMsaka do prakAra ke karmoM meM bheda karate haiM / prathama sahajakarma aura dvitIya aicchika karma / aicchika karmoM se buddhi kA sambandha hotA hai| aicchika karma eka kAla meM eka hI ho sakatA hai| kriyA kA artha hai viSaya yA vastu kA deza ke sAtha saMyoga / lekina isase karma kA pratyaya sImita evaM sthAnIya nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki eka hI viSaya do alaga-alaga kAloM meM alaga-alaga sthAnoM para ho sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM agara hama yaha kaheM ki 'yaha vyakti mathurA kA rahane vAlA hai' to hama use eka hI sthAna meM sImita nahIM kara sakate / (dekhiye jaiminI sUtra adhyAya 1, pAda 3, sUtra 19-25) karma kA kAraNa koI uddezya-- saMtoSa yA sukha prApti kI icchA hotA hai| kevala jIvita prANiyoM ke karmoM kA uddezya hotA hai| akarma meM bhI uddezya hotA hai| karma, uddezya evaM pariNAma meM usI prakAra kA sambandha hai jisa prakAra kA vibhinna aMgoM kA zarIra ke sAtha hotA hai / icchA jo karmoM kA AdhAra hai, kA sambandha jJAna se hotA hai / icchA ko manas ke guNa ke rUpa meM le sakate haiM / mImAMsA mata ke anusAra karma kriyA pada dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai / kriyA pada ke artha ke liye kartA aura viSaya kI pUrva kalpanA karanI par3atI hai / pratyeka kriyA meM mAdeza chipA rahatA hai| kriyA ko sArthaka tabhI kahA jA sakatA hai jabaki usameM Adeza nihita ho jaise ki yajeta svargakAmaH / ' karma (gati) ke jJAna ke bAre meM prabhAkara kA mata hai ki hameM isakA jJAna anumAna ke dvArA hotA hai aura kumArila ke anusAra pratyakSa dvArA / prabhAkara kA mata hai ki hama vastu kA kevala kisI sthAna vizeSa se jur3anA aura alaga honA dekhate haiM aura usake AdhAra para karma yA gati kA anubhava karate haiM / kumArila kahate haiM ki hameM gati 1. isa bindu kI vyAkhyA yahA~ sambhava nahIM hai| dekheM merA lekha-bhAvanA kA tattva mImAMsIya svarUpa : 31 vIM oNla iNDiyA oriyanTala kAnphreMsa, jayapura, 1682 /

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mImAMsA-darzana meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 201 karma kA pratyakSa hotA hai kyoMki yaha vastu meM hI hotI hai isI se vaha sthAna ke kisI eka bindu se jur3atI hai aura anya se vilaga hotI hai| kumArila kartA ko hI karma kA kAraNa mAnatA hai jabaki prabhAkara kA yaha mata hai ki karmoM ko kisI viziSTakartA, usakI icchAoM aura preraNAoM se svataMtra karake vizleSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| prabhAkara karma ke vizleSaNa meM nimna padoM kI carcA karate haiM--(1) kAryatA jJAna, (2) cikIrSA, (3) kRti, (5) ceSTA aura (6) bAhya vyavahAra / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki kumArila karma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiM jabaki prabhAkara karma kI vyAkhyA meM hetu upAgama kI sahAyatA lete haiN|' dohe sukha-duHkha Ate hI raheM, jyoM bhATA jyoM jvAra / mana vicalita hove nahIM, dekha car3hAva-utAra / / kapaTa rahe nA kuTilatA, rahe na mithyAcAra / zuddha dharma aisA jage, hoya svaccha vyavahAra // sahaja sarala mRdu nIra-sA, mana nirmala ho jAya / . tyAge kuliza, kaThoratA, gAMTha na baMdhane pAya / / jo nA dekhe svayaM ko, vahI bAMdhatA bandha / jisane dekhA svayaM ko, kATa lie duHkha dvandva / rAga dveSa kI, moha kI, jaba taka mana meM khAna / taba taka sukha kA, zAnti kA, jarA na nAma nizAna / / bhoktA banakara bhogate, baMdhana baMdhate jAyaM / draSTA banakara dekhate, baMdhana khulate jAyaM / / pApa hoya jhaTa roka le, kare na bArambAra / dharmavAna jAgrata rahe, apanI bhUla sudhAra / -satyanArAyaNa goyanakA 1. vistRta vivecanA ke liye mere nimna lekha draSTavya haiM 8. Kumarila & Prabhakara's understanding of actions. Indian ___ Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. XI, No. 1, January, 1984. 2. mImAMsA kA arthavAda aura kucha dArzanika samasyAe~ : parAmarza, khaNDa 5, aMka 3, 1984,

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27 masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnyatA DaoN. e. bI. zivAjI samasta dharmoM meM karma ke pratyaya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kintu usakI mAnyatA pratyeka dharma meM vibhinna prakAra kI hai| hindU dharma, bauddha dharma aura jaina dharma meM karma kI pradhAnatA itanI adhika hai ki usI ke AdhAra para punarjanma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadi tInoM dharmoM kA niSkarSa nikAlA jAve to yaha vidita hotA hai ki karmoM se chuTakArA pAnA hI mokSa, nirvANa aura kaivalya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karma kI vivecanA yaha ho sakatI hai ki karma, kArya aura kAraNa kA hI rUpa hai jo kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotaa| isI kAraNa karmoM kA vibhAjana zabha aura azabha rUpa se yaha dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA jAtA hai ki manuSya jo kucha botA hai, vahI kATatA hai / __ masIhI dharma meM yadyapi karma ko mAnyatA dI hai jaisA ki paulusa likhatA hai -"vaha hara eka ko usake kAmoM ke anusAra badalA degaa|"" naye niyama meM hI eka anya sthAna para paulusa likhatA hai-"dhokhA na khAo, paramezvara ThaTToM meM nahIM ur3AyA jAtA, kyoMki manuSya jo kucha botA hai vahI kaattegaa|"2 arthAt karma manuSya karatA hai aura karma kA nyAya koI adRSTa zakti karatI hai, jisako paramezvara, Izvara, bhagavAn kahate haiN| jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma meM to Izvara ko bhI mAnyatA prApta nahIM hai / isa kAraNa manuSya hI apane karmoM ko svataMtra rUpa se karatA hai aura unake pariNAmoM ko bhogatA hai, kintu masIhI dharma meM karma ke sAtha vizvAsa aura Izvara ke anugraha para jo prabhu yIzu masIha ke dvArA prApta hotA hai, jora diyA jAtA hai jisakA hama Age calakara adhyayana kreNge| hindU dharma aura jaina dharma meM karma viSayaka bhinnatA : hindU dharmAvalambI kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki karma amUrta hai jabaki jaina dharma kI vicAradhArA ke anusAra karma mUrta hai| hindU dharma aura jaina dharma meM karmoM kI mAnyatA viSayaka dUsarI bhinnatA smRti se sambandha rakhatI hai| hindU dharmAvalambI yaha mAnate haiM ki mAyA ke kAraNa pUrvajanma meM kiye hue karma yAda nahIM rahate jabaki jaina dharma ke matAnusAra smRti ajJAna 1. romiyo 2 : 6 2. galatiyo 6 : 7

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masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnyatA ] [203 ke kAraNa se nahIM hotii| yadi jIva tapa aura zubha karmoM ke dvArA prayAsa kare to jIva ajJAna se chuTakArA pA letA hai aura use samasta pUrva janmoM aura kRtiyoM kI smRti ho jAtI hai / ' bhAratIya darzana ke avalokana se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki hindU dharma, jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma meM bhale hI karma viSayaka evaM usakI mAnyatA ke saMbaMdha meM bhinnatA ho, kintu ve sabhI karma hI ko pradhAnatA dete haiM aura naitikatA kA prAdhAra karma hI ko mAnate haiN| bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne karma siddhAnta para bala dete hue yaha darzAyA hai ki masIhI dharma meM karma vicAra kI kamI hai jaisA ki prAcArya rajanIza ne 'mahAbIra vANI' meM kahA hai ki "islAma aura IsAiyata meM bahuta maulika prAcAra kI kamI hai, karma ke vicAra kii|"2 hindU dharma meM Izvara ko sattA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai kintu Izvara karma ke vyApAra meM hastakSepa nahIM krtaa| karma ko mAnyatA ko batAte hue lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka ne likhA hai ki "karma kA yaha cakra jaba eka bAra prArambha ho jAtA hai, taba use phira paramezvara bhI nahIM roka sktaa|'3 eka anya sthAna para unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki "karma anAdi hai; aura usake akhaMDa vyApAra meM paramezvara bhI hastakSepa nahIM krtaa|"4 isakA artha yaha huA ki karma kI apanI pRthak sattA hai va Izvara kI alaga pRthak sattA hai| isa prakAra dvaita kI vicAradhArA janma letI hai| karma ko anAdi kahanA aura paramezvara kA hastakSepa na mAnane ke kAraNa hI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya darzana evaM dharma meM mAnyatA prApta karma ke pratyaya kI AlocanA kI hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM dvArA, pAlocanA : pharakyUara ne apanI pustaka 'dI krAuna aoNpha hindUijma' meM karma kI AlocanA karate hue likhA hai ki karma aura punarjanma ne eka naye siddhAnta ko rUpa 8. "The other point of difference they stress on is that while Hindus think Karma, as formless, Jains believe Karma to have shape. Karma according to its origin does inflict hurt or benefit, it Must have a form. Some Hindus believe that it is owing to maya (illusion) that all remembrance of the deeds done in previous birth, which led to the accumulation of Karma is forgotten; but Jains hold that it is owing to Ajnana (ignorance) and when the soul by means of austerity and good actions has got rid of Ajnana it attains omniscience and remembers all the births it has undergone and all that happened in them." Heart of Jainism - Stevenson, P. 175. 2. mahAvIra vANI-prAcArya rajanIza, pR. 505 3. gItA rahasya -bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka, pR. 276 (hindI anuvAda) 4. vahI-pR. 288

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204 ] [ karma siddhAnta diyA hai jaba ki dharAtala para vaha janma aura mRtyu kA siddhAnta hai, vaha eka hindU naitika siddhAnta hai / ' haoNMga mahodaya ne karma ke viSaya meM eka hI prazna uThAyA hai ki kyA karma naitika rUpa se saMtuSTi detA hai ? e. sI. bokveTa kA mata hai ki sAMsArika nyAya ke rUpa meM karma siddhAnta apane Apa meM nindanIya hai / DaoN. e. esa. thiyoDora kA mata hai ki karma siddhAnta ke nyAyatAvAda meM dayA, pazcAttApa, kSamA, pApoM kA zodhana karane kA sthAna nahIM hai / 'gItA rahasya' meM bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka evaM anya bhAratIya vidvAnoM dvArA karma ke pratyaya ke pratipAdana ke dvArA jo tathya sAmane Ate haiM unase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki karma kA yaha vicAra Izvara aura manuSya kI svatantratA donoM ko chIna letA hai / isI AdhAra para pAzcAtya vidvAn siDanI keva ne apanI pustaka 'riDempazana - hindUijma eNDa krizyiniTi' meM tIna bAteM prakaTa kI haiM ki isa siddhAnta ke kAraNa saMsAra bure se bahuta burA hotA jA rahA hai / achUta, achUta hI raheMge aura kor3hI, kor3hI hI / zubha karma jo arjita kiye gaye, unakA pariNAma agale jIvana meM hogA jisakA sambandha vartamAna ke jIvana aura usakI cetanA se sambandhita nahIM hai / dUsarA tathya yaha ki yadi karma dRSTikoNa ThIka hai to kor3hI, laMgar3e, andhe aura duHkho vyakti sabhI ko abhiyukta (Criminals) ginA jAnA cAhie kyoMki ve apane pUrva janma ke kiye gaye azubha karmoM kA daNDa ( Punishment) bhoga rahe haiM / tIsarA tathya yaha ki karma siddhAnta bhUtakAla ke pApa aura vartamAna ke duHkha sambandha batAne meM asaphala rahA hai kyoMki bhUtakAla kI hameM smRti nahIM hai aura karma siddhAnta hameM koI AzA nahIM dilAtA ki naitika saMgharSa ke * dvArA pApa aura burAI se chuTakArA ho jAvegA / 4 sTIphana nela gAMdhI jI kI hatyA ko lekara prazna uThAte haiM aura likhate haiM - "The heaviest blow at the traditional doctrine of Karma was dealt by Mr. Gandhi, not by his teaching but by the manner of his death at the hand of an assessin. is the fruit of If all misfortune 1. The crown of Hinduism - Farquhar, P. 212 R. Christian Faith and Non-Christian Religion-A. C. Bonquet, P. 196 3. Religon and Society vol. No. XIV, No. 4, 1967 4. Redemption : Hinduism and Christianity - Sydney Cave. P. 185, 186, 187

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masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnyatA ] [ 205 ancient deeds, then such a violent death should be evidence of gravely sinful part.''1 isI prakAra eka bhAratIya masIha lekhaka ne apane vicAroM ko nimna rUpa se pragaTa kiyA hai "jaba rAmacandrajI ko 14 varSa kA banavAsa diyA gayA, to unhoMne use kyoM grahaNa kara liyA ? kyA ve apane prArabdha ke kAraNa use grahaNa karane ko bAdhya the, yA apanI mAtA kauzalyA ke kAraNa ? 2 masIhI dharma meM karma : masIhI dharma meM karma, vizvAsa aura pazcAttApa para adhika bala diyA gayA hai / kevala eka ho pratyaya manuSya ko uddhAra dilAne meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatA / eka sthAna para karma kI mahattA para bala dete hue yAkUba jo prabhu yIzu masIha kA bhAI thA, apanI patrI meM likhatA hai ki "so tumane dekha liyA ki manuSya kevala vizvAsa se hI nahIM karmoM se bhI dharmI ThaharatA hai / " 3 arthAt karmoM ke sAtha vizvAsa bhI Avazyaka hai aura vizvAsa karmoM ke dvArA siddha hotA hai jaisA ki eka anya sthAna para yAkUba kA hI kathana hai ki "so tumane dekha liyA ki vizvAsa ne usake karmoM ke sAtha milakara prabhAva DAlA hai aura karmoM se vizvAsa siddha huA / yAkUba vizvAsa aura karma donoM ko sAtha-sAtha lekara calatA hai parantu usakA jhukAva karma kI ora hai / uparokta kathana ke tAratamya meM hI vaha kahatA hai - " jaise deha AtmA binA marI hai, vaisA hI vizvAsa bhI karma binA marA huA hai / "" eka anya sthAna para vaha likhatA hai ki "he nikamme manuSya kyA tU yaha bhI nahIM jAnatA ki karma binA vizvAsa vyartha hai ? " 6 ina kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki masIha dharma meM karma aura vizvAsa vyakti ke sahAyaka haiM / jahA~ yAkUba ne karma ke Upara bala diyA, paulusa vizvAsa para bala detA hai / usakA kathana hai ki "manuSya vizvAsa se dharmI ThaharatA hai karmoM se nahIM / "7 yaha tathya spaSTa kara detA hai ki manuSya ke karma usakA uddhAra nahIM kara sakate / vaha apane karmoM para ghamaNDa nahIM kara sakatA / paulusa kI vicAradhArA meM karma kI apekSA vizvAsa kA mahattva hai / isI kAraNa romiyo kI patrI meM vaha kahatA hai ki "yadi ibrAhIma karmoM se dharmI ThaharAyA jAtA to use ghamaNDa karane 1. Christian Faith and other faiths - Stephen Neill P. 86 2. vedAnta aura bAibala - AcArya jemsa dayAla khrISTAnanda pR. 53 4. yAkUba kI patrI 2 : 22 3. yAkUba kI patrI 2 : 24 5. yAkUba kI patrI 2 : 26 6. yAkUba kI patrI 2 : 20 7. romiyo 5 : 1

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206 ] [ karma siddhAnta kI jagaha hotI, parantu paramezvara ke nikaTa nhiiN|" yaha kathana karane vAlA vahI paulusa hai jo prabhu yIzu masIha kA prArambha meM zatru thA kintu darzana pAne ke bAda vaha masIha dharma kA ananya bhakta huA aura anya ziSyoM ke sAtha yaha vizvAsa karane vAlA huA ki "prabhu yIzu masIha para vizvAsa kara to tU aura terA gharAnA uddhAra pAyegA" 2 prabhu yIzu masIha para vizvAsa hI usakA jIvana darzana thaa| naye niyama meM usake dvArA likhita kaI patriyoM meM isa bAta ke pramANa haiM / jIvana meM mokSa kA aAdhAra karma nahIM, vizvAsa hai| eka sthAna para paulusa kahatA hai ki "vizvAsa se dharmI jana-jIvita rhegaa|"3 eka anya sthAna para vaha kahatA hai ki "yaha bAta pragaTa hai ki vyavasthA ke dvArA paramezvara ke yahA~ koI dharmI nahIM ThaharatA kyoMki dharmIjana vizvAsa se jIvita rhegaa|"4 prabhu yIzu masIha ke anya ziSyoM ne bhI vizvAsa para bala diyA hai / isI vizvAsa ko lekara yUhannA prabhu yIzu masIha ke zabdoM ko likhatA hai ki "yadi tuma vizvAsa na karoge ki maiM vahI hU~ to apane pApoM meM mroge|"5 masIha dharma meM zarIra aura AtmA ke karma : masIhI dharma meM zarIra aura AtmA ke karmoM ko ginAyA gayA hai / pavitra zAstra bAibala kA dRSTikoNa hamAre dhArmika kAryoM ke prati jo binA vizvAsa ke haiM, maile cithar3oM ke samAna haiN| purAne niyama meM yazayyAha nabI kI pustaka meM batAyA gayA hai ki "hama to saba ke saba azuddha manuSya ke .se haiM aura hamAre dharma ke kAma saba ke saba maile cithar3oM ke samAna haiN|"6 phira bhI zarIra aura AtmA ke karmoM meM bheda kiye gaye haiN| ina bhedoM kA varNana paulusa ne kiyA hai| vaha likhatA hai-"zarIra ke kAma to prakaTa haiM arthAt vyabhicAra, gande kAma, lucapana, mUrti pUjA, TonA, baira, jhagar3A, IrSA, krodha, virodha, phUTa, vidharma, DAha, matavalApana, lIlA, krIr3A, aise-aise kAma karane vAle paramezvara ke rAjya ke vArisa na hoNge| para AtmA kA phala prema, Ananda, mela, dhIraja, kRpA, bhalAI, vizvAsa, namratA aura saMyama haiM, aise-aise kAmoM ke virodha meM koI vyavasthA nhiiN|" karmoM ke dvArA Izvara kI mahimA : kabhI-kabhI zubha karma karane vAlA vyakti arthAt dharmI vyakti bhI Izvara para doSa lagAtA hai ki use acche karma karate hue bhI vipatti, duHkha uThAne par3ate haiM / bAibala meM aise tIna udAharaNa haiM / eka purAne niyama meM aura do naye niyama meM / 1. romiyo 4 : 2 2. prerito ke kAma 16 : 31 3. romiyo 1:17 4. galatiyo 3:11 5. yUhannA 8 : 24 6. yazayyAha 64 : 6 7. galatiyo 5 : 16-23

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masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnya [ 207 jisake dvArA masIha dharma meM karma kA jJAna hotA hai ki acche karma karane para bhI vipatti AtI hai, binA karma kiye bhI janma se aMdhA honA par3atA hai aura azubha karma karane ke bAda bhI uddhAra ho jAtA hai| purAne niyama (old testament) meM ayyUba nAmaka eka dharmI vyakti kA bayAna hai| paramezvara use zaitAna ke hAthoM sauMpatA hai aura usa para vipatti AtI hai phira bhI ayyUba Izvara para doSa nahIM lagAtA jaisA ki likhA hai-"ina saba bAtoM meM bhI ayyUba ne na to pApa kiyA aura na paramezvara para mUrkhatA se doSa lagAyA"1 aura zaitAna paramezvara ke bhakta ke sAmane parAjita hotA hai kyoMki jaisA kahA gayA hai ki "dharmI para bahuta sI vipattiyAM par3atI to haiM parantu yahovA unako una saba se mukta karatA hai|"3 vipatti par3ane para bhI ayyUba vicalita nahIM huA aura usake karmoM ke dvArA paramezvara kI mahimA huii| dUsarA varNana eka janma ke aMdhe kA hai jo naye niyama meM yUhannA ke nauva adhyAya meM varNita hai / prabhu yIzu masIha ke cele usase pUchate haiM "rabbI kisa ne pApa kiyA thA ki yaha andhA janmA, isa manuSya ne, yA usake mAtA-pitA ne ?" yIzu ne uttara diyA ki na to isane pApa kiyA thA, na isake mAtA-pitA ne, parantu yaha isaliye huA ki paramezvara ke kAma usameM prakaTa hoN|" isI kAraNa masIhI dharma punarjanma ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| tIsarA varNana prabhu yIzu masIha ke eka mitra lAjara kA hai jo yUhannA racita susamAcAra ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM varNita hai ki prabhu yIzu masIha ko lAjara kI bImArI kA saMdeza bhejA jAtA hai aura usa samaya ve kahate haiM ki "yaha bImArI mRtyu kI nahIM, parantu paramezvara kI mahimA ke lie hai ki usake dvArA paramezvara ke putra kI mahimA ho|" eka anya udAharaNa DAkU kA hai jisane jIvana bhara azubha karma kiye, prabhu yIzu masIha kI mRtyu ke samaya do DAkU bhI unake sAtha krUsa para laTakAye gaye the / eka prabhu yIzu masIha kI nindA kara kaha rahA thA ki apane Apa ko aura hameM bacA / dUsarA DAkU pahile DAkU ko DAMTatA hai ki hama to apane kukarma kA daNDa pA rahe haiM kintu isa pavitra manuSya ne kyA kiyA ? aura taba vaha yIzu masIha se kahatA hai ki "jaba tU apane rAjya meM pAe, to merI sudhi lenaa|" prabhu yIzu masIha ne usa DAkU se kahA ki "aAja ho tU mere sAtha svarga loka meM hogaa|" ___ ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki manuSya apane pUrva janma ke karmoM ko nahIM bhogatA aura na hI pUrvajanma ke karmoM kA koI uttaradAyitva hai| 1. ayyUba 1 : 22 2. bhajana saMhitA 34 : 16 3. sampUrNa adhyayana ke lie par3hiye ayyUba 1 aura 2 4. lUkA 23 : 36-43

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208 ] [ karma siddhAnta karma aura anugraha masIhI dharma meM karma ke sAtha hI anugraha kA bahuta adhika mahattva hai kyoMki uddhAra anugraha ke hI kAraNa hai / yadi Izvara anugraha na kare to karma vyartha hai / bAibala meM likhA hai-"jo mujha se, he prabha, he prabhu kahatA hai, unameM se hara eka svarga ke rAjya meM praveza na kregaa|"1 masIhI dharma isIlie anugraha kA pracAra karatA hai kyoMki likhA hai-"kyoMki vizvAsa ke dvArA anugraha hI se tumhArA uddhAra huA hai, aura yaha tumhArI ora se nahIM, varan paramezvara kA dAna hai aura na karmoM ke kAraNa, aisA na ho ki koI ghamaNDa kre|"2 jIvana meM pavitratA anugraha ke hI dvArA AtI hai / paulusa likhatA hai ki "maiM paramezvara ke anugraha ko vyartha nahIM ThaharAtA, kyoMki yadi vyavasthA ke dvArA dhArmikatA hotI to masIha kA maranA vyartha hotaa|"3 paulusa kA pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki prabhu yIzu masIha kI mRtyu hI anugraha ko pRthvI para mAnavatA ke lie lAI hai| anugraha ko kabhI bhI kraya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na hI dhArmika karmoM ke dvArA ajita kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu anugraha unhIM para hotA hai jo paramezvara kI AjJA mAnatA hai| paulusa samajhAte hue likhatA hai "pApa kI majadUrI to mRtyu hai parantu paramezvara kA varadAna hamAre prabhu yIzu masIha meM ananta jIvana hai|" isI anagraha ke bAre meM vaha Age kahatA hai-"to usane hamArA uddhAra kiyA; aura yaha dharma ke kAryoM ke kAraNa nahIM, jo hamane Apa kie, para apanI dayA ke anusAra nae janma ke snAna, aura pavitra AtmA ke hameM nayA banAne ke dvArA huaa|"5 upasaMhAra : masIhI dharma meM karma kI mAnyatA hote hue bhI anugraha kA mahattva hai| vAstava meM paramezvara kA prema manuSya jAti ke lie usakA anugraha hai jisake dvArA manuSya ko mokSa prApta hotA hai| eka gujarAtI lekhaka dhanajI bhAI phakIra bhAI anugraha ke bAre meM likhate haiM ki "anugraha koI jAdU kA prabhAva nahIM hai athavA koI tattva athavA koI dAna nahIM hai kintu anugraha eka vyakti hai jo prabhu yIzu masIha svayaM haiN|" isa kAraNa masIhI dharma meM karma, vizvAsa aura anugraha kA eka saMgama hai| 4 saya 1. bhattI 7 : 21 2. iphisiyo 2:8-6 3. galatiyo 2 : 21 4. romiyo 6 : 23 5. tItusa 3:5 6. Kristopanished"-Dhanji Bhai kakif Bhai, P. 21

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28 islAma dharma saMsAra ke parityAga kI, virakti kI ora le jAne vAlA dharma nahIM; tarke duniyA yA rahabAniyata kA saMdeza dene vAlA nhiiN| vaha karma kA saMdeza detA hai, saMyama se jIvana vyatIta karane kA mArga prazasta karatA hai / isa loka ke sAtha paraloka para bhI usakI dRSTi rahatI hai aura paraloka ko ihaloka para prAthamikatA detA hai | manuSya karma karane meM pUrNataH svatantra hai, use apane karmoM kA phala bhI nizcita rUpa meM bhoganA hai aura 'roz2a - mazahara' meM - ' antima nirNaya' ke dina use allAha ke darabAra meM hAjira hokara apane karmoM kA hisAba denA hotA hai - " jo vyakti satkarma karegA cAhe vaha strI ho yA puruSa, bazarte ki vaha momina ho, use hama saMsAra meM pavitra jIvana vyatIta karAyeMge aura paraloka meM aise vyaktiyoM ko unake pratikAra, puNya, uttama karmoM ke anusAra pradAna kiye jAyeMge / " " islAma dharma meM karma kA svarUpa DaoN0 nijAma uddIna jaisA karma vaisA phala milegA / svarga aura naraka kA - jannata va doz2akha kA nirNaya logoM ke haqa meM karmoM ke AdhAra para hI hogA - DaoN0 iqabAla ne ThIka pharamAyA hai: amala se jiMdagI banatI hai jannata bhI jahannama bhI, yaha khAkI apanI fitarata meM, na nUrI hai na nArI hai / kuraAna meM bAra-bAra yaha ghoSaNA kI gaI hai - " va bazzirillaz2InA AmanU va AmilussuprAlihAti annAlAhuma jannAtina tajarI mina-tahatihala anhAra / 2 e paig2ambara ! khuzakhabarI sunA dIjie una logoM ko jo ImAna lAe aura kAma kiye acche, isa bAta kI ki niHsaMdeha unake lie jannateM (svarga) haiM jinake nIce nahareM bahatI haiM / 1 - kurAna, nahala - 125 2 - alabakara, 25

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210 ] [ karma siddhAnta lekina karmoM kA dAromadAra nIyata para hai| jo jaisI nIyata karegA use vaisA hI milegaa| paig2ambare-islAma kA faramAnA hai-"karma kA dAromadAra nIyata para hai aura pratyeka AdamI ko vahI milegA jisakI usane nIyata kii|" allAha karaNa-bhara burAI, kaNa-bhara bhalAI ko dekhane vAlA hai| 'sUre alaz2alaz2Ala' meM allAha ne faramAyA hai-"jo koI eka kaNa samAna nekI karegA, use dekhegA aura jo kaNa samAna kukarma karegA, use dekhegA" / 'sUre alahaja' meM ullekha hai-"vaprabudU rabbAkuma vafAlU lA allAkuma tuphalihUna"1 arthAt apane raba kI baMdagI karo aura bhalAI ke karma karo tAki hita-kalyANa prApta kro| isa prakAra kurAna meM tathA antima paig2ambara muhammada sAhaba (san 571-632) ne bAra-bAra satkarma karane kA Adeza diyA hai aura sAtha hI usa vyakti ko zreSTha mAnA hai jo saMyamI hai "innA akarAmAkuma indallAhi ataqAkuma" (alahajArAta, 12/12) tuma meM sarvAdhika AdaraNIya vaha hai jo tuma meM sabase adhika saMyamI hai| isa prakAra neka karma karanA tathA saMyamapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta karanA kuraAna kA saMdeza hai aura islAma dharma kA eka buniyAdI siddhAnta hai / ImAna vAloM meM sabase acchA usa vyakti kA ImAna hai jisakA AcaraNa, vyavahAra sabase acchA ho, aura jo apane gharavAloM ke sAtha bhI sadvyavahAra karane meM uttama ho| allAha ne usa vyakti ko nApasanda kiyA hai jo saMsAra meM daMgA-phasAda paidA karatA hai / kuraAna meM kahA gayA hai ---"vallAhu lA yuhibbula muphasidIna" (ala-mAidA, 64) aura allAha fasAda karane vAloM se prema nahIM karatA 'lA ikarAhA fiddIna' (alabaqara) dIna, dharma ke mAmale meM koI jora-jabaradastI nhiiN| isa prakAra yahA~ anAvazyaka hiMsA ko mAnyatA bhI nahIM dI gii| islAma bala kA nahIM, zAnti kA dharma hai| 'islAma' zabda kA artha hai amana va slaamtii| yaha zAMti, surakSA pradAna karane vAlA dharma hai aura isameM kisI eka jAti yA sampradAya ke lie mArgadarzana nahIM, varan sakala mAnavajAti ke lie mArgadarzana hai| yahA~ raMgoM-nasla kA koI bhedabhAva nahIM / neka amala aura taqavA yA saMyama para yahA~ vizeSa bala diyA gayA hai| neka karma, satkarma ko yahA~ vyApaka rUpa meM rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai / kuraAna meM pharamAyA gayA hai "nekI yaha nahIM hai ki tumane apane mukha pUrva kI ora kara lie yA pazcima kI ora, varan nekI yaha hai ki manuSya allAha ko, qayAmata yA antima dina ko, fariztoM (devadUtoM) ko, allAha dvArA avatarita pustaka ko, aura usake paig2ambaroM ko hRdaya se-sacce mana se svIkAra kare aura allAha ke prema meM apanA priya dhana sambandhiyoM, anAthoM, yAcakoM, bhikSukoM para, sahAyatA ke lie hAtha phailAne 1-kurAna, alahaja, 77

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islAma dharma meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 211 vAloM para aura dAsoM kI-baMdhakoM kI mukti para kharca kare, namAz2a qAyama kare, z2akAta (vArSika lAbha kA 23 pratizata) de| aura neka ve loga haiM jo praNa kareM, vAyadA kareM to use pUrNa kareM, aura taMgI evaM musIbata ke samaya meM, satya aura asatya ke saMgharSa meM sabra kreN| yaha hai satyavAdI loga, aura yahI loga muttaqI haiM, saMyamI haiN|" 'taqavA' kyA hai ? isa para bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| kurAna meM taqavA karane vAle ko, saMyamI ko isa rUpa meM vyaMjita kiyA gayA hai- "jo adRzya yA gaiba para vizvAsa karate haiM, ImAna lAte haiM, namAz2a kAyama karate haiM-niyamita rUpa meM namAz2a par3hate haiM, aura jo anna hamane unako diyA hai usameM se vyaya karate haiM, jo kitAba (kuraAna) tuma para utArI gaI hai aura jo kitAbeM tumase pahale utArI gaI haiM, una saba para ImAna lAte haiM aura Akhirata para vizvAsa karate haiM aise loga apane raba kI tarapha se sadmArga para haiM aura vahI puNya, lAbha prApta karane vAle haiN|" 'sUre pAle-imarAna' meM faramAyA gayA hai- "jo pratyeka dazA meM apanA dhana kharca karate haiM; cAhe acchI dazA meM hoM yA cAhe durdazA meM hoM, jo krodha ko pI jAte haiM aura dUsaroM ke doSa kSamA kara dete haiM, aise neka loga allAha ko bahuta pasanda haiM aura jinakI dazA yaha hai ki yadi koI azlIla kArya unase ho jAye yA kisI gunAha ko karake apane Upara atyAcAra kara baiThate haiM to allAha unheM yAda AtA hai aura usase ve apane doSoM kI kSamA cAhate haiM aura allAha ke atirikta aura kauna hai jo gunAha kSamA kara sakatA hai ? aura vaha kabhI jAnabUjhakara apane kiye para Agraha nahIM karate / aise logoM kA pratyupakAra unake raba ke pAsa yaha hai ki vaha unheM kSamA kara degA aura aise upavanoM meM unheM dAkhila karegA, jinake nIce nahareM bahatI hoMgI aura vahA~ vaha sadaiva rheNge|" kyA acchA badalA hai neka, satkarma karane vAloM ke lie| islAma dharma meM karmoM ke svarUpa para do dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) aise karma jinakA samAja se sambandha hai, unheM laukika karma kaha sakate haiN| manuSya paraspara anya manuSyoM se jo vyavahAra karatA hai ve karma isI zreNI meM aayeNge| (2) AdhyAtmika karma ve haiM jinakA saMbaMdha namAja, roz2A, haja aura z2akAta se hai| manuSya ko allAha ke atirikta kisI kI pUjA-ibAdata nahIM karanI cAhie, allAha ke atirikta koI ArAdhya nahIM, yaha islAma dharma kA pramukha siddhAnta hai aura isa para amala karanA pratyeka musalamAna kA kartavya hai / isI ko 1-kuraAna : alabakara-177

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212 ] [ karma siddhAnta 'tauhIda' kahate haiM aura isI meM islAma dharma kA mUlamaMtra ( kalamA) samAhita hai - "lA ilAhA illallAha muhammadurrasUlallAha / " prarthAt allAha ke sivAya koI pUjya nahIM - ibAdata ke yogya nahIM, muhammada allAha ke rasUla haiM - saMdeza - vAhaka haiM / jaba hama sAmAjika karmoM kI ora dhyAna dete haiM to nimna bAteM sAmane AtI haiM / inheM bhI allAha kA Adeza mAnanA cAhie ( 1 ) mAtA-pitA ke sAtha, sadvyavahAra karo; yadi tumhAre pAsa unameM se koI eka yA donoM vRddha hokara raheM to unheM ufa taka na kaho, na unheM jhir3aka kara uttara do, varan unase sAdara bAteM karo, namratA aura dayA ke sAtha unake sAmane jhuka kara raho aura duA karo - paravaradigAra ! una para dayA kRpA kara, jisa taraha pra ema, dayA, karuNA ke sAtha unhoMne merA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA hai / (2) apane sambandhiyoM ko, yAcakoM ko, anAthoM ko, dIna-nirdhana ko apanA haqa - adhikAra do / (3) mitavyayI bano, adhika yA faz2Ula vyaya karane vAle zaitAna ke bhAI haiM aura zaitAna ne apane paramAtmA kA ehasAna nahIM mAnA / (4) balAtkAra ke pAsa bhI na phaTako, yaha bahuta hI burA karma hai aura bahuta hI burA mArga hai / (5) anAtha ke mAla - sampatti ke pAsa mata jAo, eka uttama acchA mArga apanAo jaba taka ki vaha vayaskatA ko prApta na ho / (6) praNa yA vacana kI pAbandI karo, niHsaMdeha vacana ke bAre meM tumheM uttaradAyI honA par3egA / (7) pRthvI para akar3a kara mata calo, na tuma pRthvI ko vidIrNa kara sakate ho, na parvatoM kI uccatA taka pahu~ca sakate ho / (8) na to apanA hAtha garadana se bAMdha kara rakho aura na use bilkula hI khulA chor3a do ki bhartsanA, nindA, vivazatA kA zikAra bano / terA raba jisake lie cAhatA hai, rojI kA vistAra karatA hai aura jisake lie cAhatA hai| use sImita kara detA hai / ( 6 ) apanI santAna kI daridratA ke kAraNa hatyA na karo, allAha sabako anna dene vAlA hai, unakI hatyA eka bar3A aparAdha hai / (10) kisI ko nAhaqa qatla mata karo /

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islAma dharma meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 213 (11) kisI aisI vastu kA anukaraNa mata karo jisakA tumheM jJAna na ho / niHsaMdeha A~kha, nAka, kAna, hAtha, dila-saba kI pUcha-gacha honI hai|| (12) majadUra kI majadUrI usakA zrama sUkhane se pahale de do| (13) apane naukara ke sAtha samAnatA kA vyavahAra karo; jo svayaM khAmo vahI use khilAyo, jaisA svayaM pahano vaisA use bhI phnaao| (14) nApa kara do to pUrA bhara kara do, tola kara do to pUrA, ThIka tarAjU se tola kara do| (15) amAnata meM khiyAnata-beImAnI mata kro| kurAna meM kahA gayA hai mana amilA sAlihana mina z2ikarina ava unsA va huvA muminuna falA nuhayIyannAhU hayAtana tyyib|| valA najaz2iyannAhuma ajarAhuma biahasani mAkAnU yasamAlUna / ' ___ arthAt vyakti jo neka amala karegA cAhe vaha strI ho yA puruSa, bazarte ki ho vaha momina (ImAna, vizvAsa rakhane vAlA) use hama saMsAra meM pavitra jIvana vyatIta karAyeMge aura Akhirata meM-paraloka meM aise logoM ko unake uttama karmoM ke anusAra pratyupakAra yA pratiphala pradAna kiyA jaayegaa| 'sUre kahafa' meM aMkita hai-"innallajInA AmanU va amilussAlihAti innA lA nuz2Iu ajarAmana ahasanA amAlA"-jo ImAna lAyeM aura neka kAma kareM to niHsaMdeha hama satkarma karane vAloM ke phala naSTa nahIM kiyA krte| eka saccA musalamAna yaha AsthA rakhatA hai ki manuSya ko mukti prApta karane ke lie allAha ke nirdezana meM karma karanA cAhie; mukti kI prApti ke lie manuSya ko AsthA ke sAtha karmazIla rahanA hogaa| yaha AsthA aura karma donoM kA saMyoga Avazyaka hai / jIvana ko AsthAmaya banAnA hogA, binA AsthA ke karma aura binA karma ke AsthA bekAra hai| kevala karma, kevala AsthA kA prazraya lekara mukti prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI / islAma meM andhAnukaraNa ko pasaMda nahIM kiyA gyaa| ImAna ke pA~ca tattva haiM-(1) allAha (2) paig2ambaroM kI paramparA (3) dharma grantha (kuraAna, bAibila Adi) (4) devadUta (5) Akhirata yA paraloka / ina para vizvAsa, AsthA rakhane para hI eka vyakti musalamAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| 1-nahala 67

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214 ] [ karma siddhAnta jahA~ taka dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika karmoM kA sambandha hai unheM 'hakkullAha' kahA jAtA hai| roz2A, namAz2a Adi inhIM meM sammilita haiN| islAma dharma ke anuyAyiyoM para yaha farja hai ki (1) ve dina meM pA~ca samaya namAz2a adA kareM, (2) sAla meM eka mahIne taka (ramajAna ke mahIne meM hI) roz2A rakheM, (3) arthasampanna hoM to jIvana meM eka bAra avazya 'haja' kareM, (4) apanI vArSika prAya kA 23 pratizata dAna kreN| ina Avazyaka karmoM ke dvArA AdhyAtmika uddezyoM kI prApti ho jAtI hai / ye islAma ke cAra pramukha karma-stambha haiN| - khudA hamArI namAz2a kA bhUkhA nahIM, namAz2a ke dvArA manuSya ke jIvana meM, vyavahAra meM parivartana honA Avazyaka hai| namAz2a dvArA nimna bAteM jIvana meM AnI cAhie-(1) isake dvArA allAha ke astitva aura usake guNoM ke viSaya meM manuSya kI AsthA dRr3ha hotI hai| AsthA prANoM meM ghulamila jAtI hai, AtmA kA eka aMga bana jAtI hai| (2) namAz2a ImAna ko jIvita, tAjA rakhatI hai| (3) isake dvArA manuSya kI mahAnatA, uccAcaraNa, zreSThatA, sadAcAra kA vikAsa, sauMdarya kI tathA prakRti kI AzA-umaMgoM ko pUrA karane meM manuSya ko sahAyatA karatI hai| (4) namAz2a hRdaya ko pavitra karatI hai, buddhi kA vikAsa karatI hai, antarAtmA ko saceta tathA jIvita rakhatI hai, AtmA ko zAnti prApta hotI hai / (5) namAz2a ke dvArA manuSya kI acchAiyA~ prakaTa hotI haiM aura azubha, apavitra bAteM samApta ho jAtI haiN| roz2A manuSya ko allAha se prema karanA sikhAtA hai kyoMki roz2A kevala allAha kI khuzanUdI-prasannatA ke lie rakhA jAtA hai| isake dvArA allAha kI sannikaTatA kA anubhava hotA hai| yaha manuSya kI AtmA ko pavitratA pradAna karatA hai, use saMtulita jIvana vyatIta karane kA pATha sikhAtA hai, saba-santoSa tathA niHsvArthatA kA bhAva utpanna karatA hai| icchAoM kA, indriyoM kA damana karanA, unheM niyaMtrita karanA AtA hai| bhUkha-pyAsa kI anubhUti se sahAnubhUti, dayA, karuNA ke bhAva manuSya meM utpanna hote haiM / isake dvArA manuSya anuzAsanamaya jIvana vyatIta karatA hai, sAmAjikatA kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / ... 'jakAta' islAma kA pramukha stambha hai| isa zabda kA bhAva to 'pAvanatA' hai, lekina vyavahAra meM vArSika dAna-cAhe rupayoM-paisoM ke rUpa meM ho, cAhe vastuoM ke-padArthoM ke rUpa meM ho, g2arIboM ko denA hai / lekina isameM dAnazIlatA ke sAtha khudA-prema, AdhyAtmika uddezya, naitika bhAvanA bhI zAkila hai| yaha svecchA se diyA jAtA hai, koI sarakArI dabAva nahIM jaise Ayakara meM hai| mAnava-prema kI yaha eka saccI abhivyakti hai / vArSika Aya kA kama se kama DhAI pratizata dAna denA, khairAta karanA anivArya hai / z2akAta haqadAra ko denI cAhie jisake pAsa apanI AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie kucha bhI na ho| anAtha, vikalAMga

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islAma dharma meM karma kA svarUpa ] [ 215 ko z2akAta dene meM prAthamikatA denI cAhie / z2akAta dene meM garva yA pradarzana nahIM karanA cAhie / 'haja' islAma kA aMtima pramukha stambha hai / haja pratyeka musalamAna strIpuruSa para farja hai jisake pAsa Arthika, zArIrika, mAnasika sampannatA-samarthatA hai / ise islAma dharma kA sarvottama aura mahAn sammelana samajhanA cAhie, amana va zAnti kI antarrASTrIya kAnphrensa hai / isake dvArA islAma kA sArvabhauma svarUpa ubhara kara sAmane AtA hai / mAnava-prema kA, samAnatA kA, vizva bandhutA kA isase uttama rUpa anyatra nahIM milatA / haja ke dvArA makkA madInA prAdi kI yAtrA karake hAjI loga usa yuga kA bhI smaraNa karate haiM jisa yuga meM haz2arata ibrAhIma ne makkA kA nirmANa kiyA thA / paig2ambara muhammada sAhaba jIvana vyatIta kiyA thA, sakala samAja meM prAdhyAtmikatA kI jyoti jalAI thI / islAma dharma ke anusAra manuSya ko apane karma karane meM pUrNa svatantratA hai, use mArga darzAyA gayA hai, allAha kI kitAba kuraAna ke dvArA aura paig2ambara muhammada sAhaba ke jIvana ke dvArA / use acche-bure kI saz2A avazya milegI / khudA kI ora se niyukta farizte usake pratyeka karma kA lekhA-jokhA darja karate rahate haiM aura qayAmata ke dina yome - mahazara meM usake karmoM kA vivaraNa'emAlanAmA' usake hAtha meM hogA aura tadanusAra use svarga, naraka meM DAlA jAyagA; use karmoM kA pUrA-pUrA badalA diyA jAyagA / yaha avazya smaraNIya hai ki yadi koI apane kie para pazcAttApa kare, kSamA mAMge aura vaisA gunAha na kare to allAha use kSamA kara detA hai kyoMki vaha 'rahIma' aura 'rahamAna' hai, vaha dayAnidhi hai, kRpAsAgara hai / yoM allAha sarvazaktimAna hai, usakI icchA ke binA pattA bhI nahIM hila sakatA / manuSya ko apane-Apako allAha ke adhIna samajhakara usakI khuzanUdI ke lie karma karane cAhie aura usa manuSya ko sarvazreSTha manuSya kuraAna va islAma kI dRSTi meM samajhA jAyagA jisake karma uttama haiM, jisakA AcaraNa zreSTha hai / "innalAhA lA yugaiyirumA bi qaumina hattA yugaiyiru sihi / ' niHsaMdeha allAha kisI jAti kI dazA ko usa samaya taka parivartita nahIM karatA jaba taka ki vaha apanI dazA ko nahIM parivartita karatI / 1 - kurAna, azrada ( 13, 11)

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pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyA-siddhAnta 0 DaoN0 ke0 ela0 zarmA bhAratIya darzana meM karma ke pratyaya kA prayoga jisa artha meM milatA hai usa artha meM pAzcAtya-darzana meM nahIM miltaa| aisA isaliye hai ki bhAratIya darzana meM cArvAkoM ko chor3akara sabhI dArzanika punarjanma meM vizvAsa karate haiM / ataH punarjanma kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM 'karma' ke pratyaya ko bhAratIya darzana meM samajhA gayA hai jabaki pAzcAtya-darzana meM aisA nahIM hai| kriyA-darzana pAzcAtya darzana zAstra kI eka navIna zAkhA hai| tattvamImAMsakoM ke atirikta manovaijJAnika, samAjazAstrI evaM vidhizAstrI bhI kriyA karma ke pratyaya kI vyAkhyA meM ruci rakhate haiN| tattvamImAMsakoM kI ruci mAnava svataMtratA evaM uttaradAyitva prAdi karma se sambandhita samasyAoM taka hI sImita thI / samakAlIna dArzanikoM kI ruci isameM hai ki karma kI vyAkhyA kAraNa-kArya ke rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai yA nahIM? kucha dArzanika mAnava-kriyA kI vyAkhyA kAraNa-kArya ke rUpa meM karate haiM to dUsarI ora anya dArzanika mAnava-kriyA/karma ko anya prakAra kI ghaTanAoM se bacAye rakhane ke liye kriyA athavA karma kI vyAkhyA abhiprAya evaM hetu Adi pratyayoM dvArA karate haiN| isa saMkSipta lekha meM hama mAnava kriyA/karma (Human action) ke svarUpa evaM usakI kucha samasyAoM tathA vyAkhyA karane vAle kucha siddhAntoM kA ati saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kreNge| pratyeka vyakti kriyA karatA hai cAhe vaha daihika ho (jaisA ki mAMsapezIya gati, hAtha uThAnA, koI cIja kharIdanA, pula banAnA, dUsare vyakti kI prazaMsA karanA yA usakI ha~sI ur3AnA Adi) yA mAnasika (udAharaNataH gaNitIya samasyA kA samAdhAna karanA, kisI rahasya ko chupAye rakhanA Adi) / lekina yaha tathya ki "manuSya kriyA karate haiM" isa dAve kI ora iMgita nahIM karatA ki *yadyapi pAzcAtya darzana meM bhAratIya darzanoM kI bhA~ti karma-siddhAnta kA vivecana nahIM milatA, para vahA~ kriyA-siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kriyA para vyApaka cintana kiyA gayA hai / cU~ ki 'karma' ke mUla meM kriyA antarnihita hai ataH dravya karma aura bhAvakarma ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM pAzcAtya kriyA-siddhAnta sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| isI dRSTi se yaha nibandha yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| -sampAdaka

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pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyA-siddhAnta ] [ 217 mAnava kriyA ko lekara koI samasyA nahIM hai / manovaijJAnikoM, vidhizAstriyoM, samAjazAstriyoM, ke liye 'kriyA' vaha vyavahAra hai jo kisI lakSya kI ora unmakha hotA hai / lekina 'kriyA ke bAre meM pleTo se lekara Aja taka ke dArzanika vibhinna prakAra ke prazna uThAte Aye haiM / kriyA ke sambandha meM pramukha rUpa se pA~ca prakAra ke prazna dArzanikoM ne uThAye haiN| ye prazna haiM : 1. pratyayAtmaka prazna (Conceptual) jaisA ki 'mAnava kriyA kyA hai, 'vyakti (Persons) kyA kara sakate haiM ?' athavA 'vyakti ne kriyA kI' aisA kahane kA kyA artha hai ? tathA 'aisA kahane kA kyA artha hai ki eka vyakti kriyA kara sakatA hai ?' 2. vyAkhyAtmaka prazna-mAnava kriyA kI vyAkhyA se sambandhita prazna jaise ki 'kyA bhautika zAstra, jIvavijJAna, ke siddhAnta evaM paddhati mAnava kriyA ko samajhane ke lie paryApta haiM ?' 'kyA vaijJAnika pratyayoM se itara kinhIM anya pratyayoM jaise ki soddezyatA (purposiveness) evaM lakSyonmukhatA (goal directedness) jaise pratyayoM kI mAnava kriyA kI vyAkhyA ke lie kyA anivAryatA hai ? 3. tattvamImAMsIya prazna-jaise ki kyA sabhI mAnava-kriyAe~ utpanna kI jAtI haiM' (are caused) ? kyA mAnava kriyA utpanna kI jA sakatI hai ? isa prakAra ke praznoM kA sambandha icchA-svAtantrya kI jaTila samasyAoM se hai 4. jJAnamImAMsoya prazna-jaise ki kyA nirIkSaNa yA kinhIM anya sAdhanoM ke dvArA hama yaha jAnate haiM ki hama kriyA kara rahe haiM ? "hama kaise jAnate haiM ki anya vyakti kriyA karate haiM ?" 5. nItizAstrIya evaM parA-nItizAstrIya prazna-isa koTi meM jo prazna pAte haiM ve haiM-kyA kriyAe~ athavA unake pariNAma acche yA bure hote haiM ? tathA aisA kahane kA kyA artha hai ki vyakti apanI kriyA yA unake pariNAma ke lie uttaradAyI hai ?' yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki kriyA se sambandhita pratyayAtmaka prazna (Conceptual questions) hI pramukha prazna haiM / kriyAoM kI vyAkhyA, kriyAoM ke kAraNa, kriyAoM kA jJAna, kriyAoM evaM unake pariNAmoM va mUlyAMkana ke lie sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki 'kriyA' kA kyA artha hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM, kriyA ke svarUpa se sambandhita siddhAnta kA sthAna tAkika dRSTi se kriyA ke vyAkhyAtmaka, tattvamImAMsIya, jJAnamImAMsIya, naitika evaM parA-naitika (meta-ethical) siddhAntoM se pahale AtA hai / ataH hama sarvaprathama kriyA ke svarUpa evaM vivaraNa (descriptions) se sambandhita samasyAoM para vicAra kreNge|

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218 ] [ karma siddhAnta mAnava kriyA kA svarUpa : .. mAnava kriyA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlane ke lie hama isa prazna para vicAra kareM ki hamArI kriyAe~ prakRti meM hone vAle vibhinna parivartanoM (Changes) se kaise mahattvapUrNa rUpa se bhinna haiM ? isa prazna ke uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava svayaM gati karane vAlA (self-mover) hai tathA vaha svayaM se apanI gatiyoM (kriyAoM) ko prArambha (initiate) karatA hai, nirdezita (direct) karatA hai evaM niyaMtrita karatA hai| jabaki parvata, miTTI, phUla Adi cIjeM svayaM se gati nahIM karatI arthAt. eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para nahIM jA sktiiN| lekina kevala 'svayaM gati karanA' pada se mAnava kriyAoM ko anya parivartanoM yA gatiyoM se vibhedita nahIM kara sakate kyoMki rAkeTa, jo jIvita prANiyoM kI.koTi meM nahIM AtA, bhI svayaM se gati karatA (self-propelled) hai, apane vyavahAra ko nirdezita bhI karatA hai, ataH kriyA ko samajhane ke lie kisI anya mAnadaNDa kI AvazyakatA hai| manuSyoM kI gatiyA~ isalie kriyA kI koTi meM AtI haiM ki unheM kartA (agent) aksara abhiprAyapUrvaka (intentionally) karatA hai| jabaki per3a paudhe, rAkeTa Adi vaisA nahIM kara sakate / una para kriyA kI jAtI hai / ve abhiprAyapUrvaka svayaM se kriyA nahIM kara sakate / mAnava apanI kriyA kA niyaMtraNa (Control) svecchA se kara sakatA hai| hamAre kahane kA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki manuSya sadaiva sakriya rahatA hai balki kabhI-kabhI vaha niSkriya (passive) bhI hotA hai tathA usa para kriyA kI jAtI hai / usa sthiti meM manuSya evaM nimna prANiyoM ke vyavahAra meM antara spaSTa dikhAI nahIM detaa| koI vyakti yaha kaha sakatA hai ki manuSya sadaiva apane vyavahAra ko niyaMtrita nahIM kara sakatA ataH vaha nirjIva vyakti ke samAna hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM koI vyakti pA~cavIM maMjila kI khir3akI se giratA hai to vaha usI prakAra nIce giregA jaise ki koI bejAnadAra vastu nIce giratI hai| vaha apane girane ke vyavahAra ko bIca meM niyaMtrita nahIM kara sktaa| lekina yahA~ hameM do bAtoM meM bheda karanA cAhie-(1) kyA vyakti ko kisI ne dhakkA diyA yA (2) vaha svayaM se nIce kUdA / udAharaNa ke lie AtmahatyA hetu svayaM se nIce kuudaa| prathama sthiti meM vaha nirjIva vastu ke samAna hai lekina dvitIya sthiti vaha sthiti haiM jo manuSya ko nirjIva vastuoM se vibhedita karatI hai| yaha bAta sahI hai ki vaha donoM hI sthitiyoM meM apane girane ke vyavahAra ko niyaMtrita nahIM kara sakatA lekina girane kA kAraNa hI usake vyavahAra ko vibhedita kara detA hai| 'kriyA ke Antarika kAraNa' evaM 'bAhya kAraNa' kahakara isa bheda kI vyAkhyA karanA samasyA kA atisaralIkaraNa kahA jAyegA / udAharaNata: aisI bahuta sI mAnava gatiyAM (Human movements) haiM jinakA kAraNa

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pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyA-siddhAnta ] [ 216 Antarika hotA hai lekina hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate haiM ki ve aicchika evaM abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAe~ haiM tathA ve kartA ke niyaMtraNa meM haiN| udAharaNa ke lie hAtha kA kA~panA, mirgI pAnA Adi sahaja kriyAoM kA kAraNa Antarika (nAr3ItaMtra se sambandhita) hai lekina unako niyaMtrita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha bAta sahI hai ki usa cIja ko jo abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAoM ko anya kriyAoM se vibhedita karatI hai, ko batAnA atyanta kaThina hai| lekina vibhedIkaraNa meM kaThinAI ke AdhAra para abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAoM ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| isake atirikta agara abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAoM evaM anya prakAra kI kriyAoM meM bheda nahIM mAnA gayA to isake pariNAma mAnava-darzana, nItizAstra ke lie acche nahIM hoNge| jisa sImA taka abhiprAyAtmaka (intentional) evaM ana-abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAoM (non-intentional) meM bheda nahIM hai usI sImA taka manas yukta prANiyoM meM evaM manas rahita prANiyoM meM bheda nahIM kahA jaayegaa| abhiprAyAtmakatA kA uttaradAyitva (responsibility) se sambandha hone ke kAraNa kisI kriyA ko zubha aura azubha kahA jAtA hai| yaha hama jAnate haiM ki per3apaudhe evaM nirjIva vastue~ apane vyavahAra ko niyaMtrita nahIM kara sakate ataH hama unheM uttaradAyI bhI nahIM ThaharA sakate aura na hI unake vyavahAra ko zubha aura azubha kaha sakate haiN| - manasa aura zarIra ke sambandha kI vyAkhyA ke lie ve abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAe~ jinakA sambandha anivAryataH daihika gati (jaise ki khir3akI se bAhara kUdanA) se hotA hai, mahattvapUrNa haiM / kucha aisI bhI kriyAe~ hotI haiM jinheM mAnasika kriyAe~ kahA jAtA hai (jaise ki smaraNa karanA, pratimA (image) banAnA, dArzanika samasyA para cintana karanA Adi) / inakA daihika gati se anivArya sambandha nahIM hotaa| phira bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vyakti jo kucha bhI karatA hai vaha sabakA saba kriyA kI koTi meM nahIM AtA kyoMki gati evaM nizcalatA kriyA evaM akriyA meM bheda batAne ke lie bhI 'mAnava-kriyA' pada kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 'kriyA kyA hai' isa prazna kI vyAkhyA isa dRSTi se ki 'kriyA ko kaise variNata kiyA jA sakatA' ke dvArA bhI kI jA sakatI hai| kriyA varNana (action description) ke dvArA kriyA ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlane se pUrva hama kucha kriyA sadRzya lagane vAle pratyayoM para vicAra karanA caaheNge| kriyAe~ (actions) banAma prakriyAe~ (processes) : kriyA kA koI na koI kartA (agent) avazya hotA hai| jaise ki "usane (kartA ne) 'a' (kriyA) ko kiyaa|" yahI bAta kriyAoM (jaise ki merA hAtha

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220 ] [ karma siddhAnta uThAnA) ko prakRti kI prakriyAoM (jaise ki bUdoM kA vASpIkRta honA) se vibhedita karatI hai| kyoMki unameM kartA ke bAre meM batAnA Avazyaka nahIM hai aura na vahA~ uttaradAyitva kI bAta uThatI hai| kriyAe~ banAma bhAvAveza (Passions) : kriyA vaha hai jise koI karttA karatA hai| isa kathana meM yaha bhAva hai ki hama kriyA ko usake karttApana (agency) ke eka udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kara rahe haiM / kriyA isI kAraNa kucha ghaTita hone (happens to) se bhinna hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM usakA nIce baiThanA (kyoMki vaha kamajorI kA anubhava karatA hai) se usake gira par3ane se (kyoMki usakA paira kele ke chilake para par3a gayA thA) bhinna hai| kucha anya bAteM aisI haiM jinheM kartA karatA hai lekina ve kriyAoM kI koTi meM nahIM aatiiN| isa bAta ko samajhane ke lie nimna vibhedIkaraNoM para vicAra kIjie :kriyAe~ banAma mAtra vyavahAra (mere-behaviour) : ___ vyakti aise bahata se vyavahAra karatA hai jinake kartA ke bAre meM vicAra nahIM kiyA jaataa| isa prakAra ke karane (doings) ko kriyA kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jaataa| kriyA kisI ke sAtha ghaTita hotI hai (happens to some one) athavA kucha karanA par3atA hai (just happens to do) se viparIta-vyavahAra kI eka prakaraNa (item) hai jisake hone para (vyakti) niyaMtraNa kara sakatA hai| kriyAeM banAma paryavasAna (terminations) : kartA kriyAe~ (activity verbs : listening for, looking at, searching for) tathA upalabdhi kriyAe~ (achievement verbs : hearing. seeing, finding) meM bheda hai| prathama prakAra kI koTi, kriyAoM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai lekina dvitIya koTi (jo kevala kriyA kA pariNAma hai) nahIM krtii| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM vaivAhika saMskAroM meM bhAga lenA kriyA hai lekina gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karanA kriyA nahIM (saMskAroM ko karane kA pariNAma hai|) saMyama rakhanA (refraining) banAma kriyA na karanA (non-action) : nirvyApAratva yA prakriyatA (inaction) ke do mahattvapUrNa paryAya haiN| prathama hai saMyama rkhnaa| kisI mahattvapUrNa vyakti se vArtAlApa karate samaya macchara ke kATane se utpanna por3A vAle aMga ko na sahalAnA saMyama rakhane kA udAharaNa hai| dUsare prakAra kA nirvyApAratva kriyA na karane (non-action) kI koTi meM AtA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba maiM kursI para baiThakara par3ha rahA hotA hU~ to maiM bahuta-sI bAteM jaise ki lekha likhanA, mitra se gapa lagAnA, Adi nahIM

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pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyA-siddhAnta ] [ 221 kara rahA hotA huuN| yaha nirvyApAra kisI prakAra kA 'karanA' (doing) nahIM hai| inake karane meM maiM kisI prakAra sakriya nahIM hotA / ataH saMyama se bhinna hai| kriyAe~ banAma mAnasika kriyAe~ : kriyA meM daihika pahala bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM kucha karane ke rUpa meM yA abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM saMyama rakhane ke rUpa meM avazya honA caahie| ataH vizuddha rUpa se mAnasika kriyAe~ jo pUrNataH Antarika (internal) hotI haiM, kriyA kI koTi meM nahIM aatiiN| bAhya maukhika svIkRti denA kriyA hai lekina svayaM meM 'mauna svIkRti denA' (tacit assent) kriyA nahIM hai / cintita honA svayaM meM kriyA nahIM hai yadyapi pariklAnta rUpa se kadama bar3hAnA kriyA hai / pratyeka kriyA kA bAhya zArIrika pahalU (Component) hotA hai tathA isameM kisI na kisI prakAra kI zArIrika kriyA nihita hotI hai| kriyAe~ vyakti arthAt daihika (Corporeal) zarIra yukta kartA kriyA karatA hai| kriyA ko vaNita' karane ke lie kriyA ko vaNita karane vAle nimna tattvoM para vicAra karanA cAhiai - 1. kartA (agent) : ise (kriyA ko) kisane kiyA? 2. kriyA prakAra (act-type) : usane kyA kiyA ? 3. kriyA karane kI prakAratA (modality of action) : usane kisa prakAra se kiyA ? (a) prakAratA kI vidhi (modality of manners) : kisa prakAratA kIvidhi se usane kiyaa| (ba) prakAratA kA sAdhana (modality of means) : usane kisa sAdhana dvArA ise kiyaa| 4. kriyA kI paristhiti (setting of action) : kisa saMdarbha meM usane ise kiyaa| (a) kAlika pahala-usane ise kaba kiyA ? (ba) daizika pahalU-ise usane kahAM kiyA ? (sa) paristhityAtmaka pahalU (Circumstantial aspect) kina pari sthitiyoM meM usane ise kiyA? . 1. Nicholas Rescher-'On the Characterization of Actions'. The Nature of Human Action Edited by Myles Brand, pRSTha 247-54 2. kartA, kriyA prakAra tathA kriyA karane kA samaya tInoM hI kriyA ke varNana ke liye paryApta haiM lekina pUrNarUpa se nhiiN|

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222 ] [ karma siddhAnta 5. kriyA kI yuktiyuktatA (rationale of Actiom) : ise usane kyoM kiyA ? (a) kAraNatA-ise karane ke pIche kyA kAraNa thA ? (ba) pUrNatA (finality)-kisa uddezya (aim) se usane ise kiyA ? (sa) abhiprAyAtmaka (intentionality)-kisa preraNA se usane ise kiyA ? kisI kriyA kA kartA vyakti yA samUha (bhIr3a, saMsthA, pAliyAmeNTa) jo kriyA karane ke yogya hai, ho sakatA hai| samUha vibhAjita rUpa se (distributively) yA vyaktigata rUpa se athavA sAmUhika rUpa se kriyA kara sakatA hai| kriyA ke prakAra : pUrNarUpeNa jAti prakAra (fully generic type) kI kriyAe~ jaise ki khir3akI kholanA, paiMsila kI noka ko teja krnaa| lekina jaba ye kriyAe~ kisI viziSTa viSaya ko pora iMgita karatI haiM to viziSTa prakAra (specific type) kI kahalAtI haiM jaise ki 'isa khir3akI ko kholanA' 'usa paiMsila kI noka ko teja karanA' Adi / jAti ke vibhinna staroM meM bhI kisI viziSTa kriyA kA varNana kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM 'usane eka hAtha uThAyA' athavA 'usane apanA dAhinA hAtha uThAyA' / jaba bhI kriyA prakAra kI bAta kI jAtI hai usameM jise vyAkaraNa meM uddezya kahA jAtA hai, ko sammilita kiyA jAtA hai| jaise ki 'rAma mohana ko pustaka detA hai' isa kathana meM 'denA' kriyA prakAra nahIM hai balki 'mohana ko pustaka denA' (jo viziSTa prakAra kA udAharaNa hai) athavA kisI ko pustaka denA' (jo jAti prakAra kA udAharaNa hai) kriyA prakAra hai| kriyA kI prakAratA kriyA ke vizeSaNoM se jJAta hotI hai (jaise ki tejI se hAtha milAnA, halke se hAtha milAnA) prakAratA ke AdhAra para kartA kI mAnasika sthiti kA patA calatA hai| paristhiti kA paryAvaraNa, kAla, sthAna evaM paristhiti kriyA ke saMdarbha (setting) ko nirdhArita karate haiN| kartA ne kriyA kyoM kI ?' isa prazna kI vyAkhyA meM kAraNatA, pUrNatA (finality) evaM preraNA kA dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai jaise ki aicchika/anaicchika/ jAnakara/anajAne Adi / kriyA kI yuktisaMgatatA ke virodhI yugma (jaise ki aicchika anaicchika) aura kriyA ke prakAra, prakAratA (modality) evaM paristhiti kriyA pratyaya ke ubhayAtmaka svarUpa para prakAza DAlate haiM / 'vyakti' ke pratyaya, (jisake

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pAzcAtya darzana meM kriyA-siddhAnta ] [ 223 daihika evaM mAnasika paraspara sambandhita pahalU haiM) ke samAna kriyA ke bAhya (daihika evaM nirIkSaNIya) tathA Antarika (mAnasika evaM anirIkSaNIya) paraspara sambandhita pahala haiM / kriyA ke 'bAhya' pahalU kA sambandha usane kyA (What) kiyA tathA kaise tathA kisa paristhiti meM kiyA, se hai jabaki Antarika pahala kA sambandha usakI mAnasika sthiti (vicAra, abhiprAya, preraNA Adi) se hai| kartA ne 'kyA kiyA' aura 'kyoM kiyA' meM bheda kI bAta uThAyI jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kriyA ke varNana (description) evaM mUlyAMkana (evaluation) ke bIca eka vibhAjana rekhA khIMcanA, siddhAntataH sambhava bhI hai tathA vyAvahArika rUpa se vAMchanIya bhii| asImita vibhAjanazIlatA : sAmAnya bhASA meM vyaktigata kriyAoM (individual actions) jaise 'tAle meM cAbI ghumAnA' tathA jaTila kriyA meM bheda sarvavidita hai| kyA yaha bheda svIkAra karane yogya hai ? kyA pratyeka kriyA vAstava meM kriyAoM kA eka silasilA nahIM hai ? kyA sabhI kriyAoM ko khaNDa ikAiyoM (Components) meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kyA vividhatA (jaisA ki jIvoM ke virodhAbhAsa meM hai) sImA rahita nahIM hai ? sabhI kriyAoM ko vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vibhAjana kI bhI eka sImA hotI hai jo kartA kI mAnasika sthiti para AdhArita hai| do pramukha kriyA uktiyoM : eka vyakti ne kriyA kI' tathA 'eka vyakti 'kriyA kara sakatA hai' ke artha ko vizleSita karane yA nirdhAraNa karane kI do vidhiyA~ haiN| prathama prayAsa meM mAnava kriyA ko kinhIM prakAra ke parivartanoM yA ghaTanAoM meM 'ghaTita' kiyA jAtA hai / bhASAyI dRSTi se isa bAta ko isa prakAra kaheMge-kriyA uktiyoM (action talks) ko prakriyA-uktiyoM (non-action talks) meM vizleSita karane kA prayAsa karanA / kriyA uktiyoM ko isa prakAra vizleSita karane ke upAgama ko itara taMtrIya vidhi (extra systemic) kahate haiM / 'vyavahAravAda' (yahA~ vyavahAra kA moTe rUpa meM artha hai koI bhI daihika parivartana yA prakriyA) jo mAnava kriyAoM ko vyAvahArika ghaTanAoM se tAdAtmya karatA hai, isa upAgama kA udAharaNa hai / dvitIya upAgama ke anusAra mAnava kriyA kI vyAkhyA kramabaddha rUpa se . (systematically) kI jAtI hai / dUsare zabdoM meM isa upAgama ke anusAra kriyA yuktiyoM kI saMracanAtmaka taMtra athavA phalana (calculus) dvArA vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| kriyAoM kI vyAkhyA karane vAle kucha siddhAnta kriyA se sambandhita siddhAntoM kA saMkSipta paricaya dene se pUrva hama viTagainsTona ke isa kathana ko leM-"maiM apanA hAtha uThAtA hU~" isa tathya se agara

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224 ] [ karma siddhAnta hama isa tathya ko ki merA hAtha Upara jAtA hai yA uThatA hai ko ghaTA deM (yA nikAla deM) to kyA zeSa rahatA hai ?" yaha kathana samasyApUrNa hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, 'mere hAtha kI daihika gati evaM mere hAtha kI sAbhiprAya kriyA' meM kyA antara hai, yaha bindu vivAdAspada hai| upayukta samasyA ko samajhane meM nimna pA~ca siddhAnta sahAyaka haiM (1) mAnasika ghaTanAe~ kriyAoM ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM (Mental events as the causes of actions) isa dRSTikoNa ke anusAra abhiprAyAtmaka kriyAe~ (intentional actions) ve gatiyA~ haiM jo viziSTa prakAra kI mAnasika ghaTanAoM yA vyavasthAoM dvArA utpanna hotI haiN| isa dRSTikoNa ke anusAra 'mere dvArA merA hAtha uThAnA' kriyA ko isase pahale kI kAraNAtmaka ghaTanA yA sthiti dvArA vibhedita kiyA jA sakatA hai / ye kAraNAtmaka ghaTanAe~ kisa prakAra kI ghaTanAe~ haiM, isa prazna kA uttara isa siddhAnta dvArA yaha kahakara diyA jA sakatA hai ki kucha yuktiyA~ denA, nirNaya lenA, cunAva karanA athavA kriyA ke bAre meM taya karanA hI kAraNAtmaka ghaTanAe~ haiM / (2) karttA siddhAnta (Agency theory) isa siddhAnta ke anusAra gati . kA kAraNa ghaTanA na hokara svayaM kartA hotA hai| jaba maiM kriyA karatA hU~ taba maiM hI gati kA kAraNa hotA huuN| (3) niSpAdana siddhAnta (Performative theory)-isa siddhAnta ke anusAra isa kathana - 'gati eka abhiprAyAtmaka kriyA hai'-kA tAtparya kriyA kA varNana karanA nahIM hai aura na hI yaha batAnA hai ki vastue~ kaisI haiM athavA kisane kise utpanna kiyA / balki isakA tAtparya gati ke liye kartA para dAyitva lAgU karane kI kriyA kA niSpAdana karatA hai| (4) lakSya kriyAoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM (Goals as the explanation of actions) : kucha dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki kucha aisI bAteM haiM jo kisI gati ko kriyA banAtI haiN| ina vicArakoM ke anusAra gati kI vyAkhyA lakSya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara karanI cAhiye / pUrva sthita kAraNa jaise ki avasthA yA ghaTanA athavA kartA dvArA kriyA kI vyAkhyA karanA ThIka nahIM hai| (5) kriyAoM kA saMdarbhAtmaka varNana (Contextual account of actions)-isa siddhAnta ke anusAra gati abhiprAyAtmaka taba hotI hai jaba isakA varNana niyamoM, mAnakoM athavA calI A rahI rItiyoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai|

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jaina karma sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa 0 zrI agaracanda nAhaTA vizva meM prANImAtra meM jo aneka vividhatAe~ dikhAI detI haiM, jaina dharma ke anusAra usakA kAraNa svakRta karma haiM / jIvoM ke pariNAma va pravRttiyoM meM jo bahuta antara hotA hai, usI ke anusAra karmabandha bhI aneka prakAra kA hotA rahatA hai| usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa saba jIvoM va bhAvoM Adi kI vividhatA hai| jaina dharma kA karma-sAhitya bahuta vizAla hai / vizva bhara meM anya kisI dharma yA darzana kA karma-sAhitya itanA vizAla va maulikatApUrNa nahIM milatA / zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM sampradAya meM karma-sAhitya samAna rUpa se prApta hai| kyoMki mUlataH 14 pUrvo meM jo AThavAM karma pravAda pUrva thA, usI ke AdhAra se donoM kA karma sAhitya racA gayA hai / yadyapi zvetAmbara prAgamoM meM yaha phuTakara rUpa se va saMkSipta vivaraNa rUpa se milatA hai / para karma pravAda pUrva Adi jina pUrvo ke AdhAra se mukhya rUpa se zvetAmbara evaM digambara sAhitya racA gayA hai ve pUrva grantha lambe samaya se prApta nahIM haiN| digambaroM meM SaT khaNDAgama, kaSAya prAbhata, mahAbaMdha Adi prAcInatama karma-sAhitya ke grantha haiM to zvetAmbaroM meM baMdha zataka, karma prakRti, paMca saMgraha Adi prAcIna grantha haiN| ina sabake AdhAra se pIche ke aneka prAcAryoM evaM muniyoM ne samaya-samaya para naye-naye grantha banAye aura prAcIna granthoM para cUrNI, TIkA Adi vivecana likhA / Aja bhI yaha krama jArI hai / hindI aura gujarAtI meM aneka prAcIna karma-zAstra sambandhI granthoM kA anuvAda evaM vivecana chapatA rahA hai / aura naye karma-sAhitya kA nirmANa bhI prAkRta evaM saMskRta meM lAkhoM zloka parimita ho rahA hai / yadyapi isa sambandha meM gambhIratApUrvaka manana aura anubhavapUrNa abhivyakti kI bahuta bar3I AvazyakatA hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara karma viSayaka granthoM kI eka sUcI san 1916 ke julAI-agasta ke 'jaina hitaiSI' ke aMka meM prakAzita huyI thii| zrI kAnti vijayajI ke ziSya zrI catura vijayajI aura unake ziSya zrI puNya vijayajI ne aisI sUcI taiyAra karane meM kAphI zrama kiyA thaa| usa sUcI ko paMDita sukhalAlajI ne karma vipAka prathama karma grantha sAnuvAda ke pariziSTa meM prakAzita kI thii| isake bAda karma-sAhitya sambandhI eka bahuta hI ullekhanIya bar3A grantha pro0 hIrAlAla kApar3iyA ne panyAsa nipuNa munijI aura zrI bhakti munijI kI preraNA se likhanA prArambha kiyA thA, para vaha karma mImAMsA nAmaka grantha zAyada pUrA nahIM likhA gyaa|

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226 ] [ karma siddhAnta usa grantha kA eka aMza 'karma siddhAMta sambandhI sAhitya' ke nAma se saM0 2021 meM zrI mohanalAlajI jaina jJAna bhaNDAra sUrata se prakAzita huA thaa| isa grantha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA ke jJAta aura prakAzita karma-sAhitya kA acchA vivaraNa 180 pRSThoM meM diyA gayA hai| inameM se 116 pRSTha to zvetAmbara sAhitya sambandhI vivaraNa ke haiN| usake bAda ke pRSThoM meM digambara karma-sAhitya kA vivaraNa hai / vizeSa jAnakArI prApta karane ke lie yaha gujarAtI grantha par3hanA cAhiye / yahA~ to usI ke AdhAra se muni zrI nityAnanda vijayajI ne 'karma sAhitya nu saMkSipta itihAsa' nAmaka laghu pustikA taiyAra kI thI, usI ke mukhya AdhAra se saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai(1) baMdha zataka : zrI zivazarma sUri racita isa grantha para 4 bhASya nAmaka vivaraNa haiM, jinameM vRhada bhASya 1413 zloka parimita hai / usake atirikta cakrezvara sUri racita 3 cUrNI (?), hemacandra sUrikRta vinayahitAvRtti, udaya prabha kRta TippaNa, muni candrasUrikRta TippaNa, guNaratna sUrikRta avacUrI prApta haiM / (2) karma prakRti (saMgrahaNI) : zivazarma sari racita isa grantha para eka ajJAta vArtika cUrNI, malaya giri aura upAdhyAya yazovijaya kRta TIkAe~, carNI para muni candrasari kRta TippaNa hai| paM0 candUlAla nAnacanda kRta malayagiri TIkA sahita mUla kA bhASAntara chapa gayA hai| (3) saptatikA (saptati) : ___ ajJAta racita isa grantha para antara bhAsa, cUNiyoM, abhaya deva kRta bhASya, meru tuga sUri kRta bhASya TIkA, malayagiri kRta vivRti, rAmadeva kRta TippaNa, devendra sUrikRta saMskRta TIkA, guNaratna sUri kRta avacUrNI, somasundara sUrikRta cUrNI, muni zekhara (?) kRta 4150 zloka parimita vRtti, kuzala bhuvana gariNa tathA devacandra kRta bAlAvabodha, dhana vijaya gaNi racita TabbA hai / phUlacandra zAstrI kRta hindI gAthArtha - vizeSArtha prakAzita hai| (4) karma prakRti prAmRta : isa grantha kI sAkSI municandra grantha kRta TippaNa meM cAra sthAnoM para milatI hai / para yaha karma grantha prApta nahIM hai / (5) saMtakambha (satkarmanTa) : paMca saMgraha kI TIkA (malayagiri) meM do sthAnoM para isake avataraNa diye haiN|

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jaina karma sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraga ] [ 227 (6) paMcasaMgraha prakaraNa : ise candraSi mahattara ne pAMca granthoM ke saMgraha rUpa 693 gAthA meM racA hai| isa grantha para svopajJa vRtti bhI mAnI jAtI hai| dUsarI vRtti malayagiri kI hai| isake uparAnta dIpaka nAma kI vRtti 2500 zloka parimita hai / malayagiri kI TIkA va mUla kA gujarAtI sAnuvAda va saMskRta chAyA paM0 hIrAlAla devacanda ne prakAzita kI hai| (7) prAcona cAra karma grantha : (1) karma vipAka garga RSi kRta-mUla gAthA 168 / usake Upara ajJAta racita bhASya, paramAnanda sUrikRta 660 zloka parimita saMskRta vRtti, haribhadra sUri racita vRttikA, malayagiri kRta TIkA, ajJAta racita vyAkhyA va TIkA, udaya prabha sUri kRta TippaNa prApta haiN| (2) karma stava-mala gAthA 57, govinda gaNikRta, 1060 zloka parimita TIkA, hari bhadra kRta TIkA, ajJAta racita bhASya dvaya, mahendra sUri kRta bhASya, udaya prabha sUri kRta 262 zlokoM kA TippaNa, kamala saMyama upAdhyAya kRta saMskRta vivaraNa, ajJAta racita cUrNI yA avacUrNI / (3) baMdha svAmitva-mUla gAthA 54, ajJAta kRtRka TippaNa aura TIkA, haribhadra sUrikRta 560 zloka parimitta TIkA prAcIna TippaNaka para AdhArita hai| (4) SaDazIti-jinavallabha gaNi kRta, bhASya dvaya, haribhadra sUri kRta 850 zloka parimita TIkA / malayagiri kRta 2140 zloka parimita vRtti, yazobhadra sUri kRta vRtti, meru vAcaka kRta vivaraNa, ajJAta racita TIkA aura avacUrI, 1600 zloka parimita uddhAra / prAcIna 6 karma grantha mAne jAte haiM, unameM pA~cavA~ baMdha zataka aura chaThA saptatikA mAnA jAtA hai| (8) pA~ca navya karmagrantha-devendra sUri kRta : ina para svopajJa TIkA, anya kaiyoM ke vivaraNa, bAlAvabodha Adi prApta haiN| sabase adhika pracAra inhIM karmagranthoM kA rahA / hindI meM cAra granthoM kA anuvAda paM0 sukhalAlajI ne aura pA~caveM kA paM0 kailAzacandajI ne kiyA hai| gujarAtI meM bhI inake kaI bAlAvabodha va vivecana chapa cuke haiN| jinavallabha sUri kRta sUkSmArtha vicAratva athavA sArdha zataka bhI kAphI prasiddha rahA hai / isa para unake ziSya rAmadeva gaNi kRta TIkA tathA anya kaI TIkAe~ prApta haiM / jinakA ullekha 'vallabha bhAratI' Adi meM kiyA gayA hai /

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228 ] [ karma siddhAnta jayatilaka sUri ne saMskRta meM 4 karma grantha 566 zlokoM meM likhe haiM aura bhI choTe-moTe prakaraNa bahuta se race gaye haiM jinameM se 18vIM zatAbdI ke zrImad devacandajI racita karma grantha sambandhI granthoM ke sambandha meM merA lekha 'zramaNa' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| digambara granthoM meM SaTakhaNDAgama, kaSAya pAhur3a, mahAbaMdha, paMca saMgraha, gommaTasAra, labdhisAra aura kSapaNAsAra, tribhaMgIsAra Adi grantha ullekhanIya haiM / paMca saMgraha tIna kartAoM ke racita alaga-alaga prApta haiM / isa sambandha meM paM0 kailAzacandajI ne 'jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa' Adi meM kAphI vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| vartamAna zatAbdI meM zvetAmbara prAcAryoM meM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya sva. vijaya premasUri karma siddhAnta ke marmajJa mAne jAte rahe haiM / unhoMne saMkrama prakaraNa evaM mArgaNAdvAra Adi granthoM kI racanA kii| unake prayatna va preraNA se unake samudAya meM karma zAstra ke vizeSajJa rUpa meM unakI pUrI ziSya maNDalI taiyAra ho gayI hai / jinhoMne prAkRta, saMskRta meM karIba do lAkha zloka parimita khavagaser3hI, ThaIbaMdho, rasabaMdho, payezabaMdho, payaDIbaMdho, Adi mahAna granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ye sabhI grantha aura kucha prAcIna karma sAhitya sambandhI grantha zrI bhAratIya prAcya tattva prakAzana samiti, piNDavAr3A, rAjasthAna se prakAzita haiM / isI ke lie svatantra jJAnodaya priMTiMga presa cAlU karake bahuta se granthoM kA prakAzana karavA diyA hai| isa zatAbdI meM to itanA bar3A kAma pUjya vijaya prema sUri ke ziSya maNDala dvArA sampAdana huA hai, yaha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / karIba 15 muni to kaI varSoM se isI kAma meM lage hue haiN| prApta samasta zvetAmbara va digambara karma sAhitya kA manan, pAThana, manthana karake unhoMne naye karma sAhitya kA sRjana lAkhoM zloka parimita kiyA hai aura use prakAzita bhI karavA diyA hai / svatantra rUpa se hindI, gujarAtI, aMgrejI meM bhI choTI-bar3I aneka pustikAe~ kaI muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kI prakAzita ho cukI hai / kucha zodha kArya bhI huA hai para abhI bahuta kucha kArya honA zeSa hai| isa meM to bahuta hI saMkSepa meM vivaraNa diyA hai / vAstava meM isa sambandha meM svatantra vRhad grantha likhe jAne kI AvazyakatA hai| savayA jJAna ghaTe nara mUr3ha kI saMgata, dhyAna ghaTe citta ko bharamAyAM / soca ghaTe kachu sAdhu kI saMgata, roga ghaTe kachu auSadha khAyAM / / rUpa ghaTe para nArI kI saMgata, buddhi ghaTe bahu bhojana khAyAM / 'gaMga' bhaNe suNo zAha akabara, karma ghaTe prabhu ke guNa gAyAM /

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Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA 0 DaoN0 devadatta zarmA jaina darzana meM karma kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| karma ananta paramANuoM ke skandha haiM / ve samUce loka meM jIvAtmA kI acchI-burI pravRttiyoM ke dvArA usake sAtha baMdha jAte haiM / yaha unakI baMdhyamAna avasthA hai| baMdhane ke bAda unakA paripAka hotA hai / yaha sat (sattA) avasthA hai| paripAka ke bAda unase sukha-duHkha evaM karmAnusAra acchA-burA phala milatA hai| yaha karmoM kI udayamAna (udaya) avasthA hai| __ jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke anusAra jIva karma karane meM svataMtra hai kintu karmaphala bhogane meM parataMtra hai / arthAt phala dene kI sattA karma apane pAsa surakSita rakhatA hai / isa prakAra jIva jo bhI zubhAzubha karma karatA hai usake phala ko bhoganA Avazyaka hai| pudgala dravya kI aneka jAtiyA~ haiM jinheM jaina darzana meM vargaNAe~ kahate haiN| unameM eka kArmaNa vargaNA bhI hai aura vahI karma dravya hai| karma dravya sampUrNa loka meM sUkSma raja ke rUpa meM vyApta hai / vahI karma dravya yoga ke dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha baddha ho jAte haiM aura karma kahalAne lagate haiN| ye jIva ke adhyavasAyoM aura manovikAroM kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke ho jAte haiM / parantu svabhAva ke AdhAra para karma ke ATha vibhAga kiye jA sakate haiM jo isa prakAra haiM-1. jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvaraNa, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. nAma, 7. gotra tathA 8. antarAya / jo karma-pudgala hamAre jJAna tantuoM ko supta aura cetanA ko mUcchita banA dete haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahalAte haiM / ye pA~ca prakAra ke haiM-matijJAnAvaraNa, zrutajJAnAvaraNa, avadhijJAnAvaraNa, manaHparyAyajJAnAvaraNa tathA kevalajJAnAvaraNa / jo karma AtmA ke darzana guNa kA bAdhaka ho vaha darzanAvaraNa kahalAtA hai / yaha nau prakAra kA hotA hai| sukha-duHkhAnubhUti vedanIya karma ke dvArA hotI hai / samyak darzana kA prAdurbhAva na hone denA yA usameM vikRti utpanna karanA mohanIya karma kA kAma hai / isake aTThAIsa bheda haiM / Ayu karma jIva ko manuSya, tiryaJca, deva aura nArakI ke zarIra meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhatA hai| prANI

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230 ] [ karma siddhAnta saSTi meM jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya parilakSita hotA hai, vaha nAma karma ke kAraNa hai tathA jisa karma ke prabhAva se jIva pratiSThita athavA apratiSThita kula meM janma letA hai, vaha gautrakarma hai / abhISTa kI prApti meM vyavadhAna DAlane vAlA antarAya karma hai| jaina darzana meM karmoM kI dasa mukhya avasthAeM yA karmoM meM hone vAlI dasa mukhya kriyAe~ batalAI gaI haiM jinheM 'karaNa' kahate haiN| ye dasa avasthAe~ haiMbandha, utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, sattA, udaya, udIraNA, saMkramaNa, upazama, nidhatti aura nikaacnaa| karma pudgaloM kA jIva ke sAtha sambandha hone ko bandha kahate haiN| karma kI yaha prathama avasthA hai / isake binA anya koI avasthA nahIM ho sktii| isake cAra bheda haiM--prakRtibandha, sthitibandha, anubhAgabandha aura pradezabandha / sthiti aura anubhAga ke bar3hane ko utkarSaNa kahate haiM aura sthiti aura anubhAga ke ghaTane ko apakarSaNa kahate haiM / isa utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa ke kAraNa hI koI karma zIghra to koI vilamba se, koI tIvra to koI manda phala pradAna karatA hai / yadi koI jIva bure karmoM kA baMdhya ho jAne ke uparAnta bhI acche karma karatA hai to pUrva meM baMdhe bure karmoM kI phaladAna zakti acche karmoM ke prabhAva se ghaTa jAtI hai| yadi koI jIva bure karmoM kA bandha karake aura bure karma karatA hai to pahale bA~dhe hue bure karmoM kI zakti adhika bar3ha jAtI hai / isI prakAra yadi pahale acche karmoM kA baMdha karake bure karma karatA hai to zubha karmoM kA phala ghaTa jAtA hai| karmoM kA bandhana ho jAne ke turanta bAda hI koI karma apanA phala pradAna nahIM karatA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki bandhane ke bAda karma sattA meM rahatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM karmoM ke bandha hone aura unake phalodaya hone ke bIca karma AtmA meM vidyamAna rahate haiM / jaina zAstroM meM isa avasthA ko 'sattA' kahA gayA hai| karma ke phala dene ko udaya kahate haiN| yaha do taraha kA hotA hai-phalodaya aura pradezodaya / jaba karma apanA phala dekara naSTa ho jAtA hai to vaha phalodaya hotA hai aura jaba karma binA phala diye hI naSTa ho jAtA hai to use pradezodaya kahate haiN| niyata samaya se pahale karmoM kA vipAka ho jAnA udIraNA kahalAtA hai|' jaise akAla mRtyu Ayukarma kI udIraNA hai / eka karma kA dUsare sajAtIya karmarUpa ho jAne ko saMkramaNa kahate haiM tathA karma ko udaya meM A sakane ke ayogya kara denA upazama hai / karmoM kA saMkramaNa aura udaya na ho sakanA nidhatti hai tathA usameM utkarSaNa, apakarSaNa, saMkramaNa aura udIraNA kA na ho sakanA nikAcanA hai| jo karma AtmA kI jisa zakti ko naSTa karatA hai usake kSaya se vahI

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aAdhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ] [ 231 zakti prakaTa hotI hai / yathA-jJAnAvaraNa ke haTane se ananta jJAna zakti prakaTa hotI hai / isa pariprekSya meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka kriyA kA koI-na-koI phala avazya hotA hai / yadi kisI prANI ko vartamAna jIvana meM kisI kriyA kA phala prApta nahIM hotA to bhaviSyakAlIna jIvana anivArya hai| karma kA kartA evaM bhoktA nirantara apane pUrva karmoM kA bhoga tathA navIna karmoM kA bandha karatA rahatA hai / karmoM kI isa paramparA ko vaha samyaka darzana, samyaka jJAna tathA samyaka cAritra ke dvArA tor3a bhI sakatA hai / janmajAta vyakti bheda, sukha-duHkha tathA asamAnatA saba karmajanya hai / karma bandha kA kAraNa prANI kI rAgadveSa janya pravRtti hai / ataH karmabandha evaM karmayoga kA adhiSThAtA prANI svayaM hai| navIna karmoM ke upArjana kA nirodha tathA pUrvopArjita karmoM kA kSaya karake karmabandha se mukta huA jA sakatA hai| karma pravAha rUpa se anAdi hai| jaba se jIva hai taba se karma haiN| donoM anAdi haiM / paripAka-kAla ke bAda ve jIva se alaga ho jAte haiN| Atma-saMyama se naye karma cipakane banda ho jAte haiN| pichale cipake hue karma tapasyA ke dvArA dhIre-dhIre nirjINa ho jAte haiN| naye karmoM kA bandha nahIM hotA, purAne karma TUTa jAte haiM / taba yaha anAdi pravAha ruka jAtA hai-AtmA mukta ho jAtI hai| jaba taka AtmA karma-mukta nahIM hotI hai taba taka usakI janma-maraNa kI paramparA nahIM ruktii| jaina darzana kI ina mAnyatAoM ke pariprekSya meM yadi hama Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM para dRSTi nikSepa kareM to hama pAte haiM ki isa karmavAda evaM punarjanma ke siddhAnta se, jo bhAratIya saMskRti kA eka aMga hai, mahAkAvyakAra bhI achUte nahIM rahe / yahI kAraNa hai ki isa siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa aneka mahAkAvyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para huA / udAharaNa ke lie maithilI zaraNa gupta 'jaya bhArata' meM kahate haiM"karmoM ke anusAra jIva jaga meM phala paataa|" (pR0 264) tArAcanda hArIta apane mahAkAvya 'damayantI' meM ukta svara ko hI bhAsvaratA pradAna karate hue kahate haiM"nija karmoM ke anusAra jIva phala paataa|". (pR0 256) jIva jo bhI zubhAzubha karma karatA hai usake phala ko bhoganA Avazyaka hai| 'parama jyoti mahAvIra' mahAkAvya meM karmavAda ke isI tathya ko nirUpita karatA huA kavi kahatA hai

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232 ] [ karma siddhAnta. "usako vaisI gati milatI hai, jo karma bAndhatA jaisA hai / hotA hai jaisA bIja vapana, phala bhI to milatA vaisA hai|" (pR0 466) jIva ke zubhAzubha karma hI janma janmAntara taka usake sAtha rahate haiN| isa parisandarbha meM DaoN0 ratnacandra zarmA apane mahAkAvya 'niSAda rAja' meM kahate haiM "pApa puNya donoM ko kahate, munivara janma-janma kA saathii|" (pR0 20) . isa saMdarbha meM 'zivacarita' mahAkAvyakAra niraMjanasiMha yogamaNi kI spaSTokti to aura bhI dhyAtavya hai "janma-janma kA kAraNa karma, zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala deva / hote ye nizcaya hI prApta, brahma zakti se deya sadaiva / / " (pR0 62) puNya karmoM kA phala sukha pradAyaka hotA hai vahA~ pApa karmoM kA phala azubha evaM du kha pradAyaka hotA hai| isa tathya ko paMDita anUpa zarmA apane mahAkAvya 'siddhArtha' meM nirUpita karate hue kahate haiM "manuSya kI jo gati hai zubhAzubha,. vipAka hai so saba pUrva karma kaa|" (pR0 235) trivedI rAmAnanda zAstrI apane mahAkAvya 'mRgadAva' meM ukta abhimata kI hI saMpuSTi karate hue kahate haiM "para aba pachatAne se na hai lAbha koI, saba nija kRtakarmoM ko yahA~ bhogate haiN| ___(pR0 201) mahAkavi poddAra rAmAvatAra 'aruNa' kA to spaSTa abhimata hai ki vartamAna jIvana pUrva janma ke karmoM kA hI pratiphalana hai| ve apane mahAkAvya 'mahAbhAratI' meM kahate haiM "manuja kA vartamAna astitva, pUrva kA pratibimbita pariNAma / " (pR0 111) kisI bhI karma kA phala jIva ko vartamAna jIvana meM nahIM to dUsare janma meM avazya milatA hai / ye phala jIva ko janma-janmAntara taba taka milate rahate haiM jaba taka ki vaha apanI AtmA ko karma bandhanoM se mukta na karale / pUrva-pUrva janmoM meM kiye gaye karmoM ke phaloM ko bhogane ke lie hI barAbara isa saMsAra meM jIva kA AnA hotA hai / jIva apane karmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie nirantara janma letA rahatA

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Adhunika hindI mahAkAvyoM meM karma evaM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ] [ 233 hai / isI mAnyatA ko abhivyakti pradAna karate hue nandakizora jhA apane mahAkAvya 'priya milana' meM kahate haiM "kleza-mUla karmAzaya, bandhana meM bandhA jIva / janmatA au maratA, use kabhI na virAma hai|" (pR0 310) jaba taka jIvAtmA karma bandhanoM se mukta nahIM ho jAtI use bAra-bAra janma lenA par3atA hai "jaba taka na karma ho jAte hai, sampUrNatayA nirmala yhaaN| taba taka hotA hai punarjanma, nija karmoM ke anukUla yahA~ / " (parama jyoti mahAvIra, pR0 461) raghuvIra zaraNa 'mitra' punarjanma viSayaka ukta avadhAraNA meM hI AsthA prakaTa karate, hue kahate haiM "jaba taka karmoM ke bandhana haiM, milatA rahatA hai janma nayA / " (vIrAyana, pR0 138) jIva ko jIvana-maraNa se taba taka mukti prApta nahIM ho sakatI jaba taka ki vaha apane karmoM kA kSaya nahIM kara letA "jaba-taka na karma kSaya hote haiM, taba taka hotA avataraNa-maraNa / karmoM ke kSaya hote hI to, kara letI isako mukti varaNa // " (parama jyoti mahAvIra, pR0 478) dinakara ke 'urvazI' mahAkAvya kI nimnAMkita paMkti bhI kavi kI punarjanma meM AsthA kI dyotaka hai"kaba, kisa pUrva janma meM usakA kyA sukha chIna liyA thaa|" (pR0 31) karma evaM punarjanma kI ukta avadhAraNA kA bhAratIya jana-jIvana para itanA vyApaka prabhAva par3A hai ki pratyeka mahAkAvyakAra ne ise kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki hindI ke adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM meM ukta avadhAraNA kA nirUpaNa huA hai / ukta vivecita mahAkAvyoM ke atirikta 'nala nareza' (pR. 232), 'videha' (pR0 66), 'AMjaneya' (pR0 20-22) 'kalpAnta' (pR0 62), 'jAnakI jIvana' (pR0 166-67), virahiNI' (pR0 26), 'mIrA' (pR0 30) tathA 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra' (pR0 105) prabhRti mahAkAvyoM meM bhI karma evaM punarjanma ke prati AsthA kI spaSTa jhalaka parilakSita hotI hai||

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muktaka apane upArjita karma phala ko, jIva pAte haiM sabhI, usake sivAya koI kisI ko, kucha nahIM detA kbhii| aisA samajhanA cAhiye, ekAgramana hokara sdaa| dAtA apara hai bhoga kA, isa buddhi ko khokara sadA / dohA ciTThI lAyo cUna kI, mA~ge ghI nai dAla, dAsa kabIrA yUM kaheM, thArI ciTThI sAmI mAla / kAyasA vayasA matta, vitta giddha ya itthisu / duhamo malaM saMciraNai, sisuraNAguvva maTTiyaM // -uttarAdhyayana 4 / 10 artha-kAyA se, vacana se aura mana se madAndha banA huA tathA dhana aura striyoM meM Asakta banA huA ajJAnI donoM prakAra se (rAga-dveSamayI bAhya aura Abhyantara pravRttiyoM dvArA) karma mala kA saMcaya karatA hai / jaise alasiyA miTTI khAtA hai aura use zarIra para bhI lagAtA hai / jaha miDalevalitta garuyaM tumvaM ahe vayai, evaM pAsava kaya kamma jIvA vaccati prhrgii| taM ceva tavimukkaM jalovari gai jAya lahubhAvaM, jaha taha kamma vimukkA loyagA paiThiyA hoMti // artha-jisa prakAra miTTI se lipta tumbA bhArI hokara nIce calA jAtA hai usI prakAra jIva karmoM ke lepa se lipta ho bhArI bana kara adhogati ko prApta hotA hai / vahI tumbA miTTI ke lepa se mukta hokara laghutA ko prApta hotA huA jala ke UparI sataha para A jAtA hai / jIva bhI isI prakAra karma mukta hone para loka ke agrabhAga para pratiSThita ho jAtA hai| yathA dhenu sahasraSu vatso vindati mAtaram / tathA pUrva kRtaM karma, kartAramanugacchati // artha-jisa prakAra gau vatsa hajAroM gAyoM meM bhI apanI mAtA ko pahicAna letA hai, usI prakAra kartA ke pUrva kRta karma bhI usakA hI anusaraNa karate haiM (anya kA nahIM) arthAt karmoM kA kartA hI usake phala kA bhoktA hai|

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dvitIya khaNDa karma siddhAnta aura sAmAjika cintana

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32 / vaiyaktika evaM sAmUhika karma 0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI acchI-burI sthiti, car3hatI-utaratI kalA aura sukha-duHkha kI sArvatrika viSamatA kA pUrA spaSTIkaraNa kevala IzvaravAda yA brahmavAda meM mila hI nahIM sakatA thaa| isaliye kaisA bhI pragatizIlavAda svIkAra karane ke bAvajUda svAbhAvika rIti se hI paramparA se calA Ane vAlA vaiyaktika karmaphala kA siddhAnta adhikAdhika dRr3ha hotA gyaa| 'jo karatA hai vahI bhogatA hai', 'hara eka kA nasIba judA hai, 'jo botA hai vaha kATatA hai', 'kATane vAlA aura phala cakhane vAlA eka ho aura bone vAlA dUsarA ho yaha bAta asaMbhava hai'-aise-aise khyAla kevala vaiyaktika karmaphala ke siddhAnta para hI rUr3ha hue haiN| aura sAmAnyataH unhoMne prajA-jIvana ke hara kSetra meM itanI gaharI jar3eM jamA lI haiM ki agara koI yaha kahe ki kisI vyakti kA karma kevala usI meM phala yA pariNAma utpanna nahIM karatA, parantu usakA asara usa karma karane vAle vyakti ke sivAya sAmUhika jIvana meM bhI jJAta-ajJAta rUpa se phailatA hai, to vaha samajhadAra mAne jAne vAle varga ko bhI cauMkA detA hai / aura haraeka sampradAya ke vidvAn yA vicAraka isake viruddha zAstrIya pramANoM kA Dhera lagA dete haiM / isake kAraNa karma phala kA niyama vaiyaktika hone ke sAtha hI sAmUhika bhI hai yA nahIM, yadi na ho to kisa-kisa taraha kI asaMgatiyA~ aura anupattiyA~ khar3I hotI haiM aura yadi ho to usa dRSTi se hI samagra mAnava-jIvana kA vyavahAra vyavasthita honA cAhiye yA nahIM, isa viSaya meM koI gaharA vicAra karane ke liye rukatA nahIM hai| sAmUhika karma phala ke niyama kI dRSTi se rahita, karma phala ke niyama ne mAnava-jIvana ke itihAsa meM Aja taka kauna-kaunasI kaThinAiyAM khar3I kI haiM aura kisa dRSTi se karma phala kA niyama svIkAra karake tathA usake anusAra jIvana-vyavahAra banAkara ve dUra kI jA sakatI haiM, koI eka bhI prANI duHkhI ho, to merA sukhI honA asaMbhava hai| jaba taka jagat du:kha mukta nahIM hotA, taba taka arasika mokSa se kyA phAyadA? isa vicAra kI mahAyAna bhAvanA bauddha paramparA meM udaya huI thii| isI taraha hara eka sampradAya sarva jagat ke kSema-kalyANa kI prArthanA karatA hai aura sAre jagat ke sAtha maitrI karane kI brahmavArtA bhI karatA hai| parantu yaha mahAyAna bhAvanA yA brahmavArtA aMta meM vaiyaktika karma phala vAda ke dRr3ha saMskAra ke sAtha TakarAkara jIvana jIne meM jyAdA upayogI siddha nahIM huI hai|

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238 ] [ karma siddhAnta zrI kedAra nAthajI aura zrI mazarUvAlA donoM karma phala ke niyama ke bAre meM sAmUhika jIvana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiN| mere janmagata aura zAstrIya saMskAra vaiyaktika karmaphalavAda ke hone se maiM bhI isI taraha socatA thaa| parantu jaise-jaise isa para gaharA vicAra karatA gayA, vaise-vaise mujhe lagane lagA ki karmaphala kA niyama sAmUhika jIvana kI dRSTi se hI vicArA jAnA cAhie aura sAmUhika jIvana kI jimmedArI ke khyAla se hI jIvana kA haraeka vyavahAra vyasthita kiyA tathA calAyA jAnA caahiye| jisa samaya vaiyaktika dRSTi kI pradhAnatA ho, usa samaya ke cintaka usI dRSTi se amuka niyamoM kI racanA kareM, yaha svAbhAvika hai / parantu una niyamoM meM artha vistAra kI saMbhAvanA hI nahIM hai, aisA mAnanA deza-kAla kI maryAdA meM sarvathA jakar3a jAne jaisA hai| jaba hama sAmUhika dRSTi se karma phala kA niyama vicArate yA ghaTAte haiM, taba bhI vaiyaktika dRSTi kA lopa to hotA hI nahIM, ulaTe sAmUhika jIvana meM vaiyaktika jIvana ke pUrNa rUpa se samA jAne ke kAraNa vaiyaktika dRSTi sAmUhika dRSTi taka phailatI hai aura adhika zuddha banatI hai| karmaphala ke niyama kI saccI prAtmA to yahI hai ki koI bhI karma niSphala nahIM jAtA aura koI bhI pariNAma kAraNa ke binA utpanna nahIM hotA / jaisA pariNAma vaisA hI usakA kAraNa bhI honA caahiye| yadi acche pariNAma kI icchA karane vAlA acche karma nahIM karatA, to vaha vaisA pariNAma nahIM pA sktaa| karma phala niyama kI yaha prAtmA sAmahika dRSTi se karmaphala kA vicAra karane para bilkula lopa nahIM hotii| kevala vaiyaktika sImA ke bandhana se mukta' hokara vaha jIvana-vyavahAra gar3hane meM sahAyaka banatI hai| Atma samAnatA ke siddhAnta ke anusAra vicAra kareM yA AtmAdvaita ke siddhAnta ke anusAra vicAra kareM, eka bAta to sunizcita hai ki koI vyakti samUha se bilkula alaga na to hai aura na usase alaga raha sakatA hai / eka vyakti ke jIvana itihAsa ke laMbe paTa para najara daur3A kara vicAra kareM to hameM turanta dikhAI degA ki usake Upara par3e hue aura par3ane vAle saMskAroM meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se dUsare asaMkhya vyaktiyoM ke saMskAroM kA hAtha hai / aura vaha vyakti jina saMskAroM kA nirmANa karatA hai, ve bhI kevala usameM hI maryAdita na rahakara samUhagata anya vyaktiyoM meM pratyakSa yA paramparA se saMcarita hote rahate haiM / vastutaH samUha yA samaSTi kA artha hai vyakti yA vyaSTi kA sampUrNa jodd'| yadi hara eka vyakti apane karma aura phala ke liye pUrI taraha se jimmedAra ho aura anya vyaktiyoM se bilkula svatantra usake zreya-azreya kA vicAra kevala usI ke sAtha jur3A ho, to sAmUhika jIvana kA kyA artha hai ? kyoMki bilkula alaga, svatantra aura eka-dUsare ke asara se mukta vyaktiyoM kA sAmUhika jIvana meM praveza kevala prAkasmika hI ho sakatA hai / yadi aisA anubhava hotA ho ki sAmUhika

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vaiyaktika evaM sAmUhika karma ] [ 236 jIvana se vaiyaktika jIvana bilkula svatantra rUpa meM jiyA nahIM jAtA, to tattvajJAna bhI isI anubhava ke AdhAra para kahatA hai ki vyakti-vyakti ke bIca cAhe jitanA bheda dikhAI de, phira bhI pratyeka vyakti kisI eka aise jIvana sUtra se ota-prota hai ki usake dvArA ve saba vyakti Asa-pAsa eka-dUsare se jur3e hue haiM / yadi aisA hai to karma phala kA niyama bhI kisI dRSTi se vicArA aura lAgU kiyA jAnA cAhiye / abhI taka AdhyAtmika zreya kA vicAra bhI haraeka sampradAya ne vaiyaktika dRSTi se ho kiyA hai / vyAvahArika lAbhAlAbha kA vicAra bhI isa dRSTi ke anusAra hI huA hai / isake kAraNa jisa sAmUhika jIvana ko jiye binA kAma cala nahIM sakatA, use lakSya meM rakhakara zreya yA preya kA mUlagata vicAra yA AcAra ho hI nahIM pAyA / kadama-kadama para sAmUhika kalyANa ko lakSya meM rakha kara banAI huI yojanAeM isI kAraNa se yA to naSTa ho jAtI haiM yA kamajora hokara nirAzA meM badala jAtI haiN| vizva zAnti kA siddhAnta nizcita to hotA hai, parantu bAda meM usakI himAyata karane vAlA hara eka rASTra vaiyaktika dRSTi se hI usa para vicAra karatA hai / isase na to vizva zAnti siddha hotI hai aura na rASTrIya samRddhi sthira hotI hai| yahI nyAya haraeka samAja para bhI lAgU hotA hai / aba yadi sAmUhika jIvana kI vizAla aura akhaNDa dRSTi kA vikAsa kiyA jAye aura usa dRSTi ke anusAra hara vyakti apanI jimmedArI kI maryAdA bar3hAve to usake hitAhita dUsare ke hitAhitoM ke sAtha TakarAne na pAveM aura jahAM vaiyaktika nukasAna dikhAI detA ho vahAM bhI sAmUhika jIvana ke lAbha kI dRSTi use saMtuSTa rakhe, usakA kartavya kSetra vistRta bane aura usake sambandha adhika vyApaka banane para vaha apane meM eka bhUmA ko dekhe / duHkha se mukta hone ke vicAra meM se hI usakA kAraNa mAne gaye karma se mukta hone kA vicAra paidA huaa| aisA mAnA gayA ki karma, pravRtti yA jIvanavyavahAra kI jimmedArI svayaM hI baMdhana rUpa hai| jaba taka usakA astitva hai, taba taka pUrNa mukti sarvathA asaMbhava hai| isI dhAraNA meM se paidA hue karmamAtra kI nivRtti ke vicAra se zramaNa paramparA kA anagAra-mArga aura saMnyAsa paramparA kA varNa-karma-dharma-saMnyAsa mArga astitva meM AyA / parantu isa vicAra meM jo doSa thA, vaha dhIre-dhIre hI sAmUhika jIvana kI nirbalatA aura lAparavAhI ke rAste se prakaTa huA / jo anagAra hote haiM yA varNa-karma-dharma chor3ate haiM, unheM bhI jInA hotA hai / isakA phala yaha huA ki aisoM kA jIvana adhika mAtrA meM parAvalambI aura kRtrima banA / sAmUhika jIvana kI kar3iyA~ TUTane aura astavyasta hone lgiiN| isa anubhava ne yaha sujhAyA ki kevala karma baMdhana nahIM hai / parantu usake pIche rahI huI tRSNAvRtti yA dRSTi kI saMkucitatA aura citta kI azuddhi hI baMdhana rUpa hai| kevala vahI duHkha detI hai / yahI anubhava anAsakta karmavAda ke dvArA pratipAdita huA hai|

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240 ] [ karma-vimarza pAMva meM sUI laga jAne para koI use nikAla kara pheMka de to Amataura para koI use galata nahIM khtaa| parantu jaba sUI pheMkane vAlA bAda meM sIne ke aura dUsare kAma ke liye naI sUI DhUr3he aura usake na milane para adhIra hokara du kha kA anubhava kare to samajhadAra AdamI use jarUra kahegA ki tUne bhUla kI / pA~va meM se sUI nikAlanA ThIka thA, kyoMki vaha usakI yogya jagaha nahIM thI, parantu yadi usake binA jIvana calatA hI na ho to use pheMka dene meM jarUra bhUla hai / ThIka taraha se upayoga karane ke liye yogya rIti se usakA saMgraha karanA hI pAMva meM se sUI nikAlane kA saccA artha hai| jo nyAya sUI ke liye hai, vahI nyAya sAmUhika karma ke liye bhI hai| kevala vaiyaktika dRSTi se jIvana jInA sAmUhika jIvana kI dRSTi meM sUI bhoMkane ke barAbara hai| isa sUI ko nikAla kara usakA ThIka taraha se upayoga karane kA matalaba hai sAmUhika jIvana kI jimmedArI ko buddhi pUrvaka svIkAra karake jIvana bitAnA / aisA jIvana hI vyakti kI jIvanmukti hai / jaise-jaise hara vyakti apanI vAsanA-zuddhi dvArA sAmUhika jIvana kA maila kama karatA jAtA hai, vaise-vaise sAmUhika jIvana duHkha-mukti kA vizeSa anubhava karatA hai / isa prakAra vicAra karane para karma hI dharma bana jAtA hai / amuka phala kA artha hai rasa ke sAtha chilakA bhii| chilakA nahIM ho to rasa kaise Tika sakatA hai ? aura rasa rahita chilakA bhI phala nahIM hai / usI taraha dharma to karma kA rasa hai / aura karma sirpha dharma kI chAla hai| donoM kA ThIka taraha se saMmizraNa ho, tabhI ve jIvana-phala prakaTa kara sakate haiN| karma ke AlaMbana ke binA vaiyaktika tathA sAmahika jIvana kI zuddhi rUpa dharma rahegA hI kahA~ ? aura aisI zuddhi na ho to kyA usa karma kI chAla se jyAdA kImata mAnI jAyegI ? karma pravRttiyA~ aneka taraha kI haiM / parantu unakA mUla citta meM hai| kisI samaya yogiyoM ne vicAra kiyA ki jaba taka citta hai, taba taka vikalpa uThate hI raheMge aura vikalpoM ke uThane para zAnti kA anubhava nahIM ho sakatA / isaliye 'mUle kuThAraH' ke nyAya ko mAnakara ve citta kA vilaya karane kI aora hI jhuke / aura anekoM ne yaha mAna liyA ki citta vilaya hI mukti hai, aura vahI parama sAdhya haiM / mAnavatA ke vikAsa kA vicAra eka ora raha gyaa| yaha bhI baMdhana rUpa mAne jAne vAle karma ko chor3ane ke vicAra kI taraha bhUla hI thii| isa vicAra meM dUsare anubhaviyoM ne sudhAra kiyA ki citta vilaya mukti nahIM hai, parantu citta zuddhi hI mukti hai| citta zuddhi hI zAnti kA eka mAtra mArga hone se yaha mukti avazya hai, parantu sirpha vaiyaktika citta kI zuddhi meM pUrNa mukti mAna lene kA vicAra adhUrA hai / sAmUhika citta kI zuddhi ko bar3hAte jAnA hI vaiyaktika citta zuddhi kA Adaza honA cAhiye, aura yaha ho to kisI dUsare sthAna meM yA loka meM mukti dhAma mAnane kI yA usakI kalpanA karane kI bilkula jarUrata nahIM hai| aisA dhAma to sAmUhika citta zuddhi meM apanI zuddhi kA hissA milAne meM hI hai|

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vaiyaktika evaM sAmUhika karma ] [ 241 hara eka sampradAya meM sarva bhUtahita para bhAra diyA gayA hai / parantu vyavahAra meM mAnava samAja ke hita kA bhI zAyada hI pUrI taraha se amala dekhane meM AtA hai| isalie prazna yaha hai ki pahale mukhya lakSya kisa dizA meM aura kisa dhyeya kI tarafa diyA jAya ? spaSTa hai ki pahale mAnavatA ke vikAsa kI ora lakSya diyA jAya aura usake mutAbika jIvana bitAyA jAya / mAnavatA ke vikAsa kA artha hai-Aja taka usane jo-jo sadguNa jitanI mAtrA meM sAdhe haiM, unakI pUrNa rUpa se rakSA karanA aura unakI madada se unhIM sadguNoM meM jyAdA zuddhi karake navIna sadguNoM kA vikAsa karanA jisase mAnava-mAnava ke bIca dvandva aura zatrutA ke tAmasa bala prakaTa na hone paaveN| isa taraha jitanI mAtrA meM mAnavavikAsa kA dhyeya siddha hotA jAyegA utanI mAtrA meM samAja-jIvana susaMvAdI aura surIlA banatA jAvegA / unakA prAMsagika phala sarvabhUtahita meM hI Ane vAlA hai / isaliye hara eka sAdhaka ke prayatna kI mukhya dizA to mAnavatA ke sadguNoM ke vikAsa kI hI rahanI cAhiye / yaha siddhAnta bhI sAmUhika jIvana kI dRSTi se karma phala kA niyama lAgU karane ke vicAra meM se hI phalita hotA hai| Upara kI vicAra saraNI gRhasthAzrama ko kendra meM rakhakara hI sAmudAyika jIvana ke sAtha vaiyaktika jIvana kA sumela sAdhane kI bAta kahatI hai / yaha aisI sUcanA hai jisakA amala karane se grahasthAzrama meM hI bAkI ke saba AzramoM ke sadguNa sAdhane kA maukA mila sakatA hai| kyoMki usameM gRhasthAzrama kA Adarza isa taraha badala jAtA hai ki vaha kevala bhoga kA dhAma na rahakara bhoga aura yoga ke sumela kA dhAma bana jAtA hai isaliye gRhasthAzrama se alaga anya AzramoM kA vicAra karane kI guMjAiza hI nahIM rhtii| gRhasthAzrama hI cAroM AzramoM ke samagra jIvana kA pratIka bana jAtA hai aura vahI naisargika bhI hai| 000 re jIvA sAhasa Adaro, mata thAo tuma dIna / sukha-duHkha Apada-saMpadA, pUraba karma adhIna / / karma hINa ko nA mile, bhalI vastu kA yoga / jaba dAkheM pakane lagIM, kAga kaMTha bhayo roga /

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karma aura kArya-maryAdA - paM. phUlacanda siddhAntazAstrI karma ko kArya-maryAdA : karma kA moTA kAma jIva ko saMsAra meM roke rakhanA hai| parAvartana saMsAra kA dUsarA nAma hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva aura bhava ke bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| karma ke kAraNa hI jIva ina pA~ca prakAra ke parAvartanoM meM ghUmatA phiratA hai / caurAsI lAkha yoniyA~ aura unameM rahate hue jIva kI jo vividha avasthAe~ hotI haiM unakA mukhya kAraNa karma hai / svAmI samantabhadra 'prApta mImAMsA' meM karma ke kArya kA nirdeza karate hue likhate haiM "kAmAdiprabhavazcitraH krmbndhaanuruuptH|" "jIva kI kAma, krodha Adi rUpa vividha avasthAe~ apane-apane karma ke anurUpa hotI haiN|" bAta yaha hai ki mukta dazA meM jIva kI prati samaya jo svAbhAvika pariNati hotI hai usakA alaga-alaga nimitta kAraNa nahIM hai, nahIM to usameM ekarUpatA nahIM bana sakatI / kintu saMsAra dazA meM vaha pariNati prati samaya judIjudI hotI rahatI hai isaliye usake jude-jude nimitta kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| ye nimitta saMskAra rUpa meM AtmA se sambaddha hote rahate haiM aura tadanukUla pariNati ke paidA karane meM sahAyatA pradAna karate haiN| jIva kI azuddhatA aura zuddhatA ina nimittoM ke sadbhAva aura asadbhAva para AdhArita hai| jaba taka ina nimittoM kA eka kSetrAvagAha saMzlezarUpa sambandha rahatA hai taba taka azuddhatA banI rahatI hai| jaina darzana meM inhIM nimittoM ko karma zabda se pukArA gayA hai| aisA bhI hotA hai ki jisa samaya jaisI bAhya sAmagrI milatI hai usa samaya usake anukUla azuddha AtmA kI pariNati hotI hai| sundara susvarUpa strI ke milane para rAga hotA hai| jugupsA kI sAmagrI milane para glAni hotI hai| dhana sampatti ko dekha kara lobha hotA hai aura lobhavaza usake arjana karane, chIna lene yA curA lene kI bhAvanA hotI hai / Thokara lagane para duHkha hotA hai aura mAyA kA saMyoga hone para sukha / isaliye yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kevala karma hI AtmA

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karma aura kArya - maryAdA ] [ 243 vividha paristhiti ke hone meM nimitta nahIM haiM kintu anya sAmagrI bhI usakA nimitta hai ata: karma kA sthAna bAhya sAmagrI ko milanA cAhiye / koI sambandha parantu vicAra karane para yaha yukta pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki antaraMga meM vaisI yogyatA ke abhAva meM bAhya sAmagrI kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatI hai / jisa yogI kA rAga bhAva naSTa ho gayA hai usake sAmane prabala rAga kI sAmagrI upasthita hone para bhI rAga paidA nahIM hotA / isase mAlUma par3atA hai ki antaraMga meM yogyatA ke binA bAhya sAmagrI kA koI mUlya nahIM hai / yadyapi karma ke viSaya meM bhI aisA hI kahA jA sakatA hai para karma aura bAhya sAmagrI inameM maulika antara hai / karma jaisI yogyatA kA sUcaka hai para bAhya sAmagrI kA vaisI yogyatA se nahIM / kabhI vaisI yogyatA ke sadbhAva meM bhI bAhya sAmagrI nahIM kabhI usake abhAva meM bhI bAhya sAmagrI kA saMyoga dekhA jAtA hai kintu karma ke viSaya meM aisI bAta nahIM hai / usakA sambandha tabhI taka AtmA se rahatA haiM jaba taka usameM tadanukUla yogyatA pAI jAtI hai / ataH karma kA sthAna bAhya sAmagrI nahIM le sakatI / phira bhI antaraMga meM yogyatA ke rahate hue bAhya sAmagrI ke milane para nyUnAdhika pramANa meM kArya to hotA hI hai isalie nimittoM kI parigaNanA meM bAhya sAmagrI kI bhI ginatI ho jAtI hai / para yaha paramparA nimitta hai / isaliye isakI parigaNanA to karma ke sthAna meM kI gaI hai / milatI aura / itane vivecana se karma kI kArya-maryAdA kA patA laga jAtA hai / karma ke nimitta se jIva kI vividha prakAra kI avasthA hotI hai aura jIva meM aisI yogyatA AtI hai jisase vaha yoga dvArA yathAyogya zarIra, vacana aura mana ke yogya pudgaloM ko grahaNa kara unheM apanI yogyatAnusAra pariNamAtA hai / karma kI kArya-maryAdA yadyapi ukta prakAra kI hai tathApi adhikatara vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti bhI karma se hotI hai / ina vicAroM kI puSTi meM ve 'mokSa mArga prakAza' ke nimna ullekhoM ko upasthita karate haiM - "tahA~ vedanIya karito zarIra viSai vA zarIra tai bAhya nAnA prakAra sukha duHkhAni ko kAraNa para dravya kA saMyoga jurai hai / " pR0 35 usI se dUsarA pramANa ve yoM dete haiM " bahuri karmani viSai vedanIya ke udaya kari zarIra viSai bAhya sukha duHkha kA kAraNa nipajai hai / zarIra viSai Arogyapanau, rogIpanau, zaktivAnapanau, durbalapanau ara kSudhA, tRSA, roga, kheda, pIr3A ityAdi sukha duHkhAni ke kAraNa ho haiM / bahuri bAhya viSai suhAvanA Rtu pavanAdika vA iSTa strI putrAdika vA mitra dhanAdika.... sukha duHkha ke kAraka hI haiM / " pR0 56 /

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244 ] [ karma siddhAnta ina vicAroM kI paramparA yahIM taka nahIM jAtI hai kintu isase pUrvavartI bahuta se lekhakoM ne bhI aise hI vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| purANoM meM puNya aura pApa kI mahimA isI AdhAra se gAI gaI hai / amitagati ke 'subhASita ratna sandoha' meM devanirUpaNa nAma kA eka adhikAra hai| usameM bhI aisA hI batalAyA hai| vahA~ likhA hai ki pApI jIva samudra meM praveza karane para bhI ratna nahIM pAtA kintu puNyAtmA jIva taTa para baiThe hI unheM prApta kara letA hai / yathA 'jaladhigato'pi na kazcitkazcitaTago'pi ratnamupayAti / ' kintu vicAra karane para ukta kathana yukta pratIta nahIM hotaa| khulAsA isa prakAra hai karma ke do bheda haiM--jIva vipAkI aura pudgala vipaakii| jo jIva kI vividha avasthA aura pariNAmoM ke hone meM nimitta hote haiM ve jIva vipAkI karma kahalAte haiN| aura jinase vividha prakAra ke zarIra, vacana, mana aura zvAsocchavAsa kI prApti hotI hai ve pudgala vipAkI karma kahalAte haiM / ina donoM prakAra ke karmoM meM aisA eka bhI karma nahIM batalAyA hai jisakA kAma bAhya sAmagrI kA prApta karAnA ho| sAtAvedanIya aura asAtAvedanIya ye svayaM jIvavipAkI haiM 'rAjavAtika' meM inake kArya kA nirdeza karate hue likhA hai "yasyodayAddevAdigatiSu zArIramAnasasukha prAptistatsadvedyama / yatphalaM duHkhamanekavidhaM tadasavedyam / " pRSTha 304 / ina vArtikoM kI vyAkhyA karate hue vahAM likhA hai "aneka prakAra kI devAdi gatiyoM meM jisa karma ke udaya se jIvoM ke prApta hue dravya ke sambandha kI apekSA zArIrika aura mAnasika nAnA prakAra kA sukha rUpa pariNAma hotA hai vaha sAtAvedanIya hai tathA nAnA prakAra kI narakAdi gatiyoM meM jisa karma ke phalasvarUpa janma, jarA, maraNa, iSTa viyoga, aniSTa saMyoga, vyAdhi, vadha aura bandhanAdi se utpanna huA vividha prakAra kA mAnasika aura kAyika duHkha hotA hai vaha asAtA vedanIya hai|" ___ 'sarvArthasiddhi' meM jo sAtA vedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya ke svarUpa kA nirdeza kiyA hai, usase bhI ukta kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| zvetAmbara kArmika graMthoM meM bhI ina karmoM kA yahI artha kiyA hai| aisI hAlata meM ina karmoM ko anukUla va pratikUla bAhya sAmagrI ke saMyoga-viyoga meM nimitta mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / vAstava meM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti apane-apane kAraNoM se hotI hai / isakI prApti kA kAraNa koI.karma nahIM hai|

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karma aura kArya-maryAdA ] [ 245 Upara 'mokSa mArga prakAzaka' ke jisa mata kI carcA kI isake sivA do mata aura milate haiM jinameM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / inameM se pahalA mata to pUrvokta mata se hI milatA julatA hai| dUsarA mata kucha bhinna hai / Age ina donoM ke AdhAra se carcA kara lenA iSTa hai: (1) SaTkhaNDAgama cUlikA anuyoga dvAra meM prakRtiyoM kA nAma nirdeza karate hue sUtra 18 kI TIkA meM vIrasena svAmI ne ina karmoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai / yahA~ sarvaprathama unhoMne sAtA aura asAtA vedanIya kA vahI svarUpa diyA hai jo 'sarvArtha siddhi' Adi meM batalAyA gayA hai| kintu zaMkA-samAdhAna ke prasaMga se unhoMne sAtA vedanIya ko jIva vipAkI aura pudgala vipAkI ubhaya rUpa siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / isa prakaraNa ke vAMcane se jJAta hotA hai ki vIrasena svAmI kA yaha mata thA ki sAtA vedanIya aura asAtA vedanIya kA kAma sukha-duHkha ko utpanna karanA tathA inakI sAmagrI ko juTAnA donoM hai / (2) tattvArtha sUtra adhyAya 2 sUtra 4 kI 'sarvArtha siddhi' TIkA meM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue lAbhAdi ko usakA kAraNa batalAyA hai| kintu siddhoM meM ati prasaMga dene para lAbhAdi ke sAtha zarIra nAma karma Adi kI apekSA aura lagA dI hai| - ye do aise mata haiM jinameM bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti kA kyA kAraNa hai, isakA spaSTa nirdeza kiyA hai / Adhunika vidvAn bhI inake AdhAra se donoM prakAra ke uttara dete hue pAye jAte haiM / koI to vedanIya ko bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti kA nimitta batalAte haiM aura koI lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSaya va kSayopazama ko| ina vidvAnoM ke ye mata ukta pramANoM ke bala se bhale hI bane hoM kintu itane mAtra se inakI puSTi nahIM kI jA sakatI kyoMki ukta kathana mUla karma vyavasthA ke pratikUla par3atA hai| yadi thor3A bahuta ina bAtoM ko prazraya diyA jA sakatA hai to upacAra se hI diyA jA sakatA hai| vIrasena svAmI ne to svarga, bhogabhUmi aura naraka meM sukha-duHkha kI nimittabhUta sAmagrI ke sAtha vahA~ utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ke sAtA aura asAtA ke udaya kA sambandha dekhakara upacAra se isa niyama kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki bAhya sAmagrI sAtA aura asAtA kA phala hai / tathA pUjyapAda svAmI ne saMsArI jIva meM bAhya sAmagrI meM lAbhAdi rUpa pariNAma lAbhAntarAya Adi ke kSayopazama kA phala jAnakara upacAra se isa niyama kA nirdeza kiyA hai ki lAbhAnta rAya Adi ke kSaya va kSayopazama se bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai| tattvataH bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti na to sAtA-asAtA kA hI phala hai aura na

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246 ] [ karma siddhAnta lAbhAntarAya Adi karma ke kSaya va kSayopazama kA hI phala hai| bAhya sAmagrI ina kAraNoM se na prApta hokara apane-apane kAraNoM se hI prApta hotI hai| udyoga karanA, vyavasAya karanA, majadUrI karanA, vyApAra ke sAdhana jaTAnA, rAjAmahArAjA yA seTha-sAhUkAra kI sAhUkArI karanA, unase dostI jor3anA, ajita dhana kI rakSA karanA, use byAja para lagAnA, prApta dhana ko vividha vyavasAyoM meM lagAnA, khetIbAr3I karanA, jhAMsA dekara ThagI karanA, jeba kATanA, corI karanA, juA khelanA, bhIkha mAMganA, dharmAdaya ko saMcita kara pacA jAnA Adi bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti ke sAdhana haiM / ina va anya kAraNoM se bAhya sAmagrI kI prApti hotI hai, ukta kAraNoM se nahIM / zaMkA-ina saba bAtoM ke yA inameM se kisI eka ke karane para bhI hAni dekhI jAtI hai so isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-prayatna kI kamI yA bAhya paristhiti yA donoN| zaMkA-kadAcit vyavasAya Adi ke nahIM karane para bhI dhana prApti dekhI jAtI hai to isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? samAdhAna-yahA~ yaha dekhanA hai ki vaha prApti kaise huI hai ? kyA kisI ke dene se huI yA kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai ? yadi kisI ke dene se huI hai to isameM jise milA hai usake vidyA Adi guNa kAraNa haiM yA dene vAle kI svArthasiddhi, prema Adi kAraNa haiN| yadi kahIM par3A huA dhana milane se huI hai to aisI dhana prApti, puNyodaya kA phala kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yaha to corI hai / ataH corI ke bhAva isa dhana prApti meM kAraNa hue na ki sAtA kA udaya / zaMkA-do AdamI eka sAtha eka sA vyavasAya karate haiM phira kyA kAraNa hai ki eka ko lAbha hotA hai dUsare ko hAni ? samAdhAna vyApAra karane meM apanI-apanI yogyatA aura usa samaya kI paristhiti Adi isakA kAraNa hai, pApa-puNya nhiiN| saMyukta vyApAra meM eka ko hAni aura dUsare ko lAbha ho to kadAcit hAni-lAbha, pApa-puNya kA phala mAnA bhI jAye / para aisA hotA nahIM, ataH hAni-lAbha ko pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai / zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to phira eka garIba aura dUsarA zrImAn kyoM hotA hai ? samAdhAna-eka kA garIba aura dUsare kA zrImAn honA yaha vyavasthA kA phala hai, puNya-pApa kA nahIM / jina dezoM meM pUjIvAdI vyavasthA hai aura vyaktigata

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karma aura kArya-maryAdA ] [ 247 sampatti ke jor3ane kI koI maryAdA nahIM, vahA~ apanI-apanI yogyatA va sAdhanoM ke anusAra garIba-amIra ina vargoM kI sRSTi huA karatI hai| garIba aura amIra inako pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| rUsa ne bahuta kucha aMzoM meM isa vyavasthA ko tor3a diyA hai isaliye vahA~ isa prakAra kA bheda nahIM dikhAI detA hai phira bhI vahA~ puNya aura pApa to haiM hI / sacamuca meM puNya aura pApa to vaha hai jo ina bAhya vyavasthAoM ke pare haiM aura vaha hai AdhyAtmika / jaina karmazAstra aise hI puNya-pApa kA nirdeza karatA hai| __ zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to siddha jIvoM ko isakI prApti kyoM nahIM hotI ? __ samAdhAna-bAhya sAmagrI kA sadbhAva jahA~ hai vahIM usakI prApti saMbhava hai| yoM to isakI prApti jar3a-cetana donoM ko hotI hai| kyoMki tijorI meM bhI dhana rakhA rahatA hai isaliye use bhI dhana kI prApti kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jar3a ke rAgAdi bhAva nahIM hotA aura cetana ke hotA hai, isaliye vahI usameM mamakAra aura ahaMkAra bhAva karatA hai / zaMkA-yadi bAhya sAmagrI kA lAbhAlAbha puNya-pApa kA phala nahIM hai to na sahI para sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha to pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA hI par3atA hai| ___samAdhAna-sarogatA aura nIrogatA yaha pApa-puNya ke udaya kA nimitta bhale hI ho jAya para svayaM vaha pApa-puNya kA phala nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bAhya sAmagrI apane-apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai, usI prakAra sarogatA aura nIrogatA bhI apane-apane kAraNoM se prApta hotI hai| ise pApa-puNya kA phala mAnanA kisI bhI hAlata meM ucita nahIM hai| zaMkA-sarogatA aura nIrogatA ke kyA kAraNa haiM ? samAdhAna-asvAsthyakara AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi sarogatA ke kAraNa haiM aura svAsthyavardhaka AhAra, vihAra va saMgati karanA Adi nIrogatA ke kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra karma kI kArya-maryAdA kA vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karma bAhya sampatti ke saMyoga-viyoga kA kAraNa nahIM hai| usakI maryAdA utanI hI hai jisakA nirdeza hama pahale kara Aye haiN| hA~, jIva ke vividha bhAva karma ke nimitta se hote haiM aura ye kahIM-kahIM bAhya sampatti ke arjana Adi meM kAraNa par3ate haiM, itanI bAta avazya hai|

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karma-pariNAma kI paramparA 0 zrI kedAranAtha karma ke phala yA pariNAma ke liye kartA ke agale janma taka pratIkSA karane kA sacamuca koI kAraNa nahIM, kyoMki karma ke saMkalpa ke sAtha hI kartA ke citta para sukha-duHkha ke pariNAma zurU ho jAte haiM / tabhI se usakI taraMgeM bhI vizva meM phailane lagatI haiM / karma ho jAne ke bAda usake bhale-bure pariNAma bhI kartA ko aura jahA~-jahA~ ve pahu~cate haiM vahA~ ke saba logoM ko pratyakSa bhogane par3ate haiN| una pariNAmoM se paidA hone vAle kaI taraha ke pariNAmoM kI paramparA duniyA meM jArI rahatI hai| vizva kA vyApAra kisI taraha akhaMDa rUpa meM calatA rahatA hai / karma ke saMkalpa aura bhAva vizva kI usI prakAra kI taraMgoM aura AndolanoM meM turanta milakara una tattvoM meM vRddhi karate haiM / pratyeka manuSya yA dUsarA koI prANI apaneapane saMkalpa ke anusAra yA citta ke dharma ke anusAra una AndolanoM ke tattvoM ko AtmasAt karake unheM usI prakAra ke saMkalpa yA karma dvArA punaH prakaTa karatA hai| usameM se bho naI taraMgeM uThatI haiM aura phira vizva meM phailane lagatI haiM / sthUla karma aura unakI bhautika taraMgeM vizva ke vyakta-avyakta ko madada dete haiN| jisa prakAra kriyA-pratikriyA ke nyAya se karma, saMkalpa aura bhAva kA cakra vyakta-avyakta ke AdhAra para vizva meM satata jArI hI rahatA haiM / vyakti ke marane se yaha cakra banda nahIM ho jAtA / vaha virAsata ke AdhAra para Age jArI rahatA hai / virAsata kA artha yahA~ kevala vaMza-paramparA yA rakta kA sambandha na mAnakara karma aura saMkalpa kI sajAtIyatA samajhanA cAhiye / manuSya kI mRtyu ke bAda usake citta meM jo saMkalpa tIvra rUpa meM base hoMge, jo icchAe~, bhAvanAyeM aura hetu utkRSTa rUpa meM rahe hoMge, unakI taraMgoM aura AndolanoM kA mRtyu ke bAda vizva meM adhika tIvratA se phailanA yA jArI rahanA saMbhava hai| zarIra kA kaNa-kaNa jaise paMca mahAbhUtoM meM mila jAtA hai, usI taraha sAre jIvana meM usane jo satva yA tattva prApta kiyA hogA, vaha vizva meM rahane vAle sajAtIya satva yA tattva meM mila jAtA hai / hamAre bhale-bure karmoM kA phala isa janma meM nahIM to dUsare janma meM bhI sukhaduHkha rUpa meM hamIM ko bhugatanA par3atA hai, logoM kI aisI zraddhA hai / isa kAraNa samAja meM kucha samaya taka nIti ke saMskAra Tike aura bar3he bhI / zraddhA ke mUla meM logoM kI yaha samajha thI ki Izvara ke ghara yA kudarata meM nyAya hai / kucha samaya taka samAja para isakA acchA asara bhI huaa| parantu bAda meM yaha hAlata nahIM rahI / aba isa mAnyatA meM saMzodhana kA samaya A gayA hai| aba prazna khar3A huA

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karma-pariNAma kI paramparA ] [ 246 hai ki hamAre karmoM kA phala khuda hamIM ko bhoganA par3atA hai yA nahIM ? kaI logoM kA yaha khayAla bhI hone lagA hai ki punarjanma, karmavAda vagairaha tamAma mAnyatAyeM galata haiM, isakA bahujana-samAja para jaldI hI burA asara honA saMbhava hai| aise samaya Izvara, bhakti, pUnarjanma, mokSa prAdi para se logoM kI zraddhA miTe, isake pahale hI vicAravAna aura jana hita-cintaka vyaktiyoM ko cAhiye ki ve samAja ke sAmane sahI vicAra rakhakara unameM nIti aura sadAcAra kI bhAvanAe~ jAgrata kareM aura unheM dRr3ha kareM, anyathA pUrva zraddhA se chUTe hue logoM ke nAstikatA meM phaMsa jAne aura svecchAcArI hone kA bar3A bhaya hai / isa avasthA meM yadi kucha loga yaha mahasUsa kareM ki aisA hone ke bajAya dharma kI galata aura bhrAmaka mAnyatAyeM honA bhI acchA hai to Azcarya nahIM / hamAre karma kA phala khuda hameM to bhoganA hI par3atA hai, sAtha hI sAtha dUsaroM ko bhI bhoganA par3atA hai / isa niyama para aba hameM vizvAsa rakhanA cAhiye / mAnava-jagat kA nyAya sAmUhika paddhati para calatA hai / isaliye hamAre karmoM kA * phala hameM na milakara samaha ko bhI milegaa| apane karmoM kA phala hameM isa janma meM yA dUsare janma meM bhoganA par3atA hai, isa mAnyatA meM apanepana kI kalpanA isa janma aura dUsare janma ke apane taka hI arthAt apane jIva taka hI sImita rahatI hai / isameM saMkucitatA aura avalokana zakti kI apUrNatA mAlUma hotI hai| isaliye yaha saMkucita kalpanA chor3akara hameM apanepana kI vizAla kalpanA dhAraNa karanI cAhiye / hamArA prAtmabhAva jaise-jaise vyApaka hotA jAyegA, vaise-vaise yaha nyAya hameM ucita dikhAI dene lagegA / mAnava-jIvana, mAnava-sambandha, mAnavasaMkalpa aura vizva ke vyakta-avyakta vyApAra sabakI dRSTi se yaha mAnyatA aura yaha nyAya adhika udAtta, satya aura zraddheya hai / isa nyAya niSThA se raheMge, to hamameM ApasI prema, vizvAsa aura ekatA bar3hegI, samabhAva paidA hogA aura kula milAkara hama saba mAnavatA kI dizA meM pragati kreNge| isake liye hameM apane karmoM aura saMkalpoM kA vicAra karake unameM rahane vAlI azuddhatA dUra karanI cAhiye, hameM zubha karma karane cAhiye aura zubha saMkalpa dhAraNa karane caahiye| sabakI zuddhi aura unnati ke liye hameM satkarmarata aura sadguNI bananA caahiye| premI aura kalyANa icchUka mAtA-pitA apanI santAna para acche saMskAra DAlane aura usakI unnati ke liye khuda saMyamI, sadguNI aura sadAcArI rahate haiM / isI prakAra sArI mAnava-jAti para hamArA prema ho, sabake prati hamAre mana meM sahAnubhUti ho, to samasta mAnava-jAti ke liye dharma mArga se kaSTa sahana karane meM hameM dhanyatA kA anubhava hogaa| kevala apane viSaya kI saMkucita bhAvanA se kaSTa sahana karane ke bajAya mAnavatA aura ekatA kI vizAla bhAvanA se kaSTa sahana karane meM jIvana kI saccI sArthakatA hai /

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35 karmakSaya aura pravRtti ] zrI kizoralAla madhruvAlA eka sajjana mitra likhate haiM- "kucha loga kahate haiM ki karma kA sampUrNa kSaya hue binA mokSa kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, aura karma se nivRtta hue binA karmakSaya kI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / isaliye nivRtti mArga hI prAtmajJAna athavA mokSa kA mArga hai / kyoMki jo bhI karma kiyA jAtA hai, usakA phala avazya milatA hai / arthAt manuSya jaba taka karma meM pravRtta rahegA taba taka vaha cAhe anAsakti se karma karatA ho to bhI karmaphala ke bhAra se mukta nahIM ho sakatA / isase karma bandhana kA AvaraNa haTane ke badale ulaTA ghanA hogA / isake phalasvarUpa usakI sAdhanA khaMDita hogI / loka-kalyANa kI dRSTi se bhale hI anAsakti vAlA karmayoga iSTa ho, parantu usase AtmajJAna kI sAdhanA saphala nahIM hogI / isa viSaya meM maiM Apake vicAra jAnanA cAhatA hU~ / " merI namra rAya meM karma kyA, karma kA bandhana aura kSaya kyA, pravRtti aura nivRtti kyA, AtmajJAna aura mokSa kyA ityAdi kI hamArI kalpanAeM bahuta hI aspaSTa haiM / ataeva isa sambandha meM hama ulajhana meM par3a jAte haiM aura sAdhanoM meM gote lagAte rahate haiM / isa sambandha meM pahale hameM yaha samajha lenA cAhiye ki zarIra, vANI aura mana kI kriyAmAtra karma hai / karma kA yadi hama yaha artha lete haiM to jaba taka deha hai taba taka koI bhI manuSya karma karanA bilakula chor3a nahIM sakatA / kathAnoM meM AtA hai usa taraha koI muni cAhe to varSa bhara taka nirvikalpa samAdhi meM nizceSTa hokara par3A rahe parantu jisa kSaNa vaha uThatA usa kSaNa vaha kucha na kucha karma avazya karegA / isake alAvA yadi hamArI kalpanA aisI ho ki hamArA vyaktitva deha se pare janma-janmAntara pAne vAlA jIva rUpa hai, taba to deha ke binA bhI vaha kriyAvAna rahegA / yadi karma se nivRtta hue binA karmakSaya na ho sake to usakA yaha artha huA ki karmakSaya hone kI kabhI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / isaliye nivRtti athavA niSkarmatA kA artha sthUla niSkriyatA samajhane meM bhUla hotI hai / niSkarmatA sUkSma vastu hai / vaha prAdhyAtmika arthAt bauddhika, mAnasika, naitika bhAvanA-viSayaka aura isase bhI pare bodhAtmaka (saMvedanAtmaka ) hai / ka, kha, ga, gha nAma ke cAra vyakti pa, pha, ba, bha nAma ke cAra bhUkhe AdamiyoM

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karmakSaya aura pravRtti ] [ 251 ko eka sA anna dete haiN| cAroM bAhya karma karate haiM aura cAroM ko sAmAna sthUla tRpti hotI hai| parantu sambhava hai ki 'ka' lobha se detA ho, 'kha' tiraskAra se detA ho, 'ga' puNyecchA se detA ho aura 'gha' AtmabhAva se svabhAvataH detA ho / usI taraha 'pa' duHkha mAnakara letA ho, 'pha' meharabAnI mAnakara letA ho, 'ba' upakAraka bhAvanA se letA ho, 'bha' mitra bhAva se letA ho| annavyaya aura kSudhAtRpti rUpI bAhya phala sabakA samAna hone para bhI ina bhedoM ke kAraNa karma ke bandhana aura kSaya kI dRSTi se bahuta pharka par3a jAtA hai| usI taraha ka, kha, ga, gha, se pa, pha, ba, bha anna mAMgeM aura cAroM vyakti unheM bhojana nahIM karAveM, to isameM karma se samAna parAvRtti hai aura cAroM kI sthUla bhUkha para isakA samAna pariNAma hotA hai| phira bhI bhojana na karAveM yA jala na pAne ke pIche rahI buddhi, bhAvanA, nIti, saMvedanA ityAdi bheda se isa karma-parAvRtti se karma ke baMdhana aura kSaya eka se nahIM hote| __to yahA~ pravRtti aura nivRtti ke sAtha punarAvRtti aura vRtti zabda bhI yAda rakhane jaise haiN| parAvRtti kA artha nivRtti nahIM hai| parantu bahuta se loga parAvRtti ko hI nivRtti mAna baiThate haiM aura vRtti athavA vartana kA artha pravRtti nahIM hai / parantu bahuta se loga vRtti ko hI pravRtti samajhate haiN| vRtti kA artha hai kevala brtnaa| pravRtti kA artha hai vizeSa prakAra ke AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se brtnaa| parAvRtti kA artha hai vartana kA abhAva, nivRtti kA artha hai vRtti tathA parAvRtti sambandhI pravRtti se bhinna prakAra kI eka viziSTa AdhyAtmika sNvednaa| aba karma-bandhana aura karmakSaya ke viSaya meM bahutoM kA aisA khayAla mAlUma hotA hai, mAno karma nAma kI hara eka ke pAsa eka taraha kI pUjI hai| pA~ca hajAra rupaye TraMka meM rakhe hue hoM aura unameM kisI taraha kI vRddhi na ho parantu unakA kharca hotA rahe, to do-cAra varSa meM yA paccIsa varSa meM to ve saba avazya kharca ho jAyeMge / parantu yadi manuSya unheM kisI kArobAra meM lagAtA hai to unameM kamovezI hogI aura sambhava hai ki pAMca hajAra ke lAkha bhI ho jAyeM yA lAkha na hokara ulTA karja ho jAya / yaha ghATA bhI ciMtA aura duHkha utpanna karatA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se manuSya aisI citA aura duHkha kI sambhAvanA se ghabarAte nahIM aura lAkha hone kI sambhAvanA se aprasanna nahIM hote| ve na to rupayoM kA kSaya karanA cAhate haiM aura na rupayoM ke bandhana meM par3ane se duHkhI hote haiN| nivRttimArgI sAdhu bhI maMdiroM meM aura pustakAlayoM meM bar3hane vAle parigraha se ciMtAtura nahIM hote| parantu karma nAma kI pUjI kI hamane kucha aiso kalpanA kI hai mAno vaha eka bar3I gaTharI hai aura usako kholakara, jaise bane vaise use khatma kara DAlane meM hI manuSya kA zreya hai, karma kA vyApAra karake usase lAbha uThAne meM nhiiN|

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252 ] [ karma siddhAnta karma ko pUjI kI taraha samajhane ke kAraNa use khatma karane kI aisI kalpanA paidA huI hai| parantu karma kA baMdhana rupayoM kI gaTharI jaisA nahIM hai / aura vRtti-parAvRtti athavA sthUla pravRtti-nivRtti se yaha gaTharI ghaTatI-bar3hatI nahIM hai| jagat meM koI bhI kriyA ho cAhe jAnane meM ho yA anajAna meM vaha vividha prakAra ke sthUla aura sUkSma pariNAma eka hI samaya meM yA bhinna-bhinna samaya meM, turanta yA kAlAntara meM eka hI sAtha yA raha-rahakara paidA karatI hai| ina pariNAmoM meM se eka pariNAma karma karane vAle ke jJAna aura cAritra ke Upara kisI taraha kA rajakaraNa jitanA hI asara upajAne kA hotA hai| karor3oM karmoM ke aise karor3oM asaroM ke pariNAmasvarUpa hara eka jIva kA jJAna-cAritra kA vyaktitva banatA hai| yaha nirmANa yadi uttarottara zuddha hotA jAye aura jJAna, dharma, vairAgya ityAdi kI ora adhikAdhika jhukatA jAye to usake karma kA kSaya hotA hai aisA kahA jaayegaa| yadi vaha uttarottara azuddha hotA jAye--ajJAna, adharma, rAga ityAdi ke prati bar3hatA jAye to usake karma kA saMcaya hotA hai aisA kahA jaayegaa| isI taraha karmoM kI vRtti-parAvRtti nahIM, parantu karma kA jIva ke jJAnacAritra para hone vAlA asara hI baMdhana aura mokSa kA kAraNa hai| jIvana-kAla meM mokSa prApta karane kA artha hai aisI ucca sthiti kA Adarza, jisa sthiti ke prApta hone ke bAda usa vyakti ke jJAna-cAritra para aisA asara paidA na ho ki usameM punaH azuddhi ghusa sake / isake liye kartavya-karmoM kA viveka to avazya karanA pdd'egaa| udAharaNArtha apakarma nahIM karane cAhiye, karttavya rUpa karma to karane hI cAhiye, akarttavya karma chor3ane hI cAhiye / cittazuddhi meM sahAyaka siddha hone vAle dAna, tapa aura bhakti ke karma karane cAhiye ityAdi / isI taraha karma karane kI rIti meM bhI viveka karanA pdd'egaa| jaise jJAnapUrvaka karma karanA, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka karanA, satya, ahiMsA Adi niyamoM kA pAlana karate hue karanA, niSkAma bhAva se athavA anAsakti bhAva se karanA ityAdi / parantu yaha kalpanA galata hai ki karmoM se parAvRtti hone para karmakSaya hotA hai| kartavya rUpa karma se parAvRtta hone kI apekSA kadAcit sakAma bhAva se athavA Asakti bhAva se kiye hue satkarmoM se adhika karma-baMdhana hone kI pUrI sambhAvanA hai|

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kartavya-karma 3 0 svAmI zaraNAnanda pratyeka karttavya-karma kA sambandha vartamAna se hai / ataH bhaviSya meM jo kucha karanA hai, usakA cintana tabhI taka hotA hai, jaba taka mAnava kartavyaniSTha nahIM hotA aura vizrAma meM jIvana hai-isameM AsthA nahIM hotii| cintana se usakI prApti nahIM hotI jo karma sApekSa hai / arthAt utpanna huI vastuoM kI prApti karma sApekSa hai, cintana-sAdhya nhoN| isa dRSTi se vastu, vyakti, avasthA, paristhiti Adi kA cintana vyartha cintana hI hai| aba yadi koI yaha kahe ki AtmA, paramAtmA kA to cintana karanA hogaa| anAtyA kA Azraya liye binA kyA koI bhI mAnava kisI prakAra kA cintana kara sakatA hai ? kadApi nahIM / anAtmA se asaMga hone para Atma sAkSAtkAra tathA Atmarati hotI hai, cintana se nahIM / asaMgatA anubhava siddha hai, cintana sAdhya nahIM / ataH Atma-cintana anAtmA kA tAdAtmya hI hai aura kucha nhiiN| paramAtmA se deza-kAla kI dUrI nahIM hai / jo sabhI kA hai, sadaiva hai, sarvatra hai aura sarva hai, usakI AtmIyatA hI usase abhinna kara sakatI hai, kAraNa ki AtmIyatA agAdha-priyatA kI jananI hai| priyatAdUrI, bheda-bhinnatA ko rahane nahIM detI, arthAt mAnava ko yoga, bodha, prema se abhinna karatI hai| AtmIyatA AsthA, zraddhA, vizvAsa se hI sAdhya hai, kisI anya prakAra se nahIM / AsthA, zraddhA, vizvAsa kI punarAvRtti nahIM karanI par3atI, apitu apane hI dvArA svIkRta hotI hai / indriya tathA buddhi dRSTi se jisakI pratIti hotI hai, usase asaMga honA aura sune hue AtmA va paramAtmA meM avicala AsthA, zraddhA, vizvAsa karanA satsaMga hai, abhyAsa nhiiN| abhyAsa ke liye kisI 'para' kI apekSA hotI hai aura satsaMga apane hI dvArA sAdhya hai / isa dRSTi se satsaMga svadharma. tathA pratyeka abhyAsa zarIra dharma hI hai / svadharma apane liye tathA zarIra dharma para ke liye upayogI hai / yoga, bodha tathA prema kI abhivyakti svadharma arthAt satsaMga se hI sAdhya hai / pratyeka karttavya-karma ke Adi aura anta meM satsaMga kA zubhAvasara hai / satsaMga ke binA karttavya kI, nija svarUpa kI evaM prabhu kI vismRti nAza nahIM hotI / karttavya kI vismRti meM hI akarttavya kI utpatti aura nija svarUpa kI vismRti meM hI dehAbhimAna kI utpatti hotI hai, jo vinAza kA mUla hai| smRti

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254 ] [ karma siddhAnta apane meM apane Apa jAgRta hotI hai, usake liye kisI kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hai / smRti meM hI prIti, bodha tathA prApti nihita hai| jisa prakAra kASTha meM abhivyakta huI agni kASTha ko bhasmIbhUta kara detI hai, usI prakAra apane meM hI jAgRta smRti samasta doSoM ko bhasmIbhUta kara detI hai| akhaNDa smRti kisI zramasAdhya upAya se sAdhya nahIM hai, apitu vizrAma arthAt satsaMga se hI sAdhya hai| avinAzI kA saMga kisI utpanna huI vastu ke Azraya se nahIM hotA, mamatA, kAmanA evaM tAdAtmya ke nAza se hI hotA hai, jo apane hI dvArA apane se sAdhya hai / jo utpatti vinAzayukta hai, usakA Azraya anutpanna avinAzI tattva hI hai / avinAzI kI mAMga mAnava mAtra meM svabhAva siddha hai aura vinAzI kI mamatA, kAmanA, bhUla janita hai / bhUla kA nAza hone se mamatA, kAmanA Adi kA nAza ho jAtA hai / phira svAbhAvika mAMga kI pUrti svataH ho jAtI hai, usake liye kucha karanA nahIM pdd'taa| mAMga kI jAgRti se, mamatA tathA kAmanA ke nAza se mAMga kI pUrti hotI hai, isa dRSTi se vAstavika mAMga kI pUrti aura mamatA, kAmanA Adi kI nivRtti anivArya hai| isa dhra va satya meM avicala AsthA karane se satsaMga bar3I hI sugamatApUrvaka ho sakatA hai / kriyAjanita sukha kA pralobhana dehAbhimAna, arthAt asat ke saMga ko poSita karatA hai| asat kA saMga rahate hue kisI bhI mAnava ko vAstavika jIvana kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| isa dRSTi se asat kA tyAga tathA sat kA saMga anivArya hai / yaha niyama hai ki jo mAnava mAtra ke liye anivArya hai, usakI prApti meM parAdhInatA tathA asamarthatA nahIM hai| yaha vaidhAnika tathya hai| ataH satsaMga mAnava mAtra ke liye sulabha hai| usase nirAza honA bhUla hai / usake liye nita nava-utsAha banAye rakhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| utsAha mAnava ko sajagatA tathA tatparatA pradAna karatA hai| utsAhahIna jIvana nirAzA kI ora le jAtA hai, jo avanati kA mUla hai| jisakI prApti meM nirAzA kI gandha bhI nahIM hai unake liye utsAha surakSita rakhanA sahaja tathA svAbhAvika hai| para yaha rahasya tabhI spaSTa hotA hai jaba mAnava satsaMga ko apanA janmasiddha adhikAra svIkAra karatA hai, kAraNa ki satsaMga ke binA kAma kI nivRtti, jijJAsA kI pUrti evaM prema kI jAgRti sambhava nahIM hai| kAma kI nivRtti meM hI nitya yoga evaM jijJAsA kI pUrti meM hI tattva sAkSAtkAra tathA prema kI jAgRti meM ananta rasa kI abhivyakti nihita hai jo mAnava mAtra kI antima mAMga hai| kriyAjanita sukha bhoga meM parAdhInatA, asamarthatA evaM prabhAva nihita hai jo kisI bhI mAnava

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kartavya-karma ] [ 255 ko abhISTa nahIM hai| itanA hI nahIM, samasta karma, mAna aura bhoga meM hetu haiN| mAna aura bhoga kI ruci dehAtIta jIvana se abhinna nahIM hone detii| deha yukta jIvana meM sthAyitva nahIM hai, yaha pratyeka mAnava kA nija anubhava hai / sthAyitva sahita jIvana vAstavika jIvana kI mAMga hai, aura kucha nahIM, arthAt mAnava kA astitva mAMga hai, jisakI pUrti anivArya hai / asat ke saMga se utpanna huI kAmanAe~ mAnava ko vAstavika mAMga se vimukha karatI haiM aura satsaMga se mAMga kI pUrti hotI hai| karma kA sambandha 'para' ke prati hai, 'sva' ke prati nhiiN| apane se bhinna jo kucha hai, vahI 'para' hai / jise 'yaha' karake sambodhana karate haiM vaha apane se bhinna hai / isa kAraNa zarIra tathA samasta sRSTi 'para' ke artha meM ho jAtI hai| zarIra aura sRSTi ke prati hI karma kI apekSA hai, vaha karma jo zarIra tathA sRSTi ke liye ahitakara hai, usakA karanA asat kA saMga hai / ahitakara karma kA tyAga sat kA saMga hai, arthAt jo nahIM karanA cAhiye usakA karanA asat kA saMga aura usakA na karanA sat kA saMga hai| karma vijJAna kI dRSTi se jo nahIM karanA cAhiye, usake na karane meM hI jo karanA cAhiye vaha svataH hone lagatA hai| isa daSTi se jo karanA cAhiye vaha svataH hogA, para jo nahIM karanA cAhiye usakA tyAga anivArya hai / satsaMga tyAga se hI sAdhya hai / tyAga sahaja tathA svAbhAvika tathya hai / jaise kucha bhI karane se pUrva na karanA svataHsiddha hai aura karane ke anta meM bhI na karanA hI hai / jo Adi aura anta meM hai, use apanA lenA satsaMga hai| para isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki akarmaNyatA tathA Alasya kA mAnava jIvana meM koI sthAna hai / akarmaNyatA tathA Alasya to sarvathA tyAjya hai / sva ke prati karane kI bAta hai hI nahIM, parahita meM hI karma kA sthAna hai / pratyeka pravRtti sarva hitakArI sadbhAvanA se hI prArambha ho / pravRtti ke dvArA apane ko kucha bhI nahIM pAnA hai, yaha anubhava ho jAne para hI karma-vijJAna kI pUrNatA hotI hai| karma vijJAna vaha vijJAna hai jo mAnava ko kriyAjanita sukha lolupatA se rahita karane meM samartha hai / kriyAjanita sukha lolupatA kA anta hote hI yoga-vijJAna kA prArambha hotA hai jo ekamAtra satsaMga se hI sAdhya hai / yoga kI abhivyakti ke liye kisI prakAra kI pravRtti apekSita nahIM hai apitu mUka-satsaMga hI apekSita hai / mUka-satsaMga kA artha koI zramayukta mAnasika sAdhana nahIM hai, apitu ahaMkRti-rahita vizrAma hai / kucha na karane kA saMkalpa bhI zrama hai / karttavya ke anta meM apane Apa Ane vAlA vizrAma maka satsaMga hai / vizrAma kAla meM hI sArthaka tathA nirarthaka cintana kI abhivyakti tathA utpatti hotI hai| sArthaka cintana kA artha hai akhaNDa smRti aura nirarthaka cintana kA artha hai bhukta-abhukta kA prabhAva / bhukta-abhukta ke prabhAva kI pratIti ko hI vyartha cintana, mAnasika

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256 ] [ karma siddhAnta caMcalatA Adi kahate haiM jo kisI ko bhI abhISTa nahIM hai| prAkRtika niyamAnusAra bhukta-abhUkta ke prabhAva kI pratIti yadyapi mAnava ke vikAsa meM hetu hai, parantu usake vAstavika rahasya ko na jAnane ke kAraNa hama apane Apa hone vAle cintana ko kisI anya cintana ke dvArA miTAne kA prayAsa karate haiM aura yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki kiye hue kA tathA karane kI ruci kA pariNAma hI to vyartha cintana hai| jisa kAraNa se vyartha cintana utpanna huA hai, usakA nAza na karanA aura usI ke dvArA vyartha cintana miTAne kA prayAsa karanA vyartha cintana ko hI poSita karanA hai| vyartha cintana kI utpatti mAnava ko yaha bodha karAtI hai ki bhUtakAla meM kyA kara cuke ho aura bhaviSya meM kyA karanA cAhate ho| jo kara cUke ho usakA pariNAma kyA hai ? jo karanA cAhate ho usakA pariNAma kyA hogA, isa para vicAra karane kA suavasara vyartha cintana ke hone se hI milatA hai / vyartha cintana kA sadupayoga na karanA aura usako balapUrvaka kisI kriyA-vizeSa se miTAne kA prayAsa karanA apane hI dvArA apanA vinAza karanA hai| jyoM-jyoM byartha cintana miTAne ke liye kisI kriyA vizeSa ko apanAte haiM, tyoM-tyoM vyartha cintana sabala tathA sthAyI hotA jAtA hai / kiye hue ke pariNAma ko kisI karma ke dvArA miTAne kA prayAsa sarvathA vyartha hI siddha hotA hai arthAt vyartha cintana nAza nahIM hotaa| vyartha-cintana kA anta karane ke liye kriyA-janita sukha lolupatA kA sarvAMza meM tyAga karanA anivArya hai| vaha tabhI sambhava hogA jaba mUka-satsaMga ke dvArA zAnti kI abhivyakti, vicAra kA udaya evaM akhaNDa smRti jAgRta ho jAya / zAnti meM yoga, vicAra meM bodha evaM akhaNDa smRti meM agAdha rasa nihita hai / kriyA-janita sukha-lolupatA kI dAsatA kA nAza rasa kI abhivyakti hone para hI hotA hai / sukha-lolupatA mAnava ko sadaiva parAdhInatA, jar3atA evaM abhAva meM hI Abaddha karatI hai / kintu rasa kI abhivyakti meM parAdhInatA, jar3atA, abhAva Adi kI gandha bhI nahIM hai| itanA hI nahIM, parAdhInatA se hI kriyA-janita sukha utpanna hotA hai / jaba mAnava ko parAdhInatA asahya ho jAtI hai taba vaha bar3I hI sugamatA evaM svAdhInatApUrvaka satsaMga karane meM tatpara hotA hai / yaha kaisA Azcarya hai ? jisakI upalabdhi svAdhInatApUrvaka hotI hai usase vimukha honA aura jisameM parAdhInatA ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai, usake liye prayAsa karanA, kyA apane hI dvArA apane vinAza kA AhvAna nahIM hai ? satsaMga kI bhUkha jAgRta hote hI satsaMga atyanta sulabha ho jAtA hai / usase nirAza honA bhUla hai / jo maujUda hai usakA saMga na karanA aura jo nahIM hai usake pIche daur3ane kA prayAsa karanA kyA prApta sAmarthya kA durvyaya nahIM hai ? arthAt avazya hai|

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kartavya-karma ] [ 257 yaha anubhava siddha hai ki pratIti kI ora pravRtti bhale hI ho, kintu pariNAma meM prApti kucha nahIM hai| pravRtti ke anta meM apane Apa Ane vAlI nivRtti hI mUka satsaMga hai / usa nivRtti ko surakSita rakhanA anivArya hai| yaha tabhI sambhava hogA jaba "apane liye kucha bhI karanA nahIM hai, apitu sevA, tyAga, prema meM hI jIvana hai"- isameM kisI prakAra kA vikalpa na ho| pravRtti kA AkarSaNa parAdhInatA ko janma detA hai| pravRttiyoM kA udgama dehAbhimAna ke atirikta aura kucha nahIM hai / dehAbhimAna kI utpatti bhUlajanita hai, jisakI nivRtti mUka-satsaMga se hI sAdhya hai / prApa Apa ke karama sU, Apa niramala hoya / ApAM nai niramala karai, aura na dUjo koya // prApai hI khoTA karai, Apai mailo hoya / khoTI karaNI chUTatAM, Apai ujalI hoya // tIna bAta bandhana bandhyA, rAga, dveSa, abhimAna / tIna bAta bandhana khulyA, zIla, samAdhi, jJAna // jaba taka mana meM moha hai, rAga-dvaSa bharapUra / taba taka mana saMtapta hai, zAnti bahuta hI dUra // jaba taka mana meM rAga hai, jaba taka mana meM dvaSa / taba taka duHkha hI duHkha hai, miTeM na mana ke kleza // jitanA gaharA rAga hai, utanA gaharA dvaSa / jitanA gaharA dvaSa hai, utanA gaharA kleza // krodha kSobha kA mUla hai, zAnti-zAnti kI khAna / krodha chor3a dhAre kSamA, hoya amita kalyANa // rAga jiso nA roga hai, dveSa jiso nA doSa / moha jisI nA mUr3hatA, dharama jiso nA hosa / -satyanArAyaNa goyanakA

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karmavipAka aura prAtma-svAtaMtrya 37 lokamAnya bAla gaMgAdhara tilaka karma cAhe bhalA ho yA burA, parantu usakA phala bhogane ke liye manuSya ko eka na eka janma lekara hamezA taiyAra rahanA cAhiye / karma anAdi hai, aura usake akhaNDa vyApAra meM paramezvara bhI hastakSepa nahIM karatA / saba karmoM ko chor3a denA saMbhava nahIM hai, aura mImAMsakoM ke kathanAnusAra kucha karmoM ko karane se aura kucha karmoM ko chor3a dene se bhI karmabandhana se chuTakArA nahIM mila sakatA-ityAdi bAtoM ke siddha ho jAne para yaha pahalA prazna phira bhI utpanna hotA hai ki karmAtmaka nAma rUpa ke vinAzI cakra se chUTa jAne evaM usake mUla meM rahane vAle amRta tathA avinAzI tattva meM mila jAne kI manuSya ko jo svAbhAvika icchA hotI hai, usakI tRpti karane kA kaunasA mArga hai ? veda aura smRti granthoM meM yajJayAga Adi pAralaukika kalyANa ke aneka sAdhanoM kA varNana hai, parantu mokSazAstra kI dRSTi se ye saba kaniSTha zreNI ke haiM / kyoMki yajJayAga Adi puNyakarmoM ke dvArA svarga. prApti ho jAtI hai, parantu jaba una puNya-karmoM ke phaloM kA anta ho jAtA hai taba cAhe dIrghakAla meM hI kyoM na ho-kabhI na kabhI isa karmabhUmi meM phira lauTa kara AnA hI par3atA hai| isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki karma ke paMje se bilkula chUTakara amRtatva meM mila jAne kA aura janma-maraNa kI jhaMjhaTa ko sadA ke lie dUra kara dene kA yaha saccA mArga nahIM hai| isa jhaMjhaTa ko sadA ke lie dUra karane kA arthAt mokSa prApti kA adhyAtma zAstra ke kathanAnusAra "jJAna" hI eka saccA mArga hai / "jJAna" zabda kA artha vyavahAra jJAna yA nAma rUpAtmaka sRSTi-zAstra kA jJAna nahIM hai, kintu yahA~ usakA artha brahmAtmaikya jJAna hai / isI ko "vidyA" bhI kahate haiM / "karmaNA badhyate jantuH vidyayA tu pramucayate"-karma se hI prANI bAMdhA jAtA hai, aura vidyA se usakA chuTakArA hotA hai-yaha jo vacana diyA gayA hai, usameM "vidyA" kA artha "jJAna" hI vivakSita hai| gItA meM bhagavAna ne arjuna se kahA hai ki-'jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhsmsaatkuruutearjun|' arthAt jJAna rUpa agni se saba karma bhasma ho jAte haiM [gItA 4,37] / aura 'mahAbhArata' meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki bIjAnyagnyupadagdhAni na rohanti yathA punaH jJAnadagdhaistathA klezai tmA samyadyate punaH / / 1-mahAbhArata, vanaparva 256-60, gItA 8.25, 6.20 2-mahAbhArata, vanaparva 186-106-7 /

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karmavipAka aura Atma-svAtantrya ] [ 256 arthAt bhunA huA bIja jaise uga nahIM sakatA, vaise hI jaba jJAna se (karma ke) kleza dagdha ho jAte haiM, taba ve AtmA ko punaH prApta nahIM hote / upaniSadoM meM bhI isI prakAra jJAna kI mahattA batalAne vAle aneka vacana haiM jaise-"ya evaM vedAhaM brahmAsmIti sa idaM sarva bhavati / ' jo yaha jAnatA hai ki maiM hI brahma hU~, vahI amRta brahma hotA hai / jisa prakAra kamala patra meM pAnI cipaka nahIM sakatA, usI prakAra jise brahmajJAna ho gayA hai, use karma dUSita nahIM kara sakate / brahma jAnane vAle ko mokSa milatA hai / jise yaha mAlUma ho cukA hai ki saba kucha Atmamaya hai, use pApa nahIM laga sktaa| 'jJAtvA devaM mucayate sarvapAzaiH'3 paramezvara kA jJAna hone para saba pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / "kSIyante cAsya karmANi tasmindRSTe parAvare" (mu. 2.2.8) parabrahma kA jJAna hone para saba karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / 'vidyayAmRtamaznute'4 vidyA se amRtatva milatA hai| "tameva viditvAvutimutyumeti nAnyaHpanthA vidyate'yanAya" (zve. 3.8) paramezvara ko jAna lene se amaratva milatA hai, isako chor3a mokSa prApti kA dUsarA mArga nahIM hai aura zAstra dRSTi se vicAra karane para bhI yahI siddhAnta dRr3ha hotA hai / kyoMki dRzya sRSTi meM jo kucha hai, vaha saba yadyapi karmamaya hai, tathApi isa sRSTi ke AdhArabhUta parabrahma kI hI vaha saba lIlA hai, isalie yaha spaSTa hai ki koI bhI karma parabrahma ko bAdhA nahIM de sakate arthAt saba karmoM ko karake bhI parabrahma alipta hI rahatA hai| adhyAtmazAstra ke anusAra isa saMsAra ke saba padArthoM ke karma (mAyA) aura brahma, ye do hI varga hote haiM / isase yahI prakaTa hotA hai ki inameM se kisI eka varga se arthAt karma se chuTakArA pAne kI icchA ho to manuSya ko dUsare varga meM arthAt brahma svarUpa meM praveza karanA cAhiye / isake sivA aura koI dUsarA mArga nahIM hai| kyoMki jaba saba padArthoM ke kevala do hI varga hote haiM, taba karma se mukta avasthA sivA brahma svarUpa ke aura koI zeSa nahIM raha jAtI / parantu brahma svarUpa kI isa avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie spaSTa rUpa se yaha jAna lenA cAhiye ki brahma kA svarUpa kyA hai ? nahIM to karane caleMge eka aura hogA kucha dUsarA hii| 'vinAyakaM prakurvANo racayAmAsa vAnaram' mUrti to gaNeza kI banAnI thI, parantu (vaha na bana kara) bana gaI baMdara kI / ThIka yahI dazA hogii| isalie adhyAtmazAstra ke yuktivAda se bhI yahI siddha hotA hai ki brahma svarUpa kA jJAna (arthAt brahmAtmaikya kA tathA brahma kI aliptatA kA jJAna) prApta karake use mRtyuparyanta sthira rakhanA hI karmapAza se mukta hone kA saccA mArga hai| gItA meM 1-bRhadAraNyakopaniSada 1.4.10 2-chAndogyopaniSad 4.14.3 3-zvetAzvataropaniSad 5.13, 6.13 , 4-IzAvAsyopaniSad 11

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260 ] [ karma siddhAnta bhagavAna ne bhI yahI kahA hai ki karmoM meM merI kucha bhI Asakti nahIM hai, isalie mujhe karma kI bAdhA nahIM hotI aura jo isa tattva ko samajha jAtA hai vaha karmapAza se mukta ho jAtA hai|' smaraNa rahe ki yahA~ 'jJAna' kA artha kevala zAbdika jJAna yA kevala mAnasika kriyA nahIM hai, kintu vedAnta sUtra ke zAMkarabhASya ke Arambha hI meM kahe anusAra hara samaya aura pratyeka sthAna meM usakA artha "pahale mAnasika jJAna hone para aura phira indriyoM para jaya prApta kara lene para brahmIbhUta hone kI avasthA yA brAhmI sthiti hI hai|" mahAbhArata meM bhI janaka ne sulabhA se kahA hai ki "jJAnena kurute yatnaM, yatnena prApyate mahat"2 jJAna arthAt mAnasika kriyA rUpI jJAna ho jAne para manuSya yatna karatA hai, aura yatna ke isa mArga se hI anta meM use mahattva (paramezvara) prApta ho jAtA hai| adhyAtmazAstra itanA hI batalA sakatA hai ki mokSa prApti ke lie kisa mArga se aura kahA~ jAnA cAhie / isase adhika vaha aura kucha nahIM batalA sakatA / zAstra se ye bAteM jAnakara pratyeka manuSya ko zAstrokta mArga para svayaM hI calanA cAhie aura usa mArga meM jo kAMTe yA bAdhAeM hoM, unheM nikAlakara apanA rAstA khuda sApha kara lenA cAhiye evaM usI mArga para calate hue svayaM apane prayatna se hI anta meM dhyeyavastu kI prApti kara lenI cAhie / parantu yaha prayatna bhI pAtaMjalayoga, adhyAtmavicAra, bhakti, karmaphala tyAga ityAdi aneka prakAra se kiyA jA sakatA hai aura isa kAraNa manuSya bahudhA ulajhana meM phaMsa jAtA hai / isalie gItA meM pahale niSkAma karmayoga kA mukhya mArga batalAyA gayA hai, aura usakI siddhi ke lie chaThe adhyAya meM yama-niyamaAsana-prANAyAma-pratyAhAra-dhyAna-samAdhi rUpa aMgabhUta sAdhanoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai tathA sAtaveM adhyAya se Age yaha batalAyA hai ki karmayoga kA AcaraNa karate rahane se hI paramezvara kA jJAna adhyAtma vicAra dvArA athavA (isase bhI sulabha rIti se) bhakti mArga dvArA ho jAtA hai / 3 / karmabaMdha se chuTakArA pAne ke lie karma chor3a denA koI ucita mArga nahIM hai kintu brahmAtmaikya jJAna se buddhi ko zuddha rakhakara paramezvara ke samAna AcaraNa karate rahane se hI anta meM mokSa milatA hai / karma ko chor3a denA bhrama hai, kyoMki karma kisI se chUTa nahIM sakatA-ityAdi bAteM yadyapi aba nirvivAda siddha ho gaI haiM, tathApi yaha pahalA prazna phira bhI uThatA hai, ki isa mArga meM saphalatA pAne ke lie Avazyaka jJAna prApti kA jo prayatna karanA par3atA hai, vaha manuSya ke vaza kI bAta hai ? athavA nAma rUpa karmAtmaka prakRti jidhara khIMce, udhara hI use cale jAnA cAhie ? gItA meM bhagavAna kahate haiM ki "prakRti yAnti bhUtAni nigrahaH 1-gItA 4.14 2-zAMDilya sUtra 320.30 3-gItA 18.56

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karmavipAka aura Atma-svAtaMtrya . . [ 261 kiM kariSyati / " (gItA 3,33) nigraha se kyA hogA, prANimAtra apanI-apanI prakRti ke anusAra hI calate haiM / "midhyaiSa vyavasAyaste prakRtistvAM niyokSayati" terA nizcaya vyartha hai / jidhara tU na cAhegA, udhara terI prakRti tujhe khIMca legii| (gItA 18, 56, 2, 60) aura manujI kahate haiM ki "balavAna indriyagrAmo 'vidvAMsamapi karSati" (manu 2.215) vidvAnoM ko bhI indriyA~ apane vaza meM kara letI haiM / karma-vipAka prakriyA kA bhI niSkarSa yahI hai| kyoMki jaba aisA mAna liyA jAya ki manuSya ke mana kI saba preraNAe~ pUrva karmoM se hI utpanna hotI haiM, taba to yahI anumAna karanA par3atA hai ki use eka karma se dUsare karma meM arthAt sadaiva bhava cakra meM hI rahanA caahie| adhika kyA kaheM ? karma se chuTakArA pAne kI preraNA aura karma, donoM bAteM paraspara viruddha haiM / aura yadi yaha satya hai to yaha Apatti prA par3atI hai ki jJAna prApta karane ke lie koI bhI manuSya svatantra nahIM hai| isa viSaya kA vicAra adhyAtmazAstra meM isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki nAma rUpAtmaka sArI dRzya sRSTi kA AdhArabhUta jo tattva hai vahI manuSya kI jar3a deha meM bhI prAtma rUpa se nivAsa karatA hai, isase manuSya ke kRtyoM kA vicAra deha aura prAtmA, donoM kI dRSTi se karanA cAhie / inameM se AtmasvarUpI brahma mUla meM kevala eka hI hone ke kAraNa kabhI bhI paratantra nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki kisI eka vastu ko dUsare ko adhInatA meM hone ke lie eka se adhika kama-se-kama do vastuoM kA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai / yahA~ nAma-rUpAtmaka karma hI vaha dUsarI vastu hai / parantu yaha karma anitya hai / aura mUla meM vaha parabrahma kI hI lIlA hai, jisase nirvivAda siddha hotA hai ki yadyapi usane parabrahma ke eka aMza ko AcchAdita kara liyA hai, tathApi vaha parabrahma ko apanA dAsa kabhI bhI banA nahIM sktaa| isake atirikta yaha pahale hI batalAyA jA cukA hai ki jo AtmA karma sRSTi ke vyApAroM kA ekIkaraNa karake sRSTijJAna utpanna karatA hai, use karma sRSTi se bhinna arthAt brahmasRSTi kA hI honA caahie| isase siddha hotA hai ki parabrahma aura vastutaH usI kA aMza jo zArIra AtmA, donoM mUlataH svatantra arthAt karmAtmaka prakRti kI sattA se mukta haiN| inameM se paramAtmA ke viSaya meM manuSya ko isase adhika jJAna nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha ananta, sarvavyApI, nitya zuddha aura mukta hai / parantu isa paramAtmA hI ke aMzarUpa jIvAtmA kI bAta bhinna hai / yadyapi vaha . mUla meM zuddha, mukta svabhAva, nirguNa tathA akartA hai, tathApi zarIra aura buddhi Adi indriyoM ke baMdhana meM phaMsA hone ke kAraNa vaha manuSya ke mana meM jo sphUrti utpanna karatA hai, usakA pratyakSAnubhava rUpI jJAna hameM ho sakatA hai / bhApa kA udAharaNa lIjiye / jaba vaha khulI jagaha meM rahatI hai taba usakA kucha bala nahIM hotA, parantu jaba vaha kisI bartana meM banda kara dI jAtI hai taba usakA dabAva usI bartana para jora se hotA huA dIkha par3ane lagatA hai / ThIka isI taraha jaba

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262 ] [karma siddhAnta paramAtmA kA hI aMzabhUta jIva (gItA 15.7) anAdi pUrva karmAjita jar3a deha tathA indriyoM ke baMdhanoM se baddha ho jAtA hai, taba isa baddhAvasthA se usako mukta karane ke liye (arthAt mokSAnukUla) karma karane kI pravRtti dehendriyoM meM hone lagatI hai aura isIko vyAvahArika dRSTi se 'AtmA kI svatantra pravRtti' kahate haiM / vyAvahArika dRSTi se kahane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha muktAvasthA meM yA tAttvika dRSTi se AtmA icchArahita tathA akartA hai aura saba kartRtva kevala prakRti kA hai (gItA 13.26) parantu vedAntI loga sAMkhyamata kI bhAMti yaha nahIM mAnate ki prakRti hI svayaM mokSAnukala karma kiyA karatI hai, kyoMki aisA mAna lene se yaha kahanA par3egA ki jar3a prakRti apane aMdhepana se ajJAniyoM ko bhI mukta nahIM kara sakatI hai aura yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki jo AtmA mUla hI meM akartA hai, vaha svatantra rIti se-arthAt binA kisI nimitta ke apane naisargika guNoM se hI pravartaka ho jAtA hai| isalie Atma-svAtantrya ke ukta siddhAnta ko vedAntazAstra meM isa prakAra batalAnA par3atA hai ki prAtmA yadyapi mUla meM akartA hai tathApi baMdhanoM ke nimitta se vaha utane hI ke lie dikhAU preraka bana jAtA hai aura jaba vaha Agantuka prerakatA usameM eka bAra kisI bhI nimitta se A jAtI hai taba vaha karma ke niyamoM se bhinna arthAta svatantra hI rahatI hai| 'svatantra' kA artha ninimittaka nahIM hai, aura AtmA apanI mUla zuddhAvasthA meM kartA bhI nahIM rahatA / parantu bAra-bAra isa lambI-caur3I karmakathA ko batalAte na rahakara isI ko saMkSepa meM AtmA kI svatantra pravRtti yA preraNA kahane kI paripATI ho gaI hai / bandhana meM par3ane ke kAraNa prAtmA ke dvArA indriyoM ko milane vAlI isa svatantra preraNA meM aura bAhya sRSTi ke padArthoM ke saMyoga se indriyoM meM utpanna hone vAlI preraNA meM bahata bhinnatA hai| khAnA-pInA, caina karanA-ye saba indriyoM kI preraNAe~ haiM aura AtmA kI preraNA mokSAnukUla karma karane ke lie huA karatI hai / pahalI preraNA kevala bAhya arthAt karma sRSTi kI hai / parantu dUsarI preraNA AtmA kI arthAt brahma sRSTi kI hai / aura ye donoM preraNAe~ prAyaH paraspara virodhI haiM, jisase inake jhagar3e meM hI manuSya kI saba Ayu bIta jAtI hai| inake jhagar3e ke samaya jaba mana meM saMdeha utpanna hotA hai taba karma sRSTi kI preraNA ko na mAnakara' yadi manuSya zuddhAtmA kI svatantra preraNA ke anusAra calane lageaura isI ko saccA Atma-jJAna yA Atma niSThA kahate haiM to isake saba vyavahAra svabhAvataH mokSAnukUla hI hoMge / aura anta meM-vizuddha dharmA zuddha na buddha na ca sa buddhimAn / vimalAtmA ca bhavati sametya vimalAtmanA / svataMtrazca svatantreNa svataMtratvamavApnute / 2 1-zrImadbhAgavata purANa 11.10.4 2-mahAbhArata, zAMti parva 308, 27-30

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karmavipAka aura prAtma-svAtantrya ] . [ 263 ... "yaha jIvAtmA yA zarIra AtmA-jo mUla meM svatantra hai-aise paramAtmA meM mila jAtA hai, jo nitya, zuddha, buddha aura svatantra hai|" Upara jo kahA gayA hai ki jJAna se mokSa milatA hai usakA yahI artha hai / isake viparIta jaba jar3a deheMdriyoM ke prAkRta dharma kI arthAt karmasRSTi kI preraNA kI-prabalatA ho jAtI hai taba manuSya kI adhogati hotI hai / zarIra meM bandhe hue jIvAtmA meM, deheMdriyoM meM mokSAnukUla karma karane kI tathA brahmAtmaikya jJAna se mokSa prApta kara lene kI, jo yaha svatantra zakti hai, usakI ora dhyAna dekara hI bhagavAn ne arjuna ko Atma svAtaMtrya arthAt svAvalambana ke tattva kA upadeza kiyA hai ki : uddharedAtmanA''tmAnaM nAtmAnamavasAdayet / Atmaiva hyAtmano baMdhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH / / ' "manuSya ko cAhiye ki vaha apanA uddhAra Apa hI kare / nirAzA se vaha apanI avanati Apa hI na kare / kyoMki pratyeka manuSya svayaM apanA baMdhu (hitakArI) hai, aura svayaM apanA zatru (nAzakartA) hai aura isa hetu se yogavAsiSTha meM (yo. 2 sarga 4-8) daiva kA nirAkaraNa karake pauruSa ke mahattva kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| jo manuSya isa tattva ko pahacAna kara AcaraNa kiyA karatA hai ki saba prANiyoM meM eka hI AtmA hai, usake isI AcaraNa ko sadAcaraNa yA mokSAnukUla AcaraNa kahate haiM aura baddha jIvAtmA kA bhI yahI svatantra dharma hai ki aise AcaraNa kI ora deheMdriyoM ko pravRtta kiyA kare / isI dharma ke kAraNa durAcArI manuSya kA antaHkaraNa bhI sadAcaraNa hI kA pakSa liyA karatA hai, jisase use apane kie hue duSkarmoM kA pazcAttApa hotA hai| prAdhidaivata pakSa ke paMDita ise sadasadviveka-buddhirUpI devatA kI svatantra sphUrti kahate haiM / parantu tAttvika dRSTi se vicAra karane para vidita hotA hai ki buddhIndriya jar3a prakRti hI kA vikAra hone ke kAraNa svayaM apanI hI preraNA karma ke niyama-baMdhanoM se mukta nahIM ho sakatI, yaha preraNA use karma sRSTi ke bAhara ke AtmA se prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra pazcimI paMDitoM kA "icchA svAtantrya" zabda bhI vedAnta kI dRSTi se ThIka nahIM hai / kyoMki icchA mana kA dharma hai aura buddhi tathA usake sAtha-sAtha mana bhI karmAtmaka jar3a prakRti ke asvayaMvaidya vikAra haiN| isalie ye donoM svayaM hI karma ke bandhana se chUTa nahIM sakate / ataeva vedAntazAstra kA nizcaya hai ki saccA svAtantrya na to buddhi kA hai aura na mana kA-vaha kevala AtmA kA hai| yaha svAtantrya na to koI AtmA ko detA hai aura na koI usase ise chIna bhI sakatA hai-svatantra paramAtmA kA aMza rUpa jIvAtmA jaba upAdhi ke bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai, taba vaha svayaM svatantra rIti se, Upara kahe anusAra buddhi tathA mana meM preraNA kiyA karatA hai / antaHkaraNa kI isa preraNA kA anAdara karake yadi koI bartAva karegA to tukArAma mahArAja ke zabdoM meM yahI kahA 1-gItA 6.5

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264 ] [ karma siddhAnta jA sakatA hai ki vaha "svayaM apane hI pairoM meM prApa kulhAr3I mArane ko taiyAra huA hai" (tu. gA. 4448) bhagavadgItA meM isI tattva kA ullekha yoM kiyA gayA hai | "na hinastyAtmana''tmAnAm" jo svayaM apanA ghAta Apa hI nahIM karatA, use uttama gati milatI hai / ' yadyapi manuSya karmasRSTi ke abhaidya dikhAI dene vAle niyamoM meM jakar3a kara bandhA huA hai tathApi svabhAvataH use aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki maiM isa paristhiti meM bhI amuka kAma ko svatantra rIti se kara sakUMgA / anubhava ke isa tattva kI utpatti Upara kahe anusAra brahmasRSTi ko jar3a sRSTi se bhinna mAne binA kisI bhI anya rIti se nahIM batalAI jA sakatI / isalie jo adhyAtmazAstra ko nahIM mAnate unheM isa viSaya meM yA to manuSya ke nitya dAsatva ko mAnanA cAhiye yA pravRtti svAtantrya ke prazna ko agamya samajhakara yoM hI chor3a denA cAhiye / unake lie koI dUsarA mArga nahIM hai | advaita vedAnta kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA mUla meM eka rUpa haiM aura isI siddhAnta ke anusAra pravRtti svAtantrya yA icchAsvAtantrya kI ukta utpatti batalAI gaI hai | parantu jinheM yaha advaita mata mAnya nahIM hai athavA jo bhakti ke liye dvaita ko svIkAra kiyA karate haiM unakA kathana hai ki jIvAtmA kI yaha sAmarthya svayaM usakI nahIM hai, balki yaha use paramezvara se prApta hotI hai / tathApi 'na Rtu zrAntasya sakhyAya devAH / 2 thakane taka prayatna karane vAle manuSya ke atirikta anyoM kI devatA madada nahIM karate - Rgveda ke isa tatvAnusAra yaha kahA gayA hai, ki jIvAtmA ko yaha sAmarthya prApta karA dene ke lie pahale svayaM hI prayatna karanA cAhie - arthAt grAtma prayatna kA yA paryAya se Atma svAtantrya kA tattva phira bhI sthira banA hI rahatA hai| adhika kyA kaheM ? bauddhadharmI loga AtmA kA yA parabrahma kA astitva nahIM mAnate aura yadyapi unako brahmajJAna tathA AtmajJAna mAnya nahIM hai tathApi unake dharmagranthoM meM bhI yahI upadeza kiyA gayA hai ki "attanA (AtmanA ) codayatAna ? - zrapane Apa ko svayaM apane hI prayatna se rAha para lagAnA cAhie / isa upadeza kA samarthana karane ke lie kahA gayA hai ki : attA (AtmA) hi prattano nAtho attA hi attanA gati / tasmA saMjamayattANaM assaM (azvaM ) bhadaM va vANijo || "hama hI khuda apane svAmI yA mAlika haiM aura apane AtmA ke sivA hameM tArane vAlA dUsarA koI nahIM hai, isalie jisa prakAra koI vyApArI apane uttama ghor3e kA saMyamana karatA hai usI prakAra hameM apanA saMyamana Apa hI bhalIbhAMti karanA cAhie / " 1 -- gItA 13.28 2 - Rgveda 4, 33.11

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karma, vikarma aura akarma ] .. [ 266 kahatI hai / 'karma', 'vikarma' va 'akarma' ye tIna zabda bar3e mahattva ke haiN| karma kA artha hai-svadharmAcaraNa kI bAharI sthUla kriyaa| isa bAharI kriyA meM citta ko lagAnA hI 'vikarma' hai| bAhara se hama kisI ko namaskAra karate haiM, parantu usa bAharI sira jhukAne kI kriyA ke sAtha hI yadi bhItara se mana bhI na jhukatA ho to bAhya kriyA vyartha hai / antarbAhya-bhItara va bAhara donoM eka honA caahiye| bAhara se maiM ziva-piMDa para satata jala dhArA chor3akara abhiSeka karatA hU~ parantu isa jala dhArA ke sAtha hI yadi mAnasika cintana kI dhArA bhI akhaNDa na calatI rahatI ho to usa abhiSeka kI kyA kImata rahI ? aisI dazA meM vaha zivapiMDa bhI patthara va maiM bhI patthara hii| patthara ke sAmane patthara baiThAyahI usakA artha hogaa| niSkAma karmayoga tabhI siddha hotA hai jaba hamAre bAhya karma ke sAtha aMdara se citta-zuddhi rUpI karma kA bhI saMyoga ho / 'niSkAma karma' isa zabda-prayoga meM 'karma' pada kI apekSA 'niSkAma' pada ko hI adhika mahattva hai, jisa taraha 'ahiMsAtmaka asahayoga' zabda prayoga meM asahayoga kI banispata 'ahiMsAtmaka' vizeSaNa ko hI adhika mahattva hai| ahiMsA ko dUra haTAkara yadi kevala asahayoga kA avalaMbana kareMge, to vaha eka bhayaMkara cIja bana sakatI hai / usI taraha svadharmAcaraNa rUpI karma karate hue yadi mana kA vikarma usameM nahIM jur3A hai to use dhokhA samajhanA caahiye| Aja jo loga sArvajanika sevA karate haiM, ve svadharma kA hI AcaraNa karate haiM / jaba loga, garIba, kaMgAla, duHkhI va musIbata meM hote haiM taba unakI sevA karake unheM sukhI banAnA pravAha-prApta dharma hai| parantu isase yaha anumAna na kara lenA cAhiye ki jitane bhI loga sArvajanika sevA karate haiM, ve saba karmayogI ho gae haiM / loka-sevA karate hue yadi mana meM zuddha bhAvanA na ho to usa loka-sevA ke bhayAnaka hone kI sambhAvanA hai| apane kuTumba kI sevA karate hue jitanA ahaMkAra, jitanA dveSa-matsara, jitanA svArtha Adi vikAra hama utpanna karate haiM, utane saba loka-sevA meM bhI hama utpanna karate haiM aura isakA pratyakSa darzana hameM Ajakala kI loka-sevA maNDaliyoM ke jamaghaTa meM bhI ho jAtA hai| karma ke sAtha mana kA mela honA caahiye| isa mana ke mela ko hI gItA 'vikarma' kahatI hai| bAhara kA svadharma rUpa sAmAnya karma aura yaha Antarika vizeSa krm| yaha vizeSa karma apanI-apanI mAnasika jarUrata ke anusAra judAjudA hotA hai / vikarma ke aise aneka prakAra, namUne ke taura para batAye gaye haiM / isa vizeSa karma kA, isa mAnasika anusandhAna kA yoga jaba hama kareMge, tabhI usameM niSkAmatA kI jyoti jgegii| karma ke sAtha jaba vikarma milatA hai to phira dhIre-dhIre niSkAmatA hamAre andara AtI rahatI hai| yadi zarIra va mana judA

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270 ] [ karma siddhAnta judA cIjeM haiM to sAdhana bhI donoM ke liye judA-judA hI hoNge| jaba ina donoM kA mela baiTha jAtA hai to sAdhya hamAre hAtha laga jAtA hai / mana eka tarapha aura zarIra dUsarI tarapha aisA na ho jAye, isaliye zAstrakAroM ne duharA mArga batAyA hai / bhaktiyoga meM bAhara se tapa va bhItara se japa batAyA hai / upavAsa Adi bAharI tapa ke calate hue yadi bhItara se mAnasika japa na ho, to vaha sArA tapa phijUla gayA / tapa sambandhI merI bhAvanA satata sulagatI, jagamagAtI rahanI cAhiye / upavAsa zabda kA artha hI hai, bhagavAna ke pAsa baiThanA / isaliye ki paramAtmA ke najadIka hamArA citta rahe, bAharI bhogoM kA daravAjA baMda karane kI jarUrata hai / parantu bAhara se viSaya bhogoM ko chor3akara yadi mana meM bhagavAna kA cintana na hotA, to phira isa bAharI upavAsa kI kyA kImata rahI ? Izvara kA cintana na karate hue yadi usa samaya khAne-pIne kI cIjoM kA cintana kareM to phira vaha bar3A hI bhayaMkara bhojana ho gayA / yaha jo mana se bhojana huA, mana meM jo viSaya cintana rahA, isase bar3hakara bhayaMkara vastu dUsarI nahIM / taMtra ke sAtha maMtra honA cAhiye | kore bAhya tantra kA koI mahattva nahIM hai aura na kevala karmahIna mantra kA bhI koI mUlya hai / hAtha meM bhI sevA ho va hRdaya meM bhI sevA ho, tabhI saccI sevA hamAre hAthoM bana par3egI / bAhya karma meM hRdaya kI ArdratA na rahI, to vaha svadharmAcaraNa rUkhAsUkhA raha jAyegA / usameM niSkAmatA rUpI phUla - phala nahIM lageMge / pharja kIjiye ki hamane kisI rogI kI sevA suzrUSA zurU kI, parantu usa sevA - karma ke sAtha yadi mana meM komala dayA bhAva na ho to vaha rugNa sevA nIrasa mAlUma hogI va usase jI Uba uThegA / vaha eka bojha mAlUma degii| rogI ko bhI vaha sevA eka bojha mAlUma par3egI / usameM yadi mana kA sahayoga na ho to usase ahaMkAra paidA hogA / maiMne Aja usakA kAma kiyA hai / use jarUrata ke vakta merI sahAyatA karanI cAhiye / merI tArIpha karanI cAhiye / merA gaurava karanA cAhiye Adi apekSAe~ mana meM utpanna hoMgI / athavA hama trasta hokara kaheMge - hama isakI itanI sevA karate haiM, phira bhI yaha bar3abar3AtA rahatA hai| bImAra AdamI vaise hI cir3acir3A rahatA hai / usake aise svabhAva se aisA sevaka, jisake mana meM saccA sevA-bhAva nahIM hotA, Uba jAyegA / 1 karma ke sAtha jaba Antarika bhAva kA mela ho jAtA hai to vaha karma kucha aura hI ho jAtA hai / tela aura battI ke sAtha jaba jyoti kA mela hotA hai, taba prakAza utpanna hotA hai / karma ke sAtha vikarma kA mela huA to niSkAmatA zrAtI hai / bArUda meM battI lagAne se dhar3AkA hotA hai / usa bArUda meM eka zakti utpanna hotI hai| karma ko baMdUka kI bArUda kI taraha smjho| usameM vikarma kI battI yA Aga lagI ki kAma huaa| jaba taka vikarma Akara nahIM milatA, taba taka vaha karma jar3a hai, usameM caitanya nahIM / eka bAra jahA~ vikarma kI cinagArI usameM

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karma, vikarma aura akarma ] [ 271 girI ki phira usa karma meM jo sAmarthya paidA hotI hai, vaha avarNanIya hai| cimaTI bhara bArUda jeba meM par3I rahatI hai, hAtha meM uchalatI rahatI hai, para jahA~ usameM battI lagI ki zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e hue / svadharmAcaraNa kA ananta sAmarthya isI taraha gupta rahatA hai| usameM vikarma ko jor3iye to phira dekhiye ki kaise-kaise banAvabigAr3a hote haiN| usake sphoTa se ahaMkAra, kAma, krodha ke prANa ur3a jAyeMge va usameM se usa parama jJAna kI niSpatti ho jaayegii| karma jJAna kA palItA hai| eka lakar3I kA bar3A sA Tukar3A kahIM par3A hai| use Apa jalA dIjiye / vaha jagamaga aMgAra ho jAtA hai| usa lakar3I aura usa Aga meM kitanA antara hai ? parantu usa lakar3I kI hI vaha Aga hotI hai / karma meM vikarma DAla dene se karma divya dikhAI dene lagatA hai / mA~ bacce kI pITha para hAtha pheratI hai / eka pITha hai, jisa para eka hAtha yoM hI idhara-udhara phira gyaa| parantu isa eka mAmUlI karma se una mA~-bacce ke mana meM jo bhAvanAe~ uThIM, unakA varNana kauna kara sakegA? yadi koI aisA samIkaraNa biThAne lagegA ki itanI lambIcaur3I pITha para itane vajana kA eka mulAyama hAtha phirAiye, to isase vaha AnaMda utpanna hogA, to eka dillagI hI hogii| hAtha phirAne kI yaha kriyA bilakula kSudra hai parantu usameM mA~ kA hRdaya uMDelA huA hai| vaha vikarma uMDelA huA hai| isI se vaha apUrva prAnanda prApta hotA hai| tulasIkRta rAmAyaNa meM eka prasaMga AtA hai / rAkSasoM se lar3akara bandara Ate haiM / ve jakhmI ho gae haiN| badana se khUna baha rahA hai parantu prabhu rAmacandra ke eka bAra prema-pUrvaka dRSTipAta mAtra se una bandaroM kI vedanA kAphara ho gii| aba yadi dUsare manuSya ne rAma kI usa samaya kI A~kha va dRSTi kA phoTo lekara kisI kI ora utanI A~kheM phAr3akara dekhA hotA to kyA usakA vaisA prabhAva par3A hotA? vaisA karane kA yatna karanA hAsyAspada hai| . karma ke sAtha jaba vikarma kA jor3a mila jAtA hai to zakti-sphoTa hotA hai aura usameM se akarma nirmANa hotA hai| lakar3I jalane para rAkha ho jAtI hai / pahale kA vaha itanA bar3A lakar3I kA Tukar3A, aMta meM cimaTI bhara becArI rAkha raha jAtI hai usakI / khuzI se use hAtha meM le lIjiye aura sAre badana para mala liijiye| isa taraha karma meM vikarma kI jyoti jalA dene se anta meM akarma ho. jAtA hai / kahA~ lakar3I va kahA~ rAkha? ka: kena smbndhH| unake guNa-dharmoM meM aba bilkula sAmya nahIM raha gyaa| parantu isameM koI zaka nahIM hai ki vaha rAkha usa lakar3I ke laTTha kI hI hai / karma meM vikarma uMDelane se akarma hotA hai| isakA artha kyA ? isakA artha yaha hai ki aisA mAlUma hI nahIM hotA ki koI karma kiyA hai| usa karma kA bojha nahIM mAlUma hotA / karake bhI akartA hote haiM / gItA kahatI hai ki mArakara

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272 ] [ karma siddhAnta bhI tuma mArate nhiiN| mAM bacce ko pITatI hai, isaliye tuma to use pITakara dekho| tumhArI mAra baccA nahIM shegaa| mA~ mAratI hai phira bhI vaha usake aAMcala meM muMha chipAtA hai, kyoMki mA~ ke bAhya karma meM citta zuddhi kA mela hai| usakA yaha mAranA-pITanA niSkAma bhAva se hai| usa karma meM usakA svArtha nahIM hai| vikarma ke kAraNa, mana kI zuddhi ke kAraNa karma kA karmatva ur3a jAtA hai| rAma kI vaha dRSTi, Antarika vikarma ke kAraNa mahaja prema-sudhA sAgara ho gaI thI parantu rAma ko usa karma kA koI zrama nahIM huA thaa| citta zuddhi se kriyA-karma nirlepa rahatA hai| usakA pApa-puNya kucha bAkI nahIM rhtaa| nahIM to karma kA kitanA bojha, kitanA jora hamArI buddhi va hRdaya para par3atA hai| yadi yaha khabara Aja do baje ur3I ki kala hI sAre rAjanaitika kaidI chUTa jAne vAle haiM to phira dekho, kaisI bhIr3a cAroM ora ho jAtI hai| cAroM ora halacala va gar3abar3a maca jAtI hai| hama karma ke acche-bure hone kI vajaha se mAno vyagra rahate haiN| karma hamako cAroM ora se ghera letA hai, mAno karma ne hamArI gardana dhara dabAI hai| jisa taraha samudra kA pravAha jora se jamIna meM phaMsakara khAr3iyA~ banA detA hai usI taraha karma kA yaha jaMjAla citta meM ghusakara kSobha paidA karatA hai| sukha-duHkha ke dvandva nirmANa hote haiN| sArI zAnti naSTa ho jAtI hai| karma huA aura hokara calA bhI gyaa| parantu usakA vega bAkI baca hI rahatA hai| karma citta para hAvI ho jAtA hai / phira usakI nIMda harAma ho jAtI hai| parantu aise isa karma meM yadi vikarma ko milA diyA to phira Apa cAhe jitane karma kareM to bhI usakA zrama yA bojha nahIM mAlUma hotaa| mana dhruva kI taraha zAnta, sthira va tejomaya banA rahatA hai| karma meM vikarma DAla dene se vaha akarma ho jAtA hai| mAno karma ko karake phira use poMcha diyA ho| . nija viveka kA prakAza mAnava kA apanA vidhAna hai| usa vidhAna ke AdhIna buddhi, mana, indriya, zarIra Adi ko karma meM lagAnA hai athavA yoM kaho ki kartavyaniSTha vyakti ko zarIra, indriya, mana, buddhi prAdi kA upayoga vartamAna kartavya-karma meM hI viveka ke prakAza meM karanA hai| nija viveka kA prakAza aviveka kA nAzaka hai / aviveka ke naSTa hote hI akartavya zeSa nahIM rahatA, jisake na rahane para kartavya pAlana meM svAbhAvikatA prA jAtI hai / isa dRSTi se vivekayukta mAnava hI kartavyaniSTha ho sakate haiM / ataH viveka virodhI karma kA mAnava-jIvana meM koI sthAna hI nahIM hai|

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38 / niSkAma karmayoga - mahAtmA gAMdhI he pAparahita arjuna ! AraMbha se hI isa jagat meM do mArga calate Aye haiM-eka meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai aura dUsare meM karma kI / para tU svayaM dekha le ki karma ke binA manuSya akarmI nahIM ho sakatA, binA karma ke jJAna AtA hI nhiiN| saba chor3akara baiTha jAne vAlA manuSya siddhapuruSa nahIM kahalA sktaa| tU dekhatA hai ki pratyeka manuSya kucha-na-kucha to karatA hI hai| usakA svabhAva hI usase kucha kraayegaa| jagat kA yaha niyama hone para bhI jo manuSya hAtha-pA~va DhIle karake baiThA rahatA hai aura mana meM taraha-taraha ke manasUbe karatA rahatA hai, use mUrkha kaheMge aura vaha mithyAcArI bhI ginA jaayegaa| kyA isase yaha acchA nahIM ki indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhakara, rAga-dveSa chor3akara, zoragula ke binA, Asakti ke binA arthAt anAsakta bhAva se, manuSya hAtha-pA~voM se kucha karma kare, karmayoga kA AcaraNa kare ? niyata karma-tere hisse meM AyA huA sevA kArya--tU indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhakara karatA raha / AlasI kI bhA~ti baiThe rahane se yaha kahIM acchA hai| AlasI hokara baiThe rahane vAle ke zarIra kA aMta meM patana ho jAtA hai| para karma karate hue itanA yAda rakhanA cAhiye ki yajJa-kArya ke sivA sAre karma logoM ko baMdhana meM rakhate haiN| yajJa ke mAnI hai, apane liye nahIM, balki dUsare ke liye, paropakAra ke liye, kiyA huA zrama, arthAt saMkSepa meM sevA / aura jahA~ sevA ke nimitta hI sevA kI jAyegI, vahA~ Asakti, rAga-dveSa nahIM hogaa| aisA yajJa, aisI sevA, tU karatA raha / brahmA ne jagat upajAne ke sAtha-hI-sAtha yajJa bhI upajAyA, mAno, hamAre kAna meM yaha maMtra kA ki pRthvI para jAo, eka dUsare kI sevA karo aura phUlophalo, jIva mAtra ko devatArUpa jAno, ina devoM kI sevA karake tuma unheM prasanna rakho, ve tumheM prasanna rkheNge| prasanna hue deva tumheM binA mAMge manovAMchita phala deNge| isaliye yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki loka-sevA kiye binA, unakA hissA unheM pahale diye binA, jo khAtA hai, vaha cora hai aura jo logoM kA, jIvamAtra kA bhAga unheM pahu~cAne ke bAda khAtA hai yA kucha bhogatA hai, use vaha bhogane kA adhikAra hai / arthAt vaha pApamukta ho jAtA hai| isase ulaTA, jo apane liye hI kamAtA hai-majadUrI karatA hai-vaha pApI hai aura pApa kA anna khAtA hai / sRSTi kA niyama hI yaha hai ki anna se jIvoM kA nirvAha hotA hai| anna varSA se paidA hotA hai aura varSA yajJa se arthAt jIvamAtra kI mehanata se utpanna hotI hai /

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266 ] [ karma-siddhAnta jahA~ jIva nahIM hai vahA~ varSA nahIM pAyI jaatii| jahAM jIva hai vahA~ varSA avazya hai| jIvamAtra zramajIvI hai| koI par3e-par3e khA nahIM sakatA aura mar3ha jIvoM ke liye jaba yaha satya hai, to manuSya ke liye yaha kitane adhika aMza meM lAgU honA cAhiye ? isase bhagavAna ne kahA, karma ko brahmA ne paidA kiyA / brahmA kI utpatti akSara-brahmA se huI, isaliye yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki yajJa mAtra meM, sevA mAtra meM akSara brahmA, paramezvara, virAjatA hai / aisI isa praNAlI kA jo manuSya anusaraNa nahIM karatA, vaha pApI hai aura vyartha jItA hai| yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jo manuSya Antarika zAnti bhogatA hai aura saMtuSTa rahatA hai, use koI karttavya nahIM hai, use karma karane se koI phAyadA nahIM, na karane se koI hAni nahIM hai| kisI ke saMbaMdha meM koI svArtha use na hone para bhI yajJa kArya ko vaha chor3a nahIM sktaa| isase tU to karttavya-karma nitya karatA raha, para usameM rAga-dveSa na rakha, usameM Asakti na rakha / jo anAsaktipUrvaka karma kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha Izvara sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| phira janaka-jaise nispRhI rAjA bhI karma karate-karate siddhi ko prApta hue, kyoMki ve lokahita ke liye karma karate the / to tU kaise isase viparIta bartAva kara sakatA hai ? niyama hI yaha hai ki jaisA acche aura bar3e mAne jAne vAle manuSya AcaraNa karate haiM unakA anukaraNa sAdhAraNa loga karate haiN| mujhe dekha / mujhe kAma karake kyA svArtha sAdhanA thA ? para maiM caubIsoM ghaMTA binA thake, karma karatA hI rahatA hU~ aura isase loga bhI usake anusAra alpAdhika parimANa meM baratate haiN| para yadi maiM Alasya kara jAU~ to jagata kA kyA ho ? tU samajha sakatA hai ki sUrya, caMdra, tAre ityAdi sthira ho jAyeM aura ina sabako gati dene vAlA, niyama meM rakhane vAlA to maiM hI tthhraa| kintu logoM meM aura mujha meM itanA pharaka jarUra hai ki mujhe Asakti nahIM hai, aura loga Asakta haiM, ve svArtha meM par3e bhAgate rahate haiN| yadi mujha jaisA buddhimAna karma chor3e to loga bhI vahI kareMge aura buddhi bhraSTa ho jaayeNge| mujhe to Asakti rahita hokara karttavya karanA cAhiye, jisase loga karma-bhraSTa na hoM aura dhIredhIre anAsakta honA siikheN| manuSya apane meM maujUda svAbhAvika guNoM ke vaza hokara kAma to karatA hI rhegaa| jo mUrkha hotA hai, vahI mAnatA hai ki "maiM karatA hU~" / sAMsa lenA, yaha jIvamAtra kI prakRti hai, svabhAva hai / aA~kha para kisI makkhI Adi ke baiThate hI turaMta manuSya svabhAvataH hI palakeM hilAtA hai| usa samaya nahIM kahatA ki maiM sAMsa letA hU~, maiM palaka hilAtA huuN| isa taraha jitane karma kiye jAyeM, saba svAbhAvika rIti se guNa ke anusAra kyoM na kiye jAyeM ? unake liye ahaMkAra kyA ? aura yoM mamatvarahita sahaja karma karane kA suvarNa mArga hai, saba karma mujhe arpaNa karanA aura mamatva haTAkara mere nimitta krnaa| aisA karate-karate jaba manuSya meM se ahaMkAra vRtti kA, svArtha kA nAza ho jAtA hai, taba usake sAre karma svAbhAvika aura nirdoSa ho jAte haiN| vaha bahuta jaMjAla meM se chUTa jAtA hai| usake liye phira karma-baMdhana jaisA kucha nahIM haiM aura jahA~

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niSkAma karmayoga ] [ 267 svabhAva ke anusAra karma ho, vahA~ balAtkAra se na karane kA dAvA karane meM hI ahaMkAra samAyA huA hai| aisA balAtkAra karane vAlA bAhara se cAhe karma na karatA jAna par3e, para bhItara-bhItara to usakA mana prapaMca racatA hI rahatA hai| bAharI karma kI apekSA yaha burA hai, adhika baMdhanakAraka hai| to, vAstava meM to indriyoM kA apane-apane viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa vidyamAna hI hai| kAnoM ko yaha sunanA rucatA hai, vaha sunanA nhiiN| nAka ko gulAba ke phUla kI sugaMdha bhAtI hai, mala vagairaha kI durgandha nhiiN| sabhI indriyoM ke saMbaMdha meM yahI bAta hai| isaliye manuSya ko ina rAga-dveSarUpI do guNoM se bacanA cAhiye aura inheM mAra bhagAnA ho to karmoM kI zrRMkhalA meM na pdd'e| Aja vaha kiyA, kala dUsarA kAma hAtha meM liyA, parasoM tIsarA, yoM bhaTakatA na phire, balki apane hisse meM jo sevA A jAye, use Izvara prItyartha karane ko taiyAra rahe / taba yaha bhAvanA utpanna hogI ki jo hama karate haiM, vaha Izvara hI karAtA hai-yaha jJAna utpanna hogA aura ahaM bhAva calA jaayegaa| ise svadharma kahate haiN| svadharma se cipaTe rahanA cAhiye kyoMki apane liye to vahI acchA hai| dekhane meM para dharma acchA dikhAyI de to bhI use bhayAnaka samajhanA cAhiye / svadharma para calate hue mRtyu hone meM mokSa hai| - bhagavAn ke rAga-dveSa rahita hokara kiye jAne vAle karma ko yajJa rUpa batalAne para arjuna ne pUchA--"manuSya kisakI preraNA se pApa karma karatA hai ? aksara to aisA lagatA hai ki pApa karma kI ora koI use jabardastI Dhakele le jAtA hai|" bhagavAn bole-"manuSya ko pApa karma kI ora Dhakela le jAne vAlA kAma hai aura krodha hai| donoM sage bhAI kI bhA~ti haiM, kAma kI pUrti ke pahale hI krodha A dhamakatA hai / kAma-krodha vAlA rajoguNI kahalAtA hai / manuSya ke mahAna zatru ye hI haiN| inase nitya lar3anA hai| jaise maila car3hane se darpaNa dhuMdhalA ho jAtA hai, yA agni dhue~ ke kAraNa ThIka nahIM jala pAtI aura garbha jhillI meM par3e rahane taka ghuTatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra kAma-krodha jJAnI ke jJAna ko prajvalita nahIM hone dete, phIkA kara dete haiM yA dabA dete haiM / kAma agni ke samAna vikarAla hai aura indriya, mana, buddhi, saba para apanA kAbU karake manuSya ko pachAr3a detA hai / isaliye tU indriyoM se pahale nipaTa, phira mana ko jIta, to buddhi tere adhIna rahegI, kyoMki indriyAM, mana aura buddhi kramazaH eka dUsare se bar3ha car3hakara haiM, tathApi AtmA una sabase bahuta bar3hA-car3hA hai| manuSya ko AtmA kI apanI zakti kA patA nahIM hai, isaliye vaha mAnatA hai ki indriyA~ vaza meM nahIM rahatIM, mana vaza meM nahIM rahatA yA buddhi kAma nahIM krtii| AtmA kI zakti kA vizvAsa hote hI bAkI saba AsAna ho jAtA hai / indriyoM ko, mana aura buddhi ko ThikAne rakhane vAle kA kAma, krodha yA unakI asaMkhya senA kucha nahIM kara sktii|

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39 / karma, vikarma aura akarma 0 prAcArya vinobA bhAve . svadharma ko TAlakara yadi hama avAntara dharma svIkAra kareMge, to niSkAmatArUpI phala ko azakya hI smjho| svadezI mAla becanA vyApAra kA svadharma hai parantu isa svadharma ko chor3akara jaba vaha sAta samundara pAra kA videzI mAla becane lagatA hai, taba usake sAmane yahI hetu rahatA hai ki bahuterA naphA mile| to phira usa karma meM niSkAmatA kahA~ se AyegI ? ataeva karma ko niSkAma banAne ke lie svadharma-pAlana kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai| parantu yaha svadharmAcaraNa bhI sakAma ho sakatA hai| ahiMsA kI hI bAta hama leN| jo ahiMsA kA upAsaka hai, usake liye hiMsA to varNya hai, parantu yaha sambhava hai ki Upara se ahiMsaka hote hue bhA vaha vAstava meM hiMsAmaya ho| kyoMki hiMsA mana kA eka dharma hai| mahaja bAhara se hiMsA karma na karane se hI mana ahiMsAmaya ho jAyegA so bAta nhiiN| talavAra hAtha meM lene se hiMsA vatti avazya prakaTa hotI hai, parantu talavAra chor3a dene se manuSya ahiMsAmaya hotA hI hai so bAta nahIM / ThIka yahI bAta svadharmAcaraNa kI hai| niSkAmatA ke liye para dharma se to bacanA hI hogaa| parantu yaha to niSkAmatA kA prArambha mAtra huA / isase hama sAdhya taka nahIM pahu~ca gye| niSkAmatA mana kA dharma hai| isakI utpatti ke lie eka svadharmAcaraNa rUpI sAdhana hI kAphI nahIM hai| dUsare sAdhanoM kA bhI sahArA lenA pdd'egaa| akelI tela-battI se diyA nahIM jala jAtA / usake liye jyoti kI jarUrata hotI hai / jyoti hogI to hI aMdherA dUra hogA / yaha jyoti kaise jagAveM ? isake liye mAnasika saMzodhana kI jarUrata hai / Atma-parIkSaNa ke dvArA citta kI malinatAkUr3A-kacarA dho DAlanA caahiye| gItA meM 'karma' zabda 'svadharma' ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai| hamArA khAnA, pInA, sonA ye karma hI haiM, parantu gItA ke 'karma' zabda se ye saba kriyAe~ sUcita nahIM hotI haiM / karma se vahA~ matalaba svadharmAcaraNa se hai / parantu isa svadharmAcaraNarUpI karma ko karake niSkAmatA prApta karane ke liye aura bhI eka vastu kI sahAyatA jarUrI hai, vaha hai kAma va krodha ko jiitnaa| citta jaba taka gaMgAjala kI taraha nirmala va prazAnta na ho jAye, taba taka niSkAmatA nahIM A sktii| isa taraha citta saMzodhana ke liye jo-jo karma kiye jAyeM, unheM gItA 'vikarma'

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karma aura kArya-kAraNa sambandha 0 prAcArya rajanIza sAdhAraNataH karmavAda aisA kahatA huA pratIta hotA hai ki jo hamane kiyA hai, usakA phala hameM bhoganA pdd'egaa| hamAre karma aura hamAre bhoga meM eka anivArya kArya-kAraNa sambandha hai| yaha bilkula satya hai ki jo hama karate haiM, usase anyathA hama nahIM bhogate-bhoga bhI nahIM skte| karma bhoga kI taiyArI hai| asala meM, karma bhoga kA prArambhika bIja hai| phira vahI bIja bhoga meM vRkSa bana jAtA hai| karmavAda kA jo siddhAnta pracalita hai, usameM ThIka bAta ko bhI isa DhaMga se rakhA gayA hai ki vaha bilkula galata ho gaI hai| usa siddhAnta meM aisI bAta na mAlUma kina kAraNoM se praviSTa ho gaI hai ki karma to hama abhI kareMge aura bhogeMge agale janma meM / kArya-kAraNa ke bIca antarAla nahIM hotA-antarAla ho hI nahIM sktaa| agara antarAla A jAya to kArya-kAraNa vicchinna ho jAyeMge, unakA sambandha TUTa jaaegaa| Aga meM maiM abhI hAtha DAlU aura jalU agale janma meM yaha samajha ke bAhara kI bAta hogI / lekina isa taraha ke siddhAnta kA, isa taraha kI bhrAnti kA kucha kAraNa hai| vaha yaha hai ki hama eka ora to bhale AdamiyoM ko duHkha jhelate dekhate haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora hameM bure loga sukha uThAte dIkhate haiM / agara pratipala hamAre kArya aura kAraNa paraspara jur3eM haiM to bure logoM kA sukhI honA aura bhale logoM kA duHkhI honA kaise samajhAyA jA sakatA hai ? eka AdamI bhalA hai, saccaritra hai, ImAnadAra hai aura duHkha bhoga rahA hai, kaSTa pA rahA hai, dUsarA AdamI burA hai, beImAna hai, caritrahIna hai aura sukha pA rahA hai, vaha dhana-dhAnya se bharA pUrA hai / agara acche kArya tatkAla phala lAte haiM to acche AdamI ko sukha bhoganA cAhiye aura yadi bure kAryoM kA pariNAma tatkAla burA hotA hai to bure AdamI ko duHkha bhoganA cAhiye / parantu aisA kama hotA hai / jinhoMne ise samajhane-samajhAne kI koziza kI unheM mAno eka hI rAstA milaa| unhoMne pUrva janma meM kie gae puNya-pApa ke sahAre isa jIvana ke sukhaduHkha ko jor3ane kI galatI kI aura kahA ki agara acchA AdamI duHkha bhogatA hai to vaha apane pichale bure kAryoM ke kAraNa aura agara koI barA AdamI sukha bhogatA hai to apane pichale acche karmoM ke kaarnn| lekina isa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke dUsare upAya bhI the aura asala meM dUsare upAya hI saca haiN| pichale

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274 ] [ karma siddhAnta janmoM ke acche-bure karmoM ke dvArA isa jIvana ke sukha-duHkha kI vyAkhyA karanA karmavAda ke siddhAnta ko vikRta karatA hai| saca pUchie to aisI hI vyAkhyA ke ' kAraNa karmavAda kI upAdeyatA naSTa sI ho gaI hai / 1 karmavAda kI upAdeyatA isa bAta meM hai ki vaha kahatA hai- tuma jo kara rahe ho vahI tuma bhoga rahe ho| isaliye tuma aisA karo ki sukha bhoga sako, Ananda pA sako / agara tuma krodha karoge to duHkha bhogoge, bhoga rahe ho / krodha ke pIche hI duHkha bhI A rahA hai chAyA kI taraha / agara prema karoge, zAnti se rahoge, aura dUsaroM ko zAnti doge to zAnti arjita karoge / yahI thI upayogitA karmavAda kI / kintu isakI galata vyAkhyA ho gaI / kahA gayA ki isa janma ke puNya kA phala agale meM milegA, yadi duHkha hai to isakA kAraNa pichale janma meM kiyA gayA koI pApa hogA / aisI bAtoM kA citta para bahuta gaharA prabhAva nahIM par3atA / vastutaH koI bhI vyakti itane dUragAmI citta kA nahIM hotA ki vaha abhI karma kare aura agale janma meM milane vAle phala se ciMtita ho / agalA janma aMdhere meM kho jAtA hai / agale janma kA kyA bharosA ? pahale to yahI pakkA nahIM ki agalA janma hogA yA nahIM ? phira, yaha bhI pakkA nahIM ki jo karma abhI phala de sakane meM asamartha hai, vaha agale janma meM degA hI kucha karmoM ke phala roke jA sakate haiM to aneka janmoM taka kyoM nahIM ? tIsarI bAta yaha hai ki manuSya kA citta tatkAlajIvI hai / vaha kahatA hai ThIka hai, agale janma meM jo hogA, hogA, abhI jo ho rahA hai, karane do| abhI maiM kyoM ciMtA karU agale janma kI ? / agara eka janma taka isa prakAra karmavAda kI jo upayogitA thI, vaha naSTa ho gaI / jo satya thA, vaha bhI naSTa ho gayA / satya hai kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta jisa para vijJAna khar3A hai / agara kArya-kAraNa ko haTA do to vijJAna kA sArA bhavana dharAzAyI ho jAya / ma nAmaka dArzanika ne iMgalaiMDa meM aura cArvAka ne bhAratavarSa meM kArya - kAraNa ke siddhAnta ko galata siddha karanA caahaa| agara hyUma jIta jAtA to vijJAna kA janma nahIM hotA / agara cArvAka jIta jAtA to dharma kA janma nahIM hotA, kyoMki cArvAka ne bhI kArya-kAraNa ke siddhAnta ko na mAnA / usane kahA, "khAo, pIzro, mauja karo" kyoMki koI bharosA nahIM ki jo burA karatA hai, use burA hI mile / dekho, eka AdamI burA kara rahA hai aura bhalA bhoga rahA hai / cora majA kara rahA hai, acora duHkhI hai / jIvana ke sabhI karma asambaddha haiM / buddhimAna AdamI jAnatA hai ki kisI karma kA kisI phala se koI sambandha nahIM /

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karma aura kArya-kAraNa sambandha ] [ 275 cArvAka ke virodha meM hI mahAvIra kA karma-siddhAnta hai| dharma bhI vijJAna hai aura vaha bhI kArya-kAraNa-siddhAnta para khar3A hai| vijJAna kahatA hai, "abhI kAraNa, abhI kArya / " "parantu jaba tathAkathita dhArmika kahate haiM- "prabho kAraNa, kArya agale janma meM to dharma kA vaijJAnika AdhAra khisaka jAtA hai / yaha antarAla eka dama jhUTha hai / kArya aura kAraNa meM agara koI sambandha hai to usake bIca meM antarAla nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki antarAla ho gayA to sambandha kyA rahA ? cIjeM asambaddha ho gaIM, alaga-alaga ho gii| yaha vyAkhyA naitika logoM ne khoja lI, kyoMki ve samajhA nahIM sake jIvana ko / merI apanI samajha yaha hai ki pratyeka karma tatkAla phaladAyI hai / jaiseyadi maiMne krodha kiyA to maiM krodha karane ke kSaNa se hI krodha ko bhoganA zurU karatA huuN| aisA nahIM ki agale janma meM isakA phala bhoguu| krodha kA karanA aura krodha kA duHkha bhoganA sAtha-sAtha cala rahA hai| krodha vidA ho jAtA hai lekina duHkha kA silasilA dera taka calatA hai| yadi duHkha aura Ananda agale janma meM mileMge aura unake lie pratIkSA karanI hogI to kahIM kisI ko hisAbakitAba rakhane kI jarUrata hogii| parantu, phala ke liye pratIkSA karane kI jarUrata nahIM hotI / vaha tatkAla milatA hai| hisAba-kitAba rakhane kI jarUrata nahIM hotii| isaliye mahAvIra bhagavAn ko bhI vidA kara sake / agara janma-janmAntara kA hisAba-kitAba rakhanA hai to phira niyantA kI vyavasthA jarUrI hai / niyantA kI jarUrata vahA~ hotI hai jahA~ niyama kA lekhA-jokhA rakhanA par3atA hai| krodha meM abhI karUM aura mujhe phala kisI dUsare janma meM mile to isakA hisAba kahA~ rahegA? isaliye kucha logoM ne kahA-paramAtmA ke pAsa / ina logoM kA paramAtmA mahAlipika hai jo hamAre puNya-pApa kA hisAba rakhatA hai aura dekhatA hai ki niyama pUre ho rahe haiM yA nahIM ? mahAvIra ne bar3I vaijJAnika bAta kahI hai| unake anusAra niyama paryApta haiM, niyantA kI jarUrata nahIM hai / agara niyantA hai to niyama meM gar3abar3I hone kI saMbhAvanA banI rhegii| loga usakI prArthanA kareMge, khuzAmada kareMge aura vaha khuza hokara niyamoM meM ulaTa-phera karatA rhegaa| kabhI prahlAda jaise bhaktoM ko vaha Aga meM jalane na degA aura kabhI nArAja hogA to Aga ko jalAne kI AjJA degaa| usake bhakta ko pahAr3a se girAo to usake paira nahIM TUTate, kisI dUsare vyakti ko girAo to usake paira TUTa jAte haiM / prahlAda kI kathA pakSapAta kI kathA hai| usameM apane AdamI kI phikra kI jA rahI hai aura niyama ke apavAda banAye jA rahe haiM / mahAvIra kahate haiM ki agara prahlAda jaise apavAda haiM to phira dharma nahIM ho sakatA / dharma kA AdhAra samAnatA hai, niyama hai jo bhagavAn ke bhaktoM para usI berahamI se lAgU hotA hai jisa berahamI se una logoM para jo usake bhakta

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276 ] [ karma siddhAnta nahIM haiM / yadi apavAda kI bAta mAna lI jAya to kabhI aisA bhI ho sakatA hai ki kSaya ke kITANu kisI davA se na mareM / ho sakatA hai ki kSaya ke kITANu bhI prahlAda kI taraha bhagavAn ke bhakta hoM aura koI davA kAma na kare / yadi dharma hai to niyama hai aura agara niyama hai to niyantA meM bAdhA pdd'egii| isaliye mahAvIra niyama ke pakSa meM niyantA ko vidA kara dete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki niyama kAphI hai aura niyama akhaNDa hai / prArthanA, pUjA unase hamArI rakSA nahIM kara sakatI / niyama se bacane kA eka hI upAya hai ki niyama ko samajha lo / yaha jAna lo ki Aga meM hAtha DAlane se hAtha jalatA hai, isaliye hAtha mata ddaalo| mahAvIra na to cArvAka ko mAnate haiM aura na niyantA ke mAnane vAloM ko| cArvAka niyama ko tor3akara avyavasthA paidA karatA hai aura niyantA ke mAnane vAle niyama ke Upara kisI niyantA ko sthApita kara avyavasthA paidA karate haiM / mahAvIra pUchate haiM ki yaha bhagavAn niyama ke antargata calatA hai yA nahIM ? agara niyama ke antargata calatA hai to usakI jarUrata kyA hai ? yAnI agara bhagavAn Aga meM hAtha DAlegA to usakA hAtha jalegA ki nahIM ? agara jalatA hai to vaha bhI vaisA hI hai jaisA hama haiM, agara nahIM jalatA hai to aisA bhagavAn khataranAka hai / yadi hama usase dostI kareMge to Aga meM hAtha bhI DAleMge aura zItala hone kA upAya bhI kara leNge| isaliye mahAvIra kahate haiM ki niyama ko na mAnanA avaijJAnika hai aura niyantA kI svIkRti niyama meM bAdhA DAlatI hai / vijJAna kahatA hai ki kisI bhagavAn se hameM kucha lenA-denA nahIM, hama to prakRti ke niyama khojate haiM / ThIka yahI bAta DhAI hajAra sAla pahale mahAvIra ne cetanA ke jagat meM kahI thii| unake anusAra niyama zAzvata, akhaNDa aura aparivartananIya hai / usa aparivartanIya niyama para hI dharma kA vijJAna khar3A hai| yaha asambhava hI hai ki eka karma abhI ho aura usakA phala agale janma meM mile / phala isI karma kI zRMkhalA kA hissA hogA jo isI karma ke sAtha milanA zurU ho jAyagA / hama jo bhI karate haiM use bhoga lete haiN| yadi merI azAnti pichale janma ke karmoM kA phala hai to maiM isa azAnti ko dUra nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra maiM eka dama paratantra ho jAtA hU~ aura gurutroM ke pAsa jAkara zAnti ke upAya khojatA huuN| magara sahI bAta yaha hai ki jo maiM abhI kara rahA hU~, use anakriyA karane kI sAmarthya bhI mujha meM hai| agara maiM prAga meM hAtha DAla rahA hai aura merA hAtha jala rahA hai, aura agara merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki pichale janma ke kisI pApa kA phala bhoga rahA hU~ to maiM hAtha DAle calA jAU~gA, kyoMki pichale janma ke karma ko maiM badala kaise sakatA hU~ ? jina guruoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pichale janma ke kisI karma ke kAraNa merA hAtha jala rahA hai, ve yaha nahIM kaheMge ki hAtha bAhara khIMco to jalanA banda ho jaay| isakA matalaba yaha haA ki hAtha abhI DAlA jA rahA hai aura abhI DAlA gayA hAtha bAhara khIMcA jA sakatA hai,

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karma aura kArya-kAraNa sambandha ] [ 277 lekina pichale janma meM DAlA gayA hAtha Aja kaise bAhara khIMcA jA sakatA hai ? hamArI isa vyAkhyA ne ki ananta janmoM taka karma ke phala calate haiM, manuSya ko eka dama paratantra kara diyA hai / kintu merA mAnanA hai ki saba kucha kiyA jA sakatA hai isI vakta, kyoMki jo hama kara rahe haiM, vahI hama bhoga rahe haiM / jindagI kI viSamatA ko samajhane ke liye UTapaTAMga vyavasthAe~ gar3ha lI jAtI haiM / merI samajha meM yadi koI burA AdamI saphala hotA hai, sukhI hai to isakA bhI kAraNa hai / maiM bure AdamI ko eka bahuta bar3I jaTila ghaTanA mAnatA hU~ / ho sakatA hai, vaha jhUTha bolatA ho, beImAnI karatA ho, lekina usameM kucha aura guNa hoMge jo hameM dikhAI nahIM par3ate / vaha sAhasI ho sakatA hai, buddhimAna ho sakatA hai, eka-eka kadama ko samajhakara uThAne vAlA ho sakatA hai / usake eka pahalU ko dekhakara hI ki vaha beImAna hai, Apane nirNaya karanA cAhA to Apa galatI kara leMge / ho sakatA hai ki acchA AdamI corI na karatA ho, beImAnI bhI na karatA ho, lekina vaha kAyara ho / buddhimAna AdamI ke liye acchA honA aksara muzkila ho jAtA hai / buddhimAna prAdamI aMcchA hone ke liye majabUra hotA hai / merI mAnyatA hai ki saphalatA milatI hai sAhasa se / agara burA AdamI sAhasI hai to saphalatA le AyegA / acchA AdamI agara sAhasI hai to vaha bure AdamI kI apekSA hajAra gunI saphalatA le AyegA / saphalatA milatI hai buddhimAnI se / agara burA AdamI buddhimAna hai to use saphalatA milegI hI / agara acchA AdamI buddhimAna hai to use hajAra gunI saphalatA milegI / lekina saphalatA acche bhara hone se nahIM prAtI / saphalatA AtI hai, buddhimAnI se, vicAra se, viveka se / koI AdamI acchA hai, mandira jAtA hai, prArthanA karatA hai, lekina usake pAsa paise nahIM haiM / aba mandira jAne aura prArthanA karane se paisA hone kA kyA sambandha ? agara koI acchA AdamI yaha kahe maiM sukhI nahIM hU~, kyoMki maiM acchA hUM aura vaha dUsarA AdamI sukhI hai kyoMki vaha burA hai to acchA dIkhane vAlA vaha prAdamI bure hone kA sabUta de rahA hai / vaha IrSyA se bharA huA AdamI hai / bure AdamI ko jo-jo milA hai vaha saba pAnA cAhatA hai aura acchA rahakara pAnA cAhatA hai / yAnI AkAMkSA hI bar3I behUdI hai / yadi bare AdamI ne dasa lAkha rupaye kamA liye to isake liye usane bure hone kA saudA cukAyA, bure hone kI pIr3A jhelI, bure hone kA daMza jhelA / acchA AdamI mandira meM pUjA karanA cAhatA hai, ghara meM baiThanA cAhatA hai aura bure AdamI ko dasa lAkha rupaye mile haiN| vaha bhI cAhatA hai, jaba use rupaye nahIM milate to kahatA hai ki maiM apane pichale janma ke bure karmoM kA phala bhoga rahA hU~ / use jhUThI sAntvanA bhI milatI hai ki vahA~ vaha agale janma meM svarga meM hogA vahIM vaha burA AdamI naraka meM / 1 maiM kahatA hU~ ki karma kA phala tatkAla milatA hai, lekina karma bahuta jaTila bAta

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278 ] [ karma siddhAnta hai| sAhasa bhI karma hai aura usakA bhI phala hotA hai| sAhasahIna bhI karma hai aura usake bhI phala haiM / isI prakAra buddhimAnI bhI karma hai, buddhihInatA bhI karma / inake bhI apane-apane phala haiM / yadi asaphalatA ke kAraNa unake bhItara hoMge to acche AdamI bhI asaphala ho sakate haiN| bure prAdamI bhI sukhI ho sakate haiM yadi sukha ke kAraNa unake bhItara vartamAna hoNge| kisI aura kA duHkha to hameM dikhatA nahIM, duHkha sirpha apanA aura sukha sadA dUsare kA dikhatA hai / aise hI zubha karma hameM apanA aura azubha karma dUsare kA dikhatA hai| pratyeka vyakti apane karma ko zubha mAnatA hai, kyoMki isase usake ahaMkAra kI tRpti hotI hai / sukha ke hama AdI hote jAte haiM, du:kha ke kabhI AdI nahIM ho paate| Adamo dUsare kA dekhatA hai azubha aura sukha, apanA dekhatA hai zubha aura du.kha / upadrava ho gayA to vaha karmavAda ke siddhAnta kA Azraya letA hai / merI mAnyatA yaha hai ki agara vaha sukha bhoga rahA hai to usameM kucha aisA jarUra hai jo sukha kA kAraNa hai, kyoMki akAraNa kucha bhI nahIM hotI / agara eka DAkU sukhI hai to usakA bhI kAraNa hai / sAdhu ke duHkhI hone kA bhI kAraNa hai / agara dasa DAkU sAtha hoMge to unameM itanA bhAIcArA hogA jitanA dasa sAdhu meM kabhI sunA nahIM gyaa| lekina agara dasa DAkuoM meM mitratA hai to ve mitratA ke sukha avazya bhogeMge, lekina sAdhu eka dUsare se bilkula jhUTha bolate rheNge| taba saca bolane kA jo sukha hai vaha sAdhu nahIM bhoga sktaa| anta meM maiM yaha spaSTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki akasmAt kucha bhI nahIM hotA / yadi kucha ghaTanAoM ko akasmAt hotA mAna leM to kArya-kAraNa kA siddhAnta vyartha ho jAtA hai / yahA~ taka ki lATarI bhI kisI ko akasmAta nahIM miltii| ho sakatA hai ki jina lAkha logoM ne laoNTarI lagAI unameM sabase jyAdA saMkalpa vAlA AdamI vahI ho jise laoNTarI milii| aise hI hajAra kAraNa ho sakate haiM jo hameM dIkha nahIM par3ate / vastutaH usa ghaTanA ko hI akasmAt kahate haiM jisake kAraNa kA hameM patA nahIM hotaa| aisI ghaTanAeM hotI haiM jinakA kAraNa hamArI samajha meM nahIM AtA / jIvana sacamuca bahuta jaTila hai / isameM koI ghaTanA kaise ghaTita ho rahI hai yaha ThIka-ThIka kahanA ekadama muzkila hai, lekina itanA to nizcita hai ki jo ghaTanA ho rahI hai usake pIche koI na koI kAraNa hai, cAhe vaha jJAta ho yA ajJAta / karma ke siddhAnta kA buniyAdI AdhAra yaha hai ki akAraNa kucha bhI nahIM hotaa| dUsarA buniyAdI AdhAra yaha hai ki jo hama kara rahe haiM vahI bhoga rahe haiM aura usameM janmoM ke phAsale nahIM haiM / hameM jAnanA cAhiye ki hama jo bhoga rahe haiM, usake lie hamane kucha upAya kiyA hai, cAhe sukha ho yA duHkha, cAhe zAnti ho yA azAnti / 000

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dhyAna aura karmayoga 0 zrI jI0 esa0 naravAnI eka mahAtmA se kisI ne pUchA ki bhagavan ! manuSya ke lie bhajana mukhya hai athavA karttavya pAlana mukhya hai ? sabhI dharma batalAte haiM ki Izvara kA bhajana jIvana ke lie ati Avazyaka hai para vidvAn , jJAnI aura karmazIla vyakti yahI batAte haiM ki karma hI pUjA hai / vAstavikatA kyA hai ? ___ mahAtmA ne batAyA ki manuSya kA mukhya dharma apanA karttavya karanA hI hai / jinhoMne 'gItA' kA kucha adhyayana kiyA hai, ve yahI jAnate haiM ki binA phala kI icchA rakhate hue, binA prAsakti yA moha ke karma karanA hI manuSya kA sarvazreSTha dharma hai / saMsAra meM hara buddhimAna prANI acche karma karanA cAhatA hai, satya bolanA cAhatA hai, kisI ko kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhatA, corI nahIM karanA cAhatA, pavitra rahanA cAhatA hai, sukhI va zAMta rahanA cAhatA hai, kisI se IrSyA yA dvaSa nahIM rakhanA cAhatA, krodha se dUra rahanA pasaMda karatA hai, kAma ko burA mAnatA hai, lobhI va lAlacI manuSya ko burA samajhatA hai, saMsAra meM moha rakhanA vyartha mAnatA hai / para yaha saba cAhate hue bhI va jIvana meM ina guNoM kI upayogitA samajhate hue bhI, kyA usakA AcaraNa usake cAhe anukUla ho pAtA hai ? manuSya anajAne meM, anacAhe, paristhiti vaza, kisI kAraNa vaza kaise-kaise kukRtya kara baiThatA hai jinheM vaha svapna meM bhI karane se jhijhakatA hai / Akhira kyoM ? isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki hamane Izvara kA dhyAna nahIM kiyaa| ina cIjoM ko hamane UparI mana se, bAharI mana se to karanA cAhA para mana meM zakti thI nahIM, isalie hama inheM pUrA nahIM kara pAe / mahAtmA gA~dhI kA udAharaNa hamAre sAmane hai / eka dubalA-patalA AdamI binA hathiyAra videzI sarakAra ke kAnUna tor3atA rahA kyoMki usake mana meM Izvara kI zakti thii| unhoMne likhA hai ki"maiM apane hara dina kA kArya Izvara bhajana se prArambha karatA hU~, pUre dina kA bhAvI kAryakrama bhI usI Izvara kI preraNA se nizcita karatA hU~, usI rAma ke prakAza meM mujhe yaha bhI dIkha jAtA hai ki isa kArya ko pUrA karane kA, asalI jAmA pahinAne kA rAstA kyA hai ? aura phira isa prakAra sunizcita karttavya ko pAlana karane kI zakti bhI mujhe mere rAma se milatI hai, merA rAma nAma saba bImAriyoM kI acUka auSadhi hai|"

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280 ] [ karma siddhAnta kartavya ke ThIka-ThIka nibhAne ke lie hI Izvara-upAsanA kI AvazyakatA hai aura agara thor3A Age socA jAe to kartavya ke pAlana ko to dUra, karttavya ke ThIka-ThIka jJAna ke lie bhI paramAtmA kA bhajana karanA prathama aura anivArya zarta hai / kartavya pAlana karane ke lie tIna bAteM Avazyaka haiM : 1. sahI kartavya kA jJAna / 2. karttavya pAlana karane yA nibhAne ke sahI rAste kA jJAna / 3. kartavya pAlana karane ke lie zakti / ina bAtoM kA jIvana meM AnA Izvara kI upAsanA se hI saMbhava hai| saca to yaha hai ki kartavya pAlana ko hama jitanA AsAna samajha baiThe haiM utanA binA Izvara bhajana ke-AsAna nahIM / karttavya kI balivedI para balidAna honA baccoM kA khilavAr3a nahIM, mAtra pustakIya jJAna, pAMDitya va vidvatA se saMbhava nhiiN| Izvara ke dhyAna se jaba manuSya ke vicAra zAMta hone lagate haiM, to AtmanirIkSaNa dvArA manuSya ko apanI kamiyA~ dikhane lagatI haiN| dhyAna se choTI-sechoTI kamI bhI ubhara kara sAmane A jAtI hai aura manuSya use dUra karane kI socatA hai / dhyAna karate-karate mana meM malina saMskAra dagdha hote rahate haiM, mana sApha hone lagatA hai, vicAra pavitra hote haiM, buddhi tIvra hotI hai, viveka prabala hone lagatA hai aura AtmA kA prakAza mana meM phailane lagatA hai| aise dharma ke prakAza meM hI manuSya ko sahI kartavya kA jJAna hotA hai / sUrya ke prakAza meM kiye gae phaisale galata ho sakate haiM, parantu Izvara ke prakAza meM aMdhe bhI sahI nirNaya karate haiN| apane kartavya kA bodha yA jJAna ho jAne ke pazcAt use nibhAne ke sahI rAste kA jJAna bhI honA caahie| yadi karttavya pAlana karane kA rAstA ThIka nahIM hai athavA anyAyapUrNa hai to nizcaya hI kartavya-pAlana se jo zAMti va Ananda hameM milanA cAhie, vaha nahIM mila skegaa| . hama saMsAra meM aksara dekhate haiM ki karttavya kA bodha hone ke bAvajada va sahI rAstA mAlUma hone ke bAvajUda kaI manuSya kartavya karane se cUka jAte haiN| unameM himmata nahIM hotii| ve paristhitiyoM se yA svArthavaza ghabarA jAte haiN| ataH kartavya parAyaNatA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vaha bhI Izvara ke gahare dhyAna se hI prApta hotI hai| Izvara kA dhyAna karate-karate jaba manuSya ke hRdaya meM bhagavAn basa jAtA hai to usameM svata: Atma-zakti kA, adamya sAhasa kA, pUrNa nirbhayatA kA bhI vikAsa hotA hai| gA~dhIjI ne apane roma-roma meM rAma ko

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dhyAna aura karmayoga ] [ 281 basA liyA thA, isalie kartavya-mArga para hamezA DaTe rahe va nirbhayatA se Age bar3hate rhe| ataH manuSya ko rojAnA prAtaH evaM sAyaM Izvara ke dhyAna dvArA unakI samIpatA prApta karanI cAhie jisase ki saccA jJAna milatA rahe, kartavya-bodha hotA rahe evaM viveka jAgRta hotA rahe va AtmA sazakta evaM balavAna banatI rahe / anya samaya meM, prAtaH uThate samaya, rAta ko sote samaya, koI vastu khAte yA pIte samaya, akele ghUmate samaya, phAlatU kSaNoM meM manuSya ko mAnasika ciMtana ke dvArA Izvara kA smaraNa karate rahanA cAhie, samIpatA prApta karate rahanA cAhie va Izvara se jJAna kA prakAza, zAMti, Ananda prApta karate rahanA caahie| Izvara to vAstava meM tattva hai, eka zakti hai jisakA na koI nAma hai na rUpa, jo hamane rakha liyA yA mAna liyA vahI ThIka hai| vahI Izvara zakti hamAre mana ke saMskAroM ko sApha karegI, saMsAra ke gaMde vicAroM kI dhUla sApha kregii| usase hamArA mana kA zIzA sApha rahegA va hameM sahI kartavya-bodha hotA rhegaa| jJAna aura viveka ke jAgRta hone ke sAtha-sAtha IzvarIya zakti bhI dhyAna ke dvArA khIMcanI hogI tAki hama kartavya nibhAne meM saphala ho skeN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yadyapi karma athavA kartavya hI saccI pUjA hai parantu binA dhyAna yA Izvara-upAsanA ke na to sahI kartavya kA jJAna ho sakatA hai, na usake nibhAne ke sahI rAste kA jJAna ho pAegA aura na hI kartavya-pAlana hetu zakti prApta ho skegii| / pratyeka kartavya-karma apane-apane sthAna para mahAna hai, parantu kaba ? jaba karma ke pIche jo bhAva hai vaha pavitra ho, bhAva ke pIche jo jJAna hai vaha uddezya-pUrti meM hetu ho aura uddezya vaha ho jisake Age aura koI uddezya na ho| ataH pratyeka kartavya karma dvArA apane vAstavika uddezya kI pUrti anivArya hai| - apavitra upAya se pavita uhagya-pUrti kI AzA karanA bhUla hai, kyoMki kI huI apavitratA miTAI nahIM jA sakatI aura usake pariNAma se bacA nahIM jA sakatA apitu apavitra upAya kA pariNAma pavitratama udaya ko malIna banA degA / ataH pavitratama uddezya kI pUrti ke lie pavita upAya kA hI anusaraNa anivArya hai|

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42 karmavAda aura Adhunika ciMtana karmavAdako siddhAnta mAnA jAe yA darzana, isameM matabheda ho sakatA hai / maiM use eka vAda yA vicAra mAnatA hU~, kyoMki vaha jar3a aura cetana ke baMdha aura mokSa kI prakriyA kA vicAra karatA hai / vikAsa kI prArambhika sthitiyA~ pAra kara, jaba mAnava jAti ne sAmAjika jIvana zurU kiyA aura Arthika tathA rAjanaitika dRSTiyoM se usameM ThaharAva AyA to bhASA ke sAtha usameM vicAra cetanA vikasita huI / sRSTi aura janma-mRtyu ke rahasyoM ko jAnane kI tIvra icchA meM kaI prazna khar3e kara die| jaise yaha sRSTi apane Apa banI, yA kisI ne ise banAyA ? usakA kArobAra svataH cala rahA hai, yA vaha kisI adRzya zakti se niyaMtrita hai ? jIva kyA hai, kahA~ se AtA hai, aura kahA~ jAtA hai ? vaha svataMtra tAttvika ikAI hai, yA kaI tattvoM kA mizraNa hai ? usameM icchAe~ kyoM paidA hotI haiM, ve apane Apa paidA hotI haiM yA koI paidA karatA hai ? AhAra, nidrA, bhaya aura maithuna kI jaivika AvazyakatAe~ kyoM jIva ke sAtha jur3I haiM ? AdamI ina AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke lie jitane upakaraNa juTAtA hai, ve utanI hI phaila - phailAtI jAtI haiM, pUrti ke saMtoSa ke sthAna para apUrti kA asaMtoSa tIvratara hotA jAtA hai, pUrti ke sAdhanoM kI hor3a meM zoSaNa kI sabhyatA zurU ho jAto hai | usane jAnanA cAhA ki kyA AhAra, nidrA kI dainika bhaMjhaToM vAle tathA janma-mRtyu kI kArAtroM meM baMda jIvana ke sthAna para aisA jIvana pAyA jA sakatA hai, jahA~ saba kucha anaMta ho, pracura ho, svakendrita ho, Anandamaya ho ? Jain Educationa International DaoN0 devendrakumAra jaina isa prakAra anaMta aura zAzvata jIvana kI khoja meM manuSya ne pAyA ki icchAmaya jIvana se chuTakAre ke bAda hI, zAzvata jIvana pAyA jA sakatA hai / apane vicAroM ko nizcita dizA dene ke lie usane kucha pUrva kalpanAe~ kIM / kisI ne mAnA ki sRSTi aura jIva kisI niyaMtA ke adhIna haiM, vahI inase mukti dilA sakatA hai, isalie usakA sAkSAtkAra jarUrI hai / dUsare ne mAnA ki yaha sRSTi eka sanAtana pravAha hai jisakA na Adi hai aura na aMta / pravAha ke kAraNoM ko roka dene se, zrAtmA pravAha se mukta hokara apane svarUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai / kucha ne yaha mAnA ki zrAtmA kucha aura nahIM, kaI tattvoM ke mela se banI icchA kI jvAlA hai, dIpaka kI lau kI taraha usakA zAMta ho jAnA hI usakI For Personal and Private Use Only

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karmavAda meM Adhunika ciMtana ] [ 283 carama sthiti yA nirvANa hai / lekina ye vicAra, kisI pUrva kalpanA ( Prothesis ) ko mUla mAnakara calate haiM, jisake bAre meM sabhI dArzanikoM kA vicAra hai ki vaha Izvara yA sarvajJa ke dvArA dRSTa satya hai, yaha satya ho sakatA hai, parantu isa satya ko pAne kI prakriyA kA vicAra karane vAloM ke lie vaha, eka pUrvakalpita satya hI hogA, kyoMki ve yaha dAvA nahIM karate ki unhoMne ukta satya kA sAkSAtkAra kara liyA hai / jaina darzana ke vicAraka bhI yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki sRSTi aura usameM jar3a cetana kA mizraNa anAdi nidhana hai, yAnI vaha prArambha hIna satata pravAha hai / jIvana kI sArI viSamatAe~ aura samasyAe~ - isI mizraNa kI pratikriyAe~ haiM, ve vaibhAvika pariNatiyA~ haiM, rAga cetanA kI niSpattiyA~ haiM, jo jIva ke sAtha itanI ghula-mila gaI haiM ki 'jIva' inhIM ke mAdhyama se apane ko pahacAnatA hai / usakI yaha pahacAna jitanI gAr3hI hotI hai, use sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti utanI ho tIvratara hotI hai / rAgAtmaka paramANu cetanA ke pratyeka guraNa para AvaraNa DAla dete haiM, aura vaha duHkhI ho uThatI hai, anukUla sthiti meM sukhI bhI hotI hai / isa prakAra vyakti ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa, usI meM hai na ki samAja yA bAharI paristhitiyoM meM | apane sukha-duHkha kA kartA aura bhoktA vyakti svayaM hai, jina karmoM se yaha hotA hai, unakA kartA vaha svayaM hai / isa prakAra Upara se dekhane para karmavAda - vyakti ko karane kI svataMtratA detA hai aura usase mukta hone kA adhikAra bhI / parantu mUlataH yaha prakriyA atyanta jaTila hai, aura eka bAra jIva jaba karma ke jaMjAla meM phaMsa jAtA hai (yA phaMsA diyA gayA hai) to usase chUTanA AsAna nahIM hai / phira bhI karmavAda meM vyakti ko mukta hone kI svataMtratA hai / lekina yaha sArI vicAradhArA, samAja nirapekSa vicAradhArA hai, jo manuSya ko laukika dRSTi se udAsIna aura zrAtma kendrita banA detI hai, usa para yaha bahuta bar3A AkSepa hai / yaha pravRtti manuSya ko akarmaNya aura sAmAjika saMgharSa se nirapekSa banA detI hai, jabaki Adhunika citana isa vicAradhArA ko samAja ke lie atyaMta khataranAka mAnatA hai / 1 ' vAstava meM dekhA jAe to dUsare bhAratIya darzanoM kI taraha jaina karmavAda bhI isI pravRtti kA poSaka hai / yAnI usake anusAra vyakti ke naitika vikAsa se samAja aura rASTra kA vikAsa svataH ho jaaegaa| yaha mAnyatA, itihAsa ke utAra-car3hAva meM kaI bAra jhuThalAI jA cukI hai / isase bar3I viDambanA aura kyA ho sakatI hai ki Atma svAtaMtrya kI alakha jagAne vAlA deza sahasrAbdiyoM taka bhautika gulAmI kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3A rahA, jisakI dUsarI misAla nahIM milatI / Adhunika ciMtana kI paribhASA ko lekara cAhe jo matabheda hoM, parantu

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284 ] [ karma siddhAnta yaha saba svIkArate haiM ki sukha-duHkha, garIbI-amIrI ke kAraNa hamArI samAja vyavasthA aura artha-vyavasthA meM maujUda haiN| puNya-pApa, U~ca-nIca ke vicAra ko sAmAjika nyAya meM Ar3e nahIM AnA cAhie / parantu vaha AtA hai / jaina karmavAda, isa sambandha meM yathAsthiti vAda ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| sabase bar3A AkSepa yaha hai ki karmavAda dRzya samasyAoM ke lie adRzya kAraNoM ko jimmedAra mAnatA hai| dUsarA AkSepa yaha hai ki karma prakriyA itanI jaTila hai ki vaha sAmAnya buddhi ke pare haiM / karmavAda kA prayoga vyakti stara para kiyA gayA, vaha bhI mokSa kI prApti ke lie / saMsAra yA samAja vyavasthA ko badalane kI dizA meM ukta vAda kA kabhI prayoga nahIM kiyA gyaa| yaha bhUlanA bhayAvaha hogA ki karmavAda jIvana kI svIkRti hai, usase palAyana nahIM, vItarAgatA kA mArga rAgAtmakatA meM se gujaratA hai, mokSa, rAgavRkSa kA phala hai, phala pAne ke lie vRkSa kI pUrI saMracanA kI upekSA kA vahI pariNAma hogA jo hama dekha rahe haiN| ___ *0. / pratyeka karma hI kartA kA citra hai / ataH kartA kI sundaratA tathA asundaratA kA paricaya usake kiye hue karma se hI vyakta hotA hai , sundara kartA ke binA sundara kArya sambhava nahIM hai| kartA vahI sundara ho sakatA hai ki jisakA karma 'para' ke lie hitakara siddha ho tathA kisI ke lie ahitakara na ho| ataH kAryArambha se pUrva yaha vikalpa-rahita nirNaya kara lenA cAhiye ki usa kArya kA mAnava-jIvana meM sthAna hI nahIM hai jo kisI ke lie bhI ahitakara hai| ahitakara kArya kA artha hai ki jo kisI ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka ho| 0 prApta paristhiti ke anusAra kartavya-pAlana kA dAyitva taba taka rahatA hI hai jaba taka kartA ke jIvana se azuddha tathA anAvazyaka saMkalpa naSTa na ho jAya, Avazyaka tathA zuddha saMkalpa pare hokara miTa na jAya, sahaja bhAva se nirvikalpatA na A jAve, apane Apa AyI huI nirvikalpatA se asaMgatA na ho jAya tathA asaMgatApUrvaka prApta svAdhInatA ko samarpita kara jIvana prema se paripUrNa na ho jAya / kartavya-pAlana se apane ko bacAnA bhUla hai / ataH prApta paristhiti ke anurUpa mAnava ko kartavyaniSTha honA anivArya hai|

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karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha - DaoN. mahAvIra sarana jaina AdhyAtmika dRSTi se karma siddhAnta para bar3I gaharAI se vicAra huA hai| usake sAmAjika sandarbho kI prAsaMgikatA para bhI vicAra karanA apekSita hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se vyakti mAyA ke kAraNa apanA prakRta svabhAva bhUla jAtA hai / rAga-dveSa se pramatta jIva indriyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara mana, vacana, kAya se karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| jaise dUdha aura pAnI paraspara mila jAte haiM, vaise hI karma-pudgala ke paramANu Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha saMzliSTa ho jAte haiN| jisa prakAra loha-piMDa ko agni meM DAla dene para usake kaNa-kaNa meM agni parivyApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra AtmA ke asaMkhyAta pradezoM para ananta-ananta karma vargaNA ke pudgala saMzliSTa ho jAte haiN| jIva anAdi kAla se saMsArI hai / daihika sthitiyoM se jakar3I huI AtmA ke kriyAkalApoM meM zarIra (pudgala) sahAyaka evaM bAdhaka hotA hai| AtmA kA guNa caitanya aura pudgala kA guNa acaitanya hai| AtmA evaM pudgala bhinna dharmI haiM phira inakA anAdi pravAhI sambandha hai| AtmA evaM zarIra ke saMyoga se "vaibhAvika guNa" utpanna hote haiN| ye haiM-paudgalika mana, zvAsa-prazvAsa, AhAra, bhASA / ye guNa na to AtmA ke haiM aura na zarIra ke haiN| donoM ke saMyoga se hI ye utpanna hote haiM / manuSya kI mRtyu ke samaya zvAsa-prazvAsa, AhAra evaM bhASA ke guNa to samApta ho jAte haiM kintu pudgala-karma ke Atma-pradezoM ke sAtha saMzliSTa ho jAne ke kAraNa eka "paudgalika zarIra" usake sAtha nirmita ho jAtA hai jo dehAntara karate samaya usake sAtha rahatA hai| sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa, zabda rUpa mUrta-pudgaloM kA nimitta pAkara arthAt zarIra kI indriyoM dvArA viSayoM kA grahaNa karane para AtmA rAga-dveSa evaM moha rUpa meM pariNamana karatI hai| isI se karmoM kA bandhana hotA hai| karmoM kA utpAdaka moha tathA usake bIja rAga evaM dveSa haiN| karma kI upAdhi se AtmA kA zuddha svabhAva AcchAdita ho jAtA hai / karmoM ke bandhana se AtmA kI virUpa avasthA ho jAtI hai / bandhanoM kA abhAva athavA AvaraNoM kA haTanA hI mukti hai| mukti kI dazA meM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa avasthA meM sthita ho jAtI hai|

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286 ] [ karma siddhAnta isa tathya ko bhAratIya-darzana svIkAra karate haiN| AtmA ke "AvaraNoM" ko bhinna nAmoM dvArA vyakta kiyA gayA hai kintu mUla avadhAraNA meM antara nahIM hai / AtmA ke AvaraNa ko jaina darzana karma-pudgala, bauddha-darzana tRSNA evaM vAsanA, vedAnta-darzana avidyA-ajJAna ke kAraNa mAyA tathA yoga-darzana 'prakRti' ke nAma se abhihita karate haiM / __ AvaraNoM ko haTAkara mukta kisa prakAra huA jA sakatA hai ? kartAvAdIsampradAya paramezvara ke anugraha, zaktipAta, dIkSA tathA upAya ko isake hetu mAna lete haiM / jo darzana jIva meM hI karmoM ko karane kI svAtaMtrya zakti mAnakara jIvAtmA ke puruSArtha ko svIkRti pradAna karate haiM tathA karmAnusAra phala-prApti meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, ve sAdhanA-mArga tathA sAdhanoM para vizvAsa rakhate haiN| koI zIla, samAdhi tathA prajJA kA vidhAna karatA hai, koI zravaNa, manana evaM nididhyAsana kA upadeza detA hai| jaina darzana samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyak cAritrya ke sammilita rUpa ko mokSa-mArga kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| - isase inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jo karma karatA hai, vahI usakA phala bhogatA hai / jo jaisA karma karatA hai usake anusAra vaisA hI karma-phala bhogatA hai / isI kAraNa sabhI jIvoM meM Atma zakti hote hue bhI ve karmoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa jIvana kI nAnAgatiyoM, yoniyoM, sthitiyoM meM bhinna rUpa meM paribhramita haiM / yaha karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha hai / sAmAjika stara para 'karmavAda' vyakti ke puruSArtha ko jAgRta karatA hai / yaha use sahI mAyane meM sAmAjika evaM mAnavIya banane kI preraNA pradAna karatA hai / usameM naitikatA ke saMskAroM ko upajAtA hai| vyakti ko yaha vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki acche karma kA phala acchA hotA hai tathA bure karma kA phala burA hotA hai| rAgadveSa vAlA pApakarmI jIva saMsAra meM usI prakAra pIr3ita hotA hai jaise viSama mArga para calatA huA andhA vyakti / prANI jaise karma karate haiM, unakA phala unheM unhIM ke karmoM dvArA svataH mila jAtA hai / karma ke phala bhoga ke lie karma aura usake karane vAle ke atirikta kisI tIsarI zakti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| samAna sthitiyoM meM bhI do vyaktiyoM kI bhinna mAnasika pratikriyAe~ karma-bheda ko spaSTa karatI haiN| __karma vargaNA ke paramANu loka meM sarvatra bhare haiN| hameM karma karane hI pdd'eNge| zarIra hai to kriyA bhI hogii| kriyA hogI to karma-vargaNA ke paramANu prAtmapradeza kI ora AkRSTa hoMge hii| to kyA hama kriyA karanA banda karadeM ? kyA phira koI vyakti jIvita raha sakatA hai ? kyA aisI sthiti meM sAmAjika jIvana cala sakatA hai ? khetI kaise hogI ? kala kArakhAne kaise caleMge? vastuoM kA utpAdana kaise hogA ? kyA karma hIna sthiti meM koI jindA raha sakatA hai|

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karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha ] [ 287 karma kA mUla kSaNa hiMsA hai| ahiMsA se bar3hakara dUsarI koI sAdhanA nahIM hai| isI ahiMsA ke vyAvahArika jIvana meM pAlana karane ke sambandha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI jijJAsAyeM uThI thiiN| jala meM jIva haiM, sthala para jIva haiM, AkAza meM bhI sarvatra jIva haiN| jIvoM se ThasAThasa bhare isa loka meM bhikSu ahiMsaka kaise raha sakatA hai ? hameM karma karane hI pdd'eNge| mArga meM calate hue anajAne yadi koI jIva Ahata ho jAve to kyA vaha hiMsA ho jAvegI ? yadi vaha hiMsA hai to kyA hama akarmaNya ho jAveM? kriyA karanI banda karadeM ? aisI sthiti meM samAja kA kArya kisa prakAra sampanna ho sakatA hai ? mahAvIra ne ina jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna kiyaa| unhoMne ahiMsA ke pratipAdana dvArA vyakti ke citta ko bahuta gahare se prabhAvita kiyaa| unhoMne loka ke jIva mAtra ke uddhAra kA vaijJAnika mArga khoja nikaalaa| unhoMne saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke prati AtmatulyatA-bhAva kI jAgRti kA upadeza diyA, zatru evaM mitra sabhI prANiyoM para samabhAva kI dRSTi rakhane kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| yahA~ Akara AdhyAtmika dRSTi evaM sAmAjika dRSTi paraspara pUraka ho jAtI haiM / AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karanA hai| Apa kyA haiM ? "maiN"| isa "maiM" ko jisa cetanA zakti ke dvArA jAnate haiM, vahI AtmA hai| bAkI anya sabhI "para" haiM / apane ko anyoM se nikAla lo-zuddha AtmA ke svarUpa meM sthita ho jAo / Atma sAkSAtkAra kA dUsarA rAstA bhI hai| apane ko anya sabhI meM bA~Ta do / samasta jIvoM para maitrIbhAva rakho / sampUrNa vizva ko samabhAva se dekhane para sAdhaka ke lie na koI priya raha jAtA hai na koI apriya / apane ko anyoM meM bA~Ta dene para Atma tulyatA kI pratIti hotI hai / jo sAdhaka AtmA ko prAtmA se jAna letA hai, vaha eka ko jAnakara sabako jAna letA hai / eka ko jAnanA hI sabako jAnanA hai tathA sabako samabhAva se jAnanA hI apane ko jAnanA hai / donoM hI sthitiyA~ kevala nAmAntara mAtra haiN| donoM meM hI rAga-dveSa ke prasaMgoM meM sama kI sthiti hai, rAga evaM dveSa se atIta hone kI prakriyA hai / rAga-dveSa hInatA dhArmika banane kI prathama sIr3hI hai| isI kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki bhavyAtmAoM ko cAhie ki ve samasta saMsAra ko samabhAva se dekheN| kisI ko priya evaM kisI ko apriya na bnaaveN|| zatru athavA mitra sabhI prANiyoM para samabhAva kI dRSTi rakhanA hI ahiMsA hai| samabhAva evaM AtmatulyatA kI dRSTi kA vikAsa hone para vyakti apane Apa ahiMsaka ho jAtA hai / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prANI mAtra jIvita rahane kI icchA rakhate haiM / sabako apanA jIvana priya hai| sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM cAhatA / sabhI prANiyoM ko duHkha apriya hai| isa kAraNa kisI

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288 ] [ karma siddhAnta bhI prANI ko mAranA tathA duHkha pahu~cAnA hiMsA hai tathA kisI bhI prANI ko na mAranA tathA use duHkha na pahucAnA hI ahisA hai / isakA vyakti kI mAnasikatA ke sAtha sambandha hai| isa kAraNa mahAvIra ne kahA ki apramatta AtmA ahiMsaka hai| eka kisAna apanI kriyA karate hue yadi anajAne jIva hiMsA kara bhI detA hai to bhI hiMsA kI bhAvanA usake sAtha jur3atI nahIM hai| bhale hI hama kisI kA vadha na kareM, kintu kisI kA vadha karane kA vicAra yadi hamAre mastiSka meM A jAtA hai to usakA sambandha hamArI mAnasikatA se sampRkta ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa kahA gayA hai ki rAga-dveSa kA aprAdurbhAva ahiMsA evaM usakA prAdurbhAva hiMsA hai / rAga-dveSa rahita pravRtti meM azakya koTi ke prANiyoM kA prANavadha ho jAe to bhI naizcayika hiMsA nahIM hotI, rAga-dveSa sahita pravRtti se prANavadha na hone para bhI hiMsA hotI hai| hiMsA adharma kA pratIka hai tathA ahiMsA dharma kaa| hiMsA se pAzavikatA kA janma hotA hai, ahiMsA se mAnavIyatA evaM sAmAjikatA kaa| dUsaroM kA aniSTa karane kI nahIM, apane kalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha dUsaroM kA bhI kalyANa karane kI pravRtti ne manuSya ko sAmAjika evaM mAnavIya banAyA hai| prakRti se vaha AdamI hai / saMsArI hai| rAga-dveSa yukta hai / karmoM ke bandhanoM se jakar3A huA hai| usake jIvana meM rAga ke kAraNa lobha evaM kAma kI tathA dvaSa ke kAraNa krodha evaM vaira kI vRttiyoM kA saMcAra hotA hai / lobha ke kAraNa bAhya padArthoM meM hamArI Asakti evaM anurakti bar3hatI jAtI hai| kAma se mAyA evaM moha bar3hatA hai / mAyA se dambha ahaMkAra evaM pramAda bar3hatA hai| moha se Asakta ajJAnI sAdhaka vipatti Ane para dharma ke prati avajJA karate hue punaH punaH saMsAra kI ora lauda par3ate haiM / krodha evaM vaira ke kAraNa saMgharSa evaM kalaha kA vAtAvaraNa panapatA hai| eka ora ahaMkAra se krodha upajatA hai, dUsarI ora ahaMkAra ke kAraNa krodha kA vikAsa hotA hai| krodha ke abhyAsa se vyakti kA viveka naSTa ho jAtA hai / usakA jIvana darzana vidhvaMsAtmaka ho jAtA hai / usakI mAnavIyatA evaM sAmAjikatA naSTa ho jAtI hai / dhArmika cetanA evaM naitikatA bodha se vyakti meM mAnavIya bhAvanA kA vikAsa hotA hai| usakA jIvana sArthaka hotA hai| - aAja vyakti kA dharmagata AcaraNa para se vizvAsa uTha gayA hai| pahale ke vyakti kI jIvana kI nirantaratA evaM samagratA para AsthA thii| usakA yaha vizvAsa thA ki vyakti ke karma kA prabhAva usake agale janma para par3atA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA thA ki vartamAna jIvana kI hamArI sArI samasyAe~ hamAre atIta ke

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karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha ] [ 286 jIvana ke karmoM kA phala hai| vartamAna jIvana ke AcaraNa ke dvArA hamAre bhaviSya kA svarUpa nirdhArita hogA / vaha vartamAna jIvana ko sAdhana tathA bhaviSya ko sAdhya mAnakara calatA thA / punarjanma ke vizvAsa kI AdhAra bhUmi para hI 'karmoM ke phala' ke siddhAnta kA pravartana huaa| Aja ke vyakti kI dRSTi 'vartamAna' ko hI sukhI banAne para hai| vaha apane vartamAna ko adhikAdhika sukhI banAnA cAhatA hai| apanI sArI icchAoM ko isI jIvana meM tRpta kara lenA cAhatA hai / Aja kA mAnava saMzaya aura dvidhA ke caurAhe para khar3A hai| vaha sukha kI talAza meM bhaTaka rahA hai / dhana baTora rahA hai| bhautika upakaraNa jor3a rahA hai| vaha apanA makAna banAtA hai| AlIzAna imArata banAne ke svapna ko mUrtimAna karatA hai| makAna sajAtA hai| sophAseTa, vAtAnukUlita vyavasthA, ma~hage parde, prakAza-dhvani ke Adhunikatama uparakaNa evaM unake dvArA racita mohaka prabhAva / usako yaha saba acchA lagatA hai| jina logoM ko jindagI jIne ke nyUnatama sAdhana upalabdha nahIM ho pAte ve saMgharSa karate haiM / Aja ve abhAva kA kAraNa apane vigata karmoM ko na mAnakara sAmAjikavyavasthA ko mAnate haiN| samAja se apekSA rakhate haiM ki vaha unheM jindagI jIne kI sthitiyA~ muhaiyA karAve / yadi aisA nahIM ho pAtA to ve Aja hAtha para hAtha dharakara baiThane ke lie taiyAra nahIM haiN| ve sArI sAmAjika vyavasthA ko naSTabhraSTa kara dene ke lie betAba haiN| __vyakti ke cintana ko phrAyaDa evaM mArksa donoM ne prabhAvita kiyA hai / phrAyaDa ne vyakti kI pravRttiyoM evaM sAmAjika naitikatA ke bIca 'saMgharSa' evaM 'dvandva' ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| usakI dRSTi meM 'saiksa' sarvAdhika pramukha hai| isI ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se jIvana ko vizleSita evaM vivecita karane kA pariNAma 'kInse riporTa' ke rUpa meM sAmane AyA / isa riporTa ne saiksa ke mAmale meM manuSya kI manaHsthitiyoM kA vizleSaNa karake 'nArmala AdamI' ke vyavahAra ke mAnadaNDa nirdhArita kie / saMyama kI sImAyeM TUTane lgiiN| bhoga kA atireka sAmAnya vyavahAra kA paryAya bana gyaa| jinake jIvana meM yaha atireka nahIM thA unhoMne apane ko manorogI mAna liyA / saiksa-kuThAnoM ke manorogiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gyii| manovijJAna bhI cetanA ke Urdhva ArohaNa meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| prema se to saMtoSa, vizvAsa, anurAga evaM AsthA prApta hotI hai / kintu pAzcAtya jIvana ne to prema kA artha indriyoM kI nirbAdha tRpti mAna liyaa| 'prema' ko nirarthaka karAra de diyA gayA / 'vAsanA' tRpti hI jindagI kA lakSya ho gyaa| prema meM to madhurimA aura tyAga hotA hai| aba haivAniyata evaM bhoga kI bAr3ha A gyii| parivAra kI vyavasthAyeM TUTane lgiiN| ekaniSTha prema kA Adarza samApta hone lgaa|

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260 ] [ karma siddhAnta ve bhUla gae ki prema meM saundarya cetanA ke lie ekaniSThatA Avazyaka hai| manuSya ne apane ko pazu jagat se bhinna 'mAnava' banAyA thA, samAja kA nirmANa kiyA thA, kAma bhAva kA saMyamIkaraNa kiyA thA, sva patnI dvArA, kAma vAsanA kI saMtuSTi kI prakriyA dvArA brahmacarya kI sAmAjika vyavasthA kA Adarza nirmita kiyA thaa| vaha sukhI thaa| usakI jindagI meM apane prema ke Alambana ke prati vizvAsa rahatA thaa| usane isa satya ko khoja nikAlA thA ki sambhoga-sukha kI pUrNa anubhUti evaM tRpti ke lie bhI indriya-niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai| isa parivartana se kyA vyakti ko sukha prApta ho sakA hai ? parivAra ke sadasyoM meM pahale paraspara jo pyAra evaM vizvAsa panapatA thA usakI nirantara kamI hotI jA rahI hai / jo sadasya bhAvanA kI pavitra DorI se baMdhe rahate the, vaha TUTatI jA rahI hai / pahale pati-patnI kA sukha-duHkha eka hotA thaa| unakI icchAoM kI dhurI 'sva' na hokara 'parivAra' hotI thii| ve apanI vyaktigata icchAoM ko pUrA karane ke badale apane baccoM evaM parivAra ke anya sadasyoM kI icchAoM kI pUrti meM sahAyaka bananA adhika acchA samajhate the| pAzcAtya jIvana ne pahale saMyukta kuTumba praNAlI ko todd'aa| phira parivAra meM pati-patnI apane meM simaTe, baccoM ke prati apane uttaradAyitvoM kI unhoMne avahelanA kii| parivAra meM apane hI bacce begAne ho ge| baccoM kA kamarA alaga, mA~-bApa kA kamarA alaga / baccoM kI duniyA alaga, mA~-bApa kI duniyA alaga / eka hI ghara meM rahate hue bhI koI bhAvAtmaka sambandha nhiiN| baccoM meM Akroza panapA / ve vidrohI ho ge| adhika bhAvuka evaM saMvedanazIla 'hippI' bana gae / 'hippI pIr3hI' itihAsa ke pannoM para ubhara gayI / jo vyavasthA se nahIM bhAge, unhoMne jaba bar3e hokara apanA ghara basAyA to unake ghara meM unake mA~-bApa parAye ho ge| pahale pati-patnI AjIvana sAtha-sAtha rahane ke lie pratibaddha hote the| donoM kA sukha-duHkha eka hotA thaa| donoM ko vizvAsa rahatA thA ki ve AjIvana sAtha-sAtha raheMge / vivAha para koI nahIM kahatA thA ki Apa loga AjIvana sAthasAtha raheM / yaha to jIvana kA mAnA huA tathya hotA thA / AjIvana sukhI evaM sAnaMda rahane kI kAmanA kI jAtI thii| jaba manuSya ko cetanA kSaNika, saMzayapUrNa evaM tAtkAlikatA meM hI kendrita hokara raha gayI to vyakti apane svArthoM meM simaTatA gyaa| sampUrNa bhautika sukhoM ko akelA bhogane kI dizA meM vyagra manuSya ne prema ko ekaniSThatA kA Adarza bhI tor3a DAlA / Aja pati-patnI meM paraspara vizvAsa bhI TUTa rahA hai / talAkoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| duHkhoM ko akele hI bhoganA niyati ho gayI hai| 'bharI bhIr3a meM akelA' muhAvarA ho gayA hai / mAnasika rogoM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI jA rahI hai| vyakti bhautika upakaraNoM

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karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha ] [ 261 ko jor3a lene ke bAda bhI mAnasika dRSTi se prazAnta haiM / tanAvoM kA dAyarA bar3hatA jA rahA hai / ina tanAvoM ko dUra karane ke lie vyakti apane ko bhulAtA hai / madyapAna karatA hai, carasa, bhAMga kA sevana karatA hai / unase bhI jaba nazA nahIM hotA to 'ela. esa. DI.', 'hairA', 'aikIDrIna', 'vailyima', 'mainaDreksa' letA hai / inase bhI mAnasika thakAna nahIM miTatI to 'heroina' yAnI 'eca' letA hai / inhIM prakriyAoM se gujarakara aise mukAma meM pahu~ca jAtA hai jahA~ cetanA aMdherI koTharI banda ho jAtI hai, puruSArtha thaka jAtA hai / aparAdha pravRttiyoM ke zikAra mAnasika rogiyoM kI jindagI meM phira prakAza kI koI kiraNa kabhI rozanI nahIM phailAtI / kArla mArksa ne zoSaka aura zoSita - isa varga saMgharSa ko ubhArakara tathA itihAsa kI artha paraka vyAkhyA ke dvArA roTI ke prazna ko mAnavIya cetanA kA kendrabindu banAkara prasthApita kiyA / utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para kisakA adhikAra hai, utpAdana kI prakriyA meM rata logoM ke ApasI sambandha kaise haiM tathA utpAdita bhautika sampadA kA lAbha evaM usake vitaraNa kA kyA prabandha hai Adi tathyoM para mArksa tathA usakI vicAraNA se prabhAvita anya vyaktiyoM ne vicAra kiyA / mArksavAda kI vicAradhArA kA prabhAva eziyA, aphrIkA tathA laiTina amerikA ke dezoM meM rASTrIya janavAdI krAntiyoM, antarrASTrIya samAjavAdI krAnti ke saMgharSoM, vibhinna dezoM meM vyApaka grAma janavAdI morcoM ke saMgaThanoM tathA samAjavAdI dezoM meM utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para sArvajanika svAmitva kI praNAlI meM pahacAnA jA sakatA hai / sAdhanahIna athavA zoSakoM kA cintana bhI badalA hai / ve apanI jindagI kI musIbatoM kA kAraNa vyavasthA ko mAnakara samAja evaM rAjya se sAdhanoM kI mA~ga kara rahe haiM / yaha bAta bhI Aja spaSTa hai ki rAjya ke kalyANakArI kAryakramoM ke kriyAnvayana dvArA bahuta sI musIbatoM evaM kaSToM ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai / magara vyavasthA ke dvArA vyakti kI mAnasikatA ko sarvathA nahIM badalA jA sakatA / vastutaH kevala bhautika dRSTi se vicAra karanA bhI ekaigitA hai / isake atirikta pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA ko badalane mAtra se khatare samApta ho hI jAveMge - yaha bhI nizcita nahIM hai / sArvajanika svAmitva ke nAma para rAjakIya pU~jIvAda ( State Capitalism) ke sthApita ho jAne para kyA usake cAritrika svarUpa meM parivartana AtA hai ? yaha kahA jAtA hai ki pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA meM sampatti para pU~jIpati varga kA nijI svAmitva evaM niyaMtraNa rahatA hai / rAjakIya pU~jIvAda meM pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA meM hI rASTra evaM mehanatakaza vargoM ke hita meM isake upayoga kI sambhAvanAyeM paidA hotI haiM / magara prazna hai ki sarvahArA varga kI krAnti ke nAma para yadi dala ke adhikArI sattA para kabjA kara lete haiM to kyA pArTI - adhinAyakavAda ke chadmaveza meM sattA para inakI tAnAzAhI sthApita nahIM ho jAtI tathA yadi inhIM ke hAthoM

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262 ] [ karma siddhAnta meM rAjakIya svAmitva AtA hai to Age calakara usake pUjIvAdI tAnAzAhI ke svarUpa meM badalane kI sambhAvanA se kaise inkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? vAstava meM 'peTa kI bhUkha' evaM 'zarIra kI bhUkha' manuSya kI naisargika pravRttiyA~ haiN| prAkRtika jIvana meM manuSya pazuoM kI taraha AcaraNa karatA hai| apanI bhUkha ko miTAne ke lie koI niyama nahIM hote| isa vyavasthA meM zArIrika dRSTi se sabala manuSyoM ke sAmane nirbala manuSyoM ko hAni uThAnI par3atI hai / sabala manuSya nirbala ko parAjita kara bhUkha miTAtA hai / bhUkha miTAkara bhI usake jIvana meM zAnti nahIM rhtii| use anya sabala vyaktiyoM kA Dara lagA rahatA hai / chInA-jhapaTI, jhagar3A-phasAda jIvana meM bar3ha jAtA hai| inhIM se bacane ke lie manuSya ne samAja bnaayaa| zarIra kI bhUkha tathA peTa kI bhUkha kI tRpti ke lie sAmAjika niyama banAe / zarIra kI bhUkha kI tRpti ke lie 'vivAha' saMsthA kA janma huA / parivAra banA / ghara banA / nizcita huA eka puruSa kI eka patnI / usakI patnI para usakA adhikaar| usakI patnI para dUsaroM kA koI adhikAra nahIM / dUsaroM kI patniyoM para usakA koI adhikAra nhiiN| usane apanI jhopar3I banAyo / ghara bnaayaa| ghara ke cAroM ora cAra divArI bnaayii| ghara ke kSetra kI sImA nirdhArita huI / usake ghara para usakA adhikAra / usake ghara para dUsaroM kA adhikAra nhiiN| dUsaroM ke ghara para usakA koI adhikAra nhiiN| peTa kI bhUkha miTAne hetu usane jamIna sApha kI, bIjoM kA vapana kiyA, kRSi-karma kiyaa| apane kheta ke cAroM ora meMr3eM bnaayiiN| sarahadeM sthApita kii| usakI sarahada vAlI bhUmi para dUsaroM kA adhikAra nhiiN| dUsaroM ke kheta para usakA adhikAra nahIM / apanA-apanA kheta, apanI-apanI paidAvAra / anya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti hetu anya prakAra ke udyama evaM udyoga dhandhoM kA vikAsa huA, ina kSetroM meM isI prakAra kI sImA evaM samajhadArI vikasita huii| isa prakAra samAja ke astitva kI AdhArazilA paraspara samajhadArI, sImA, eka dUsare ke adhikAra kSetra meM atikramaNa na karane kA saMyama, zartoM kA paraspara sammAna evaM eka dUsare ke astitva vRtta evaM adhikAra vRtta ke prati sahiSNutA hI hai| isI samAja meM vyakti saMyama ke sAtha bhoga karatA AyA hai, apane jIvana ko behatara banAtA AyA hai| manUSya meM naisargika prakRti ke sAtha-sAtha vRttiyoM ke unnayana, pariSkAra, saMskAra kI pravRtti bhI rahatI hai| isI kAraNa vaha apane jIvana ko sAmAjika banAtA hai / sAmAjika jIvana nIti se hI sambhava hai, anIti se nhiiN| naitika AcaraNa

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karma kA sAmAjika saMdarbha ] [ 263 ke lie saMyama kI lagAma Avazyaka hai| samAja meM vyavasthA evaM svaccha vAtAvaraNa tabhI raha sakatA hai jaba usake sadasya saMyamita AcaraNa kreN| prema, karuNA, bandhutva-bhAva ke dvArA hI manuSya kA jIvana unnata evaM sAmAjika banatA hai| cetanA kA vikAsa hone para hI mAnava samAja loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA kI ora unmukha hotA hai / jaba jindagI lakSyahIna ho jAtI hai to sampUrNa jIvana meM bhaTakAva A jAtA hai / yahI bhaTakAva saMtrAsa evaM tanAva ko janma detA hai / isase mukti pAnA samasyA bana jAtI hai / jaba-jaba saMyama kI sImAyeM TUTatI haiM, jIvana evaM pariveza dUSita evaM viSAkta hone lagatA hai| paristhitiyoM para vijaya prApta karane, vaMzAnukramaNa evaM vyaktitva kA prasAra tathA Atma pariveSTana ke atikramaNa ke kAraNa manuSya akelA nahIM raha pAtA / vaha samAja banAtA hai / samAja ke astitva ke lie paraspara sahayoga, samajhadArI evaM sAjhedArI Avazyaka hai / koI bhI samAja dharma cetanA se vimukha hokara nahIM raha sktaa| dharma sampradAya nahIM / dharma pavitra anuSThAna hai| jindagI meM jo hameM dhAraNa karanA cAhie-vahI dharma hai| hameM jina naitika mUlyoM ko jindagI meM utAranA cAhie-vahI dharma hai / samAja kI vyavasthA, zAnti tathA samAja ke sadasyoM meM paraspara prema evaM vizvAsa kA bhAva jagAne ke lie dharma kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| dharma ke pAlana kA artha hI hai-zreSTha naitika karmoM ke anurUpa AcaraNa / mana kI kAmanAoM ko niyaMtrita kie binA samAja racanA sambhava nahIM hai / kAmanAoM ke niyaMtraNa kI zakti yA to dharma meM hai yA zAsana kI kaThora vyavasthA meM / dharma kA anazAsana 'AtmAnuzAsana' hotA hai| vyakti apane para svayaM niyaMtraNa karatA hai| zAsana kA niyaMtraNa hamAre Upara 'para' kA anuzAsana hotA hai / dUsaroM ke dvArA anuzAsita hone para hama vivazatA kA anubhava karate haiM, parataMtratA kA bodha karate haiM, ghuTana kI pratIti karate haiM / dharma mAnava hRdaya kI asIma kAmanAoM ko sva kI preraNA se sImita kara detA hai / dharma hamArI dRSTi ko vyApaka banAtA hai, mana meM udAratA, sahiSNutA evaM prema kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa karatA hai / abhI taka dharma evaM darzana kI vyAkhyAyeM isa dRSTi se huIM ki usase hamArA bhaviSya jIvana unnata hogA / dharma ke AcaraNa kI vartamAna vyaktigata jIvana evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI dRSTi se sArthakatA kyA hai, isako kendra banAkara cintana karane kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai tabhI karma kA sAmAjika sandarbha spaSTa ho skegaa|

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44 karma siddhAMta aura samAja-saMracanA 0 zrI raNajItasiMha kUmaTa / vartamAna samAja-saMracanA ke liye jimmedAra kauna ? kisane yaha vyavasthA kI, parivartana kaise AtA hai va kauna lAtA hai ? . isa praznAvalI kA uttara dene kA prayatna dArzanika, samAjazAstrI, itihAsajJa aura dhArmikoM ne kiyA parantu jitanA inakA adhyayana karate haiM, ulajhate jAte haiM / uttara AsAna nahIM hai / pratyeka ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se to dekhA hI parantu kaI sthAnoM para aisA AbhAsa bhI hotA hai ki ina dArzanika siddhAMtoM aura vAdoM ke pIche nihita svArtha bhI kArya karate rahe haiN| aise siddhAMta bhI pratipAdita hote rahe haiM jinase vyavasthA sthAyI banI rahe aura usameM uthalaputhala kama-se-kama ho| kabhI yaha bhI huA ki pUrNataH vaijJAnika siddhAMta ko kAlAntara meM aisA maror3a de diyA ki usakA artha ulTA ho gayA aura vaha nihita hitoM kI rakSA meM kAma aayaa| _aba isI prazna ko le leM vyakti garIba kyoM hai ? garIba ghara meM janma kyoM liyA? koI ucca kula kahalAtA, koI achUta yA nIca kula / kisI ko khAne se ajIrNa ho rahA hai, to kisI ko do vakta kA bhojana bhI nasIba nhiiN| ___ bhArata meM pracalita karma siddhAMta kahatA hai ki vyakti garIba hai kyoMki yaha usake pUrva janma ke karmoM kA phala hai| usake karmoM kI vajaha se hI vaha nIca kula meM paidA hotA hai aura duHkha pAtA hai| inhIM karmoM se samAja meM varNa-vyavasthA, jAti-prathA, garIbI-amIrI, chuAchUta Adi kI vyavasthA nirdhArita hai| ___vyakti ke jIvana meM sukha-duHkha, yaza-apayaza, dhana-pratiSThA, pAMDitya-mUrkhatA, janma-maraNa Adi karma-AdhArita haiM / vyakti para lAgU hone vAle isa siddhAnta ko pUre samAja para lAgU kara samAja kI pUrI saMracanA va vyavasthA kI bhI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai aura isako vaijJAnika bhI batAyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta pazcima ke prasiddha dArzanika mArksa kA kahanA hai ki yaha garIbI, amIrI samAja kI saMracanA kA phala hai / yadi samAja meM vyaktigata pUMjI ko ekatra karane kI chUTa hai to adhika cAlAka vyakti upalabdha jamIna, dhana va utpAdana ke sAdhanoM para Adhipatya kara leMge aura phira anya nirdhana vyaktiyoM kA zoSaNa kara apanI sattA va sAdhanoM

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karma siddhAnta aura samAja-saMracanA ] [ 265 kA poSaNa kreNge| ve aisI vyavasthA kareMge ki unakA dhana-sAdhana surakSita rahe aura jo unakI sattA ko ukhAr3ane kI koziza kareM, ve daNDa ke bhAgI bneN| na kevala rAjadaNDa balki dhArmika vyavasthA bhI aisI karAveMge ki unako koI cher3e nhiiN| aise niyama va upadeza kA pracAra hogA ki parAyA dhana naraka meM le jAne vAlA hai, ataH usa ora najara bhI na ddaaleN| isase sundara vyavasthA banI rahe aura jo jaisA jIvana jI rahe haiM, usI meM sukha mahasUsa kreN| jo vartamAna sthiti hai use pUrva karmoM kA phala mAnakara isa jIvana meM pazcAttApa kareM aura Age kA jIvana sudhArane kA prayatna kreN| isIliye mArksa ne dharma ko janatA ke liye aphIma kI saMjJA dI hai| vyakti ko phala apane karma ke anusAra milatA hai| isa vaijJAnika siddhAMta ko kauna nakAra sakatA hai ? jaisA bIja vaisA phala / jaisA karma vaisA jIvana / parantu vyakti para lAgU hone vAle siddhAMta ko binA apavAda ke pUre samAja para lAgU karake samAja kI vyavasthA banAnA aura usakI acchAiyoM yA burAiyoM ko tarkasaMgata banAnA utanA vaijJAnika nahIM hai| balki yaha siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki isa karma siddhAMta ko samAja-vyavasthA kA AdhAra banAne meM nihita svArthoM ne kArya kiyA hai aura dharma va karma ke vaijJAnika aura zuddha svarUpa ko vikRta kara vyavasthA ko sthAyI banAye rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yadi dhArmika aura dArzanika bAra-bAra yaha kaheM ki jo kucha tumheM milA yA milegA vaha karma AdhArita hai aura pUrva janma ke karmoM kA phala hai to apanI vartamAna sthiti ke bAre meM yahI samajha kara saMtoSa karegA ki usake pUrva janma ke karma kharAba haiM ataH use aisA duHkhI jIvana milA hai aura vartamAna ko kisI taraha bhogate hue agale jIvana ko sudhArane kA prayatna karanA hai| vartamAna ko kaise sudhAreM, yaha kauna batAye ? jaba amIra AdamI ke pAsa dhana-daulata hai to vaha usako apane pUrva janma ke karma kA phala mAnakara garva karatA hai ki yaha usakA purAnA gaurava hai aura usako bhoganA usakA haka hai / yadi koI use chInane kA * prayatna kare to dhArmika kahate haiM yaha pApa hai kyoMki sampatti para usakA haka pUrva janma ke karmoM ke phala se hai| vyakti kA vartamAna ke karmoM ke phala prApta kara usakA bhoga karanA eka bAta hai aura bhUta ke karmoM ke phala para binA prayatna ke bhI vartamAna amIrI meM rahanA dUsarI bAta hai / yaha amIrI aura garIbI karma AdhArita nahIM varan samAja vyavasthA para AdhArita hai| jaisI vyavasthA hogI usI AdhAra para garIbI yA amIrI hogii| ___ vyakti dhana kamAkara roTI khAve yaha vartamAna karma kA phala hai; parantu pitA kamAkara putra ke liye chor3a jAve aura putra usakA bhoga kare, yaha pUrva janma

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2e6 ] [ karma siddhAnta ke karma kA phala nahIM varan samAja-vyavasthA kA phala hai / yadi samAja vyavasthA meM yaha niyama ho ki pitA kI sampatti putra ko nahIM milegI yA koI vyakti nijI sampatti nahIM rakha sakegA to kyA koI garIba ghara aura amIra ghara ho sakatA hai ? pitA kA haka yadi putra ko milegA hI nahIM to putra ko nayA prayatna karanA hogA aura vaha hai usake karma kA phala | parantu jaba hama karma siddhAMta kI Ar3a lete haiM to vyavasthA kA poSaNa karate haiM / pitA kI sampatti putra ko mile aura vaha usakA bhoga kare, yaha samAja - vyavasthA hai na ki karma - vyavasthA / pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA meM jisake pAsa utpAdana kA sAdhana arthAt jamIna, sonA, pazu Adi kucha hai, vaha Age saMvarddhana kara sakatA hai bazarte apanI sampatti ko samhAla kara rakhe / parantu jisake pAsa koI sampatti nahIM hai use janma bhara majadUrI ke alAvA koI rAha nahIM hai / aksara kahA jAtA hai ki jo garIba haiM ve vAstava meM mehanata nahIM karate aura garIbI meM hI masta rahanA cAhate haiM / lekina adhyayana batAtA hai ki jo jitane garIba haiM utanI hI adhika kar3I mehanata va lambe samaya taka kArya karate haiM / acche pada yA sampatti vAlA vyakti mehanata kA kArya yA lambe ghaMToM taka kArya nahIM karate jabaki bhUmihIna majadUra dina bhara kArya karake bhI roTI khAne jitanA nahIM kamA pAte / dhana jor3ane kI bAta to bahuta dUra hai / dhanavAna ke putra ko dhanahIna kara garIba ke barAbara kI sthiti meM lAkara barAbara kA maukA diyA jAya aura phira jo acchI sthiti yA kamajora sthiti meM Ave to ve unake karma ke phala haiM / parantu dhanavAna aura garIba kI daur3a to barAbarI kI daur3a nahIM hai / hama kaI bAra kahate haiM ki sabake liye barAbara ke avasara haiM parantu yaha bhrama mAtra hai / jo dhanavAna putra hai use par3hane kA, pU~jI kA, bacapana meM acche lAlana-pAlana sabakA lAbha milA hai jabaki garIba ko bacapana pUrA khAnA va pahanane ko bhI nahIM milatA / ataH yaha kahanA ki garIbI yA amIrI pUrva karma kA phala hai, yaha bhrama hai / yaha vartamAna vyavasthA kA hI phala hai, ise samajhanA cAhiye / bAra-bAra jaba upadeza dete haiM ki tuma garIba ho, achUta ho yA nIca kula ke ho, kyoMki tumane pUrva janma meM karma kharAba kiye haiM to yaha unako gumarAha karanA hai / karma jIvana ko sudhArane ke kiye haiM / karma bhulAvA dene ke liye nahIM hai / yadi pUrva karma se hI saba kucha hotA hai aura isa jIvana ke karma kA phala abhI nahIM milanA hai to niSkarmaNyatA ko bar3hAvA milatA hai / phira to zAMta hokara bhoganA hI jIvana kA uddezya banatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai kI bhArata meM itanI garIbI

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karma siddhAnta aura samAja-saMracanA ] [ 297 hai parantu kahIM vidroha kA kAma nhiiN| garIboM ko dhArmikoM ne kAphI gaharI nIMda sulA diyA hai| yadi sira kabhI uThAyA bhI to rAjadaNDa aura ucca varga ke atyAcAroM ne dRr3hatApUrvaka dabA diyA hai / sadiyoM ke atyAcAra se ve mUka bana gaye haiM / cupacApa sahanA sIkha gaye haiM / karmoM ke suphala kA intajAra hai, isa jIvana meM nahIM to agale jIvana meM shii| karma siddhAMta mAnava ko sabala banAne, apane prati jAgarUka aura sakriya banAne ke liye thaa| karma kA phala use hI milegA jisane karma kiyA hai, parantu vyavasthA aisI banA dI ki karma kA phala bicauliye-zreSTha varga-chIna le gaye / hala calAyA kisAna ne aura phala khAyA jamIMdAra ne| yadi kisAna ne AvAja uThAI to piTAI ho gii| taba koI dhArmika nahIM bolaa| dhArmikoM kA lAlanapAlana to rAjA hI karate the| unako bhikSA to zreSTha gharoM se hI milatI thii| unhoMne usa piTe kisAna ko pucakArA aura marahama paTTI kI aura salAha dI "agale jIvana ko sudhaar"| karma siddhAMta kA saMbaMdha vyaktigata jIvana se hai samAja kI saMracanA se isakA sIdhA saMbaMdha nahIM hai| samAja meM bhAIcAre, sahAnubhUti aura sahRdayatA ke naye saMskAra DAlane hoNge| Aja samAja meM hRdayahInatA jagaha-jagaha dekhI jAtI hai / yaha saba mAnava mUlyoM ke khilApha hai / lekina dhana ke naze meM cUra aura unako yaha garva ki yaha dhana unake karmoM kA phala hai aura jo garIba haiM ve garIbI bhogane ke liye haiM, ye saMskAra hRdayahInatA ke kAraNa haiN| karma-siddhAMta kI Ar3a lekara dhanI varga bahuta dina sukhI nahIM raha sakatA / samAja-saMracanA kI vajaha se dhana kA yoga hai; yadi unhoMne sahRdayatA aura sahAnubhUti nahIM darzAI aura garIbIamIrI meM kAphI antara rahA to vaha dina dUra nahIM jaba vidroha kI Aga bhdd'kegii| vidroha kA AdhAra hiMsA hai| ataH usakA suphala ho mile, Avazyaka nahIM / parivartana meM ahiMsA kA AdhAra ho to samAja meM sarasatA va sahRdayatA banI raha sakatI hai| vidroha ke anantara eka sabala varga dUsare varga para sattArUr3ha ho sakatA hai; parantu ahiMsAtmaka parivartana nirdezita DhaMga se ho sakatA hai aura usameM zoSaka aura zoSita donoM mukta hote haiN| ataH samaya rahate samAja kI vyavasthA meM nirdezita parivartana, zikSA aura saMskRti ke mAdhyama se ho to nyAyavAdI aura samatAvAdI samAja kA AdhAra banAyA jA sakatA hai / gumarAha kara viSamatAoM kA poSaNa antatogatvA khataranAka sAbita ho sakatA hai|

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45 " jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" para eka TippaNI DaoN. rAjendrasvarUpa bhaTanAgara hama sabhI sunate Aye haiM ki jo jaisA karegA vaha vaisA phala pAyegA / 'jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI' / parantu hama meM se bahutoM kA yaha anubhava bhI hai, ki vyavahAra meM isa mAnyatA ke ullaMghana hI adhika milate haiM / yadi anubhava se isa mAnyatA kI puSTi nahIM hotI to ise kyoM sahI samajhA jAya ? eka uttara yaha ho sakatA hai ki yaha mAnyatA eka aisI daNDa vyavasthA kI sUcaka hai, jo taba bhI sakriya rahatI hai, jaba mAnavIya vyavasthA chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai, aura pariNAma - svarUpa sanmArga meM pravRtti ke lie isameM vizvAsa sahAyaka hai / parantu punaH zaMkA hotI hai ki yadi aisI koI daNDa vyavasthA hai to usakI puSTi kisa prakAra hotI hai ? mAnavIya vyavasthA ke chinna-bhinna hone para ' trAhi mAm, trAhi mAm' to sarvatra sunAI par3atA hai, parantu usa pukAra ko koI sunatA hai, yaha kaise nizcaya ho, jabaki anubhava isake viparIta hai / purANa tathA sAhitya ke kSetra se aise udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM jinase karma-phala kI saMgati kI yukti kA aucitya siddha ho / parantu aise sabhI udAharaNoM ke viSaya meM, vivAda ko sthiti ( aitihAsikatA kI dRSTi se) hone se, itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai, ki yaha mAnyatA mAnavIya icchA kI dyotaka hai, hama cAhate haiM, kiM aisA ho, para aisA hogA, isakI koI gAranTI nahIM / aura yadi kinhIM avasaroM para aisI saMgati mila bhI jAya taba bhI yaha siddha nahIM hogA ki yaha saMgati anivArya hai / isakI anivAryatA kevala tabhI siddha mAnI jA sakatI hai jaba usakA apavAda asambhava ho / dUsarI ora isa ukti kI vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki viparIta anubhava hone para bhI buddhi ko yaha bAta yuktiyukta lagatI hai, ki jo jaisA karegA vaha vaisA phala pAyegA / aisA kyoM ? isa sambandha meM do bhinna prakAra kI bAtoM kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai| prathama to kAryakAraNa kA siddhAnta, dUsare karttA ke sandarbha meM karma kA jIvanavRtta / yaha buddhi kI eka mAMga hai ki yadi ghaTanAeM buddhigrAhya haiM to unameM kAryakAraNa sambandha prApta honA cAhie / yadi aise saMsAra kI kalpanA kareM jisameM kucha bhI sambhava ho, kisI ghaTanA ke bAda koI bhI ghaTanA ho jAtI ho, to vahAM buddhi kI koI gati nahIM ho sakatI - aise saMsAra ke viSaya meM kisI bhI ghaTanA ke bAre meM koI yuktiyukta bAta nahIM kahI jA sakatI / bhaviSya ke viSaya meM hamArI apekSAe~ pahale to ho hI nahIM sakatIM, aura yadi hama kisI prakAra kI

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"jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" para eka TippaNI ] [ 266 kalpanA kara bhI leM, to usakI saMbhAvyatA ke bAre meM koI nizcaya sambhava nahIM hogaa| isake viparIta mAnavIya vyavahAra bar3I sImA meM isa apekSA para nirbhara hai ki ghaTanAoM meM koI paraspara sambandha hotA hai, isa sambandha ko kAryakAraNa ke rUpa meM jAnA jA sakatA hai, tathA isa prakAra ke jJAna ke AdhAra para hI karma ko sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| anya zabdoM meM, vyavasthA evaM saMgaThana kI avadhAraNA jJAna tathA karma ke lie samAna rUpa meM mahattvapUrNa haiN| kucha dArzanikoM ne isa sambandha meM yaha zaMkA uThAI hai ki kAryakAraNa kI anivAryatA kA koI bauddhika evaM prAnubhAvika AdhAra nahIM hai| ghaTanAoM ke kisI krama vizeSa ko aneka bAra dekhane para eka ghaTanA se dUsarI ghaTanA kI ora hamArA dhyAna sahasA hI calA jAtA hai, aura hama mAna baiThate haiM ki eka dUsare kA kAraNa hai / skaoNTalaiNDa ke dArzanika hya ma kA yaha mata dArzanikoM ke lie bhArI cunautI rahA hai| isa mata ko yadi mAna bhI leM, taba bhI isa bAta para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA ki viSaya grahaNa ke lie buddhi kI kiMcita mAMgoM kI pUrti Avazyaka hai| isa bahasa meM jAye binA tathA kama se kama itanA svIkAra kara lene para ki ghaTanAoM meM kisI prakAra kA krama dekhanA sambhava hai, usakA AdhAra cAhe kucha bhI ho, karma ke viSaya meM bhI yaha apekSA hotI hai ki koI bhI karma pariNAma svarUpa kisI sthiti vizeSa meM parisamApta hotA hai / isa pariNAma tathA karma kI Thosa prakriyA meM koI sambandha hotA hai| yaha upayukta sambandha honA cAhie / spaSTa hai ki isa DhAMce meM hama karma tathA pariNAma ko do alaga-alaga sthitiyoMkAraNa tathA kArya ke rUpa meM dekha rahe haiN| yahAM eka kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai aura vaha karma ke jIvanavRtta ko dUsare rUpa meM dekhane ke lie bAdhya karatI hai| pariNAma ko karma se alaga dekhane se kyA tAtparya hai ? hamane kahA ki pariNAma vaha sthiti hai jisameM karma ko parisamApti hotI hai / to kyA yaha kahanA adhika saMgata nahIM hogA ki parisamApti taka jo kucha hotA hai, vaha saba karma hai ? kisI vyakti kA icchA karanA, saMkalpa karanA, viSaya athavA sthiti vizeSa (lakSya) ke prApti ke nimitta udyama karanA, lakSya ko prApta karanA-ye sabhI avasthAe~ karma ke jIvana vatta kI vibhinna avasthAeM haiM, aura inameM antima sthiti karma ke pariNAma kI sthiti hai| isa avasthA meM karma tathA pariNAma kA bheda vastutaH karma ke antargata hI par3egA-kadAcit 'karma' ke sthAna para kevala 'prakriyA' kahanA adhika ucita hogA-prakriyA tathA pariNAma karma ke do aMga hoMge jinameM kAraNa aura kArya kA sambandha mAna skeNge| aura phira kAraNa tathA kArya kI saMgati ke sandarbha meM prakriyA tathA pariNAma kI saMgati kI carcA karanA kadAcit adhika yuktisaMgata hogaa| yahA~ prabuddha pAThaka yaha Apatti uThAyeMge ki karma phala kI saMgati, prakriyA aura pariNAma kI saMgati kI bAta nahIM hai| isa Apatti ko samajhane ke lie

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300 ] [ karma siddhAnta eka udAharaNa leM : 'ka' ne 'kha' ko cAkU se mAra ddaalaa| 'ka' pakar3A jAtA hai| use daNDa milatA hai-use AjIvana kArAvAsa diyA jAtA hai| isa sthiti meM 'cAkU mAranA' tathA 'kha kA maranA' kAraNa kArya ke rUpa meM dekhe jA sakate haiM tathA prakriyA evaM pariNAma ke rUpa bhI / 'kha kA maranA' ka ke lie usake karma kA phala nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| apitu 'ka' kA isa karma ke lie daNDa pAnA phala kahA jaaygaa| svayaM 'ka' kI dRSTi se dekheM to kadAcit vaha 'kha' ko kevala jakhmI karanA cAhatA thA, athavA. kadAcit vaha apane tIvra roSa ko vyakta karanA cAhatA thaa| aisI avasthA meM phala ke sambandha meM 'ka' kI kyA apekSA ho sakatI thI? zAyada yaha ki 'kha' usakI tAkata ko phcaane| aba 'kha' ke coTa laganA, usake . prAraNoM kA ghAta, tathA 'ka' kI tAkata kI pahacAna 'kha' ke lie, ye eka hI bAta nahIM hai, aura pariNAmasvarUpa pariNAma, kArya tathA phala bhI eka hI cIja nahIM hai| karma phala kI saMgati kI dRSTi se, yadi 'ka' nyAyika dRSTi se doSI thA, to usakA daNDa pAnA, saMgati kI puSTi ke rUpa meM dekhA jaaygaa| parantu 'ka' (mAna lIjie, vaha vivAhita hai, usake bacce haiM) kI patnI tathA baccoM ko kisa karma kA phala milA ? ve hatyAre ke parivAra ke sadasya kahalAyeMge, unake jIvana yApana para saMkaTa AyegA, baccoM ke pAlana poSaNa, zikSA-dIkSA para hAnikAraka prabhAva par3egA-ye saba unake kisa karma se jor3A jAya ? isI prakAra, jisakI hatyA huI hai, usake parivAra ke sadasyoM ke sambandha meM prazna uThatA hai| sthiti ke ye dUsare pakSa karmaphala saMgati para prazna cihna lagAte haiM / uparyukta udAharaNa se aneka ulajhanoM kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai / pariNAma, kArya athavA phala kI avadhAraNAoM kA paraspara kyA sambandha hai? phala kI bAta karate samaya hama eka silasile meM kisI eka kar3I ko kyoM cunate haiM ? isa vizleSaNa meM ghaTanAoM ko sAmAjika artha dene se kisa prakAra kI jaTilatA utpanna hotI hai ? aadi| dUsare jina avasthAoM meM phala tathA karma kI saMgati baiThatI nahIM dIkhatI vahAM kisa prakAra kI vyAkhyA santoSajanaka ho sakatI hai ? ina praznoM ke Aloka meM eka bAra karma ke jIvanavRtta para punaH dRSTi ddaaleN| hamane karma kI vibhinna avasthAoM ko nimnalikhita rUpa meM liyA : icchA, saMkalpa, udyama tathA pariNAma (lakSya kI praapti/apraapti)| vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se karma ke rUpa kA yaha bar3A sIdhA sAdA tathA spaSTa citraNa mAlUma par3atA hai| parantu yaha aparyApta vizleSaNa kA pariNAma hai, tathA kevala vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI sarala sthiti hai| yaha anAvazyaka rUpa meM sarala kyoM hai, isameM kisa prakAra kI jaTilatAe~ haiM ? inakI ora dhyAna deN| pahale to 'icchA' svayaM eka pariNAma hai| kisI karma vizeSa ko alaga karane ke prayAsa meM hI hama use kisI icchA vizeSa se jor3ate haiM / parantu usakI vizada samajha ke lie 'icchA' ko samajhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| nyAyika sandarbha meM bahudhA karma kI preraNA ke viSaya meM prazna uThAyA

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" jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" para eka TippaNI ] [ 301 / jAtA hai / yaha samajha hameM eka dUsare silasile kI ora le jAtI hai, aura hama icchA ko svabhAva, uddIpana Adi ke pariNAma athavA kArya ke rUpa meM dekhane lagate haiM / yadi aura dhyAna se vicAra kareM, to vyakti jisa samAja meM hai, jisa yuga tathA deza meM hai, tathA jisa sAMskRtika praveza meM hai, usase usakI icchA ke viSaya meM samajha bar3hatI hai isa prakAra ke sandarbha usa avasthA meM mahattvapUrNa ho jAte haiM, jaba hama icchApUrti tathA usake sAdhana para karttA ke vicAra-vimarza tathA antataH usake nizcaya para dhyAna dete haiM / isa prakAra karma kA eka prAntarika itihAsa bhI hotA hai, jo parokSa rUpa meM jAnA, samajhA jA sakatA hai / jaba udyama ke viSaya meM vicAra karate haiM to sAdhAraNatayA karttA kI zArIrika gati tathA mudrA kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai / parantu udyama kI AvazyakatA tathA paryApta avasthAnoM para vicAra kareM, to patA calegA ki bahuta kucha hama mAna kara calate haiM, to bahuta kucha aisA bhI hai jisakI ora hamArA dhyAna nahIM jAtA parantu jisake binA udyama sambhava nahIM ho sakatA / ina avasthAoM meM gurutvAkarSaNa, deza, kAla, zarIra kI svasthAsvastha avasthA, zarIra kI paripakvatA, prazikSaNa ( aupacArika, anaupacArika ), abhyAsa, sAmAjika evaM sAMskRtika vyavadhAna athavA suvidhAe~, jaisI aneka bAteM AtI haiM / mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki udyama binA eka vRhat tathA vyApaka sandarbha kA aMga bane sambhava nahIM ho sakatA / aura jaba pariNAma para dRSTipAta karate haiM, to patA calatA hai ki pariNAma ko nAma diyA jAnA usa vyakti tathA dRSTi para Azrita hai jisase tathA jisake dvArA vaha lakSita ho / isa rUpa meM pariNAma koI sarala ekika sthiti nahIM hai, apitu eka bahu AyAmoM se yukta sthiti hai jise usake kisI eka yA aneka AyAmoM ke AdhAra para nAma diyA jA sakatA hai, aura jaisA pAThaka lakSya kareMge nAma denA eka sAMskRtika prakriyA hai tathA usameM hamAre mUlya evaM AdarzoM kA samAveza hotA hai / isa atyanta saMkSipta vivecana se yaha lagatA hai ki karma ko eka sarala zRMkhalA ke rUpa meM dekhanA, aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSoM kI avahelanA hogA / vyakti ke dAyitva, karma phala ke rUpa meM use jo bhoganA par3atA hai, vyakti kI pariveza meM parivartana lAne kI sAmarthya kI sImA - ina sabhI ke viSaya meM jo aneka vivAda haiM, kadAcit unakI taha meM karma ke sambandha meM use eka sarala zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM dekhanA, tathA use eka pUre tantra ke aMga ke rUpa meM dekhanA - ye do dRSTiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| donoM kA sambandha do bhinna prakAra kI AvazyakatAoM se jur3A lagatA hai / jaba hama karma ko eka sarala zrRMkhalA ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM to hamArA lakSya vyakti ke dAyitva ko nizcita karanA hotA hai, aura samAja meM daNDa yA nyAya-vyavasthA ko surakSita rakhane ke lie Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / yahAM hamAre sAmane eka vyAvahArika samasyA hotI hai, aura hameM eka nirNaya lenA hotA haimukhya rUpa meM hamAre sAmane prazna hotA hai 'kisane kiyA ? ' isa sandarbha meM hama

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302 ] [ kama siddhAnta vyakti ko eka samartha kartA kA darjA dete haiM, aura yaha mAna kara calate haiM ki vaha cAhatA to jo usane kiyA vaha, vaha nahIM bhI kara sakatA thA, vastutaH use vaisA nahIM karanA cAhie thA, use vaisA nahIM cAhanA cAhie thaa| hama mAna lete haiM, ki jo usane kiyA usakA Arambha eka nizcita icchA athavA preraNA thI, usake pare socane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / aura itanA usake kartta tva ko nizcita karane ke lie paryApta hai, aura nizcita niyamoM ke AdhAroM para hama vyakti ko usake kie lie upayukta daNDa kA vidhAna karate haiN| dUsarI ora jaba hama karma ko 'samajhanA' cAhate haiM, jaba sambandhita karmaphala kI saMgati ke apavAda sAmane Ate haiM, taba hama vaiyaktika praNAlI ko chor3akara samaSTimUlaka praNAlI ko apanAte haiN| karma ko samajhane ke lie hama svabhAva, Adata, tAtkAlika paristhiti, vyakti kA sAMskRtika pariveza tathA aneka dUsare pahaluoM para socate haiM, jinakA pahale ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| hameM yaha yuktiyukta nahIM lagatA ki jo na kiyA ho usakA hameM phala mile tathA jo kiyA ho usakA phala nahIM mile| pariNAmasvarUpa hamane janama-janmAntara kI kalpanA kI, adRza tathA apUrva kI kalpanA ko / hameM lagA ki kisI vyavasthA ke binA to jIvana kI kalpanA hI sambhava nahIM hai, vaha vyavasthA mUlataH nyAya, aucitya, satya kI rakSA karatI hai / mAnava svayaM, (apanI parisImA ke kAraNa) kisI vyavasthA ko sthApita karane, tathA usakI rakSA karane meM asamartha rahate haiM to yaha mUla vyavasthA sakriya hotI hai tathA daivI daNDa vidhAna samAja kI sthiti tathA sthiratA kI rakSA karatA hai| parantu yahAM phira eka aura dilacaspa bindu kI ora dhyAna jAtA hai / mAnavoM ke samAja meM jo avyavasthA hai, karmaphala kI jahAM asaMgati hai, vahA~ vastutaH daivI vidhAna hI sakriya hai| hameM asaMgati isalie dikhalAI par3atI hai ki hama pUrI zRkhalA ko nahIM dekha pAte, jo pUrI zRkhalA ko dekha sakatA, jo janma-janmAntaroM meM phaile jIvana kA sArA gaNita kara sakatA, vaha yaha dekha letA ki mUlataH vyakti hI apane sAre bhUta, vartamAna tathA bhaviSya ke lie uttaradAyI hai / eka janma meM jo asaMgata lagatA hai, eka se adhika janmoM ko dekhane para, saMgati kI adRSTa kar3iyA~ spaSTa ho jAtI haiN| parantu bahuta loga janma-janmAntara tathA adRza ko bIca meM lAnA pasanda nahIM kreNge| zAyada ve kaheM ki mAnavIya sambandhoM meM, mAnava ke kriyA kalApa tathA usake pariNAmoM ke bIca kisI saMgati ko na to pAyA jA sakatA hai, aura na sthApita kiyA jA sakatA hai| phalataH karmaphala kI asaMgati koI samasyA nahIM hai parantu aisI avasthA meM koI bhI samasyA nahIM hogii| parantu samasyAe~ to haiM, ataH isa dRSTi ko chor3anA hogaa| taba usa avasthA meM karmaphala kI asaMgati ko * kaise samajhA jAya ? 'ka' kI patnI tathA bacce hatyA ke lie uttaradAyI nahIM haiM, to ve usakA daNDa kyoM bhogeM ? zAyada yahA~ kahA jAya ki yadi ve patnI aura

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"jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI" para eka TippaNI ] [ 303 bacce nahIM hote to unheM daNDa nahIM bhoganA par3atA parantu unakA patnI tathA bacce honA kyA unake apane saMkalpa kA pariNAma hai ? zAyada patnI ke lie yaha kahA jA sakatA ho, kyA baccoM ke lie bhI yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? zAyada yahAM yaha kahA jAya ki jisa samAja meM 'ka' sadasya thA usakI saMracanA meM hI ye sambandha antanihita haiM, tathA ina sambandhoM kA eka vizeSa prakAra kA honA, samAja ke sadasyoM ke lie viziSTa prakAra ke pariNAma lAtA hai| yadi aise samAja kI kalpanA kareM jisameM 'ka' ko kArAvAsa milane para patnI tathA baccoM kI dekhabhAla samAja ke anya sadasyoM para, athavA vyavasthA para Azrita hotI, to vahAM, spaSTatayA inake lie bhinna pariNAma hote| parantu hamAre samAja meM, athavA aise ho kisI samAja meM, jahAM 'ka' ke kie phala anyoM ko bhI bhugatanA par3atA hai, vahAM zAyada mAnyatA yaha hai ki bIvI-baccoM kA moha 'ka' ko usa avivekapUrNa kRtya se bacA letaa| dUsaroM ko isase sabaka lenA cAhie, aura yadi unheM apane bIvI baccoM se moha hai, to unheM aise avivekapUrNa kRtyoM se bacanA cAhie / anya zabdoM meM, yadyapi bIvI baccoM ne aisA kucha nahIM kiyA jo unheM 'ka' ke kie kA phala bhugatanA par3e, unakA eka vizeSa sAmAjika saMracanA kA aMga honA hI unakI vipatti kA kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra daivI athavA pRcchanna vyavasthA ko na jAnane para karmaphala kI saMgati hameM aprApya hotI hai, usI prakAra samAja kI saMracanA ko na samajhane ke kAraNa hama use nahIM dekha pAte, donoM hI avasthAoM meM karma tathA phala kA koI sIdhA sambandha ho, athavA ve kisI eka sarala zRkhalA kA aMga hoM, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / hamane yaha dekhA ki samAja kI aisI saMracanA kI kalpanA sambhava hai, jisameM yaha sambandha adhika nikaTa kA ho| isa sambandha meM yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jina vicArakoM ne nyAya tathA daNDa kI usa vyavasthA kI kalpanA kI hai jisameM aparAdhI kA bahiSkAra nahIM kiyA jAtA, apitu usake sAtha lagabhaga usI prakAra kA vyavahAra hotA hai jaisA rugNa vyaktiyoM ke sAtha / ve vastutaH aisI sAmAjika saMracanA ko prastuta karate haiM jisameM karmaphala ko saMgati adhika tarka saMgata rUpa meM prApta hotI hai| isa vivecana meM jina do dRSTiyoM kI bAta kI gaI hai, ve mahAbhArata ke manISiyoM ke lie alaga-alaga nahIM thiiN| zAntiparva meM isa bAta para bar3A bala diyA gayA hai ki rAjA tathA rAjya itane ghaniSTha rUpa meM sambandhita haiM ki sArI sAmAjika vyavasthA isa sambandha kA pratibimba hai| rAjA ke kartavyanirvAha ke abhAva meM na kevala sArI vyavasthA ho chinna-bhinna ho jAtI hai, apitu prAkRtika ghaTanAe~ bhI aniyamita ho jAtI haiN| varSA, Rtue~ mAnava jIvana meM ghaniSTha rUpa se sambandhita haiM / jIvana kalyANamaya ho tathA samRddha dizA le isake sAtha RtuoM kA sahayoga athavA unakI anukUlatA bhI Avazyaka hai / aisA lagatA hai ki samasta carAcara jagat kI eka akhaNDa kalpanA tathA usake AdhAra meM eka nyAyika

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304 ] [ karma siddhAnta vyavasthA mAnavIya samAja evaM vyApAra kI samajha meM AdhArabhUta sthAna rakhatI hai| rAjA kA kartavya na kevala daNDa nIti dvArA duSToM ko daNDa dekara maryAdA ko sthApita karanA, apitu sabhI vargoM ke trivarga kI rakSA karanA bhI thaa| pUrvApekSA yaha lagatI hai ki sabhI sadasya apanA-apanA karttavya zAstravihita rUpa meM nahIM nibhAyeMge, tathA eka dUsare ke dharma kSetroM meM hastakSepa kareMge to aisI avyavasthA janma legI jisameM koI vyakti dharma, artha, kAma kI siddhi nahIM kara skegaa| vyakti kA kalyANa tathA eka nizcita sAmAjika saMracanA paraspara itane ghaniSTha rUpa meM sambandhita haiM ki eka ke binA dUsare kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| pRthvI para rAjA tathA paraloka meM devatA isa saMracanA kI rakSA karate haiM / yaha kalpanA bar3I mohaka hai, parantu phira yahI prazna uThatA hai ki kisI bhI samaya samAja meM vighaTana Arambha hI kaise huA? yahAM mahAbhArata kA sandarbha dekara hamArA uddezya mahAbhArata ke manISiyoM ke vicAroM kI mImAMsA nahIM hai, apitu kevala isa ora dhyAna AkarSita karanA hai ki karmaphala kI saMgati kA prazna sAmAjika saMracanA ke prazna se jur3A huA hai / niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki karmaphala kI saMgati ke viSaya meM hameM asantoSa isalie hotA hai ki hama prathama to karma ko eka aisI sarala zRkhalA ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM jo eka nizcita Adi tathA anta rakhatI hai, dUsare isa zRMkhalA ko hama eka anya zRkhalA arthAt kAraNa-kArya kI zRMkhalA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM le lete haiM jahA~ hama do ghaTanAoM meM sIdhe eka nizcita saMbaMdha mAna baiThate haiM / donoM hI apekSAeM anucita haiM / kArya tathA phala eka hI cIja nahIM hai, dUsare karma kI AvazyakatA tathA paryApta avasthAe~ hameM karma ko eka jaTila vyavasthA ke aMga ke rUpa meM dekhane ke lie bAdhya karatI haiN| jisa kArya kA sambandha vartamAna se ho, jisake binA kiye kisI prakAra na raha sakeM, jisake sampAdana ke sAdhana upalabdha hoM, jisase kisI kA ahita na ho, aise sabhI kArya prAvazyaka kArya haiN| Avazyaka kArya ko pUrA na karane se aura anAvazyaka kArya kA tyAga na karane se kartA uddezya-pUrti meM saphala nahIM hotaa| ataH mAnava mAtra ko anAvazyaka kArya kA tyAga aura Avazyaka kArya kA sampAdana karanA anivArya hai|

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46 karma siddhAnta : eka TippaNI DaoN0 zAntA mahatAnI prAyaH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki acche karma kA phala acchA hotA hai aura bure karma kA phala burA / yahAM prazna utpanna hotA hai ki 'acchA' kyA hai aura 'burA' kyA hai ? ina padoM ko paribhASita karanA atyanta kaThina hai kyoMki 'acchA' aura ' burA' ina padoM ko paribhASita karate samaya hama unheM kucha paristhitiyoM yA vastuoM yA mAnasika avasthAoM se jor3ate haiM itanA hI nahIM kucha vyaktiyoM ke liye eka hI paristhiti acchI ho sakatI hai to anyoM ke liye burI / na kevala yahI balki yaha bhI sahI hai ki paristhiti jo eka samaya vizeSa meM acchI kahI gayI, vahI anya samaya meM burI kahI jAtI hai / isI prakAra jaba hama saMsAra meM dekhate haiM to pAte haiM ki kucha vyakti durAcArI aura beImAna hote hue bhI sukhI jIvana bitAte haiM to dUsarI ora sadAcArI aura ImAnadAra vyakti duHkhI dekhe jAte haiM | jaba ina visaMgatiyoM ke bAre meM prazna uThAyA jAtA hai to unakI yaha kahakara vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai ki ye apane pichale janmoM kA phala bhoga rahe haiM aura isa jIvana meM jo karma kara rahe haiM, unakA phala agale jIvana meM bhogeMge / 'karma' pada kI vyAkhyA ke liye isa zabda ke anya prayogoM para vicAra kIjiye / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM isa kathana ko leM - 'karama gati TAre nAhiM Tare' / isa kathana meM prayukta 'karma' pada para jaba hama vicAra karate haiM to pAte haiM ki yahAM 'karma' pada kA vaha artha nahIM hai jo Upara ke udAharaNa se lakSita hotA hai / yahA~ 'bhAgya' ke artha meM 'karma' pada ko samajhA jA rahA hai / lekina bhAgya bhI to karma ke anusAra nirdhArita hotA hai / eka aura anya artha para vicAra kIjiye / 'vaha apane karmoM kA phala bhoga rahA hai|' isa kathana meM vyakti ke isI jIvana meM karmoM ke AdhAra para prApta phaloM kI bAta kahI jA rahI hai / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM koI garIba lar3akA mehanatamajadUrI karake zikSA prApta karatA hai aura apanI yogyatA ke AdhAra para acchI naukarI pA jAtA hai to hama kahate haiM yaha usake karmoM kA phala hai / isI prakAra agara koI vyakti nirantara zarAba pIne ke kAraNa apanA svAsthya kharAba kara letA hai to bhI hama isI prakAra kI bAta kahate haiM / uparyukta sabhI udAharaNoM meM karma ke dvArA kucha vyavahAroM kI vyAkhyA

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306 ] [ karma siddhAnta kI jA rahI hai aura 'karma' pada kA prayoga vibhinna arthoM meM kiyA jA rahA hai / ataH karma ke svarUpa aura usase sambandhita kucha praznoM kI dArzanika vyAkhyA prastuta karanA vAMchanIya hai| cArvAka darzana ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika taMtra kisI na kisI rUpa meM karma ke pratyaya ko svIkAra karate haiN| karma ko bandhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM evaM mukti ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| karma ke bAre meM vibhinna mAnyatAe~ haiM jinake AdhAra para karma ke kAraNa aura sAdhana rUpa para prakAza par3atA hai| eka mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka karma kA koI na koI pariNAma avazya hotA hai (yA honA caahiye)| isa mAnyatA (yA vAstavikatA ?) kA AdhAra hai kAraNa aura kArya niyama kI saarvbhaumiktaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, kAraNa aura kArya meM sArvabhaumika sambandha hai| isI kAraNa aura kArya ke niyama ke AdhAra para karma aura phala ke bIca sambandha kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| aura kahA jAtA hai ki agara hama isa niyama ki 'karma hogA to phala avazya milegA' ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge to kAraNa-kArya niyama kI sArvabhaumikatA ko bhI asvIkAra karanA pdd'egaa| agara hama thor3A vicAra kareM to jJAta hogA ki karmavAdI mAtra itanA hI nahIM kaha rahA hai ki kAraNa aura kArya ke bIca kA sambandha bhautika ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA taka sImita hai varan vaha isa niyama ko naitika ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye bhI kaha rahA hai| aisA karate samaya usakA yaha dAvA hai ki karma kA jaise prAkRtika pariNAma hotA hai, usI prakAra naitika pariNAma bhI hotA hai| dekhA jAya to karmavAdI kI ruci isI meM hI hotI hai / karma cAhe vyaktigata rUpa se kiyA jAya yA sAmUhika rUpa se, usakA naitika pariNAma avazya hotA hai| isIlie karmavAdI kahatA hai ki acche karma kA acchA aura bure kA burA pariNAma hotA hai| karma ke naitika pariNAma ke bAre meM sabhI karmavAdI eka mata nahIM haiN| naitika pariNAma mAnane vAle vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki karma se eka zakti utpanna hotI hai jo jIva meM surakSita rahatI hai aura bAda meM naitika pariNAma utpanna karatI hai| ye vicAraka kisI vyakti ke haije se marane yA per3a se girakara haDDI ke TUTane jaisI ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA bhI vyakti dvArA pichale janma meM kiye gaye azubha karmoM ke AdhAra para karate haiN| isa dRSTi se dekheM to jJAta hotA hai ki karmavAdI na to karma ke prAkRtika kAraNoM meM ruci rakhatA hai aura na prAkRtika pariNAma meN| usake anusAra kisI ghaTanA kA prAkRtika kAraNa vAstavika kAraNa nahIM hotA, vAstavika kAraNa hotA hai pichale karma se utpanna zakti jo jIva meM pariNAma utpatti taka rahatI hai| prAkRtika kAraNa usake lie gauNahote haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM haije se maranA yA per3a se girakara maranA, pichale karma (usake dvArA kisI vyakti kI hatyA) kA pariNAma kahA jaayegaa|

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karma siddhAnta : eka TippaNI ] [ 307 'karma kI zakti' ke svarUpa ke bAre meM tathA usake nirdezana ke bAre meM vibhinna bhAratIya dArzanika taMtroM ke mata alaga-alaga haiM jinakI saMkSepa meM carcA karanA sambhava nahIM / yahAM kevala do vivAdAspada bindugroM, jina para carcA kI jAnI cAhiye, ko iMgita kiyA jAtA hai - ( 1 ) kyA cetana sattA ke atirikta kisI anya arthAt karma meM zakti raha sakatI hai ? tathA ( 2 ) kyA naitika mUlyoM aura prAkRtika guNoM ko samAna stara kA mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ina praznoM ko uThAne kA AdhAra yaha hai ki 'honA cAhiye' aura 'hai' do alaga-alaga koTiyAM haiN| eka ko dUsare meM ghaTita karane meM tArkika kaThinAI utpanna hotI hai / kucha darzana- sampradAya karma siddhAnta ke sAtha Izvara ke pratyaya ko bhI jor3ate haiM / ina dArzanikoM kA mata hai ki Izvara kucha bhI kara sakatA hai kyoMki vaha sarvajJa hai aura sarvazaktizAlI hai / lekina kyA ucita aura anucita, zubha aura azubha, acchA yA burA kyA hai, ise bhI Izvara taya karatA hai ? lekina hama dekhate haiM naitika niyama sArvabhaumika nahIM hote aura cUMki naitika niyama prAkRtika niyama jaise nahIM haiM ataH Izvara ke niyamoM ke jJAna kI sambhAvanA saMdehAspada hai / ina AlocanAoM se bacane kA eka hI mArga hai aura vaha hai ki Izvara ko naitika niyamoM kA srota na mAnakara mAnava yA mAnava-samAja ko hI naitikatA kA srota mAnA jAya / karma se sambandhita uparyukta vizleSaNa se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki karmavAda kI eka mAnyatA to yaha hai ki pratyeka karma kA usake anusAra phala milatA hai, dUsarI mAnyatA hai ki punarjanma hotA hai aura tIsarI mAnyatA ( kucha darzanoM ke anusAra) yaha hai ki Izvara kI sattA hai aura vaha ina sabakA niyaMtraNa karatA hai / lekina isake sAtha-sAtha hamane yaha bhI dekhA hai ki aisA mAnane para kucha vaicArika kaThinAiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM / ina kaThinAiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie eka sujhAva prastuta kiyA ki agara naitika vidhAna ko mAnavIya vidhAna mAna liyA jAya to ye kaThinAiyA~ dUra kI jA sakatI haiM / isa prakAra kI vicAradhArA ke pakSa meM hameM bahuta se tarka mila sakate haiM / pratyeka vyakti apane karma ke bAre meM jAnatA hai, ata: vaha apane karma ke lie uttaradAyI bhI hai / ataH use karmoM ke lie puraskAra aura daNDa diyA jA sakatA hai / lekina isa mata ke viruddha bhI aneka kaThinAiyA~ upasthita kI jA sakatI haiM kyoMki vibhinna kAloM aura samAjoM meM naitikatA ke stara yA acche aura bure kI paribhASA bhinna-bhinna rahI hai, ataH hama koI sArvakAlika aura sArvabhaumika niyama nahIM banA pAyeMge / naitika niyama nirapavAda evaM nirapekSa honA cAhiye /

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gItikA sevA prAtmA kA vistAra 0 DaoN0 narendra bhAnAvata jaga meM haiM jitane bhI prANI, una sabake mana aura bhAva hai| jaisA maiM sukha-duHkha anubhavatA, vaisA hI unakA svabhAva hai| . unake sukha-duHkha meM sahabhAgI banakara karUM sabhI ko pyAra / sevA AtmA kA vistAra / / 1 / / bhUkhoM ko bhojana nasIba ho, tRSitajanoM ko nirmala pAnI / rogI ko auSadha mila jAye, bhItajanoM ko nirbhaya vANI / / jo jar3atA meM macchita-bandhita, khola unake cetana dvAra / sevA prAtmA kA vistAra // 2 // sevA saudA nahIM, hRdaya / kA sahaja umar3atA amita sneha hai| jo isameM ramatA usake hita, sArI vasudhA parama geha hai| sevA kA sukha zAzvata, svAzrita, usameM kiMcit nahIM vikAra / sevA AtmA kA vistAra // 3 // sevA se saba mala gala jAte, nayI zakti nava teja nikhrtaa| Atma-guNoM kA siMcana hotA, duHkha-daradoM kA jAla vidaratA / sevA se banate paramAtama, durlabha nara jIvana kA sAra / sevA AtmA kA vistAra // 4 // 000

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tRtIya khaNDa karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna

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/ karma aura Adhunika vijJAna prAcArya anantaprasAda jaina 'karma' kA jo rUpa aura AtmA ke sAtha sambandha ke prArUpa jo jaina siddhAnta ne sthApita kie haiM, ve atyanta Adhunika vijJAnamaya haiM / jaina karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna meM koI vibheda nahIM hai-sivA isake ki eka jIva-prAtmA-zarIradhArI se sambandhita hai to dUsarA prAyogika, rAsAyanika aura bhautika prabhAvoM ke samIkaraNoM se saMyukta hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne jIva-jIvana aura AtmA sambandhita risarca (anusaMdhAna) to bahuta kiyA aura kara rahA hai para abhI taka kisI vizeSa natIje para nahIM pahuMca pAyA hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne hajAroM varSa pahale, tapasyA (gaMbhIra cintana) dvArA jIvana ke viSaya meM jo upalabdhiyA~ prApta kI ve vaijJAnika tathyoM aura prayogoM dvArA akATya evaM pUrNataH samarthita pAI jAtI haiN| yadi vaijJAnikoM ne thor3A bhI jaina karma siddhAnta kA adhyayana kiyA hotA yA karate to eka mahAna saphalatA ko upalabdhi unake khojoM aura anusaMdhAna (risarca) meM huI hotI parantu aphasosa yahI hai ki vaijJAnika dharma siddhAnta ko bakavAsa mAnate haiM aura dharmAdhikArI loga vijJAna ko dhrmdvessii| yadi donoM milakara kAma kareM to saMsAra kI kitanI hI visaMgatiyoM aura samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM kaThinAI nahIM raha jAya / vizeSakara jaina karma siddhAnta to parama vaijJAnika hai / isa ora prAdhunika vaijJAnikoM tathA vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita karane ke lie kucha aise sAhitya ke sRjana kI parama AvazyakatA hai jisase aise logoM meM isa viSaya meM dilacaspI utpanna ho ske| vijJAna kA ilekTrana, proTana, nyUTrana, pojITrana Adi hamAre jaina karma siddhAnta ke "pudgala parama paramANu" hI haiM / tIrthaMkaroM ne inheM jIva-jIvana aura AtmA se saMbaMdhita prabhAvoM ko vyakta kiyaa| ve to mAnava kI zreSThatA, usake duHkhoM kA nivAraNa, zAzvata AnaMda aura mokSa prApti kI dizA meM hI mAnasika anusaMdhAna (tapasyA yA gaMbhIra ciMtana) dvArA upalabdha tathyoM ko prakAza meM lAne meM lage rhe| unhoMne bhautika yA sAMsArika sabhI kUcha duHkhamaya pAkara tyAga karane kA hI upadeza diyaa| bhautika saMsAra vijJAna meM itanA adhika unnati kara gayA hai-para kyA sabhI sukhI ho sake haiM ? bhautika samRddhiyA~ aura jIvana ke AyAma kAphI bar3ha gae haiN| phira bhI mAnava asaMtuSTa aura dukhI hI pAyA jAtA hai / bhogavilAsa se kSaNika sukha hI hotA hai| zAzvata sukha to tIrthaMkaroM ke batalAe mArga

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312 ] [ karma siddhAnta para calakara hI mila sakatA hai / tIthaMkaroM ne bhI sAdhAraNa mAnava kI bhAMti janma liyA aura apanI sAdhanA aura samyak ciMtana aura AcaraNa dvArA mahAmAnava -bhagavAna bana ge| vijJAna to Ajakala mahAnAza-pralaya kA agradUta bana gayA hai / vikasita kucha bar3e dezoM ne aise astrazastroM kA nirmANa kara liyA hai aura karate jA rahe haiM jinase saMsAra yA pRthvI Tukar3e-Tukar3e hokara samApta kI jA sakatI haiM / sarvajJa tIrthaMkaroM kA karma-siddhAnta isake ThIka viparIta deza aura saMsAra meM tathA kisI bhI samAja meM sukha-zAnti kI sthAyI sthApanA kara sakatA hai| jaina karma siddhAnta kI kucha pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM jinameM mukhya hai AtmA aura pudgala ke sambandha kI vizada, vidhivata, pUrNa vaijJAnika vyaakhyaa| sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ke sAtha anAdikAlIna rUpa se AtmA ke sAtha pudgala (maTara) nirmita zarIra hai| zarIra halana-calana kArya yA karma kA mAdhyama hai aura AtmA cetanA, jJAna aura anubhUti kA mAdhyama / binA AtmA ke sabhI pudgala zarIra niSkriya aura bejAna jar3a haiN| kisI zarIra meM jaba taka AtmA vidyamAna rahatI hai vaha zarIra karma karatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra jaise bijalI kI hara prakAra kI mshiineN| bijalI kI mazIna yA taMtra taraha-taraha ke vibhinna banAvaToMvAle hote haiM para binA bijalI ke kucha bhI kAma nahIM kara skte| usI prakAra sabhI AdamiyoM aura jIvadhAriyoM ke zarIroM kA nirmANa-banAvaTa bhinna-bhinna hotI hai para ve sabhI apane zarIroM meM AtmA rahane para hI kAma karate haiN| AtmA ke nahIM rahane para ve murdA-niSkriya hote haiN| AtmA sabhI meM samAna hai para banAvaTa vibhinna hone se unake kArya alaga-alaga hote haiM jaise bijalI ke yantroM ke / ___ jaina karma siddhAnta ke anusAra kisI jIvadhArI ke sthUla zarIra ke atirikta "kArmaNa zarIra" aura "tejasa" zarIra bhI hotA hai| ina donoM ko hama nahIM dekha skte| inake nirmANa karane vAle pudgala paramANu aura unake saMgha itane sUkSma hote haiM ki dekhanA saMbhava nahIM hotaa| inameM kArmaNa zarIra sabameM pramukha hai| yahI mAnava yA kisI bhI jIvadhArI ke kAryakalApoM kA preraka niyaMtA yA kartAdhartA hai| hamArA zarIra anekAneka rAsAyanika dravyoM ke sammelana se banA huA hai| ye rAsAyanika padArtha, sabhI ke sabhI, pudgala nirmita hote haiN| Upara kahA jA cukA hai ki Adhunika vijJAna ke ilekTrana, proTana, nyUTrana, pojITrana Adi jaina siddhAnta meM varNita "pudgala" haiM / cU~ki "eTama" ko hindI meM paramANu kI saMjJA dI gaI hai-isalie ilekTrana Adi ko maiMne "parama paramANu" kahA hai| ye hI parama paramANu "pudgala" haiN| pudgala parama paramANu hI Apasa meM mila-milAkara paramANu (eTama) banAte haiM aura ye eTama (pudgala paramANu) milakara aNu (maulIkyUla) banAte haiN| jinake milane se-saMghabaddha hone se,

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karma aura Adhunika vijJAna ] [ 313 Thosa, tarala aura gaisa banate haiM / zarIra ke bhItara anekAneka prakAra ke ye pudgala piNDa yA rAsAyanika saMgaThana haiN| inameM sarvadA kucha na kucha parivartana hotA rahatA hai / sArA vAyumaMDala pudgala paramANuoM se bharA huA hai / vizva kI haraeka vastu, haraeka aNu-paramANu sarvadA kaMpana-prakaMpana yukta haiM jisase haraeka vastu se pudgaloM kA ajasra pravAha hotA rahatA hai| hama bhojana, pAna karate haiM jinase bhItara rAsAyanika prakriyAe~ hotI rahatI haiM aura zarIra ke bhItara hara samaya nae pudgala piNDa banate rahate haiM aura purAnoM meM kucha parivartana hotA rahatA hai| inhIM pudgala piNDoM ke bIja rUpa pudgala paramANuoM se kArmaNa zarIra kA nirmANa hone se usameM bhI parivartana hote rahate haiM / bAhara se anaMtAnaMta pudgala paramANu vibhinna saMgaThanoM meM Ate rahate haiM aura bhItara se nikalate rahate haiM / aura ApasI kriyA-prakriyA dvArA prAMtarika pudgalapiNDoM meM athavA rAsAyanika saMgaThanoM meM parivartana hote rahate haiN| kucha kSaNika, kucha adhika samaya taka rahane vAle kucha kAphI sthAyI prakAra ke nae-purAne saMgaThana banate-bigar3ate rahate haiN| jo pudgala paramAraNu zarIra ke aMtargata pudgala piNDoM se milakara - saMghabaddha hokara yA rAsAyanika kriyA dvArA sthAyI parivartana kara dete haiM unheM jaina sAhitya meM "Asrava' nAma diyA gayA hai| rAsAyanika kriyA dvArA saMghabaddhatA ho jAne para usa kriyA ko "baMdha" kahate haiN| ye parivartana yathAnurUpa "kArmaNa zarIra" meM bhI hote rahate haiN| mAnava jo kucha bhI karatA, kahatA yA vicAratA hai ve sabhI kisI na kisI pudgala piNDa dvArA hI paricAlita, prerita yA prabhAvita hote haiN| yaha "karma prakRti" kahI jAtI hai| inakA vizada para saMkSipta vivaraNa do pustakoM se prApta ho sakatA hai / ye haiM-hindI meM-"jIvana rahasya evaM karma rahasya" tathA aMgrejI meM "misTrIja praoNpha lAipha eNDa iTarnala blisa 1 inheM dekheM / karma siddhAnta jaina vAGamaya meM bar3e hI vizAla rUpa meM varNita hai yadi pudgala paramANuoM kA AnA-jAnA aura prAMtarika pudgala piMDoM se saMghabaddha hokara "baMdhAdi" karanA samajha meM A jAya to phira parama vaijJAnika jaina karma siddhAnta samajhane meM koI kaThinAI nahIM ho aura taba jJAna zrutajJAna na rahakara vaijJAnika samyak jJAna ho jAya / yaha "baMdha" hI bhAgya hai| jo Asravita pudgala baMdha banAte haiM unheM karma pudgala yA saMkSepa meM "karma" kahate haiM aura ye karma pudgala kArmaNa zarIra se rAsAyanika kriyA dvArA pratibandhita ho jAte haiM / yaha baMdhana-pratibaMdhana sarvadA calatA rahatA hai| "karmoM" meM bhI parivartana hotA rahatA hai| hamAre yahA~ ATha prakAra ke "karma-baMdha' kahe gae haiM / jo AtmA ke ATha guNoM ko AcchAdita yA maryAdita kara dete haiM / karma 1. pustakeM milane kA patA :-tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRti kendra samiti, uttarapradeza, pArasa sadana, Arya nagara, lakhanaU, pina : 226 001 jIvana rahasya evaM karma rahasya-malya ru0 3.50 misTrIja oNpha lAipha eNDa iTarnala blisa-mUlya ru0 7.50

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314 ] [ karma siddhAnta pudgaloM kA prasrava hamAre zArIrika, mAnasika, vAcika halana calana dvArA hotA hai / srava ke anya kaI kAraNa jaina zAstroM meM varNita haiM / Asravita pudgala kAma, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi " kaSAyoM" aura burI bhAvanAoM dvArA "baMdha" meM pariNata ho jAte haiM / ye baMdha kucha kSaNika, kucha ardha sthAyI aura kucha sthAyI hote haiM / ye sabhI kucha, rAsAyanika paddhati dvArA, zarIra se karma karAne kI vyavasthA karate haiM / acche karma piNDa acchA karma aura bure karma piNDa burA karma prabhAvita karate haiM / AtmA svayaM kucha nahIM karatA vaha to zuddha, buddha, jJAnamaya hai / parantu usakI upasthiti meM hI karma hote haiM anyathA to zarIra nirjIva acetana, jar3a hI hai / hama jo kucha bhI karate haiM - dekhate - sunate haiM sabhI kucha pudgala nirmitapudgalamaya hote haiM / inheM jaina vAGgamaya meM "vyavahAra" kahA gayA haiM / " nizcaya" to kevalamAtra AtmA yA AtmA meM lIna ho jAnA hI haiM / ekAgratA se eka hI prakAra kA karmAsrava hotA hai / AtmA meM dhyAna lagAne se cintA, mAyA, moha Adi se nirlipta hone se karma pudgaloM kA Agamana aura baMdha ekadama ruka jAtA hai / itanA hI nahIM pudgala piNDoM meM se pudgala paramANu niHsRta hote haiN| unase karmoM kI " nirjarA" bhI hotI hai / jisase AtmA kI zuddhatA, karmoM yA karma pudgaloM se chuTakArA milane se bar3hatI hai / anaMtakAlika paraMparA se cale Ate kauTumbika athavA sAmAjika pracalanoM meM phaMse loga "ajJAna" meM hI par3e rahakara sacce jJAna aura sacce dharma kI zikSA kI prApti nahIM kara pAte haiM / isake lie sabhI ko SaTdravya, saptatattva, navapadArtha - jaisA jaina siddhAnta meM varNita hai, usakI jAnakArI zrAvazyaka hai / para jaina siddhAntoM kA tIvra virodha svArthI logoM ne itanA phailA rakhA hai ki inakA jJAna virale logoM ko hI ho pAtA hai / jaina samAja bhI ina tattvoM kA pracAra-prasAra ucita rIti se nahIM karatA, isase saMsAra avyavasthA, anIti aura anAcAra evaM duHkhoM se bharA huA hai / sarala bhASA meM sarala zabdAvalI lie yadi jainadarzana aura siddhAnta kI pustakeM likhakara saste dAmoM meM pracArita kI jAeM to saMsAra kA bar3A bhalA ho / abhI to hamAre zrImaMta, paMDita, aura guru muni logoM kA dhyAna idhara gayA hI nahIM to kyA ho ? jaina samAja ko jaina tattvoM ke pracAra-prasAra para maMdira nirmANa se adhika kharca karanA cAhie / isI se sabakA saccA bhalA hogA / jaina maMdiroM aura saMsthAnoM meM to rupayA bahuta ikaTThA hai para usa dhana kA sadupayoga nahIM ho pAtA / prati varSa mUrti pratiSThA, kalyANaka mahotsava Adi samArohoM para lAkhoM rupayA ikaTThA hotA hai, para kyA ina rupayoM kA eka phIsadI bhI tattva - jJAna ke pracAra-prasAra meM kharca hogA ? yadi yaha dhana IMTa, patthara, maMdira, mUrti tathA imAratoM meM na lagAkara pracAra meM ucita rIti se kharca kiyA jAya to samAja, deza, vizva aura mAnavatA kA kitanA bhalA ho ! Jain Educationa International * For Personal and Private Use Only

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48 karma siddhAnta aura prAdhanika vijJAna zrI azokakumAra saksenA vijJAna ko jar3a se cetana karane kA zreya prAcArya jagadIzacandra basu ko hai, jinhoMne sarvaprathama yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki sArI prakRti jIvana se spaMdita hotI hai aura tathAkathita 'acetana' tathA 'cetana' meM sImArekhA vyartha hai| isI prakAra AinsTAina ne yaha prakriyA prArambha kI jisake AdhAra para Adhunika vijJAna 'vastu' aura 'vicAra' ko eka sAtha dekha sakane meM samartha ho skaa| jisa prakAra pRthak-pRthak binduoM kI koI AkRti nahIM hotI hai parantu ve milakara koI citra banA sakate haiM, usI prakAra pAramANavika avayava-proTAna, ilekTrAna, nyUTrAna, mejAna, kvArka-svayaM 'vastu' na hokara kevala 'vicAra' haiM, kintu ve milakara koI vastu arthAt paramANu banA sakate haiN| isI prakAra kA eka vicAra hai 'koTona' jo prakAza kA 'nirmANa' karatA hai aura vaijJAnika polI kA vicAra hai'nyUTrino', jo ki Thosa dravya se ekadama anAsakta bhAva se gujara jAtA hai / isake atirikta AinsTAina kI sabhI brahmANDikiyA~ eka mAnyatA ke adhIna parikalpita kI jAtI haiM, jise brahmANDikIya siddhAnta kahate haiM, jisakA artha hai ki brahmANDa sarvatra ausatana eka jaisA hai arthAt dravya aura gati kA vitaraNa pUre brahmANDa meM ausatana vaisA hI hai jaisA usake kisI bhAga-udAharaNArtha hamArI nIhArikA-AkAzagaMgA-mandAkinI meN| isa mAnyatA ke pIche 'gaNitIya saundaryabodha' ke atirikta aura koI AdhAra nahIM hai aura isa prakAra AinsTAina ke sUtroM ke AdhAra para vibhinna brahmANDikiyA~ vaise hI prastuta kI jAne lagI jaise karma-siddhAnta ke AdhAra para jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya Adi darzana / prakRti kI lIlA samajhane ke liye mAnava ke pAsa gaNita hI 'eka bharosA, eka bala' hai, parantu gaNitIya niSkarSa nirAkAra brahma kI taraha hote haiM / unake sAkAra rUpa kI upAsanA prayogazAlA ke mandira meM hotI hai aura injIniyarI tathA praudyogikI apanA kAma nikAlane ke lie siddhi-prApti kA prayAsa haiN| isI prakAra parama tattva ko samajhane ke lie karma-siddhAnta eka vAstavika saca hai, jisameM svayaM AtmA nirAkAra brahma hai aura mokSa yA kaivalya yA siddhi-prApti ke sAdhana haiM- bhakti, karma, jJAna va yoga / saMsAra kI sabhI ghaTanAe~, jIvoM kI sabhI ceSTAe~, yahA~ taka ki svayaM yaha

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316 ] [ karma siddhAnta jagat, karma kI hI gati kA phala hai / devatA loga bhI karma ke bandhanoM se pare nahIM haiN| avatAra lene para bhagavAna bhI karma ke gaticakra meM ghUmane lagate haiN| karma kI gati bar3I vicitra hai| isake Adi-anta ko jAnanA sarala nahIM hai| saca hI kahA gayA hai-'gahanA karmaNo gti'| vizva meM vyApta viSamatA kA ekamAtra kAraNa prANiyoM dvArA kiye gaye apane karma haiM / 'karmajam lokavaicitrya', arthAt vizva kI yaha vicitratA karmajanya hai, karma ke kAraNa hai| __"karama pradhAna vizva kari rAkhA, jo jasa karahi so tasi phala cAkhA" ' -yahI karma siddhAnta hai, jise vedAnta, gItA, jaina, bauddha, nyAya, vaizeSika, mImAMsA, sAMkhya, yoga, advaita, kAzmIrIya zaiva, vaiSNava, bhedAbheda, viziSTAdvaita, dvaitAdvaita, dvata, zuddhAta-sabhI darzana svIkAra karate haiN| vibhinna dArzanikoM ke mantavyoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki karma kriyA yA vRtti yA pravRtti yA dravyakarma hai, jisake mUla meM rAga aura dveSa rahate haiM- 'rAgo ya doso viya kammabIya' / hamArA pratyeka acchA yA burA kArya saMskAra, dharma-adharma, karmAzaya, anuzaya yA bhAvakarma chor3a jAtA hai| saMskAra se pravRtti aura pravRtti se saMskAra kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| isI kA nAma saMsAra hai, jisake cakra meM par3e hue prANI karma, mAyA, ajJAna, avidyA, prakRti, vAsanA yA mithyAtva se saMlipta haiM, jinake kAraNa ve saMsAra ke vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhane meM asamartha haiM, ataH prANI ke pratyeka kArya rAga dvaSa ke abhiniveza haiN| isalie prANiyoM kA pratyeka kArya prAtmA para AvaraNa kA hI kAraNa hotA hai| parantu sattva-rajasa-tamo-rUpA triguNAtmikA avidyA triguNAtIta AtmA se pRthaka hai| jIva aura karma ke sambandha kA pravAha anAdi hai| karma-pravAha ke anAditva ko aura mukta jIva ke saMsAra meM na lauTane ko sabhI pratiSThita darzana mAnate haiN| AtmA hI karma kA kartA aura usake phala kA bhoktA hai--"ya kartA karma bhedAnAm bhoktA phalasya ca" yadyapi jIva aura paudgalika karma donoM eka dUsare kA nimitta pAkara pariNamana karate haiM tathApi AtmA apane bhAvoM kA hI kartA hai, pudgala karmakRta samasta bhAvoM kA kartA nahIM hai| gItA meM spaSTa kahA hai-"nAdatte kasyacitta pApaM na caiva sukRtaM vibhu", arthAt paramezvara na to kisI ke pApa ko letA hai aura na puNya ko, yAnI prANImAtra ko apane karmAnusAra sukha-duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN| karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiM / 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' (mahAbhArata, zAntiparva) arthAt prANI karma se ba~dhatA hai aura karma kI paramparA anAdi hai| aisI paristhiti meM 'buddhi karmAnusAriNI'

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karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna ] [ 317 / / arthAt karma ke anusAra prANI kI buddhi hotI hai ' yAdRzI bhAvanA yasya siddhirbhavati tAdRzI' arthAt acche Azaya se kiyA gayA kArya puNya aura bure abhiprAya se kiyA gayA kArya pApa kA nimitta hotA hai isaliye sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajhate haiM ki amuka kAma na karane se apane ko pApa-puNya kA lepa na lagegA, isase ve usa kAma ko to chor3a dete haiM, para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chUTatI, isase ve icchA rahane para bhI pApa-puNya ke bandha se apane ko mukta nahIM kara sakate / saccI nirlepatA mAnasika kSobha ke tyAga meM hai / anAsakta kArya se hI mokSa prApta hotA hai / isIliye "karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana' ( gItA), arthAt karma karanA apanA adhikAra hai, phala pAnA nahIM / parama puruSArtha yA mokSa pAne ke tIna sAdhana haiM- - zraddhA yA bhakti yA samyag darzana, jJAna yA samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra arthAt karma aura yoga / manonigraha, indriya-jaya Adi sAtvika karma hI karma mArga hai aura citta-zuddhi hetu kI jAne vAlI satpravRtti hI yoga mArga hai / karmamArga aura yogamArga donoM hI karma - siddhAnta ke abhinna aMga haiM / " cArlsa DArvina kA jaiva-vikAsavAda jisa prakAra se saralatama se jaTilatama jIva kI utpatti batalAtA hai, usI prakAra karma siddhAnta bhI jIva yA AtmA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko karma ke AdhAra para mAnatA hai aura karmAnusAra jIva ko vibhinna yoniyoM meM se hokara janma-janmAMtara gujaranA par3atA hai / jIva moha ke pragAr3hatama parade ko haTAtA huA uttarottara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI parimApaka rekhAoM yA guNasthAnoM yA citta bhUmikAoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM meM se hokara gujaratA hai ( pAtaMjala yoga darzana, yogavAsiSTha, zrI devendrasUrikRta karmavipAka ) aura jaba ajJAna rUpI hRdaya-graMthiyA~ vinaSTa ho jAtI haiM tabhI mokSa yA kaivalya prApta hotA hai ( ziva gItA) / yahI AtmA ke vikAsa kI parAkASThA hai / yahI paramAtma bhAva kA abheda hai / yahI brahmabhAva hai / yahI jIva kA ziva honA hai, yahI pUrNa Ananda hai / tapasyA ke kAraNa puNya ke udaya hone se tattvakI prApti jIvita avasthA meM yadi kisI jIva ko ho jAye, to usake jJAna ke prabhAva se usakI vAsanA naSTa ho jAtI hai, kriyamANa yA prArabdha karma kA nAza ho jAtA hai evaM saMcita karma bhI zaktihIna ho jAte haiM / yahI jIvana-2 -mukta kI avasthA hai, jisake pazcAt carama pada kI prApti hotI hai / ataH parama pada ke jijJAsu ko anAsakta hokara karma ko karate rahanA cAhiye, kyoki karma aura bhakti ke binA jJAna kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI aura jJAna kI prApti se hI parama pada kI prApti hotI hai / mokSa kahIM bAhara se nahIM AtA / vaha AtmA kI samagra zaktiyoM kA paripUrNa vyakta honA mAtra hai / sabhI nivartakavAdiyoM kA sAmAnya lakSaNa yahI hai ki kisI prakAra se karmoM kI jar3a naSTa karanA aura aisI sthiti pAnA ki jahAM se phira janmacakra meM AnA na par3e, kyoMki punarjanma aura paraloka

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318 ] [ karma siddhAnta kA kAraNa karma hai / jIva karmoM ke prAvaraNa ko puruSArtha dvArA haTAtA hai / siddha jIva kI vikasita dazA hai / vaijJAnika klAina kI brahmANDikI gocara brahmANDa ko eka parimita vyavasthA - parAnIhArikA (maiTAgaileksI ) kA sadasya mAnatI hai / isa parAnIhArikA meM pahale dravya aura pratidravya donoM upasthita the / pratidravya ko saMkSepa meM yoM samajhiye ki paramANu ke jo do sau se Upara jJAta avayava haiM unameM se kucha ke 'virodhI' avayava prayogazAlA meM pahacAna lie gae haiM, to yadi samasta avayavoM ke virodhI zravayava hoM aura ve Apasa meM mila bhI sakeM to 'pratiparamANu' bana sakatA hai aura phira bhAge pratidravya kA bhI astitva sambhava hai / yadi pratidravya hai to vaha dravya ke sAtha nahIM raha sakatA - paraspara saMyoga hote hI ve eka-dUsare ko samApta kara deMge aura isa prakriyA meM akalpanIya UrjA kI sRSTi hogI - parantu pratidravya akele banA raha sakatA hai, jaise ki dravya akele banA raha sakatA hai / pratidravya kI banI huI eka duniyA bhI ho sakatI hai / usa duniyA meM kyA ho sakatA hai, isa carcA ke apane-alaga maje haiM aura 'prativizva' para vaijJAnikoM kA koI ekAdhikAra bhI nahIM hai / udAharaNa ke liye kRSNa-lIlA kI udAttatA siddha karane ke lie kucha vaiSNava dArzanikoM ne 'goloka' kI kalpanA prativizva ke rUpa meM hI kI hai, jisakA vizeSa lAbha yaha hai ki parakIyA prema jo isa loka meM adhama kRtya hai, usa loka meM uttama kRtya ho jAtA hai / bhAratIya darzana meM satyaloka, brahmaloka, tapaloka, maharloka, bhuvarloka, pitRloka, devaloka, candraloka, sUryaloka Adi kI kalpanA prativizva ke rUpa meM hI hai / isI prakAra anantakoTi brahmANDa svarUpa isa vizva meM eka-eka brahmANDa meM anantAnanta jIva haiM / brahmANDa kI anekatA aura anantatA aba vaijJAnika bhI svIkRta kara cuke haiN| kailiphorniyA vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara DAkTara heja hAbera ne dUsarI duniyA meM jIvana ke bAre meM eka anokhA siddhAnta peza kiyA hai, jisake anusAra jarUrI nahIM ki jahAM bhI vikasita sabhyatA athavA vikAsazIla jIvana ho, vahAM pAnI aura AksIjana ho hI / zukragraha jaise gaisIya vAtAvaraNa yukta grahoM ke AkAza meM bhI jIvana usI taraha panapa sakatA hai, jaise pRthvI ke Upara mahAsAgaroM meM panapA / pRthvI ke jIvadhAriyoM ke zarIra meM bhale hI kArbanayaugikoM kA bAhulya hai, magara anya grahoM kA jIvana bilakula bhinna tattvoM se banA ho sakatA hai / jina grahoM para sarasarI taura se jIvana nahIM dikhAI detA, vahAM bhI 'bhUmigata' jIvana ho sakatA hai / ho sakatA hai Ae dina hama jo ur3anataztariyA~ vagairaha pRthvI para dekhate haiM, ve hamAre 'par3osa' se AI hoM aura pRthvI se AksIjana, jala tathA anya Avazyaka padArtha ekatra karake vApisa calI jAtI hoM / isa silasile meM vaijJAnika pRthvI aura zukra ke bIca, pRthvI aura

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karma siddhAnta aura prAdhunika vijJAna ] [ 316 maMgala ke bIca tathA maMgala se kucha pIche taka ke antarikSa meM "tairate antarikSa nagaroM" kI sambhAvanA ko bhI gambhIratA se le rahe haiM, arthAt brahmANDoM meM ananta jIvana hai / anaMtAnanta jIvoM meM eka-eka jIva ke anaMtAnanta janmoM meM eka-eka janma meM anaMtAnanta karma haiN| __samasta vizva eka hI 'zakti' aura 'zaktimAna' kA ullasita rUpa hai / sabhI cinmaya haiN| parama ziva sarvathA svataMtra hokara binA kisI kI sahAyatA se, kevala apanI hI 'zakti' se, sRSTi ko lIlA ke lie udbhASita karate haiM aura lIlA kA saMvaraNa bhI kara lete haiM / vastutaH yahIM Akara sAdhaka ko "ekamevAdvitIyaM neha nAnAsti kiMcana" tathA "sarvaM khalvida brahma" kA vAstavika anubhava hotA hai / 'mAyA' yA 'karma' brahmazakti, brahmAzrita hai, para 'brahma' satya hai, parantu vicAradRSTi se mAyA yA karma 'sadasadvilakSaNa' hai, kintu mAyA yA karma ko svIkAra kara usako brahmamayI, nityA aura satyasvarUpA mAnane se 'brahma' aura 'mAyA' yA 'karma' kI ekarasatA ho jAtI hai, yaha ekarasatA mAyA yA karma ko tyAga kara yA tuccha samajhakara nahIM balki usako apanI hI zakti samajhane meM hai, kyoMki mUla prakRti 'avyakta' hai / karma kI gati anAdi hai, avidyA anAdi hai| avidyA yA karma tathA jIva kA sambandha bhI anAdi hai, parantu ye karmagati, avidyA yA karma sambandha, anitya haiN| inakA nAza yadyapi pariNAma ke dvArA hI hotA hai tathApi nAza ke lie bhI sRSTi kA honA Avazyaka hai| avyakta rUpa ke rahane se sRSTi nahIM ho sakatI to phira sRSTi hotI kaise hai ? vAstava meM 'kArya' vastutaH 'kAraNa' meM vartamAna hai, arthAt kAraNa vyApAra ke pUrva 'kArya' kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa meM rahatA hai| kArya kI utpatti aura nAza kA artha 'usa viSaya kI sattA kA honA yA na honA' nahIM hai / kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti kA artha hai-'avyakta se vyakta honA' tathA kArya ke nAza kA artha hai-'vyakta se avyakta honaa|' yaha bhI eka prakAra kA pariNAma hai, jisake kAraNa avyakta mUlA prakRti meM avyakta rUpa meM vartamAna vastu vyakta ho jAtI hai, arthAt na kisI ko 'utpatti' aura na kisI kA nAza hotA hai; kevala svarUpa meM parivartana hotA hai, vastu meM nahIM; yAnI samasta vizvarUpa kArya mUla prakRti rUpa kAraNa meM avyaktAvasthA meM vartamAna rahatA hai| bhautika vijJAna ke anusAra jagat meM kisI bhI padArtha kA nAza nahIM hotA, rUpAntara mAtra hotA hai| vijJAna zakti ke saMrakSaNa-siddhAnta meM, padArtha kI anazvaratA ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karatA hai| jaba jagata ke jar3a padArthoM kI yaha sthiti hai, taba inhIM ke abhinna-nimitta-upAdAna kAraNa cetana Atmatattva kI anazvaratA saimutika nyAya se sutarAM satya honI cAhiye / . zrI aravinda dvArA cetanA ke vibhinna staroM kI parikalpanA ke sAtha-sAtha

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320 ] [ karma siddhAnta 'ati-mAnava' kA sRSTi-vikAsa tathA bhUtala para devatva ke svayaM AvirbhAva kI uccatama parikalpanA bhArata ke prAcIna manISiyoM ke siddhAnta se nirAlI hai| mUlataH yaha parikalpanA DArvina ke vikAsavAda kI zreSThatama AdhyAtmika pariNati hai| vizva meM pratyeka kArya kI pratikriyA hotI hai, jisase prakRti meM kArya zakti kA santulana banA rahatA hai| usI prakAra karma eka kriyA hai aura phala usakI pratikriyA hai, ataH jo bhale yA bure karma hamane kiye haiM, unakA acchA yA burA phala hameM bhugatanA pdd'egaa| svAmI vivekAnanda ne karma-siddhAnta kI vaijJAnika vivecanA kI hai| unakA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra pratyeka kriyA jo hama karate haiM, hamAre pAsa punaH vApisa AtI hai pratikriyA ke rUpa meM; usI prakAra hamAre kArya dUsare manuSyoM para pratikriyA kara sakate haiM aura anya manupya ke kArya hamAre Upara pratikiyA kara sakate haiN| samasta mastiSka jo ki samAna pravRtti rakhate haiM, ve samAna vicAra se prabhAvita hote haiM / yadyapi mastiSka para vicAroM kA yaha prabhAva dUrI Adi anya kAraNoM para nirbhara karatA hai, tathApi mastiSka sadaiva abhigrahaNa ke lie khulA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra dUrastha brahmANDakIya piNDoM se Ane vAlI prakAza taraMgeM pRthvI taka Ane meM karor3oM prakAza varSa le letI haiM, usI prakAra vicAra-taraMge bhI kaI sau varSoM taka saMcarita hotI huI spandana karatI rahatI haiM jaba taka ki ve kisI abhigrAhI taka na pahu~ca jaayeN| isaliye, bahuta kucha sambhava hai ki hamArA vAtAvaraNa isa prakAra ke acche tathA bure vicAra-spandanoM ke kampanoM se otaprota ho / jaba taka ki koI mastiSka-abhigrAhI grahaNa nahIM kara letA hai taba taka pratyeka mastiSka se nikalA huA vicAra spandana karatA rahatA hai aura mastiSka jo ki inako grahaNa karane ke lie khulA huA hai, tatkAla ina vicAra-spandanoM meM se kucha ko abhigRhIta kara letA hai, ataH eka manuSya jaba koI burA kArya karatA hai, to usakA mastiSka vAtAvaraNa meM vyApta burI vicAradhArAoM ke spandanoM ko lagAtAra grahaNa karatA rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki burA kArya karane vAlA satata bure kArya hI karate rahane meM tatpara rahatA hai| yahI bAta acche kArya karane vAle para bhI lAgU hotI hai / - hamAre sabhI kArya-acche yA bure-donoM eka-dUsare se jur3e huye haiN| unake bIca hama koI sImA-rekhA nahIM khIMca skte| aisA koI bhI kArya nahIM hai jo eka hI samaya meM acchA tathA burA phala na rakhatA ho| . jo acchA kArya karane vAlA yaha jAnatA hai ki acche karma meM bhI kucha-na

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karma siddhAnta aura Adhunika vijJAna ] [ 321 kucha burAI hai aura burAiyoM ke madhya jo dekhatA hai ki kahIM na kahIM para kucha acchAI bhI hai, vahI karma ke rahasya ko jAnatA hai / isaliye hama kitanI bhI koziza kyoM na karaleM, koI bhI kArya pUrNatayA zuddha yA azuddha nahIM ho sakatA / dUsaroM ke prati lagAtAra acche kArya karane ke jariye hama apane ko bhUlane kA prayAsa karate haiM / yaha apane ko bhUlanA hI vaha bahuta bar3A sabaka hai jo hameM apanI jindagI meM sIkhanA cAhiye / apane ko bhUlane kI yaha avasthA hI jJAna, bhakti aura karma kA apUrva saMyoga hai, jahAM para "maiM" nahIM rahatA / isa janma meM dekhI jAne vAlI saba vilakSaNatAyeM na vartamAna janma kI kRti hI kA pariNAma hai, na mAtA-pitA ke kevala saMskAra kA hI, aura na kevala paristhiti kA hI / isaliye AtmA ke astitva ko garbha ke Arambha samaya se aura bhI pUrva mAnanA par3atA hai, jisase aneka pUrva janma kI paramparA siddha hotI hai, kyoMki aparimita jJAna-zakti eka janma ke abhyAsa kA phala nahIM ho sakatI / isa prakAra AtmA anAdi hai aura isa anAdi tattva kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA / gItA meM saca hI kahA hai y na jAyate mriyate va kadAcinnAya bhUtvA bhavitA na bhUyaH / ajo nityaM zAzvatoyaM purANo, na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre // aura "nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH " - isa siddhAnta ko sabhI dArzanika va aba Adhunika vaijJAnika mAnate haiM / punarjanma kA mUla kAraNa vibhinna prakAra ke zubhAzubha karma hI ho sakate haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa prANimAtra ko tAratamya yA vaiSamya se janma se mRtyuparyanta sukha-duHkha bhogane par3ate haiM / pUrvajanma ke saMskAra mana meM rahate haiM / una saMskAroM ko udbhAsita karane vAlA deza, kAla, avasthA, paristhiti Adi koI bhI padArtha jaise hI sAmane AtA hai, saMskAra udbhAsita ho jAte haiM aura prANI ko pUrva janma ke abhyAsa se usa kArya meM pravRtta kara dete haiM / prAdhyApaka haksale kA kathana hai ki vikAsavAda ke siddhAnta kI taraha dehAntaravAda siddhAnta bhI vAstavika hai / kulakramAgata saMkramaNa ke pravaktAmAnavIya AtmA ke astitva para vizvAsa nahIM krte| unake matAnusAra apane vaMzajoM meM koSAraNugata saMkramaNa kI prakriyA dvArA manuSya amara bana sakatA hai / yadi yaha sahI hai to AinsTAina yA gA~dhI ke vaMzajoM ko hama AinsTAina yA gA~dhI ke samAna hI kyoM nahIM dekhate ? isalie pUrNatA prApta karane ke saMdarbha meM vikAsavAda kA siddhAnta punarjanma aura karma siddhAnta kI prakriyA dvArA saMtoSajanaka aura apekSAkRta uttama tarIke se samajhA jA sakatA hai /

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322 ] [ karma siddhAnta __ jIvana ke kaNa-kaNa aura kSaNa-kSaNa ke sAtha karma-sUtra avicchinna rUpa se jur3A huA hai, "na hi kazcit kSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRta" (gItA) arthAt koI bhI kSaNabhara ke lie bhI binA kucha karma kiye nahIM rahatA, "ege AyA" AtmA apane mUla-svabhAva kI dRSTi se eka hai| yaha nizcita-nizcala vicAra hai ki AtmA va paramAtmA, jIva tathA brahma ke bIca antara DAlane vAlA tattva 'karma hI to hai| jIva-sRSTi kA samUcA cakra 'karma' kI dhurI para hI ghUma rahA hai| karma-sampRkta jIva hI AtmA hai, aura karma-vimukta jIva hI brahma athavA paramAtmA hai| karmavAda kA divya sandeza hai ki tuma apane jIvana ke nirmAtA aura apane bhAgya-vidhAtA svayaM ho| saMkSepa meM karma-siddhAnta AdhyAtmika cintana aura vikAsa kA prabala kAraNa hone ke sAtha loka jIvana meM samabhAva kA Alambana karane kI sIkha detA hai| jaisA puruSArtha hogA, vaisA hI bhAgya bnegaa| pratyeka prAtmA karma se mukta hokara sat-citta-Ananda svarUpa ko prApta karane meM samartha hai| 000 dUhA dharama rA zrI satyanArAyaNa goyanakA sadA juddha karatI ravai, levai bairayA jIta / baraNa vIra purusArathI, yA saMtA rI rIta // 1 // yo hi saMta ro juddha hai, yo hi parAkrama ghora / kAma krodha ara moha sU, rAkhai mukhar3o mor3a / / 2 / / rAga dveSa abhimAna rA, bairi bar3A balavAna / kuNa jANe kada sira caDhe, pIr3ita kara de prANa / / 3 / / saMta sadA jAgrata ravai, karai na raMca pramAda / / bhava-bhaya-baMdhana kATa kara, cakhai mukti ko svAda / / 4 // antaramanaH raNa kheta maMha, bairI bheLA hoya / eka eka nai katala kara, saMta vijetA hoya / / 5 / / satata jUjhato hI ravai, saMta deha parayanta / hanana karai arigaNa sakala, huha jAvai arahanta / / 6 / / .

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46 karma siddhAnta : vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM DaoN. mahAvIrasiMha muDiyA __ jaina darzana ke anusAra pratyeka saMsArI prAtmA karmoM se baddha hai| yaha karma bandha AtmA kA kisI amuka samaya meM nahIM huA, apitu anAdi kAla se hai / jaise khAna se sonA zuddha nahIM nikalatA, apitu aneka azuddhiyoM se yukta nikalatA hai, vaise hI saMsArI AtmAe~ bhI karma bandhanoM se jakar3I huI haiN| . ___sAmAnya rUpa se jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karma kahalAtA hai| prANI jaise karma karatA hai, vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| karma ke anusAra phala ko bhoganA niyati kA krama hai / paraloka mAnane vAle darzanoM ke anusAra manuSya. dvArA karma kiye jAne ke uparAnta ve karma, jIva ke sAtha apanA saMskAra chor3a jAte haiM / ye saMskAra hI bhaviSya meM prANI ko apane pUrvakRta karma ke anusAra phala dete haiM / pUrva kRta karma ke saMskAra acche karma kA acchA phala evaM bure karma kA burA phala dete haiM / pUrvakRta karma apanA jo saMskAra chor3a jAte haiM, aura una saMskAroM dvArA jo pravRtti hotI hai, usameM mUla kAraNa rAga aura dvaSa hotA hai| kisI bhI karma kI pravRtti rAga yA dveSa ke abhAva meM asambhAvita hotI hai / ataH saMskAra dvArA pravRtti evaM pravRtti dvArA saMskAra kI paramparA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai / yaha paramparA hI saMsAra kahalAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra karma saMskAra mAtra hI nahIM hai, apitu eka vastubhUta padArtha hai jise kArmaNa jAti ke dalika yA pudgala mAnA gayA hai / ve dalika rAgI dveSI jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha dUdha-pAnI kI taraha mila jAte haiM / yadyapi ye dalika bhautika haiM, tathApi jIva ke karma arthAt kriyA dvArA AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha ekameka ho jAte haiN| karmabandha va karmamuktiH jaina karmavAda meM karmopArjana ke do mukhya kAraNa mAne gaye haiM-yoga aura kaSAya / zarIra, vANI aura mana ke sAmAnya vyApAra ko jaina paribhASA meM 'yoga' kahate haiM / jaba prANI apane mana, vacana athavA tana se kisI prakAra kI pravRtti karatA hai taba usake AsapAsa rahe hue karma yogya paramANuoM kA AkarSaNa hotA hai / isa prakriyA kA nAma prAsrava hai / kaSAya ke kAraNa karma paramANuoM kA AtmA se mila jAnA baMdha kahalAtA hai / karmaphala kA prArambha hI karma kA udaya

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324 ] [ karma siddhAnta hai| jyoM-jyoM karmoM kA udaya hotA jAtA hai, tyoM-tyoM karma AtmA se alaga hote jAte haiM / isI prakriyA kA nAma nirjarA hai / jaba AtmA se samasta karma alaga ho jAte haiM taba usakI jo avasthA hotI hai, use mokSa kahate haiN| vaijJAnika pRSThabhUmi para karma siddhAnta : yaha sampUrNa brahmANDa vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgoM (Electromagnetic Waves) se ThIka usI prakAra bharA par3A hai jisa prakAra sampUrNa lokAkAza kArmaNa vargaNA rUpa pudgala paramANuoM se bharA huA hai / ye taraMgeM prakAza ke vega se lokAkAza ke eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza kI ora gamana karatI rahatI haiM / ina taraMgoM kI kampana zakti bahuta adhika, yahA~ taka ki X-Rays kI kampana zakti (1013 se 1717 kilo sAikila prati saikaNDa) se karor3oM gunI jyAdA hotI hai / taraMgoM kI AvRtti (frequency), n, tathA prakAza ke vega (c) meM nimna sambandha hai-(=taraMga kI lambAI)=Wavelength c=nd aba eka khAsa AvRtti (frequency) kI vidyuta cumbakIya taraMgoM ko eka prAptaka dvArA pakar3ane ke lie usameM eka aise daulitra (oscillator) kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha unhIM AvRtti para kArya kara rahA ho / isa vidyutIya sAmyAvasthA (Electrical resonance) ke siddhAnta se ve AkAza meM vyApta taraMgeM, prAptaka (Receiver) dvArA AsAnI se grahaNa karalI jAtA hai| ___ThIka yahI ghaTanA AtmA meM kArmaNa-skandhoM ke AkarSita hone meM hotI hai / vicAroM yA bhAvoM ke anusAra mana, vANI yA zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA AtmA ke pradezoM meM kampana utpanna hote haiM jise pahale 'yoga' kahA gayA hai / arthAt yoga zakti se AtmA meM pUrva se upasthita karma rUpa pudgala paramANunoM (jo AtmA ke pradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAhI hokara pUrva se pravartamAna the) meM kampana hotA hai| ina kampanoM kI AvRtti kI nyUnAdhikatA, kaSAyoM kI RjutA yA ghanI saMklezatA ke anusAra hotI hai / zubha yA azubha pariNAmoM se vibhinna taraMga lambAiyoM kI taraMgeM AtmA ke pradezoM se utpanna hotI rahatI haiM aura isa prakAra kI kampana kriyA se ise eka daulitra (oscillator) kI bhAMti mAna sakate haiM, jo lokAkAza meM upasthita unhIM taraMga lambAI ke lie sAmya (tunned yA resonance) samajhA jA sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM bhAva karmoM ke mAdhyama se, ThIka usI prakAra kI taraMgeM AtmA ke pradezoM se eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha sthApita kara letI haiM, aura AtmA apane svabhAva guNa ke kAraNa vikRta kara nayI-nayI taraMgeM puna: AtmA meM utpanna karatI hai / isa taraha yaha svacAlita daulitra (self oscillated oscillator) kI bhAMti vyavahAra kara nayI-nayI taraMgoM ko hamezA khIMcatA rahatA hai / karmavAda meM yaha Asrava kahA gayA hai|

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karma-siddhAnta : vaijJAnika pariprekSya meM ] [ 325 ye pudgala paramANu Atma-pradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAhI sambandha sthApita hI karate haiM na ki ve donoM eka-dUsare meM parivartita ho jAte haiM / aise sambandha ke bAvajUda bhI jIva, jIva rahatA hai aura pudgala ke paramANu, paramANu rUpa meM hI rahate haiM / donoM apane bhautika guNoM (Fundamental properties) ko eka samaya ke lie bhI nahIM chor3ate / yaha karmabandha hai| yadi AtmA ke pradezoM meM paramANuoM kI kampana-prakriyA DhIlI par3ane lage, jo ki yogoM kI saralatA se hI sambhava ho sakatI hai, to bAhara se usI anupAta meM kArmaNa paramANu kama Ae~ge arthAt AkarSaNa kriyA hI na hogI, arthAt saMvara honA zurU hogaa| jaba naI taraMgoM ke mAdhyama se pudgala paramANuoM kA AnA banda ho jAtA hai to pahale se baiThe hue kArmaNa paramANu avamaMdita dolana . (Damped oscillation) karake nikalate raheMge / arthAt pratikSaNa nirjarA hogI aura eka samaya aisA AyegA jaba prAptaka daulitra (oscillator) kArya karanA banda kara degaa| nirvikalpatA kI usa sthiti meM yogoM kI pravRtti eka dama / banda ho jAyagI aura saMcita karma zeSa na rahane para phira pradezoM kI kampana-kriyA kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA, arthAt karmoM kI nirjarA ho jaayegii| sampUrNa karmoM kI nijIrNAvasthA hI mokSa kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra taraMga siddhAnta (wave theory) ke vidyutIya sAmyAvasthA (Electrical resonance) kI ghaTanA se prAsrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa bhalIbhAMti samajhA jA sakatA hai / TailIpaithI vicAra karate samaya mastiSka meM vidyuta utpanna hotI hai / isa vicArazakti kI parIkSA karane ke lie perisa ke prasiddha DaoN0 veraDuka ne eka yantra taiyAra kiyA / eka kAMca ke pAtra meM suI ke sadRza eka mahIna tAra lagAyA gayA aura mana ko ekAgra karake thor3I dera taka vicAra-zakti kA prabhAva usa para DAlane se suI hilane lagatI hai / yadi icchA zakti nirbala ho to usameM kucha bhI halacala nahIM hotii| vicAra zakti kI gati bijalI se bhI tIvra hai-lagabhaga tIna lAkha kilomITara prati saikaNDa / jisa prakAra yantroM dvArA vidyuta taraMgoM kA prasAraNa aura grahaNa hotA hai aura reDiyo, TelIphona, TeliprinTara, Telivijana Adi vidyuta. ko manuSya ke lie upayogI va lAbhaprada sAdhana banAte haiM, isI prakAra vicAravidyuta kI laharoM kA bhI eka vizeSa prakriyA se prasAraNa aura grahaNa hotA hai / isa prakriyA ko TailIpaithI kahA jAtA hai| TailIpaithI ke prayoga se hajAroM mIla dUrastha vyakti bhI vicAroM kA AdAna-pradAna va preSaNa-grahaNa kara sakate haiN| bhaviSya meM yahI TailIpaithI kI prakriyA sarala aura sugama ho janasAdhAraNa ke lie . bhI mahAn lAbhadAyaka siddha hogI, aisI pUrI sambhAvanA hai||

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50 jaina karma siddhAnta aura vijJAna : pArasparika abhigama Jain Educationa International jaina karma siddhAnta ko samajhane ke lie "AtmA" ke svarUpa ko samajhanA zrAvazyaka hai aura isake vaijJAnika vivecana ke lie AtmA athavA jIva ke sambandha meM vaijJAnika dhAraNA kyA hai, donoM dhAraNAoM meM koI antara hai yA mUlataH eka hI haiM, isake lie vaijJAnika itihAsa kA avalokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM vaijJAnika padArthoM ke guNa, svabhAva, zabda, prakAza, vidyuta ityAdi ke anusaMdhAna meM lage rhe| mAnava ke jIvana evaM Atma svabhAva - jJAna, rAga, dveSa, bhAvanA ityAdi praznoM kI ora unakA dhyAna na thA / prAcIna vaijJAnikoM meM se adhikatara jJAna ko bhautika mastiSka se utpanna huA mAnate the / unake vicAra meM AtmA pudgala se pRthak koI vastu na thI / sarvaprathama vaijJAnika TeMDala ne baTalara pAdarI ke AtmA ke samarthana meM kahA ki pudgala cetanA rahita jJAna zUnya jar3a padArtha hai aura AtmA cetanA yukta jJAnamayI tattva hai aura kyoMki yaha asambhava hai ki eka hI padArtha kA svabhAva jar3a va acetana ho aura sAtha-sAtha usakA svabhAva jJAnamayI va cetana bhI ho / 'tattvArtha sUtra' meM "upayogo jIva lakSaNam" likhA gayA hai jisakA artha hai ki jAnane kI kriyA, yaha jIva kA lakSaNa hai / jJAna, AtmA kA eka nija guNa hai jo kabhI bhI kisI hAlata meM AtmA se vilaga nahIM ho sakatA / jar3a padArtha indriyoM dvArA grahaNa bhI kiye jA sakate haiM aura samajhe bhI jA sakate haiM / magara AtmA ati sUkSma vastu hai / vaha indriyoM se grAhya nahIM hai / kahA bhI hai- "noiMdiyaggejbha amutti bhAvA / " bhautika vijJAna . ke prophesara bAlaphora sTIvarTa, sara Alivara lAja, prophesara maisarsa ityAdi ne kevala AtmA ke astitva tathA nityatA ko hI svIkAra nahIM kiyA balki paraloka ke astitva ko bhI mAnA / suprasiddha vaijJAnika DaoN0 jagadIzacandra basu ke anusaMdhAna ne to yaha saba kucha vanaspati saMsAra ke lie bhI siddha kara diyA hai / eka vaijJAnika siddhAnta hai ki tattva na hI vinAzazIla hai aura na hI utpAdya hai / yadyapi bAhya rUpa meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / isa siddhAnta ko AtmA para lAgU kareM to AtmA na kabhI utpanna huA hai aura na kabhI isakA vinAza hogA arthAt ajara-amara hai, kevala isake bAhya avasthA meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai / AtmA ke bAhya avasthA ke parivartana ke kAraNa kA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie manovaijJAnika bhI jJAta aura ajJAta mana ke siddhAnta ko lekara isa dizA meM prayAsa kara rahe haiM / DaoN. jagadIzarAya jaina For Personal and Private Use Only

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jaina karma siddhAnta aura vijJAna: pArasparika abhigama ] -- [ 327 AtmA ke bAhya avasthA ke parivartana kA kAraNa jaina karmasiddhAnta, AtmA dvArA svayaM kie hue karmoM ko mAnatA hai / kahA hai appA kattA vikattA ya, duhAraNa ya suhAraNa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTTaya supaTTizro // arthAt AtmA hI sukha-duHkha kA janaka hai aura AtmA hI unakA vinAzaka hai | sadAcArI sanmArga para lagA huA AtmA apanA mitra hai aura kumArga para lagA huA durAcArI apanA zatru hai / vaijJAnika nyUTana kA eka niyama yaha bhI hai ki kriyA aura pratikriyA eka sAtha hotI rahatI hai arthAt jaba jIva koI karma karegA to usakI pratikriyA usake kie karmAnusAra, usakI prAtmA para avazya aMkita hogI / vijJAna ke AviSkAra betAra ke tAra (Wireless Telegraphy), reDiyo, TelIvijana Adi ke kArya se yaha nirvivAda siddha hai ki jaba koI kArya karatA hai to samIpavartI vAyumaMDala meM halana calana kriyA utpanna ho jAtI hai aura usase utpanna lahareM cAroM ora bahuta dUra taka phaila jAtI haiM unhIM laharoM ke pahu~cane se zabda va AkAra binA tAra ke reDiyo, TelIvijana meM bahuta dUra-dUra sthAnoM para pahu~ca jAte haiM aura unheM jisa sthAna para cAheM vahIM para aMkita kara sakate haiM / isI prakAra jaba koI jIva mana, vacana athavA zarIra se koI kArya karatA hai| to usake samIpavartI cAroM ora ke sUkSma paramANuoM meM halana calana kriyA utpanna ho jAtI hai / ye sUkSma paramANu jinheM kArmaNatrargaNA bhI kahA jAtA hai, AtmA kI ora AkarSita hote hue AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko Dhaka lete haiM / jaina karmasiddhAnta ina karma paramANuoM ko sthUla rUpa se jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya nAma kI saMjJA detA huA inakI 158 prakRtiyA~ batalAtA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya karma ghAtika karma kahe jAte haiM kyoMki inase AtmA kA ananta jJAna, darzana va vIrya zrAcchAdita hokara, kaSAya, viSaya, vikAra, Adi utpanna ho jAte haiM / vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra karma AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta na karane ke kAraNa praghAtika karma kahalAte hue bhI mukti ke mArga meM bAdhaka haiM / ATha karmoM kA svabhAva (prakRti) bhinna-bhinna hone ke kAraNa prakRtibaMdha kahalAtA hai / karmabandha ho jAne ke bAda jaba taka phala dekara alaga nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka kI kAla maryAdA ( AbAdhA kAla ) sthitibandha kahalAtI hai / saba karmoM meM mohanIya karma kI utkRSTa sthitibandha ( AbAdhAkAla ) 70 kor3A kor3I sAgaropama kI mAnI gaI hai aura sAtha-sAtha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki cikane karma to bhogane hI par3ate haiM / bure karma azubha yA kaTuka phala dete haiM aura zubha karma madhura phala pradAna karate haiM / vibhinna prakAra ke rasa ( kaTuka yA madhura phala ) ko anubhAga bandha kahate haiM aura karma dalikoM ke samUha ko pradeza bandha kahate haiM / baddha 1

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328 ] [ karma siddhAnta karma kitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha cipaTA rahe aura kisa prakAra kA tIvra, manda yA madhyama phala pradAna kare, yaha jIva ke kaSAya bhAva para nirbhara hai / abhiprAya yaha hai ki yadi kaSAya tIvra hai to karma kI sthiti lambI hogI aura vipAka bhI tIvra hogaa| tabhI to anantAnubandhI kaSAya ko naraka kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / ataH kaSAya kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke kAraNa sthiti aura anubhAga bandha kI nyUnAdhikatA samajhanI cAhie / arihanta bhagavAn vItarAgatA ke dhAraka kaSAyoM se sarva prakAra se atIta hote haiM / ataH unheM sthiti aura anubhAga bandha hote hI nahIM haiM / yoga ke nimitta se karma to Ate haiM parantu kaSAya na hone ke kAraNa unakI nirjarA hotI rahatI hai / "sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH" arthAt saMkSepa meM kaSAya hI karma bandha ke mUla kAraNa haiN| karma kA phala amogha hai-anivArya hai arthAt kiye hue karma vipAka hone para to avazya hI bhogane par3ate haiM / yaha zAzvata satya hai / tabhI to kisI ne kahA hai jarA karma dekha kara karie, ina karmoM kI bahuta burI mAra hai| nahIM bacA sakegA paramAtmA, phira auroM kA kyA etabAra hai / / vaijJAnika lIcaiTalIyara kA siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka tantra yA saMsthAna apanI sAmyasthiti se asAmyasthiti meM yadi calI jAtI hai to bhI vaha apanI pUrva sAmyasthiti meM Ane kA prayAsa karatI hai / arthAt AtmA ke dvArA kiye karmAH nusAra AtmA para karmavargaNA kA AvaraNa car3hegA to bhI karma vipAka ucita samayAnusAra AtmA ke ananta vIrya yA tapasyA dvArA jIva kiye hue karmoM kI nirjarA bhI karegA, tabhI to sAmyasthiti ko punaH prApta kara sakegA / isase zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa kathana kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki sabhI bhavya AtmAe~. navIna karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha kara aura pUrva saMcita karmoM kI nirjarA kara. mokSa meM pahu~ca jaaeNgii| jaina darzana AtmA meM ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha, ananta zakti (bala-vIrya) ityAdi guNa mAnatA hai jinako karma-prakRtiyoM ne dabA diyA hai / nizcaya naya se vicAra kareM to pratyeka AtmA zuddha rUpa meM siddha svarUpa hai / kahA bhI hai siddhA jaisA jIva hai, jIva soI siddha hoya / karma maila kA prAMtarA, bujhai biralA koya / AtmA meM ananta zakti, bala, vIrya arthAt puruSArtha vidyamAna hai / jo manuSya apane uddezya kI prApti meM aneka vighna va bAdhAoM ke upasthita hone para bhI prayatnazIla rahate haiM, anta meM una puruSArthI manuSyoM ke manoratha saphala bhI ho jAte haiM / tabhI to karmayoga arthAt puruSArtha ko pragati kA mUla kahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mAnava jAti ko yaha mahAn sandeza diyA hai ki mAnava terA svayaM kA

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jaina karma siddhAnta aura vijJAna : pArasparika abhigama ] [ 326 nirmANa aura vidhvaMsa tere svayaM ke hAthoM meM hai arthAt apane satkAryoM dvArA tU svayaM banA bhI sakatA hai aura asat kAryoM dvArA apane ko bigAr3a bhI sakatA hai / kahA hai kammuNA baMbharaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khattiyo / vaiso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA || arthAt karma hI manuSya ko brAhmaNatva pradAna karate haiM, karma hI manuSya ko kSatriya banAte haiM, karmoM se hI manuSya vaizya hai aura karmoM se hI zUdra / sabhI tIrthaMkara bhagavAn, mahApuruSa zrI rAma, zrI kRSNa, mahAtmA gAndhI Adi ne karmayoga arthAt puruSArtha ke mAdhyama se hI apane-apane lakSyoM ko prApta kiyA hai / savara jANe ya virANe, paccakkhANe ya sajaMme / aNAsave tave ceva bodANe prakiri siddhi || ukta gAthA AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM ke lie to racI hI gaI hai para vaijJAnika bhI isI gAthA ke bhAva anusAra calakara hI vaijJAnika niyama va siddhAntoM ko siddha kara pAte haiM / vaijJAnika sarva prathama jJAna ko ananta mAnatA hai, usako prApta karane ke lie upalabdha sAhitya va jJAnagoSThI ityAdi kA sahArA letA hai aura usa jJAna ko anekAntavAda arthAt sApekSavAda kI kasauTI para kasatA hai / vijJAna ke kisI niyama yA siddhAnta ke pratipAdana ke lie vaijJAnika ko apane mana, vacana kAya kA pUrNa rUpa se saMyama, tyAga, tapasyA arthAt puruSArtha ko apanAnA par3atA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kathana hai ki satya ko jaba taka aneka dRSTikoNoM se nahIM dekhegA taba taka usakA sAmyayogI bananA sambhava nahIM hai / isa prakAra samyakjJAna ko prApta kara saMyama ke dvArA navIna karmoM ke Asrava ko rokatA huA tapasyA dvArA apane pUrva saMcita karmoM kA kSaya zrarthAt nirjarA karatA huA mana, vacana, kAya rUpa yogoM kA nirodha karake sAra zabdoM meM samyakcAritra ko apanA kara siddha avasthA ko prApta hotA hai / ina saba ke lie karmayoga prarthAt puruSArtha atyanta Avazyaka hai / Jain Educationa International 'bhava koDi saMciyaM kammaM tavasA nijjarijjai' arthAt tapasyA se karor3oM bhavoM ke saMcit karmoM kI nirjarA kara dI jAtI hai / zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane pUrva saMcita karmoM ko jo ki pahale hue 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke sAre karmoM ko milAkara ke barAbara the, apanI ugra tapasyA dvArA kSaya kara diyA / saba tIrthaMkaroM kI apekSA se mahAvIra bhagavAna ke tapa ko ugra tapa batAyA gayA hai / yaha 'Avazyaka niyukti' kI gAthA "ugAM ca tavo kammaM vizeSato vaddhamANasa" se spaSTa hai / vaijJAnika DhaMga se yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ki tabhI to anya For Personal and Private Use Only

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330 ] [ karma siddhAnta tapasyA kisa prakAra karma nirjarA karake AtmA ko 'akiria' karake siddha banA detI hai / cumbaka meM AkarSaNa zakti hotI hai parantu jaba isako tapA diyA jAtA hai to AkarSaNa zakti naSTa hokara isako 'akiria' banA detI hai / isI prakAra se karmoM se Abaddha prAtmA ko jaba tapasyA rUpI agni se tapA diyA jAtA hai to bandhe hue karma kSaya hokara, AtmA apane vAstavika svarUpa meM prakaTa hokara akiritra hotI huI siddha avasthA prApta kara letI hai / AvazyakatA hai karma siddhAnta ko samajhakara usake sAtha puruSArtha yoga ko jor3akara sAdhanA karane kii| jahA daDDhAraNaM bIyANaM, raNa jAyaMti puNa aNkuraa| kamma bIesu daDDhe, Na jAyaMti bhavAMkurA // artha-jisa prakAra dagdha bIja aMkurita nahIM hote usI prakAra karma bIjoM ke dagdha hone para bhava-bhava meM janma lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| yAdRzaM kriyate karma, tAdRzaM prApyate phalam / yAdRzamupyate bIjaM, tAdRzaM bhukte phalam // artha-jIva jisa prakAra karma karatA hai tadanusAra phala kI prApti hotI hai / jisa prakAra bIja kA vapana kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra ke phala kI prApti sambhava hai| satyAnusAriNI lakSmI, kIti tyaagaanusaarinnii| abhyAsasAriNI vidyA, buddhi krmaanusaarinnii|| artha-lakSmI satya kA anusaraNa karatI hai / kIrti tyAga kA anugamana karatI hai / vidyA abhyAsa se hI AtI hai / tathaiva karma ke anusAra hI buddhi kI pravRtti hotI hai| teNe jahA saMdhi-muhe gahie, sakammuNA kiccai paavkaarii| evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe, kaDANa kammANa Na mokkha asthi // -uttarAdhyayana 4/3 artha-jisa prakAra saMdhimukha para seMdha lagAte hue pakar3A huA pApAtmA cora apane hI kiye hue karmoM se duHkha pAtA hai / usI prakAra jIva isa loka aura paraloka meM apane kiye hue azubha karmoM se duHkha pAte haiM, kyoMki phala bhoge binA, kiye hue karmoM se chUTakArA nahIM hotaa|

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caturtha khaNDa karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ 51 jaina Agama sAhitya meM pratipAdita karma aura puruSArtha sambandhI cintana kA prabhAva prAkRta kathAoM meM bhI dekhane ko milatA hai / vaise to prAya: pratyeka prAkRta kathA meM pUrvajanma, karmoM kA phala tathA mukti prApti ke lie saMyama, vairAgya prAdi puruSArthoM kA saMketa milatA hai / kintu kucha kathAe~ aisI bhI haiM jo karmasiddhAnta kA hI pratipAdana karatI haiM, to kucha puruSArtha kA / bhAratIya saMskRti meM cAra puruSArthoM kA vivecana hai- dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa / vastutaH prAkRta kathAoM meM inameM se do ko hI puruSArtha mAnA gayA hai kAma aura mokSa ko / zeSa do puruSArtha inakI prApti meM sahAyaka haiM / dharma puruSArtha se mokSa sadhatA hai to artha se kAma puruSArtha arthAt laukika samRddhi va sukha Adi / prAkRta kathAoM meM ina laukika aura pAralaukika donoM puruSArthoM kA varNana hai, kintu unakA prabhAva samAja para bhinna-bhinna par3A hai / prAkRta kathAoM meM karma - siddhAMta ko pratipAdita karane vAlI kathAe~ 'jJAtAdharma kathA' meM upalabdha haiM / maNikumAra seTha kI kathA meM kahA gayA hai ki pahale usane eka sundara vApI kA nirmANa karAyA / paropakAra evaM dAnazIlatA ke aneka kArya kie| kintu eka bAra jaba usake zarIra meM solaha prakAra kI vyAdhiyA~ ho gayIM to deza ke prakhyAt vaidyoM kI cikitsA dvArA bhI maNikumAra svastha nahIM ho sakA / kyoMki usake asAtA karmoM kA udaya thA / isalie use rogoM kA duHkha bhoganA hI thA / isI graMtha meM kAlI AryA kI eka kathA hai, jisameM azubha karmoM ke udaya ke kAraNa usakI duSpravRtti meM buddhi laga jAtI hai aura vaha sAdhvI ke AcaraNa meM zithila ho jAtI hai / Jain Educationa International DaoN0 prema sumana jaina Agama graMthoM meM vipAka sUtra karma siddhAMta ke pratipAdana kA pratinidhi graMtha hai / isameM 20 kathAe~ haiM / prArambha kI dasa kathAe~ azubha karmoM ke vipAka ko evaM antima dasa kathAe~ zubha karmoM ke phala ko prakaTa karatI haiM / miyAputra kI kathA krUratApUrvaka AcaraNa karane ke phala ko vyakta karatI hai to soriyadatta kI kathA mAMsabhakSaNa ke pariNAma ko / isI taraha kI anya kathAe~ vibhinna karmoM ke paripAka ko spaSTa karatI haiM / ina kathAoM kA spaSTa uddezya pratIta hotA hai ki zubha karmoM ko chor3akara zubha karmoM kI ora pravRtta hoM / For Personal and Private Use Only

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334 ] [ karma siddhAnta svataMtra prAkRta kathA-graMthoM meM karmavAda kI aneka kathAe~ haiN| 'taraMgavatI' meM pUrvajanmoM kI kathAe~ haiN| taraMgavatI ko karmoM ke kAraNa pati-viyoga sahanA par3atA hai / 'vasudevahiMDI' meM to karmaphala ke aneka prasaMga haiM / cArudatta kI daridratA usake pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala mAnI jAtI hai| isa graMtha meM vasubhati daridra brAhmaNa kI kathA honahAra kA upayukta udAharaNa hai| vasubhUti ke yajJadattA nAma kI patnI thii| putra kA nAma somazarma tathA putrI kA somazarmA thaa| unake rohiNI nAma kI eka gAya thii| dAna meM milI huI khetI karane ke lie thor3I sI jamIna thii| eka bAra apanI daridratA ko dUra karane ke lie vasubhUti zahara jA rahA thA / to usane apane putra se kahA ki maiM sAhUkAroM se kucha dAna-dakSiNA mAMgakara zahara se lauttrgaa| taba taka tuma khetI kI rakSA krnaa| usakI upaja aura dAna meM mile dhana se maiM terI aura terI bahina kI zAdI kara duuNgaa| taba taka apanI gAya bhI bachar3A de degii| isa taraha hamAre saMkaTa ke dina dUra ho jAyeMge / __brAhmaNa vasubhati ke zahara cale jAne para usakA putra somazarma to kisI naTI ke saMsarga meM naTa bana gyaa| ArakSita khetI sUkha gyii| somazarmA putrI ke kisI dhUrta se garbha raha gayA aura gAya kA garbha kisI kAraNa se gira gyaa| saMyoga se brAhmaNa ko bhI dakSiNA nahIM milii| lauTane para jaba usane ghara ke samAcAra jAne to kaha uThA ki hamArA bhAgya hI aisA hai| isa graMtha meM isa taraha ke anya kathAnaka bhI haiN| . AcArya haribhadra ne prAkRta kI aneka kathAe~ likhI haiN| 'samarAiccakahA' aura 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ke atirikta upadezapada aura dazavakAlika riNa meM bhI unakI kaI kathAe~ karmavAda kA pratipAdana karatI haiN| unameM karma-vipAka athavA daivayoga se ghaTita hone vAle kaI kathAnaka haiM, jinake Age manuSya kI buddhi aura zakti nirarthaka jAna par3atI hai / 'samarAiccakahA' ke dUsare bhava meM siMhakumAra kI hatyA jaba usakA putra AnaMda rAjapada pAne ke lie karane lagatA hai to siMhakumAra socatA hai ki jaise anAja paka jAne para kisAna apanI khetI kATatA hai vaise hI jIva apane kie hue karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai| upadezapada meM 'puruSArtha' yA 'deva' nAma kI eka kathA bhI haribhadra ne prastuta kI hai| isameM karmaphala kI pradhAnatA hai| _ 'kuvalayamAlA kahA' meM udyotanasUri ne kaI prasaMgoM meM karmoM ke phala bhogane kI bAta kahI hai| kaSAyoM ke vazIbhUta hokara jIne vAle vyaktiyoM ko kyA-kyA bhoganA par3atA hai isakA vistRta vivecana lobhadeva Adi kI kathAoM meM isa graMtha meM kiyA gayA hai| rAjA ratnamukuTa kI kathA meM dIpazikhA aura pataMge kA dRSTAMta diyA gayA hai| rAjA ne pataMge ko mRtyu se bacAne ke lie bahuta prayatna kie| aMta meM use eka saMdUkacI meM baMda bhI kara diyA kintu prAtaHkAla taka use eka

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 335 chipakalI khA hI gyii| rAjA kA prayatna karma-phala ke Age vyartha gyaa| usane socA ki nipuNa vaidya rogI ko roga se rakSA to kara sakate haiM kintu pUrvajanmakRta karmoM se jIva kI rakSA ve nahIM kara sakate / yathA : vejjAkareMti kiriyaM osaha-jIehimaMta-bala-juttA / Neya kareMti basAyA raNa kayaM jaM pugvajammammi / kuva0 140-25 prAkRta kathAoM ke kozagranthoM meM karmaphala sambandhI aneka kathAe~ prApta haiN| 'AkhyAnamaNi koza' meM bAraha kathAe~ isa prakAra kI haiN| karma athavA bhAgya ke sAmarthya ke saMbandha meM aneka subhASita isa grantha meM prayukta hue haiN| RSidattA AkhyAna ke prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki karmoM ke anusAra hI vyakti sukha-duHkha pAtA hai / ataH kie hue karmoM (ke pariNAma) kA nAza nahIM hotaa| yathA : jaM jeNa pAviyavvaM suhaM va dukkhaM va kamma nimmaviyaM / taM so taheva pAvai kayassa nAso jano natthi // pR0 250, gA0 151 prAkRta-kathA-saMgraha meM karma kI pradhAnatA vAlI kucha kathAe~ haiM / samudrayAtrA ke daurAna jaba jahAja bhagna ho jAtA hai taba nAyaka socatA hai ki kisI ko kabhI bhI doSa na denA caahie| sukha aura duHkha pUrvAjita karmoM kA hI phala hotA hai / isI taraha prAkRta kathAoM meM parISaha-jaya kI aneka kathAe~ upalabdha haiM / vahA~ bhI tapazcaraNa meM hone vAle duHkha ko karmoM kA phala mAnakara unheM samatApUrvaka sahana kiyA jAtA hai| apabhraza ke kathAgraMthoM evaM mahAkosu meM isa prakAra kI kaI kathAe~ haiM / sukumAla svAmI kI kathA pUrva janmoM ke karma vipAka ko spaSTa karane ke lie hI kahI gaI hai / honahAra kitanA balavAna hai, yaha isa kathA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| karma siddhAMta sambandhI ina prAkRta kathAoM ke varNanoM para yadi pUrNataH vizvAsa kiyA gayA hotA aura bhavitavyatA ko hI saba kucha mAna liyA gayA hotA to laukika aura pAralaukika donoM taraha ke koI prayatna va puruSArtha jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM dvArA nahIM kie jaate| isa dRSTi se yaha samAja sabase adhika niSkriya, daridra aura bhAgyavAdI hotaa| kintu itihAsa sAkSI hai ki aisA nahIM huaa| anya vidhAoM ke jaina sAhitya ko chor3a bhI deM to yahI prAkRta kathAe~ laukika aura pAramArthika puruSArthoM kA itanA varNana karatI haiM ki vizvAsa nahIM hotA unameM kabhI bhAgyavAda yA karmavAda kA vivecana huA hogaa| karma aura puruSArtha ke isa antardvandva ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAkRta kathAoM meM prApta kucha puruSArtha sambandhI saMdarbha yahA~ prastuta haiN| 'jJAtAdharmakathA' meM udakajJAtA adhyayana meM subuddhi maMtrI kI kathA hai / isameM usane jitazatru rAjA ko eka khAI ke durgandhayukta apeya pAnI ko zuddha evaM peya

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336 ] [ karma siddhAnta jala meM badala dene kI bAta khii| rAjA ne kahA-yaha nahIM ho sakatA / taba maMtrI ne kahA ki pudgaloM meM jIva ke prayatna aura svAbhAvika rUpa se parivartana kiyA jA sakatA hai| rAjA ne isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| taba subuddhi ne jalazodhana kI vizeSa prakriyA dvArA usI khAI ke azuddha jala ko amRtasadRza madhura aura peya banAkara dikhA diyaa| taba rAjA kI samajha meM AyA ki vyakti kI sadpravRttiyoM ke puruSArtha usake jIvana ko badala sakate haiM / anta meM rAjA aura maMtrI donoM jaina dharma meM dIkSita ho gaye / isI graMtha meM samudrayAtrA Adi kI kathAe~ bhI haiM / jinase jJAta hotA hai ki saMkaTa ke samaya bhI sAhasI yAtrI apanA puruSArtha nahIM tyAgate the / jahAja bhagna hone para samudra pAra karane kA bhI prayatna karate the / aneka kaThinAiyoM ko pAra kara bhI vaNikaputra sampatti kA arjana karate the / 'uttarAdhyayana TIkA' (nemIcaMdra) meM eka kathA hai, jisameM rAjakumAra, maMtrIputra aura vaNikaputra apane-apane puruSArtha kA parIkSaNa karake batalAte haiN| 'dazavakAlika cUrNI' meM cAra mitroM kI kathA meM puruSArthoM kI zreSThatA siddha kI gaI hai / 'vasudevahiNDo' meM artha aura kAma puruSArtha kI aneka kathopakathAe~ haiM / arthopArjana para hI laukika sukha AdhArita hai| ataH isa graMtha kI eka kathA meM cArudatta daridratA ko dUra karane ke lie aMtima kSaNa taka puruSArtha karanA nahIM chor3atA / 'ucchahesirivasati' isa siddhAMta kA pAlanA karatA hai / 'samarAiccakahA' meM laukika aura pAramArthika puruSArtha kI aneka kathAe~ haiM / udyotanasUri ne 'kuvalayamAlA kahA' meM eka ora jahA~ karmaphala kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, vahA~ caMDasoma Adi kI kathAoM dvArA yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki pApI se pApI vyakti bhI yadi sadpravRtti meM laga jAye to vaha sukhasamRddhi ke sAtha jIvana ke antima lakSya ko bhI prApta kara sakatA hai| mAyAdatta kI kathA meM kahA gayA hai ki loka meM dharma, artha, aura kAma ina tIna puruSArthoM meM se jisake eka bhI nahIM hai, usakA jIvana jar3avat hai / ataH artha kA upArjana karo, jisase zeSa puruSArtha kI siddhi ho (kuva0 58. 13-15) / sAgaradatta kI kathA se jJAta hotA hai ki bApa-dAdAoM kI sampatti se paropakAra karanA vyartha hai| jo apane puruSArtha se ajita dhana kA dAna karatA hai vahI prazaMsA kA pAtra hai, bAkI saba cora haiM : jo deI dharaNaM duhasaya samajjiyaM prattaNo bhuya-baleNa / so kira pasaMsaNijjo iyaro coro viya varAtro // kuva0 103-23 // isI taraha isa graMtha meM dhanadeva kI kathA hai| vaha apane mitra bhadrazreSThI ko, preraNA dekara vyApAra karane ke lie ratna-dIpa le jAnA cAhatA hai| bhadra zreSThI isalie vahA~ nahIM jAnA cAhatA kyoMki vaha sAta bAra jahAja bhagna hojAne se

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 337 nirAza ho cukA thaa| taba dhanadatta use samajhAtA hai ki puruSArtha-hIna hone se to lakSmI viSNu ko bhI chor3a detI hai aura jo puruSArthI hotA hai usI para vaha dRSTipAta karatI hai / ataH tuma punaH sAhasa kro| vyakti ke lagAtAra prayatna karane para hI bhAgya badalA jA sakatA hai / prAkRta ke anya kathA-graMthoM meM bhI isa prakAra kI puruSArtha sambandhI kathAe~ dekhI jA sakatI haiN| zrIpAla-kathA karma aura puruSArtha ke antardvandva kA spaSTa udAharaNa hai / mainA-sundarI apane puruSArtha ke bala para apane daridra evaM kor3hI pati ko svastha kara punaH sampattizAlI banA detI hai| prAkRta ke graMthoM meM isa viSayaka eka bahuta rocaka kathA prApta hai| rAjA bhoja ke darabAra meM eka bhAgyavAdI evaM puruSArthI vyakti upasthita huaa| bhAgyavAdI ne kahA ki saba kucha bhAgya se hotA hai, puruSArtha vyartha hai / puruSArthI ne kahA-prayatna karane se hI saba kucha prApta hotA hai, bhAgya ke bharose baiThe rahane se nahIM / rAjA ne kAlidAsa nAmaka maMtrI ko unakA vivAda nipaTAne ko kahA / kAlidAsa ne una donoM ke hAtha bA~dhakara unheM eka aMdhere kamare meM baMda kara diyA aura kahA ki Apa loga apane-apane siddhAnta ko apanAkara bAhara A jaanaa| bhAgyavAdI niSkriya hokara kamare ke eka kone meM baiThA rahA jabaki puruSArthI tIna dina taka kamare se nikalane kA dvAra khojatA rahA / aMta meM thakakara vaha eka sthAna para gira par3A / jahA~ usake hAtha the vahA~ cUhe kA bila thA, ataH usake hAtha kA baMdhana cUhe ne kATa diyaa| dUsare dina vaha kisI prakAra daravAjA tor3akara bAhara A gyaa| bAda meM vaha bhAgyavAdI ko bhI nikAla lAyA aura kahane lagA ki udyama ke phala ko jAnakara yAvat-jIvana use nahIM chor3anA cAhie / puruSArtha phaladAyI hotA hai| ujjamassa phalaM naccA, viusaduganAyage / jAvajjIvaM na chuDDejjA, ujjamaMphaladAyagaM // yahA~ isa viSaya se sambandhita pA~ca pramukha kathAe~ dI jA rahI haiM / unase karma evaM puruSArtha ke svarUpa ko samajhane meM madada milatI hai| __ [1] ATe kA murgA - DaoN0 prema sumana jaina yaudheya nAmaka janapada kI rAjadhAnI rAjapura ke caNDamArI devI ke mandira ke sAmane bali dene ke lie choTe-bar3e pazuoM ke kaI jor3e ekatra kara diye gaye haiM / eka manuSya-yugala kI pratIkSA hai| rAjA mAridatta ke rAjya-karmacAriyoM ne

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338 ] [ karma siddhAnta eka sundara nara-yugala ko lAkara vahA~ upasthita kiyA-sAdhuveza meM eka yuvA sAdhu aura eka yuvA sAdhvI / sira para mRtyu hote hue bhI cehare para apUrva saumyatA, karuNA aura teja / unake sAmane bali dene vAle rAjA kI talavAra acAnaka nIce jhuka gyii| kautUhala jaga gyaa| yaha nara-yugala kauna haiM ? rAjA ne pUchA-'bali dene ke pUrva maiM ApakA paricaya jAnanA cAhatA huuN|' nara-yugala ke muni kumAra ne jo paricaya diyA vaha isa prakAra hai| __ avanti nAmaka janapada meM ujjayinI nagarI hai| vahA~ yazodhara rAjA apanI rAnI amRtamati ke sAtha nivAsa karatA thaa| eka rAtri meM yazodhara ne rAnI amRtamati ko eka mahAvata ke sAtha vilAsa karate dekha liyA / patana kI isa parAkASThA se rAjA kA mana saMsAra se virakta ho gayA / prAtaHkAla jaba usake udAsa mana kA rAjamAtA candramati ne kAraNa pUchA to yazodhara ne eka duHsvapna kI kathA gar3ha dii| kintu rAjamAtA se rAjA ke duHkha kI gaharAyI chipI na rahI / ataH usane apane putra ke mana kI zAnti ke lie kuladevI caMDamArI ke maMdira meM pazu-bali dene kA Agraha kiyaa| kintu yazodhara pazu-bali ke pakSa meM nahIM huaa| taba mAtA ne use sujhAyA ki ATe kA murgA banAkara usakI bali dI jA sakatI hai| yazodhara ne vivaza hokara yaha prastAva mAna liyaa| kintu isa zarta ke sAtha ki isa balikarma ke bAda vaha apane putra yazomati ko rAjya dekara virakta ho jaayegaa| rAnI amRtamati ne jaba yaha saba jAnA to use jJAta huA ki rAtri meM mahAvata ke sAtha kiye gaye vilAsa ko rAjA jAna gayA hai| rAjamAtA bhI isako jAnatI hogI / ataH aba donoM ko rAste se haTAnA hogA / ataH usane apanI caturAI se rAjA aura rAjamAtA ko usI dina apane yahA~ bhojana para Amantrita kiyA aura usI dina bali car3hAye hue usa ATe ke murga meM viSa milAkara prasAda ke rUpa meM mAM aura putra ko usane khilA diyaa| isase yazodhara aura usakI mAM candramati donoM kI mRtya ho gyii| saMkalpapUrvaka kI gayI ATe ke murge kI hiMsA ke kAraNa tIvra karmabandha huaa| usake kAraNa ve donoM mAM-beTe chaH janmoM taka pazu-yoni meM bhaTakate rhe| kuttA, hiraNa, machalI, bakarA, murgA Adi ke janmoM ko pAra karate hue unheM saMyoga se sudatta nAmaka prAcArya ke upadeza se apane pUrva-janma, kA smaraNa ho aayaa| usase pazcAttApa kI agni ne unake kucha duSkarmoM ko jalA diyA / ataH agale janma meM ve donoM yazomati rAjA aura kusumAvali rAnI ke yahA~ bhAIbahina ke rUpa meM utpanna hue / saMyogavaza unhIM AcArya sudatta se jaba yazomati ne apane pUrvajoM kA vRttAnta pUchA to jJAta huA ki usake pitA yazodhara evaM pitAmahI candramati usake yahA~ putra evaM putrI ke rUpa meM paidA hue haiN| yaha kathA

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 336 sunakara una donoM bAlakoM ko bacapana meM hI saMsAra kA svarUpa samajha meM A gayA / ataH ve bAlyAvasthA meM hI sAdhu evaM sAdhvI bana gaye / 'he rAjA mAridatta ! hama donoM sAdhu-sAdhvI yazomati ke vahI putra-putrI haiM / hamane ATe ke murge kI bali car3hAkara jo saMsAra ke duHkha uThAye haiM, unheM tumhAre sAmane kaha diyA hai / aba tumhArI icchA ki tuma hamAre sAtha ina niraparAdhI mUka pazuoM kI bali do yA nhiiN|' rAjA mAridatta yaha vRttAnta sunakara muni yugala ke caraNoM meM gira par3A aura usane nivedana kiyA ki hamAre dvArA kie gae apamAna ko kSamA kareM bhagavan ! hameM bhI apane usa kalyANa mitra guru ke pAsa le cleN|' [2] siyArinI kA badalA DaoN0 prema sumana jaina jambU dvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM ujjayinI nagarI hai| vahA~ subhadra seTha apanI patnI jayA ke sAtha rahatA thaa| unake dhana-dhAnya evaM anya sukhoM kI kamI nahIM thii| kintu koI saMtAna na hone se ve donoM duHkhI the / kucha samaya bAda unake eka putra huA, jo atyanta sukumAra thA ataH usakA nAma sukumAla rakha diyA gyaa| kintu karmoM kA kucha aisA saMyoga ki putra-darzana ke bAda hI seTha ne dIkSA le lii| ataH jayA seThAnI bahuta du:khI huii| usane eka jJAnI muni se apane putra ke bhaviSya ke sambandha meM pUchA / muni ne kahA-'sukumAla ko saMsAra ke saba sukha mileMge / kintu jaba kabhI bhI kisI muni ke upadeza isake kAnoM meM par3eMge taba yaha muni bana jaayegaa|' yaha sunakara jayA seThAnI ne apane mahala ke cAroM ora aisI vyavasthA kara dI ki dUra-dUra taka kisI muni kA Agamana na ho aura na hI unake upadeza sunAI pdd'e| samaya Ane para jayA seThAnI ne sukumAla kA 32 kumAriyoM se vivAha kara diyaa| unake sabake alaga-alaga mahala banavA diye| vahA~ sukha-suvidhAoM ke sabhI sAdhana upalabdha karA diye tAki sukumAla ko kabhI bhI una mahaloM kI paridhi se bAhara na AnA pdd'e| eka bAra jayA seThAnI kI samRddhi aura sukumAla kI sukumAratA kI prasiddhi sunakara usa nagara kA rAjA seThAnI ke ghara AyA / jayA seThAnI ne rAjA kA pUrA satkAra kiyA evaM use apane putra se milaayaa| usake sAtha bhojana 1. dazavIM zatAbdI ke yazastilakacampU kI pramukha kathA kA saMkSipta rUpAntara /

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340 ] [ karma siddhAnta kraayaa| kintu isa bIca rAjA ne anubhava kiyA ki sukumAla kI A~khoM meM AMsU Aye / vaha siMhAsana para adhika dera taka ThIka se baiTha nahIM sakA / bhojana karate samaya bhI usane kevala kucha cAvaloM ko cuna-cunakara hI khAyA / ataH rAjA ne seThAnI se isa sabakA kAraNa pUchA / seThAnI ne kahA-"mahArAja ! merA putra bahuta sukumAra hai ! usane kabhI diye kA prakAza nahIM dekhA ! jaba maiMne Apako diye se AratI kI to usakI lau se kumAra ke prAMsU A gaye / jaba maiMne sarasoM ke dAne Apake Upara DAlakara ApakA satkAra kiyA to sarasoM ke dAne siMhAsana para gira jAne se unakI cubhana se vaha ThIka se Apake sAtha nahIM baiTha skaa| aura sukumAla kevala kamala se suvAsita kucha cAvaloM kA hI bhojana karatA hai / isalie usane unhIM cAvaloM ko bIna-bIna kara khAyA hai| Apa usakI bAtoM kA burA na maaneN|" rAjA, sukumAla kI sukumAratA se aura seThAnI ke satkAra se bahuta prabhAvita huA / usane seThAnI kI sahAyatA karate hue sAre nagara meM muniyoM ke Agamana para pratibandha lagA diyaa| seThAnI apane putra kI surakSA se nizcinta ho gyii| kintu saMyoga se sukumAla ke pUrvajanma ke mAmA muni sUryamitra ne apane jJAna se jAnA ki sukumAla kI Ayu aba kevala tIna dina zeSa raha gayI hai / ataH ve rAjAjJA kI cintA na karate hue nagara ke bAhara seThAnI ke mahala ke bagIce ke samIpa meM Akara Thahara gaye / vahIM para ve zrAvakoM ko upadeza dene lge| eka dina prAtaHkAla sukumAla apane mahala kI chata para bhramaNa kara rahA thA ki usane muni ke upadeza suna liye| use apane pUrva-janma kA smaraNa ho prAyA / ataH usane munidIkSA lene kA nizcaya kara liyaa| sukumAla cupacApa apane mahala se rassI ke sahAre nIce utarA aura paidala calate hue muni ke samIpa pahu~cakara usane dIkSA le lii| aura Ayu kama jAnakara vaha tapasyA meM lIna ho gyaa| sukumAla kI sukumAratA ke kAraNa mahala se lekara pUre rAste meM sukumAla ke pairoM se rakta bahane ke kAraNa pairoM ke nizAna banate cale gaye / nagara ke bAhara usa samaya eka siyArinI apane baccoM ke sAtha ghUma rahI thii| vaha rakta ke nizAna ke sAtha-sAtha calatI huI muni sukumAla ke pAsa pahuMca gayI / vahA~ use apane pUrva-janma kA smaraNa ho paayaa| taba vaha badalA lene kI bhAvanA se sukumAla ke zarIra ko khAne laga gayI / kintu ve muni parISaha ko sahana karate hue apanI tapasyA meM lIna rahe aura unhoMne zarIra kA tyAga karate hue kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa|

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 341 idhara seThAnI ke ghara meM sukumAla ke niSkramaNa kA samAcAra milate hI saba parijana nagara ke bAhara daur3a / jaba taka ve muni sukumAla ke samIpa pahu~ce taba taka usa siyArinI dvArA unakA bhautika zarIra khAyA jA cukA thA / isa dRzya ko dekhakara sAre loga stabdha raha gaye / taba sukumAla ke dIkSA guru sUryamitra ne unakI zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue unheM sukumAla aura siyArinI ke pUrvajanma kI kathA isa prakAra sunAyI / "isI bharatakSetra meM kauzAmbI nagarI hai / vahA~ pratibala rAjA apanI madanAvalI rAnI ke sAtha rAjya karatA thA / usake yahA~ somazarmA nAmaka mantrI thA / usake kAzyapI nAmaka patnI thii| unake do putra the - zragnibhUti aura vAyubhUti / pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda mAtA kAzyapI ne apane donoM putroM ko par3hane ke lie unake mAmA sUryamitra ke pAsa unheM rAjagRhI bhejA / sUryamitra ne mAmAbhAnaje ke sambandha ko chipAkara rakhA aura unheM acchI zikSA dI / kintu jaba donoM putroM ko isa sambandha kI jAnakArI milI to agnibhUti ne socA ki mAmA hamAre hita ke lie aisA kiyA / anyathA hama par3ha na pAte / kintu vAyubhUti ne ise apanA apamAna samajhA aura vaha mAmA sUryamitra ko apanA zatru mAnane lagA / eka bAra sUryamitra muni ke rUpa meM kauzAmbI meM Aye / taba agnibhUti ne unakA bahuta satkAra kiyA, kintu vAyubhUti ne unakA apamAna kiyA / isase duHkhI hokara agnibhUti ko bhI saMsAra kI prasAratA kA jJAna ho gayA / usane bhI sUryamitra ke pAsa munidIkSA le lI / jaba yaha bAta agnibhUti kI patnI somadattA ko jJAta huI to vaha bahuta cintita huI / usane apane devara vAyubhUti se bar3e bhrAtA pragnibhUti ko ghara lauTA lAne kA anurodha kiyA / isase vAyubhUti aura krodhita ho gayA / usane apanI bhaujAI somadattA ke sira para apane pairoM se prahAra kara diyA / isase somadattA bahuta du:khI huI / usane kahA ki maiM abhI abalA hU~ / isalie tumane mujhe lAtoM se mArA hai / kintu mujhe jaba avasara milegA maiM tumhAre inhIM pairoM ko noMca-noMcakara khAU~gI / isa nidAna ke uparAnta somadattA mRtyu ko prApta ho gaI / vahA~ se aneka janmoM meM bhaTakatI huI Aja vaha yahA~ isa siyArinI ke rUpa meM upasthita hai / udhara vAyubhUti kA jIva bhI marakara naraka meM gayA / vahA~ se nikalakara pazuyoni meM bhaTakA / janmAndha cANDAlI huaa| phira muni - upadeza pAkara brAhmaNa putrI nAgazrI ke rUpa meM paidA huA / vahA~ usane vratoM kA pAlana kara isa nagara meM jayA seThAnI ke yahA~ sukumAla ke rUpa meM janma liyA / zubha karmoM ke udaya se sukumAla ne muni dIkSA lI / kintu azubha karmoM ke udaya se unheM isa siyArinI dvArA diyA gayA yaha upasarga sahanA par3A hai / "

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342 ] [ karma siddhAnta sUryamitra muni dvArA isa vRttAnta ko sunakara jayA seThAnI ne saMtoSa dhAraNa kiyA evaM pUre parivAra ne gRhasthoM ke vrata dhAraNa kiye / ' [3] jAduI bagIcA 0 DaoN0 prema sumana jaina jambUdvIpa ke bharatakSetra meM dhanadhAnya se yukta kusaTTa nAmaka deza hai| usameM balAsaka nAmaka gA~va hai, jahA~ saba kucha hai, kintu dUra-dUra taka per3oM kI chAyA nahIM hai| aise isa gA~va meM vidvAn agnizarmA brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usake agnizikhA nAmaka zIlavatI patnI thii| una donoM ke atyanta sundara vidyutprabhA nAmaka putrI thii| tInoM kA samaya sukha se vyatIta hotA thaa| acAnaka jaba vidyutprabhA pATha varSa kI huI taba bhayaMkara roga se pIr3ita hokara usakI mAM kA nidhana ho gyaa| isase ghara kA sArA kArya vidyutprabhA para A pdd'aa| eka dina subaha se zAma taka vaha kArya karate-karate jaba Uba gayI to usane apane pitA se sautelI mAM le Ane ko kahA, jisase use kucha rAhata mila ske| kintu durbhAgya se sautelI mAM aisI AyI ki vaha ghara kA kucha bhI kAma nahIM karatI thii| isase vidyutprabhA kA duHkha aura bar3ha gyaa| use kAma to pUrA karanA par3atA, kintu bhojana bahuta kama miltaa| ise vaha apane karmoM kA phala mAnakara dina vyatIta karane lgii| ___ eka dina vidyatprabhA gAyoM ko carAne ke lie jaMgala meM gayI thii| thakakara vaha dopahara meM vahA~ para so gyii| taba eka bar3A sA~pa usake pAsa aayaa| vaha manuSya kI bhASA meM vidyutprabhA se bolA ki mujhe tuma or3hanI se Dhakakara apanI goda meM chipA lo, kucha sapere mere pIche par3e hue haiM, unase mujhe bacA lo| vidyutprabhA ne bar3e sAhasa se karuNApUrvaka usa nAga kI rakSA kii| isase saMtuSTa hokara nAga apane asalI rUpa meM Akara devatA bana gyaa| usane vidyutprabhA se eka vara mAMgane ko kahA / vidyutprabhA ne lAlaca ke binA kevala itanA vara mAMgA ki merI gAyoM ko aura mujhe dhUpa na lage isalie mere Upara tuma koI chAyA kara do / usa nAgakumAra devatA ne turanta vidyutprabhA ke sira para eka sundara bagIcA banA diyA aura kahA-'yaha bagIcA tumhArI icchA se choTA-bar3A hokara hamezA 1. 12vIM zatAbdI kI apabhraMza kathA 'sukumAlacariuM' (zrIdhara kRta) kA saMkSipta ruupaantr|

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 343 sAtha rhegaa| isake alAvA bhI tumheM kabhI koI saMkaTa ho to mujhe yAda karanA / maiM tumhArI madada karUMgA' aisA kahakara vaha nAgakumAra calA gyaa| - eka dina jaba vidyutprabhA jaMgala meM apane bagIce ke nIce so rahI thii| taba vahA~ pATaliputra kA rAjA jitazatru apanI senA ke sAtha aayaa| usane isa jAduI bagIce ke sAtha sundara vidyutprabhA ko dekhakara usase vivAha kara liyaa| rAjA ne vidyutprabhA kA nAma badalakara 'ArAma zobhA' rakha diyA aura use apanI paTarAnI banA diyaa| isa prakAra ArAma zobhA ke dina sukha se bItane lge| idhara ArAmazobhA kI sautelI mAtA ke eka putrI utpanna huI aura vaha kramazaH yuvA avasthA ko prApta huI / taba usakI mAtA ne vicAra kiyA ki rAjA merI putrI ko bhI rAnI banA le aisA koI upAya karanA caahie| usakI sautelI mAM ne kapaTapUrNa apanatva dikhAkara ArAmazobhA ko mArane ke lie apane pati agnizarmA ke sAtha tIna bAra viSayukta laDDU banAkara bheje / kintu usa nAgakumAra kI sahAyatA se ve laDDU viSarahita ho gye| taba usa sautelI mAM ne prathama prasava karAne ke lie ArAmazobhA ko apane ghara bulvaayaa| vahA~ ArAmazobhA ne eka putra ko janma diyaa| tabhI usa sautelI mAM ne ArAmazobhA ko dhokhe se ghara ke pichavAr3e ke kue meM DAla diyA aura samajha liyA ki ArAmazobhA mara gayI hai| kintu vahA~ usa nAgakumAra ne pArAmazobhA ke lie kue ke bhItara hI eka mahala banA diyaa| ____ idhara usa sautelI mAM ne apanI putrI ko pArAmazobhA ke sthAna para rAjA kI rAnI banAkara usake putra ke sAtha pATaliputra bheja diyaa| kintu isa nakalI pArAmazobhA ke sAtha usa jAduI bagIcI ke na hone se rAjA ko zaMkA ho gyii| vaha cupacApa asalI bAta kI khoja meM rahane lgaa| udhara putra aura pati ke zoka se duHkhI ArAmazobhA nAgakumAra kI sahAyatA se rAtri meM apane putra ko dekhane cupake-se rAjamahala meM jAne lgii| kintu use subaha hone ke pahale hI lauTanA par3atA thaa| anyathA usakA jAduI bagIcA hamezA ke lie naSTa ho jaayegaa| kintu eka dina rAjA ne asalI ArAmazobhA ko pakar3a liyA aura sArI bAteM jAna liiN| tabhI vaha jAduI bagIcA naSTa ho gyaa| kintu ArAmazobhA apane putra aura pati se milakara saMtuSTa ho gyii| rAjA ne ArAmazobhA kI sautelI mAM aura putrI ko sajA denI cAhI to ArAmazobhA ne unheM mApha karA diyaa| eka dina rAjA ke sAtha vArtAlApa karate hue ArAmazobhA ne prazna kiyA ki mujhe bacapana meM itane duHkha kyoM mile aura bAda meM rAjamahala ke sukha milane kA kyA kAraNa hai ? jAduI bagIce ne merI sahAyatA kyoM kI ? taba rAjA ArAmazobhA ko eka santa ke pAsa le gyaa| usase unhoMne apanI jijJAsA kA

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[ karma siddhAnta 344 ] samAdhAna karanA caahaa| taba una paramajJAnI sAdhu ne ArAmazobhA ke pUrvajanma ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra kahA "isa jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM caMpAnagarI hai / vahA~ kuladhara nAmaka eka seTha thA / usakI patnI kA nAma kulAnandA thA / unake prATha putriyAM huiiN| AThavIM kA nAma durbhAgI rakhA gayA / bahuta samaya taka usakA vivAha nahIM huA / kintu saMyoga se eka bAra koI paradezI yuvaka seTha kuladhara kI dukAna para AyA / kisI prakAra seTha ne usa yuvaka ke sAtha durbhAgI kA vivAha kara diyA / kintu apane ghara ko vApisa lauTate hue vaha yuvaka durbhAgI ko akelA sotA huA chor3akara bhAga gayA / jAgane para durbhAgI ko bahuta duHkha huA / kintu ise bhI apane karmoM kA phala mAnatI huI vaha kisI prakAra ujjayinI ke maNibhadra seTha ke yahA~ pahu~ca gayI / vahA~ usane apane zIla aura vyavahAra se seTha ke parivAra kA dila jIta liyA / vaha seTha ke dhArmika kAryoM meM bhI madada karane lagI / use jo bhI paise seTha se milate usakI sAmagrI kharIdakara vaha garIboM meM bAMTa detI / usakA sArA samaya devapUjA aura gurupUjA meM hI vyatIta hone lagA / acAnaka maMdira meM lagA huA bagIcA sUkhane lagA / seTha ne bahuta upAya kiye, kintu koI lAbha nahIM huA / taba durbhAgI ne isa kArya ko apane Upara liyA aura pratijJA kI ki jaba taka yaha bagIcA harA-bharA nahIM ho jAyegA taba taba vaha anna grahaNa nahIM kregii| usakI isa tapasyA se zAsanadevI prasanna huI aura usane bagIce ko harA-bharA kara diyaa| isase durbhAgI kA mana dharma meM aura rama gayA / vaha kaThora tapasyAe~ karane lagI / anta meM usane Atma-ciMtana karate hue apane prANa tyAge / vahA~ se vaha svarga meM utpanna huI / vahA~ para bhI dharma-bhAvanA ke prati ruci hone ke kAraNa use manuSya janma milA aura vaha agnizarmA brAhmaNa ke ghara vidyutprabhA nAma kI putrI huI / usa durbhAgI ne apane jIvana kA pUrvabhAga sadAcAra rahita parivAra meM vyatIta kiyA thA, ataH usake vicAroM aura kAryoM meM sadbhAvanA nahIM thI / isase usane duSkarmoM kA saMcaya kiyA / unhIM ke kAraNa use vidyutprabhA ke jIvana meM prArambha meM bahuta duHkha bhogane par3e haiM / kintu durbhAgI kA aMtima jIvana eka dhArmika parivAra meM vyatIta huA / usane svayaM dhArmika sAdhanA kI / isalie ArAmazobhA ke rUpa se use rAjamahaloM kA sukha milA / garIboM ko dAna dene aura bagIcA harA-bharA karane ke kAraNa se ArAmazobhA ko jAduI bagIce kA sukha milA hai / aura aba mahArAnI ArAmazobhA dhArmika cintana kara rahI hai tathA usake anurUpa apanA jIvana vyatIta karegI to vaha svargoM ke sakha ko bhogakara kramazaH mokSapada bhI pA sakegI / "

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 345 jJAnI santa ke ina vacanoM ko sunakara jitazatru rAjA aura ArAmazobhA rAnI ne saMsAra-tyAga kara vairAgya jIvana aMgIkAra kiyA / ' [4] do sAdhaka jo bichur3a gaye / zrI sujAnamala mehatA sAdhanA, tyAga aura tapazcaryA kA lakSya karma-nirodha aura karma-nirjarA hai aura antataH apane zuddha svarUpa ko prakaTa kara siddha, buddha aura mukta honA hai| sAdhakoM ko Rddhi-siddhiyA~ bhI prApta hotI haiM kintu agara koI sAdhaka bhautika cakAcauMdha meM phaMsa kara prApta Rddhi-siddhiyoM kA lakSya bhautika aizvarya prApta karanA banA letA hai to vaha amRta meM viSa ghola detA hai aura pariNAmataH avanati ke gahare kUpa meM calA jAtA hai / aise hI sAdhakoM ke liye kahA jAtA hai 'tapezvarI so rAjezvarI aura rAjezvarI so narakezvarI / ' kAMpilya nagara meM janme cakravartI brahmadatta ne bhI apane pUrva bhava meM utkRSTa sAdhanA kI thI aura isI kAraNa ve chaH khaNDa ke adhipati bane the / bhautika Rddhi sampadA unake prAMgana meM kIlloleM karatI thIM, sundara aura manohara rAniyoM se unakA antaHpura suzobhita thA aura sAMsArika kAma bhogoM ko unhoMne apane jIvana kA lakSya banA liyA thaa| itanA kucha hote huye bhI ve apane jIvana meM riktatA kA anubhava karate the| ve apane antara meM eka TIsa anubhava karate the mAno unakA eka ananya premI bichur3a gayA ho| isa gaharI cintA hI cintA meM unako apane pUrva bhavoM kI smRti (jAtismaraNa jJAna) ho gyii| unakI smRti apane pUrva ke lagAtAra pA~ca bhavoM taka pahuMca gaI aura smaraNa ho gayA ki ve do bhAI the jo sAtha-sAtha janma lete the aura mRtyu ko prApta hote the| prathama bhava meM ve dazArNa deza meM dAsa ke rUpa meM the, dUsare bhava meM ve kAliMjara parvata para maga ke rUpa meM the, tIsare bhava meM mAtR gaMgA nadI ke taTa para haMsa ke rUpa meM the aura cauthe bhava meM kAzI nagara meM eka cANDAla ke ghara meM citta aura saMbhUti ke rUpa meM janme the| kAzI nareza ke namUcI nAma kA pradhAna thA, jo bar3A buddhimAna aura saMgIta zAstrI thA, sAtha hI thA mahAna vybhicaarii| usane rAjya-antaHpura meM bhI isa doSa kA sevana kiyA, pariNAmataH rAjA ne usako mRtyu daNDa de diyaa| phAMsI ke takhte para car3hAte samaya badhika (citta aura saMbhUti ke pitA) ko dayA A gaI 1. 12vIM zatAbdI kI prAkRta kathA 'ArAmasohA' kA saMkSipta rUpAntara /

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346 ] [ karma siddhAnta aura usane usako mRtyu se bacAkara apane ghara meM gupta rUpa se rakha liyaa| donoM bhAI citta aura saMbhUti namUcI se saMgIta vidyA sIkhane lage aura pAraMgata ho gye| jisakI burI Adata par3a jAtI hai vaha kahIM nahIM cUkatA / namUcI ne cANDAla ke ghara meM bhI vyabhicAra kA sevana kiyA aura usako prANa lekara cupacApa bhAganA pdd'aa| citta aura saMbhUti kI saMgIta vidyA kI khyAti deza-dezAntara meM phailane lgii| kAzI ke saMgIta zAstriyoM ko cANDAla kulotpanna bhAiyoM kI khyAti sahana nahIM ho sakI aura unhoMne yena-kena prakAreNa donoM bhAiyoM ko deza nikAlA dilavA diyaa| isa ghora apamAna ko donoM bhAI sahana nahIM kara sake aura apamAnita jIvana ke bajAya mRtyu ko varaNa karanA unhoMne zreyaskara samajhA aura parvata zikhara se chalAMga mArakara mRtyu kA AliMgana karane kA saMkalpa unhoMne kara liyaa| apane vicAroM ko ve kArya rUpa meM pariNata kara hI rahe the ki akasmAta eka nirgrantha muni udhara A nikle| muni ne aisA duSkRtya karane se unako rokA aura Atma-hatyA eka bhayaMkara pApa hai, yaha samajhAte huye mAnavajIvana ko sArthaka banAne kA upadeza diyaa| muni ke upadeza ne unameM se hIna bhAvanA ko nikAla diyA aura una donoM ne munirAja kA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyA / muni ke pAsa jJAna-dhyAna meM nipuNa hone ke bAda guru AjJA se ve svataMtra vicaraNa karane lage / vicaraNa karate huye sAdhanA ke bala se unako aneka RddhiyA~ aura siddhiyA~ prApta ho gii| udhara namUcI pradhAna cANDAla ghara se bhAgakara lukate-chipate hastinApura nagara pahu~ca gayA aura apane buddhi-kauzala se cakravartI sanatakumAra kA pradhAna maMtrI bana gayA / muni citta saMbhUti bhI vicaraNa karate huye hastinApura nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM birAje / muni veSa meM citta aura saMbhUti ko dekhakara namUcI pradhAna ne bhayabhIta hokara samajhA ki kahIM merA sArA bheda khula na jAve, isa liye SaDayaMtra karake usane unakA (muniyoM kA) apamAna karata huye zahara nikAlA dene kI AjJA dilvaadii| citta muni ne to isa apamAna ko zAntipUrvaka sahana kara liyA kintu saMbhUti mUni ko yaha apamAna aura tiraskAra sahana nahIM ho sakA aura ve isakA pratizodha lene ke liye tapazcaryA ke prabhAva se prApta siddhi kA prayoga karane ke liye tatpara ho gaye / citta muni ne saMbhUti muni ko tyAgI jIvana kI maryAdA ko samajhAte huye zAnti dhAraNa karane ke liye kahA kintu saMbhUti muni kA krodha zAnta nahIM huA aura kupita hokara ve apane muMha se dhuA~ ke gole nikAlane lge| nagaravAsI yaha dekhakara ghabarA gaye aura apane mahArAja cakravartI sanatakumAra se isa bhayaMkara saMkaTa ko nivAraNa karane kI prArthanA karane lage / cakravartI

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 347 sanatakumAra saparivAra sasainya muni kI sevA meM upasthita huye aura prazAsana kI bhUla ke liye kSamA yAcanA kii| tapasvI muni kA krodha zAnta huA aura unhoMne apanI labdhi ke prayoga ko sameTa liyA kintu cakravartI kI Rddhi sampadA, rAjarAniyoM ke rUpa-saundarya ko dekhakara ve Asakta bana gaye aura yaha dussaMkalpa kara liyA ki mere isa tyAga tapazcaryA kA phala mile to mujhe bhI bhaviSya meM aisA hI aizvarya aura kAma bhogoM ke sAdhana prApta hoN| citta muni ne muni saMbhUti kI bhAvabhaMgI ko dekhakara isa prakAra ke nidAna karane ke duHSpariNAma se avagata karAyA kintu muni saMbhUti para isakA koI asara nahIM huaa| cakravartI sanatakumAra muniyoM ke darzana kara apane Apako dhanya mAnate huye tyAga vairAgya kI amiTa chApa apane hRdaya meM lekara apane mahaloM kI ora prasthAna kara gaye / donoM muniyoM ne yathAsamaya AyuSya pUrNa kara deva loka ke padmagula vimAna meM janma liyaa| devaloka kI AyuSya pUrNa kara muni saMbhUti ne kAMpilya nagara meM cakravartI brahmadatta ke rUpa meM janma liyA kintu usakA bhAI citta devAyu pUrNa kara kahA~ gayA, isako jAnane ke liye brahmadatta ciMtita ho gaye / rAjya vaibhava aura bhogopabhoga kI pracura sAmagrI upalabdha hote huye bhI usako apane pUrva bhava ke bhAI kI viraha vedanA satAne lgii| Akhira usane apane bhAI ko khojane kA eka upAya nikAla liyaa| usane eka prAdhI gAthA banAI-"asi dAsA, migA, ha~sA, cANDAlA amarA jahA" aura deza-dezAntaroM meM yaha udghoSa karA diyA ki jo koI isa ardha gAthA ko pUrNa kara degA usako cakravartI brahmadatta apanA AdhA rAjya degaa| citta muni devAyu pUrNa kara puramitAla nagara meM dhanapati nagara zreSThi ke ghara meM putra rUpa meM utpanna hue| apane pUrva bhava kI tyAga-tapazcaryA ke prabhAva se atula Rddhi sampadA aura bhogopabhoga kI pracura sAmagrI ke svAmI bne| eka dina kisI mahAtmA ke mukhAravinda se eka gambhIra gAthA sunakara usake artha kA cintana karate-karate unako jAti smaraNa jJAna ho gyaa| pUrva tyAga-vairAgya ke saMskAra jAgRta huye aura bhogavilApa kI sAmagrI ko sarpa kAMcalIvata chor3akara tyAga-mArga ko aMgIkAra karate huye vicaraNa karane lge| sAdhanA karate huye unako avadhi jJAna prakaTa ho gyaa| grAmAnugrAma vicarate huye ve kAMpilya nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM birAje aura mAlI ko pUrvokta ardhagAthA uccAraNa karate huye sunA / citta mani avadhi jJAna ke bala se ardha gAthA kA prayojana samajha gaye aura "imANI chaTTiyA~ jAyI annamannakha jA viNA" yaha kahakara ardhagAthA ko pUrNa kara diyaa| udyAna kA mAlI harSita hote huye rAjya sabhA meM gayA aura usa ardhagAthA

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348 ] [ karma siddhAnta ko pUrNa karake sunA diyA / cakravartI brahmadatta apane pUrva bhava ke bhAI ko mAlI ke rUpa meM samajha kara kheda khinna hokara mUrchita ho gayA / rAjapuruSoM ne mAlI ko pakar3a liyA aura trAsa dene lage to mAlI ne sahI sthiti batalA dii| rAjapuruSa muni kI sevA meM upasthita huye aura rAjA ke mUchita hone kI bAta kahakara munirAja ko rAjya sabhA meM livAlAye / ___muni kA ojapUrNa zarIra aura daidIpyamAna lalATa dekhakara brahmadatta svasthya ho gaye kintu apane bhAI ko muni veSa meM dekha kara khinnamanA hokara kahane lage ki bandhuvara, pUrva bhava kI ApakI tyAga-tapazcaryA kA kyA yahI phala hai ki Apako bhikSA ke liye idhara-udhara bhaTakanA par3a rahA hai| mujhako rAjya vaibhava aura sampadA ne varaNa kiyA hai kintu Apake yaha daridratA kyoM palle par3I ? mujhe Apake isa kaSTaprada jIvana ko dekhakara Azcarya bhI ho rahA hai aura duHkha bhii| aba Apako bhikSA jIvI rahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / merI pratijJA ke anusAra merA AdhA rAjya vaibhava Apake hisse meM hai| "rAjendra ! jisa rAjya vaibhava meM Apa anurakta haiM, usase maiM bhI paricita hU~" citta muni kahane lage-"merA janma bhI eka aizvarya va vaibhava sampanna zreSThI kula meM huA hai ataH mujhe bhikhArI yA daridrI samajhane kI bhUla mata karo / eka mahAtmA ke saMyoga se mere tyAga vairAgya ke saMskAra jAgRta ho gaye aura saba vaibhava sampadA ko chor3a kara maiMne akSaya sukha aura zAnti kA yaha rAjamArga apanAyA hai / rAjan ! Apako yaha rAjya vaibhava kyoM milA, isa para gaharAI se cintana kro| hama donoM ne pUrva bhava meM citta aura saMbhUti ke rUpa meM munivrata aMgIkAra kara kaThina sAdhanA kI thI jisase hamArA jIvana bar3A nirmala ho gayA, kaI siddhiyA~ bhI hamako sahaja hI prApta ho gayIM / cakravartI sanatakumAra hamAre darzana karane AyA aura tyAga-vairAgya kI amiTa chApa apane hRdaya para lekara vApasa calA gyaa| cakravartI kA rAjya vaibhava bhoga kara bhI vaha usameM ulajhA nahIM aura virakta hokara saMyama jIvana aMgIkAra kara siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gayA / Apa usake rAjya vaibhava aura rAjarAniyoM ke rUpa saundarya ko dekhakara pAsakta ho gaye aura yaha nidAna (duHssaMkalpa) kara liyA ki merI sAdhanA kA phala mujhe mile to mujhe bhI isI taraha kA rAjya vaibhava aura kAma bhogoM ke sAdhana prApta hoM / tyAga tapazcaryA kA phala to anirvacanIya Ananda aura akSaya sakha hai kintu Apane nidAna karake hIre ko kaur3iyoM ke mola beca diyA jisase Apako yaha rAjya vaibhava prApta hA gyaa| isameM Atyantika Asakti mahAn duHkha kA kAraNa bana sakatI hai| cakravartI sanatakumAra kA anusaraNa kara Apako ina kSaNika kAma bhogoM ko svecchA se chor3a kara akSaya sukha aura zAnti kA rAjamArga apanAnA cAhiye arthAt muni jIvana svIkAra kara lenA caahiye|"

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~] [ 346 "prArya ! ApakA kathana yathArtha hai / maiM bhI samajhane ko aisA hI samajha rahA huuN|" cakravartI brahmadatta ne kahA-"daladala meM phaMse huye gajendra ke samAna maiM hU~ ki jisako kinArA to dikha rahA hai kintu daladala se bAhara nikalane kI usakI icchA hI nahIM hotii| maiMne pUrva bhava meM tyAgI jIvana kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karake krodha kiyA aura phira nidAna kara liyA cakravartI kI sampadA ke liye, usI kA yaha pariNAma hai ki Apake samajhAne para bhI aura tyAgI jIvana kI mahattA ke samajhate huye bhI maiM rAjya vaibhava kI Asakti ko chor3a nahIM pA rahA huuN|" ___"agara pUrNa tyAgI jIvana svIkAra nahIM kara sakate ho to gRhasthAzrama meM rahate huye zrAvaka ke vrata niyama hI dhAraNa karalo jisase Apa adhama gati se to baca skoge|" citta muni ne vaikalpika mArga btlaayaa| "munivara ! mere liye yaha bhI zakya nahIM hai|" cakravartI brahmadata ne apanI asamarthatA prakaTa karate huye uttara diyaa| "rAjendra ! pUrva bhavoM ke sneha ke kAraNa maiM cAhatA thA ki Apako bhogAsakti ke daladala se bAhara nikAlU kintu merA yaha prayatna niSphala gayA, aba jaisI ApakI icchA / " yaha kahate huye citta muni (pUrva bhava kA nAma) vApasa lauTa gye| cakravartI brahmadatta ne kAma bhogoM ke daladala meM phaMse huye hI AyuSya pUrNa kiyA aura sAtavIM naraka meM gaye / mahAmuni citta ne ugra sAdhanA aura tapazcaryA kI jisase anta meM siddha, buddha aura mukta ho gye| do bandhu jo pA~ca bhavoM taka sAtha-sAtha rahe, cauthe bhava meM kaThina sAdhanA kI ve Asakti aura virakti ke kAraNa itane dUra bichur3a gaye ki eka to rasAtala ke aMtima chora-sAtavIM naraka gaye aura dUsare Urdhva gamana kI aMtima sImAsiddhazilA-para jA birAje / karma pradhAna vizva kari raakhaa| jo jasa karahi tasa phala cAkhA / / [5] karma kA bhugatAna zrI cAMdamala bAbela bhagavAn zreyAMsanAtha isa dharatI tala para bhavya jIvoM ko sanmArga dikhAte hae vicaraNa kara rahe the / usa samaya dakSiNa bharata meM potanapura nAmaka eka nagara

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350 ] [ karma siddhAnta thaa| ripu pratizatru nAmaka vahA~ kA zAsaka thaa| unakI agramahiSI kA nAma bhadrA thA / kAlAntara meM unake putra ratna kI utpatti huI jisakA nAma acala rakhA gyaa| kucha kAla bAda usa bhadrA mahArAnI ke eka kanyA ratna kI utpatti huI jisakA nAma mRgAvatI rakhA gyaa| mRgAvatI jaba yauvanAvasthA meM AyI to usakA eka-eka aMga sugaThita tathA AkarSaka thaa| rAjakumArI vivAha yogya huI to dhyAnAkarSaNa kI dRSTi se mAtA bhadrA ne use pitA ke pAsa rAja darabAra meM bhejA / rAjA ripu pratizatru usa rAjakumArI ko Ate dekhakara mohAbhibhUta ho gyaa| usane vicAra kiyA ki yaha to koI svargaloka se devAGganA A rahI hai| pRthvI para aise strIratna kA milanA bar3A kaThina hai| rAjA isa prakAra kA vicAra kara rahA thA ki vaha rAjakumArI pAsa meM AyI evaM pitAzrI ko praNAma kiyaa| rAjA ne use pAsa meM biThAyA evaM punaH sevikA ke sAtha use antaHpura meM bheja diyaa| rAjA apanI durvAsanA ko dabA na skaa| Akhira apanI caturAI ke bala para usane rAja darabAriyoM se svIkRti prApta kara apanI putrI se gandharva vivAha kara liyaa| idhara mahArAnI bhadrA apane putra acala ko lekara dakSiNa dizA meM calI gayI jahA~ para mAhezvarI nAmaka nagarI basAyI / kucha dinoM bAda putra acala punaH pitAzrI kI sevA meM A gyaa| kAlAntara meM mRgAvatI ke eka putra utpanna huA / jyotiSiyoM ne batAyA ki yaha bAlaka vAsudeva kA pada dhAraNa kara tIna khaNDa kA svAmI hogaa| karmagati kitanI vicitra hai ki eka zlAghanIya puruSa kI utpatti lokApavAda nindanIya saMyoga se huii| bAlaka kI pITha para tIna bAMsa kA cihna dekhakara use tripRSTha nAma diyA gyaa| bAlaka apane bar3e bhAI acala ke sAtha rahane lgaa| yogya vaya pAkara kalA-kauzala meM nipuNa ho gyaa| donoM bhAiyoM meM sneha itanA adhika thA ki eka dUsare ke binA nahIM raha sakate the| usa samaya meM ratnapura meM azvagrIva nAmaka zAsaka zAsana karatA thaa| vaha mahAn yoddhA aura vIra thaa| solaha hajAra rAjA usake adhIna the| vaha prativAsudeva thaa| tatkAlIna paristhiti meM rathanapara cakravAla nAmaka nagarI meM vidyAdhararAja jvalanavaTI prabala parAkramI nareza thA, unakI patnI kA nAma vAyuvegA thA / kAlAntara meM usake eka kanyA kI utpatti huI jisakA nAma svayaMprabhA rakhA gayA / usakA vivAha tripRSTha vAsudeva se karane hetu jvalanavaTI use lekara potanapura calA AyA tathA vivAha kI taiyArI hone lgii| yaha bAta azvagrIva ko mAlUma huI to vaha apanI senA lekara potanapura calA AyA kyoMki svayaMprabhA se vaha vivAha karanA cAhatA thA / ghamAsAna yuddha humA / azvagrIva mArA gyaa| anta meM sabhI rAjAoM ne tripRSTha vAsudeva kI AjJA meM rahanA svIkAra kiyA

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karma aura puruSArtha kI jaina kathAe~ ] [ 351 tathA dhUmadhAma se vAsudeva pada kA abhiSeka kiyA gyaa| tripRSTha vAsudeva rAjasI bhoga-vilAsa meM tallIna the| mahArAnI svayaMprabhA ke zrIvijaya aura vijaya nAmaka do putraratnoM kI utpatti huii| eka bAra saMgIta maMDalI bhramaNa karatI huI rAja darabAra meM upasthita huii| gAyaka apanI kalA meM pUrNa nipuNa the / jyoMhI unhoMne apanI kalA kA pradarzana kiyA to saba maMtramugdha ho gaye evaM unakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA karane lge| eka daphA rAtri ko isa prakAra kA manoraMjaka kAryakrama cala rahA thaa| rAjA apanI zayyA para leTe hue the / saMgIta kI svara-laharI sabhI ko maMtramugdha kara rahI thii| tripRSTha ne apane zayyApAlaka ko kahA ki jaba mujhe pUrNa nidrA A jAve to saMgIta gAne vAloM ko vizrAma de denaa| idhara vAsudeva pUrNa nidrAdhIna ho gaye kintu zayyApAlaka svayaM saMgIta meM itanA gRddha ho gayA ki saMgItajJoM ko vizrAma kA Adeza nahIM diyA tathA rAta-bhara saMgIta hotA rahA / vAsudeva jaba jage to dekhA ki saMgIta pUrvavata cala rahA hai| rAjA ko Akroza AyA evaM zayyApAlaka ko kahA ki inheM vizrAma kyoM nahIM diyA? zayyApAlaka ne kahA-"mahArAja ! maiM kSamAprArthI huuN| maiM svayaM saMgIta sunane meM Asakta ho gayA isaliye Apake Adeza kA pAlana nahIM ho skaa|" tripRSTha vAsudeva ne kahA-"acchA ! mere Adeza kI avahelanA / sAmanto ! yaha saMgIta sunane kA atyadhika rasika hai, isaliye isake kAnoM meM garma zIzA DAlA jAya / " sAmantoM ne AjJAnusAra vaisA hI kiyaa| zayyApAlaka ne tar3apate hue prANa chodd'e| sattAndha banakara tripRSTha vAsudeva ne karma ke bandhana ke phalasvarUpa Ayu pUrNa kara sAtavIM nArakI meM janma liyA / taiMtIsa sAgaropama kA AyuSya pUrNa kara siMha, nArakI, cakravartI, devatA, mAnava, deva Adi bhavoM ko pUrNa kara varddhamAna mahAvIra ke bhava meM janma liyA / mahAvIra abhiniSkramaNa ke bAda jaMgaloM, gaphAnoM meM dhyAna karate haye "chammANI" grAma ke nikaTa udyAna meM eka nirjana sthAna meM dhyAnastha the| usa samaya zayyApAlaka kA jIva-jisake kAnoM meM garma-garma sIsA uMDelA gayA thA, vaha gvAle ke bhava meM bailoM kI jor3I ko sAtha lekara jahA~ mahAvIra dhyAnastha the, vahA~ para pAyA evaM bolA- "he bhikSu ! maiM kulhAr3I ghara chor3a AyA hU~, use lekara AtA hU~ taba taka bailoM kI rakhavAlI rkhnaa|" idhara baila carate hue ghanI jhAr3iyoM meM ojhala ho gaye / gvAlA vApisa AyA to bailoM kI jor3I najara nahIM aayii| gvAle kI A~khoM meM Aga barasane lgii| vaha mahAvIra ko abhadra zabdoM se bolane lgaa| kintu bhagavAna to dhyAnastha the, koI uttara nahIM diyaa| taba gvAle kA krodha adhika bar3ha gayA aura bolA-"acchA, tuma merI bAta suna nahIM rahe ho to

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352 ] [ karma siddhAntaH lo tumheM baharA karake hI dama luuNgaa| usane donoM kAnoM meM kASTha ke tIkhe kIle Thoke aura calA gyaa| isase mahAvIra ko tIvra vedanA huI, kintu unakA citta kSaNa mAtra bhI khinna nahIM hA tathA cintana dhArA meM nimagna ho gye| "merI AtmA ne hI tripRSTha vAsudeva ke bhava meM zayyApAlaka ke kAnoM meM garma sIsA DalavAyA thaa| usI karma vipAka kA prAja bhugatAna ho rahA hai / isameM gvAle kA kyA doSa ? maiMne jaisA karma kiyA, usI kA phala Aja mujhe mila rahA hai| vAstava meM karmoM kA bhugatAna hue binA mukti nahIM hai|" Na tassa dukkhaM vibhayaMti NAiyo, Na mittavaggA Na suyA Na baMdhavA / ikko sayaM paccaNu hoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kammaM // - uttarA0 13/23 arthaH-pApI jIva ke duHkha ko na jAti vAle ba~TA sakate haiM, na mitramaMDalI, na putra, na baMdhu / vaha svayaM akelA hI duHkha bhogatA hai kyoMki karma karttA kA hI anusaraNa karatA hai (kartA ko hI karmoM kA phala bhoganA par3atA hai)| sukhasya dukhasya na ko'pi dAtA, paro dadAtItti kubaddhi reSA / ahaM karomoti vRthAbhimAnaH, svakarma sUtra prathito hi lokaH / / arthaH-sukha-duHkha kA dene vAlA koI nahIM hai| anya jIva mere sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa hai, yaha kubuddhi-mAtra hai / maiM kartA hU~ yaha mithyAbhimAna hai| samasta saMsAra karma ke prabhAva se hI grathita hai| dhanAni bhUmau pazavazca goSThe, bhAryA gaha dvAri janaH zmasAne / dehazcitAyAM paralokamArge, karmAnugo gacchati jIva ekaH // artha:-jIva ke paraloka prasthAna karate samaya usake dvArA ajita dhana bhUmi meM hI raha jAtA hai, pazuvarga usakI zAlA meM hI ba~dhA raha jAtA hai / bhAryA gRha ke dvAra taka hI raha jAtI hai, mitra-maNDalI zmazAna taka pahu~cAtI hai| yaha zarIra jo lambe samaya taka jIva kA sAthI rahA, vaha bhI citAparyanta sAtha detA hai / jIva akelA hI karmAnusAra paraloka gamana karatA hai /

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pariziSTa hamAre sahayogI lekhaka 1. prAcArya zrI hastImalajI mahArAja-prasiddha jaina AcArya, AgamavettA aura __ zAstrajJa, gaveSaka vidvAn aura itihAsajJa / 2. paM0 ra0 zrI hIrA muni-jaina muni, prabuddha cintaka aura prakhara vktaa| AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. sA. ke vidvAn ziSya / 3. zrI devendra muni zAstrI-jaina muni, prabaddha cintaka, aneka granthoM ke lekhaka / upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni ke vidvAn ziSya / 4. svargIya yuvAcArya zrI madhukara muni-prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka / 5. zrI rameza muni zAstrI-jaina muni, lekhaka aura cintaka / upAdhyAya __zrI puSkara muni ke ziSya / 6. zrI bhagavatI muni 'nirmala'--jaina muni, prasiddha lekhaka, kathAkAra aura AgamajJa vidvAn / 7. paM0 kailAzacandra zAstrI-prasiddha jaina vidvAn, prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, bhUtapUrva prAcArya, syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vaaraannsii| 8. DaoN. mahendrasAgara pracaMDiyA prasiddha jaina vidvAn, cintaka, lekhaka aura vaktA / vArSNeya mahAvidyAlaya, alIgar3ha (u0 pra0) meM hindI prAdhyApaka / 6. DaoN0 prAditya pracaMDiyA 'dIti' lekhaka, kavi aura samIkSaka, maMgala kalaza, 364, sarvodaya nagara, AgarA roDa, alIgar3ha (u0 pr0)| 10. zrI kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA-prabuddha, cintaka, lekhaka aura svAdhyAyI sAdhaka, adhiSThAtA-zrI jaina siddhAnta zikSaNa saMsthAna, bajAja nagara, jayapura / 11. zrI candanarAja mehatA-cintaka aura lekhaka, 63, silAvaToM kA bAsa, sojatI geTa ke andara, jodhapura-342 001 / 12. DaoN. ziva muni-jana muni, prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka / 13. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa-jaina muni, jaina dharma, darzana aura saMskRti ke marmajJa vidvAn, aneka graMthoM ke lekhaka aura dhyAna-sAdhaka /

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354 ] [ karma siddhAnta 14. zrI rAjIva pracaMDiyA-eDavokeTa aura lekhaka, sarvodaya nagara, alIgar3ha (u0 pr0)| 15. zrI cAMdamala karNAvaTa-prasiddha vicAraka, lekhaka aura svAdhyAyI sAdhaka, vidyA bhavana TIcarsa TreniMga kaoNleja, udayapura meM hindI prAdhyApaka / 16. zrI lAlacandra jaina-lekhaka, vicAraka aura anuvAdaka, zAstrI nagara, jodhpur| 17. prAcArya zrI nAneza-prasiddha jaina AcArya, prAgamabettA aura zAstrajJa, samatA darzana ke gUr3ha vyAkhyAtA / 18. zrI zrIcanda golechA-pramukha ratnavyavasAyI, tattva cintaka aura svAdhyAyI, sI-23, bhagavAnadAsa roDa, sI-skIma, jayapura-1 / 19. zrI kalyANamala jaina-svAdhyAyI, corU (svaaiimaadhopur)| 20. zrI rAjendra muni-jaina muni, upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni ke ziSya / 21. zrI jazakaraNa DAgA-tattva cintaka aura svAdhyAyI, lekhaka, DAgA sadana, saMghapurA, ToMka (raaj.)| 22. DaoN0 rAmamUrti tripAThI-prabuddha vicAraka, samIkSaka aura lekhaka, vikrama vizvavidyAlaya, ujjaina meM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa / 23. DaoN0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara'-jaina dharma, darzana, sAhitya aura saMskRti ke marmajJa vidvAn, prabuddha vicAraka aura lekhaka, jaina anuzIlana kendra, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura meM nidezaka evaM prophesara / 24. DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina-jaina dharma-darzana ke marmajJa vidvAna, prabaddha vicAraka __ aura lekhaka, zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, AI0TI0 AI0 roDa, vArANasI (u0 pra0) ke nidezaka / 25. zrI dharmacanda jaina-lekhaka, rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, jhAlAvAr3a (rAja0) meM saMskRta pravaktA / 26. DaoN0 ke0 ela0 zarmA-cintaka aura lekhaka, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura ke darzana zAstra vibhAga meM prAdhyApaka / 27. DaoN0 e0 bI0 zivAjI-vicAraka.aura lekhaka, darzana zAstra ke prAdhyApaka, __ mohana nivAsa, koThI roDa, ujjaina (ma0 pra0) / 28. DaoN. nijAmuddIna-pramukha lekhaka aura samIkSaka, islAmiyA ArTas kaoNleja, zrInagara (kazmIra) meM hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa /

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pariziSTa ] [ 355 26. svargIya zrI agaracanda nAhaTA-pramukha gaveSaka jaina vidvAn, prAcIna bhASA aura sAhitya ke vizeSajJa, abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera ke saMsthApaka / 30. DaoN. devadatta zarmA-lekhaka, jana samparka vibhAga, sUcanA kendra, udayapura-313 001 31. svargIya paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI-jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn, padmabhUSaNa alaMkAra se sammAnita / inake vicAra 'saMsAra aura dharma' pustaka kI bhUmikA se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 32. paM0 phUlacanda zAstrI-jaina dharma aura darzana ke marmajJa vidvAn, prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, vaaraannsii| inake vicAra 'karmagraMtha bhAga-6' kI bhUmikA se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 33. svargIya zrI kedAranAtha-prabuddha cintaka aura maulika vicAraka / inake vicAra 'viveka aura sAdhanA' pustaka se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 34. svargIya svAmI zaraNAnanda-maulika vicAraka, tattva cintaka aura anubhavI saMta / 'mAnava sevA saMgha' vRndAvana, mathurA ke saMsthApaka / inake vicAra 'mUka satsaMga aura nitya yoga' pustaka se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 35. svargIya zrI kizoralAla mazruvAlA-pramukha sarvodayI vicAraka, tattva cintaka aura lekhaka / inake vicAra 'saMsAra aura dharma' pustaka se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 36. lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka-bhAratIya svAdhInatA saMgrAma ke pramukha senAnI, prasiddha vidvAn aura cintanazIla lekhaka / inake vicAra 'gItA rahasya' pustaka se saMkalita kiye gaye haiM / 37. mahAtmA gAMdhI rASTrapitA, satya aura ahiMsA ke anThe prayoga shilpii| inake vicAra 'gItA bodha' pustaka se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| 38. svargIya prAcArya vinobA bhAve-bhUdAna Andolana ke pravartaka, prabuddha vicAraka, lekhaka aura vyaakhyaataa| inake vicAra 'gItA-pravacana' se saMkalita kiye gaye hai| 36. prAcArya rajanIza-maulika cintaka, ojasvI vaktA aura antarrASTrIya khyAti prApta dhyAna yogii| inake vicAra 'mahAvIraH paricaya aura vANI' se saMkalita kiye gaye haiN|

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356 ] [ karma-siddhAnta 40. svargIya DaoN0 devendra kumAra jaina-prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, indaura vizva vidyAlaya meM hindI prAdhyApaka / 41. zrI jI0 esa0 naravAnI-rAjasthAna prazAsanika adhikArI, saciva, rAjasthAna DeyarI pheDarezana, jayapura / 42. DaoN0 mahAvIra sarana jaina-prabuddha vicAraka, lekhaka, bhASAvid aura samIkSaka / jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI prophesara / 43. zrI raNajItasiMha kamaTa-prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, bhAratIya prazAsanika adhikArI, prabandha saMcAlaka, rAjasthAna DeyarI pheDarezana, jayapura / DaoN0 rAjendrasvarUpa bhaTanAgara-cintaka aura lekhaka, rAjasthAna vizva vidyAlaya, jayapura ke darzana zAstra vibhAga meM esoziyeTa prophesara / 45. DaoN0 zAntA mahatAnI-kAnor3iyA mahilA mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura meM darzana zAstra kI vibhAgAdhyakSa / 46. prAcArya anantaprasAda jaina-prabuddha cintaka aura lekhaka, pArasa sadana, Aryanagara, lakhanaU-226 001 / 47. zrI azokakumAra saksenA-kaniSTha vyAkhyAtA, jIva vijJAna vibhAga, javAhara vidyApITha, kAnor3a-313 604 (udayapura) rAja0 48. DaoN0 mahAvIrasiMha muDiyA-esoziyeTa prophesara, rasAyana zAstra vibhAga, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, rozana bhavana, campA bAga, sarasvatI mArga, udayapura (raaj.)| 46. DaoN0 jagadIzarAya jaina-rIDara, rasAyana zAstra vibhAga, kesI, 42-e, azoka vihAra, pheja naM0 1, nyU vATara TaiMka, dillI-110 052 / 50. DaoN0 premasumana jaina-jaina dharma, darzana, sAhitya ke pramukha vidvAn evaM lekhaka, udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga ke adhyakSa, 26, uttarI sundaravAsa, udayapura-313 001 (rAja.) / svargIya sujAnamala mehatA-lekhaka aura svAdhyAyI, savAImAdhopura / 52. zrI cAMdamala bAbela-lekhaka aura svAdhyAyI, rAdhAkRSNa kaoNlonI, bhiilvaadd'aa| 51.

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AcArya zrI gajendra amRta mahotsava sAdhanA samAroha dinAMka 6 janavarI, 1984, pauSa zuklA caturdazI saM. 2041 priya bandhuvara ! sAdara jayajinendra ! parama gaurava evaM apAra harSa kA viSaya hai ki vizvavaMdya zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI ke zAsana ke sajaga prabala praharI, jaina jagat ke daidIpyamAna nakSatra, ratnavaMzanAyaka dharmaguru, dharmAcArya, sAmAyika-svAdhyAya ke sandezavAhaka, prAtaHsmaraNIya, akhaNDa bAlabrahmacArI, cAritra cUr3AmaNi, vidvadratna, itihAsa-mArtaNDa, parama pUjya AcArya parama-zraddheya zrI 1008 zrI hastImalajI mahArAja sAhaba kA 75vAM punIta pAvana janma divasa AgAmI pauSa zuklA caturdazI tadanusAra dinAMka 6 janavarI, 1985 ko samupasthita ho rahA hai| parama pUjya AcArya pravara kA samagra jIvana sAdhanA sampUrita rahA hai| AcArya zrI ne 64 varSa ke isa sudIrgha sAdhanA kAla meM jahA~ eka ora uttara se dakSiNa evaM pUrva se pazcima taka sahasroM mIla kA pAdavihAra kara jinavANI kI pAvana gaMgA ko bhArata bhUmi ke kone-kone meM pravAhita kiyA hai, vahIM svAdhyAya evaM sAmAyika ke maMgalamaya divya ghoSa se nagara, grAma evaM ghara-ghara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vizvakalyANakArI sandeza pahu~cAyA hai| Apane apane sudIrgha AcArya-kAla meM na kevala anekoM mumukSu bhadra-bhavya bhAI-bahinoM ko adhyAtma kI ora prerita kara unheM paMca mahAvratoM kI bhAgavatI dIkSA hI pradAna kI hai, apitu hajAroM nara-nAriyoM ko sapta kuvyasanoM kA tyAga karavAkara, unheM sAmAyika va svAdhyAya kI preraNA dekara, samAja ke naitika evaM dhArmika dharAtala ko samunnata karane kI dizA meM athaka parizrama kiyA hai| Apa dvArA prerita saikar3oM svAdhyAyI bandhu prativarSa saikar3oM kSetroM meM dharma-sAdhanA pUrvaka paryuSaNa-parvArAdhana karavA rahe haiN| ApakI satata aharniza apramatta dinacaryA, alaukika dhyAna-sAdhanA, niyamita mauna-sAdhanA, sampradAyAtIta dharma preraNA, sAdhaka-jIvana meM dRr3ha anuzAsana, pratipala jina zAsana hita cintana ApakI maulika vizeSatAeM haiN| Apake jIvana meM jJAna evaM kriyA kA sundara saMgama sahaja hI svataH dRSTigata hotA hai / ApakI prasannacita saumya zAnta mukha mudrA darzanArthI bhaktagaNoM ko haThAt prathama darzana meM hI sadA sarvadA ke liye apanI ora AkarSita kara letI hai| sva sampradAya meM rahate hue bhI ApakA lakSya sadaiva jina zAsana sevA, saMgaThana, ekatA evaM zramaNAcAra kI vizuddhatA kA rahA hai / Apa dvArA prerita saMsthAe~ bhI isI pavitra lakSya ke anurUpa samagra jaina samAja va mAnava mAtra kI sevA hetu samarpita haiN|

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hameM gaurava hai aise mahAn dharmaguru dharmAcArya ke ziSya hone kA / aAja hamAre samakSa upasthita hai eka mahAn suavasara-apane ArAdhya gurudeva ke caraNoM meM zraddhA evaM bhakti ke puSpa samarpita karane kaa| ananta upakAra haiM pUjya pravara ke hama para, jinhoMne hameM jIvana kI saccI rAha dikhAI hai / yadyapi janma-janmAntaroM taka bhI hama unake RNa se uRNa nahIM ho sakate tathApi Aiye ! Apa hama saba eka sAtha milakara aTala saMkalpa kareM ki pUjya gurudeva ke sAdhanAmaya jIvana ke isa viziSTa pAvana prasaMga para hama "tvadIya vastu govinda ! tubhyameva samarpaye" kahate hue yatkicit sAdhanA-sumana unhIM ke caraNoM meM samarpita kreN| aura isa prakAra pUjya guru gajendra se prApta sAmAyika-svAdhyAya ke prasAda ko hama ghara-ghara pahu~cAkara unake bhAgIratha-prayAsa meM apanA bhI kucha yogadAna kreN| isI zubha bhAvanA va Apake sahayoga ke vizvAsa ke sAtha kucha saMkalpa ApakI sevA meM prastuta haiM :1. kama-se-kama 75 vyakti AjIvana brahmacarya vrata aMgIkAra kreN| 2. kama-se-kama 75 naye svAdhyAyI bneN| 3. kama-se-kama 75 jainetara vyakti sapta kuvyasana tyAga kreN| 4. kama-se-kama 75 sthAnoM para sAmAyika saMghoM ko suvyavasthita krnaa| 5. eka varSa ke liye 75 chAtroM ko chAtravRtti pradAna karanA-karavAnA / 6. kama-se-kama 75 vyakti pauSa zuklA caturdazI se 75 dina taka brahmacarya kA pAlana kreN| 7. kama-se-kama 75 naye vyakti dharmasthAnaka meM sAmAyika-sAdhanA kA saMkalpa kreN| 8. kama-se-kama 75 vyakti eka varSa ke liye rAtri bhojana tyAga kreN| 6. kama-se-kama 75 kAryakartA taiyAra karanA evaM unase niyamita samparka sthApita krnaa| 10. "gajendra-sUkti sudhA" ke aMgrejI saMskaraNa kA prakAzana / 11. kama-se-kama 75 bacce eka varSa meM sAmAyika/pratikramaNa sIkhane kA saMkalpa kreN| yaha kArya zIghra sampanna ho sake, isameM Apa sabakA sahayoga abhISTa hai| Apake sahayoga, mArga-darzana va preraNA se hI saMgha isa kArya ko pUrNa kara skegaa| Apake sneha va sahakAra kI apekSA ke sAtha / * vinayAvanata * sampatasiMha bhAMDAvata mANakamala bhaMDArI adhyakSa jJAnendra bAphanA ___ mahAmaMtrI zrI a0 bhA0 jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha ghor3oM kA cauka, jodhapura-342 001 .

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